The Missionary Review of the World — October 1920

XLIII· NUMBER

OCTOBER, 1920 AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN JENNY DE MAYER A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE H. E. PHILIPS TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD GEORGE E. WHITE SOME THINGS MISSIONARIES NEED WALTER C. ERDMAN AND OTHERS PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS MRS. E. C. CRONK PROGRAMS ON THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS MRS. W. H. FARMER $2~50 A. YEAR . 25 CEl'-(T$ A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COlllPINY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK {56 FIFTH AVE., tmw YORK

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CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER. 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE-MISSIONARY EQUIPMICNT EDITORIAL COMMEKT …………………………………………… . 855 A MISSIONARY CONFICRlCNCE IN SWI'rZICRI,AND POLITICS AND RELIGION IN KOREA A FICI.WWSHIP OF FAITH . Nllw Hopll FOR MIlXICO RELIGIOUS RIlVIVAI,S IN CHINA AMERICA IN SANTO DOMINGO AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JIlNNY DE MAYER 864 A slory of mission-ary adventure in an effort to reach with the Gospel the people of the forbidden land of Afghanistan.

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE …………………. REV. H. E. PHII.IPS 875 A sample of the questions and objections of a M aslem inquirer into the truth of Christianity, and the replies of a missionary. May be adapted for a missionary meeting at home. .

TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD ……………. PRESIDENT GEORGE E. WHI'rE, D. D. 885 What the Mohammedans of Turkey conceive to be the character and COn- duct of God as revealed in the Koran, and pictured in their traditions.

SOME THINGS MISSIONARIES NEED ………………………………. 891 Letters from missionaries telling of the equipment needed from America in order that they may accomplish their best work in mission IStations, thousands of miles from the base of supplies.

WALTER C. ERDMAN, KORICA PAUL W. HARRISON, ARABIA MRS. C. F. BERNHeISEL, KORICA MRS. JOHN VAN Ess, ARABIA MRS. A. K. REISCHAUER, JAPAN MRS. GUY W. HAMILTON, CEINA PAUL BURGIlSS, GUATEMALA MARY W. RIGGS, TURKEY EDITH C. DICKIIC, CHINA AI.DA B. ATCHISON, EGyPT RODERICK McLEOD, TmlC'1' JACOB A. RICIS, WIlST AFRICA MAUDIC NICWICI.I. WILLIAMS, SOUTH AMERICA BEST PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS …… MRS. E. C. CRONK 911 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITIlD BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER 919 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 923 NEW BOOKS 942 MISSIONARY PERSONALS 943 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent!'. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missienary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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!i ltobert ~. Speer, Pr..ident. Frank 1,. Brown, Vice-President. De1.yl.Il PieRon. Secretall' Walter McDou~, Trcuurcr 3J~U~li=;D 0 ee, Cooperatown, $2'!O y~ year ~ E;ditorial and BU~::.'Yor~cCi~56 Pilth Avenue, Ilar•a£n3,te1r8e7d9. .1 aecond-cl… matter at the POltoftice Cooperstown, New York, under the Ac;t of COP1rilrhted, 1920 As Barnum did it: a white elephant from trunk to tail The White Elephant of Siam ONE of the biggest fakes ever con- The real sacred white elephant;_ cocted-as laughable a story as ever from a sketch made on the spot has been told! P. T. Barnum perpetrated it, and an unsuspecting public, loving to A mo"g other good features, 0/ the October Isolle: be fooled, fell for it. You know the white elephant of the East-sacred keeper of the spirits of royalty- himself a dweller in regal palaces-with retinues of priests and servant~! There was Barnum's offer- $250,000 for the loan of the elephant for a year-priests, attendants, etc'! What happened, how a ruse was invented, its success, are told in the remembrances of Charles Mayer's circus days, in AS'IA The Story of Willard Straight The American MAGAZINE on the Orient The tale of a young American of vision and action in More Tho" 60 IlIlIstratio"s- the fascinating life of the East. laving the foundation Art I"sert of 8 pages I" Color for today's great International Consortium for loans to China which may solve the Far Eastern Problem. This "ts the first of a series of adventure stories of the business of catching wild Louis Graves. animals alive-the tale of the great python, for instance, for show purposes. ASIA en- The Way of the Farmer in Japan tertains-;-but does much more. It widens one's visions in a sweeping view of a conti- And how Japan's victorious army and navy. and the smoking chitnneysofOsaka,reston the bent back of the nent rich in new endeavor and beau tv and farmer and his wife. standing up to their knees in their in vital interest to the every-day American; paddy fields, raising no less than 4,000 diiferent kinds of rice. Robertson Scott.

On the Trail of the Lord Tiger l:iuntingthe big animal in IndoMChina. H.C.Flowe'T h.

Hero Hunting in Persia Meeting the Khans of Centr~llran. HaToldWeston.

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MISSIONARY

MEW'

VOL. OCTOBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII TEN.

A MISSIONARY CONFERENCE IN SWITZERLAND A NUMBER of American and British foreign missionary leaders met from June 22 to 29 inclusive, in Crans, Switzerland (near Geneva), to confer on the present missionary situation, and the ways of increasing cooperation among Protestant missionary for,ces. It was an aftermath of the Edinburgh Conference. This year was set for !1nother decennial gathering, and the meeting was to have been held in Germany. The war prevented the carrying out of the program, and only a small number of leaders gathered in Switzerland for an informal conference. Dr. Charles R. Watson, one of the delegates, reports that the conference gave careful consideration to the future of interna.tional missionary organization and agreed upon proposals to be submitted to the national missionary organizations, and through them to the missionary societies and boards in the dif- ferent countries for their consideration. The conference also gave long and careful consideI'ation to the present position of German missions. Having no authority as an international body to take ac- tion, the conference decided to submit to the national missiopary organizations in the different countries a report of the chief points brought out in its deliberations with a view to their taking such ac- tion as may seem to them right.

Thirty-seven missionary leaders came together from fourteen different countries and representing practically every national area maintaining Protestant missionary work. The members of the con- ference were not sent as delegates or representatives of societies or . churches. Each represented rather the totality of missionary interests within the country and nation from which he came. The British delegation included, among others, Dr. J. H. Ritson, secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, who is chairman of the standing committee of the conference of British missionary socie- ties; also Kenneth Maclennan, the executive secretary of the same 855

body. Rev. C. C. Bardsley, honorary secretary of the Church Missionary Society, Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, until recently secretary of the Friends Association, and J. H. Oldham, secretary of theF..dinburgh Continuation Oommittee. There were also present Bishop Westcott, Metropolitan of India and Ceylon, whose tireless labors for. the shepherding Df destitute German missionaries during the war must never be forgotten; Bishop King, recently of Madagascar and now secreta1'!Y of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; and Rev. W. Goudie, secretary of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, who gave two sons to be offered up on the altar of the great conflict. The pres.ence of M. Allegret and M. Couve, the French representatives, meant more to the conference than either of them ever can realize, because of their clear thinking, their practical wisdom and their manifestation without false sentiment of the spirit of Christian service. There were also Dr. Karl ]'ries of Sweden, Dr. Gunning of Holland, Mr. F. Wurz Df Switzerland, Dr. Anet of Belgium, Dr. Torm of Denmark, Dr. Tarkanen of Finland and Dr. Julius Richter, Dr. Haussleiter and Bishop Henning from Germany. The North American representatives included Dr. S. J. Corey of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, Dr. James Endicott of the Board of Foreign Mis,sions of the Methodist Church in Canada, Galen M. Fisher of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan, Dor. Alfred Gandier, principal of Knox College, Canada, Canon Gould of the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada, Dr. John R. Mott, Bishop Roots of China, Dr. W. E. Strong of the American Board, F. P. Turner of the Committee of Reference and Counsel, Dr. Arthur J. Brown of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. L. B. Wolf Df the United Lutheran Church and Dr. Charles R. Watson, for merlysecretary of the United Presbyterian Board. The chairman was Bishop L. H. R00ts of Hankow, China, and Rev. J. H. Oldham acted as secretary.

Dr. Watson reports as follows: "The meeting at Crans marked, first of all, the restoration of world missionary contacts. The war has driven American thinking out into a world horizon, and we are quite ready to admit the suggesfive and corrective values of national viewpoints other than our own. But restored international contacts carry more than enrichment of thought. There was a spiritual power and richness in the conference that must be ascribed in part to the international character of the meeting. When disciple'S of Christ, endeavoring to represent the noblest and most generous instincts of the Christian communities they represent, come together with the deliberate intention of finding their unity in a common Lord, their divine Master in turn graciously honors their efforts and pours out upon such a gathering His Spirit in a rich consciousness of His presence and power. ",l1. second striking feature of the prog.ram was the considera-

EDITORIAL COMMENT 85'

tion of the present and future of German Missions. This is a delicate subject but it was faced with frankness and ea~estne'Ss. The conference, having no power to act officially, prepared a report with recommendations which will be submitted to the missionary organizations of the different cQuntries interested with a view to their taking such action as may seem right.

"A third item of interest related to the formulating of a mi'Bsionary educational policy in the light of the steadily increasing tendency of governments to assume responsibility for education and in the light of further problems emerging out of the rising nationalistic spirit in many mission fields. The importance of the 'Subject to Anierican missionary agencies, with their great universities and colleges, is altogether obvious: When missions and governments touch each other as closely as they do in these educational activities, surely the time has come for the missionary leadership of America to seek to understand sympathetically the educational ideals of other countries, and to discover points of personal contact with the educational leaders of these governments.

" A fourth feature of the program was the discussion of a future international missionary organization, since the conference at Crans was in no sense itself a permanent or official organization. A new world situation, created by the six years of war needs to be provided for, so that the conference gave considerable time to the question of the future of international missionary organization. Their proposals are being submitted to the national missionary organizations and through them to the missionary societies and boards in the different countries. "

On the whole we believe that the experiences of the conference mark in a signal way the spirit of Christ triumphant over many problem'S and moving forward powerfully in the constructive processes which are to be used by the Holy Spirit to spread the Gospel of Christ and to establish the Kingdom of God.

A FELLOWSHIP OF FAITH* T HERE is a force in the world which brings us into touch with God and which makes all things possible. This force is faith. Weare apt to regard faith as an intangible thing, but it is scarcely less tangible than electricity. As we understand the laws that govern the ~lectric current, as we learn the .lines . upon which it will work, so do we see certain proofs of its power and we are able to harness it to fulfil our behests. Faith too has its laws, faith too is an active, working force and it is possible to apply it to the crying needs of our own day and generation and to have ocular demonstration of what it can do.

·Prepared for "A Fellowship of Faith for Moslems" by Miss Jennie B. Logan of .London.

The Bible magnifies the value of the individual in God's sight and shows that the faith of one man can accomplish miracles, but .it also shows that it is in a fellowship of faith that faith can be most productive, and it is to a fellowship of faith that many of the :most exalted promises are made. "If ye (plural) have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Re- move hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be j,mP<lssible unto you." (Matt. 17 :20). This is a promise to faith, united,- active and aggressive. It is in a living fellowship that mountain-removing faith is to be found.

Again the Master says: "Verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye (plural) shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Again I say unto you, that if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven." (Matt. 18:18, 19). Unless prayer is the voice of faith it is but a meaningless repetition of words or a form of moral, spiritual or intellectual gymnastics, but prayer that arises from a living fellowship of faith, even when that fellowship consista of only two members, is, our Lord teaches us, a power in heaven and on earth. God the Father graciously undertakes to do.

for such a fellowship anything that they shall ask. .

Th~ Bible teems with illustrations of the actual working value of faith and fellpwship combined. Was it not a fellowship of faith that overthrew Jericho T What was Gideon's little band of three hundred but a fellowship of faith? What was Jehosaphat 's army as it went out against Ammon,' Moab and Seir but a fellow- ship of faith, with the words "Believe in the Lord your God" ring- ing in their ears and the song of praise upon their lips T In the New Testament see that little group of intercessors pleading with God for the Apostle Peter. Prison, chains, four quaternions of soldiers, the wrath of Herod, certain death confronting him,- "but prayer" (Acts 12:5)! A fellowship, of faith, humble be- lievers whose faith was indeed but as a grain of mustard seed, pleading with God in the background and where now are the soldiers, the chains, the keepers, the prison doors! Heavenly forces have been put in motion, God has moved, and the miracle is an accomplished fact.

It has been the writer's glad privilege to witness spiritual movement in more than one place in answer to the united, per- sistent pleading with God of a company of His believing people.

Nothing seems impossible to such a fellowship. They know- that faith does but pave the way for the Almighty God to work, they rely uP<ln His promises, they plead them before His throne, and they are confident that the answer to their petitions, though it tarry, will surely come. They abound in hOlle by the power of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the Holy Spirit, and there is no situation too dark and difficult for tJiem to face because there is nothing too hard for their God.

Each member of a fellowship of faith may rest assured that every effort to enlighten the darkness of the world, every prayer offered, every sacrifice made is counting towards a glorious consummation. Hidden he may be, fe~ble he may seem, but his labor is not in vain in the Lord. Divers go down to lay mines beneath a dangerous rock, toil day after day in loneliness and discomfort and see no result for their labors. The great rock seems as stedfast as ever, as menacing to life and property, but the day comes when the last diver has done his work, the last connecting link is made and by the slightest touch an infant can blow the mighty structure to pieces. So let us not despise the day of small things when no results are visible. The tiny prayer-meeting, two or three gathering to pray, the young missionary struggling to express imperfectly in a foreign tongue something of our Heavenly Father's love to a group of indifferent or opposing people, all such efforts are in the plan, all are vital and important. As we pray, as we give, as we go, we may be conscious that this is our divinely appointed task and that we may claim and receive divine equipment for it, and that it is leading up to the final overthrow of this false religion, and that in it all "we are laborers together with God."

RELIGIOUS REVIVALB IN CHINA M ANY signs of renewed religious activity in China are reported by the Chinese Recorder of Shanghai. These are not by any means confined to Christianity but include Confucianism and Buddhism. Dr. Chen Huan Cheng 'Started a Confucian Society several years ago, and while this organization is not very active, Confucian ethics are being linked up to modern ideas, and societies are being formed all over the land to promote this teaching. Governor Yen of Shansi has been especially active in the promotion of Confucian Humanism.

Buddhism is also -showing new signs of life, or at least of renewed activity. Two new BuddhIst magazines have appeared, one of them having contributions from ex-president Li Yuan Hung, and from the Governor of Yunnan. Both magazines contain articles by students educated in America. Plans are also announced for a new Buddhist center, with an institutional temple on a large scale. The Governor of Yunnan has "Sent Bu,ddhist missionaries to Eastern Chekiang to promote Buddhism, and other priests are active in various parts of China. One monastery in Kansuh ordained one thousand Buddhist monks in one year, and in the Yangtse Valley many temples' are being rebuilt and repaired. Buddhist literature is also being produced and distributed.

The Christian forces in China are awake to the situation, and are respOnding in some degree to the new religious interest: The China Continuation Conunittee has appointed a special Committee' on work among Buddhists, and plans have been drawn for a Christian Institute to be devoted to work among Buddhist monks and lay workers. Rev. K. L. Reichelt, the author of these plans, has been led to devote his whole ti~e to work among Buddhists. An ex-monk who has become a Christian is preparing to engage in this work if the funds can be secured to found the Institute. This is only one of the many signs that the missionaries and Chinese leaders are awake to the situation, and are endeavoring to marshal their material – and spiritual forces to extend the Gospel of Christ.

POLITICS .AND RELIGION IN KORE.A T HE Rev. Frank Herron Smith, for many years a Methodist mis- sionary stationed at Seoul, Korea, writes that in the nine m<?nths sinC€ Baron Saito made his entry into Seoul, a sufficient period has elapsed to make reasonably clear the general trend of his policy and administration. Two needed reforms in the government of Korea were made before Baron Saito left Tokyo. Until last sununer it was required that the Governor-General of Korea be a general or an admiral, and as such the ruler of Korea was under the Minister of War or the Navy, and not directly responsible to the Prime Minister or to the people of Japan. This plan was discarded last .August and Korea was given a civil administration under the con~ trol of the Premier.

The second reform ordered in Tokyo was the abolishment of the gendarme or military police 'System. It was in some respects like martial law, where the civil rulers had nothing to do with the policing ;)f the country. The control of the press and of sanitary and medical matters was also lodged in this department and in many cases the policy pursued was repressive, not to say oppressive. Bef.ort) Barop Saito left Tokyo it was decided to abolish this system and to establish a Department of Police .Affairs under a separate head. This was a great reform and the spirit .of the police force is being gradually transformed.

The next reform that attracted attention was the .order for the abolition of flogging, which was issued last October and took effect April 1st. Certain reactionaries left in minor posItions in Korea said that flogging could not be abolished, as it would ruin discipline and there would not be room enough in the jails to accommodate all the offenders, many of whom were too poor to pay fines. There has been difficulty in preventing cruel treatment of prisoners by the poliC€ and gendarmes. They have been accustomed to using torture in the examination of prisoners regardless of their guilt or innocence.

1920]· EDITORIAL COMMENT

Under date of March 20, this year, Mr. Akaike, the new police head, issued instructions condemning the use of torture.

Baron Saito ha:s been doing away with discrimination between the Japanese and Koreans. He has placed the Korean and Japanese teachers and officials on an equal salary basis. He has begun prAparations for a university for Seoul. There are already four higher institutions, a law college, a medical college, a technical college and an agricultural college. He has speeded up the proposed educational program considerably and is establishing new common schools at the rate of one hundred a year. Baron Saito has provided a kind of recognition that will allow missionaries to conduct schools that are not fully up to the government standard in aTI respects and with considerable freedom in fixing the course'S of study and also with the privilege of introducing compulsory Bible study and chapel exercise'S. They will also have much freedom in the use of the Korean language in teaching. Under the old regime it was required in the common schools that Japanese be taught ten hours a week.

Church and mission property, of which there is a ·large amount in Korea, has hitherto been held largely in the name of some indi~ vidual, but now a corporation may be formed to hold the property of any mission, and, what is of more importance, for the corporation law is not a new one, the property may be transferred to this corporation at a nominal fee.

The gendarmes were the censors in the old regime and were too strict, not only with regard to particular articles, but they would allow only a very limited number of papers to be established. Under the new regime three new Korean dailies have already been started at Seoul and at least one paper may be founded in each province. Many new magazine'S are also being founded.

It is Baron Saito'S purpose to introduce autonomy as rapidly as possible and local and national assemblies are now in process of f.ormation. Even during the uprising last year first of the thirteen Governors were Korean'S. Forty-four judges and procurators and 204 county magistrates, not to mention many other officials, are Koreans. The Koreans, as a whole, are not satisfied. They say frankly that they want not reforms, but independence.

With the modified policy of the Japanese Government there is a brighter outlook for peace and progress. While the Koreans are not in the least reconciled to Japanese domination, they recognize the . futility of any attempt to gain their independence by force. The Japanese Government-General is also endeavoring to conciliate the Koreans, and to win the cooperation of the Chri'Stian missionaries. With the rem.oval of the prohibition against teaching religion in private educational institutions, most of the mission schools that have' been closed are to be reopened this autumn. Reports from Korea indicate a great turning of the people toward Christianity. Schools,

hospital's and churches are crowded, and missionaries write that the opportunity for spreading the Gospel is greater than ever before.

Rev. J. A. S. Toms, of the Southern Presbyterian Mission reports that in South Korea there are evidences of a Christward movement similar to that which took place in the North some twelve years ago. Among the more intelligent people, especially the young men, there ha'S been a decided movement toward the Church. In Fusan and Tongnai even the unbelieving shop keepers have agreed to observe Sunday as a day of rest. Last April the Pyeng Yang college students' evangelistic band went to Fusan and Chengju and held crowded meetings at which many decided to become Christians. Meetings were held in' some churches from five to six A. M. every morning, and churches 'Seating 4()0 were crowded to the doors. All day meetings were also held and were well attended by adults who spent the evenings in personal work for unbelievers. On one evening 1250 were admitted to one of the, meetings by ticket. Churches have united to organize large evangelistic campaigns this autumn, covering the whole district. Helpers' meetings are held to train workers and there is an unu'Sual zeal on the part of Christians for preaching the Gospel to unbelievers. Groups of new converts are already being gathered in various villages as a result of the work of these lay workers, and are asking for admission to the Church.

An increasing interest in education is also reported from Korea. Rich and poor, coolie'S and officials, are sending their sons and daughters to mission schools. Some of these schools are so crowded, says Dr. D. J. Cumming of the Southern Presbyterian Church, that an enlargement of dormitory and teaching space is necessary. Many 'Smaller pupils are obliged to sit on the floor because there are not sufficient benches, and some can only attend school in relays.

In this forward movement there lies both opportunity and danger. Superficial work will mean weakness for Church and State, and education that is not thoroughly Christian will only strengthen the forces that are opposed to Christ and the best interests of the Koreans. On the other hand, a thorough training of future Christian leaders among the men and women of all classes in Korea will mean the protection and improvement of morals, of intellect, of industry and of social life in the homes, in politics, in business and in the spiritual life of the people.

NEW HOPE FOR MEXICO P EACE seems finally to be dawning in Mexico. The murder of Carranza, although without justification or excuse, has removed one of the factors that made the reconciliation of rivals impossible; the surrender of Villa has disposed of another disturbing element, and the selection of Adolpho de la Huerta as a non-military President gives some hope for an end of the martial law that has pre-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

vailed in Mexico-wherever any law has been recognized-during the past decade. The religious attitude of the new government is not yet made clear, or the effect on Roman Catholic and Protestant activi- ties but the latest change in governmental cont'l"ol seems to meet with popular approvaL While Mexico is not yet quieted down, and it will be many months before normal conditions are re'Stored, the Mexicans are weary of war and long for peace and for freedom from military dictation. The masses are not yet educated, or fitted for enlightened self-government, so that their great need is for moral and intellectual training to fit them for free, yet not unbridled, self-expression. The new President, General Obregon, was elected in September and he will take office December 1st. In the meantime, the Mexican Congress of the present Government is 'Seeking to remedy abuses, to stabilize the monetary system and to restore normal conditions generally in domestic and foreign relations.

Missionaries in Mexico report unusually large congregations at Protestant services, many inquirers into evangelical truth and ex- pectations of a large enrolment in mis'SiQn schools. The outlook is brighter than at any time in the past fifteen years, and an unusual opportunity is offered for the carrying out of the cooperativtl mis- sionary program for the benefit of the Mexicans. < AMERICA IN SANTO DOMINGO SOME time ago when the newspapers carried large heaqlines stating that Spain had requested the United States to get out of Santo Domingo, it was the first intimation to the aVfrage reader that the United States was "in." As a matter of faQt she is in, and has a large sized program ahead in establishing an orderly government on this second largest island of the West Indies. < Hygiene, sanitation and morality are at a low ebb in Santo Domingo. There is no color line, for Spanish, Indians and blacks intermarry. The high cost of marriage, the priests being notorious profiteers, is the reason for the large percentage of children born out of wedlock. Gambling is everywhere prevalent. Two of the four or five hospitals on the island are chiefly supported by lotteries operated for their benefit. < The African Methodist Episcopal Church has the oldest Prot- estant mission in Santo Domingo, established in 1830. Moravians, Wesleyan Methodists, Free Methodists, the Episcopal Church, and possibly others, are now at work. A united program for the next five years will be worked out by evangelical denominations. In- stitutional churches will be established in the capital and other centers. • Missio1Q1] Stations …… MiJsostlrdneelMfSa1oJfet' – Rail,.oads .— Boundaries Dr~…. for "Th_ Mi…o,,1W3' Rev;.w of th. W""ld" from a .ketch by Mis. de Mayer THE FORBIDDEN LAND OF AFGHANISTAN Showing the Journeys of Miss Jenny de Mayer and the principal Protestant Mis sion Stations near the borders_

the Gate of Afghanistan·

An Attempt to Take the Gospel Into the Closed Fortress BY JENNY DE MAYER, SAMARKAND, CENTRAL ASIA Miss de Mayer, who is a Russian by birth, has had a very remarkable and interesting career. She is highly educated, speaks several languages, and has been actively engaged in missionary work in her own country and in other parts of Asia. She worked for some time as a missionary evangelist in the Ukrane and other parts of Russia, and among the Sarts in the Caucasus. A few years ago she went to Jidda, the seaport of Mecca, and there endevored to establish a dispensary and Bible shop, but it was closed by the authorities. She has traveled extensively in Central Asia, always witnessing as a Christian missionary and distributing tracts in the language of the people. A few years ago she visited Meshed on the Persian border of Afghanistan and looked across into tl:].e closed mountain land where no Christian missionary is allowed to enter. She tells in this article of her efforts in behalf of the Afghans and of her desire to go into that country, even though it may cost her her life. Miss de Mayer is a self-supporting missionary and has devoted much of her time and money to the translation and distribution of the Gospel and other Christian literature in various languages. We hope that friends who read this article will join in earnest prayer for Miss de Mayer and the work she is doing.-THI~ EDITOR.

MAiNYmissionaries to Mohammedans 'Seemed to hear the crack in the "Walls of Jericho" in the brief newspaper report that the Ameer of Afghanistan had taken Merw, the chief town and ancient Capital of Tllrcomania, now a part of Turkistan. If the Turooman:s should become incorporated into Afghanistan, if Koushka and Karky-formterly Afghan towns, but for the last decades Russian border fortresses should also return to their former principality, this must mean that the isolation of Afghanistan is nearing its end. This would be the "crack" in the northern walls of the Afghan Jericho.

The Turcomans have always been knoWn for their independent spirit, being rather indifferent Mohammedans, very prone to appropriate European ways and Russian education. Can we then expect them to agree to isolation from Chri"stian–.or Western civilization, such as is encumbent on the subjects of the AmeerT Will the Afghans around Koushka and especially Karky,. who have for years freely mixed with infidel merchantmen, soldiers and officials, submit to the exclusion of any relation with the "Kafir," which was their status before Russia took by peaceable force these Afghan

border townsfI do not think so. I would call the Ameer's invasion of Turcomania a "victory of Pyrrhus"-one which, though outwardly a success, means a sapping of the victor's vital forces.

Some of us have for years been going .around .Afghani-stan as the Israelites march around Jericho-silently, seemingly foolishly, accomplishing nothing apparently, but sticking to the God-given commission to encompass and ultimately enter the walled stronghold. We believe that we may soon see the whole state of things over there change, and-if the Lord tarrie'S-the young generation may find an open door into the land itself. ~he hopes, failures, sufferings and sacrifices of the older generations for Afghanistan may bear fruit. As soon as the Lord's commission for work amongst the Mo- hammedans of Russian Central Asia or Turkestan had come to me and had been fully accepted, the call of Afghanistan sOlUlded my heart. I do not know from whence the voice came-I did not know more about the land and people than did any other educated Russian:"""I had never read a book about it· and therefore from the first '1 took that call to be God-given. I began to work as an itinerant Bible-woman in Turkestan and all my strength, means and time were given to that new and needy field. But there was a distinct undercurrent in my soul which drew me towards Afghanistan. I decided to enter, not knowing at all what it involved.

In Russian territory it is necessary to have the Government's approval of all we undertake so that I always had my "papers" in g.ood order and acted as a loyal subject. But when the call of God overstepped the boundaries of political, or police regulations, I quietly overstepped them also. I sought an audience of the Government-General of Turkestan, General Samsonoff, and asked him whether the Russian Government had any objection to my entering Afghanistan with the Holy Scriptures. The General looked at me "Some time silently .and then said in a sneering tone: " Not the least! but you will find yourself dangling from the first tree over there!"

"Why ISO?" I asked, very much astonished. "Do you not know that no Christian, especially no Russian, is allowed to enter .A.fghani-stan 7" . "No, I did not know that." "Maybe you speak Persian so weU that you can disguise yourself under the purdah and pa'Ss yourself off for a Mohammedan WQllIl.all 7' , "Oh no!" said I, "even if I did speak well enough to pass for a native Mohammedan, I would not do so. That is not the right way for a Christian missionary to enter a Mohammedan country, No lie for mel"

AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN

"Well," he said, "it means death for you-good-bye." I was much puzzled but not in the least discouraged. I left the general and somehow felt that I had better not speak to anyone . else about my plan, but that I would set to its. accomplishment in the most quiet way. I had been, from my first appearance in Turkestan, an object of wonder and suspicion to the Russian officials and police. They could not understand why a lady who might lead an. easy life should take upon her the life of a "pedler for Christ's sake" amongst the despised Mohammedans, with all that such a life involved.' There was the continual fear in the official mind that some treachery was intended, since we were so near to India and the sphere of British influence. . ,About the same time I received a letter from a prominent missionary to Mohammedans, who had invited me to come to the Lucknow Conference in 1911. I had written to him that I would try to ,come through Afghanistan and in his reply he said: "If indeed you should come to Lucknow through Afghanistan-you would be the heroine of the Conference." This puzzled me more than the General's words and I decided not to mention Afghanistan any more to anyone. The thought of being made a "heroine" seemed worse' to me than dangling from a tree. With a consciousness of the Lord's approval in my heart, I set quietly to work to prepare for the task. I had to learn the Persian langua~ge, with which I could manage fairly well in Afghanistan. After the summer's itinerating was over, the late fall rains made traveling through the country nearly impracticable, and I resorted to Bokhara where I lived for some months in the Ajmeer'~ dispensary for women. Bokhara's reigning family was of Persian origin and although a bloody revolt against the prevailing influence of Persian officials had recently swept through the Khanat the Persian language is the accepted one and its derivatum-the "tadjick"-is used by the population. With great difficulty I found a teacher who really knew how to teach Persian, whil'St I acquired some knowledge of "tadjiek" by attending the dispensary. But the mollahs of Bokhara found out that I was a . missionary, although I was not able to do any work or even talk much a,t that tim,e, and insisted that I leave the town. They threatened to forbid the Mohammedan women to come to the dispensary if I stayed there. ~ went away and lived alternately at Samarkand and Tashkent, taking private lessons from a Persian Mirza who some years later became my collaborator in the tran'Slation of parts of the Scriptures and of religious tracts into the Sart language. At Tashkent I entered the officer's college of Oriental languages and made good progress. While there, by God's good providence, one of the teachers, an officer of Armenian descent, who some years before had traveled incognito throuJgh Northwestern India

and knew English fairly well, had been asked by the 'Chief of the General Staff to translate a Book on Mghanistan from English into Rus.sian. He asked me to go over his translation "With him and I was thus enabled to read the book and to gather much knowledge of the geography and history of Mghanistan. The minute map of the Russian General Staff also helped me to prepare to make myself at home in ,.A;fghanistan. I came to know the roads to Kabul as well as if I had trodden them already. I knew tha.t I would have to go for miles through barren :sand, slowly ascending toward the high mountain passes,by the wonderful mysterious human figures and faces cut into the rocks by unknown hands (some think by the army of Alexander the Great on his way to India). I would be burned by day by the fierce sun, chilled by the frost at night, in peril of robbers; traveling on and on till Bamian was reached and with it the more fertile river-fed plains. Then the road swerves to the East and brings one to Kabul, that forbidden town, a hot-bed of diseases, but surrounded by luxuriant vegetation. Then through the southeastern gate the road leads down to Djallalabad and through the mountains to the ridge of the tableland, and down the Khaibar-Pass into India! I knew at that time every large station from the Amou-Darya down to the Indian frontier, for I knew that I would not be allowed to carry a map with me-except I had it imprinted on my memory.

When summer came and the regular itinerant work through the villages of Turkestan began, the Lord sent me on a special errand to Patta-Hissar. I did not understand the meaning then, but it came out clear and gladdening after awhile, when I :Q.ad gone by faith down the dark path.

Patta-Hissar, or as the Russians call it-Termaze, is the southernm'Ost town of the Khanat of Bokhara, situated on the right bank of the river .Amou-Darya, which alone separates it from Mghanistan. The same barren sandy desert with low hills 'Stretches on both sides of the river. My heart was strangely moved· when, after six days of lonely travel through the Khanat, I reached the river and looked across to the land of my deep desire and purpose. With God's help I would open through it a trail for the messengers of Christ. By faith I took possession of that dreary looking land-'barren and clesed, but included in 'our Lord's commission to his disciples and in his plan of Salvation for the world.

I went around the bazaar in that part of the fortress Patta- Hissar which was outside the big gates and where the "crethi and plethi, " alike in every oriental town, led their drowsy life; my Scripture parts for Mohammedans, Jews, Grousinians, Armenians, and Russians, were eagerly accepted. I visited also the caravanserai for Afghans and distributed Scripture parts in Pashtou, their 'native language.

I had met with the Afghans before in nearly every town of the West and in Middle Turkestan: I had tried to come in contact with them in order to find out how to approach them best. They were very different from the Mohart:m1edans of Turkestan: not clean shaven, but with long unkempt hair, protruding from under an unorderly wound turban, mostly unwashed; with white baggy trousers and tight jacket.s adorned with bra-ss buttons. They do not have their wives with them-I have never seen an Afghan woman. Their features are sharp cut with big, mostly hooked, noses, in sharp contrast to the large fiat Mongolian face of the Sart and also with the more delicate features and remarkably fine noses of those who claim Persiau or even Arabic blood. The .A)fghan nearly always will meet you with the -suspicious and con- temptuous glance of one who is looking at a possible foe and at an unmistakable "Kafir." I was thus acquainted with the defiant glance with which the Afghans at the caravan-serai at Patta- Bissar met me, but I knew also that I had turned some of them into friendliness.

On the steamer which took me from Patta-Hissar down the Amou-Darya to the old town of T-shardjouy, I met a miserable group of pilgrims from Mecca. They had returned by way of India and Afghanistan and complained bitterly of the cruelty and greed of their co-religionnaires, whom they cursed as if they were infidels. From this "accidental" meeting bprang forth the work amongst pilgrims and my journey to Jidda (Djeddah) on a pilgrim ship.

This jQurney to the seaport of Mecca was a most interesting experien~. We carried between the ports of the Black Sea and Jidda 5;000 Hohammedans from Kashgar, T'urke-stan, Afghanistan, Persia and t1tc Caucasus. ,Each party was assigned its place in the bowels of the big ship-and the .Afghans, who seem to be looked upon by our Turkestan people as the pariahs amongst the Mohammedans of that part of the world, had their place in the lowest and worst part of the' steamer. I was on board as "Sister of Mercy" for the pilgrims. There were also some Russian men appointed to care for the sick pilgrim;s and when these refused point blank to have anythitig to do with the Afghans, I gladly took them over, one and all, as my special charge. I wa-s at first greeted by the scowl showing' snspicion and aversion to the Ohristian woman but they came quickly to understand that I was their friend and allowed me to care for their sick ones. .

I remember especially two of them, an old Mullah, whom I had treated for his rheumatisniand who came to like me as if I was his daughter, and a young man whose "SOre foot had been cared for by the surgeon. When we reached Jidda, and the party of about 40 men em~

harked on the picturesque Arab sailing boat that was to carry them to the desired port, they gave me such a hearty fa.rewell, with so many "Salaam!" "barakallah" and ".Allah rasy boulsoun!" that my heart was ctheered through and through at this" earnest of good things to come!"

Eiarly 'Spring found me again in Turkestan at Bible work. Being independent of any Mission Board, I could go wherever "the Spirit blew me to." So I went up to Koushka to reach the inhabitants of that fortress, but ~specially the ,Afghans, who might live there. Koushka was the farthest Russian outpost in the direction of Herat and is practically on Afghan soil. Mter a night's journey from Merw up the river Pe~d, at dawn we had clj,mbed a defile whose upper end was shu,t up by mountains and in front of them was the fortress. A gem], 'armes entered the car and asked for my passport, just as at any frontier to a foreign country. When we approached the fortress, which was closed in by high whitewashed walls, a big brass gate swung open and closed again behind us.

It was an ill-famed place-feared by the Russian officers and officials for its deadly malaria and bad boils; a dreary, ba.rren mountain pass. I obtained a permit for itinerating through the fortress with the Scriptures, after that the Mohammedan interpreter of the Chief of Police had testified to my books being indeed "shareef"- sacred ones. I was told that no Mghan was allowed to live inside the fortress walls and I obtained an extra permit to visit a small settlement outside the fortress where two kinds .of "pariahs" were located-the Afghans and the public women of the place-each group living by itself in several miserable looking sheds! .All of them gave me a kind greeting and a hearing, and I left with them-in Russian for the women and in Pushtu for the men-" The Words of Life and Hope."

While traveling thousands of miles up and down the vast country of Central Asiar-from the Caspian Sea to near the Western· border of Chinese Turkestan and spreading thousands of Scriptures and tracts in twenty-two languages; coming in touCh with thousands of souls, I was always on the lookout for .,Afghans and tried to talk with them as often as they would allow me. Thus I obtained much information concerning their country, its habits and customs, and about their .Aimeer of whom they seemed proud.

Once a fine looking Afghan introduced himself to me as, "a. Prince from the tribe of Benjamin' '-a remark not void of interest especially in these days, when some believe in the identity of the Mghans with the so-called "ten lost tribes of IsraeL" How natural it seems to look for them-or part of them-in Mghanistan,' whereto they may have wandered from north Persia and Kurdistan, their primary 'place of exile! The semitic type of their fea-

AT TIlE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN

tures, their longhair, the custom of stoning for adultery, the 'Sprinkling of lamb's blood-all seem to corroborate that statement, and most certainly that" Prince" did not know that he was bordering on a'much disputed theme!

My experience in 1912 among pilgrim'S on board the steamer and at Jidda proved useful to me. The report of kindness shown there found its way to the far-away villages of Turkestan, as by more than one party I was recognized and hailed as "the Christian woman who ministered to our women and men during the Pilgrimage. " Again several times I wa:s asked to protect and help such and such a one if I shl'lUld meet' him during next year's "Hadjj" at Jidda. I concluded that the Afghans with whom I came into friendly touch, as for instance the Afghan pa.rty on the pilgrim ship, might also prepare a kindly feeling for the Christian woman should she venture to enter· their forbidden country. "Bread thrown on the water" will, be found SO'lll.e time at some place in an hour of need.

An Afghan whom I met at Karky on the Afghan frontier might well be a good herald of the Christian worker. I saw him sitting on the street, miserable and sick looking, his throat wrapped in dirty rags. To my friendly greeting he replied only by the usual scowl and suspicious glance. As I passed by him day after day, he came to look on me in a softer way and allowed me to Know what was the matter with his throat. Behold! a week later the astonished neighbors-all of them Mohammedans also-saw the once 'Spiteful Afghan climb into a cab with the Christian woman and be driven to the Russian Hospital. As I left him in the doc~ tor's hands a.nd wished him good-bye-the farewell look he gave me was greaHy' difiierent from the one with which he greeted me at our first meeting! As the Afghans that I had met in Bokhara and in Central Turkestan naturally came from the northern part of Afghanistan, through which I hoped to make my entrance into that country, I reckoned that they might serve me in their turn by witnessing to their fellow villagers to the kindnes'S of the "kafir" woman.

During these years there came also a preparation of a more intimate nature. I had to be made willing in my deepest soul to undergo the sufferings, abuses aud privations, which the entering of Afghanistan would bring to me. I had by this time heard and read of the filthy dungeons, the cruel tortures practiced on prisoners and as the crowning end-lithe dangling from a tree." I set myself with much prayer to face these horrors and to accept them if called upon to do so. It was easier for the soul and will, than for the quaking flesh, but with God's help I came to a. point where I had overcome the fear of what might befall me in Afghani~tan. . , At last, in the spring of 1914, the time to go forth seemed to

have CQIne. In 1913 I had been a second time in Jidda, and my faith had been mightily strengthened by the open door the Lord had given at that place, which had seemed closed. I decided unller God to go to. Jidda to work at the time of the pilgrimage by way of Afghanistan. I did not take my friends or family into my plans for it seemed wisest to act quietly. In order to know exactly what might happen at Patta-Hissar, the last point this side of Afghanistan where I would have to cross the river Amon-Darya for the Afghanshore, I took another trip, with Scriptures, through the, Khanat of Bokhara and interviewed the official at Patta-Hissar who had to "vise" the passport of the pilgrims crossing over to Afghanistan. I did not tell him of my intention, but while talking to him I obtained the needed information. When I asked him in a casual way whether he would refuse his "vise" to a Christian who wanted to go to Afghanistan, he laughed and said he would "vise" a Christian's passport just as well as that of a Mohammedan, but of course the whole responsibility of what might happen over there would lie on the Christian who was fool enough to risk his life by such a step. This was enough for me. I knew now that the one difficu'ty which I had f.oreseen on this side of the Afghan shore-a refusal of the Russian authorities to allow me to cross-did not exist.

I returned to Turkestan and prepared to join a party of pilgrims on their way through Bokhara to the crossing of the Amon- Darya at Patta-Hissar. I chose a party of Kashgarys, as their women go about unveiled, and I liad decided not to veil my face, although I would wear the dress of Mohamunedan woOmen. I hoped to be less noticed at least on landing on the Afghan shore, if I mixed with the women from Kashgar. From the beginning I would frankly tell the party I joined that I was a Christian "tabib" going with them to Jidda in order to help their fellow pilgrims. In Afghanistan also I would start medical treatment of whosoever might need such assistance. I hoped with the Lord's help eventnally to reach Kabul. In order to establish my identity before the officials at the villages through which I would pass, and before the Ameer himself-who was kept informed of everything, and < especially would know at once ().f the appearance on Afghan soil of a Christian woman. I had a paper written in Persian composed by my esteemed friend old Mullah Fazil Begh of Osh, the town from which starts the narrow caravan road up to Kashgar and the Pamirs. My friend shook his head at my request but being a spiritually-minded man, and understanding people with a "vision" h~ finally consented to compose an elaborate letter addressing the Ameer in the proper way and stating my purpose; to cross Afghanistan with a party of pilgriUlS and to go on with them to Jidda. I was described in true oriental style as "noble and learned" yet

AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN 873-

"poor and humble." But the quintessence of the letter was in the short frank statement-" Noussrany-am"-" I am a Christian." No fraud, no compromise; and my heart was thrilled by the hope that I might be favored to stand before the Ameer with a testimony to my blessed Lord.

This precious introductory letter secured, I looked up my friend the Persian Mirzah at Sarrnarkand and asked him to' find, in the Persian colony nearby, a young boy to accompany me and to take care of my horse. None could be found willing to venture on that hazardous undertaking-and it was well after all. At Bokhara I made my last preparations. A Sart woman's gray overgarment was provided, two camel bags, one filled with medicines and some canned goods, the other for my few personal belongings appropriate to intense heat in the day and frost at night. Some money had been sent by me to the Church Mission Society Hospital at Peshawar; so tha,t I might be able to go on when the Lord should have brought me safely through the "Lion's Den."

I had knowledge of a party of Kashga,r Pilgrims on their way to Patta-Hissar and I ordered a two-wheeled native cart to take me to a town in Mid-Bokhara where I intended joining this party. I hoped to ingratiate myself with them before we should reach Patta-Hissar and the critical moment of crossing the river together should come. Once on the ferry-boat, which was to bring me to the shore of Afghanistan, I had no thought nor plans for what would follow. The Lord had given me the peaceful heart which was stayed on Him and I trusted Him to bring about His will in this journey. Except my two Mullah-friends, and two Russian ladies at the Ameer of Bokhara's Hospital, no one knew of my undertaking. I thought it best to enter, cross and emerge at Peshawar, or to rest quietly in the prayed-for land till the Day of Resurrection.

But the Lord (<€cided. otherwise! A disease which I had acquired during my travels in most trying and unhygienic conditions, which I had first ignored, and then fought during the preparation for my journey, suddenly developed to 'Such a degree that after I had done all that human skill could do, the Lord met me one night and gently took the whole campaign out of my reach-for a time only, the Lord willing! The fact that I could give over to Him, with tears but with peace in my heart, this passionately beloved and long prayed-for purpose, proved to me that it was the Master's hand who put it aside.

Was that all that came out of a purpose of years7 Did all come to nothingT Was this a waste of spiritual and bodily 'Strength? Abraham the friend of God, also girded his loins bodily and spiritually to obey his God by sacrificing Isaac, the Son of Promise. But when he ha~ proved to Him who searcheth hearts

the willingness to go to the very limit of sacrifice, GDd unexpectedly stepped in and gently gave the son back to his father. What had come out ·of this underta,king~ Let everybody who is seeking to walk in the footsteps of Abraham te'Stify to the blessing that his faith and obedience have meant to his spiritual life!

For the first time I have told about these happenings j they are part of my inner walk with God. But I tell them now, hoping that some soul, to whom God may have given a vision and a call to a like task, may be strengthened to hold on and to push forward.

To the missionaries around .Afghanistan, for whom I have been praying for years., as for my much 'Superior fellow workers to whom I am unknown, I send my greetings in the hope that the Lord will yet bring me back to the point where He stopped me and that, together with Peshawar and Meshed, Patta-Hissar may be flung open to the messengers of the Lord Jesus Christ.

PRAYER AND POWER HLDawv'1 "H <UIL'1VM. dOHSIIl All Has the Church its pristine power in prayer? If not, why not? -On the foreign field the missionary Church seems to have the power, bilt at home they seem to have lost the art and power of prayer. What weakens prayer life and saps power? 1. Haste, that leads to neglect of prayer life. 2. Preoccupation. iVe are often too busy with the work of God to seek the power of God. 3. Adherence to the letter of the law and loss oi the dynamic of love. 4. Decay of faith. There must be a daring faith if we would command the resources of God. We should earnestly pray: l. That God may be made more real to us. 2. That our sensibilities may not be blunted by sin and tragedy on the one hand, or by abounding grace on the other. 3. That the Church may be aroused to measure up to the extraordinary demands upon her. "Pray ye the Lord of the harvest." 4. That faith may be given us to explore the regions of grace and to discover the fulness of Christ.

A PRAYER OF THE APOSTLE PAUL "I bow my knees unto the Father. . ',' that He would grant unto you, according to the riches of His glory, that ye may be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inward man; that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; to the end that ye, being rooted and grounded in love, may be strong to apprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length ,and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ which passeth knowledge, that ye may be filled with all the fulness of God." . Letter to the Ephesians. 3; 14 to 19.

A GROUP OF MISSIONARY WORKE;RS WHO TOOK PARTIN 'I'HE MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN

DEBATE AND PAGEAN'l' IN COLUMBUS A Moslem-Christian Debate The Discussion of Religious Proble,ntS by a Christian Missionary and a Moslem Sheikh BY REV. H. E. PHILLIPS, 'fANTA, EGYPT Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church At the Methodist Centenary Exposition in Columbus last year one of the most interesting features was the daily debate between a Mohammedan and a Christian missionary. Audiences gathered an hour or more before the tilpe for the debate in order not to miss this interesting and stimulating dialogue. The questions asked by the Mohammedan and the objectioll3 made to the Christian -teachi ng were very true to life and the answers by the missionary were skilful, if not always wholly convincing to his opponent. So much interest was aroused that we have asked the leader of these debates, who usually represented the Mohammedan, Rev. H. E. Phillips of the American Mission in Tanta, Egypt, to write out the substance of a typical debate between a Mohammedan and a missionary. It is, of course, impossible to make this as full as it could be made in the successive mornings at Columbus, and there is lacking the interpretation given by the inflection of the voice and the expression of the face. It is. however, well worth reading. Some churches may find it useful in preparing a similar debate for a missionary meeting, asking two individuals to take the parts of the Mohammedan and the Christian respectively. For -this purpose we have had a page of suggestions added as to the problems raised by the Mohammedan. Answers to these problems can be found in such books as those by Dr. Zwemer and others on missions among these followers of the Prophet of Arabia.-THE EDITOR.

875

T HE missionary is busily engaged in his study when a Muslim sheikh who has been to visit him onC6 before enters. Repeated salutations follow: "May your day be happy."

"May your day be happy and blessed."

"How is your health?"- "May God keep you."

When other greetings have been exchanged the sheikh seats himself, and after a cup of Turkish coffee the conversation turns to things religious. '

Missionary.-When you visited me last week you promised me that you would read the gospel which I gave you some time ago.

Have you been reading the book? How did you enjoy it'

Muslim.-Yes I have been reading the book, but excuse me for saying it to you' directly, I have found it most unconvincing.

Missionary-Indeed: Did you not find it true to life and full of human interest? Did it not seem like a true record of what must have taken place when Jesus was on earth'

Muslim.–O yes, interesting enough. I found many things that interested me. I was particularly interested in the contradictions which I found.

Missionary.-Contradictions! Why, I assure you, my dear friend, there are no contradictions in the gospel. There are some things difficult to understand without much study, it is true. But tell me all about it.

Muslim.-Excuse me for saying it to you, but I find many con- tradictions. Not only does your gospel contradict the honorable Koran which came directly from heaven to be a guide for men, sent down upon the Prophet Mohammed (The prayers of God and his peace be upon him), but it contradicts itself. Moreover it COD- tradicts many of the statements you have made about the prophet Jesus and the Christian religion.

Missionary.-In order to understand your viewpoint, I must ask you to be explicit. Just where did you find what seemed to you to be contradictions T "

Muslim.-When you gave me the book some time ago you asked me to read it. I did not tell you at the time, but could have told you, that I have had a copy of the New Testament for a long time and have read a large portion of it and I think I can prove to you from your own book that your whole religious system is on a flllse basis and is wrong throughout.

Missionary.-At least I am glad you have been reading the book,-but continue. I want to learn your difficulties. Muslim.-Very well. I heard you say in one of your sermons recently-when I happened to drop in to hear your address-I heard-you· say that there is one God, and almost immediately you

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE 87'1

referred to the prophet Jesus as "Our Lord." I was the only Muslim pre'Sent and did not want to disturb your meeting so did not reply at the time, but when I reached my house I tookuP'Yonr gospel to see if I could determine just what you do teach. I found the book quite as misleading as the various statements of the Christians about God and especially a,bout Jesus. For example, I found the statement that he knew all things, but I found in another place that he said himself he did not know the time of his return to the earth. Whoever wrote the book reports Jesus as saying that he and the Father are one while in another•place I found the explicit 'Statement from Jesus himself that the Father is greater. I find that Jesus said that no man had ever seen ,Aillah and yet the . writer, whoever he was, says that God spoke dire,ctly out of heaven to Jesus and called him his son. God forbid! Could Allah have a wife' It is most abhorrent to us ¥oslems to think that God could have a son. "Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds. He begetteth not, neither is begotten, and there is not any like unto him." (Koran). Of course I can excuse you somewhat, for we all know and admit that the gospel has been corrupted and changed to suit Christian doctrines, and naturally those who do not know that fact have confused ideas on all the subjects of religion. We know that you do not have the original gospel that came down on the prophet Jesus. It is really laughable to hear you talking about one God and then immediately you talk about three Gods. Really now, where is the consistency in saying that one is three and three are one? That neither agrees with the laws of arithmetic nor of reason. Then you try to make God be a god and a man at the same time. Any reasonable man knows that it is impossible. Moreover the honorable Koran which came down upon the prophet Mohammed (The prayers of God and his peace be upon him) teaches us that "there is no God but God and Mohammed is the prophet of God." (The Moslem creed).

Missionary.-Let us take one thing at a time, Sheikh Abdullah. You see- Muslim.-You say you worship the one God and yet you call Jesus, sometimes God, sometimes Son of God, -sometimes Son .of man, until one wonders not how many Gods but how many Jesuses you have.

Missionary.-I am sure there need be no confusion as to there being more than one Christ in the gospel record and if you will give me opportunity I -shaU endeavor to tell you what we mean when we speak of our Lord Jesus Christ as the Son of God. You know and admit that there are many things in- Muslim.-That is just what I cannot admit. No Muslim will ever admit that the prophet Jesus is Lord. What right has any man to give God an associate ¥ It is absurd to call a man Lord.

Of course we Muslims honor the prophet Jesus (The, prayers of God and his peace be upon him) and we know that he was the greatest of the prophets except Mohammed. We know that the gospel came down upon him. Yes, yes, we honor him more highly than do you. But he was never crucified as you say. God would never permit a prophet to die such a shameful death. But to call him "God" or "Lord"! God forbid that I should ever blaspheme the name of God by associating anyone with him.

Missionary.-Patience, patience, Sheikh Abdullah. Is this going to be a discus,sion .or an oration ~ You are rushing ahead at a terrible rate and when you finish I fear you will conclude that the arguments are all on your side and you will leave without my having expressed my views on these matters at aU. Let me say that you have introduced enough subjects to keep us discu:ssing a week, not one evening.

Muslim.-Well, everyone of these things which I have mentioned is denied in the honorable Koran and that settles all questions of dispute. Your scriptures are corrupted. You have all sorts of Bibles and they do not agree with one another. One of my friends, Sheikh Ahmed, who di'Scusses with you sometimes, says that you even admitted to him that there are differences between your Bible and the one used by Roman Catholics. My son who is graduating this year from medical college in America,-and he knows English very well-tells me that there are many kinds of Bibles in English and all us,ed by you Protestants. How is this 1 He said that a few years ago a number of Elnglish and American scholars rewrote the whole Bible and changed many, many words in it and even left out whole s·entences.· God forbid that any such· fate should ever befall the honorable Koran which is God's Word sent down for the guidance of men. Now tell me. Is it true that those profes'SOrs really did change the Bible, and if they did would you use one of these mutilated books 7 Missionary.-I fear we shall never arrive anywhere in our discussion if you do not allow me either to affirm or deny some of your statements. You know, Sheikh Abdullah, that a discussion is a conversation on one subject between two or more persons. If we are going to get the most good out of this discussion we must exchange views.

Muslim.-O certainly, certainly. Excuse me. May it please you to proceed.

·Missionary.-Yiou have introduced so many subjects I scarcely know where to begin. Just where do you find your greatest difficulty?

Muslim.-The Trinity. I a'Sked you about that first of all and you did not answer me. Moreover are there not Christians who deny that there are three gods T Until you can agree, why do you

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

try to get us to believe in your particular sect 1 How can one be three and three be one?

Missionary.-Your questions at least have the merit this time of all being on the same general subject. Now, Sheikh Abdullah, I want you to be fair with me. You gave me no opportunity to answer you. First of all let me say that no Christian denies the full deity of Jesus Christ. True some who deny that truth call themselves Christians, but would you call a man a Mohammedan who denied that Mohammed was a prophet' You certainly would not. -,Christianity is a life, not a profession and ~e teach and believe that entrance into this life is accomplished through a miraculous experience called the "new birth." Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God, and anyone who denies the full deity of Jesus Christ is not a Ohristian in any way, whatever he may profess. – There is no disagreement among the great body of Christians on this point, however we may disagree on minor things.

Muslim.-The only thing I know about this life of which you 8peak is what I see in these wicked Ohristian traders who are trying to debauch our country with their vile liquors and so destroy the teachings of the honorable Koran. A curse be upon them. But go on, tell me how three can be one and one three. May it please you to proceed.

Missionary-I am averse to discu:ssing this subject with one who has not read the whole gospel, and who has not given the Spirit of God an opportunity to show him this <great truth.

Muslim.-I have read most of the gospel. May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-May I ask you to continue to read the gospel and with a mind open to the guidance of the Holy Spirit of God.

Muslim.-The Holy Spirit is the angel Gabriel. Do you uot believe that1 Missionary.-No, Sheikh Abdullah, we disagree on that point too, but let us not be carried off on a tangent. Will you kindly allow me ·to lead the conversation for a while f Muslim.-May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-I think we agree that there is much in religion that is mysterious and beyond our understanding. You believe many things aoout God and about nature that you do not understand. We accept much on faith or are given proofs so overwhelming that we are compelled to believe much that is beyond our (lQlIl1prehension.

Muslim.-I cannot believe what I do not understand unless it has been sent down by God by one of his Prophets. Since the Koran abrogates all that preceded it I must believe only what is revealed or denied therein. It denies that Jesus is Son of God and

forbids us to associate any with God. I refuse· to believe what carulOt be demonstrated. You ask me to a.ccept- .

Missionary.-By your clemency, Skeikh Abdullah. Do be patient. I have not asked you to accept anything thus far. But listen. D!o you understand the processes of life1 Do you under- 8tand how a man eats bread· and it becomes a part of his bodyT Can you explain why an egg placed under the breast of the mother hen after twenty-one days become a chick, with a perfect organism of flesh and bones' .

Muslim.-I must admit that there are many things in nature . I do not understand. .

MissiofUl.r'y.-Not only so, but when we combine the natural with the spiritual, the mystery deepens and every believer in a higher power, however careful he may be as a thinker, is compelled to staud in worshipful wonder before the mighty works of God.

It behooves us to be very careful how we state that we will not believe what we cannot comprehend. Is it not true honorable Sheikh"

Muslim.-May it plea'Se you to proceed.

Missionary.-,Almost all things known to our experience exist in composite form. Man himself is a trinity of body, soul and spirit. I do not understand it but I b€lieve it, partly because of my own consciousness and my own thinking, but principally be- cause it is stated in the Word of God. Now when a man dies, does the whole man die, or only the bodyT We agree as to that, but neither of us understan~s the mystery of death or of resurrection, although we both believe that we are to have resurrection bomes.

It is all a matter of faith, not of understanding.

Muslim.-Yes, yes, I quite believe all that, but you must re- member that God cannot be compared with man.

MissiofUl.ry.-Most assuredly; Sheikh Abdullah, but I am using man only as an illustration of two points in my argument. First we believe much that we cannot understand, and second a trinity may exist in something known to us as a single object. N.ow let us take another step. You say your son is almost through medical college. Ask him and he will tell you that water is composed of two gases called oxygen and hydrogen. He will tell you that salt which is good for food is composed of two most destructive ma- terials known as sodium and chlorine. You read, did you not, of the use of poisonous chlorine gas in the late war1 It can be made from salt.

Muslim.-Strange, strange, all this. But are you sureT Missiona1'y.-Indeed I am sure. Go down with me some day to the secondary schools here in the city and we .will ask the pro- fessor to demonstrate some of these things for us. It is true of everything we see and touch. It all eJtists in composition.

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

Muslim.-Yes but if that is all true, when you separate them you get something .else not the original 'Substance.

Missionary.-I am glad you make that statement. It oilly gives my illustration added force. I spoke of the destructive power of chlorine and of sodium which are found in our common table salt. Sodium would burn your flesh like fire and chlorine gas would strangle you to death in a few minutes. In like manner if you attempt to separate the Godhead, denying either to the Son or to the Holy Spirit his rightful place and glory you get a conception of God that is not God at all. YlOu will excuse me if I say plainly to you as a friend that the Moslem conception of God is different from the Christian conception altogether, and it is so because Mohammed refused Jesus Christ his rightful place in the Godhead.

Muslim.-What do you mean sid Do you mean to insinuate that we Moslems do not worship the one true God 7 Missionary.-Again I must ask your patience, Honorable Sheikh. You are responsible for that interpretation of my remark, not I. You agree that our concepts are different do you. not 7 Muslim.-WE worship the one true God. The God of Abraham and Ishmael and of Mohammed is our God. To us it is blasphemy to associate anyone with God.

Missionary.-Quite so, Honorable Sheikh. But when you think of God you think of him as a great being who is not much concerned with the affairs of men. He created some for fire and some for the joys of Paradise and your book quotes him saying "I care not." You thus make him a great monarch who is not concerned about the salvation of sinful men. Now we know God as a great and mighty ruler, but because He ha-s revealed himself through Jesus Christ we also know Him as a loving Father. You have ninety-nine beautiful names for God yet I do not find among them all either "Love" or "Father." Our word gospel means "good news" and the good news contained in it is that although we have all sinned and come short of the glory of God, nevertheless we are reconciled to God through the dealh of His Son.

Muslim.-Bla'Sphemy! Even ~f I could admit that Jesus was the Son of God as you say, I never could believe that God would allow him to be slain. The honorable Koran says that Jesus did not die. We honor him more than you do. How could God allow the prophet Jesus to be slain 1 Could he kill a holy prophet because another man sinnedT God forbid!

Missionary-That is the very thing I want most to tell you, Sheikh Abdullah.

M~lim.-I think I must be going. I have an engagement. Missionary.-It is still early. Perhaps you can wait long enough to listen to one illustration of the Trinity. That is the thing for which you seem most anxious. This illustration has helped me,

and I believe others, to understand something of this great mystery.

Will you wait 1 .

Muslim.-May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-Here we are in a large city. We have electricity.

It is a great blessing. I think you light your mosque with electric lights on special occasions, do you not~ Now electricity is a very mysteriol1"s power. Even the best electricians do not understand it. Here is a wire which runs through all my house. It is charged with a current from the power house. What do you call that cur- rent?

Muslim.-We call it electricity.

Missionary.-Very well. I turn this key on the wall and the room is filled with light. What do you call that light as dis- tinguished from the light of a candle or an oil lamp.

Muslim.-We call it electricity.

Missionary.-Notice this quality in the light. It does not change while the connection is on. It is a visible expression of the something we call electricity. You say it is electricity and you are quite right in oalling it by that name. But hold a moment. Here is an electric iron which some one gave us as a present. Inside this ir.on ,are some wires coiled about on the bottom covering the whole surface. I remove one of the lamps and insert. the connec- tion attached to the iron. Will you kindly hold the iron in your hand while I do it ~ Now what do you think will happen 1 Will we get a light in the iron? Just touch the bottom of the iron and see if you notice any change.

Muslim.-By the beard of the prophet! It is quite warm. How is this? Strange! Strange indeed!

Missionary.-I cannot explain it all to you, Sheikh Abdullah.

It is one of those mysteries that you said you would not believe without understanding. But I want you to see my point. Is it just as legitimate to call that heat electricity as it was to call the light electricity?

Muslim.-I presume we must call it by the. same name. I know of no other.

Missionary.-Very well you call the heat and light by one name and yet Sheikh Abdullah, are you not able to distinguish between light and heat?

Muslim.-O certainly, I can distinguish between thpm but- Missionary-But what? You call the heat electricity just as a moment ago you called the light electricity. ,And you were right.

They are both an expression of what travels along that wire. Now go one step farther and the illustration is complete. You have seen the heavy cars on the street railway as they come and go in the city.. What moves them 1 Again you ans.wer electricity. You can light the car till it is almost as light as day without getting any

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

motion. You can heat it till the iron is red and the wood is consumed and it will not move one inch. So you cannot say that either heat or light moves the car. Yet out of the same cable that produces the light and the hea,t comes also the power that carrie'S it across the city. Now Sheikh Abdullah I want you to see in all this a picture of Nature's God and I want you to know Him in His fullness as far as He has revealed Himself to men. I want you to see that God is power, as you now believe; that He is the creator and preserver of this universe, which is much larger than we can know; and I want you to worship Him and give Him all the glory due to His holy name. But I want you to understand also that God is light and in Him is no darkness at all and that Jesus Chri'st is the manifestation of that light and that in manifesting the Father as light, He proved Himself to be one of that mysterious trinity that we call God. I want you to hold your life open to that Holy Spirit of God who is burning into your religious consciousness these great truths which we have so imperfectly brought to you today. I invite you to believe in the One God who has revealed himself as the God of power and of light and heat, if you please, in the persons of Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Muslim.-It is all very strange and wonderful. I shall see what the Koran has to sav about it.

Missionary.-Now pl~ase, Sheikh Abdullah, promise me you' will read the Gospel through.

Musli,m. Yes, yes. I shall look into it some more. Now I must be going.

SOME MOSLEM DIFFICULTIES The following are some of the statements about the Christian religion such as a Moslem is likely to make; also some of the 'questions a Moslem is likely to ask during a discussion. _ Your trinity is God (Allah), Mary and Jesus (Esa).

Things which distinguish Christianity from Judaism and Islam are all borrowed from heathen.

The idea of a trinity is found in Babylon and Assyria e. g. Merodach, his wife Zarpanitu and their son Nebo. (It would be a rare Moslem that could give any detail beyond first statement of heathen trinities.) An- cient Egyptians had trinity. Ammon, Mut, Khuns. Indian Trident- Shiva, Vishnu and Brahm. Persian mysteries had their baptism and a form of sacrament similar to Christian Lord's supper.

Aeneas in Virgil was son of a man and a goddess.

You call Mary mother of God. God was uncreated and could not have a mother. Could Almigbty God be confined in the body of a man?

"The Lord said unto my Lord." What God spoke and to whom did he speak? Cannot have a conversation between God and himself. You must have two gods.

"My God My God etc." 'What God was talking and to whom? How could God on the cross address God in heaven. Must conclude there are two gods.

You say Jesus is God. Who ran the universe when he was dead?

If Jesus died can you say a part of God died? Or did all of God die? 'Can you di vide God?

Who raised Jesus, himself or Allah?

How could God permit his son to die? If he was his son he would love him too much for that.

You say Christ became a curse for man. Would common criminal la.w permit a just man to die in the place of one who deserved the punish- ment? Unthinkable!

Was body and spirit and soul of Jesus, God? Did both body and spirit suffer or only body?

Then is God capable of injury and suffering?

You say God is a Spirit. How can a spirit become flesh?

Jesus disclaimed omniscience-liNa man knoweth the hour not even the Son."

Jesus disclaimed holiness more than that of a prophet.-"Why callest thou Me good."

Jesus disclaimed equality with Allah.-"My Father is greater than I."

Weare all sons of God. Jesus was Son of God only in that sense.

He claimed no other.

Can we say that God ate, slept, was tired, rode a donkey? You de- grade deity. .

When he died, did he really die? Where was his spirit? Koran says he did not die.

Contradictions.-"God is not a man that he should repent" so says your scripture, yet it says that He did repent 'WWny times.

Romans 4. Abraham "justified by faith etc." James 2. Abraham "justified by "works." Which are we to believe?

You have changed your scriptures. You cannot produce the orig- inal gospel.

Your own people no longer believe your Bible is Word of God. Ger- man scholarship denies it and French infidelity denies it, etc:, etc.

POWER OF GOD'S WORD IN MOROCCO . "A Moor, saw the text on the door of the Bible depot in Tangier: "Call upon Me in the day of trouble; I will deliver thee and thou shalt glorify Me." He came in to the place and asked: "Who spake those words, and where are they to be found?" Being told that God spake them through His servant David he asked to buy a copy of the book. Mr. Robert Stevens gave him a copy of the Psalms, which had the Gospel of Matthew bound with it, and drew his attention to Psalm 50: 15, and to Matthew 11: 28, "Come unto Me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.". .

"Ah, rest!" he said, "that is what the heart wants; no words like these are found in the Koran."

A.nother Moor, of the better class, came into the depot and said, "While everyone must admit that there is much good advice in the Koran, it cannot be compared to the Old and New T~staments; for while you read the Injil, you seem to feel that a living Person is in it, drawing you to Him."

Ideas of

BY PRESIDENT GEORGE E. WHITE, D. D.

Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turkey A MAN'S idea of God fixes his viewpoint for his theology and his theory as to his own place in this world and in the world to come. The Turks suppose that they are good Mohammedans and believe in the Allah of the Koran without addition to or subtraction from any of his attributes. Yet the conception of the Divine Ruler prevalent among any people may differ considerably from that which is presented in their orthodox scriptures.

Twentieth century Turks have drawn upon· at least two historical sources outside their sacred literature for their religious . conceptions. While· their standar~ theology has come with the literature of Mohammedanism from a foreign-that is an Arabian -origin, they retain some lingering remnants of the religious heritage brought by their forefathers out of the depths of central .Asia twenty generations ago. They have also been much influenced by their environment for six or seven centuries in Asia Minor, from whose earlier inhabitants, still an important section of society, the conquering Turks have absorbed so much blood and so much of their present character.

A 'TIurk thinks of God as very much like a magnified human sovereign. He believes that all good earthly government is monarchical and that all law has its ultimate authority in the person of the supreme ruler. Of the two leading forms of human government, the monarchical or military and the republican or parliamentary, the Turks have consistently maintained the former. Under this theory of administration every individual goes as high as he can, takes orders from the aothority next above, and passes them on to the ranks below. The YKlung. Turks in 1908 made an effort to establish representative institutions and to do things in the parliamentary way, but it was foreign to Turkish psychology and it failed. The old Turks represent the really characteristic ideas. They feel that the king or the caliph should be the real and unhampered monarch, that he may at any time reverse or revise his statutes, make exceptions in favor of individuals, or suspend the operation of any article of his code. A sovereign is expected to be arbitrary, sometimes capricious, if possible wise, but always powerful. He 'Should be keen in discerning the motives and .885

intents o£ men, and discriminating in awarding judgments and favors. He is expected to maintain a stately court, and yet to be accessible, at least at times, to the humblest of his people. His crowning virtues are mercy, clemency, compassion, and it matters little what claims of justice go unrequited if a cry for mercy is kindly met. The rulers of the "Arabian Nights" represented the ideal of monarchs of this character.

According to the Turk the ideal human ruler is surrounded by a company of courtiers and officers who contribute to his state, administer his affairs, and, if po"Ssible, anticipate his wants. The"Se functionaries have great influence with the monarch on the one hand, and each has his own feudal retainers on the other. Petitions are presented to the sovereign by means of some courtly satellite, and a wise suppliant endeavors to enlist in his behalf the good offices of some courtier whose influence is so 'great that the monarch cannot reject his request. If one can secure such a mediator, his suit is won in advance.

By natural analogy, then, the Turk"S think of God as the omnipotent Creator, Ruler, and Judge of all, a Being seated upon a high throne, far removed from the affairs of men, yet approachable to his favorites, and even to the humblest of his faithful subje<lts-these last being, of course, true Moslem believers. The Divine will, infinite and absolute, so embraces each infinitesimal human will that there is really no room to allow free sCl?pe to the latter at all. Turks are fatalists, and really hold that every event is determined for a man beforehand. Is he destined to fall in battle1-his body is proof against disease; has one the cholera1-to refrain from ea,ting green cucumbers for fear .of the consequences is lack of faith. It is not only unnecessary but impious to i"Solate a patient sick with some contagious disease for the will of God must be done. Does the true believer find himself in an unexpected place ~-he has water to drink there, and "the wa.ter draws him"; is he offered some delicacy to eaB-it was "appointed" to him. Is the Moslem irritated at alleged infidelity toward God above, or toward his theocratic representatives on earth1-he will indulge his passions by striking down men, women, and children in indiscriminate m,assacre, and comfort his soul with the assurance of some a"Strologer that he read all thes,e things in the stars five years before they happened; ask the astrologer if he could not have read some way to prevent such misery, and he will answer, "Oh, no, for it was all written in the immutable decrees of God."

After the massacre of 1895, in which thousands of Armenian lives went out in blood amid scenes that may not be described, the governor of a considerable city that had been given over to mob rule for four hours wa"S asked whether punish-

TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD

ment would be meted out to the perpetrators of such deeds. " Undoubtedly, undoubtedly," he replied, "every guilty man will meet with his misfortune. One will have a favorite cow die; another will lose an aunt by sickness; another will have a bowlegged son born; every man' will meet with misfortune suitable to his misdeeds." His respon'Sibility as the absolute governor never came to his mind.

Such fatalism, shared more or less by the Turks with all the people of the East, induces laziness, carelessness, and stagnation in both personal and public affairs. If everything is determined by fate, there is no room for human choi~; if there is no choice, there is no responsibility; and, without responsibility, there can be neither virtue nor vice, ground for neither praise nor blame, reward nor punishment.

Turks cannot, of course, carry out their creed with logical consistency. They feel the monitions of conscience, as all men must, and recognize themselves as in reality morally accountable; but the tendency of their faith is in the direction indicated. The outcome appears in the remark of a white-turbaned army chaplain: "Y'ou know God Almighty never requires anything of man the doing of which is hard." Think whither such doctrine would carry one in conduct! If the path of virtue appears hard, you cannot expect one to follow it. If anything seem'S easy and inviting, do it. If you have a point to gain by a lie, and do not take advantage of this means, you are hardly bright.

Sin and righteousness consist in obedience or disobedience to the Divine statutes,and, as these prescribe ritual ceremonies quite as much as ethical principles, one may be as guilty for not following correctly the prescribed rules for the washing of his hands before prayer, as, for lining his pockets with stolen gold, or for perverting justice under the influence of a bribe. Neither love to God or man, nor moral character, but ritual status, is taken as the ground of acceptance at the court of heaven. Confession is made with the mouth, and it matters little whether mind and heart agree thereto. Utterance of the formula, ' , There is no god but· Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet," gives the speaker all the rights of "the faithful," though the confession may have been forced and may be repudiated with all the heart. It is doubtful whether sin would be reckoned sin if the perpetrator were not caught. If one could bribe the gate-keeper, or gain back door entrance to heaven without the right of being there, God's leniency would be expected to triumph over his justice, and the man would be allowed to remain. • The Supreme Being, like an earthly monarch, is thought

of as surrounded by ministers of various ranks, who do his pleasure and have direct access to His presence. .AJngels of different sorts and names, among whom four are reckoned as preeminent, are reinforced'by the patriarchs and prophets of the Old Testament, and by' countless "saints" from among the devout of all lands and ages, or even by living men of outstanding reputation for sanctity. A great part of the religion of an average Turk, as is the case with many other Orientals, consists .in the endeavor so to enlist the favor of <me or more of these favorites at the throne of heaven in his behalf that he may be kept from harm, may ofl comfortable in life, and at death may be carried direct to Paradise. In the crises of life a Turk turns to God with prayer and sacrifice, but he presents his plea through the medium of some supposedly influential saint. Whether or not it has a mosque, almost every village has a shrine made sacred by the presence of a holy grave. The people of any given village repair to their shrine, and with individual or COll1lllunal worship endeavor to rouse their mediator to act in their behalf. Or, one may go a long journey to seek a famous sanctuary, or to present his petition through an intercessor who has the name of helping those in his particular plight. If a Turk suffers misfortune, and fears it may be due to his maltreatment of a Christian, he will resort to a Christian shrine, and pay the priest a fee to intercede in his behalf. Or if a Turkish woman learns that her Christian neighbor's child was healed from a disease after a pilgrimage to some church or monastery, she will take her child to the same place in hope of securing effectual intercession for the Moslem baby where God has already given proof of His acceptance of the worship. The idea in all such cases is that a given saint has such influence with the Supreme Ruler that his intercession must certainly 'Secure what is asked. If the exPected is withheld-God knows best.

. Turkish theology has nothing corresponding to the atonement of Christ, as manifesting God's abhorrence of sin and his winning love for the sinner, reconciling God and guilty man. Their prescription'S for a convicted sinner are three: he must repent of his misdeed, (at least repent of the conl'!equences), vow not to repeat the offense, (though he may yield to temptation later), and cast himself on the mercy of God. Vicarious substitution is recognized, but hardly in the Christian sense. One person may. receive a blow intended for another. If a percentage of men are destined to be unfortunate, when the quota' is made up the rest are exempt.

If real atonement be absent frOID Turkish theology, the supreme importance attached to mediation, interces'Sion, personal favor, has been perhaps sufficiently emphasized. Each little

man endeavors so to attach himself to the skirts of another greater and better than himself that he may be swept without successful challenge past every judgment bar. It is a selfish view, and begets selfish character. Soldiers in one division of an army are known to have been hungry, while in another division of the same army they were selling, and even burning provisions, because they had more than could be used. They lack the constraining love of Christ, that most powerfuJ. Christian motive, as they lack the reconciling work of Christ between man and God. And in spite of all their efforts, they seem to have no real confidence or satisfaction in any.

Turks speak with respect· of Jesus, and call him the '( Spirit of God," by which they mean that he was born without human father. They relate that the angel Gabriel appeared to the Virgin Mary, breathed upOn her, and announced that she should become the mother of the prophet Jesus. Thus conception took pI.ace, and thus Jesus is the "Spirit of God." . They place him in the series with Abraham and Moses, "of blessed memory," and hold that all were superseded by Mohammed.

But Christ is everything or nothing, and such respect for Him as is implied in the co~arison of his miracles with those of the semi-fabulous Arabian healer, Lokman, is hardly worth the -name. The term "Son of God" is a stumbling-block and an offense to them, partly because. of the habit of their' minds to fix on a physical relation, instead of a 'Sonship of character. Mohammedans deny the Son, and hence, as John says, (I John 2:23) they "have not the Father." They have "Ninety-nine Beautiful Names" for God, such as the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate, and the like, but they have no title meaning the Father, nor any signifying God is Love. They have no "Saviour" in the Christian sense of that term. Convicted by conscience of "Sin, dreading the awards of the future life, they strive to keep up enough of the form of piety to escape being caught in an unpardonable sin, and seek some mediator whose "influence" may be enough to get them safely through. They lack the impulses arising from personal loyalty to a worthy Master; they lack the relation arising from filial love to God the Father.

The following incident from a mosque gives a characteristic 'Turkish view of the obligation and relation of man toward God in the life of this world. The great mosque was full of men, and, the hoja eloquently depicted the majesty and the mercy of God, the frailties and the foibles of men. Men sin because they forget God~ he went on, and they forget God because they love the world too much. It is illustrated by a man walking over a plain, who finds himself pursued by a lion. Casting about for a place of safety, he finds a well with a platform about half

way down, on which he takes refuge. The lion comes to the mouth of the well above, and stands there roaring and waiting for his prey. There is also at the bottom of the well a great dragon with yawning mouth, ready to catch the man if he should fall. And as he looks he sees that two mice, one black and the other white,. creep out from the side of the well and begin to gnaw away the supports of the platform on which man finds his little brief irn;rnunity from destruction. But the man, by -some chance having with him food and drink, begins to eat and carouse, and make merry, with no thought of the horrors of his dangerous position.

This man, said the preacher, represents our human race. The plain is the world, through which we journey. The lion stands for the temptations that pursue us all with such fierceness. The dragon mean-s eternity, yawning beneath our feet. The black mouse and the white mouse signify day and night, or the flight of time, which will soon destroy the respite now granted 1;() us. But we, in our folly, ingtead of meditating on the solemn facts of existence devote ourselves to eating and drinking, to amusement and merry-making, enjoying life and forgetting God. And' then he said,-in e£fect,-May God Most High have mercy upon us, and deliver us from the world, the flesh, and the devil, while the crowded mosque rang with the cry of "Amin, amin, ,, and a thousand men rocked to and fro on their knees, and touched their foreheads to the floor in humble supplication.

,Mter the service was over a Mohammedan friend who had accompanied me to the mosque and myself were walki;'g away absorbeq in the worship that we had seen and heard.

"'J'hat was a good story," I remarked, "that the hoja told." "Yes," he said, "It was· a very good story."

"It -seems to me that there was one thing left out."

"What was that1" he asked. "There is no doubt that mankind in the life of this world is pursued. by vari.ous temptations, that eternity is yawning beneath our feet, that we have but a little respite before the flight of time will carry us away. But the question is, how we are to escape from these dangers. I did not observe that the preacher said anything about that, did you 7" ~'Why no," he replied. "Well," I said, "You are a. Mohammedan. Now what would you say, what idea have you about the way of escape from sin and its consequences ~" "I declare," he said "I do not know." Mohammedanism does not. know. It has no effective offer to make to a sinner who seeks salvation. Mohammedanism has no Redeemer.

Things OUf Missionaries

Communications from the Frontiers, telling of the kind of equip- ment that increases Missionary Efficiency.

FAR FROM THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY I N THE days when war news filled the papers, when sons and daughters were enduring the discomforts, the hardships and dangers of the training camps and the trenches, the parents, brothers and sisters at home counted it a privilege and a joy to spend hours knitting and sewing for the soldiers and sailors; or to spend dollars lavishly to supply every possible need of those who had responded to the call of God and humanity. Lives were saved by warm clothing that the government did not supply, and life was made more endurable by the contents of packets sent to the front. If there were sugges,tions that the efficiency of our representatives in the army was impaired by the lack of equipment, every effort was immediately made to supply the need.

Similar motives would lead Christians at home in the midst of the great world carrnpaign for the establishment of Christian truth and the spread of the Gospel of Life. to wish to share with the missipnaries on the frontiers the life of sacrifice, and to supply every pos'Sible material aid to make their work effective.

The following communications from missionaries give some, idea of the kind of things these heroic workers need to enable them to maintain their health and do effective service. Many of these things are so commonplace in our American and British home,s, offices" churches and schools that they are taken for granted, but they are almo'St unattainable in frontier stations. Who could realize, for instance, the importance of a piece of cord or a pin when none is to be had; but the most insistent and easily supplied need is for good literature. "Send us good books and magazines," is the almost unanimous request.

A very useful department of the World's Sunday School Association is the "Surplu'S Material Department," hut it is selfisn and often foolhardy to give only from our surplus, and many would prefer to give new material to their workers and use the old themselves. Birthdays and Christmas also call for gifts that will make our missionaries happy, and suggestions as to whlft to send are welcome. One of the largest houses supplying general merchandise through their mail order department writes as follows in reply to our inquiry as to what the missionaries most frequently call for in their distant fields of labor: 891

"The things that missionaries order <;lepend upon the make up of the families, the particUlar part of the vineyard where they are serving, and the amount of money they have to spend. Human needs are not so much different, 'So far as everyday living is concerned, in the northern part of the United States and the northern part of China. One of the strongest bids for influence in a new oommunity is to set up an American home, equipped with just the kind'S of articles that are in use here in the States.

"I hope that you will strongly urge friends not to select articles without consulting the missionaries themselves. Do not pay freight upon second-hand "articles, or things that are not needed here, or can be purchased cheap there. 'In these days of enormous freight charges, it is nonsense to be transporting about the world a lot of old junk that nobody really wants. The freight on second hand stuff is just as heavy as it would be on new stuff. Money can be expended to better advantage through selections from the ,catalogue of a reliable house and the matter of preparing, packing and shipping the goods to' the foreign lands will be entirely taken care of by people who have made it their business.

"If Ladies' Aids, Missionary Circles, Daughters of Rebecca, etc., want to make a real hit with missionaries, let them hold bazaars or other local functions and sell their home-made jams, jellies, coworts, socks, etc., and ,send the real money to the misBionaries. Then Mrs. Missionary can select what she needs instead of what somebody who never saw her, thinks she ought to have. Exporting houses will forward anything that is sent to them for shipment, if it will hold together long enough and the freight is paid.

"It h3s often seemed to me little short of Ii tragedy for good money to be paid out in starting stuff for some far-away mission field by some person who has absolutely no idea of conditions on the route or at destination. Furniture, sometimes new, comes wrapped in paper, and with little other protection than shipping tags. The man who contributed the furniture would just as willingly have contributed the money that the furniture cost him if the matter had been put up to him right. Missionary work is coming into its own, and it is high time that we all recognize that each new family as it sets up its family altar is entitled to start out with new things, inexpen'Sive and few perhaps, but new, and selected by the future user. ,A; practical way to bring this about is to have the mi'Ssionaries make their selections from the pages of a catalogue of a reliable house.

""Y1ou would smile over some orders the missionaries send in-and then, when you thought it over, you wouldn't feel so

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

much like smiling. For you, when you want a box of puffed corn, or a bottle of pepper sauce, or a paper of screw-eyes, can get them just 'round the corner. "But here is a missionary who must needs send to Chi- cago from China an order for shredded cocoanut, a fly trap, three mopsticks, and a football! " Another puts in his list one child's crib, a high chair, a bottle of hydrogen peroxide, and a bottle of castor oil. There is an American farrnily in that mission compound. And another orders a dozen nursing flasks. Of course he will distribute them. No one family could possibly use a dozen!

"These folks must have infinite patience. One wrote in and said: 'The goods I ordered last September arrived promptly in March!' And they take vastly more care in stating what they want, knowing that asking for explanations may mean a delay of four or six months.

"The missionary's purchase cannot go to him in a paper sack. They face the haps and mishaps of every known form of transit. They will be dropped on to wharves, and dropped into ships' holds, and tumbled off wheelbarrows., and swayed drunkenly on the backs of coolies. For these adventures, safe packing becomes a fine, as well as necessary art. Besides, 'Since ocean freights are charged by measurement rather than by weight, close packing is also highly important.

"Their needs will change with the changing years, but always they will maintain for themselves, in the midst of strange and alien airs, a little corner which bre~thes the atmosphere of home. Here will be the truly 'homely' things, sewing machine, and soap dish, and books, and the other tools of everyday living, which are just what are used at home, and so hold them to the simple domestic rituals which are of the essence of civilization."

FROM A MISSIONARY IN KOREA Most missionaries find it convenient to eat food from time to time, even when on the field, in spite of the fact that one on furlough is ,sometimes asked questions that suggest the thought that we lay aside such frivolity for the more serious business of missionarying. Again, most missionaries find it inconvenient to eat native food in any quantity when out itinerating. Some have survived the experience once Or twice, and minimizing the risk, continue to revel in pickled turnips, dried fi'Sh and fresh fish, and fish that neither' fresh nor dried, unknowable broths and red pepper sauce; but most of us take along our food boxes. Arises next therefore the question of fire. We cannot use the Korean fireplace to prepare our food.

It is under an immovable rice kettle, and though "the crackling of thorns under a pot" has a Korean as well as a Scriptural sound, it implies a form of fire not convenient for our cookery. There is always charcoal to be had, and charcoal has its advantages~out of doors. But there are other things out of door~dirt, for one thing. A little breeze strikes the courtyard, which is also the stable yard and contains the refuse heap of the Korean house, and, puff! your frying pan is peppered with a little shower of mingled dust and germs, principally germs.

For this and other rea1soml many of us like to take a "khotal," or oil stove to the country. It is a small brass affair that burns vaporized kerosene with a blue flame under air pressure, supplied by a small hand plunger in the oil tank. It can be had at any camping outfitter's. Some missionaries are addicted to the use of alcohol-in solidified formbut unless your fuel fund is heavily endowed it is beyond the reach Df the itinerant.

The missionary housewife likes a fireless cooker. The Koreans call it a fireless stove, and it is especially desirable for the use of ladies who return at twelve and go out again for Sunday-school at two. We. use ours as refrigerator in summer to keep milk cool.

One does iwt need to be a missionary to know the value of a gold medal folding camp cot. Ask Unele Sam. Of course, there are missionaries who despise this as somewhat too luxuriou,s for a 'Serious minded itinerant, but no other than a native could really enjoy sleeping on a heated Korean floor, which is the Korean bed. And then sometimes, if not always, there are certain other reasons not wholly dissipated by the Persian powder argument which make a folding camp cot seem a perfe.ct haven of rest and refuge. For this may be said of the camp cot, that when all etse fails you can set its leg'S in pans of water. This makes one safe from attacks of all ex- cept flying squirrels, and they are said w be harmless.

Some of us had to come all the way to the Orient to learn that the japanese lanterns we have always associated with lawn fetes and the Fourth of July, really are Japanese lanterns.

A good coal oil lantern is indispensable w all missionaries who live where kerosene is available, and there are few places in the world today where it is not. A lantern lights, one to church when there IS no moun, ~nd very frequently it afford'S the most brilliant, if not the only light in church for the evening service. One goes over church records or studies by its light when out itinerating. A little group will follow a "foreign" lantern along the highway at night, making comments on its construe-

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

tion; and sometimes they follow it into church out of curiosity and accidentally hear the Gospel!

I do not know of any missionary, among the men, that is, except perhaps the very old ones, and some wh{)se early education was too classical, who would not rejoice to receive some good tools, saw, plane and square, chisels, ratchet brace, pliers, etc. All of us meet occasions where a few tools are indispensable. The Korean saw is set with teeth that point backwaJ'd, like those in a shark's jaw, and a handle like tha,t of a bucksaw. One is supposed to sit ()n the ground and hold the wood with his toe,s while sawing. This is interesting, but inconvenient. We once saw a Korean using an American saw.

He hel4 the blade upright between the soles of his feet as he sat on the ground and rubbed the wood back and forth on the saw.'

The missionary housewife says that oolored sewing 'Silks, espe.cially machine thread, are most desirable things to have on hand. It may seem like "coals to Newcastle" to 'Send silk to the Orient, but it must be remembered that the thread is manufactured in America and England from imported raw silk.

So a supply of sewing silks wouJd make a far more aeceptable gift than a taffeta pin cushion, or a gold braided vanity box.

Button hole twist and basting thread are the only varieties that can be bought in our city of fifty thousand.

:B'inally, when you want to send your missionaTY friend a gift, why not send him a book, a good one, a new one, 'S{)me- thing that will help him in his Bible teaching); or will keep him in touch with the things people at home are thinking about, and stimulate his thought?

Pyeng Yang, Korea. C. WALTER ERDMAN, MORE NEEDS IN KOREA The needs are so numerous that I hardly know where to begin. We needed a bell for our church, and· also an organ. I wrote to a friend for both and they were duly received, and have been of great service. A church bell does excellent service in getting people to church on time, and in calling the attention of unbelievers to the fact that there is a church in their oommunity, and that the Christians are having service.

A church clock would help to regulate the length of the services, and help make the leader more orderly. For 'Several years my young women's societies have supplied me with enough gifts for all our Sabbath school children at Christmas. I have asked for soap, wash cloths, towels, material for bags, pencil boxes, writing tablets, paint boxe'S and small toy;s, for the very tiny children. Books in English, any kind of wearing apparel,

I a'Sked not to have sent as these are' useless. The large pic- tures illustrating Bible scenes, and left over Sunday-school cards can be used to good advantage. Picture postal card'S are more acceptable if a clean 'Sheet of paper is pasted over the side with writ- ing on it. Then the cards are ready to have a verse of Scripture written on them in the native language before the yare dis- . tributed. Scrap books are acceptable, provided they have the _ right kind of pictures.

Kindergarten supplies of almost any kind are acceptable. A victrola came to our home, and it has been a constant joy, not only to us but to the many Koreans who visit our home. When it is known that a home ha'S a victrola new records would be very gratefully received. iThe furniture and furnishings in a. mission- ary hfmle wear out as in .America, and the heart of Mrs. Mission- ary would bound with joy if some day a check came with the mes- sage "Buy something for your own home." Fresh wall paper i'S a joy, and when ten dollars a year is all that is allowed by the Board for hoU/se repairs, new wall paper cannot be afforded very often. Table and bed linen also wear out. Our small boy is longing for a bicycle, but the missionary pocket book cannot manage it.

If Mrs. Missionary's size is known, a dress pattern now and then helps her to keep her old clothes fairly modern. A gift of money to put in a screened porch w.ould add much com- fort to the mis'Sionary home, and help keep the family in health.

Just now I am longing for a bath room equipment for our home in Pyeng Yang. The longer I am here the more I believe that anything that adds to the missionary's comfort makes a better missionary.

Pyeng Yang, Korea. MRS. C. F. BERNHEISEL.

THAT MISSIONARY FORD It is getting to be the habit of Inissionaries in Chosen when they go home on their first furlough to return to their field bring~ iug with them some new degree with which they may proudly decorate the posterior end of their names. These vary in size and in cost and amount of dignity. One of the lesser stars of missionaries went home. a few years ago, realizing his deficiencies and the 'Plainness of his name, and fostering secret hope'S of some little exterior improvement, before he should return to his doctored associates in Chosen. But during the short stay in America he found that a D.D. was not for him. Entirely unbeknown to him there came in one day the degree of F. O. R. D. conferred by the University of the Church of Unionville. We accepted it as a gift from the Lord for our use in His work, and we are desirous that it shall be used well in this cause.

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

GIVING OUT TRACTS FROM A FORD IN KOREA It is a Pullman car of luxury and a giant of usefulness alongside of the various other sputtering, nervous, little demorul that we have tried to ride over the roads of Chosen. My father visited Chosen a few years ago and often traveled with us to the country. He went back home to America saying, "Nothing in the way of good equipment is too good for the missionary." And from him came our motorcycle. Certainly if we consider the work of the busy missionary worth while at all, anything that will help iSave time, conserve strength, and make more work possible for him is certainly a most practicable and reasonable gift to provide him.

The Ford has not been here long enough for us to tell you all about its varied uses and advantages-and expenses. But we have already used it for over three months and we have driven it about 2,000 miles, including a trip to Kangkei and Wonsan. We are still keeping our seven-dollar-and-a-half share of that sturdy donkey up in Tukchyun county. He will always be used, we expect, as a sort of "tender" for the Ford, altho when we think of the disposition of that little donkey there is a mistake in the choice of words somewhere in the above phrase.

We expect to make some long trips in the machine when the roads and the seasons will allow, but the base will have to be at home. Our idea of the machine is not to use it in continuous itineration but out on trips of shorter duration, to visit points in the country where we have special and urgent business. We can often go out for over .Sunday. Sometimes on trips close by we can save expenses and time and baggage by going out

early Sunday morning, holding two Or three services and re- turning in the evening. One advantage is that we can take either our wife, or another' missionary, or several Korean brethren of the city, or may be all of them, ·to help us' in our work and make the trip count for more. Ways are multiplied in which the Ford connects the country with the advantages of the city, and brings more people of the better developed city churches into contad with the more needy rural churches.

One ·of the most appreciative passengers that we have ever taken with us is our old friend Mrs. Yi, (Pu Mu Kol Yi Si as she is known around here.) She is the grandmother of D'r. Graham Lee, she says, and was one of the Lees' staunchest friends while they were here. She js. 89 years old. Soon after we had started and were bowling along at a good rate we turned around and asked her how she liked the Ford. "Don't bother me" she answered with apparent difficulty. "I can't talk. My mouth is full of wind!" We took her up the mountain to the lookout near Peony Point, a place she had not been able to climb since she was a young woman. She saw her city spread out before her, the playground of her girlhood, and the beautiful river and the green pine trees and the verdant fields far below; and as we rested there the dear old grandma pathetically exclaimed, "I have ridden in an automobile! I have, ,seen this wonde.rful sight again! Now I am ready to die!" When later in the moonlight we put our aged friend down at the door of her thatched cottage she turned around to us and said, "I am not going to thank you. This isn't your automobile anyway. I'll give thanks when I say my prayers tonight." However, the next day an anonymous chicken was brought around to our house and tied to our kitchen door.

HELPFUL IN JAPAN .

Japan is not an easy country to which to send equipment.

We have no hospital work, kindergarten material is all made here much cheaper than at home and the Sunday-school sup- plies, with the exception of the large picture rolls, are prepared in this country. Picture rolls for the Sunday-school and Christ- mas boxes for our girls' schools are always helpful and greatly apprecia,ted. How a Japanese: girl, large or small, appreciates and prizes a pretty, well dreElsed American doll! Dainty white aprons, hair ribbons, lace edging and fancy bags, you in Amer- ica can scarcely realize what a joy a box of these things brings to both teachers and girls at Christmas time. It is an intimate, personal remembrance from the MothQr Church in America.

Tokyo, Jap(JJyt. HELEN O. REISCHAUER.

SOME Tl-IINGS OUR MISSrONAR1BS NBBD

A MESSAGE FROM CHINA Of the larger gifts, I would put a victrola first. It is an inestimable inspiration to the missionary, especially in interior China, where he hears nothing nearer music, ten months in the year, than the joyful noise a well-meaning oongregation can make.

It is a great delight also to the natives, and we have enter- tained hundreds with our $25 machine. An occasional new record is a great treat. Father sent some in a round tin box with corrugated pasteboard between, and none were broken.

Of little things, an occasional pattern of a skirt or dress, if the size is known. So often I have labored in vain for something wherewithal to clothe myself because my patterns were out of date.

I've made a chu,rn out of a malted milk bottle, a chair rung and a door knob; I can beat eggs with a fork, but I've never found a substitute for the rubber rings that mlljst g.o on fruit jars if the fruit is to keep. These are especially useful, as so many improvident ones are inclined to borrow. Shoe strings often cause distress by their absence. I had' a man ask me once for my last shoe string. Darning cotton and, elastic if one lives in the interior are often a crying need, but of course a thrifty person won't often be caught without them. .A good sweater is a necessity that is alwayslshrinking away from us.

Then if it is to delight the feminine heart, little treasures like a sweet grass basket or dainty handkerchiefs keep a woman from becoming as gray and dull as her barren surroundings. Books are alwaYls gladly received and keep us in touch with the .out- side world and its interests.

Shuntefu, China. MRS. GUY W. HAMILTON.

LAOKING IN CHINA AND TIBET Perhaps the following will be useful in helping others to make a selection which will be of invaluable help to any missionary.

1. Baby Orrgans. Through gifts of money I have been able to purchase four of these here in China, three of which are in lise in each of three country and city chapels, and one is uf'Rd in my woman's school. These are among the most useful and appreciated helps in the work. They are better bought here in China, as they stand the climate better than those from home.

2. Kindergarten materials. When I wa'S home on furlough, someone presented me with a case of used materials, which I have used ever since, and with the greatest plea'Sure, both to the children and myself, and to the pa.rents and friends.

3. Victrola a;nd records. When I was at home friends gave me a small one, size 11 x 8, using the regular Victrola Record'S, small enough to take itinerating in a houseboat, and of great

use and giving much pleasure both in the. home and in the school, to Ohinese as well 8iS foreigner.

4. The Lesson Picture Rolls. These are of invaluable help, in evangelistic meetings for women and children, in the school, m Sunday-schoQls, for itinerating in city and country, for gifts to pastors and evangelists and helpers. I have them mounted on thin wood roOds, ISO that they hang on the wall, and can be rolled and carried at will. And those printed now are so artistic and beautiful, that I have given them as gifts, at "Opening House" feasts, for wedding gifts, and otherwise. The walls of my school are adorned with these, and every guest on entermg, exclaims at their beauty, giving us an opportunity to Jell the story to the Chinese. And they are in constant use for teaching the Bible. Of the last lot sent to me, one roll I kept uncut, as it was the Life .of Christ, and in the Special Week of Evangelism at the China New Year, when we were holding meetings for non-Christian women and children, I used this roll to tell this wonderful story, and the picture of Christ on the Cro'Ss brought instant silence in the room, and moOre than one exclaimed, "Ka kw'u" "how bitter." Nearly all our chapels have these pictures hanging on the walls, the Chinese mounting them very neatly for about ten cents each. This year I' have had many tens of these done in this way.

5. Used Postcards, with. the writing covered neatly with white paper, s,o that a verse from the Bible can be written on. We use many thousands of these in city and country, and thus scatter a bit of Scripture which may bear much fruit. The children, and even men and women, eagerly ask for these.

6. The beautiful Pictures used to illustrate the Beginners' Lessons. These are most useful in teaching the Bible lessons, both in the Kindergarten and children's Sunday-schools; and also in Bible Classes they can be framed for gifts to the Chinese, to hang on their walls, where now often the only pictures are the advertisements of British and American Tobacco Companies.

7. Christmas Boxes. Most beautiful dolls have been sent me by friends and societies f.or the children here ever since I came out, but now that these are unprocurable, I will send you a list of what came to me la;st year and the year before, which made my heart rejoice and my feet almost dance, with the thought of the pleasure they were going to give the children. .A great many of these things came from the Five and Ten Oent Store, and a shower from that 'Store will do any missionary's heart good! Cakes of toilet soap, of which we cannot receive enough, facecloths, small towels, small bags with a few little things inside, crayons, tops, pocket knives, dolls, game'S, horse reins with bells, small col.ored books, handkerchiefs by the score, balls, a teddy

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

bear, a woolly dog, stamped squares with the colored cotton to work them, small stamped dres'Ses, children's hose, boxes of pencils and writing pads, paper dolls, a small flat iron, boxes of'

colored beads which the children love to string etc., etc. These boxes ought to be started long in advance to reach the mission- aries in time, but the amount of joy they give is well worth the cost of time and effort and money. – A small globe of the world would be of the greatest use in teaching the Chinese that the world is not fiat, this to be mounted on a standard.

8. Scraps of silk, velvet, [satin, cloth, print, percale, almost anything, left overs from dresses, secured from the tailor, or small shops, or from home, are of the greatest U:M. Always women are wanting these for making their shoes and shoes for the 'children, and small pieces four or five inches square or oblong are not too small, bright colors or dull or black, all will be used. Last year I bought a bundle of odds and ends from Montgomery Ward and Company, for ninety-eight cents, every piece of which made a garment, 'Small Or larger, for the Chinese children. Mission Bands at home, and Endeavor Societies could collect these pieces and have them sent out by mail or otherwise.

There, I think that will do for this time, and will give you a starter I A camera, v~st-pocket flash-light, indeed, almost any- thing under the sun that is of use at home can be put to greater use here. Soap, and more soap. Handkerchiefs, and more hand- kerchiefs.

Ningpo, China. :EDITH C. DICKIE.

Roderick MacLeod, of, Batang, Tibet, writes with much intere'St concerning the helpfulness of a phonograph which they have at that station. Dr. Loftis left this instrument behind. He says: "Some of the records are the charming songs of the Southland, songs that are full of human feeling and all hearts take to them. Grand marches pulsing with force and triumphs, songs of love that breathe forth the tenderes,t pas'Sion of human hearts and the hymns of praise that waft to heaven the emotions of the Christian spirit. This instrument brings much gladness to our lives. Last night as I sat and listened, I thought of that good man, Dr. Loftis, who had brought such delightful mu'Sic to this far off land."

LITERATURE NEEDED INMABIA A missionary in Arabia writes that the gifts from home that he has appreciated most, and that have contributed most to the efficiency of his service, have been those which have made

possible the continual purchase of books and the sUbscription to magazines. He continues: "The missionary is faced with the necessity of providing him- self with magazines and books along three lines all the time.· First his technical works, medical or theological or educational magazines, books, etc. There are no libraries in Arabia and it is a safe statement that no doctor at least should take less than half a dozen of the leading medical maga.zines, and buy at least two or three books a year. They cost lots of money. Secondly books and magazines dealing with missionary news, policy, and progress. They do not cost as much as those listed under the first heading, but you can not get them for nothing. Finally no missionary c'an afford to deprive himself entirely of some light reading for recreation both of the magazine type and lighter books, any more than can a man at home. If people at home appreciated just how short rnissionaries frequently are along these lines, there would be fewer missionaries who grow stale for the lack of means for keeping in touch with things as they are at home."

Bahrein, Persian Gulf. P. W. HARRISON.

Another missionary from the same field endorses this re- 'quest, ,saying: "Books and magazines make most acceptable gifts. No mis'Sionary is ever able to afford as many as he would like, and nothing else is so necessary to keep us in touch with the life and thought of the world. Subscriptions to any of the standard weeklies, monthlies or quarterlies, either general, missionary, popular, 'scientific, educational, travel or children's (the latter especially for those of us who are in school work or who have children of our own), make a gift to a missionary which is un- equalled. Most missionaries are far from libraries and reading rooms, and the best of the new books are doubly appreciated by people living in the .outposts of civilization.

"Victrolas and records are always a much used and prized adjunct to the work of those who are fortunate to possess them.

.B'or the marching and gymnastics of the school girls, to entertain a group of Mohammedan lady callers, to give a treat to' the boarding school boys in the evening, to play in a hospital ward, as well as for the pleasure of the missionary family and their guests, they 'earn their passage' many times over."

Busrah, Arabia. DOROTHY VANEss.

FOR SOU'l'H ,AMERICAN WORKERS In sending thing's into a country like Colombia, South Amprica, one must remember the exorbitant tariff duties. Some dear

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

903 people in the States once sent us a parcel of little garments for the children, bed-linen, etc. They marked the value of the parcel as $11.00, and paid all the postage which they thought would be due on it. When the parcel arrived we had to pay $17.00 to get it out of the post office. Then, as these friends had forgotten the ages of the children, few of the things fitted. Although they refunded us the money we paid for the parcel, the value of the contents did not equal the price paid. Things sent by freight are much worse. A 'Pair of silk socks sent in a box .of toys for the children, made us 'Pay duty on the whole box as though all the contents were silk-equal to duty on six hundred 'Pairs" of silk socks. There have been many times when I would have been most grateful for a 'Paper of good pins, or a wonderful package of needles, such as department stores at home sell for five or ten cents. Pins here are five for a cent, and are so ineffective that they will pas'S through nothing without bending or breaking. Needles come in tiny pill boxe,s, two f.or a cent, and always rusty. They are not more than two-thirds the length of a re- spectable needle. An egg-beater would be an undreamed-of lux- ury to us in the depths of Colombia. We take with us from the States everything that we think we shall need for three or four years. Perhaps you can imagine how successful you would be at that-if you felt that you could do no shopping for three years, and had to buy ahead.

We are alone in our station and can never enjoy anything that could be called recreation-no lectures, no music, no play time of any sort. So we depend absolutely upon the little reading that we can do to keep us from the insane asylum. Friends have sent us a few magazines after they had read them and we were most grateful. If there were those who would send us some of the high class magazines we would be happy. In "Bogota I once saw a young woman, a missionaTY, cry because the book her friend had promised her for Christmas, proved to be a discussion of Paul's ~eology. She said, "Doesn't she know that I have not seen a new book of good fiction for four years. I must get away from religious reading now and then." I would not dare say how many good missionaries feel the same way. Not necessarily " best sellers" or new novels are desired. Most of us have outgrown a desire for these, but a new book of travel or biography or science or humor, something that is not of a, religious nature sometimes is desired above all else. Books written about the country where we are working-by those who have visited our land, books of travel anywhere, or any good di.scussion of current affairs-these are the books for. which our souls long. When we find that we must forget the misery about us, and must forget our own problems for a little while, we are often driven to read~

904 ing-for perhaps the fourth or fifth time-sonre book of Dickens, or Van Dyke-yet the desire is often strong for something more connected with affairs of today. There is never a library and there is nowhere one may borrow. .

Books and magazines are entered in our country free of duties, unless they come by registered mail. We do not sit down to read every day, but there are moments; sometimes at table, often when the children a,re -sick and need watching, or we ourselves are ill, and unable to leave our beds-then we gather togther all the material at hand and feast. We have to have something to help us keep our balance and not become fanatical or intolerant.

Bucaramanga, Colombia, So. Am. MAUDE NEWELL WILLIAMS.

FROM CENTRAL AMERICA Many things that would be most useful in one country wouM be only a burden in another and many things which oould be obtained only from the United States in certain sections can easily be obtained on the field in other parts. Here in Guatemala for instance clothing and shoes may be obtained much cheaper than in the United States. I always remember a nice overooat 'Sent to my wife on which we had to pay $12, duty. The same coat could have been purchased here for $7.50. In some other fields that coat Inight have been a godsend.

For the home in Guatemala we need to buy from the United States or Europe: Crockery, Glass, Silverware, rugs, pictures and above all books, and magazines. We have so many calls for every cent of salary on the field that we feel we must let these things go. Then too we get out of touch with the life in the home land. On a sleepless night there is nothing like a book. The long waits which occasionally occur, the long rides on horseback or on the train, the moments between visitors, all can be utilized by the Inissionary with his book. It even occurs sometime that a missionary is put in prison. It happened to me once but the weary hours passed swiftly away as I read Chapter after Chapter of George Barrows "The Bible in Spain" which a kindly aunt had sent me and which I had carried along in my pocket when I left on that tour.

For the Churah and Sunday School: Our people are easily appealed to through· the eye. All .sorts of picture cards, picture rolls, charts and maps, are useful.

Towrs: On a tour one always travels as light as possible, but two things must always accompany the missionary, his toothbrush and his fountain pen. Both come from the U. S. A., both tend to wear out or get 'lost. I have never met a missionary who was over supplied with either of these commodities. The

SOME TlUNCS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

fountain. pen is a source of never ceasing wonder to the native'S who can never contain their surprise that it writes ink without being dipped in an inkstand. The tooth brush is a little better known but if the missionary does not have his own he is likely to be invited to use the family toothbrush of his host, which they tell me is considered unhygienic in the United States today.

Quezaltenango, Guatemala. PAUL BURGESS.

A BOOK SHOWER FOR FILIPINO SCHOOL-Boys Miss Suman of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society writes from the Philippines to ask if any friends can supply supplementary reading matter f.or her High ~chool pupils. The required list of supplementary reading includes the following books: The Young Pitcher, Grey; Hawthorne's Biographical Stories; Blue Fairy Book; .<Esop's Fables, Ed. by Jacob; Little Journeys, Flanagan; The Dog of Flanders, Louise de la Ramee; Red True Story Book, Andrew Lang; Pluck on the Long Trail, Sabin; Character the Grandest Thing in the World, Marden; For the Honor of the School, Barbour; Pollyanna, Porter; Tales from Shakespeare, La;mb; Abraham Lincoln, Baldwin; The Long Trail, Gardner; Stories of Useful Invention, Forman; Mother, Norris; Success, Marden; The Alhambra, Irving.

Money can be sent for books by post office order or books can be sent anywhere– "t regular second cla.ss postage rates. .

IN THE CENTER OF AsIA MINOR In my school work I have found very useful a model of the Tabernacle with the camp of Israel 'Surrounding it. This has been exhibited to my own Bible classes in the 'College Department, to the Grammar School classes as they have come to the subject in their work, to the Primary classes in Sunday-school,and even to' groups of students in the Boys' High School. In working with young women I have been glad to· own certain books written in simple English, but with good wholesome tone, which I can either read aloud to girls or lend to them for their own perusal. Many a time have I read Miss Alcott's "Little Women" and Mrs. Prentiss' "Flower of the Family" to girls who have almost no access to books, but who are eager to hear how other girls live. . To myself personally, and to some of my mis'Sionary associates a dressmaker's form is most desirable. Mine is a pneumo-form, to be inflated to fit any waist lining, and with a standard adjustable to any height. It folds up into .a box fifteen inches square and three deep. With this help, dressmaking becomes a pleasure, and in a land where neither dressmakers nOr ready nmde clotl;ling are obtainable, this is truly a valuable part of my equipment. For social gatherings, it is helpful to have some games for the youngsters, such as ring tos'S, crokinole or parchesi, and for

the older ones authors or lagomachy. Friends have sent post cards by the hundreds which I have used in a multitude of ways. One batch had wall paper pasted on the back-a most satisfactory way to prepare them for use.

Harput, Asia Minor. MARY W. RIGGS.

IN THE LAND OF THE PHARAOHS With regard to things most useful in our work shall I name those for personal use first ~ Books and magazines are at the head of the list, from the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and those of devotional character to those of practical hints for housekeeping, dressmaking, etc. Christmas time usually pro- vides handkerchiefs and towels, but never too many. Every missionary should have a typewriter, but many still find them listed among the impossible luxuries, when they are, in fact, life savers and time conservers.

Books again head the list as gifts for pupils in the day schools, from the simplest illustrated story books to the whole- some stories suitable for older pupils. O!ne could keep in close tORch with the graduates by having a little circulating library of one's own. The missionary can suggest readings to fill up the lonely hours of those who return from the positive, Chris- tian atmosphere of the mis.sion school to non-Christian homes.

A Moslem graduate wrote me in appreciation: "Thank you again for all those lovely books. I have finished 'George Mliller' only today. How I admire such a man, and hope to make my life like his. Yes, it is wonderful the way he prayed for some of his fri'ends."

Gotton blankets form part of the equipment in the Girls'

College. They are not to be had in the market in Egypt and must be supplied from America.

Cairo, Egypt. ALDA B. ATCHISON.

MOTOR CYCLE AND A STEREOPTICON IN AFRICA Not long ago I took a trip down on the Eaawo'o Road to visit village schools and do some itinerating. I took the lantern along and gave several evening talks on the life of Ghrist with the help of the slides. The people enjoy these meetings very much, a.s there is so little to be read and 'So few who can read, but pictures they can all enjoy. One of my recent j,ourneys was made easier by the loan of Mr. Neal's Indian motorcycle. I made the trip to Kribi, 66 miles, in three hours, and came back with ease and comfort. It would otherwise have taken me two days each way at least. It is a great help in getting around the field and attending to churches and schools. The machine has a rear car also, which

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES'NEED

will enable me to take Mrs. Reis and the children along with me on some of my trips.

West Africa. JACOB A. REIS.

·Qne of the most primitive fields is in Central Africa where almo"St anything from a civilized land is a boon. A bicycle is almost a necessity. Mr. George Schwab of Metet, West Africa, writes: "We jump on a wheel, or a motor .cycle, and off we are. ~'here are so many miles to cover or points to visit in so many hours or days. There is no other way, unless more men can come. The school ooys come by hundreds. We can scarcely do more than call the roll in "School, when we must off to some other task. Is it any wonder we are becoming amazed a,t the product of our effort 7 There are many calls for teachers and evangelists from so many' headmen beyond our outposts. There came boys recently from a school which is six days walk from here, with a request from a chief a day· beyond them, that I send "Someone with 'the Life.' "

FORDS IN SIAM AND PERSIA A Gospel Ford sent to Dr. and Mrs. Campbell of Chieng Mai for missionary work receiVEd a cordial reception, more than twenty native carpenters giving their labor to build a garage. In several of the districts the Christians have volunteered to repair the roads leading to their village. GIn one Sunday the car carried two missionaries and three native pastors to the waiting congregations. Th~ man who stood guard over the car during the services improved the time by placing two hundred po:r:tions of the Scriptures in the hands of non-Christians. Three cottage prayer meetings were also conducted by the party, two of them in houses that had never witnessed a Christian service before.

From Persia Rev. Dwight M. Donaldson writes: "We have got the first news of the things that are "coming by freight. A telegram has come saying that forty-nine boxes have arrived in Karachi, India, and asking how they should be "Sent on to Persia. Possibly I shall have to go by motor transport for 800 miles to the terminus of the railroad and organize a caravan there to bring the first freight ever to come from America to Meshed. Coming back I will probably ride in the Ford car sent by the Men 's Bib~e Class of the New Castle Church."

FROM A MEDICAL MISSIONARY IN INDIA "0 for a motorcycle to take me around on my distant calls! Sakina (my helper) and I are out on a "case," 20 miles from home and no train u,ntil 10 p. m. It is now 7 p. m. and I am sitting on my feet trying to keep them warm. We have driven from

a village five miles away, bump, bump, bump, in a native cart (a "tum tUm") over a bad road hoping to catch the 4:15 p. m. train, but we missed it by ten minutes. A baby's life has been saved so that it ha'S been a good day's work even if it has' taken us from 12 p. m. to 12 a. m. to do it. A motor cycle would have cut the time down to three hours away from the hospital and a side-car would have taken my helper with me. Do you remember how I simply "bellowed" for a motorcyiCle, and that motorcycle is the joy pf my existence. I have sent a long list of what we need in the hospital,-sheets, clothing, etc.; and in another list I have cried aloud for a high power microscope and bed pans. The books that I really need most are Bible literature. It is perhaps strange, but I have been buried in medical literature for a good many years, and need some help in Bible Study.

Ambata City, India. ELIZBETH LEWIS.

A MISSIONARY'S SUMMARY A sy;stematized list of' things that a missionary in most lands needs, but which Callnot readily be procured on the field, is found in the following fairly coinplete summary from China.

FOR GENERAL MISSIONARY WORK.

A folding camera is almost a necessity, whether for regular work or for special things, as it adds to reports and letters to have pictures.

Typewriter. A light, small typewriter is mO'st convenient, and makes letters and reports less of a burden to those who write, and those who read them. .

Bicycle. Whether itinerating or in a large city like Peking, the bicycle saves an enormous amount of time. A' friend sent eight for the use of our Chinese helpers, and they increased the number of villages they could visit in a month in a marvel- ous way. With a wheel the country paths in China are pass- able, even when cart roads are not."

F01Jhl,tain Pen. This is practically indispensable for all mis- sionaries, men and women alike. , A Compact Toilet Case and Compact Writing Pad are a great comfort in the frequent long journeys.

A Wrist Walch with reliable time-keeping qualities is a great convenience. In winter one wears so much clothing and in summer so little, a safe place for a watch i'S always a problem. .

A Traveler's Medicine Case. On long journeys, away from doctors, one must carry along certain standard remedies. A clinical thermometer is needed also. A Mimeograph. There is constant need for programs, ex- amination papers, notices to helpers, etc. Printing is expen'Sive and Chinese copyists very slow.

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

FOR ITINERATING WORK A Folding Rubber or CanvalS Bath Tub, and folding wash basin. On a month long trip, the bath tub is a necessity in China, and a wash basin has always to be taken. The danger from eye infection is so great that we never use any other than our own basins.

A CanvalS Tent large enough to hold a cot or two insures one against the danger of tubercular infection at inns, and the vermin that infest these places.

A Folding Army Cot secm:es one a comfortable bed when sleep on a hard brick floor might prove impossible.

A Baby Organ may be taken from one place to another. in the country and assist much in teaching the tunes, a'S well as in attracting a crowd to services.

A Small Alcohol Lamp may make a quick, palatable meal possible when traveling where inns are poor or do not exist at all.

·CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR LETTERS BY REV. J. C. KOENIG, LEPER ASYLUM, CHANDKURI, INDIA As to Christmas gifts, money is certainly more acceptable than the average merchandi3e. Nearly everything sent can be bought cheaper locally, especially if the shipping 'expense is counted. A few toys, pictures, cholies, mufflers and socks are acceptable, but even they can be had just as well here and the shipping expense saved. I would like to have for Christmas, first of all $50.00 for a Christmas dinner. We have always given meat, potatoes, cocoanuts and sweets on this day.

For presents I would like tops for the children, cholies for the women, and cholies, mufflers aT socks faT the men. I can buy toys at a small cost and have cholies made locally for 20 cents apiece. .We need about 300 cholies per year. Of the knitted wool mufflers or socks for the men about 200 would be needed. The knitted wool mufflers are certainly very acceptable but must be very expensive. I can have muffiers made here of flannel, at the cost of 20 cents each.

Blankets costing 89 cents, coats costing 24 cents, and saris costing 36 cents are always needed by the Asylum Inmates. Gifts that would be very much appreciated but that I have never been able to supply are sandals, spoons. plates, and tumblers. Sandals as worn here come to about 25 cents each and would be a great boon to the Lepers to protect their sore feet and their band- ages and to help them to get about. Plates and tumblers of enamel ware come to about 10 cents each and would be very acceptable gifts, and spoons would be doubly acceptable as our Lepers have such difficulty to eat in the native fashion with their fingers. Metal ones for bowls can be had for 5 cents apiece.

For my office I greatly need a new typewriter. Myoid machine is almost useless. All is well in the Asylum. We now have 435 Lepers, 18 Leper children, and 60 untainted children. Last month 60 Lepet men and women were baptized. Our new boys' home is finished and is a splendid building. Two new women's wards will be finished by the end of the year.

TRAVEL WHERE THERE ARE NO AUTOS OR

The bicycle or motorcycl e often do ubl es a missionary's us efuln ess by increasing his territory an d facilitating travel TO TEACH THROUGH EYE-GATE BIBLE PICTURE ROLLS SOME THINGS YOU CAN SEND TO MISSIONARIES Equipment that makes work more fruitful at home and abroad 910

® @ ~……….B..:.E..S._ T M~ ETH……O….._D"S•._ .,,~O

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK NINE BEST MEETINGS A missionary meeting does not have to be dull and insipid in order to be orthodox.

Some leaders never have to urge the attendance of their mem- bers from the standpoint of duty. Instead they devote all their time to the preparation of programs no one will want to miss.

An old farmer who was attending a church convention chuckled to himself as he read over the subjects on the program.

"See here, parson," he said to his pastor, "there's one thing always amuses me about the way you church people go at the busi- ness. You've had papers and discussions all day on how to get people to attend your meetings. I've never heard a single address at a farmer's convention on how to get the cattle to come up to the rack. We put all our time on the best kinds of feed. I sort of have a notion that if you put more time on discussing what to put in the rack you wouldn't have to spend all that time discussing how to get your folks to attend."

Twenty-five leaders who have been especially successful were asked: "What was your best meeting?"

Their answers will help to furnish material and suggestions for many other good meetings.

i' II : iI I I A RECOGNITION MEETING .ers, King's Heralds, and Little Light Bearers, all combined. When a church having a total membership of 1100 members, with By a ten days' Drive, 435 new members were added to our mis- 490 members in its various mis- sionary family.

sionary organizations adds 435 new Celebrating this wonderful achieve- ment, a Recognition Meeting was members to the missionary societies, planned,-a great get-together occa- sion. Four committees were appointmost likely some one has been at ed to plan the four features of the program: work. Grace Methodist Church, First, Auxiliary Hour, from 4 to 5 Zanesville, Ohio, did this very thing. o'clock.

All of the missionary organizations Second, Children's Hour, from 5 to 6 o'clock. pulled together. Then they had a Third, Social Hour, to which all old four hour recognition meeting in and new members were invited, many men having become extension members. which all the societies took part. Fourth, Young People's program, 7 :30 Mrs. O. N. Townsend who led the to 9 o'clock.

hosts to victorv describes this best For the afternoon meeting beauti- meeting: . ful and appropriate decorations were Members of our foreign missionary organizations. numbered 4~O-Auxiliary, Regular, ~nd Extension Mem- bers, Young 'Women, Standard Bear- 911

placed in the Sunday-school room, with satisfactory provisions for everyalso in the Lecture Hall for all e:}{er- body's comfort. cises after five o'clock. Supper over and the dining-room Long tables were conveniently closed off, all were comfortably seated. placed. A substantial, self-served supper was paid for as members Young PeoPle's Hour. passed the cashier's desk. Through The District President presiding. organization leaders, a fair estimate A short greeting extended to new memwas obtained of the number to be provided for. This plan worked ad- bers. mirably. Nothing was solicited and Response by one of the men. thirty-five dollars .remained after The Standard Bearers contribution was paying all expenses, including decorations. a playlet, "The Saturday Basket Club," a stunt in which Six or eight girls took The Social Committee called to its part. help a goodly number of women and girls, secured a caterer and this part The Young Women followed with an of the celebration was without con- original demonstration called "The Secrefusion or uncertainty and more than tary's Dream." conformed to the standard of never serving any church supper, the ex- America, in costume, received reprepenses of which shall exceed 30% of sentatives of various nations, heard their the gross proceeds. The balance was· story of despair and pleading. divided among the five organizations and added to our fund for Medical The Secretary, asleep under the even- – Equipment. iug lamp-awakened to receive four little fairies in costume, with telegrams from PROGRAM the Membership Marshal saying, "We will answer our share of the World's Auxiliary Hour. Devotional· period of heart-_cry." rare beauty. The Auxiliary,· the Young People, An appropriate solo. the King's Heralds, and the Little Medical Missions, stressed by demon- Light Bearers, have enlisted 435 stration, in costume: "Who bids for my more to help work for the extension Sign." of the Kingdom of our Lord and His Impressive word picture of the home Christ. base, by a member. Clever Sketch, by two members, (in MARY TowNs]i:ND. lighter vein). Zanesville, Ohio Recognition of new members. Greeting by the President. THE BEST MEETING Roll Call by groups (standing to respond). It was not the meeting when the Contingent offering. Missionary creed. most tears were shed, nor was there Hymn. evidence of great emotion. It was in Adjournment, to Lecture Hall. a little Upper Room when fifty or more radiant young women-some of Children's Hour. them calling themselves "The Rain- March of King's Heralds and Little bow Division"-had been dining to- gether, and now were talking of the Light Bearers, singing. missionary service to which many Two or three short r~citations and one had pledged themselves. One blessed girl said, referring to some recently musical ·number. gained knowledge and insight: P;)ntomime, "March of the Mites," illus- "Oh, I didn't know before that trating use of the mite box. missionary work was like this." Grouping all the children about her, a Just what opened her eyes ami young mother with a child in her arms, heart I am not certain, but in that told the story of "Other Children." moment something stirred in ·the hearts of those who listened, and Another mother sang soft1y-a tiny hoy made even the most indifferent won-· repeated, "The Flaymate of Nazareth," as der what it really was like anyway a closing prayer. to be enlisted in this service.

Social Hour. So many among us do not know A great big splendid fiamity gathering what is the real reason why there are those in our churcl!es who do not

192O} BEST METHODS

care about missi{)ns, and I verily be- On the day of the meeting she lieve that if we carried some of the joy and enthusiasm of this beautiful blocked off sections of the seats, girl into our service we would draw more people, young and old, into tying signs on the ends of canes, these missionary ranks. fastening the canes to the backs of That meeting was such a happy one. Once in a while when tempted certa-in chairs tQ designate these to grow a bit discouraged I recall the radiant face and the ringing words divisions: "Mothers," "Grandmothof this "Rainbow girl"-"I didn't know it was like this"-and then I ers," "Aunts," "S. S. Teachers,' and just take a deep breath and say to myself: "It is like this, and I am "Junior Leaders," "Sisters," "Neighglad to be enlisted." Washington, D. C. bors" (this last to include all the CLOTILDA LYON McDOWELL. left-over ladies!) There was a cer- MISSIONARY PLAY-TIMES DEMON· tain degree ~f amusement in finding STRATE)) proper seats;-:-Boy Scouts were ush- The Wide-Awake-Friend wrote me that someone had sent her a certain ers. Ten boys and girls of assorted little book about missionary playtimes and story hours, and she knew ages sat spellbound on the side rows it would revolutionize the ladies in her church if somebody could only (so the- audience could see the spell work up a program on it, and proved why that somebody should be-my- working, you know!) None of the self! So the program was made and sent, and even though I live to demonstrations had been rehearsed, be a hundred, never again will a program of mine create such a stir, as it seemed safe to count on the for she added frills and furbelows of her own, and wrote me that her proper reactions from anyone under "ladies" reacted exactly as she wanted, "and then some!" twelve! -.

For invitations she secured long 1. They opened with "I Think strips of colored paper from her church printer, gratis, and pasted at When I Read,"-mothers and grandthe top adorable little boys and girls from magazine advertisements, being mothers sang one verse; teachers and laundered with Luxor powdered with talcum, or dining on jellies and leaders another; aunts and neighbors cakes! Underneath she typed. the third; the children themselves the "Of course you know one! Somehow, everybody's bound to be fourth.

either aunt or S. S. teacher, 2. With this spirit in the air a mother or neighbor, sister or Junior leader to some delightful young woman came and sat in a little child,-and bigger ones, too! So we know you will enjoy our chair on the platform with children absolutely novel program on (date) on squatting around her on the floor, as "*The School of Mother's Knee" she recited the verses of "Alma (There will be solos, exercises, demonstrations by children and Mater" found on page 10 of the grown-ups•• You will love it) book to be reviewed that day-"The School of Mother's Knee :-"

"The oldest university Was not on India's' strand, Nor in the valley of the Nile Nor on Arabia's sand; From time's beginning it has taught And still it teaches free Its learning mild to every child- The School of Mother's Knee.

The Bible Reading followed,-II Timothy 1 :3-6; with a talk to moth- ers and all others, gleaned from pages 11-16 of the book referred.to, show- ing the divine place that play has in forming habits of sympathy, fair play, cooperation and friendliness, and how missionary playtimes are doubly fascinating to clinch the need ~f the world with the fun of "being someone else."

4, Sentence prayers followed.

5-. Then an un~unced solo.

while all heads were still bowed: 8. Then followed a never-to-be- "A Mother's Hymn," (page 210 for forgotten scene when another wee words and'music source). child in an irresistible "nightie" knelt 6; After which the fun began, at her feet and repeated after her when my Wide-Awake-Friend her- "So Many" (page 49) naming the self started the play demonstrations. ten fingers one at a time for the First came "Copy-Cats and Chatter- Christ-less countries. While still Boxes" (Chapter I.); she sat at a kneeling, som.eone stood beside them low table on the platform jingling a and recited "My Altar" (page 38) Box, and summoned a shy little and gave a one-minute review of the Four-Year-Old to come up and join chapter on bed-time prayers and her. The jingling won him! He stories; after which the pretend~ wanted the thing in that Box! And mother gathered up the little kneel- everyone heard him ·chuckle as he ing child into her arms and told .drew out a little bullock cart, made about the "Little girl who never used from two spools, a tiny box, a curve a button." (page 45.) of white paper and a piece of string. 9. Having thus briefly proved that She told him to drive it around the missionary play-times are feasible table, which he promptly did, while for small children, another speaker she explained that a Chatter-Box in took the Junior age, and proved "The home or school has a new missionary Mysterious Charm of Bundles"

plaything added every day (or Sun- (Chapter III.) by calling a nine- day) thus forming a continued story: year-old girl to the platform, hand- a nurse from a magazine advertise- .ing her a note and reading aloud ment might come, after the bullock directions for her to look behind the cart; then a little hut, made from a piano for a package, which she did box plus a cone-shaped roof; a sick with much excitement, unwrapping Hindu doll; a bed .for a hospital. a Chinese doll with a scrolly letter Before everyone's eyes Four-Years- attached containing further direc- Old dragged the dear nurse in the tions to find a Chinese house, etc.

cart to the hut, collected the patient (Pages 53-66.) At this point every and dragged him gently, oh so gent- child in the room was on tip-toe ly, to the little bed (made from a around the little girl. "You see!" said box with the lid fixed just so; my the demonstrator significantly. And "Wide-Awake-Friend" showed them the audience saw!

how, from page 137 of the book.) 10. "Dressing-Ups" to be Hindus, After the Chatter-Box came a Jack- Chinese, Immigrants, and Alaskans in-the-Box for another F our-Year- came next ( Chapter VI.), and Old, and a Copy-Cat for another, so showed how mere left-overs were that missionary pictures could be quite sufficient for "missionary"

traced through thin paper. She clothes, and how "S. A. T." (Society moved this table to a corner of the for Adopting Twins) gave a splendid room where those three youngsters outlet for teen-age activities.

played contentedly for over half an 11. Meanwhile the Boy Scouts had hour, obviously captivated. And the "fidgets,"· so Chapter XI. had their mothers were seeing it, too, of its inning, and the boys and girls course! played "Looping the World," trying 7. This was in March, so she to loop missionary heroes, whpse used one of the missionary flower names were written on rubber jar playthings suggested on page 34. circles, on hooks, labelled as coun- Holding a daffodil in her. hand she tries, ("Carey" must. go on India, had another Four-Yeal'-Old repeat "Livingstone~' on Africa, etc.) Other after her, into God's :Little Yellow games were. menti0rt~ 'then to .create Telephone -the .lovely ve~se ·:of "The quiet once more ; ., Whis~r Song." It)Vas be~uti£ull • 12. Missionary· scrap-books were ~-~.=..-="",~-.-"-=-~.'" -~–

BEST METHODS

begun, as suggested in Chapter VIII. ing. The Bible study was the ,Story on "Successful Rainy Day…" There of a Shipwrecked Missionary (Paul). was the Hungry Scrap-Book (pict- Then followed most interesting and ures of food, rice from China, tea informing talks which the girls had from Japan, sugar from Cuba) and prepared on "Ships. that Have the travel book (Gorikishas, sedan Sailed." The first one was on the chairs, bullock carts) etc. Sophia-Hedwig, the first missionary 13. While the pasting was in ship which carried Bartholomew progress, a third Demonstrator dis.- Ziegenbalg and Henry Pleutschau to played a shelf of missionary books India. Then followed stories of every family should own, and plead- 1;Ians Egede's "Hope" and various ed for a "Once A Week Story Night" other ships that have fascinating (as in Chapter X.) stories but are little known. Six girls had six minutes each to tell of By this time everyone was seeing the ship assigned to them. They had the possibilities of such play-times: made so much advance preparation their fun, their simplicity, their sig- their talks were sparkling with innificance. My "Wide-Awa~e-Friend" terest. wrote it was rich to see the audience nodding its hats and craning Ten minutes was given to a stirring its necks and wiping its eyes! talk on "Cargoes that Shame Us," "Something good will come of this," dealing with the intoxicants and idols she wrote. sent from. Christian America to non- They closed by having everyone Christian lands, and to the tourist stand to read in unison from the parties and business men who have blackboard "My Crown" (Page 170.) been so thoughtless and Godless in their influence. "The only crown I ask, dear Lord, to wear The special offering was gathered in baskets made in the s.hape of Is this-that I may help a little child. ships. I do not ask that I should ever stand New Y o r k E ; . M;.B. Among the wise, the worthy, or the great; I only ask that softly hand in hand GIVING A ~IISSIONARY MESSAGE TO A child and I may enter at Thy gate."

They sang "Saviour. Like A Shep- THOUSANDS herd Lead Us" as a benediction; and the children scampered up to their Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is one of the cities that makes city-wide misrespective mothers and aunts and sionary plans. Recently several teachers crying: "Couldn't I please thousand of its people gathered on the beautiful west slope of Buchanan have a little doll like this to play Park to witness *The Striking of with." America's Hour, a pageant of. Chris- tian liberty. More than three hun- MARGARJ<:T T. ApPL!<:GARTH.

A SHIP AHOY MEETING dred people took part in the presenta- Our best meeting last year was our tion of the pageant. Silhouetted Missionary Ship Meeting which was against the sky-line just over the held by the young women. The invi- ridge were the towers of Franklin tations were tiny ships cut out of and Marshall College and the magthin card board' with invitations writ- nificent trees of the campus. A ten on the back. A 'large poster chorus of two hundred voices . sang with ship announcing day and hour "How Lovely are the Messengers" of sailing hung in the vestibule for from Mendelssohn's St. Paul. A two weeks before the date of meet- sextette of contralto voices rendered .* The School of Mother's Knee-A Book .qf Bach's "Strike, Strike, Thou Long World Wide Playt'mes by MarUM'et T. Apple- . Look~d for Hour." . ,Then· the garth p"bluhed. hill. Women's Americs1l Bopti.rl 1J.:uqJpeters ,summoned' the Spirit '<if ~:~k:gj,ri~.r1i1o':.Y Socid::;, ,27~: Fi't~. Avtt_#_.N~w Brotherhood with Li~ty. and. Jus-

ike bdore whom the nations of the hie invitations in the shape-of card9"'"

earth passed. for judgment. N-ever- with a flashing solitaire cut from a to-be-forgotten was the impression jewelry catalogue pasted thereon.

made by the great empires of the Underneath the ring was printed, past as they slowly ascended the "Your engagement is announced for sloping hill-side – Egypt, Greece, June meeting of Missionary Society, Babylonia and Rome-all summoned Friday at three thirty." At the bot- to judgment and condemned because tom was printed "Brides from Many they did not set their own people Lands will Attend."

free and did not send out the true The program was made up of im- light to lighten the world. personations. A girl dressed in There was great enthusiasm at the Chinese costume told how she had entrance of America preceded by: been betrothed, a little widow from ten handmaidens. India' gave a touching impersonation.

The Striking of America's Hour An African, a Japanese, a Korean, was made impressively evident by the and a Mohammedan bride followed.

pleas of those who look to her for The girls had studied their pa,rts light. well and while no words had been The pastor of a Lancaster colored assigned them they had made such a Baptist church made the plea for the thorough study of the customs it was negro in America. A large group of easy for them to impersonate' a girl immigrants followed by groups from of the land they represented. Very Japan, China, Korea, and other non- simple refreshments were served by Christian lands made impressiv~ the brides. Every one enjoyed the pleas. A negro girl who was an meeting and all of us had a deeper honor high school student led the insight into the customs of other group of more than twenty colored lands. The girls who had taken part people who sounded Africa's call. in the program were especially im- Not one among the thousands pres- pressed.

ent failed to catch the significance of New York. S. C.

America's closing words with the cross lifted high above her head, A NEW WAY OF STATING SOME OLD TRUTHS and a missionary message was given to many who are not reached in the The most unique and for that rea- son one of the best missionary meetusual circles. Nine denominations and thirty ings I have ever attended was given churches cooperated in the presenta- in the form of a little play entitled tion of the pageant which was direct- "Sara Speaks Out." Two of our ed by Mrs. C. N. McHose, chair- gifted members wrote the play, and man of the Missionary Committee its primary object was to enlist a of the Lancaster Y. W. C. A. and large number of participants not Miss Lebzetter, chairman of the usually heard from. The scene of the play was Sara's Religious Work Committee. Many of the societies that plan home; A group of women fresh only in a small way Illight use this from the afternoon's missionary suggestion for a community service. meeting stopped in to tell her about the program in the hope of enlisting JUNE ROSES AND MISSIONARY her interest. Instead Sarah gave BRIDES them a piece of her mind. She Our June meeting was best of all. assailed the society and the way The hostesses had sent out irresisti- meetings were conducted aqd the sort of programs they arranged.

Her criticism reflected. CUrrent -thought and gave opportunity for much information to be given on

BEST METHODS 91:7

both sides.. The various mIssIOnary Another plan successfully tried out magazines were all discussed and a for the same purpose was to conduct stimulating atmosphere aroused. the meeting as a school session with An amusing part of this play was members assigned to various classes, the' frequent confession ~ :terwards as history, geography, reading, s~el1made by those who too" ~….t that ing and music. The teacher may call they found themselves answering ~•. rlasst"s ill an order that will vary titudes and objections which the;' the program and ask questions which had securely held for years. she alone has seen. Mnsic and read- a The two necessary rehearsals pro- ing may bt given by individuals.

moted most friendly spirit and Columbus, O. MRS. C. B. RAYMOND. under the guise of a "play" many PLATES FOR NEARLY A THOUSAND valuable suggestions were given. BUSINESS WOMEN MRS. D. J. FLEMING. Chicago.

To step off of busy rushing Fifth A MISSION STUDY BEE Ave., New York, into an earnest How to Make the Chapter Study Gospel Service with nearly a thou- Interesting sand business women present is an experience not easily forgotten. They Several weeks before the meeting were not all present at the same send to each member a copy of fifty moment but came in about four in· or more carefully prepared ques- stallments.

tions on the chapter of the text The wonder of wonders about it book to be studied that day. Also is that it is not a "drive" nor a appoint two leaders who divide the "new broom" meeting. For three membership equally, each being re- years, week in and week out, sponsible for the presence of her through winter's cold and through, group. summer's heat, every Tuesday this At the time of the meeting, let noon-day meeting for business the room be as appropriately arid women has been held, first in Madi- attractively decorated as possible and son Square Presbyterian Church and the _table for presiding officer mid- then in Ma.rble.j, Collegiate.. Church… way between the sides of the room at At eleven o'Clock 'one 9rmore wome~ one end, with chairs for the oppos- of the committee are standing in the ing groups on either side. As the hall to welcome the girls who come ladies come in let the leader of each in to luncheon. Some of the most· group seat her members. prominent women of N~w York have When ready for the program let served 6n these commi~tees in the the chairman take. the chair of the, past three years. A, .business girl.

president and ask the questions of met a member of the .. committee on alternate sides mold-fashioned· the street some time ago and ex- spelling bee style. pressed her .. appreciation of the.· If the lesson is well prepared so luncheons. She said, "At first I, the questions do not fill the time, thought the ladies who were doing let the· chairman ask also general it had just taken it up as another missionary questions or questions. fad.. and they wQ!.ddsoon tire of it – concerning the organization and· anq· drop it. I havll been so sur~.

officers of the denomination to-which prised and delighted to have it kept, this auxiliary belongs. up in this way."

Let the losing side be responsible From eleven to two a good for an unusual presentation of the luncheon is served for twenty cents, next chapter. This has been succeSs- so that the business girls and women fully tried in smaller groups where in that vicinity may have the oppor- the text-book is being used for tunity of attending the noon-day gospel meeting.· The. ~aker for study.

each day makes four talks as the though· we have a walk of eight blocks.' girls come and go, according to their No. it is not only the food that calls lunch hour. us ! We find the speakers chosen by you very inspiring and interesting, and Mrs. J. E. L. Davis, the chair- it is not uncommon to hear little groups of girls discussing what was said by lhe man, who has led the work so won- speaker after their return to the office. derfully since its beginning, takes a Tuesday afternoons always seem so much few minutes with each group in happier and shorter just because we have memorizing and repeating Bible pas- heard some helpful message at mid-day. sages. Then there are ringing Gospel Nor is it uncommon to hear the girls in hymns with a song leader, and the the office humming hymns which were talk of ten or fifteen minutes. sung during the noon service."

The audience changes four times "I just want to say that I am very from twelve to two, while girls are happy in spirit and the answer is beconstantly slipping in and out quiet- cause i made my decision on April 10th. ly in order to meet their lunch and took MY LORD .AND MASTER INTO MY schedule. HEART AND I MEAN TO KEEP HIM THERE FOR Some of the letters and messages 1'HE REMAINDER OF MY l"nIE." that have come from business girls to the committee show how they "I look forward to my luncheon beappreciate this somewhat unusual cause it is always so dainty and clean, meeting. and everything you serve is delicious and so different from restaurant food. Al- "I want you to know how much the though I have mentioned the luncheon first, it does not hold the more imyoung ladies of the Ingersoll Watch Co., portant place in my mind. What really draws me, rain or shine, is the Iittie have appreciated the Business Women's chapel upstairs and our wonderful times there. If only I could make you under- Luncheon. Our girls were the first to stand what the sermons and singing have attend the luncheons when they were meant to me! Always it seems that the started in the Madison Avenue Center. ;peaker has some soecial message for me, They fairly lived from Tuesday to and I come out with a brighter view of Tuesday, and were more anxious to life, and a resolution to be kinder and hear the speaker than to eat their lunch, more thoughtful of those with whom I and, oh, the sad and disappointed hearts come in contact. There is just one more when we moved our New York office to point I wish to mention. Up until I 30 I rving Place. The first remark uttered attended your meetings, I had never read was 'We won't be able ·to attend th the Bible. I believed in it and con- Business Women's Meetings any more. sidered it rather "uninteresting" reading Don't you suppose it would be possible and preferred to have some one else read for them to hold the luncheons .some it and tell me about it. A few weeks ago place nearer our office? May I say I received a Testament from you, and thank you for myself. How my heart each evening I read a portion of it. I rejoices to know that Jesus Christ is really enjoy it now because I find the being lifted up before the business women people and places so rea1." of this city I' "

."Tuesday is always looked forward to by the girls of my office which employs from thirty to forty. On the average ahout twenty-five attend regularly, al-

Woman's Foreign Mission

J. , EDITED BY MRS, WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N.

PROGRAM OUTLINES FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS ON THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE Benediction. God be merciful unto us and bless us, Although no official reports of And cause His face to shine upon us, summer conferences have reached That Thy way may be known upon the editor it is evident that the at- earth. tendance was excellent and the in- Thy saving health among all nations. terest strong. Large quantities of lit- Psalms 67 :1, 2.

erature were sold, especially the' text PROGRAM TWO book by Mrs. Montgomery, "The Bible and Missions." From TwiHght to Dawn of Day'

Northfield regist'ered 1190 for the Introduction. week of July 9 to 16. In response Let leader call attention to ten figures to the request of many workers who prepare programs for auxiliary meet- of speech on pages 54, 55, 56, such as, ings we print here an outline for each "walking beside a deep river after folchapter, that will be equally well lowing a rill," "as a tree is rooted in suited to small and to large societies. They have been developed from the the ground," etc., and show value and lectures given at Northfield by Mrs. beauty of such metaphors. This makes Farmer who took the place of the author of the book. a connection with the preceding chapter. (S minutes) Program outlines for Missionary Meetings: Hymn. "0 Word of GOD Incarnate."

The Lord's Prayer. (Note the missionary spirit.) Define New Testament, consulting Dough- ty's "Efficiency Points." '

Let all read "Aim" (page 52).

(10 minutes) Four Blackboard Outlines.

PROGRAM ONE (4() minutes) Gr.P:AMS 01' MISSIONARY TRUTH Each topic to be developed in ten min- utes and followed by a prayer.

Devotional Service (15 minutes) Eight women. Lacking a board use Hymn. "Faith. of. our Fathers," large sheet 0 f paper on wall.

Reading. Psalm 119, Verses 105, 129, 1. Study of the Father-God as taught by 130, 132, IJ4, 135. John 15, Verses Jesus. (Pp. 56 to 60.) 7 to 16. a. Transcendent and immanent.

Prayer for increased study of God's b. Righteous and loving. word among Christians and not-yet c. Just and forgiving. Christians. d. Fatherly to all. Hymn. "Lead On, 0 King Eternal." Z. Study of the Kingdom. Topics~ (Pp. 60 to 71.) 1. General Plan of the Book. a. An old idea, spiritualized-Good Author, Aim (page 5), Definition of News.

Bible etc. (5 minutes) .h. A silent force. not a revolution. , 2. God's Plan in Law and in History. c. A universal hope. not a Jewish (Pp. 17 to 26.) 8 points with religion.

illustrations. (15 minutes) d. A delayed triumph.

3. Poetical Revelation. (Pp. 26 10 32.) 3. Study of Jesus as a missionary.

Ruth, Job. Psalms. (10 minutes) (Pp. 71 to 83.) A Bible Reading with Comments. a. ,Activities.

4. Twelve Messengers with Scrolls. (Pp. h. Commands.

32 to SO) (15 minutes) 4. Study of the Apostles as missionaries. (Pp. 83 to 89.) A Thought and a Quotation from each of 12 women. a. Antioch and the First Commission See Sargent's picture referred to on Service. page 43. b. Missionary Tours.

S. Discussion-Which book of the Old c. Stewardship of money and life.

Testament has the clearest mis- d. Strategy and Spirit of Apostolic sionary message? Closing Devotions- program.

The Apocalypse as a Missionary Message.

Hymn. "0 Zion, Haste." (Pp. 89 to 93.) (5 minutes) 919

Closing Devotions: 154 to 159.) (20 minutes) Let all read We:ymouths translation of Given by several women. • the Great CommissIon on page 78. 3. The Bible in the War. (Pp. 160 to Benediction as in Program 1. 163.) (5 minutes) 4. What one girl started. (Page 164.) PROGRAM THREE An International Agent of Evangelism (5 minutes) Pocket Testament League. (The Bible Translated.) . 5. How can we prove our interest?

(10 minutes) 1. Blackboard Exercue Open Forum. Discussion based on p. 165. Write on blackboard :!uotation from PROGRAM FIVE Dr. Mott. List of The Basis of Christian Civilization Ust of Versions. Church Fathers Sentence on hoard. (Page 169.) Septuagint Clement . "Imperfectly obeyed and only par- Syriac Polycarp bally known as the Bible teachings Armenian Tatian have been, they have laid the founda- Coptic Justin Martyr tions of all that is glorious in modern Latin Irenaeus civilization."

Ethiopic Eusebius 1. TOPics Gothic Cyprian . (1) A Message for the Nations. (Pp.

Explain the above and 'quote a few 167, 169) (5 minutes) choice sentences. (Pp. 96 to 100.) Human society-one great family.

(5 minutes) Nations are responsible to God. 2. Family Worship among early Chris- tians. (Pp. 97, 98.) Quotations from the Bible and other literature. Devotional service. (IS minutes) (2) Influence on the Arts. (Pp. 170, Hymn. "I love to tell the story." Reading. Isaiah 55:1 to en'd. 175) (5 minutes) Prayers for missionaries now doing "The mediaeval civilization was Bibli- translating work. cal at its base."

Prayers for Chinese learning the new (3) Influence on Law. (Pp. 171, 172) phonetic alphabet. '– (5 minutes) 2. Devotional Service. (15 minutes) Prayers for children in mission Hymn-"Open my eyes." schools. Story of Dr. Hamlin. Pages 168. '169. Hymn. "Let there be light." Read Isaiah 13 :19-22.

3. Work of Three Pioneer Translators. Matt. 25 :31-46: Judgment on Nations.

(Pp. 102, 101, 104.) Prayers for Near East for con- Uffilas. Jerome. Wyclif. (5 minutes) verts from Mohammedanism. for 4. Monologue of Iwdson's servant. churches in, the United States.

Dramatize page 112., (5 minutes) Hymn-"Saviour, Thy dying love." 5. Picture Gal/cry of Famous Trans- lators. (Pages 113 to 118) 3. Roll Call. Testimony as to Bible's , (10 minutes) influence.

6. Story of Book fished out of the water. 10 quotations from pages 173. 174.

(Page 118.) (5 minutes) , (5 minutes) 7. In Korea. (Pp. 121 to 125.) . Representatives of 7 countries. 176- 194. (5 minutes) (10 minutes) One statement each for India, Africa, 8. Difficulties and Successes. (Pp. 106, New Zealand, Islands, Korea, Japan, China. 107, 108, 111) (10 minutes) 4. Progress of National Ideals.

PROGRAM FOUR The Travels of the Book (15 minutes) A clear, forceful summary' of pages Put quotation from Joseph H .. Choate 176,195 withOut repeating statements on the blackboard, or let leader read given., above. This should be a strong it impressively at the opening of the meeting. . argument, proving the, uplifting influence Devotional Exercise of the Bible on human life., 3. '

Roll Call. Quotations from this chap- PROGRAM SIX ter especially page 162, 163.

Hymn. "We've a Story to tell to the The Leaves or the Tree Nations." , Introduction. (10 minutes) Prayers for colporteurs and Bible Literary· Influence of the Bible. Quote societies offered briefly by many. Goethe, McAfee. Topics ' Perennial interest of the Bible. (Pp.

1. High Cost of Bibles. (Pages 141 199, 200, 204) to 145.) (10 minutes) Public Libraries Mary Jones and her work. Literature 2. Snappy Stories of Colporteurs. (Pp. Readers-in Orient and Occident.

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

TOPics It caUs us to missionary work. 1. Literary Tools. (10 minutes) Proof of the Bible's missionary character is found in the poetical Mission Press. books.

Tract Societies. Speak of the gift of imagimdion. The value of poetry. Dr. Richard's Achievement. (Pp. lOS, 206, 208.) "David and the poets, out of the struggling earthly kingdoms, under 2. Literary Activities in China. . the tutelage of God's Spirit, were able from afar off to rejoice in (5 minutes) Messiah's reign and in the uni- versal worship of Jehovah." Periodicals. 1. Ruth and Job.

Newspapers. "While the lawgivers were becom- ing constantly narrower and more "Happy Childhood." bitterly nationalistic in their outlook, the men of imagination were writing (Pp. 209, 210, 220, 221.) the exquisite .$tory of Ruth, the Moabitess, a woman outside the 3. Dr. Pieter's Experiment. covenant, who chose God to be her GDd and His people her people, and Newspaper Evangelism in Japan. became an ancestress of· Israel's (Pp. 213, 214, 223) (5 minutes) Messiah King. Another great think- 4. The Singing Leaves. (Pp. 215 to 218) er was goipg to the Land of Uz to find an example of a true servant (10 minutes) of Jehovah in the person of Job." Solo: "In the Secret of His Pres- (Give a few quotations from the books.) ence." 2. The Universal Hymn book.- Statement as to author of words. Psalms. Read Psalm 98. Note missionary 5. A Modern Miracle. (10 minutes) thought. "No limitation short of hu- manity as a whole." Horton. China's Phonetic Alphabet. "Whoever were the human au- thors of .the Psalms, the real author (Pp. 224 to 228) was the Spirit of God. No human Dev&tional Service. poet or series of poets could have (10 minutes) produced a collection capable of ac- complishing such results as this has Thanksgiving for the Bible and its accomplished." influence. 3. Psalms.

Petition for its study and application. Quote following verses noting mis- Hymn. "0 .Word of GOD Incarnate." sionary application. 2 :8 ; . 22 :27,28 ; Benediction. . 67:1,2; 72:8 to 1l. 4. Psalms linked with Jesus, the THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS Messiah. A series of ten lessons based on Let one read the passages froln the Psalms and another the New Mrs. Montgomery's text book to be Testament passage printed opposite.

used by Westminster Guilds, Sun- Psalm 22: 1 Matthew 27 :46 Luke 23 :46 day School classes and other groups Psalm 31: 5 Matthew 21 :42 Psalm 118 :22, 23 Mark 14:29 has just been published and can Psalm 41: 9 be ordered from denominational boards or from the Board of Edu- catron, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The author believes that these studies will be of service to pro- gram-makers this fall, and therefore we print here the list of topics, as well as one of the lessons.

Study 1. Proofs of Missionary Char- acter in Law and History.

Study 2. Proofs of Missionary Char- acter in. the Poetical Books.

Study 3. The Missionary Message of the Prophets.

Study 4. Fundamental Revelations of Jesus.

Study 5. Life and Commands of Jesus the Missionary.

Study 6. Missionary Strategy of the Act. and Epistles.

Study 7. The Bible Translated. Study 8. The Bible Transported. Study 9. The Bible Transmitted. Study 10. The Bible Tr.ansfigured.

Stody Two S. Psalms linked with Peter and Patti. The Bible is GOD'S Mission Study Text-book.

In the same responsive way as Orient. This Christmas is going to bt: above read the following- an unusually empty one~ for the exile leper people, some of whom are -little Psalm 16: 8 to 10 Acts 2 :25 to Z1 children with little children's wistful hearts. Those orave miSSionary Psalm 69: 9 Romans 15: 3 workers are going to wonder if the Psalm 68:18 Acts 2:33 home folks really care. They are ,go- ing to feel more than ever before, any Psalm 2: 7 Acts 13:33 lack of Christmas gifts and the con- Psalm 45: 6, 7 Hebrews 1: 8, 9 stant lack of supplies and means suf- Psalm 22:22 Hebrews 2:12 ficient for the growing demands' upon 6. Topics for Discussion the stations. After brief sentence prayers Why not overwhelm this band of couched in the language of the workers with a Christmas shower of Psalms, let the following questions blessings for their lepers, that will be discussed- thrill them with new joy and new strength for their tasks. The most (1 ) Was Ruth an exception to the needed articles at practically all the law of Deut. 23:3? How does this fact bring a strong missionary sug- Leper Stations are: Soap, blankets gestion to the book of Ruth? and sandals. (Bandages, medical sup- plies, food and clothing of course are . (2) Are many Psalms equally appropriate in a Jewish synagogue and always in demand.) The articles in a Christian church? themselves should not be· sent if it is possible to send the money instead. (3) Do Messianic passages in the American dollars will buy more and Psalms help to prove the unity of the with more understanding,· right on the Bible? ground, than here; transportation charges are a loss to the cause. Spe- (4 )What three poetical books pre- cial arrangements are being made to sent elemental and universal human secure quantities of soap. The price problems? of a box of soap is not a large item and even a child may send a cake of (5) Which Psalm helps you most soap if not a box. Sandals cost about in offering a missionary prayer? thirty to fifty cents a pair, and are needed to keep the poor mutilated CHRISTMAS FOR LEPERS feet from contact with the bare ground. Blankets bought in the na- "Dirt, disease and the devil," writes tive markets cost from two to four Dr. W. McKean, Superintendent of dollars. A bianket will warm the the Leper Hospital at Chiengmai, body as well as the heart of one leper Siam, "Are the three great enemies all winter. of mankind." And out of the fulness of his heart for his patients he adds: The society, American Mission to "No gift offered a leper is more highly Lepers (156 Fifth Avenue, New appreciated than a cake of soap." One York,) makes an appeal for these may smile at the idea of a cake of Christmas gifts so that every worker soap being prized as a Christmas gift, but as we recall it, part of the original among the lepers and every leper uncommand of the founder of the der Christian care of the Mission shall Christian Church was: to cleanse the know they were remembered in love Lepers. by friends in America at Christmas Many lonely but courageous men time. and women are working as missionaries in leper stations of the Mission to Lepers, almost one hundred centers in all, most~ of them in the

NEWS· FROM MANY LANDS·

:Jj, MOSLEM LANDS closely huddled together. Two were Reconstruction Delayed in Tnrkey Turks and one an Armenian. They AMERICAN missionaries have treated each other as brothers. I been able to resume their activi- noticed that one of them had on two ties in some of the stations in Asia jackets, while the One next to him Minor, but the religious and educa- had only a shirt,-though of course tional work have been almost entirely all their clothes were rags. I said to neglected because of the pressing need him: 'Why don't you give one of for physical relief. At the same time, your jackets to your friend, who· is as Rev. Charles T. Riggs writes, they cold ?' But the other chap spoke up are feeling increasingly the need for and said: 'No, lady, he musn't take it purely evangelistic work. The evan- off; I gave him my jacket last night gelical church life needs to be re- because he was shivering and had a established and strengthened, schools fever.' "

for the children must be reopened Here was a lesson in the gift of and Christian literature must be dis- charity.

tributed. While the missionaries are united in their desire for America to Armenia's Call for Help T accept the mandate for Armenia, as HE reports of the Near East Relief Committee furnish abunda means of solving many of the present difficulties, we must look to a ant evidence that America is not in- Higher Power for the solution of the different to the fate of Armenia. problems. Last year the people of America con- tributed over $15,000,000 for Ar- menian Relief. In addition to money Saving the Children A BENEVOLENT Jewish lady, there have been large contributions Mme. Nahar, is trying to rescue of clothing and of other necessary from the streets of Constantinople things. Better than either has been some of the little waifs that grow up the personal service given by. a large into beggary, with nobody to teach number of American men and women.

them a better way. She has picked During the month of March, 1920, them up out of gutters and 20,779 children were h04sed, clothed, back alleys, and sa~ed them from fed, giyen medical treatment and the professional mendicancy to taullht in 81 orphanages under the ad- which they were being trained ministration of the Near East Relief, by unscrupulous human sharks; and 43 hospitals and 58 clinics and and has placed quite a large num- ambulatories cared for a daily average ber in orphanages of the various of 6,589 cases and 3,037 clinical cases.

races to which they were found to be- The 60 soup kitchens scattered long: For the Jewish children, of throughout Armenia fed 55,039 little whom she has picked up more than children; and '561,970 homeless· ref- Rixty, she has herself established a ugees were saved from starvation. If home. In this matter she heartily America will not take a mandate for acknowledges the help of the Prefect Armenia politically, Americans can at of the city, Dr. Djemil Pasha, and least buttress that bruised and battered also of the Armenian Patriarch, of nation, and give the Armenians a Mlle. Zoeros Pasha, and of others. She chance for existence. Christians must says in The Boshphore: stir up the nation to do its full duty "One winter day I saw on the toward its sister ·republic in Asia Karakeuy Bridge three little children, Minor in this hour of peril.

923

~JlIU'7 .CoaIereDeeIo Doinat vising them to be prepared to move their personnel at short notice;, and THE United Missionary Confer- that every station should keep ·tJ1otor … ence of Syria and Palestine held transportation in readiness for this its- second meeting May 5 to 7 in purpose. Beirut, with Bishop MacInnes of Jerusalem presiding. The Conference Moslem (Jondemnation of Bolshevism has advisory pOwer only, but the harmonious interchange 1)f -views pro- THE Central Committee of Mos- motes efficiency and prevents over- lem Theological Academies has lapping of effort. The twelve societies a statement to make in reference to represented passed resolutions con- the report that Russian Bolshevik – cerning unoccupied fields urging the leaders are training propagandists to Christian and. Misiionary Alliance to incite uprisings among· Asiatic Mos- move into the district east of the lems, which is significant in its bear- Jordan, and. the. Danish Mission to ing upon condittons in India and the Orient to take up work among Persia. The Peking Daily News Moslem men ,and boys in Damascus. summarizes the statement as follows: The Conference also approved the "Whatever its principles may be, proposal of the British Syrian Mis- whether good or bad, the practical sion to open a training school for application of Bolshevism is harmful Bible women in Damascus, and a to humanity, to the social life of the Union missionary training school was individual, and to the rights of prop- preposed for some convenient center. erty, and is therefore at variance with the principles of Islam, which re- Languap ScIrooJ I~ Scut,ari quire happiness, tranquillity, and gen- eral progress, and therefqre forbid the A LANGUAGE School in connec- taking of the life and property of tion with the American Mission others and_ most emphatically insure in. Turkey has been opened as a school the .rights of individuals and com- .of missionary preparation. In addi- munities. Finally, it is in the interests tion to the courses in Turkish, Ar- of the Moslem religion and the sacred menian and Greek, 1t will furnish in- duty of the Califate which embodies struction in the history of the people its strength and influence, to oppose of the Near East, their religion, de- Bolshevism as a danger to civilization, velopment, customs and contributions justice and right." .to civilization,-topics most helpful to the new missionary. The school Mission to Kurds is located for the present in Scutari, and it is planned that the new mis- THE Inter-Synodical Evangelical sionaries under instruction shall live Lutheran Orient-Mission So- in the building as one family, absorb- ciety was organized in 1910 by L. O. ing the atmosphere of the Orient Fossum, a youn~ American pastor, to while acquiring a knowledge of the evangelize the Kurds; and in the fall languages. Rev. Fred F. Goodsell is of 1911 Mr. Fossum, accompanied by to have the directorship of the school. a physician, opened a station at Souj- bulak, western Persia. Since the Bolsbevi!llll In Asia Minor Kurds possessed absolutely no litera- ture, the initial efforts were bent to- MISS Cushman, the heroic nurse ward translating and writing neces- in charge of the orphanage at sary books. As a result. there are Konia. in Iconium, writes of the imminent danger of Bolshevism on top now the four Gospels in Kurdish; in of all the existing woes of Asia Minor. While she can endure livin~ with the addition, a catechism, hymnal and a Turks she cannot face Bolshevism. Kurdish Grammar. all highly appre- Near East Relief officials have sent ciated by the Kurds. a letter to all Directors .of work ad- For four years the miSSIOnaries built up the confidence of the Kurds,

NEWS FROM MANY. LANPS

until in, 19l6, the Russians took pos- Liquor' Traffic Discredited session of Soujbulak and ordered the missionaries home. The U. S. gov- ON JULY g there was a mass ernment has recently resumed the me~ting in the Bombay Towll granting of passports to the Orient, Hall which brought encouragem~nt' and it is the intention to send out mis- to the champions of prohibition in . sionaries in the fall of 1920 to make India. This was a protest against the a report upon this field. proposal to assign all income tax revenue to the Government of India, Industrial Work in Tabriz leaving to the Government of Bombay excise and land revenue only. A I N CONNECTION with relief memorial sent by this meeting to the " work, organized by the Presby- Secretary of State for India had in terian Mission in Tabriz. a cloth fac- it the following paragrapJ.: tory was opened to provide work for the women. This has now branched "Your memorialists invite your attenout into a garment and carpet factory tion to the important fact that there is with a shop adjoining from which the general agreement amongst all sections sales furnish a large proportion of of Indian opinion in favou.r of drastic the factory expenses. During the year measures to reduce consumption, which, about 42,000 workers have found em- supported as it is by the religious inployment, and as these include many junctions of the two great Indian com- , heads of families it is conservatively munities has received considerable stim- . estimated that 100.000 persons benefit ulusln the field of practical politics from the enterprise. Twenty-six car- from the adoption of the policy of total pet looms are in operation. Religious prohibition by the United States and services are held by the factory and the strong support given. to it in busi- . sales departments. ness circles on account of its proved efficiency in augmenting the productive INDIA power of the community. Your memo- rialists cannot accept, without protest, Christian Banks for Farmers an arrangement which makes the means of maintaining the administration of REV. W. E. Wilkie Brown, a the Presidency so greatly dependent on Scotch Presbyterian missionary the continuance and development of a at Jalna, Hyderabad, was the far- discredited policy." sighted founder of cooperative credit societies for Indian agriculturists. a European, Parsi, Hindu and Moscheme which the Y. M. C. A. has hammedan business magnates of been developing with much success Bombay were the leaders in this proin South India. The farmers about test. Talna were being fleeced by money lenders, so that it was impossible to Dnyanodaya. build up flourishing churches until economic help had been extended. Mr. Christian 'lbimkfnlness BrowR'S first step was to organize a Christian village on a government TWO hundred boys from the I;rant of a thousand acres of land. A bank was started with a capital of Naga Hill tribes of Assam wntt £32 from Mr. Brown's own pocket. to the trenches in France. Forty of By 1917 twenty-five Christian village them were Christians. The other 160 banks were being operated and now confessed Christ and were baptized seventy-five more banks. are in. opera- wl:i1e in the army. On their return, tion among the non-Christian com- everyone gave a month's wages to munities. Some of the results have mission work as a thank-offering for been to unite the Christians, build their preservation. solid character and make them realize tll.eir reSponsibility to the Church.. Presbyterian Witness.

Sadhu Jacob In Northeru India REV. G. S. Jacob, known in North India as Sadhu Jacob, has taken up work for the National Missionary Society in the Nukka. and Mimt~QlDery fields. Sadhl1 Jacob has had a university education and

up to twelve years ago held a respons- Telugu's Version of Lord's Prayer ible government position. Since then he bas, like Sadhu Sundar Singh, A TELUGU convert tried for two supported himself by any work that months in vain to learn the came his way and has devoted his Lord's Prayer, but one night his time to teaching and preaching the Gospel. He is a man of deep learn- teacher heard him make the following ing and is respected by all who know petition: of his humble' service. For the next "Oh Father, who art in Heaven, You few months he will visit the churches are our Father, we are Your children. of northern India in the interests of Keep us all well. Heal my rheumatism the National Missionary Society. . and my child's boil. Keep us from wild animals, the bear and the tiger. Christian Patriot. Forgive us our sins, our quarrels, angry words, all that we have done since morning. Make us good. Bring every- one to kneel down and call you Father."

Women's Missionary Meeting A Brabman Commends tbe Bible THE Women's General Mission- A MISSIONARY in India re- , ary meeting of the United Pres- ceived a petition from a district byterian Church in the Punjab met in Sialkot, March 23-25. Sixty dele- where there were no Christians and gates from the twenty-seven societies of the Punjab field attended, in addi- signed by leading men, not one of tion to the American missionaries. Bible readings, addresses, reports and whom was a Christian, asking that he business sessions occupied the time. The talks were spiritual but practical take charge of a school established the as well. Two of the Indian delegates who led a devotional service chose the year before in this district, and to insame topic-the parable of "The Vine and the Branches." troduce the Bible as a text book in Prayer of India's Women every class every day. He was so THIS is what an Indian author, much surprised at the request that he an Indian college graduate and an Indian child widow have to say as summoned a meeting of the petitionto the importance of Christian emancipation for the women of India. ers to tell them that if he assumed The only way India can become charge of the school it would be his great is through the emancipation of its womanhood. endeavor to present Christianity to (Saint Nihal Singh) every pupil, and then asked if it was If vou want Indian women to be still their wish to have him direct the what °you (women of the West) are, and what Christ intends us to be, give school. The head master, a Brahman, us the education that you have had: and in time with God's help <;Ind spoke first, and Said that while not a grace, we will not disappoint you. Christian he was anxious to have his (Lilavati Singh) pupils put under the teaching of the o God of mercy, our prayer to Bible. Then a judge. high caste and Thee is this that the curse may be removed fr~ the women of India. well educated, testified to the effect on Think upon Thy mercy-which is a vast sea-and remember us. daily living he had noticed in those (Prayer of an Indian Child-Widn'W) who studied the Bible daily. "If you Dnyanodaya. wish your sons to become noble, up- rig-ht men," said he, "have them taught the Bible, for nothing in the Vedas can compare with it." > Medical Work at Gateway to Tibet A PROPOSAL has been made by Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has worked and suffered in Tibet, that the National Missionary Society of EnRland should open a medical station at some place in the Himalayas on the' direct road to Tibet. This will not only open the way for carrying the Gospel intQ that closed .land, but wil.1 minister to several villages In that re~'

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

gion where Christian medical work is three years ago for the purpose of unknown. Should such a work be combating social vice. The ideals and undertaken, the Sadhu himself would objectives of the Society are so es- spend a few months there each year. sentiallyChristian that they deserve Salvation Army in Ceylon the interest and support of the Chris- tian Church. THE Salvation Army has ac- quired a large tract of land in /The third annual report states that Ceylon, and plans to produce food eleven leading Japanese in Singapore expressed hearty endorsement of on a large scale for the benefit ot the resolutions passed by the Society to abol'ish all brothels within the area of native population. General Bram- Government jurisdiction.- The acting well Booth has appealed for mission- Counsul-General for Japan at Singary farmers and has received offers apore. has undertaken to close all Japfrom over two hundred workers. anese brothels in the city during the The plan is an outgrowth of General current year. Booth's recent trip to the antipodes, where he was impressed by the vast In outlining the hopes of the Soquantities of fertile land available, ciety for the future the following proand the cheapness with which labor gram was suggested: can be obtained. "The promotion of marriage among MALAYSIA both Europeans and Asiatics (that is, The Melting Pot of Asia where moral necessity demands it), THE mingling of many races in and the encouragement of married America has given the conti- immigrants to the Colonies to bring their wives and families with them; nent the title "The Melting Pot of the promotion of physical exercise, Europe." Almost identical condi-' tions in Malaysia are making it a the provision of open spaces for the same; and the provision of suitable melting pot for Asiatic races. The and adequate means of transport." opportunity for independence an.d Malaysia Message. self-support exist there for the ASI- CIDNA atic, as it does in America for the Luropean. They are draw~ by the Conference Plans tor 1921 richness of the land and the Impwlied A NATIONAL Christian Conferliving conditions. ence has been called to meet in Java is the only island of the 11a- Shanghai in April or May, 1921, to study the progress of the Christian laysia group having a dense popula- Movement in China, and to plan for tion. Sumatra. Borneo, Celebes and advance among all the Christian forces in the country. and New Guinea could contain 600,- Under the leadership of the China 0gr0e0~t0e0r0 inhabitants and not have a density than now exists in Continuation COPlmittee a th6rot:gh survey of missionary work in Chtna Java. The overcrowded conditions in has been in progress during the _past India and China, and their desperate three years. This has been brougJ:Jt to completion. and a very thorouf]hpoverty are sufficient reason why going report is being published WhlCh will form the basis for the Confermillions of them may be expected to enter Malaysia during the next few decades. To the missionary, this fore- casts great seH-suPDortinl; and self- ence. It is probably true that this is the first time in the history of the propagating churches, and prese~t~ a problem for study! that the nsmg Christian Church that a national Christian Conference is held with a civilization shall bear the stamp of complete and accurate statement of Christian ideals.

Fighting Social Evilll)n Singapore the Christian occupation of the field in – THE . Singapore Social .Service the' hands -of those who aremeinben . Society was organized about of the Conference.

It is expected that the delegates to been self-supporting; except for the this Conference will number about salaries of the foreign staff.

one thousand, of whom the co-opted One hundred and fifty-two hos- members shall not exceed twenty per pitals scattered throughout China cent. The Chinese churches will represent the contribution of Chris- elect about four hundred delegates, tian missions to medical science in distributed in the ratio of one delegate China from 1860 to 1920.

to each thousand communicants. Th{ forejgn missions will elect about an Fish Dealer Becomes Pastor T equal number, distributed in the ratk HE following instance proves how far reaching may be the exof one delegate to every twenty forefgn missionaries. ample of Christian conduct. Four- ~ Sew1ng Machine Classes teen years ago a Chinese fish-seller in Hong Kong sold some fish to a woman THE Singer Sewing Machine missionary. On counting her change Company maintains schools in she found he had given her too much.

Chinese cities, where women may go and she handed him back several coins everv day for two months to learn the of very small value. The fish-seller. sewing trade. A Canadian Methodist who had never had money returned to missionary tells of one such school him before, was much impressed wit!- where evangelistic services are held the honesty of the foreigner, and once a week, the directress being a made inquiries about the religion Christian. Nearlv forty women of which she taught. He came under the middle class attend this sewing Christian instruction, accepted Christ school. as his Saviour, and was baptized. Jr All Opportunity at Hand the course of time he was ordained. Now he has thirteen churches in his THE Han Yeh Colliery Company charge. He travels round his gl'{~at at Nganyuen in South China district and holds a communion serv devotes a proportion of its profits to ice each Sunday in one of the the education of miners' children. churches, so that the Christians have Suitable buildings have been provideo the opportunity of attending a com- for boys' and girls' schools, and an munion service once in three months.

offer is now made to have all this Some of the chu.rches were formerly w~rk placed under the supervision 0" ancestral halls, where the spirits of the Church Missionary Society. the ancestors were worshipped; but the mining company to be responsible for halls have now been turned into place~ aU expenses not covered by tuition for Christian worship.

fees.-in short, the Chinese will sup- ply the funds if the C. M. S. will sup- New Ideals In Canton nhr the workers. THE Cantonese have a saying N_ Soocbow Hospital that "Everything new beg-ins in Canton." In support of that claim is THE cornerstone of the new and the fact that Canton has a daily oaper, .. modern Soochow Hospital was edited and controlled by Chinese laid Mav 29. with appropriate cere- VOltng women. There is also an Eng- 11l()IIy. The Board of Missions of the lish newspaper, edited by a Chinese Methodist Church. South, will supply $80,000 of the $200,000 required to Another innovation is the comcomplete the hospital; the China Med- pletely eQuitmed department store, ical Board will SUPply $50,CXXJ and one of which includes a nightly movthe remaining $70,000 will be raised in ing picture entertainment among- its China, most of this being already as- features, and two others, each ha,,-iol!' sllred. The hospital, which was estab- four or five hundred employees. in lisfted in 1882, has for twenty years which Christian services are held or Sunday mornitlgs. The missionaries

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

are invited to speak, and often have Many mission schools report a record an audience' of 350, although attend- attendance and hundreds vainly seek- ance is not compulsory. ing admission.

The Doshisha, the Congregatienal For Weary (Jbi»ese Pastors university, at Kyoto and the largest AN INSTITUTION which is Christian school in Japan, had 1,542 probably the first of its kind on applications for admission, but though the mission field was formally opened almost all were properly qualified, on West Lake, Hangchow, June 16. only 565 new students could be ad- This is a home where Chinese paston mitted. The total enrolment of this in need of rest may come and bring institution is 2,684.

their wives, staying as long as two The largest Methodist school is weeks whenever desired, and free of Kwansei Gakuin, at Kobe, with an encharge. The house has two living rolment of 1,675.

rooms, three large and two smaller Aoyama Gakuin is third, with a tobed rooms, bath rooms and kitchen, all tal of 1,173.

completely furnished and equippec' Saint Paul's, the Episcopal college, with electricity and boiler for hot has 1,104 in all departments.

water. A cook is employed to pre- Meiji Gakuin, the largest Presbypare the food, either Chinese or terian institution, has an enrolment foreign. This refuge for tired cit,· of 826. There are many other school~ pastors is the gift of Dr. and Mrs. D that are all crowded.

Duncan Main, who have been. for forty years in charge of the hospital of Newspaper Evangelism the Church Missionary Society in NEWSPAPER evangelistic work Hangchow. in Oita for 1919 shows 1213 new applicants for Christian literature.

Christian Tribesmen in Yunnan The Loan Library reported One thou- UNLIKE man y Occidentals, sand volumes taken out during the Christian aborigines register no year, This is the more encouraginr complaint against lengthy church because the members pay a fee for c services. In fact, the longer the serv- privilege of reading Chnstian books ices continue, the better pleased they and in addition pay the return postag( are. A Sunday morning service if on them. More than 2000 copies or Sapushan, Yunnan Province, has been the Bible and other Christian book: known to comprise eleven hymns were sold. Twenty-one inquirers eight prayers. three sermons and the were baptized .in 1919. This news- Sacrament of the Lord's Supper! paper campaign has been carried on Self-support is strong-Iyemphasized in Oita for over seven years, so that among these tribes. They build their it is no longer a novelty to the reader: own chapels and provide the resident of the papers.

evangelist with' a two room mud house, food and fuel. At Ta-ku, trees Changing SeRtlment Among Japanese once sacred to the worship of demons THE Japan Advertiser for April were .:ut down to f.urnish timber for 2, 1920, .gives the .substance aLa the Christian Chapel. lecture given in Tokyo by Prof. Y0- China',t Millions. shino of Tokyo Imperial University, in which he admits the mistake in the ,JAPAN Japanese government's policy, both E'Ohrlstlan Schools Crowde.J China and Korea.

T. IGLEHART, a Methodist In the same issue of the Advertiser missionary in Japan, says 'that the editor says there is evidence that never in the history- of that Empire Japanese admiration for militarism is have there been so many young peo· weakening-. This is noticeable first pIe receiving Christian instruction. of all Ilmong students, who are study

ing labor problems at first. hand, and verts now gather for worship in this forming their own opinions. Ninety village each week. per cent of the students if asked whether Japan should withdraw from The collection in the lepers' church Shantung, would, according to Prof. must always be taken up in a clothes Yoshino, answer "Yes." basket, as it consists of bags, each with the owners' name upon it· and Japanese Aborigines filled with rice that has been. saved from their regular allowance. HE Ainus of Hokushu are the T remnant of a primitive people Sunday School Plans in Korea who at one time occupied the whole of Japan, but were gradually driven out THE Korean Sunday School Asby the advancing Mongolians. They sociation has requested each of are ethnologically related to the Russian peasants, whom they resemble, the four principal missions at work and some are of the real Tolstoi type. in Korea to allow one of their best equipped missionaries to give special Dr. John Batchelor of the Church attention to preparation for "Sunday Missionary Society has been a mis- School Year," 1921-1922. When it i~ sionary among them for forty-two remembered that the whole church years, and has baptized in that time membership in Korea is ·in the Sunsome 2,000 Ainus. They have· the day-school the possibilities of this New Testament, prayer book, hymn Sunday-school year will be underbook, grammar and dictionary in their stood. A committee has been apown language, for which they are in- pointed to. prepare teacher training debted to Dr. Batchelor. and inspirational literature, of which copies will be circulated by the thou- Dynamics in Korea sand. Every part of Korea will be visited during the year of preparation, HE General Assembly of the and five post-conventions following .T Presbyterian Church of Korea at the Tokyo Convention have been anits last meeting organized a "Forward nounced, at Taiku, Seoul, Pyeng- Movement" with a three years' pro- Yang, Kwangju and Wonsan. gram and definite line of advance determined and 'percentages agreed ISLANDS OF .TIlE SEA upon. "White Cross Band" In the Philippines This program includes in the first LAST year there was organized year nine definite lines of advance. at Silliman Institute, P. I., a Among these are family prayers, in- Students' Society called "The White crease in church attendance, larger Cross Band." "Christ First" is the subscription lists for the church news- motto of this Band, and it is proving a paper, increased attendance at Bible factor in leading boys into definite institutes and gifts for foreiqn mis- Christian service. There were eightsions and pastors' salaries. The sec- een charter members, of whom ten did ond year program includes revival not return to the Institute the presmeetings and special Bible Confer- ent year. One has entered Massachuences, while in the third year the re- setts Institute of Technology, others sults are to be gathered and crystal- are studying at different schools, but ized in young peoples' organizations with all of them the "White Cross and Sunday-school work. Band" keeps in touch by correspond- ence. Lepers Support a Missionary A Literary Polynesian THE members of the leprosarium SOME of the native teachers in the. church at Taiku, Korea, have for New Hebrides develop literary· a year' supported an evangelist in a ability, as well as upright character: neighboring .non-Christian village, Soppi, an old man from Vila who with the result that some twenty con-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

spent some years on Malekula as a The Sudan Interior Mission is at native teacher has composed some work among them, and much effort very beautiful hymns. He was asked has been spent upon a translation of by a missionary at Vila to pray in the Scriptures in their dialect. While English and in his prayer he said: the work of publishing the four Gos- "Our Heavenly Father, put us upon pels is in progress the number of top of the Rock of Ages. We cannot climb up ourselves, and we cannot hold Tangales .asking for instruction con- stantly increases. fast; but You can put us and You can hold us fast to Jesus Christ. . . • Let us stand all the time beside You, Mustard As a M:!ssionary Helper because then Satan will see You and ONE of Chief Senga Koleanda's will run away from us." thirty wives owes her life to The Christian.

some mustard ointment and a mis- AFRICA sionary's common sense. ·Rev. Roger A Great Missionary Family Guptill of Kambove was gathering up .

MR. Crawford Tilsley of Eng- pupils for school in Chief Senga's land, who recently went out as hamlet when he came upon the chief, a missionary to India, is the fourth groaning and with his head twisted to generation of missionaries in Goda- one side. About him was a noisy vari, the first of this loyal line being crowd, elders of the village. The William Bowden, who led the way in missionary recognized the situation as 1836. Mr. Tilsley expects to succeed a case of stiff neck, and offered to his grandfather, Mr. E. S. Bowden apply some mustard ointment. The in the work at Chitepetta, and his' average African places no value upon brother, Dr. Edwin Tilsley hopes to medicine unless it be very bitter or enter into missionary work at Luanza. very hot, and soon Chief Senga be~an Central Africa. An' uncle, died in and to smile over the efficacy of the lIni- for China, and an aunt, Mrs. Green, ment. In three days the case was returned from Strait's Settlements to cured. A week later, a native teacher be with her hushand in the director- informed the missionary that the ship of the work of the late George crowd of counselors gathered about Muller of Bristol. Another aunt, the chief when the missionary ar- Mrs. Dan Crawford, is working with rived had pronounced one of the her husband in Central Africa. thirty wives guilty of bewitching her lord's neck, and Senga had decreed The Gospel in Tangale that she ,be shot that night. The ar- THE Tangale tribe of northern rival of Mr. Guptill with his curative Nigeria are a people outside of ointment saved the woman's life.

historical record, although they number about fifty thousaud. They oc- Why the Christian Endeavor Society cupy a district approximately a thou- Disbanded A ~and miles inland north-east from the CHRISTIAN Endeavor Society in South Africa had to go out port of Lagos. The march of human progress left them far behind, and of existence because everyone of its their bows and arrows have been more members became a foreign mission- in use than hoe or plow; cannibal ary. This was reported by one speak- feasts have taken the place of harvest er at the nineteenth annual convention festivals. of the C. E. Union of South Africa, Their religion is animistic; their held in Wellington, Cape Colony. In world is filled with innumerable addition to this Union. of English- deified beings, and their God is in the speaking Endeavorers there is a feminine gender. Their dead are ac- Union _of Dutch-speaking young .peo- credited with power to help or hin- pIe, strong and energetic, in the Boer der their welfare. churches.

Training Center at Capetown to boil the rice, and after the meal THE Chtirch of England in South was over paid two dollars for their Africa has arranged to establish god and went home content.

in Capetown a center where women Not long afterward a Christian can have opportunity for study, and for practical and spiritual preparation worker caIled at their home and was as missionaries. A suitable house has been found available from April, led to read to the wife the forty- 1921. Miss Miles, who has had practical training in England and is fa- fourth chapter of Isaiah describiag miliar with South Africa, will be the head of this Training Home. . the making of an idol: "He heweth down cedars. . with part he roasteth roast, with part he warmeth himself, and the residue thereof he maketh a god." The woman was so School 01 African Life aDd Lauguages astounded at the exact description .f SOUTH Africa is to hav.e a school what she had witnessed that she felt of African Life and Languages. this must indeed be a true book, and Provision will be made for training in time became a believer in the true those students who contemplate taking God.

up the white man's task in relation to EUROPE nati.Y£ problems, too often dealt with by amateurs, or those who do not un- M_iallor WftldeR8l_ PatriMs derstand the native temperament. A chair of philology and one of social NEAR the College and Normal anthropology are prooosed, the whole School in Torre Pellice, the scheme to include lectures on law and Waldensian center at Piedmont, Italy, government, native lore and history. a hostel is nearing completion for or- phaned sons of men who fought and The advantage which Cape Town died in the war. Preference will be offers for such a school as .compared given Waldensian young men who inwith other centers is in its museum tend to enter the pastorate, and eighty for Native Anthropology, the Public or. ninety students can find comfort- Library of Philology and the fact able accommodation. A resident pasthat a large number of administrators tor will act as warden of the hostel, and missionaries reside there, creating an atmosphere suitable for the dis- Education is prized in these Walcussion of these ·subjects. The only densian valleys, and the students, well surviving person speaking the bush- trained and industrIOus as they are, man's language resides in Capetown. are eagerly sought for .important posts. Christian Express. Methodist Conege in Rome The Idol Maker Discredited THE Methodist Church of Italy has bought forty-eight acres of I N MADAGASCAR no home is land at Rome on which they are build- complete without a household ing a college for Italian students. This institution is the olltgrowth of god. Some years ago a young marrieli a smaller one which has been housed couple were setting up their home and in very cramped quarters in the cenasked a maker of idols to supply ter of Rome. their god. When they called to receive it, it was not yet made, and the No religion will be forced upon the idol maker asked them to wait. Go- students, but for those who are willing to the forest he seiected a piece of ing to listen there will be ample opw{)()d and set to work, while the portunity for learrung the truths of young couple chatted and made suggestions. In the evening he asked his an the Gospel. Dr. B. M. Tipple is customers to remain and take supper with him. They watched him light a President of the College, and the fire with the chips left from the .idol teachers., except the professor of English and physical director will be

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Protestant Italians. One thous'and Revivals have takenplaa:in 'Rus- students can be admitted. sia at many centers to which these prisoners of war have returned, and Reform Movement in Sicily thousands are reported to have been converted. T HE priests in Sicily have formed a society called the Federation NORTH ..MERIe." for the Redemption of the Clergy, and issue a paper caned "Rinnovamento;" LutJreran'CIrurr;h Growth which has adopted as its motto a saying from Gregory the Great:, "See THE United Lutheran Church in bow fall the world is of priests, but America has a present member- 110W rare are the laborers in the Lord's ship of over tliree and a half million, Vineyard." The editor charges that and an increase last year of 2Il,OOO. ministers in general are not prepared Foreign mission work is carried on by for their mission, and that they have 494 missionaf'ies, with 2U48 native lost touch with society. He cites the helpers, and the native church memgrowing discredit of the clergy, gen- bership on foreign fields is 123,927. eral ignorance of religious truths, the ~early seven hundred thousand dolsteady decline' in attendance at the lars was contributed toward mission seminaries, and the alien,ation of the work in 1919. masses from the Church, for all of which he lays the blame upon the Bibles for Blind Soldiers clergy. THE American Bible Society will Czecho-Slovak Preachers Wanted close its war work by present- ing to every American soldier blinded R s. EV. J. Porter of the Amer- during his service- ;r' copy of John's ican Board writes from Prague gospel in raised letters. The Society under date of June. 14: distributed, nearlv 7;()(x),()(X) Testa- ments, Bibles or portions of the Bible "There is a call for fifty new Prot- during the war, About 5,000,000 estant preachers. We do not know went to American soldiers and the where such a number of men would remainder to other fighting forces. live and where halls would be forthcoming for them to do their work in. A Christian Dally for Chicago Vtle need new buildings for the grow· ing work. The Prague church has A GROUP of Christian business still a debt, but the income of the flats men are planning to publish a -covers largely the interest, etc. Mr. Christian Daily Newspaper in Chicago. Zdychynec, the associate pastor of the An exchange s!lYs of this projec~' Prague church, is to be ordained and is probably the first fully educated "More than ever before in our hispreacher from Bohemia since the days tory such Christian voices are needed. of Huss." Politically, this Christian nation is dominated by un-Christian parties and For Russian War Prisoners directed to un-Christian ends. So- cially, there is warfare acute between THE transport of Russian prison- capital and labor, with the Christian ers from Germany to their own re1i1;ion left out of the calculations land began in May. At the end of and the actions. It is high time for August there were still about 160.000 the law of the Ruler to be expressed Russians in Germany. The Religious in the daily contemplation of events. Tract Society of Kassel, Germany, re- The political parties have their newsports twenty-two prison camp church- papers. So have the trusts and the es, with a Protestant Christian mem- labor interests. These special organs bership aggregating over 1000. Since are 'newspapers' using all~ their influ- Janlla~r r,ore than 500 war prisoners ence to, pr.omote_ the .palticular ..cause have :.. ,. baptized. '0 which they are openly or secretly {. 2dicated. Christianity is entitled to

one daily paper at least. And it can work in Kieft and the labors of Mr. Goroditch have been wonderfully serve its cause with open truth and blessed. The cost of the work is about $5,000 a year. without fear." .

The Presbyterian Witness.

An Armenia-America Society Successful Vacation Bible School THIS society has been founded A VACATION Bible School in "To unite in cooperation the Pasadena, Cal., during July many friends of Armenia for the pur- reached an enrolment of nearly 1000. pose of ascertaining the needs of Twenty-five unpaid teachers did the Armenia, of bringing those needs be- work and four denominations, Bapfore the American people and of se- tist, Presbyterian, Methodist andcuring the satisfaction of those needs Congregational cooperated. Enthusthrough American assistance." iasm of the pupils was so keen that probably double the. number of teach- While the Near East Relief is ers will be required next year. The meeting the physical needs in Ar- work was a mixture of sloyd, manual menia, this new Society will concern training, domestic arts, story telling itself with' the political needs of the and Bible study. The children, ascountry, aiding them to secure a fair sembled from many grades of society, adjustment of their boundary ques- and, taught during the morning hours tion, and to reestablish themselves in only, memorized as much Scripture as their homeland. most Sunday-school pupils can repeat after a year's study. The Society proposes to educate the public on the opportunity before The Continent. America and to urge the Department of State in Washington to act along Home MissioQS Council to Carry Forward the lines named. Interchurch Surveys Anyone desirous to join this effort may become a voting member by con- 'THROUGH agreement with the tributing five dollars or over. Rev. , officials of the Interchurch Ernest W. Riggs, 287 Fourth Ave., New York, is Secretary-Treasurer. World Movement the Home Missions Council is undertaking special pieces The Hebrew Christian Alliance MIssion of work in the unfinished tasks in the Survey Department of the Movement. AT THE RECENT meeting of Under the direction of Dr. E. DeS. the Hebrew Christian Alliance Brunner the Rural Survey Departbetween fifty and sixty young Hebrew ment is putting its valuable material into shape for use by the Home Mis- Christians were present, who were all sion Boards. Associate Secretary Roundy is appraising the values of preparing for missionary work. They the Negro Suney. Further work on the Migrant Groups, Lumber Camps are ready to take up a special course and Foreign Language Groups and Literature is being done. Work in of study from the service as the way city groups has been kept in hand and reference will early be made to the is open. J oint Committee on Community and Industrial Relations of the Home Mis- The Alliance has now definitely de- sions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. These cided to undertake work for the Jews two Councils have just published the report of Mr. Jay S. Stowell on "Mexin Russia and has not only sent $500 ican and Spanish Americans in the to aid the Hebrew Christians at Kieft United States." but these American Hebrew Chris- (Continued on page 936) tians are now supporting an American Hebrew Christian worker there, Mr.

Fagans. one of the missionaries of the "Hebrew Christian Testimony,"

founded by Rev. David Baron of Lon- don. .

The "Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel" has recently taken up this I SUPPOSE- That just as you were about to settle dowu for an old age of comfort and wellcearned rest, one' of your friends should tell you of an opportunity to increase your savings' by an investment that couldn't go wrong. You took the tip, placed your money on thi~ venture which it didn't seem possible could fail-and lost it all!

It Has Happened to Others-Why Not to YOU?

SUPPOSE- That after your death your wife, perhaps inexperienced in the handling of money, should look around for a safe investment for your savings. Alonl!" came the convincing salesman with the abso- lutely safe proposition which would mean a steady income for her for the rest of her life. She trustfully invested her all-and lost every cent of it !

It Has Happened to Others-Why Not to You?

SUPPOSE- That after you had drawn up a will providing for your family and devoting part of your estate to further some great work of the church some dissatisfied heir or relative should contest it. The cafe went to the court, through long legal battles. Your estate was .tied up and finally almost consumed tlirough litigation. Your loved ones and your church were the victims!

It Has Happened to Other Wins-Why Not to Yours?

Why take such chanc~ when you can avoid any such possibility by investing in LIFE ANNUITY BONDS?

Our Life Annuity Bonds are your insurance for ttffgular income for the /!alance of your life.

By investing in them you not only secure an old age of comfort and peace for your- self-but for your loved ones as well.

A nd above all you have the genuine satisfaction of knowing that after you have gone the dollars you worked for will be devoted to the good of mankind through Ihe Church of Jesus Christ.

We want to tell you more about our plan. Won't you write for particulars to– GEORGE M. FOWLES, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist EPiscopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York; or, W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer 01 the Board of Holne Missions and Church Exten- sion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

Please mention THf: MISSIONARY Rsvn:w or -tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers NEWS. FROM. MANT·I.MftJ8 THE (Continued from page 934) Correspondence Courses Conservation and practical use of results obtained wilt be made through OF the Conference for allocation of un- occupied Indian Fields to be held at Union Bible Seminary Wallace Lodge, Yonkers,-New York, September 28 and 29, and through WESTFIELD. INDIANA similar conferences in October at Al- Have·been ·stud;td by .",.,..·t;200 ministers. 'buquerque, New Mexico, the 6th; EI miaaionaries. SUDday School w….lrera and interesttd believer.' ill" 'tile – Pi-emillennial Paso, Texas., the 7th; Tucson, Ari- Second Coming of Christ. zona the 8th, 9th and 10th as covering the needs of the Spanish American SERIES I groups in the Southwest. Joint ar- TWENTY LESSONS IN DIBLE PROPHECY <J:.~gto~I …y Bible Hi8torrand Proph..,y from rangements for work among Orien- tals on the Pacific Coast will be con- SERIES II sidered in group meetings at Los An- geles October 13, and San Francisco TWENTY LESSONS IN REVELATION October 14 and 15. Consideration of methods for work among Mormons An eueedingly plain and r….nable interprelatioD of Ihio diffi· will' occupy representatives of the oull h o o k . ' . Boards at Salt Lake City October 17 Oar MetlJod . -&nd One Dollar for «ther efoourro2e(.}M…Id.u•. and 18. ……… aboot·"iU he oenl Ie> ~_kIy No furtbor <orresponden.. """""""Y. anI_ you desire to ask "Morning' Star Misslon" questions. for which no charge ia made. THE "Morning Star Mission," Jo- .BMlminCltioru are optionalud chat&e 25c. liet, m., was opened November DipIo_ granted for aatiolactory resuJt.o. 18, 1919. by a group of Christian business men. and Peter McCarthy, s….p/e••-Tbe firBl "'eel and proopeetu. of either COUl'110 gambler, prize fighter and alcoholic _t flee on reqnesl. wr~ck whom the grace of God had StlidoAte can.begin alany time and can .tudy·oingly or in cl…… transformed, was placed at the head Paotors find il helpful·to keep young peepI& interested in Bible of it. This year the Mission will cele- Bludy. Addreal brate'its eleventh anniversary. It is located on a street known as "Whis- UNION BIBLE' SEMINARY key Row," in a ward. which contains people of twenty-seven nationalities. WESTFIELD. INDIANA anq the statistics for the past year show how effective has been its serv· Save ice. Conversions in 1919 were 447; Gospels and Testaments gil'en out, $32.00 672; loaves of bread, 1680; railroad fare for 28 wayward boys and girls; We want you to KNOW that we can save you free clothing to 293 persons and free from $25 to $32 by buying our meals to 1122. Bulletin Board Those heJped to a useful life include We also want you to KNOW that our board university men and ie-norant fellows is made of the very bEost material, is DURA- who never had a chance, men em- ployed in the steel mills and those in. BU. HANDSOME, ATTRACTIVE. CON- prison. Even ministers' sons are among the number who have come V E N I E N T. . under the influence of the Mission.

Make Us Prove It A Postal will save you many dollars. Yegroes Call for Black Nation R. W. HOLLINGSWORTH MFG. CO. A THIRTY-DAY convention to take up the problems of the OVERTON, NEB. Negro race was held in New York City last August, under the direction (Continued on page (37) Please mention TH:£ MISSIOHARY bvtltw Olf TH. WORl,D in writinl' to advertisers NEWS FIlGM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 936) of Marcus Garvey, President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and leader in the movement to free Africa for the Negroes. This Association is said t6 have a membership of more than 1,000,000.

President Gan ey urged an organization of the 4OO,OOO,(X)() Negroes of the World to take over the continent of Africa and establish there a Negro democracy.

An African prince, several chiefs and descendants of chiefs, as well af representatives from Central America, the West Indies, Canada and every section of the United States, attended the Convention.

Negro Miniirers Study Problems rt1WO Negro rural ministers' in- .1' stitutes were held during the summer, one at Forsyth, Georgia, and M~~:l:x.r;:m:i.~~J't.:::~.:t:: .:.: the other at Trenton, S. C., under the general direction of Dr. James H. ALL dane. 0/ people? We can tell you Dillard, of Charlottesville,. Va., and In lour word.: assisted by both white and colored men who are actively engaged in 8eeau_ of It• •er•• tintyl pioneer educational work. The Multiplex Hammond doeo Some of the topics studied were tvel'7thing .any oth.." ~J>ewrUer will do.•nd· be..d.., It you ',wat, turn the "How to Prepare a Sermon," "The _ill.. .11 0k1n. otybp"ey.o_u…f..r"o.nmeohn_ee·laffniigri,l,'-o.ne_e_b_Ie Minister and his .correspondence," other. Note the above opecimeo "Church .Records and Finance," "The (1lbthtly reduced) all 'M Church and the Neighborhood, and ….,hristianity and Health."

BAliB macA",.•• Christianity and Health." No Other TypeWl'lter Can Do Thl.

THE new American Leprosari'um ""at No matter ..A. for the exclusive use of lepers ay.oreu. are. you of the United States has at last been 01" "Mr. you located in Louisiana by the purchase ……. the Multlpl8ll of 400 acres by the Fedel;"al Govern- . Hammond·" the ment for this purpose: Lepers living in no less than twenty different states, f..o..r-ttYiDOaU.. ." "M"&. . .l1. . in lonely ~rid tmcomfortable surround- the C:OUIlOll for rr… folder. ings, can now be furnished with all that medical skill can do for them. > Also a PORTABLE Model The American Mission to Lepers Full capacity. Welglat ..bout 11 pnvnde. makes an appeal for the ministry of > Alk for lpecI&I folder. Mailed free. a ~hrist~ greeting for these thotlsand or more lepers. The most ap-' Inquire about .peel.' t.r…. preciated articles are soap, sandals to prof••lIlonal. and blankets, but clothing, food and medical supplies are always in de- … _…___ … __ .. ___~r. . FoId..________ ……. __ mand. Mr. W. M. Danner, American Secretary of the Mission to THE HAIIMOND TY,EWJITEJ.ro. Lepers, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 571 E••t 19th St., New YOI'll CIt,.. (Ctmtimmi on page 939) – P1_ II8IId r_ Folder to: _ N~e, _____________________ _ Ad~. __________________ . OOCUpatloo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ PI"""" mention THE MI!lSlOlWtY Rmllw OF 'flUI Won.. in writing to advem.e..

DO YOU LEAVE

TO OTHERS?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your business affairs?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your domestic affairs?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your social affairs?

THEN WHY LEAVE IT TO _OTHERS TO CARRY ON YOUR LORD'S BUSINESS?

Suppose that the miasionaries all shrugged their shoulders and said. "Oh. I have other things things to do. some one else will go". What would happen to the miasionary program?

They are doing their part abroad. Why do you leave your end of the task at home to others?

I t is your duty to create the missionary interest here at home which will stimulate and support the workers on -the field. – Miasiona~ education-an informed intelligent understanding of the missionary plans. purposes and progress-is the secret of a real rniasionary church. By sowing a crop of MISSIONARY REVIEW subscriptions in yOUr church you can make yours-a real missionary ",ongregation–a. real support to the workers in the 6eId.

REMEMBER Your part of the talk is important! . Your part 'of the 'task must be done! Your part of the task can be done belt by you!

Missionary Review of the World "A MISSIONARY REVIEW_ 156 Fihh Ave.• New York.. representative in every Protestant- church" is our aim. That includes Gentlemen:- your church. As a worker for missions I am ready to do my Your church needs the REVIEW. part to make our church a missionary church. Please Do not leave it to others to supply teU me yourplaris for representing tLe REVIEW. it.

Name ..•……………..~…. .' .•….. : ……….• Send us the attached coupon and do your part today! Address…………………..•………..• City………..•……..State……. . Church ..•.•…………-:….~:.

Please mention THJt 'MISSI'ONARY' R~VIJtW OF THJ: WORLD in writing to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 937) will gladly send circular with full particulars as to what would be most "i'm hungry for something fine just acceptable, and when and where to 10 read on the Sunday schpol lesson send gifts. .each week. I study hard. of c(J)Jrse, ReHgion at State Universities but I· want something that 'carries me along,' I want perspective and inspira- THE Lutheran says that of the tion. I want a summing uo of the big 8,800 students registered at the things in each lesson, cone by a maSter University of Pennsylvania only 3,878 were church members. This of spiritual discernment. and~well. institution has a larger percentage of non-church members than manv you understand-by someone whose others, but the fact remains thit English is as rich and meaningful in writing as Jowett's is in preaching."

there is a steadily decreasing rela- That's the way a business ptan tionship with the Church among Sunday school teacher fran'dy puts it.

young people seeking a higher educa- He has his answerI Britain's great- tion. A vigorous movement is on est devotional writer foot among leading denominations to Dr. Alexander Smellie provide more adequate religious in- struction at state universities. The in Methodists have paid $284,000 for ilJt junbav ~d.J1J1l1_ property on which to build college churches, and have just laid the brings to him every wee", and to foundation of what is to be a $1,- 000,000 institution at the University thousands of others Ii".e him, the Sunday school lesson's ri~hest spiritual of .Illinois. The Disciples are raising a fund of $800,000 for a similar truths in a settin!!' of faultless literary undertaking, and Presbyferian, Bap- finish-just to read.

tists and Congregationalists are mov- "Immense humanity, eluoive humor ing in the same direction. playing overe.verything. hold pictorial language, pithy upre,sion and virile World Outlook Plans energy combine to make up a style native and racy, but sweetened always THE World Outlook, the illus- and even sublimated by a wonderful trated missionary . magazine .pirituality."

which was inaugurated by the Meth- Christians everywhere who know his work odist Board of Foreign Missions in 1916, and was last year taken over are thanking God for Dr. Smellie. You will. by the Interchurch World Movement,. as soon as you have become acquainted with him. The simplest way ia to make uoe at once now makes the following' announce- of our "Get-Acquainted" offer by which ment. many thouoands have come to know The Sunday School Times, with ita dozen or more "The World Outlook well now be trained specialists writing ("r you on the study published by Mr. A. S. Watkins, pub- and teaching of the International Improved lisher of American Business. Mr. Uniform' Lessons.

Willard Price, who has edited the In return for the full name and magazine from the beginning, will continue as editor and the policy will re- address of one .of your fellow main unchanged under the new pub- workers who doe. not yet take ~ the paper. we will send you Jo •~ a little 8-palle biographical lisher. The World Outlook win stand .ketch of Dr. Smellie • ~".'4' 11' not only for the missionary propa- and hi. work. ganda of all denominations, but for ./~ THE SUNDAY every movement of religion, com- ; – SCHOOL TIMES .,. COMP.NY merce and .poIitics which -means sane t:'ffl eD._ P'" . ' / 1131 W…… !t. PIoiIaoI.r,hia Christian progress." ,)~ For tbe 25 eon'" )i'0> ~ ~.y Bellool TImeo LATIN AMERICA .: Bubonic Plague in Vera Crnll ,). ,.c.I' Name..__________________________• THE appearance of bub 0 n i c "Address.____________•__________ .:..______. plague in Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Continued on page 940) Please mention THE MISSIONARY R!VIltW 0" ~H.· WORI.D in writing to advertisers With. the Smaller Ear Piece NEWS FROM MANY LANDS Will Make You Hear Continued from page 939) There is'no lon~ any Deed .for you, to he8l" im… could not properly be called an epiperfectly, for.training to bear or being con9picu- demic, but was regarded as sufficiently serious to require rigid preventive ~~:e=g~~..rIY°.;;'t'i, ~~Of~~ ~~c~~~ measures. The Institute Moreios, a ~~~:~~~na j~~tO: s~r:=~' it is Girls' School under the Presbyterian Board, was closed by the authorities Thousands of ~n1ihusiastic Acousticon users have for three weeks, after which pupils who had been inoculated for the dis- .-..-'to tile wenderfllt >'eSUlts o b _ from ease were allowed to return.

it, and we feol sale in urging every person who is The. enforcement of. sanitary meahard of hearin!r to accept, without a penny of sures immediately doubled the cost of expense. and entirely at our risk. the food, since market men were not al- lowed to enter the city. Eggs went to 1920 Acousticon . 25c apiece, and fresh vegetables were not to be had. For 10 Daya' FREE TRIAL Y. W. O. A. in Brazil lIO"OEPOSIT":'NO EXPENE THE second South American !!!m"1.:t-.: i/d!. want expens~e toiy:ou~~ot~he.":tria~l, branch of the Y. W. C. A. it back. ~o::fi::,e_ i~f opened in Rio de Janeiro in July, with without a cent of a charter membership of eight hun- !:ti%i:~.l::~h!~i:tr:::=:, ~~~8t~h!-;~QOki:db:! dred. For .three weeks preceding, a now have. Write for Your FREE TRIAL today. campaign for five hundred members had been carried on in the city, under Dictograph Product" 6.rperation the direction of a committee of ten 144J~"""".ut"""r. ,', -, N. . .· V. . . . women, most of whom were from tbe United States. The only other branch· Association is at Buenos Aires.

Temperance in Urngnay Montgomery., W~d A LAW just passed in Uruguay & Company .contains a section whick re- quires that in all public schools there Manu'achD'ers and EKporters shall be lectures upon the harmful- neSS of alcoholic drink," so as to bring of Genetal Merchandi.. about a diffusion of knowledge on this subject and create an aversion Have ellferrd W the requirrlRenr. .of for alcohol." MlMi~rie!l.In:,aU parts. of the world; for ovu 2S yean. This law does not make Uruguay "dry," but it does away with drinking in public saloons, near markets or on wharves and ,docks; The sale of liquor is permitted where' food is served. Sale of liquor is forbidden w write for. eopy of our arll! Cataloc ' to women and children; also to sol- ,.. ce-J..u.-mej:diM,4UId.,_ .,aciM",r, diers and non-cotnllUssimled officers, Missionary Circular and' policemen. .

.f .. 'OBITUARY NOTES We guarantee isaledelivery Dr. H. C. Herrblg anywhere Dr; Hubert C. Herring, Secretary MON'FGOME-R-¥-WAID ~-C6MPANY of .the National Council of Congrega- ' tional churches since 1913, was. drowned on August 6, whileswim~', ming off the coast of Martha's Vine~ yard, Mass. Dr. Herring had had (Continued on page f)4I) Please mention: Tn IIIftSStOlOIT'1lI!VYlW tw 'tHIC WonD in writing to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS LA TEST ::~ TItLES (Continued from page 940) n-l~ REAL CHRIST 'd: i R. ,4. TOrrey, D.D.

the chief responsibility for the suc- "'~thor of U Fundamental Doctrines oj the Chri.do,. ,cess of the Tercentenary Celebration, FoiIA.." and in addition had been carrying heavy responsibilities_ in connection With rare spiritual discernment and with a deep Intui- with several interdenominational tive appreciation of the character of the Master, Dr. movements. Torrey has drawn a. series of masterly and unforget- table portraits of the man Christ Je…… After attending McCormick and Princeton Seminaries he was ordained EVERYBODY'S WORLD 12m_ o. _ Ne_ t. .1B.d7tIY5 to the Presbyterian ministry in 1887. Later he was pastor of the First Con- With panoramic sweep and the. Insight of a world gregational Church of Omaha, N e- missionary the author lays on our heartll the burden of braska and in 1907 became General Secretary of ,the Congregational the crying need of the natioDs. ,4mericats duty in the Home Missionary Society. He was a present crisis is defined with convincing clearness. power in the Congregational Church and his loss will be widely and keenly . Net. '1.00 felt. FOUR HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED GOSPELS or Rev. L. D. Heminger Africa Rev. Wm. E. ,BarlOn, D.D Efulen Station in the Kamerun has Author oj HThe Soul of A.brahom Lin.eola" suffered severely in the loss of Rev. L. D. Heminger, who met a tragic While Imaginer.r. theBe new stories of the Christ are death last April. Mr. Heminger had based on the New Testament record and have great set a trap for a leopard which had valUe and interest tor tile student ot the G<lspel•. annoyed the missionaries by stealing . 12mo. Net. '1.50 food, and one evening when examining the gun both barrels went off and STORY WORSHIP PROGRAMS FOR THE shattered his left arm. With great difficulty he made his way to the dis- CHURCH SCHOOL YEAR pensary, where black medical assistants did the best they could, but it Rev. Jay S. S ……ell, M • .4. was almost forty-eight hours before skilled medical attention could be had. A series of ideal devotional programs for boys and Help was too late, and Mr. Heminger girls covering every Sunday In the Church SchOOl year.. passed away April 30. Mrs. Hem- COntain. tile material alld .u~"'hieh JaBi<>r alld inger and her two young sons will Intermediate workers have long wanted. remain on the field until their furlough is due in January. 12mo. Net. .1.50 Dr. Jesse Brooks or Cbicago THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF ST. PAUL Rev. Jesse W. Brooks, D. D., Sec- Rev. Do"id Sm,itla, D.D. retary of the Chicago Tract Society, Author of '''The DaYIJ of Hu FlelJla" died in the Presbyterian Hospital of that city on July 22. Dr. Brooks was This monumental life Qf the great Apostle presents the born in Connecticut in 1858, grad- results of arehaeological find-tn-g'fl aDd scholarly. inftsUuated from Union Theological Semi- gatinns of the past two deca.des. Octavo witll series of nary in 1884, and from that year un- Net. '6.00 til 1898 he heldvastorates in Congre- beautiful new maps in COIOT. gational and Reformed Cburcb~, after which he identified himself with THE MENACE OF IMMORALITY IN CHURCH the work of the Chicago Tra<:t So- AND STATE ciety. Ref) • .Iolu& R. StTlIt8~.lJ..D. r …lGr. Cor…ry Baptiot Chwrd<,. New Y-*.

Is America being destroyed like Ancient Greece 8.11.d Rome by Immorality? is the -startling questren raised IDustrated. Net. '1.75 by Dr. Straton.

THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH Basil Mat""…

'Whh a Foreword by Vucount Bryce, Author 0/ "Lh.1ingston the Pathfinder"

The adventures of the "Mayflower" Pilgrims told for young people. A most complete and fascinating Btory. Net. '1.50 With colored illustrations and maps.

THE FOUNDING OF ANATfON Frank M .. (kent Pictures with fascinating skill one ot the most slgnUl- cant and epochal emigrations III the hlotory ot maD·. Net. '2.25 search for Individual liberty.

TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS Lut""..,4. Wei…. Th.. accomplished author of ·"The Pupil and tile Teaeh- er" ca1'l'ies on in this new volume a emrttnuatlon of his 8klllfuJtreatment of teaching problems. Net. '1.25 THE LORD OF LIFE AND DEATH Rev. J. D. Jo-.

AuthDr 0/ Ulj B Man Die"

Tbe Exposi tory Times says of this El<»08ltk>n err tlte Mira£le of the "l'alaing of I…at:APus, "HePe ill a ",*-me of pure exposition the like of which we have been told we should never agaln.._·· N_ FJdttloD. Net..l.60 BIBLE "TYPES OF MODERN MEN ,4..thor ../ UT""Rm""• .– …. Mackintosh'M.."lraYI B . D.

and R..,…..,. of Sin'

In tIlese Inspiring lectures to young men I;loetor Mackay draws a series of character pOrtraits of tileD of today whose qualities parallel those of the great men of tlte New EdItion. lfee;, '1.75 Blbl..

BIB1..E TYPES OF MODERN WOMEN .4udaor oJ IR"". rWY.JNM_ac"kMino."d,e,"r.MMace!nr"ay. 8. ·D• "'~ sum A serl.. of lectures to young women on Bible women ad tIlel.. modem exemplars. New EcllUen. Net.

GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madt80n Awnue, New Yon: ………… JaAlaMdoa. . HeoIdp• •_ . . NEW ,BOOKS ON MISSIONS Could You Read Shepard of Aintab. By Alice Shepard With Your Hands? Riggs. 12mo. 200 pp. $0.75. Inter- church Press, New York. 19.20.

Thousands 01 blind must! The Dawn of a New Era in Syria. By Margaret McGilvary. Bvo. 302 pp.

$2.50. Fleming H. RevelJ, N ew York and Chicago. 1920.

$10 will pay for a Tes- A Moslem Seeker After God. By Sam- tament and $2 for a uel M. Zwemer. Bvo. 302 pp. $2.25. Gospel'in blind type. Fleming H. Revell, New York and Souvenir verse free. Chicago. 1920. Help us also give the Bible ·to immigrants, Persian Pictures. Poems. By Mary F. seamen and the poor. Labaree. 12mo. 64 pp. $1.00. Flem- ing H Revell, New York and Chi- Write us about Annuity cago. 1920. Bonds Jewels from the Orient. By Lucy Sea- man Bainbridge. 12mo. 125 pp. $1.00. Fleming' H. Revell, New York and Chicago. 1920.

Every kind of Bible for sale: Scofield, China, the Mysterious and Marvellous. Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, By Victor Murdock Bvo. 310 pp. Nelson, at Special Discount•• $2.50. Fleming H. Revell, New York and Chicago. 1920. Universal Bible Sunday, Dec. 5th. Fez and Turban Tales. By Isabel No "han,e in date. Free literature Blake. 12mo. 115 pp. Interchurch Press, New York 1920. NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY China and the Gospel Report of the 675 Madison Ave. (lIlth year) New York China Inland Mission.' 56 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and Lon- don. 1920.

Progress in the Mikado's Empire. By Robert Cornell Armstrong. Metho- dist Church of Canada, Toronto. 1920.

GET THIS ILLUSTRATED Through Santo Domingo and Haiti. By BOOKLET TODAY-ONLY 150 Samuel Guy Inman. 12mo. 96 pp. Committee on Cooperation in Latin Ridding the America, 25 Madison Avenue, New World of Leprosy York.

Missionary Morale. By George A. Miller. 16mo. 156 pp. $1.00. Metho- dist Book Concern, New York and Cincinnati. 1920.

By W. M. DANNER Missionary Survey As an Aid to Co- operation in Foreign Missions. By Every Christian should read this succinct Roland Allen and Thomas Cochrane. account of the great problem which concerns 12mo. 183 pp. $2.40. Longmans, . Greene & Co., New York. 1920. '

the Protestant Clturch especially today. It The Spending of a Thank Offering. Regives in a nutshell, facts that' many' would like to k.1ow: How the Mission to Lepers port. Bvo. 196 pp. The Macmillan Works-Restoring to Helpfulness-Saving Company, New York. 1920. the' Untainted Children-Curing the Jncur- Thirsting After God. By Dan Craw- ford. 12mo. 189 pp. 3s. Pickering & Inglis, London. 1920.

able—-How it can be Done. The Founding of a Nation. By Frank M. Gregg. Bvo. 479 pp. $2.25. George 48 JNl&es, paper covers:-containing H. Doran Company, N ew York. colored map showing distribution of' 1920. Leprosy in the World. The Real Christ. By R. A. Torrey. per Sent poatpaid-15c copy $1.75. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1920. . The Ameriean Mission to 'lepers . The Church and Industrial Reconstruc- 156·Fifth Ave. New York tion. By the Committee on'the War and the Religious Outlook.. 8vo. 296 ,..', .. ~ ~ ,. . , . SltND 2c.. STAMP FOR THE S'I'ORY pp. $2.00 Asso:iation Press, New York. 1920. '., , OF ~ BOY, A JUG AND A LEPER. ,Neighboring<New Americans. By Mary Clark Barnes. 16mo. 68 pp. $0.75.

.,Fleming H. Revell; New York and ·Chicago. 1920.

. ,P,llf;~se m~tiqn. r~lt _~SSIO:'~ltY lllCY'I~'" ,.~•. 1HJt WP@l.t;» in writing _tc.:). adver.tjsers

94.3

MI~IONARYPERSONALS ,R1<:v. S. HAI,I, YOUNG, D., D., veteran FALL Presbyterian missionary to Alaska now in OFFERINGS the Home Board office, is spending four months in Alaska studying unoccupied fields. He represents the Home Missions DREAMS AND VOICES Council' and two Boards of the Presby- terian Church. … … … by Grace Hyde Trine, DR. J. B. GAMBREI,l" President of the An anthology of mother, father and Southern Baptist Convention ahd DR. E. Y. child verse mostly by modern Ameri- MUl,UNS, President of the Southern Bap- can and British poets. There are tist Theological Seminary in Louisville eighty (:oems, some grave, some gay, are making a world tour of inquiry into but each one a treasure in itself. the Southern Baptist mission fields. Mrs. Trine contends th"t the father DR. AND MRS. 'J"OH*N *M. SPRINC"R, pio- has been neglected in anthologies of mother and child verse, and, she has neerS in Methodist mission work in the made up for this negle<-t. Everyone Congo, have returned to Elizabethville, who loves beautiful poetry ..ill want Belgian Congo, after having taken part in this exquisite book. But someho..

the African division of the Centenary one thinks of it especially as a liift Campaign. Dr. Springer first went to book for mothers. Price $2.00 boxed.

Africa in 1901. A CANTICLE OF THE YEAR *** by Elvira J. Slack MAJOR JOlIN T. AXTON, who entered the No girlhood is quite complete without United States Army as chaplain in 1902, a birthday book. It is one of the few possessions "hich is cherished' long has now been made chief of chaplains, with after other treasures have been "hand. ed 'down." And this ie a lovely one, the rank of colonel. His duties will in- a small, plump little volume hound in green and decorated in silver. There clude investigation of the qualifications of is a beautiful bit of prOse or a poem for each day and space to record the candidates for appointment as chaplains, birthdays. , A gift to, give to girls and for girls to give each other. Price and general coordination and supervision $1.25 '" of all religious activities in the army…….

MISS MARGARET SVTTERY is making a seven months' tour around the world. She will speak at the World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo and will probably be a speaker at many of the post-conventions THE YOUNG WOMAN CITIZEN in China and Japan. From the various by Mary AU$tin countries which she visits Miss Slattery Thinking men as well as women will will write a series of letters to young peo- welcome a book which sets forth trust- .. '" .. wort.h!) guideposts for a working philple. osopby of citizenship. It is a brilliant- ly written discussion for all world cit- PROF. C. H. ROBBRTSON has returned to izens of the responsibilities that are assumed with the right to vote, to- Shanghai to continue his work as head gether with comprehensive survey of the development of th~ citizen frorn of the lecture division of the Y. M. C. the age of the sav1ge tribe to the pres- ent era of tumbling autocracies. A. in China. … * .. MR. J. C. RocBRs, of the London City Paper $1.00, Cloth $1. 75.

Mission, has retired from active service ICE BREAKERS with the Mission after nearly fifty years of connection with the work.

* .. * REV. HENRY LooM~S, for thirty years a representative of the American' Bible So- ciety in Japan, died in Tokyo, August by Edna Geister 23d. Dr. Loomis was born in Burlington; The seventh printing pf1'Ice Breakers" N. Y, in 1839. …….. the now famons little volume of games REV. SAMUEl, H. GREENE, D. D., pastor and stunts by "an author whose .. ork is play", is just off the press. No of Calvary Baptist Church in Washington, library is quite complete without this fun-making, play-planning little book D. C.' for forty-one years, died Septem- which holds the key to the suCcess of .. .. .. . every conceivable kind of party! A b~r 7, splendid volume for grown-ups, 'child- ren or the in-between age. Price $1.35 MRS. LOUIS" S"YMOUR HOUGHTON, a director in the American McAIl Mission and charter member of the first religious …… settlement in America, died in August in BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE or her ei.ghty,~th'i- l'd year. _THE WOMAN'S .. PRESS Car,,)! AI,AK", of Abeokuta, West . '600-Lexinl1t:on Ave., ,. New Y~rk City Africa, died last August. Although not a baptize<ij, Christian, Cbie£. Alake') .gave.

".ptheraorutyghosuutpph;o.rtt;::tro~;~~mcii~sTs!ioiEn.aMrJySSJa~c"t,i~vyi"tyR!VIE,W OF;~Y;~~i~W~,,!;"1,~D~~~~;=;'~~~~7==::;::==r=:;::;~ Books of The MGt'k 01 CI 6eaic'I~… Helpfulit~ . ·uwittcn:fo meef'G.,…) __ and NEW TOOLS for Leoders and Individuals America's Stake in the Far East The Gospel of Out of 000….

CHARLES HARVEY FAHS FRANCIS E. CLARK ..4 ~·ProbIe". .Di.eq.8ion." &ri_ boole. MMro.vCemlaerkn,t,fo_u-nodefr of the Christian Endeavor Questions on the Issues Involved In Christian _.joys of "th',,'eed <>at&- ~ America'. relations to the Far East, with val- ~':d'~:=:-:e::~ ~~i~ft~~~=·ft ~ uable reference 'tUotatlons setting forth the Craft bue"'."" $1.;5. priDelpaJ SnggestiODS for solution of the QUe9IIIOOB ~. Paper 9Sc. doth, 1.35. Gotama Buddha Christian Adventure A. HERBERT GRAY KENNETH J. SAUNDERS Shows that Christianity "Embodies the one A stndy of the lite and .peDIODality .of this graal; __. summons to men and women that is adequate Eastern seeker ..fter GOO, which grows out of- t& their humanity. and otl'ersthe ..00 hope of sound achol&rBbip and has much liren.ry_,.. solving th.. problems of e1v1J1zation. aa weUaaaplrJtnaliludght. ~ bo……I.35.:…

Paper board., 1.25. How Jesus Met Life Questions Christian Task HARRISON S. ELLIOTT J. HAROLD DU BOIS A. uProblem. Di.scuuion" Seriea boo&;:. A ~4IVetfI Generation" Series book.

Presents the snpreme need of the age as a big Can be nsed for a systematic study of the constructive, cooperative Christian task. It is lite of Jesus or topicall y for tthheehedlipscoUfMthioenuo.rf ….-• a mingling of the practical &ad the idealistic, present-day qnestions. with in the spirit of the reconstruction period. of Jesua in their solution. Mollatt's tranola- – tiOD of the New Testament is used for the Paper boards, 1.15. Scripture p"""ages. Cloth, .SO.

Church and Industrial Reconstruction In the Prison Camps of Germany— Prepared under the direction 0/ uTh. Com- CONRAD HOFFMAN mitt-ee on. &Ja.e .,.or and dWJ Reli6ioru 0",- look" A !!rlpplng narrative of "Y" service among .

i!gJ!rg~~!n;l:;:~~:;; !~~~ti~~to t':!re1: E~=e:; ~l..w~~~=:.nl~~~~ indllStry; Not a tr~ati.e on pOlitical economy or social re f o mrmtw• eTCakhersisittis" point of de parture 1919. Cloth,lIIuatrated,4,OO. . deftnitely f r o " relildon a nd undertakes to discover what would be demanded Jesus and his Cause by its thoroughgoing application to the industrial problems of today. Cloth, 2.00. A. BRUCE CURRY, Jr.. d "Preblem macuNion." Seriu boolr:..

Communily P'8gram. (…. C..peratiA, Chur<bes The Gospel by Mark from the prohlem view- point. Outstanding. problems are studied ROY B. GUILD. Edit…. through questioIl8 which bring out the Scrip- ture principles and apply them to oreseot-4ay_ The reports of nine Commissions which met in issues. Cloth, .75. Cleveland. Oliio, June 1-3, 1920, ro deliberate upon a working program of co-operative effort among the churches. Cloth, I.SO. Jesus the Master Teach… Every Morning HERMAN HARRELL HORNE ROBERT CLUETT A new and stimulating way to study the ·lile of ~,:~:;1~De::!':,;r!~~J,'i.f":J"::' ~:':…~: Jesus. Arranged in outline question ·ferm to ~~.::;t~ .t"~~w=:'''yl.:'~~·l.st~· aid lead into di8culoIion. on how tQ..c.JoaDoIle &he.__ teaching aspects of Jesus' work. Cloth, 2.00.

Going Afoot Somethi… More BAYARD H. CHRISTY KIRBY PAGE A "'JVfnG Generation" SeM. book. Many will gain from this Ii ttle book a. new There are vast retIOW'CeII that are ~_ =~ ~;~:'Jeor.::~ t~ad;":~t more" in iGchodillI8inb· JDBIJ, hi ~ "BOIIRItblug Jnure. wh ook, wr " Aeeounto 01 iamoWl wari,iftil clubB In Amerlea. Christ. and i_ by_ a member of the new generation, 8UIIllD8M _~, and dI.rections for the organr",tlDn and conduet of such a crub, Cloth,] .35. _ toapproprlatetorourselves. Paper.boanla,I.2S. ., u. At y,mr Book.tore or /rom ASSOCIATION PRESS~ 347 Madison A-.,. NEW YORK Publication Depart.mUlt, International Committee, Y. M. C. A…

Please mention TH. IIISlIOXAaY lttttlw o. THI WoaLD in writing to advertisers

Moses Spent Much of His

training the children of Israel in the. rules of health. Witness the longevity of the Hebrew race in spite of untoward circumstances.

The duty of the church in adopting Sanitary Communion Cups is imperative. In this for- ward step will the church be mindful of its own.

An Inexpensive Service The Sanitaty Communion Outfit Company provides a tasteful and inexpensive service; the noiseless, highly polished wooden trays for the cups being in keeping with church furniture. The Outfit adds to the beauty, solemnity and repose of the Communion Service.

A Conservator of Health Make your communion service not alone an uplifting of the spirit of your community but a real conservator of the health of your people.

Send for free descriptive booklet with catalogue and prices.

NOl'lI–In many States me law DOW' forbid" Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the dogie cup at the commuuioQ &00 57th Street ~I:i:' y~~8~~dl!~!>:. ·nv~~t:~t! =~hria:J~~~iain:ar~mth~ Rochester, N. Y.

of communlon for this very reason. If you have not yet adopt~d the modern,. sani~ communion cup' let this be one of your 1lr8t forward fltePB in 1920.

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COP"rlUGHT. UNDERWOOD &: lJ''''''OOD KUFA OR GRASS BOAT ON· mE TIGRIS RIVER New Lectures Added to Our Rental Service pOLAND AND CZECHD-SLOVAKIA.< It is a lecture of the hour, 64 slides; 22 plain, 3 sepia, 39 colored. One renUit $5.00.

JUGO-SLAVIA, UKRAINE AND LITHUANIA. The three Slav nations struge:ling desperately to restore order and""chieve independence. 48 slides; 12 plain, 6 sepia, 30 colored. One rental $t.II; THE LIFE OF CHRIST IN ART. 'IMS lecture covers the entire life from Murillo's "Immaculate Conception" ~o the "Transfiguration" by Raphael. 66 colored slides. One rental $6.00.

THE PASSION PLAY. This lecture is thoroughly revised and contains many ~, new slides. 50 slides; 8 plain, 10 sepia, 32 colored. One rental$3.00.

THE' BIRTH OF OUR NATION. This is virtually a new lecture. 58 slides; 21 plain, 9 ~epi9. 28. colored. One rental $4.00.

SOUTH AMERICA-THE WEST COAST. 100 slides; 32 plain, 15 sepia, 3 colored. One rental $6.00.

AMERICANIZATION COURSE. Six lantern slide lecture sets with :MOO., vis- u~lizin& United States History, covering six important periods in the Evolution Of Freedom, now ready. Each set comprises 51 to 57 slides, rental charge per set with manuscript $6.00. Selling price complete with manuscript, per set $60.00.

LECTURE SETS FOR SALE. We must make room for the constantly growing number of new sets and are therefore offering a number of fcomplete lecture sets at a discount ranging from 25 to 75 per cent.-at a price less than cost. Send for particulars. Price list in preparation.

SPECIAL OVERSTOCK OFFER. Send for particulars of our special overstock clearance offer. Slides at eight to twenty-five cents each in lots of 10, 25 ~nd 50 on many countries and subjects. Large values while they last.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1918

Million Dollars for Relief Glimpses of

21111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!: == =5 I-== fii!~~",,~O~~~~~ i-== =:: == :: — — i For Use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings.

(Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for July.) i — =— !i 1. Over ten million dollars has been received and forwarded by the Armenian-Syri~n = :: Relief Committee to relieve the distressing need. Between six and ten thousand :: orphan children are being cared for in homes. The older ones are being taught :: –:: useful trades and plans are being made for the reconstruction period. (See –:: page 491.) = = – ==:E: 2. A soldier in a Southern camp summed up the work of the Y. M. C. A. by saying =:: UIt takes the sick out of homesick." (See page 507.) :: =§ 3. The spirit of many who have suffert:d most is shown in a twelve-year-old Armenian 5 ~~ln~~ ~~d ~~:l~de~a~~thh~O~o;J~~'''T~~ ~1~~~:;:tG~Je~i:::s~~sa:~rcot~~cl~:~ .§ —:: –:: and innumerable." (See page 497.) =:: :: 4. Idolatry is not dead in China Even students from a government normal school were –:: –:: among the crowds of peasants who gathered at a Taoist temple and went through -=i:: many idolatrous practices. (See page 500.) == _~=_ :: 5. The seriousness and extent of Mormon propaganda in these war days is seen in the =i:: fact that two prominent Mormons, one at least a known polygamist, have secured ._== =~_ appointments as United States army chaplains. (See page 541.) 6. Th'e president of the Philippine Senate recently said publicly to Protestant mis- sionaries that, though a .nominal Catholic, he was in favor of their work because of the results which the Protestant Church secured in transforming character.

~=:~- (See page 542.) =- ~= 7. The decision of Columbia University to make knowledge of the Bible one of its requirements for admission is one of many indications of the prominence that is being given to the Bible by a world at war. (See page 543.) 8. There are said to be 30,000 young men in the city of Valparaiso, Chile, who have -:: not had a school education. The evening classes conducted by the Y. M. C. A. are -:: helping many of them to get a better start in life. (See page 547.) ==== 9. A prominent British statesman of Asia Minor, declares that American mIsSionaries _=i must be foremost among those to whom is to be entrusted the task of regenerating -~ –§ Turkey after the war. (See page 549.) -== 10. In a form characteristically Indian, the gospel story is being put into popular song :: -:: and is playing a remarkable part in the present stage of the mass movement. :: (See page 550.) :: -:: =:E: 11. As the result of a remarkable movement, which is still going on under native leader- ship, some 10,000 of the Moslem population in Abyssinia have been baptized into == :: the Christian Church. (See page 557.) :: = :=: . . :==: ;tlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillIII11111111111111 1111111111III? Work in Turkey ~!

Thermometer Soars Social Reform in Porto Rico AMAP OF THE. CO}lTl!J(]S "

ou. "'IIW op ~ WORl..1) £. ZrALANQ I.N 'IH1a NVM'DIIR . Leaves from a Physician's Note Book u:ADUfCl ~ A)R) EDttOR1M5 NUt ~ wr'1'1'n&S ~ nMIIZIl OF .nw'8 l'I'1EM..S ow DLR COVJrrar sa ur.DtCJa:'D aY' AaAeIC. M1lMI!IUt.AI .~.. ……….. CANADA • 0. …'••••• 0.-· … ., •0 ••••• …………….,…….'…………………………….

……..-"'" ••••••• • 0· .,.-r·· .. · …… . ……………

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…. o HAWAII ……….. ……..~..'…………….. ..' .' …. ……. ~ …. .. ' ……. ……….. …. . . ………..'.'…….' ' o "

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HOW THE WORLD HAS UNITED LIEF $10,500, TO HELP 3,000,000 DESTITUTE l:LF ……—+-……..—+- FRO FOREIGN LA D PEOPLE IN BIBLE LANDS THROUGH THE AND WHITHER IT HAS GO E AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR —-~) TO DISTRIBUTING CE TERS ARMENIAN AND SYRIAN RELIEF OCTOBER 1, 1915 TO JUNE 1, 1918 DRAWN FOR THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD HOW ALL THE MONEY CONTRIBUTED WAS DISTRIBUTED THROUGH VARIOUS CENTERS AND THE PRINCIPAL FORMS OF RELIEF WORK.

Russian Caucasus (for 25 Stations via Asia Minor (For SO Stations via Con- Syria-via Beirut, Sidon, Aleppo. Persia-via Tabriz and Teheran. Armenians in Switzerland. $10,000 for THlis). $2,752,923 for about 250,000 stantinople), $3,573,179 for Armenians $1,317,560. Food, clothing industries. $2,321,570. Food, seed, cattle, etc. Relief. Armenians. Orphanage, clothing and in Asia Minor. food relief. Spinning, weaving, carpen- Palestine-via Jerusalem. $420,000. Mesopotamia-via Baghdad. $50,000. Greece-via Athens, Salonica, Samos, try, shoemaking. Egypt-via Cairo and Port Said. Hospital, food, industries. Rescue homes, industries, supplies. $2,500 for relief. $35,674 sent. Industries established.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. July, 1918 NUMBER SEVEN XLI.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES NEW SIGNS OF LIFE IN OHINA T HE Chinese Republic has not yet settled down to a united pro- gram of improvement and progress in politics, education and . religion. It is a large country with four times the population of the United States and only a small proportion are educated. There are, however, new evidences of spiritual progress in the response to the recent campaign conducted by Dr. Sherwood Eddy. Though China is rent by revolution and internal warfare, some seventy leading Con- fucian editors, governmental officials, business men and educators met Dr. Eddy at dinner in Canton to discuss the future of China. Among'

these men was the leader of the southern factions, the former head of China's navy. He attended the first two evangelistic meetings and showed deep interest in the message concerning Christ as the only Saviour. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the first provisional president of the Re- public, was also present. Sun Yat Sen invited Dr. Eddy to address one hundred of his officers and officials upon the subject of Christianity, and the Christians who were present started personal work among the non-Christian officials. Several, including a member of Parliament, gave themselves to Christ.

The unique feature of Dr. Eddy's campaign this year is that it centers in the Chinese church. The aim is not so much to hold large meetings as to vitalize and organize the Christians to go out and win their non-Christian friends. On the previous campaign hU'ge numbers of enquirers and converts from the non-Christian community were turned over to the churches that were often unprepared to receive them.

This year a new standard and system was adopted that promises much more far-reaching and permanent results.

On the last night in Canton the Chinese pastors of the twenty- eight local churches were ,seated on the platform. As the name of each church was called, the pastor' rose, then his workers in the audience,

then the new converts who had been won by them or who had made the . decision for Christ during the week. What an inspiring sight it was to see each pastor lead out his little ftock of twenty, thirty, forty or fifty to begin their weekly Bible class and to extend the work of winning the millions of China one by one.

Excellent preliminary work was done by Mr. Buchman, and others, who went in advance to prepare the way. Chinese pastors, workers and Christians have been quickened as a result and it seems that a new era of personal evangelism has begun in China. Twelve hundred Chinese Christians in Canton held a daily meeting to train in personal work. The century of seed sowing is bearing fruit. The fields were ripe for harvest. Specialists were kept busy night and day in interviews, organ- izing Bible classes, dealing with enquirers and hearing confessions of sin. This was the program in each of the cities visited. What does it mean for China when four hundred Chinese Christian workers meet to train for personal evangelism and each bring two non-Christian friends?

Dr. Eddy writes in a personal letter: "It is my belief that a new application of the method of personal work has been discovered and applied in the preparation for these meetings which will extend throughout the whole of Asia, with incalculable blessing. Weare filled with thanksgiving because of what has already been accomplished. Let us not despise the day of small things. Robert Morrison landed in South China a century ago and preached the gospel in danger of his life, beaten by his own servants, publicly insulted, laboring for seven- teen years to translate the Scriptures. After seven years, iIi secret and in danger, he baptized his first convert. The Chinese in those days stretched across the river a chain cable, forbidding access to all for- eigners, like the great wall of exclusion which shut out the hated "for- eign devil" and his new ideas and religion. Here in the city where Morrison seemed to labor so long in vain, we have seen gathered what was said to be the most inftuential audience of non-Christians ever as· sembled in an evangelistic meeting in the city. Here with open minrl and earnest purpose they listened to a presentation of the gospel, and here several hundred non-Christian men have publicly taken their stano and entered the Christian life. A new day is dawning, a new Orient is being born, and the call comes to the West for us to enter our great heritage of opportunity for service and the regeneration of the Orient."

PROGRESS TOWARD ONION IN INDIA I N INDIA, as in America, the branches of the Christian Church most nearly allied are taking steps looking toward organic union. Last January the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in India passed, with great enthllsiasm, a resolution to the followinO'

l:!

effect: "That in view of the universal readiness on the part of the Presbyterian

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Church in India for organic union with other Christian bodies and in view of the present opportunities in different parts of India for re-opening this question, the Committee on Union be instructed in connection with the synod of Bombay to open negotiations with the Churches of the American Matathi Mission, also with the Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Presbytery of Assam, and, as opportunity offers, with other churches, and that the Committee be further instructed to approach the South India United Church as to the possibility of forming a United Church for all India."

The General Assembly of the Congregational Churches of Western India responded with a resolution as follows: "Resolved that the General Aikya (or Ecclesiastical Union) of the Congregational Churches of Western India joyfully responds to the action of the Presbyterian Church, and directs its committee on Church Union to communicate with the Committee of the Presbyterian Church in order to consider possible organic union with that Church and other Churches in a United Church for all India."

The Welsh Calvanistic Methodist Assembly appointed a special committee and adopted the following resolutions at the meeting in Sylhet: "Believing that it is the will of our Lord and Master Jesus Christ we resolve to unite; believing also that such a union will meet the approval of the General Assembly in Wales, we seek its sanction and ask for its blessing on our decision."

These are logical steps following the organization of the United Ohurch of South India. The Protestant Christians on the various mission fields are growing more and more dissatisfied with any attempt to perpetuate denominational differences and divisions of Europe and America. They wish to emphasize allegiance to Jesus Christ and united effort to promote His ideals and His Kingdom.

THE POLITIOAL FUTURE OF INDIA —- T IS difficult to define the political situation in India or to exag- I gerate its critical character. The British Government has declared that the policy to be pursued is to prepare India to govern itself and an installment of self-government is to be expected at the close of the war. The Secretary of State for India has recently visited that country with a view to learning the wishes of different sections of th~ people and his report will have a far reaching effect on the future of that land. The National Missionary Council has decided to issue an open letter to missionaries, calling upon them to consider afresh the great ideals for which, in the providence of God, governments exist; and to let those principles dominate and control their own thinking in these times of controversy and, when occasion requires, to make these principles clear to others. The Oouncil declares that it is as much an ideal of good government to provide for everyone of its subjects the oppor· tunity for the development of his personality as it is to provide for the whole body politic the blessings of order, peace and justice. The missionary body is called upon to commit the issues of the present time to

God in the full confidence of faith and hope, knowing that He who called them to be fellow workers with Him is working in them and in others toward the fulfilling of His eternal purposes of good.

The present situation is made more difficult by the fact that not less than one hundred of the missionaries in India have left their fltations to engage in active war service, some as combatants, some as chaplains, and others as doctors and nurses. A number of medical men and nurses have also offered themselves to the Government for local service, thus setting free others to go to the front. The missionaries realize the significance of the war and are loyally helping the government and have rejoiced to take their humble part in advancing the cause of human freedom.

The future of German Missions in India is a most difficult and delic~te matter. When present arrangements were made, it was hopeu that the war would have been at a.n end before this, but conditions have so greatly altered that many have grave doubt whether Germans will for many years be permitted to work in India. The great work that German missionaries have accomplished must be conserved and extended. It is, therefore, necessary that steps be agreed upon as to the course to be adopted as soon as the terms of peace are made known. The. National Missionary Council is unanimously of opinion that those in temporary charge of German missions should discuss the question with Indian pastors and see if some working agreement can be reached.

FOREIGN MISSIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN I N GERMANY, foreign missions have died from lack of nutrition during the war. Some believe that after the war Germany herself must be evangelized. French Protestant missions have become weak and almost lifeless because of the draftiQg of men and money for the great European struggle. In America, while some societies have suffered, there has been a general increase in giving; the Baptists have launched a million dollar campaign and the Methodists have adopted an $80,000,000 centenary program.

Great Britain, with its great missionary enterprises, has been called upon to make immense sacrifices. Men and money have been poured out like water to redeem Belgium and establish a worthy peace. The missionary societies have naturally faced many difficulties and some have large deficits. Nevertheless the outlook is wonderfully hopeful. There is no drawing back but rather a forward program. Many of the German stations are now cared for by British missionaries and some new fields are to be occupied as soon as possible. Of the twentyone Protestant societies having their headquarters in London about onethird report a decrease in incomes-the C. M. S. $100,000, the Baptists $35,000 and the Friends $6,000. Others, however, show an increase in receipts. The Wesleyans report an advance of 5 per cent.; the Bible

Society has had the largest income in its history; the Tract Society, Presbyterians, and Mission to Lepers have-received substantial increases and the China Inland Mission, with $35,000 more than last year, has had one of the best financial years in its history.

The reports from many British mission fields are also encouraging. Jn spite of.unrest in China, the Ohina Inland Mission alone reports 4,629 baptisms during the year-the second largest in its history; the London Missionary Society reports increased self-support among its churches in the South Seas; the South American Missionary Society has found many new open doors in Latin-America; the C. M. S. reports Christward movements among Moslems in India and many societies are planning for new advances after the war.

The British Mission Secretaries report that they have every reason to thank God and take courage. With the nation putting every available man in the battle line, spending thirty million dollars a day for the war, and facing large advances in the cost of food and clothing; Christian people are still maintaining the work of God for the unreached millions abroad.

SOOIAL REFORM IN PORTO RIOO T HE Committee on Social Reform of the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico has issued a most interesting report. The triumph of prohibition in Porto Rico, which took place a year ago, was celebrated this year on March 2nd by means of parades, meetings and addresses in evangelical churches and Sunday schools.

The "traffic of women" is recognized as an outstanding evil in Porto Rico, and innumerable unhappy girls, almost children, daily fall victims to this evil. Misery, lack of education, bad treatm~nt in the home and above all the wickedness of men, cause the alarming increase rather than the decrease of this evil.

Municipal authorities are asked to pass laws to prohibit the establishment of houses of ill fame and the exhibition of unfortunate women in parks and plazas and other public centers. The Legislative Assembly is asked to pass a law like the one now in force in Oalifornia, punishing the owners of houses of ill fame. Ohristian pastors are also urged to instruct their young people concerning the dangers and awful consequences of immorality.

Gambling is another evil dealt with in the report. The plan to combat it is through the Sunday schools, through literature and personal work among young people. An educational campaign for social reform is also to be conducted by means of lanterns and moving pictures. Slides of educational value are to be provided by the churches and young people's societies.

The committee further recommends that churches give particular attention to Porto Rican soldiers going into the war, enrolling them

in an honor roll conspicuously placed in the church and helping to look after their moral and social life in the camps.

The Evangelical Union also proposes to establish a new union theological seminary for Porto Rico, in which it is expected that eight churches will co-operate. These are some of the effects of the transfer of Porto Rico from Spanish to American control and from Roman Catholic to Protestant influence and ideals.

A PRESBYTERIAN PROGRAM OF PROGRESS A "NE1;Y Era Expansion Program" was launched by the Northern Presbyterian General Assembly in Columbus, Ohio, in Uay. The details were not decided upon but a large representative committee was appointed and expect. to formulate a comprehensive plan to include emphasis on evangelism, religion in the family, Christian education, missions, social service and stewardship. Among the features suggested for this program are a million new members in five years, a seventy-five million budget for advance work, the enlistment of returning soldiers and Y. M. C. A. workers in Christian service and the adoption of a higher ideal of stewardship.

The Presbyterian Assemblies, north and south, and the United Presbyterians also took further steps toward union, though no definite decision was reached. In the northern assembly the committee on "Church Co-operation and Union" was continued and resolved to overture other evangelical churches of America to join in a conference looking toward the organic union of Protestant forces. The Assembly furthermore declared their "profound conviction that the time has come for organic church union of the Evangelical churches of America.".

The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. (South) meeting at Durant, Oklahoma, voted to continue the Committee on Union and Federation. While the Assembly was opposed to organic union at this time they approved the idea of };~ederal union of all Presbyterian and Reformed Churches of the United States.

The UIiited Presbyterian Church, at their General Assembly in Pittsburgh, was sympathetic toward church union and will no doubt join in the conference which is to be held sometime this year. Unity is more important than union and co-operation than combination, but it is time for Christians to get together.

THE WAR BRING CHURCH UNION?

O NE obvious lesson that the war is teaching us is the necessity of co-operation and the value of a union of forces in the great campaign to win the world for Jesus Christ. The various branches of the church differ as to many non-essentials – in matters of church government, forms of worship, rites and sacrament and some matters of doctrine and practise. The great essential on which all Christians and all churches must be united is union with and submission to Jesus Christ as the divine Lord and Saviour of man. All who belong to Him should have no difficulty in uniting for the common task though they need not lose all individuality.

The soldiers at the front are also growing impatient at minor distinctions and divisions in Christendom. They are holding union services at the front. The Y. M. C. A. workers come from all denominations and have no distinctive labels. They are known by their fruits-by Christlike character, and by self-sacrificing service. On General Pershing's staff of Chaplain Generals are three men-Bishop Charles H. Brent, an Episcopalian, Rev. Paul D. Moody, a Congregationalist, and a Roman Catholic priest. Bishop Brent wrote as follows on Easter Sunday to a personal friend: "Just as now is the time to strike for the unity of nations so is it the time to strike for the unity of the churches. I wonder how many people at home realize that our chief difficulty in connection with the morals of the army is due to the divided church. Many feel it so keenly that they can see no enduring or substantial good coming out of our purely physical or human effort without some movement pari passu earnestly aiming for a Kingdom of God among men not divided against itself.

"Last Sunday I was with our fellows just before they went into 1Ihe great battle, some of them to die before the week closed. In one place the chaplain asked for the use of the French church. It was refused. The school house was refused. The little town was so crowded with soldiers that the only place we could find for service where we were welcome was a barnyard. There under the wide spreading eaves of a great barn we set up an improvised altar. The French peasants and the cattle that stood by were hospitable to us. The weather was bleak and dull. It was Bethlehem over again as the massed khaki knelt in the litter of straw before the Christ of Bethlehem. There was no room for Him in the inn. All that exclusiveness can do is to shut out men from itself and drive them nearer to God. Sometimes ecclesiasticism is so cold and cruel with its anathemas and lack of vision that one wonders how God can continue to use it for His Kingdom-if He does.

"It seems to me the time has come for us to do something daring and loving for the Kingdom's sake. It is antediluvian to continue thinking in mere terms of continuity or of yesterday. We must both think and act in terms of the new order, in terms of the Kingdom cif God. Individual effort of course must be continued and has its effect. But the churches should act. The constitutional assembly of everyone should meet for the definite purpose of moving for a Conference on the peace of the churches, with no other aim to

distract. Then the churches willing to share in such a Conference should do so, regardless of those which might choose to sit apart. The world is faIling to pieces, the churches are tagging on behind the armies, and nothing is being done that is worthy the name of witness bearing for unity as Christ begs o( us to interpret it. Happy the church that takes the lead in such an adventure of faith!

There is room for difference of opinion and for individualism in the church; there is even room for differences in types of organization, in kinds of work done, in forms of worship and even in emphasis on various doctrines and practices ; but there is no room for antagonism, for unfriendly riv~lry or disputes; there is no excuse for lack of co- operation or refusal to recognize other followers of Christ as brethren. Those who recognize and respond to the HeadShip of Christ are members of His Body; those whom our Lord welcomes to His table are members of His Family, those arrayed against His enemies are enlisted on His side; and those whom He uses to advance His cause are comrades in service. It is time to emphasize the great and crying need of all mankind for the life that Christ gives and not to dispute about sec- tarian clothing. Let us prove by word and deed that Jesus Christ does save, satisfy and empower His followers and make them different from others. Union with Jesus Christ brings true union among His followers.

AN APPEAL FOR CO-OPERATION T HE Home Mission Council, representing all Protestant denomin- ational home mission and church extension boards and societies in the United States has sent out an appeal in the present worldcrisis for loyal support and co-operation in the great spiritual work in which Christians are engaged. .'

"We must economize in money and in men for the sake of that spiritual integrity without which the nation must stand impotent before its great task. Nothing must be permitted to reduce the spiritual ef- ficiency of the national life. The task committed. to the churches must be prosecuted with a vigor and intelligence not hitherto known. Their work must become more extensive and intensive everywhere. For this reason the reproach of overlapping and duplication of money and lead- ership must be removed. Our efforts of recent years to achieve this must be redoubled and all remaining instances of waste resolutely elimina ted.

"We therefore urgently appeal to the people in all home mission charges to practice those economies in their religious organization which are required of our society in every other department, to merge their groups in worship and community work, to save fuel when it may be possible by uniting congregations, to release for other forms of national and community service one or more of the ministers in over- lapping parishes, to utilize emergency inter-church committees for the regular ministry of the churches and to project new plans of inter-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

church community service, to release unused church property by sale or for temporary employment as may be required, to utilize all church buildings so far as practicable for continuous week-through service in temporary or permanent community enterprises, and in every other manner to conserve church resources and strengthen by co-operation the churches' programs."

The Council appeals to all local, district, State and regional denominational committees, societies and boards responsible for the dispensing of home mission funds to reach agreements with agencies of other denominations operating in the same territory by which all duplications of money aid in the same community shall be rigidly eliminated and workers shall be utilized for unhampered community work, no energies and resources being wasted by sectarian competition or duplication. They appeal to all churches located in rural communities, and to agencies aiding by money grants or other assistance in such communities, to institute and zealously to prosecute plans for the conservation of food and the quickening of production, inspiring our rural populations "ith the sense of the holy task into which the national mission in the world has called them.

All churches and missions ministering to communities or individuals employing alien speech and otherwise detached from our common American life and its purposes, and all agencies aiding such churches and missions by money or leadership, should redouble their efforts in a new and holier sympathy by way of extending the common use of our common language and an appreciation of those historic and forwardlooking purposes which have made this nation what it is.

National boards and societies administering home mission funds should scrutinize their fiscal budgets with-new zeal, to institute closer conference between one another in the organization of schedules of money grants and by every means practicable to see that their funds are not duplicated in aided communities or otherwise unwisely employed in aid of mission work. Let them organize all available forces under co-operative programs to help the nation meet the present emergency and to seek through the fiery trial of this world crisis those providential lessons designed to inspire a new ministry of reconciliation, a new and wider co-operative program among religious forces, and a new conception and realization of the Kingdom of Heaven on earth.

DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN NEGROES T HANKS to such institutions as Hampton and Tuskegee Insti- tutes, Fiske University and other educational work for Negroes, . conducted by northern and southern churches, the ten million American negroes have advanced wonderfully in physical, intellectual and spiritual lines. In the half century since the Civil War, the Negroes have more than doubled in population. There are now over 100,000 colored students in the 400 Normal Schools and 50 coUeges

of the south, 26 theological schools, 3 school of law, 4 of pharmacy, 5 of medicine and 17 agricultural colleges-all for Negroes. The cost of this higher education in one year is over $4,000,000, but it is training leadership for the millions of southern Negroes.

The most gratifying fact is that intelligent Christian leaders have been developed and are taking more and more responsibility for the training of their race. The Negro school teachers, physicians and lawyers are steadily increasing in number and influence. Their sanity is helping to solve the Negro problem in America. This is still largely one of education. Over 40 per cent. of the Negro children of school age are out of school and therefore growing up in idleness and ignorance. The criminal element is almost wholly in the ignorant class. There is a tremendous need for more adequate schooling facilities in the South and for an energetic grappling with the problem of the Negroes who have migrated ilOrthward from the south land, in order that they might better their condition.

WILL THE WAR DEMOLISH BARRIERS?

I N the midst of the horrors of war, we catch at a grain of comfort. While some races seem to.be driven apart by the conflict, others are drawn closer together. While former friends were alienated, those who were beforetime enemies become acquainted. Not only are useless denominational barriers broken down, but the people of India and Africa, who have come to France, are learning to know the Euro· pean and are having many prejudices and superstitions removed.

Indian Christian workers, who have gone to France with their countrymen enlisted in the Allied cause, are having some remarkable experiences. One of them tells of sitting down to eat with a group of Mohammedans. His statement that he was a Christian was at first received with horror, for their conception of a Christian was a blasphemer who ate pork, and to eat with whom would be pollution. But one of them exclaimed, "CInistian or no Christian, you are our friend, and all of us are grateful for all that you people are doing for us. I, for one, am going to eat with you and deem it a great honor."

This Christian worker continues: "My best friends were a clique of orthodox Hindus~ full of great resolves, but loath to give up the caste system. They had invited me to many dainty dinners, but never shared the food with me. They always waited on me, pretending that it was purely out of respect. I did not probe further into their motives. The day came when they were to leave for the front. The train was about to start, when one of them handed me a cup of water. I had taken a sip when he took it back and drank of it himself. Then he passed the cup to others and every man drank a little out of it. 'This is t1}.e seal of friendship,' he said, 'and we hereby break caste forever.' "

Are these Indian soldiers learning the true meaning of "Brotherhood"? If so, they may be more ready to listen to Ohristian teachers.

WOMEN REFUGEES CARDING WOOL FOR

Ten Million Dollars For Relief A BRIEl!' ACCOUNT' OF 'l'HE WORK OF THE AMERICAN COllIU'r'l'EE FOR ARMENIAN AND SYRIAN RELIEF BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Chairman of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief.

A LTHOUGH the Armenian atrocities began in Asia Minor in the spring of 1915, the fact did not begin to reach the outside world until past midsummer. Representatives of American mis· sionary and educational in.terests in Turkey met in the office of Cleve· land H. Dodge, in New York, that September, and sent two men to Washington who learned through the State Department that the condi· tions among the Armenians were even more horrible than had been imago ined. The facts were given to the press, and a general relief committee was formed with Charles R. Crane as treasurer and Samuel T. Dutton secretary.* Charles V. Vickrey was assigned to the work by the Lay· men's Missionary Movement and has served untiringly as directing secretary.

The need and opportunity to reach the destitute has increased and has extended over wide areas within the Turkish Empire. The original field, which at first comprised only the eastern section of Asiatic Turkey, soon came to cover the entire Turkish Empire, the Transcaucasus in * The Committee was originally formed with Armenian relief alone in view, as they alone were then attacked. The then existing Armenian committees combined with this American committee, and later, ·as the atrocities extended, the name was enlarged to Include relief among the ~yrillns, and still later among the Greeks also.

Russia, large areas in Persia, as well as refugees in Egypt; and since the Allies have made their advance in Syria, the committee has entered upon an effective work of relief in Palestine.

On account of the appalling conditions and the fact that no representatives of the Red Cross could get into many sections of the field~ the war council of the Red Cross made a contribution of over $2,000,000 to the work of the committee, which had the cooperation of all of the missionaries of the American Board already on the ground and scattered from Constantinople clear across Asia Minor to Persia. ·There were missionaries of the Presbyterian Board in Persia,· Syria and Palestine; as well as of several smaller missionary societies; also the American faculties in the SyrianProtestant College at Beirut, in Robert College at Constantinople, and in other American colleges at Smyrna, Marsovan, Harpoot, Aintab, etc.

Ambassadors Morgenthau and Elkus, and the American Consuls in Turkey and Persia, rendered conspicuous service in ascertaining the needs and in inaugurating and promoting effective relief measures.

It is a noteworthy fact that in the work of relief distribution every cent of the money went to the field, as the expense of organization and collecting were privately met. Neither were the funds used in paying the salaries of the distributors, as the missionary societies and the colleges and the diplomatic and consular offices were supported from other sources.

The present treasurer of the committee; Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge, has not only furnished the funds to meet all the expenses connected with the giving out of knowledge and the cultivation of the constituency and the raising of funds, but he has contributed liberally to the general fund and has given himself unstintedly as a working member of the executive committee. During the first three months after this committee was organized in the autumn of 1915, only $177,000 were received and appropriated. During the year 1916 the amount collected and forwarded to the field (in round numbers) was $2,100,000; in 1917 the amount received and appropriated was $4,498,000, making the total receipts of the committee, for the first 27 months, $6,775,000-including the $1,900,000 appropriated by the Red Cross. . For the first three months of the present year the receipts of the committee have averaged nearly $800,000 a month.

The relief funds have been distributed as follows: To Constantinople, for uses within the Asiatic sec- tion of the Turkish Empire, nearly. . . . . . . . . . . . .. $3,573,000 To Tiflis, in the Transcaucasus . . . . . . ' ….. , . . . . … 2,754,000 To Persia ………………………………. 2,321,000 Directly to Beirut, for northern Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,315,000 To Cairo, Bagdad, Jerusalem, etc. . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . 506,000 Total to May 31st. …………………. $10,469,000 This moner has been sent by cable in the form of credits to the

TEN MILLION DOLLARS FOR RELIEF

committee's representatives in relief centers, and those credits have been converted into cash by the local sale of drafts on the committee's banl{ in New York. This method has put into the hands of the local com- mittee without delay funds to use for the purchase of food and neces- sary supplies. Many drafts have not yet been presented for payment in New York and as the bank holds a sufficient balance to cover these drafts when presented, the com- mittee in the meantime is receiving interest. This makes it possible for the committee to say that its ex- penditures for relief in the field are in actual excess of the amount re- ceived from contributors!

The entire destitute and needy populations in Turkey are now esti- mated at not less than 2,500,000.

When the war is over and these people are able to return to their desolated homel;l, the larger question of reconstruction and rehabilita- tion will have to be faced. Many refugees are more than a thousand miles away from their homes, with no means whatever at their disposal. AN ARMENIAN llEFUGEE In a large number of instances their homes have been desolated and everything of which they were possessed taken from them. Large sums will be required to return these people to their homes and establish them upon a self-supporting basis.

The non-Moslem peoples of Turkey are probably more capable of recuperation after a disaster of this character than any other people on the face of the earth. They are not naturally helpless nor inclined to rely upon charity. Nevertheless they will need much help from outside to procure shelter for those whose homes have been ruined, tools and animals with which to till the soil, as well as seed for sowing. The committee is already giving attention to this great question of recon- struction. When the way opens, many experienced missionaries now in America, will be ready to go back and lend a hand in this reconstruction.

The work of relief will not be completed when the war is over.

The large number of orphans and widows must be provided for for many years, until they can become self-supporting, and at the same time there must be developed in the country educational, industrial and sanitary institutions that will meet in an adequate way the requirements of a country that has remained so backward during the centuries and whoee

desperate need has been revealed during the last few years. For this future we bespeak the cooperation of the people of America in the interests of a country which has suffered from misgovernment more than any other like area in Asia.

HOW THE MONEY HAs BEEN USED The Relief Committee was organized into departments: The Orphanage Department to look after the children, the Clothing Department, the Industrial Department, etc. One of the missionaries, Dr. Geo. C. Raynolds, was put at the head of the Orphanage Department, whose business it was to get Ul.e orphans together into homes, to see that the homes were organized with a house mother and to provide food and instruction for the children_ The last reports indicated that from six to ten thousand children had. been gathered into centers and kept alive and given some instruction. Dr. Raynolds has selected the most competent, mature and capable boys for instruction in iron work, carpentry, shoemaking, tailoring and other occupations. Wh~n they are repatriated to different parts of Turkey they will be ready intelligently to begin the work of reconstruction.

The great majority of the refugees that escaped into the Transcaucasus were women, so that industrial work was early organized among them. All of the refugees were destitute of adequate clothing. Wool and cotton were bought in the rough and in large quantities_ The wool was washed and the cotton was prepared by the men and the women able to work, and who have been given a small wage for their services, enough . to support them. The cotton and wool were spun and woven and made into garments which not only supplied the refugees with clothing but also the Russian military which paid a good price for them. Many thousands are engaged in this work and when communication was· broken off everything was working successfully. The looms on which they did their weaving were made portable so that when the time should come for these refugees to return to their homes the looms will be a part of their household furniture.

In Persia much has been done in returning the peasants to their homes from which they have been scattered. Relief money has here been used for seed and tools and cattle.

In Turkey, relief is now being distributed in the following centers: Constantinople, Brousa, Bardizag, Smyrna, Marsovan, Konia, Cesarea, Sivas, Adana, Hadjin, Marash, Tarsus, Aintab, Aleppo, Harpoot, Erzroom, Trebizond, Van, Beirut, Erivan, Etchmiadzin, Tiflis, Urumia and Alexandropol. In each of these places the committee has a foreign representative, most of them Americans. In other places in the neighborhood of the large distributing centers the relief work has been handled through trustworthy agents, generally former teachers in the American schools or pastors and leaders in the churches.

In Persia the relief work is carried on at Teheran, Urumia and Tabriz. Presbyterian missionaries in that field are working in the

outlying districts through the cooperation and aid of their various mission agents_ Work has recently been begun in Palestine and Syria_ A relief commission has also recently gone to Persia, with twelve members under the Jeadership of President Judson of Chicago University.

REFUGEES WEAVING THE CLOTH USED Fon THEIR CLOTHING For two years and a half the committee has endeavored to supply the needs in this respect of from one to two millions of people and to keep them from death. Very little that is permanent has been accomplished. The real permanent work must come when repatriation can begin.

AN INVESTIGATOR'S REPORT OF RELIEF WORK IN ARMENIA AND PERSIA Charles E. Beury, Esq., who went last year, with Dr. William T. Ellis, and made an investigation of the conditions and needs in the Caucasus, Persia and Eastern Turkey, has sent us the following statement of their findings: "The Armenian relief work observed by us is administered from the city of Erivan and a half dozen other centers in Southern Russia. It is under the supervision of some fifteen faithful and efficient foreign workers, mostly missionaries of the American Board. Under them are hundreds of tried and trusted native workers carrying out the systema: tized plan of administering help of one kind or another. It is questionable whether anybody except the missionaries could have undertaken

effectively this tremendous task. That the work has been carried on so successfully and without any graft is due to the providential circum- stance that the missionaries and their native workers, who know the people and the country, have been in charge.

Although the need among the refugees was overwhelming, the relief force from the very beginning undertook the work of saving in a syste- matic way. While it was necessary to care for the orphans and to feed the old and helpless, most of the relief effort endeavored to give the refugees some work to do. Through the American Committee weaving mills have been constructed by the workers so that today one sees cotton and wool taken in its raw state, washed and bleached and combed and spun and woven on looms made by the refugees themselves into durable cloth which is tailored into garments and used for clothing the needy. Many of these mills are very pretentious, containing scores of looms. They not only give the people employment but prevent them from being pauperized.

The whole relief plan with its index system and its checks on graft has been so efficient and successful that one cannot but heap praises upon it. It would satisfy the investigations of a Rockefeller Founda· tion. In addition to the money allowance to orphans and the establish· ment of orphanages, milk is furnished the children, and doctors with hospital facilities are ministering to the sick. The honesty which characterizes the administration and distribution of relief has also been a great lesson and example of how a big humanitarian undertaking can be conducted with fidelity even in an Oriental country that for genera· tions has winked at graft.

The Armenian refugees in the Caucasus are in a much improved condition as the result of the constant administration of relief but the problem of saving these people has become increasingly acute. A stipend of six rubles per month, allowed by the Russian government to each person, has now ceased because of the collapse of Russian finances. Con· sequently the one hundred and eighty thousand dependent people in the Caucasus who were receiving aid from this source are now in dire distress. They must be cared for by America, who alone has the wealth and resources sufficient to assume this added burden.

It is only necessary for one to travel-or struggle, for it is hardly traveling-down through the devastated zones of Armenia to appreciate fully the sacrifices which the missionaries are making and the perils which they are constantly confronting. They come in daily contact with deadly disease and live among the people who have lost most of their families and friends. Moreover, conditions are unstable and the menace of massacre and a 'holy war' constantly o'ershadows their lives. But despite these facts and the additional circumstances that nearly all these workers have struggled through the years of trial, they are with rare heroism and fortitude protecting and saving the lives of the refu- geed Christian host."

of Relief Work in

BY MARY W. RIGGS, HARPOOT, TURKEY IN ASIA Missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions FIRST .

N l1T1V}I) HELPER.-Here is an Armenian exile who has been driven all the way from the Black Sea coast and is now allowed to stay here in Harpoot. Have you a place where she can live? Lady Missionary.-What would you think of our putting her in the room over our bakery? She will be warmer there than in any other place. (To exile) Sister, if you take this bread ticket to the baker every day he will give you bread which will keep you alive. I will give you a mattress and quilt. ,The room wpere you are to stay is close to our gate and God will take care of you there. Do not be afraid. Where are your children?

Armenian Emile.-The little three·year-old boy is down in the street. Little Rosa was very sick in the camp where we were staying last. One of the guards who was a little kind was persuaded to take me on his horse to the American Hospital where we found a kind American doctor. I told him many women and children were sick and dying at the camp and how nothing was being done to relieve them. He ordered a wagon and went himself to the camp, having procured from the governor a written permission to bring the sick to his hospital. He has Rosa under his care now.

Lady Missionary-You must make this one bed do for all three of you.

_4rmenian Emile.-I kiss your feet. God bless you for your love.

SECOND Armenian Emile.-I come from a village far away. I was rich before I left home but now I shall have to eat the bread of others. God grant it may be for only a short time. My son went to America several years ago and if he can get word of my being here he will send me enough money to make me comfortable. Then I shall repay you for all your kindness. I am ignorant and cannot even sign my name. His father always wrote, but alas, they killed him.

Lady Missionary.-Come inside the Girls' School door where a teacher is sitting all day writing letters for just such as you. Let us pray that God will give your letter wings to reach your son quickly.

Armenian Emile.-Ah, let me love your hands. God reward you.

THIRD Native Helper.-This morning the sick refugee woman just outside our upper gate died, but no one has done anything. I am going to wash her body and I hope you will arrange for bqrying her.. She was just

a young bride when they took her husband away to kill him and drove her away with all her neighbors. She is nothing now but skin and bones.

Lady Missionary.-I know it will be hard to enter that room where she died all alone, but you go for love of Christ and He will help you. Send the gatekeeper to me. (Enter gatekeeper) Ohan, you must help me to know how we can bury the poor woman who died.

Gateke.eper.-She must be buried immediately or we cannot live there today. But who will dig the grave? Manoog and I would gladly dig it but you know we do not dare step out of the Mission compound. Weare almost the only Armenian men left alive and we are here only because we are your servants.

Lady Missionary.-There is no one else to dig the grave. I will go with you and if the police come I will tell them that you are mine. I will dig with you and we can do it qujckly.

Gatekeeper.-I will trust Christ and go with you.

FOURTH Lady Missionary.-What baby is that who is crying so weakly and so steadily?

Native H elper.-The poor little thing was born on the road just after her mother was driven from home. She has survived a long and terrible journey, but she will not live much longer. The baby is starving because the mother has nothing to eat but dry bread. The Little Mother (the missionary's wife) has ordered a bowl of milk or soup to be given from her own kitchen every day in the hope of saving the little one's life. The poor mother has only this one left of her five children.

FIFTH I"ady Missionary.-Look at that poor child standing in the snow in this bitter wind with nothing on but a ragged cotton shirt. Bring her in and see what we can find for her. I am afraid there is nothing left, unless I take that old faded curtain that I used last summer and make something for her.

Armenian School Girl.-While you are making her dress we will take her to the wash room and give her a bath. She needs one desperately.

SIX'fH Armenian Emile.-This is my child. Her name is Dziadzan (Rainbow) and she was in an American school in S – – before we were sent away from there. God protected her until now but she is not safe with me. A Turk is asking for her to make her his wife, but I cannot allow her to become a Mohammedan. When he comes again I will tell him she is dead.

IJady Mi88ionary.-But that will not be true. Armenian Emile.-Who cares for truth? But it will be true be-

GLIMPSES OF RELIEF WORK IN TURKEY

cause I am giving her to you and she will no longer be mine, she will be dead as far as I am concerned. By taking her you will save a soul.

SEVENTH Lady Missionary.-Zabel, please take this note down to the Little Father and bring me an answer.

Armenian School Girl.-He is not there now. We were in the yard . when a little boy came running and crying bitterly. We heard him tell the Little Father that the polic'e had just carried off his mother, that they would not look at the paper she had always in her bosom-the permission granted her by the governor to stay here after weeks of wandering over mountains and through deserts. She is a Syrian and they were not to be deported like the Armenians. The Little Father put on hjs hat, closed up his office, putting out a dozen or more people who were waiting to see him, and started off to the government build- ing. These cases always take hours. How tired he will be when he gets home! And how that Syrian woman and her little son will bless him if he succeeds in saving them!

An Armenian Refugee's Thanksgiving T HOUGHT out and written down by Surpouhi, a girl twelve years old in the Sunday-school of the Armenian Refugee Camp, Port Said, and translated word for word into English by Miss Mary E. Kinney: (1) "In the first place I am grateful to God for giving me a mind, because without that I could not think, or learn anything, neither could I tell Him of my gratitude for all the many blessings He has given me.

(2) I am thankful because He has given me parents. When I am in trouble they help me.

(3) I am thankful to Him because He helped us flee to the mountains and helped us out of all our troubles.

(4) I am thankful because' when the Turks attacked us our Father saved us from their hands.

(5) I am thankful because God sent some ships and rescued us from danger.

(6) I am thankful because after God brought us here He moved the hearts of many races, Americans, English, Europeans and other nations, to serve us in many ways. They opened schools, and gave us clothing and many other things.

(7) I am thankful because when the German aeroplanes came God saved us from harm.

(8) I am thankful because when the Tempter COmes to tempt us .God saves us from him.

(9) I am thankful because God never forgets us and we believe He will help us resist temptation.

(10) I am thankful because God always gives us food. We ought to thank Him each time before eating."

COMING FROM THE ALTAR OF THE MAIN TEMPLE OF WAN SHEO

LEAVING TREIROFFERINGS AT THE INCENSE BURNJilR

Idolatry Dead in China?

BY REV. CARL F. KUPFER, KIUKIANG, CHlNA . President of William Nast College I T is quite possible today for tourists to land at Shanghai and travel six hundred miles up the Yangtze river, calling en route at Chin- kiang, Nanking, Wuhu, Tatung, Nganking, Kiukiang and Hankow, and from there take the train to Peking, and then down to Tientsin and back to Shanghai, and not have seen even a vestige of idolatry, nor carry . away with them any true impression of the real life of the Chinese peo- ple. And it is also quite possible that foreign evangelists may spend some months in China, have large meetings, and receive th(' names of multitudes who pledge to study the Bible, and yet have no conception of the rankest idolatry within five minutes' walk of the tabernacle where the meetings were held.

Missionaries who are in the midst of the struggle against false gods have no such visionary impressions.

Soon after the easy victory of the rebellion over the Manchu GO''- ernment in 1911, in some places temples and idols were wantonly de· strayed. This, however, was not done by those who had been in closest touch with Christians and who wished to see idolatry supplanted by Christianity, but by those who care little for idols and less for the true God. This zeal against idolatry has completely disappeared, and in its place a revival of idolatrous worship is developing. In some plaCeS even missionary methods are being adopted to promote idolatry.

Some years ago I visited most of the great Buddhist and Taoist pilgrim centers in Mid-China, but to convince myself of the present tendency, I recently visited a Taoist center in the Western hills, twenty miles northwest of Nanchang, the provincial capital of Kiangsi.

. Pilgrimages to these shrines usually begin as soon as the rice harv- est is ended, and last about six weeks. The place described here is famil- iarly known by all Chinese as Hsi San Wan Sheo Kung-Western Hill Temple of Ten Thousand Ages. The name of the man so devoutly wor- shipped here is Shu Sun, meaning "Promise Obedience." He was born in Nanchang 338 A.D.. Mythical and whimsical indeed are the stories on record about him-all ardently believed. .

Before Shu Sun reached the age of manhood he delighted to prac- tise religious ceremonies, often wandering aimlessly about seeking for good spirits and a pleasant state of mental abstraction. During his wanderings he came to a place named Hsiao Yao, a low hill gently slop- ing to the south where he abode for a time as an ascetic. At the age of forty he accepted an official position as magistrate in Chin yang H sien, Szechuan, where he soon gained the love and respect of the people. When the Wu Dynasty had fallen and the Western Dynasty had be-

come degenerate and evil, he retired from official life and returned to his home at H 8iao Yao. The people of Szechuan erected a temple and placed in it an image of him as a god. The legend says that at the age of 105 he and his family of 42 persons ascended to heaven with all of his domestic animals.

From that time, a temple in the Western Hills was developed, until the Emperor Ta Ohung of the Sung Dynasty in 1008 made an imperial grant and the "Jade Surpassing Temple of Ten Thousand Ages" was erected, and the people took great interest in worshipping there.

In the year 1368, during the Ming Dynasty, this temple was re- built, and again, after 400 years, Emperor Chien Lung rebuilt it, making it more beautiful ,than at first. In 1862 Emperor Tung Ohih again renovated and beautified it. The present temple was last repaired in 1905, and may be considered one of the fine temples of the Taoist religion.

On the east is the temple of the three gods-heaven, earth and water-where the idols sit enshrined, but receiving scant attention compared with the main temple. The second temple, though covered with white and green porcelain tiles, is only of medium importance. The chief god here is K wan til the god of war, a most ferocious-looking image. The three "Pure Ones," who have a place here, stand for the principles: "We must have pure men and then only can we have pure knowledge."

In the main temple called: "The Eminent Illustrious Hall," sits enshrined Shu Sun} also called the "True Filial Sacred One." He is clothed with a yellow satin 'robe, and in his folded hands he holds a tablet before his breast as if at audience with the emperor. Upon his head he wears a gold-embroidered crown. Over the entrance to his shrine there is an inscription: "They who pray to him in truth and sincerity will receive an answer." In front are two large incense burners in which the offerings of the worshippers are consumed by fire.

In front of this altar, in full view of Shu Sun}s image the pilgrims present their petitions and receive their answer. They come by the thousands from far and near during the months of September and October. They always travel together in clans or societies, with the name of their organization embroidered on silk banners and sashes of different colors, chiefly yellow, the leaders carrying a dragon grotesquely carved from a bamboo growth, with a burning incense stick in its mouth. The dragon is always held horizontally while in the procession. This fictitious animal is usually considered an emblem of power, for even his breath has geomantic influences. The banner bearer follows the dragon. Then come the musicians who make the air scintillate with their cymbals, fifes, bugles and drums. Wherever they come from, they all keep the same time and make the same nerve-racking noise.

At the rear of the main building is a plain, humble, much neglected temple where the wife of Shu Sun officiates. The image is of human

IS IDOLATRY DEAD IN CHINA?

WHERE THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC GOES TO WORSHIP The wonderful temple of Heaven at Peking. The work is done in marble, most in- tricately carved. The woodwork is marvelously executed. The roofs are of brilliantly colored tiles of purple blue.

size seemingly made of white porcelain. To her right and left stand two female servants. At her altar only women quietly gather without fifes or drums.

One Sunday in October I sat the whole day at a side nook in plain view of the great temple-altar, watching the continuous procession of societies coming in rapid succession through the main entrance increasing their speed and the volume of their music as they approached the altar of Shu Sun, crowding up as closely as space permitted. Arrived there they dropped upon their knees and began with their Kotow, bumping their headl'l three times upon the stone floor, while the musicians were keeping up the noise. Upon the floor were bamboo stickl'l each with a different number, and the Ohiao Kua for the free use of the suppliants. Now these Ohiao K ua are two small pieces of wood or bamboo shaped like kidneys with one side convex and the other concave. The suppliant

chooses Ii pair of these, and trys his luck. If both convex sides turn up, the answer to his petition is ((ymtg yang," indifferently good; if both concave sides turn up, it is ({yin yin," negative and bad; but if one con- vex, and one concave side turn up, then the answer is ((shen kua," abso- lutelyaffirmative. There is always a "Kotow" after the pitching of the Chiao, whether it fell favorably or unfavorably. If the answer is affirma- tive, then one of the bamboo sticks is chosen and the suppliant goes to the rear of the temple where, in a long porch separated by a railing, there are a number of Taoist priests, who ham} to the worshipper a slip of paper bearing the corresponding number of the bamboo stick. Upon these slips are written a few characters which very few of the worship- pers can decipher. They return cheerful and satisfied, feeling well rewarded for the sacrifice it cost to obtain them. Whether successful or not, they leave an offering to the god.

A few steps below the altar are two huge incense burners in which are consumed the sacrifices, consisting chiefly of mock-money, incense, sandal wood, rockets and fire crackers. This done, the worshippers make one more gentle bow to the idol, and leave the temple grounds.

Scarcely have they disappeared, when young men and middle-aged men pounce upon the sacrifices and rake them out of the burning embers, to resell them to other pilgrims. .

The unfavored petitioners disclosed something of the inner life of the idol worshippers. Among these I noticed a man and his wife, neither of them over 30 years of age, who had doubtless come to the altar of Shu Sun with a very definite object. They knelt at one side of the altar by themselves to try their luck with the Chiao Kua, but the god seemed to be against them_ They threw the Ohiao again and again, but it al- ways answered indifferently or negatively. After a stoical look into each other's face, as if to give the idol time to think, the man cast once more. A painful look crept over their faces when they saw the result, and glancing up into the large placid face of the idol, they quietly walked away. From all that can be learned, the object of the pilgrims'

visits to the shrine is always some temporal blessing-either wealth, position or heirs to perpetuate the family name. Some petition the idol to choose a blessing for them, and so reveal a belief in a guiding spirit. They show their sense of need for something they cannot obtain for themselves, and thus are more hopeful from a missionary point of view. The most successful can hope to carry away nothing more than a slip of paper with a few enigmatical words written upon it.

Here is a free translation of a few slips chosen at random: NUMBER TWENTY PROTECTS FROM MISFORTUNE.

"The firefly coveting light throws itself into the fire. Unexpected death comes to it because of its foolishness and lack of knowledge. Being ignorant, it delights to be where there is pleasure not knowing its danger; nor does it know of life and death. If its life is to be saved, it should not forget kindness, nor should it again go into danger. Only then it can have peace."

· 1918] IS IDOLATRY DEAD IN CHINA?

NUMBER FORTY-SEVEN I~ A SECOND-CLASS FORTUNE SLIP.

"To select a good place for a home, it is well first to choose good neighbors; for frequent moving is wasted energy. When the plant by the side of the porch gives the appearance of spring, then the yellow birds in the bushes will sing to us of the good news of joyful days."

NUMBER FORTY-FIVE IS A FIRST-CLASS FORTUNE SLIP.

"The green meadow outsid~ of the porch is thick, and the green leaves on the willow branches are large. There is nothing to separatt' us from the clouds or mountains, and we can easily see the new moon from the west window of our home."

An interpretation of this is: "Blessings will be bestowed from heaven when the opportune time comes. In its own good time prosperity will come like the grass in the meadow and leaves on the willow in summer season and the shining moon."

Such are the answers from the god in whom they believe, yet during each season, between 700,000 and 800,000 worshippers come to this shrine. Let no one in the home lands think that this belief is waning among the people at large.

Less than a year ago, we thought that Oonfucianism, as a religion, had received its death blow; for parliament declared itself against it as the State Religion, the argument rightly being that it could only be considered as State Ethics. But the tendency of the present government is seen in the fact that on September 22d, a little after 6 o'clock in the morning, the President of the Republic and all the officials assembled at the temple of Oonfucius in the north-east part of Peking and paid obeisance to the spirit of Oonfucius. It was a dress-parade. Military and naval attire and decoration almost equalled the Manchu days of mandarin robes, yellow jackets and peacock feathers. The route for the President was lined with soldiers and police. He rode with speed in an iron-clad automobile. At the ceremony, Confucius was duly honored by Peking officialdom under the Republic.

In localities ,,~here there are military operations the Buddhists, Oonfucianists and Taoists are laboring under great difficulties. The soldiers occupy the temples, desecrating and mutilating idols and shrines, and the priests have no redress or appeal. Yet Buddhists and Taoists still have a firm grip on the common people, while Taoism is unquestionably putting forth strong efforts to bring about a revival of its religion_ In the southern parts of this province, the priests are beginning to imitate the methods of Ohristian missionaries. They distribute tracts on the Tao ("the Word"); they organize societies and have preaching halls for members in crowded centers.

While many individuals and families have been won to Ohristianity, and have become happy, cheerful followers of Christ, the people in general have no conception of spiritual things. There is no contrition for sin; nor is any petition for pardon ever brought before the gods.. Spiritually, they are as dead as the bones which the prophet "liiaw in

the open valley." Heathenism dies hard. Double and fourfold should the efforts of the Christian Church be in this political transition period. The danger is that, after these upheavals of revolutions, the temporal conditions will improve, and the people will become so engrossed in their efforts to gain material blessings, that even their religious acts will be more and more centered in that one supreme thought of rank, wealth and progeny.

Have the Chinese lost faith in their gods? Not yet. In Nanchang there was a large beautiful temple to this same god Shii Siin, bearing the same name: "Temple of Ten Thousand Ages." It cost them $120,- 000. Last year, this temple was destroyed by fire. Now it is to be rebuilt, far more beautiful and substantial than the first one. It is to cost $230,- 000. The directors are asking the people to contribute $100,000, and $130,000 are to be taken from the temple endowment fund. The subscriptions have already reached $140,600. Such is the zeal for the maintenance of their places of worship.

"Idolatry is not dying out even in centers where strenuous missionary efforts have been pursued and the power of the Gospel has mightily worked. Here within sight of Kiukiang, where mission work has been going on uninterruptedly over fifty years, and where there are more than 1,000 children in our schools, three churches, a Christian hospital and daily distribution of Gospels and tracts, the rankest heathenism has been developing.

Last summer, when there was a lack of rain in certain places in North China, the men of thirteen villages near Peitaho marched through the full length of this fashionable summer resort, carrying with them their domestic gods, and displaying :flags and banners, beating drums and blowing trumpets, in the belief. that this would cause the clouds to send the needed rain.

The most painful sight at the Western Hills was not the crowds of ignorant peasants that thronged around the shrine of Shu Sun, but the 101 intelligent young men who had come up from the provincial capital Normal Academy, worshiping in the same way at the same shrine with the most illiterate and ignorant peasants. The normal schools in China are new, but the professors and teachers are chiefly either heathen or atheists. Idolatry will not be abolished byedids and revolutions wantonly destroying idols and temples. So long as only seven in a thousand can read and write, and even these few are taught by heathen teachers, there is no hope. As well may we attempt to irrigate the Sahara Desert with a sprinkling can, as to look for spiritual results through political changes and secular education. The only hope for China is in the Christian education of the children.

We have long heard of China as topsy-turvy land, where everything is done by contraries, but we were hardly prepared for this item regarding tIle attendance at church services of a Chinese congregation: "There were present two hundred and thirty-five men and twenty-seven women."

BODY OF AN AME'UICAN ARMY

The 112th Engineers, Col. ]. R. McQuigg, commanding, on parade at Camp Sheridan.

The Body and the Soul of An Army Camp IMPRESSIONS OF THE CONDITIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN AN AMERICAN CAMP BY PROFESSOR WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS, OBERLIN, OHIO.

A WRITER in the Atlantic tells of an English lad, who on his retur'n from the trenches listened for an evening to the family talk about the war. At the close of the evening he said to a friend, "I wish they would all shut up." vVe have shared at times the boy's desire. And yet our hearts are in the camps of America or France, and any words may be of service which will help us to enter sympathetically into the lives of our soldiers. I speak of impressions gained from four months of work in one of our Southern camps and from some weeks of work among nine other camps of the Southeastern Department, in which are gathered approximately one-third of the American army.

THE BODY OF A CAMP The camps of regulars at Oglethorpe and of marines at Paris Island are equipped with mess shacks and one story barracks or sleeping sheds. The camps of the National or Draft army are housed in large barracks. On the. first floor of a given barracks is the mess room, accommodating perhaps 150 men. On the same floor are sleeping quarters for fifty men. On the second floor is a large room, sometimes divided into two rooms, in which may be sheltered seventy-five or a hundred men.

To speak more particularly of a typical National Guard camp: I think of it as resembling a great American flag covering 2,200 acres of land. Marking the bottom of the flag is the long street of the regiments of artillery and engineers, and the ammunition and supply trains. Along the stripes run the regimental streets of some of the infantry and machine gun battalions, and of the signal corps and medical units. At the~top of the flag is the brigade street of other infantry. An Association hut serves each unit of 5,000 men_ In the center of the camp is a great auditorium, the largest to be found in any camp in America.

This Red Triangle Coliseum is open to speakers like President Taft, and to entertainments in which the whole division may be interested.

A mile from camp lies the great base hospital, accommodating twe-Ive hundred men. Five miles away are the emplacements of batteries for the three artillery regiments: Over yonder are trenches, miles of them. In these trenches, the boys of the infantry propose to spend certain nights, while from their emplacements the batteries shoot actual shells over the trenches to the "German" positions beyond.

.Nine miles from camp, in the wilderness, are the sleeping and mess shacks of the rifle range. Here too are trenches, in which for three or five days a battalion of men will take turns firing at targets at different distances. Some of these targets are great squares, others of them arc the dark field-gray silhouettes of "German" soldiers, just visible above the ground.

Here too is an Association shack, with its writing tables, its victrola, its·piano, its evening entertainments.

On one side of each regimental street are the officers' mess shacks, the headquarters and infirmary buildings, and the officers' little huts or half tents. On the other side of the street are the mess shacks of the men. Each mess shack is a shed about 125 feet long. The floor within is of earth. Two tables stretch the length Of the shack, with plank seats such as you have used at picnic parks. Each boy has his own mess kit. At the bugle call, he takes his place in line and passes before the cook's counter. Here one man supplies him with meat and gravy, another man with potatoes and perhaps tomatoes, another man supplies him with coffee. To a refined taste the coffee is rank. In general the food is abundant and good. A piece of verse libre appeared in one of the camp papers to this effect: "The next time Our mess sergeant Cuts Up a horse For steak, I hope he Won't forget to Take off the harness."

But the food is far better than that to which fifty per cent of the boys have been accustomed. It is of course monotonous. The next time you are tempted to write a letter to a friendless and homeless boy in camp, don't do it; but send him rather cookies or candies or chocolate, and he will be far more grateful than he would be if you wrote him a ten-page letter. The following note may be helpful to those who have friends in France. It is a clipping from the Ohio Rainbow Reveille, official organ of the 166th Infantry:

1918J THE BODY .AND THE SOUL OF AN ARMY CAMP

WHERE THE BODIES OF SOLDIERS ARE MENDED-AND SOME'rIME,S THEIR SOULS Hospital scene at Camp Travis, San Antonio, Texas. Y. M. C. A. secretary visiting and bringing books for the convalescent patients.

"Will trade: One pair of heliotrope hose-supporters in a hollycovered box, two pairs of gold cuff links engraved, 'To our soldier,' a dead wrist watch, seven neckties, color schemes ranging from cognac crystal to plain black, together with six classy Christmas greeting cards and some sob stuff about the brave lads in khaki, three old copies of the Reveille. Will trade the whole batch for a can of perfectly reliable insect powder."

Behind the shack is the double row of tents, opening upon the company street. The street may be running mud, but usually it is immaculately clean. Each tent is boarded up at the sides and is floored. Sometimes beneath the floor the boys have dug a little wood cellar. In the tent are from eight to twelve cots-twelve are too many. Through the winter there has been a little Sibley stuve in the middle of the tent, a stove which heats the tent thoroughly when it is well fed. At ten o'clock at night the fire must be put out, the tent flap opened.

Speaking still of the body of the camp, I may say that I hold no brief for any man or any group of men; but I think that with reference to camp conditions several things should be said.

1. At any rate in the Southeast, the War Department has performed

a miracle in the establishment and maintenance of the camps, and in the feeding, clothing and housing of our boys. Consider the complete breakdown of the transportation of the country. Consider the difficulty of getting lumber. Consider the difficulty of getting labor, in view of the enormous exodus of Negroes to the North. Consider the difficulty of getting clothing. One is amazed not that so little has been done, but that so much has been done.

2. Some of the undoubted defects in the conditions of our army camps are a reflection not upon one man or group of men. They are a reflection upon the great American people. At seven-fifteen one Sunday morning I proposed to lead a brief devotional service in the base hospital for some 150 convalescents. It was a cold morning. The stove was there, the fuel was there, but there was no fire in the stove. I did not feel like blaming the War Department. When an orderly fails to build a fire or "'hen an orderly treats with sacrilege the body of a dead soldier, I regard it as a reflection upon the city schools and the American civilization of which the orderly is the product. vVhen five hundred southern boys get pneumonia, it is a reflection largely upon the unsanitary conditions in the midst of which in their southern mountains and southern towns they have grown up, conditions which have now rendered them powerless to resist the physical evils of a camp environment, in which other men have thrived, gained weight and strength.

As Americans we have been living easy-going, happy-go-lucky, selfish lives, we have served spasmodically and got our pictures into the Sunday papers; we have only begun to learn steady, steadfast, sacrificial, universal, coordinated service,-the service which does not advertise, which does not demand stripes on the sleeve, bars upon the shoulders, medals upon the breast.

THE SOUL OF A CAMP This is not so easily discussed or described. Each camp has a soul of its own. A rather sharp distinction has been drawn between the camps of the Regular Army, those of the National Guard, and those of the National Army. A certain amount of mutual jealousy has been felt, but this is not very virulent. .

There is a radical distinction between the soul of a camp of southern boys and one of the northern boys. Among the men of the southern Na- tional Guard, there is scarcely a foreigner, or a man of foreign parent- age. It is said of Camp Sevier that it is the most American of all the American camps. Here we need no educational classes to teach the men English. In Camp Gordon we need to have the Testament in nineteen different languages if it is to be reasonably intelligible to all the soldiers there.

Among the southern soldiers, educational classes are conducted for illiterates. In one regiment there were reported three hundred men

THE: BODY AND THE: SOUl OF AN ARMy CAMp

-.

WHERE THE "Y" MEN GET INTO TOGeH WITH THE SOLDIERS A scene at the desk in a Y. M. C. A. "hut" at Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas.

who could neither read nor write. One man was induced to enter an educational class in order that he might read and reply to the letters which he received from his little seven year old daughter_ The Southern boys have a very strong religious interest. One Sunday morning in one camp of Southerners, I walked through streets whose mud in places was actually up to the hubs of an army truck. A dense mist covered the entire camp. As I approached one of our Association buildings, I heard singing. And there at nine o'clock I saw the largest Protestant gathering I had ever seen at that time on a Sabbath morning. A Southerner was leading the singing. The boys all knew the old hymns, and they sang and sang with the utmost fervor. The great majority of the southern soldiers count themselves Methodists or Baptists. Their' religion does not invariably tie itself up to morals or to the Ohurch. But among these simple-hearted southern boys we have an opportunity absolutely unique.

'Yithin the ordinary camp life, each organization, each company indeed, has its own soul, its own habits of thought, its ovn outlook upon life. Speaking with the inaccuracy of all general statements, I would say that these great splendid-looking fellows are children. I have seen a soldier on Hallowe'en carrying from town to camp an immense teddy

bear. I have seen three soldiers on a train playing by the half hour with a toy. climbing monkey. Like children and collegians they grow home· sick.

Like children, too, they are at once most responsive and most irre· .sponsible. I was asked to teach a company Bible Class in a mess shack. I arrived on time. Noone else was there. Finally the captain came in and remarked, "This is a .heck of a place for a Bible Olass. Let's go up to the Association building." And he marched most of his men by twos to the hut. At the Bible Olass, there were present two majors, a captain and perhaps 125 or 150 men. At the close of the class, the Building Re· ligious Work Secretary said, "How many have enjoyed "the class?;' "It so as to raise the roof. "How many will come next Sunday if Mr. H.– will teach the class again?" "I." The next Sunday the teacher was there, and not another living soul. In about fifteen minutes perhaps fifo teen or seventeen strolled in, but by that time we must prepare fora chaplain service, and nothing happened.

But while the soldiers are in many ways as children, they impress one as on the way to manhood. Among them, there is a growing earnest· ness, soberness, I had almost said somberness. There is little of spread· eagle optimism, such as is revealed by the supposedly comic pictures representing the soldier prodding the kaiser with his bayonet. A colonel won applause by a remark like this: "Down in the artillery we have all kinds of mascots-monkeys, dogs, and a bear. But when we go across, we can't take any mascot, but we are going to bring back one, the kaiser's goat!" But usually the speaker who proposes to "can the kaiser" wins feeble response. On the other hand there is a dogged determination to see the thing through. They are not coming back "till it's over, over there." I was interested in a drafted man, who was explaining his own attitude, and that of his tent mates. He said, "We have talked it all over, and have realized that we are in it, and the only way to get out of it is to go through with it, and we are going to go through with it as fast as possible." But perhaps the manhood of the men revealed itself to me com- pletely in what I may call the triumph of the human spirit. One who has not been in camp can scarcely realize the monotony of the soldier's life; but seldom did I hear any real complaint. Like lHcawber the boys are always waiting for something to turn up. A southern officer re- marked to me, "A soldier learns neither to wonder nor to worry." As few things ever do turn up, the monotony palls and keeps on palling; but it cannot conquer the truly indomitable spirit of the boys.

Oonquering monotony, the spirit of the men conquers the emergency. We had a perfectly frightful tornado at the very beginning of the camp. Tents went down, floods of water drowned kits and equipment. Through much of the night the boys worked, some of them stark naked, and then went to sleep on the tables of the mess shacks. While

THE BODY AND THE SOUL OF AN ARMY CAMP

there was a vast deal of swearing, there was far more humor and laughter, and the next morning the boys were charmed at the thought that they had an adventure to write home about.

The sins of the soldier are coarse, obvious, man sins. Profanity is profuse and promiscuous. I remarked to a group of tent-mates, "You fellows will forget how to talk to ladies after a while." One boy said, "That's true enough.. I was down at the Baptist social the other night, and found myself swearing at the girl I was talking with." A good many boys are entirely free from profanity. The officer who doesn't swear is profoundly respected. One sergeant has a swear-box. Any man who enters the tent and swears has to put a nickel into the box before he leaves the tent. I am persuaded that profanity, while highly undesirable, is a skin disease, and not a cancer eating at the heart.

Gambling has been and is in parts of the camp still very common. But it is not a mania, it is rather a means of varying the monotony. Some of the officers and all of the secretaries are quietly at work trying to stop the gambling, for it does injure the morale of the men. One of our secretaries said he had always envied the priest his confessional; but no longer. He has a little hole in the wall, where he sells money orders. A boy will come up and wish to send sixty dollars home. The secretary of course knows that he never got that sum of money lawfully, and sooner or later he gets the chance to say the word which will stop the gambling.

Drunkenness can scarcely now be called a sin of the American soldier. I have been almost continuously with the enlisted men for five months. I have seen them at all times of the day and night, in the camp a'nd down town and on the train. I have seen typical representatives of camps containing four hundred thousand men. In that period I have seen only one drunken soldier. I believe that there has been no previous epoch of the world's history when a reasonably intelligent observer could have made such a statement. The statement is a tribute not alto- gether to the virtue of the soldier. It is a tribute to the efficiency of our military police, a tribute to. the wisdom of our War Department, in bringing so many of our camps into dry territory. After a long hike, a major spoke proudly of his battalion. He said, "There is an argument for dry legislation. It is just after pay day. The soldiers have marched ten miles. Not a man has fallen out. See how fine they look. That could never have happened down OIl the Border." The last enemy of the soldier, tne last Hun of the spirit, is licentious- ness. I wish to say one word for the comfort of Ohristian parents. The boys who have grown up clean in clean homes, and wholesome church life, are almost invariably clean. Indeed the camp life seems to strengthen and purify. And there are thousands of men now fighting a victorious fight against impurity, who in civil life knew .defeat.

At first I was profoundly depressed by the soldiers' sins, but more

recently I have been profoundly stirred by their virtues. They have been taken from their homes, from their loves, from their life plans. They are held under irksome discipline, which to their restless hearts seems needlessly long and tedious. When we do a hard piece of work, we look forward to a change, a vacation. The only change our boys exped is the journey overseas. Theil' only vacation is in the hell of France.

Freqnently yon will be asked about revivals of religion among the soldiers. I discount such reports. The boys are anxious to be courteous, eager to please the speaker, and to do their part in a ladylike fashion. One speaker from the Nortll said to a crowd of men, "How many of you will permit me to go back to New York to tell the people of the North that you will come home clean?" Practically every man in the room raised his hand, not because he had thought through what it meant to go to Prance and to serve in .B'rance and to come back clean, but because he was anxious to do his part to make the evening pleasant all around.

But while I cannot tell of revivals of religion in the army, I can tell you of officers who respect their men, and whom their men respect, officers who are Ohristian gentlemen. I can tell you of chaplains, men who love Ohrist and love their men, who become the fathers confessor of their regiments. I can take you into one of six large buildings, in our camp, each painted green, an oasis in the barren brown of the camp. Each building will accommodate or rather hold eight hundred boys when packed tight. In their leisure times the men wiII line the desks around the room, writing letters on the paper furnished by the Y. 1£. O. A. The average man IS always behind in his correspondence, but he writes vo- luminously. Said an officer to me, "If I were an Association secretary, I should never preach to the boys, I should simply say, '·Write home.' "

In a Y. M. O. A. building, two nights a week, there will be movies; one night a week, friends will furnish entertainment. One night a week is devoted to stunts or performances by soldier talent. Sunday night and one week night are called "religious" nights. Let me tell you of one of these nights. Upon the screen there will be thrown the stirring words of some camp or trench song, "There's a long, long trail a-wind- ing," "Over There," "Indiana"; then the words and music of some famil· iar hymns. Then a man will speak for fifteen minutes, holding the sol· diers spell bound as he tells them about the allies of the soldier of .Jesus Christ, or about Jesus who will save his people from their sins. At the . close perhaps he will say, "Boys, I have here a war roll. It is being signed by thousands and thousands of soldiers in this country, in Eng· land, in France. Listen to it. 'I hereby pledge my allegiance to Jesus Ohrist as Saviour and Lord, and promise to fight His battles for the vic· tory of His kingdom!" Isn't that great? Now I am not going to arouse your emotions and get you to come up here en masse to sign this card, but down there are some secretaries, friends of yours, who will be glad

THE BODY AND THE SOUL OF AN ARMY CAMP

A RELIGIOUS SERVICE WIlEN NO "HU'l'" COULD HOLD THE SOLDIERS "Billy" Sunday preaching to the soldiers at a Camp in California.

to talk with you after the prayer, and I want to shake hands with as many of you as I can. And I want you to stay."

After the me.eting, possibly fifteen or sixteen soldiers will talk with their friends about the most precious things in life. There may be gathered up fifteen or more war rolls on such a night. Each war roll is sent to New York. From New York a letter is written to the boy who has declared his allegiance to Jesus Christ, congratulating bim upon his new or renewed purpose. Another letter is sent to the pastor of his home church, and the original card is sent to the parents of the boy, that in the days when he is over in France, or perchance lies buried beneath the flowers of Flanders, they may have the card which speaks of their boy's purpose when he was down in a southern camp. Now this sort of work is being done in every camp of our country.

The one special contribution' of our camp Association to the solution of the religious problem has been made by the adoption of Augustus Nash's plan of the squad interview. 'Vith the cooperation of some of the ablest men of the neighboring cities, we were able to have interviews with the representatives of eighteen thousand out of twentyfive thousand men at our camp.

Ten or fifteen fine laymen might go down a company street. The

boys who knew they were coming would for the most part be in their tents to welcome the friendly invaders. If you were one of these, you :would stop at one of the tents and would soon get into conversation with :t.he boys, and. would lead up to some s1J~h idea fS this: . "Boys, I have wanted very much to go along with you but Uncle .Sam won't let me, he tells me I'm too old; but I want you to know that I am with you down to the ground. I have had an idea that the only .man who can beat the Germans is the man who has conquered himself first. Now I heard a corporal say that you can pull off this Christian stuff in civilian life but you can;t pull it off in the army. Do you believe that?" .

And a little Greek will say, "I am a Christian. I was baptised. I am a church member."

An American boy will say, "Oh, it's one thing to be a church member and quite another thing to be a Christian."

"Is that so? What's the difference? Did you ever see a Christian?"

"Not around these parts."

"Are you sure? Did you ever meet Doc?" (One of the Secretaries.) "Yes, by George, I believe he is a Christian."

"Did you ever see General So and So?"

They all know him.

"Well, do you know what that man said in public a while ago? He said, 'I read my Bible every day and pray to God that I may be a better man.' Now I suppose if one of you fellows happened to read your Bible, the rest of you would throw your boots at him, wouldn't you?" , "Well, we might make it rather unpleasant."

A Catholic will say, "I have a Bible here," and he pulls out from under his pillow a Douay Bible, and you turn to the chapter about the Good Samaritan.

"There was a certain man going down from Jerusalem to Jericho and he fell among robbers, which stripped him of his clothing and left him half naked, and there was a certain priest came down that way, and what do you suppose he did?"

"I don't know. I guess he helped him."

"No, he passed by on the other side; and then there was a Levite, a kind of janitor around the temple, and what did he do? He passed by on the other side; and then there came by one of those poor devils of a Samaritan, and what did he do?"

"I don't know."

"Well, he got off his beast, poured oil and wine into his wounds, took him to a hotel, paid the landlord two dollars, and told him that when he came back again, if there was any extra expense, he would pay it."

By this time, the boys would be looking at you as if they were

THE BODY AND THE SOUL OF AN ARMY CAMP

listening to a novel, one boy lying on a cot, another lying under the upturned knees of his comrade, gazing at you like one of Raphael's cherubs.

"See here, fellows, have you thought what would happen if one tent cleaned up? You know what happens when measles or meningitis or mumps gets into a tent; how it sweeps down right through the company street. Now, I think that there is a contagion of health that works in just the same way. If one tent cleans up, the next tent on each side will clean up, and then another tent, until the whole company street will be well and clean and strong."

"Oh, that's not so. Men ain't molecules." "True enough, but it's worth trying, don't you think so, Corporal?" "Well, I think I should like to try it for a while." "Will you promise me?" "No, I won't promise nothing." "All right, old man, but you have told me you would like to try." The work ;did not end with a single visit. Those business men fol- lowed up the boys whom they had visited, with letters; invitations to their homes. Not a complete success, but the plan was amply justified by its results. A friend asked one of the boys what he thought about the Y. M. C. A.. He said, "Ittakes the sick out of homesick," and a little foreigner replied to a similar question, "She our mother." Now by helping a nian who has got in wrong, now by helping a spendthrift save his money, now by distributing the gracious gifts of the women of the NQrth, now by friendly counsel to a boy who has not written home for months, now by kindling again the fires of purity in the heart of a tempted man, the Association tries to mother our boys. The most impressive hour of our camp day is at evening either just . before or just after mess, when the bugles call, and every soldier in the entire c.amp stands at attention, still as a statue, the busy hum of the camp is quieted, the "Star Spangled Banner" is played, the flags are lowered. No man can participate in this act of reverence night after night and remain unstirred. Chaplains and Association secretaries have tried to bring to the hearts M our boys the great stillness in which they shall turn to their God, who has made oar flag worth saluting, worth fighting for, worth dying for. I close with two considerations. First: There is not a boy down at camp whose attitude toward the war and toward life is not being influenced by some friend at home. Slilcond: President Wilson's program can be put through only with the eager concurrence of the public opinion which you have so large an opportunity to form. This program means such suffering to us as a social ol'ganism, such anguish as we have never dreamed. And those

at home will do much to determine whether the "rivers of pain" shall flow fruitless through the plains of Europe and over the prairies of America.

Every gun was once a thought, every submarine was once a thought, the ruin of Belgium, and of Poland and of Servia, the assassination of Armenia, the war itself, was once a thought. The Red Cross movement, the Association movement, the philanthropies which dry the tears of thousands, all these were once thoughts. One suggests that "an internationalized world must first exist in the minds, hearts and consciences of the trained men and women of the civilized world." So our thoughtR turn from our boys in the camp to the thought of America's program as it relates itself to the internationalized world, as it relates itself to the Kingdom of God, that we and the boys we love may go with unbandaged eyes to the supreme sacrifices of this supreme crisis of the world's history, that we and they may n'ot have suffered in vain.

Religion at the Front A Letter from a Y. M. C. A. Secretary Somewhere in France.

If you hear that the Y. 11. C. A. is neglecting the religious work in Prance, just tell people this from me:' 'Ve have two religious services at the principal points every Sunday; at all points a mid-week devotional hour; Bible classes in several places and soon will have them in all. ",Ve give out many 'l'estaments. That means we have the military address, the home address and church relation, and it very often means a definite decision for Christ. 'Ve are also arranging for Bible classes on all the boats. We have services in the Hospital and occasionally administerer communion there. 'Ve keep a record of all personal work and there is much done. What is more important, our chief is a strong, Christian man, and the work, as a whole, is viewed from the religious point. He g~thers all the secretaries once a week for conference and prayer. The longer I am here the more I feel the possibilities of the work. Back in California I preach to a nice, comfortable Christian congregation, but here I have the direction of the religious work that is undertaken for all the men in a division and which touches, by reason of the fact that this is a port city, a great number-a number that I cannot mention.

I like the spirit of the men here and I like the religion that convinces them-it is the simple truth of God-Christ-righteousnessdecency–Iove. It must" be free from cant, it must be dead earnest, it must be cleansed of all sectarianism, insincerity and machinery. The men are religious, however rough they may be, and if the Lord Jesus Christ is not given to them, its our fault, and if we fail to present the religious message we are losing the big chance of the war. Its a war for the Big Things of our faith and we must know that faith that we may prove it right; that we may gain Christ for the world.

Touch of

BY S. D. GORDON. Author of "Quiet Talks on Prayer," etc.

O NE touch of Jesus makes the whole world akin. Or, rather, it would be better put in this way-one touch of Jesus reveals the fact that all the world is akin.

vVhen I went to the Orient I was bothered quite a bit, sometimes, in thinking that perhaps I would not fit into the Oriental way of looking at things. Could I really get into human touch with them? Would my American way of putting things fit in? The American has such a distinctive way, all his own, of putting things.

And would my interpreter "get" my American English? For American English is so distinct from English English. And most of the English-speaking people of Europe and Asia have been trained in the literature and verbiage of Great Britain.

Then I had read a few of the books that insist that the Orient and Occident have no point of contact. Kipling's insistence on this is fa· miliar, that East is East, and vVest is West, and the two never get together. .

I recalled how·the American puts his coat on over his vest, and the Chinese his vest on over his coat. vVe read a book from left to right, and our olive-skinned brother of the Orient from right to left. And when one tries to get hold of a Chinese sentence through some expert linguist you feel that if you could stand on your head for a fresh point of view it might help things out a bit, linguistically.

But to my delight I found that my misgivings were all awry. Once again my -fears did not have good footing. I made a great discovery that still makes my heart burn-all the world's akin! And a touch of Jesus, the world's divine Kinsman, reveals the fact.

The East balks at our rule of the clock. Our Western way of organizing is a puzzle to them. The highly inflectional languages of Europe are in strange contrast to the agglutinate languages of China and Japan.

And our highly polished, abstractly phrased book sentences are in as sharp contrast with their pictorial languages. And our theology! Our intricate, nicely mortised together systems of theological philosophiz- ings are bewildering to them.

But, but-one touch of Jesus, one warm living touch of the divine Man who belongs to all the race, Son of God, Son of Man, Brother of Man, this draws together all the world, East and West, North and South, Arctic and Equatorial, yellow skins and brown, blue eyes and black, round heads and long.

Then the differences become incidental. By themselves they seem as big and hard as the book makers say. They tower to Alpine heights that bar people from each other. But as one gets into this Jesus-touch of heart it is quickly seen that the world's more alike than it is different.

It is striking that as men come to know, in a simple warm human way, about Jesus Christ, they are drawn to Him. They never think of Him as a foreigner. He is one of themselves, they instinctively think. 'Wherever I went I felt that I was a foreigner, but Jesus was never a foreigner.

In the south of Japan I went into the churches founded generations ago through the Portuguese priests. I listened as the people were praying. But they were not praying in Portuguese. They had no idea that Jesus was a Portuguese, though the Portuguese had taught them of Him. They were praying in Japanese. To them the Man Christ Jesus is a Japanese. He talks Japanese. He is one of themselves. The same is as true in the churches founded by the Americans during the past sixty years.

And so it is everywhere. The Chinese think of Jesus as having a round head like their own, and slanting eyes, and olive skin. The flaxenhaired Hollandish maid praying by the side of her single cot pours out her petitions in Dutch. And that, not the Dutch of the books and the scholars; no, the Dutch of the cr.adle and the fireside, of the street corner and the market place, the Dutch of love-making, the real language of any people. And if you could listen you would feel that she knows down in her heart that J esU8 talks Dutch.

I recall an old Lappish woman far up in northern Sweden, where the nomad Lapps still thrive, and reckon their wealth not in gold but in reindeer. Despite her seventy years she had come three days' journey, alone, over the snow on her long wooden snow shoes or skees, to be at the week's meetings. She used to sit about midway down the hall, with the drapery of white hair over her black eyes that glowed and deepened and flamed as she listened.

Of course I talked through interpretation, as I did almost wholly for about three years. Sentence by sentence, short, terse, simple, the message went in a steady stream, from my lips through those of thl~ man by my side, to the people.

One night these simple-hearted, earnest Laplanders asked to have an open prayer meeting following the speaking. And so it was quickly arranged. And they spent two or three hours in prayer, one after another pouring out the heart, with intervals of silence. I stayed and listened and joined them in spirit. It's- surprising how much you can know of things going on by the feel of the 8pirit.

By and by, I thought it was myoId black-eyed, white-haired woman friend praying. We had come to know each other just through the intercourse of our spirits, during the speaking. I glanced up to see.

ONE TOUCH OF JESUS

Yes, she was praying in a low hushed vibrant voice. But she had no need of an interpreter. She was face-to-face with a Friend, a Kinsman. You could tell by the feel of her voice in the still air that she knew that J e8U8 talked Lappish. They were alone together in closest kinship of spirit.

I recall a Swedish friend telling me of an experience he had up in the Baltic provinces of Russia. He was speaking in German, the common speech of most of the crowd of those parts. And in that my friend was quite fluent. But it was the high German he spoke, the language that Luther of the highland country of Saxony had made the standard language of all Germany by his Bible translation.

One day, at the close of the meeting, a woman came to ask my friend a question. She was one of the common, unlettered people, and spoke the low German still used by great numbers of her class. But my friend couldn't understand her. At length, after many attempts to make herself understood, the woman Simply said, "Ugh, well, I'll just ask Jesus. He'll understand. He talks low German."

She felt iu her heart that she would get what would satisfy her quest. So often the common, unlettered people have in freer degree, the spirit discernment which our Quaker friends call "the inner light." Unhampered by the elements in lparning which sometimes hinder, though they need not, they seem more open ofttimes to Spirit influences.

Now Jesus has a universal human heart. Men of all the race come to feel that Jesus understands them. As they kneel in African kraal, or Ohinese village, in Indian tepee, or amid Western civilization, they look up, and they know that there is on the throne yonder One who i~ bone of our bone, whose experience is our experience. He bends over listening with a man's sympathy, with human understanding.

There is more of God since Jesus came down here, and lived our human life, and went back again. He has taken human experience up into the heart of God_ And all the world comes to understand it so, when once they get into simple warm human touch with Jesus, without being hampered by some of our over-conventionalized and abstract Christian philosophies.

It's striking, too, to notice everywhere what it is in Jesus that draws men. They admire His teaching, its freshness and originality and comprehensiveness, and its high ideals. They Rtand in awe of the character of Jesus, its purity and strength. But these are not the things in Him that take hold of their hearts most, and compel the devotion of their lives.

It is this: that He loves, really loves them; that He pledges His love in the one unmistakable way, by giving His life, and giving it clear out.

Here is the clue to fine missionary strategy. This attitude of men everywhere, east and· west, north and south, toward Jesus when they get the warm human touch with Him, this gives the strategic clue. Take

to them the story of the Man who died for them, when He was not obliged to do it. The only necessity was the driving power of His great human divine love. This is the finest, the shrewdest strategy in all missionary propaganda.

Of course other things go with this, hospitals and medical colleges, with the best equipment and the latest of western science. Of cours£> we will take these. Educational activities, and industrial, and humanitarian, grow naturally out of the Gospel spirit. We will teach them all about better selection of seed, and how to get larger, finer cabbages, and the like.

. And we will seek to coordinate all missionary effort, so that the field may be studied and planned for in a thoughtful statesmanlike way. We will naturally insist that men of nations classed as Christian shall at least not be untrue to the more dominant truths of the Christian faith in their contacts, commercial and otherwise, with the non-Christian people.

Yet, of course, all this is part and parcel of the brotherly spirit, the Jesus spirit. It is possible to do all of these good things, and utterly miss the mark in the chiefest thing of giving them warm close human contact with the Man who died. It is the tremendous subtle influence flowing out of, not Jesus' life merely, but His death, His peculiar distinctive death, that makes the western civilization so different from the characteristic Oriental civilization.

It is not possible to give them Jesus, in the warm living human way suggested, without giving them these other things, too. That is, it is not possible where His spirit in its breadth, its humanness, its practicality, has sway.

These other things in themselves are secondary. They are of incalculable value in themselves. They are well worth doing in themselves from the humanitarian, the brotherly, standpoint. They fully justify all the millions involved. But from the point of view of the Book, of our Lord's great commission to His Church, from the real Christian point of view, to give these, with the other as incidental, is wholly missing the mark of missionary propaganda.

And it still remains true that the one chief thing that fits a man for any part in missionary service is that he has been caught by the .Jesus' passion, which comes only as his life and powers and training are flamed and swept by the Holy Spirit. He may have the best that academic course, and specialized technical training, can give. And the more the better. But if he have not the other simple fundamental essentialwell, the least that can be said is to question the value of his going as a Christian missionary, however useful he may be in other ways.

This attitude of men, toward Jesus when they really get in touch with Him, gives the unfailing clue to missionary qualification, and to missionary strategy,

l'mMITIVl~ METHODS OJ!' LIFE AND TRAVEl, IN THE

A roadside scene-a native shack, carabos and two-wheeled cart.

Leaves From a Physician's Note Book PEN PICTURES OF MEDICAL WORK IN THE PHILIPPINES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THIRTEEN YEARS BY R. C. THOMAS, M.D., ILOILO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society CAPIZ, P. 1., 1904.-The dispensary was crowded today. It is not much to boast of; just a corrugated iron partition screening off a corner of the basement of one of the upper·class houses typical of the Philippines. These houses are two stories in height, with corrugated iron roof, wooden superstructure and coral stone basement. We share our quarters with the native "quilez," or two-wheeled carriage; and we are already accustomed to the neigh of the pony stabled just behind us. It is primitive indeed, this dispensary, but no more so than the assistant, Sr. X–, who assists me in the clinic. This morning he gave me another sample of his perspicacity. A native woman of the "tao" or peasant class came in with a child on her hip-the national method of carrying infants. After a painstaking ten minutes spent in recording her age, pedigree audpast history, and a few more minutes consumed bya physical examination, I inquired of Sr. X–, who acted a~ interpreter, the nature of her present illness. "She is not ill," he replied. "Not ill," I queried in amazement. "Then why is she here?" ({She is not ill," repeated Sr. X – – with dignity. "Her child is ill."

This was charact€ristic of Sr. X–. He would not presume to offer the suggestion that I was examining the wrong patient.

The group of "infirmos" or "masakit" (as they call the sick in the Vizayan dialect), at the clinic this morning was fairly large, which is somewhat to be wondered at., as rumors persistently circulate that the Americans poison the wellS, when cholera breaks out. Indeed, a fellow missionary in Iloilo heard that the people were so suspicious of his methods, that they waylaid one of his patients and forced him to take all his medicine in one gulp. Fortunately it was not a fatal dose. Some native remedies are quite harmless and equally valueless. One of the men had a white cross on his neck traced in lime; another had a plaster disc pasted on his temple–"Ohinese medicine; warranted to cure malaria."

VICTIMS OF AN EXPLOSION 'foday a casualty occurred. A "tao" laborer was fatally injured by a blast. I met the priest coming out as I arrived, for the priest is of more importance than the doctor on such an occasion. Olimbing the bamboo ladder, I stooped into the little nipa shack. The customary crowd of natives filled the room. A single glance revealed the poverty of the owner. The furniture consisted of a chair or two, a bamboo table, and in the adjoining kitchen the hollowed Jog for pounding out the rice, and the primitive stove, consisting of a wooden tahle with two large stones on it to prop the rice kettle.

The man lay on the floor unconscious. My assistant who had formerly been a choir leader in the great Roman Oatholic church nearby, was on his knees in an instant beside the dying man, hoping to reach him with the Gospel message. It was too late, but by his side was his little daughter, who had also been injured in the accident, and to her we both could minister.

During the night I watched over the child, and this vi-gil became a weird initiation for me into the ways of these people-ways that have continued ever since the coming of the Spaniard. Tl':e dead man was lying in the adjoining room, and near him was a large picture painted in oil-a crude attempt to represent the "Way of Life." In the foreground was a roadway, a typical road of the Philippines, with its rich foliage and palm trees on either hand; but in the bacl{ground this pathway ended in a blaze of light to represent heaven. On either side of the picture tallow candles spluttered all night long, and before it, on their knees, little groups of mourners dressed in black, droned over their beads, saying prayers for a dead man's soul. How sad it all was!

A few days later the mother of the little girl whose life had been saved paid me a visit, and showed great emotion. A votive offering of dozens of eggs, ducks and a goat testified to the genuineness of her feeling.

A NOVEL EXPERIENCE Tonight a fellow missionary helped me with an operation in a shack. It proved to be a race with the dark, as the small tin lamp with

LEAVES FROM A PHYSICIAN'S NOTE BOOK

wick immersed in cocoanut oil is not to be tolerated near ether vapor. Night falls rapidly whl')n once the sun sets, and we had little time, but working in the dark is to be preferred to the flickering flame and acrid smoke of these little tin lamps. Such primitive attempts to do clean surgery in an unpromising environment remind me that the other day I helped a fellow practitioner to amputate an arm with an unusual instrument-a buck saw. The operation was successful. It was no worse than my attempt to pull a tooth with a bicycle wrench.

A TRIP INTO THE COUNTRY At dawn the carriers shoulder their bamboo "teter poles" with the the packs swinging at either end; the ponies are saddled, and an extra dnch is taken in the girths, for these native ponies frequently are frisky. The road leads across a dilapidated wooden bridge, and then straight away for miles into the open country. On either side tower palm trees, and clustered at their bases, bananas and tropical plants add grace and color. Frequently herds of carabao or water oxen ate seen grazing, with flocks of the pure white carabao birds hovering over them or perched on their shaggy backs. The native nipa shacks, singly and in groups or barrios, are scattered along the route in large number. They are artistic in the distance and not so filthy as one might expect, when one considers that the occupants are of a race who had no word for soap until the Spaniards came. Inside these. shacks there is little in the way of conveniences; and practically nothing whatever in the way of reading matter.

This is the open door for the itinerant "medico," and we use it. Here and there brief stops are made at the barrios, and, after short clinics, Bibles are sold and the Gospel is preached. At nightfall we put up at a native house. These people are the soul of hospitality, willing to sleep on the floor, and give their beds to the unexpected guest.. Rice and "doubtful" eggs and water boiled in a rice kettle, smoky but germless are served; and then we retire beneath the protection of the friendly mosquito net.

At break of day we are off again, and by noon are winding over the trails in the hills, with the feathery tassels of the "tigbaw" grass waving over our heads. Here the verdure is different, and so are the people. These mountaineers are free limbed, strong-bodied and largesouled. They give us a hearty greeting and guide us to their little bamboo chapel on the hill top, after a rough scramble through the stiff kogon grass. The chapel is ready for the clinic, and the sign of the Good Samaritan is floating over the doorway-the American flag. These hill folk are wise enough to recognize that the best of Americanism is her Protestant Christianity, and they hang the flag at the door of the church building. The clinic over, the candidates for baptism are examined. One old man in the group is wizened and attenuated, and gives his age as ninety_ All these long years he has been waiting like Simeon for

the child Jesus. His'testimony is complete, and his face is his credential of a changed heart. Early the next morning, the church members and their friends gather by the little rock bound basin cut from the cliff side by the hand of God. Here, with the vistas of rice field and rolling hill ribboned with silver-where the mountain torrents slip away to the sea, the old man is baptized. His years of service will be few, hut we thank God that the good news did not come too late.

A BROKEN ARM 'l:'oday we have had a hard hike through the muddy Negros roads. vVe have waded through rivers and crossed uncertain bridges, but at length have arrived at a little coast town. The sea is calm. The beach, of hard white sand, is fringed with cocoanut palms, and the rustic fishers' huts are welcome after a hard hot journey. The clinic we have held has been well attended. One case was of special interest. A fisherman had just broken the bone of his upper arm in a wrestling match on the beach. After a half hour's work we had splinted it and sent him away for a month's retirement. In an hour he had returned with all dressings removed and the cheerful information that his "arm was much better." So it goes-in the Philippines.

A TOUR IN NEGROS-1917 The roads are excellent for most of the way, being macadamized and in good repair. Concrete bridges have now replaced the old fashioned wooden ones. How great a contrast there is in our touring now and ten years ago. Then we went on ponies or bicycles or walked; now we go in Panay Island on the railroads, or automobile, and today in Negros automobiles are everywhere. We have just traveled in a car eighty miles along the coast road, and visited a number of towns. It is a maritime plain and rich agricultural country. Here and there sugar mills are'passed, with their fringe of bullock carts about the yard.

Away in the distance the Volcano KanLaon (Old Man of the Mountain) reminds us of Papa Isio, the bandit, who for years lived in the mountain and terrorized the community. We saw him last in a cell in Bacolod. Poor misguided wretch! He has yielded like the cholera and smallpox to the wholesome influences of modern American civilization. On the other side glimpses of the sea are caught between copses of bamboo that intervene. On all sides natives enliven the scene, waist deep in the rice field; trudging along the road with baskets of produce on their heads; or noisily engaged in bartering in the market place, 'where many hundreds congregate. vVe turn from the scenery and address our attention to them. "Polong" means "word" and "bolong" means medicine. As one medical missionary has reminded us, we must "polong" as well as "bolong" them. 'We try not to forget it; and they welcome both the "doctrine," and the "medicine"; the "polong" and the "bolong."

THE UNION MISSION HOSPITAL As I sit ill the office of the Union Mission Hospital, Iloilo, tOl1ay and hark back to the morning in 1904 when I landed here for the first time and met Dr. Hall, the pioneer medical missionary-it seems impossible that in a little over a decade such changes could take place. He was then practicing in a shack. Now we are associated in this well built hospital of oVer sixty beds and thirty in a native nurses' training' school (the first to be estabHshed in the Islands). The new Nurses' Home, just completed of concrete, is a model of its kind.

At my elbow today are recorded some of the funny mistakes ill diction in the case histories made by the helpers. One recorded, in a ' vain attempt to find a word for "faint," that "the patien t was dizzy till it make him nonsense. " Another frequent symptom has been "pale eyes." Another patient was put down as suffering fl'om "headache and hypogastric aches." Another had "fallen from a house : often breathing cough sometimes." One put down as injured by a "capsule," was found to be the victim of a "cap pistol." StilI another unfortunate suffered from "meat growing on the left neck."

'We are proud of our nurses and beHeve the Filipino nurse is destined to become indispensable to the Filipinos. The nurse and the student class as a whole, will need American supervision for years to come. 'Ve rejoice in the great progress made in all departments of education during the years of American occupation, but we are convinced that the United States government and the Protestant Church of America have only begun their work of the Good Samaritan here. Persistence will insure victory, but withdrawal may court defeat.. America must persist until her t.ask is done.

ONE OF THE MODElIN IM PROVEMENTS IN TIm PHILIPPINES The Nurses' Home in Iloilo; connected with the Union Mission Hospital, built in 1917,

A Missionary Confession of

BY REV. HARMON H. McQUILKIN, D.O., ORANGE, NEW JERSEY Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church.

I BELIEVE in taking the Gospel 16:15 ), and "unto the uttermost part of the Crucified One to the whole of the earth" (Acts 1 :8). "Christian"

wide world. Every new and deeper, and "Missionary" are forever joined insight into the character and pur- in the vocabulary of heaven.

poses of Jesus, every fresh report Third-I believe in taking the Gos- from the mission fields, confirms and pel to the whole world because the strengthens my belief in this program Apostles and their successors believed of evangeli+ation for every race and in it. . Peter, coming down .from the nation. housetop, fresh from his vision of the First-I believe in this because God sheet let down from Heaven, was con- the Father believes in it. He created verted to Foreign Missions (Acts 10: man in His own image (James 3:9). 34, 35). Paul would build on no That means resemblance to Himself other man's foundation. John, in be- and solidarity among themselves atific vision, beheld a great throng (Acts 17:26). In the restoration of around the throne, made up of "every God's image in men's spiritual natures kindred and nation and tongue and (Ephesians 4:24), there is an absolute people" (Rev. 5 :9).

community of need and right. Other- Fourth-I believe in taking the Gos- wise God's work of creatIOn will be pIe to the whole world because of the frustrated in its deepest intention. new life which it has created in the Gods love for men is bounded for non-Christian lands. As the morning us by the Son, and mcludes the world sun dissolves the mists and shadows of (John 3 :16). How dare I change the night and strikes to death the forces of boundary lines or alter the measure- decay, so the Gospel of the Cross dis- ments of His affection? pels ignorance, superstition, despair, In the Psalms we read this stupen- and destroys the destructive forces in dous promise of the Father to His the physical and moral life of men and Son: "I will give thee the nations for women in the lands where before they thine inheritance" (Psalms 2:8). The held high carnival.

divine transfer of the gift can never Fifth-I believe in taking the Gos- be made fully until those nations pel to the whole world because of the come to know Him through the reflex influence of missionary activity preaching of the Evangel. So I must in the lives of those who engage in it.

do my share towards bringing His The happiest Christians and most pros- world-inheritance to Jesus Christ my perous churches are those that are Lord. I must go with God to "every , heart and soul in line with the pro- creature" in my sympathy, my pray- gram of Jesus Christ to give the Gos- ers, my gifts, or He will go and leave pel to the whole world. They "keep me behind. His Commandments" and so He Second-I believe in taking the Gos- "makes His abode with them" (Jahn pel to the whole world because the 14 :23). It is a simple proposition of Lord Jesus Christ believes in it. He cause and effect.

was the first foreign missionary. His .only those who do the Lord's bid- Cross would, He declared, "draw all ding and "go into all the world" to men" unto Him (John 12 :32). He "make disciples of every creature" can looked far beyond the Jewish fold to claim His promise to "be with them see His "other sheep" (John 10:16). always, even unto the end of the age."

His parting command sent His disci- (Matthew 28 :20). , pIes after "every creature" (Mark THIS IS MY MISSIONARY CREED.

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BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boar'ds MISSIONS WHEN THE THERMOMETER SOARS. A S .the th~rmometer ascends, mis- Mission Study Under Old Virginia's sIOnary mterest usually descends. Trees The hotter the days, the more cooling , August days are not usually conthe effect on missionary enthusiasm. Sidered the best offering the calendar Some leaders simply despair. When has to make to the mission study cause. they pack away their winter furs in In fact, there are people who say it June they take out a "Closed Until cannot be done. There are others who Fall" sign to post on the doors of do it. In the hottest of hot August everything appertaining to missionary days a charming Virginia woman, enterprise. The resourceful leader whose home was attractively set in a does not despair. Higher than the large lawn with the most alluring thermometer soars her determination. s~ade, inyi~ed ab~ut a dozen teen age Summer days spell opportunity if we glfls to Jom a mIssion study class to meet one afternoon each week on her but learn our spelling lesson aright. lawn. There under the shade of those To be Continued-See July Meeting grand old trees they met. There they Instead of announcing the first of June that the regular meetings of the met also those "servants of the King" missionary society will be discontinued during the summer, many leaders are of other days and other 'lands. The appending a "To Be Continued" announcement to their June meeting in fascinati?n of David Livingstone's this year in which an unusually large number of people are planning to unswerVl11g purpose to go "anywhere spend the summer days at home. We are learning in these days that real provided it be forward" took hold of warfare is not an enterprise for pleasant days only, but that soldiers, who their hearts. Ion Keith Falconer's expect to win a war, fight on when they are both tired and hot. When ringing call challenged their lives. we fight to win a world, back of all the missionary methods that can be Eleanor Chestnut's girlish longings, devised must be hard, self-sacrificing work, done by people who are often her college achievements, her unselfish tired and worn. Some of the best and most lasting work ever done was ac- living and dying summoned them to complished, not in moments of exuberant joy and of irrepressible energy, but follow in her train. Three of that in moments of weariness and discouragement. group of girls who met under the "Tired! Well, what of that? trees, during the days when some mis- Did'st fancy life was spent on beds of sionary leaders insisted that every- ease, thing should be closed hfoarvethceosmuemsminecr~ have, in the years that then, offered their lives to serve the King -in the field which needs them most.

A July Picnic Meeting No special virtue, however, attaches to unnecessary discomfort. It is not required of those who do without a vacation at shore or mountain resort that they al.so do penance by shutting themselves III a room and locking the Fluttering the rose leaves scattered to door. A missionary meeting on a hot the breeze? Come! rouse thee! Work while it is ~ay mar be just as fine and as helpful In God s out-doors as in-doors. A called to-day, Coward, arise-go forth upon thy way." July missionary picnic meeting is

worth while. For invitations cut out- er fashion, as the paper is slipped inline picnic baskets from white or col- side. Pass the crackers and have facts ored paper, cutting the handle on a read. fold of paper so the basket may be opened and invitation written inside. In serving dates pass a plate con- Ask each member to bring a guest so taining some important missionary that unenlisted women may be inter- date, and the event which made the ested. An orchestra of young people, date notable written on cards. Ask with wind or stringed instruments, each member to compose a rhyme that may be secured, or a cornetist alone will fix the date and the event as firmly may lead the music. If no instruments in mind as is are available, sing the hymns unaccompanied. An appropriate Bible lesson "In fourteen hundred and ninety-two is the story of that picnic meeting Columbus crossed the ocean blue." nearly two thousand years ago in Galilee, when one boy in the five thou- Provide poetic counselors to circulate sand had a lunch and passed it over hither and thither with stimulating to feed the crowd. Make a chaIleng- suggestions. ing appeal that we who have the Bread of Life divide with those who have not. Under "Nuts to Crack" serve ques- Follow this with a reading by a child tions about present-day missions to be or young girl of the poem, "Give Them answered and discussed. to Eat."* Discuss the program topic for the month. Before the picnic lunch Since the days of "groaning tables" is served pass around this menu, which are no more, do not expect each memdisplays some ancient features, but ber to bring a basket heavily laden which will provide a lively and stimu- with every variety of dainties. Instead lating half hour. of asking each member to prepare her own lunch have a committee prepare A CONSERVATION r,tENU a menu and assign to each member just one thing to prepare in whatever Food for Thought quantity it may be needed.

Missionary Ices Missions on a Roof Garden Crackers Dates "It's simply too hot for a missionary meeting," said the members. Assorted Nuts to Crack The president of the missionary so- Announce "Missionary Ices" and ciety bowed her head, silently acquieshave the story told of Hans Egede's cent. Then she looked around for the journey on his ship "The Hope," solution of the difficulty_ Calling on a among the icebergs that threatened his friend, she found it. The friend was life, or the story of work done by your delighted to furnish the solution, own missionaries in lands of ice and which was her lovely roof-garden. Insnow. Appropriate for a July menu stead of being urged to come to the are large fire-crackers made from red church to the August meeting of the paper or cardboard. W rite on a slip missionary society in the broiling sun of paper a striking missionary fact. of 3 :30 p. m., the members were in- Roll the paper and fasten it to a string vited to a roof-garden missionary which hangs out at the end, fire-crack- meeting in the cooling shadows of 7 p. m. That roof-garden was a dream. • May be secured from the Editor by The waving of the delicately fronded sending addressed stamped envelope. plants cooled one with the assurance that a breeze really was stirring. Green vines, climbing up white pillars, rested the eye. The occasional tinkle of ice somewhe,re in the background behind the ferns sounded an assuring fore- cast. The program was given as com- pletely and much more effectively than It would have been in the church, and,

BEST METHODS

instead of feeling tired when the meet- the things about which we had been ing was over, the members felt that studying that day. At the dose of the they had had a taste of vacation joys. sixth chapter course we had a joint The serving of cooling refreshments meeting at the parsonage. Memory gave opportunity for the social con- verses were reviewed, two excellent tacts which mean so much in any papers were read, and each woman society. gave some of the impressions she had received during the course. It was Rural Mission Study Groups by far the best meeting we have had at any time. In many rural communities summer days are the best days for mission "Of course we had discouragements study. Many of the winter plans of -the book chosen was rather toodifcity classes are easily adapted to sum- ficult; bad weather meant postponed mer plans for the rural churches, bet- meetings or poor attendance, and there ter roads and better weather contribu- was some criticism. But in the main ting to their successful operation. Last the results were encouraging. Instead of only the five or six women who had year, Mrs. W. J. Adair, the busy been attending the missionary meet- ings, we had twenty-five women) sevwife of a pastor in Coal Valley eral outside of the congregation tak- Illinois, successfully enlisted the wom- ing an active part in the studies and en of her congregation in mission showing an added interest in the cause study by the following plan, which of world missions. Two of the groups offers practical and successfully tried made definite arrangements for similar suggestions to workers in rural meetings the coming year. churches: "It was hard work, but we believe "Wishing to reach all the women, it was a beginning of better things I divided the community into four sec- along missionary lines among the tions-natural neighborhood groups as women of the community." far as possible. From each of these I chose an assistant and explained to Another Vacation Suggestion her my plan. She had the first meeting in her home and invited all the One of the outstandingly fine pieces women of her neighborhood. At this of SUmmer mission study work has meeting I distributed some of the been that accomplished by Dr. W. D. books I had on hand, gave a brief out- Weatherford, who each summer leads line of the book, and showed some of the dining-room and dormitory force the maps and charts to be used. Then at Blue Ridge, N. C, composed of colthose who wished to try the study de- lege boys and girls, in courses of miscided how often they would meet, at sion study. Beyond all human power whose home, etc. The meetings were to estimate has been his influence and usually held every two weeks. I did the influence of his classes on these this in each of the four groups, making young people, many of whom have sure that the different meetings should gone into definite missionary service. not 'conflict, for it seemed necessary that I should be the teacher in them all. Vacation Opportunities for Service "The meetings were in general con- In Camp.-A jolly group of young ducted by the question and answer people were camping in the Virginia method, although to make the study mountains in the exhilaration of sevmore interesting and worth while, we eral thousand feet above sea level. No one entered more heartily into the resorted to the maps and charts. The sports and fun than did their whitefirst fifteen minutes were given to haired "sky pilot," who was' the mer- riest of the merry. Toward the end Bible study. I had the women select of the week, to the surprise of the Bible verses that were appropriate to rest of the party, he posted his "Church Notices" and made his announcements. the text, and some of. these we memor- ized. At the dose of each day's study we had a season of definite prayer for

On a post by the roadside he an- since that day met the opportunity nounced "Preaching Here on Sunday that came.

at 3 o'clock." Not only were the On an Uncrowded Platform members of the camp family invited, Why do lecturers crowd each other but they were urged to invite their on overcrowded platforms? Why do they seek only those centers in which neighbors. Now, the campers had lec~ure-wearied audiences fastidiously welgh them on the balances of their neyer so much as asked, "Who is my predecessors? When the thermometer nelghbor ?" They began to look was soaring one summer, a Mission Board Secretary likewise soared into around. Not a human habitation was the Alleghanies. With him went his s~ereopticon. His host ~as the aggresin sight. A wagon drawn by oxen sive County Supermtendent of Schools. The magazines had been ca.J?e down the mountain road. The featuring his work in providing tent schools with night sessions for the dnver was held up, told about the men and women of the mountains who could neither read nor write and who service and invited to come and to had never had a chance to learn. ~here was no doubt about his aggresbring all his family and friends. As Slveness. He proposed to the Secre- ta~y that they should ascend the a woman wearing a calico dress and helghts of the Alleghanies and give a stereopticon lecture on the top of the a sunbonnet climbed the mountain mountain. Here was a lecture plat- form from which no man had ever path a member of the party greeted spoken before. Here was an audience her courteously and invited her to that had never heard a missionary ad- dress nor seen. a ~issionary picture. come to the service at the camp on Up the mountam Slde they drove in a h~ck mile aft~r mile. Higher and Sunday. T~e young folks began to be higher they chmbed until they came to an open amphitheatre on the mounvery much lllterested in their neigh- tain side. The screen was fastened to two trees. There was no limit to bor.s and waited with eagerness the the seating capacity. The floor was inclined sufficiently that no "Please rearnval of the congregation. On Sun- move hats" was necessary. The stage scenery was of a perfection that would day every available camp chair and h~ve made a New York manager wild Wlth envy, and the audience-! Oh board was called into requisition for the unwearied, glowing eagerness of that audience! No comparisons with pew service in the temple of the moun- former lectures here, no surreptitious tain side, but the campers were en- glances at watches. For the first time in their lives most of those who were tirely unprepared for the host which present saw beyond the mountains greeted them. The mountains opened which had hemmed them in: saw the up their fastnesses and mHyen~nws owmeerne and child:en poured out.

sung, scnpture was read, prayer was offered and then the minister told the old, old story of Jesus and His love.

The young folks had felt that their congregation was almost a joke when they first began to search for it but as they sat with these simple highiand- ers and saw them listening to a mes- sag~ from their common Father they reahzed that here, only a few miles from their college town, boasted cen- ter of learning and culture were brothers of theirs-heirs of the same inheritance, children of the same Fa- ther–:whonever heard the message of salvatIon, and a solemn stillness filled their hearts. Children were there who had never been in a religious service of any kind before. In that camping party were young people who had far distant lands and heard the call of thought that an ocean voyage must the world. preface ~issionary service, who saw There yet remain many platforms opportumty that day come close to to be discovered by hot weather ex- their own back door, and who have plorers.

Missionary Vespers at a Summer Resort room and the dormitories while they A delegate went from one of the were off duty.

summer conferences to a popular sum- The Community Missionary Sing mer resort. When twiligh~ came she Place. The shaded piazza and steps sat longing for the accustomed vesper of some building or a pavilion. service which had meant so much to Time. Sunday afternoon, or just her. Here about her were tourists and before sunset on week days. vacationists from many places. Every Leaders. The best missionary leadone seemed on rest or pleasure bent er to be had in charge of the program; and no one seemed to care about the the leader of the community singing great things which had'held first place in charge of the music; missionaries at the conference. Oh that they might and other speakers who can be secured attend such vesper services as she had to tell stories and incidents of misbeen attending for the past ten days! sionary work. She looked at the broad piazza with Modus Operandi. Notices in papers its fine outlook to the mountains and. and church bulletins. Posters in pubthe sky above. Then she went to the lic places. No one urged to attend, hostess and proposed that they hold a Free and informal, and planned vesper service right there. To her especiaJly for the people who want great. joy she f?und that so~e ?f the somewhere to go, out in the open, and guests were mterested mlsslOnary not for tired leaders who dread the workers, That gave her a nucleus. announcement of another meeting. Other guests became interested. As Hearty singing of inspiring missionary they gathered on the piazza and be&,an hymns, accompanied by orchestra if to sing the old hymns as day was dymg possible. Interesting stories told by in the west, others joined them, one by missionaries and workers. Presentaone. ANew York business man who tion of missionary exercises, pageants had not heard those hymns for years and plays. added strong bass notes to the melody. A bride and groom joined the party. A MISSION KNITTING BEE AND A number of young folks came in, and, HOW IT BUZZED by the time the song service was ended, the peace of that evening hour had By Miss Carrie Lee Campbell, Richmond, Va.

filled the hearts of those who looked How It Started. Women of like out on the majestic mountains facing mind agreed as touching this one thing and prayed; and then gave $10.00 for them. Then the delegate told simply the purchase of books, scrap-book, and and interestingly some of the stories of pictures of missionaries. missionary heroism and achievement she had learned at the conference. In the church calendar this novel Mission Study Class was announced- Everyone was interested and the dele- the subject, Africa; and the minister gate went on her way with her eyes emphasized it; they wrote sixty it.Iv.itaopened to a new hot weather method tions, and later 'phoned each reCIpIent for missions. to bring a friend of another denomina- Foreign Missions at Home tion, as the class would be "worth while." None of the other folks at the conference had thought much about them The home of an elect lady was of- -the negro servants on the summer fered for the meetings, the course was conference grounds-but a little mis- promised "short and alive,"-only four sionary from Africa did. While we meetings,-and the admission of knitwere singing lustily of ~'Afric's sunny ting gave the timid woman a sense of protection and at-horne-ness; and a fountains" she slipped off to conduct promise of "no questions" cast out a missionary service for the negro fear.

servants from the kitchen, the dining- And so they came.

H ow Carried On. Four meetings; can progress read by the thirty mem- varied programs, open and closed with bers of the class.

prayer and by the clock; note books for The minister by request preached on striking facts; maps and charts, and missions; and on leaving the church the scrap-book, were the things that everyone was given the folder, "A helped. Soldier's View of Foreign Missions."

A map-talk located outstanding feat- Envelopes for a special offering were ures of Africa; the nations in control, sent out in a larger envelope bearing (placing the flags); the different re- this message, printed on the outside: ligions, with special reference to the "That little missionary army needs present Mohammedan "Drive." Our your help; if you can't go across, come own missions were placed, and an across."

imaginary trip taken into the interior And there is no surprise in the news by train, boat, hammock and foot. that the offering met nearly the whole African curios vitalized one meeting, support of a missionary.

especially costumes, from the chief's Getting Ready for the Fall Campaign voluminous skirt to the child's one string of beads; and an African vil- Not always will the thermometer lage, made by directions from the Mis- soar. Fall days are coming and wise sionary Education Movement, helped leaders are laying in their stock of the understanding. Letters fresh from methods for the fall campaign. The our missionaries in Africa were re- following splendid suggestion of an ceived and answered. Acquaintanceship Drive, sent by Miss Elizabeth Northrup, who has actually Probably the livest feature was the tested it, is good stock for fall use: "floating scrap-book," separate blank leaves of which were distributed at the An Acquaintanceship Drive first meeting. When these dry bones came together they were breathing the How can new members be secured in life of colored post cards, pictures of missionaries, maps, charts, poems, a church in which only a small proprayers and pronouncements of great minds who thought and prayed for portion of the women belong to the Africa; the first page appropriately missionary society? This was the given to the founder of our mission. problem faced by a certain board of And such books! "an embarrass- managers. . ment of riches" ; several copies each of "We cannot expect them to come Mary Slessor, "White Queen of Oko- to us when they are not interested. We yong," Jean Mackenzie's entrancing must go after them," said Miss Busitriplets, "Black Sheep," "An African ness-Woman.

"But how can we make an interest- ing appeal when everybody is killed with money appeals now?" questioned Mrs; Doubting-Thomas.

Trail," "African Adventurers"; Dr. "We might have some sort of a Patton's scholarly "Lure of Africa"; 'drive' and do it all up in a week; two denominational books by our mis- that seems to be the up-to-date meth- od," suggested a Red Cross collector. sionaries; statistical slip, and storied Thus it was that the Acquaintanceleaflet; missionary magazines; a live library circulating briskly, and often ship Drive was launched. A young doubly or trebly read in one week. art student contributed a poster which, with consummate guile, omitted any And on the last day there were some mention of missions, since some bequestions, a sort of mild examination, lated women still cherish back-number typewritten, with spaces for answers, prejudices on this point.. The poster that there might be written down the daring deeds of devoted doers. represented a lady receiving with out- How It Ended. The record showed stretched hand a caller at her door, while a kitten, peeping around her 18,000 good missionary pages of Afri- skirts, gave the final touch of welcome. Above were the words, "Acquaintance- week for a basket supper, bringing ship Drive" and the dates, and beneath, with them their reports.

"Keep your latch-string out." The Did it work? Indeed it worked, as church calendar printed an announce- any well-planned and well-prayed-for ment that during the coming week . and well-executed scheme will work.

every woman in the church would be The assets were varied and interesting.

called upon by certain ladies for the For one thing there was good team friendly purpose of making her ac- work and the joy of results. In some quaintance and also of acquainting her instances the callers merely listened with certain aspects of church activity. sympathetically to a recital of troubles.

A list was secured from the pastor In others there was vigorous discus- and the names were divided territori- sion of the merits of the question. In ally and assigned to the members. It some places gifts of money were re- was interesting to see how the idea ceived, in others magazine subscrip- expanded into simple Christian fellow- tions, and many mite boxes were ship, as indicated by such remarks as, placed and listed. A fair number "That woman will not join, but she joined as active members, several hon- ought to be called on just to show that orary members were secured, and we are interested in her." Vhen the there was a long list of extension names were assigned each member was members. This last item made it nec- essary to appoint an extension secregiven for her own heartening that tary to take care of members who wonderfully persuasive consecration could not attend meetings, and the leaflet used by so many boards, "The story of her methods of cultivation de- Woman Who Gave Herself." She was serves 500 words all to itself. also armed with mite boxes, pledge cards, sample copies of the missionary The formula is: A perfectly simple magazine, and two leaflets-one an plan given a novel setting and backed appeal and the other setting forth up by determination, skilIful planning, earnest prayer and unselfish devotion facts. Then they started, two by two, to a great cause. It is warranted to agreeing to meet at the end of the bring results.

"He Is Counting on Yo~"

"He is counting on you," "He is counting on you," On your silver and gold, On life, money and prayer: On that treasure you hold; And "the day shall declare" On that treasure still kept, If you let Him have all Though the doubt o'er you swept. In response to His call; "Is this gold not all mine? Or if He in that day (Lord, I knew it was thine)" To your sorrow must say He is counting on you, "I have counted .on you, If you fail Him-What then? Bqt you failed me,"-What then?

"He is counting on you," "He is counting on you," On a love that will share Oh! the wonder and grace, In His burden of prayer, To look Christ in the face For the soul He has bought And not be ashamed. With His life-blood: and sought For you gave what He claimed, Through His sorrow and pain And you laid down your all To win "Home" once agaip. For His sake,-At His call, He is counting on you, He had counted on you If you fail Him-What then? And you failed not. What then?

-Selected.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

WAR WORK OF PROTESTANT Christmas time, books, magazines, and WOMEN always the cheering letter so welcome THE question, "What are we do- to the exile. Often the family of the ing for our boys?" has been "adopted" soldier received special at- tention in tokens of friendliness asked so often that it is timely through a call or a card to "set the to attempt' a somewhat adequate heart at ease" and brighten cheerless answer. To be sure, it will be days-a beautiful missionary service. impossible to sum up all the re- In the training camp and cantonment sponses that have met the country's the other group found its opportunity call, for their expression is as varied to greet the homesick lads. Sometimes as the myriad blossoms of spring, and the siFlgle local church, sometimes the each a joy to the eye, a benediction churches of a community through fedto the heart. But the answers as found erated activity, provided a working by the leaders of the Christian women committee of women who planned the of every denomination disclose a entertainment for the leisure hour, arthrilling panorama of enterprise, a ranged church suppers and picnics, living proof that the spirit of Him mending bees to care for the soldiers' "who went about doing good" is to- clothes (the first weeks of training day regnant in His handmaidens, that prove strenuous to the placcid muscles, the inspiration that results from a and a woman's helping hand is welcomprehensive survey of what is being come), visits to the sick and flowers, if perchance one must be sent to the hosdone must not be withheld from our pital, then the letter also for the hands American Christian women.

"What Are We Doing?" that cannot write to the loved ones at First of all, the troops mobilizing home. . Did the boys attend church out from home circles all unprepared service, none was suffered to leave for wars and rumors of wars stirred without an invitation to dinner in mightily two great groups of women- some of the homes. Such reports as the one left behind with all the poig- this come from churches of every denancy of heart hunger, the other await- nomination, and' may be multiplied ining their arrival at training camp and definitely. cantonment. Immediately two groups of ideas became active, expressive on In addition each denomination has the one hand of love and yearning and assumed a task uniting all of its women on the other of sympathy and a desire in a concrete effort to hearten the men to compensate in a measure for the representing it at the front by the conloss of home and loved ones. What sciousness of loyal support and faithmore natural than that the mother ful affection of the. church at home. writing to her son should see with new In general, the war work in each deeyes the boy who had few, perhaps no nomination is planned by a National Service Commission so as to secure in- friends to write to him. The "Big telligent cooperation. Part of the funds Sister" group began in many a church, of the commission are placed at the each "sister" pledging herself to write disposal of the Women's Board or frequent letters to a soldier boy as- Boards, as the exigency requires.

sig-ned to her in addition to her own. Disciples of Christ This easily expanded into occasional supplements containing home-made The Christian Church has just con- jellies, candies, cakes, etc., a box at summated the union of its Home and Foreign Mission Boards including its Lutherans Women's Board of Missions. A fund The Lutheran Church takes front of a million dollars has been raised to rank in caring for the comfort of her provide camp pastors and to men. The war fund of $1,500,000 is strengthen the churches outside the fully drawn on by the Women's Comcantonments. mittee to purchase yarn for the knit- ting of soldiers' comfort outfits. The Congregationalists yarn is supplied free of charge to the The National Council of the Congre- , women of the churches, that each sol- dier as he goes to camp may have a gational Churches voted $100,000 for complete set of knitted comforts. the work of the Nationar Service Com- mission. This unites both the general Baptists , and women's boards in a heroic effort Both the women's Baptist mission to minister to the one hundred thous- societies are doing splendid work.

and Negro soldiers in the cantonments The Home Mission Society recently of the South and to reenforce the appointed a woman to make a survey churches adjacent to training camps. of middle-western camps, at Leaven- worth, Manhattan and Junction City, Reformed Church in America Kansas, and at Rockford, Ill., to study The Reformed .Church has found the social conditions surrounding the most of its men in Camps Upton. camps, 'as they affected girls and N. y';'Dix, Merritt and Raritan, New women and to report upon the advis- Jersey, and in the camps near Chicago. ability of the Board's sending a The work is therefore concentrated in woman worker to each place to do those strategic points, the churches in protective work. At present two are the East providing the funds for the under appointment to "help the church nearby camps, with Chicago defraying carry out its social program, do per- sonal work among girls who need a the expense. in the West. "In the big sister, and find a service for Bap- churches near the camps women aid in tist women who are coming into these the establishment of recreation social towns to be with their men as long centers, and provide the atmosphere of as possible,"

a Christian home with the attendant Methodists ministries of those who stand in the One of the most outstanding proplace of mother." grams of war service of the Women's Friends mission boards is that of the Women's War. Council of the Methodist Epis- The beautiful task of clothing the copal Church, composed of three refugees of France and Belgium has members from the Woman's Home been committed to the Society of Missionary Society, three from the Friends by special arrangement with Woman's Foreign Missionary Society the Red Cross. The garments are and, three from the church at large. fashioned under the direction of the Patterns and directions for making Central Committee at Philadelphia, garments were sent to the young pe'o'- and distributed in France by the men pIe's societies last December, and by sent to erect new homes for those who April 1st a quantity of garments val- lost their all in the devastation of the ued at $1,325 had been collected. The valleys of the Marne and the Somme. Council has appropriated $10,000 for It was in these houses supplied by the work in the camps, the sum to be ad- Friends that the Smith College unit ministered through the Woman's cooperated toward restoring home ties Home Missionary Society. At Camp and pleasures for the woe-stricken Custer, the Council is maintaining a French women and girls. Travelers' Aid deaconess ready

to assist the young wife, sister or terian women from any part of the friend of the soldier to find comfort- country who may come to New York able lodging for herself and a favor- and who may wish to be met and put able opportunity for meeting her in touch with the boys of their family soldier, in short, to be the friend in either in camps adjacent to New York need to the strange women in strange or in hospitals." surroundings. Episcopalian An important phase of the Council's work is caring for war orphans, the Episcopal women also are lavishing work being carried out through the every possible care upon the soldiers Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. refreshed and encouraged in the For this purpose $45,000 has been ap- houses provided by the $500,000 fund propriated, of which $30,000 will be of the church. used for building an orphanage in France and $5,000 each for the care The South of the orphans of France, Italy and North Africa. Two women have been Possibly the first to be organized for sent to France to assist in this work. Christian war service were the The Council is also. promoting patri- churches of the South. Located near otic mass meetings in the churches, numerous great cantonments, they furnishing suggestions for a program were quick to respond with a flood of and a synopsis of a patriotic pageant. sympathy and helpful cheer, the first to send the call for the new service. Presbyterian No summons could be more eloquent than the "Call to Southern Presbyte- The Presbyterian boards are also rian Women" by Mrs. W. C. Winsbordoing excellent work. The Home ough, no message more reassuring to Board is urging food conservation and the mother of North and East and issues a leaflet showing how food con- West than its detailed record of what servation is practised in their schools. even before the end of last year was being done by all the churches of the The Woman's Foreign Missionary Southland to "cultivate the grace of Society of the Presbyterian Church hospitality" in gracious ministry to the has released its Field Secretary to strangers thrust upon them in such take the place on the Assembly Board overwhelming numbers. To all the of a man who has gone to Palestine Christian denominations in the South with the Red Cross, and for reasons the mothers of our country are everof patriotic economy gave up their lastingly indebted!. Biennial Assembly. They are cooperating with the National Service Last year the deaconesses and home Commision in printing and promoting missionaries of the Woman's Departthe use of the Intercessory Prayer ment of the Board of Missions of the Card, and have raised a War Emer- Methodist Episcopal Church South gency Fund of $37,545 to cover the offered their services to the governdepreciation of money values in for- ment for assignment to works of eign lands. mercy and social service. Their offer was accepted and several have been With keen .insight and characteris- appointed to protect girls in the vicintic care, Presbyterian women are urged ity of the camps and cantonments. to safeguard the Sabbath day, to redouble efforts on behalf of conditions Several large social settlements promoting child welfare, and to pro- conducted by the Home Department mote so far as possible attendance at of the Board of Missions have found Bible school and church services. They their place on the war program of too bear upon their hearts the appeal the nation and are being used not only of the timid traveler to army camps. for Red Cross work and other forms A camp visitors' committee has been of relief, but also as community trainformed to arrange "to meet Presby- ing centers for war work.

WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

A National Women's Prayer Battalion Mormon Church. The Bible was bound in soft leather and printed on The supreme ministry is crystal- India .paper. The .title page of the lized in a union of prayer. copy 111 my possession bears the im- "The shortest way to France," said print of the Cambridge University a o-reat Christian leader from that couOntry, "is by way of the throne of Press and of James Pott & Company God." American mothers have foun.d that way; and from the need of their ?f .New York. There is nothing to anguished hearts was born under the leadership of Rev. Eva Ryerson Lud- 111dlcah~ that it ?~:ffers in any way from gate the National Women's Prayer the ~rdl11ary edItIOn of the King James Battalion. Its members are classed as active if they have near relati.ves verslOn.* The Ready References conin the service. Others are assOciate S!st largely of Scripture, but the quotamembers. A simple covenant pledges hons. are used to support Mormon daily prayers for "Our country, and teachll1gs and are supplemented by for the sailors, soldiers, doctors and Mormon interpretations. One who nurses who are fighting for us at did not understand the significance of home and abroad," and every poss~ble endeavor to ,promote their physical the term "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints" and who was and spiritual well-being. ignorant of Mormonism could easily Much more might be said of the be led astray and be caught in the net thus skilfully laid for him. powerful uplift given by ~uch ge,ne.ral The use by the Mormon Church of agencies as the Women s Chnstlan Temperance Union, th~. Young' t~e daily press for setting forth its Women's Christian AssoclatlOn and the Salvation Army lassies whose history and teaching is attracting wide heroic service in the hutment" takes them into the front line wateteenktiionn~. Space daisilyboinuO~'ahtnyonocfethae trenches. Such work, however, is fa- .leading miliar to all readers of the secular as well as the religious press. Enough largest CItIes of the country, extending has been gathered to show that Protestant women have recognized the from Boston to San Francisco. The magnitude of the new task and are ar-tides are written by James E. Talbringing to its accomplishment all the powers at their command. madge, well known as a doctrinal RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN writer of the Mormon Church and a MORMONISM. member of the Council of the Twelve.

By Mrs. George W. Coleman. In them the doctrines of Mormonism THREE recent developments 111 are shown to be in accord with the .Mormonism challenge especial at- wo;ld happe~ings of to-day and each artIcle supplJes addresses from which tentton. further information in regard to the. For many years the Cambridge Uni- teachings and literature of the Church versity Press and for five years the Oxford University Press published an of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints edition of the Bible which contains be- may be obtained. Here ag-ain is found tween the Old and New Testaments an insidious danger cleve~ly concealed. one hundred and twelve pages of "Ready References" provided by the The Mormon Church has never de- nied its belief in the divine origin of polygamy and has never hesitated to affirm that the day would yet come when its divine nature would be rec- ognized by the world and when its practice would be sanctioned. That day it believes has now come, and, as proving its position, it points to the need of polygamy as a means of mak- ing good the losses incurred by the na- tions involved in the great war.

*The printing has now been discontinued by the Oxford and Cambridge Presses.

News Of War

DR.A NEW Y. M. C. A. DRIVE have been called for, most of them JOHN R. MOTT, who return- actually purchased by soldiers. No ed in May from his visit to the studies are so attractive to the men battle fronts in France and Italy, has of the new army as those which relate announced a drive for 4,000 new Y. to the life and teachings of our Lord.

M. C. A. workers to meet the increas- GOSPELS IN CAMPS AND ing need in Europe due to the arrival of large American forces there. Eight THE HOSPITALS hundred of these workers must be American Branch of the women and they are all needed before Scripture Gift Mission has com- October 18. Plans are also being care- pleted a year of work along the lines fully made for a Y. M. C. A. drive in made familiar by the Society in Eng- the Fall for $100,000,000 to meet the land. Over 70,000 copies of Testa- tremendous needs of the work in ments, gospels and Scripture portions Europe and in industrial centers in have been distributed, 36,000 of these America. being Testaments containing Presi- THESOLDIERS AND THE BIBLE dent Wilson's message on reading the Bible. A distributor in the :Ear West following "Six-Point Pro- writes: gram of Bible Study" is being HI have placed over 3,000 copies of carried out with marked success in Scripture in the hands of am men; most . of the great training camps and have their promise to read it under the auspices of the Religious daily. Sometimes I am allowed to Work Bureau of the National War conduct regimental services, some- Work Council of the Young Men's times I have services in the company Christian Association: mess halls, sometimes in the Y. M. C.

1. An organized Bible class in A. b'uildings, ocasionally a meeting every company, battery or squadron, in the guard house, and quite often in with a leader chosen from the ranks. the barracks and open air. God has 2. Small groups for the study of signally blessed this work. I never the soldiers' personal, moral and give a copy of the Testament without spiritual problems. telling a man its message of comfort, 3. Leaders for Bible classes dis- love and salvation; and getting his covered, enlisted, trained and di- promise to read it. The results have rected. been phenomenal. We have spent an 4. The development of a camp at- average of three days a week at this 'mosphere by addresses, personal in- service for about six months and have terviews, and discussions, which will had over 700 men accept Christ, a make the daily use of the Bible and personal Saviour from personal sin."

the organization of Bible classes a WORK OF CAMP PASTORS normal part of the training.

S. A Testament or prayer book UNDER the auspices of the Gener- carried and used by every soldier and al War Time Committee of the .

sailor. Churches, more than. fifty men spent 6. The wise and intelligent use of two days in Chicago in April consid- carefully selected religious literature, ering plans for greater efficiency in suited to the varied needs of soldiers the work of the churches near can- and sailors. tonments.

The Bureau reports that 400,000 Included in the meeting- were army copies of the four specially prepared chaplains, Young Men's Christian As- courses of Bible study in book form sociation secretaries, representatives Df variDus commissions, as well as the the War Work Council of the Y Dung camp pastors from camps in the Mid- Women's Christian AssDciation, is dle West. Three fields were indicated open at Camp Upton. This hDuse is in which the camp pastor is indispens- to' serve a dDuble purpose as training able: first strengthening the churches center for workers in the other in training-camp communities so that houses. they may the more effectively serve . Other houses fDr cDlored troDps are the enlisted men when off duty; sec- Dnd, following up the War Roll cards being built at Camp Dix, N. J.; Camp signed at the Y. M. C. A. meetings Jackson, S. c.; Camp Dodge, Ia.; and relating the signers to the churches; third, ministering to. the Camp Lee, Va.; Camp GordDn, Ga.; sick in the Army and Navy ho.spitals, Camp Sherman, Ohio, and Camp Funwhere the work is always too great to ston, Kansas. At Camp Funston army be dDne by Dne man. barracks are in temporary use until the house is opened. MORMON CHAPLAINS ASOLDIERS WHO ARE NEGLECTED BOTH Eastern and Vestern Mor- COMMITTEE on War-Time mons are urging their sDldier- Work of the Home Missions Council calls the attention of churches bDYS in the army to miss no chance to and of helpful people everywhere to spread Mormonism among their com- the needs of the smaller groups Df rades. Polygamist B. H. Roberts and men in many parts of the country. These needs are summarized as fola son of JDS. F. Smith, the head Utah lows: "The big cantonments are be- ing IDoked after, but the lesser camps, MormDns, have secured appointments such as small aviation camps and as "chaplains" and will do. their ut- groups of soldiers guarding bridges most to. help this Dn. Mormonism and property, are being neglected. made a leap ahead in the Civil War These little camps are often near because of the diverted attention; it cDuntry churches which could render is doing the same now. great service to' the lonely men. These men are not prDtected from tempta- TELEPHONE GIRLS IN FRANCE tions as are the men in big camps, and life for them is monotonous." WHEN the first grDup of Amer- ican women telephone opera- CLEANING UP NEWPORT tDrs arrived in Paris in March they THE effort to. "clean up" the city found awaiting them comfortable liv- of Newport, and to make it "safe ing quarters which had been made ready by the Young Women's Chris- for the boys" in the Navy Training tian Association. Miss Mary George Station, dates back to 1915, when a White, writing from Paris of this mass meeting of citizens was addresswork, says: "The Association accept- ed by naval officers and others. But ed gladly the responsibility offered it the active work has been carried on by the Army. Before the girls arriv- since December last, with ministers ed, the Signal Corps officer in charge in clDse co-operation with naval ofof the first group came with a request ficials. for help. It was easy for the telephone operators assigned to Paris to live at In May, 1917, the Ministers' Union the Hotel Petrograd, our Hostess had wired Washington asking for House there. ThDse assigned to the war time prohibition and intimating interior were cared for by secretaries that Newport, with its large number in certain other places. of enlisted men, needed such a meas- ure. Later the Union sent its own HOSTESSES FOR COLORED representative to. the capital to. ask Secretary Daniels to make the city TROOPS dry.

T HE first of the eight Hostess Houses fDr friends Df colored tro~ps, which have been authorized by

OF THE SEA But I have implicit confidence in

ultimate success of the Young Men's THawaii Now "Bone Dry" Christian Association in supplying im- HE United States Congress has portant elements fO!' meeting that passed the bill so long pending, need. Indeed, it will go far to aid for the prohibition of the liquor traffic the Filipino people in the upbuilding in Hawaii. The law is a bone-dry of their own country and in the gainmeasure, and will be enforced by the ing of a national status among other federal authorities. The forces in op- nations. position were strongly entrenched, and many obstacles blocked the path- "The enthusiasm and solemnity disway. This greatly needed legislation played by the entire community of will prove a boon to the "Paradise of Manila on the inauguration in 1915 of the Pacific." There is a much better the two Association buildings are outlook for religious life and mission- proof of the people's appreciation and ary work since this new provision for belief that the Association will render Hawaii. them great service. The large, con- tinuous increase in membership is also TProtestants Welcome in Philippines evidence of the firmly growing in- HE president of the Philippine terest of the Filipino young men in Senate, speaking to Protestant the Association. Within a year's time missionaries, said: "I suppose that I after the opening, the two structures am a Roman Catholic; my mother had proved inadequate to meet the needs me baptised one and because she was and it was found necessary to cona good woman I have never left the struct an additional building." Church, but I am prejudiced in your favor, because it is true that Protes- Filipino Christians Suffer tant Churches make better men and women than does the Roman Church." T HE fact that the Philippine Is- lands are under the United States The Y. M. C. A. in the Philippines Government does not prevent the Protestant converts in some places H ON. THEODORE YANGCO, from having to suffer for their faith. Resident Commissioner of the An American missionary says: Philippines at Washington, pays the following striking tribute in F oreic!!;n "Persecutions there always are in Mail to' the work of the Y. M. C. A.: BohoI. There have been illegal im- prisDnment of Protestants and a rath- "America's material contribution to er futile attempt to boycott the disthe Filipino people is unparalleled in pensary. In one town the Christians the history of countries controlled by have had their carabaos killed; the outside agencies. The high-grade roof of their storehouse set on fire; rDads nDW crossing the length and the house of their elder burned to hreadth of the archipelago, the bridges the ground, with the loss of all his spanning brooks and rivers, the re- goods; a cockpit built near their markable advance made in education, chapel; and lawsuits brought against the equally successful work in sanita- members to take away their land. It tion and public health stand as tangi- was near here that they forced a Protble poofs of America's achievements estant to eat shoe polish on Good Friin her administration of the Philip- day, to prove that he was not carrying pines. However, of her spiritual con- poison for wells. tribution-important as that has been, and is-so much cannot yet be said. "In another town, Ragay, opposition and persecution which were very bit- ter at first have gradually lessened,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and there is a group of believers which "Youngstown, Ohio, has organized has grown up around one Christian a federation and will have an execufamily settled there. tive secretary, June 1st. Akron, Ohio, is completing the mobilization of the NORTH AMERICA churches. The new St. Paul Federa- tion conduded its financial campaign, Bible a Required Subject April 22 to 29. Johnstown, Pa., re- vived its federation and has had a T HE decision of Columbia U niver- secretary for six months. Omaha, sity to make knowledge of the Nebraska, has completed plans for se- curing funds to carryon the work un- Bible a requirement for admission is a der executive leadership. There are significant sign of the times. The ac- now about thirty federations having tion was taken upon recommendation salaried secretaries. made by a committee representing Biblical instructors in American col- "The most serious problem of the leges and secondary schools. The Commission on Inter-Church Federacourse will include Old and New Tes- tions of the Federal Council is the tament history and the life of Christ. obtaining of these secretaries. Judg- The wonderful revival in Bible study ing from the reports received from that has come out of the war is turn- chaplains and ministers in Y. M. C. A. ing the attention of educational insti- work there will be many earnest, captutions to the Bible in a remarkable able men who at the close of the war way. But more than this, the world will give their lives to this program of is coming to see that the awful catas- practical and immediately possible trophe which is devastating the world Christian unity." is the outcome of the materialism that has pushed the Bible aside and tried The Work of a Great Church to furnish a civilization without its guidance. THE Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the Tracts in Many Tongues U. S. A. reports an increase of income THE American Tract Society h~s over last year. The receipts from all published the gospel message 111 sources for the year ending April 1, 1918 were $2,779,519, of which 178 languages and dialects, and the amount $850,163 was contributed on grand total of all its publications is- the field from native sources for sued from the home office has reached church, evangelistic, educational and 800,711,975 copies, of which 35,566,- medical expenses. The work of the 965 are volumes, 301,479,168 periodi- Board includes 166 stations and 3,598 cals and 463,665,842 tracts. out-stations with 1,366 American mis- sionaries and 6,870 native helpers. The missionary colporters of the There are 172,335 communicants and Tract Society have made a total of 499,735 catechumens and adherents in 18,958,862 family visits, have distri- 4.267 churches and groups, many of buted 17,487,750 volumes and held them in charge of native pastors. 602,803 religious meetings. Other activities are: The care of Church Federation Increasing 704,714 patients in 175 hospitals and dispensaries, 116 American mission- REV. ROY B. GUILD, of the Fed- ary physicians and 34 trained nurses eral Council of Churches, feels in charge, and a number of native phy- sicians and nurses trained in the medthat the War is markedly promoting ical colleges and training schools oper- Christian unity. He says: ated in whole or in part by the Board; the teaching of 77,668 pupils in 2,062 "The determination of the churches secular schools of all grades from the in large cities to deal effectively and kindergarten to the university; Bible unitedly with community problems which have been made more serious by the war has resulted in the rapid advance in the church federation movement.

instruction in Sunday-schools to 252,- New Brunswick," now engaged in 468 pupils, and eleven printing making a complete census. Its slogan presses which last year turned out 95,- is that of "Americanization of the 740,420 pages. Foreigners" through night-schools for the teaching of English, illustrated A Good Year for Southern Baptists lectures, concerts, social centres, etc. The census when completed will THE Foreign Mission Board of the prove of value to the religious forces. Southern Baptist Convention has The Y. M. C. A. dedicated its new just closed the greatest year in its building on April 4th, and the Secrehistory. For the first time in seventy- tary is planning a conference of minthree years the people have contribu- isters, leading laymen and represented over $1,000,000 to the work. tative laborers from the various plants who will attempt to formulate The receipts of the Board are for a workable program. Current Support and the Judson Centennial, the latter being a special fund TA Protestant Movement Among Poles of a million and a quarter dollars for HERE is a vigorous movement in equipment on the mission fields. More America among the Polish people than $900,000 of the latter has already to break away from the Church of been paid in cash. Receipts for this Rome. It began about thirty years ago fund last year amounted to $153,265.- in Detroit, Michigan, when the mem- 69. The receipts for the current sup- bers of various parishes in and about port amounted to $852,923.73. This Detroit began to feel that the property was a gain over the previous year for of the church ought to belong to the current support of $294,362.26. people instead of to the bishops.

About eighteen new missionaries A little later the movement assumed were appointed at the annual meeting more of a doctrinal aspect in Scranof the Mission Board. ton, when a Bishop Hodur, awoke to the realization that the people of his The convention set the figures for parish ought to read the Bible. He becurrent support at one million and a gan by reading several chapters at a half dollars for the present year. time in the Sunday church services, and said to his people: "This is the Foreign Problem in New Brunswick Word of God; and the teaching of our Church you know. Read the Bi- NEW BRUNSWICK, New Jersey, ble for yourselves and think." Seven with a normal popUlation of months afterwards 3,000 men and women were ready to say good-bye to about 25,000, has increased approxi- the Papacy, and they did. The Word mately 40 per cent. within the past of God brought illumination and contwo years, and of its total population viction and the desire for freedom. something like 50 per cent., or 17,000, This national movement is especially it is estimated, are foreigners. This strong in Chicopee, Massachusetts, rapid growth is due to the establish- and the adjoining towns, where there ment of plants engaged in the produc- are over 10,000 Poles. Protestants of tion of war material-munitions, air- the town are carrying on evangelistic planes, auto trucks, surgical dressings, work among them. etc. Some seventy-five industrial plants are listed, employing anywhere A U~ique Gospel Team from a dozen to upwards of 3,000 workers. Two plants engaged almost FAIRFIELD, Iowa, has a Gospel exclusively in government war work Team composed entirely of layhave about 5,000 on their pay rolls. At Milltown, adjoining, a tire com- men—'-twenty-four in all-merchants, pany has over 1,000 men in its plant. blacksmith, traveling men, editor, contractor, member of legislature, etc., Housing conditions are very bad, and the moral situation is threatening. Among the reform forces already at work is the "Patriotic Force of

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who go to the smaller cities of Iowa the army chaplains to enter missionand neighboring states on evangelistic ary work at the close of the war. campaigns. These campaigns last as The reasons for this decision are said long as three weeks at a time, and ac- to include the following: . The chapcomplish a great deal in rural evan- lains have been selected with great gelization. care and are high-grade men. There is, also, much similarity between the AResult of Dry Mondays in Boston chaplain's work and the mission work STRIKING argument for pro- on most fields, and it is probable that hibition is found in the effect of a successful chaplain would fit well one saloonless day a week caused by as a missionary. Another large adthe fuel famine in licensed Boston: vantage is that these men will be rec- ognized as men who have left all and The arrests for drunkenness on J anu- followed their Master into danger of ary 14th, the last Monday with open disease and death, that they might bars and saloons, was 129. On Janu- help Him to save His world. This will ary 28th, a saloonless Monday, the give them an influence on the field number of arrests for drunkenness that a civilian minister would need to dropped to 19, on February 4th to 7, gain in some other way. Then, too, on February 11th to one lone drunken these men will have been abroad and man in the dock, and on February will be more willing to leave their 18th there was not a single arrest, a homeland, relatives and friends, esrecord unprecedented in the history of pecially as they gave up their pastorthe courts. The effect of liquor as a ate when they entered the army. Such cause of other crimes is also striking- a wise move may be followed by ly shown by the fact that, while on other boards. January 14th, the last wet Monday, the total number of arrests for all MNew Attack on Polygamy crimes was 211, the fourth dry Mon- ANY reports are coming in of day showed only 60 arrests, a de- the great increase of Mormon crease of more than seventy per cent. propaganda in these war days. Most people are too busy thinking of other IShortage of Ministers things to realize the great peril in- T is said that the enrolment of stu- volved, but Senator Myers has rendents in theological seminaries in dered a public service in introducing into the Senate on April 5th a resolu- America for the present academic tion providing for an anti-polygamy amendment to the Constitution of the year has been cut forty to fifty per United States. When Utah was ad- mitted into the Union in 1896 by the cent., on account of the Var. In- proclamation of President Grover Cleveland it was on the condition that stead of the 4,500 young men who polygamy and all polygamous prac- tices would cease. Utah gave her solusually enter Protestant seminaries emn word and covenant that this would be done. But Utah has failed each year, this year's number will to keep her promise. She never in- tended to, for she was and is still not exceed 2,500, and may not even dominated by the Mormon Church. The one outstanding fundamental in reach that figure. UnepewdeadrdbsyofPr4~t0e0s0­ the belief of that church is polygamy. new ministers are Mormonism is indeed a system of tant churches annually, to repair the slavery for woman. Her married life is full of jealousy, bitterness, disaplosses caused by death and to provide pointment and hardship. She is the for legitimate growth. So many pas- tors and ministerial students have gone to the War, that hundreds of churches are pastorless, with little chance of being supplied, and the shortage bids fair to increase.

TMissionary Ex-Chaplains HE foreign missionary board of one of the large denominations is definitely planning to ask many of

slave of her husband and an object great reverence, although at first they of jealousy by her fellow wives. mocked. We have sent to the Chw-ch For Mexicans in California at Panama accounts of a revival here in order that it may send a permanent METHODISTS in Southern Cali- preacher….. Salute the churches in fornia are planning an exten- the name of the Evangelical League of the Canal Zone and may the grace sive piece of social and evangelistic of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you service for the Mexicans of that sec- all to the end."-Record of Christian tion. The community center, which Work. is planned for the old Plaza of Los Angeles, already has a Sunday school T of one hundred, a well-attended Brave Women Pioneers preaching service, and an open-air HE fact that the train is likely to service on Sunday afternoon. A be attacked by bandits does not Goodwill Store, opened in the commu- deter the American missionaries in nity center on March 9, was soon Mexico from making a journey refilled with eager Mexican women. On quired by their work. Miss Mary the property owned by the mission Turner and Miss Spencer, missiononce stood the finest adobe mansion in aries of the Presbyterian Church in Southern California, the residence of the U. S. A., in Mexico, have re- General Fremont. Later it descended cently left their former station at to the uses of saloon and gambling Aguascalientes and moved to Vera hell. This has given place to a frame Cruz where they are to open a school. chapel and a . bungalow store, the .This is part of the reconstruction plan chapel being dedicated last Decem- called for by the Cincinnati Conferber in the presence of 700 Mexicans, ence of July, 1914 in which the work twice as many as the temporary of Mexico was divided among the church could comfortably hold. This several denominations at work so Los Angeles effort has won the ap- that there should be no overlapping. proval of Methodist leaders locally and at the Board of Home Missions. Miss Turner writes: "Du·ring my -Christian Advocate. twenty years in Aguascalientes, I saw a wonderful change in the people.

LATIN A.MERICA We made our places as missionary workers, which I regretted to give TChristian Porto Rican Soldiers up, yet our opportunities here in Vera HE evangelical churches in Porto Cruz are ten times better. I judge Rico have interested themselves that the trains which run between Ag- particularly in the troops from their uascalientes and Mexico City are at- island now on duty at Panama, and tacked upon an average of once every $185.05 has recently been raised to week or few days. The road between provide these troops with copies of Mexico City and Vera Cruz is even the New Testament. The Puerto Rico more dangerous, but the missionaries Evangelico prints a letter from two make the trip with perfect safety."

Christian soldiers, Miguel Matta and Juan B. Quinones, who have estab- Changed Attitude in Mexico lished a Society of Christian Endeav- REV. JOHN T. MOLLOY, of Yu- or among the soldiery who guard the catan, after a visit to Mexico German Detention Camp at the Canal City, in the course of which he dis- Zone, on the island of Taboga. They tributed many tracts and gospels, have opened preaching centers at va- writes: rious points, speak to the German "Mexico City seems more ope·n to prisoners and conduct open-air meet- the Gospel than ever before. Not one ings. They write: copy of the tracts and gospels has "Roman Catholicism is very strong been torn up or thrown into the here, yet now they listen to us with streets, nor has one contemptuous cry,

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so oommon in the past, been heard. ences on a two months' tour which he The work has been treated with re- took through a region that had been spect, the literature graciously re- visited only once before by a Pres- ceived. One quaint old man asked me byterian missionary. He says: what my business was, and when I "It is necessary to stop not only for told him I was a teacher of the Bible, the night's rest, but also for a noonhe said, 'I have a Bible, but it is in day meal and rest, especially for the Spanish, and I want one in English.' sake of the pack-mules, which travel Then he proceeded to 'talk in English, albout twenty-eight miles in a day. The. and showed himself a strong ally of noon-rest hour and the stop-over night the United States. He said 'Your at the home of some wayside dweller country is not ruled by your people, afford us an excellent opportunity but by God, and is chosen of God to for presenting the truth to the little be the favorite nation of the world.' group that gathers around as we sing His name means 'John a Hundred some gospel hymns; and also gives a Fires.' " chance for giving medical advice and Educating Young Chileans remedies to hookworm and other suf- ferers. The triumphs of the Gospel "UNIVERSIDAD NOCTURNA" in Brazil have not always been wit- is the equivalent of "night nessed in the cities, but very frequent- ly in some of the most distant and school" in the Y. M. C. A. in Val- out-of-the-way places, where in unparaiso, Chile. This year the pros- expected ways the Holy Spirit has pectus announces classes in Begin- manifested His power." ners', Intermediate and Advanced English, French, Spanish, Shorthand, At the small city of Pocone, the Bookkeeping, Commercial Law, Political Economy, Typewriting and party was welcomed by a young lieu- Commercial Arithmetic. The field is tenant of the State Police, who has a large one, for it is said that there been interested in the Gospel ever are 30,000 young men in the city who since the time he left his native state have not had a school education, and of Sao Paulo on account of family who can get a start through these troubles and came to Matto Grosso. classes. Through God's good providence he The Association is also seeking to "was sent on before to prepare the meet the needs of women, and opened way for OUr coming to Pocone. Our in March an extension section for abiding place while we were there was working women who cannot read and in the police barracks. Two meetings write. The committee plans for "Con- were held in the theatre and all who ferencias"-practical talks on subjects could read received leaflets." which have the needs of the people in mind, and which aim at the formation EUROPE of Christian character. There is such London Jews Society Anniversary an increasing demand for young THE IIOth anniversary of the Lonwomen stenographers and office help don Society for Promoting Christhat business men and parents alike are suggesting that the Association tianity among the Jews was held on supply training for such positions. May 2nd, in London. S. H. Glad- H ookwonn and Missions in Brazil stone presided, and the speakers in- cluded Dr. J. H. Ritson, the Lord Bishop of Stepney, and Rev. Malcolm G IVING people advice and reme- L. Maxwell, head of the Cairo Mis- dies to combat hookworm and sion, who has lately returned from other diseases, gives missionaries an Jerusalem. An afternoon meeting of opportunity in South America. A the Ladies' Union Workers' Associa- Presbyterian missionary in Cuyaba, tion and Girls' Jewish Guild was con- Brazil, had some interesting experi- ducted by Mrs. Albert Head.

British Missionary Finances to the Indian ward on Thursday. As the new patients came in I was at FOUR of the great missionary so- once attracted to Jawala, who gave me cieties in Great Britain, the a salute. His great big head dress he removed and put on a little gay polo Church Missionary Society, the Bap- cap. After tea, and the ward had settist Missionary Society, the China In- tled down, Jawala produced a Bible land Mission and the London Mis- in his own .language, and reverently sionary Society (Congregational), re- removing his ~p, he began to 'export at the close of their financial pound the Scriptures.' He read a lityear that in each case the total in- tle and then in his native tongue come has been larger than at any would explain it all to the patients. previous time, and in each case there After all was over he offered prayer. is a small balance in hand. This, in It is over two years since I came to the fourth year of War, is remark- France, and never have I seen anyable. thing quite so touching. I had a long conversation with him, and learned he A Witness to Israel is a Christian convert. He is good to all the patients, quietly attending to REV. DAVID BARON was one them and doing many little things in of the founders, twenty-five the ward. I wish that the missiona- ries who taught might see him here. years ago, of the organization known His devotion to his Master, his kindas the Hebrew Christian Testimony ness to all the patients and his unto Israel. "What we continually press failing courtesy to all made me think upon the Jews," says Mr. Baron, "is of the verse, 'The fruit of the Spirit is that we believe in Christ as the Son of love, joy, peace,' etc., for his charac- Man and Son of God, not in spite ter seemed to embody all these rare of, but because we are Jews." gifts."

In addition to its headquarters in Anglican-Greek Cooperation East London, the mission for a number of years has occupied three im- THE Anglican and Eastern Church portant "watch-towers" for Christ in Association, of which the Bishop Genpany, Hungary and Russia. Be- fore 'the war, Mr. Baron and his co- of London is president, exists for proworkers reached many thousands of moting inter-communion between the .Jews of all classes, in almost all the Anglican and Eastern-Orthodox countries in Europe, and in North Churches. It seeks to remove all ob- Africa, Egypt, Palestine and Asia stacles to the cause of reunion, and Minor. to bring the members of the Anglican and Eastern-Orthodox Churches into The other chief factor in the wide- mutual sympathy and understanding. spread influence of the "Testimony" The Association forms a channel of is the literature which it has produced communication between members of for Jews. It has printed and published these Churches in all parts of the about thirty-eight excellent, and some world. Lectures and sermons are givof them unique, books and pamphlets, en on the history, life and worship of in Hebrew, Yiddish, German, English, the Eastern churches, and lecturers Russian, Hungarian, French and on the English church are sent out to Italian. These have been very widely the East. There is a branch of the circulated among Jews in nearly all Association in the United States. The the lands of their dispersion. Association has a membership of over 2,850, including thirty-five Anglican AAn Indian Christian in France and nine Orthodox Bishops, the Rus- CANADIAN nurse overseas sian Archbishop of Yaroslav being gives a glimpse of war work as one of the presidents. A sister society it is seen among different nationalities, and as she passes through the wards, she comes upon the fruits of foreign missions. She writes "I came

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has been founded in Russia with the nated at once, but many missionaries same objects, under the sanction of whom I have known are well fitted to the Holy Synod, and includes as mem- be guides; as in their life they are bers many of the most influential of examples of economic management the Bishops, among whom is the new and moral vigor, and of living on a Patriarch of Moscow. high standard."-The Missionary Herald. MOSLEM LANDS ATo Train Women in Turkey A Crisis in the Caucasus MONG the practical departures which Constantinople College is REV. ERNEST A. YARROW, contemplating in its broad plans for the futUre are a training school for who has been in charge of the re- teachers and a medical school, where lief work among the 300,000 Arme- both women doctors and nurses may nian refugees in the Caucasus, ca- be trained. There is no medical bled from TifUs some weeks ago: school for women in the whole of the Ottoman Empire. Even nurses must "There is an extremely critical p()– in most cases obtain their training litical situation in the Caucasus. The abroad. Is it to be wondered at that Turkish advance terrifies the Arme- Constantinople College longs to fill· nians; and the Caucasian Tartars who this .very pressing need. are unfriendly to the Armenians surround them. There is danger that the Normal schools for teachers are whole Armenian race will be extermi- very few indeed throughout the emnated should the combination of these pire. Turkey needs hundreds and forces be successful. Should the Ar- thousands of teachers. Yet in the menians be rightly directed and great city of Constantinople of a milfinanced there is among them great lion and a half inhabitants there is no potential military force and this would place where teachers can be trained. furnish a reasonable hope that the The colIege has given courses in pedarace might be preserved by its own gogy-has in fact made a brave beginefforts." ning, but there is much more to be done. Who Is to Make Over Turkey? AJewish University in Jerusalem U NPREJUDICED observers like T the recent conference of the our own American ambassadors English Zionist Federation, the have spoken in the highest terms of public announcement was made of the the service rendered by the missiona- purchase of a site for the future Jewries in Turkey. A further endorse- ish University of Jerusalem. The ment of them is found in an article need and possibility of such an instiby Sir William Ramsay, an eminent tution was called to the attention of student of Asia Minor and of mod- Sir John Gray Hill in July, 1913. On ern Turkey, which appeared in the what proved to be his last visit to Quarterly Review. He says: Jerusalem he came in touch with lead- ers of the Jewish National Movement "My conclusion is that Turkey must in Palestine, and the basis of the nebe taken in tutelage by the Western gotiations was then laid which ulti- Powers, and that everything will de- mately led to a successful conclusion. pend upon the personal character and Immediately after the deliverance of the knowledge of the men into whose Jerusalem, the negotiations were rehands the task of regenerating Tur- sumed. key will be put. Foremost among those who are fit to be intrusted with this Among the many purposes which duty are certain American missiona- the university is intended to serve, are: ries in the country-not, by any means, First, the restoration of the country to all of them, for I have known one who said to me with fervor that he had never been inside a .Turkish mosque. Such as he may be elimi-

its normq,l life. To this end Palestine by remaining unmarried and becoming will need doctors, engineers, archi- a teacher in the school.

tects, biologists, chemists, botanists and geologists. Second, the work to INDIA be achieved by the university for the IThe Gospel and Indian Song NDIA puts its distinctive mark on inhabitants of the Jewish national everything that it touches. Though the religious value of music is recoghome has to be considered. Its part nized the world over, the musical side of the mass movement toward Chriswill be all-important. It will be both tianity in India is characteristically Indian. Reports from missionaries tell the reflective and the directive force the story. in the Jewish national life-b~idg~ng "In Meerut there have sprung up, the various elements and co-ordmatmg along with the mass movement, real poet singers who have told the story the various kindred institutions. of Jesus in song and ballad, just as the aTnhdird~xttehnesiounnivseyrssteitmy , with its press "radiating its light and attracting its force from a Jewish environment," can revitalize Jewry the world over.

DR. Desperate Need in Teheran lives of India's great ones have been S. M. JORDAN has sent the told through the centuries." . following cablegram from Te- "The bagavather, or lyrical preacher, ihseraacn~epPteerdsiwa:ith"Tthhaenkssu.m of $75,000 begins by singing in some Indian There is a chant a song in praise of God. The subject is usually a Bible story told by great epidemic of typhoid and typhus, means of songs describing various actions of the story. Interwoven are and famine conditions are unexpect- other songs and stanzas drawn from both Hindu and Christian literature, edly growing worse. Other Persian illustrating the main points of the story. Occasionally the address breaks cities are similarly affected. The prices off into a disquisition on some moral point which crops up. All is in song of foodstuffs are enormous, and they except the explanations, which are half chanted with musical accompaniare almost unobtainable. Dogs, dead animals, grass and even human beings are being eaten. An addi1:ional $100,- 000 shoufd be sent if possible. More could be used."

Busrah Is On the Map ment. The address is full of vivid illustration drawn from the life of the M RS. JOHN VAN ESS, of the people. The preacher is ordinarily mission of the Reformed Church the composer of the songs used, and in Busrah, Arabia, says that only a he generally adopts the nodding of the short time ago people asked her: head and other gesticulations practised "Where in the world is Busrah?" but by the Indian singer." now, when told that Mrs. Van Ess has been living in Busrah say. quickly: "There has been a wonderful re- "You are in the midst of things, to be vival in singing in the Meerut District living in Busrah these days." during the last year or two. Some of our own people have written new Since the occupation of Busrah by bhajans, or hymns, setting them to the English, there has been perfect popular well-known village tunes and freedom in all forms of mission work. they have gone like wildfire over the Evangelistic work has never been entire district. Every place I go the more encouraging, and the people people are singing in a wonderful new have never been more accessible. The. way. I have been astonished to hear girls' school, with such a small begin- boys about twelve years singing eight ning, is now one of the important in- or ten of these bhajans perfectly to stitutions of Busrah. The present crowds of non-Christians. This will primary teacher, one of the first pupils capture the hearts of the people of of the school, has defied public opinion India as nothing else can."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Indian Girls Work for Pilgrims cers think it best not to attend the church parade service, but to leave it E VERY year there is a great mela, entirely to their Indian confreres to or festival, held about fifteen see that everything is done on correct miles from Cawnpore and many come lines. to the city for the double purpose of attending the fair and bathing in the "Together with two other Chrisholy Ganges river. Thus they combine tians, the son of one of our native religion and enjoyment. clergymen has been promoted to the rank of superior non-commissioned "This year," writes one of the mis- officer. Visiting him in his quarters, sionaries of the Woman's Union Mis- I saw the secret of his influence in the sionary Society, "in order to give our text which was hanging in his room: older girls a chance to do real evan- 'For me to live is Christ.' He told gelistic work, I decided to take a num- me that that had been his motto from ber of them to .the mela with Scrip- the day when he entered the regiment. ture portions and hymn-books to sell. May God raise up among the Indian These girls who have grown up in the officers others of his stamp !"-C. M. close shelter of the Merriman School, S. Gleaner. are among the very few of India's children to whom the Christian en- A Remarkable Leper Asylum vironment is natural. To see heathen conditions as they really exist every- A FTER completing fourteen years where, even so close to their own of work in connection with the doors, is quite an experience for these Leper Asylum in Allahabad, India, fortunate girls. We divided our girls Mr. Sam Higginbottom writes: who were to go with us into two groups, one party going to the river "I rejoice at what God hath wrought and the other to a large heathen tem- at this time. Then, less than fifty ple. We could not but be impressed forlorn, hopeless, uncared for folk, by the ignorance, superstition and ab- housed in tumbledown mud huts, all ject hopelessness written so plainly on around a desert of ten acres; now, the overwhelming number of faces in four hundred and fifty lepers, housed that great shifting sea. Many of these in good substantial quarters, sixty people had walked weary miles to the acres of well tilled land, a good hosriver, hoping to bathe away their sins pital, church and storerooms. Homes in its muddy waters. Others had come for untainted boys and girls, who are in on the crowded trains, and in these going to school and being properly days railroad fares are no small item trained, are here also. Thete are an to them, for rates have been increased observation ward, beautiful gardens and all concessions to such pilgrims productive of many vegetables, fruit have been done away." and flowers, a place for the leper to get both pleasure and profit, a small The Punjab Christian Regiment herd of dairy cattle to provide fresh, milk for the sick. Some of the richest THE presence of native troops frcm experiences of my life, some of the India among the regular British choicest Christians I know, have been revealed to me in this Leper Asylum, forces, especially in Mesopotamia, as and I rejoice greatly that this work well as in labor corps in France, has was forced upon me years ago." been one of the memorable features of the War. These men represent all the Christians Exempt from Plague faiths in India, but there is in North India a regiment recruited entirely INoCULATION against bubonic from Christians. A missionary writes plague is so carefully attended to of his visit to them in Ferozepore: by Christian workers in India that the "The men were entirely under their Christian population is practically im- Indian officers, who evidently had mune. The missionaries are now sucthem well in hand. The British offi- ceeding in persuading some of the

Hindus and' Mohammedans to accept SIAM AND MALAYSIA' this treatment. So reports Rev. A. A. McBride, of Sirur, in the Marathi Demon Possession in Siam Mission. "A LL of the Christians believe in "Plague is with us again. It is the fact of demons and their taking its toll of the village people, power over human beings; but they but not in as large numbers as last believe also that by the power of Jesus year. The people learned the lesson Christ they can be cast out," says Rev. of inoculation and evacuation from the C. R. Callender, a Presbyterian mis- Christians. We were all inoculated, sionary in Siam. He describes one ex- and all evacuated their houses in the perience as follows: infected districts of the village, and not one case· was registered among our "On going up the steps into the people. This year, many more of the house we heard the woman say (sup- . village Hindus aryd Mohammedans posed to be the demon talking), 'There were inoculated, and they came out of come two men who belong to Jesus. infected villages earlier. It looks now One is a missionary, the other a na- like the 'deserted village of the plain,' tive of this country.' We found the and we can sometimes not get what young woman lying on her back on we want because all the shops are the floor, with a string tied around her cl6sed.'; wrists, a cloth tied around her head, and a rope about both feet, tied to- German Missions in India gether. I was surprised to see one of the Christian elders, who was helping I T IS evident from the report on me on this tour, sitting at the head German Missions in India, which of this woman, trying to exorcise the demon. His hands tightly clasped; the Bishop of Chota Nag-pur has sub- the long hair of the woman. I learned later that she was the elder's niece. mitted to the National Missionarv The idea of tying feet, hands and Council, that he no longer expects t~ head, and the tight grasp of the hair, was to keep the demon from making see the German missionaries returning its escape until its identity could be ascertained and an agreement come to to their former posts in India. Two with regard to behavior in the future."

and a half years ago, he says, he was After extended conversation this was supposed to be done, the bands not without hope that at the conclusion were untied, and the woman became normal again. of the war such conditions might ob- Singapore a Strategic Center tain as would not entirely preclude the "SINGAPORE is undoubtedly the return of the German missionaries. He most cosmopolitan city in Ma- now believes that to be wholly impos- laysia," writes a missionary in the M aslern World. It also seems to be will sible. The loss to mission work, how- the center of the Mohammedan literary ever, not be so great as might propaganda for the East Indies. It is doubtful whether there is any other have been anticipated, because in place in Malaysia where so many Malay books, pamphlets and newsmany parts of the district there has papers in the Arabic character are being published. Most of them are been considerable overlapping, three read by the Chinese.

missions working side by side in the One can hardly avoid the conclusion that it is in Singapore that the great same village. In some cases. a reduc- conflict between Christianity and Mo- hammedanism will center. No doubt tion in the number of agencies may be a positive advantage. The financial problem of maintaining the Lutheran work as a separate organization has become much more acute, as funds 'that have been supplied hitherto from America are no longer available.- Statesman.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

more converts from Islam may be won the heads of their neighbors and prein either Java or Sumatra. This has serving the dried skulls as ornaments been abundantly proved by the suc- for their homes. When the first miscess of the Dutch and German mis- sionaries went to Borneo, they were sionaries who have really seriously fortunate to keep their heads on their grappled with this great task, which shoulders. To-day, the Dyaks have now confronts the Christian Church, ceased head hunting, have given themfor they can count their converts by selves to farming and have taken on the thousand, whereas the Malays clothes and other evidences of civilizaboast that none of their race have ever tion. Instead of news coming once a become Christians. This is not true, month, as it did when missionaries for a few individuals here and there first went to Borneo, it is now received have been baptized. We believe it is by wireless. The missionary has helpthe duty of the Church to provide at ed to transform the people. such a strategic center as Singapore an adequate equipment for the conflict An Appeal from Annam which must decide the superior claims of Christianity. I N THE past the French Govern- . ment looked on the Protestant mis~ Schools Develop Trade in Malaysia sion as the forerunner of British co- lonial penetration and therefore has " F IVE years ago," says Rev. ]. R. been wary of admitting. evangelical Denyes, an American Methodist missionaries into French areas. This missionary in the Straits Settlements, is one reason why the large French "Americans heard much from the colony of Annam has received less Dutch and English because America evangelical help than almost any other was sending a thousand Yankee school region in Asia. One of the results of teachers to the Philippines. Today the the war will be to change entirely this Dutch Government is opening schools attitude of the French authorities and in Java at a rate they never dreamed of to throw Annam open to the Gospel before. The practical value of Ameri- as never before. can mission schools is increasingly recognized. Industrial training makes How ripe a field Protestant misscholars valuable citizens. Dutch and sionaries will find when they do go English colonists see what the Ameri- there is indicated by a letter recently can business man is just beginning to written by a Protestant named Duong find out. that trade follows the mis- to the Director of the Paris Evangelisionary." cal Missionary Society, asking that missionaries be sent to his country. The increased earning capacity of the 8,000 boys in the mission schools CHINA in Java, from the time they enter until they have finished the course, av- Lawlessness in China erages $50 apiece a month, or $4,- 800,000 a year in the aggregate. In MISSIONARIES of the China Inthe mission schools boys take on Eu- land Mission, stationed at points ropean dress, and learn to use knives and forks and many other implements in the interior, often send information of civilization. To meet all these new which is not available from other tastes in a generation of 8,000 boys, sources. Recent reports from this would, it is estimated, bring an in- source illustrate the sad state of lawcreased trade of $10,000.000. lessness which exists in many parts of China today. Politically the situation Dyaks Give Up Head Hunting is more or less chaotic. The absence of effectual control by the Central Gov~ D YAK is a word which conveys to ernment is increasingly manifest in many the idea of a people whose tribal pastime consists in cutting off In several provinces, especially in Szech- wan, Hunan, Hupeh, and Shansi. the west a sort of triangular conflict has been in progress for many months

in which Yunnah, Kweichow, and tours among the people. A member ~zechwan troops have been engaged. of the China Inland Mission, writing Since the burning of Chengtu, 5'izech- from Hweichow, in Anwei province, wan has been without a provincial says: head, and there has been much local "Since my return from Anking independence and great disorder. Bible School I have visited Tunki "Terrible accounts," writes Bishop (seventeen miles south-west) and Cassels concerning the east of the prov- Miaoshow (forty-three miles north).

ince; "reach me of looting, slaying and Last Sunday at the latter place I was other atrocities." From other sources discouraged. There was a theatrical it is reported that British, American show on, especially heathen and and Japanese steamers and even river idolatrous. It portrayed the ascension gunboats have been fired on on the to heaven of one who kept his vege- Yangtze above Hankow, the captain tarian vows and the falling to hell of of one vessel· being killed on the the wife of the same man, the mother bridge. American engineers also have of a priest who after many years broke been robbed and captured by bandits her vows on the death of the husband.

in Honan. And now comes the sad One or two of our folk barely took news that one of the woman workers time to attend service, and profited by connected with the Scandinavian Al- the show in selling sweet wine, etc.

liance Mission, associated with the C. Another poor fellow wants to give his 1. M., has been murd~red by robbers wife away. It seems hard to oppose, at Sanshuihsien, an out-station of Pin- because she is a plague to him. We chow in Shansi. get some difficult problems at times.

An ex-evangelist has been sowing dis- Preaching in Temples cord among his former flock there, and REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, who in general showing such an unre- has traveled widely among the pentant manner that I have suspended him from communiot1."-China's Mil- "walled cities of China," writes: "One lions. of the best things of last year was the getting many times into the 'kia miao' (family temples) in the villages to A Chinese Police Reformer preach. These 'kia miao' are veritable THE practical effects of a Christian sancta sanctorum. These were, to faith are to be seen in Nantung- my amazement, offered me by heath- chow, near Shang-hai, China, where a en clans with whom I got in closest Christian chief of police is really try- friendly touch. Bear in mind that the ing to introduce changes for the bet- heathen only, in this class of temples, ter in police methods. Instead of the worship the ghosts of their ancestors. old-time custom of leaving prisoners This year I have had the privilege re- in dungeons he has organized chain peatedly of inviting the village head- gangs, where his prisoners work in men, heathen all, to meet me in a the open air with their punishment re- body, and as a friend, to listen to me duced for good conduct. A short time preach Jesus Christ. This has led to back a number of story-tellers came calling me in to settle disputes in a to the place. (A Chinese story-teller friendly manner, and by mutual con- is something after the order of a me- cession and outside of the yamen-an diceval bard.) These men were telling unmistakable boon. In no previous filthy stories. The chief of police years have I gotten so dose to the drove them out of town. Later a num- heathen." ber of priests started the rumor that a Problems for the Missionary spirit which had the power to heal diseases had entered a tree near the MISSIONARIES often have dif- North Gate. They had set up an altar ficult social problems to deal and were doing a thriving business.

with, espedaUy when they go out on Hundreds were going daily for help.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

The chief sent over, arrested all the terian missionary in Changteh, Hunan priests, told them they could not de- Province, China, "and we have never ceive the people thus and only let before seen such -crowds of eager them go when they had sent out a listeners to the Gospel in Changteh as denial of the virtue of the tree and it has been our privilege to witness had taken away the altar.-Record of during the past week. Both at the Christian Work. afternoon meetings for women, and at the general meetings in the evenings, DR. The Black Death in China it has been good to see the large num- PERCY WATSON, medical bers attending. We have had to fill missionary of the American the aisle of the church with extra seats Board at Fenchow, identifies the these nights, and every available one pneumonic plague, which now threat- has been occupied. Ten days of nightens the whole of North China, with ly meetings for prayer with our helpthe Black Death which ravaged ers and Christians were the prelude Europe in iS46, sweeping away ap- to this campaign. These. meetings proximately 25,000,000 people. China were exceptionally good. The spirit and the world owe it to him that the of prayer was poured out upon us, and first news of the outbreak in Mongolia we believe the good results all point was reported in Peking and that back to these times of waiting on God measures were taken to prevent travel for His working in the hearts of th~ through the gates in the Great Wall, people." and to enforce quarantine and inoculation. Dr. Watson accompanied Gen. JAPAN-CHOSEN Chao and a military staff in a tour of inspection along the inner side of the A Japanese Christian Official wall in Shansi. Through the negligence of officials a number of infected H ON. SOROKU EBARA, who persons had slipped through and some was elected a representative in 200 deaths occurred. He thinks fur- the first Parliament in Japan, rether ravages in that quarter can be elected several times,. and a few years stayed. Other North China medical ago made a member of the House of missionaries have joined in this effort Peers, has also had a striking career and their services are mightily appre- as an educator. He organized the ciated by the Chinese government. first school for modern military· in- Dr. Charles W. Young of Peking, who struction. He visited America, studied successfully fought the plague in our institutions and returned to Japan 1911, has gone to Shansi to instruct to engage in regular educational work, the officials. He shows lantern slides feeling thq,t modern education would of the last plague, including views of be fundamental to making Japan a the uncared for dead, bodies torn by strong state. He invited a missionary dogs, a pile of l,400 coffins ready for to become a teacher in his school. burning, etc. He also shows them under the microscope the plague ba- A few years later a Canadian miscilli from a case two weeks dead. By sionary school was about to be given such means Dr. Young thinks he up because of the government regulaought to be able to persuade into ac- tion with reference to the teaching of tivity even the most inert of magis- religion. There were 400 boys in the trates. school and he did not like to see them "WE Results Follow Prayer turned out into the street. A few Japa- HAVE just completed a week's special evangelistic nese friends joined with him to take campaign in the city," writes Rev. W. over the school and Senator Ebara be- C. Chapman, an American Presby- came the principal. Since then all the debts have been paid and the number of students has grown to 800. Mean- while the new principal became a Christian and joined. the Meth09ist Church. Each morning he reads the

Bible and talks to the boys in chapel. Katsuda's history and advised him to Many of the distinguished men of enter Aoyama Gakuin. This he did, Japan have passed through his school. and was graduated from the Academy AA Leader of Japanese Women in 1892. He was converted and was baptized, but after leaving the acad- N INTERESTING visitor in the emy was lost to view until he loomed United States during the past up as a very rich man and the school's few months has been Miss Tsune benefactor.

Watanaba, of Japan, President of the Congregational Women's Missionary ,' W A Korean's Opinion of Missions Society in her native land. Miss HEREAS the distinguishing Watanaba has had a teaching experi- mark of Oriental ethics is to ence of some twenty years, several of which were spent in connection with honor man and despise wnoomtiaon~ the Women's Missionary Society. The Christianity has brought the W. C. T. U. also claims a large share of her interest and she is the president that men and women are sons and of the Kobe Branch. One object of her visit is to study the methods and daughters of God on equal terms." interests of missionary women in America, that she may utilize them as This, in the judgment of a native far as possible among her own people. contributor to The Korea Mission Field, is one of the great contribu- tions which Christian missions have made to Korean civilization. Previous to the entrance of Christianity, the A Japanese Business Man's Generosity writer states, politics were corrupt, in- dustry and finance were diso'rganized GINJIRE KATSUDA is renowned tehxrtorauvgahgaanwceh,irldwisihnodneosftyg.rafItn, tboritbheersy~ in the business world of Japan conditions the missionary brought a high ideal of life and the dignity of because he has become a multi-million- virtue. Where premature marriages aire through shipping since the begin- flourished and re-marriage was ning of the war. In 1915 he heard of frowned upon, the Church has conone dire need of a mission school, tributed a legal age for marriage and Aoyama Gakuin, of which he is an given to Korean women a "precious alumnus. The roof of Goucher Hall freedom."

needed repairing, and immediately Mr. Another point 'made by the Korean Katsuda contributed five thousand dol- is that common schools of both lower lars for this purpose. In January of the following year, says Mrs. Jennie Vail Bishop, plans for the expansion of the school were made public, and and higher grade have followed the Mr. Katsuda pledged ten thousand establishment of Christian schools, dollars toward this project. In June which were making the only attempt he learned that the equipment was far at educating the people up to seven from adequate for the greatly in- or eight years ago. Even now a creased number of students, and he ,church with two or three hundred promised an amount sufficient to erect members has a primary school, as a a suitable building and five thousand rule. Thus the Christian Church is credited with having laid the foundadollars for the President's home. tion of Korea's new system of educa- Nearly thirty years ago (in 1888 tion. or 1889), young Ginjire Katsuda joined an expedition to the Kurile A Islands, but was obliged to turn back The Deacon's Restitution for lack of funds. He pawned his MISSIONARY in Korea was ex- watch to pay his fare back to Kyushu amining a candidate for baptism.

and on the train met President Honda "What did you do about your sins (Bishop Honda) and Rev. J. O. when you believed in Jesus?" HI was Spencer. They learned something of sorry for them and mended them."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

"How did you mend them?" "By not tion over a great area. The Umvoti committing them again." "If I break River, in Zululand, without warning this pencil and resolve not to break it of rainstorm or other sufficient ex- again will that mend it?" "No." planation, but possibly, it is thought, "What must I do to mend it?" "Make because of a cloudburst near its source, it as much as you can like it was." came down in a wall of water seventy "Have you done that with your quar- feet high, drowning many Europeans, rels, debts and so forth?" Indians and natives. At the same As deacon Kim sat and listened, an time occurred a storm at Beira, the arrow of conviction pierced his heart. American Board's station in Mozam- He went home, took some money from bique territory, which actually carried the box, went to the drugstore and said the mission house out to sea. Fortu- to the proprietor: "Here is money nately it was not occupied at the time, for that medicine I bought a month Mrs. Maxwell and her boys being ago and promised to pay for in a few temporarily in Natal, where she was days. I beg pardon for not keeping making plans for going home, because my word." The druggist replied: "I of Mr. Maxwell's recent death. '

have been watching you Christians to see if Christianity is any different The NyasaIand Mission from these other religions we have.

Now I believe it is better, it giVes THE Nyasaland Mission which was power to its follower to do what it founded in 1890 by the late Rev.

teaches, and gives humility too." Andrew Murray, D.D., is laboring in Nyasaland, North Eastern Rhodesia AFRICA and Portuguese East Africa. Its an- New Movement in Abyssinia nual report, recently published, shows that, in spite of the many hindrances THROUGH the Swedish Evangel- due to the present world war and the ical Mission a remarkable re- Chilembwe Rebellion near Blantyre, ligious movement is reported from the 2,874 members were received into the interior of Abyssinia. This has taken Church during the past year by bap- hold of the Moslem population so that tism, and 1,370 adults broke with in the last six years some 10,000 have heathenism and were admitted into been baptized into the Christian the baptism classes. The Gospel has Church. The apostle of this movement been preached every week to 42,000 is an ex-Sheik, Zaccaria, who has adults and children. The work of changed his name to Noaye Kristos, a translating the entire Bible into the person of great influence in Sokoto, in native language, the Chinyanga, has the Amhara country where he lives. just been completed by Rev. W. H.

The movement has sprung from Murray, assisted by Rev. Mr. Napier, Scriptures distributed by the British of the Presbyterian Church. This task Bible Society in Abyssinia. and is which has required ten years of active evangelical in character. Indeed these labor on the part of Mr. Murray, gives new Christians are so dissatisfied with a million people the entire Bible in the dead forms of the Coptic Church their own language.

that they are organizing' classes for Through the sacrificing efforts of Scripture study and have mobilized the Church in South Africa, the missome 500 men, who are serving as sionaries on the field and the native teachers. Christians, a deficit of about $5,000 Serious Floods in Africa was wiped out and a goodly balance left in the mission treasury. The WORD has come that Zululand has North American Council transmitted been cut off from Natal by seri- about $5,000 during the past year ous floods, which have washed away from the supporters of the work in the bridges and spread death and destruc- United States and Canada.

Pilgrims of Hawaii. Their own ciaIly. Yet enough is recorded to sup-

story of their pilgrimage from New England and life work in the Sand- ply a clear outline, while the essential history is very fully given in the main wich Islands, now known as Hawaii. section. It is a unique combination By Rev. and Mrs. Oramel Hinckley of documents and commentary and Gulick. Illustrated, map. 351 pages.

N ew York: Fleming H. Revell Com- has in it what will interest the friends pany. $1.50 net. 1918. of missions and at the same time will Two years hence the centennial cele- supply the student of missionary bration of the landing o"f the first mis- methods a very satisfying collection of sionaries to the Hawaiian Islands will data bearing upon them.

be celebrated. Yet fifty years ago the Our Hawaii. By Charmian Kittredge London. $2.25. Illustrated. Bvo. 345 Islands were so fully Christianized pp. Macmillan, New York, 1917. that the American Board of Foreign Missions had finished its main task "They don't know what they've and could relinquish its work to the got," said Jack London of the Ameri- Hawaiian churches, whose Evangel- can public when, ten years ago, he ical Association has been the bulwark first recognized the beauty and wonder of Christianity there ever since. One of Hawaii. Because the common hundred and fifty-three persons, from knowledge Americans possess con- 1820 to 1894, were sent to the Islands cerning Hawaii is so scant, Mrs. Lonto accomplish the transformation of don undertakes to give in journal form Hawaii. How they accomplished this miracle, with God working through a resume of her experiences during a them, is here told by survivors of the early missionaries' children who have brief residence there ten years ago, seen with their own eyes much of what during a more recent visit to that they here record. Paradise of the Pacific. The book is full of entertainment and information, The volume is of varying character much of the latter not easily accessible.

and hence is divided into three parts. James Monroe Buckley. By George The first gives an outline history of Preston Mains. 305 pp. Price net, the coming of the missionaries, with $1.50. The Methodist Book Concern: the beginnings of their work and a New York, 1917.

too. brief description of the Islands. If Dr. Buckley was an attractive Part II is the most valuable section, man, one would not guess it from this which (in 225 pages) gives selections biography. The chapters deal with him from contemporary correspondence as "The Preacher," "The Traveler,"

covering the years 1820 to 1859, when "The Editor," and from other aspects.

the work was fully established. Part The reader is mildly interested in the III contains an unduly condensed tab- account of his activities and achieve- ulation of results of the Mission, in- ments, but the author fails to make cluding religious work, education, lin- one love or admire this hero whom he guistic achievements, agricultural re- himself looks upon with "wondering sults of the coming of missionaries, admiration."

the commercial development of the A great biography, like a great por- Islands and the outlook to-day. Per- trait, is the fruit of "terrible toil." This haps the very fact that the authors one seems to have been written too were. familiar with the enterprise from easily. Press notices, long quotations, ~ childhood has kept them from realiz- eulogies, moralizings, meet one in al- ing how much is left out in the some- most every chapter. The book intro- what analistic style of the volume, a duces us to Dr. Buckley. We mt1st weakness of Parts I and III espe- go elsewhere to know him.

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Sons of Italy. By Antonio Mangano. is an observer whose purpose is to repro-. Illustrated. 12mo. 234 pp. 60 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New duce impressions of the first three or York. 1917. four months of China travel, as "the T HE Italians are a picturesque race, but they are also hard workers and fascinating noveJty of the Orient might loyal friends. In one year before begin to fade after a six months' tour." the war 283,000 came to America. This delightful freshness shows itself The number dropped last year to also in his sage declarations about things 33,665. Prof. Mangano, of Colgate and men Chinese which "old China Theological Seminary, gives some valuable and interesting information in this hands" would be cautious about speak-. "social and religious study of Italians in America." After an introductory story ing of in so ex cathedra a manner. Afof one immigrant, he describes the sunny :and from which these multitudes came fecting the tone of a Far Eastern and their habits and training in Italy. Then he gives the facts about conditions authority he says that Lao-tze, founder that the immigrant faces in America and how these Sons of Italy have succeeded ofTaO"Ism, was "born at Honan,"·JUst in overcoming the difficulties that face them. as he probably speaks of Lincoln's being:…

Few who have not been in close con- "born at Kentucky." His lulowledge of tact with laboring conditions, realize- the life in a, "section gang." The low missions makes him say on page-I72 that wages ($7 to $10 a week), poor accommodations and ill-treatment naturally it is claimed that Hangchow was the make Socialists and sometimes lead to violence as a protest. The Italians in first city to· receive Christian mission- America are not only barbers and shoeblacks but work in shoe factories, glue aries and on page 278 that it was introand ;aint works, chocolate factories, duced as early as 625 and that the f~­ silk mills, glass works, coal a!1d ir~>n mines bricklaying, stone quarnes, dIg- mous N estorian monument was set up In ging ;ubways and constructing railroads. Many of them have risen high in pro- Hsia-an Fu in 782. President Li Yuan· fessional and business life, but most of them have lost their religion. Prof. hung, he says, is believed to be a "C?h~is­ Mangano shows how sadly they need religious instruction. tian convert. Now, when a Chnstlan – This study forms an excellent textbook for classes and is very readable. It practically occupies the Dragon Throne is valuable for reference. of Cathay, it is time that the world The Spell of China. By Archie Bell. Illustrated. xvi, 404 pp. $2.50 net. took notice." So easy is it to pass from The Page Co" Boston. 1917. the belief to the certainty-even when A BOOK of the "Spell Series" al- ways has something to commend it. President Li is reputed to be an ortho- The spell in this case is mainly confined to the fine half-tones, six less effective dox Confucianist! Other errors appear pictures in "full color," and a facile pen that rambles through the book from not to have "crept in," but in the words Hongkong to "China's little sister," Korea but never far from the beaten of Dr. Arthur Smith, in another contracks' of travel. The author obviously nection, they have stalked in boldly with hat on and umbrella spread and have taken a front seat. .

Nevertheless Mr. Bell has written most interestingly about the great sea- board and Yang-tzu cities and his ac- count of Peking and Seoul are well worth reading. His point of view is that of the traveler of the globe-trotc .

ting variety, rather than that of the thoughtful traveler like Prof. Ross, for sinecstraentsce~f anxious to tell his readers the China's unbroken past and its, promising future.

His Dominiol'11. By Rev. W. T. GUnn. Illustrated, 12mo, 209 pp. 60 cents. The Canadian Council of th.e Mission- ary Education Movement, Toronto.

1917.

"HIS Dominion" is Canada – viewed as God's country. The book contains a delightful descriptiotl of the great North land-nearly equal in size to Europe; and very interest- Maintenance ~f Health in the Tropics. ing bits of Canadian history. The By W. J. Simpson, M. D. J2mo. 174 story of the development of Christian- pp. 3s 6d. John Bale Sons & Danielity is told briefly and leads on to an son, London, 1916. account of Home Missions to-day. Dr. Simpson's book has already Dr. Gunn has given us a valuable and proved its value to those in the tropics. well written text-book on a country al- It is published under the auspices of together too little known. the "London School. of Tropical Medicine" and gives a sane advice The Book of Personal Work. 8y John concerning the precautions, habits and H. Faris. 8vo. 315 pp. $100 net. remedies that are best calculated to George H. Doran Co., New York, 1917. preserve life and health in tropical Soul winning is a gift, but it re- countries.

quires passion and skill. The gift is Good Health for All. By A. T. Scofield. from God; (the passion is born of M. D. 12mo. 104 pp. Is 6d. Picker- ing & Inglis, Glasgow, 1916. spiritual experience and insight; skill comes with study and practice. Dr. Dr. Scofield gives a great deal of Faris supplies many valuable hints for good general infonpation about health soul winners and many examples of for all ages from ailing infants to tired souls that have been won. They stir . grandparents. the heart and stimulate to similar endeavor while at the same time they The Coming of the Dawn. By Jane A. suggest ways of winning others. This Pierson. Illustrated. Bvo. 299 pp. is a good volume for classes in per- $1.50. The Standard Press, Concinsonal work. Tnati, 0., 1917. Jesus Is Coming. By Wm. E. Black- HE problem of Jew and Gentile is stone. 12mo. 252 pp. SO cents. Moody dealt with in this novel from a Bible Institute, Chicago, 1916. Christian point of view. It is more than Interest has been revived in this a good love story for it takes up very subject by the World War. Mr. Black- vividly the social disabilities of the Jews stone's study is one of the clearest in America, the cruel persecution of and most scriptural and sane that has Jews in Russia, and the horrors o'f appeared. It was first issued nearly Siberian exile under the Imperial Govforty years ago, has been trans- ernment of Russia. It is a book that lated into 25 languages and has been a will interest workers among Jews and blessing to multitudes. It deserves one that may advantageously be given to careful reading and prayerful study. intelligent Jews to read.

Methods in Prayer. W. Graham Scrog- Wandering Stars. By Rev. Andrew Hangie. 12mo. 172 pp. $1.00 net. Geo. sen. 12mo. 163 pp. $1.00. George H. H. Doran Co., New York, 1917. Doran, 1916.

True prayer means much more than Dr. Hansen knows how to find in the the offering of petitions. It includes every day happenings of ordinary life the also the offering of worship, the offer- lessons most easily understood by a child, ing of confession, of thanksgiving, of and in these ten-minute sermons for the the Petitioner himself and all that he juniors shows an intimate understanding is and has. Mr. Scroggie brings out of a child's heart. With quaint titles, this and much more in his helpful appealing phrase and familiar subject study of prayer-a neglected and mis- he makes vivid the simple lessons of understood power with many Chris- courtesy, sympathy, love, courage and tians today. This volume reveals the gentleness. Here are a few of the sug- true character and meth!>d of prayer, gestive titles: Bountiful Eyes; The but it would be more stimulating if Puckery Pear Trees; Don't Block the it gave more illustrations of the re- Gangway j Slightly Soiled-Greatly Re- sults of prayer from modern biogra- duced in Price; The Bible's Untamable phy and history. Animal.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1918

ELEVATION Uun,," Sc. JI~,n

~s 'flJi",'n A'e~uf: J. (~. Ilartholomc New York Ci/)' 1917 AFRICA F.ach dor rcprcsenrs a Protcstanr mi!'oSion Mluion having in rcsi<lenct! at least one American, European. or whitt: Soulh Afrit:an Missionary.

NATURAl. VEG[TATION C==:l Vuodland. Grnssland. Under Cultivarion _ Fores!

J. G. Bartholom~w fu".",;c At/til nurto~ Sf. John IS Madiion A'fnuc AFRICA "c", York till In7 Each dot represents a Protestant mission station having in residence at leaS( one American, European. or white: South African Mis."ionary.

MISSIONARY

EVlEW'

VOL. February, 1918 NulOU Two XLI: SIGNS OF THE TIMES A STUDENT CONFERENCE IN WAR TIME C HRISTIAN leaders in America are convinced that war time- when men and women are making extreme sacrifices to secure future liberty and justice-is not the time to curtail our efforts to give the Gospel of Christ to the world. The time when all foundations are being shaken is not the time to give up strengthening the foundation on which aU truth and liberty rest. The time when men and women are sacrificing energy, money and life itself to establish peace on earth is not the time to call a halt on devoting all that we have to promote peace between men and God. Greater tasks than ever are before the present generation and these make earnest, united effort more than ever necessary.

It was for these reasons that the Student Volunteer Movement called a conference of selected student leaders to meet at Northfield, Massachusetts, January third to sixth, in place of the usual quadrennial convention. In response, some eight hundred students, professors and other leaders came together, from thirty-six States and from every province of Canada, to consider the present world situation and to face the responsibilities thrust upon the Christian forces in colleges and universities to help extend the Kingdom of Christ among all nations. Under Dr. John R. Mott's presiding genius, the program was particularly effective and the students were unusually responsive.

Dr. Mott's opening address called attention effectively to the fact we are living in a shaken world. "The pillars of civilization, on which we prided ourselves at the time of the Kansas City convention, are broken. Education has proved insufficient, for the most highly educated nation in the world has become the most dangerous. The world is struggling beneath an almost intolerable load of debt, physical suffering,

disease and moral failure. Europe and the West must now be moulded anew. While the world is responsive and teachable is the time to strike the hardest blow that Christian forces have ever struck to shape the world's life according to the unchallenged principles of Christ-changeless amid all the change that has been sweeping through the world."

One of the most picturesque and impressive sessions of the Con- ference W.lS on the closing evening, when sixteen students from foreign lands presented, in short, stirring talks in most creditable English, the needs of their countries for help from their Christian brethren in North America. These students come from Syria, Armenia, Liberia, the Philippine~, Japan, China, Argentina, Salvador, Brazil, Bolivia, Uru- guay, Porto Rico, Ceylon and India.

Other speakers, including Robert E. Speer and Robert P. Wilder, who helped to found the Student Volunteer Movement; Dr. James L.

Barton and Bishop McDowell, emphasized the great responsibility rest- ing upon our colleges in view of this world situation. A deep impression made was that hundreds of students would go from this conference back to their colleges, ready to lead their comrades into undertaking a task which cannot be discharged by simply gathering funds for foreign mis- sions, or even by sending some of their number as foreign missionaries.

As one of the speakers expressed it, "we must evangelize the unevan- gelized portions of life itself." Christian principles must be given wider application within the college communities themselves'. Only a task great enough and hard enough to challenge all the resourcefulness and energy of the students of North America should be set before them.

This conviction led to the drafting of the following program, which was enthusiastically adopted: I. To enlist 200,000 different students in study and discussion of Christian principles based on: (a) The life and teaching of Jesus Christ; (b) the need of these principles in the world today; (c) the need of these principles in North America today.

2. A call for decision on the part of students to live these prin- ciples, at whatever cost, on the campus in the nation and in the world.

3. A sufficient number of qualified men and women to evangelize the world in this generation.

4. At least one-half million dollars during the academic year, 1918-1919, for the evangelization of the world, and sufficient funds to meet our obligations to the War Wark.

The student leaders expect close co-operation between the colleges and the churches in carrying out these proposals. The funds raised are to be expended through the regular denominational agencies to which the colleges are related; through interdenominational agencies, such as union colleges on foreign fields, and through the work of the Student Christian Associations abroad.

SIGNS OF THE

The conference powerfully brought home the fact that, even in the midst of war, missions are of unprecedented importance and that the call for missionary expansion now, even while nations are under the weightiest of burdens, must be answered at all costs. It is for young men and young women to register their decisions for life work. Young men may be obliged to postpone special preparation and entry into the work of evangelizing the world because of obligations to their country in its time of need; but the determination of a great life purpose will make all the richer their experience in national service. It will mak.e their influence larger among their fellows, and amid the restlessness and confusion of the days of readjustment following the close of the war, they will have a clearer goal toward which they can immediately direct their steps. The spirit engendered and manifested at Northfield may be expected to produce a powerful effect throughout the United States and Canada by extending the spirit of devotion, sacrifice and loyalty to Christ, with a readiness to serve men of all nations and to lead them into the Kingdom of God.

CASTING OUT THE DEMON T HE effect of intoxicating drink is strikingly like the Biblical reports of demon possession. '{he loss of self-control and of self-respe~t, the tendency to yield to base passions and the evil consequences that follow, all show the kinship between the two forms of evil-spirit, and yet, in spite of all the disability, poverty, disease, murder, arson, cruelty, immorality and other forms of crime that have resulted from the use of intoxicants as a beverage, the governments have continued to license their manufacture and sale.

For many years temperance and total abstinence societies, prohibi- tion parties and anti-saloon leagues have fought to deliver men from the degrading habit of strong drink, and have battled to make the traffic illegal. Preliminary skirmishes have occasionally been won, but it has taken the great world-war, with all its suffering and horrors, to bring nations to their senses. Russia at one stroke abolished vodka, to the inestimable blessing of the people; France also banished absinthe. England, however, still fears to grapple with the evil, and crime, im- morality and inefficiency continue to be the products of the distillery, the brewery and the saloon in the Briti::.h Isles.

In America a great victory has been won. Following the action by the House of Representatives, the United States Senate has passed, by a large majority, a resolution embodying an Amendment to the Constitution which, if ratified by the separate States, will prohibit the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation or exportation of all alcoholic beverages. The Constitution itself provides that such, an , Amendment must be ratified by three-fourths of the .states by legislative

action; the Congressional prohibitory Amendment gives them seven years to make this ratification, and states that the Amendment shall take effect one year after its ratification. Thus, if thirty-six States ratify tfle Amendment within the next seven years, the United States will be ''bone dry" in 1926. The Mississippi and the Virginia Legislatures have already ratified the Amendment.

Clergymen, women, business organizations, physicians and educators have all advocated temperance. Economy, morality, health, business efficiency and intellectual advancement, as well as Christian ideals, aU argue for the destruction of the drug habit and the drink traffic. It is earnestly to be hoped that a campaign of education will be launched in every citY and town of every State and territory to convince the people that their own welfare and that of the nation demands the adoption of the proposed Amendment to the Constitution.

Already patriotic citizens in every part of the nation are lining up on the side of national prohibition. Towns and cities are refusing to license saloons. Washington, the national capital, is "dry"; breweries are advertising the manufacture of non-alcoholic beverages, distilleries are being turned into commercial alcohol plants, ice-plants and bakeries, and saloons are going out of business.

Even before the States take their final action great benefit may be expected from the action of Congress. The drink traffic is discredited; during the war, millions of tons of grain are saved for food; much alcohol will be reserved for medical and commercial uses, temptation will be lessened or taken from multitudes of men and women, and immense sums of money that have been worse than wasted may now be set free for constructive work.

There is reason to hope that the demon of strong drink will be cast out, but after that-what? Will seven other worse demons come in his place? For any permanent good the Spirit of God must come to dwell in the individual American, and must control the ideals and the program and the forces of the nation. Driving out evil is not sufficient. The door must be opened to admit the good-the supreme good-God.

" TCONSTRUCTIVE STATESMANSHIP IN CHINA HE present situation in the world is unique in the history of the Christian religion; unique in opportunity, unique in danger, unique in responsibility, unique in duty. The Church is confronting a rapidly climaxing world-crisis; stupendous changes are constituting the greatest single opportunity which has ever confronted the Christian religion, and it is an opportunity that will not linger." This statement is as true in regard to China as it is in regard to the world as a whole.

Unique situations demand statesmanlike methods. For one hundred

I 5 ] SIGNS OF THE

and ten years Protestant missionary forces have been at work in China, and today over 140 societies, with 5,744 Protestant missionaries, are located in 9 I7 stations with 6,222 out-stations. For the most J)a'rt these workers have been laboring independently, often overlapping, whue luge regions were neglected. Many missions have had no large, Sarreaching policy, but have been content to work, each in its own field, without reference to the whole problem, and knowing little of what others were doing.

In the last five years a decided advance step has been taken in cooperation between Protestant organizations, and the good result5 are already evident. Without discrediting denominational beliefs and policies, the Protestant missions in China have for five years been working out a basis for co-operative effort. The China Continuation Committee was founded in Shanghai on March 15, 1913, at the time of the visit of Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman of the Edinburgh World Missionary Conference. The purpose of this committee is to survey the whole field of China, to study the main problems of Chinese evangelization, to take stock of the forces at work for the physical, moral, educational and spiritual uplift of the people, and to bring these foree5 into cooperation so far as is practicable, to bring the whole Message of Christ to the whole of China. Missionary leaders and Chinese Christians were convinced that there must be some such international and interdenominational body formed to unite and direct the forces now at work in China.

The reports of the general and sub-committees are printed in the China Church year book, and show the excellent results of the Continuation Committee work. The central offi.ce has been a clearing house for missionary information, and a center from which informatioo and inspiration have been scattered. Many of the results will appear only as the years go by, and will be indirect. The greatest effect has been the spirit of fellowship among missionaries and the increased readiness to co-operate. As in other countries, the functions of the Committee have not been legislative and executive, but consultative and advisory.

Some of the recent achievements of the China Continuation Committee should be duplicated in all mission fields. They mark a decided advance in missionary statesmanship: ( I) The Bureau of Information has served the missionary force, the native church and the secular press. Books on evangelism, prayer and other subjects have been listed; bulletins have been published describing evangelistic plans and methods in various parts of China and India. ( 2) The Committee has a}j() taken up many problems, such as needy fields, breaches of comity, the location of new missions, simplified writing of Chinese, etc. (3) Valuable statistics have been gathered and published, as have also charts and reports of various departments of work. (4) The Committee has been a decided force in promoting comity and co-operation; has helped

.direct the preparation of missionaries; has promoted the distribution of Christian literature, and has united forces in advance evangelistic effort. (5) The Committee has acted in behalf of all societies in giving r.elief to missionaries and institutions brought into distress through the war.

Probably the greatest benefit of this union Committee is the broad -vision it has given to the whole missionary force, and the impulse that has come to view the task as a whole and to lead all societies to unite .in making adequate plans for the future of the Church in China. Some of the items in the program for the present year are plans for the Eddy Evangelistic Campaign, a pronouncement on the attitude of the Church toward ancestor worship, the promotion of family worship, plans for better Bible study, etc.

Many influential missionaries believe that still greater benefits .would be realized if the members of the Continuation Committee were elected by their missions, and if their decisions were made legislative .and mandatory. The time may come when such a body will be created in each field, having executive powers. In the meantime, emphasis is laid on the need to cultivate the spirit of unity and on the prime necessity for dependence on spiritual methods and the power that comes only from God.

NATIONAL PROGRESS IN CHINA I F THE war in Europe had not so absorbed our attention during the past three years and a half, the events in China would have com- · manded more notice. The changes that have taken place are in part the result of silent forces long at work, and in part they are the effect of disturbances elsewhere. Their significance is such that in ordinary times the whole world would pause to attend. There has been the death struggle of a passing civilization-strife to regain autocratic '-control, renewed or intensified by the strife in Europe. The silent forces have been education and Christianity, the foundation of true civilization.

Seventeen years ago the Boxer outbreak brought about the downfall of the old order in China. Six years ago the monarchy was overthrown and the new order established. Few Westerners realize the full. significance of the change, or understand the value to civilization, if the ·struggle for Christian liberty is successful.

The new order has been full of uncertainty, with four presidents and two brief monarchical restorations in the six years. Local disturbances, sectional disorders and national suspense have followed. There have ·been discussion, fighting, pillage; but, on the whole, little bloodshed and a general progression toward security and order.

After the monarchical movement of Yuan Shih-kai ended with his ·sudden death the people hoped for order and progress. Then a conflict arose between the military and the republican parties that culminated in

OF THE

a seven-day restoration of the boy Emperor. While democracy suffered a temporary check, it is evident that the monarchy is gone forever. There is still conflict between republican and militarist, and it is expected that the issue of the struggle will still be constitutional liberty.

The movement to restore Confucianism as the State religion was one reactionary attempt of the year. This was opposed not only by Christians, but by Buddhists, Mohammedans and others. The failure of the attempt is considered an assurance that religious liberty will prevail.

The Christian missionaries, the Young Men's Christian Association and other quiet forces have been shaping the ideals of the Chinese of influence and of students for their part in local and national affairs. Schools, literature, lectures, educational conferences, athletic meets, health campaigns and evangelistic efforts have contributed much toward raising the ideals of the people. National Christian leaders have been trained and churches are growing in self-support.

Presidents and teachers of government schools have reiterated the testimony of former years that the old religions do not sustain the character of their students, that the new patriotism does not do it, for it flares and wanes and selfish interests ever recur. "What is needed," thev say, "is a force to stay the characters of men in a changing civi1izatio~, and to center their unselfish thought on their country's need." Christianty supplies this need.

China has now over half a million Protestant Christians, of whom 295,000 are communicants in 4,000 churches. There is an increasing number of national leaders in educational and public life who are coming out on the side of Christ.

A STAND AGAINST IDOLATRY IN INDIA O NE of the striking developments of the mass movements in India is the .way in which the missionaries are enlisting the influence of the Chaudhris, the natural village leaders. Rev. Rockwell Clancy, of Allahabad, tells a remarkable story of a group of Chaudhris who were asked to join together in a fight against idolatry, heathen festivals, feasts for the dead and the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs. After consultation the Christian preacher wrote down what they had promised, and they made their marks with their thumbs dipped in ink. Not long after, when some of these. men were at a wedding at which an offering was made at a heathen shrine, these Chaudhris refused to eat of the idolatrous feast. The same Chaudhris are now talking of building a small church or schoolhouse in their village where they can have worship on Sundays and school on week days.

In other parts of India, thousands of people whose names are recorded for baptism are not yet baptized because the missionaries cannot supply teachers as fast as the people want to come.

JBDXTOruAlL COMMENT ~

~"UG1JI law LKriI"er7; LHHJ I ~iRi,,' , 'Vj) FIRST-OUR COUNTRY OR OUR GOD O NE of the great lessons to be learned from the present war and the causes that led up to it, is the obvious one that the world is greater than anyone country, humanity is greater than any one race, and the Church of Christ is greater than anyone denomina- tion. It takes a world war to draw some of us out of our provincialism and out of sectarianism. .

It is unquestionably best for mankind that patriotism should be promoted so that each citizen may have the incentive to develop the resources of his own country, and take a pride in seeing his nation stand for the best. As men are constituted, it is also good that ev~ry Chris- tian should be loyal to his own particular creed and denomination, so far as that branch of the church is truly loyal to Christ. The time has come, however, when every intelligent man or woman must place the wel- fare of the world before the prosperity of his own country, when the needs of men of any land or race must have prior claim to the comforts and luxuries of family and nation. The same is true of the Church. One who thinks that his own denomination comprises the Church of Christ must be blind and deaf; one who fails to realize that all men have an equal right to the blessings of Christ's gospel has not yet comprehended that gospel.

The war must lead us to recognize the fact that "God hath made of one. blood all nations for to dwell on the face of all the earth," and that what affects one must affect all. One nation cannot be selfish or heathenish and other more enlightened nations not be contaminated.

The world to be safe must be safe for all. Mankind to be saved must all be saved-as individuals.

The war makes clear the other fact that men must unite on a program-not each section work on an individual scheme and theory.

There must be unity, if not union. The churches must face their com- . mon task together-recognizing individuality, but making sectarianism subject to the whole Christian program.

A paper has recently been sent out by the "Advisory Council on Americanization to the United States Bureau of Education" calling for united action of all forces to train into American citizens the 66,643 aliens who are subiect to draft. Many of these Italians, Poles, Hun- garians, Russians, Jews and others cannot speak Endish. There are T,500 foreign-language newspapers published in the United States and many of them are anti-American in spirit and ideals. The unnaturalized and undigested alien element is a menace to the best American ideals, and is often anti-Christian. The registration and drafting of these aliens and un-American residents furnish a great opportunity to educate them in the English language and in American institutions. Those of military age and others registered may well be required to attend classes in camps, cities and factory centers conducted by carefully selected teachers. The foreignlanguage press should be used to print a series of educational articles, and speakers should be sent out to lecture. At the same time the Christian churches should co-operate to train these same millions in a thorough understanding of Christian standards. The "America-First Campaign" may well be accompanied by a "Christianity First" campaign. These aims and ideals are not at all antagonistic or inharmonious. As a matter of fact, the best Christians are the finest patriots, and a man can serve his country best by seeking first the Kingdom of God.

A WAR PROGRAMME FOR YOUNG PEOPLE A N eminent English minister well expressed the Christian's supreme responsibility when he said: "Any religious effort which tends to build up the spiritual side of man's nature is doing as much 10 win the war and to make the war worth winning as all the armaments of the world. The great empires of the world fell because they became decadent, not in material strength, but in spiritual strength."

In a leaflet issued just before sailing for two months' service in England and France, Dr. Daniel A. Poling, associated President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, has set forth the duties and opportunities of the present year in a spiritual enlistment pledge.

"Believing that the present war puts a peculiar responsibility for larger and better service upon the Christians of America, and that it is possible for all to serve in some capacity, I will as a religious duty, and for the sake of my country and my fellow men, pledge myself to some or all of the following methods of universal service: No. I.-As a soldier or sailor, or in the hospital service, I will strive always to act as a Christian, loyal to God and country.

No. 2.-1 will during the coming year seek to increase in some measure the world's food- 8l1pply.

No. 3.-By food-economy and by wise thrift 1 will strive to prevent needless waste, that others may have more.

No. 4.-1 will preserve, so far as 1 may, the fruits and produce of the soil for future use. No. 5.-1 will engage in some form of Red Cross relief work, contributin~ money or making needed articles for those who are fighting our battles at the front. No. 6-1 will endeavor by svmpathy, prayer, personal correspondence, and in other ways to help one or mor."e of the men with the colors. No. 7.-Realizing that there is ·especial need to keep the fires of religion burning brightly in· these serious and critical days of war, 1 promise renewed allegiance to my church and to the meetings and work of my Christian Endeavor society. No. 8.-1 will strive to keep free from rancor and personal hate, and when the war is over 1 will do my utmost to promote the spirit of Christian fellowship among the denominations and the races in our own country and among the nations of the world.

There are also suggestions for organized correspondence j work for soldiers' dependents j Christian Endeavor rallies in camps, assistance to chaplains and other methods of service.

MOHAMMEDAN SCHOOL BOYS GOING OUT FOR STREET

ON CHRISTMAS DAY-CHENGCHOW, HONAN THREE GENERATIONS OF CONVERTED MOSLEMS, KIANG-SI PROVINCE Practical Results of Work for Moslems III China

Moslems of Central

BY THE REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem World; Author of "The Disintegration of Islam," etc.

China has a Moslem population estimated at between five and twenty millions. During the SlImmer of 1917 Dr. Zwemer visited China in the interest of Christian work among Moslems. He was unable to reach the distinctively Moslem provinces, Yunnan in the southwest or Kansu in the northwest, on account of the disturbed condition of the country. The uprisings between factions in Szechuan and Yunnan Provinces, and the difficulty of traveling so far by cart in the limited time at his disposal, made it impracticable to go there. He did, however, touch nine other provinces on a journey of over 4,000 miles by rail and saw Islam at close range in the provinces of Honan and Hupeh.- EDITOR.

H ONAN PROVINCE has a Moslem population of 250,000 and . Hupeh of only 15,000. On our recent visit through nine provinces we discovered that Moslems are found at all the great centers of traffic, as for centuries they have been engaged in the carrying trade. They are also prominent as butchers and restaurant keepers, while a considerable number are found in the armies, both of the monarchists and of those loyal to the republic.

Honan Province· is rich in coal and iron and the soil is fertile for .the most part. Three railways cross the province and make the centers of population easily accessible: the Peking-Hankow line from North to South, the Kaifeng-Hsuchowfu, and the Kaifeng-Shensi line via Honanfu and Tungkwan Pass. It is destined to pass on beyond Honanfu into Kansuh Province and will be the great future highway irito Central Asia. Honan was once notorious as one of the most anti- foreign provinces. Kaifeng, the last of the provincial capitals to open its gates to the missionary, was occupied in 1902. Until 1900 the province had only three Protestant missionary societies. After the Boxer uprising others followed until now 121 missionaries, representing nine societies, are located in forty stations.

Hupeh is the central province proper of all China, and Hankow, with its twin suburbs of Wu-chang and Hanyang, already has a popula- tion of 1,770,000. In the opinion of some of the residents, this Chinese Chicago and Pittsburgh, with railways, steel and iron works and arsenals, is destined to be not only the commercial metropolis of China but perhaps the largest city of the world.

Although, therefore, the number of Moslems in other provinces may be greater, those in Central China are most accessible and are sure to influence the others of their community out of all proportion to their numbers. The new mosque being built on so large a scale at Hankow, the schools for Arabic study at Kaifeng and Honanfu, and new indus- tries in the hands of Moslems at Chengchow seem to indicate the strategy of these cities for Moslem evangelization also.

Islam dies hard. While visiting the Tung-Ta-Sslll mosque at Kaifeng-and there are six others as well as seven mosques for lVomen-we were shown the ornamented wooden cases in which tqe Jewish scrolls were formerly kept when their synagogue was still· standing. The remnant of the Jews took refuge here and at last became Buddhists. Their old copies of the law found there went to Christian hands, but the empty case rests as a memorial in the mosque. How typical it seemed of Islam in China, with all its Jewish ritual and pharisaic punctiliousness in regard to diet and defilement, while the testimony to the Messiah is neglected!

We found the Moslems at Kaifeng generally friendly, and although it was the fast month one of the Ahungs promised to preside at a general meeting in a Chinese theatre, arranged by the missionaries of the Southern Baptist Society and the Canadian Church Mission. Another Ahung, the watchdog of the mosque, rather discouraged it and this ruling elder was apparently afraid that their broadminded Ahung who had been in Peking would be led into a trap. Our meeting in the theatre with lantern slides proved a great success as regards numbers. The place was packed and the police kept a crowd outside at bay while nearly a thousand people were inside, more than two-thirds of them Moslems.

Moslems here frequently attend the preachipg services at the missions. Many Moslem children are in the schools and the only question that seems to arise is that of providing specially cooked food for Moslem boys who are boarders. The most important question is that of abstaining from pork in every form, and when one sees the swine of Honan and their filthy habits one's sympathy is with the Moslems. Every restaurant or food shop kept by the Mohammedans has a special license from the Ahungand one can soon recognize the Moslem quarter by the "tea-kettle" signs with some Arabic words from the Koran concerning the lawfulness of pure food only. This sign board, cillled "paiza," has on it not only a crude representation of the ablution kettle used in the mosques but other symbols such as the cloud and the pomegranate, which show traces of Buddhist or Nestorian influence. According to Professor P. Y. Saeki, the Nestorian Christians about the ninth century suffered such persecution that many of them lapsed into Islam. Many Moslems of China are, therefore, in a real sense "prodigal sons."

At Chengchow the Rev. W. W. Lawton, of the Southern Baptist Mission, has for many years been in close touch with the Moslems. Many of them attend the church, and some have been baptised. Within the city walls there are 1,000 Moslem families, while some 600 families live outside. There are five mosques for men and two especiaUy for women. Arabic is taught to the boys and girls. This is an old Moslem center as it is at the cross-roads of busy traffic north, south, east and westwards.

We had two services for Moslems with about one hundred present

THE MOSLEMS OF CENTRAL CHINA

in each case. All of them belong here to the Hanifi sect and I was surprised at the number of books in their mosque library.

We visited Chinghua, but the Mohammedans live outside of the town in the western suburb and our time was too short to meet any of them. By taking a branch railway toward the coal mining district as far as the terminus and after that a tramp of fifty Ii through mud and rain storm we reached the important center of Hwaiching, a station of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission and a center of Moslem education. There is a large school for girls and another for boys. The Ahung read Arabic and Persian fluently and spoke the former fairly well. Their grammar is faultless but the standards of pronunciation are peculiar. At first it is difficult to understand them, although they seemed to have no difficulty in understanding me. The strong Arabic R becomes an L, the B a P, and all the final vowels are carefully pronounced in pedantic fashion. This is not only for the sake of grammatical correctness but in conformity to the open syllabic character of Chinese transliteration; e.g., haram becomes halamu, quran becomes kolanu, wajib wachippu, and strangest of all, one must recognize al Bukhari in the. form of al Bulakhali. The strong guttural 'ain is not pronounced, so that the Arabic '!sa becomes Ersa-Jesus.

A HOT ARGUMENT A meeting in the largest mosque had been arranged and I spoke on the "Five Pillars of the Faith." There was an argumentative Ahung named Chow, a petulant Pharisee, whose chief attraction was his ability to roll his eyes. After my address the Ahung waxed hot in argument and spoiled his own case. He afterwards said that the reason for his so doing was to save his face before the other Ahungs and also to keep the ignorant people from thinking that the two religions were the same.! He and other Ahungs, together with a large company of the faithful, called on us and I took occasion to say to Chow, in the presence of the gathering, that his statements of the morning that the Jesus Society was there to spoil Mohammedans was hardly substantiated by the facts -that the foreigners have built hospitals and schools, not to mention other phases of the work. He did not have much "face," especially when some of his followers shouted out, "No, no, no, you do not injure people." The Moslems are called by the Chinese "the people who fast."

The Ahungs were deeply interested in politics and wanted to know all about the war, but they had no knowledge, even at second-hand, of affairs in Mecca. No prayer is offered in this part of China for the Khalifa. The Imperial Tablet, in honor of the emperor, has been removed from its prominent position since the declaration of the Republic. In some mosques we found it in the back yard, in other places it was covered up. The use of incense, however, continues and is universal throughout China. '

The architecture of the mosques of Central China is thoroughly national and therefore the ornamentation is often Taoist, Buddhist, or Confucian in character, with dragons and other symbols of idolatry. When I called the attention of one of the priests to this, he remarked "Halamu, halamu I" It is forbidden but we cannot help it, we are in China I Another peculiarity of the mosques here is that the Mihrab is often built as a recess with very large dimensions. One was twenty feet in width and had tables and chairs, making it the seat of honor. Arabic inscriptions abound on the walls of the mosques, and often over the doors of the houses. Chinese Moslems have done the same things with the Arabic script that they have with the Arabs' religion: they have rounded the corners and tipped the characters over so as to incline to the Chinese angle and resemble Chinese characters. With a little practice, however, this sort of script becomes quite legible.

At Hsin Hsiang Hsin, another center in Honan, we met an Ahung named T'ang-who, who belonged to the Shathali sect of Dervish Orders. He had the Koran in thirty parts to be read in Ramadan. The inscription on the ornamental cover-case was in Arabic-"This box contains all the learning of the world." I secured a stick, in use for keeping the children at school, inscribed on one side in Chinese, "Noo Toim Mosque," and on the other in Arabic, "A blow from your teacher is worth all th~ kindness of your parents." There are said to be about 700 families here but there is only one mosque. In another mosque in this vicinity we found the scourge in use, which consisted of a rod about two feet in length with heavy oxhide thongs, a deadly weapon, and used to punish wine drinkers, adulterers, etc.

At Honanfu we met in the great Eastern Mosque an Ahung named Liu, rather self-important but better than his neighbor. He was suspicious and did not like my statement that we were Christian Moslems. He had several noted books on Mysticism, "The Perfect Man," "The Jewels" of Sha'urani; Persian books on Sufism, Persian sermons, Arabic grammar in manuscripts, and great volumes on jurisprudence. He did not want to speak about old and new sects. He said, "You Christians are divided, i.e., Catholic and Protestant, but Islam is it unit." When I pressed him a bit farther by mentioning points of difference, he reluctantly admitted that there were slight differences of belief. We saw the brass drum to be used during Ramadan to awaken the people before dawn to fast. In another mosque there was an Ahung named Ts'ai. He was from Szechwan and did not understand Arabic very well. We asked him why the Chinese did not circumcise their boys and veil their women. To save his face he said: "We do have these customs, but then you know," making a wry face, "Chinese find that the Arab customs are so bothersome," etc.

In Honanfu, within eight Ii of the city, there are twelve mosques and over 1,000 families. Three missionary societies work here: the

I 8] THE MOSLEMS OF CENTRAL CHINA 9S

China Inland Mission, the Lutherans, and the Roman Catholics. The Ahungs seems to have a large collection of Arabic and Persian literature. Many of the books dealt with Mysticism.

We met everywhere with friendliness and no signs of fanaticism, save in the matter of diet. Food was served us, but on no occasion do I remember that Moslems were willing to partake of Christian food in return, even a cup of tea was politely refused. One of the peculiarities of Islam in China is the emphasis laid everywhere on the question of diet and ablution. Moslem restaurants, butcher shops, bakeries, etc., have a special sign to direct the Faithful lest he be defiled by heathen food. Hogs are so common everywhere in China that Moslems make a special effort to defend themselves against this religious abomination. A special soap factory exists at Chengchow, in Honan Province, for the manufacture of soap that is ritually clean. One of the advertising circulars came to our hand bearing at the top the new flag of the Chinese Republic and the Turkish flag as well. The Arabic and Chinese text, recommending the soap, states that it is manufactured for the glory of God and the good of Islam, for fear that Moslem prayers may be abrogated by using soap for ablution which contains lard and other impurities. The circular closes with the pious wish that God may bles.; this effort for the good of the True Believers and is dated I335 A.H.-I9 1 7· I cannot better sum up the impressions of my visit than by giving our experience in the new mosque at Hankow. 'The old Ahung was a delightful host and explained the reason for prayer being held in an adjoining house. He allowed us to photograph the building operations and the pulpit. On the table we found a large collection of Arabic and Chinese literature, among others a little Arabic pamphlet, "Do You Pray?" published by the Nile Mission Press. and which had found its way here months ago through the efforts of Mr. Rhodes of Chefoo. He not only engaged in conversation on the Scriptures, but joined us with all who were present, in a Christian prayer in the mosque. It all seemed very different from the spirit of Arabia and Egypt.

Confucianism has not only torn the veil from Moslem womanhood in China. but has undermined the spirit of fanaticism, Chinese etiquette, their high regard for rules of civility toward strangers, their love of fair play in argument, all these have modified the spirit of Islam.

A great opportunity lies before the Church in China. but it is neglected. Not a single worker has been especially set apart or oualified by study of Arabic for the task. When the missionaries met in council at Chigunshan, Honan Province, in regard to the Moslem problem, they passed the following resolutions which I would press upon the attention of all the societies concerned: "We consider this province of Honan to he in a peculiar position of strategic importance touching the Moslem problem of Northwest China, for the following reasons:

"I. The province contains a large Mohammedan population, amongst whom are the leading and most progressive merchants; the type of Mohammedanism prevalent in the province is Sufism, which ought to make its adherents peculiarly susceptible to the spiritual claims of the Gospel, and very a.ccessible to the Christian messengers; many Mohammedan children are to be found as pupils in the mission schools in the province.

"2. That in view of the above we consider steps should at once be taken to inaugurate and develop systematic work amongst Honan Moslems and request the coming Honan Evangelistic Conference to endeavor to co-ordinate the mission!; . in some definite policy and organization, if necessary, for the attainment of this ~~ "3. That where possible, in strong Mohammedan centres, missions should be asked to set apart missionaries who would give whole or part time to the local work of reaching Moslems.

"4. That particular attention should be directed to the children of Mohammedans attending tnission schools and to the families from which these pupils come.

"5. That missionaries could greatly foster work among Mohammedans by constantly keeping before Chinese Christians and workers the desirability of reaching their Moslem brethren and should encourage and help them in every way possible to do this work.

. "6. That the exceptional Moslem situation in Honan lays upon every individual missionary in the province a heavy responsibility for the conversion of these people, and provides a challenge to every member of this conference to deeper consecration in earnest prayer and effort on behalf of the Moslems of Honan."

There are already signs of a harvest among Moslems in China. Shall we not pray for the school boys who went out on Christmas Day with their new flag and banner, and for all Moslem converts and their families? One of our illustrations shows a converted family, three generations of Moslems from Kwangsi Province, who have accepted Christ. This man was the first Chinese baptised in Kweilin, in 1902. Subsequently his wife and old mother were baptised and all the children. For many years he has been a Church Missionary Society catechist and is now preparing for ordination. The first Chinese clergyman in Bishop Cassel's diocese was a Mohammedan of high birth.

Christian literature for Moslem readers in Chinese or better in Arabic-Chinese is very meagre, but steps .are now being taken by the Christian Literature Society to supply this deficiency. Alas, there is not a single missionary in all China acquainted with Arabic who devotes him- self to this work, and William Borden's high ambition and great life- purpose still challenge a successor to volunteer for the task. Of all Moslem peoples the Chinese Moslems are most accessible. Confucian ethics has torn the veil from Moslem womanhood in China and pre- vented or restrained the spirit of intolerance so common elsewhere.

The mosques and schools are open to visitors; Christian literature and discussion are welcomed. Their long isolation from the West and its Pan-Islamic program and the loneliness of these monotheists in the midst of vast idolatrous masses incline them to be· friendly to the mes- sengers of Jesus the Christ. S. M. Z.

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A CHINESE PRAYER MOTTO A PAGE FROM THE CHINESE MANU· SCRIPT OF REV. DING LI·MEI Center: Pray for One Another; Top: Name of Prayer Group; Left: CO'operate, Eph. 4:3; Right: Love, Forbear, Eph. 4:2 Bottom: John 14:13 The Prayer-Life of Chinese Christians BY DING LI-MEI, SHANGHAI, CHINA Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for the Ministry in China I N the history of the Christian Church, beginning with her Lord Jesus Christ Himself and continuing through His apostles, all Chris- tians who have been filled with wisdom and good works have held prayer to be a sacred service of prime importance.

The Gospel has now been preached in China for over a century, in her twenty-two provinces, as well as in distant territory like Mongolia and Tibet. Christian believers and inquirers number more than half a million. God has opened very wide the door for preaching the Word and for winning men to Him. Western and Chinese Christians alike will unite in acknowledging that the chief explanation for this is to be found in the great volume of prayer for China's redemption which has gone up from Europe and America, as well as from China. The prayerlife of Chinese Christians has commanded my closest attention from my youth up. During the ten years and more which I devoted to preaching in my native province, and the eight years which have followed in which my work has called me to many other parts of China, my ears have heard and my eyes have seen many things in regard to prayer, a few of which I wish especially to bring to the attention of the readers of The Missionary Review of the Worid.

I. The first ,veek in every year is a time )Vhen practically every Church in China holds special meetings for prayer, somewhat after the manner of the churches of the West. In some places cottage prayermeetings are held in rotation, and in others, bands of Christians go from village to village preaching. Blessed results have followed.

2. The prayerful observance of Christmas, Thanksgiving and other special days of prayer is growing from year to year, and much good has come from such observance.

3. In these days family prayers is the habit in too few Christian homes. There are many hindrances, yet we cannot fail to see that the absence of this habit has much to do with the spiritual weakness of many Christians.

4. In times of national stress, or when the churches have confronted difficult problems, circulars have been issued calling on all Christians to pray. Notable illustrations of this occurred when the Republic was founded and later when a constitutional limitation of religious liberty was threatening.

5. Every Christian school, hospital or other institution places an emphasis on prayer by conducting a prayer service once or twice a day.

6. The custom is growing of holding a special retreat of one or more days immediately preceding the annual gatherings of the various denominational organizations, and the universal testimony is that such retreats bring untold benefits.

7. The hearty response given by the churches to the suggestions of the Special Committee on the Promotion of Intercession of the China Continuation Committee evidences the important place which the Chinese Christians give to prayer.

8. Many Chinese Christians live constant and sincere lives of prayer. I want at least to mention two or three.

In Gimeh County, Shantung, there lives a very poor woman, Mrs. Liang by name, over seventy years of age. She cannot be called bright; she is unlettered, and has no eloquence of speech. But in her prayers she is exceedingly zealous and sincere, and they are mighty in their working, as all who know her acknowledge. When she entered the Church she was the only Christian in her family or village. Now more than eighty in her family and over twenty others in her village are Christians. All of her own family but one or two are Christians. Not far from her home a church has recently been built, with schools in it for boys and girls. Another school for boys has been opened in the village. Although the prayers of many have entered into this fruitage, it is safe to say that Mrs. Liang's prayers occupy the chief place.

In the Methodist Church in Peking there is another Christian woman, Miss Pan Yuan Ying, who is much given to prayer. Every morning she prays for at least 135 people by name. She has a weekly cycle of prayer which she follows day by day. In evangelistic work she

PRAYER-LIFE OF CHINESE CHRISTIANS

has much power. Those who hear her preach, whether Christians or non-Christians, are greatly moved.

In Shanghai Miss Dora Yii has opened a place for Bible study and prayer, and formed a Bible class for women. For all the expenses of this work, for her own personal needs, and for her work outside Shanghai, whether for Bible teaching or evangelism, she looks to God in trustful prayer. She is truly one of the prayer-leaders of the Chinese Church.

A PERSONAL TESTIMONY This brings me to my own personal testimony. From boyhood I have taken delight in conversing with my friends on prayer and Bible study. Even when in school I joined two or three of my most intimate schoolmates in secret meetings for prayer and the study of Holy Scripture. I also knew what it was to retire alone to pray for fellow- Christians in school and church, whose zeal had become chilled, or for other important objects. Many times was I conscious of the Lord's favor in answering my most fervent supplications throughout these early years. After finishing school I spent three years in theological studies, giving myself wholly to a search for Truth. During these years the number of fellow-pray-ers grew, until by 1899 my prayer list included 105 names, of which nine-tenths were students. The list has continued to grow, until now, in 1917, it numbers 2,347, and is divided into three classes.

The first class is composed of eighteen smaller groups, numbering from six to forty-eight each, made up of those who have all promised to pray every day for all others in the same group. I keep a separate list of each group. The eighteen groups contain in all 342 names.

The second class has only the names of those who have made individual covenants with me to pray one for the other, and includes pastors, principals of schools, teachers, doctors, merchants, and military men; it contains the names of both men and women, of Chinese and foreigners, of children of seven or eight and youths in their teens, and also those who live in non-Christian families. We mutually remember one another and sympathize with one another. The strength of this bond exceeds that of any merely natural bond by a thousand times ten thousand. In this class I have 1,760 names.

The third class is made tip of those whom I have voluntarily selected and especially delight in remembering before the Lord and who for the most part are carrying large responsibilities in some phase or other of the Church's work in Asia, Europe or America, such as Dr. John R. Matt and Dr. Sherwood Eddy, of America, and Dr. F. B. Meyer and Dr. R. F. Horton, of England, a list of 245 names in all.

As I think back over twenty years of experience in intercessory prayer, the longer I practice it, the more its importance grows on me,

I do not know all the benefits which others may have received through these prayers, nor does it matter that I do not. I cannot refrain from enumerating ten out of the uncounted blessings which I myself have experienced in the practice of this habit: (I) I am so much with the Lord that He seems my closest Friend.

(2) My spiritual life is refreshed like the sprouting grain with ram.

(3) Justice, peace and joy constantly fill my soul as the light fills the heavens and I get uncommon strength.

(4) When I study the Bible I seem to see heaven opened, and realize that I am having communion of heart with Christ Himself.

(5) When I talk about the Gospel in private or in public I have an unshakable confidence that the hand of the Lord is supporting me.

( 6) My love has been steadily expanded until I now am conscious of no man in the universe whom I cannot love.

(7) When I fall into sin, whether secret or open, whether great or small, I experience an immediate rebuke of conscience, which drives me at once to confession and repentance.

(8) In all my work for the Lord, although the results are not ~like .evident or immediate, I do not know of any effort that has been 10 vam.

(9) Intercessory prayer has greatly enlarged my circle of friends among God's co-workers, and through the Lord's kind care these friendships will never cease, but will continue to grow, thus far excelling the friendships of the world.

(10) And best of all, I am not the only one who is trying to persevere in intercession. Others in my own and in other Christian organizations, both men and women, in church and school and ministry, have likewise been banded together in similar covenants of prayer these same twenty years. 1 am personally acquainted with not less than ten who have their individual lists for prayer besides the cycles prepared for the use of groups. They are unanimous in their testimonies to the blessings of this habit.

I know that the picture I have presented of the prayer-life of the Chinese Christian is not complete, but I earnestly hope that this brief statement of what I have seen, and heard, and experienced, may be of help to some who read this testimony.

Are we praying for our missionaries and for the work in which they and we are engaged? If a million people were on their knees night and morning asking God to thrust out the men and women needed, and to move upon the hearts of the churches so that they would provide the funds needed for their maintenance and equipment, we would see such results as we have never seen and shall not see until we avail ourselves of the infinite resources of our God. There is urgent need now of prayer that is fervent and effectual.

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1I)I:.;r….. . 1I,.~ …1·.. /f._1 If,"Y.rM.Cir$ 1917 Lightening the Dark Continent BY PROF. WILSON S. NAYLOR, APPLETON, WISCONSIN Professor of Biblical Literature in Lawrence College, Author of "Daybreak in the Dark: Continent"

T HE term "Dark Continent," as applied to Africa, is of manifold meaning. For centuries without number only very narrow strips on very short sections of the coast line were known to th~ peoples of other continents. Its aboriginal, and, as usually understood, native peoples are of dark color. It is a land whose people are devoted to dark customs and practices.. It is a land wher~ religion is a thing of darkness and blind superstition, where an Ezekiel might summon his hearers to witness "what they do· in the dark, each man in the chambers of his iptagery," and might promise a revelation of greater abominations dian his hearers had ever seen.

The lightening of the Dark Continent has been a slow process. We do not know when the first rays of light flickered over the midnight darkness of this continent. Beyond the tracings of history it has been-

"The land dark as midnight, The land of the shadow of death, without any order, And where thcr;~ight is as midnight."

Job IO:22.

In the sources of the light that now break upon the Dark Continent. modern exploration, commerce and foreign governments should be mentioned as supplementing, and co-ordinating with, the light brought by Christian missionaries.

1. Exploration. It fell to three missionaries to give tpe greatest stimuli to modern exploration in Africa. Krapf and Rebman, on the east coast, learned from the natives of great inland seas, and of mountains covered with perpetual snow. They visited the mountains-Kenia; Ruwenzori and Kilima Njaro (19,000 feet). Livingstone, coming from the south, crossed the continent from east to west, discovered the Victoria Falls, Lakes Nyassa and Bangwoe!o, and explored the upper waters of the Kongo in his search for the sources of the Nile. The l'eports of these men so fired the imagination of civilization that explorers entered the continent from every angle. Burton, Speke and Grant made extensive explorations north of Livingstone's travels, which culminated in the discovery that Lake Victoria Nyassa was the principal source of the Nile. Henry M. Stanley began his exploration in the search of Livingstone, and the work went on with multiplied momentum until Africa was well known, touching its contour, elevation, temperature, rainfall, vegetable, animal and mineral resources, and its various peoples, with their languages and customs.

II. Commerce. After the world adjacent to Africa had passed the stage of literal hand-to-mouth living, doubtless the first trade on the border between Arabia and Egypt, or on the coast lines where any of the primitive ships might row, sailor drift, was the simple barter and exchange of goods to meet immediate need. Long before the forerunners of modern commerce entered Africa a prophet had seen it as a land whose tents were in affiiction. It remained for the Arab, beginning in the seventh century, and for the Portuguese of the fifteenth century, to establish and develop the foreign slave trade which robbed the continent of its man-power. It would thus be easy to say much of the pernicious trade in slaves and strong drink, as well as of the degrading influence of many traders, and yet it remains a fact that commerce has accomplished rlmch in the way of lightening the Dark Continent.

I met a young man, fifteen hundred miles north of Capetown, whose aggressive spirit of optimism was contagious. Upon asking his business I learned that he was the advance agent of Heinz's pickles. Possibly a dyspeptic might imagine that the African would get on very well without pickles, but these and all other commodities of legitimate trade have their mission in spreading the light. Some "Christians" years ago were shocked when a prominent writer welcomed the civilizing influences

LIGHTENING THE DARK CONTINENT

of trade, that he hoped to see develop into tens of thousands of miles of cloth per annum. The typical African clothing for those slightly touched by the influences of commerce is a long strip of cloth, about eighteen inches wide, wound round and round the body, as far as it will go. Some- times it covers most of the body, sometimes a very little; sometimes it is ;" draped to give a touch of the Roman toga effect. Now when it is recalled A COMMUNITY HOUSE IN THE WESTERN SUDAN that clothing is always one of the first steps toward civilization, the ambition to see trade develop into tens of thousands of miles of cloth annually becomes not only a laudable, but a mos~ practical, if not a spiritual, Christian hope.

Thanks to Fowell Buxton, Wilberforce, and other champions of African freedom, the commerce in slaves and ivory that so long dominated Africa has given place to an ever-increasing trade in diamonds, gold, copper, wool, cotton, feathers, hides, grains, rare woods, oils, domestic animals, etc. All this is having its effect on spreading the light, because the African, through incentives growing out of legitimate trade, is being delivered from the bondage of the corruption of idleness. Long :ago Fowell Buxton pointed out "that the deliverance of Africa is to be

effected by calling out her own re- PAGAN ZULUS-MAN AND WOMAN sources. It is the Bible of the plow that must regenerate Africa." commerce was measured by the Livingstone was so convinced of hundreds of millions of dollars; this truth that he forsook tradi- today, by the billion. Forty years tional missionary work for explora- ago there were no railways in tion, that thereby he might open Africa; now, over the thousands of Africa to legitimate commerce, miles where Livingstone toiled which in turn would develop the in- afoot great trunk lines of railways dustry of the African. extend from north, south, east and west. Numerous connecting and It is a comment upcm what com- feeding lines radiate through intemerce and its co-ordinate activities rior and .coast, making a· grand are doing in the lightening of the total of many thousands of miles of Dark Continent, that Central railway in operation, and projected Africa is now following daily the for immediate construction. course of the world war. Fifty years ago the commerce of Africa III. The foreign governments, was such a negligible quantity that from time to time interested in the Statesman's Year Book scarcely Africa, have also had their mission mentioned it. Twenty years ago its in lightening the continent. They were first concerned in maintaining ZAMBEZI MISSION BOYS IN SOUTH trading postsorpromoting sporadic AFRICA colonization schemes. They have ended in partitioning the entire continent among themselves. When all is said against the foreign· dom- ination of Africa there are but few well-informed people who would

JIS] LIG llTE,I'G TI IE D1 RK CO)JTTNENT

deny that for the most part foreign governments ha ve increa~ed tht' liglJt in Africa. They have established stable rule j they restrain savagery j prevent inter-tribal wars j suppress witchcraft, infanticide, burial alive; promote education, industry and .hygenic conditions. Exploitation has given way to the development of the country, and of the native, both industrially and intellectually. For instance, "starvation month," a period of about two months annually preceding the new crop, is gradl'ally being eliminated through the foresight and frugality of adequate provision for the entire year.

Perhaps modern gOHrnments A WEST AFRICAN MOSLEM and Christian missions find their IIis gown is covered with sacred amulets most common point of meeting in Africa in their joint recognition of the value of medical science in redeeming the Dark Continent. "No man can grow intellectually as long as he believes the fetich doctor can exorcise the evil spirits that make him ill, or sell him charms that make him well or gi ve him victory." It is a real discovery, transforming in its effects, when the African sees that there is nothing supernatural or superstitious III healing.

IV. Christian miSSIOns. After all is said of all that science has done, through exploration, commerce and government, in giving light to Africa, it yet remains true that real civilization can not be developed in a people without vital Christianity. "Simon Van der Stell, Governor of Cape Colony, sent a Hottentot boy to school, clothed him in military dress, hat bordered with gold, wig, silk stockings and a sword. He learned Dutch, Portuguese and other languages, and, on returning from India, where he had spent seven years, he threw his fine clothes into a chest, donned his carosse (a native skin robe), and taking nothing but his sword and his cravat went back to his people in the bush." It takes more than fine clothes and foreign tongues to make a Christian, Rev. James Bryant, of South Africa, wrote in 1849: "Of fourteen young men who have left my employ within two years, one has since been converted at another station, and, of course, clothes

himself; the other thirteen have gone back to their heathen friends and go as naked as ever. Wash a pig, shut him up in a parlor, and you may keep him clean for a while, but as soon as he is free, he will return to his wallowing in the mire. Change him into a lamb and he will at once abandon his filthy habits."

It should be expected that it would require much time and effort to teach the savage African "the beaten tracks of respectability." The surprise is that he adapts himself so readily to what he at first looks upon as a white man's importation, totally foreign to the black man. In 1816 there were only thirty mission stations in all of Africa. Two-thirds of these were on the southern point of the continent, and the remainder were scattered along the west coast. Up to Livingstone's time there had been some growth in Christian missions, but mainly around the few centres just cited.

Today, while there are vast stretches, notably in Portuguese Africa, the Kongo basin, and the Sudan (a total in square miles of much more than half the continent), without missionary station or itinerant, yet vast progress has been made in spreading the light of the Sun of Righteousness in the Dark Continent. In 1900 there were 560,000 Christian adherents in Africa; in 1910, 1,707,741, an increase in ten years of 196 per cent., or more than twice as many in ten years' time as the cumulative result of the hundred years of Protestant missions just preceding. Mr. W. T. Stead said that the development of Africa was due to three causes: foreign trade, foreign government and Christian missions; and that of these, the first had contributed the least, and the last the most to the development of the continent and people.

ASSUIT COl.LEGE. EGYI'T The American United Presbyterian Mission. One of the cetlters for enlightening the Dark Continent

A Soldier's Religion at the

BY REV. THOMAS TIPLADY, C.F.

Author of "The Cross at the Front" ("The Kitten in the Crater") I N eighteen months at the front I never met an avowed atheist. He cannot exist there. There may be atheists at the base camps. I do not know.. There are atheists at home but they either stay there or when they reach the front they realize that there are more things in heaven and earth than were dreamed of in their philosophy. They lose the enthusiasm on the subject of atheism which characterized them in the parks and at the street corners at home. They realize that atheism does not help men in the trench or when they are going "over the top." They may still have their own doubts as to the truth of Christianity, but they see that it helps those who accept it j and, amid the flying bolts of death, they are not prepared to destroy a dug-out so reliable and strong. They at least wish it were true and they think that, judging by its results, it ought to be true. They therefore hold their peace.

Mr. Arnold Bennett, the novelist who says that the war witnesses to the downfall of Christianity, has never lived at the front and will find no one there to support his views. The soldiers are not satisfied with the churches but they are satisfied with Christ. They do not want less Christianity, but more. Their complaint is not that the churches are too Christian, but that they are not Christian enough.

It is true that Christians love money, place, power and pleasure too much and do not embrace hardship, sacrifice and humble service as they ought as professed followers of Jesus Christ. Those who do live out their Christianity the soldiers regard as "White Men"; and they not only love and admire them but are ready to risk their lives for them. The ideal of Christ is so deeply stamped on their hearts that they judge everyone by it. It is their standard of measurement. They do not care two pins to what church a man belongs nor what creed he professes ta believe. All they care about is to see him following Christ. They themselves are men of action. They express their love of the right, true and free, not by words but by deeds. Their creed is not one of words but of wounds, hardship and death. They expect therefore like proofs of faith from Christians. What does it matter, they say, to what church a man belongs, or what creed he recites, if he is not like Christ and does not follow the example of Christ? To every Christian the soldier applies the measuring rod of St. James-"Show me thy faith by thy works." He is impatient of words. He wants deeds.

A chaplain at the front will lose all influence unless he has the courage to face danger and death. He, above all men, they think, ought not to be afraid, for he believes in and preaches the providential care of God

and the immortality of the soul. If heaven be a fact and not fiction, why should he fear to die? This point of view forgets how largely fear and courage depend on temperament and a man's physical nature, but it shows that the soldiers expect a man's faith to prove itself. If he is naturally of a nervous temperament and yet, despite tremblings and twitchings, forces himself forward into danger to do his duty and help his comrades, they think all the more of him and of his religion.

During a service in a field a shell fell a few yards from the chaplain. As they heard the sound of its approach everyone, soldiers and chaplain alike, instinctively rushed for cover. It was a most sensible thing to do, but the chaplain lost prestige because he ran with the soldiers. They thought that his superior faith in God ought to have held him to his altar. The officer who told me of the incident summed up the soldiers' view of the incident in a sentence: "His surplice did not save him."

Men expect faith to save and religion to work. The Christian, they think, ought to be the bravest of the brave. They are living in the midst of danger and death and they want something that helps them to endure. They have no use for shams and fiction. They want something real, wmething with a bottom to it. Atheism has no bottom. It has no reality. It does not help a man in a trench and so they have no use for it. Christianity is real. It has a foundation. It helps. They see the wayside crucifix and know what Christ did, was, and is. They know the courage Christianity gave to the saints and martyrs. They see daily the help it gives to officers and men around them, and so they want it.

The one spiritual need of the soldiers is Christianity; and it must be brought to them by men wao believe in it and are shaped by it. The American churches must send their best Christians to France. They must send them as chaplains, as officers, and as private soldiers. Christian huts are good, but Christian men are better. Christian huts are not allowed within four or five miles of the firing line as they would be in danger of shell-fire and might be turned into shambles; but men wearing the national uniform, whether as chaplains or combatants, have no such limitations. They are among their fellovvs in trench and billet, and their lives and teaching speak amid the burstings of shells and the cries of wounded. The first need of soldiers at the front is therefore for Christianity in the flesh, ·the Gospel incarnate. Give us men!

When the war came there was in France hostility between the State and the Church. There were faults on both sides. The priests and ministers who belonged to classes called up before 1905 and who were still of military age were allowed chaplaincies or put in the Army Ambulance Corps; but those in the later classes were compelled to serve as combatants like other men. As a consequence there are ministers serving as soldiers in every trench and battery. Vhat has been tpe result? One that was not expected, yet might have been. French interpreters tell me that the presence of Christian ministers in the trenches as comrades in

18 ] A SOLDIER'S RELIGION AT THE FRONT

arms has led to a religious revival. It has bridged the gulf that yawned between the churches and the manhood of France. The men are being won back to Christianity. They have seen its power in the lives of the ministers and have found that it helps them in their bitter need. Neither Christian huts nor books can take the place of Christian men. These are living oracles read and known of all men. Let the churches give their best men for service in the firing line.

In the British Army the chaplain 'has the rank of captain and the senior chaplains have the ranks of Majors lwd Colonels. The Principal Chaplain is a General. It has been found necessary to give them this high rank in order to enable them to do their work effectively. As a captain a chaplain can insist on proper opportunities being given to the men for worship, He can stand up for the spiritual work of the Army against officers who think little of anything but the physical training of the men. Officers become absorbed in their own duties and want all the time they can get with the men for military training. The chaplain rep- resents the spiritual side of things and his rank makes his representation effective, As captains demanding opportunities for the spiritual train- ing of the soldiers chaplains are minding their own business; and have as much right to ask for a parade service as any other captain would have to ask for a kit inspection. Our rank enables us to insist on the service being put in the regimental orders and in the order being properly an- nounced to the men. Also if any man has a moral or spiritual grievance we are in a position to have it put right. Without a high rank our work would suffer in a thousand ways.

The English Army has grown wise through the years, rt under- stands human nature, and the abuses of power; and it is with good reason that it has given the chaplain the highest starting rank of any branch of the service. The chaplain has the widest liberty of anyone in the Army. His rank gives him freedom and, on the other hand, his rank gives the Army power over him if he should abuse his freedom; for he is subject to the Army Rules and Regulations like any other officer.

The idea that our rank creates a gulf between us and the men is almost entirely without basis, Tt is a theory formulated at a distance from actualities and not an experience. As we are not responsible for the discipline of the men, we are allowed a freedom· of association not granted to combatant officers. While we meet the officers as equals we stand among the men as their spiritual representatives. We have no difficulty in approaching them and they have no hesitation in entering into conversation. They salute us and we acknowledge the salute, but, at the Front, a salute has the same meaning as a handshake in civilian life. It is an acknowledgment of comradeship in arms. Ranks vary but we are all soldiers. rt is the 11ason' s sign. Often the salute, especially among our own regiments, is accompanied with a smile; and our acknowledgment is accompanied with a "good morning" or "good evening."

Rank gives increased pleasure to a conversation or visit, for rank counts greatly in the army. Anyone who understands human nature, especially .soldier nature, will realize the value of rank to a chaplain. vVords are weighed according to the prestige of the man who utters them, and prestige is partly moral and intellectual and partly social. A man who has to be treated with respect by the Colonel will be regarded with respect by the private; and respect is the foundation of influence.

As captains we have a right of way to the officers and men in the dressing stations, trenches and billets; and we have a right to use the Regimental Orders, time and buildings. If the American chaplains forego this advantage they will live to regret it; for all rights and privileges in the army rest upon rank. It is rank that enforces rules. vVith- out rank they fall into abeyance.

While in the trenches and the little villages along the line one of the great spiritual needs of the soldier is a plentiful supply of good literature. There are no shops or stalls where he may buy books and he is too burdened with his equipment to be able to carry books with him from behind the Front. To get books in the trenches, or in the villages from which he goes out digging, he must either get them by post, carry them in his pack, or have them given to him by the chaplain with the regiment. There is no other way possible. There is, therefore, a great shortage of books where they are most needed. Only cheap editions should be sent out because the regiments have not enough transport to carry books from place to place. Books must be given away outright and allowed to circulate from man to man until worn out. No book is ever wasted. The demand for them is too great and the supply too small for any to lie unused. There is no demand for "goody-goody books." Those needed are good, strong sensible books with red blood in them; books that are really potted men. Provided the books are vital and real they are wanted from all sections of literature; for there are all types of men in an army. Poetry, essays, fiction, theology, history, biography, romance and travel, all are welcome; and all minister, if morally sound, to the spiritual needs of the men. But they need to be reasonably short, for the men have not time to finish long works. They should be sent direct to the chaplain of the regiment. They are usually given out to men who are resting in villages beyond range of the guns, or in camps at the Base. Every regiment has a chaplain. It is not necessary to know his name. If books are addressed to "the Chaplain of the – – – Regiment" they will surely find him, and finding him they will find the men.

There is one department of literature in which I would like to see America give a lead and break new ground. The Bible is too bulky a volume for a soldier's pocket. Therefore few carry one. The New Testament is, however, a very convenient size, and consequently mil- lions of copies have been given to the army; and every Christian soldier

A SOLDIER'S RELIGION AT THE FRONT

carries one in his breast pocket. But no one seems to realize the value of the Old Testament as a war book. Cromwell did, and fed his army on It until his men became Irresistible warriors. But no one since seems to have appreciated Its immense value to men on active service. I have seen thousands of New Testaments in France but never a copy of an Old Testament printed by itself. If the Testaments were both printed separately men would carry the Old in one breast pocket and the New III the otner. As, however, the Old Testament is three times longer then the New Testament, it would perhaps be better to make a selection of about one-third of the Old Testament books and print them together. nvery soldier fond of reading would make room for a book of such inspired wisdom and sweetness.

In the villages and towns behind the Front, and in the camps at the Base, the great need is for Christian huts. We want all the Church huts and Y. M. C. A. huts we can get. There cannot be too many and the good done by them cannot be overestimated. They have given pleasure and comfort to millions and have saved hundreds of thousands from sin and misery. The Y. M. C. A. ought to be supported with both hands. It is doing a magnificent work and will have a warm place in the affections and memories of our soldiers for half a century to come. Church huts are also needed. The churches will miss a great opportunity of doing good and of endearing their name in the memories of the soldiers if they fail to build huts for them. It is not enough to help the Y. M. C. A. The Churches must take the responsibility for their own members. The duty of each Religious Communion is to provide for the needs of its own men and it cannot escape this duty by merely helping the Y. M. C. A. or some other organization to care for them. Mothers should rear their own children, not put them out to nurse, if they wish to win their affection and acquire a dominant influence over their lives. The Churches cannot depute others to look after their soldier-boys and still retain their allegiance.

But, wherever they come from, we want huts all along the back of the Front and at the Base where men are encamped for rest and training. Then the workers in the huts and the chaplains in the regiments will be able to provide adequately for both the social and spiritual needs of the soldiers. The war is a magnificent opportunity for the Church of Christ to win to itself and Christ the manhood of the nation.

I believe that America will surprise the world by her military achievement. And I believe, with all my heart, that the Churches of America will rise to the full height of their magnificent moral and spiritual opportunities. May God bless all who fight for freedom and justice beneath the folds of the Star Spangled Banner.

A CHINESE WOMAN WORSHIPPING AT AN IDOL SHRINE NEAR CANTON

CAKES, FOWL AND PORK SOME CHINESE PREACHERS UNDER CARE OF DR. A. A. FULTON OF CANTON They reach yearly more than 10,000 persons in hundreds of villages and ma rket towns Contrast of Idolatry and Christianity In China

Days in South

BY REV. A. A. FGLTON, D.D., CANTON, CHINA Missionary of the Preshyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE Kwong Tung, or Broad East, province is one of the wealthiest and most populous of China's twenty provinces. The broad West River, and the North River, with many smaller affiuents, provide finest facilities for an immense water traffic, and the southern part of the province is a network of canals and small streams, making easy of access scores of large cities and thousands of towns and villages. The boat-life in Canton is one of the sights of a peculiar kind that cannot be equalled in any part of the world. Tens of thousands of people live in these boats, which are of every length, breadth, and height, from the small, fast clipper boat, fifteen feet long and four feet wide, the home of five persons, to the big salt and wood boat, the home of twenty or thirty persons. Not only at Canton, but on the innumerable streams, creeks and canals of the interior are found other tens of thousands of boats which are needed to carry produce to the different cities and markets on the banks of these streams. These rivers and canals provide the finest opportunities for carrying on the work of evangelization. The splendid facilities for reaching the vast multitudes in one of the most densely populated parts of the world have been very inadequately utilized; and the time has now come when every mission having work in these finely watered districts should have a boat, properly equipped and supplied with a band of workers, under the direction of a capable leader. Such a sailing boat could be had for $500, and would be one of the most economical and effective means of reaching thousands of villages, remote from chapels, and never visited by any evangelist. Twenty-five years ago I began work in a hired boat, taking with me a native doctor, a graduate of the Canton Hospital, and three evangelists. My work was confined to four districts in the southwestern part of the province. These four counties are the home of the vast majority of the Chinese now living in the United States. More than half of the Chinese in United States come from the San Ning District, which is one of the largest and most populous of these four counties. At that time it was next to impossible to secure even the meanest shop in any market or city for chapel uses. The prejudice was strong against our doctrines. For more than a year we used the boat, visiting hundreds of villages; and by dispensing medicine and by small surgical operations we gradually gained the favor of the people in certain localities. and were able to secure a shop in the outskirts of a market town. After more than two years of work in the hired boat, dispensing medicines and preaching in villages, we were able to gain entrance to half a dozen markets. For some years

we confined our efforts to securing openings in other markets; and with these chapels in our possession we could reach the villages adjacent. Today the old prejudice has vanished; we can go into any of these villages and people will listen as long as we have endurance to preach. Here is a magnificent outlook, with corresponding responsibility upon the Churches.

Idolatry is by no means dead, but the persistent attacks made daily in the seventy chapels and churches in these districts against the folly and cost of idolatrous worship are undermining the foundations of supersti- tions. Of this we have abundant proof. We had secured with great difficulty a small shop in a very undesirable locality outside of the wall of the city of San Ning. Prejudice was strong against us. At the end of two years we were able to obtain a piece of ground close to the west gate of the city, and in a much better locality. This ground was purchased by converts and a small building was erected. This building was attacked, and would have been destroyed but for the protection given by the magistrate, who affirmed that by treaty right we could not be dispossessed of the chapel. After a year's work better feeling prevailed, and with increased contributions from Chinese in United States we began the erection of a new Chapel. The Gentry strongly opposed us, and petitioned the magistrate to refuse protection. The magistrate gave protection, but refused permission to erect a building higher than the roof of the adjacent idol temple. W-e erected a building at a cost of $ 5,000, worth today $ IO,OOO, and have since added another story. The idol temple has been turned into a wood-shop, and four similar temples have been given over to business and government uses. The Church i~ now too small to seat the members, and already $IO,OOO has been subscribed towards a new building to seat 1,000 members. The present building will be used for school purposes.

At Chung Lau, another large market town, we began work in a small shop with half a dozen converts. After some years of steady hammering the shop was filled to overflowing with converts, and members opened subscription books towards a new building. The result was the purchase of a site at the cost of $3,000 and the erection of a building that cost $12,ooo-all by Chinese Christians.

When the work in these districts came under my care-about twenty-three years ago-we had six small shops for chapels and about forty converts. Prejudice was so strong against us that it was with great difficulty that we could retain our hold on the six shops. Nearly everyone of them was looted and the Christians persecuted. At Chik Hom, one of the largest markets, a shop was secured before I had charge of the work. The shop of one of the first converts was looted and the convert driven away; and for two years the shop was used by soldiers. Only after much litigation were we able to regain possession. A few weeks ago I was at Chik Hom. The old shop had long been given up and a

DAYS IN SOUTH CHINA

new building purchased for $2,500. This building is now inadequate to the needs of the work, and in less than half an hour $1,270 was subscribed towards a new building to scat 900 members. In the vicinity of this market, which is on the Yan Ping River, we have reached scores of villages, and there are still hundreds, that may be reached by boat, that have never been visited.

Today we confront the most unique and magnificent opportunities for wide-spread, unopposed, evangelistic work. Some years ago I took Robert Speer up one of the high hills which overlook the country near the city of Yan Ping. vVe counted 600 villages within a radius of about five miles, and in another part of the same district we counted 500 villages within a similar radius. These villages are nearly all new, built of brick, and are the homes of men who made their money in the United States. I reckon that more than ten millions of dollars have been spent in the past fifteen years in the erection of new villages, and new ones are being steadily built that show gradual improvement in lighting and ventilation.

These villages all lie wide open to evangelistic work, and we are planning to reach these villages as fast as we can command the sufficient number of workers. How are the villages of China to be most speedily and effectively reached? China may be compared to a vast forest, with millions of great trees, but with a dense growth of vines and creepers that make penetration almost impossible. Superst:tion and ignorance THE CHUNG LAU CHURCH IN SOUTH CHINA Tbis churc11 was begun in a small shop with ten or twelve converts. Now it Ius a large eongreg<'ltion that has purchased lallJ and built this !inl' rllt1rch at a cost of $1 ;") ,000

are the thorns and briars and jungle-grass that must be eradicated before we can get at the tall trees.

This we can do most effectively by putting a large force at work to remove obstructions. Today, with these great doors wide open and nearly off the hinges, and thousands of villages easily accessible, we find ourselves in a position like that which confronts our own land,. with a vast aggregation of merchandise and ships insufficient to meet the demand.

China will not be won by the reception of Christianity in the large cItIes. That they will have a large influence in support of our work is true, but we shall not win China until we have· the tens of thousands of villages in which by far the larger part of the people reside. The resident in the city may have left his village forty years ago, but he will speak of that village as his home, and the ancestral temple will be in the midst of the villages where his clan maintains and exercises complete control. The city of Canton is the largest and wealthiest in Asia, and tilere are thousands of villages within a few miles of the city, but they will not be evangelized because of the future sure predominance of Christianity in this city. They will require specific, persistent attention by opening schools and by continued and repeated visitation until a number of converts are found in each village, and then we may look for their final conversion.

"China's only hope-learning." So wrote one of her greatest Viceroys. Apart from Christianity, China had not advanced an inch in 1,000 years. China, with hundreds of millions of industrious men and women and with magnificent resources, is undefended, disorganized and practically at the mercy of Japan. How will China become strong? How did the British navy become strong? By eliminating obsolete ships and constructing new ones. By the expulsive power of Christianity the old superstitions that clog and hinder will be driven out, and the purified nation will start on a Christian basis, and all things become new. Thomas Reid once said to Congressmen: "To talk of doing something, by means of something, if you don't specify the thing to be done, or how to do it, is a waste of words."

HIS GIFT AND MIKE "Over against the treasury He sits who gave himself for me. He sees the coppers that I give Who gave his life that I might live. He sees the silver I withhold Who left for me his throne of gold. Who found a manger for his bed, Who had not where to lay his head. He sees the gold I clasp so tight, And I am debtor in his sight."

BUILDIlG OF THE LOS ANGELES BIBLE INSTITUTE

This fine building is splendidly equipped with all modern facilities for a "School of the Prophets,"

with aud1iorium, classrooms, dormitories, restal1rant, etc.

A Modern School of the Prophets The Bible Institute of Los Angeles and Its Work BY REV. J. H . SAMMIS, LOS ANGELES, CALlFORNIA A MONG the agencies for the speedier evangelization of the world, none is more significant, efficient and hopeful than the "Bible Institute and ~lissionary Training School" movement. Other agencies have proved inadequate to meet the conditions. The college and seminary process of making missionaries is slow. All men cannot spend seven years to fit themselves to tell "To sinners round vVhat a dear Saviour they have found." The Great Teacher Himself, did not ask more than three years to prepare men for that purpose; in fact, He sent out His first seventy in far less time than that, and ordained one man on the briefest acquaintance, bidding him go home to his friends and tell them how great things the Lord had done for him. Alarmed and ashamed at the meager achievements of eighteen or

twenty centuries of testimony, holy men of God, moved, we believe, by the Holy Ghost, resolved to prepare and scatter people who could not afford years of study· that they might, according to primitive methods, go "everywhere preaching the Word." Spurgeon, Guinness, Moody, Gordon, pioneers in this blessed work, were men of God-dear-eved, discerning the needs and opportunities of the time, and essaying t~ fill them; seers in the true sense, they foresaw the approaching apostasy, and prepared to meet it by training many men and women in the spirit· and letter of the VVord. They have sown the earth with a sound and godly seed-colporteurs, Bible women, church secretaries, pastors' assistants, teachers, evangelists, missionaries, founders and superintendents of Bible schools and colleges. The blessing of the Almighty rests upon their work, a fact which the China Inland, Africa Inland, and Christian Missionary Alliance Missions, as well as other efficient, independent groups attest; while the large contributions made for their support prove that they enjoy the confidence and commendation of the Church.

THE BIBLE INSTITUTES AND THE TRUTH While many professors and preachers everywhere are adrift, the Bible Institutes are holding fast to the old anchorage, the "Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture" and the age-long creed of the Church.

Popular faith in the Bible as a revelation of a righteous and gracious God is being undermined; the love of many has waxed cold; "doctrines of demons" are being multiplied and propagated, and gain adherents from the bosom of the Church. Many pulpits give an uncertain sound, preaching the renovation of the social order rather than the regeneration of the individual. Meanwhile, the great bulk of heathenism lies unevangelized, while men are being ordained and sent forth whose education has biased them against "the Gospel of the grace of God," and whose work will pull down what they should build up.

It is probable that many other Bible Institutes would subscribe to the following statement of doctrine which dedares the beliefs of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles: "We hold the historic faith of the Church as expressed in the common creed of Christendom, and including: The Trinity of the Godhead, The Deity of Christ, The Personality of the Holy Ghost, The Supernatural and Plenary Authority of the Holy Scriptures, The Unity in Diversity of the Church which is the Body and Bride of Christ, The Substitutionary Atonement, The Necessity of the New Birth, The Maintenance of Good Works, The Sec.ond Coming of Christ, The Immortality of the Spirit, The Resurrection of the Body, The Life Everlasting of Believers, The Endless Punishment of the Impenitent, The Reality and Personality of Satan."

Men who hold a creed like that believe they have something to

WOMA N'S LYCEU'J CLUB THE FISHERMAN'S

CONDUCTING A STREET MEETING A GROUP AT A SHOP MEETING THE J EWISH SUNDAY SC H OOL THE MEXICAN SUN DAY SCHOOL iVorkers of the Los Angeles Bible Institute and Theil' Work

preach and teach that proves the "power of God unto salvation" and unto evangelization, for their students are filled with interest and zeal to spread their faith and to sa-e some from the burning. Let all Chris- tians give thanks to God that there are still knightly champions of the Gospel, and give these men their countenance and their prayers; they need them in these perilous times.

The Bible Institute is not a rival of the theological schools. The Bible Institute of Los Angeles has upwards of twenty of her graduates now completing their studies in seminaries, and wishes them God-speed with all her heart, thankful that she has had the privilege of rooting and grounding them in the inspired Word; and she limits herself to un- folding that Scripture which is given by inspiration of God, that the man of God may be thoroughly furnished unto every good work.

The Bible Institute of Los Angeles is not of man; it is a foundation of God; not made, it grew. Altogether unpremeditated and inci- dental in origin, it developed logically from a simple, every day attempt to do what the hand found to do. The Rev. T. C. Horton, a consecrated servant of God, of strong and lovable personality, was called to labor as the Bible teacher of the congregation of Immanuel Presbyterian Church, in Los Angeles, California. Here he found a score or so of young men, whom he gathered together into a Bible class, inspired with his own enthusiasm, and pledged to meeting weeklv for' Bible study and working daily a,t the business of soul-saving. They named the organization "The Fishermen's Club," taking for their motto Matt. 4: I9: "Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men."

Mr. Horton believed that the power of God was in His Word, and that it would interest and quicken young men if persistently expounded and pressed upon them. He did not hesitate to keep before them such fundamental doctrines of the Word as we have previously named, to show their manifest truth, their harmony with experience and their consistency with one another, while he kept the boys busy pressing these truths home on the consciences of their comrades. They became deeply interested and grew amazingly fond of fishing.

Shortly after the organization of the Fishermen's Club, Mrs. Horton began the "Lyceum Club," a similar work among voung women from the shops, offices and homes of the city. Many of these young people, when they saw the truth and discovered how the Lord could and would use them, became eager to consecrate their lives to specific Christian service. They felt the need of deeper study, and started daily classes in one of the city churches. This incioient Bible Institute was duly organized and incorporated as "The Bible Institute of Los Angeles," with Lyman Stewart as President, T. C. Horton, Superintendent, a sympathetic Board of Directors, and an able and spiritual company of teachers for its Faculty. This new born and rapidly growing institution soon felt the need of a permanent and well-appointed

A MODERN SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS

home, adequate to its present and approaching needs; the magnificent structure now standing at 536-558 South Hope Street, Los Angeles, is the result-a monument to the faith, self-sacrifice and sagacity of this group of servants of the Lord Jesus Christ.

We have been thus explicit in the hope that some pastor-reader may be persuaded that the young people under his care have the same tastes and latent possibilities as those of the Immanuel congregation, and will respond if in prayerful effort he endeavors to waken in them an appetite for God's Word and a zeal for His service. A Bible In- stitute may not be the outcome, but candidates for Bible Institutes and for the world-wide propagation of the truth will be the result.

The location of the Institute has been described as follows: "Los Angeles is the logical center for such a work. California bids fair to double her population by the end of the first quarter of the 20th cen- tury. The sum of her census should reach 6,000,000 by that time, and of these Los Angeles may claim a sixth. Practically a million souls will live within the city's limits. This Californian population will flow in from the round world; already forty-three countries are with us. Add to this our unparalleled tourist and transient population-we are touching elbows with the whole world. Now take your map. You see that what New York is on the Eastern Coast, Los Angeles and San Francisco are destined to be on the Western. What that city is to the Atlantic and Europe, we are to the Pacific and Asia; a more populous continent, more numerous isles, and a more needy hemisphere. Japan is our next door neighbor;. China only a door beyond. Alaska and the Philippines are ours, and South America's coastline embraces 50,000,- 000 as needy of the Word of God as pagan Asia. Mexico is on our borders, and in the last decade, over 33,000 of her citizens crossed them. The great canal has linked the seas, and the commerce of the world passing to and fro from Occident to Orient, discharges its immigrants and merchandise at our commodious harbors. This city with its assured metropolitan prospects and cosmopolitan concourse;' affording opportunity for the most varied experience in practical ministry; its strong Christian community, more than three times that of San Francisco; its unsurpassed climate, advantageous to student life, and perennial out of door service-is the natural seat for a Bible School."

The course of study covers two years and includes: Biblical Introduction, Book Study, Chapter Summary, Personal Work, Bible Doctrine, Analvsis. Christian Evidences, Missions, Sermon Preparation, Practical vVork, Teacher Training, Methods, Music, and Special Lectures.

These studies are pursued under the guidance of a world-renowned faculty, including such names as Dr. R. A. Torrey, Dr. William Evans, Rev. John H. Hunter, and Rev. T. C. Horton.

All work must be conscientiously done. Examinations are rigid.

Each graduate must have acquired a comprehensive knowledge of the English Bible as a whole; have outlined every book; summarized every chapter, and scrutinized every verse. The doctrines are studied under the guidance of Dr. Torrey and formulated only after a direct and definite process of inductive study, comparing Scripture with Scripture.

Much stress is laid on the study and practice of personal work. Students are drilled in the use of the Word with inquirers of all sorts, and must be in continual and daily practice of the work so essential to evangelism anywhere.

The life of these candidates for Christian service in the Institute home is almost ideal. It is pervaded by an atmosphere of quiet, joyous, sane, every day Christianity, where the life of faith, prayer and service is sustained and quickened by fellowship with like-minded members of the Father's family. Though so many denominations and nations are represented, the unity of mind and spirit is as pleasant as it is surprising. Here is realized the apostle's exhortation, "Be of one mind." One mind is a mental state, impossible without a recognized standard. The students soon come to know the nature of the Bible as a veritable revelation from God, and therefore accept its authority as the mold of their opinions and the end of controversy among them. They take It not for what it might or should say, but for what it does say; and their lives are a demonstration of their wisdom. Nothing would secure the dissolution of denominational variance like letting the Book do the talking, while the Church does the work.

The foregoing seems practical enough,. but the Institute has what it calls its "Practical Departments," where the student is led to do the work to which he has consecrated his life; so that when he enters upon the actual discharge of those duties he may' do it as a veteran and not as a raw recruit. This practical work is a great boon to the city and its local Christian agencies. Here between three and four hundred young Christians, overflowing with intelligent zeal, are working soul savers, in one way or another, wherever they go-not only in religious meetings, Sunday-schools, etc., but by the wayside, in the city resorts, conveyances, and everywhere else.

Besides systematic house to house visitation, tract distribution, Sunday-school -work, preaching on the streets, in shops, factories, car barns, etc., students carryon a Jewish Mission, an itinerating evangelization of the vast oil fields of the state, a Rescue Mission in the city, and a Seaman's Mission at the harbor. The Spanish work among th(' constantly growing Spanish speaking population of many thousand, is diligently prosecuted with excellent results. A corps of truly remarkable Bible women give their whole time to canvassing the neighborhoods of the city, pressing upon housewives and mothers the claims of the Gospel, and' the consolations of its support and promise; and their reports which may be heard from time to time at monthly luncheons

given at the Institute building, arc of surpassing interest and encouragement.

While, of course, each student is not personally engaged in all this life and detail, yet all have some part in it, and are living, moving and having their being in an atmosphere of devout, aggressive service, acquiring a knowledge of the spirit and methods necessary to the missIOnary.

The Bible Institute's "Biola" Press and "Biola" Book Room, are important elements in its work, the latter being a depot of attested Christian literature for reading, study and distribution- the former being especially for the printing of Institute publications, of which it has turned out millions of pages, particularly illustrated tracts in Oriental languages. The Institute also publishes a monthly magazine, "The King's Business," which is edited by Dr. R. A. Torrey, and is one of the most helpful of evangelical and evangelistic periodicals.

The Institute has lately established itself in the Province of Hunan, China, and become sponsor for the work of Dr. Frank A. Kellar, so graphically described in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW two years ago. This work is done by means of houseboats in which the students travel and pursue their studies, propagating the Gospel as in houseboat and town. It is proposed to increase the fleet to twelve boats and to ereet also an Institute building, for which ground has already been purchased, where after two years' study and service on the boats, the graduates may receive an additional year of preparation, together with such students from other missions as may wish to take the regular Institute course.

This Hunan Work is unique in form and rich in possibilities. The work is diligently prosecuted and carefully watched, and results are permanently conserved.

IN CHINA-~A COLPORTAGI': BOAT AT f1o,m / TRAVELING PULPIT How the Institute vVorkers Travel

the War and

.BY PRI~CIPIL GANDlER, TORONTO, CANADA BEFORE the war Canada was a young country, whose people were free from the burdens of Lmpire, were full of their own plans, and had little more sense of responsibility for the older world of Europe than a healthy growing boy of fifteen has for his aunts and his cousms.

The earliest of her people (and one-third of her population still) were French Canadians, simple-minded and devout Roman Catholics. With but little education, unable to read or not given to reading, contented to obey and allow the priest to think for them-they were a childlike people, parochial in their interests and outlook. Though loyal to Britain, because of the freedom she gave them in language and religion, they were out of sympathy with modern France as an apostate from the Church. Living their own shielded life, quite apart from world changes and commotions, they had little knowledge of world problems and little interest in world politics. To send their sons, or have their sons taken from them, to die on the battle-fields of Europe was to them a wicked and unnatural thing to which they would not consent.

The early settlers in the Maritime Provinces and Ontario were chiefly of British stock and of Protestant faith. They brought with them a love for God's Book, God's House, and God's day. They could not live without the Church and the school, and these were planted in the days of their poverty and early struggles. The first colleges were for the training of a Christian ministry, and these widened out into universities.

As the West opened up all nationalities flocked in, but the youths who went West from Ontario and the Maritime Provinces dominated the West with the ideals of the East, until there grew up a citizenship in four provinces west of the great lakes who led the whole Dominion in progressive social legislation. A relatively small population had laid upon it the herculean task of developing the resources of half a continent, creating means of transportation, and working out political and social institutions adapted to her rapid growth and varied condition of life.

What saved Canada from taking a provincial attitude and refusing to take her part in the world conflict? It was largely the sense of a responsibility as wide as humanity, begotten in the Protestant people by the Foreign Mission policy of their churches. Even in pioneer days they were not allowed to think only of themselves and their own new country. Seventy-five years ago there was a little group of weak and struggling congregations composed of poor people in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Here John Geddie dared to stand up and advocate the establishment of a mission amongst the cannibals of the New Hebrides. He suggested that the backward state of things at home might be the result of not looking more to interests abroad, and that a wider beneficence, which looked to the welfare of those beyond, would be returned in larger blessing upon the church in all her labors at home.

A little church, poor, inadequately manned, undertook missionary effort amongst the heathen on the other side of the world and, as a result, there came a new stimulus and a new ability to do the work at home. Young men offered for the ministry, a college was equipped for their training, the needy home fields were occupied, and congregations suffused with the missionary spirit rapidly became self-sustaining. The foreign work developed along with the home work until the Canadian churches had missions in every part of the heathen world, and were the first to have a national missionary convention and adopt a national missionary policy.

With a world outlook of this kind, is it any wonder that the Protestant churches in Canada were quick to see the world significance of this war and to feel their responsibility to share in the sacrifice by which the family of nations drawn together in love and common service? Britain made no request to Canada for one man or one dollar, but spontaneously and without delay the Government of Canada said: "vVe are behind you in this world-service with all our men and all our wealth." The call was given for volunteers and four hundred thousand men responded. In one denomination, out of four hundred students and other young men employed in Home Mission effort of one kind or another, three hundred enlisted for overseas service; and every Protestant church can tell much the same story.

Now in the fourth year of war, when Canadians know what war means by bitter bereavement in thousands of homes, they have returned a non-party Government pledged to see this conflict through; and by use of the selective draft for National Service are seeking to secure more men for the front without lessening the production of food and war necessities. The man who, perhaps more than any other, has made a Union War Government possible in Canada is the Honorable N. W. Rowell, a member of the Continuation Committee of the World Missionary Conference and a leader in the Laymen's l1issionary lVIovement.

In the midst of this tremendous effort there has been some divertillg of thought and energy from the Foreign Mission work of the churches. A few missionaries from China and India have been drafted into special service for the Empire such as they only could render. Comparatively few new men are being sent to the mission fields, and no great forward movement is being pushed by the Boards; but with all the other demands the givings of the people have not decreased and there is no thought of withdrawal from any field or any phase of the work. On the contrary, in the lurid light of this war, Canadian Christians are seeing as never

before that the one need of the world and the only hope of the world is Jesus Christ, that no nation is safe until all nations are Christian. Herein we may find a new challenge to the Church, a new call for enlistment in Christ's world-wide campaign of love-the only campaign which can put an end to war and make the nations one family in Christ. Had there been in European Christianity a sympathy wider than national boundaries, a love for fellow-men broad as the love of God, a recognition of men everywhere as potential sons of God-not enemies to be destroyed, but brothers to be redeemed, this war in Europe had never come. It is the lack of the very things for which Foreign Missions stand that has put a nominally Christian Europe where it is today. Had Roman Catholic Greek and Protestant Christians put one-tenth of the blood and treasure, which they have lavished on this war, into an effort to carry out the Great Commission of Christ which sent Paul to Europe, had one-tenth the number of men gone forth with the love of Christ in their hearts to declare God's message of peace and good-will, there would be no need of war funds today and, instead of a Europe filled with racehatred and drenched in blood, we would have nations united in love and brotherhood spending and being spent in efforts for the common good..

For the future we must take our choice-pour out our blood and treasure freely in Christ's world-wide campaign of love, or have cumulative sin and hatred call again for blood and treasure in war still more terrible than the present conflict. And so today the churches of Canada are making special appeal to the Christian boys, not yet old enough for military service, to count all things which appeal to youthful ambitions but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus our Lord, and for the privilege of devoting their whole lives to the importation of that knowledge to others. Our faith and hope is that, under the quickening influence of the sacrifices of this war, a whole army of young men and young women will rise up from the Christian congregations all over the land to follow Christ the King-ready for home service or overseas service, as the King may will-ready for life, or ready for death in that world-wide campaign by which alone the spirit of war can be cast out and the spirit of brotherhood prevail. There will be the same call which war makes for heroism, endurance and self-sacrifice, but the call will come at the bidding of Jove and not of hatred, and it will be to construct and not to destroy, to save and not to kill, The Key in Your Pocket Ministers laymen, yea, and women, too, often cry aloud in meetings for prayer, for God to open the windows of heaven and pour _out His promised blessings until there shall not be room enough to receive them," Yet all the while they have in their pockets the key that can open the windows-the tithe of their in- comes-and they refuse to use it (Malachi 3 :10).

Rev. John Newton Forman of

BY REV. J.·C. R. EWI:"JG, D.D., LL.D., LAlIORE, INDIA President of Forman Christian College O NE of the great missionaries of the Church to non-Christian lands, has just been called to rest. ~t!s no .exa.ggerat.ion to de- clare that, from amongst all the mlSSlOnanes 10 India, few, if any, could be found whose loss would have been so keenly felt by the Church in that country.

He belonged to a great missionary family. His grandfather, Rev.

John Newton, entered the Panjab in 1834, and his father, Rev. Chas.

"V. Forman, D.D., in 1848. Five of the children and eleven of the grand-children of Mr. N ewton in the course of years found a sphere for the work of their lives in India. One of lY1r. Newton's five chil- dren became the wife of Dr. For- man and was the mother of three missionary sons and two missionary daughters. Of these sons one is the subject of this sketch. The Newton and Forman families have given an aggregate of approx- imately five hundred years of ser- JOHN NEWTON FORMAN vice to India.

John Forman was born at Amritsar in the Panjab on July 1I, 1863. At the age of fourteen he was sent to America for purposes of education. He graduated from Princeton in the class of r884 and at once entered the Princeton Theological Seminary. Having spent two years there he entered the Union Seminary, but almost immediately suspended his studies in order to undertake active service in connection with the newly organized Student Volunteer lJovement. It was in this connec- tion that he became known to the great body of Christian students of the time, both in this country and in England, as he and his friend, Robert W"ilder, labored to place before the youth of these countries the privilege and duty of giving the Gospel to the nations.

Without returning to the Seminary he was ordained to the Gospel ministry in 1887, the charge to the evangelist being delivered by the friend and pupil of his grandfather and father, Rev. Dr. K. C. Chat-

terjee, who was visiting America at the time. In January, 1888, he sailed for India, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- sions, and with the exception of brief periods of furlough, spent all of the time that remained to him in the closest touch with the people of Hin- dustan.

In an attempt to summarize the qualities of the man, and the un- usual beauty and power of his life, the following points are worthy of notice. It is no part of our present purpose to describe the nature of the influence exerted by him upon the Church at home, in the months prl:- ceding his entry upon active service abroad and during his visits to this country. Of this service others are better qualified to speak.

John Forman was preeminently a preacher. To the public procla- mation of the Message of the Gospel he devoted his days, with a per- sistency, fidelity and diligence which none of us have seen surpassed. He was equipped with a most unusual facility in the use of the Urdu and Hindi languages. As a child he had used the former, and so he came to a careful study of the language at a later period, possessed of the enor- mous advantage of being able to speak India's languages with the tone and accent of the people themselves.

It was not unusual to hear Indians remark that they themselves could not hope to be able to rival "Jan Forman Sahib" in the use of their own tongue. His facility in the use of English was great, but his capac- ity for chaste and eloquent speech in Urdu was even more noteworthy.

2. He was a great Evangelist. He was constantly in demand as a leader in conventions for the deepening of spiritual life, and it is perhaps not too much to say that no missionary of his day exercised so widely-extended as well as helpful an influence upon the Christian Church of all denominations. When the General Assembly in 19 I 5 organized a great campaign movement, the thoughts of all turned to Mr. Forman, and in response to this call he visited practically all of the congregations allied to the Presbyterian Church in India. This unique and fruitful service was his final gift to the Church, for the spiritual growth of which he rejoiced to spend himself.

A great host of men and women who have attended conventions at Sialkote, Saharanpur, Lucknow, Jabalpur, Lahore, Mainpuri and other nlaces as well. are devoutly thanking God for his messages of tenderness and power which meant so much to them and are grieving that they will see here his face no more.

His sanity as a leader was conspicuous. At no time was he ever known to be swept away or even seriously moved by any of the more or less fanatical 'fads,' with which he was sometimes brou!!ht face to face. As a steadying influence, his presence in the midst of the warmth of a revival was invaluable.

Shortly after entering India, an impression came to him that possibly he was doing wrong to live as a European, and thus to fail in coming

TIl~ R~V. JOIl)! NEWTON FORMAN INDIA

into the closest touch with the masses. In his perplexity he sought the advice of the late Dr. Ellinwood, his father and one or two friends. 1 hey urged that he refrain from severing his relation with the Board. Accordingly, he determined to relinquish all allowances except $10.00 a month, and departed to a remote place, far removed from all western life and influence. Six months ot testing this method convinced him that this was not for him a plan of work conducive to the greatest results. rVith characteristic humility and frankness he announced the failure of the scheme, and forthyvith returned to his place in the Mission.

3. His personality ,vas one of unusual beauty and strength. He was preeminently a man of prayer. Careful and systematic study of God's Word was a part of the work of every day. His face often seemed to shine with a light which is never seen except on the face of one who is in conscious fellowship with God. Grace, gentleness and humility marked his attitude toward the lowliest. It was indeed amongst the very ignorant and lowly that the chief task of his life was accomplished, and yet how gladly he gave to them the best gifts that he had-all unconscious the while that they were such as might have won for a man of less consecration a place amongst the learned and the great.

Few men of his day have preached the Gospel to so many people as he. He found little interest or profit in argumentative discussions. He had a definite message, and it was the old Message of man's sin, God's love and the sufficiency of Jesus Christ, the Saviour.

The hearts of many go forth in deepest sympathy to his devoted wife and daughter who are temporarily in America, to his brothers and sisters on the field, two brothers and two sisters in the U. S. A., and to a multitude of Indian Christians whom he loved, and who will feel his absence from them with the keenest sense of personal loss.

Why he should have been called and others of us left is a question for which we have no answer, save that his Lord, whom he loved so . devotedly and served so assiduously, had need of him in a higher service. India is the poorer for his absence, but he awaits a reunion in the life beyond with thousands whom he helped while here, and whose lives are enriching the India that he has left.

Missionary Service Flags Several Mission Boards are publishing lists of their miSSIOnaries and miss:ollary sons who are in the service of their country as soldiers, chaplains, physicians. nurses and Y. M. C. A. workers. The Presbyterian Board has issued a long list and now the Congregationalist suggests that "the American Board might well devise a service flag, to be hung on those churches from which a son or daughter has gone forth to the service of Christ in the mission field. It would be interesting to learn what churches could display them. They would be comparatively few, for there are only 680 Congregational missionaries to be located among 6,089 churches; not that, indeed, for very many of the American Board's staff have come from other than Congregational churches. The smal1er and remoter churches would outshine in this particular the larger and more conspicuous ones."

Asia Thinks of

By TYLER DE""ET Condensed from an article from the January Humber of ASIA, a jourllal of the Amer- ican Asiatic Association, New York.

"THE missionaries are a bad lot." many tourists never get very far outside One can hardly set foot on trans- of rcutes marked out by these zealous Pacific steamer without hearing this and often self-appointed guides.

verdict. "They come out here to live in Introductions to consuls and other luxury and to make money; they never government officials and to European make a sincere convert." Such reports residents are valuable. It is regrettable come in freely from the tourist, who that tourists do not use them more. Not rapidly gathers convictions from what he only do these people lead an exiled life, hears on the steamer and in the hotels, which makes a visit from a countryman and also from highly respected people with the latest news from home very who have had long residence in the welcome, but they are also able to an- Orient. swer many questions and offer much ad- During the last few years I have spent vice of great value. . . . However, one nearly half my time, as tourist and may utilize to the limit the services of writer, traveling about in "foreign mis- both guide and the European and yet sionary countries" and on the steamers see very little of the real Orient. . . .

between them and home. These criti- Like some other places, Asia is chiefly a cisms have always interested me. When state of mind or a point of view. One I first heard them I had few positive will have to search else,,,here than in convictions on the subject, but I attempt- streets, shops or temples to find it.

ed wherever possible to make a personal Some years ago in Tokyo I met Carl investigation of every charge. I have Crow. I was about to take my first almost never failed, when talking with plunge into China, and was then carry- either a foreigner or a native, to come ing in my grip Crow's guide-book to the around to this question: Vhat do you country. "Vhat suggestions have you think of the missionaries? What follows for the trip?" I asked. "How can I see is merely a record of these investigations. China best?"

There are two ways for the tourist to "Go to the missionaries," replied see the Orient; one is to follow the Crow. Then he modestly added that his trail of the good hotels, carry a few guide-book was largely a compilation of consular introductions, as many cards as information which he had collected from possible to business men, and to supple- the missionaries. "They are the only ment these with the eagerly proffered people," he explained ,"who really knmv services of ricksha coolies, taxi drivers the country."

and hotel guides. The other way is to I have had frequent occasion to test go to the missionary for advice and in- this assertion and I feel impelled to formation. ]"('cord that it is profoundly true. . . .

The native guide, either professional If olle wishes to see the Orient that is, or volunteer, has one big idea and very on(' will have to make very generous use few small ones. As directlv, or adroitl· of the missionary. And yet very few as possible, he wishes to get his party t~ tourists sec him at all.

some place where the tourist will spend The missionary is often the one per- some money, upon which the guide can SOli available who understands both the return later to collect a commission…. language of the tourist and the language It is unfortunately true that a great of the country; but more important is the fact that often he alone understands of public sentiment, and equal in extent and thoroughness to the best there was vhy one asks the questions one does….. of the kind in the United States not many years ago. The English-speaking native may under- There has never been a time since the stand one's words but unless he belongs japanese Parliament was organized that there have not been more than a to the very limited class of those who dozen Christians in the membership. The Japanese are as sensitive as Amerihave been educated abroad he is practic- cans to detect insincerity among Chris- tians. The very fact that these people ally at a loss to understand why anyone whom I have mentioned are who they are and what they are, contributes an would ask such a fool question anv- important answer to the question, What does japan think of its Christians? how. . . . . The strength of Christianity in Japan is all the more remarkable when one re- In the back of my mind when I met members that there are still many people the missionary were the current criti- living who remember when this severe cisms. I have always found him willing edict was in force: "So long as the sun to meet them frankly when they were shall warm the earth let no Christian be stated. . . . so bold as to come to japan; and let them all know that the King of Spain Do they ever make sincere converts? himself, or the Christian God, or the The name "rice Christians" has spread Great God of All, if he violates this throughout Asia. It implies that the command, shall pay for it with his convert is held by the inducement of his head." daily rice and other economic, social, and even political advantages. I have been As one passes over to China one entold again and again very soberly and counters a similar list of imposing names. seriously by Europeans who have lived There are the Nieh Brothers,cotton manfor ten, twenty and thirty years in the ufacturers of Shanghai; Wong Kwong, Orient that missionaries never have president of the Yangtse Engineering made a sincere convert. Works at Hankow; many of the officers of the Hanyang Iron Works; Dr. P. One would indeed be very coura- W. Kuo, dean of the Government Norgeous, as well as something else, to sug- mal College at Nanking; Dr. W. W. gest in japan to Prof. Nitobe of the Yen, recently minister to Germany, and Imperial University, Senator Soroku his brother who is building the govern- Ebara of the House of Peers, Dr. Ukita, ment railway from Hankow to Canton j editor of the Taiyo " Takutaro Sakai of C. T. Vang, until the recent revoluthe Mitsui Bank, Mr. Kobayashi, the tion left him without office, Vice-Presitooth-powder man; Mr. Ohara, the dent of the Senate; C. C. Wong, who millionaire silk manufacturer of Kura- has served as Auditor General for the shiki; Mr. Hatano of the Ayabe Silk IVlinistry of Posts and Communications; Filatures,:Madame Yajima and Miss and Yung Tao, the millionaire philan- Tsuda, both of whom were recently thropist of Peking. I selected these decorated by the Emperor; ·Madame names from a much longer list repre- Hirooka, daughter of the Mitsui family sentative Chinese Christians who talked and one of the richest women in Japan, freely of their Christian convictions. that they were "rice Christians." lVladame Hirooka .told me that during The president of the recent Kwangthe last three years she has, under the tUllg Provincial Assembly was the Revdirection of the Union Evangelistic erend K. Y. Shia, who was called to that Camprugn, stumped the Empire from office from the pastorate of the Second Hokkaido to Shimonoseki, speaking in Congregational Chmch of Honolulu! practically every large town in church, hall or theater, wherever she could find shelter, for Christianity. Mr. Kobayashi, IHr. Ohara and Hatano, and I might mention many other Christian manufacturers, are setting standarrls in industrial betterment and in welfare work for th('ir employc('s far in advance

Over in India, where I was repeatedly to go out and do the same kind of assured that all Christians are "rice work.' " Christians," I met Sir Rajah Harnam Singh, a charming Hindu gentleman, The Times of India, published in whose adherence to his Christian views Bombay, is one of the two or three out- cost him a kingdom. He assured me that standing newspapers of the land. Sir he had no regrets. Two years ago he Stanley Reed, the editor, perhaps more served as moderator of the Presbyterian than any other European newspaper man in India, enjoys the confidence of General Assembly for India. • . . . the Indians themselves. I asked him, I have never been content to rest on "What do you think of the mission- aries ?" the missionary's estimate of his own York. I have been astonished to meet "One cannot estimate the influence of among his converts men and women of the missions," he replied, "by the num- such distinction, but I have gone even ber of converts or by the statistical re- further than that to find out what Asia ports. I am not an active member of thinks of missionaries. I took the ques- any church, but I will say this: If tion to Sir James J;leston, of Lucknow, missions could not show one single con- Lieutenant Governor of the United vert, they would still be justified ten Provinces, and recently member of the thousand fold by the moral influence first Imperial Council in London. He which they exert on the country. I have is an old Indian Civil Service man who fifty or sixty Indian friends here in Bomhas worked his way up through the bay, unusual men, leaders of exceptional ranks to his present position. . . . ability, reformers. One and all, they have been powerfully influenced by He said, "Of course, there is a great Christianity, although some of them will difference of opinion about mission work. not admit it, and others do not know Some scoff at it; some value it for its whence the influence has come." purpose to convert the native to Christianity; others appreciate it for its Perhaps the most significant statehumanitarian services. The government ment of any comes from Dr. G. E. takes a neutral attitude but it does enor- lVIorrison, formerly correspondent to the mously value the assistance rendered by London Times in Peking, and more rethe missionaries to good government. cently special foreign adviser to the The missions have helped in education President of China. He said to me, "It and have done a great deal for the de- is easy to criticize the missionaries, to pressed classes which the government say humorous things and to see the ridiccould not do and which the Indian is ulous, but their work is good. When- ever I hear anyone abusing missionaries unwilling to do. . • . . and saying that their work is valueless, I N ever shall I forget a frank conversa- set him down as a fool. He simply does not know what he is talking about. One tion which I had in his palace with His cannot travel a week in any direction Highness the Gaekwar of Baroda. He even in the remotest corners of the Retold me of some of the measures y;hich Pllblic and not run upon a mission. he has already introduced for the better- These places are sources of good and ment of his subjects, and of the difficul- only of good. They are the greatest ties which he had encountered. His ad- forces for the uplift of this country." miration for things American is so unqualified as to be almost naive, but I :Most tourists never see a missionary think I was most of all impressed when unless by chance they meet him on a he said, "I am thinking of calling to- steamer. The missionary does not fregether the missionaries and asking them quent the hotels. He is almost never at to tell me their views on how we can the dub. He does not attend the raceimprove the quality of the native priest- meeting. Usually he is off in the inhood. Then I want to call the priests terior where no tourist ever goes. together and say to them, 'Look at the There are few facilities fDr bringing the missionaries. See the sacrifices they are missionary and the tourist together. . • making to help our people. Yatl ought

", .'t ' • t~

III hr tl( ""' .11 T 1 U,. ')0 , -t'l ~ , '

", ONE OF THE INVITATION POSTERS MADE FROM JAPANESE NAPKINS Edited by MRS. E. C- CRONK, Columbia, South Carolina.

Chairman of the Committee on Melhuds of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, EYE-GATE METHODS more than the gifts his mother's argu- ments failed to secure, WE have quoted glibly, "Psycholo- gists tell us that 85 per cent. of SEEING ACTUAL NEED all we know is learned through our eyes," yet we have continued to trust Delegates to the conferences held ill the magnificent grounds at BIue Ridge, ,,y largely to our tongues for methods of North Carolina, know what it is to make a dash from Robert E. Lee Hall missionary work, e talk and we argue to the dining hall on rainy days. One day a committee meeting of distinguished to win missionary converts and to in- citizens was held at Blue Ridge. Fortucrease missionary interest. Of course, nately for future conferences, that meetthat is one way, but there are other ways ing chanced to be on a rainy day. The that are often more fruitful. Deeper rain was not of the summer shower than the impression made by what we variety, but was a good steady, soaking hear is the impression made by what we downpour. Among the distinguished see. A child, who listened unmoved to gentlemen who sank in the mud at each the tale of suffering related by his step as that committee walked up the mother, when she appealed to him to do hill was William Jennings Bryan. without something himself in order to feed and clothe children who were poor No address was delivered on the need and needy, was taken to see these chil- for a walk. No "stirring appeal" was dren in their cold, bare home. Immediately he proposed to give IIp ml)ch

made, save that made by the mud which touch the mud in which some other clung tenaciously to the sales of Mr. folks constantly walk, check-books Bryan's shoes. No subscription paper would be drawn out without any frenwas circulated, no collection basket was zied appeals, and lives would be consepassed. That mud on the great common- crated to the service of God through er's shoes was worth more than appeal, service to mankind. One of the revelaand subscription paper, and collection tions of these terrible days has been the basket all put together. Because his feet power that has come with the purpose touched the mud, Mr. Bryan drew out put into lives that were being frittered his check book and wrote a check for away uselessly. Women and girls who $100.00 to start the fund which is to had been classed as mere butterflies, put a walk and pergola from Lee Hall have become heroic workers for relief agencies, yhen they have been brought to the dining hall. face to face with a suffering world. They If we could get some of the folks who are capable of greater achievements.

are not giving to missions to see and The Relation Between Seeing and Doing WHAT THEY SAW WHAT THEY DID Captain Allen Gardiner, an English He determined to return to South naval officer, saw the hopeless condition America as a messenger of the Cross. of the natives of Tierra del Fuego, There he gave his life in the effort to whom Darwin pronounced "lower than bring the Gospel to those destitute many animals and incapable of being people. ci vilized."

A party of tourists were "seeing She let her friends return to America China." One young girl was impressed without her, and Frederica Mead stayed with the need of Chinese girls for Chris- in China to teach in Ginling College, tian schools and teachers. Nanking.

A man of wealth was shown through He wrote a check which provided a an Orphan Home and saw the need and pair of shoes for the little bare feet of destitution of the children there. every orphan child in the Home.

Some girls in a southern city were These girls started a day nursery for taken to visit the negro quarters and saw negro children and secured funds to prothat the cooks going out to work either vide nurses, a kindergarten teacher for locked their small children in a room the younger children and industrial alone or turned them out on the streets. teachers for the older ones.

A girl, who went to the Blue Ridge She wrote back home for Bibles and mountains in North Carolina for her papers and spent her vacation teaching summer vacation, saw the ignorance and the children, who had never had any destitution of some of the children of other chance to learn. the mountains.

vVhen the Laymen's :Missionary Vhen they returned, their messages .l10vement began its work, a party of sixty-six laymen ,vent out to see for so stirred the first Laymen's Conventhemselves the mission fields of the world. tions that gifts still continue to come in to supply needs they saW in non-Chris- tian Jancls. .

METHObS

HOW SHALL THEY SEE? outside of "the faithful few" in ap- pointing these committees. Recently a 1. COKDCCT CO.I;IC:,,ITY SL'RVEYS. 'oman "'ho "-as olle of the regulars 011 Our missionarv societies should not do c~'erv committee appointed from her a "mail ord~r" business exclusively. chu~ch proposed that she should get Some of us live in profound and com- some one else to serve in her place on ,I fortable ignorance of the missionary committee on the orphanage work. She needs of our o,,'n communities. Every enlisted a woman who had never done church has members who would do good anything for the orphans, but who bemissionary work right at home if brought ca~le intensely interested when she visitface to face with the need. ed the institution and saw the needs, and has since given valuable service. 2. MAKE PROVISION FOR TORK AMONG FOREIGNERS. – Japan, India, 4. lVIAKE DEFINITE PLANS THAT China, Africa, Italy-all the lands of PEOPLE 'YHO ARE ABLE TO RELIEVE THE the earth are in our cities and even in ollr smaller towns. A Philadelphia N1'llD BY GIFTS OF llONEY OR TIME woman longed to go to the foreign field. Instead of having that great opportunity SHALL BE BROl-GHT FACE TO FACY she was only a pastor's wife in Phila- WITH THE NEED.-Often people are dodelphia. Even the opportunity she had ing what they are doing because no one there seemed to be endangered, for the has shown them anything better to do. good residence section in which her husband's church was located began to take S. ARRAC'{GE TOURS OF FOREIGN MISon a different complexion, as one by one SION FIELDS FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE the prospcrous families moved out and ABLE TO RE;'DER LARGER SERVICE.-In dusky foreigners moved in. It seemed as many instances, a little urging will reif there was nothing to do but to follow- suit 'in a visit to mission stations being the plan of many other churches and included in the plans of a touring party. move out of the foreign quarters. Then that pastor's wife began to see. She saw 6. ENABLE PEOPLE AT HOME TO SEE the tired young mothers who seemed to TI-lF NEEDS OF THE WORLD BY PICTURES, be mere girls. She saw the children CHARTS, LA:,TERN SLIDES, PAGEANTS with bright eyes shining out from dirty AND LITERATURE. Jittle faces, as the little tots sat on the steps or swarmed over into the congest- LIVING SIGN BOARDS THAT ed streets. That church did not move. That pastor's wife did not have to in- POINT THE WAY vest any funds in an ocean voyag;e to reach her opportunity. She simply lifted Last winter a lady asked that great up her eyes and saw it, and Mr~. E. R. missionary leader, Pastor Stearns, Cassaday began the Italian Kindergarten 'I'hethcr he had always been a missionary ~md the Italian Mission which has done pastor. such splendid missionary service in a seclion of Philadelphia from which many "Oh, no," he answered. "There came ('hurches ran away. a man from Japan-." Then followed the story of the missionary from Japan, 3. ApPOINT COMMITTEES TO VISIT 'I'ho camc to the young pastor and gave IC'{STITUTIONS AND FAlIlLIES NEEDING him the thought that there was mission- AlD.-An investigation made by one ary opportunity above thc paying of an church revealed the fact that no reli~­ apportionment. The support of the one ious services of any kind were held in Bible woman undertaken at that time some of the charitable institutions in h;ts grown until in 1917, Pastor that city. The' members of that church Ste;trns reported total cash privileges were greatly blessed and became a great (which is his ,ray of stating what most blessing in conducting such services. Go people call generous contributions) of $887,748.33 for foreign missions.

That same sentence, "There came a man," or "There came a woman," is the introduction to the missionary activit)' of most great workers. The sign boards

February

that point the way to eager young feet fied that their first missionary impulse are not the inanimate posts of abstract was received, as they looked at this misadvice which say: "This is the way to sionary hero, and scores of workers in missionary zeal," but are animate men the home-land dated the beginning of and women whose heroic examP.le points their interest to the day on which they the way, and compels following. met Dr. Scudder.

THREE STORIES PICTURE POSSIBILITIES I. A missionary mother was paying Not all of us can make world tours. her bill at the close of a slimmer con- Not all of us can visit the people we ference. That mother was not a woman long to meet. But all of us can bring of wealth, yet she had two sons and two the world and its peoples before our daughters with her at the conference. eyes by pictures. Never were pictures used as widely as IlO'. Often the con- "How do you manage to do it?" tents of a whole magazine or book fades asked her friend. from our minds while the striking, stir- ing message of some picture abides with "vVell, it is not easy," was the answer, us. Every book on missionary method~ "but you see I count that the strongest has something to say about pictures, yet missionary influence which I can bring we missionary folk are making scant use to bear on my boys and girls is to have of our marvelous picture opportunities. them see and come in contact with the people I want them to be like, so all dur- PICTURE METHODS THAT HAVE ing the year I save up all I can to make it possible to have my children at this BEEN TESTED conference, so that they may see and know the great leaders of the world." OF PICTURES AND ONE EMPTY One of those sons is now a missionary to FRAME.-One Sunday-school teacher China, and the indications are that the kept ever before her class the pictures of other children ,,,ill either be foreign mis- missionaries which her church supportsionaries or missionary leaders in the ed. There was always one empty frame. homeJand. The teacher and the scholars prayed con- stantly for more missionaries to be sent 2. The entertainment committee for a out. As each recruit sailed, a picture large missionary convention placed at the was put in the empty frame and another home of a woman of great wealth a frame was hung up. The prayer that plain, unassuming little missionary from the picture of some member of the class India. "Why didn't they send her some might some day fill the empty frame was of our rich delegates, who would know frequently offered. what to do in such a palace ?" wondered some of the delegates. But the little A FRAME WITH A HINGED BACK.- missionary did know what to do. For A teacher who had limited wall space the first time in her life the woman with and limited funds at her disposal put millions saw, with her own eyes, in her small hinges on the back of a picture own. home, a woman who made foreign frame which made it possible to quickly missions a reality to her. Suddenly In- insert different pictures. The boys and dia seemed to have crossed the ocean girls in her department watched with and to have come right to her very door. keen interest to see who would know . That her dollars should begin to cross the picture displayed each Sunday and . the ocean and go to India was only a welcomed eagerly the opportunity to teI! natural result. the story of each picture they knew, or to learn about new pictures. 3. When Dr. John Scudder, the pioneer medical missionary from America INSTEAD OF MATINEE AND J10VIIl to India, came home on furlough, thou- IDoLs.-Glimpses into the rooms of ouf sands of children went to his meetings to see the "missionary doctor." Years afterward, missionaries in many lands testi-

METHODS

young folks reveal the fact that the pressed by the first miSSiOnary picture companionship of the pictured folk who she saw unveiled, wrote this description constantly dwell with them is furnished of it: "On the platform stood an easel. largely by the theatrical or the sporting On the easel was a picture draped with page. A father who saw his son gazing the stars and stripes. Above was the with rapt adoration into the eyes of cnly flag that ever flies over Old Glory some of the stars circulated by cigarette -the Christian flag which bears a blood- companies, hung two pictures of great missionary heroes over the boy's desk. red cross. As we sat in the auditorium, Both of them had been star athletes as well as heroic missionaries and the boy eager to see what was underneath the heard of their work with keenest intcl:- folds of the flag, we were conscious of est. Day after day he sat in their pres- the atmosphere of waiting expectancy ence until they helped to make the at- which creates an appetite for the mis- mosphere of his room and to mold the sionary programs here so different from ideals of his life. the dead certainty we have about our cut-and-dried meetings at home. We At one of the Northfield Conferences, sang a hymn. Then a charming woman one of the leaders presented several hun- a;-,d a fine story-teller (1 don't mean t"o dred small pictures of great missionaries WOl11pn, she was both in one) stepped to the girls. The pictures were eagerly forward by the picture and told the received, and took the place of other story of an Iowa orphan girl, who faces less worthy in the rooms of many longed to go to school and to have pretty of the girls who were Northfield dele- clothes like the other girls. She told of gates that year. her letter to a college prpsident and her joy over his answer saying she might BACK TO ALBuIVIs.-There was a day come; of how she dug away at her when a photograph album, encased in college tasks; of the purpose that filled brilliant plush, wis a necessary adorn- her heart to become a medical missionment of the parlor table. In these latter ary. My throat began to choke up a bit days, we have relegated most of our when she told about the way this girl photograph albums to the garret, and lived in an attic in Chicago, cooked her there is a vacancy which needs to be own meals and almost starved hersel f to filled. Why not fill it with a mission- death doing it, so she could finish her ary album? When we have boys and medical training. Every one of us girls girls of the junior age in our homes, in in the audience felt like shouting our Sunday-school classes and mission- "Bravo," when we heard how she finalary societies, we do not have to glance ly die. win out and complete the course, into a psychology to grasp the signifi- and every one of us felt like we were cance of "Collecting Interests Strong." right there in China as we listened to They are going to collect something and the story of her splendid work. Vhen missionary album~' in our homes, in our the Boxer uprising was mentioned we Sunday-schools al d our missionary socie- shuddered. "Surely it couldn't be"- ties will give go d direction to these we thought, but it was, and the tears strong collecting interests. A Japan iust rolled down our cheeks when we album, an India album, a China album, heard of how she was put to death by an Africa album will make very real the very people she had gone to help. I 'to juniors, as well as to their elders, the had a queer feeling of exaltation as I conditions and the needs in these lands. listened to the story of how she bound An interesting "Guest Book" may be up a gash in the head of a Chinese boy, made from pictures of foreigners in the very last thing she did, after they America. had led her down under the tree to take her life. Some how I felt assured that UNVEILING MISSIONARY PICTURES. Christianity was going to conquer the world. I was not conscious of the fa.t -A young woman, who was deeply im- that the speaker had not told us the name

of the heroine, until she paused for a thought there were any other children Ir.oment. Then a boy and a girl stepped Jesus wanted to bless. She asked them forward and lifted the cords which held to bring pictures of other children. the flag. As its folds were drawn back, The next Sunday they came with picthe speaker said: "And so Eleanor tures of the little ones-black, red, yel- Chestnut's name was added to the ;!;reat low and brown. There were Indian band of martyrs who, like their Saviour, bClbies strapped in their cradles, and have given their lives to carry salvation little Eskimos in furs. There were the to those who put them to death," and all little brown children of India and of us rose to our feet. As the folds of Japanese tots in their long kimonos. that flag were drawn back, Eleanor The teacher pasted the pictures around Chestnut's eyes seemed to flash a chal- the central figure of the Christ. Then lenge to me. I have heard many elo- all of the children recited the verse, quent missionary addresses and appeals, "Suffer the little children to come unto but as she looked at me from the picture Me." Each Sunday additional pictures while we sang: were added, and the verse was recited, while the meaning to the children grew "The martyr first whose eagle eye ever larger and larger, as the teacher Could pierce beyond the grave told how the children of the world were Who saw her Master in the sky being brought to Jesus through the mis- And called on Him to save. sion Sunday-schools and kindergartens. Like Him, with pardon on His tongue Of course, some of the children brought In midst of mortal pain, pictures that were not usable. These She prayed for them tliat did the wrong: were graciously received by the teacher Who follows in her train?" aLd laid av,-ay to be used if net'ded some other time. My heart gave answer to the challenge with a stronger determination than STEREOPTICON LECTURES should have had ever been mine before to follow ill a place in the missionary educational that train. program of every church. One church, which has shown a marked increase in WHERE TO GET PI'CTURES missionary activity in recent years, plans at the beginning of the year, a series of 1. From the REVIEW and other mis- stereopticon lectures, so scheduled as to sionary magazines. It is often worth fit in with the Mission Study courses of while to subscribe for an extra copy, the various societies. from which to cut pictures. Most of the denominational Boards 2. From the denominational Mission have sets of slides on their mission fields, Boards, most of which issue picture for rent. *The Missionary Education sheets and pictures of missionaries. Movement has for rent splendid sets of slides accompanied by interesting lec- 3. The Missionary Education Move- tures on the following subjects: ment, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, publishes splendid half-tone pictures of 1. The Social Aspects of Foreign great missionaries, at prices ranging from Missions. 2. Child Life of the World. 50 cents to $3.50 according to size. 3. The American Indian. 4. Home Missions and Public WeHare. 5. 4. Some pictures from secular maga- The New Era in Asia. 6. The Immizines may be made very effective by the grant in America. 7. China Yesterday addition of a missionary application. and To-morrow. 8. By Canoe and Car- Often pictures may be built from many avan through the Heart of Africa. 9. sources. A primary superintendent Sowing and Reaping in Burma. 10. past!!d a picture of "Jesus Blessing Lit- Moslem Millions. 11. Women of the tle Children" in the center of a large sheet of cardboard. She called the atten- * These Jruly be rented for $2.00 plus extion of her scholars to the fact that only press. A written lecture goes with each set the little white children were in that of slide•. picture, and asked them whether they

BEST METHODS

Orient. 12. The Challenge of India. "America Wake Up," may be used in 13. Around the W orId in Forty Min- connection with striking facts about utes. 14. John Huss and His Country- home or foreign missions, together with men. 15. St. Paul the Missionary. 16. pictures making the application.

Japan Old and New. 17. South Amer- "If You Cannot Enlist, Invest" will make an attractive and appropriate mot- ica. 18. Negro Neighbors. 19. Among to with which to present a missionary the Southern Mountains. 20. Lights and enterprise, or several facts about what Shadows in Central America. 21. Cuba amounts invested in missions will ac- and Porto Rico. 22. The Monk Who complish. Moved the World. 23. From Cape to Cairo. 24. Tony's Adventures. Less dignified, but equally striking, is: "If You Cannot Go Across, Come AN ADDRESS WITHOUT VORDS.- Across."

The moving pictures have taught us The words that we see constantly how effectively a subject may be pre- before us have a wonderful influence on sented without a spoken word. our lives. Delegates at a student confer- Try having some subject presented in ence last summer heard Robert E. Speer your meetings by a series of pictures and charts held up one after another, or tell of a text which had made a propassed around from member to member. found impression on his life. It was not a text on which he had heard some great The four pictures on the last page of minister deliver an eloquent discourse, the MISSIONARY REVIEW for August, but the text which he had seen every Sunday on the walls of the church in 1917, have been effectively used in this which he worshipped as a boy.

way in presenting the passing opportu- A platform that may exert wide influnity to "work the works of Him that ence is furnished by the wall space of sent me while it is called day." the auditoriums in which meetings are held. One woman who exerted an in- MISSIONARY MOTTOES AND fluence, which can never be estimated, on a great convention, was not on the CHARTS platform at all. She spoke not a word that was heard by the audience, yet she Among other things of a former gen- spoke, in a way never to be forgotten, eration, which this generation has rele- from the charts and mottoes which she gated to the attic, are the mottoes, mar- had placed on the wall. Every bare wall velously wrought by the deft fingers of is a missionary opportunity. Societies our gradnmothers out of many colored would do well to appoint one member zephyrs. Yet the value of mottoes abid- who should have charge of the wall eth, and wise is the missionary worker space for their meetings. who makes it count as much as possible for missions. Business men have secured INEXPENSIVE CHART AND many hours of coveted privacy by simply hanging in plain view of the friendlv POSTER MATERIALS loafer, "If you will kill time, kill you~ own, not ours." The Government spent "That all looks very well," said the three million dollars in advertising the delegate who saw the splendid display recent Liberty Loans, a large part of of charts and posters at a convention, which was put in posters with striking "but I should like to know how a socimottoes. ety with no funds at hand is going to buy materials for aU these things." The A splendid missionary program may woman who had made the charts smiled. be arranged by adapting these mottoes: Years before she had entered that school of training which teaches women the Take the one, "Our Dad's at the gentle art 9f making many things with- Front Fighting Your Battles: Bade out buying materials, the entrance CeT~ Him Up." Cut out pictures of the children of your missionaries, and paste them on this poster.

tificate to which school is a marriage Two years later, at another conference, certificate to a preacher. She then re- a delegate spoke at the farewell meetvealed to the delegate the following ing. She said, "Two years ago I went economy secrets on the subject of mak- home from the conference utterly dising posters and charts. couraged. I wanted to go as a foreign missionary, but the door seemed abso- The letters which stood out effective- lutely closed before me. When I reached ly were cut from the Saturday Evening horne, I put up a motto some one had Post, which, in kind thoughtfulness to given me at the conference. As I looked makers of missionary charts, selected a at it again and again I knew that I had title which practically covers the alpha- reached the end of my geography and bet, if a few skilful combinations of that I would likely spend all of my life letters are worked out. Three or four right in the town in which I was living. letters may be cut at a time from differ- Then, day by day, the thought grew that ent colored paper by holding several lay- with me also the end of geography might ers together. Often there are "shut-ins" be the beginning of missionary enterwho are glad to cut out hundreds of prise. A deeper purpose to go into all letters from these or other patterns, so the world filled my heart. Since then I that a full supply may be always ready have really begun my missionary enterfor the chart makers. terprise, and already two volunteers for the foreij!n field have gone out from my The lettering done in colored crayons Mission Study Class. I trust that this called into use the children's box of is really the beginning." Reuben's Crayons. Vhen the charts are made on cloth, a hot iron pressed on PAGEANTS the crayon work will keep it from rubbing. "What made the deepest impression on you?" was the question asked at an Vhite oil cloth from the five and ten informal meeting at the close of a Sumcent store furnished the material for a mer School. In the bacK: of the audichart with painted letters and figures,in torium a man rose and said: which changes were to be made. "I have charge of a manufacturing The chart maker's "treasure chest" plant with men of many different nawas a familv joke at first, but soon the ti0nalities in my employ. Never in my whole familv· bacame interested in it, life has anything made me realize my and not the familv onlv. but also a wide responsibility to them and my missionary circle of friends· gathered up pictures opportunitv as did that pageant the girls of everv hue to be added to the store- gave of 'Christ in America.' I am going house. ·Soon there was such a collection back home with a new idea and a new on hand that it was an easv matter to ideal." make a chart on any land or ·any subject. This is not an unusual answer to such WHAT ONE MOTTO ACCOM- a nuestion. L~st summer at the Foreign Missions week at Northfield a very PLISHED simple presentation of Mrs. Peabody's and Mrs. :Montgomery's tour of the At a Summer Conference several mission fields was given. It was too unyears ago a woman, who is constantly on pretentious to be scheduled as a pageant, the lookout for opportunities to circulate yet it was such a forceful presentation missionary literature, gave a hundred of the way mission work is conducted in beautiful copies of a motto to delegates. various fields and of the need of the The motto selected was David Living- women of the world for the Gospel, that ston's famous saying: many delegates said it made a deeper im- pression on them than did any other part "The end of the geographical feat of the program. is the beginning of the missionary enterprise."

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J.

The Editor's Message work. At other stations children were gathered in boarding schools for two or JANUARY has been, as usual, a three years and then sent back:. as teachers month of inspiration and information to their own towns. It became evident for all who could be in and near New several years ago that we must have bet- York City. Inportant committees have ter trained teachers and evangelists to been meeting, conferences have been hold the present generation, many of held to consider the medical, educational whom have been familiar with the Gosand evangelistic needs of women in pels from earliest childhood. The English Africa and the Orient, as well as in the Baptists, whose stations on the Lower homeland; the notable annual gathering River adjoin our own, found their need at Garden City has considered all phases for such trained leaders as great as ours, of home base and foreign field with a so the two societies joined together in solemn earnestness that is full of Chris- founding the Congo Evangelical Traintian optimism, and the Federation of ing Institution at Kimpese. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of N ortR America has convened (January Picked men from both societies are 18th) in New York City. sent here for three years' training. All married men are required to bring their OUf next issue of the BUU,ETIN will wives and children for whom training is bring a full account of noteworthy busi- also provided. The Faculty is drawn ness transacted and officers elected, as from both societies. Four years ago the well as a digest of the inspirational ad- tmstees of the Institution invited me to dresses. It is the hope of many that the join the Faculty for work among the coming year may see a wide-spread development of local missionary federa- students' wives. A resident physician is tions. Such a movement would further mission study, the sale of literature, en- very desirable at such an institution, both thusiasm for federated prayer and effort, for the care and instruction of the stuand cordial interdenominational fellow- dent bodv. 'Ve think that we have an ship. If plans are to be large, and suc- ideal ed~cational community. cess assured, there must be great advance in the Oneness for which Christ prays. The student families live in small in- dividual two-room brick cottages back of WORK IN CONGO BELGE which are small cook-houses and a con- siderable stretch of good gardrn land [Life in Congoland i. similar to that of the which they keep under cultivation. Camerun district in Jean Mackenzi~'s "African Sweet potatoes, peanuts, corn, native Trail." This personal letter from a misc;ionary peas and beans and manioc are the there win be of interest to all those who are staples, while down along the stream to studying the Bulu. Belgian Congo lies directly the west are magnificent plantain garsouth of Miss Mackenzie's field.-EDITOR.J drns. The houses are furnished with brick beds cemented over; the walls and There are no schools in Belgian Con- Aoors are also coated with cement and go save mission schools and the entire ca.n be thoroughly cleaned and disinfectburden of education falls on us. From ed when necessary. Native-made tables the beginning our missionaries have and a chair or two complete the simple sought to place native teachers in the fuurnishings. Twice a month I inspect little towns and villages. At Bam:a the houses and cook-houses and insist Manteke for many years we had a school on cleanliness. where men were given eight to ten months' training, preparatory to such The women are in school three hours a day and as practically all have young

children, we allow each woman to bring and, in fact, any good illustrations of with her a small boy or girl to serve as Bible subjects, very useful and would be a nurse for the little ones while she is in pleased to have you mail us those with school. These nurse children compose which your own Primary Department the larger part of the Practice School in has finished. Smaller Bible pictures we which the students receive instruction use to illustrate the women's and chil- and practice in teaching. Many of the dren's composition books. women can neither read nor write when they come to us, for while the men are One old white-haired chief came this picked fellows we have to make the best morning for the third time, much re- of the sort of wives they have chosen and lieved from the ailment from which he do what we can with them. A few prove sought relief. This morning I had a too old or too stupid ever to master the quiet talk with him about getting ac- fine art of reading well, but even such quainted with the good God who could are greatly helped by their three years of relieve his spirit's indispositions and residence here. In my Bible work, I troubles, while I could only relieve those place much emphasis upon story telling of his body, which before many years he and often those who read but haltingly, must lay in the grave. He listened somecan tell a story splendidly. If we can what perplexed, like a little child, and scatter throughout these lower Congo finally said, "I am old, too old to behill towns a goodly number of mothers lieve new things. Tell the children." I with stories to tell to their own and replied that God too was old, older than other children, stories from the dear old the world and would understand, men Book, who knows but that they may could never grow too old to forsake prove as potent forces for good and god- their sins and evil ways and love and liness as the village teacher or preacher? obev the Giver of Life, the God and The Congo mothers sitting on the Father of us all. There are many comground about their cooking pots, picking ing daily for medical attention who are open squash seeds,' have nothing better not Christians and so there are dailv than gossip to retail. They have no opportunities for sowing the good seed wholesome stories, no beautiful fairy of the Kingdom. Pray that we may be tales to waken high resolve and culti- faithful in season and out of season, ever vate imagination in the minds of the mirroring the likeness of the Man of little children. Galilee who went about doing good.

We try to send the women away CATHERINE L. MABIE. thoroughly familiar with the life of our Lord, also with a knowledge of the AN IMPORTANT MEETING IN more prominent Old Testament characters. This year I spent three hours a THE INTEREST OF CHRISTIAN week with the advanced women, all of whom read intelligently, in a study of LITERATURE the lives of Peter and Paul with the Acts as a text-book and their epistles as On Nov. 22, 1917, a mass meeting commentaries. They were immenselv in- was held in the Chapel of the Fifth terested. One woman in her final Avenue Presbyterian Church, New exam. received 98 per cent. on a stiff York. It was the second in a series of paper, because I didn't quite want to meetings in the interest of Christian give her a hundred. We expect them to literature for the women and children help their husbands in the day and Sun- of non-Christian lands, the first having day-schools in their towns when they re- been held in Chicago last year. turn. Mrs. Moon has been training them to teach the younger children in Miss O. H. Lawrence, of the Wom- Sunday-school here throughout the year. an's Board of Foreign Missions of We find the large primary Lesson rolls, the Reformed Church and Secretary of the Woman's Committee for Christian Literature, presided. The devotional service was led by Mrs. A. F. Schallf- fler, who read as a key-note for the

I8] WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

meeting "the longest verse in the Bible." subscription price is twenty-five cents a It was from the book of Esther and con- year, American stamps are accepted at tained the first Bible reference to the ;,hanghaJ, and a subscription here would translation and spreading of literature in place the "'Happy ChIldhood" in the other places by the people of God. She hands of some delighted Chinese boy or urged that in the face of the appalling girl.

need of to-day, owing to the absolute Miss Flora L. Robinson, of the Isa- lack of adequate literature among Chris- bella Thoburn College for women at tian converts in other lands, the Chris- Lucknow, India, gave an illuminating tian women of America might "be come address on the tragic need for literature to the kingdom for such a time as this." among Oriental women. She pointed Miss Alice M. Kyle, Chairman of out that the necessities of the war should the Voman's Committee, gave a brief not lead us to postpone definite action, outline of the beginning, growth and ac- but rather to press the work. She complishments of this branch of wom- showed how we ourselves, since the war an's missionary service. It had its first began, have needed rather more than great impulse at the Ecumenical Con- less of good reading to help us in these ference when Mrs. W. B. Capron, for overwhelming readjustments that have many years a missionary of the Ameri- come and are coming to us. She spoke can Board in southern India, urged that of the pathetic women in Indian towns a committee of women be formed im- and villages, whose husbands and brothmediately for literary work in mission ers had gone to a war they could not fields. The committee took definite understand, and from which it seemed form after the Edinburgh Conference, impossible for them to hear. She picwhen it became a department of the tured a little group she knew, where a Committee on Christian Literature of school child had been bribed to read the the Continuation Committee. It is inter- news to women who hoped they might denominational in character and six of get some word as to the whereabouts ot the Woman's Foreign Boards are rep- their own dear ones, and this incident resented on it. Its development has been she said could be multiplied many times. slow, but its accomplishments in the for- Miss Robinson also pleaded for the stueign field have been real, and already it dent class of India, "those who can read, has been able to meet real needs on the in whom has been created -a hunger, but foreign field. One of these needs was who have nothing with which to satisfy brought to the committee by Mrs. Pea- it." She said that it had been said by body and Mrs. Montgomery on their re- someone "that the longest bread-line in turn from their trip through the Orient the world was the line of hungry three years ago. They had found that hearts." She told of one of the last en- in China, while a small beginning had terprises of that wonderful woman, been made in the way of a magazine for Pandita Ramabai, who had issued a litwomen, there was no Christian chil- tle cookery book with simple recipes dren's magazine in the country. A lit- that Indian women could follow, with a tle magazine of sixteen pages, "Happy passage of Scripture on the back of every Childhood," was started and its popu- page. It is told that already three familarity and circulation have grown until lies at least of the Brahmins, that most now its subscription list is between three difficult caste to reach, have been won to and four thousand and it is estimated the Gospel through this simple book that at least ten thousand Chinese chil- with its heavenly message.

dren are reached, A devoted missionary, The next speaker was Mrs. Henry Mrs. MacGillivray of Shanghai, gives V. Peabody, a member of the Edinher services as editor, and the magazine burgh Continuation Committee, and is nearly self-supporting, the committee chairman of the Central Committee on in America subsidizing it to the amount United Study of Foreign Missions. – She of five hundred dollars a year. The said that she never passed a book: shop

in America that she did not break one of istic books. So eager are the Japanese to the ten commandments, for she found it read that it is the Christian's opportunso hard not to covet just a few books for ity. China is the great literary nation the hungry women and children of the of the world; the literati are the gov- East-" not books of sermons, not erning class, the most influential and tracts," but just the sweet wholesome most highly respected of any people of stories and the bright magazines, that the country. A Chinese coolie, if he had meant so much to our own child- sees a scrap of newspaper on the ground, hood, She told of some of the immedi- ,,-ill pick it up, smooth it out reverently ate crying needs; how the missionaries in allLl pin it to a wall that it may not be India were pleading for just five hun- deilled by the dust or mud of the road. dred dollars which would be enough to All oyer the world, one sees the same start a Christian magazine which would hunger and the same appalling need. help to support itself; of a Japan mis- Christian literature as a means of evansionary who is getting Ralph Connor's gelism, should have its place not at the "Sky Pilot" translated as a labor of love bottom, but very near to the top of our and hoping and praying for the hun- missionary program. dred dollars to issue it in book form; of how that same missionary longs to give INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP Mrs, Richards' "Golden Vindows" to ] apanese children, and how fifty dollars Christian workers are concerned with would finance it to its goal. The de- all phases of the program of the Church, mand for good reading is so great in and the problem of Christianizing in-. Japan that only the initial cost of trans- ternational relations should be an inlating and publishing the first edition of tegral part of the regular program for a book need be paid (from $50 to $100) every Inter-Church Federation and and then it becomes self-supporting, c,'en for every local church.

Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, secretary Christians are beginning to see that of the American Board and chairman of the Church is vitally concerned with the the American Section of Literature effective establishment of a Christian Committee of Edinburgh Continuation 'OTld-order; that international relations Committee, said that Dr. John R. Mott, ElU~t be Christianized, and that, therein answer to a question about the value fore, every church and eyery Christian of the Christian Literature Committee, must be educated in these matters and replied unhesitatingly that he considered must be organized for the accomplishit the most important movement that ment of this great, new and inspiring had come out of the Edinburgh Con- task. ference. Dr. Patton said that an entirely new situation was now before us. Vomen have a genius for teaching Through Christian education in mission and for organizing. They should wellands a great need had oeen created for come everywhere this cal! to do cona litei'ature, and it were better never to structive work at the Home Base; for have given an education than to leave permanent peace with justice is to be that need unsupplied. He told of the the heritage of the next generation, if Japanese, "a reading people," 97 per the children of to-day are trained in cent. of its entire population literate; of heart and mind to demand a Christian how even the taxicab and jinrikisha world-order. coolies could be seen with books in their hands while waiting for passengers; of Such questions as these should arrest the mile and a half of a Tokyo street the attention of everyone interested in solidly lined with book stalls, and of the the Kingdom: literature that was being sold in those stalls to the great reading public. ] apan is 1. Are you a member of the World literally flooded with immoral and athe- Alliance?

2. Is your church informed about International Friendship?

3. Is the study of the topic in the course of your Bible School?

look into the face of that man. I

no idea there were such Chinese." A Modern Missionary Efficiency similar impression was made upon all who heard this splendid product of F ROM Fenchow station as a center, missionary work in China. Dr. Wallace the American Board, with a staff Buttrick, the Secretary of the Rocke- of thirteen American missionarirs, and feller Foundation, upon returning from 120 Chinese evangelists, teachers, medi- a trip to China, compared Mr. Chang cal assistants and Bible women, is c-arry- to the great pagoda on the Yangtsze ing on a great work in YVest China, ill River, which dominates the landscape a territory practically untouchrd by any for many miles around. So towers this other evangelizing agency. Systematic man above his fellows. President Eliot, methods are being used, First comes a of Harvard, spoke of Chang Po-Ling careful investigation of the country; its as the most interesting person he mt"t agricultural, timber and mineral resources and the natural centers of popu- in China. Mr. Chang is a member of lation, so that permanent stations shall be wisely planted. In the past, points the independent Congregational Church selected for missionary occupation have of Tientsin. He conducts a Christian sometimes proved undesirable from a school of 800 boys, which many conpractical point of view. sider to be the best school in the land. His influence upon these boys is seen in With these surveys, the mission force their erect, soldierly bearing, their careis able wisely to locate its churches, hos- fu! attention to deanliness in person and pitals, dispensaries, and opium refuges, its network of schools ranging from a papaptrairoetli,smtheairndinttehleleicr tueaalrnkeesetnnCehs~sistthieainr theological and Bible training school down through the normal, high and character. Mr. Chang has come to the grammar grades to the kindergarten. In United States to place twelve of his the short space of ten years a splendid graduates in American Christian colequipment, strategically located, has leges, and on his own part to engage in come into being, the Gospel being ~tudy at the Teachers' College, Columpreached each week in seventy-seven dif- bia University, New York. – He is an ferent places and the printing press last impassioned advocate of Christianity as year sending forth nearly three hundred the only hope of China. No one should thousand pages designed to uplift the lose a chance to hear and see this man. people socially, economically and reJig– He wiII give one a new idea of the iousJy. The mission conducts a Bible rower of the missionary movement. Study circle among the gentry, officials and literati, with an enrollment of Chinese Memorizing the Bible 350 men. One church has grown in the decade from 37 mpmhers to 350 and I 'I spite of the conflict in which almost in the whole field 4,000 church mem- the entire world is engaged, the year hers have heen gathered. I 91 7 has been the greatest in the history of the Bible Success Band; and the num- An Arnold of Rugby for China ber of booklets issued for 1918 promises to be almost double that of the past year. A BOSTON business man, who In China alone over 25,000 of the 1917 heard Chang Po-Ling speak at booklets were called for; and it is exthe recent annual meeting of the pected that at least 50,000 of the 1918 booklets will be issued in Chinese. The American Board, said: "It was worth Chinese Christians realize fully the blessing that comes from memorizing a trip from Boston to Columbus just to

Scripture; and the missionaries are people and even with brigand chiefs, as keenly interested in promoting the during the past months. Again and movement throughout the Republic. again have they been called in to act as peace-makers or go-betweens. They It is probable that in China and have secured protection for ousted offi- Korea over 16,000,000 verses will be cials and for defenceless women and memorized next year. In Korea, one children i they have obtained from may see at any time a Bible propped up brigands more moderate terms for on the ironing board. the wash tub, or the cities they have captured; they the kitchen table and the earnest faces have even secured safe passage for show that the workers are "meditating Government troops through districts thereon day and night."-The Sunday held by powerful b rig and bands. School Times. . . . Speaking generally, and remem- bering that there are exceptions, the Changes in Tsinanfu progress of our work has not been much hindered by the great unrest. Where " N EVER has the country been more the missionaries have gained influence by open in every direction to out- the part they have been allowed to take, side influence," writes James B. Neal, it may be hoped that the upheaval wiII M.D. "We who have lived in Tsi- tllrn out rather unto the furtherance of nanfu for twenty-five years and more can the Gospel."-The Mission Field. scarcely believe that it is the same city which in former days was one of the Norwegian Missions in China most hostile in the countrv. anrI most opposed to anything in the wav of West- T HE union of the three leading Norern improvements. From being one of we/dan Lutheran Church bodies in the most backward cities, it h~, chang-pd the United States into the Norwef!:ian to be one of the most progre~sive of the Lutheran Church of America has been provincial capitals with its foreign set- fonowed by union on the mission field. tlement, the streets of which are well The first regular conference of the Chimacadamized, broad and electric light- nese Missions has Deen held and will be ed; with its numerous schools of every known as the Lutheran United Mission. grade from the lowest elementary to it~ The new mission carries on its work at large normal school of several hundred 15 stations and out-stations. According students, its law school, its ae-ricnltural. to 1915 statistics, the Chinese workers commercial and industrial schools. and totaled 282; the communicants, 2.618; with a new medical school being plannl'd the total Christian constituency, 5,628. on Western lines. Two evangelists in the employ of the Bible Institute.which is ,If. rHeal College in Manchuria a rather notable part of the Christian T HE first graduates from the Mukwork ;n T,inanfu and now incorporated with th~ Shantung Cl1ristian University den Medical College have comas its Department of University Exten- pleted their course of training under Dr. sion, have within the past few months Christie and his fellow missionaries. visited over two thonsand persons in Their diplomas have the official stamp various shops in the city in order to es- of the Governor of Manchuria-the tablish friend Iv rel ations with them and first time, so far as is known, that such draw their attention to the claims of a thing has been done in China, and a Christianity. proof of the confidence of the local gov- ernment in the completeness of the Missionary Inftuence in China training.

B l~HOP CASSELS, of Western The men who have graduated nun ber twentv. Six of thf"se have heel't , Chin~. writes: "Never in my ex- taken on by the Hospital and College nerience of thirty vears have missionaries as residents and demonstrators, and a had so much influence with officials,

FROM MANY LANDS

seventh is acting in the same capacity J ames, a teacher ill the Kumamoto Gov- without salary. Another is employed as ernment College. The students who itinerant medical evangelist, under the professed conversion to Jesus Christ, guidance. of the College staff. One has sealed their consecration at a meeting on gone to France with the China Labor the top of a nearby hill, and signed a tlattalion. Three have already gone to compact in their own blood to devote mission hospitals in Manchuria, and it themselves to the Christian ministry.

is hoped that two or three others may About one-third of the members of that also be arranged for. One has entered group actually became leaders in the Government military service, and two ministry of the Church in Japan.

others are likely to follow suit. All the About five years ago a second Kuma- students are said to be Christians.- moto Band was formed in the same col- Record of United Free Church of Scot- lege, under the leadership of a graduate land. who was serving as secretary of the Medical Problems in Tibet Kyoto Imperial University Association. This second band met upon the same hill I N Tibet, that country of the wild and signed a compact with their blood frontier, where the one who is strong- pledging themselves to the service of the est prevails, and where crime is pun- kingdom of God. Unlike the earlier ished with a ruthlessness parallel with compact, this later vow pledged them to savagery, the suffering endured by many devote their talents and life to the upof the patients who come to the medical building and extension of the kingdom missionary is beyond description. One of God in whatsoever place God might man, for example, had his right hand wish to use them. Many of this band and his left foot cut off because he was are planning to enter the ministry and caught stealing. The raw stumps of other forms of Christian leadership, but these wounded members were· plunged some are being led into business and proin boiling butter in order to stop the fessional life, where they may do their bleeding. After many weeks of intense best for the great cause.-The North suffering, this man was brought to Dr. A merican Student. Shelton, of the Christian Mission for medical attention. Trained Nurses in Japan Many people, because of the cold of A LMOST all nurses in Japan are the mountains and insufficient protection, from the servant class, ignorant have their feet or hands frozen off. and uneducated. They are constantly They come to Dr. Shelton after they have suffered for several months and ask exposed to the most immoral surroundfor medical help. Of course, in cases like ings and temptations, and something these, he can only give them temporary should be done to elevate the whole relief and show them the kindly spirit of standard of nursing in the country. Christianity in their great suffering. This could be done through a properly organized training school conducted on The custom of crucifixion is still in American lines, and a magnificent opvogue for grosser crimes, and beheading portunity is offered for constructive is a very common practice. In spite of Christian mission work. the ruthlessness of the authorities, the Tibetans are kindly disposed and re- Miss Tsuda, the principal of a Girls' spond very quickly to the tenderness and School in Tokyo, says that a weIlunselfish service of the Christian mis- equipped training school for nurses is sionary. one of the most urgently needed institu- tions in the Far East. The status of JAPAN-CHOSEN trained nurses in Japan, with the excep- tion of those from St. Luke's and the The New Kumamoto Band T HE famous Kumamoto Band was Red Cross Hospitals, is deplorable. formed nearly forty years ago, With a model training school under as a result of the influence of Captain Christian protection and influence, young

women of a much higher class will glad- striking changes. The following is his ly enter the profession. The work al- story of the development of a Korean ready done by St. Luke's, the Protestant church: Episcopal mission hospital, proves this true, and the experiment has command- "Twenty years ago, when I first went ed wide approval throughout Japan. to Korea, I stopped in the little town From such a school, educated girls from of Pyeng Yang and visited a church. good families who have completed their 1t had seven members; it met in a mud training should go out as leaders and hut about ten feet square; it could head nurses to other hospitals in Japan hardly be called a church. The last and Korea.-The Living Church. Sunday I was there (1915) I saw 1,500 members filling every seat on a rainy Opium Growing in Chosen Sunday. They were so busy that they had no time to hear a foreigner speak. REV. E. W. THWING, of the In- Eight hundred of them were out to prayer meeting every Wednesday night, ternational Reform Bureau in and all of them wished to pray. Al- Peking, went to Korea in the summer, ready they have sent out forty-two to investigate a rumor that opium was branch churches. They have the 1,500 being grown there, to be sold to the membership at the home church, and Chinese. He reports that he found it that membership increased from the true, and that he was told that Japanese original membership of seven until they officials had provided the seeds, and had have sent out 30,000." encouraged the Koreans to plant opium, saying that they could make much mon- INDIA, BURMA, CEY:LON ey. Mr. Thwing had an interview with the responsible Japanese officials Indian Christians Wish Representation in Seoul and tried to show them the ruin that would come from this new A T a meeting of influential Indian policy. They said that the Government Christians held in the Young was very strict in regard to the sale and 1Icn's Christian Association auditorium use of opium in Korea, and they gave at Madras, Mr. M. D. Devadoss, barhim copies of the anti-opium laws. They ristcr-at-law, demanded for his communclaimed, however, that opium was still ity separate representation in the legisneeded for medicine;' that in China it latures that are shortly to be constituted, was still planted; that the Chillese according to the recommendations of the wanted it, and opium was bringing high British mission, which is at present in prices. They seemed somewhat ashamed India on a rapid tour of investigation. when Mr. Thwing explained how hard His plea, as reproduced in New India, China had worked to suppress it, and, was: in spite of revolutions and a weak government, had accomplished wonders. "It is very necessary that the Chris- ] apan, with a strong central govern- tians have a representative in the legisment, could easily put down this eviL lative and other bodies. No doubt the Christians have many things in common A new anti-opium campaign is needed. with other people, but there are certain The public opinion of the world must things which are distinctly Christian, speak. Organizations that stand for in- ane! when the interests of Christians ternational justice arc asked to take ac- clash with the interests of other people, tion on this subject, and to bring it to those people will not be able to reprethe attention of the press. Sl'lit the Christians properly. Therefore, they should have their own representa- Growth of a Korean Church tives in all the great institutions of the country. To mark the progress of the SHERWOOD EDDY, in the course Christians, to show that they are a com- of his various trips to the Far munity by themselves, to justify the fact that they by their education and ad- East, has had opportunities to see soine

FROM MANY LANDS

vance are fit to take part in the councils besought the customer to excuse him of the state, they must be given a proper that day, as he was busy! On the deplace which should not be left to the parture of the customer, he said: 'My whim of the electorate, which might or good friend, we are engaged in business might not send proper representatives. much more serious than a sale. God They should have the right to send their knows my needs, and, should He think own representatives, who should be well, He will send that man to me elected, if possible, by the members of again.' Karim is a seeker after God, their own community." and this seeking is with him a matter of deep concern. He has never resented Evangelism in the Indian Church our talk about Christ; on the contrary, he expects it, and, so far as I know, not WITHIN the Church in India an once has any bitterness entered into his . unusual spirit of evangelism is speech as we have considered together the claims of the Saviour." spreading. At the last meeting of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian India Inspired by China's Example Church in India, it was decided that the time had come for a special and I ND IAN Christians point to missiondefinite campaign to win men and ary work in China as an example of women to Christ in all the different Christian unity. An article in the sections. The plans originated at that Dnyanodaya of Bombay, after saying, time have met with a splendid response "Those who come out of the non-Chrison the part of the Indian Church. tian communities have no historical or Never before has this Church shown sentimental reason for wishing to introsuch universal readiness to take up the duce the unfortunate divisions of the challenge of the unconverted multi- Vest. For these reasons it is overtudes; never before such an uprising of whelmingly important that missons of its forces. Of those engaged in the many kinds should earnestly co-operate campaign, there were three volunteers and often should organically unite," to everyone employed. They went goes on to say: "In Canton a Union forth into city and village. Christian Theological College is being organized students in the colleges, high schools under the auspices of eight different and other educational institutions were American and English missionary oramong the most enthusiastic helpers. ganizations. The Church of England Three such in Forman Christian Col- bishop has given Dr. Fulton, the Preslege at Lahore, pledged themselves for byterian President, a most cordial letter life for definite Christian service. urging Episcopalians in America to con- tribute funds for this union theological A Moslem "Seeker" in Bengal college! (Praise God.) In such joint institutions students of every section of A N English missionary to Moslems the Church will receive from an in Bengal writes : "We meet not instructor of their own church a few who are growing dissatisfied both special instruction in its particular tenwith their prophet and their book. ets, while the students of all the denomi- They have a secret desire to know more nations will receive common instruction of Jesus Christ. One such Moslem in most branches. When can anything was Karim, the 'gracious,' an elderly like such a union theological institution man, of humble position, who keeps a be organized in India? tiny shop. "What God is doing in China He "One of our evangelists first found him, wishes to do and will do in India, if He not many months ago. During one of is not hindered by mistaken narrowness my visits he unwittingly taught me a on the part of foreign and Indian leadlesson of more humble reliance upon ers in India." God. When a customer intruded upon our talk, Karim, with singular politeness,

MOSLEM LANDS this year as I called on her in passing Christian Literature for Moslem Children through she has taken me by the hand and led me into her room and called A RECENT report on Moslem the other women of the house Lands, presented to the Executive and the boys to hear me read.

Committee of the World's Sunday The daughter-in-law of the caravan- School Association by Bishop Hartzell serai man in Sahnah, who used to shows how the Foundations in character quarrel with the other women of the building among Moslem children are be- household for coming to meetings, has ing laid by giving the Gospel and Chris- made a dinner for me in the garden tian literature to the childhood of North and invited me to her house, listened Africa, Persia, Arabia, Egypt and the most attentively to the Word and in- Sudan. Under the leadership of Rev. vited others to hear also. One of the Stephen V. Trowbridge, the World's maids of the Khan's house at Jabrabad Sunday School Secretary for Moslem learned the Lord's Prayer in two days Lands, notable work has already been and was so happy at the thought of hav- done and is increasingly appreciated by ing a Father in Heaven, that when she Egyptian Christians as well as by the spoke of coming to Kermanshah and I missionaries. About 350 Moslem boys asked her if she had any people there, are under efficient Christian teaching in she said-'I have my Father in Heaven the day and Sunday-schools of the wherever I go, so what do I need of American Mission in Egypt. There are other people?' "

655 boys and girls, of whom 293 are Moslems in mission schools in the Needs of Teheran College, Persia Sudan where Dr. Zwemer estimates NEW buildings are greatly needed by there are 1,500,000 Moslem children Teheran College, which is located under fourteen years of age. Doors are opening also for Christian literature in the capital city of Persia. This is one among the 35,000,000 Malay Moslems, of the most promising of missionary edu- and among the throngs in Sierra Leone, cational institutions.

West Africa. Sixteen years ago, the number of pu- To furnish wholesome Christian liter- pils was sixty-six, and only twenty-two were Mohammedans. In recent years, ature for Moslem boys, Mr. Trow- the over-crowded enrollment has been – bridge has translated into Arabic the ?40, and 350 of them belong to the rul- life of Dr. Hogg, "A Master Builder lllg race. of the Nile." If the world is to be "made safe for democracy," democracy Among these have been an even dozen must be made safe for the world by the of the sons or grandsons of prime min- supreme leadership of Christ. One great isters, sons of other cabinet ministers, or factor in this campaign must be whole- royal princes, of members of Majless some Christian literature for childhood (Congress), and of the other noblest and and youth. most influential families of the whole empire-boys who by their birth are Winning Persian Women destined· to be the rulers of Persia. Many MRS. F. W. STEAD, of the Pres- of these boys come twenty, thirty, forty byterian Mission in Kermanshah, days' journey by caravan, and remain in the school for years, without returning Persia, writes of some of her encourag- home. ing experiences among the women: "Among the most interesting cases I The spirit of the school is democratic.

have had is the old mother of the The sons of princes and high officials Ghazi in Bisitu who, when we first mingle on terms of perfect equality with began going there, was so bigoted that the children of the poor of every race and she would not enter my room nor allow creed.

me to sit on her dirty rug, but twice The earnest enthusiasm for education,

FROM MANY

the remarkable success of the day school, Dr. Watson's imagination has been and of the self-supporting boarding de- captivated by the prospect for Egypt partment, the present over-crowded and the entire Near East after the war, quarters, and the college site already se- assuming, of course, that the pernicious cured, constitute a mi~hty call to the influence of the Turk:.' is to be brok:.en. home Church. "Imagine," he says, "the Near East freed, including Turkey, Arabia, Per- AFRICA sia and Egypt, with a vast area of al- most 3,000,000 square miles-more than TArmenian Refugees at Port Said twice that of India-with a population HE little congregation of Protest- of almost 50,000,000, freed from the ant Armenian refu~ees at Port blighting influences which have limited Said were, before their terrible experi- its population, retarded its industrial deence, inhabitants of six villages in Asia velopment and degraded its moral and :Minor and most of them belonged to spiritual ideals. Imagine Egypt at the the old Armenian or Gregorian Church. center, geographically, of this liberated Their religious cen:monies were recited world of the Near East. Think of the in a dead language-old Armenian, not start it has by virtue of the political libunderstood by the present generation. erties and industrial development which So these members of the "Illuminator's the British occupation has secured for it Church," as they called it (after St. in the past thirty-five years. Consider Gregory the "Illuminator"), were in its strategic location along the highway dark: ignorance of the Gospel. About of the nations, the Suez Canal. From fifty years ago, the efforts of American Egypt may be exerted influences making missionaries brought them the Evangel- for enlightenment, for moral uplift, for ical Movement, and introduced a Turk:.- spiritual regeneration, such as the New ish translation of the Scriptures. About Day in the Near East demands."-The eighty families from these six villages Christian Express. were converted, but it has been very difficult to maintain a Christian atmos- The Basel Mission on the Gold Coast phere among a people who have had no mental preparation for it; no back:.- T HERE will doubtless be many misground with which to apprehend spirit- sionary readjustments after the ual things. Since their arrival on Egyp- war. For example: the Basel Mission tian soil, Rev. Dikran Andreassian, a has been at work in the Gold> Coast for native pastor, has cared for the spiritual seventy years. While it is a Swiss socineeds of a congregation of about seven- ety, it has drawn the greater part of its ty families. He writes that "The sow- financial support and a large number of ing has not been without its crops, the its missionaries from South Germany. most prominent part of which is diffused The work it has accomplished has won in the hearts and lives of men and wom- the highest praise from government ofen-something which numerical stati~­ tics cannot comprise." ficials and other impartial observers. A A Great Future for Egypt Christian community numbering 25,000 baptized persons has been built up and DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, of 8,330 pupils attend the schools. Cairo, is well qualified to speak: of The British Government recognizes things as they are and as they are likely the value of the work and is anxious to be in Egypt. He says, "Comparing that everything possible should be done Egypt of two years ago with Egypt of to save it from injury, but has conclud- 1917, certain marked changes are dis- ed that it is necessary that all German cernible. Then, business conditions were influence be eliminated from the Misgreatly depressed. To-day Egypt seems sion. This means that a new society to be prospering, Cairo especially so; must be formed to take over the Ge~­ there is great activity in many lina" man work on the Gold Coast. An ap- peal has been made to the U nited ~ree

Church of Scotland to co-operate in the stupid old error in English of thinkconserving the results already gained ing that this means Ethiopia coming to and the Foreign Mission Committee feel beg a boon from God. .No, the very that the call is not one which can be same Psalm that says that Ethopia shall set aside, in spite of the difficulties due soon stretch out her hands to God, exto the claims of the war on the young plains this as not begging but bestowing manhood of the nation. A Christian in the words. 'Becau.se of thy temple at community of 25,000 Africans cannot Jerusalem shall kings bring presents be left without provision for their spirit- unto Thee. . . . Ethiopia shall etc.' ual and educational needs. "It is of the land of the slaves that it The only other large mission in the Gold Coast is that of the Wesleyan is written. 'Princes shall come out of Methodist Society, which faces such . . . Ethiopia,' and we are trying to great demands for expansion that they build up a church of no-begging but cannot accept further responsibility. ever-bestowing Africans who will freely The deputies of the United Free Church give because they freely received. Perof Scotland who have studied the situa- haps we did wrong, but. these natives tion say: "The difficulties are great j have lived with me for a quarter of a they must be frankly recognized, but century and with their own eyes they with the will to serve, they are not in- saw us turn away costly gifts of ivory superable." They, therefore, plan to and rubber worth thousands of pounds; take up the work. saw us refuse to develop great economic resources, lest by so doing our own Training Evangelists for the 'Congo souls and the souls of these young Lu- bans would suffer thereby."

"NEVS comes from our African Church Union in South Africa mission," says a writer in The T HE Christian Express, published in ~lissionarjJ 1ntelligencer, of the Foreign Lovedale, South Africa, comments Christian Missonary Society, "that all editorially as follows on church condi- the stations are delighted with the tions in that part of the world: Bolenge school for evangelists, which has recently been started. This is the "Historically the Independents and beginning of a strong school for the Presbyterians have been very closely astraining of all our younger native evan- sociated. The Scotch Covenanters for gelists in the work. It is believed by the Presbyterians, Cromwell and his the mission that courses laid out in this Ironsides and the Pilgrim Fathers for school will be of great help to the young the Independents, these are a historical preachers coming on. The Congo peo- and spiritual ancestry of which no man ple did not have any school until our and no church need be ashamed. The missionaries went to them. They did coming together of their descendants is not even have a written language, and a natural thing. We are glad to see our workers have had to start the edu- that the South African Presbyterian cational service from the ground." Assemblywelcomed the proposal and has appointed a committee 'to consult and Promise for Ethiopia Fulfilled report.' It is an unhappy fact that a further union with the great Dutch A FTER describing a very effective Presbyterian Church of this country has and picturesque sermon by a Con- not yet even been suggested." go preacher, Dan Crawford says: CGerman East Africa "Well done, Ethiopia! Surely this is ANON ROGERS has been trying a true stretching out of your hands unto to resuscitate the work of the God. It is curious that all through Church Missionary Society in the ter- Africa this idiom for 'stretching out the ritory formerly German East Africa, hands' exactly agrees with all the usages which has now been entirely occupied in Hebrew, and therefore disagrees with

FROM MANY LANDS

.by the British. He paid a visit in May Sunday the Alum congregation pledged 3,465 days of work for the Lord. to Buigiri and M vumi. He heard re- Efulen's pledge is 5,995 days. That means souls." ports from most of the agents, and they were generally very encouraging. With scarcely an exception these agents had been making efforts to carr~ on ~he NORTH AMERICA wofoarkn~ although they were not 111 receIpt A New Idea in Community Service salary. They kept on in spite of lack of supervision and, in some cases, in I N many small towns in t~e United States, there is an awakemng to the the face of the opposition of the head- men. Everywhere Canon Rogers heard importance of saving the boys and girls of keenness to learn to read, and of men by providing positive helpfulness in and women being under instruction with place of merely negative commands.

a view to baptism. One town-Marysville-a little village In May last the Rev. R. H. Leakey of 3,000 out in Kansas,. is like most spent three weeks in Bukoba in Ger- other country places, wIth no great man East Africa to the west of the temptations but also without much en- Victoria Nyanza, and he has since pro- tertainment for the young folks. They ceeded thither with Mrs. Leakey to make their own entertainment, and it is take over the work of the Lutheran not always of the best. The men and Mission in that region. He speaks of women who wanted to remedy this con- the mission as having apparently existed dition organized a Community I:I0~se more for the purpose of trading than Association. They secured a bUlldmg anything else. There is a "good house and equipped it as a neighborhood for the European in charge, an excellent club with a reception room, with stthoerre~ and a fine carpenter's shop, but cmahgaai;~sindeasv.enApormtsaatrnodntaisbliens loaded with is no church, and a wretched charge. At class-room does duty as a school." All one side are the office of the county the teachers had been baptized and Y. M. C. A. and a room for boys, with trained in Uganda, and in May there games, books and papers.

was a baptismal roll with forty-four On the other side is a club room nchaimlders~nf.ourWohf ewnhitchhe were of European where the girls' and women's clubs may German mission- meet. It has a library, with 2,000 volaries left there were nine out-stations, umes. In the large room the town's and since then the Baganda tt'acher left meetings are held; musical entertainin charge has opened ten others. On ments are given weekly; Bible classes Trinity Sunday Mr. Leakey baptized meet gt hroewr ei'~gcosmpmi r iitttoeef shaerlepffurleneestso use it. thirty-eight men and six women, who A is per- were catechumens at the outbreal: of meating the smaller cities and is getting war. into the lives of people. Churches are Alrican Thristians at Work being rebuilt; school houses are use~ A PRESBYTERIAN missionary in evenings as well as by day; the women s West Africa writes: "The rather new departure at Efulen of the ~eop~e clubs are discussing social hygiene, betgoing out without pay and gathenng 111 the harvest of souls, which is so ripe, is ter babies, playgrounds, medical inspecyielding a splendid fruitage. At E!ulc:n alone there have been 229 converts In SIX tion of schools and similar topics inweeks. . . . There is a spirit of work and zeal that has never been there before stead of reading erudite papers on except in the early days whefl the Christians were doing the work themselves Shakespeare and Browning. and not paying evangelists. On a recent A Chinese Finds Pagans in America A LETTER written to a friend in China by a Chinese Christian who has come to the United States to study, is suggestive of some of the things that

need remedying in America. This Chi- of Commerce, the Board of Education, nese says: and a Committee of which Chancellor "What a nation is America! Full of 11cCormick, of Pittsburg" University, good and full of vices. What a tempting was chairman.

place for the young men of China who come to study! It is my sincere hope Armenians in America that they will get the best out of ONE aspect of the sufferings of the America and put themselves in the Armenian people, perhaps little way of Christian influence. Before I came to America, I thought thought of, is the anxiety and sorrow of the church members knew more the thousands of Armenians in America, about Christianity than the Chinese. who have had no word of their loved N ow I know that most of them ones, nor learned of their tragic do not know what Christianity is. A fate. A rug merchant in N ew York told Christian nation, yet full of pagans! to a sympathetic inquirer how thirteen You may think that I make too bold a years ago he had brought his Armenian statement, yet the fact is there."-The bride to America. Business prospered and Livin!1 Church. in 1914, to celebrate their tenth wedding anniversay,he sent his wife and little ones An Educational Commission from Japan home for a visit to their parents. "Then," he said, "came the war! They A MONG the more or less official had just arrived at their destination, and bodies from other lands which have I acted promptly, you may believe. The been in the United States in recent authorities at Washington were most months was a group of twelve Japanese kind. Through the Embassy at Conschool principals, selected by the Edu- stantinople they located my wife and the cational Department of the Japanese children, and forwarded money I Government from the middle schools, placed in their hands. I learned that my but financed by a Japanese magazine, dear ones were well, but alas ! – I could who visited New York, Philadelphia and not hear from them. 110re than two Pittsburg. Mr. K. Sasaki, principal of years have passed, and still there is no one of the high schools in Tokyo, was personal letter, though I am assured that chairman of the party. These school- they are still preserved. vVhile they are masters received a special welcome not not permitted to return, I have not lost simply by educational and civic organi- hope that I shall see them again. But zations, but by Sunday-school leaders. you can imagine my feelings in view of They expressed the deep impression made what I know is taking place all around upon them by the fact that America them, that practically all the Armenians while busy commercially, and in vast of the town where they are have been war preparations, was equally busy 0 in killed or driven away, and that any day social service lines and was emphasizing I may learn that they are no moretremendously the spiritual. In Brook- o or worse!"

lyn, Philadelphia and Pittsburg, they had opportunity for a study of some Mormon Doctrine in War Time representative Sunday-schools so that they could observe at close range the in- MORMONS have not given up timate and necessary relationship be- polygamy! Americans who have tween the public school and the Sunday- believed that agitation for a constitu- school in the development of a rounded tional amendment on the subject is un- character. necessary will he surprised to learn that In Pittsburg, through arrangements the Mormons not only have been advo- made by Mr. H. J. Heinz, Chairman cating in Europe that, in view of the of the Executive Committee of the destruction of the male population in World's Sunday School Association, the war, more than one woman should be visitors were entertained by the Chamber married to each surviving man, but

I 8J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

also that propaganda to promote polyg- two little Japanese girls. After that the meeting was turned over to the amy is being conducted in America as chairmanship of a Los Angeles citizen, -a former 'Christian.' The speakers weIl. The Continent presents the facts as follows: "By an arrangement which must have were a city councilman; a citizen whose been made through some newspaper svn- theme was that 'all great teachers like dicate agency, a considerable number' of Buddha and Christ 'v~re climbing a daily papers in this country have been mountain, each from a different side of persuaded to publish four successive the hill, all hound for the same top, and articles in favor of polygamy from the in his opinion what they should do was pen of Susan Youn!!; Gates of Utah. the to Quit quarreling and do more climb- daughter of Brigham Young. Mrs. ing.'

Gates makes boast of the fact that she "Then there spoke a woman from was born into a family of nineteen India, a prophet from Persia, and the wives, and cites the experience of her British consul. The last speaker was the childhood as the basis on which she .Tapanese consul who said that 'Chris- recommends poly,e-amy as the ideal mar- tianitv should make a better study of riage relation. Everv word that she Buddhism before pronouncing it super- writes is an insult to the domestic ideals stition, that it had the same love and of Christendom, but nothing else that compassion that Jesus taught.'

she says quite equals the effrontery of "Such speakers do not know Bud- her declaration that polygamy can only dhism in its practical effects nor do they be a blessing where it is consecrated b~ know Jesus Christ and His Gospel." rrli!dous motives under divine sanctio~.

This, of course, is a direct chaIIenge LATIN AMERICA from the heart of Mormonism to the The Earthquake in Guatemala evangelical churches of America." IN the last weeIc of December a great :Buddhism in America earthquake shook Guatemala City 'XTE have often been warned that if and leveled all buildings to the ground. Over one hundred thousand people were V V American Christians do not rendered homeless, but few were killed. The Presbyterian Mission houses, in- Christianize the Orient, then the Orient cluding the new Hospital and Training wiII de-Christianize America. I t is a School for Nurses, and the Girls' School, contest to prove which is the vital and were destroyed. The other mission stavitalizing religion. It is rather startling tion at Quezaltenango was not injured. to learn that in Los Angeles 1,200 Tap- The American Red Cross has sent 5,000 anese were 'recently converterl to Bud- tents and other relief to the stricken city. dhism. There are over 4,000 Japanese An earthquake also recently devastated Buddhists in Seattle and thev have con- portions of San Salvador. tributed lavishly toward the building and support of a magnificent Buddhist A temple. In all, there are seventy-four Fresh Trouble in Mexico temples in the United States devoted .to the worship of Buddha, most of these LL friends of Mexico hope that being on the Paciflc Coast, from which the country is not to slip back into the propaganda is being carried on civil strife and disorder just as it seemed among the white races. A California that the land was to have a stable gov- missionary describes in Men and Mis- ernment once more and a chance for sions a Buddhist meeting, packed with . peaceful development. Report comes an immense audience and lasting from that Villa has broken out again with a 2 :00 until 5 :30 P. M.: much larger number of men in his train "First there was an ovation to Bud- than it was supposed he could get to- dha, made by a priest; then a presenta- gether and that he is terrorizing north- tion made to an image of the God by ern Mexico. He succeeded in taking

Ojunago, three hundred miles from rescue destitute children and train them Chihuahua, where the American Board to become honest and useful citizens. has one of its stations, compelling most 7,149 boys and girls were under the ca~e of the Carrancistas to flee across the bor- of the Homes at the end of last year, der into the United States. Conditions in Chihuahua are regarded critical as and they have admitted 4,744 children the withdrawal of General Murguia to the south has left the city with a reduced since war broke out. garrison and a less efficient commander. Wild reports are in circulation as to The Soldier and His Testament Villa's plans and there is much anxiety as to what will happen next. R EV.NORMAN MacLEAN, D.D., of Edinburgh, who has spent In view of Villa's boasted antagon- several months in the army camps in ism to all Americans, it will be neces- France, writes in the Record of the sary for missionaries, as well as others National Bible Society of Scotland: from the United States, to be on their "There is one thing the soldier greatly guard. It is not a question of antipathy prizes, and that is his New Testament. to missions or even to individuals, but of In the huts there is a constant request general hatred of everything American for Testaments, and these requests are on the part of this ignorant and lawless never refused. No soldier need go up rebel chief. It remains to be seen to the front without the words of eterwhether the government in the South nal life in his knapsack. One of my will be strong enough and resolute cherished memories is a soldier coming enough to counteract this new danger. up after a service and showing me his Testament, and the way in which the Opening a Mission in Costa Rica bulIet had pierced it, and half way through had been deflected, and saved D R. GEORGE A. MILLER, Su- his life. Such a Testament was too perintendent of the Methodist precious to be risked any further, and Mission in Panama, recently visited the he asked me to take it home to his Republic of Costa Rica with a view to mother. exploring the missionary possibilities, the Methodist Episcopal Church having "While it would be foolish to expect been requested by the Inter-denomina- regeneration from high explosives and tional Committee on Latin American l'renches, yet, when the great army FIelds to survey and occupy this field. They found the door wide open. From comes home, the men will welcome the the President to the man on the street, scores of people heartily welcomed the warmer breath of love and brotherhood missionary representatives and urged such as the Church will give them. It them to inaugurate work at once. Both is that more fervent atmosphere of love that the Church needs most to provide the capital, San Jase, and Cartago, the for the returning soldiers."

second city, are especially inviting. Evangelizing British Hop-Pickers Costa Rica has the most energetic people and the best organized industry of AEO UT the time when the noble any Central American country, and is and wealthy magnates of the West at present without Protestant work, ex- End of London leave for the country, a cept for a weak independent mission. As soon as funds are available strong kind Providence sends about 90,000 evangelical work should be established. dwellers of the East End also to the EUROPE country, to the fields and meadows of Kent, Sussex and other home coun- Barnardo's Homes ties, where you find them by the end of August and aU September, with M ANY Englishmen are now seeing their children, engaged in the lightest of a patriotic significance in the all employments, gathering the fragrant worlc of Dr. Barnardo's Homes, which fruit of the hop plant. Very few of them ever enter a house of worship. Here, however, the church which they care not to attend in town is brought to them in

18 ] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS .157

the country. The several missions to missionary, who hoped to settle there in the hop-pickers send earnest, godly men, October and to open a regular "Foyer." who visit the camps of the hop-pickers, In the meantime the Protestant church and are usually beset, and nearly upset, was placed at the disposal of the Mala- by the rush for hymn-books. gasy for a Sunday afternoon service. A committee of lIalagasy arranges for It is a weird sight on a moonless night native preachers"dlen a European misaround a blazing fire to watch the inner sionary is not present. At iIarseiIIes, ring of little children seated on the grass Toulouse, Bordeaux, and other places, and the crowd of men and women stand- similar work is being done by local pasing behind them, and going back into tors and other Christians. the darkness, all listening eagerly and with the stillness of a cathedral service, Missions in the Trenches to the Gospel of salvation, or singing together the hymns of gladness and life. T HAT there is considerable religion in the trenches of Europe is a fact Who can compute how much the which we are coming to realize, but "Mission to the Hop-Pickers" means· to that this trench religion at times takes nearly a hundred thousand people, re- on a missionary aspect will surprise leased from the slums and other low many. A missionary meeting in the haunts of congested cities, and given trenches! Speakers from the missionary three to five weeks' sojourn in the open front in Africa, China, India holding country? These people are given light hardened soldiers spell-bound by their employment, and receive in wages the tales of spiritual victories among the means to enable them to face the rigors non-Christian races of the world I-such of the approaching winter, to pay their things we had hardly thought possible. rent and carry with them many Scripture portions and booklets, the circula- A missionary from Papua, British tion of which among them now numbers New Guinea, has been giving lectures at several millions.-Life of Faith. the front on such topics as "Racial Problems in Relation to Christianity," Work Among Colonials in France "Our Duty to the Veaker Races," "The Ultimate Aim." These lectures T HE Journal des ~lissions publishes are followed by discussions often con- interesting details of the efforts tinuing far into the night. put forth by French Protestants for the help of their fellow Protestants amongst The Gospel in Spain the ever-growing number of natives of the French colonies arriving in France. T HE Spanish Branch of the Vorld's N early the whole of the Tahitians, the Evangelical Alliance has determajority of the New Caledonians, and mined to celebrate. the fiftieth anniverat least half the Malagasy are said to be sary of the permission to preach the Protestants. To these must be added a Gospel in Spain. It has framed an atlarge number of Basutos, who come tractive program for the meetings in from what is now a British colony, 1918, and it is hoped that the Congress which was originally evangelized by to be held in Madrid, in October, will French Protestant missionaries, and in mark a new starting point in Spanish which the great majority of professing evangelization. Until 1868 it was a Christians look to the Paris Missionary crime for Spaniards to possess a copy of Society as their spiritual parents. the Bible in their own tongue and the practice of the Inquisition was contin- At the great naval port of Toulon ued after the abolition of that instituthere were, at the beginning of July, tion. In 1868 Queen Isabella was drivabout 1,500 Malagasy, about 1,000 of en from Spain and the exiles for conwhom were Protestants. For a year science were permitted to return to their past, those who can do so have attended native land. The late Bishop Cabrera a small gospel hall situated far from the barracks. They have been visited by a

was told by General Prim that he could plan. Not many years since, the colony go wherever he wished with "his Bible embraced nearly 1,300 lepers, while tounder his arm." Since that time the day there are but 600. The Mormons story of evangelical work has been also have a church in l1olokai." marked by years of persecution and times of tolerance. Much has been ac- MISCELLANEOUS NOTES complished in the presence of very great obstacles. Much more requires to be Unexplored Mindanao done before Spain knows the Gospel, and it is to be hoped that the condition of W HEN a part of the Micronesia Europe next year will permit foreign :Mission was transferred from the delegates to join their Spanish brethren American Board to the London :Missionin celebrating the Jubilee.-Evangelical ary Society, Rev. and .Mrs. Frank J. Christendom. Voodward, formerly at work in the Gilbert Islands, joined the Philippine ISLANDS OF THE SEA Mission, with station at Cagayan, Min- danao. Writing from Zamboanga, the The Lepers in Hawaii very westernmost point of Mindanao, Mr. Voodward says: FLEMING H. REVELL, of New York, during a trip to Hawaii vis- "A few weeks ago Captain Fort dis- covered a new tribe of people living some ited the leper settlement on the Island hundreds of miles north of Davao. The of Molokai. He says: people of this tribe had never been vis- ited by a white man, neither had they "I found a scattered settlement. seen a horse. Buildings were mostly in groups at widely separated points-boys' homes, "Captain Fort told us of the discovgirls' homes, cottage homes for families, ery, some months previously, of a tribe and others for male or female adults, numbering about five thousand that had school buildings, recreation hall, hospi- not been known to exist. From what I tal and a goodly number of detached can learn, it appears that most of the homes where families containing one or interior peoples are more open to the more lepers were allowed certain sec- teaching of the Gospel than those along tions of land to cultivate and upon the coast, making an exception of the which to build. In common with my ~loros and Manobos. Captain Fort esexperience in other leper settlements vis- timates the population of Mindanao to ited, in Cuba, Jamaica, Central Amer- be at least 800,000." ica, I found here no indication that patients were either despondent or morose. OBITUARY They were the reverse-patient, if suffering keenly: otherwise entering heart- William Y. King of Toronto. ily into recreations and entertainments. O N November 30, 1917, Mr. Will- "The moral and religious work and iam Y. King, the American Secinfluence are mostly in the hands of the retary-Treasurer of the China Inland Roman Catholics. A priest and four Mission, died suddenly in Toronto, Can- 'brothers' appear devoted to their work ada, as the result of a stroke. Mr. in connection with the boys' homes. King was born at Ingersol, Ontario, on The grave of Father Damien is to be September 5, 1869, and after some exseen in the little churchyard. The Girls' perience in his father's flour mill, en- Home is presided over by a Mother Su- tered into business in Montreal. He perior and with three 'sisters' who de- was a zealous Christian, prayerful, tactvote themselves to this department. ful and humble. He became deeply interested in missions when his sister "A strict segregation of lepers is insti- went as a missionary to China in 1896. tuted under American laws. A notable Later he visited China with his wife and decrease in numbers attests the impor- on his return in 1910 was invited to tance and the beneficial effect of this become treasurer of the China Inland Mission. China From Within: Impressions and ers. The plain country folk: and their Experiences. By Charles Ernest Scott, plainer homes; their fairs and their M.A., D.D. Illustrated. 327 pp. $1.75 theatres; floods and famines and plagues net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New which so often decimate them; the spe- York. 1917. cial political unrest of recent years and its effect 1.pon the people and the infant F EW theological seminaries have ever Church; the itinerant's d1.sty, windy, listened to a course of lectures like muddy trials leading to churches in the these delivered before Princeton Semi- house where all sorts of pathetic and trinary men in 1914-1915. In form and umphant scenes are witnessed :-these material they are better adapted for are the substance of nearly t"FO hundred popular reading than for anything like a pages of the volume. Perhaps the most critical student audience. Seven chapters striking pictures are those describing of missionary material are prefaced by communion services held under all two more general in character dealing sorts of incongruouus circumstances. with "The Land and the People" ani The constant refrain of victory through "Racial Traits." The latter chapters prayer and faithful witnessing is a joy are more oratorical and less valuable of the book, as readers of The Sunday than the missionary sections, being large- School Times, where some of the best ly quotations of varying degrees of auth- sections have previously been published, ority with no attempt to verify refer- will recall. ences, as Princeton students are supposed to do or to have done for them. .Much as we approve of this volume, we must point out some features that The other chapters are uniquely de- are open to criticism. Vhy should the tailed and make the reader see the Holy author almost invariably speak of things Land of China, the Province of Shan- Chinese in depreciatory terms-always tung, in its dire need and its great hope- muddy, squalid, filthy, disgusting; and fulness. ·Missionaries doing deputation of the unevangelized people as unworthy work will find here the sort of in- and evil in all their works and ways, exformation most welcome among the cept in his rhetorical preface? The churches, and with certain desirable writer has seen the work in Shantung variations mentioned below, they may and knows the truth of much that is well follow Dr. Scott's plan. In the chap- here said; yet there is a brighter side, ter on the work in cities, a valuable even when the people are not converts, scheme is set forth, practicable in some that ought also be presented. If 1.-1r. sections of China and well illustrated in Scott were to meet Christian Chinese what the Presbyterians are attempting educated in America, the very class who in Shantung, known as the City Evan- if won are so helpful to missions, he gelization Enterprise. In a Chines('- ,,'o1l1d see resentment on their faces as manned Jesus Doctrine Preaching Hall, costing $5,000 each and to be planted in he presented to the future ministers of a all the strategic cities, will be found the great denomination-and to the reading varied ministrations of an institutional public-this revolting picture of the and indigenous church, when the plan homes and deeds of their non-Christian is fully developed. The author's own countrymen. They would as Christians center ·at the German-built Tsingtao on query some of his proofs of answered Kiaochou Bay is made to be the key of prayer, such as the featured one of pages the entire situation-a wonderfully de- 269-273, though they would add that veloped occidental city. the volume contains abundant proof of the power of prayer that is not question- But it is rural evangelization which most interests O1.r a1.thor and his read- able. They would also deplore his fre-

quent introduction of the Chinese lan- interest; but alas, it was later declared to guage romanized after a system that is be a literary fraud. A man who could applicable only to a local patois pain- manufacture such a book must have refully "wild and woolly." markable gifts even though veracity is not one of them. The present volume Directory of Protestant Missions in by :Mr. Bland may, however, be re- China. 1917. Edited by Charles L. garded as authoritative. The author Boynton. 12mo. 313 pp. Christian has had ample opportunities to know Literature Society, Shanghai. 1917. China in general and Li Hung-Chang in particular. He has written an admir- T HIS directory is prepared for the able biography, one which should be in China Continuation Committee every public library and in the hands and contains very valuable and up-to- of all students of China and of interdate information. In addition to the national affairs. regular features of other volumes it contains an alphabetical index of abbrevi- The Soul of France. By Rev. Ruben ations of names of societies, dates of the Saillens, D.D. 8vo. 274 pp. (55 net). opening of stations, statistics as to each Morgan and Scott, London. 1917. station and explanatory footnotes. M ANY books have been written This volume contains the names and about France but none with such addresses of over 4,000 missionaries and fine appreciation and discrimination as facts about their stations and society, but not thf'ir length of service. This latter this. Dr. Saillens is a Frenchmanwould be a useful addition. born in Lyons i-he is a Protestant and "Li Hung-Chang." By]. O. P. Bland. an earnest Christian worker, but he sees 327 pp. $2.00 net. Henry Holt and the good in Roman Catholics and others Company, New York. 1017. from whom he differs. The picture of France and Frenchmen that he gives us I I HUNG-CHANG was one of is not a passing, superficial glimpse, but ~ the greatest statesmen of the nine- a historical survey and an intimate inteenth century and one of the extraor- ~ight into the true soul life of the nadinary men of history. The late Hon- tion and of individuals. orable John V. Foster, who was thoroughly familiar. with the public men of The book is well written and worth his generation, declared that "Li Hung- reading. It reveals the poverty and Chang was not only the greatest man wealth of French religious life from the the Chinese race has produced in mod- beginning. Dr. Saillens describes the ern times, but, in a combination of early days of the nation, the reformation, qualities, the most unique personality the religious peculiarities of various sects of the past century among all the na- and classes, the spirit of some great tions of the world. The last one hun- writers and leaders; the revolution, the dred years have produced many men of nineteenth century revival, the Second scholarship, several great generals, a Empire and the present war. There are number of statesmen of distinguished strong characters studies of such men as ability and success, and a few diplomats Robert Haldane, Merle d'Aubigne, of high rank; but no one of these can Oberlin, Monod, and others. There are be singled out as having combined in some very striking incidents, especially his person all these attainments in such those relating to soldiers in the present an eminent degree as Li Hung-Chang." war. Intelligent men and women everY'vhere are interested in information about such There are still comparatively few a man. he world was stirred in 1913 Protestants in France-about 600,000by the publication of a volume entitled but they can exert a tremendous influ- "Memoirs of the Viceroy Li Hung- ence on the life of the nation. The work Chang." It was a fascinating volume of spiritual regeneration must come first which we read and re-read with keen after the war. The only hope for France is in Jesus Christ and His Gospel. France needs spiritual resurrection.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1917

EXTENT OF THE WORLD

This remarkable map deserves study. It shows the number of races and nations engaged in the great European War. These people and religions, divided by worldly strife, are being united by the Christian Campaign for Winning the World to Christ.

MISSIONARY

EVlEW~ VOL. JANUARY, 1917 NUMBER. ONE XL SIGNS OF THlE TIMES GOD'S VIEW OF THE WORLD I F men could but view this world as God sees it nineteen hundred years after the coming of His Son to save the world, the vision would be illuminating and transforming. We might be unable to endure the sight of the degradation, cruelty, selfishness, the worship of mammon, such as prevails not only in Africa, in India and China, but in Latin lands and Russia and among the multitudes in more enlightened Germany, Britain and North America. What would we learn of God's view of the war which is drenching three continents in human blood? What would be our transformed vision of commercial warfare and of social standards? How changed would be our views, even of much of the so-called religious activity of the day. If we saw only the vice, the selfishness, the enmity, the ignorance and formalism of the world the result would be pessimism and despair.

The world is sick unto death. Without some outside help, there is no hope. But, thank God, there is a remedy proyided. This remedy is committed to the custody of the followers of Christ, the Great Physician. God Himself is applying it to the healing of the nations.

In a vision of the world as it is there is despair and death; in a vision of God and His Gospel there is hope and life.

A glimpse of the nations as they are to-day shows the unspeakable need of all mankind for the transforming remedy of the Gospel, but it also shows that men are hungry for life and many are Christlike.

THE SITUATION IN EUROPE O N the Continent that has longest been considered Christian, we see, on the one hand, twenty millions of men fighting one another with all the deadly ingenuity of their God-given intelligence. There are nearly another twenty million dead on the battle-fields,

wounded in hospitals or prisoners of war. There are widows and orphans without number-enough to stir the hardest heart to pity. The war has brought untold loss to Christendom in the $75,000,000 a day wasted; in the millions of men turned from pursuits of peace to those of war; in the depopulation of institutions of learning, the missions closed and missionaries deported or killed. One British Society alone has thirty men in the trenches, and many German Societies have more.

But, in spite of the awful results of the conRict, there is a brighter side. The hearts and pocketbooks of men have been opened as never before to relieve human suffering. America has sent over $40,000,000 for relief, and Britain has given much more, while little Holland has become one vast guest house for the Belgians. The Y. lVl. C. A. huts are helping hundreds of thousands of soldiers in the field and prison camps. Ten million Testaments and Gospels have been given to soldiers, and multitudes in the face of death have found the Way of Life. The work for Belgian soldiers and for Russian prisoners in Germany is especially noteworthy. The Gospel work in France has been hindered by the Roman Catholics, but in Italy the Waldensians have borne faithful witness, and Scriptures have been freely distributed. A Christmas ship bearing hundreds of tons of food and other necessities sailed from America on December 18th for the relief of Armenians and Syrians.

Another bright spot in the dark picture of Europe is the movement against intoxicants. Russia has already reaped untold benefit from the prohibition of vodka. In one year the amount in savings banks increased tenfold, and last year .three times as much was deposited in one month as the total in the savings banks before the prohibition. Banks have now been opened in Russian churches. The effect is also seen in the physical, mental and spiritual betterment of the people. France has benefited by her edict against absinthe and is now planning to prohibit all strong drink except beer and lig.ht wines. Naturally this is arousing oppOSItIOn. It is rumored that the new Cabinet in Great Britain may at last take steps to bring about national prohibition. A petition eleven miles long in favor of such action was recently presented to Parliament. It was signed by two million Britons, many of them laboring men who have been reputed to be opposed to such a measure.

The British missionary societies have wonderfully maintained their work in spite of the drain imposed by the war, and some of them have, in addition, taken over the care of German missions in India and elsewhere.

As Christmas draws near the rumors of movements toward peace are renewed. Germany has signified her readiness to enter into negotiations and to join a movement for the maintenance of world-wide peace. Another European government has set an example of foresightedness for Denmark has appointed a commission to study the effects of the war. It would he well if missionary societies would follow this example.

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CONDITIONS IN AFHICA E VERY part of the Dark Continent has been affected by the Euro- pean conflict. Egypt has been the home of hundreds of thou- sands of soldiers, of 5,000 Armenian refugees, and thousands of Jews from Palestine. In the midst of restlessness the missionary work has continued unabated. Dr. Zwemer and Rev. Stephen Trowbridge 11ave conducted evangelistic services for soldiers and refugees. The work for Moslem students has been increasingly fruitful through newspapers and public addresses. One daily paper has even consented to publish without cost the weekly expositions of the Sunday School lessons. At Khartum the head of Gordon College has resigned, and one result may be a change in the policy which has made it practically a Moslem institution to the exclusion of Christianity.

All of North Africa has naturally been disturbed by the Moslem unrest. German colonies in the west and southwest have been captured by the Allies and German mission work interrupted. German East Africa is as yet only partially occupied, and the desultory warfare continues.

While the political situation in Africa is unsettled, the religious future also hangs in the balance. Islam and Christianity are struggling for the mastery of the pagan tribes. Already one-third of the Africans are counted as Moslem, 4,000,000 of whom are south of the Equator. The Moslem merchants spread their religion, while those from Christian lands too often spread deviltry. Great stretches of land and millions of Africans are still untouched by Christian missionaries, and a few years will determine whether Christ or Mohammed will prevail over African ignorance and fetishism and sin. The people will be more difficult to win as Moslems than as pagans.

There are also many bright stars in the African night. In Uganda the great work still continues, and the native Church grows in extent and power. In West Africa the mission of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in spite of the war continues to grow. At one station 8,000 attended communion service, and in the church at Elat 7,500 confessed Christ in one year. Of these, 5,000 were won by native workers. There are also 15,000 reported on the "waiting list" in catechumen classes. In British Central Africa, also, Rev. Donald Fraser, of the United Free Church of Scotland Mission, reports large ingatherings.

THE WAR AND ISLAM O NLY two religions have been vitally influenced by the war, Chris- tianity and Islam. The followers of these two religions num- ber nearly one-half the population of the world. As to Christianity, the war has revealed the fact that had all Christians lived up to the full measure of their profession, the war would not have occurred.

The world for the first time has come to realize that Christianity possesses that which, if properly and effectively applied, would prevent war.

Islam, on the other hand, has been brought face to face with the fact that its boasted unity no longer exists.

Mohammedans are to-day fighting in the armies of all of the contending nations and upon both sides. However much the excuse of a "holy war" may be cited as the reason why good Mohammedans are facing each other in deadly conflict, the leaders know that no holy war exists, and that Moslem is fighting Moslem simply because he owes allegiance to countries that are at variance. He regards his national allegiance as more binding than the commands of his religion.

It has been taken for granted that a call to a holy war issued to the Moslems of the world by the Sheikh of Islam and the Caliph of Islam would precipitate a religious conflict surpassing in extent and cruelty anything recorded in history. Two years ago, however, when this call was given from Constantinople, there was no earnest response, even in Constantinople itself. Protest arose from the 67,000,000 of Moslems in India, from Morocco, from Egypt, from Abyssinia and other countries, while the Mohammedans fighting with the Allies in France and with the armies of Russia continued as before, and the Moslems of Egypt and India reaffirmed their loyalty to England.

The most severe blow to Islam comes from the uprising of the Grand Sherif of Mecca, the keeper of the sacred shrines of Islam, who, with a strong body of Arab followers, has captured the' sacred shrines and issued a proclamation to the Moslems of the world that the day of independence and freedom has dawned, and that Mecca and Arabi:! are free from Turkish dominion.

The Moslem dream of world conquest and of universal rule has already vanished, as they become conscious of the fact that there is not sufficient power in their religion to hold them together in a united body when other and conflicting interests invite to division.

Extensive quotations might be made from Mohammedan writings showing how widely extended is this disaffection among Moslems. Aga Khan, speaking as the head of the Moslems in India, nearly one-third of the Moslems of the world, said: "Now that Turkey has so disastrously shown herself a tool in German hands, she has not only ruined herself but has lost her position as trustee of Islam, and evil will overtake her." A Zanzibar paper (Arabic) says: "The pillars of the East are tottering, its thrones are being destroyed, its power is being shattered and its supremacy is being obliterated. The Moslem world is divided against itself." The most influential Moslem daily paper in Cairo, Egypt, said: "The interfering on the part of Turkey in the present conflict was uncalled-for foolishness, and by her actions Turkey has forfeited her right to the Caliphate."

Owing to the divisions cast into Mohammedanism through events connected with this war, Moslems recognize no central Mohammedan

OF THE TIMES

power, no caliph, and have lost their cherished hope of ultimate Moslem triumph as the ruling religion and natural force in the world. No one can estimate the full import of the present breaking up of the unity and solidarity of Islam.

SOCIAL CHANGES IN PERSIA SCENES are being enacted to-day in Asia and Africa that seemed impossible a generation ago. The Moslem women were rigidly secluded and Moslem homes were closed to Christians. Women and girls were left illiterate, as their education was considered useless and dangerous. To-day many Moslem girls attend Christian schools, and among some Mohammedans there is a growing sentiment in favor of the abolition of the zenana and the veil.

One evidence of a social, if not of a religious change, in changeless Persia is mentioned by Rev. E. T. Allen, of Urumia, in a recent letter.

"Not long ago," he writes, "the whole of the station force was invited to the Moslem home of the late Nasr-il-Mulk by his daughter, who is a graduate of the Moslem department of Fiske (Presbyterian) Seminary. Gentlemen and ladies mingled freely with the oldest son, now head of the house, and with the daughters and other Moslem women of the household. All sat together at dinner, spread on the floor in true Persian fashion."

In this connection it is interesting to note the celebration of the first anniversary of the return of the Russian army to Urumia after the defeat of the Turks. In the city and in many of the villages the Christians gathered to hear eulogistic speeches and long home-made poetry prepared by local rhymsters, to sing folk songs and dance folk dances. All the missionaries were invited to the village of Geoghapa, where the gala day was held largely in honor of the salvation of the village through the efforts of Dr. Packard, who, in January, 19 I 5, interceded with the Kurds for the life of the people of this village in U rumia plain. He prevailed and saved one thousand lives.

JAPAN'S NEED AND RESPONSE I N Japan the need is increasingly felt for a religion that gives moral stamina to the nation. The scandals in the Government have led many to distrust the power of Buddhism, and the infidelity and immorality among students and among public officials reveals the need of regeneration. Captain Bechel, who has been for seventeen years traveling about in Japan, investigated I07 districts, and found 96 of them pestilentially immoral. He reports that phallic worship is still practised in many Buddhist shrines, and that in some districts almost all the adults are tainted with immorality. He continues: "Where the priests, of whom I personally know many, are acknowledged to be worse than blind leaders of the blind, how shall they help? Where a principal of a school can marry and divorce three wives,

his first having died in eighteen months; where another can have several paramours with the knowledge of parents and children alike; where another man can put away his wife because she is ill and take as wife a paramour inside of two weeks, with the assistance of his colleagues, how shall the educators protest? Vhere a leading doctor is publicly known to have several paramours and literally kicks his accomplished Christian wife about the house and out into the street, and still holds a large practice; where the local member of parliament has publicly two concubines; where the member of the provisional assembly has two wives and two homes and children in each, and travels with geisha; where the leading men, including the priests, sancho (chief of village), doctor, principal of the school, and leading business men can sell a girl of twelve years for ten yen, because her parents cannot support her and she may become a charge to the village, and no one but the one local Christian protests, who shall help ?"

At the same time, the evangelistic campaign has revealed unusual opportunities for the Gospel. Japan is electric with new life, and is more than ever responsive to a spiritual message. Now is the time for advance, when the Protestant missionaries are united in a forward movement and call for 500 new missionaries to "buy up the opportunity." The three years' evangelistic campaign of the Christian churches has been timely and effective. Missionaries write that evangelism in rural districts is especially hopeful and greatly needed. There are twenty-five' thousand villages in Japan, each with schools and in touch with the world through newspapers. There is intellectual progress but moral decay. Morality is pitifully low and the spirit of worldliness is supreme. Intemperance is growing, and many social evils are unchecked. The Christian forces in Japan are calling loudly for more help from the Church in America to help evangelize rural Japan.

In connection with this call, it is encouraging to hear from a missionary, Rev. H. P. Jones, of the thousands that are crowding to hear the Gospel in some districts where the opportunity is presented. He says: "In Kobe a few weeks ago I had the privilege of attending a number of meetings of the National Evangelistic Campaign. The first night, at the Congregational Church, the house was filled to its fullest capacity, and many were turned away. It seats nine hundred. The next night one of the largest theaters was filled-its seating capacity is two thousand-and the aisles were full, and many were turned away. Mr. Ando, the lay leader of the temperance movement in Japan, spoke for one hour. Then for another hour that packed house listened to Dr. Ebina, of Tokyo, quietly and without the least evidence of weariness. On the next day, which was Sunday, the Y. M. C. A. building, which seats 900, was filled to the limit in the morning, afternoon and evening. In a club house nearby a meeting was being held for children. By actual count there were over three thousand five hundred children in the building, a very large number of whom were not Sunday-school pupils. On Monday night, in the largest and most elegant theater, I found the people literally jamming

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the door trying to get in, and what was still more astonishing was a sign requesting Christians not to come into the building, so that non-Christians could have their seats. The seating capacity is two thousand, and many stood in the aisles. The police ordered the doors closed, pronouncing the house full. People kept coming for more than an hour and demanding entrance. Nothing like it was ever known in Kobe before.

"It is easy for one to overestimate the results of such meetings, but these big crowds without doubt indicate a decided change in the popular attitude toward the Gospel. Pray for strength for the workers in Japan."

To combat this impact of Christianity, the Buddhists have recently devoted one million yen ($5°0,000) to establish Buddhist Sunday Schools. They have in six months started over 800 such schools and. enrolled 120,000 children. They imitate Christian methods, adopt Christian songs to the praise of Buddha, and adopt Sunday-school programs.

THE PROBLEMS OF CHOSEN KO REA, the Japanese province of Chosen, is in a critical situation. Many material, judicial and educational improvements have been made that have put new possibilities before the people. They have been passing through the discipline of national sorrow and disappointment, but it may turn out to their spiritual advantage. Thousands of Japanese are pouring into the peninsula, and everywhere new life is manifested. The Japanese Christian Chul'Ch is taking Korea as a missionary field, and is also establishing churches among the Japanese colonists.

In the days of Korean independence the missionaries were given a free hand in the establishment of schools and in religious as well as secular instruction of pupils. Since the Japanese annexation, however, many difficult questions have been brought before the missionaries and Christian Koreans, because of the Japanese policy of J apanizing Koreans. The Japanese government order forbidding Christian instruction in mission schools is clearly intended to separate religion and education. Nominally ten years was granted to the mission schools to comply with this order, but apparently the Japanese government did not expect the missionaries to take advantage of this. Since the Protestant mission schools are fundamentally Christian, most of them have not seen their way clear to omit Christian instruction from the regular curriculum, and two Southern Presbyterian schools at Soon Chun and one Girls' Academy at Syen Chun have been discontinued. This is a great loss to the Korean Christians.

Another difficulty which has now arisen is in the Japanese regulation that ceremonial worship shall be observed by the schools before the picture of the Emperor annually on his birthday. To the Korean Christians this is looked upon as equivalent to ancestor worship, though the Japanese claim that it is simply a patriotic ceremonial. In the government schools teachers are required to bow daily before the picture of

the Emperor and the imperial rescript. Last year the order was sent out by the Japanese officials that the anniversary of the late Empress Dowager's death be celebrated in all the mission schools on Sunday by fitting ceremonies.

Another difficult question arises in connection with the use of J apanese text-books. The government has issued a small "School Text-Book on Morals," which every mission school has been ordered to use for instruction one hour a week. There are many excellent moral lessons in this text-book in regard to honesty, courtesy, etc., but there is also a chapter requiring worship at the graves of ancestors. In this chapter the Christian children are told that they must make an offering at their ancestors' graves and bow down before them. While reverence for ancestors is commendable, an act of worship such as would be rendered to the Deity is, of course, against the conscience of Korean Christians.

The students in Korean mission schools of academy grade of the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches number about 3,500, less than onetenth of whom are non-Christians. It would seem, therefore, that it would be a wise policy for the Japanese government to consider their conscientious scruples and to win them over to friendly loyalty to the Japanese government by avoiding any unnecessary conflict on religious grounds. It is earnestly to be hoped that the Japanese will favor a policy of friendly co-operation with missionaries, developing strength of character, coupled with loyalty to the Imperial government. The Christian missionaries are in the land to help make better citizens-more intelligent, more unselfish and more moral because more Godlike. It is hoped and believed that the Japanese government will put as few obstacles as possible in their way.

THE AWAKENING OF CHINA " CHINA," says Bishop Bashford, "is not only a giant awake, but is pacing the floor with growing pains." The whole nation seems alive to the need for modern education. Universities and lectures are crowded, and many of the leaders have been educated in mission schools. This gives Christianity an advantage. The death of Yuan Shih Kai and the accession of President Li Yuan Hung has brought a degree of quiet, and there is hope that the mighty nation will settle down to solving its problems. President Li is favorably disposed to Christianity, and since the modern ideas of politics and education are from the West, many are inclined to look favorably on the Western religion also. One student writes : "We accept the Western system of education, of science, and history and mathematics, why should we not also take the religion of Jesus Christ which comes from the West?"

The Bible classes started by Mr. Sherwood Eddy continue to flourish and to win Christian converts. The news of revivals come from many parts of the Republic. Mr. Arthu~ Polhill, of the China Inland Mission, writes, for example, from Eastern Szchuen, that in the dis-

OF THE TIMES

trict of Chengkow (still unoccupied) many of the wealthy are destroying their idols and are becoming inquirers. Temples in many parts of the Republic are being abandoned, and some of them are used for Christian Bible schools and evangelistic services.

Out of the bewildering confusion of political, social, industrial, intellectual and moral upheaval will come a new China, no longer facing the past but open-minded to the truth. A million school teachers are needed to teach China's sixty million pupils. What university will train them? An army of physicians and nurses is called for sanitation and healing ministry. The Christian Church has an unparalleled opportunity to supply those who will train these and other leaders of China's onward march. The best schools, colleges and medical schools are in the hands of the Christian missionary forces. These are in a unique position of power to mould the future of China.

THE MOVEMENTS IN INDIA THE war has seriously affected the work in India. Not only have some two hundred German Protestant missionaries been forced to leave the country or give up their work, but many British and Canadian missionaries have gone to the front as soldiers, physicians or to assist the Young Men's Christian Association work. Thus many of the mission stations are short-handed and the work suffers.

The term "mass-movement" has become a household word in mission circles. Large numbers of the low-caste and out-caste people are seeking relief from their intolerable condition by applying to the Christian Church for baptism. The pyramid of social structure in India is becoming unsettled at the base. Thousands are being born in a day, but need instruction and nurture to build them up into intelligent and useful Christians. There are signs of the gradual disintegration of the old social system, and one of the greatest object lessons to the higher castes is the transformation wrought by the Gospel in those whom they have despised as "untouchable."

The native Indian Church is growing in numbers and power, and union movements have been organized in South India and other districts to conduct evangelistic services and to carryon missionary work.

IN LATIN AMERICA M EXICO is still torn asunder by revolution and riot. In spite of the earnest efforts of the American-Mexican Commission, it seems that the time of peace has not yet fully come. When order is restored there are indications that a time of awakening will come such as Mexico has never k.nown. Already many of the people are eager for better things.

It may be that the leaders of the United States and of Mexico will not find the way of peace until they have exhausted the resources of war. It is to be hoped, however, that saner councils will pre-

vail. One effort in this direction was made by Manuel Rojas, Director of the National. Library in Mexico City, and other prominent Mexi- cans, together with representatives of the Peace Societies and social interests, in the formation of the Mexican-American League, with the following aims: To help bring about a new and constructive era 6f friendship between the people of Mexico and of the United States; to interpret and promote joint negotiations between the two governments with respect to border control and all other questions of public policy; to promote common understanding between the peoples of the two coun- tries, by giving publicity to the facts about Mexico and American rela- tions with the Mexican people; to secure an exchange of teachers and students, and to encourage the American universities and colleges to grant scholarships to Mexican students; to promote industrial and agri- cultural education in Mexico, and institutions for the training of com- petent teachers and leaders. .

This league has endeavored to increase confidence in the present de facto government in Mexico by calling attention to the social and economic reforms instituted by the Carranza government. The first decree issued by Carranza was one returning to the Indians the com- munallands of which they had been dispossessed. In the various states new agrarian laws now establish small land-holders, re-value properties condemned and purchased at a just value, and levy equitable taxes. One of the next steps was the restoration of free municipalities. Most of the states have passed labor laws establishing the eight-hour day and the forty-four-hour week, with a minimum wage and boards of con- ciliation and arbitration. Children under sixteen are not allowed to work in factories. In "many stat~s" the sale of alcoholic drinks has been repressed, and "in the whole of the republic bull-fights and cock- fights have been supplanted by popular games such as baseball, pelota, etc." It is asserted that there are twenty times as many schools as in the last term of Diaz, and Carranza has sent 500 school-teachers to the United States to learn modern methods.

Many Christians in the United States are firmly convinced that the most efficient and inexpensive army for the pacification of Mexico would be "a force of educators, teachers, doctors and sanitary engineers, farmers and agricultural experts, who will volunteer for terms of two or three years in the spirit of service such as we rendered Cuba at her time of crisis." An open letter issued by the Peace Committee of the Phila- delphia yearly meeting of Friends urges the press "not only to exert their power in supplying trustworthy information about Mexico, but also to take their true place in guiding the thought of America and the world along constructive lines of international service and good-will."

The Latin American Congress in Panama last February marked the beginning of a new era for South America. The remarkable "find- ings" of the regional conferences will be published in our February number. They are worthy of notice.

THE VAR HINDER MISSIONS?

T HIS question ought to be frankly faced, for it indicates an attitude toward which many seem to be drifting. Some considerations would seem to suggest holding in abeyance any aggressive missionary effort.

It is claimed that in these days of emergency every dollar of philanthropy not absolutely required for the maintenance of existing work should be diverted to the relief of physical distress occasioned by the war. But is it true that our Western world has reached the point where it must deal with its philanthropic activities in terms of mutually exclusive alternatives? Do the amounts contributed from America to Europe's need measure the limits of philanthropic duty or ability? The price of war to Great Britain alone is $7,444,000,000. Is a hundredth part of that amount a fair thank offering for an equally wealthy nation to give as the expression of its appreciation of peace? The appeal of Europe's need has brought considerable response, but this appeal has been to a wide constituency, unmoved in the past by special missionary motives, so that the loyal supporters of the missionary movement may still carry their peculiar obligations toward an enlarged missionary op-, portunity.

Some have interpreted events as barring the way to missionary effort. Is not Turkey inaccessible? Is not Persia in political upheaval? Are not the Armenians hopelessly scattered and disorganized? But do these facts spell retardation in missionary effort or only such readjustments of method as the temporary situation requires? This determination of courageous workers to "hold fast" in war-swept areas will yield rich values when the days of reconstruction come. But should there not also be a missionary preparation for a forward movement after the war?

It has also been urged that the very fact of war within Christendom is such a reproach that aggressive missionary effort may well await the rolling away of this reproach to Christianity by the cessation of war. A missionary among Moslems was asked recently, "How do you meet the reproach caused by war between Christian nations?" His reply showed that the very conception of war being a reproach was a Christian conception, the result of Christ's higher standards of love, 'and that to the Moslem no inconsistency or moral lapse was suggested by the war. If there be reproach, however, it is a reproach against man's application of the Gospel, not against Christianity or Christ. In the missiona ry propaganda we preach Him, not the virtues of Western nations; His teachings, not om! imperfect obedience to these teachings; Christianity, not vVestern civilization. If the Christian Church is to

wait until the reproach of warfare has been securely rolled away, how long shall she have to wait for the proclamation of the Gospel? The prophecies of our Lord do not identify the era of evangelism with some millennial era of peace, but urge the more zealous proclamation of truth in the very proportion in which existing conditions may belie the truth.

Has political uncertainty as to the future of the Near East suggested the temporary arrest of missionary activities and plans? It is true that the war has forced us to face at least the following contingencies as to political rule in the Near East: political control by Turkey, Germany, Russia, France or England. Would any of these mark the end of Christian missionary effort? There might be difficulties, such as the requiring of the language of the nation in power in all schools where a foreign language is taught. But, whatever the political rule and its regulations, excluding, of course, the (incredible) exclusion of all missionaries, is it to be supposed that the Church of Jesus Christ will consent to abandon her missionary work and deny to her Lord the obedience He demands to His great commission?

A CHALLENGE TO ADVANCE BUT weightier and more numerous facts challenge the Church to a forward missionary movement in the Near East. Look at the political debacle within Islam. Within a few decades, a series of divine providences, operating in the Near East, has brought about an almost complete overthrow of Moslem political power. In the past, Moslem political prohibitions have severely checked the desired extension of missionary operations in Moslem lands. Even when missionary effort was permitted, the fruitage of that work has been blighted or obscured by political penalties. Witness now the lands that have passed from beneath Moslem political domination within the past eight decades: Greece, Servia, Algeria, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Rumania, Cyprus, Tunisia, Crete, Egypt, Tripoli, Morocco, and now parts of Arabia and Persia. Do not such political upheavals challenge a forward movement which the Church should even now undertake?

Paralleling these external providences in the political sphere, there are most significant activities of the Holy Spirit moving upon the heart of Islam. Back of political prohibition, every missionary to Moslems has found religious fanaticism and hostility acting as a barrier to the progress of the Gospel within Islam. Reliable reports, however, bespeak a change in the attitude of Islam. A missionary in Egypt expresses it thus: "In days gone by we sought to gain a hearing and were refused. Now it is as if the Moslem himself were seizing the missionary by the coat, saying, 'What was it you used to want to tell us ? We want to have it explained.' "

A missionary from Turkey says that "eighty per cent of the Mos-

COMMENT

lems of Turkey are in sympathy with the missionaries, and are wholly opposed to the present Turkish administration."

The spirit of inquiry is also manifest in the number of Moslem children crowding to mission schools. Social customs in which Islam's ideals were entrenched are passing away. There is a fast-growing public press, which moves, for the most part, in the direction of Western ideals. These facts are full of significance. A new day is dawning, ushered in by the invisible yet irresistible operations of the Spirit of God upon the heart and life of Islam. Where God is and works, shall not His followers keep step with Him?

How, then, may we keep step with God? First, there should be the most determined holding on to every strategic position now occupied, the most insistent maintenance of every missionary activity in operation before the war.

Second, there is a clear call to missionary preparedness. A forward movement of unprecedented seriousness and commensurate with the need must be planned now for the evangelization of the world, if the opportunity impending at the close of the war is to be seized. This calls for the thrusting out of new missionaries who may put the present to good use in the study of the languages of their prospective fields, at suitable and secure centers. The Boards and Societies will gain from conferences both at home and on the field. Thus will each agency become enriched by the other's experience, and they will stimulate each other to worthier effort.

Above all, they will be able to do what has not yet been attempted in the history of missions in the Near East-align their forces and plan for a concerted and co-operative missionary effort. Especially is there need for conferences for prayer.. Fresh discoveries of spiritual power are imperative for the accomplishment of the task. A Christian consciousness of God and of His will must be experienced, which will produce, on higher and worthier spiritual levels, something of the passion and devotion which characterized the fiery apostles of Islam's fai~h in the bright morning of its early extension from Asia to Africa and from Africa to Europe.

JAPAN AND AMERICA-FRIENDS F OR more than half a century there was nothing but good will and friendship between Japan and the United States. But for ten years there has been growing up in each land a small body of men who have felt and fomented distrust, and there have been times when these men were able to communicate their distrust so that large sections of the press and many of the people began to fear that the two nations might even drift into war against all their best interests and true desires. How can we preserve fellowship and right understanding between the United States and Japan?

I. By resolutely determining both in Japan and in America that

we will preserve it, and that we will keep our heads and not be coerced by any circulllstances. There are some, like Congressman lVlann, who decl~re that destiny will bring on a conAict between the two nations. Destiny will set llS at each other's throats! But what is "destiny"? Is it the God of Peace, who made all mankind of one blood, to live as brothers on the earth? Is it our own wills? vVhy do we need to surrender to our own deeds? Why not will that we will not drift into the madness of hate and war? vVe do not need to be slaves to our own stupidity. We can will to be rational and to deal justly and to preserve friendship. The Japanese also can will this. We can tell each other, and all the marplots and weak-wills who think that men cannot restrain their injustice, that we mean to have peace.

2. By believing good and not evil about each other. We can begin by believing and saying both in Japan and in America that the honest and earnest people of each land want only peace and friendship. Judge Elbert H. Gary, who was recently in Japan, was a true messenger there and is a true messenger in America. At St. Louis in October he said: "I said repeatedly (in Japan) that a large majority of the people of the United States did not desire, but would deplore and stubbornly oppose, war with Japan, except in self-defense, and that they were of the opinion there is not now nor will be any cause for serious trouble or disagreement; that there need be no conflict of opinion which could not be finally and satisfactorily settled by mutual negotiation and consideration. I also expressed the belief that our Governmental Administration is and would be inclined toward this most desirable exercise of authority.

"And now I am here to say in words just as emphatic and in a belief no less absolute that the leading and controlling men of Japan are equally anxious to have a continuance, permanently, of the peaceable and friendly relations now existing between these two countries. That there may be exceptions may go without saying; it would be usual, and need excite no surprise nor fear if such is the fact. . . . The most prominent and influential men in Japan are outspoken in their profession of friendship toward the United States."

This is the way all responsible men should talk about our relations to Japan.

3. By acting justly in each land toward citizens of the other, the Japanese treating Americans justly in Japan and Americans treating J apanese justly in America. All we need to do is to do right. And we need to do right for our own sake. It will profit us nothing to try to benefit ourselves by wrongdoing. It cannot be done. What is right is a question to be considered calmly and without prejudice; but the problem of the rights of Japanese in California to own property, their right to acquire citizenship, their right of justly regulated admission to the United States, is a problem to be considered without racial prejudice or bigotry and on the basis of moral and economic justice to both Japanese and Americans.

4. By judging each other as we ourselves are willing to be judged. The trouble is that countless people apply one standard to themselves and to their own actions and another standard to the Orient. Conduct which we justify or excuse in a Western nation we reprehend in an Eastern. But

there are not two moral laws, one east and the other west, of Suez. Japanese and American conduct should be judged by the same laws, and whatever allowance is expected for one should be conceded to the other.

5. By each crediting the best in the other. We are accustomed to live up to other people's expectation of us. If they believe the highest of us we are uplifted to justify their judgment. If they think meanly of us we can too easily drop down to the level of their estimate. Americans can believe the best about Japan and see in and for Japan her own noblest possibilities. That is the best way to help Japan to be her best self and to realize what, by the grace of God, she can become. And Japan can help Americans by believing the best about American desires and purposes in spite of all the worst that obtrudes itself.

6. By doing right toward the neighboring nations, America toward Mexico, and Japan toward China. Any sinuous or insincere or selfish activity by either nation is injurious to good will and right understanding. If Japan or the United States is not ingenuous and generous and fair toward the nations nearest, each will suspect that the other may have the same disposition secretly-America toward Japan, and Japan toward America.

7. By carrying out the recommendation of the gathering of friends of Japan and China which met in N ew York in September (referred to in the November REVIEW), and which voted to ask the President of the United States "to recommend to Congress the creation of a non-partisan commission, of not less than five members, whose duty it shall be to study the entire problem of relations of America with Japan and with China, and further to recommend to Congress that it invite the government of China and the government of Japan each to appoint a similar commission," the American commission to meet the commissions of China and Japan in their respective countries.

8. Lastly, friends in the United States can help by showing kindness and courtesy to all Japanese visiting or living in America and by increasing the number of Christian men and women who go out to live in Japan to commend Christianity to the Japanese as the one religion which proclaims a God and Father of us all and which can make all nations one in the fellowship of Christ.

THE CALL TO NORTH AMERICA SOME outstanding characteristics of the year in North America have been the financial prosperity, the high prices and the unrest due to Mexican troubles and diplomatic controversies with European governments. The Christian forces have continued their usual work and gifts to European sufferers have been increasing. Hundre,ds of young men have gone to the Mexican border and to camps in Europe and Asia to work for the soldiers and prisoners. The Laymen's Missionary Movement has celebrated its tenth anniversary by over seventy conventions with an aggregate enrollment of over 100,000 men. They are planning a series of anniversary dinners for 19 I 7 to touch the

main centers in all parts of the United States. Most of the missionary boards report for last year increased gifts to missions, many of them having been able to wipe out entirely the past deficits. The total foreign mission receipts reported by one hundred and thirty societies in the United States was $24,688,728, and for sixteen Canadian societies was $1,266,040. This is an advance on last year.

N ever was there greater need for consecrated lives, for prayer, for sacrificial giving, for earnest study of the world from God's viewpoint. Pulpits should ring with the missionary call and hearts should be stirred by the accounts of the wonder-working of God's Grace. Unprecedented opportunities promise to follow the proclamation of peace and Christians must be ready to take advantage of them. Half a million teachers are needed for the new primary schools in India. Shall they be Christian or non-Christian? China needs 50,000 physicians. Christians have an opportunity to train them. Moslems have lost faith in their Caliph and the solidarity of Islam is broken. Peace will bring unheard-of opportunities to reach 200,000,000 Mohammedans. The great conflict for the possession of Africa for Mohammed or Christ calls for a whole-hearted advance "on our knees." Mexico and South America are to be occupied with a statesmanlike policy. Churches are beginning to realize the necessity for closer cooperation and for the kind of sacrifice that has characterized Europe during the war. Now is the time for the Church of Christ to prepare for an onward movement, giving largely of men and money, but relying not on these physical forces, but on the spirit of God moving with the hearts of men.

THE BRITISH MISSIONARY STATISTICS WE have inserted in this number a statistical table giving the figures for British Foreign Missions for the year 19 I 5-I 9 I 6. It has been a difficult task to gather these during the disturbed times in Europe. The same omnipresent reason-the war-has made it impossible to collect and tabulate the statistics for the continent of Europe. Letters of inquiry are not answered.

Many of the British societies have failed to respond with their statistics, so that in the case of 16 societies we have been obliged to have recourse to the latest figures available. The result is not entirely satisfactory, but since the leading societies have courteously furnished the desired information, the totals are approximately correct.

It will be noted that in spite of the heavy drain caused by the war the decrease of income in British societies has been only about onetenth. There has been a natural falling off in the number of male missionaries, but the number of adult converts reported by English societies as baptized during the year has increased from 42,966 to 48,580-or over ten per cent. Pupils in mission schools have also increased from 117,497 to 464,499. The table is worthy of study. When peace again reigns there is hope that complete and contemporary statistics may again be secured from all the continental societies.

Fifty Years Ago, and

BY EUGENE STOCK, D.C.L., LONDON, ENGLAND Dr. Stock was fOl' many years the efficient secretary of the Clzurcli Mission- ary Society of England. He fIGs placed all in his debt by his four volumes on tlte History of tlte Churclt klissionary Society and by his other writings. His view of the contrasts noted in fifty years is worth reading.-EDIToR.

I N endeavoring to indicate the changes in the missionary situation in the past half-century, I must confine myself mainly to Great Britain and British Missions.

1. CHANGES IN TIlE POSITION ABROAD AND AT HOME Fifty years ago takes us back into the middle of the sixties; and a better period could not be chosen for comparison with the present time. If we went farther back a few years, we should come to an era of great animation and advance. It will be remembered that Dr. A. T. Pierson used to refer to 1858 as the annus mirabilis of the century. I will not now stop to show why he chose that date. I will follow my instructions, and come at once to the next decade.

Now the sixties were, on the whole, a period of disaster, of discouragement, of decadence. This was emphatically the case in Africa. In the "Vest, the promising Yoruba Missions were suspended, the agents being expelled; and the Basel men in Ashanti were seized and imprisoned. So were the missionaries to the Jews in Abyssinia. On the East Coast, Ludwig Krapf's great schemes of advance into the interior had come to nought, and the "fort" was "held" by one German, John Rebmann. Livingstone's plans for the Nyasa district failed in the early years of the decade, and in the later years the great traveler was lost, until Stanley found him almost broken-hearted at the horrors of the still rampant Arab slave-trade. In the South, the Kafir wars, the gold fever, the Colenso controversy, caused confusion, and the London Missionary Society's Missions faced disaster and defeat. And let it be remembered that not a single one of the present great Missions in Central Africa had yet been born or thought of.

In Asia there was less of disaster, but much slowness. In the Turkish Empire, the hopes enkindled after the Crimean War had not been fulfilled. Persia was not yet really open. In Japan, Christianity was still prohibited. The great days of Korea were in the future. China had been devastated by the Tai-ping Rebellion, which had much impeded the Missions. They had, in fact, not yet advanced beyond the maritime provinces; and the China Inland Mission only started its great pioneer work at the end of the period. In Malaysia the work

was in its early stages. So it was in Burma, despite Judson's heroic carcer; while in Ceylon there was actual retrogression.

India, on the other hand, ought to have presented a different scene. For never at any other time has there been such a noble band of fearless Christian men among the British rulers and administrators. It was the age of John Lawrence, Robert Montgomery, Donald McLeod, Herbert Edwardes, Bartle Frere, William Muir, and a host of likeminded men under them. While entirely loyal to the just neutrality of the Government, they knew well that Hindus and Mohammedans alike accord special confidence and respect to rulers who are not ashamed of their own religion and who desire to see it spreading in legitimate ways. They were the cordial supporters of Missions, and would have welcomed unlimited re-enforcements for the gospel enterprise. When the first of aU the United Missionary Conferences in India was held at Lahore, in 1863, the civil and military officers present actually outnumbered the missionaries. But the re-enforcements failed to appear. The missionary recruits sent to India in the sixties by some of the larger societies were in number only half those sent in the fifties. And America was crippled by the Civil War.

In fact, the only Missions that presented a really bright outlook at the time were Madagascar, where the great revival was in full swing, and some parts of the South Seas, where it was the period of Patteson and Paton. It was a discouraging time also at home. Henry Venn, the great C. M. S. director, said in 1865 that missionary interest and zeal had distinctly retrograded. R. W. Dale, the distinguished Congregationalist, used similar language. It was even proposed to drop the evening meetings at some of the anniversaries because so few attended them. Some of the larger societies had actually fewer missionaries on their staffs in 1870 than they had in 1860. This was the more remarkable because it followed immediately on a memorable season of religious awakening. The revival in America in 1858 was succeeded by that in Ireland in 1859, whence it spread to England in 1860. Indeed, even before that, there was a marked increase of life and energy in home mission work. But the result apparently was that Christian effort was for a time so absorbed in the new philanthropic and evangelistic schemes that Foreign Missions secured less attention. Moreover, that decade was a time of bitter controversy, political and religious, which drew away the thoughts of good men from the needs of Africa and Asia. However, I must admit that these controversies continued with no less acuteness into the last quarter of the century, and yet that quarter was a period of unprecedented missionary extension. Moreover, the home missi on and revival movements of the seventies and eighties (including the great Moody and Sankey campaign) did not hinder but rather helped that extension. The causes of the difference I do not pretend to explain.

But observe the startling changes in the world of Missions as we

FIFTY YEARS AGO, AND NOW

see it to-day. lfrica, north, south, east and west, is mapped out among the missionary societies. The Nile, the Niger, the Congo, the Zambesi, and the great Lakes Nyasa, Tanganyika, Victoria Nyan;r,a, are now the familiar fields of large and growing Missions. Khartum, where Gordon fell, and IIala, where Livingstone was found dead on his knees, are in the heart of wide regions now frequently traversed by the messengers of Christ. The division of the Dark Continent among the European Powers has not hindered missionary progress, and indeed in some ways has helped it. Passing to Asia, Arabia and Persia have failed to shut out the Gospel. In China, only sixteen years ago, missionaries and native Christians were massacred wholesale; and now, in everyone of the provinces, the preacher of Christ finds a cordial welcome. Both China and Japan have witnessed the rise of powerful native churches. Korea is the marvel of Missions. In India, medical and educational Missions have developed at a rate no one could foresee, and the mass movements of the low-caste and out-caste populations are bringing tens of thousands into the Church of Christ. New Guinea is a young and hopeful field. South America, the "Neglected Continent," is engaging a large share of the sympathies of the Christian world. Perhaps the most conspicuous change everywhere, and really the most fruitful of all developments, is the immense increase of women's work. 'Vomen in the missionary ranks now far exceed the men in number; and one-half of the population of the globe has a new chance of hearing the message of salvation.

Not less important are the changes at the home base. No longer is the advocacy of the cause left to the ministers of religion and their wives and a few godly spinsters. The young men, the young women, the still younger people, are enthused. Even business laymen, the hardest of all to reach, are beginning to see that the evangelization of the world is the primary duty of the Church. Summer schools, study bands, missionary exhibitions, unions and guilds of all sorts, are multiplying, and spreading the knowledge of the work in all directions.' The largest public halls are crowded, not to hear eloquent orations, but to receive plain and unadorned accounts of practical work done, or to bid farewell, with prayer and simple addresses, to brothers and sisters either returning to the field or going out for the first time.

II. CHANGES IN THE PROBLEMS In the early stages of the enterprise the work was comparatively simple. Even in the sixties it was quite of an elementary type in the large majority of the mission fields. But the great extension and development of Missions in the past fifty years has brought many problems to the front which have in our own day been freshly and diligently studied. It is widely felt that there is such a thing as a Science of Missions, which should be at least recognized and as far as possible mas-

tered, both by those who administer the enterprise and by those actually engaged in it. For instance, the increased interest taken in the whole subject of what is called Comparative Religion has exercised much in- fluence in Christian circles. It is realized that the non-Christian world must not be thought of as consisting in the main of hordes of ignorant barbarians; that missionaries need to study the religions of the people among whom they work, in regard both to the origins and histories of the religions and to their practical influence on the lives of their votaries. N at only in such great non-Christian systems as Brahmanism and Budd- hism and Islam, but even in the folk-lore and superstitions of uncivilized tribes speaking unwritten languages, there may be fragments of divine truth embedded. Perhaps there is a tendency now to press this consid- eration too far. After all, our work is not so much to compare our faith with other faiths and to prove that it is the best of them, as to set forth a Person, a Divine Person, who is by right our King, and who is ready to be our Saviour and our Friend. Our business is not to prove Christianity but to proclaim Christ. Where is there a rival to Him? However good other religions may be, we have a direct message from God to deliver, the revelation of incomparable blessing freely offered to all men. At the same time, we do need to remember that the races of mankind differ widely, not only in external environment but in the char- acter and tendencies of their minds, and that everyone of them may have a real contribution to make both to theological science and to spiritual experience. So it is rightly felt that the open-minded study of their religious beliefs is a good thing, provided that we do not forget the uniqueness of the Gospel.

Then, in the actual work of Missions, the question is raised as to which of two principles should govern their plans, diffusion or concen- tration. The extensive inquiries of the Commissions that prepared the way for the World Conference at Edinburgh revealed wide differences of opinion 0.0 this point; but the conclusion was thereby suggested that circwnstances alter cases, and that both principles are good, in different fields and at different times. Certainly the history of Missions supplies good arguments for both. Diffusion has justified itself in the story of the China Inland Mission; and concentration has justified itself in the . splendid educational institutions of the United Free Church of Scotland in India.

Much more urgent and important are the many questions touching the organization and development of the native Church, questions which could not arise in the early stages of missionary effort. Here the prob- lems are manifold. Different fields differ entirely. Great independent nations like the Chinese and the Japanese cannot be treated like the remnants of once warlike races in countries dominated by white colonists, as in New Zealand or Northwest Canada. South Africa, where the subject native tribes exceed their white rulers in number, has grave prob- lems of its own. So has India, on a much larger scale, and more com-

plicated. In Moslem lands, like Egypt and Persia, where converts come out one by one, the native church question is quite different from that presented in the districts of Tndia where the mass movements are bringing tens of thousands into the churches. But one conclusion is now pretty generally accepted, that the old system of a settlement of native Christians under the mild despotism of the missionary could only be suitable in the stages which most Missions have now passed. That system was effectively worked by the fine old German missionaries once so prominent j but it is now recognized that the Christians must be thrown more and more upon their own resources, and trusted more generously to manage their own affairs. Yet even when this is done, the further question arises, 'Vhat is the relation of the Mission to the Church? Are they to work on side by side in the same area but mutually independent? If not, and if the Church is not to be subordinated to the Mission, in what way can the Mission be best associated with the Church? Again, native church organization involves denominational questions. llissions that pride themselves on being "unsectarian" find little difficulty while they are merely preaching to non-Christians j but as soon as they.gain converts, and desire to teach them to worship God, to give their children Christian instruction, to manage their church affairs, differences are inevitable, and may become very acute. Anglicans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists, have each their own difficulties to surmount, their own problems to solve.

Meanwhile, the question has been raised in recent years, Is it a matter of congratulation that missionary societies are so numerous? Would not an organized army-or, as in the case of allies in a great war, three or four organized armies working in partial concert-be more effective than a hundred regiments marching and fighting quite separately and under independent commands? Ought not, for instance, the various Presbyterian or Methodist or Anglican Missions to be at least combined under their own flags respectively? And, when that is done, cannot there be further such intercommunication between the different groups as may promote the practical unity of the great campaign? Some would go even further than this and aim at intercommunion, a totally different thing j and some would plead for nothing short of complete organic union, urging that nothing short of that can be the oneness which our Lord said would induce the world to believe in His divine mission.

III. CHANGES IN PUBLIC OPINION Perhaps a single illustration of what I may call newspaper opinion nearly half a century ago may help us to realize the changes in this respect. In 1872, only forty-four years ago, the Anglican Archbishops, conscious of that very depression and decadence to which I have alluded above, proposed a Day of Intercession for Missions, to be observed

throughout the Church of England and its sister and daughter churches. When the day came, the Times, in a leading article, cast scorn and contempt on the plan, expressing surprise that so many simple souls could be found to join in so useless and fatuous an observance, and doubt as to the very existence of any number of missionaries or converts. "An ordinary Englishman," it said, "has seen almost every human or brute native of foreign climes, but few can say that they have seen a missionary or a Christian convert I"

It is amazing that such an article should have appeared in I872; but it is good to be quite sure that it could not appear now. When the Church Missionary Society celebrated its centenary in 1899, the Times' comment was very different. For one thing, it went to the root of the matter by acknowledging that men who ask what is the good of Missions "display a strange blindness to the real character of the Christian religion"; and it reminded doubters that the particular society in question was "a civilizing and informing power, which would be still more powerful if the lives of most Englishmen abroad conformed more closely to the conventions of the Englishman at home." Of course, there are still papers of the less reputable sort which occasionally display their ignorance in similar ways; and there are still men like Sir Hiram Maxim, who affirmed, so late as I9IO, that missionaries had done "an infinite amount of harm in China without making a single convert," and that "they were, and always had been,- the greatest liars on the face of the earth." But this does not represent intelligent public opinion. As regards China, the Boxer massacres of I900, when thousands of converts faced torture and death rather than deny Christ, satisfied the average journalist; and Dr. Morrison, the Times correspondent at Peking, declared at a meeting of the Authors' Club in 1910 that "the more he saw of the missionary work in China the more he admired it." When members of the British Cabinet, like Mr. Winston Churchill and Mr. Herbert Samuel, publicly praised the Uganda they had seen with their own eyes, and when a greater man than they, Colonel Roosevelt himself, told the Daily Telegraph that the results he had seen there were "astounding"; when the Commission appointed to inquire into the so-called "Black Peril" in South Africa reported in 1912 strongly in favor of missionary work, which, they said, was exercising "an enormous influence for good," and when Viscount Gladstone in 19 I 5 declared that "missionary effort was the greatest possible help to the civil government," they did but put into words what the vast majority of thinking men do not now dare to dispute.

Nevertheless, while opinion has changed for the better, I cannot say that the more vigorous action which should naturally issue from it is very conspicuous. Both our ministers and our laymen need to take up the words of Shecaniah to Ezra, and say them mutually to one another: "Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it."

in Foreign

BY DWIGHT II. DAY, NEW YORK The treasurer 0/ the Presbyterian Bomod of Foreign Missions, U. S. A., Itas recently returned from a 'Very interesting tour in Asia and reports tlte result.-EDITOR.

"TELL your countrymen that what we need is an increase in the number of men who will sacrifice for China. Tell the friends there, please, to have patience with us. The leaven has been put into the flour; progress will continue to be made. We thank the good friends in America for what they have done, and in due time these friends will see the results."

Dr. Seng, of the University of Nanking (China), thus expressed the gratitude of the Chinese for what American Christians are doing for his people, and pleaded for their confidence and help to be continued.

CHINA'S PRIMARY NEED An overpowering need and an unrivalled opportunity to meet the need has lately developed in Shantung province, North China. Here is a population of thirty million people, and eighty-one out of one hundred and sixteen walled cities are without any missionary resident. In many of these cities there are just now large brick or stone pawn-shops for sale. Changed economic conditions have made the business of the pawnbrokers unprofitable, and these warehouses can be purchased for about five thousand dollars and easily transformed into centers each containing an auditorium, chapel, guest rooms, school rooms for day and night schools, etc. In charge of each such center will be placed one of the strong young leaders of the Chinese Church, who will have not only the responsibility for all the work in the walled city radiating from this central lighthouse, but also for the surrounding country district. Such an institution will at once command the respect and interest of the gentry who are not apt to pay much heed to an insignificant street or country chapel (any more than the well-to-do at home would, to the unpromising quarters of a strange sect), and would establish at the start the pastor in charge on a substantial basis. It is estimated that five hundred dollars a year for running expenses would need to be provided until the center can be made self-supporting. Thus $5,000, and $500 a year for, say, five years, would compass the following: I. It would occupy strategic centers. Formerly the cities have been most difficult of approach. N ow they are thrown wide open, so that evangelistic work, hereafter, must not be prosecuted so exclusively in the country districts.

2. It furnishes an attractive field for able Chinese leaders. With

an inspiring program planned, doubtless all the men that will be needed as leaders will become available.

3. The plan makes use of available resources and looks forward to a new and permanent method of work.

4. It promises Chinese and foreign co-operation, giving the Chinese the positions of evangelistic prominence while the mission retains a directing influence.

s. It eliminates the idea that a foreign church is being foisted upon China, which impression is a serious drawback. 6. It is commended by its plan of approach. Bible preaching and teaching is to be supplemented by lectures, schools, woman's work, medi- cal work and the Young Men's Christian Associ- ation, thus opening many different avenues to mind and heart. 7. The project has passed the experimental stage, for already there are three men at work in three different cities, with splendid results to show. 1t would be difficult to find an investment in foreign mISSlOns that combines so many attrac- tions and impelling con- siderations.

OUR P HTLIPPINE WARDS No patriotic American can visit the Philippine Islands without feeling a pride in the achieve- ments of his country there. Stable govern- ment, good roads, sani- INTEREST OX THE PHILIPPINES' INVESTMENT tation, schools, all bear Three teachers and Salvador, a young Mora boy. in the Silljman Institute. testimony to a piece of All the members of his family were murdered in a tribal fight.

colon i a I development that has no rival. But Protestant Christians cannot but ask anxiously, "What is being done to lead the young life of the islands to God?"

Christian missions must supply what the Government fails to supply, and so there is Silliman Institute at Dumaguete, in the province of Oriental N egros-a big school of seven hundred boys, "a fountain of living waters," for the islands. Three hundred boys were turned away last

IN FOREIGN

year because of the lack of accommodations. A new dormitory is needed, to cost $ r 5 ,000; a Science Hall, to cost $ r 5,000, and other buildings and equipment totaling $roo,ooo. The Filipinos will give one-half the money, and they look to this country, their rich friend, to help them with the other half. Aguinaldo's son is there, and the future leaders of the islands are coming from this, their most famous school. Are we going to give these leaders the Christian training we know they require if they are to be true leaders?

IN THE KINGDOM OF SIAM One thousand dollars a year will put a missionary into evangelistic work in Siam, where the present force is entirely inadequate to bring the Gospel to the 8,000,000 people of the country. Up to this time there has been no missionary free to preach in the great heathen city of Bangkok, the capital of the country, where 800,000 Siamese and Chinese are living in spiritual blindness.

Fifty dollars will suffice in most fields to support a child in a mission school for an entire year, lifting him out of ignorance and neglect into the light and hope. of an expanding mind and into the happiness produced by kind treatment. And who can fix limits to the possibilities for such rescued lives? Anyone of them may grow to be a true leader for his people, as many a one has become, and all take their places in the life of the nation, to leaven it with good.

In the Laos country of Northern Siam, at the old capital of Chieng Mai, is located the Prince Royal's College, where, under Christian auspices, the promising youth of the north are being trained. Here are boys of all classes and conditions, from the humblest to the sons of the governors, or chows. Any investment in this Christian college will be an investment in life, to be released among the Siamese people long held in the deadening influences of Buddhism and Animistic superstition. The boys take entire charge of the buildings and grounds, and they expect to render valiant service in fighting the floods from the Me Ping River when they threaten the compounds. From such material come the Boon Itts and the Komais, men who have lived powerful, Christ-filled lives among their people. In this college $100 will support a student for one year. $1,000 will support a missionary teacher for a year. $8,000 will build a college chapel and church edifice, very much needed.

Siam can be evangelized and our Lord's command be fulfilled at no distant day if the favored ones in Christian lands will invest their money and their prayers in the enterprise. One million dollars established as a fund for the evangelization of Siam will produce between $40,000 and $50,000 annually, a sum sufficient to warrant embarking upon an adequate plan not only for taking the gospel message throughout the limits of the country, but to permit the opening of one or two centers to the north, across the boundary in China, where the' mass of the popu-

lation, the Tai, are of the same race as the Siamese, and who understand the language and literature of the Laos people in the north. This great population to the north have scarcely been touched, but tricklings of Christianity have reached them and they have for several years been sending messages to missionaries in Laos to come over and help them into a knowledge of the truth. Insufficient funds have up to this time prevented answering this appealing call. What a chance for an Amer- ican to make possible the evangelization of the Tai race!

TRAINED LEADERS REQUIRED It has long .been recognized, of course, that foreign missionaries <'annat do the work necessary for the evangelization of the world. Most of the work must be done by the races themselves. Educated leaders must be raised up, to lead their own people, to shepherd them and teach them. Without these, Christianity can never spread widely, nor can it seem more than a foreign religion, led and supported by foreigners. Perha.ps the chief concern, therefore, of missionary administrators, es- pecially during recent years, has been to lay adequate plans for develop- ing men for the ministry worthy of the calling. Nothing is more important than to strengthen the schools for theological training. A young man in such a school in Osaka, Japan, said: "I love my native city of Osaka (which you Americans say is the Pittsburgh of Japan), and I want to study and train myself so that I may become a preacher-evangelist to my native city. It is my ambition to bring Osaka to Jesus Christ, and I do not care about anything but making Him known to my city." He made this statement in connection with a word of greeting to some visitors from the United States, and also took occasion to express the thanks of the students for books which had been sent out from America as a nucleus for a seminary library. Are not such students worth while? They realize the value of what they have in Christianity (as we in more favored circumstances often do not) , and they are anxious not only to enter the Christian ministry but to make sacrifices in it and for it. No American Christian can make even a casual study of the possibilities for good bound up with the future of the Japanese people without having at the same time the deepest longings that Japanese leadership shall be truly Christian.

One hundred dollars would enable a student to take a year's study in the Osaka School. Five hundred dollars would greatly strengthen the school in its teaching staff and equipment. Some young men will not be able to take the course because they cannot afford it, and they will drift into business or into government service. Or perhaps some Japanese professor in the school will be compelled to seek other teaching work because he cannot live on the salary which the theological school is able to pay.

SOME EXCEPTIONAL ITEMS One thousand dollars will put a missionary, qualified in accounting, on the field to take charge of the treasury work and financial matters

IN FOREIGN

SOME RETURNS FROM THE MISSIONARY INVESTMENT IN CHINA Chri.'it ian young men in front of a walled city, lined up t o send a message back, to America by their visito rs of a big mission, thus setting free for preaching, teaching or medical work other missionaries who went out to do the latter and who are not qualijied for the more technical duties of a field treasurer. Any man at home making such an investment as a foreign mission contribution may well feel he is aiding the work of world evangelization in a most effective way.

Here is a chance for investment that would increase the capacity of a hard-working young missionary in Japan about threefold: "If yon see anybody who has an antomobile, small size, who wants to put it to the very best use in the world, tell him to send it to me. I have fourteen preaching places, covering a thousand square miles of territory, and want to open more, but can't do it till I get a better way of locomotion than a bicycle. An auto would be fine in this territory."

Every American may not know with what sus- picion and even hatred the United States is re- garded by the average Latin – American. The small number who know our missIOnaries, of course, have learned that our people have no thought of aggression ONE RESULT OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENT IN CHINA against any of the coun- Crowds of Chinese and Robert E. Speer looking at arailway wreck outgide tries to the south of us, Peking but they are almost a negligible part of the total population. Any increase in the work and power of evangelical Christianity tends by just so much to dispel this suspicion and to promote fraternal relations. Therefore, to strengthen the missions and missionaries in their work, aids directly in promoting good relations between the United States and her sister American Re- publics. Any amount invested in well-organized mission work in Latin- America, from $25 for a child in a mission school to $500 for increas- ing the evangelistic work in a district, will be most opportune.

While everybody has not made unusual profits during the past year in the United States, a great many Christian people have prospered ex- ceptionally, and the call comes to them with great force just now from our needy brothers in other lands. If Americans (as citizens 'of the United States are called all over the world) could but realize how Ori- ental nations are looking to them for help, material and moral; how they regard the United States as their champion, and as the home of those who love them, and are willing to do for them, their pleasure and pride in the imputation would lead them to live up to it. '

It is still true, as it was in Christ's time, that where a man's treas- ure is there will his heart be also, and if a man invests part of his treas- ure in the mission field abroad his heart will grow with a love for the brothers struggling there and waiting for the light.

in the Church

THE OPINIONS OF LEADING LAYMEN AS TO THE VALUE AND PLACE OF MISSIONARY SERMONS AND MISSIONARY EFFORT IN THE HOME CHURCH The editor rl!Cenlly wrote 10 prominent laymen in various denominations, asking their view.! on the objections, sometimes heard, that churches cannot afford to give to foreign 'work and that the members do not like to hear mis- sionaries and mis.!ionary sermons. The fol/o'wing statements are taken from the replies received.

By R. A. Doan, Cincinnati, Ohio After more than twenty years of business life I can truthfully say that the missionary addresses in the local churches I have attended have been the greatest inspiration of my life. I can conceive of no church do- ing a work which is worth while without frequently having the call to the missionary program sounded from the pulpit. Nothing has spurred me to a deeper spiritual life as an inspiring missionary address showing the need of the world for our Christ. Let me say, with all the positiveness at my command, that I do not believe missions can be emphasized too much from the local pulpit. I say this not primarily because of the good it will do the cause of Missions, although that is great, but because the people themselves need that kind of an outlook for their own spiritual upbuilding.

By lFiliiant f. Schielfelin, N e'w York (Schieffclin & Co., Druggists), Chairman of the Citizens' Union I think that once a month, both in the Sunday-school and in the pulpit, the missionary cause should be presented in every church. Of course, the address should be made by a man who is an enthusiastic believer in the cause of Missions and who thinks that every Christian is in duty bound to obey the commands of Christ: .that we lift up our eyes and behold the field, and that we should pray that laborers should be thrust forth into the harvest, and that we should go to the uttermost parts of the earth so that all men should have the opportunity to become followers of Christ. In these days this must be proclaimed in order that life on this planet may be worth living.

By D. lV. M'cTl'illiams, Treasurer of the Aietropolitan Street Railway, New York My judgment is that the apathy and criticism and opposition to the subject of Missions in our congregation is to be overcome and removed by the aggressive education of the people in the presentation of the facts of the case, as we would do if we were overcoming opposition to any other subject and advocating the adoption of a progressive program.

If our pastor did not preach and speak on Missions and make them a great underlying subject of his pastorate, the men and women of his congregation would institute inquiries about his avoidance. thereof.

We approve having home and foreign missionaries at regular church services and at mid-week Irleetings, to present the subject in its most attractive way and form by the best of intelligent men and women.

Missions should be constantly presented to the public. Agitate, educate are the methods to impress on the people their responsibility for the unsaved world.

Our pastors' voices in advocacy of Missions have been heard throughout the world. As a result others are preaching the Gospel to the people, building churches, hospitals, schools and homes. Now William Carey need not preach seven years in India for his first convert, nor Moffat eleven years in Bechuanaland, and China no longer waits fifty years for its first fifty adherents. Converts in non-Christian worlds are now being added at the rate of one million in twelve years. Five thousand are now added in India each year and 3,000 each week III Korea.

By John T. Stone, Mary/mId Casualty Company, Baltimore The church to which I belong is now, and has always been, distinctly a missionary church. It was formerly the center of a parish, its membership living within close distances all around it. Through the inevitable changes of city life, the membership gradually moved away, and for a period of years a few faithful ones maintained the old church, at great inconvenience, partly for sentimental reasons and partly out of a conviction that the greater the need of the community the greater the reason for maintaining the church. A few years ago the situation again changed, and we now have a growing, virile, progressive church, made up to-day very largely of people who live close by and who have been brought first into the saving grace of our Lord Jesus Christ through the gateway of conversion and then into active membership in the church.

These facts are the best evidence that in our congregation, at least, the missionary spirit and the presentation of Foreign Missions, as well as Home Missions, has not only not been a chilling and deterrent influence, but, on the contrary, if it had not been that our old church has always maintained its emphasis upon Missions, it would have long since ceased to exist. We have proven, to our own satisfaction at least, that "the light that shines the farthest shines the brightest nearest home."

By James 1'0,;1. J'vlontgomery, Treasurer of Richard Young Company, New York I certainly desire our pastor to preach at least one or two sermons each year and also speak on Missions three or four times each year at the mid-week service.

I think it desirable to have Home and Foreign Mission speakers at the mid-week meetings at least three or four times each year, and especially just before the offerings are taken for the two fields. When missionaries are strong speakers, I believe they should speak at the morning service on Sunday.

IN THE CHURCH PROGRAM

There is only one way to make the members of the local church interested in Missions-by education. This can be done by the above methods, by circulating missionary literature and books, but most effectively by personal work on the part of those already interested.

Our pastor is thoroughly interested in Missions. I would suggest that churches increase their interest in Missions by having social meetings at which missionaries from various fields can personally come in contact with the members.

By Frank L Brown, Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association As a layman I have discovered that a pastor's intensive work depends for its quality and effectiveness upon his extensive view of Missions. He cannot focus without vision. As this is true likewise of the people he serves, I count it his greatest service if he gives us frequently missionary information, outlook and emphasis in the Sunday sermons and at the midweek prayer service. 'Ve are helped most by addresses by missionaries or by laymen who have either been to the field or who can give a layman's impression of the real import of Jiissions.

The other methods which have mostly helped our church's missionary enthusiasm have been the distribution of missionary literature, the support by societies and Sunday-school classes of special objects, and a missionary exhibit, running for several days, where the societies and classes show up, by dress, information and material, a particular field or piece of work, with two evenings given over to missionary stereopticon pictures, brief reports by societies and classes doing special work at home and abroad, and a rousing missionary address and missionary tableaux.

Most pastors do little businesslike, intelligent work in keeping Missions consecutively before the people in an educational way. They are satisfied if the missionary offering does not fall below last year, and do not adequately prepare the soil for a bigger harvest next year. In these days, when big things are happening everywhere in missionary work and the whole world is reachable if we have the method, men and means, this seems almost criminal.

By William L. Amerman, Holt & Co., New York Interest in missions, like interest in any other good cause, is developed by familiarity with the facts. The essentials are: An attractive presentation, a fair hearing. It is usually supposed that, to secure these, talks by outside speakers must be arranged for at Sunday and mid-week services. But often permanent impressions are made by the remarks of individual members of the congregation tactfully enlisted in presenting the topics of the monthly missionary meeting. Systematic circulation of missionary books has won over many a doubter.

The pastor who is building up missionary interest will not merely preach in behalf of missions when there is money to be raised. The more the patient process of education is carried on at other times, the less he will need to "beg." The needs of the work and workers will often be

remembered in public prayer. Missionary illustrations in sermon and conversation will reflect the heart interest of the study and the prayer closet.

The ideal relationship is attained when the sons and daughters of the home church are representing her on the mission field, calling out her efforts, gifts and prayers. Pray and plan for such a consummation.

By Hugh R ..Monro, Fice·President Niagara Lithograph Company, New York There is among intelligent Christian laymen a growing recognition of the fact that the giving of the Gospel to the whole world is the supreme mission of the Church. If there are those who fail to recognize this reo sponsibility it is largely because the case has not been clearly stated, as the plain facts admit of no alternative. A pastor, possessed himself with the missionary spirit and using every means to bring his people into touch with the latest information from the various fields, will unfailingly discover a deepening missionary interest on the part of his congregation as well as a sacrificial response to missionary appeals.

There is a type of missionary address which fails to impress the practical man of affairs, but a straightforward statement of what is being wrought through the power of the Gospel in heathen lands, given with manly vigor and in the Spirit of Christ, will never fail of a sympathetic response. The most convincing speaker is usually the missionary direct from the field, and an active chu~ch should enjoy the stimulus of such first-hand information at least once each month, either at a regular preaching service or mid-week meeting. The mere contact with one of these earnest laborers, whose life has been given to service in heathen lands, has led many a layman to review his own career and consider its comparative barrenness.

Much ·of the coldness and apathy of which pastors frequently complain would disappear if their people were kept in touch with the vital spiritual movements at home and abroad.

The "every-member plan" of church finance has marked the most important recent steps in missionary giving. The next step should be the relation of each congregation to some specific work abroad through the support of a direct representative or otherwise.

The Late Dr. Seth Low, at one time jl,1ayor of New York and later President of Columbia University "I went to the Edinburgh Conference in 19IO thinking that Christian missions are a pious undertaking; I returned profoundly convinced that Christian missions are a world force, and just as surely to be reckoned with as are the developments of commerce."

At Dr. Low's home there was always a welcome for missionaries, and he shared with his wife an interest in their enterprises. The Low family many years ago gave the building on Boone Compound, in which St. Peter's Hospital, Wuchang, China, began its work.

RALPH C. NORTON AT THE TRENCHES" SOMEWHERE 1N FRANCE"

Lo' Peter.'! A Belgian major. Mrs. Norton. Commandantc LeDuc Evangelizing the Belgian Soldiers BY MRS. RAJ,PH C. NORTON, LONDON, ENGLAND British and Allied Soldiers' Evangelistic Campaign THE Belgian soldiers are men without homes. Their country is occupied by the enemy, and they cannot return there on furlough. Consequently, thousands of Belgian soldiers come to London to pass their short six days' leave with relatives or as guests of the British or their own home government, in clubs and hostels provided for the purpose.

In the summer of 19 15, Mr. Norton and I had returned to London after spending some time in especial evangelistic work among the British soldiers, and planned to devote our time among the soldiers of the allied armies.

There it was that, in the good providence of God, our attention was directed to these Belgian soldiers. They roamed the street, often friendless and helplessly alone, like sheep needing a shepherd. One night we met one young soldier who accepted a French Gospel with such eagerness that almost from that hour we felt that our spiritual ministries should be devoted to the Belgian soldier as long as the war might last.

This soldier, little Pierre, left us for the front, carrying a package of Gospels in French and Flemish for his comrades of the trenches.

These were soon distributed, and he wrote for more. He was the forerunner of many others, who also found the beauty of the Gospel of Christ as revealed in His Word, and became apostles to the trenches, carrying the message of eternal life to their fellows, who were as yet ignorant of its power.

We met Peter on the street a week or so before we had met Pierre. It was not chance that led us to Peter Van Koeckhoven-it was God. How often has the wonder of God's promise of leading been proved: "I, being in the way, the Lord led me. . . ." Peter from'the start displayed an eagerness to know the truth as it is in Christ. He accepted a Gospel, and besought us for others for his comrades in the trenches.

Peter began to study the Scriptures in the trenches, in barn or barrack back of the lines, whenever he could find a leisure moment. He had soon completed the reading of the Gospel, and a week or so after his return to the front he wrote for a complete Bible. As he read he found what a simple thing it was to accept Christ, so he opened his great heart to the Saviour. Then, as Peter read, he found the command, "Go ye . . . and tell." His own heart's impulses seconded the Divine command, and he became a soul winner. He distributed Gospels to all who would take them. He also enlisted in ~his service other friends, especially those whom he was leading to the knowledge of Christ. Two of his first converts, Arthur and John, became his staunch helpers, and were partakers of his zeal and devotion.

In January of 19 I 6 we met John in London, and asked him how Peter had managed to distribute nearly 10,000 Gospels.

"Oh," came his response, "he has many friends in other regiments, and to these he entrusts quantities of the Gospels for distribution, after our own soldiers are supplied."

He smiled as he spoke of Peter, whom he loved with a singular devotion.

"He is the strongest man in the regiment," he continued, "and you should see him swing a parcel of 600 Gospels onto his back, already burdened by his heavy pack, and start off for a four-hour march to the trenches. "

As time went on Peter began to feel the need for some organization which would bind his "Bible readers" together, and he formed the "Ligue des Saintes Ecritures," or "Scripture League." We sent little membership cards for the men to sign, and at his request we had them printed in both French and Flemish. The card was perforated, the smaller end to be signed with the soldier's name, military address, and home address, so that we could keep in touch with them in Belgium after the war, and perhaps form some permanent organization. The larger end was to be signed also and to be retained by the men. Peter, Arthur and John have kept additional lists of all the "members," and each man is given a number. The stubs are sent to us by the new members themselves or by the workers, and each member receives a com-

THE BELGIAN SOLDIERS

plete New Testament in the language of his choice. The Gospels are given generally, but the Testaments only to members of the League. fhe pledge of membership was made simple, merely a promise to endeavor to carry a Testament or Gospel daily, to read a portion of it, and to meditate carefully on what was read. The success of the "Ligue" was immediate. Scores of other Belgian soldiers, whom we later met in London, became fired with something of Peter's zeal.

Since the time of our first meeting with Peter hundreds of Belgian soldiers have been met by us, often picked up off the street, taken to lunch and afterward to our hotel, where they have been introduced to the Word of God. After a time of instruction and prayer many have been led to accept Christ and have returned to the trenches to evangelize their fellows. Often it has been possible for us to entertain soldiers during all of their furlough, thus having a longer time in which to instruct and strengthen these babes in Chnst.

Since those earlier days the knowledge of our interest in the spiritual welfare of the Belgian soldier has spread throughout the army in a marvelous way, and each day's mail has brought scores of letters from these men. Some have appealed for temporal aid, and these have not been ignored, for we have found that temporal assistance has often been the best means of reaching their souls. Our business has been fishing for the Belgian soldier-"taking him alive"-and we have baited our hook with kindness and love and sympathy, and we have found him responding in a wonderful way, and we have found him looking past us to the Master.

Most of the letters that have reached us, however, have contained appeals for spiritual help. We have been amazed to find the number of men in the Belgian army who professed themselves to be infidel before the war, but who now are turning eagerly to the truth as it is in Christ Jesus. Perhaps they are among the number who leave one of the great London stations daily on their return to the front, when my husband distributes Gospels to these outgoing hundreds of men. In the Gospel that they carelessly accept they find our name and address, and after their hearts have been stirred by reading the Evangel, perhaps for the first time in their life, they write for further instruction. In the months that follow it is our joy to record the daily growth of these disciples as they yield to the Spirit's teaching. Invariably they ask for packages of Gospels, Testaments and League cards, which they find the best assistance in personal work.

Thus the work has spread, life touching life, until now, a little more than a year after the beginning of the work, over one hundred thousand Gospels and many thousand Testaments have been distributed among these soldiers. League members are counted by the thousand. To each new League member are sent League cards for his comrades, and tracts and booklets which will aid and instruct him in the Christian faith. These latter have in large measure been donated by the Religious

1 ract Society of London, the Drummond Tract Depot of Stirling and other societies.

We have now the names of over one hundred Belgian soldiers who are faithfully and intelligently working for the spread of Christ's King- dom through the distribution of His Word. '1 hey are seeking to lead their comrades to the knowledge of salvation through Christ. With these men we are in constant correspondence, answerIng their queries, supplying them counsel and encouragement, and keeping them supplied Wltn the ~criptures with which to carryon their work ot evangelization.

N ow, when letters reach us carrying pleas for spiritual help, often we are able to direct the soldier to another man in his own battalion or regiment who will be able to meet with him personally and aid him in hiS spiritual needs. – In a marvelous way the Seed has been scattered. A Gospel left with a gendarme of military police, at a military base in France, led to his writing us tor counsel. Now over fifty gendarmes at this base have become members of the League, among whom are the two chiefs of the different gendarmeries.

The work has also been started among the interned Belgian sol- diers in Holland. One man, who has found how precious the life of Christ can be, is a flame of fire, and writes for a thousand Gospels at a time. Also in hospitals in France and unconquered Belgium the work is going on, and almost each day brings us news of the spread of the tide of blessing.

N at long ago an appeal came from Malta from an interned Ger- man prisoner, who in some unknown manner had come across a little Belgian League card. Enmity born of the world conflict was forgotten.

He only considered that he needed the comfort and help of the Book of books, and he filled out the card and sent it to us. We sent him the Testament, and now we receive almost daily appeals from other men in that camp. The British Government kindly allows us to send the Scriptures freely to these men, so that to this camp alone have gone Scrip- tures in Arabic, Italian, French, Croatian and German.

Our Belgian soldiers write to us as their "Father and Little Mother," and tell of their progress in the Christian life. One dear boy, Rene, made a slip after his conversion. He told us a lie, which to him formerly had not seemed a gross sin, but when we pointed this out to him his grief knew no bounds. His first letter after returning to the front was most touching.

"My Dear Parents," he wrote, in his own quaint English, "I have received back safe, and am in a healthy condition, but parents, I feel a little lonesome yet, for what I have been doing wrong with the Lord, and with my dear parents. I know, mother and father, I have not been doing the right way of a Christian boy; but I trust in the Lord and hope He will forgive me for what I have done wrong. He is so sweet and kind, and since I have known Him, have I felt so happy; hut not those

days in London, because the devil was getting after me; but for him there is nothing to do any more, and when he should try again to have me again on the wrong way, I should fight against him, because I know the difference now more and more between the dear Lord and the bad devil. I hope, dear parents, everybody will be as I was, sorry when the devil gets after them; but I have myoid Teacher back again, the Lord, and hope He will watch me and keep me in the right way. Lord, oh Lord, help me, watch and forgive me! Am longing for more Testa- ments so I can do some more work for the Lord."

On a recent visit which we paid to the Belgian front many of our boys came to visit us, just back of the lines. Some tramped for twenty miles through mud and over almost impassable roads to spend an hour and a half with us. Then they tramped the twenty miles back to their post. Among the number were several LJniversity men, who came to inquire more perfectly the way of salvation. We find the same spiritual interest among the high and the lowly of the Belgian army. Peter him- self is the son of a Baroness, but counts his noble birth, as well as all things else, "but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ."

There are many evidences of the changed lives of these men. One man wrote: "For many months I have had an intellectual belief in the Gospel as presented in the Bible, although I have never felt any new- ness of life. I have even defended the faith in the presence of my com- rades, althou?;h I had myself never fully accepted it. But my cousin (who received a Gospel and signed the declaration of faith) Game to visit me back of the lines. I found him so changed from what he used to be before the war, that I could only marvel. He tells me that he has found Christ, and I am writing you, asking you if you would help me also to find for myself that which he has found."

These boys who have found Christ have little meetings in the trenches. "They threw things at us first," one of them confided to me, "but now they all gather around and listen to us as we read the Bible and explain it." .

So the arm of the Lord is revealed in the midst of the terrible wel- ter of the greatest war in history, and many who perhaps might not oth- erwise hflve been reached by the truth are to-day trustine: in Christ as Lord and Saviour. Others resting: in the same blessed faith, newly re- ceived by them, are to-day with Him in Paradise.

-~—— With the help of American and British friends, Mr. and Mrs. N orton are sending boxes to these Belgian soldiers who are so out of touch with home and friends. Each box costs one dollar and contains some dainties, some comforts and a copy of the Gospels. The kindness and the message are bearing rich fruitage.-EDIToR.

THEY COME TO THE COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES AT TUSKEGEE

This is a gala day for the rural folk of Macon County. The campus is crowded with hundreds of vehicles that have brought thousands of negroes who seek better things

Tuskegee's Ideals for the

BY ROBERT R. MOTON, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA T USKEGEE'S ideals for the Negro are, like those of its founder, high and progressive. Much is said about the "acid test," and at Tuskegee the Negro has passed through the acid test. From the day he first landed at Jamestown to this hour the black man has been under the physical test. He was brought from a hot cli- mate to a colder one, and yet practically no additional clothes were put on his back. The fact that all the Negroes did not die is the first great proof that the Negro had the physique to survive. But to make assurance doubly sure more acid was added. He was put to sleep in shanties with dank earth floors. He was given food that scientific feeding now would hardly give to any creature to work on. He was worked from dawn till dark. All these were in striking and shocking contrast to his former life of ease and roving, of feeding on fresh fruit and the flesh of wild beasts and fowls.

To-day the test is still applied. The Negro lives as a rule, that is, the masses, in and around the ditches, the dark and damp places in the city. In some towns and cities there are even being enacted laws to keep him there. I know of no grosser misunderstanding existing between the two races to-day than such as grows out of just this matter of segregation. The white people appear to think that the Negro wants to mix socially, when really all the Negro wants is a better house on a cleaner street, with water, lights, adequate police protection and a decent environment for his children. The majority of Negro families live now in a one-room house either in the city or in the country, and they live on meagre fare. His spirit or courage receives a daily or even more frequent jar through the reminder that the color of his skin, for which he can hardly be held accountable, is a barrier to his progress. Yet the black man lives, smiles, rears his family, gives his children a little better clothes, and a little more education than he has had, puts his shoulder to the wheel in peace or in war to push forward the good work of- his state or his community, and above all harbors no envy or revenge. This does not refer to the criminal, shiftless Negro, who is already spoken of too much. But for the worthy Negro thus surviving and increasing, facing even the most trying difficulties with chee:-, I repeat, our ideals for him are high and progressive.

To make the Negro a Christian citizen is the passionate dream and fervent effort of Tuskegee. First and always Tuskegee is dedicated to lifting the masses. 'iVe believe that only as the people at the bottom are drawn up can the race be recognized as deserving larger opportu-

THE HOME OF WM. HOLTZCLAW, A GRADUATE OF TUSKEGEE He was the Founder of Utica Normal and Industrial Institute, l>.'lississippi, a School begun under the trees and now valued at $100,000.

nltles. Perhaps I can best explain by giving in some detail the Tuskegee process of moulding men and women. With the late Dr. Booker T. Washington, religion and duty, religion and clothes, religion and food, in a word, religion and environment, were one and the same. He believed that no man could be a Christian and give a half day's work for a whole day's work. He rather believed, as he so often said to his students, that a man should always do more than his assigned duty: that he should do a day and a half's work for a day's work. He believeq that such was Christlike, and that no man could render such service without being and becoming a good deal of a Christian.

Thus Tuskegee's first ideal is to take religion out of the air and put it within the daily reach of men, not a religion for the Sabbath merely. Thus we teach or try to teach that to report to work at a certain hour, to report to meals at a given moment, to keep the clothes neat and clean, "to walk erect as if you are going somewhere," are attributes of a Christian just as much as, or even more so, than preaching a loud sermon or shouting and "moaning" in church on the Sabbath.

I was rather amused as well as gratified at the remark of an Alabama County school superintendent who visited Tuskegee during the past summer. Said he: "You Negroes walk. You pick up your feet. I've seen colored folks loll, shuffie and stroll, but not walk."

In addition to inculcating religion into daily duty and duty into religion, Tuskegee gives its students courses that they may go out and teach others.

The Tuskegee Institute puts as much stress upon the by-product of training as it does upon special courses. That is, no matter what trade a man has learned, what profession he may afterward enter, Tuskegee expects him to engage in community service or uplift work. Whether a student is a blacksmith, carpenter, tailor, tinsmith, school teacher, doctor or minister, he is expected, by his life and work, to go out and be an example to his community. He is expected to go into the church and teach Sunday school. If there is no Sunday school, he is expected to organize one. He is to organize clubs for community improvement, mothers' clubs, sanitary clubs, boys' corn clubs and girls' tomato clubs, if in the country, and garden clubs and community improvement clubs if in the city. He is expected to become interested in the public school, to help build a school if need be, to see that good teachers are secured, to use every effort to extend the school term from two or three months to six, seven or eight months. And above all, everywhere, at work, in meetings, he is not to whine, but to teach optimism to his people, to give the people greater hope, larger faith and a stronger belief in themselves and mankind generally.

ONE OF TIlE STUDENT FORCES FOR THE UPLIFT OF SOUTHERN NEGROES Y. wI. C. A. Cabinet at Tuskegee Institute. Training for Social Service and uplift work is given at Tuskegee in addition to literary and industrial schooling.

Our courses, or rather the Tuskegee life, seek to give students this sort of training. I say Tuskegee life, because the Tuskegee idea is that always you are living in the present, not in the future. This is true for both students and teachers. In our Phelps Hall Bible Training School we seek to train Christian workers, not ministers. Our students go out . into the country and teach Sunday school, visit the sick and destitute, organize various community clubs, plant gardens, teach the people to whitewash and to clean up. If they wish to pursue courses looking to the ministry afterward, that is all right. Tuskegee's idea is that whether they go further or not, this kind of training they will always need.

Our Y. M. C. A. and our Y. V. C. A. are schools in which our boys and girls gain valuable experience for this uplift work. Both of these organizations have student cabinets, and committees, which are responsible for religious service, socials, athletics, and much of the de· portment of students.

In this work, as in all other work of the school, Tuskegee says to the student, "The school is yours. The teachers are your guides only. Live now. Learn by doing." 'Vith allowance for youth and individual shortcomings, this idea is very well carried out. I f the teacher is absent in the blacksmith shop, in the kitchen, in the arithmetic class, the students take hold and shoe the horse, serve the meal, or solve the problem as the case may be. Tn this way we teach him to lend an influence that is positive and aggressive rather than negative. This Tuskegee is trying to make a habit with him before he leaves her doors.

While Tuskegee continuously drives home this ideal of service to others, she also lays strong emphasis on beginning with self. Nothing is quite so convincing in the Tuskegee scheme as the outstanding, concrete example. If a student would convince people that land owning and property owning are a desirable asset of a good citizen, he must blaze the way by owning property himself. If he would teach that a beautiful home, flowers in the yard, a happy family are the ideals of citizenship, then he must .set the example by having these himself. In all this, however, he or she must be simple and modest; the clothes, the home, the speech, must all exhibit the quiet, unassuming worker, not the man of vanity and show.

This is the ideal as Tuskegee tries to impart it to her students. Through pamphlets, through agents, through gatherings at the Institute, she seeks constantly to reenforce this. Through the kindness of a friend, Mr. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago, she has tried to bring home this ideal to the colored people in rural communities, by building a model school building. In many cases the effect has been almost instant, in that farmers have put up hetter homes or improved on those already built. Once or twice a year the school issues pamphlets telling farmers what to plant in a given season, how to care for cows, pigs, poultry and the like. These leaflets are usually the work of Prof. George V. Carver, of the Agricultural Department, who has contributed much during

TUSKEGEE'S IDEALS FOR THE NEGRO

his twenty years' service at Tuskegee to advance the standard of the life of the rural colored man.

Many white men are still skeptical about negro education. Prof. Carver's work is an example of how a serviceable act blots out the race question and gains friends for negro education as well as personal friends. Only a short time ago, under the direction of the Institute, he issued a bulletin entitled "How to Live Comfortably in Winter." Now, of course, the Southern white man as a rule would not think of taking instruction from a Negro. It chanced that one of these pamphlets fell into the hands of the State supervisor of canning clubs. In a letter saying "I know you wrote this for colored farmers, but it will help white farmers as well," this lady asked that several copies be sent to each of her twenty-seven subordinates in the different sections of the State. This she requested in spite of the fact that'a pamphlet purporting to contain the same kind of instruction had just been issued to the white farmers of the State.

The frequent assembling of farmers and their wives and children about the school has done untold good in keeping the people spurred on, in giving them new ideals b'oth of work and living. At these gatherings the mothers learn how to cook, to care for poultry and milk, to keep neater homes and to care for their children: Of course, not every graduate nor every ex-student has been a conspicuous success in applying our ideals. Yet when we consider how new all things in civilization are to the black man, and under what odds he often labors we have every reason to be encouraged.

Our students have carried the Tuskegee ideal into every walk of life into which they have gone. In some instances it is the doing of the big things, in others it is doing the humble, little thing in a modest way; in still others, it is doing the every-day duty in an unusual but very satisfactory way.

Probably the biggest way in which Tuskegee has had her ideals reenforced is through reproduction. Dr. Washington saId, "Go forth into the woods and barren places and build up schools." Of the number of students who have gone out from Tuskegee during the last thirty-odd years since its founding thirty-three have founded industrial schools. The record of these schools, as compiled in 19 IO, shows 142 teachers employed, 62 of whom were Tuskegee graduates or former students. Through these offshoots 4,000 students were being trained and 73,000 people were being reached by the method of extension work taught at Tuskegee, that is, through farmers' conferences, mothers' meetings, boys' and girls' improvement clubs and the like.

One founder of a rural school wrote some time ago, "I accept my salary in syrup, meal, corn or anything I can use in my family." This teacher soon discovered that he needed a mule and farm tools to teach agriculture and gardening. To buy these he got the friends and patrons to give IOO ears of corn apiece.

MISSIONARY I<.EVIEW Or< TIlE WORLD [J al1uary

One of the most successful of Tuskegee branch schools was founded in Florida· from the proceeds of I % acres of sweet potatoes; another in South Carolina was established by a young woman who entered Tuskegee almost destitute and very frail of health. She started her institution in the upstairs of an old storehouse, borrowing chairs, benches and other requisites of the schoolroom. This school now has a valuation of over $60,000. Another graduate started a school in Mississippi with only trees for a shelter. This institution to-day has property valued at $ I 00,000.

The same spirit of service has animated students in other walks of life. A former student, who is farming, has also built a school, established a farmers' conference, and in winter holds a three-days' school for farmers. A public school teacher in one of our small cities is church organist, superintendent of the Sunday school, a member of the deacons' board and president of the Baptist Young People's Union. All of these posts he has held from fifteen to twenty years.

Some years ago a young lady came to Tuskegee and learned dressmaking. Unable to remain until she could get a diploma, she went away and set up business for herself. But' she had caught the Tuskegee spirit. She organized a girls' industrial club. Through this club she secured employment for 132 girls and established prizes to be awarded to the best seamstress.

Among those who have gone out from Tuskegee none have rendered finer service than our trained nurses. In one city in the North one of our nurses asked to be allowed to work in the colored slums. As she was the first Negro nurse to make such an application she had endless difficulty in securing appointment. She worked five months without salary. She went into the homes of fallen girls, corrected the unsanitary habits of mothel:s and children, and even broke up gambling resorts of the Negro men.

These, then, are some of the ideals of Tuskegee for the Negro. First, last and always, he will serve his fellow men in any way his ability may direct. He shall pick out a place, settle down, own property, pay taxes and become a model citizen. His house, his dress, his life while at work or at play shall be an example and an inspiration; they shall inspire his own race to emulation and the white race to belief in Negroes and in negro education.

Tuskegee has not thus far concerned herself with what is called political rights. Her ideal has been to make the Negro deserving, to make him show to the white race that he is deserving. Though many discouraging setbacks occur, as when black men are lynched or driven out wholesale from communities in which they have property and pay taxes, keep thc law and serye thcir people; yet, with that strong buoyant hope and optimism so characteristic of her founder, Tuskegee feels sure that the sense of fair play in the white man and the justice of God will finally give us our place of full citizenship in America.

A YILLAGE WHERE THE MISSIONARIES ARE WORKING IN CAMEROON, WEST

War Experiences in West Africa BY REV. WILLIAM M. DAGER Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A.

THE German Cameroon colony in West Africa lies between British Nigeria on one side and French Congo on the other, with diminu- tive Spanish Guinea touching its southern border for about one hundred miles. Vhen war broke out two years ago, this short strip of neutral border land was the only outlet to the outside world. Allied war vessels controlled the sea coast, and all the other parts of the boundary line were soon the scene of desperate fighting. The troops on both sides were almost all Africans, but they were officered by Europeans.

The American Presbyterian mission is in South Cameroon, where forty-five missionaries were stationed at the outbreak of the war. ];10st of them were at the coast for the annual mission meeting, and sixteen, who had completed their three years of service, were planning to sail for America on a German steamer in the middle of August. The enervating climate of tropical Africa rendered these men and women physically unfit to endure any added strain. The German steamer did not sail, but God provided another way. Through the kindness of the Germans they crossed to Fernando Po, where Spanish hospitality provided for the necessary stay, and they were able to borrow money for passage on a Spanish boat. An English cargo boat took care of four of the party from the Canary Islands, so that all enjoyed their muchneeded furlough, and are now back on the field. They are taking the

places of those who passed through the strenuous months dU'ring which they were working with fighting on every side of them.

In July, 19'4, just before the declaration of war, a group of missionaries were standing on the beach at Batanga, interested in a promiscuous assortment of boxes. These had just been carried from the surf boat by the natives and deposited beyond the reach of the waves. The steamer from which this surf boat was discharging its cargo was anchored about a mile out. She was the last steamer to land cargo before the blockade. That group of missionaries did not know the future, but God did, and He had sent the supply just before they were to be almost shut off from supplies for eighteen months.

The neutral Spanish border prevented an absolute blockade. Entrance through this border was, however, roundabout, difficult and dangerous. One man from America, who was at home on furlough, returned to the mission that way in January, 19 I 5. He came with letters, papers, and first-hand news. There were malted milk and oatmeal for the babies, and limited quantities of butter, milk, sugar and flour, to be distributed among five stations.

Native foods were used by the missionaries to a large extent. Of corn, sweet potatoes and peanuts there was no lack at any time. The sugar cane furnished us with molasses. Bananas were not difficult to procure. Pineapples and oranges could be had in season. Some who had their own chickens had eggs all the time; those without could buy them part of the time. A small amount of goats' milk was available when it was possible to get possession of a goat. Potatoes, beans and small onions were grown, and some other European vegetables. For these, however, best results can only be secured with fresh seed which has been specially prepared and packed for the tropics. Seed was sent, but before it could reach the end of this long journey the tins were no longer moisture·proof, and most of it failed to germinate.

Other foods not so familiar as the above to Americans were a great help to us. The papaia and avagado pear supplied us at all times with fruit. For vegetables we had the plantain and cassava, from both of which we also made flour. The mikabo (known here as the caladium or elephant ear) was a good substitute for potato, and made a nourishing soup, and its young leaves could he cooked as greens. There were also several other varieties of greens, and the bread-fruit trees helped out when they were in season.

Nor were we without meats, for a native hunter brought for our use the antelope and wild hog. In some stations the supply was ample; at others the game was scarce enough to make the bringing in of an animal a real treat. Four or five months without sugar, flour, butter or milk, and eighteen months with only a very limited supply of the same led us to appreciate those essentials as never before.

God not only cared for us during the eighteen months, but taught us to value and use the native foods to an extent we had never done

WILLIAM M. DAGER TRAINING CHRISTIAN WORKERS IN WEST

In this field in West Africa. where there have been such remarkable results from Christian Missions, the territory has passed from the Germans to the Allies. III spite of the war the remark.able work. goes on . and Miss Jean Mackenzie, author of "Black Sheep," has iust been recalled from America to the;!ield.to.help:meet the crisis.

before. The entire period was one in which God's mercies were new to us each day. The absolute necessities were always provided. Quinine, so essential to the health of the missionary, held out till the last. The babies of the mission could not live without milk and oatmeal. There were times when the last tin had been opened, but the new supply was sent just when needed, and the babies were provided for by Him who knew our extremity.

In August, 1914, there was no missionary doctor at Elat, and the Government doctor had been sent to another post, but in that month of mobilization, a German surgeon was sent to the Government post near Elat, and two of his earliest cases were operations for appendicitis upon missionaries of our mission. In January, 19 15, when the black water fever attacked another of our force, and his life hung in the balance, another German Government doctor was the one able to give the immediate attention necessary. Even though some of the stations were without a missionary doctor, military physicians were available for every emergency. vVhen the Germans had gone the French came, and very soon one of their physicians had under his care as a patient another one of our missionaries, and in a short time effected a cure.

Even more apparent was God's care of the missionaries when the war zone encroached upon their field of labor. On one occasion a war vessel was steaming up the coast, firing as she came. Seaside cottage at Batanga was in full view on a bluff facing the ocean. When it was seen to be necessary, the neutral flag was displayed and the firing ceased within half a mile of the house within which were four of our missIOnaries. On another occasion two of the missionaries were making a necessary journey through the German outpost. A French attack was expected, and scouts were watching the roads. Their path should have turned to cross a stream, but talking as they rode on their bicycles, they missed the turn and went straight ahead. Later they learned that they had been mistaken for Frenchmen and the scouts had retreated to the other side of the river, taking the canoe with them, without which a crossing was not possible. When the missionaries returned and called for the canoe they were recognized by the natives. God had led them out of their way for their protection.

The time came when the battle lines drew nearer to our stations and work. Two of our missionaries were in a native village with one hundred and fifty evangelists and teachers, who had with them their wives and children. On sloping ground they all crouched behind stumps and trees, where the missionaries waited while the Germans retreated and the French advanced. The bullets flew overhead and a stray bullet found its victim in the next village, but not one of our people was touched.

There were critical situations in those first days of occupation by the Allies. The missionaries were not known to them, so that a strange white man could be easily mistaken for a German. This did happen

EXPERIENCES IN WEST AFRICA

in four widely separated places. Guns were pointed at them, and for a time they were prisoners, but through it all no one of them experienced the slightest hodily harm.

SOME RESULTS OF THE MISSIONARY'S WORK IN WEST AFRICA Girls' school at MacLean Station) Lolodorf. Mrs. 'V. S. Lehman in the rear.

Looking after refugees took the missionary through the German lines one hour before the French forced them to retreat. His threemile run on the bicycle occurred in a lull of the firing during which new positions were being occupied. Who else timed that journey but God, who was answering the prayers of those at home who were remembering the missionaries shut up in Cameroon?

MISSIONARY WORK IN WAR TIMES And God was not unmindful of His work. The story of sickness, starvation, suffering, temptation, sorrow and death, which came to natives through the war, can never be fully told. With war on every side it was certainly only of God that the educational and evangelistic work of the mission could be maintained for eighteen months with but little interruption, and then go On practically undisturbed through a transfer from German to French control of the colony. We have only the reports from three of the shut-in stations, but these report 1,880 additions by confession of faith in 19 I 5, and contributions aggregating to $8,901, which is just about double what was contributed in any previous year. Evangelists and school teachers remained loyally at their posts, even when the missionaries were removed, because they were not permitted to remain within the war zone. "Let whatever

comes find us and our people together," was the way they expressed their desire to remain at their posts of duty.

Can we ever forget the boy killed by deserters? At the last, when German defeat was certain, many soldiers deserted, and with their guns and ammunition went plundering about the country. They met two men sent on by a by-path to our station at Metet with provisions and mail, because the Allies were coming through Metet and the main road was closed. The loads were stolen and plundered and the mail was thrown into the bush. The carriers were taken as prisoners. Then a school boy of the town, knowing how the missionaries longed for mail, took the letters, intending somehow to get them to us. A second contingent of deserters found him with the letters, and lest through him it should be discovered who stole the boxes, they cruelly killed the boy. The people of the town reported it at once to the advance guard of the French, and part of the mail was recovered and the prisoners released. Precious letters; but spattered with the life blood of the boy who through loyalty to the mission was seeking to deliver them to us.

God also used his missionaries to bring relief to the suffering. It is sadly true that the great bulk of suffering could not be relieved, but much that could be done was done. The retreating Germans left in the care of the mission two thousand refugees who had been political war prisoners. They were to be .sent back to their homes when the Allies had finally come in. On Monday they were given to us, and the whole mission station at Elat was turned over to them. Every dormitory and small cooking shed was filled to overflowing. They camped under the mission dwellings and slept with no shelter at all. They were supplied with two days' rations, and more was promised on Wednesday. But on Wednesday, when the Germans retreated and the French came in, we had only about ten bushels of corn to feed them. But God proved that He can and does supply every need. When wild sweet potatoes and all else we had to give them was gone, on Saturday the people for miles around, feeling that they must make a peaceful approach to their new masters, brought food in such quantities that it sufficed for the invading army and for the refugees as well. The next day the refugees were sent to their homes.

Then, with the country wasted with war, came hunger and dysentery and death. At least four of the missionaries were taken with dysentery-one of the by-products of the war. Vie could not even estimate how many of those heavy-laden carriers were taken with it, sleeping where they could, drinking water from polluted streams, and unable to buy (even when they had the money) food sufficient to nourish them. Many were left unburied by the roadside. At all the mission stations health and succor were given to many. Some beyond help were given a decent burial. Christians entered heartily into the work, and when one missionary adopted the plan of asking in church each Sunday how many had helped any of the refugees during the week, it was

TUSKEGEE'S IDEALS FOR THE NEGRO

gratifying to see about two-thirds or four-fifths of the audience of from five hundred to six hundred rise to their feet.

God's ordering of affairs was clearly illustrated in the return of a doctor and a minister. They were home on furlough, and in June, 19 15, a request was made by the mission that these two be sent to the relief of the over-burdened, shut-in force in Cameroon. But they did not come when we expected. Had they come then they would have met the German refugees fieeing before the advance of the Allies, and the overland journey through Spanish Guinea would have been very dangerous, if not impossible. Now observe a few dates. January I9, I9 I 6, witnessed the retreat of the Germans beyond our last mission station. On January 28th the Allies were in possession of the territory surrounding all of our mission stations. February 15th, the last of the Germans withdrew across the border into Spanish Guinea and left the Allies in full possession. On January 30th the English general gave permission for the entrance of those of our force who had been shut out, and on February 1st the doctor entered Cameroon, and later in the same month the minister arrived. When they left America the Germans were still successfully defending southern Cameroon, and they arrived just as the blockade lifted and the colony was opened to them.

The God who has answered prayer will answer other prayers for these missionaries on the frontier. The transfer from German to French control calls for new adjustments. Some who were there during the period of war are still at their posts. Others have recently returned to their work. They need especially the sympathy and prayers of God's people during these days of toil and danger.

READY FOR A MISSIONARY PALAVER IN WEST AFRICA Head man seated in chair with several of his followers seated on the ground in front 0 ihis house

Chang of the Crystal Spring

BY JEAN CARTER COCHRAN, PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY A GRAY evening had settled in on the village of the Crystal Spring: it had rained a soft drizzle all day, and even the Crystal Spring, for which the hamlet had been called, lay deep in mud and belied its name. There was, in fact, nothing much but mud to be seen, from the narrow streets where the little pools of muddy water stood, to the walls of the houses that were plainly built of no other material, and looking out into the twilight over the fields the country also was the same monotonous muddy brown tint.

Though the Chinese are a good deal like hens in their attitude of mind toward water in general, and rain in particular, this evening it had failed to keep them indoors, for had not the village schoolmaster promised to tell them many wonderful things of the golden age of China, when sages walked the land and were able to converse not only with human beings, but with the fairy folk?

To-night the schoolmaster looked over his little audience of men and boys, wondering which story to tell them; they waited in a respectful silence, for he had taken his degree, and the only one in the village who did not stand in awe of him was his wife. If Mr. Chang had known Greek his feelings would have been drawn to Socrates and his home life.

Slowly he began, * "lEans ago, almost at the dawning of our golden age, there lived on the edge of a lotus stream a mussel contented and happy. One spring morning, when the apricots were in bloom, tempted by the beauty of the day, he went out on the river bank to sun himself. A bittern passing by perceived the mussel and, with none of those courteous ceremonies customary in polite society, pecked at the unwatchful shell-fish. The mussel realizing that he who hesitates is lost wasted no time but nipped the bird's beak. The bittern, surprised and frightened, exclaimed: 'If you do not let me go to-day, if you refuse, to let me go to-morrow, there will be a dead mussel.' His would-be victim rejoined: 'If I stay indoors to-day and if I don't come out to-morrow, there surely will be a dead bittern!'" Suddenly, at this climax, a wild face was thrust into the door of the schoolroom and an excited voice shouted: "There is a foreign devil arrived at the inn, and you had better all be quick, for we think he is going to undress I"

Magic surely cannot have disappeared from China; the speed with which the room was emptied of all but the schoolmaster and the necromancer was simply miraculous. The necromancer felt it incumbent on his dignity to move more slowly;, the schoolmaster, who was at heart *This fable is quoted from W. A. Cornaby's "String of Chinese Preach Stones." He claims it is the oldest Chinese fa bIe in existence. SCENE AT A CR YSTAL SPRING VILLAGE WELL IN CHINA a gentleman, turned toward his home; he would call with ceremony later, when the rude villagers had left. Curiosity soon got the better of the necromancer, however, and murmuring: "I have heard it said these foreigners have a hole in their chest through which a stick is run by which they are carried by coolies; I must see if it is true." He turned and hurried to the inn.

The scene at the inn was amusing enough; every door and window was full of heads, and those who had a few cash with which to buy tea had even entered the house itself and were drinking, with their eyes glued on the unfortunate foreigner. The inn was a poor place; the only thing that could be said in its favor was that it was dry. It consisted of one long room, where all the guests ate, dressed and slept. At one end was a fire of stalks burning; there was no chimney to let the smoke escape, so the foreigner sat beside the blaze, with the tears running down his face from the suffocating smoke, trying in vain to get dry. He had removed his coat, which was dripping, and beside him, on the floor, lay a bicycle, covered with the prevailing mud. The man's sense of humor had almost been washed away, but when he saw the amazement painted on every countenance as he started to clean his wheel he could not suppress a smile. He had been forced to walk a long distance on account of the rain, and the consequence was none of the Chinese knew what the bicycle was for, so they kept at a safe distance. As he thoughtfully spun

around each wheel, the eyes of the crowd grew as large as saucers; one of them whispered: "It's a new kind of gun!" Some of them put their fingers in their ears, expecting a loud report, others withdrew to a still greater distance; nothing happened, however, and at that moment the necromancer entered and speedily drew his own conclusions; this was evidently some foreign magic, and it was clearly to his advantage to get in with the foreigner and divide the profits. He went directly up to the stranger and started conversation.

"You have come a long road to-day?" "Yes," replied the man, "one hundred Ii" (about thirty miles). The necromancer thought, "Ha! I was right; it is magic indeed; no man could walk or be carried by coolies a distance like that in such weather." So he asked still another question: "Then the coolies did not carry you by means of the pole stuck through your chest!" The foreigner was puzzled-then he remembered the ancient rumor about the foreigners and replied : "No, I rode this wheel." The necromancer was dazed, but by this time the crowd had grown bolder and felt like asking a few questions on their own account, so they drew up close, and a perfect volley followed: "Where was he from?" "What was his name?" "How did he button his collar?" "What was his vest for?" etc., etc. Finally, weary of answering so much unadulterated curiosity and remembering his purpose in coming, the stranger thought it was his turn to lead the conversation, and, turning to the necromancer, he said: "I have come to your village to tell you about one of our sages that lived many years ago." The people were too interested in the present, however, to stop to hear past history, and they would not listen. Then a bright idea struck the traveler. "1 see that this room is very large; I will ride this wheel around the place for twenty minutes and.let you all see how it works if, after I have finished, you will promise to listen to me talk for twenty minutes." This proposition appealed to his audience, and a space was quickly cleared. Amid the "Ahs,I" and "Ehs I" of the crowd, he mounted the wheel and rode around and around for a long twenty minutes, then he dismounted, and saying: "Now it is my turn I" he began to tell his story. True to their bargain, the Chinese listened quietly, with only a question now and then to help get his meaning. After he had finished, a number bought his tracts and gospels, and one old man asked: "How long ago did you say this good man lived?" "Over nineteen hundred years," the foreign replied. The old man looked very sad. "And you foreigners have known this glad news nineteen hundred years and have only just come to tell us about it now! 1 cannot understand that." Some of the more intelligent lingered for a few moments, but it was growing late, and they at last said a reluctant good-by.

CHANG OF THE CRYSTAL SPRING VILLAGE

With a weary sigh the foreigner turned to undress, when he heard a quiet voice behind him say: "Good evening, honorable sir, may I ask your revered name?" On looking around he beheld the village teacher, Mr. Chang, making deep bows of greeting. Snatching his spectacles from his eyes to show he knew the rules of Chinese etiquette, the stranger replied, with an equally low bow: "My humble name is Sun." "May I also inquire your lofty longevity?" continued the teacher. "My years are only few and small-I am only forty," replied Mr. Sun.

SOME OFI.THE MISSIONARIES' EAGER LISTENERS IN A CHINESE VILLAGE "Ah!" exclaimed the other. "I thought you were a great deaj older. Now will you kindly inform me the name of your renowned country?"

"The name of my country is America!" was the answer. At the name "America" Mr. Chang's face brightened visibly. "Why, that is the country of Washington and Lincoln," he said joyfully. Interested at once, Mr. Sun invited him to be seated, and inquired where he had heard of Washington and Lincoln. The teacher eagerly explained that, when he had gone to Nanking to pass his examination for his degree, at the door of the examination hall a foreigner had sold him a book containing the lives of Washington and Lincoln. "They were indeed great and good men; could YOll not tell me more about them?" Very gladly Mr. Sun did so, and finished by saying: "Washington

and Lincoln were true lovers of freedom and their fellow men, but their ideas were received from a still greater teacher who taught nineteen hundred years ago. Let me read you what he says," and drawing the gospel of John from his pocket he read: "And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free." "Yes," said the teacher, "those are wise words, that is the kind of freedom we need in China; will it weary you too much to tell me about this very wise man?" Delighted at this wonderful opportunity, Mr. Sun told him about that most perfect of all lives, and the teacher eagerly drank in every word. At length he rose to go, saying he would return in the morning to hear more. Sadly, Mr. Sun explained that he had to hurry on at daylight to see a dying friend, but he gave the teacher a book of the Gospels, and promised to return at some future time. It was now late and, very softly, Mr. Chang stole through the deserted street and quietly opened the door of his rude home, hoping not to disturb his sleeping spouse. The hope was vain: she had lain awake on purpose. He was greeted with a volley: "Where in the world have you been? A pretty hour this, to be coming in! What will the neighbors say?" "A good deal," the poor teacher thought, "if they hear you talk," but he wisely only said: "I have been to the inn and talked to the foreigner, and he told me a most wonderful thing about a sage who came to earth to teach us to love everybody, our neighbors, and even strangers." "Foolish words they were; why, think what a difference it would make if I should love Wang Mah!" and turning herself scornfully in bed she went soundly to sleep. Difference, indeed! His wife's daily battles with Wang Mah were the scandal and excitement of the whole village; combat was waged from dawn to dewy eve, year in and year out. Having assured himself that his wife was really asleep, Mr. Chang sat down by the little flickering lamp and began to read his new book. Thoughtfully and slowly he read, in order to take in the wonderful story. Not once did he look up, until a faint streak of dawn reminded him he must retire if he wished any peace for the next fortnight. A very much puzzled necromancer arose that morning pondering over the follies of foreigners in general and this one in particular; to have perfectly good magic at one's command, and fail to make a profit from it was worse than foolish-it was madness. Mrs. Chang, too, was very much disturbed by the foreigner's visit; surely he had bewitched her husband; loud was her lamenting over th~ wasted oil; the long day through she could talk and think of nothing else. But all day long the teacher did not hear her, for his thoughts were elsewhere, walking with his new-found Master through the fields of Galilee, and ever in his ears rang the words: "And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

on the Kongo*

BY CATHERINE C. MABIE, M.D., KIMPESE, KONGO BELGE Dr. Mabie is a niece of Rev. Henry C. Mabie, and one of the missionaries of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. She has recently returned to America on furlough, but sent from West Central Africa this very interesting description of medical work among the women of that region.

VE are having three days' respite fant mortality. Instructions as to its cause and possible prevention ought to from schoolroom duties following save many little lives. All expectant Easter. I had planned to spend them mothers coming to the dispensary are adas well as the week-end with a congenial vised to invest ten cents in a little sealed friend at ThysvilIe, three hours up the packet of antiseptic dressings for the line, but three of the students' wives cord and are told the danger of tetanus chose this particular week for birthday infection during baby's first week. They parties. A new baby every other day are also advised to find another ten cents down in the students' quarters excels all for a bottle of castor-oil. Practically all previous records, a girl and two boys! infant maladies occurring during the With great difficulty and after a full nursing period are attributed to mothhalf-hour with no sign of life, one of er's milk being bad, and so the mothers the boys' was finally induced to breathe. always want medicine for themselves The suscitation of the asphyxiated babe rather than for the sick infants. seemed a veritable miracle to the class of women students who were in attend- Yesterday a pear heathen woman ance. One or two were assisting me came, wanting medicine to improve the and I explained to all of them the meth- quality of her milk. She had had nine ods employed and reasons for their use, children, all of whom had died in inand tried to show them that when far fancy from one cause or another, chiefly away from a doctor in their towns, they malaria, pneumonia, and other diseases; themselves might follow the same meth- but she, poor thing, carried the double ods under like circumstances. One of sorrow of believing that she was responthe Banza Manteke women regaled them sible for their deaths! The sorrows of with stories of similar miracles per- heathen motherhood are multiplied and formed during my residence there. It grievous to bear. A man puts away his all seemed too marvelous to be true, wife because she bears him no children. but there was the baby, its little heart He puts her away because she has born thumping away! Appreciation of their him many children, all of whom have doctor has been rather keener than usual died in infancy. the last few days. Their ignorance concerning their own In our next physiology hour we shall bodies, concerning the cause and treatreview the case and its handling, and ment of the most common ailments, is I shall try further to impress upon their appalling. Their slowness in apprehendminds that no miracle was wrought. ing our teaching concerning these vital What happened was but the result of matters is discouraging. But they must the application of certain methods which be taught, and I know of no better opthey may attempt to use. Infant mor- portunity anywhere in Kongo than we tality from asphyxiation and other causes have here at Kimpese for imparting this is appalling in this country. Tetanus needful instruction. Our students are neonatorum is a common cause of m- picked men from all our own and the * From The Watchman-Examiner.

English Baptist stations in the Lower nomena of this kind are directly attrib- Kongo, and are in residence here with uted to spirit interference, never to their wives and children three years. natural or preventable causes. After Over and over and over again both the quieting their fears, I carefully explained men and the women are drilled in the the immediate cause of the convulsion structure and functions of the body. and predicted another unless the mother They are instructed as to the cause, followed my instructions as to feeding. course and possible treatment, in the ab- I knew well enough that she did not sence of a physician, of the more com- believe in my explanation. But after a mon diseases. Village hygiene, diseases dozen or more times of secretly giving due to drinking infected water, those the child solid food, after everyone of transmitted by insects, source of hook- which the dreaded symptoms reappeared, worm and other parasitic infections are it finally began to sink into the father's all discussed, and practical means of mind, if not the mother's, that possibly combating these evils are suggested. the food really had something to do with the symptoms, and so they began to co- In my judgment the time for the operate with me in the care of the child. Kongo trained nurse has not yet arrived. The mother told me one day that I was Single unattached women of twenty-five quite mistaken as to the cause of the years of age are almost as rare as ice- trouble; that it was in the child's eyes, bergs in Kongo. Most girls marry when and burning medicine should be introfrom sixteen to twenty years of age. If duced in the eyes and its. back should widowed they soon remarry. The state be burned. I t happened that this case of society is still too primitive for the developed while the men were studying entry of the native trained nurse as we nervous physiology and it served to demknow her in America, India or China. onstrate many points. As there is a I have come to the conclusion that the history of epilepsy in the mother's imteachers and their wives are the key to mediate family, the case may well be an the situation. The more intelligent they instructive one to watch during the rebecome, the more training we can give maining two years of its residence here. them in the care of the sick and in pre- All such practical excursions into the ventive measures, the better. Kimpese mysterious realms hitherto sacred to offers a unique opportunity for th.is sort spirits is one way of convincing these of training, which appeals to me as more people that back of every such phenompracticable than training classes for enon is a natural and often preventable nurses. The Kimpese men will be the cause and not an evil, vengeful spirit. leaders in the districts to which they re- I often think that instruction in physiolturn. If they and their wives can min- ogy and allied subjects may be even more ister to the physical needs of their peo- potent than Biblical exposition in freein6 ple it is easily conceivable that they them from the fear and domination of may more readily gain their interest spiritism, their evil heritage from countin spiritual matters. In the good times less generations of fetish worshipers. that are coming the trained nurse will The healing of the sick is but a part of doubtless follow in their train. But for a medical missionary's duty in lands of the present I prefer to expend my ignorance and superstition. energy in training the former, and intend to do more and more along this The months while school is not in sesline. sion here are the busiest months in the medical department. I have quite as Not only class room but clinical in- large a dispensary practise here as I had struction extending through several years, at Banza Manteke, and so I usually find it may be, is possible here. A case in it difficult to get away from the station point is that of the two-year-old child for any length of time. I would like of one of the 'new students. A couple also to get my physiology lectures into of months ago it had an epileptoid seiz- text-book form and mimeograph them for ure due to improper feeding following next session's use. an acute attack of dysentery. All phe-

Woman's Federation

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS THE EXECUTIVE COMMlTIEE OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA President-MRs. W,LL,AM A. MONTGOMERY, 110 Harvard St., Rochester, N. Y. Vice-President-Mlss MARGARET HODGE, 319 So.•pst St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary-MRs. WILLIAM H. FARMER, 8 Draper Terrace, Montclair, N. J.

TreaJurer-M,ss O. H. LAWRENCE, 25 East 22nd St., N. Y.

CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES Methods of Work-MRS. ANNE R. ATWATER, College of Missions Buildings, Indianapolis, Ind. Summer Schools and Conferences-MRs. CHARLOTTE E. VICKERS, 3 [2 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, III. Student Work-MRS. H. R. STEELE, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. Publications and Literature-MRs. HENRY W. PEABODY, Beverly, Mass. Christian Literature for Women and Children of Mission Lands-MIss ALICE KYLE, Congregational House, Boston, Mass. Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-MRS. WM. FRAZER McDoWELL, J509[ 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

TTbe "Bulletin" and "TIle Re-vie,,'" church. To circulate such a magazine HE BULLETIN of the Federation of as this among the men and women of Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- our churches is one of the most valuable aids to missionary interests. sions becomes, with this issue, a part of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Some of our missionaries out on the W ORLp. We hope, by this change, to firing line would enjoy a subscription to gain in two ways. Women who read THE REVIEW more than anything you THE REVIEW will learn about the ac- could send them. Have you heard how tivities of the Federation of Women's the soldiers in the trenches wait eagerly Boards, and the rapidly growing inter- for newspapers and letters telling of the denominational work for women in victories in other parts of the battlemany foreign fields. field? Nothing strengthens and heart- ens the lonely missionary stations in Those who have read the BULLETIN Asia and Africa like news from those will now have an opportunity to come who, like themselves, are separated from in touch with the broader field and the great army. They need the inspirawider interests represented in THE RE- tion and strength that will come through VIEW each month. There are Christian the pages of THE REVIEW. They will women of such limited vision that they thank you twelve times a year if you read no missionary periodical at all, and will give them this proof of your care so know nothing of the great world for them. movements of the Church of God. Others have gained some knowledge If the members of your Missionary from their own denominational maga- Society will contribute five or ten' cents zines. Still others long to know of the each, you could send one subscription victories of the whole army of God and to the missionary and give one to your eagerly seek such material as THE RE- own pastor. His missionary sermons VIEW offers. would take on a new flavor with the in- spiration of THE REVIEW. It has al- What could be better this year than ready proved invaluable to many. a subscription for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD as a Christmas Miss Leavis, whom many of the present to each of our Women's Mis- women have learned to know through sionary Societies? Anyone of us can her association with the Central Comearn a copy by securing; a club in our mittee on the United Study of Foreign

Missions, has a capital plan in her "Two The present membership of this com- Bird Club." She will tell you how to mittee is: Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, secure THE REVIEW without any expense, if you will write to her at West Chairman; Miss E. Harriet Stanwood, Medford, Mass. l1rs. Decatur M. Sawyer, Mrs. Frank This month we bring you an intro- Mason North, Mrs. James A. Vebb, duction to the Federation with its manv J r., Mrs. A. V. Pohlman, Miss Olivia interesting lines of work. Next month H. Lawrence, and Miss Grace T. CoLother activities will be presented, show- burn, Secretary and Treasurer. ing the work of various committees affiliated with the Federation. For ten years the Macmillan Com- pany published the text-books. The Com- 'rbe l:llite(l Stully of Foreis'u lllissions mittee then took the publishing business into its own hands. It has also issued THE organization of the Central Junior text-books for ten years and a Committee on the United Study of large amount of supplementary material, maps, pictures, programs, cl~arts, and Foreign Missions preceded by twelve leaflets. The work of the Committee is years that of the Federation of Wom- done in its office in Vest Medford, en's Boards of Foreign lV1issions. The Mass., where Miss M. H. Leavis has Committee came into being the year of been a most valuable helper and manthe Ecumenical Council, 1900, through ager for the past seven years. The sale the thought and plan of Miss Abbie B. of books during the sixteen years has Child. Miss Child, who was a member amounted to approximately a million of the World Committee, secured a place and a quarter. for the discussion of the topic of united study on the program of one of the The plan of Summer Schools for 'omen's meetings of the Ecumenical Woman's ~Iissionary Societies was in- Council in New York. There it met troduced by the Central Committee in with cordial approval. Later a commit- the year 1904. The first experiment tee was formed with five members who was made at Northfield. There are "now were appointed as representatives of as some thirtv such schools, each under its many of the leading Women's Boards own comn;ittce, doing effective work in of :Missions. various parts of the country.

The members on this first committee The Voman's Foreign Mission Jubiwere: Chairman, Miss Abbie B. Child; lee was also inaugurated by the Central Committee, which furnished the neces- :1rs. J. T. Gracey, of the Methodist sary machinery and organization for such a movement. At the close of the Church; ~1rs. Twing, of the Protestant Jubilee in 19I1 the Committee requested Episcopal Church; Miss Ellen Parsons, that a larger and more representative of th~ Preshyterian Board: and l1 rs, organization be formed and that this N. M. Waterbury (now Mr>. H. W. Committee confine its attention for the Peabody), of the Baptist Board; Miss future to publishing books, the purpose Clementina Butler acted as secretary for which it was organized. A plan of and treasurer. Later two other boards federation ,vas drawn up and put in appointed members, the Lutheran and operation in 1912. In January, I9I5, Dutch Reformed, thus covering seven of the plans were modified and improved the great denominational divisions of the and the Federation now has under its Church. The members appointed by general direction various lines of work, these boards were: 11rs. A. V. Pohlman, vhich are presented in this issue. of the Lutheran Board, and Miss Olivia H. Lawrence, of the Dutch Reformed.

WOMEN'S FEDERATIO)J

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR. OTHER WOMEN AND CHILDREN BY MISS ALICE M. KYLE, CHAIRMAN, BOSTON, MASS.

THE Committee on Christian Litera- In addition to the work in China, ture for Oriental Women and Chil- small grants have been made to Mrs. Motte Martin, a missionary in Africa dren has been lengthening cords and of the Southern Presbyterian Board, to strengthening stakes during 1916 and enable her to realize a long-cherished laying plans for a forward movement dream and to translate some simple during the coming year. It is almost stories of child life for the little folks of overwhelming to face the opportunities the Belgian Congo, and $50 has also· in the foreign field and to attempt to been sent to Rev. A. C. Clayton, of meet the needs of the women and chil- Madras, India, to aid in publishing textdren of all non-Christian lands for pure books for the Tamil-speaking women in and wholesome reading. Especially is that district. this true in Japan, where even Christian women are tempted to read salacious The budget of the Committee for stories, translated from the lowest class 1916 was $1,500, and this sum has been of French novels. received and slightly exceeded during the fiscal year. In addition to the regular The work which the Committee ini- budget, a sum has been received and fortiated in 1914 has been carried on vig- warded for the splendid work of Miss orously and with success. Happy Child- Laura M. White in Shanghai, China, hood, the magazine for Chinese children, and has been used by her for various published in Shanghai and edited by books and pamphlets which are far- Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, has now a reaching in their influence. monthly edition of over 3,000 and the subscription list is still growing. This The plans of the Committee have been little illustrated pamphlet of about six- correlated with the great movement in teen pages goes out into almost every behalf of Christian Literature on the province of China and into Chinese Mission Field, in charge of the Amerihomes in Burmah and even in America. can Section of the Christian Literature During the past year this young but Commission of the Edinburgh Confergrowing child of the Committee has de- ence, and Mrs. Henry W. Peabody and veloped so many needs that the editor, Miss Alice M. Kyle have been asked to who serves without compensation, has share in its deputation work and to arbeen compelled to employ a Chinese stu- range for a meeting of the Woman's dent as helper, and a part of the salary Boards having headquarters in Chicago, of this young woman has been paid by in order that this important branch of the Committee. This is putting into the missionary work may be presented to practice the thought which was early in the women of that city. the minds of those who planned this interdenominational organization – that The Christian Literature Society for young women should be trained to de- Japan, having in charge the movement vote themselves to the preparation of in that country, has been asked to apbooks and magazines for their own peo- point three women on its Committee ple, and that the expenses of such a plan in order that the plans made by the should be met by the budget for Chris- Woman's Committee in the United tian Literature provided by the Wom- States may be in line with its larger an's Boards of Foreign Missions of the undertakings. The same is true in In- United States. At present the funds dia, where the Committee for Christian are not sufficient to do more than make Literature for India has been approached this modest beginning in Shanghai of and where as soon as practicable steps meeting part of the salary of Mrs. Mac- will be taken to start a magazine for Gillivray's helper. students in that vas't country, possibly at first with syndicated material prepared

in English :lI1ct reproduced in the ver- Bulletins giving further details of this naculars by the various mission presses work may be obtaine(t for free distribuaccording to their desire and oppartunity. tion from M. H. Lcavis, West l1edford, lVlass., or fram the headquarters of the Nor is the crying need of South various Woman's Boards of Foreign America and her Spanish-speaking neigh- Missions, also from the office of the bors lost sight of. The Woman's Com- Foreign Missions Boards of North mittee necessarily moves slowly because America, 2S Madison Avenue, New of inadequate funds for the tremendous York. Sample copies of Happy Childcall which it is facing, to give to sister hood will he sent on application to the women, to mothers and to children, the chairman. printed page in something of the abundance and helpfulness which is true in We would urge all Christian women our Christian homes. of whatever communion to remember this appealing and urgent cause and to During the year books and magazines assist by their gifts and their prayers in in English have been sent to mission- preparing and distributing helpful readaries through the agency of the Book ing matter to those Christian women and Periodical Club, a branch of the who are shut in by the customs and work assumed by the Woman's Com- prejudices of their own national life and whO' are calling to us, their highly famittee, now in charge of Miss Lila V. vored sisters, for instruction, far uplift- ing and for joy-bringing influences. North, Bradford Academy, Bradford, Mass., whO' is alsO' the treaSUler of the Committee.

SUMMER SCHOOLS AND CONFERENCES BY CHARLOTTE E. VICKERS SO remarkable has been the grawth af pared to become leaders, teachers and the Mission Study Movement since lecturers alang missionary lines.

that memorable accasian when, in big- There has been a constantly increas- ness af faith, the missianary wamen put ing demand all over the cauntry for in- forth the first mission study text-baok, formatian regarding those who are "Via Christi," following the Ecumenical equipped to dO' this wark. TO' abtain Cauncil held in New York in 1900, that the names of thooe fitted to' supply the it is with difficulty we realize that there demand, over thirty National Mission- ever was a time when we attempted to ary Boards have been cammunicated dO' the work af arousing an indifferent with and a number af responses have and lethargic Church withaut the aid af been received. From eleven denamina- the missianary text-baok, summer school, tions forty-six names af women who can narmal class and lecturer. Truly God qualify have been registered. As soon is encouraging the wamen thraugh past as possible after the annual meeting in successes to' "expect great things from January, 1917, "The Federation of Him and to' attempt great things for Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of Him." North America" will publish a leaflet Missionary education has made great giving all thi, information.

progress, women have seen a visian, and have made that visian practical in a IIuportant Notice thausand ways, and have pressed for- WILL leaders of Summer Schoals af ward to new endeavor, urged by the Missions and Conferences kindly unlimited possibilities in the future. send programs, registrations (by States Preparation for service-"prepared- and denominations), and any ather infor- ness," if you will-is the demand of the mation that would be of special interest, women of to-day. Summer Schools, and, if passible, dates for halding the Winter Institutes and Extension Confer- 1917 sessians, to' CHARLOTTE E. VICK- ences are supplying that need to a large ERS, Chairman, 312 N. Elmwood Ave- extent, and women are thus being pre- nue, Oak Park, Illinais.

®.. BEST

DUU. . . ~::::.'=.~.::.::.':.."".DUU.".@ MISSIONARY METHODS IN YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETIES BY R. P. ANDERSON, 31 MT. VERNON STREET, BOSTON Associate Editor of The Christian Endeavor World.

TWENTY years ago or marc a great the answer will in many cases be given, soap manufacturing firm ir. England "Here am I, send me."

decided to cut down its advertising. We propose to outline some plans that The firm's name was a household word, have been tried, with good effect, in vaand the manager believed that, advertis- rious lines of missionary work in young ing or no advertising, the sales would people's societies. maintain their high level. The Prayer Plan The advertising was curtailed and the sales immediately began to drop. At The Master Himself tells us to "pray the end of a year the firm was adver- the Lord of the harvest that He will tising more than ever, engaged in the send forth laborers into His harvest," rather stiff job of trying to regain lost and Paul, himself a missionary, contrade. To sell soap they had to "talk stantly calls for the prayers of the soap." Church for himself and his work. Some societies use a missionary calendar, giv- It is the same in the Kingdom of ing the name of definite missionaries or God. If the ChUlch were suddenly to definite fields for daily or weekly stop talking about missions (alas! how prayer. Usually a week is given to a many churches have already stopped, or field, the names of special missionaries have never begun!) missionary interest being added, and a calendar covering would die in a few years, except in the three or even six months prepared. Unhearts of an awakened few. People are less, however, vivid oral information is not born with missionary interest. Most also given relative to fields and missionpeople do not even seek it. Such inter- aries, the calendar is not likely to be of est must be thrust upon them. much use. Each week the calendar ought to be supplemented by a four or The time t.J begin to talk missions is five minutes' talk by one of the memin the springtime of life. If the thoughts bers, who will give some simple facts of the young people ot our churches can about the missionaries for whom prayer be turned upon evangelizing the world, is to be offered during the following we shall train up a generation of mis- week. To make sure that this is done, sionary-minded men and women who it is essential to have a missionary inwill give not only their substance but formation committee, whose duty it is to also themselves to Christ's cause in other see that these talks are given and that lands. the society is kept informed. Leave no loose ends. Ask the members to pr::y Already work done among young peo- for definite persons and things. The ple has borne rich fruit. Many a mis- missionary boards are glad to supply masionary now on the field caught the first terial for such talks, and the MISSIONvision of his life-work in the young peo- ARy REVIEW OF THE WORLD contains ple's society. Youth is the time of just the kind of information that IS vision. It is the ideal time for enlist- helpful. ment. The life-plans of the great majority of the members of societies are I nformation by Reading not yet crystallized. These young folks, more often than we imagine, are asking Some societies have stimulated interthemselves: What shall we do with our est by a reading contest between two lives? If Christ's call, "Whcm shall I send?" can be brought home to them,

sides, the members reading and outlining to them. They want to pit their in the meeting some missionary hooks. strength against others, to test their Where a scheme of this kind seems in- knowledge and ability. It is a part of advisable, a serial missionary biography their very life. Ve may use this tenmay be introduced. One of the mem- dency and consecrate it to the service of bers who has the gift of narration reads the Kingdom. some great, stirring missionary book at home and tells the story, chapter by The Model Missionary Meeting chapter, one chapter a night, in the society. Many young people imagine that Some societies, inspired with missiona missionary book is dull reading until ary enthusiasm, have formed flying they either read or hear read the life- squadrons to visit other societies and story of a great missionary. Perhaps one present to them model missionary meetof the greatest missionary books that ings. The size of the squadrons dehas been published in recent years is pends on the number of members that a "Mary Slessor of Calabar," by W. P. society can spare, say, once a month, but Livingstone (New York; Hodder and five or six is the usual number. One Stoughton), a volume that will forever effective method of carrying on this dispel the notion that missions and mis- squadron work was developed in Boston. sionary work are vapid and colorless. The particular squadron I have in mind The story of this woman's amazing life, believed that it could better hold the inor the story of almost any great mission- terest of the society it was visiting if it ary's life, will stir the imagination, set modified the idea of giving a model misthe heart on fire and create the desire sionary meeting by getting the members for more knowledge of a tremendously of the society to take some part. This interesting field. There can be no in- was done in the following way. The spiration in any line without informa- squadron leader prepared some question. Ten or fifteen minutes given in tions to which the replies could be given each meeting, for a time, to missionary in numbers. These numbers were writbiography will work wonders in any so- ten on cards, and the cards were disciety. A brief quiz should be held at tributed among the members of the soeach meeting on that part of the story cieties visited. Other questions were told the preceding evening. prepared, the answers to which called for a brief statement, and cards with Classes in Competition such statements were also handed around. The squadron leader introduced Mr. A. LaVerne Spafford, of Grand the subject, explaining that questions Rapids, Mich., tells us of a society in would be asked to which answers were Kalamazoo, Mich., which organized one supplied on the cards, and urging each mission-study class for boys and two one caref.ully to watch and supply the classes for girls. There were fifteen answer when he believed he had it on members in the boys' class and ten in his card. The leader put questions to each of the two classes for girls. The the other members of the squadron, who classes were conducted along the usual replied to. the questions and gave each lines, but they had the stimulus of com- a short talk. Everybody was kept on petition as to the amount of knowledge the lookout, when a question was assimilated. The effect was seen in an asked, to see if his or her card gave the entirely new interest in missions in that correct answer. Some amusing mistakes society, and a larger sum was raised for were made, which served to increase the missions that year than the society had interest. The method was simple, and ever raised before. An interesting it proved both popular and practical. feature of such a scheme would be a public quiz, or missionary spelling-bee, on Missionary Standards the subject studied by the classes. We are dealing with young people at an age The young people's society will find when the contest idea appeals strongly its work greatly facilitated if, at the be- ginning of the working year, it adopts

METHODS

a definite standard for its effort. Much 2. At least twelve missionary meetof our work falls short of its full possibility because the aim is too general. ings in the year. Young people take heartily to specific 3. A missionary reading-circle or a tasks, the more definite the better, and they eagerly try to follow whatever reading-contest. definite plans are suggested to carry their 4- Provision for missionary contrihutasks to completion. Many State Christian Endeavor Unions, alive to this fact, tions in the society's budget of expenses. taught by long experience, outline a se- 5. Seventy-five per cent of the active ries of standards, year by. year, for their members to follow. members enrolled as systematic givers To illustrate: the Illinois Union has to missions. issued a series of graded policies for so- 6. Annual contributions to each of cieties in the State. The first policy suggests a minimum of work that any our denominational boards, direct or missionary committee should be willing through the church treasurer. to put through. Many societies will start with the second, or even the third 7. One mission-study class at least. policy; but the idea is to have all socie- 8. The use of group-impersonations in ties make a definite beginning, those using the first policy this year to pass on at least two of the missionary meetings. to the second next year, and so on to 9. Conduct some form of missionary the third. The policies follow: work in our community, as opportunitv offers.

10. The introduction of missionary- education material into all meetings when possible.

II. A yearly canvass of the church for subscriptions to the denominational papers, missionary magazines, and The Christian Endeavor World.

12. Systematic training in Christian stewardship and tithing.

13. The enrolment of an informal prayer band, the members of which agree to pray daily for missions.

POLICY NO. I Missionary work in young people's so- cieties cannot be made interesting or suc- Trusting in the Lord Jesus Christ for cessful unless brains and time are put strength 'Loe, the members of the mis- into the plans. These standards are sug- sionary committee, agree to attempt to gestions. They may be altered in any carry out the following plans during way a society chooses. The great thing our term: is to have definite standards, a clear and visible goal, and then make for it with I. An organized committee of at least might and main. five members, to each of whom definite duties are assigned. A Missionary Bookmark 2. At least six missionary meetings a A missionary bookmark is simply a re- year. minder. It may also be used as a mis- sionary calendar. On one side may be 3. A missionary reading-circle or a printed the names of the missionaries for reading-contest. whom prayer is desired, and the dates given to each missionary.. On the other 4. Seventy-five per cent of the active side may be printed missionary texts or members enrolled as systematic givers great missionary sayings, or the dates to missions. and subjects of the society's missionary meetings. 5. Annual contributions to each of our denominational boards, direct or through Tithing Week for Missions the church treasurer. The ideal way to secure funds for POLICY NO.2 missionary work, and, indeed, for all church work, is to train church members This is the same as the first policy, to give to God one-tenth of their inwith the addition of the following come, the sacred tenth, and to use dupoints: plex envelopes in which to place their weekly gifts. No large number of young 6. At least one mission-study class. 7. The use of group-impersonations in at least two missionary meetings. 8. Conduct some missionary work in our community, if opportunity offers.

POLICY NO.3 I. An organized committee of at least five members, at least two of whom have served on the previous committee, defi- nite duties to be assigned to each.

people will undertake to give tithes to "1 A4i.l'.I'iOll Trust Company the Lord without a very careful and persistent campaign of education. Lit- A young people's society in Galesville, erature must be secured and distributed Wis., hit upon the idea of a mission trust every two weeks or so for a period of company. Miss Ella D. Kneeland, the not less than six months.* The sub- missionary chairman at the time, issued ject must be talked up enthusiastically, shares like the following: and the blessing of tithing shown. The society, a majority of whose members No …….. Shares . …. , .. gives tithes, will never have trouble about raising missionary or any other "Go YE ,INTO ALL THE WORLD" money. This certifies that ……………… . A step in the direction of tithing may is the owner of. ~ …… shares of capibe taken by having a tithing week for tal stock of miSSiOns. This plan was tried in the South, where the Endeavorers all over THE GALESVILLE CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR the southern States set apart the week of May 22-28 as tithing week for this MISSION TRusr COMPANY purpose. The money went into the society's treasury and was paid, not to Shares twenty-five cents each Christian Endeavor, but to the various denominational missionary boards. The Nearly every member bought one advertising was done through the local share and some took four shares. The paper, The Dixie Endeavorer, leaflets plan was adopted to help to pay a pledge explaining the plan were sent out, and to missions, and it brought in more than also special envelopes for the gifts. was needed. It may be added that the Printed on these envelopes was this mes- missionary committee invited all the sage: stockholders of the company to a party at the home of one of the members, c. E. TITHING WEEK FOR MISSIONS-MAY where a fine social time was spent. 22-28, 1916 Macedonian Call I will give at least one-tenth of my income for the week of May 22-28 to During a great gathering of young the missionary work of my denomina- people in Chicago last fall one of the tion through the Christian Endeavor periods given to missionary instruction treasurer. was entitled "Macedonian Calls for Life-Work Recruits." This Life-Work I have no regular income but I will Recruit movement originated, we believe, earn as much as I can during the week among Endeavorers in Ohio. Believing of May 22-28, to be given to the mis- that many young people were ready to sionarv work of my denomination promise the Master of men that they through the Christian Endeavor treas- would shape their studies and their lives urer. so that, if He called them, they would be ready to obey the summons and de- Sign tbis and return it to treasurer of vote their full time to His work at home your society who will make a record of or abroad, some of the leaders, a few it and return the envelope to you to en- years ago, printed a Life-Work Recruit close your offering on May 28. pledge which has won large acceptance in Endeavor circles. The idea has * Leallets and tithing literature may be spread all over the States and is now an important feature of Christian Endeavor secured from "Layman," 143 N. Wabash work. The card is given by the Min- Avenue, Chicago, III. A self-addressed nesota Christian Endeavor Union to envelope to him will bring full informa- Recruits to sign and keep. The pledge tion. See also leallet by Robert E. Speer reads: from the December, 1916, REVIEW (1 cent each).

"Feeling myself called by the Holy gram awaits the young people-Korea, perhaps, this time. The customs of the Spirit, and trusting in tlte Lord Jeslls country are shown or described, and Ko- Christ for strength, I promi.'e Him thai reans in costume are ready to give facts about their native land. Solos and reci- I 'will from this day strive to shape the tations are, of course, in order. plans of my life so that I may give my- self wholly to the service of Christ and the Church."

Thousands of young people have al- So country after country is visited, ready signed these pledges. Some of the each one in a different house, and the young folks are now on the foreign evening winds up with a social time at field; some are in home mission work; the last house. The plan may be carothers are in training. In the Chicago ried out in a single church, using differmeeting, referred to above, the "calls" ent rooms for the different countries.

were brought to the gathering by the Ii Missionary Slogan pastor's assistant of a large city church, a worker from a slum district, a home This missionary slogan was entirely missionary, a Japanese student converted home-made. In the original the large to Christianity by foreign missions iLl letters were stencilled, white on black Japan, and a busy Chicago pastor. A ground, and the small letters were Life-Work Recruit meeting in a society printed with a broad-pointed pen. Noshould form the climax of a period of tice the motto at the bottom. This is educational mission study. Information one that has stirred the hearts of many first! Who knows but Livingstones and young people to larger endeavor. Moffatts and Hudson Taylors are waiting for just such a call?

The Peripatetic Missionary Meeting C. E. MISSIONARY SLOGAN The peripatetic missionary meeting should be advertised as a personally con- For the Year ducted tour around the world. $60 After a happy sing at the place of FOR MISSIONS meeting, usually the church, the company is told that it is to be taken to a Will you do your share? strange land, the name of which each We can do it if we w;ll. one must guess when he or she gets We must do it if we can. there. The young people set forth, fol- lowing the leader, and, preferably, Ii Mammoth Thermometer marching in twos or threes. The first stop is made at the home of a member, Mr. John Sorenson, of Council or, it may be, at some other church, Bluffs, Iowa, tells how the Second Preswhere a room has been decorated to rep- resent a certain country, say China. byterian Society of that city constructed The kow-towing attendants are in cos- a mammoth thermometer for the collectume, and pictures of the country are on tion of money for missions. walls and tables. The pictures may be taken from magazines. Curios are also A piece of smooth lumber, one inch displayed. The host or hostess, or both, thick and ten feet six inches long, was give some facts about China, its mis- secured. The top was rounded off to give it the appearance of a thermome- sions, its needs, call attention to the ter, and a long, rounded groove, one- curios and pictures, explaining them. half inch deep, was cut nearly the whole One or two hymns may be sung and re- length of the wood. freshments served-but that will depend Then some glass tubes were securedon local conditions or the program at steam-gauges were used-twelve or places of call later on. more inches in length. These tubes The company again sets forth to visit were placed in the groove and fixed in another country, where a similar pro- position by small bands of brass, one-

quarter inch broad, laid over the joints who arc perfectly contrnt with the be- of the tubes and fa3tcned (0 the board by lids they already have. This is the tacks. rathcr shallow view 0ppollcnts of mis- sions often express. A study of missions, If tubes cannot be procured, get a however, shows that enormously more long strip of galvanized iron cut the important issues are involved. Chicago length of the groove and wide enough Endeavorers recently organized 193 to go around a one-half inch water-pipe, mission-study classes. Among the leaving an open space of about one- printed matter advertising these classes eighth of an inch all the way up. The the following six replies to the ques- galvanized iron may be hammered into tion, "What was the chief gain you deshape, around the pipe, with a wooden rived from the study of missions?" were mallet. Place this galvanized iron tube used. Here are the answers: ' in the groove instead of the glass tubes, and leave the opening outward so that I. A clearer realization of the probyou may be able to see the pennies, nickels lems confronting the world. or dimes that are put into the tube. 2. A larger idea at what the Chris- Pile fifty coins on top of one another tian life means. and measure carefully the space they occupy. Now mark the thermometer at 3. A wider knowledge of economic intervals of fifty coins. The figures and social conditions. may be burned into the wood with a pyrographic outfit. 4. A new idea of the glory of a life spent in leading others to a knowledge For the mercury bulb at the bottom of Jesus Christ. get a three-inch wooden ball and saw it in two. Bore a hole through the ther- 5. A realization of the superiority mometer at the place where the bulb is of the Christian religion. to be fixed and fasten the one-half of the bulb to the thermometer by means 6. A realization of unlimited opporof a screw from the back, so that the tunity in missions as a life-work. bulb may be removed when you want to take out the money. These suggest topics that any society may work up in preparing for mission- The young people endeavor to fill the study classes, or in trying to arouse intube with the coins, which are put in at terest in the larger aspects of missions. the top. They will turn over and lie flat when they reach the bottom, and Finally the figures on the thermometer indicate the amount collected. The young people's society forms one of the finest fields for the church's mis- Such a thermometer can be used many sionary educational efforts. It is a field times. It has the advantage of being often neglected in the local church. If easily adapted to the needs of a contest. there is in the church a man or woman and can be loaned to the Sunday School whose heart is afire for missions, the or to other societies. Two tubes may thing to do is to get into touch with the be placed on the thermometer instead of missionary committee of the young peoone, and two sides can try to fill each ple's society. If its members have ideas, its own tube. The thermometer may help the young people to work them out. be made a permanent affair in a society Help by suggestion and kindly advice, and used to collect any odd missionary not by dictation or by doing the work. pennies the members may have with If the young people have no ideas, sug- gest things to them. Show them how to them. make meetings interesting. Coach them. Pray with them and for them. And Why Study Missions? work with them. One successful mis- sionary meeting will make them eager Until one has made a study of mIs- fo,r more. Confidence will rise, and insions one may have the idea that mis- terest with confidence, until the whole sions concern themselves merely with society catches the vision of winning the changing the religious views of people world for Jesus Christ.

fROM MANY 1ANDS

~(JR'l'H A1UERICA tirely by the wishes of the community residents in each case. The Growth of Christian Endeavor Chicago Y. M. C. A. Missions TIfE United Society of Christian En- deavor gives new evidence of grow- FIVE years ago the total foreign mis- sionary budget of the Chicago ing strength in many directions. During the past twelve months nearly 3,500 Young Men's Christian Association was new societies have been formed. The $4,000. This was devoted to the suptwo-year campaign for 10,000 new socie- port of two secretaries in Hongkong ties and a million new members not only and to a few scattering enterprises. Last for the societies but for the churches year the total gifts from the Association will probably be successful. . . . and its friends for the foreign work and the army work in Europe reached the The reports from the South are espe- splendid total of $89,81I.50. This is cially encouraging. In this field, which larger than the total cost of the conduct heretofore has been backward in Chris- of the city Association. In other words, tian Endeavor, over 700 new societies the time has come in the Chicago Y ollng have been formed within the year in Men's Christian Association when the white churches. budget for benevolence is greater than for current expenses. With these re- A Sunday Sehoul Centennial sources the salaries of thirteen secretaries are paid and four others are partially THE American Sunday School Union supported. is preparing to celebrate its one hun- A Chicago editor, commenting on dredth anniversary next year. this, says: "We do not know of any At present it has over 230 active mis- other foreign missionary program that has been carried out within the last five sionaries at work in the United States, years with such astonishing gain In their object being to establish and equip financial resources and effi.ciency of Sunday Schools in communities which equipment." are without religious development. These schools are founded on union The Battle Creeli: Conferences principles, under which the people of each community are brought together in UNDER the presidency of Dr. James common worship. L. Barton, Secretary of the Ame;'i- The work is very frequently in unde- can Board, and at the generous invitaveloped sections of the country, difficult tion of Dr. J. H. Kellogg and the Battle of access, and many of them, especially Creek Sanitarium, the Eighth Annual in the earlier days, have experienced Medical Missionary Conference, held at hardships of almost every conceivable Battle Creek. Mich., from November kind. 29 to December 30, was a noteworthy occasion. The program was made up of During the past year nearly fifteen unusually strong speakers from prachundred new Sunday Schools have been tically every mission board and all the organized, into which over seven thou- mission fields. The motion pictures each sand teachers and over sixty-eight thou- evening by Rev. Sumner R: Vinton were sand scholars have been gathered. The remarkable, and the addresses by missociety's representatives also visited and sionaries, medical and clerical, were very rendered aid to 14,753 schools. instructive. About one hundred and sixty delegates registered, and there were, The American Sunday School Union besides, many distinguished visitors. Ilis undenominational. Its board of mana- luminating addresses were given by Dr. gers consists of laymen, representing John F. Goucher on "The Coming of seven different denominations. A large percentage of the Sunday Schools organized later develop into denominational churches, all of which is governed en-

the Kingdom," by Dr. James L. Barton spend the next year. Probably this is on "The Disintegration of Islam," by the only missionary society in the world Rev. W. R. Stewart on "Christian Stu- to adopt this plan. Hitherto large supdent Movement in China," by Rev. Jo- porters of the society have been Roman seph Clark on "Progress in Africa," and Catholics in France, Germany and Aus- tria. N ow Roman Catholics of A]nerby Dr. J. H. Franklin on the "Spiritual ica are called upon to assume a burden previously divided among older Roman Side of Medical Missions." The Con- Catholic peoples. American Roman ference would have been still more ef- Catholics gave last year some forty thoufected if there had been fewer addresses sand dollars more than ever before, and and more time for informal conference. made America's contribution more than a quarter of a million dollars. The arch- NeW' Records in Methodist Missions diocese of New York contributed $191,000, an amount almost equal to I N spite of disturbed conditions owing what France gives in normal times. to the European War, the total re- American contributors are singled out ceipts of the Board of Foreign Missions for specific mention in the report because of the Methodist Episcopal Church for of the notable growth of financial sup- 1916 were $1,933,256.31. This shows port given to missions in America within a total increase of $232,682.51 over the last century. 1915, which had held the record as a banner year. All Indian COlun1issioll IhO'g'ed This statement was made at the an- THOSE interested in the welfare of nual meeting of the Board, held in New the American Indian find in the York in the autumn. Figures were given for forty-three mission fields. This platform of the annual Lake Mohonk has been a record year, not only in the Conference on the Indian and Other amount of money raised, but in the num- Dependent Peoples the most adequate ber of workers sent out. The Board has summary of the Indian situation. The sent out ninety-four new missionaries in 1916 Conference made the following the past twelve months. Twenty-six constructive recommendation: have gone to India, twenty-five to China, fourteen each to Malaysia and South "A permanent, stable and developing America, four to Africa, three each to policy is essential. We therefore urge Japan, Burma and Mexico, and two to the creation of a non-partisan, independthe Philippines. ent commission, permanent in its charac- ter, which should make a careful exami- NeW' Buildings for Berea College nation of the mass of Indian legislation on our statute books and from it develop A T the last meeting of the trustees of an Indian law, general in its provisions, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky, comprehensive in its policy, forwardplans were discussed for new buildings looking in its purpose. Such law, when and a greater endowment for the college. enacted by Congress, should take the It was decided to create five departments, place of all existing legislation except each presenting its own type of educa- permanent treaties, and thereafter the tion, with a grouping of buildings to re- administration of this law and the applisemble that of an English university. cation of its principles to the varying con- The departments will be known as Col- ditions of the various tribes should be legiate, Vocational, Normal, Secondary, left by the Congress to the commission, and Foundation. The buidings are to be to which should be committed the entire of colonial architecture. It was also de- charge of the Indian service. We urge cided to establish chairs in forestry, rural this plan, not only to secure greater economics and rural education. economy and efficiency but also to pro- mote a consistent, continuing and devel- ROlDan Catholic Finances oping policy-a need recognized as of the utmost importance by all workers in A NOTABLE feature in the method by which the Roman Catholics conduct their missionary propaganda is that they collect one year the money they

FROM MANY LANDS

the Indian service. The ultimate object building of the Polytechnic Institute of of this policy should be to bring the pres- Porto Rico. ent abnormal condition of the Indian to an end as speedily as possible by the in- A Crowded School in Cuba corporation of the Indian in the general citizenship of the nation." FROM the Colegios Internacionales, Cristo, Cuba, comes an encouraging Russians In Canada report. The school has never been so T HERE are now about 100,000 Rus- full as at the present time. Already they sians in Canada. They have set- have 123 boarders, and many have had to tled chiefly in the west, though there are be turned away for lack of accommodaconsiderable colonies in eastern towns tions: President Routledge writes to the and cities. In the centers thev are usu- Baptist Home Mission Society, which ally laborers, working on th~ railways supports the school: "If we only had tbe or streets or in factories. In the rural $38,000 for the new buildings which you districts many of them till their own propose to give, we could fill those buildfarms, living, however, in villages, and ings almost at once. The work will clinging to the ways of the mother-coun- have to be undertaken at an early date try. There are Greek Orthodox or the opportunity will pass on and may churches and priests in these colonies. not return." From the beginning this Bishops, too, have been located in east- institution has had unusual success. The ern and western Canada. But, while college itself is of the grade of the Cuban the Greek ritual is diligently practised, provincial institutes. There is a preparalittle instruction in Bible truth is given tory department and also a normal deand the pure gospel is not proclaimed. partment, where teachers for primary The Canadian churches have done little schools receive their training, and a theofor these newcomers. The Baptists have logical department for the Baptist native a very few missionaries among them. preachers. When non-Protestant parents The Presbyterian Church confines itself are willing to pay as much as twenty-five to its mission in Winnipeg. dollars a month to send their boys and girls to Cristo College, surely the neces- 1,ATIN-A1UERICA sary room should be provided for them. The Christian atmosphere of the school Porto Rico Christian Students is fine, and each year sees numbers of its students, future leaders in Church and THE Polytechnic Institute in Porto State, brought to a knowledge of our Master as their personal Lord and Sa- Rico the past June had the distinc- vIOur. tion of graduating the first class of students from a Christian industrial insti- All Opportunity in Uruguay tution in the 400 years' history of the West Indies. Five boys and one girl I N Cerro, one of the suburbs of the composed the membership of this class. growing city of Montevideo, U ru- guay, and itself a community of about Students come to the school from all 12,000 people, an earnest Sunday School parts of the island and San Domingo, on worker, Miss Estella C. Long, has refoot, in ox carts, on horseback, in boats, cently been doing some remarkable work. on trains and in automobiles, and the When Miss Long went there, seven spirit of co-operation and service is so months ago, she found a Sunday School strong that rich and poor work side by of fifteen; to-day there are 170 in the side in the most menial or hardest man- Spanish Department and twenty in the uallabor. English Department. This Sunday School meets in her house, which has four There was an average of ninety-one rooms and two large enclosed patios. It students enrolled last year, and the in- begins at 3.30, but as early as 1 o'clock come from student labor-which goes the children gather at the door, and they into permanent improvement of the in- are all there long before the school starts. stitute-for the year ending August 31, 1916, was $4,904.20. This year 166 students are working as a unit in the up-

In Montevideo are located two of the The Pocket Testament Leag'ue at the great packing houses-Swift's and Morris Brothers. Over 2,000 of Swift's Front workmen have formed a club, with a night school, and Miss Long gives them pROBABLY no other agency is be- English lessons once a week. A class of ing more used of God among the sixty women and children come once a week for a sewing circle; two hundred soldiers of Europe than the Pocket Tesgirls and women from Swift's canning tament League. Through its instrumenfactory have asked what can be done for tality hundreds of thousands of men at them. Fifty boys and girls and yaung the front have accepted Christ. The men are gathered in the morning and League is a soul-winning, Bible reading evening classes. movement, which in the eight years since it was officially launched in Philadelphia 'J'HE BRITISH ISLES by Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman and Mr. War ArguJUents Against Aleollol Charles M. Alexander has spread around REPORTS come from England that the world. The pledge to carry a Bible the new Lloyd George Cabinet will or Testament and to read a chapter each day has been signed by over three million favor national prohibition as a war meas- members. ure. Not long ago there was presented to the British Government a petition Small khaki Pocket Testam~nts, issued eleven miles long, the burden of which by the Pocket Testament League, have was a prayer for the prohibition of tlie been sent to the military training camps liquor traffic during the war and for six of Europe as fast as the printing presses months thereafter. Every class of citi- could produce them. The result is exzens was represented, but workingmen emplified in the following incident: are said to be in the majority. Many soldiers and sailors put their names to the A few days after the Pocket Testarequest, and one sheet was entirely made ment League work began among the solup of army officers of high rank. A con- diers on Salisbury Plain, a Sergeant siderable proportion of the memorialists came to the workers and asked for "one are not total abstainers, but men who of the little Books." He said, "My feel that England in time of war cannot squad was the worst in the whole camp, afford to waste her vitality with alcohol. and I could not maintain discipline and Here are the arguments used for pro- was about to resign. This morning the hibition: men gathered round me after drill and said, 'Sergeant, don't we have better dis- I t hinders the army, delays munitions, cipline than we used to have?' I replied, keeps thousands of men from war work, 'Yes.' 'Do vou know what has done it?' makes good workmen second rate. carne from the men. Immediately they all pulled out the little Testaments, say- Hampers the navy, delays transports, ing, 'It's up to you, Sergeant, to join, places them at the mercy of submarines, too.' So I have come to sign up the slows down repairs and congests docks. Pocket Testament League Pledge."

Threatens the mercantile marine, ab- ."'- IJnite-tl Free Church of En~'lan«l? sorbing during the war between 60,000,- 000 and 70,000,000 cubic feet of space, T HE meeting of the joint committee, and retards building of ships. representing thirteen denominations, to consider proposals for a United Free Destroys food supplies; in twenty Church of England, was held recently months of war it consumed over 2,500,- at Mansfield College, Oxford, with 000 tons of food, with sugar enough to last the nation eighty days, and uses up Rev. J. H. Shakespeare presiding. Eighmore sugar than the army. ty-two members were present, and Wastes our financial strength; in the progress was made toward an ultimate first twenty months of the war our peo- working program. The committee which ple spent on alcohol 300,000,000 sterling. had in charge the basis of federation re- ported that it felt any federation of churches should admit communicants to communion at all free churches alike. It

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was also recommended that a federal from the appeals issued by the commitcouncil be created, "consisting of mem- tees which are seeking to raise funds for bers duly appointed by the assemblies or their relief: supreme courts" of the federating churches, and that this council should "Fourteen million Poles, including all have general advisory powers, together the children under seven years of age, with such executive and administrative have already been wiped out of existence. powers as the churches might give to it Five hundred thousand young Polish later. These suggestions were adopted girls have had their lives shattered by by the joint committee, and special com- the greatest tragedy that can come to a mittees were appointed on faith, consti- woman. More than 200 towns have tution, evangelization and the ministry. completely disappeared; 20,500 villages Another meeting will be held in the have been leveled to the ground; 1,600 spring to hear the reports of these four churches are in ruins. The loss in propcommittees, when the first-named body erty destroyed exceeds $11,000,000,000. will present a declaratory statement of The whole country is but a vast cemetery. the common faith of the evangelical free Money reaches Poland without delaychurches of England, and the committee by way of Switzerland. The embargo on constitution will outline a working concerns only foodstuffs and raw maagreement. terials."

A Sunday School Ca'lnpaign "Of the three hundred and seventy- five thousand Albanians made homeless THE London Sunday School Union during the work of devastation and con- is undertaking to raise $125,000, to quest carried on by Servia, Greece and l10nte'negro in 1913, 1914 and 1915, at be used in an aggressive campaign for least one hundred and fifty thousand have Sunday School development, to meet the died of starvation. The rest will die. crisis that has overtaken Europe, not only With them will die three or four hunin relation to the war, but in the decline in Sunday School attendance reported . dred thousand victims of the famine." from all denominations as having set in prior to the war. Of this amount, it is :Ualagasy Christians in Europe planned to use $25,000 for the extension of institute work to help the soldier I T is one of the unexpected results of boys on their return from the war; the war that French Christians $25,000 to develop the Continental Sun- should have an opportunity of seeing the day School work of the Union; $25 ,(XJo products of missionary work in Madafor extension of Sundav School teacher- gascar. training in India and China; $25,000 for aiding the weak schools of local Unions, A number of :Malagasy Christians and $25,000 for the extension of Junior have come to France as sharpshooters, or Departmental work, aiding isolated rural artisans, or employed in various branches district schools, assisting the Sunday of munition work, or as cattle drivers. School Union Children's Convalescent The Paris Missionary Society has been Homes, providing for teachers' training able to arrange that one of its missionand strengthening the general adminis- aries, M. Parisot, should be attached to trative funds of the Sunday School a Malagasy regiment as hospital orderly. Union. At Versailles and elsewhere, Protestant THE CONTINEN'r pastors have been greatly pleased to see Malagasy attending the services; and in AI,peals for Polalul antI Albania the military zone Protestant chaplains report a similar experience. One of THOSE who are familiar with the these, walking through the village where conditions in both Poland and Al- he is stationed, observed a colored man reading the Bible in a strange tongue to bania can apparently not find words to a group of fellow-countrymen; they describe the distressing plight of the peo- proved to be Malagasy drovers. Forty ple of both these countries. We quote of them attended service on Sunday, where they helped greatly in the singing.

A letter from a nurse in the French with the largest enrollment in its hiscamp at Salonika tells how a little group tory and a staff of instructors doing of Protestants, consisting of the pastor, vigorous work. four French soldiers, herself and another nurse, were cheered by the arrival of a Of the 290 girls in the college and hundred Malagasy, and by their ad- preparatory departments last year there mirable and hearty singing of hymns in were 63 Turks, 102 Armenians, 26 Bultheir own language. garians, 62 Greeks, and Russians, Per- sians, Italians, Albanians, Americans and AA. Cll.ristian Nurse in l-Ionastir Jews. Among the Turkish girls were LETTER from Miss Mary L. fourteen whose tuition is being paid by .i. Matthews, principal of the Girls' the Turkish Government and who are Boarding and High School in Monastir, expected to become teachers. Another gives an idea of the steadfastness in the Turkish student was a grand-daughter midst of changes which is characteristic of the late Kiamil Pasha, who was Grand of Christian missionaries. When Miss Vizier. Matthews reached Monastir, in September, 1915, she vas for a time in Serbian This year the enrollment has reached territory. Presently Bulgaria regained 400. Most of the girls, of course, live the city, and the missionaries received no in Constantinople, as conditions caused mail after October 18 until February 5· by the war make it almost impossible The school has not been interrupted to get into the city from outside. The at' all. college has succeeded in protecting the Armenian girls in its student body very lVliss Matthews writes: "Sister Hilda effectually, and in several cases, when (Miss Hawley), who is in Monastir, Armenian families were deported from came in the fall, while this city was still Constantinople last year, their daughters, in Serbia, and was given charge of the students in the college, were allowed to military hospital, the largest in the city. remaIn. What it meant for a young woman to go, as the only trilined nurse, into such The trustees of the college are seeka place and clean up the wards and the ing to raise $1,000,000 for additional patients until they were free from ver- equipment. min, can best be appreciated by one who saw the conditions before and afterward. NenT Ot,euing,s ill Asia Minor When the Bulgarians came, Sister Hilda withdrew, as she was not sure what the REV. ROB E R T STAPLETON new government would desire. But the sailed from America on November Bulgarian officials had heard of her efficient service, and gave her a cordial in- 9 to resume his work at Erzroom, which vitation and a welcome back to the hos- is now, with four other stations of the pital. She has been there for months, American Board in Eastern Turkey, unand has done a wonderful work. She is der the Russian flag. As practically the giving an object lesson in real Christian- entire Armenian population of Erzroom [ty which will not be forgotten." has been wiped out, Mr. Stapleton ex- pects to work for the Russians and JUOSLEM LANDS Turks. There are about 2Q,000 of the latter in the city and in great need for «on~tnntinoI,]e Colleg"c for Gi1'lH .food and clothing. These peasant Turks have been friendly all along, most of THE return to America of Dr. Mary them deprecating the brutality of their .Mills Patrick, President of the Con- government toward their Armenian neighbors, and now they are so tenderstantinople College for' Girls, has di- hearted toward our missionaries that it rected attention to what has been called should be possible to reach many of them "one of the miracles of the time," with the Gospel. President White, of namely, that the college could pursue its ::'vlarsovan, also reports that fully 80 per work during the wars of the last few cent. of the Turks of Anatolia are kindly years and come up to the present year disposed and deeply regret the Arme- nian atrocities. The bearing of this fact

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upon the future of the work in Turkey Rey. Alden H. Clark, of Ahmednagar, is highly significant. If the war should wTltes to the donor as follows: result in taking up work for the Moslems, it will be a return to the original "I must tell you of the inspiring way purpose of the missionaries when they in which this campaign has opened. A went out to Turkey in I8Ig. The doors village named Chikhale has often excited of opportunity are now swinging in that my interest and desire. Last Saturday direction. I 'learned from one of our Marathi pas- tors that some of the people were eager ""- Call from Persia to come out as Christians and that he had made an engagement for me to meet BISHOP STILEMAN, of the C. them. On the way the pastor told me ]Vi. S., who has been at work in many interestin!!: things about the Ma- hars of this village. There are twenty- Persia since 188g, writes: "We have five households containing over one been eagerly awaiting the signal to ad- hundred people and they appear far vance. The preparatory work has been more energetic and intelligent and far satisfactorily done in Ispahan, Kerman, less poverty stricken than most Mahars. Yezd and Shiraz. Our medical missions This whole community had urgently have prepared the way. They have begged the pastor to send them a Chrisseized and consolidated important strate- tian teacher. If we would only send gic positIOns. Prejudice against the re- one who could instruct them and their ligion of Christ has been, in great meas- children in Christian things they would ure, removed. Hearts have been soft- come out as Christians in a body." ened, homes have been won. Friends have been raised up everywhere. A new Bombay Wo:m.en Enlist era seems to have dawned. There is more religious liberty than ever before, FOR many years there have been anand doors are thrown widely open in all nual meetings in Bombay for Maradirections. A great demand for education has arisen, which at present can thi-speaking Indian Christian women. be met only by Christian teachers. How This year it was decided to use the opare we meeting the crisis? Alas! we portunity to bring before the women the have met it thus far by hauling down evangelistic forward movement, and to our colors and retiring from Shiraz, encourage them to take their share in it. which had been occupied and held at A series of addresses was given on "Our considerable sacrifice. In that city, sa- responsibility, as women, in respect to the cred to the memory of Henry Martyn, evangelistic forward movement." Spethere is no longer any Christian mission- cial emphasis was laid on the building arv. The Stuart Memorial College in up of personal spiritual life by means of lspahan is awaiting completion, and Bible study, prayer and praise, and by would have already been occupied had service for others. the necessary funds been available. Two new hospitals and the church in Ker- On the last day a hundred and eighman have their sites waiting for them, teen women enrolled themselves as but they cannot be erected until the members of small Bible Circles, to meet money is forthcoming." for weekly discussion on their daily private Bible study. Sixty-six promised INDIA, BUR1UA, CEYI,ON to pray daily for one or more individuals and to seek to win them for Christ. r.rbe F'iffy-If'ifty IJlan Twenty-eight promised to try to teach one woman to read her Bible, within a I T will be remembered that aNew year. The results ought to be far-reach- England business man last May gave ing and full of blessing for Bombay and $10,000 to put fifty native pastors and even beyond it. teachers in fifty hitherto un reached villages in India. The plan has been put oWJlat It Means to Close a School into operation in the Marathi and Ma- WING to the shortage of Indian dura Missions of the American Board, teachers, due to lack of funds, the and already the returns are coming in. missionaries in the Ellore district of the

Telugu Country have found it imprac- CHINA, MANCHURIA, MONGOLIA ticable to forge ahead as they would like to do. There is no lack of openings, Refuge in Mission CompoundM and several new centers have been oc- cupied. Rev. E. S. Tanner, of the IN the opinion of Mr. Burt, a mIS- Church Missionary Society, writes: sionary in China, the work of mis- "All our village schoolmasters are sions has been less retarded by the war also quasi-pastors; each being in charge than by the internal troubles. In Shan- of one or more congregations. He pre- tung looting had been rife, and life and pares the candidates for baptism and property very insecure. Bands of brigconfirmation, conducts the daily prayers ands were still roaming about-a state and the Sunday services, and gathers the of things very disadvantageous to the various church collections, often given work of evangelization, but not directly in kind. Not only is he the quasi-pastor, antagonistic to Christianity. In the rebut he is also the evangelist, and it is cent troubles in various provinces, the usually by his efforts that new village officials and the gentry sent their ladies congregations are formed. Government to take protection with the missionaries. pays roughly nearly half the teacher's sal- Whereas formerly the missionaries had ary; therefore to shut up a little village to take shelter in the official yamens, now school means to rob a congregation of the missionary compound was the safest their spiritual teacher, the village chil- place. Banks would remove their valdren of their education, the non-Chris- uables at dead of night to the missionary tians of their evangelist, the church hospitals. council of its financial support and the Society of the Government grant." Mr. Burt believes that the general outlook for missions was never brighter. The PrOSlJects ill Intlia. Access to all classes is now possible and actual. Formerly the work of evan- DR. WHITEHEAD, the Anglican gelization had been almost entirely con- Bishop of Madras, declares that the fined to villages; the Christian Church in China was largely a peasant commupresent is more hopeful for Christianity nity. Now, men of business, the offiin India than any time during his thir- cials, the gentry and the students are ty-two years of service there. After two being touched and reached. years of service, Bishop Azariah, of DornakaI, has been even more successful than The OpiulU FIght In China was hoped, having brought to the work of the Church elements of untold value, CHINA has accomplished great things and of great hope for the future. 'Dur- in her fight against opium, but the ing the last two years the prospects of the great movements toward Christian- anti-opium war is not yet over. President ity in India have become brighter. Yuan Shih-kai, in the last year of his life, in order to gain money to carry out Furthermore, there is a widespread his plans, turned to the opium trad~rs, movement among the Christians to pre- and for millions of dollars agreed that pare themselves, by prayer, training in they might continue to sell in three Bible study and voluntary personal provinces. Some provincial governors evangelism, to reach the non-Christians. were not slow to follow the bad exam- In all India to-day it is this arousing of ple of the President. They, too, arthe Christians that is the most encour- ranged to make money ou t of the soaging and promising sign. Given an called "last stage of opium prohibition." awakened Church, and the future of India is assured. Without it no meth- Another blow to the anti-opium camods, meetings or men can hope to win paign was the action of the foreign many or solve the problem of India's municipality of Shanghai, in voting for evangelization. It is this awakening of the continuation of the sale of opium for the Church that is the greatest hope of smoking. The opium monopoly of Can- India. ton, arranged by Yuan Shih-kai's men, was another setback.

President Li Yuan Hung has issued an edict prohibiting the planting, smok-

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ing and selling of opium, and opium trade, pass through their hands. About burnings have been reported from Kal- a million workers will be affected by gan and Peking. There are, however, the new regulations, which prohibit the reports of opium planting in Yunnan employment of children under the age .:md Szechuen, and a despatch states that of twelve in any heavy and laborious many opium dens have been reopened in work j and further, of boys under fif- Szechuen. teen, and women of any age, more than twelve hours a day. Friends of China need to take a fresh hold of the anti-opium crusade to offset A number of factories have employed the plots of those who have taken ad- Christian matrons to look after the girl vantage of China's political disturbances employes. Presbyterian missionaries to give opium a new lease of life just have done some successful evangelistic when the evil was almost suppressed. work in the factories, especially in the cotton mills. Federated Work in Nanking A Builder of tIle Ii:ingdolll in Japan TWO former prisoners of the Nan- THE chief of the Government rail- king jails were baptized on a re- ways in the province of Kyushu, cent Sunday as the result of work conducted in the prison by the federated one of the few posts in the Imperial churches of the city. Several others of Railways which are tilled by direct apthe twenty-eight political prisoners recent- pointment from the Throne, is Mr. ly released by Government order have Nagao, who is as noteworthy for his expressed a desire to join the Church. Christian character and for his influence After liberation they held at their hotel over men as for his technical skill. He a reception to the Christians in gratitude became a Christian in his college days, for the kindness shown them. At an en- and has not hidden his Christian light. tertainment which followed the Chris- When he held a government post in Fortians presented each released prisoner mosa, he was the mainstay of the pioneer with a Bible as a lasting memorial. Part Japanese Church, and the founder of of the work of the federated churches the Young Men's Christian Association during the summer included distribution there. • of fans, tea, disinfectants and other articles which would make prison life in hot The phenomenal growth of the Assoweather more comfortable for the politi- ciation work among railway men is due cal prisoners. largely to his aid j and the mouths of critics are stopped when the Premier Chinese Christians interested in the himself pronounces the Kyushu railways building of a new church at Nanking under Nagao to exhibit the finest morate are retelling the story of a nameplate among the men and the highest efficiency erected over the door of the original in operation of any section of th~ Empire. Presbyterian Church. The plate bore the title "The Society of Jesus."-The Nagao is an ardent champion of Continent. Church union, and since he was ap- pointed to Kyushu, with headquarters at JAPAN Moji, he has brought about the amal- gamation of the six weak churches in Conditions in Factories Improve one strong, well-equipped church. AI-' most single-handed he has raised, entirely JAPAN'S new factory law marks the in Japan, enough money to buy a fine first step in the emancipation of site and put up a City Young Men's Christian Association building in Moji. women employes in Japan. From sixty All but $1,000 of the amount was given to seventy per cent. of the factory work- by non-Christians, for they have confiers in the Empire are women. Raw dence in Nagao and in the kind of religsilk, cotton, yarn, fabrics, tea, matches, ion he represents. towels and straw braids, which hold an important position in Japan's export Wise in counsel, fearless in execution,

it is not strange that Nagao has been OHl'l'UARY asked to become an official Christian Hr. WID. N. BreW"ster, of China worker, but he has conscientiously dedined, believing he should "remain in DR. WILLIAM N. BREWSTER, the vocation wherein he was called." who lIas been a missionary of the Methodist Board in China since 1890, AFRICA died at the Presbyterian Hospital, Chi- Boys' Cillb in Tunis cago, November 22, after a short illness.

REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, Since the organization of the Hinghwa Mission Conference in 1896 he has served of Cairo, Secretary for the World's as its superintendent. In addition to the Sunday School Association, writes of work of district supervision, Dr. Brew- wonderful work among the street lads ster has been principal of the Hinghwa of Sfax, Tunisia. H. E. Webb, a mis- Biblical Training School, and has also sionary, has gathered these boys, all Mos- directed the work of the Mission Press lem, into a Bible Club, with many ac- in that city. He served as mission treas- tivities. Although many of these little urer over ten years. For some time he fellows cannot read a single word, he has was editor of The Revivalist, a paper taught them with pictures and with oral published in the Hinghwa colloquial dia- lessons, and they are keenly interested in lect; and into this tongue he translated what they are discovering about the Bible the Bible. He wrote two other Chinese from week to week. This special work works, "A Commentary on Isaiah" and requires a great fund of patience and a book on homiletics. Dr. Brewster lived grace, but there seems no reason why to see the native church in Hinghwa in- the same plan might not succeed in creased from 1,000 to more than 10,500.

Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. Dr. Andre-w Watson, of Egypt These lads come from wretched homes, and many are homeless. A T the ripe age of eighty-two, having been born in 1834 at Oliverburn, The Inte…ned Missionaries Perthshire, Scotland, Dr. Andrew Wat- F OURTEEN missionaries of the son went Home from Cairo on Decem- Church Missionary Society, who ber II th, after fifty-five years of service have been interned in German East Af- on the field. He was greatly beloved and rica for two years, are free. They were honored as a man and a missionary. He found by the Belgian forces at Tabora was educated in America and was marwith others who are working in connec- ried to Miss Margaret McVicar, who tion with the Universities' Mission. survives her husband. One son is a physician in Chicago, and another son, On the other hand, the Moravian Dr. Charles R. Watson, has recently Board has received word that all the been elected president of the newly pro- German missionaries of their N yasa Mis- jected Cairo University. He was with sion have been removed from the sta- his father at the time of his death, havtions and are interned at Blantyre, Brit- ing just arrived in Egypt on University ish East Africa, south of Lake Nyasa. business. They report that they are being kindly treated, and are permitted to visit their Dr. Andrew Watson, through his conwives and children three hours every nection with the Theological Seminary day. in Egypt for nearly half a century, had the privilege of a large share in the train- The Board report says: "Of our con- ing of the entire ministry of the Synod gregations at the north end of that long of the Nile. We plan to have an illusinland sea, we only know that they are trated article on Dr. Watson in a later now left without their spiritual guides number. and ministers. Humanly speaking, that flourishing work is at a standstill. We Dr. J. L. Dearing, of Japan On December 20th the Rev. J. L. can but do what their missionaries are doing with sad hearts but trustful faith Dearing, an honored American Baptist –commend them to God." missionary, died in Clifton Springs, N. Y.

World and the Gospel. By]. the absoLute restriction of beer as

H. Oldhaus, JV1.A., I2mo, 220 pp. 2S. as vodka. . . . .. If we can arrange net. United Free Church of Scot- that for twenty or twenty-five years the land, Edinburgh. 1916. population will not have the opportunity to drink, . . . Russia will be saved." " This is a contribution to Christian thinking rather than a volume of in- Professor Simpson is not as hopeful formation. Mr. Oldham, the secre- about religion in Russia as is Stephen tary of the Continuation Committee of Graham; nevertheless he sees clearly the World Missionarv Conference and that the soul of Russia is essentially Editor of the I ntern~tional Review of mystic. He speaks of ·the poularity in Missions, is a writer of fine Christian Russia of a translation of Henry Drumspirit and intelligence. His discussion mond's book, "The Ideal Life," and of the challenge of the war to the says that religious subjects are ever Christian Church, the character of the uppermost in the Russian mind. Since Gospel and the appeal of the world is the proclamation of a "free Poland" the convincing. If this study of the theory other day, Professor Simpson's chapter of missions could capture the minds and on "The Future of Poland" is particuhearts of the rising generation there larly pertinent, and no one who specuwould be no lack of volunteers or of lates upon the changes which must come missionary givers. at the close of the present war will over- look his closing chapter on "Russia and The Self-Discovery of Russia. By Constan tinople. ff Professor ]. Y. Simpson. Illustrated. 8vo. 227 pp. $2.00 net. George H. Letters From My Home In India. Doran, New York, I916. By Mrs. George Churchill. Edited and Arranged by Grace McLeod Rog- During the summer of 1915, Professor ers. 8vo. 305 pp. $1.35 net. George Simpson of Edinburgh visited Russia, H. Doran, New York, I9I6. and as a result has given us this sympathetic study of the new Russia, whose The talented author of "Stories from soul has been laid bare since August, the Land of Evangeline" has edited these 19 I 4. The various chapters deal with uniquely fascinating letters of a noble economic, social, political and religious missionary, who had the superb talent conditions in the empire of the Czar. and devotion of work, but who could The author was permitted to visit the not write. The result is no dry-as-dust Russian armies on the Galician front tale of missionary labors. Every page and not the least valuable chapter thrills one with its vibrant life and sacriin the book is that which relates his nee. We see first in 187 I, the young girl observations while with the troops. w naively pleased because such a great There are also many illustrations, visu- joy has come when-a missionary has alizing for the reader the experiences of asked her to be his wife! war. To fit herself for this great work Professor Simpson '5 study of the effect and that she might be no whit behind of the prohibition of vodka throws valu- the men in this preparation, the young able light on the world-wide movement woman went to the Wom:tn's Medical to restrict the use of intoxicants. The College, Philadelphia. Finding that they extent to which Russia has awakened had not very long purses, and money to the economic value of sobriety is in- fairly melts away even with most caretimated in the testimony of a Professor ful expenditure, she and a friend and of Economics who said to the author, room-mate canvassed for a book. "What I have seen of the advantages of prohibition has brought me to believe in In 1873 came her wedding and the departure for India. The mere romance

faded before the reality. How did they power, in relatioll hoth to' the world stand it all ?-the ignorance, the dirt, into which the Gospel first came, and the disease, the outlandish notions of the world of our OWll day. Dr. Kirk those extraordinary people who would knows Greek and Roman history and is even try to pull apart the curtains in our equally familiar with the history of missionary's house to see what she was dogma; he has also the facul ty of separ- doing inside. ating the essential from the accidental in the study of great movements con- Only a saintly character could have nected with the development of Christian borne it, but she did not rebel, even doctrines. I t would be difficult to find when children and husband were taken elsewhere in so small a compass so com- from her by the unhealthful climate. prehensive and lucid a survey of the growth of Christianity, opposed as it A beautiful sentence comes near the was both to and by Jewish legalism, end of the book, "If a balance was struck pagan philosophies and Eastern wisdom. between our receipts of mercy and good- The author believes, and rightly, that ness through the past year, and what we the faith which conquered these, satishave repaid in love and service, what a fying the eager minds of those who were poor-showing statement we should have." grappling with the problems of life and death, of sin and salvation, of duty and Her editor, Grace McLeod Rogers, destiny, has within it still, and must gives a perfect picture of life in India forever have, the power derived alone down to the time when she came back to from God. Canada in 1914, with her sole surviving child. Here she stayed long enough to Light is self-evidencing. So is Chrisrest, and then this noble woman of sev- tianity. Gospel creed and Gospel code enty-five, lame, yet rejoicing, returned to unite to make the faith once delivered India to be among the people whom she unto the saints final. The apostle of the loves so well. Christian faith is, as Dr. Kirk says in his closing chapter, quite willing to sub- MARSHALL SAUNDERS. mit the claims of his faith to the arbitra- ment of experience. The Unity of the Americas. By Robert E. Speer, 16mo. 115 pp. 25 Nationalizing America. By Edward cents. Missionary Education Move- A. Steiner. 12mo. $1.00 net. Flem- ment, New York, 1916. ing H. Revell Co., New York.

A wonderfully compact, well arranged America the "melting pot" of nations and well digested mass of information is being welded into a homogeneous mass concerning the political, commercial, with national ideals and characteristics. educational and 'religious conditions and The war is having its influence in this opportunities in Latin America. Any direction for America is realizing its reone who masters the facts in this little sponsibility among the family of nations. volume will be ready to speak intelli- Perhaps no one could have seen and angently on Latin America. at any time alysed this process better than the and any place. There are many quota- foreign-born American, Prof. Steiner. tions from a large number of authorities on the subject. Dr. Speer faces the To be sure he calls pacifists "Mollyproblems fairly but hopefully. The evils Coddles," and refers to the "Educational of the Roman Catholic influence are not Chaos" of the United States and minimized or exaggerated but a construc- claims that everywhere nationality has tive Christian program is advocated. triumphed over religion, but while we may not agree with all of his ideas, the The Religion of Power. By Harris reader will be interested in the illumin- E. Kirk, D.D. 8vo. 317 pp. $1.50 net. ating study of the economic, educational George H. Doran Company, New and religious problems related to the York, 1916. nationalization of the great North American republic. These James Sprunt Lectures at Union Theological Seminary, Virginia, interpret Christianity as the religion of

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1916

CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY GIRLS' SCHOOL, FUCHAU

MISSION~Y FlgES 1. The demons of fear and superstition need to be driven out of Asia. Ko- rean children's heads often bear the scars of branding with hot irons, showing their parents' efforts to drive out the evil spirits in sickness. (See page 502.) 2. One result of missionary work in the Far East is that on becoming Chris- tians people usually take on habits of cleanliness of their own accord. The Gospel of Christ seems to be incompatible with filth. (See page 503.) 3. A number of Sikhs from India who are now living in Southern California maintain a distinct colony and are intent on earning a thousand dollars, which will enable them to return to India and live in affluence all their days. Here is a field for missionary work. (See page 525.) 4. Over three thousand American college students are now engaged in teach- ing classes, or are doing other forms of service for industrial workers. They find in the work an unexpected stimulus for their own spiritual lives. (See page 509.) 5. A Japanese lawyer, pleading for mercy for his client, who had been con- verted in prison, took the opportunity to explain at length to the court the power of Christianity to transform the lives of men. (See page 517.) 6. As many as 1,000 Chinese girls who are being sent south to be sold as slaves, pass through the Yangtze port of Ichong in a single year. (See page 552.) 8. Tho a Turkish government order had been issued, forbidding the use of French, Russian, Japanese and English as "enemy language," the Ameri- can Ambassador made it possible for some of the mission schools to continue by securing permission for the use of "the American lan- guage." (See page 549.) .J • 8. About forty influential Chinese in the city of Hang-chow have formed a Christianity Discussion Club, which meets twice a month for Bible study and discussion. (See page 530.) 9. The total amount spent for education in the United States in 1914 was less than one-third the nation's expenditure for alcoholic liquors, and only a little more than three times the estimated admissions to motion pic- ture theaters. (See page 542.) 10. At an all-India inter-caste dinner, held in Bombay last winter, with the avowed object of doing away with caste differences, 450 were present, 225 of whom were Brahmins, and 20 the "untouchables." (See page 550.) Here the girls are delivered from bondage ot fear and filth and superstition. (See page 499) I E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No.7 JULY, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.7 Old Series New Series it ,SIGNS"'OFvTHEvTIMES mI 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 I '1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiiii.l CHINA'S RULER AND CHRISTIANITY Yuan's sudden death on June 6th, and the succession to the presidency of the T HE death of President Yuan Shih well-known and respected republican leader, Li Yuan Hung, has caused the Kai, with rumors of poison, sui- provinces of Szechuan, Hunan, Checide and nervous breakdown, has no Kiang and Shensi to rescind their doubt removed one of the strong men declarations of independence (caused of China, but has also taken a cause by their distrust of Yuan Shih Kai) of discord out of Chinese politics. and to reassert their loyalty to the Peking government. This is a decided The late President, Yuan Shih Kai, gain for peace and unity in China. was a man with energy, ability, strength of character and personal am- President Li Yuan Hung is fifty-two bition. He came to the presidency at years of age, having been born in the a critical moment, when a strong hand province of Hupeh in 1864. He studied was needed to bring together two op- at Peiyang Naval College and served posing factors-the Manchus and the on a cruiser during the Chino-Japanese Republicans-and to establish peace. war. Later, he assisted in moderniz- He was, no doubt, a patriot, but with ing the Chinese army. At the outbreak strong personal ambitions. He re- of the revolution at Wuchang he was established Confucianism as the state forced to take the command of the religion and caused himself to be pro- revolutionary forces and was instruclaimed Emperor. This latter step mental in arranging the Shanghai brought about a series of revolutions Peace Conference. After the abdicain various provinces and threatened tion of the Manchus he was elected the disruption of China.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW.. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

vice-president of the Republic, to which greatly strengthened, six were baptized office he was reelected October 7, 1913. and in at least three different places groups of them are gathered into Bible President Li is not a professing classes. As these students become the Christian but he is very friendly to- officers of the Chinese army the waves ward Christianity and has given gen- of influence from this campaign of erously to the support of the Y. M. friendship will doubtless go on in ever- C. A. and other Christian enterprises. widening circles and out of it there He listened most sympathetically to may develop the future Army Departthe Christian message given by Mr. ment of the Chinese Young Men's Sherwood Eddy when the latter was Christian Association. in China two years ago. The new president promises to enforce the laws WAR AND PEACE MOVEMENTS of the Republic, guaranteeing liberty and justice to all. There is great rea- THE tragedies of the war are inson to expect that under his guidance. China will enter on a new era of peace creased, rather than diminished, as and prosperity and will give even the conflict continues. No doubt the greater opportunity for the advance- purpose of God will be wrought out, ment of Christianity. either through the war or in spite of it, but it seems unthinkable that there can THECHRISTIANS IN CHINESE ARMY be rejoicing among the profest fol- changes in China since the days lowers of the Prince of Peace when of the Boxer riots are in nothing whole battalions of men are destroyed, more conspicuous than in the changes or battleships with their living crews in the personnel of the Chinese army. and marines are sent to the bottom of the sea. The death of Lord Kitchener For example, just outside the city of and his Staff, while on their way to Wuchang there is a large military col- Russia, is a serious blow to Great lege, where future officers of the mod- Britain, and the destruction of many ern Chinese army receive their prelim- British and German warships-valued inary training. These students are at $150,000,000, and between 5,000 and drawn from all the provinces. One of 10,000 lives in a naval battle on the them, a student named Way Ling from North Sea-wil! bring sorrow to many Fukien province, was led through the hearts. In the meantime, Germans influence of an Association secretary continue to batter away uselessly at and a summer conference, into a deep Verdun in France; the Italians fail to Christian life, and exerted a powerful make much impression on the Austrian influence among his fellow students. defensive; the Russians begin a vic- torious drive in Galicia and con- The Foreign Mail of the Young tinue to advance in Armenia; the Men's Christian Association, tells us British and Russian forces threaten to that Ling's class has now graduated and cut off the Turkish forces in Mesopois scattered among the various military tamia; the British repulse useless atstations in China, the students serving tempts to capture or destroy the Suez as privates before taking their final Canal and foil plots to start serious course in the Higher Military College revolutions in India, Arabia, the at Paotingfu. Some of them who were Sudan and South Africa. Christians before have had their faith

OF THE

The conflict is more fiercely waged to pass a given point marching twenty than ever, and yet none can say that abreast without a break! peace may not come suddenly. Christians in America have recently made The American Board received a a declaration for the promotion of cable from the charge d'affadres at The American Council of the W orId Constantinople, urging that all the mis- Alliance for Promoting International sionaries in the interior of Asia Minor Friendship through the Churches. be withdrawn on account of increas- This held its first National Confer- ingly tumultuous conditions, but a ence at Garden City, April 25th to message from the United States Con- April 27th, and affirmed : "We believe sul at Tiflis, Russia, stated that condiit is time for the Christian Church to tions in the region of Van are suitable speak and act in strength and assur- for the missionaries who were driven ance of a deep and full loyalty to out to return. The American Board Jesus Christ." now has four stations under the Rus- sian flag, Van, Bitlis, Erzroom, Tre- The resolutions adopted invited bizond, and has found the Russian every communion and denomination in officials extremely friendly. the United States to establish a Peace Makers' Commission, if it does not al- Matters, evidently, are very differready have one, in order to enter thus ent in the Turkish territory and on into close affiliation and practical co- the Russian side of the line. The operation with the American Council American Board expects the male misof the W orId Alliance. sionaries to return to Van at an early date. They will travel via Russia and Christians are earnestly invited to the Caucasus and, for some time to cooperate in this movement to promote come, will be occupied mainly in refriendship and good will among the lief work. The missionaries still in nations, for "permanent peace must be Asia Minor (one hundred and twelve ultimately based on religious sanctions, in number) are advised to consult and back of all international agree- with Treasurer Peet at Constantinople ments must be good will." and the United States Embassy as to the wisdom of their remaining at their RECENT REPORTS FROM TURKEY posts.

T HE Russians continue to advance A company of eight missionaries from eastern Turkey, desiring to leave inAsiaMinor, but more slowly than for home, have been detained at Beirut at first. As they occupy the Armenian since January 1St, the Turkish governterritory, the surviving Christians come ment refusing to allow the United out of their hiding-places and peace is States battleship Des Moines to take restored to the remnant-but Asia them off. Minor as a whole is in a pitiable condition. In America, the Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief has been The havoc wrought by the Turks stirred to renewed activity by a recent can be better realized when we think cablegram which states that many of that the number of Armenians, men the Armenian exiles, deported from women and children massacred or their homes by Turkish soldiers, are starved to death in the past year would take three days and two nights

reduced to eating grass and are dying general throughout the empire, and of starvation by hundreds. it has found expression in more than "Sufferings among exiles have been one special movement. A strange greatly increased on account of their mystical revival is reported to be having refused to accept Mohamme- spreading over northern Russia, un- dan religion in accordance with offers der the metropolitan Archbishop Pe- generally made them. The fortitude trim, of Vladicavkaz. He is con- of most of the people under the suffer- ducting services with an impressive- ings which they are undergoing is ness unprecedented, and has organ- wonderful, and they are not losing their ized choruses of hundreds of chil- Christian faith. The men of the fami- dren, whose singing exercises a spell lies of many of the exiles are still serv- almost hypnotic over vast masses of ing in the Turkish army." people. The peasants and the nobles The Committee has commissions at alike stand side by side to honor this work in several cities of Turkey and leader, and even the Czar has come Persia and relief is being distributed under Petrim's influence. On one under the direction of American mis- occasion last winter many thousands sionaries and United States consuls, of persons, including royalty, nobles, each city being the distributing point and commons, knelt a long time in for a large section of country where the snow, with the mercury at thirty are thousands of destitute people. It degrees below zero, to receive the is estimated that in Turkey, Persia, archbishop's blessing as he returned Syria, and Palestine there are approxi- from the cathedral to his monastery. mately a million Armenians, N estorians, and native Christians who are des- Reports of another more evangelititute and suffering for want of food cal movement come from Rev. C. T. and the necessities of life. Byford, who is credited with know- ing more of the inner working of IS RUSSIA CHANGING? evangelical religious life in Russia than any other Englishman. He has RUSSIA, with its immense masses exprest his deep conviction that the of uneducated peasants, its renaissance which has come to Rus- powerful State Church, its autocratic sia is due almost entirely to the re- government, and its atheistical stu- markable spread of the evangelical dent classes has presented a diffi- faith. Many of the Russians them- cult problem to evangelical Christian selves do not know to what this ity. Is the war to change the situ- change is due. When Russia be- ation and to bring new life to the comes completely emancipated from "Orthodox" Russian Church? Al- the tyranny of superstition, and re- ready there are reports of such re- ceives the Gospel of Christ in its generating influences at work. simplicity, she will inevitably enter Conditions in time of war have upon a new and splendid career. The made a powerful appeal to those preparatory work of the past years elements of religion and mysti- is beginning to bear fruit and the cism which' are so potent in the light of the Gospel of Christ is Russian character. A remarkable spreading. This fact is the most growth of religious fervor has been hopeful sign for Russia's future.

MISSION SCHOOLS IN CHOSEN a tremendous number of church WE have already referred at schools all over the country. The length to the Japanese policy Government of Japan and Korea al- and laws in regard to the mission lows the carrying on of these church schools in Chosen. However fairly schools, but says definitely that the the government may intend to deal teaching of religion and of the Bible, with the missions, the fact remains or the holding of religious services that their policy is forcing the schools can not be 'included in the curricu- out of existence. The missionary edu- lum,' and in their interpretation of the cation is necessarily religious as well law the Director of Education asserts as secular, and the Japanese insist on that it was worded this way in order the separation of the two. The Metho- th&t such church schools might carry dist mission has agreed to conform to on this religious instruction during the regulation forbidding religious in- hours outside of the curriculum.

struction in the schools, without wait- Whether all will interpret the law in ing for the expiration of the ten years. this way I can not say, but when this This action places the large Presby- is the interpretation of the man in au- terian educational sysrem in a difficult thority in the administration in pOSItIon. Recently the Japanese au- Chosen, we hardly ought to say 'they thorities ordered the Sen-Sen (Syen- ( the Japanese) are doing all in their Chun) station (Presbyterian) to close power to throttle Christianity.'

the academy for girls or else to stop "The statement concerning 'a law teaching the Bible. The mission de- which says missions must obtain per- cided to accept the alternative of clos- mission from the Government every ing on March 3 ISt. This action was time they want to employ a helper, taken not because of any lack of mis- a colporteur, or a pastor, when they sionary sympathy with the Japanese establish a church' is not the law as Government and its laws, but because it exists. Everyone in the country is the missionaries are in the country not registered with a full statement as to primarily as secular teachers, but as his work, what he does, whence he ambassadors of God in the name of goes, etc. The mission does not have Jesus Christ. to obtain a permit for the employment A recent letter from Dr. Horace G. of a helper, a colporteur or pastor, Underwood, an honored American but must notify the Government con- missionary in Korea, takes exception cerning all so employed who are de- to statements in a recent number of pending upon church work for a live- the REVIEW (p. 84, February, I9I6), lihood.

in regard to the Japanese attitude to- "Judge Watanabe, well known as a ward the missions in Korea. Dr. Christian statesman in the adminis- Underwood writes in part as follows: tration here, and one who is noted as "I do not hold that they (the Gov- an active, energetic Christian worker, ernment) are right in separating re- told me that these laws for religious ligion and education, but they have work among the 'Koreans in Chosen decided to do so and their decision were identical with those laws under has been arrived at very largely be- which both the Methodist and Presby- cause of the fact that there were such terian Japanese churches in Chosen

had been working for a good many heads of the following five new depart- years; I think, therefore, that this was ments: The Department of Evangel- not especially aimed at Christianity ism, the Department of Church Exten- among the Koreans. The Government sion, the Department of City Work, had introduced the Japanese system the Department of Rural Work, and of registration with a slight modifica- the Department of Frontier Work.

tion for Korea. While we may dis- The plan further provides that the agree with the laws and with many Board shall consist of thirty-six lay- of their methods, let us strive to view men and thirty-four ministers, one of them as they are intended." -these to be a bishop.

MISSIONS AT THE METHODIST EPISCOPALiANS AND UNION WORK GENERAL CONFERENCE T HE Board of Missions of the EFFICIENCY, economy and an ag- gressive forward movement are Protestant Episcopal Church sent delegates to the Panama Congress on the characteristics of missionary ad- Christian work in Latin America but ministration to-day. has declined representation on the Continuation Committee and refused The quadrennial General Confer- to take a part in the proposed program ence of the Methodist Episcopal for united missionary work that has Church met in Saratoga Springs, developed from the Congress and its N ew York, during the month of regional conferences. Some of the May, and elected two new mission- officers are in sympathy with such ary bishops for Africa, Rev. Eben united efforts, but the opposition in the E. Johnson, of Sioux City, Iowa, Church as a whole is strong, and deleand Rev. Alexander S. Camphor, gates were sent with the understanding a negro, now President of the Central that the Congress was deliberative and Alabama College. Rev. Herbert Welch not legislative or executive. was also made a bishop, to be stationed in Seoul and Rev. Wil- The cooperation of Episcopalians in liam F. Oldham, another new bishop, union movements at home is shown by was appointed to Buenos Aires. He the fact that one hundred and forty served from I904 to I9I2 as mission- churchmen were delegates to the Naary bishop of Malaysia, and since then tional Missionary Congress in Washhas been Corresponding Secretary of ington. They pledged the salary necesthe Board of Foreign Missions in New sary to pay a secretary of their own York. He is an able leader and may communion on the staff of the Laybe expected to develop a strong mis- men's Missionary Movement, and also sionary policy in South America. unanimously adopted the following statement : "We wish to express our In the home mission field the Con- absolute confidence in the Board of ference reorganized the Board of Missions and pledge them our loyal Home Missions and Church Exten- support in making up the full amount sion, which formerly had three cor- they may see fit to appropriate even to responding secretaries with coordinate the full amount of the appropriations jurisdiction. It is now proposed to asked." place the board in the general charge of one secretary, who shall appoint the

J COMING

JUNE AND JULY, June 14th to July 25th-Summer Term, Bible Teacher's Training Sch., N. Y. 23d to July 3d-~oman's Summer School of For. Miss., Silver Bay, N. Y. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Seabeck, Wash. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 26th to July 6th-Miss. Education Movement Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 27th to July 7th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Eagles Mere, Pa. 30th to July 9th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 30th to July 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Binghamton, N. Y. July 4th-The 35th anniversary of the opening of the Tuskegee Institute, 1881. 5th-The 60th anniversary of the birth of Ion Keith-Falconer, 1856. 5th to 12th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Colo. I 7th to 14th-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Boulder, Colo. 7th to 16th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th-The 210th anniversary of landing of Ziegenbalg and Plutschau in India. 10th to 17th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Vermillion, O. 11th to 21st-Missionary Conf. on Religion, Columbia University, New York. 14th to 21st-Woman's Summer School of For. Miss., East Northfield, Mass. 14th to 28th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

15th to 24th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Princeton, N. J.

16th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of John E. Clough, 1836. 17th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 17th to 24th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Pen Mar, Pa. 20th-The 75th anniversary of the Founding of Lovedale Institute, So. Africa. 21st to 28th-Woman's Summer School of Home Miss., East Northfield, Mass. 21st to 30th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Tarkio, Mo. 21st to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Ocean Park, Me. 22d to Aug. 18th-Vacation course for missionary preparation, Oxford, Eng. 23d to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Lakeside, O. 28th to Aug. 6th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church Missionary Conf., Ridgeview Park, Pa.

AUGUST 1st to 6th-Okoboji Summer School of Missions, Arnolds Park, Iowa. 1st to 11th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Asilomar, Cal. 4th-The 75th anniversary of the birth of James Chalmers, 1841. 4th to 14th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Old Orchard, Me. 5th to 12th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Mt. Gretna, Pa. 7th to 14th-Presbyterian Foreign Mission Conference, Montreal, N. C. 7th to 14th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 11 th to 20th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Lancaster, Pa. 12th to 18th-Woman's Summer Sch. of Home Missions, Chautauqua, N. Y. 15th to 20th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Palisades, Iowa.

"LOVEST THOU ME?"

An opportunity for the ministry of love in China BY W. H. JEFFERYS, A.M., M.D. GERMANTOWN, PA. Formerly a Medical Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in China IRSTLY – The Gospel with the manger in Bethlehem and mF of Jesus Christ is com- continuing to Calvary when the gift prehended in the one of life was "finished" Jesus continued word LOVE, and love systematically to unself Himself, to is not a self-protective Himself completely become the "Son . thing, it is the outgoing of man." Day by day through the thing, the unselting thing. years He gave Himself in love-in the Secondly-Jesus said a good many name of the child-in-the-midst, of the things as if He meant them, but prob- disciple, of all the host of the world's ably none in which He spoke more needy ones; 50 much so that we say to- emphatically than in those pronounce- day, in very truth, the need of the ments which He sealed with the word world is the voice of Jesus, calling "Inasmuch." "Lovest thou Me." "Greater love hath Bishop Brent quotes in "The Reve- no man than this."

lation of Discovery" that love can not "As the Father hath sent Me so be defined, that in the last analysis send I you," "take up your cross and "Love is love"; but I believe that we follow Me." In this sign we shall are not far off the track of a practical conquer. This is the meaning of working definition when we say that- "Whoso shall lose his life for My Love is the giving of life, some of sake and the Gospel's (the love Gos- life or all of life. To me the greatest pel's) shall find it unto life eternal"- utterance the world has ever heard is which is perfected love.

this: "God so loved the world that r am at the point of reviewing the He gave His only begotten Son"-and, past in perspective, the mistakes we in Him, gave to us the eternal love- have made in China, the things we life of God Himself. His giving of have thought worth while and worked life came from the very Heart of Love for; and the gold tried in the fire.

all the way to that hate-stormed Cross The rubbish heap is large and there on Calvary. On the third day (the are many ashes, and yet it is all so morning star of eternal life) was simple. Where we have served our- Love perfected. So comes it that the selves we have failed. Where we Cross where that life was given, is for have put our missions in the name us the symbol of perfect love. of trade, of American civilization, of This same Jesus said, "As the the opening up of industries, we have Father hath sent me so send I you," been unprofitable indeed.

that is: For Love's sake, take up your A recent paper by a Chinese in St.

Cross and follow me. Love is the John's Echo says: "But what struck motive of service-of all service. Love me and converted me were and are the is the outgoing thing, the unselting earnestness and self-sacrificing deeds thing, the giving of life. Beginning of my professors and the missionaries

of the interior. The Christian virtues mutual consideration and helpfulness. and the Confucian ethics were placed They were a callous lot, and not outbefore me side by side. I concluded wardly much on loveliness; but there both are good, but between them there was a peculiar satisfaction in ministerwas and is a great difference. That ing to those most alien minds and difference is the decisive element be- bodies, sitting on the bedside of a tween them. I may illustrate it by a chronically starved waif from the true flower and an imitation one. The drama of Chinese life, and testing on former is life. The latter is dead tho him the magic of love, digging down beautifuL" into his deeply buried soul to see where Christ's loveliness might be In the kingdom of Christ only divine found in him, and hearing in his moan love lives. Such love is eternal life, of agony the voice of Jesus. unlove is eternal death. It is a long reach from the social In so far as we truly love we mani- environment of a conservative Amerifest Christ, and no further. When can town down into the very depths of the Church's love reaches farther, the heart of a derelict Chinese coolie; when she and her messengers give but it is not so far, by a long way, as themselves utterly in love, then will it was from the heart of God, the men hear and understand, and be con- Father, to the thief on the Cross, yet verted, and take up their cross and the conditions are at least faintly simthe world will follow. ilar. There is the same element of daring and adventure and there is the THE ADVENT OF LOVE same element of the splendor of love's imagination. A Chinese professional It has always seemed to me that on beggar and leper once brought me her this basis, that of the adventure of leper baby for my admiration and ap- Love, the mission of the Church is the proval, the whole being apparently an most gorgeous of all human callings outward expression of an inward sense in the very fact that it has that ele- of human fellowship and sympathy. It ment of adventure which is so per- is almost impossible to express in hufectly wonderful in the incarnation of man words the flight of love's imag- Jesus, the adventure of God for the ination such as could bring us two love of His children, the great ad- alien human lives into this fellowship. venture. So can the Church take up, Only the magic of love does that thing, as Christ Himself did, in His name, and Jesus is the great Love Way from the very same adventure and carry it man to man. This question of the down to the last dregs of human con- reach and imagination of love is vastly sciousness; to the most alien of the underestimated in the importance of children of His Love. its bearing on the whole question of the Church's mission. '" In St. Luke's '"Ho'"sp'"ital, Shanghai, Even in actual mission service it is we used to have a ward guarded by only through love that we get that the police and with barred windows, most necessary element of success especially devoted to prisoners from which we call vision. Just as war the jails, to professional beggars, and conditions are only really felt in this to other human derelicts, and even to pirates. Their strong points were not

LOVE-THE SUM OF THE GOSPEL 49 I

IN NEED-A TYPICAL BEGGAR OUT-PATIENT In bed No.8, at one end, there is a new patient-a perfect stranger. He country by those who can love, so is is just a thing, some six feet long, that it with regard to the need of the world we call a man, six feet of motionless in general. There are supposed to be yellow clay. He looks about twenty certain large amounts of eye disease years of age, robust, a good face, but and blindness in far eastern countries, at present perfectly expressionless, and good people are supposed to sym- with almost the relaxation of death. pathize more or less with such a con- He is flat on his back, his hands are dition of affairs. But follow me folded on his chest, and his face is around a mission hospital in Shanghai turned upward. His eyelids are half for a moment, and let me show to your closed, and motionless. love's imagination an actual· condition. Mechaqically we nod to him, but Now we are walking with the Resi- there is no response, so we say "Tsat, dent, Dr. Koo, a couple of nurses and A I" (Good morning). But still the senior students, down what we there is no response, only a vague sense call the "lucky ward"-every hospital of uneasiness and a slight trembling has its lucky ward, I suppose, and of the eyelids, but it answers the every surgeon his superstitions-stop- question that is in our minds. He is ping 'at most of the beds for at least uncertain if he is being spoken to, and a few questions and nodding or saying our diagnosis is partly made. a word to each patient. This is the morning round. It's a torturous way, "Why did he cO{l1e in at night, paved with toil and agony, and lighted Doctor ?" by the reflection from the glow of an invisible Presence. "Oh, he is not in for his blindness, he is an opium suicide, but he either did not take enough, or his family got him here very promptly. We worked over him for some hours, and he seems safe now."

Bending over the young man we notice that his breathing is quiet and steady. He is now conscious of our nearness, but two white patches SOME LOVE AT WORK Bed endowed by American children in memory 6£ a crippled boy

where his black pupils ought to be "Yes." show that he is stone blind. Seating It depends on circumstances. One ourselves quietly on the side of his of the circumstances is the reach and bed, we put our hand on his. the imaginative power of some one's love. "Noong a-z hah-tsz Va?" (So you are blind.) **** "Sz-tsen." (It is so.) Some love has reached to China, "Why did you try to kill yourself?" half way around the world, and we "I do not wish to live." have seen something there of the "Tell us about it." human agony of one blind man, but "I am a tailor. A year ago I rap- beloved, there are others. It is our idly went blind. I can not see any- impression that, except in rare inthing, I can not do any work. No one stances, blind boys and men in China will employ me for anything. There eventually find their way on the street is now only to become a professional as professional beggars, the lowest beggar on the street, and that life is class of Chinese humanity; and then not worth living." (The fate of the there are the women and the girls-! blind in China.) "Why did you not come show us Jesus said to a certain group of your eyes first?" Christians who thought well of them- "What wotrld be the advantage? selves, "I counsel thee to anoint thine Blindness is incurable. that night has eyes with eye-salve that thou mayest no to-morrow." . see." "Behold, I stand at the door A month goes by, and there is a and knock." "If any man hear my group of four men gathered about a voice . . . Inasmuch." canary bird up in the roof garden, one very old, two middle-aged, and It would be the merest guess to' one a boy of twenty. They are talk- name the number of blind in China. ing about the good points of the bird, but I should consider it a fair estijust as we talk about the good points mate to say that there are a hundred of a bulldog. There is quiet joy in thousand perfectly curable blind eyes their faces. They have all been blind, in China to-day–but the love of and they all can see. The youngest some so-called Christians in America is our tailor boy. He is wearing his can not reach that far. new glasses, and trying experiments with them. We,nod to him, and this Some one said recently that every time he does respond: man believes in love. Henry Drum- "Si-Sang." (Master.) mond calls it "the universal language "Ze-voong! Ngan Kyung hau veh which all can understand," but it is hau?" (Well, tailor, how are the so much more; it is the life of God glasses ?) Himself, it is the gift in His son to Answer, "Hau-Ie." (Well, in- the whole human race, it is the whole deed.) "I can see to thread the Gospel message, it is salvation, it is smallest needle; I am glad." the whole commandment of Jesus "You see that night of blindness Christ, it is the motive of all valid had a to-morrow." Christian service, it is the unity of the Christian Church-the only possible unity that's worth more than a scrap of paper,-it is the measute of the

PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN SEOUL

stature of the per- If thou woulds't fect man, it is the be perfect, oh! be- "These things ye loved bod y 0 f ought to l1ave done Christ, go sell all and not to have that thou hast and left the others un- follow thou Him done." fo r He I should like to is the way to see the whole body Love.

of Christ, for the "W h 0 s 0 ever next ten yea r s, shall lose his life make love "its sale for my sake and occupation," pray the Gospel's shall for love more than save it unto life for all else put to- Eternal."

gether; look, speak, "Whoso loveth work and think not knoweth love. With St. not God .

Paul, do this one' WAITING for God is thing, "Press on Love."

toward the goal unto the prize of the "I am the way follow thou high calling of God in Christ Jesus." me."

Progress of the Pierson Memorial Bible School in Seoul Ii. 1N EARLY five years ago, Korean Christians have been gradu- following the visit of ated. All the Methodist and Presby- Dr. W. W. White to terian theological students are re- Korea, a Union Bible quired to take their first year of School was started in preparation at the Bible School and Seoul, the capital of many others take advantage of the Korea, to train Bible teachers for the excellent courses of study provided. large and growing work in this most prosperous field of Protestant Mis- The number of students varies from sions. The school has since become fifty to one hundred, and these not the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Bible only study the Bible and how to teach School, with a Board ot Directors rep- it but they are engaged in practical resenting the Protestant Missions ~t Christian work in the city. In Sepwork in Seoul. The work has been tember, or October, the Bible School greatly blest, and several classes of will enter the new building, which is shown in course of erection in the ac-

companying illustration. It stands on given to a Chinese contractor, the sua commanding site on one of the main thoroughfares, on a hill overlooking perintendent of construction is a Japathe city. The funds in hand are sufficient for the completion of the main nese, and the furniture has been made by Koreans of the Y. M. C. A. in building but an additional $7,000 is Seoul.

greatly needed for the erection of a Dr. James S. Gale, secretary of the dormitory and for the purchase of the board of directors, writes: "The site we have secured commends itself to THE PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL PROPERTY IN SEOUL, CHOSEN (KOREA) This view shows the main building in course of erection, and gives an ,excellent idea of the commanding location near the main thoroughfare. The American committee hopes that additional gifts will make it possible to purchase the property adjacent to the street. The cost will be about $4,000.

land between the Bible School prop- us more and more. The fine open erty and the street. This purchase view is refreshing and the outlook will protect the approaches and pre- over the Japanese Middle School vent the erection of buildings 'that grounds and off to the palaces will be would shut in the Bible School and an aid to the labors of the class room." obscure what may be otherwise a commanding obj ect lesson to 'Koreans To-day is the day of opportunity in and travelers – a central Christian Korea. The Bible is the basis of landmark and gathering-place for Christian faith and practise among union Christian conferences. disciples in Chosen. This explains the reason for the apostolic character The contract for the building was of the Korean Christian Church.* * GHts for the purchase of th is property and for th,e erection of the needed dormitories 'for men and wornen may be sent to the Secretary of the American Committee, D. L. Pierson, 354 Fourth Avenue, New York. Checks may be made payable to Valter McDougall, Treasurer.

We Ready for War?*

BY REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D.

GREJAT vision is not al-.. name "Christian Soldiers?" In the lurid light of the warfare in Europe mA ways beneficent. Un- can we speak without shame of "fight- less it issues in a great ing the good fight of faith?" What- crusade it becomes only ever one may think about war, we a deadening dream, a should challenge ourselves as to reverie, a kind of medi- whether we are entitled to call our- selves an army equipped to proclaim tation, that puts the active powers the message of the Lord and establish "peace on earth and good-will to men." to sleep. We must have not merely the vision, Military metaphors are used very but the glowing spirit of crusade. We must not only go out from these confrequently in connection with the lay- ventions seeing-we must go out fight- ing. Let me take my place just where men's missionary campaign. These the Lord has put me and there fight for God and His truth with all the ardor metaphors, so abounding in the New of the soldier now fighting for his country in Europe. Testament, and used with extraordin- Turn your eyes upon Europe and ary vividness, have been reborn and then fix them upon yourself. Weare learning by the warfare in Europe that rebaptized in the horrors of the Euro- a powerful army is possest by the conviction that it is fighting for somepean war. The very word war has a thing worth while. It may be the de- fense of the home or the glory of the new significance; the word fighting country; it may be the glory of the lJiighted word; or the sacred cause of suggests an amazing conflict; the word freedom; or the unity and security of empire. Whatever it is, there must endurance betokens almost unspeak- be something of controlling power if the strength of the army is to be susable resources; the word valor has tained. There can not be perennial springs of energy where there is no come to palpitate with a self-forget- deep and vital faith. It is in great convictions that great emotions have fulness for which it never stood be- their birth. Emotion is always thin where conviction is faint. But emofore. Therefore, when we make mili- tion is like a river when the convic- tary terms the terminology of religion, I am afraid that the very brilliance of our terminology may eclipse the some- what somber dulness of our lives.

If we are going out as an army seeking to incarnate the visions of these missionary conventions, how do we, as an army, compare with the armies in Europe? Can we be favor- ably mentioned alongside of the armies in Flanders or the Tyrol or the Rus- sian frontier? Look at anyone of the European armies and then turn your eyes upon the army of the Lord.

Is that army dimmed by the army in Europe? Are we entitled to the … An address delivered at the Laymen's Missionary ConventionJ New York, Wednesday evening. April 12, 1916.

tion is like a mountain. An army Cambridge is empty. Edinburgh Uniwithout mighty conviction is like a versity is empty. The great industrial loose multitude without bonds. universities in Birmingham, Sheffield and Manchester are empty. The Now, have we, as Christians, any young fellows are away at the front. such conviction ? I do not sayan Look into the banks and factories and opinion- a thing that flies away like a we find that the young fellows are all falling feather, but a conviction- gone and girls are in their places. something that holds me as its convict, Every empty place means that a man that possesses me, controls me. Have has given his blood in the defense of we any convictions worth fighting for? his nation. Everywhere in Europe just now there is a readiness to con- We see in this world of sin and secrate blood in the defense of home suffering the need for a great and and fatherland. glorious emancipation. Is that worth fighting for? We are fighting to make Last summer, when I was walking known the love of our Father in the through a little village in Gloucesterperson and work of our Savior, Jesus shire, I saw a woman standing at the Christ. Weare fighting to disperse door of a little cottage. She turned darkness and ignorance, to break the to me and said: chains of evil habit, to offer salvation from the bondage of sin, to make an "Is there any news of the war this end of cruelty, to emancipate the op- morning?" prest, to dry tears no other hand can touch, to transfigure sorrow, to I told her the news and then asked, exalt wedlock, to glorify the home, to "Are you very much interested in the hallow childhood, to beautify age, to war?" light up death. "Very much interested in it? Yes; Are these worth anything? Is it I have five sons at the front and I worth everything just to unveil the wish I had more to give." fatherhood of our God, to unveil the great motherhood of the race, to un- Five sons! Five sons! – "and I veil the springs of forgiveness, to un- wish I had more to give." seal the very fountains of true freedom, to open up the way of eternal That is the spirit of the European life, the way that leads to Home and war-no sacrifice is too great to se- God. Is that worth fighting to attain? cure ultimate triumph. Is it worth anything? Is it worth everything? If we ale convinced of How is it with the army of the the glory of that for which we are Lord? How do we compare with the fighting, we have the primary requi- European soldiers in the extent of our site for a fit army in the service of sacrifice? Are we ready to give our our Lord. blood to proclaim the incomparable splendor of our cause? The first blood Look again across the seas at the ought to be given when we pray. armies in Europe. There we see a James Hinton, that e~ceedingly promarvelous willingness to give blood to found and practical philosopher, said gain desired ends. MyoId University, that we shall have to begin giving Oxford, is empty. The University of more in our thinking and in our prayers. There is a way of bleeding when we pray. 1£ I merely pray about myself or my family there is no blood,

WE READY FOR WAR?

but when I pray and do not remember elist and public man, once wrote that myself at all, in the remembrance of his footman was a man without much other people, when my petitions go apparent personality. But he enlisted out like armies in loyal intercession, in the army, and after several months bearing other people to the throne of training, Sir Gilbert wrote that "he grace, then my prayers are red with simply was not the same man he was life blood. when in my service." He said to Sir Gilbert Parker, "I am keen to go and Is my labor red with blood? We I think I am fit for it now." often tire ourselves with things of the world. How many really wear them- Rev. Stuart Holden told me of a selves out in the work of the King- young fellow in his congregation who dom of the Lord? In a biography, I had been for nearly all his life sitting read, the other day, of a man who on an office stool. He gave himself, said in a letter to a friend: "It is a body, mind and soul to be disciplined glorious thing to get thoroughly tired in the army; and so well did that man out for Jesus." That is spending your serve his country upon the field, that blood as they are spending it for an he was summoned before the King and inferior purpose in Europe. That offered his choice of honors, whether should be the spirit of the army of the a commission in the Army or the Vic- Lord-red with the blood of sacri- toria Cross. A young man says when fice. he gives himself to the army of the King, "Here I am. My poor imperfect Across the seas, I find in the army body and mind I surrender to thee for a sense of community. Every man is discipline and for drill to equip myself making the best of himself for the for the field." service of the whole. The man places himself at the service of his country. How is it with me? 'King Jesus What drilling a man undergoes, what says to me, "Jowett, I want you to be discipline he follows, what obedience a well-equipped unit in my army. Give he practises when he thus places him- thyself to discipline and drill and make self in the army of the King! How thyself fit for the field." Am I doing willing he is to be equipped for the it? Am I keeping my body under and field! One night, in the very dead of making my body an efficient servant night, in a little town of Yorkshire, for my Lord? Am I training my mind I heard the call of the bugle and in clear and pure thought, in vigilant in twenty minutes I heard the sounds understanding and in swift and correct of thousands of feet running through moral judgment? Am I drilling mythe darkness, going for a night run of self in the mighty exercise of prayer? ten miles to harden the young recruits Am I engaged in the even more for the field. You would be amazed exhilarating discipline of praise? at the ~ransformations taking place Whereas, to me, as a boy, a prayer in the physical caliber of the young meeting was somewhat dull, a praise men and in their general powers which meeting was absolutely exhilarating. have been brought about through un- "Be not drunk with wine," says Saint reserved surrender of every capacity Paul, "but in giving thanks." You to be disciplined on the field. will find greater exhilarancy and stim- ulus, in praise than ever in wine. Have Sir Gilbert Parker, the famous nov-

we indulged in the exhilarating disci- ings? Are we always talking about pline of praise, and are we engaged in other people's wounds and other peothe enlarging, expanding and athletic ple's suffering? Are we so intent upon ministry of intercession? the suffering in India and China and Japan and Africa that we scarcely re- When a man begins to pray for member our own? Whenever we be- India and China and the islands of the gin to forget our own sufferings and sea, and does it intelligently and sym- our own hardships and our own burpathizingly, he is becoming an excep- dens, we are becoming well fitted to tionally well-equipped and disciplined be soldiers of the Lord. servant for the army of his Lord. One more word. In one of the vil- Look again at the warfare in Europe lages of Flanders I have been tolJ and see the armies possest by uncon- there is a large crucifix, and the figure querable courage and persistence. on the crucifix has been greatly man- Amid all that is desolate, appalling gled, and the arms of the figure, by and heartrending, there are glimpses the shells have been forced out into of heroism that light the darkness. an imploring attitude, but the face Think of that new officer dying in has been blown away. Now, my Flanders-and as he was dying,cry- brothers, that face must be restored. ing out to his Dorsetshire regiment: Europe must once again see the face "Stick to it Dorsets, stick to it Dor- of Jesus. Great Britain and Gersets." many and France and Russia must see the face of Jesus. We must help to If that is being a soldier in Europe, reveal it? Will you pledge yourselves what ought I to be as a soldier of the to do it, not merely in Europe, but in King? every land under the sun? Shall we pledge ourselves that with God's help One officer wrote home, and at the everyone of us will drill and discipline end of the long letter he just added and surrender until each one is as a postscript: "By the way, I am in well equipped for a soldier of Jesus as a hospital with a bit of shrapnel in the men in Europe are well equipped me." That is all there was of it. "By to serve their king and their country? the way!" China does not yet know Jesus. Are Another wrote home "I have a bul- we daunted? India does not yet know let buried in my face and five holes Jesus. Are we daunted? America in my shoulder. Jol1y mess they made does not yet know Jesus. Are we of me, but now I am washed I am all daunted? Let us rededicate ourright." It is that light dismissal of selves. personal wounds, it is that valorous thinking of other people; it is that Soldiers of Christ arise reconsecration of their poor patched- And put your armor on. up bodies to the renewed service of their country that fil1s me with deep Strong in the strength which God supplies and grateful surprize. Who are these Through His eterual Son. soldiers ? Won't talk about their wounds; won't talk about themselves. From strength to strength go on, What about your elders' meetings? Wrestle and fight and pray, What about your deacons' meetings? What about your trustees' meet- Tread all the powers of darkness down And win the well-fought day.

A MARKET DAY SCENE IN CHIENG MAl, NORTH

Casting Out Demons In Asia EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY AT WORK IN THE FAR EAST * BY REV. THOMAS GUTHRIE SPEERS, NEW YORK AR'KET is held every had rented a booth, to which they EMJ three days in the little came every market day to preach town of Tap Teang in the "good news" to any who might pause to listen. We sat by their side ~ .:.. southern Siam. To the and watched. A half-breed, a Simo- Chinese evangelist, was speaking. On ~ old bamboo and thatch the wall behind him hung a mission- ary map of the world. His subject sheds come crowds of was the "Fatherhood of God," and, as he spoke, he pointed first to one people from all the many neighboring country and then to another, telling his hearers that the God whom he farms and hamlets. On the low plat- had found cared equally for the in- habitants of all the nations. Many forms running the length of the long in the crowd paused to listen, partly out of curiosity at the sight of forsheds were piled the stores of the eigners, partly out of interest in the words of the speaker. merchants and market women: fish As we watched there came one that were alive and flopping, fish that old man from a distant country vil- had been dead a long time; betel nut, native cloth, and cheap imported trink- ets; all these and more exposed to germs and offered for the inspection of the hundreds of people passing up and down the long alleyways.

In one corner of the market a little group of native Christian evangelists '*" Mr. Sp'eers has recently returned from a tour of missions in Eastern Asia. His report is particularly interesting as that of a wide·awake college graduate interested in world betterment.-EDITOR.

A RIVER BOAT IN THE NORTH OF SIAM The notch in the high curved stern is for the spirit to sit in so it will not disturb the crew lage, one who had never before heard pression on that man's face as he of Christ. He stopt to listen on the heard more and more of the message outskirts of the little group. Almost of the half-breed evangelist, without instantly his attention seemed to be being sure that Christianity was not caught, and we could see him nod merely a collection of theories or once in a while as if to say, "What truths, not merely an ethical system, you tell us is true." Without taking but a living, glowing force, a vital his eyes from the face of the evange- power, a reality! list, he moved to the edge of the little market platform and sat down to Of the many impressions which the listen further. As his interest grew Christian traveler in the Far East rehe pushed himself back on the plat- ceives none comes to him with such form more and more so that he force as this impression of the wonwould not be disturbed by those who der of his own religion. In America passed. At last he rested his shoul- a man's vision of Christianity is obders against the wall and settled scured by the multiplicity of interests down to spend the remainder of his and by the fact that the majority of morning hearing the truth which one's neighbors and friends call themwas so new and yet which appealed selves Christians. Consequently, a so strongly to his heart. Noone man often fails to recognize the vitalcould have sat there in that filthy ity and power of the Christian shed and watched the changing ex- religion.

In the Far East, on the contrary, it

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA 50!

VICTIM OF' HEATHEN LAW IN KOREA The criminal law in Asia is based entirely on the principle of fear stands out clear-cut against the back- those who have not had that advan- tage, who through ignorance and suground of the Asiatic religions, That perstition dwell in constant dread of something, they know not what. which is considered the usual in Amer- Through all the countries of the Far East there exists this fear, fear of ica is seen as the unusual out there. the unseen, fear of something which always seeks to harm men. That which we at home accept half- In the Philippine Islands there are heartedly is seen to be a wonderful, men and women who do not dare to leave their huts between eight and living force. Anyone who has had the nine o'clock in the evening because they believe that the spirits of the privilege of witnessing the effect of departed return to earth during that hour and torment those who have not the preaching of the Gospel upon a lived as they should.

man who has never before heard the In China we noticed that nearly every house had a great spirit wall Good News can not fail to realize built up in the road directly in front of the door to prevent evil spirits that there is far more to the Chris- from entering the house. The people believe that spirits can fly only in tian religion than many in America think Here are a few of the changes that the Christian religion IS working in the Far East to-day: .

The Demon of Fear First, Christ is delivering people from fear. We who have been brought up in a <:ivilized country can not know the attitude of mind of

straight lines; and so, when they have dren make in kindergarten-images erected these walls, they feel safe in of buffaloes, of elephants, and of their homes, for the spirits can not children. When a father finds that go up over the top of the guardian his boy is sick he makes a clay image walls and then down through the of a child and puts it in the spirit door on the other side. Imagine the shrine, and then prays to the spirit, attitude of mind of men to whom saying: such things are real, who would actually be afraid to live in a house "0 spirit, you do not want my little which did not have a spirit wall pro- boy, for he is ugly and weak and can tecting the doorway! do nothing that is helpful. Rather take this child, who is so beautiful In Korea (Chosen, Japan), at the and who will do many useful things church services the men sit on one for you. 0 spirit, you do not want side of a center partition and the my little boy!" women on the other, the men with their funny little black hats perched In that way the father hopes to deupon the tops of their heads, the ceive the spirit into taking the clay women with their white cloth head- image instead of the real boy. To dresses. Then close up to the edge those who have our Western backof the platform one sees a small circle ground of thought this does not seem of black heads-the little children, very terrible, but it is real to them! who wear no head covering at all. All their lives they have believed that And there is scarcely anything more the whole universe is filled with unpathetic than to look down upon seen powers, everyone of whom is those little black heads and see many constantly seeking to harm them, to of them with a small round spot bring sickness upon them, to destroy burned into the top of their scalps, th'eir crops, to blow down their where their parents have branded houses. There are no kindly spirits; them with red-hot irons in order to they are all evil and hostile to men. drive out the evil spirits of sickness. Imagine the mental attitude of men It is fearful enough to think of par- who have lived all their lives under ents inflicting such torture upon the the shadow of this fear, and then children they love, but it is more ter- consider the change that comes over rible to consider the atmosphere of them when they [earn of Christdread in which all of them must live. when they are told that there is but The fear of the hostile unseen makes one Great Spirit, Who made the them believe that such physical suffer- world and Who rules it now, and ing is necessary. that this Great Spirit is a loving spirit, a Father Who seeks not to Siam especially seems filled with harm His children, but to work them the fear of spirits. Along the coun- good. Christianity is delivering men try roads one frequently sees little from fear. spirit shrines-a bamboo post stuck up in the ground with a flat tray set The Demon of Filth on top of it. And in the tray one may find a whole collection of small Not only this, but Christianity is clay images such as American chil- doing the very practical service III the Far East to':'day of delivering

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA 50

men from filth. The slums of some The Gospel of Power of our great American cities are dirty, but one has little conception of what Christianity is doing a greater thing real uncleanliness means until he has than delivering men from either fear visited the cities and towns of the or filth. It is giving power to believ- Far East. The streets, the roadside ers, enabling them to do things that ditches and little canals all filled they never could have done before, with an indescribable mass of slime things, perhaps, which they never and filth, the unsanitary conditions in would have desired to do.

In 1912, at the close of the revolu- THE BONDAGE OF FILTH AND POVERTY IN ASIA A wayside beggar in China the houses, the absence of anything tion in China, when the Cantonese resembling personal cleanliness, all soldiers returned from the north, they contribute to a horrible condition of brought with them to sel1 as slaves dirt and pollution. some six hundred little boys and girls whom they had stolen from their Yet one of the most interesting side- homes. General Hwang Sing had not lights on the Gospel was the oft-re- gone up to the north with them, but peated statement, made to us in met his soldiers as they passed Korea, that when men become Chris- through Nanking. When he discovtians they also become clean. Little ered what they had done, in his anger is said to them about it, but naturally he had some of them beheaded. He of their own accord they clean up. took the children from their captors There seems to be something in the and gave them into the care of a little Gospel of Christ that can not exist Chinese woman named Miss Chow, side by side with dirt. When a man's who, entirely from a motive of patrisoul has been made clean he feels otism and a desire to do something compelled to purify his body also.

for this new government, volunteered body and the strong, beautiful face of to start an orphanage for them. She the lady who has accomplished these was given an old yamen or court things, and we felt sure that Miss house, and for a while she tried to Chow had not worked alone, but that carry out the stupendous piece of there had been with her One by work. But soon her motive of patri- means of Whose power and love she otism wore out, not being strong had been enabled to work the work enough to stand against the difficul- of the Father Who sent her. Out ties and discouragements which con- of weakness she was made strong.

TEACHING FILIPINOS THE BLESSING OF LABOR A class in agriculture at Silliman InstituteJ Philippines stantly crossed her path. She would All through the countries of the perhaps have given up, but just then Far East one finds men and women into her life there came the knowl- doing things that they never in the edge of Christ, and immediately all world could have accomplished withthings were changed. Her motive of out the power of God in their lives. patriotism was ennobled and purified. The difficulties which before had But this is not enough to inspire seemed unsurmountable now appeared men and women to leave their homes possible of solution. We visited that and go to countries whose languages little orphanage and looked into the they do not know, with whose cusfaces of the children and heard of the toms they are unfamiliar, and among marvelous things that ar~ being done whose inhabitants they are often most for their lives. We saw the frail unwelcome, there to live and work for life. It is splendid to relieve men

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA

of their fear, to purify them of their up on high; those who were facing filth, and to enable them to do things one way have been turned squarely that they could not have done before; around and now walk in the opposite but these motives of pity, of hygiene, direction. and of efficiency are not sufficient to warrant the existence of such a task We saw many instances of this as the missionary enterprise. Men transforming power of Christianity. would demand some higher possibility In Japan we met Buddhist priests before they would make the sacrifice who had once sought only selfish and corrupt pleasures, but who now are GIRLS AND WOMEN OF A SABBATH CONGREGATION AT TAIKU, KOREA The curtain dtviding the men from v;,~'::~h,;;,a~i~dos~en at the left. The large basket hats which they do so willingly in becom- giving their lives to the unselfish sering messengers of Christianity to far vice of their fellow men in purity distant lands. and love. In northern Siam we saw a whole village, 'It one time a nest The Power That Transforms of thieves and murderers, now eagerly crowding into the little chu:-ch which Christianity offers this higher pos- they have built with their own hands, sibility in the one thing which it is the leaders of the old robber band doing supremely throughout the Far acting as the officers in the church. East, namely, the transformation of We listened to a farmer boy in the character. Nothing could be more Philippine Islands as he rose in his wonderful than to see the changes school assembly and told the boys which Christianity has brought about that when he had come there he had in this realm. Men who were far been very sinful, but that when he down in the mire have been raised

had learned the truth in the Bible it his father was ashamed, but which had helped him to cleanse his soul neither he nor his religion was able and his life. to prevent. At last in desperation he brought this wayward son to the one The most striking example of the lone Christian missionary who lives transforming power of Christianity in that stronghold of Shinto, telling we found in the city of Yamada in her that he could do nothing, and Japan. This is a sacred city that is asking that she use the power of her visited yearly by thousands of pil- religion to help his son. Into the grims, who come from all over the fellowship of the little group of per- Japanese empire to worship there at haps fifty Christians the boy was the imperial Shinto shrines. It is a taken; and we saw him there at a city of only about 40,000 inhabitants, meeting in the house of the missionbut it contains 800 hotels, erected ary, an absolutely new man. What solely for the benefit of the long all the powers of Shirito couid not do stream of worshipers. The shrines that Christianity had accomplished. themselves are very simple. In front A life had been transformed, a charare small rock-hewn basins filled with acter made new by the power of water for the purification of the pil- God. grims. From these basins they come in a constant procession up to the These are some of the things that shrine itself. There they drop a cop- the religion of Christ is doing for the per coin in a box made ready for the people of the Far East. He is delivpurpose, fall on their knees, clap ering them from fear, cleansing them their hands twice to attract the at- of their filth, giving them power, and, tention of the goddess, mumble some most important of all, He is transformula of prayer to be made clean fonning their lives. No other reliand pure, rise and go back to their gion is doing this in the Far East. homes. Since the shrines were first No other power than Christ can do erected, in 4 B.C., men have been it. Peter stated the truth when he thus coming to this sacred place, seek- said to the Sanhedrin: ing and longing for something, but gaining nothing. The son of one of "In none other is there salvation; the head priests, in spite of his sacred for neither is there any other name surroundings, became very wild and under heaven, that is given among unruly. He did many things of which men, wherein we must be saved." The Acts 4: 12. (R. V.)

Itongolo-The Black

BY REV. ROBERT HAMILL NASSAU, S.T.D. Author of Fetishism in West Africa ~""'''''''''t"'"G~HILE I was living at took such statements with caution; Benito, W est Africa, there might be selfish desire for em- I sent some of the best ployment. I did employ him. He native church-members was quick, faithful, cheerful. When to adjacent districts, others, at the noon rest, sat down to ten or twenty miles smoke, he came for a lesson in the alphabet. At night, when others went away, as teachers or evangelists. One to the village dance, he came to my day I started alone down the coast, study for more lessons, and to ask a along the sea-beach, to inspect the multitude of questions. He grew school at Hanje. I leaped across or rapidly. He became a church-memwaded through some of the many ber. I made him, successively, forelittle streams that crossed the beach. man of the workmen, captain of my At a larger one, I undrest and swam. boat's crew, teacher, evangelist, ruling elder. He became a candidate and At Hanje, I had a happy time, ex- licentiate. During all the many years amining, commending, and encourag- of testing, he never once failed, and ing, and, late in the afternoon, I never laid himself open to rebuke by started to walk back the ten miles. either session or presbytery. Coming to that large stream, I intended again to swim it; but, I saw While Itongolo was in my employ sharks. So I sat down under the as teacher some ten miles away, he bushes at the top of the beach, hoping regularly made monthly visits to me that a canoe, with two men whom I to report. On one of these occasions, saw fishing, would come ashore and a brother of his had died at a village ferry me. Finally, the canoe did along the route he was to take. come; but, the two men were armed Almost any other native would have with guns and seemed to be acting in abandoned the report, and would a suspicious way. It seemed strange have spent at least a week in idleness that fishers should also have guns. at the mourning, sitting in rags and When they landed, the younger one ashes. But Itongolo had drest himbroke into a laugh. They came to self in unusually good clothing on his me. I did not know them, nor they respectful visit to me. He stopt at me. They asked what I was doing, the village where the mourning was hidden in the bushes. I told them being held. When he entered the that I was resting in the shade, and street, the mourners broke out in inwaiting for them to ferry me. They dignation at his fine clothing, "You did so. Then I sat down on the gun- have no love for your brother! We wale of their canoe and preached are sitting in rags and dust." He Jesus unto them. replied, "In my heart I am mourning for my brother more truly than you Two weeks later, the younger one, are doing with your dust! I am Itongolo, came to me, saying that he desired to be a Christian. I generally

doing my monthly duty of reporting "Yes, and I remember your laugh. to the white missionary, whom I At what were you laughing?" respect too much to go to him in rags. I will, however, recognize our "Dr. Nassau, your life was in custom, and will mourn with you for danger that day. With the other one day, and then I will go on my man I had been fishing unsuccessway." fully. We had our guns; for, the tribe at that part of the coast was During the while that he was in not friendly to us. Suddenly I saw my personal service at Benito, in his an object hidden in the bushes on the church activity, he organized a Civili- beach, and we cautiously came ashore, zation Society. He did not ask my so as not to alarm it, in order that advice, nor did he ask me to attend. I might shoot it. On landing I saw This was so unusual that, for a that what I had thought was a wild moment, I was disposed to resent beast was a human being. And I being ignored. But, he explained: laughed to my companion at our disappointment. " "If you attend, the members will not say all their thoughts, they will Itongolo's wife was older than himspeak only to please you. Some of self. Tho forty years of age, she them in their hearts still approve of learned to read, and became an old customs. To me they speak earnest worker among the women. freely; and I make them see that they After her death he married a younger are wrong." woman. He died in the prime of life in charge of the Ubenji church. So I refrained from attending the He was always true, quick, earnest, meeting, and he regularly came to with a happy, hopeful temper. As report to me what had been said and done. He opened my eyes to my protege (as did other proteges to the real character of some of the church-members. Finally, after many their special teacher) he imitated me years as a licentiate, he came before in my penmanship, my pulpit man- Presbytery for ordination. After the nerism~, my tastes in house-building, laying on of hands he said to me: and in other ways. I thought him the most spiritually minded of our "Dr. Nassau, do you remember that native ministers. first day that we met?"

HOW ONE READER USES THE REVIEW "Please let me thank you for the BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. Some of the plans I have passed on to the four hundred children's Mission Bands under my care, and I feel that I can voice their appreciation with my own.

"Just now I am in the midst of going through the file of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. I am opening the wires at the back of each number, slipping out the 'Department of Best Methods,' slipping the wireS' again into place, leaving the magazines in apparently unchanged condition. All the pages of the 'Departments' I am binding together for more convenient handling and for frequent reference.

"Possibly others may find this a method that may be included among the 'Best: "-From a letter received from Miss Elizabeth N. Briggs, Raleigh, N. C, Band and R. A. Superintendent, 'iVoman's Baptist Missionary Union of North Carolina.

NEED OF MORAL AND SPIRITUAL

A typical lumber camp with its saloons where spiritual engineers are at work Seeking Men and Finding God THE SUBJECTIVE REACTION FROM CHRISTIAN SERVICE BY FRED H. RINDGE, JR., M.A., NEW YORK Secretary of the Industrial Department International Y. M. C. A.

EEKING men and A millionaire's son, an under- graduate in college, who had been led ISI finding God! Chris- into his first service for some fac- tian workers are ac- tory men, said: customed to think of "The men I've been teaching have done me more good than I can ever . . first finding God and do them, and it is real joy to be doing something worth while. I'm . . then expressing our not ashamed to say that this work has changed my whole viewpoint of faith and love in terms of service life and made me realize for the first time what it means to be a Chrisfor men. This is not only advisable tian."

but necessary. "By their fruits ye His life was truly transformed, as was further proved when, a few years shalI know them." Service is essen- later, he took charge of several hun- dred lumbermen in one of his father's tial to a real Christian life, but how western camps, improved their work- ing and living conditions, raised their about the large number of men and wages, and became known as a "square boss and the workingman's women who are not Christians yet who friend."

have real ability going to waste? Many A man uninterested in Christian could not teach a Bible class but they could teach mathematics to a group of apprentices, take part in a survey, or render some other form of worth- while service. Seeking men (in cer- tain forms of service) sometimes helps the seekers to find God. A few illustrations may more clearly explain my theme.

work and not known as religious, tho ica, causing him several times to con- brought up in a Christian home, re- template suicide, because he could not cently responded to an appeal to lead get on, Joe stood on a street corner a boys' educational club, "because the one evening, when a volunteer spoke thing looked real" to him. It was to him as a brother and invited him not directly "religious work," but to to join an English class. Joe joined, him it became a religious privilege. became interpreter, then teacher, and After a year of this service and a learned how he could serve others.

fellowship in service with other This opened the door into a new workers, he entered religious work life. He soon joined the church, for life. Evangelistic meetings, Bible and is now ready to give his life to classes, talks, etc., had not touched Christian work. The volunteer who the niotor nerve in this man, but spoke to Joe on the street corner was when he was given something to do a Jewish student, who was beginning for somebody else his heart re- to discover Jesus as the fulfilment of sponded. He was not an "excep- his faith. Somehow, hundreds of.

tion," but one of the "average men." "Christians" had passed Joe by "on The captain of an eastern football the other side," but the Jew had not.

team, the most popular man in col- A letter from this same Jew states lege, was opposed to the student that he has joined the Association in Young Men's Christian Association a Western city, lives in the building, because he felt (wrongly, to be sure) and is teaching a Bible class there.

that it was "only a prayer-meeting." He writes: Nevertheless, when asked to teach "The first lesson I taught was the citizenship and American ideals to a Sermon on the Mount. We discust group of foreigners, he accepted the it for two hours without getting half challenge, even at considerable sacri- through. It's great!"

fice. Through this he became inter- That Jew is now' living a life of ested in the entire work, was elected Christian service, because, in seek- pre$ident of the Association, won ing men, he too found the only true many of his fellows to the Kingdom God, and heard the caIl of Jesus and has now become a Y. M. C. A. Christ to a larger ministry.

secretary in the very city where he How did that Jew happen to do the first enjoyed the privilege of a real unselfish thing in the first place? Back service-experience. in his college was a Y. M. C. A. sec- My friend Joe is an Italian lad, retary who believed in the evange- whose life is one of constant struggle lizing power of service and who was to resist temptation and gain a live- willing to trust the average man- lihood. Recently we saw Joe walk- even a Jew. And when this secre- ing the streets of New York looking tary saw the results of his trust in for work, because he had just given men, his trust in God was strength- up a good position for another . ened. This was another "subjective "foreigner" who needed it more than reaction from service."

he. Some call Joe a fool. We call Real men are not enthusiastic about him a hero. After three years of serving on "paper committees," but hardship and ill-treatment in Amer- will gladly go out into the com·

MEN AND FINDING GOD

SE.ElCING MEN proportion to the reality of the serv- ice activities. The college man in touch with the industrial worker I am also interested in the indus- trial aspect of this idea. I have obmunity to undertake something far served other men, after similar servmore difficult. In fact, we have seen ice experience, go from college into some college men who saw nothing industrial centers and make possible to interest them in their church, but movements for accident prevention, who were among the first to respond social hygiene, proper amusements to a real service appeal. Some of for their men, welfare club buildings these same men, after a year's serv- and branches of the church or Young ice, not only joined the church but Men's Christian Association, often in became teachers of its Bible classes, places where no other restraining or which classes began to reach men, refining influence previously existed. heretofore seemingly unreachable. Still others have gone to large cities Some may fear that "service" may where they have gladly placed their supersede or interfere with "serv- experience at the disposal of the ices" and other activities, but such church. As this is being written a a fear is unfounded, if proper suPer- letter arrives from a graduate who vision is provided. Something must says: "I never seem to be quite satisbe vitally wrong if the strength of fied with life, although I have every the Bible study, brotherhood meetings reason to be. I have given the and other such work does not in the matter a good deal of thought, have last analysis prove to be in direct changed positions twice, without re- sult. The trouble is that I've been doing things entirely for myself, and devoting all my energy to my own A FOREIGNERJS OPINION · OF AMERICA

advancement. I am convinced that In his travels throughout the past the only way to get any real satis- six years the writer has personally faction out of life, is to devote more observed over five thousand men, of my time to working for others. mostly from universities and church Please put me in touch with a real men's brotherhoods, placed in various job." forms of volunteer service, such as teaching English and civics to for- The very nature of Christian work eigners, leading boys' clubs, instructdemands that we give volunteers a ing groups in first aid, giving shop chance to do some one thing that they talks, leading classes in labor unions and over fifty other lines of work. can do. Many of these men have been of the We preach the gospel of personal type indicated and some have un- doubtedly volunteered for service beand social service and maintain that cause they desired the experience or anyone who fails to practise this from other "selfish" reasons, but not greatest of Christ's principles-serv- a single one of them, so far as we ice-can not be a real Christian. can learn, after careful study, has Lives become selfish and self-cen- failed to feel a subjective reactiontred, because- men are "too busy" a reacdon which, in many instances to accept and make opportunities for has meant enlarged sympathy, exservice. The warning note in many tended vision, quickened understandreligious conferences is the necessity ing that amounts to a revelation and of avoiding breadth at the expense of frequently means, even in spite of depth, and the importance of the themselves, that men in seeking men minister or religious leader himself found God! never becoming so much of a social engineer as to be led away from in- "If any man willeth to do His will he timate touch with the individual man shall know of the teaching."-John 7: 17. who hungers for brotherhood. Notwithstanding all this, too many of us If this is true of the non-Chrisare afraid to give the average man a tian, it is equally true of the doubtchance to serve, and thus prevent his ing Christian. He was a wise man getting from service the very things who sent the brother, filled with we all agree he needs to make his doubts, out into the western construclife essentially Christian. tion camp to work among men, for word came back: "I arrived here There are men and boys in our doubting much in religion, but when churches and Christian societies whQ I found how badly these poor felare cold, distant, and of that particular lows needed a Savior, I got busy and not uncommon type of mind and my doubts vanished." which resents both "preaching" and "personal work" (vitally important In order that we might benefit by as this is), and who perhaps need a the definite counsel of ministers and real service-experience, more than others, a brief questionnaire was reanything else, to bring about a spiri- cently sent to many student and city tual awakening in their lives. That Y. M. C. A. secretaries, who are such men will respond to the service using large numbers of volunteer appeal has been adequately proved, especially during the past few years.

MEN AND FINDING GOoD 51

workers. The following digest of results in more kindly, Christ-like relareplies is significant: tions with all men and gives one a new working faith in the average goodness I. What is the effect of industrial of men." service upon the student who serves? "Tends to tone up a man's whole life." "By frequent intimate contact with working men, the student secures a first- 2. Have you noted instances where hand knowledge of their working and men's lives have been strengthened living conditions and becomes interested spiritually as a result of such service? in improving these conditions in a rational and effective manner. By this unselfish "Most certainly. The chairman of our t:NCLYf fOR £!l!WN'!…

~ri., A Ntnth lHwn Wa.c~ YISITon kOOCks Aman knocks allre fronl goes Tile falller aoes to IIlf 0001 !/Ilfn, The lalher opens 1111! !klI IS slandlng Mr.SmlthlSslandll!gon1l1l! c shal<tshaOCls The lall1er snakes hands Wllh T~a~t"f. ~;HoW tl saYS Mr. smlh sav~ I am well. lhank you: Mr. Smlth carnes Into Ille T e ffiO/N'r W~(omes lit SIIS In me parlOr The lamer IaIkS 1l) h The mOlber brings n take and COIIee.

rile oaugnler helllS her rr.

The son IS not al home. Mr. SllI/lh gelS up fQ lea He saYS "g1lOll·bye-llllhe TheIrefalthlOeOrr.ices Wllh ~ Mr 'imilh saYs "ROOIIlJy lather says "g1lOll by ""(ome again.

M.5ml ea MAKING THE FOREIGNER AT HOME IN AMERICA Teaching the incoming millions to think and speak Christian American ideas service, he becomes less self-centered, Intercollegiate Council has greatly deand is usually greatly strengthened both veloped. A year ago he was· 'indifferent.' morally and spiritually. I am convinced Now he 'fairly eats the work.' The work that the value of the SUbjective reaction is helping him get his spiritual equilibrium of this service upon the student can not and he will probably give his life to it." be overestimated." "The year after R– started this "It's a wonderful, and sometimes a work, he became chairman of the Bible humiliating revelation to a fellow to get Study Committee. He had not been inup against some of thes"e foreign men. terested in the Church or Y. M. C. A. It makes a fellow readjust a good deal before. He is now thinking seriously of of his previous thinking. Practically, it taking up the Association work for life."

HELPIN G BOYS INTO CHRISTIAN MANHOOD AND AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP 3. Do you know of cases where by his becoming chairman of the commen have been won for Christ as a mittee." result of such service? "Many men have joined the Church "I am acquainted with one fellow whos'e as a result of this volunteer service." life was absolutely changed through work with working boys. He has been defi- These quotations speak for themnitely won to Christ, and is contemplating selves. The surpri~ing part of our giving his life to the work." investigation is that not a single Christian worker interviewed or cor- "I believe decidedly that industrial responded with doubted the spiritual service awakens men to their own real reaction from service: This is another need of help, and drives them to Christ strong argument for ' the use of "the as their all-sufficient Savior." average man" in volunteer work. Church history fully justifies the use 4. Are some men won by gIVing even of the non,Christian for certain them a real job to do, where other forms of service. We recognize that methods fail? now and then such a volunteer may not be as efficient or truly representa- "Captain of the college swimming team tive as we might wish, but may it not is an example. Until this year the Church be our duty to take some "risks" for or Y. M. C. A. hadn't been able to in- the sake of what the service renterest him in anything. We succeeded in dered may do for him who renders it? getting him to take a club of boys, and As a matter of fact, for one man who the effect this had upon him is shown

MEN AND FINDING

COLLEGE MEN CONDUCTING A BOYS' "GYM CLUB" AT WILLIAMSTOWN fails, one hundred men may rise up in some Christian workers the obstacles a new strength and astonish us with seem almost unsurmountable. But their earnestness and efficiency, and have you observed what has hapmay find God. pened to some obstacles in the path of progress during the past forty We know, intimately, one man years? In 1875, when "dreamers" whose whole viewpoint of religion said we could draw from the open air was changed through trying to teach an invisible force that would run our a class of foreigners English, even machinery, pull our trains and light tho the class failed after a few weeks. our cities; that we could record and The volunteer did not help the for- reproduce the human voice for the eigners very much, but he tried hard; pleasure and profit of mankind, people he will do better next time. He says: agreed they were crazy. In 1880, "Before I undertook this work the when other "dreamers" affirmed that only ideal I had in life was to make yellow fever could be conquered and all the money I could regardless of the death rate from tuberculosis and anyone. Now I don't care where typhoid cut in half; that torpedo I go or what the salary so long as it boats could speed safely and swiftly IS some place where I can help through fathoms under the sea; that others." horses would to a large extent give place to "horseless carriages," people Overcoming Impossibilities laughed in derision. In 1895, when men of science declared that messages There are difficulties in the way of using volunteers extensively, and to

would be sent through space along men, average men, of the· type preelectrical waves; that motion could be viously indicated have also been used continuously photographed and repro- in certain kinds of service with great duced in "moving pictures," many success. said, "Ridiculous, it can not be done." In I902 a few daring spirits affirmed Many churches and other religious that there would soon be "flying organizations are enlisting their memmachines" that could travel one hun- bers in successful volunteer service as dred miles an hour, and "wise ones" never before. In this way some of smiled. In I 909, when adventurers the "average men" in life are being claimed that the North and South afforded a real service-experience- Poles would be reached, it seemed and some of these ordinary men, like mere bravado. When China, the through service and the power of oldest and most absolute government, God, are being led into most extraorwas changed to a Republic, the whole dinary activity. world wondered. The more we discover and use All of 'these "dreams have con- these average men, delegating to them densed their misty substances into responsibility and authority, even tangible realities," because a few had with all their faults and weaknesses, faith in them. A few years ago we, trusting them and trusting God (who among others, thought it impossible is more anxious for them to "make to enlist hundreds of busy men, good" than we are), the more souls engineering students particularly, in will be won for the Kingdom! After volunteer service for industrial all, is there a man or older boy in workers, but there are now 4,000 whose heart there is not the capacity such students from 200 colleges ren- of response to the service appeal, if dering forty different kinds of in- that appeal is made in the right way? dustrial service each week. Besides Is it not a witness to the Divine in this, nearly 3,000 graduates who be- man, and should we not in this way came interested at college are now give God more of a chance and trust promoting the ideas and ideals of the Him to fan the spark into a flame? Industrial Service Movement of the Y. M. C. A. The types of service "Lead me, yea, lead me deeper into life; promoted by this Movement par- this suffering human life wherein Thou !iv'st ticularly appeal to college men. and breathest still, and hold'st Thy way di- Large numbers of the finest kind of vine. 'Tis here, 0 pitying Christ, where Christian men are used in this work. Thee I seek. Here where the strife is The character and Christian life of fiercest; where the sun beats down upon the the leader always counts more than highways thronged with men, and in the anything else. But other men–good raging mart. 0 deeller lead my soul into the living world of souls where Thou dost move."-Richard Watson Gilder.

Japan's Leadership In

BY ROBERT E. SPEER) NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Modern History," etc.

1I….rtHJ'……..'""'~IHE net judgment with which a Western race or nation would which we returned to be judged, unless the latter be held America, after three to a stricter accountability because of VISItS during seven their fuller light. months, is a judg- ment of increased re- Whoever seeks to view the Far East with an impartial mind to-day spect for Japan and for what she has will be imprest anew with the sigachieved and a deepened confidence nificance of the history which Japan in the worthy and better elements of has made. Of the Asiatic nations Japanese life and character. There she alone has thus far shown hersel f are circles both in the East and III capable of actually mastering and the West in which it is almost as absorbing the principles of efficiency much as a man's life is worth to which lie behind modern progress. express such a judgment as this, so The new civilization in Japan is deep is the feeling of racial distrust not merely imitative, but has been inof the Japanese and of suspicion of telligently absorbed as no other their political and commercial ambi- Asiatic nation has yet absorbed it. tions. Many times we have been frightened at the intensity of this The New in the Old feeling as we have encountered it at different points in the East. After what one has seen of the struggle for civilization in other Noone can complain of fair and Asiatic lands and of the danger of discriminating judgments, but what attempting to make tr:ansitions by frightens one in much of the prejudice breaches and over chasms, one appreagainst the Japanese is its unfairness ciates Japan's success in having and its lack of discrimination. moved from the old to the new with Courses of action pursued by America so little rupture and without the loss or Great Britain or Germany are of her own racial traditions and inviewed and judged in an entirely tegrity. The new has been grafted different light from similar courses on to the old not without blunders of action pursued by Japan. and some misshapen consequences, Japan's conduct is often considered a but in the main with wonderful skill matter of mere political expediency and success. or a cover of sinister purposes, while wrong done by Western nations is Japan has done better than any of too often condoned or lamented with the other Asiatic nations in presoft judgments. Wrong and right are serving good manners through such not affected by degrees of longitude. a transition. It is pitiful in some of Evil or unworthy actions on the part the Eastern lands to see how fully of the Japanese ought to be judged the old etiquette and courtesy have on precisely the same basis as that on passed away without the acquisition of such good manners as there may

still be left in the West. Japan is her example Japan could add inholding still to some of her old tra- fluences which would win the love ditions which she must transcend, but and confidence and good will of the she ought to be judged charitably if Asiatic peoples, the service which she she holds to them a little too long. might render to Asia and to the What can a nation build on except its world would be unlimited. But as past? The present history of Siam one travels about through Asia he shows how difficult it is to build up finds that while Japan is admired, a sense of national personality with- she is also feared. The other Asiatic out a living history. peoples complain that the Japanese are proud and overbearing, that they By grafting the new civilization on are seeking not to befriend and to her own racial life Japan has ren- guide but to overpower and dominate, dered a great service to the whole of to secure and monopolize the markets, Asia. It is true that the process has to promote the interests of Japan not been a perfect one. Every living alone and not to guard Asia for the experience of this kind is sure to be people of Asia or to seek the nobler mixed with crudities both of spirit end of fostering the brotherhood and and of form. Who should realize unity of all mankind. this better than Americans? But just as America set an example of inspira- If Japan could break down these tion and of hope to the peoples of the suspicions and free herself from all West, so Japan has done to the the influences which justify them and peoples of the East. They were in give her leadership unselfishly to the danger of slowly sinking into a sense Asiatic peoples it would be the beof racial incapacity, surrendering the ginning of a new day. hope that they could ever take a full place amid the serving, working, for- The Inspiration of Religion ward-moving. nations. Such a despair as this was itself sure to create its Only religion will be able to inown justification. And the strong spire ambitions like these in the heart nations have not been free from the of a nation and the old religions of error of schooling the backward Japan can neither give men such innations into the idea of their own spiration nor even produce these conincapacity, nor has the missionary ceptions in their minds. enterprise escaped from this reproach. But to treat either men or nations as Shinto is in the narrowest sense incapable of the highest is to dis- nationalistic and for purposes of qualify them for the highest. The nationalism even is now only a great need of the Asiatic peoples to- shadowy and receding force. Its day is that they should be steadily ritual has filled a large place in the heartened to believe that God has as coronation ceremonies, but it is a honorable and worthy work for them mere shell for departing ideas not to do as for any others. Japan's unwisely preserved, perhaps, until example has given such a heartening new and living ideas have more adeas this to all the Asiatic peoples. quately taken the place of the old. The Shinto shrines are kept in good If to the hope and inspiration of repair and to many of them in the holy places the people still throng,

16] JAPAN'S LEADERSHIP IN

but it is often with simply a holiday nation with penetrating and far-expurpose or as a rite of patriotism or tended influence. They have made a with a religious longing which would nation of readers. At the ricksha turn as readily to an image of Buddha stands the coolies read together while or to some symbol of animism. they wait. Messenger boys have their books in their pockets to read as Buddhism, broken into scores of they push their carts along the roads. sects, active in its propaganda, has It is claimed that more books are its huge temples and its millions of published and sold in Japan now adherents, but it has been badly each year than in Germany. For half damaged by notorious financial dis- a mile in one street in Tokio bookhonesty in its chief shrine, it can stalls, with new and second-hand not without logical contradiction fit books, line the street on either side. itself to the needs of a modern The yellow press, exceeding in irresociety, and in its effort to do so is sponsibility, in lack of historical perappropriating more and more of spective, in sobriety, in any conscious- Christian truth. One is imprest in- ness of the perils of its power, even our evitably by the splendor of the tem- yellow press in America, finds in all ples and the multitudes of people this mass of common men who are thronging about them, but two things now able to read a field where fire need to be kept in mind when we are can run as over a prairie. In the told of the activity and popularity of schools all classes meet together and Japanese Buddhism. One is that the in the democracy of their fellowship cleanness and good repair of the and of the truth which they are temples in Japan as compared with the taught forces are at work which must squalor and neglect of the temples slowly develop a new Japan and in so many other parts of Asia which will need the wisest guidance, may be due, not to any special if wise guides can be found to sucstrength of Buddhism, but merely to ceed the few survivors of the old the fact that everything is kept up men who have led Japan so successbetter in Japan than in other Asiatic fully along her amazing way. countries. The second is that the idea of amusement and recreation is One of the things which impresses more and more drawing crowds to one deeply as he comes to Japan the vicinity of the temples but is also from the Philippine Islands or China weakening and too often degrading is the tightness, the constriction, the' the old religious sensibilities. The close knit organization of life in best known of the Tokio temples is Japan. In spite of the license of the tenfold more now than twenty years press there is still a check upon free ago, the center of the amusement and expression. Japanese will often immorality of the city. lower their voices as they refer to some political or religious subject. A Nation of Readers Economically and socially also Japan seems to be completely set together, The processes of national educa- the paths to employment are clearly tion to which Japan whole-heartedly defined, the whole organization seems committed herself a generation and to be more nearly finished, with less more ago have wrought upon the

room for free play, for initiative, for schools or public halls or even in innovation. Buddhist monasteries. The secular newspapers are reporting now not The Japanese are beginning to feel only religious meetings where the disthis and are attributing some of it to cussions have had a semi-political the rigidity of their educational cast but purely evangelistic services mechanism. The great body of as well. An English paper in Tokio alumni of the different private uni- printed the account of the Emperor's versities resent the privileges of the birthday with a small caption and Imperial University caste and now immediately under it, with bolder that the head of one of these uni- capitals and in longer space, an acversities is Prime Minister and its count of the death of Dr. David Dean, Minister of Education, what Thompson, one of the older mismight be called educational liberalism sionaries. A few years ago it would is raIsing its hand against the not have been thought appropriate to routinism of the educational abso- overshadow with any other news a lutists who have controlled the whole reference to the Emperor's birthday school system of the nation. Many ceremonies, least of all with an' acare arguing that the traditional system count concerning a missionary, has simply bred specialized men, that the nation needs a great body of men N ever were Japanese Christians more freely educated and breathing bolder in telling their nation what it an ampler air, that there should be needs and where what it needs can more flexibility of mind and life, a be met. Dr. Uzawa, an elder in the release from the over-preCision and Church of Christ in Japan, and a bureaucracy of the past. leading lawyer of Tokio and a mem- ber of Parliament, stated in a pub- The Japanese are instinctively an lished article, "Does Japan need orderly, rule-obeying people and their Christianity?" effort at transition from a social mind in which they have been clamped to- "The main reason why Japan needs gether objectively, so to speak, by Christianity is to cast out her devils. the bonds of a highly organized There are some among us who fancy they order, to a new social crystallization have no devils to be exorcised of but they of self-directed, freely choosing in- are much mistaken. Even those who dividuals, is one of the most interest- pretend to be sinless and pure are none ing situations in racial psychology too good for Christianity. Buddhism has that can be conceived. taught us that when we think devils enter through our thoughts; when we Attitude Toward Christianity read, they enter through our mouth; when we pray, they enter through the Everywhere through Japanese life crown of the head; and thus evil spirits great changes are taking place. Among take advantage of everything we do, to these we rejoice most in the evidence get into us somehow; so that aU our deeds of the steady gain of Christianity and are more or less influenced by evil. But the altered attitude of the nation through Christianity come in the spirits toward it. Everybody notes the ease of good to defend the ego and prevent its with which Ch'ristianity can secure a defeat. hearing anywhere, in churches or "Christianity is the white corpuscle to

JAPAN'S LEADERSHIP IN ASIA

protect the soul's blood, and consequently is the only force capable of assisting us the whole man, from evil spiritual in- to overcome the counteracting gravita- fluences. It supplies the phagocytes be- tion of evil. Before its light and power fore which malign spirits flee. Without a the darkness and doubt of insistent religion of the right kind man is exposed pessimism disappear.

and hopelessly at odds with his environ- "If the world is to-day less pessimistic ment. Wil1 those among us, who fancy than it was, the improvement is largely they can do without religion, affirm that due to Christ. Two or three hundred we Japanese are as kind as we ought to years ago pessimism hung like a pall over be, or that we are as' thoughtful and the human spirit. The Buddhism of the serious as becomes a people with a great Kamakura period taught that this was destiny? The Buddhists of the Zen text the worst of all possible worlds, a place invite us to go to the central temple and of torment and affiiction, a veritable hell, learn to return to our true selves; but and that the only hope of happiness lay the true self in most of us is so marred beyond; the aim of life was to attain and maimed that it is hardly worth re- Buddhahood and reach Nirvana. The turning to. For most people the true spirit seems to have been world-wide, for sdf is completely gone-and only Christ Christianity, too, had to pass through the can restore it whole. same stage. Paradise was either in the "Some will say that I talk like a distant past or in the unseen future. But pleader, and that I so speak because I under the influence of Christianity the am a Christian. Well, I can hardly do human mind has so far developed and otherwise. I have been a Christian for brightened that men now look for para- twenty years, admittedly a very imper- dise on this earth, where nature is being fect one; but I owe so much to Christian- fast conquered and made to yield all the ity that I can hardly be expected to do delights that man can enjoy. It is only otherwise than plead for it. Vhen I say the irreligious that to-day have fear.

what this religion can do for a man, I They doubt whether nature is yet con- speak out of the seriousness and fulness quered.

of my own experience. "In Tokio the newspapers that tell "The Japan of to-day is absorbed by fortunes sell best. Multitudes are still abounding ambition; she is no longer con- away back in the age when nature was tent to remain an island empire; her man's master, and the earth a fearful career is to be continental and her future place to dwell in. But the spiritually en- world-wide. No such ambition can ever lightened know better. Christianity has be realized without the wise guidance taught them that heaven is' where Christ and firm faith which Christianity gives. is, and He is everywhere that man will No nation can make a universal appeal receive Him. I am convinced, therefore, without the inspiration of a universal re- that no nation can successfully enter in ligion. Those among us who imagine, world-wide hopes and ambitions without as is often asserted, that modern science the help of the Christian religion. This has eaten into the vitals of Christianity c0nviction has grown upon me more and like a canker, are greatly mistaken. more during the last twenty years, and Science has never undertaken to prove, I am extremely solicitous that my coun- nor can it prove, that Christ can not save. trymen should make no mistake about it; That man can not attain unto his best for no mistake could be more fatal either without religion is the teaching of all to the individual _or to the nation.. Both religions as well as of Christianity; but in my experience as a lawyer and as a the latter is the one power that has member of the Imperial Diet, I have been enabled men to come unto their best. It confirmed in my conviction ever more

and more. If I have been able to do more cently, arguing in behalf of a man for myself and my country than the who had committed murder and who, young men who went to school with me as the jailors recognized, had been and had the same chances in life, it has touched and changed by the influence been due to the help that Christianity has of the Gospel of Christ, boldly apgiven me. This religion has given me a pealed for the life of his client on spiritual courage that has carried me the ground that a new principle had triumphantly through many an adversity. come into his life, that he was no longer the old man who had com- "Our country is very successful at mitted the crime but had now been producing criminals and incorrigible made a new man, and he openly in youth. Why not now welcome an in- court explained to the judge the fluence that will make men? When I fundamental principle of Christianity consider all that my country has yet to and that process of redemption by do before coming to her own, I tremble which Jesus Christ, entering a man's to think of her undertaking it with her life, transforms his character and own strength. The defects of our edu- gives him a power of victory over cation and our social life are patent to sin that enables him to live by the all. We have to spend the greater part strength of God a new and pure life. of our early life obtaining an education, and then shortly after its completion we Thousands of men in Japanese retire from life's activity. Our system society who are not prepared themseems to be intended for those who ex- selves to test the Christian faith by pect to live to the age of about 125 years personal surrender and make· their and is therefore unsuitable to us, with own lives the gateway for the enthe possible exception of Count Okuma. trance of its power upon the life of Jesus Christ, in his short life of thirty- Japan are nevertheless quite candid three years, and with no university edu- in their declaration that it is this cation, did more for mankind than a power which Japan needs in the whole nation can do. Why? Simply strange days which have come upon because HiS' was the unconquerable her, wherein the old paths have faded spirit of the Divine, a spirit that every away and the old lights flickered out, man and every nation may have, if there and when the nation must find the be the will. highway of truth on which the Light of the WorId is shining. Heavy is "Nearly everything that is international the responsibility which those men and humane in modern life originated assume, whether in Japan or in Amerwith Christianity. Our hospitals, our ica, who talk of war or the possibility Red Cross societies, our international of war in an hour like this when the jurisprudence, our rescue work among whole mind and heart of the nation the poor and unfortunate, our education, need to be fixt upon the deep, spiritual and the general enlightenment of the problems of her own life and her world, all is but a combined reflection of great duty as the friend and helper the life of Jesus Christ. Through Him of her neighboring peoples. alone have we any hope of creating a paradise on earth, and making ourselves a people of permanence and great national destiny."

This is the same lawyer who re-

Gray In

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Auhor of "Mohammed or Christ," etc., etc.

N his book, "Thinking those in his Epistle to the Corinthians; "The things which the Gentiles sacrimI Black," Dan Crawford fice they sacrifice to demons and not has introduced us to to God, and I would not that ye should . the psychology of the have communion with demons." black man so as to give us a new angle of John was the Apostle of love and vision. The primitive mind seems, na- yet it was he who wrote in regard to turally, to think in black and white the Gospel message: "If anyone comrather than in gray. Perhaps our eth unto you and bringeth not this modern civilization has made us lose teaching, receive him not into your the power of sharp distinctions in the house and give him no greeting, for he world of thought. We are told that that giveth him greeting partaketh in one of the results of the war will be his evil works." Such intolerance is to teach men everywhere to think less impossible to those who think in terms superficially and more conclusively on of gray. moral questions. J ames does not hesitate to class the There is always a tendency to com- devils with those who deny the Deity promise in morals, and the same ten- of Christ (2 :19). And Jude speaks dency is evident in regard to the work of the false teachers in his day as of evangelization. God divided the "autumn trees without fruit, twice light from the darkness, not only in dead, plucked up by the roots . the world of nature but in the world wandering stars for whom the blackof grace. "This, then, is the mes- ness of darkness hath been reserved sage," says John, "which we have forever." heard of Him and declare unto you, that God is light and in Him is no More Positive Religion darkness at all. If we say we have fellowship with Him and walk in dark- Vhat we need to-day in missions is ness, we lie and do not the truth." less comparative religion and more The attitude of the apostles toward positive religion. It is possible to the non-Christian religions is not ex- dwell upon the tolerable things in prest in gray or twilight shades. Hinduism and the noble things in Is- There are no blurred edges to their lam even as one sifts out grains of convictions. "Sharp as a sickle is the gold from tons of earth, to the pracedge of shade and shine" in their tical exclusion of the social evils, the teachings. spiritual darkness and the spiritual death which dominate these systems. Straight Talk This was not the method of the Apostles. A recent writer in the In- What Paul thinks of idolatry is dian T¥itness put the fact in very forclear, not only from the first chapter cible language: "The wise general does of Romans, but from such words as not carefully search out the strong

spots in the fortress of his antagonist abandoning their traditions and the and then spend his time illuminating Koran in public and private discussion them with his searchlights. He finds and are appealing to the Scriptures. the weak spots and dwells on them Their appeal is often based on the inwith his heavy artillery. Let some of terpretation of those who think in our sages who are scholastic rather gray. A recent paragraph on the subthan practical prepare a list of the ject of Christ's Deity that appeared in things vitally antagonistic to Christian an Indian Moslem magazine, copied truth, then the men who are practical the arguments of modern Unitarians. rather than scholastic will be able to avoid scattering an ineffective effort An Arabic book published at Beirut and to concentrate on those things the three years ago is entitled "Heathen destruction of which by their fall will Doctrines in the Christian Religion." cause the fall of false faiths." It is by a Moslem who fancies that he has proved Christianity false by ap- To us who work among Moslems pealing to European critics of the detheir denial of Jesus Christ's mission, structive school. In Cairo the Moslem His Incarnation, His Atonement, His press quotes Unitarian interpretation Deity, are the very issues of the con- of New Testament doctrine as proof Bict. Almost spontaneously, there- against the New Testament Christ. fore, what might have been mere theo- The Christian who has no convictions logical dogma in the mind of the mis- in regard to the great fundamentals of sionary turns into a deep spiritual con- Christianity is easily led to treat Isviction, a logical necessity and a great lam as a sister religion and all Mospassion. Face to face with those who lems as seekers after God in their own deny our Savior and practically defy way. If there is no real distinction Mohammed, one is compelled to think between creation and evolution, if in black and white. The challenge of there was no miracle at Bethlehem the Muezzin is a cry of pain; it hurts. and only a martyrdom on Calvary, we In the silence of the night one can not may patiently await the future develhelp thinking that it pleased the Father opment of Islam on the right lines. that in J eSllS Christ should all fulness In that case the missionary is no dwell, not in Mohammed. Face to longer a proclaimer of the truth but face with Islam one can not help ask- a seeker after truth. He is no longer ing what will be the final outcome of an architect and builder but a geolo- Christian Unitarianism. In the history gist looking for fossil specimens in old of Islam its monotheism has always strata to complete his collection of degenerated into some form of panthe- things once alive but now dead. ism or deism. "The great obstacle," writes an ex- When Moslems assert that the Gos- perienced misionary from India, "in pel is corrupted and untrustworthy, the way of the success of the Gospel the missionary can find no help in de- in non-Christian lands is not the atstructive criticism. One wonder~ titude of the people or the inherent whether the great conflict between Is- difficulties of the work but the tenlam and Christianity will not have to dency on the part of missionaries to be fought out between the covers of be judges instead of advocates, with a the Bible. They themselves are desire to hold the balances of truth

SELF-EXILED IN

rather than wield its sword." There different explanations; that the healcan be no neutrality in a war for the ing of the sick was faith-healing, the Kingdom which has no frontiers. stilling of the storm, coincidence, the feeding of the five thousand a mis- The effect of thinking in gray is in- represented sacrament, the withering evitable on the messenger as welI as of the fig tree a misrepresented paraon his message. Twilight life is not ble, the raising of Lazarus a case of conducive to spiritual health. Ve premature burial, and so on." need the full blaze of the light of the glory of God in the face of Jesus A mutilated Gospel can only mean Christ. His authority must be su·· a mutilated spiritual life. When we preme in the intellectual sphere. His walk in the light we do not mix colors. belief of the Old Testament scriptures There is a noble intolerance in the and His statement that "they can not very words used so often by the be broken" leaves only one alternative; Apostle John: light-darkness, truth if we reject them, we reject Him also. -lie, life-death, God-devil. The It is not hard to accept the miracles of effect of thinking in gray always leads the Old and New Testament if we to compromise, and where there is accept- the miracle in the first chapter compromise there is indecision. Men of Genesis and the greater miracle in have opinions instead of convictions; the first chapter of John's Gospel. As they join Erasmus in his study rather R. L. Knox says in his brilliant book than Luther nailing his theses to the Some Loose Stones: door of the cathedral. But Luther would have made a better foreign "Orthodox theology explains all the missionary than Erasmus, especially in miracles recorded of our Savior under these days when so many in the one single hypothesis that He was Christian and non-Christian world are omnipotent God. But the enemy of thinking in gray. miracle is forced to give a variety of Self-Exiled In America SOMETHING ABOUT THE HINDUS IN CALIFORNIA BY MISS LEE M'CRAE, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA ~I T was rather startling seemed strangely out of place in the to have five black- new world. bearded Hindus on bi- cycles speed past the Between twenty and thirty of them door of our home ill live on the outskirts of the town, and the little inland. college about twice that number live in the town in the lower left-hand corner Los Angeles Hindu colony, and as of the United States. Their old- many more in and around Sacraworld, white, black, pink and yellow mento. tt1rbans flashing in the California sun Big, black "birds of passage" are they! No more may come to the

United States from India under the and an iron disc of peculiar signifi- present laws. These have come solely cance, which is stuck into their coil of for the two dollars a day that they hair.

can earn instead of the sixteen cents N egative-"N0 smoking; do not a day in India. As soon as each has murder; avoid bald-headed men; accumulated his fortune of a thou- avoid the circumcised; have nothing sand dollars he will return to his wife to do with idols"-except the sacred and children, to live at ease for the Granth, which is decorated and WOf- rest of his days. Only one of those shiped.

located in our town claims to be a When asked about their faith they Christian. One has his wife with reply that they believe "whateyer is him, and he alone can speak English recorded in the Granth"-their Bible, with any accuracy. Therefore, they written by Govind, the tenth guru Of must dwell in colonies or wage-earn- leader. As the "Granth" is written ing groups. Two have leased a tract in old Hindi, one who does not un- of land here and are making good derstand it is as much at sea as ever.

progress in cultivating the soil. They do not wish to give information.

These people show their fear of The positive commands are evi- Christian influence by their suspicion dently designed to keep them a pecu- and protests against every kindness liar people. Their hair, never cut, from Americans. This· often amounts often reaches the knee in length and to base ingratitude. Christians have makes a heavy coil about which to repeatedly offered them schooling, but wrap the distinctive cloth. Yellow they have no wish to learn English and white are the religious colors and -save enough words to do business are most commonly worn, but black -and will have none of the English or any color is admissible. An Ameri- Bible. can hat signifies a total rejection of In spite of this, a meeting is held the Sikh religion.

for them every Sunday afternoon in Every Sikh is also bitterly opposed the Congregational Church, where to the use of tobacco in any form, tho Dr. A. B. Caldwell, a returned mis- they are about equally divided on the sionary from India, preaches in their liquor question.

own tongue to those who will come As wage-earners in orchards, gar- and listen. Sometimes he has an au- dens and houses the Sikhs seem to dience of five, occasionally eight, and give entire satisfaction here, being at other times none at all. Many industrious, skilful, not dissipated, come for advice and help in letter- and, necessarily, quiet.

writing, legal matters, and the like, It seems strange to walk the streets so that the Doctor makes the most of of America and to meet these stran- his opportunity and has acquired gers eye to eye and realize that a gre:l~ some influence over them. curtain of superstition has shrouded The Hindu Sikhs hold tenaciously their needy, lonely lives from Gospel to five positive and five negative sunlight. They move among us with tenets: eyes and ears and tongues and hearts, Positive-Adherence to long hair, yet they neither see nor speak nor a bangle, a comb, short pantaloons, hear nor feel the joy of it all.

for Speakers and

GLEANINGS FROM THE LAYMEN'S CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON Make the demands of the Gospel How One Pastor Does It difficult and you make Christianity triumphant.-fohn R. M ott. I. Preaches missions persistently. 2. Enlists key men and keeps them *** alive. 3. Undertakes large things chal- Why should not men go into the lenging the support of men. business of Christ and the Church 4. Secures good live missionaries as with the same interest in spiritual speakers. profits as they go into the lumber or 5. Forms mission study classes. banking or other business. -George 6. Prays persistently and intelli- Inness. gently. 7. Prints letters from mission- *** aries in the bulletin. 8. Keeps at work continuously. Has not the church of Christ as compelling an appeal as that which Chas. A. Rowland. calls millions of men to the colors in Europe-(1) a great cause; (2) a *** compelling appeal; (3) an example of sacrifice; (4) an unquenchable faith A Ten Point Standard in the justice of that for which they are contending.-N. W. Rowell. The Northern Baptists have adopted a ten point missionary stand- *** ard for local churches : A man may live one of three types 1. A church missionary committee. of life. (1) an evil, selfish life; (2) 2. Presentation of missions from a Christian life for normal times; or the pUlpit. (3) a Christian life for times of 3. Mission study classes organized. emergency. Christ lived the third 4. Missionary prayer meeting for kind of a life.-S. D. Gordon. the Church. S. Missionary literature distributed. *** 6. Women's missionary organiza- tion. The trouble with much of our missionary work is that we are relying 7. Missionary education in the Suntoo much on money and men, on the forces of the world and the wisdom day-school. of the world and do not rely enough 8. Intelligent prayer for missions. on God.-Robert E. Speer. 9. Local missionary service. TO. The every member canvas. *** fohn M. Moore.

We need to establish chairs of *** Christianity in our colleges and we need a medical college in which no The Southern Presbyterian Church professor will be allowed to teach who publishes a roll of honor of churches is not a Christian and fitted to train giving as much for others as they medical missionaries.-f. Campbell spend on themselves-Chas. A. Row- White. land.

an American Saw In Asia*

BY WILLARD PRICE Managing Editor of the World Oullook.

I saw a million handkerchiefless children. I saw hundreds of villages in which the community handkerchief, modern sanitation, was absolutely unknown. I saw glittering Oriental cities, the pride of the East, and under the shining lacquer and gold paint I saw suffering and filth and want such as no man can describe. I saw rotting bodies, empty minds, naked souls. I saw Disease, stalking up alleys, wading ankle-deep through garbage to enter the doors of the people. I saw, in one land, the stains of parental vice on the skin of two out of five of the children. I saw a mother selling her babies that their older brothers might not die of starvation. I saw pallid factory girls of twelve and even ten years of age, who worked thirteen hours a day, seven days a week, standing constantly while at work, and received a pittance of a third of a cent per hour. This, moreover, in a mill advertised a's the "model factory of the Orient!" I saw things which I have not the heart to set down and you would not have the heart to read. I saw life in its lowest terms.

AND YET- I saw love in its highest terms. I saw Christ yearning over Asia. I saw the response of Korea to that yearning. A nation turning to Christianity at the rate of three thousand conversions a week! I saw the dawning of a new China, not in the political kaleidoscope, but in the spiritual changes which have led to the abolishment of opium, have brought six thousand of China's strongest leaders to accept Christ, and induced idol-makers to turn to the making of busts for show windows because their old business has proved unprofitable. I saw a three-hundred-year-old statue of Buddha, and almost in its lap an impertinent three-year-old automatic telephone booth. The ancient religions . of the East are being found wanting and cast aside. I saw the mission schools from which the Chinese Government has selected the first ten girls to be sent to American colleges under the Boxer Indemnity Fund. They were the best-equipped ten that could be found in China. All were graduates of mission schools; all were Christians. I saw hundreds of closed shops on Sunday. Neighboring them I saw hundreds' of open shops, consuming all the Sunday business. Every closed store was owned by a Christian-not a "rice Christian," but a real Christian, whose pocket had no rule over his conscience. I saw a beaten man board our ship at Wuhu and heard him teII of the crushing overburden of medical work that had kilIed his predecessor and was killing him. I saw everywhere undermanned hospitals, undermanned schools, under- manned churches; a missionary force powerful in quality, petty in quantity. I saw Asia, sore, ragged and dulI, with her foot on the threshold of the house of Christ, hoping for an invitation to enter. I saw, upon returning to America, a rich and happy nation, eager and generous to a fault, but unthinking, storming the movie theater, swallowing the lump in their throat for pity of the ragged child in the play–while Asia waits .

• Adapted and abridged from the World Outlook for JU11e

Movements

– Students in China * BY W. E. TAYLOR, PH.D. National Secretary, Young Men's Christian Association HE year 1914 marked a to the Christian cause. The provincemT step forward in the ex- tension of the evangelis- wide effort showed conclusively that a tic student movement province could be reached as effectively from the large cities out as a city, provided the Christian forceS' unite and plan wisely. In Foochow as a . • through the smaller citieS' result of the meetings a permanent for- of a province. The new development was ward evangelistic movement committee limited to the one province of Fukien in has been appointed to represent the united order to make the work typical and thor- missions and Chinese churches in aggres- ough. Fukien was chosen, with its dense sive evangelistic effort to reach and hold population of thirty million, because of the student classes. A three-year pro- its proportionately large Christian popu- gram has been adopted, covering the lation, its preparedness in city experience three lines of evangelism, cultivation of .in its· capital of Foochow, its strong atti- Christian friendship, and social service.

tude of united effort-the three missions Secretaries have been appointed by each of the province working together in full- mission who have released their best men est harmony, and its farsighted and gen- to give their whole time to the study and erouS' provision of local and provincial direction of this work. The movement supervision. All of these were consid- thuS' gives promise of becoming continu- ered to be conditions essential to the se- ous and permanent.

curing of large and permanent results. A The first results of the meetings con- notable and encouraging feature of the ducted through China in 1914 have been provincial movement was the fact that gratifying to a very high degree.. They the four student evangelistic leaders give promise of large and permanent chosen to lead the meetings in the ten fruitage, provided the early efforts are secondary cItIes of the province were not allowed to be dissipated. Over 20,000 Chinese, men of recognized outstanding students from non-Christian schools and personality and Christian leadership. colleges exprest their willingness to These included Mr. C. T. Wang, former become "investigators" of Christianity.

vice-president of the first Republican Twelve thousand have been enrolled in Senate, now general secretary of the Bible classes. Those who signed cards Young Men's Christian Association were not "inquirers" in the ordinary ac- movement in China; Pastor Ding Li-mei, cepted sense of the word, since the hear- the founder and leader of the Student ers had had little or no previous exposure Volunteer movement in China, and to Christian truth. They exprest their others. These men, well and favorably willingness "to investigate Christianity known to students throughout China, with open mind and honest heart." The presented a powerful message in a way sincerity of their promise is shown by in which no foreigner could. The finding, the fact that a large proportion ultimately using and training of strong Chinese joined the Bible classes. Provision was evangelists is one of the great contribu- made for more advanced decision after tions which the new movement is making members of classes had been under in- * From The Student World.

struction for an extended period of from year in this one city 530 of the members three to six months, in order to give the of classes have exprest their decision to more serious-minded an opportunity to become Christians and their desire to decide to begin to follow Jesus Christ. attend the churches. These men are lit- Where the classes were efficiently and erally standing at the church doors. The faithfully conducted the results have been first and later results of the meetings sllrprizingly large. In the city of Hang- have clearly shown that the student field chow over five hundred students were en- of China is ripe for harvest. The unrolled in Bible classes following the limited opportunities offered by the open meetings. At the end of six months a and responsive attitude of the more seridecision meeting was held, led by Mr. ous-minded of the student classes is offset C. T. Wang. One hundred sixty-one by the admitted unpreparedness of many students exprest their purpose to begin of the churches. The serious and pressthe Christian life. One hundred twenty- ing problem now facing the movement is three of these came from thirteen non- not so much how to reach the non-Chris- Christian government schools and col- tian student classes. The important and leges and ten others who made the Chris- critical question is how can the churches tian decision were teachers in the govern- be got ready so as to hold and teach and ment institutions. Encouraged by the train and use these new, large, potential forces for good and leadership now response and results of the decision within her reach. The movement has meeting, a Christianity Discussion Club revealed that, along with extensive outwas formed by leading Chinese, including reach, there must be coordinated the inthe Commissioner of Foreign Affairs tensive preparation of the churches and from the Governor's yamen. He had the training of the Christian forces. made Christian decision at the meetings conducted by Mr. Eddy. The club was In spite of the revealed unpreparedness organized with a view to reaching offi- and weakness of the churches, distinct cials' and principals and teachers of non- progress has been made in some centers Christian schools. This club meets, about in placing the first responsibility for the forty in number, twice a month for an care of the student inquirers upon the hour of Bible study and discussion. It is churches, where it properly belongs, noteworthy that this influential group of rather than upon the committee formed non-Christian seekers after the truth to originate the movement. In the earlier have invited Professor Zia Hung-Iai, the years of the movement the Bible classes well-known Christian writer and transla- for signers of cards were held mostly tor, to lead the discussions of the club, outside the churches. This was done and have constituted the local pastors as partly because of possible lack of underhonorary members. standing and prejudice of the non-Chris- tian students and partly because pastors The ability to hold and conserve the and laymen were inexperienced and emearly results of the meetings is evidenced barrassed in Christian work with the new by the experience of the Christian committee in Foochow in their remarkable student classes. In the last series of success and progress in enrolling students meetings the policy was accepted of havin Bible classes and later leading them ing the signers of cards join c1ass'es imon to Christian decision. In the meetings mediately after the meetings within the held in Foochow in 1913 20 per cent. various churches. In some cases indiof those who signed cards at the evan- vidual churches failed in their responsigelistic meetings were enrolled in Bible bilities. The aggregate gain, however, classes. After the meetings of 1914 60 in getting the non-Christian students imper cent. were enrolled. During the past mediately into touch with the churches

EVANGELISTIC MOVEMENTS AMONG STUDENTS IN CHINA

and the acceptance by the pastors of re- are especially so at this time in China sponsibility for their care has marked a to influences which come to them with distinct advance. the weight and authority of Western scholarship, either real or fancied, be- Some of the direct and most immediate cause the "old learning" of China has results of the meetings and the movement been so seriously discredited. have already been indicated. The im- portance of these should not be disre- There is a notable lack of opposition garded or underestimated. It is nothing to Christianity among students in China less than marvelous that to-day, after a at the present time. Confucianism is still decade of special effort, hundreds of gov- asleep. Buddhism has little hold on the ernment students in China are baptized, educated classes. Taoism is still more with many more literally standing at the disorganized. This leaves the field for doors of the Church, and thousands are the moment practically free from all opgrouped together in Bible classes open posing elements such as are able to offer to Christian influence, where it is given any organized resistance to Christianity. in the spirit of genuine friendship and But Confucianism, Buddhism, and even helpfulness. This actual and visible Taoism, are not likely to remain permaachievement of reaching the hitherto un- nently inactive. There are already signs reached classes, the traditional Gibraltar of their being galvanized into action by of the Far East, is' nothing less than one contact with the vigorous forces which of the greatest of modern miracles. now confront them. It is not unlikely that the government, from national and There are indirect results as well which patriotic motives, will espouse one or are vast and far-reaching. The success more of these weaker religions, possiof the movement must not be judged only bly through the government educational by the number of men gathered into the system, which now offers its unhindered Church. There are other results, not at approach to Christianity. It is not imfirst visible or tangible, which are, never- probable that a decade from now it will theless, real and significant. One of the by a restrictive system of requirement chief of these is the fact that the move- exclude the Christian religion if possible ment has created a new atmosphere, and from all influence over students in govopened a new field of thought among ernment schools. It will thus follow the the educated non-Christian classes. The early example of Japan's policy toward Christian addresses of the student leaders missionary education in Korea, explainboth in China and from abroad have pre- ing pointedly their determination to carry sented the Christian truths in a striking out their plans as to education withway and have appealed to the student out foreign interference or ass'istance. mind and conscience. They have demonstrated once more the power of the Gos- The Chinese student stands to-day in pel to draw men to Christ. The move- a perilous moral condition. The weakment has promoted a more careful study ening of the old-time methods of reof the Chinese student mind and environ- straint, together with the grasping after ment. It has become increasingly clear a lot of unassimilated and misunderstood that knowledge of these conditions is es- Western ideas, and the attempt to put sential to effective effort directed to influ- some of these into practise, is exposing encing permanently the thought and life the young men, and student classes espeof these classes. Foremost among the cially, to new and great perils. The closcharacteristics of the Chinese student is ing of schools on Sunday, following the the evident impressionability of the pres- Wesrern practise without the correspondent generation. Impressionable as are ing motive or objective, tends to leave students of all countries generally, they idle a large body of students, so that

their fall into sin becomes more easy. classes, who have been imprest with the The closer study and better understand- splendid spectacle of a united and uning of the Chinese student mind and en- broken Christian movement. This unity vironment has its obvious and important has not been nominal or mechanical; it lessons to the leaders of the Christian has been vital. movement designed to reach and hold these classes. The feeling of doubt about Bible study has been found to be the their own religious position has brought most fruitful center of evang~listic effort, about an open-mindedness on the subject and the most fruitful source in leading of Christianity that forces Christian lead- men to ultimate Christian decision. The ers, both in China and at home, to take ordinary Bible classes with regular immediate steps to grasp adequately what courses have not been found sufficient may be a passing opportunity. The fact for this purpose. Bible study with a that Chinese educationalists are already definite evangelistic objective has been forging ahead in the establishment of promoted. Special courses of study have schools and the publication of text-books been selected and prepared. Bible trainin which religion is left out challenges ing schools have been held in various Christian leaders to take immediate steps sections of the country. Individual Bible to offset the lack 0 f moral training that schools in a city have been coordinated will necessarily result. There is a real to form a city-wide Bible study moveand urgent demand for specialists to come ment. The secret of the rapid growth to China to assist directly and indirectly and assimilation by the churches of the in the formation of new moral ideals and new movement is due largely to the emreligious aspirations among Chinese stu- phasis which has been placed on the dents. Innumerable opportunities now study of the Bible. offer themselves to groups of young students in government schools waiting for Prayer is revealing a new meaning to the friendship and counsel of a true many and is another sign of far-reachfriend who will help them in the solution ing significance. Success or failure will of their moral and religious problems. depend finally on whether the Church is a praying Church. intercession has been The movement has shown the feasibil- found indispensable and powerful in acity, the practicability and the necessity complishing results that were humanly of genuine Christian unity in evangelis- speaking impossible. Through prayer tic work in a new country which will combined with hard work miracles have be wide enough to include all classes. been periormeJ in China. The work There has been in China in the progress accomplished in the larger cities during of the evangelistic movement to reach the past decade has given birth to other students a distinct development of the movements in many ways and in various cooperative spirit. There has been a places. "Pu-tao" (the Chinese word for closer working relationship between ec- evangelism) is the topic of the time clesiastical families. There has been a among all classes. China is ready. The drawing together of Chinese and foreign Church in China is awakened, aroused workers. Pastors and laity have united to her opportunity, unprepared but willwith a common purpose. A real and ing to go forward. Missions are sympadeepening Christian unity has found ex- thetic but handicapped by the lack of pression in facing a common problem of suitable evangelistic workers. The situaextraordinary magnitude. This new tion in China should constitute a call to sense of unity has been an inspiration student volunteers and other candidates to the Church. It has also had apologetic who are ready to respond to the great, value affecting the non-Christian student open opportunity to reach the coming leaders of a mighty people.

DEDADTMENT

OF '

BEST METHODS ' ,CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK BEST METHODS FROM MANY MISSIONARY WORKERS HE number of Christian A Mid-summer Missionary Pilgrimage fTl workers in the home- In a letter to auxiliaries sent ant in land who give time aud April, 1915, Miss Julia C. Emery. sec- retary of the Woman's Auxiliary to the strength and money to Board of Missions of the Protestant _ the cause of missions is . constantly on the in- Episcopal Church, asked that wherever crease. These workers are not con- possible missionary garden parties be fined to anyone country nor to anyone held at summer resorts. In response to denomination and are found in the small this, the Woman's Auxiliary of the Dio- rural congregations no less' than in the cese of North Carolina held an out-of- great city churches, Their number is doors meeting in August which, tho not legion and they are doing everything that a garden party, was so profitable and so consecrated ingenuity can suggest to ad- enjoyable that it might well serve as a vance the cause of Christ. model for similar gatherings in other A vision of this great multitude of parts of the country. At our request workers with their hands on the ropes Miss Claudia IN. Hunter of Henderson, (to borrow Carey's metaphor) is the North Carolina, has sent us an account best possible antidote for discouragement. of it.

Working away in our own small corners, "Last summer, when Miss Emery asked often against almost insurmountable ob- each diocese to arrange for garden par- stacles in the way of ignorance, indiffer- ties at summer resorts, we in the Diocese ence, and opposition, we are apt to forget of North Carolina wondered what we that ours is but one small division of the could do, as we have neither seacoast whole vast army working for God, What nor mountains," she says. "However, the knowledge of the 7,000 who had not we held two very successful out-of-door bowed the knee to Baal was to Elijah at meetings, one of ~ch was at ViIliams- Carmel, a vision of these great hosts boro, the first 'See City' in the state, but should be to us. now an almost deserted village. St.

Through the large number of mission- John's, the oldest church building in the ary magazines and letters from mission- diocese, is here, and the old house where ary workers that come to our desk we the first Bishop of North Carolina re- get inspiring glimpses of these hosts sided. So it was really a pilgrimage to at work for missions. In April we an historic place.

shared with our readers some of the best "Over one hundred and fifty men, things in the magazines. This month we women and children came, enjoyed a de- give some of the tried and tested meth- licious and bountiful picnic dinner, met ods that have come in letters. old and ncw fricnds, and disctlst the

great missionary enterprise. Eight of agreed to make it an annual occasion, and the nine Branches within a radius of people from all over this part of the fifty miles were represented, and people state who have some association with the came in buggies, carriages and automo- old church and village have exprest a biles from four counties and over the desire to be present." Virginia line. Playing at Missions "At eleven o'clock the company assem- bled in the old church and the Rev. Lewis Playing at missions-not in the way N. Taylor of Stovall and Townesville, condemned by Doctor Duff-is a fine held a short devotional service with spe- method of work with children. It is cial prayer that the members of the built on solid pedagogical principles and Woman's Auxiliary, being taught to pray, has often produced good results. After might pray prevailingly for the coming Pliny Fisk went as a missionary to the of the Kingdom; that in the Branches Holy Land, his little niece Fidelia began represented, young men and women to play that she, too, was a missionary might listen to the call to the mission passing through experiences similar to field; and that not one cent of the $400,- those described in his letters. This un- 000 emergency fund might be lacking in doubtedly helped to confirm the impulse the Lord's storehouse when the end of planted in her heart by his going, and to the month should come. Four brief ad- make her the great missionary she be- dresses on missionary topics followed, came in after years. and at twelve o'clock Mrs. T. W. Bickett, of Louisburg, led the noonday prayer. Not long ago we had the privilege of reading a quaint little letter written to "At one o'clock dinner was served out- the secretary of a woman's board by a of-doors. After this, all walked through shut-in, "seventy or 5'0 years young," who the village, past the old home of the first has been unable to walk for the past Bishop and on to a mighty oak by the eight years. Believing that it will help wayside, where a simple missionary play many mothers, we have secured the per- –'St. Luke's Hospital, Tokyo'-written mission of the writer to print it on condi- for the occasion, was presented by a tion that we do not reveal her identity. group of Juniors. It was most pictur- esque and realistic with 'Doctor Rudolph "You ask what I know about mission- Teusler' (a splendid six-foot, sixteen- ary garden parties," the letter says. tel year-old boy) in regular surgeon's uni- don't know anything about the modern form; 'Anaki San' in regulation nurse's kind. I used to have them years ago, just garb, and Bible women and patients in to get the children and young girls to- gay-colored Japanese kimonas. At the gether on our beautiful 'Shorelands' (we close there was a strong appeal to the had forty acres) and because we could Juniors of North Carolina to raise funds be more comfortable than in a house. for the Children's Ward at St. Luke's. "I really believe those parties of mine "At three o'clock the Rev. L. N. Taylor were the magnet that draw 'Our Girls' again led the prayers in the church, read- and my 'Little Missionaries.' It was a ing most impressively from the Chancel queer idea, I suppose, but different parts Bishop Lloyd's 'Ideal' for the Woman's of the grounds were supposed to be dif- Auxiliary and dismissing the company ferent countries, which we visited and with the blessing Bishop Lloyd used at helped according to our ability. In ,the close of the triennial me~ting, 'God Africa we were without food, excepting bless you; God keep you; God use you!' as we found things that looked inviting. My good old Ellen would hide tempting "The day had been so profitable and slices of bread and butter in the trees, so pleasant that it was unanimously and we discovered bread fruit and were

DEPARfMENT OF BEST METHODS

kept from starving. A creek ran through the house and cut out s'ufficient work for the grounds and a good missionary us to begin on. I had thought we might landed on our shores and taught us. I meet once a month, but no-once a week really think my boys and girls learned a was what they wanted. good deal in this rural way. "Names were suggested, such as Busy "I wonder if I could have held them Bees, Helping Hand, etc., but I said together in as loving a way if I had man- let's call our little society simply 'Our aged with red tape. I doubt it. One of Girls.' The day before I left that old my girls (now a grandmother) says I home on a Thursday in June, we celetaught her all she knew about the brated our twentieth anniversary and Church. And one of my boys, who now had never omitted a meeting except occupies a prominent position, wrote me Christmas week in all those years. We a little time ago that he could never for- had organized on June 26, 1880, and get all I had taught him. I am telling on the 26th of last June, our thirty-fifth you thiS', dear friend, because I am sure anniversary, 'Our Girls' sent me $35 for my homely way did bring results, and the room that bears my name in a famous now I am so crippled, I am glad that I missionary hospital in the Orient. Do have not lived in vain. I am not writing you wonder that I love them? in a boasting way. It seems to me that if I had health and strength and those "One day, when we had been at work forty acres of beautiful woodland, I some time, one of them said to me, might be able to have real missionary 'Mrs. –, why didn't you begin with garden parties. I only wish I could have us long ago?' This led me to see what I done more, but that time is all past." could do with the younger children. So the following Sunday I asked the little The boys and girls thus trained did ones in my infant class how many would more than play at missions-they worked meet me on Saturday morning and help hard, too. In response to our request for me dress dolls for a Christmas tree? more information we have received the Every hand went up. Of course, I did following letter, which can hardly fail not place much weight upon such a promto be an inspiration to workers with chil- ise, and I thought as I already had 'Our dren. The opportunity for primary Girls' I would calI these younger ones teachers herein revealed is so great that 'Little Women.' On Saturday morning we wish it might be calkd to the atten- there were 93 children to meet me, 46 tion of many: of them boys! This stopt the name I had chosen, so they became my 'Little "For years I had a fine Sunday-school Missionaries.' Those two societies really class (the infants) and taught them as were the beginning of our Junior Auxil- I pleased. One day as I came from iary. My, how I did love them, and how church I met two girls who had been in I do love them! my infant class, but had gone to another church. I questioned them and found "Before the end of the second year they had gone there because there was my Little Missionaries had sent out six nothing for them to do in our church. boxes and were at work on supplies for This made me think, and on Thursday of a missionary hospital-boys as well as that same week I gathered ten girls at my girls hemming sheets and sewing up the home and interested them in missions. seams of pillow cases. I remember that I I had once met a worker from the South offered a prize of a silver thimble to the and remembered how she was struggling best sewer, and a boy won it! It was to support and care for a colored hospi- given to his mother and proved to be tal in her home town. I had some cotton the only silver thimble she had ever flannel and some unbleached muslin in owned. That boy is now a B.A., and

a professor of mathematics in a school. beside a river known to the salmon. 'The "I never lost my boys. I had a junior White Man of Uganda' went with her, and when the cook was wanting some- St. Andrew's Brotherhood, and from that thing to read this was given him. 'He they went into the real Brotherhood." was a brave man,' was' his quiet remark when he handed it back. Providing for Sunday "This sister took her missionary spirit Providing Sunday occupation for the with her. Finding neither Sunday- school nor Sunday service of any children when packing one's trunk for a kind in the nearby settlement, she 'did her bit.' The three ladies in camp, a summer outing is a method of the very Methodist, a Presbyterian, and a Church of England, called on the most possible best sort. Some suggestions along this leader (formerly a Baptist) and secured her promise to be superintendent. The line have come to us in a letter from next Sunday a small Sunday-school was organized in the station house. This Miss Minnie M. Bell, of Halifax, Nova grew into a school of about thirty before camp broke, and this season when the Scotia, secretary of the supply commit- salmon run we shall hear whether it is still in existence. In the meantime books tee of the Nova Scotia and Newfound- and papers have been sent by those interested." land Branch of the Women's Missionary A Missionary Demonstration Day Society of the Canadian Methodist A year or so ago a Missionary Demon- Church. stration Day was held in Zion Lutheran Church, Williamsport, Maryland, which "The game, 'Who's Who in Missions' enlisted all the missionary organizations of the church, seven in number, the obalways goes in my trunk when we are ject being not only to present the work of the organizations', but to arouse interoff for a holiday," says Miss Bell. "For est among the country members of the congregation. The program was in two several years my sister and I spent our sections-one for the afternoon, the other for the evening, with a box lunch summer outings with a friend-the and social in between. We are indebted to Mrs. D. U. Bair, who was largely mother of two children-and during instrumental'in planning the demonstra- tion, for an account of it. those years these children developed The class rooms of the Sunday-school into young manhood and womanhood. room were used as booths by the various organizations, their circular arrangement As our party was congenial, we always making them especially adapted to this purpose. In the center of each booth tried to find some out-of-the-way spot, there was a table with literature for' free distribution, and on the walls were motaway from the beaten track. toes and banners with statistics strikingly portrayed. Over the entrance to each "From the first we endeavored to there was a placard with the name of the make the Sabbath days as interesting as possible and tried to keep the Fourth Commandment. So we were always on the outlook for Sunday games. The first year we had 'Who's Who'-1912; we played it by distributing the cards, and after reading what was underneath we would cover the printed matter and hold the picture up. The one who guessed correctly secured the card.

"In the winter of 1912-13 the game went with us on a trip to the West Indies. In Bermuda we boarded in a house where there was a large family.

On leaving, we gave our game to the daughter and hope that through it some seeds were sown in the many Dannies of the house. .

"Another sister of mine went last sum- mer to the unbeaten paths of New Bruns- wick, where her husband has a camp

16] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

organization and the date of its origin. The women were followed by workers These were as' follows: from each organization in turn bearing Woman's Home and Foreign Mission- placardS' with statistics, which they hung ary Society-1875. in their respective hooths. These statis- tics, so strikingly displayed, made a deep Young People's Missionary Society- impression. They were very instructive; 1881. and so arranged as to make a distinct personal appeal. The Cradle Roll pla- Mission Band-1891. card, carried by a mere baby, read: Cradle Roll-1897. Home Department-1903. Helpers' Circle-1905. Mission Study Club-1907.

The program opened with "From WE WILL HELP SOME Greenland's Icy Mountains," played on DAY the organ, while an unseen person recited the hymn with fine effect. Then 3,836 Cradle Roll Babies came a processional of workers, who General Synod, took their places in the different booths, Lutheran Church the organ meanwhile continuing the The program proper began in the hymn. The processional was led by a woman's booth by the president, who set boy bearing this placard, which he hung forth the object of Demonstration Day. in the woman's booth: Then there was a bright little dialog, HELP "How the Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Society Won the Young La- the 144,000,000 Women of dies," by the Young People's Society; an India effective little play, "Tired of Missions,"

After this came women at intervals by the Mission Band; and a chapter from bearing the following placards, which a book showing how babies in all lands were als'O hung in the woman's booth: were drest and bathed and cared for, by the Cradle Roll.

WE ARE HELPING During the supper hour which fol- 724 Woman's Societies lowed, the ladies, by previous appoint- ment, kept the conversation largely on in the the subject of missions. The placards General Synod placed in the lunch room by the Home Department helped greatly in this.

WE ARE HELPING In the evening there was a stereopticon 24,944 Members lecture on the work of the summer in the schools and assemblies, given by the General Synod Helpers' Circle through their leader, and a very effective missionary service, enti- WE ARE HELPING tled, "A Vision," with music, tableaux 24 Women and readings, presented by the Mission in Study Club.

Zion Lutheran Church Owing to the weather, the attendance was far below what had been hoped for.

"It was cold and snowed and rained by 131 WOMEN turns," says Mrs. BaiL "There was in Zion Lutheran Church slush underfoot, as well as overhead, ARE NOT HELPING and people from the country could not . come in. But some noble purposes were Are you IN or OUT? born that day. For instance-three

grammar school girls have repeatedly de- N. Y., sent us by Miss Margaret Wright, clared that they will be missionaries shows some unusual and highly comsome day either to Africa or India. And mendable features. The calendar itself a few new members entered the work- is a novelty. Attractively printed on but only a few where we had hoped and heavy white cardboard, measuring 9 by planned for many. 14 inches and provided with a scarlet ribbon hanger, it contains more informa- Can You Answer? tion than the average year book of many pages. For the past two years, during the autumn, the Schenectady County Sun- The society has a membership of more day-School Association has held a than one hundred women and meets in very successful Training School for the evenings at the different homes. One Sunday-School workers in the En- of the unusual features is the division gineering Building, Union College. into active and associate members, lists Last year there were seven courses, of whom, divided into groups for each taught by some of the best educators in month, are printed on the year card. Schenectady, among them two college La~t year there were 70 actives and 34 professors, an ex-college president and associates. At our request, Miss Wright the superintendent of the Teachers' has kindly given the following explana- Training School connected with the pub- nation of this feature: lic schools. At the close an examination was given in each course to those who "The active members," she says, "are took it. those who are willing to take part on the missionary program for our monthly The course in methods of missionary meetings, give talks, write papers, or work was based on the book, "Holding give the chairmen any needed help in the Ropes," and was taught by Professor the development of their plans for pre- Warren C. Taylor. The questions sub- senting mission study at the meetings. mitted to the class were as follows. It might be interesting to try them, first to "The associate members are those who test yourself, then your society or school. would like to attend the meetings and help with gifts of money and service, 1. What are the four principal ways in but are not willing to take any part in which efforts for missions may be put the missionary programs. This works forth by workers at home? well. There are often those who, after being associate members for a year or 2. Give some good method of using the two, are willing to allow their names to Bible in the missionary meeting. be transferred to the active list. At the close of 1913 there were a number who 3. How can music be made effective in did this, and one of the results was that the missionary meeting? last year we had many splendid papers written and read by women who said 4. What is the best way to interest an when they joined that 'they could never individual in missions? say a word in the meetings.'

5. What is the first thing you would do "The explanation of our groups by to start an interest in missions in the months is this: The first name of any Sunday-school? group in the active list is' the chairman for the month. With the assistance of 6. What ways are there of missionary that group of active members she must training in the home? present the mission study program for the month. The active group, assisted 7. Name six missionary books. by the associate group for the same 8. Name six noted missionaries. 9. What is the best way to raise money for missions? 10. What encouragements are there to pray for missions?

A Novel Year Card The 1915-1916 calendar of the Stafford Home and Foreign Missionary Society, First Presbyterian Church, Canastota,

OF BEST METHODS

month, must also s'erve light refreshments always of interest. In July, 1914, we at the close of the meeting. In this way printed the 1912-13 program of the every member, both active and associate, Voman's Missionary Society, Bedford has something definite to do once every Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., year. We have splendid meetings, and very large ones, too." which consisted of a series of "Little Journeys to Mission Lands." Through "I must add just a little about our Sunshine Committee," says Miss Wright. the kindness of Miss Lydia Pennington, "At each meeting we take a sunshine offering. Members can give as' little as president of the Christian Woman's they wish and not every time unless they Board of Missions, Euclid Avenue Chrischoose. When our members are sick or in trouble little gifts of sunshine are sent tian Church, Cleveland, Ohio, we have to them-flowers, huit or candy. Once it was a gift of money with a friendly received a copy of the 1914-15 year book little note to one who must undergo an of her society showing an adaptation of expensive operation. On her return there this plan. "The 'Little Journeys' proved were bright flowers at her home to speak our joy at having her with us again. most interesting," she says, "and attracted Most of us' have been cheered by these many to our meetings." sunshine gifts and we feel that they have bound us closer together." The topicS' for the journeys (some copied from the Bedford Church pro- True Yoke-fellows gram, but many original) were as fol- Some societies have found great blessing and a large access of interest through lows: yoking their members with missionaries on the home and foreign fields. ThiS' is October-Bird's-Eye View of the World done in the Woman's Missionary Soci- from an Aeroplane, ety, First Presbyterian Church, Tuscumbia, Alabama. In the 1916-17 year book November-Journey Through India. of the society, recently sent us by Miss December-A Cruise Through the West Frances Cooper, there is a list of 44 mem- Indies. bers of the society and opposite the January-By Trolley Through Foreign names of 31 of them the name of some Sections of Cleveland. missionary. February-A Trip to South America and Mexico. "Two years ago," says Miss Cooper, March-By Trail Through Liberia; Side "we decided to ask each member to select Trip Up the Congo. a missionary to pray for-some one in April-On Horseback Among the Mounwhom she was especially interested. It taineers. was also suggested that we not only re- May-Tenting Through Palestine and member these missionaries in our pray- Syria; Side Trip by Camel in Arabia; ers, but write to them as well. I'm afraid Hold-up, "Your Money and Your Life!" some of us have failed to carry out the June-By Dog Sled to the Frozen North; latter suggestion, but a great many have Stopover Among the Canadian Indians. done so, and it is a fine plan." July-By Wheelbarrow Through China; A Glimpse Into Tibet. August-Through Japan by Jinriksha; Ticket Extended to Korea. S e pte m b e r-Auto Journey Through America.

The devotional topics for these jour- neys were especially appropriate. They were as follows: Preparation; Equip- ment; Chart and Compass; Power; Hints for the Journey; Marching Or- ders; Helps by the Way; Outfit; Pro- visions for the Journey; Comforts; Sug- gestions for the Trip; Guide Book.

Little Journeys to Mission Landa An Envelope Calendar Societies on the outlook for novel ways The way in which one society adapts of announcing their programs for the the methods of another to its own use is'

year will be interested in a set of ten A Spontaneous (?) Missionary Social envelopes sent us by Mrs. J. R. Cowan, of Danville, Ky., president of the Junior Through the courtesy of Mr. R. H. Auxiliary, of the Diocese of Lexington, Young, of Haines City, Florida, we have which serve the double purpose of a cal- received the following account of a very endar and a receptacle for the offerings. successful missionary social given some years ago, under the auspices of the Mis- The envelopes measure 5% by 3% sionary Committee of the Young People's Society, in the Cas'e Avenue Presbyterian inches and have very large square flaps. Church in the city of C–. On the face of each envelope a picture of some building or scene appropriate "This missionary committee," says Mr. to the topic for the month has been pas- Young, "did not confine itself to the reguted; on the flap at the back the date of lar monthly meetings provided for by the meeting and the program has been the devotional committee, but occasionwritten in by hand, and across the bot- ally held missionary socials at the homes tom below the flap of the envelop, the of interested members of the church. names of those in charge. A package of Nor did it confine itself exclusively to ten was made for each woman in the accounts of Presbyterian missions. Its auxiliary. The envelop announcing the members believed that the best service meeting on giving contains three excel- results from a broad knowledge of the lent tracts. entire 'field, which is the world.'

"The parish is small," says Mrs. "The topic for one of our'socials (tho Cowan, "and we only needed fifteen not so announced) was 'Missionary packages, so the making of them was not Boats.' A number of these in use in dif-' a very great item. We had a better year ferent parts of the world were selected than ever before when this program was and assigned to different members, with used, and I hope the results were worth instructions to make such a study of the effort. One can only trust they were. them as would enable them to teU (not One woman is using her envelope as a read) about them in an interesting way. sort of repository for accumulating mis- Those selected ranged all the way from sionary literature." the old 'Morning Star' to a new boat just launched on the Kongo. In Honor of Two Presidents "When we were gathered in Mrs. Weare also indebted to Mrs. Cowan W's parlors that evening (in full numfor the following card of invitation to a bers, for it was a place all delighted to meeting in a sister church. "It was a go) and were well under way socially, splendid meeting," she says, "at which the conversation was skilfully led to 'Misthe retiring president turned her duties sionary Boats.' Without announcement over to the incoming one." This is an and in the most informal, conversational excellent idea for any society: manner, one of the company began telling about a particular hoat of which he had C.W.B.M. been reading. This led another to tell something about another boat of which Appreciation she had read lately. And so on. Some- times there were interruptions in the of shape of questions (perhaps artfully asked and on purpose!) or of ,general One who has served talk-all in the easiest and (apparently) most spontaneous and impromptu fash- and ion. It was a delightful evening.

One who will serve Mrs. Cecil Mrs. Cloyd Christian Church September 7, 2.30-5.00

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MlSSIONADY NE S ISLANDS OF THE SEA being repaired and numerous new buildings are being erected in new " 0Conquering Fear in the Pacific communities. Other revenues are taking N these most easterly islands of the place of the lost State revenues, and Papua the work has been almost a far more able and efficient body of entirely of an itinerary nature," writes workers is taking the place of the dis- credited Spanish friars. The Roman Rev. W. J. Endicott, of Australia, from Church is straining every nerve to ad- just herself to the changed conditions, Rossel Island. "Without a central mis- and, one must confess, with considerable sion station, the missionaries have been success. The greatest, most bitter and compelled to make their home on the prolonged struggle for complete religious boat, and thus have been continually freedom in the Philippines is yet before traveling. The Papuans have given them us, and it will require the highest conand their message a cordial reception centration and the richest gifts in men everywhere, altho they had been in- and money." fluenced against the missionaries. I Generous Islanders "It was gratifying when a trader, after N the Pacific Ocean, midway between informing us that he had been partly re- the Fiji and the Gilbert Islands, lies sponsible for this, and as a consequence a an archipelago of nine or ten coral atolls, fairly large village had requested him to called the Ellice Islands (under British keep their location from our knowledge, protection). Their total surface is only assured us that now there is no such de- 14 square miles, and the people number sire; but, on the contrary, they desire our about 2,500. This little group gave continued visit or even our stay among $3,500 in money recently to the London them. There are, however, some places Missionary Society in honor of the fifstill in which the children flee into the tieth anniversary of the coming of the bush at our approach, being afraid that missionaries to their islands'. They speak we have come to take them away." the Samoan language and have a tradi- tion that thirty generations ago they came' Rome in the Philippines from Samoa. They even name the valley from which their fathers started out, and " DO not let the churches at home they possess an ancient spear whose staff think that we are facing a deca- is of wood not known among them now, which, they say, came with their ancesdent, weakened Catholicism, where for- tors from Samoa. merly she had supreme control," writes a tTliSSlOnary. "It is a mistake to speak T Good and Evil in Hawaii of the Roman Catholic Church in the HE Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) Philippines as decadent, and the ruined were not long ago heathen territory. churches here and there are not indica- Now they are giving men and money to tions of its state. Enormous sums of missions, and are liberal in helping the Roman Catholic money are being poured into the Philippines, and scores of her mo'st intelligent and capable workers are constantly coming to the islands. Dozens of dilapidated buildings are

sufferers from the European war. The 84,000 in excess of the year previous.

Congregationalist says that "when ap- -Lutheran Observer.

peals to aid relatives at home reached TPresident Charles R. Watson of Cairo Hawaii, surprizingly large sums were at HE trustees of the proposed Univeronce cabled. Later the Belgian relief committee secured generous donations. sity of Cairo have recently elected Even the poor gave far in excess of all the Rev. Charles R. Watson, D.D., presi- anticipations." dent of the university. Dr. Watson has re- The problems of Hawaii are those of signed as secretary of the Board of For- America-one of which is intemperance. eign Missions of the United Presbyterian There are upward of 130 liquor estab- Church of North America, but has been lishments on the islands, and the drink made honorary secretary of the board bill amounts to $3,570,000 per annum. A and expects to remain in America for brewery in Honolulu does a flourishing one or two years in order to complete business. There are several distilleries, the work of organizing and financing including one or two big sake stills owned the university. He is succeeded in the and operated by Japanese. Cargoes of general secretaryship of the board by whisky, brandy, wine, "dago-red" and Rev. Wm. B. Anderson, D.D., who has "square-face" gin are being shipped in been his associate, and who was for from abroad. "Dago-red" California fourteen years a missionary in India. wine is a deadly poison and is the cause of crime, suffering and death. The death The new president of the new univerrate is shocking. Appeal after appeal sity was born in Egypt, being the son of has been made to Congress for help, and Dr. and Mrs. Andrew Watson, for half now a bill has been introduced into the a century honored missionaries of the United States Senate for the prohibition United Presbyterian Church. He was of the liquor traffic in Hawaii, which is a graduated from Princeton University in territory of the United States. 1894 and has been for fifteen years a missionary secretary and a force in mis- NORTH AMERICA sionary circles at home and abroad.

Liberating the Prisoners TCost of Education in the United States THE National Committee on Prisom HE Bureau of Education has issued is guiding the movement for the a report to the effect that the cost overthrow of the barbaric prison systems of education for the 22,000,000 persons which disgrace our civilization to-day.

enrolled in institutions of learning in the Opportunity is demanded for the prisoner United States in 1914 was $750,000,000. to develop through self-expression, in- "This cost is less by $300,000,000 than dustrial training and incentive to right- the cost of running the federal govern- doing. The committee has come to feel ment," the statement asserts. "It is less that further advance in prison reform than one-third the nation's expenditure calls for action on the part of the for alcoholic liquors, and it is only a little churches, and is calling upon the church more than three times the estimated cost people of every creed to take up the of admission to motion-picture theaters cause of the morally and spiritually ill in the United States for the same year." man and woman whom we call the crimi- The attendance at elementary schools nal. A committee on religious work has totaled 19,000,000; 1,374,000 in secondary been organized and includes in its mem- schools, and 216,000 in colleges and uni- bership representatives of all denomina- versities. In point of rapid growth, the tions. The work in which the coopera- public high school represented the most tion of the churches is sought is three- impressive figures, the enrolment being fold: ministration within the prison;

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

after-care of the ex-prisoner who comes ance, to be edited by Rev. S. B. Rohold, out of prison determined to make good, who was reelected president, and the and who needs encouragement and a other the starting of definite missionary right environment; the creation on the work under the auspices of the Alliance. part of the general public of a right atti- This has especially in mind the sending tude toward the prison and the prisoner. out of traveling evangelists, who would April 9th was observed as Prison Sabbath visit the many communities where large in many churches. numbers of Jews are to be found, but where no Jewish mission exists. Bibles for West Point Cadets Mission Work Among Foreigners AT an impressive service in the chapel of the United States Military Acad- T HE Church is not only sending the emy at West Point, on April 9th, the Gospel to foreigners, but the Lord forty-sixth annual presentation of Bibles is sending foreigners to the Gospel. to the members of the graduating class There are nearly 35,000,000 people of was made by the American Tract Soci- foreign birth and native-born children ety. The entire cadet corps, numbering of foreign and mixed parentage in Amernearly 600 men, was present in full uni- ica. Here is a magnificent opportunity to form. Rev. H. Percy Silver, chaplain of teach all nations. They are at our doors the academy, conducted the devotional -yes, inside the portals. About 25,000 exercises. The presentation address was foreigners return to their native land delivered by Rev. Harlan G. Mendenhall, every year. If each would carry back of New York City, who spoke of the correct ideas of civilization and Chris- Bible as "living and active and sharper tianity gained during residence in Amerthan any two-edged sword," and then ica, he or she would become to that exproceeded to show that these qualities of tent a missionary. Thus, the work of the Word of God were representative of home missions among foreigners is inthe true West Point spirit. directly a great contribution toward the work of foreign mb'sions. Hebrew Christians in Conference TBooker T. Washington Memorial T HE second conference of the Hebrew HE campaign in the interest of the Christian Alliance of America was Booker T. vVashington memorial held in Philadelphia, May 2d to 5th. N ear- fund is being vigorously conducted among ly 150 delegates and friends were present both white and colored people. The trusfrom all parts of the United States and tees have already received from white Canada and representing many denomi- friends of the institute SUbscriptions nations. The presence of such a large amounting to about $700,000, some of number of Jewish Christians actuated by which is conditional upon other subscripa common religious impulse made a pro- tions being secured. The fund asked for found impression upon the life of the is $2,000,000, of which the trustees are city. The leading newspapers gave con- expecting the colored people to give ~iderable space to accounts of the meet- $250,000. Memorial fund committees ings. The Jewish rabbis of the city have been organized among the colored wrote letters to the press and the Yid- people in nearly 160 cities. Contributions dish papers gave exaggerated accounts, and pledges already received seem to inadding sarcastic comments on the pro- dicate that the colored people will raise ceedings. a large part of the sum expected of them by the trustees. Public meetings are The conference was marked by unity being held, and the colored churches, and spirituality, and two advance steps were decided upon-the first, the establishment of a quarterly organ of the Alli-

schools, fraternal and secret organiza- These Tsimpsean Indians were among tions, business leagues and individuals the most barbarous of any on the North are contributing as they are able. The American continent. They believed in teachers and employes of Tuskegee In- witch doctors and were given over to stitute, out of their modest earnings, cannibalism. have contributed, in cash and pledges to be paid before June 1st, $3,742.60. The It was from such material that Dr. students also are planning to contribute, Duncan organized the civilized communin a desire to help in the perpetuation ity of the MetlakahtIa of to-day. The of the work. community has its own preachers and its own public speakers. Some of the ser- Christian American Indians mons in the Tsimpsean language are full of eloquence and beauty. PAUL BALDEAGLE, a full-blooded Indian, wrote in The Student WarM One preacher who had formerly been of the situation among his people: vicious and high-tempered, speaking of himself, said: "The Indians of the United States are in pressing need of Christian leaders, "I will tell you what I feel myself to who can bring Jesus Christ as a real, liv- be. I am like a bundle of weeds floating, personal Savior to the multitudes ing down 'the stream. I was going down of Indians, who know Him not as such, with all my sin, like the weeds, covered altho they profess to be Christians. with earth and filth; but I came to the rapids when lo! there was a pole stuck "There are quite a large number of fast and firm in the rock, and I clutched schools for Indian boys and girls at at the pole, and there I am now. The which the needed leaders can be success- stream is passing by and washing away fully trained. Some of these schools are my filth. Christ to me is the pole. I maintained by the Government; others hold to Him and am safe." are provided for by certain denominations. Thousands of Indian boys and LATIN AMERICA girls are thus educated yearly. Porto Rico and Prohibition "The Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations have T HE recent Porto Rico Protestant laid siege to this student body of In- mission conference adopted the dians, and· whereas four years ago we resolution asking for the prohibition of had 400 Indian young men who were intoxicants for the island. members of Christian Associations, this year there are 1,200; two-thirds of these After the resolution was carried the are in voluntary Bible classes, and many audience cheered for three minutes. are becoming Christian leaders in their Porto Rican rum is sold on the island school life. One is preparing to go as at 10 cents a pint, and peons' can get a medical missionary to his race in South drunk on two cents' worth of this rum. America. He is the first Indian Student There can be little doubt that there would Volunteer." be no comprehensive or effective dry laws passed now if the matter were left An Alaskan Indian's Sermon for settlement in the island itself. Iso- lated as it is, Porto Rico can be sealed ONE of the romances of present-day up as tight as a drum. And for those missions is the story of the work car- who have suffered from the effects of too much liquor there can be no gainsaying ried on for the last thirty years among the benefits which may be derived by the Indians of Metlakahtla by Dr. Dun- having the temptation removed. There can, "the Apostle of Alaska," who is now eighty-four years old.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

is much money spent throughout the A Bible class organized last June with an enrolment of four has increased to island for drink that might better go for twelve, including one Ecuadorian. It is bread. That the insular revenues may hoped that these men will become lead- suffer by taking away the alcohol taxes ers in opening other Bible classes. Re- ligious work has been carried on through probably is true, but there is no particu- personal interviews. The following is typical. The man interviewed is the lar reason why the Government should Chief Quartermaster of the Chilian live so largely on a business which may Army, a man of thirty years. He does so easily become a vice, and with an in- not profess to belong to any church but telligent, responsive, elective legislature acceptS' the ideals of the Association. He there is every reason to believe that am- says there are many men like himself ple provision would be made promptly who will have nothing to do with the for other means of revenue. Church and therefore call themselves un- believers, but they are not unbelievers Signs of Harvest in Mexico as practically all of them believe in the spirit of Christianity. Forty men, mostly METHODIST workers in Mexico re- Chilians, were interviewed for the pur- port many encouragements in the pose of setting before them the ideals of the Association, preparing the way for a lives that are being touched and changed. more active propaganda in winning them For example, in Queretaro, a married to Christ. Only a very few men really couple who for years had prayed to know Christ, but all of them are open to images received the Gospel with such joy influence. A prayer group organized that they immediatt'ly destroyed the with four men, in 14 sessions had a total image they formerly worshiped. They attendance of 56.-Foreign Mail. are now worthy members of the Church and through their influence others have Evangelical Conference in Argentina come into the fold. WITH the object of widening the A soldier in the present revolution outlook, deepening the spiritual while away from his family was converted to the Protestant faith and came life, and fostering the spirit of brotherhome almost dreading the task of im- hood among members of Spanish-speakparting the news to his family. His joy ing churches in the southern part of the can be imagined when he discovered that province of Buenos Aires, a conference the family had also been converted and was held in Tandil from March 4th to were faithful attendants at the services. 12th, representatives being present from It was indeed a happy reunion. most of the Protestant churches. A more cosmopolitan gathering it would be hard At one time a Catholic family came to find, many nationalities being repreto the parsonage in, Mexico City for re- sented. During the week morning and fuge and, of course, were asked to be evening sessions were held. . present at the daily family worship. When they left they said to their hosts, Some of the meetings were given up "Please pray for us, for we s'ee that you entirely to the testimonies of the memhave a most direct and beautiful way of bers of the churches represented, all of talking with God and we want you to them, while telling of differing spiritual intercede for us." experiences, witnessing to the truth that "the Gospel of Christ is' the power of Reachinlr Chilian Young Men God unto salvation."

THE membership of the Valparaiso, In the town they were celebrating Chile, Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation is 337, of whom 118 are ChiIians, the others English, German, and other foreigners.

carnival, with all its frivolity. The Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway, and mIsSIOnaries formed into procession may visit Italy and Turkey as well. No and sang choruses as they marched public meetings of any kind have been along the street, arousing great interest called, the object of his trip being to among the onlookers. inspect the vast work which the Young Men's Christian Association is conduct- One of the best featureS' of the confer- ing for the millions of men under arms ence was the fraternizing of the mem- and in prison camps. We can not estibers of the different congregations. The mate the possible outcome of his visit plan is to make the conference an annual in drawing more closely those internaaffair. tional bonds of Christian fellowship which he has helped to create in past Baptists to Enter Brazil years.

T HE important Brazilian state of ASpanish Attack on a Colporteur Parana has been opened to Baptist SPANISH paper reports an attack missions. A pawnbroker, who was also upon an agent of the British and a fairly well-to-do jeweler, heard the Foreign Bible Society in Bilbao. "Mr. Gospel preached in the streets of Santos, Arbiza had been threatened, so that it received a tract and went home to read was deemed necessary to give police proit. The pages were read again and again tection to the Scripture booth which he and finally brought conviction and salva- had set up in the annual Bilbao fair. tion. The reader sold all that he owned This year the agents of the clericals and dedicated his life to the spreading of broke in upon him and poured vitriol the good news. Using the means at his over his stock of Bibles. In trying to disposal, he printed "tracts, paid his own rescue a part of the books, Mr. Arbiza expens'es as he traveled about selling was burned about the hands and his Bibles, and finally settled in Paranag1l3, clothing was injured. Some of the Bilwhere he built himself a home and a bao newspapers condemned the action, large hall for preaching purposes. while three others objected to the here- Groups of Christians began to be gath- tical character of the Bible. The peoered which were ultimately organized ple of the city came in large numbers to into a church unconnected with any de- express their mortification at the deed nomination. Some time afterward its and, as' usually happens as a sequel to evangelist leader, exhausted by his labors such cases, more Bibles were sold than and anxious to see the work established ever." on a firm basis, made approaches to the American Baptist Mission in Brazil and Work for Women in Munition Centers the whole body of 250 members was incorporated in the Baptist Church of WAR conditions in Great Britain Brazil. Mr. Pettigrew has been sent to have brought to the Young aid in this reorganization and has been doing a great work since his arrival. Women's, as well as to the Young Men's Christian Association, special opportuni- EUROPE ties for service, which have been quickly seized. John R. Mott in Europe In crowded munition areas, where the ON May 29th, Dr. John R. Mott sailed rattle and clank and whirr of machine for England to spend two months and death-spelling engines make the music of the weary day; in rushing milivisiting the various countries' of Europe. tary centers; in the heart of big cities, He plans to spend some time in Eng- where hundreds of wqmen have left land, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, country homes in order to enter into

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

the commercial life of the hour-in all Hungarian prisoners of war, these strik- these places a work of grace is going on ing statements have been made concern- in the name of the Lord Jesus. In the ing the war work of the Association.

munition centers the Young Women's There are more than four millions of Christian Association has erected cheery men and boys in the prisoner-of-war huts, which serve as canteens, rest- camps of the countries on both sides of rooms, Gospel centers, and in some cases the struggle. Of all the countries where have included sleeping accommodations. these prisoners of war are found, Russia This is the supreme opportunity of affords possibly the most significant op- winning the women for Christ, as it is portunity. In European and Siberian the great opportunity of winning the men. Russia, chiefly the latter, there are to-day The women are gathered together in vast concentrated in scores of prison camps numbers, and in the huts of the Young over one million Teutonic soldiers. The Women's Christian Association there are International Committee of Young Men's possibilities of evangelism the like of Christian Associations have been granted which have not been seen in peace-time. the unique privilege of entering all of The women and girls who never dream these camps and of organizing practical of going to church in the ordinary way Christian work on their behalf. What are now within reach of the Association, lends even larger significance to this and the very best use is being made of movement is the fact that the Russian the opportunity thus presented.-Life of Government has given permission to Faith. work among the Teutonic prisoners on France and Islam condition that Germany and Austria would give similar permission to the In- T HE French Government has laid two ternational Committee to do a similar bills before Parliament, providing work among Russian prisoners. for measures to be adopted in order to show the gratitude of France for the Mission School in Salonica Burned loyalty of her subjects in North Africa. O NE of the most promising institu- One of the bills provides for the cre- tions of the American Board's work in the Near East is the Agricultural and ation in Mecca and at Medina of two Industrial Institute in Salonica. On large caravanserais, bought or erected at April 15th, the main building of this the expense of the French Government, school, with most of its contents, was where pilgrims from Northern Africa destroyed by fire. SoldierS' from a nearmay obtain shelter free. by French aviation camp helped very much in fighting the flames, but the fire The second bilI provides for the addi- spread so fast that it was impossible to tion to the Inter-ministerial Commission save half the equipment and furnishings, for Moslem Affairs at Paris of Moslem to say nothing of personal effects. Some councillors, thus allowing natives to be of the boys are now sleeping in the hay represented at the seat of the central power.

1 War Prisoners in Russia mow and the others are camping in out- N connection with the acceptance by buildings.

Rev. Fred P. Haggard, D.D., Home Before the fire was' over two contribu- Secretary of the Baptist Foreign Mission' tions of 100 francs each were handed in Board, of the call of the International from among the English and French Committee of the Young Men's Christian military who came to help; and friends Association to go to Russia to take from two military hospitals sent over charge of the work being conducted there food and blankets, so that no one had to on behalf of the German, Austrian and go cold or hungry.

Later gifts, together with the insur- MOSLEMS IN ASIA ance money, will make possible a start T A German Report from Palestine on rebuilding, tho the increased cost of HE Moslem World quotes the folaJl building materials is a matter for lowing, with the heading "Is this sume anxiety. The lost apparatus, tools, Sarcasm?" furniture, library, etc., can not be easily or quickly replaced, but the school will "The war has had its effect on the continue its work even tho under diffi- Holy Land," says Der Bote aus Zion cult conditions. (Zion's Messenger), a Berlin paper de- voted to German mission work in Pal- The Moravian Crisis estine, "and that effect has on the whole not been unfavorable. The Hill of Gol- THE international position of the gotha and the Mount of Olives have been Moravian Church and its missions awakened to a new life by the tramp of has been greatly tried through this the Turkish troops, which drill there world's war. The entire Unitas accord- daily. At Jerusalem a score of monasing to the report at the close of 1914 teries and convents, formerly occupied numbers 46,133 members. They are dis- by enemy missions, English, French, and tributed as follows: German Unitas with Rupsian, have been transformed into 433 missionary people, 8,765; Bohemian barracks, and their halls and galleries congregations, 1,267; British Units, now resound with the military com- 6,574; North American, 22,348; South mands of officers. On the whole, the American, 7,037; missionaries besides spectacle presented by the Holy Land Germans, 150. is an extraordinary one. Everywhere In the mission administration alI three one sees motor cars', aeroplanes, machine guns, buffaloes, and oxen-drawn cars, Unitas provinces are represented ac- laden with munitions, going through the cording to the constitution. The posi- lanes and along the fields once trodden tion has become more acute, because by the apostles and the patriarchs, while many friends without the Moravian the construction of military roads Church help their mission. The German brotherhood, in spite of the close inter- through the desert, over the mountains national relationship, has always been of Judea, in the outskirts of Jericho, very patriotic. In England, the German does not cease by night or day. Truly, origin of the church and its name "Mo- the dry bones are made to live again."

ravians," was until the most modern time An Armenian'. Hope a great stumbling-block toward its devel- T opment, and for this reason the national HE following letter from an Ar- menian, now in Asia Minor, shows side of the English brotherhood was more and more emphasized. Of the German the kind of faith some Armenian Chris- Moravians, 934 were in the army the tians possess: 8th of November, 1915; 90 had fallen; "Gdd can still shut the mouths of lions.

13 missed, and 17 imprisoned. Of the Do you realize that He has truly done English, several hundreds had volun- this during many years? We now under- teered for the army, who, like the rest stand how great a miracle it is that our of their nation, believe they are fighting nation should have survived so many for a good and just cause. How, under . years in the midst of a people like the these conditions, the historical interna- Turks. Into what demons can men tional relationship of the Moravian change themselves! I fear they are plan- Church can be maintained, is a serious ning to kill some of us, to starve others, question for its members on both sides to drive the rest into the desert. So I of the canal and the ocean. have little hope of seeing you again in

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this world. But do not doubt that I will only 200 escaped death or exile. Thirty do all possible to encourage others to of these were saved in the house of Mr. die bravely and may God aid me to die Stapleton, the American Board repreas a Christian. May this land see that sentative. if we can not live longer as men, we can die as men! And may many die as men The Moslems came several times and of God! May the Lord pardon this (Mo- demanded that the Armenian girls be hammedan) people their sin! They sin given over to them. Mr. Stapleton anthrough ignorance. May the Armenians swered, "You must kill me before· you by their death be able to show forth the can touch them." A plot to fire the house life of Jesus, since they can not render was discovered and the situation daily testimony with their lives! May we became more desperate, until at length soon see many Moslems become followers Mr. Stapleton said, "If the Russians do of Christ! And may this war soon end not arrive to-day I feel sure that our that the Moslems may be saved from time has come." That night the magatheir cruelty. For day by day they be- zines in the Erzroom forts exploded, the come more demoniac and their character shock breaking most of the windows in is degraded by the tortures which they the Stapleton house, and breaking all impose on their victims. Our expecta- the windows in the hospital near by. tion is in God, out of love to Moslem The Turkish troops fled. Then the no less than to Armenian. May He soon townsfolk began looting. They were apmanifest Himself !"-Record of Christian proaching the American quarters when Work. the Russian advance guard of Cossacks entered and began to police the city. American Schools not Closed Later many high Russian officials called and were entertained at the Stapletons' A WAY has been found to continue at house. The Turks had sent most of least some of the mission schools in their wounded away; but 200 were left Turkey during this time of war. The with no one to care for them. When Christian Guardian gives this note: "A Dr. (Mrs.) Stapleton and the Russian han was placed on the language of all Red Cross physicians went round the the belligerents; and French, Russian, hospitals they found dead in every room. Japanese and English became forbidden tongues. Of course, this affected United Persian Pastors Killed States schools and United States citizens in Turkey; and the United States Am- W ORD has come from Persia that in bassador protested most vigorously. Bohtan four native preachers have However, a Turkish firman had been is- been killed and their families either suer! and could not be recalled, being like killed or carried away. Several Christhe laws of the Medes and Persians. But, tian women are also definitely reported to please the United States Ambassador, as having been carried off by the Kurds. another firman was issued giving full After the first, the Kurds were inclined permission to all and sundry for the use to care for the Christians, but the Turkof the 'American language.' And the ish government threatened the Kurds folks concerned very quickly acquired and compelled them to complete their this new tongue, and were safe from of- work. Rev. William A. Shedd, of Uruficial interference. Great is diplomacy!" mia, now in this country, comments on this news as follows: Awful Scenes in Erzroom "Bohtan, where the four preachers INDESCRIBABLE things happened in were killed, is the region in the U rumia Erzroom just before the Russians cap- field most distant from the station center. tured the city. Out of 20,000 Armenians It is in the Tigris Valley, and the

Protestant community there has been lowed in a long train. We wanted our marked by wonderful faith and zeal. district Christians to realize that they The men referred to as having been were members of a great Church. We killed were all of them simple, earnest, trust the inspiration of this day will rehard-working men, who always contrib- main with them for a long time. One uted to the peace of the community. Had of the British Territorial troops who was matters been left to the Kurdish chiefs present was heard to s'ay, 'When I get there is good reason to believe that they back to England I'll tell the people of would have spared the lives of these men this, and there will be no man saying, first of all. This word from the Chris- "I don't believe in native Christians.'" " tians in the Tigris Valley makes one feel for the fate of the large number in Into the Depths Mosul and the region north of Mosul toward the mountains." SOME missionary workers in India justly claim vast areas of land, or INDIA land and water, within their territory. T Breaking Down of Caste Others emphasize the diversity of races HIS from Rev. F. E. Jeffrey, of with which they are dealing. But ac- Aruppukottai. Things are certainly cording to the Rev. William H. Hollister, moving in India: the South India Mission of the Methodist Church, which conducts Christian work A marvelous revolution is in progress. five thousand feet underground in the Twenty-five years ago the writer was Kolar mines, goes deepest in its soulstoned for innocently taking a low-caste saving mission. Christian servant through the Brahmin street. The other day he sat down to a Indian Farmers Turning to Christ banquet with college students of all castes, including three divisions of Brah- REV. E. W. FELT, of Vadala, in the mins. All were served by servants of Marathi Mission, writes: low-caste extraction. In Bombay, on December 28th, an all-India inter-caste din- "It is the farmer caste that presents ner, organized with the avowed object the biggest opportunity. They constiof doing away with caste differences, was tute the sturdy middle class of India, held. Of the 450 guests from various and in our district, tho years of work castes, 225 were Brahmins, 50 were In- have been done among them, only a dian woman, and 20 were the so-called handful has actually become Christian. "untouchables !" They are deeply conservative and not very responsive to a purely spiritual ap- Meerut Mission Centenary peal. Yet the fruitage of all these years of effort among them is becoming more ONE of the principal features of the and more manifest, until our hearts thrill centenary celebrations of the C. M. with the promise.

S. mission at Meerut, India, was the pro- "Our schools in the villages which had cession of some seven hundred village almost no high caste Hindus in them twelve or fifteen years ago are now in Christians. Rev. J. F. Pemberton wrote many cases crowded with the children of farmers eager for an education. Crowds of it: of the fathers and mothers of these chil- "We marched in procession from the dren may be gathered at any time to listen to the gospel. They are most mission compound to the garrison church. friendly, and seek us on all matters con- The Bishop and twelve clergymen led cerning government and their fields, etc., the way, and then the villagers, each bringing their quarrels for settlement. group with a distinctive banner-on foot and in bullock carts and on camels-fol-

16] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 55

"There is a new unrest among these say: "This is not only a menace to our farmers, partly economic, partly a desire work, but is proving a serious hindrance for education, and partly spiritual. A to the suppression of the opium traffic society of them is working in our district, across the border in the province of called the Truth Seekers' Society, which Yunnan in China." has as its object the throwing off of the yoke of the Brahmans, the abandonment SIAM AND LAOS of idolatry, and the education of the community." "0 Training Siamese Inquirers NE of the encouraging features of The Message Bit this field," writes Rev. J. A. Eakin, of Petchaburi, Siam, "is the large num- ANYTHING is better than indifference. ber of people who have given their names as willing to give up their former The most depressing missionary sit- religion and accept Christ as their Savuation is an easy-going tolerance. Mis- ior and Lord. The various lists of insionary work is weakest when nobody quirers now total up more than a thoucares to attack, when it is not regarded sand names. Of these, 154 have been as effective enough to demand notice. baptized. The mission has recently From this point of view we may read with adopted a method of receiving these inrejoicing the following verses taken from quirers as catechumens, requiring them to the Madura Mail after Mr. Sherwood make a public promise to renounce their Eddy's evangelistic meetings. Sircar is former religion, accept Christ, repent of the name of a Bengali Christian, a their sins and forsake them, observe the former Brahman, who was another of Sabbath, practise monogamy, and study the speakers: the Scriptures. In addition to those baptized, twenty-eight have been received OH! HINDU BROTHERS, BEWARE! as catechumens by this method.

The fisher comes with tempting bait; Each of our evangelists has the list The fox it comes with cunning gait; of questions prepared for those who wish With luring words on us' doth wait; to be enrolled as catechumens, and they are expected to instruct all inquirers who Beware! Beware! show sufficient interest, so that they will Oh, friend, heed not to that Sircar, understand clearly what is involved in The state his speeches can not mar, the catechumen pledge. Thus, while the And so thy sense from wavering bar: roll of inquirers is being constantly lengthened by the addition of new Beware! Beware! names, we are giving our attention And Eddy he doth eddy 'bout; mainly rather to intensive work in the He tries our common sense to rout. way of developing those already won Conversion is his faith, no doubt: over in the graces of the Christian life and in the knowledge of the truth as it is Beware! Beware! in Jesus.

Opium in Burma "I Influence of the Gospel in Siam BELIEVE that a Christian rebirth IN the northwestern part of the Keng- is quietly taking place in the king- tung field, Burma, the cultivation of dom," writes L. C. Bulkley, M.D., a opium is being pushed to the exclusion Presbyterian missionary in Siam. "Apart of other crops. There has consequently from any effort on our part, Christian been a shortage of food supplies and teachings are being quietly appropriated rice has been very high. In addition to by Buddhists, and imparted by officials, this, local officials have tried to force opium cultivation on Christian villages and to take away the land of those who refuse to cultivate.

The Baptist missionaries in this field

whose lives are quite different from the selves we will have no lack of boys in our officials' of some years ago. school. The graduates of our Ming Sam School for Blind Girls can do very credit- "Not only we missionaries have seen able work in knitting, and most of them that more is needed. Something must are employed as Bible readers or teachbe added to the religion they have; the ers and are proficient in church music, people here feel it themselves. The vocal and instrumenta!." Holy Spirit is now preached bJ some, as tho a part of Buddhism. Recently Nearly all the graduates of these at a gathering of the headmen of a small schools are in Christian work and are adjacent village, our Governor talked to employed by the various missions. them at some length on the virtues of honesty, mutual helpfulness, monogamy, Difficulties in China etc., in a very kindly and fatherly spirit, finishing up by saying, 'Now all this is SOME faint idea of the difficulties that the religion that we believe in, and so are encountered in mission work can we must practise these things.' An old be gained by a consideration of the vastman now a Christian two years or so, ness of the country and the diversity of laughed as he reported it afterward, and the dialects. The area of China is 3,913,- said, 'How many years was I a Bud- 560 square, miles, and the total railway dhist, and I never heard anything like mileage is under 7,000. The roads are this in their teaching!' poorly constructed and badly kept; con- sequently, traveling is arduous and slow. "Let us pray that they will see what On the other hand, there are numerous they really need is the whole Gospel, canals and navigable rivers which faciliwhich is offered them!" tate communication. In regard to dia- lects, the actual number in use through- CHINA out China can not be stated, but an esti- mate, said to be conservative, has placed Schools for the Blind in China them at over 300. Knowledge of the Mandarin dialect is' general among the T HERE are over 300 blind pupils in official classes throughout the country, the various schools which have been but for intimate work among the people opened for them by missionaries in South a knowledge of the local dialect is essen- China. Among the best known of these tial. institutions are the "Ming Sam Schools for the Blind," in Canton, where the op- Slave Girl. Sold in China portunity to minister to these unfortunate ones is limited only by the funds in CHINESE slave girls are found in hand. Dr. Mary W. Niles, who is in large cities, such as Shanghai and charge, writes: "We feel that our most important work is to train our pupils for Canton, and refuges for these unforself-supporting professions or trades; to tunates have been opened by missionarouse in the parents and the general aries'. Many will, however, be surcommunity a feeling of responsibility prized to learn that girls throughout for training and making the blind use- the country are sold as slaves, and that ful, and to break down the bond of super- the province of Szechuan is probably stition and vice which oppress them. the greatest slave market in China. Bishop D. T. Huntington, of the Prot- We already have three girls whose estant Episcopal Mission of Anking, families are supporting them wholly in says of this: "When I was stationed school, and a number of others pay par- in Ichang I learned a good deal about tial support. The boys pay their own the way in which the trade is carried board. vVhen we can demonstrate that on. Ichan,g is at the mouth of the our graduates can always support them- Yangtze gorges, and all the traffic of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Szechuan with the rest of the Empire Men's Christian Association. The fol- passes through it. Most of the slave lowing report from the association in traffic is illegal, as the Chinese laws Tientsin is an illustration of this: regarding it are quite strict in theory. "A two weeks' membership campaign Some of these girls are bought from brought in 775 members and $7,400. The their parents, but more are kidnapped team which stood far in the lead was and brought down the river in the headed by the leading citizen of Tientsin, junks under hatches. A friend of Mr. Yen Fan Tsun. His warm support mine was coming down from Chung- and effort will mean much to the organ- king and had noticed nothing peculiar. ization in this city. Mr. Yen was for- until he was within a day of Ichang. merly at the head of the National Board Then he saw a little hand come up of Education and is a man to whom all through the forward hatch. He pulled educators look for advice and example.

up the hatch and found six little girls Among the prominent members received below. They were taken away that were three sons of President Yuan Shih night, so he was unable to do any- Kai, who are resident in Tientsin. Sev- thing about them. My Chinese friends eral of the most prominent campaign have told me that at least 1,000 girls workers have since decided to become pass through Ichang in this way in the Christians."-Foreign Mail.

course of a year."

Borden Memorial Hospital in Kansu Revival Meetings in China FROM Lanchowfu, in far-away Kansu T HE evangelistic work of Rev. and province, Mr. George Andrew, of Mrs. J. Goforth has been greatly the China Inland Mission, writes: blest at various points in China. At "The Borden Memorial Hospital, which their meetings at Hsuchowfu in Kiangsu is now partly built, on the bank of the province the heathen attending the ser- Yellow River, outside the city, is a center vices were awed at the scenes of maniof Gospel light, where Dr. and Mrs. fest judgment. They said the living King, Dr. R. C. Parry and helpers min- God was present in the assembly, and ister to the sick. Patients come from many of them decided to become Chrislong distances, among them Moham- tians. medans, the winning of whom for Christ is one of the great problems confront· Mrs. Goforth summarizes the work in ing us. The Life of Faith: "I do not know where we coulrl find "Dozens of the students declared their more willing hearers of the Gospel than purpose to become preachers of the Gosat Lanchow, whether in the street-chapel pel. Hundreds promised that at the least 0, on the streets. Many Mohammedans they would strive to win one soul before come and listen with pleasure as' the unity the close of this year. On prayer and and spirituality of God are declared, and Bible study the whole audience seemed the falseness of idols exposed; but they resolved. A wonderful feature was the dislike to hear of salvation by Chri,;t. hundreds of one-sentence testimonies to The truths of His divinity and of His blessing received. Whole families testideath on the cross are derided by them." fied that they had been made new. Some said they now had a new church. The heads of both the boys' and girls' schools TResult. of a Y. M. C. A. Campaign said they have new schools, not a pupil, HE way in which its methods can as far as they knew, left unconverted. be adapted to conditions in many All the leaders said the blessing poured different countries is one of the signifi- out upon all was' beyond what they had cant features of the work of the Young asked or thought. The missionaries said

they never saw prayer like this before, Christianity will again occupy a position and some said that neither did their of recognized leadership.

weak faith lead them to expect it." Buddhists Start Sunday-schools Bi.hop Brent's Report on China T HE rapidly increasing interest in Japan in the coming convention of SPEAKING before the Episcopal Board the World's Sunday-School Association of Missions, Bishop Brent, who had just returned from the Far East, said: at Tokyo has challenged the attention of "I touched at various points in the Orient the Buddhists. The children who, they and took the opportunity to come into think, should follow their parents in the contact with the mission work at each Buddhist faith are going into the Chris- point. tian Sunday-schools, and the priests real- "China to-day presents such an oppor- ize that they must keep hold of these tunity as I suppose the world has never young people if Buddhism is to continue.

seen before in a country that is not As a result they are showing signs of Christian. We were thrilled a few years aroused activity in many quarters. In ago as we heard reports from China commemoration of the emperor's corona- after the Republic was established. But tion hundreds of Sunday-schools are to let me tell you that the opportunities in . be started in the Buddhist temples, where China for Christianity to-day are ten- the children of Buddhist homes may re- fold more than they were six years ago. ceive instruction in the tenets of their The opportunity is increasing by leaps faith, after the order of the Christian and by bounds. Again let me beg of you, Sunday-schools. For a time the priests in the name of Christ and in the name of have influenced the Buddhist teachers in the Orient as a whole, not to close the the public schools to tell their pupils they door of opportunity, but to think in the must not attend the Christian Sabbath terms of the Kingdom of God first, and schools, but when this was reported at a dollars and cents afterward." conference held in the home of Count Okuma immediate steps were taken to JAP AN-CHOSEN put a stop to it.

T Japan's Progress T Influencing China at Tokyo HE Japanese are rapidly becoming HE Chinese students who have come the most educated people in the to Japan in the last few years have world. At the present rate of progress been largely picked men, and generally Japan will soon have the smallest per better prepared than those who came cent. of illiterates and the largest per earlier. A natural proces's of selection cent. of children of school age in attend- among these has left chiefly those of ance in her schools. The National Chris- more serious purpose and better staying tian Educational Association and all the qualities, those destined in time to have Protestant missions of Japan have made the greater and more enduring influence plans for a great interdenominational upon their native land. From this point university, and the advanced schools for of view the winning of the Chinese stugirls are getting together in projecting dents in Japan to Christ is seen to be of a great Christian College for Women increasing importance. to open in 1916. Japan is more open to Christianity than at any time since the There are two churches for Chinese early eighties, and if the seven or eight students in Tokyo, and the Young Men's schools for men will advance their stan- Christian Association is working in close dards sufficiently and cooperate cordially connection with them. There are in Tokyo with the proposed Christian university, at present 98 baptized members. Others nOt affiliated with either church bring the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

total number of Christian students up terview the Moslem woman who owns to 110 or more, about 4 per cent. of the the house in which she had rented a total. Certainly in no community in room for this school.

China will there be found so large a pro- "You must not permit that Christian portion confessing Christ as among this missionary to come again nor must you great group of China's modern literati. allow the school to meet beyond to-day.

As large a percentage of the whole na- That missionary who came to speak yes- tion Christian would mean a Church in terday said such attractive things about China 16,000,000 strong.-Foreign Mail. Christianity that if he should continue I Progress in Korea there would soon be no Mohammedanism N spite of some serious problems con- in this neighborhood. Say to him that nected with missionary work and some you have done with him and his wife at very delicate matters' that have arisen once." in the relations of the missions with the government, the past year has been To the astonishment of the sheikh the one of phenomenal progress along all Moslem woman answered independently: lines of Church activity. According to "I shall do nothing of the kind." This is the figures in the Christian Movement a forecast of the emancipation of Mosin Japan, the total number of additions lem womanhood from the dominion of by baptism to all the Protestant churches the sheikh. was 9,019. The total number of communicants is reported as being 82,325, of A Moslem School in Egypt which number about 60,000 are in con- OSLEM young people are eager for nection with the Presbyterian churches. M Bible study. In the center of the Some progress has been made in estab- Nile Delta lies Tanta, a city of 70,000 lishing better relations between the -largely Moslem. In one of the poorest Christian churches and "the powers that quarters of this city a Sunday-school has be." The government has made less use been started for the children gathered of its military arm and has pursued on from the streets. Rev. Stephen Trowthe whole a more kindly and conciliatory bridge, Sunday-school secretary for work policy in dealing with the native people among Moslems, describes a recent visit than was the case two years ago, the to this school: results of which will show the wisdom "The upper floor of a house has been of that policy. At one time some foolish rented, and we found every class-room native enthusiasts in northern Korea full to overflowing with Mohammedan started an uprising which, however, did boys and g;r1s. When this work first not assume formidable proportions and started, the children who came were of was quickly and summarily supprest. the poorest and could not read a line, but recently some very bright boys from AFRICA the government schools have been attend- ing. They also are Moslems, and as Sunday is one of the regular school days, Moslem Woman Defies a Sheikh they came directly from their classes to MRS. S. M. ZWEMER has been con- this Sunday-school. I saw a number of ducting a small school and Sunday- them with their Korans tightly clasped school in a Mohammedan quarter of under their arms listening most intently Cairo. One Sunday when Dr. Zwemer to the lesson, which was from the Book made an address, the room was crowded of Acts', Some of the questions they with children and their parents and answered with quick intelligence, altho friends. they know almost nothing about the Bible The next day one of the leading as yet."

sheikhs of the neighborhood came to in- "Another evidence of interest in Bible

study," writes Mr. Trowbridge, "is found being treasurer of the mission and giving in the Girls' college, Cairo, which is a general oversight to other branches of under the direction of the American the work, devoted a large part of his mISSIOn. Never in the history of the time to work among the "untouchables" college has there been such a demand for or low caste people. the Bible. Moslem, Jew and Christian alike come, saying, 'Please send for a He left in Jullundur two sons ann a Bible for me.' A new Syrian teacher daughter, all in the work of the Missaid that the thing which imprest her sion. As a native of India, Dr. Newton most in this college is that, when she had a perfect command of-the vernacular looks over the crowded room full of and a brother's understanding of the girls at chapel time, she can not tell from hearts of the people. With this equipthe earnest faces which are Moslem, J ew- ment he combined a single-eyed devotion ish or Christian, for all are equally at- to the work of the Gospel, unusual practentive, eager and responsive." tical sense in business and accounts, un- tiring energy, and a spirit of absolute TNecessity the Mother of Invention fidelity to all duty, whether great or HEY were issuing a natural science small. reader from the press of the West Central African Mission. It seemed H8Sir Alexander Simpson of Scotland that such a text-book without any illus- Y the death of Sir Alexander Simptrations would be a tame affair. But son, the Christian Church has lost there were no cuts available. So Dr. one of its truest and most faithful sons. Stokey set himself to make some. A distinguished medical Professor in the Pouring a thin coat of plaster of Paris University of Edinburgh, he put himself over a model, he then carved out the and his professorship at the feet of his figures from pictures found in Web- Lord, and strove as few men in his proster's Unabridged Dictionary. No one fession have striven to make it a handcould mistake "the camel" and "the lion." maid to forward the interest of the King- The ingenuity of our missionaries is dom of God. And God honored him in constantly being witnessed. It is inter- his endeavor. On one occason, when a esting to learn that Dr. Stokey thus delegate to a great medical conference unwittingly repeated the first experi- at Rome, he had St. Luke's Gospel ments of the engravers in making printed in Italian and nicely bound, as a . metal cuts. gift for all his colleagues with the golden letter-press outside, 'A letter from a OBITUARY NOTES good phys·ician.' His home was open to strangers from all countries, but no one Dr. C. B. Newton of India could enter it and not realize how true DR. CHARLES B. NEWTON, for it was of him; 'As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.' "-Medical Mis- nearly fifty years a missionary of sions. the Presbyterian Board in India, died at Jullundur City, north India, April 11th. Rev. P. H. Moore of Assam Dr. Newton was born in India, nearly seventy-five years ago, son of Dr. John REV. PITT HOLLAND MOORE, Newton, who was one of the first mis- who died in March, in the hospital sionaries of the Board to the Panjab, in Calcutta, in the sixty-third year of his going out in 1834. He spoke fluently age, gave to the Baptist Mission in N ow- Urdu, Panjabi, and Hindi, and was' well gong, Assam, thirty-six full years of read in Sanskrit. During the past twenty- strong, invaluable service, the influence five years Dr. Newton, in addition to of which will go on for the years to come. AND S5ION LANDS Black Sheep. By Jean Kenyon Mackenzie. has branched out into student cmeinssteiros~ Illustrated. 8vo. 313 pp. $1.50, net. into rural districts and into the Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1916. For living interest and literary style fields. One of the most active leaders this is easily the leading missionary book was Miss Grace Dodge, of sainted of the year. Miss Mackenzie, who was for some years a missionary among the memory, who has been succeeded as blacks of West Africa, describes in her delightful home-letters' the daily scenes president of the National Board by Mrs. and experiences that stirred her woman's heart. They give an intimate picture of Robert E. Speer. It is a great work, life in the Kamerun country. One is reminded of Miss Amy Wilson Car- thoroughly organized and efficient in michael's "Things as They Are in India," except that these descriptions are less many lines of work. depressing. Miss Wilson has produced a book, not With a woman's sympathetic touch and keen perception, Miss Mackenzie tells of only valuable as a history of the move- African women's suffering and of little black children's play, of African dancing ment but interesting and full of suggesand feasts, of markets and palavers, of sins and follies, of vaccinating two hun- tions for all workers among young dred and forty people in one day in a church, of hunger for better things, and women. of the missionaries, methods of satisfying such hunger. Mohammed or Christ. By Samuel M. Zwemer. Illustrated. 12mo. 292 pp. There is no better book to place in the $1.50. net. Revell, 1916. hands of an intelligent woman interested Dr. Zwemer is the American apostle in humanity but not in missions. The reading of Miss Mackenzie's experiences to Moslems. His pictures of Islam capis to win converts at home for the work ture the attention, his arguments conabroad. To begin is to finish. vince and his appeals win both recruits and support. His latest volume is a Fifty Years of Association Work Among series of articleS' and addresses on the Moslem situation in various lands–Rus- Young Women. By Elizabeth Wilson. sia, Africa, Arabia; the dying forces of Illustrated. 8vo. 402 pp. $1.35, net. Na- Islam, the stumbling-block of the Cross and the changing attitude of educated tiona! Board of Y. W. C. A New York Moslems. The volume lacks unity and 1916. '",' continuity of thought but it does not lack fire and facts that compel attention. Dr. The Young Women's Christian Asso- Zwemer is up-to-date and reliable in his facts; moreover, he knows no other way of saving Mohammedans than through the living faith in Jesus Christ, the son of God. These fifteen chapters are worth reading more than once.

ciation has had a remarkable history. Leaves From the Log of a Sky Pilot. By Wm. P. Puddefoot. Illustrated. Bvo. Fifty years ago the work was organized $1.00, net. The Pilgrim Press. Boston in Boston and to-day has spread over the 1916. '

world. The Association was founded to If anyone is inclined to think that help self-supporting girls in cities, but it there is less of romance and adventure in home missions than in foreign, he In the Wake of the War Canoe. By should read the life of Mr. Puddefoot, W. H. Collison. Illustrated. 8vo. 352 pp. one of the most picturesque figures of $1.75, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New the home mission field of the northwest. York, 1916. His thriIIing experiences and encourag- ing success as a "Sky Pilot" stimulate, In his forty-three years among the while the mixture of humor and pathos Indian tribes of British Columbia, Arch- makes this an intensely human document. deacon Collison saw them change from Mr. Puddefoot is a man-a strong man- pagans to a civilized community. He a Christian pioneer, and the story of his followed William Duncan in his work varied career reveals the helIish condi- among the Tsinsheans of old MetIa- tions of many lumber camps, the Her- kahtla and the other tribes of Western culean task that awaited the missionary Canada. The history is full of incidents who entered them, and the power of God and evidences of the power of God. to transform the most degraded and Conflicts with medicine men, unscrupuhopeless men and women. The early lous white-traders and other enemies part of this missionary's life is especially made the archdeacon's life adventurous. stimulating as it was devoted to the The Indians are a picturesque people search for lost men. The latter part of and their customs and traditions are ex- the life has been spent more in seeking ceedingly interesting. One wonders, on to arouse the Churches. laying down the volume, why all the Indians of North America have not yet Was it Worth While. The Life of been evangelized-after nearly three Theodore Storrs Lee. By some friends hundred years of work among them. of his. Illustrated. 12mo. 178 pp. 50 cents net. The Association Press. New Missionary Crusaders. By Claude Fi~ld. York, 1915. Illustrated. 220 pp. $1.00 net. Flemmg H. Revell. 1916. Charles E. Hughes, Republican candidate for President of the United States There is no field of literature of America, writes the foreword and more rich in stories of heroic achievepays his tribute to the noble character ment and adventure than the hishere portrayed. Various friends tell the tory of missionary pioneers. There is story of different periods of his life. here variety 'and self-sacrifice, danger This takes from the unity of the biogra- and daring, exploit and achievement. We phy, but gives variety in viewpoint. read of John Eliot and the American Theodore Storrs Lee was born in Cleve- Indian wars; Hans Egede and the glutland in 1873, and after graduation from tonous Greenlanders; William Duncan Amherst College and Union Seminary, and the Metlakahtia cannibals; Robert went to India as a missionary. His life Moffat and the terrible Africaner; the and character made a profound impres- black Pishop Crowther and the people sion everywhere, for he was a genius of the Niger; Schwartz, the holy apostle and a man of force. His talents were to India, and Dr. Wolff among the brigmany and were put to good account. He ands of Bokhara. These are stories was a personal worker in college, a to captivate boys and to direct their amfriend in need, a hard worker and be- bitions to the life worth Jiving. loved by all. The book is full of incidents that show the young man's human A Hero of the Frontier. Life of Dr. sympathy and Christlikeness. Theodore Pennell for Boys. By Alice M. Pennell. Lee died in 1911 at the early age of Illustrated. 8vo. 209 pp. $100 net. thirty-eight, yet he had made his mark Fleming H. Revell Co. 1916. upon his fellow men. This is the story of the man of whom a British officer in India said: "The pres-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

ence of Pennell on the frontier is equal guide to a clearer knowledge of the Bible to that of two British regiments." He was a remarkable man with a wonder- and an inspiration to Christlike living. fully stirring history among the fierce and fanatical tribes of the Afghan The arrangement is topical and the frontier. verses are scattered, so that unfortu- This life-story is written for boys, not in a style adapted to very young boys, nately it is not a guide to consecutive but for young men interested in games of other men, in camping out, in contact Bible reading. with wild tribes and in a missionary's adventures. Pennell is a man that it will The Life Abiding and Abounding. By be good for boys to know-and they will W. H. Gri'ffith Thomas, D.D. 12mo. 79 like him. The half-tone illustrations are pp. 40 cents, net. The Acts of the attractive. Apostles. By W. H. Griffith Thomas, D.D. 12mo. 50 cents, net,. The Bible Happy Childhood, the magazine pub- Colportage Association, Chicago, 1915. lished in Shanghai for Chinese children, Two very useful books for missionunder the auspices of the Interdenominational Committee on Christian Literature aries and students of missions. The for Oriental Women and Children, has been so successful that its editor, Mrs. first consists of deeply spiritual Bible Donald MacGillivray, undertook at Christmas time another venture along studies in prayer and meditationsthe same line, and published "A Picture Book for Chinese Children," using some breath and food for the soul. of the cuts from Happy Childhood. The edition of 600 was rapidly sold and an The second contains outline studies in appetite for more Christian reading was whetted by this enterprise. primitive Christianity-very helpful for Carol-A Sweet Lover of Christ: A those who are working in fields where Memoir of a Missionary Child. 12mo. 169 pp. 2s. 6d. Marshall Brothers, Lon- problems are presented like those that don, 1915. Carol lived in India and was an un- faced the early Church. It is an excel- usual child-especialIy in her grasp of lent guide to the study of The Acts. Christian truth and in her earnest interest in the spiritual welfare of others. NEW BOOKS The memoir is composed for the most part of letters delightful, religious but How to Learn a Language. An Exposigirlish letters. Many adults will finq tion of the Phonetic Inductive Method spiritual help from this story of a for Foreign Resident Language Students. triumphant little life. A Direct, Practical, Scientific Way of Mastering Any Foreign Tongue. By The Will of God and A Man's Life Thomas F. Cummings, D.D. 16mo, 90 Work. By Henry B. Wright. 8vo. 280 pp. Author, New York, 1916. pp. 60 cents. Association Press. New York, 1912. Paradoxical Pain. By Robert Maxwell These studies have already helped Harbin, M.D. 12mo. 212 pp. $1.25, net. Sherman, French & Co., Boston, 1916. men and women to discover the will of God in reference to their life work. The Children of the Lighthouse. By They will help others. Arranged as Charles Lincoln White, D.D. Illustrated. daily Bible studies, they are also a helpful 12mo. 84 pp. Cloth 40 cents, net. Paper 25 cents, net. Association Press, 124 E. 28th St., New York, 1916.

Old Spain in New America. By Robert McLean and Grace Petrie Williams. Il- lustrated. 12mo. 161 pp. Cloth, 57 cents. Paper, 35 cents. Association Press, New York, 1916.

Black Sheep. Adventures in West Africa. By Jean Kenyon Mackenzie. Illustrated. 8vo. 313 pp. $1.50, net. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1916.

South American Neighbors. By Homer C. Stuntz. Illustrated. 12mo. 212 pp. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, 1916.

Makers of South America. By Mar- garette Daniels. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1916.

The Land of the Golden Man. By Anita B. Ferris. Cloth, 50 cents. Paper, 30 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1916.

A Four-Chapter Book on the Two c. A C.hallenge T~ Life Service. By Fred- Americas. By Robert E. Speer. Cloth, enck M. Harns and Joseph Robbins 25 cents, Missionary Education Move- (College Voluntary Study Courses, Sec- ment, New York, 1916. ond Year-Part II). 16mo. 152 Pl'. 50 cents, net. Association Press, New York, The South To-Day. By John M. Moore. 1916. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- A City of the Dawn. By Robert Keable. sionary Education Movement, New York, Illustrated. 244 pp. 5s., net. Nisbet, 1916. London, 1915. Advance in the Antilles. By Howard B. Why War? By Frederic C. Howe. $1.50. net.. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, Grose. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper. 40 cents. 1916. Missionary Education Movement, New Selected Quotations on Peace and War. York, 1916. Vith Especial Reference to a Course of Mexico To-Day. By George B. Winton. Lessons on International Peace, a Study Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- in Christian Fraternity. 8vo. xiii-540 sionary Education Movement, New York, pp. Compiled and Published bv the Com- 1916. mission on Christian Education of the Japan and America. By Carl Crow. $1.50. Federal Council of the Churches of Robert M. McBride. New York, 1916. Christ in America, New York, 1916. Japanese Expansion and American Poli- How To Promote a Revival. By Charles cies. By James Francis Abbot, Ph.D. $1.50. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1916. G. Finney. 5 cents. Providence Revival Committee, Providence, R. I. 1915. The Japanese Crisis. By James A. B. The Spirit of Sisterhood. By Helen Sant- Scherer, Ph.D., LL.D. 75 cents. Fred- myer. 15 pp. 10 cents. National Board erick A. Stokes Co., New York, 1916. of the Y. W. C. A., New York, 1915. Girls of Yesterday and To-day. Histor- Japan, The New World Power. By ical Pictures of Association Life. Pre- Robert P. Porter. With 7 Maps. Ox- pared for use in the J ubilee Year of the ford University Press, New York, 1916. y. W. C. A. 45 pp. 10 cents. National Board of the Y. W. C. A., 1915. Fifty Years' Ministry (1865 – 1915). The Christmas Story. A Gnup of Memories and Musings. By Rev. W. Tableaux. By Jane Taylor Miller. 35 pp. Cuff. 64 pp. 1 shilling, net. Baptist 20 cents. National Board of the Y. W. C. Union Pub. Department, London, 1916. A., 1915. Leaves from the Log of a Sky Pilot. By Indian Thought: Past and Present. By . William G. Puddefoot. 12mo. 200 pp. R. W. Fraser. Illustrated, 339 pp. lOs. 6d., $1.00, net. Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1915. net. Fisher Unwin, London, 1915. A Mechanistic View of War and Peace. By George W. Crile. Edited by Amy F. Non-Christian Religions of the Indian Rowland. Illustrated. 12mo. 104 pp. Empire. Reprinted from the Lay Reader. $1.25, net·. Macmillan Co., N ew York, Second Edition. Is. 6d., net. Lay Reader 1916. Headquarters, London, 1915. In the Wake of the War Canoe. A Stir- Mohammed or Christ? An account of the ring Record of Forty Years' Successful rapid spread of Islam in all parts of the Labor, Peril, and Adventure Among the globe. By S. M. Zwemer, D.D. Illustrated, Savage Indian Tribes of the Pacific 292 Pl'. 5s., net. Seeley Service, London, Coast. and the Piratical Head-hunting Fleming H. Revell, N ew York, 1915. Haidas of the Queen Charlotte Islands, etc. By the Ven. W. H. Collison. Illus- Black and White in the Southern States. trated. 12mo. 352 Pl'. $1.25, net. E. P. A Study of the Race Problem in the Dutton & Co., New York, 1916. United States from a South. African Point of View. By Maurice S. Evans. Devolution in Mission Administration. Map, 299 Pl'. 7s. 6d., net. Longmans, By Daniel -Johnson Fleming, Ph.D. 12mo. London, 1915. 310 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co.. New York, 1916. Some Battle Fields of the Cross. Asia and some Islands of the Southern seas. The Spell of Egypt. By Archie Bell. 12mo. By E. B. Trist. Illustrated, 127 pp. 2s. Illustrated. 366 pp. $2.50, net. Page net. S. P. C. K., London, 1915. Co., Boston, 1916.

Adventures of Missionary Explorers. By PAMPHLETS R. M. A. Ibbotson. Illustrated, 316 Pl'. 2s. 6d., net. Seeley Service, London, 1915. Doubt, or, Practical Suggestions for Those Having Intellectual Difficulties The Soul Winner and Soul Winning. By Regarding the Christian Faith. By Rev. Joseph W. Kemp. Is., net. Oliphants, Sherwood Eddy. 26 Pl'. Association Edinburgh, 1915. Press, New York, 1916.

Boys and Girls I Have Known. By E. Life and What to Live For. By Sher- W. Osborne, D.D. 92 Pl'. 25., net. wood Eddy. 25 pp. Association Press, S. P. C. K., London, 1915. New York, 1916.

Herald of the Cross. By E. B. Trist. 2s., net. S. P. C. K., London, 1915.

Missionary Knights of the Cross. By John C. Lambert, D.D. 2s. 6d. Seeley Service, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1913

WHITING

An Ideal Missionary Volunteer (see page 567) November 1, 1887-April 9, 1913

·The Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. XXXVI, No. 8 AUGUST, 1913 VOL, XXVI, No. g, Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times WORLD·WIDE STUDENT EVAN. "that there will be no adequate re- sponse to this call? If so, there is GELISM sure to be a terrible reaction." The Chinese students in the British Isles A REMARKABLE student con- have now a Christian Association of their own, said Dr. John R. Mott, ference has recently been held "and they have pledged $40 each to at Northfield, Mass. (June 20th-29th), send their own student secretary to when in addition to 500 students China." President Yuan Shih Kai from the colleges and schools of himself has been so imprest with the New York and New England there importance of the work that he has were present some 100 foreigners and asked to have a special student secforeign delegates from Europe, Asia retary appointed as his personal repand Latin America. Eighteen of the resentative. This young Chinese, a Chinese students were non-Christians, Harvard student, is to go back to but three of these were converted and China this autumn, and his expenses were baptized on the last day of the as association secretary will be paid by the President of the RepUblic. conference. Over 30 young men were present from South America, many Similar stirring reports and appeals of them non-Christians, but some of were made by representatives from these are returning to their homes Germany, HolIand, France, Switzerand colleges with a new purpose and land, Austria, Italy, Spain, Russia, power to serve Jesus Christ as Lord Poland, Syria, India, Japan and the and Savior. South American republics. The stu- dents of the world are alive to prac- Several sessions of the conference tical, mental and material progress, were devoted to the reports of the and many of them are beginning to great opportunities and substantial see the unsatisfying nature of the progress of the Student Christian world's husks and hunger for spiri- Movement in Europe, Asia and South tual things. The Student Christian America. Mr. Fletcher S. Brock- leaders are generally placing more man, of China, voiced the nationwide calI in the new Republic for student secretaries and Bible teachers. "Can it be possible," said he, The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITOR.

and more emphasis on the importance national organizations. In Denma,rk of personal and group Bible study. meetings are held for boys in private The greatest difficulty and danger is, homes and one summer camp is pro- perhaps, due to the lack of Spirit- moted. In China, Korea, and Japan, filled Bible teachers. Above all school boys are members of the city things, students must have teachers Young Men's Christian Association, who have unshakeable faith in the but have no organizations of their "Word of God" and who have spiritual own. In India and Ceylon there are discernment to teach the Truth. Let six associations for school boys, two Olristians pray for these devoted of" which are directly conneCted with leaders of the work among students, city Young Men's Christian Associa- that they may be Spirit-filled and tions.

Spirit-guided, and that the needed In North America, the work in men may be thrust forth and conse- what we call "preparatory schools"

crated to this great work of bringing is directly under the supervision of to Christ the coming leaders of the the Student Young Men's Christian nations. "Pray, ye, therefore, the Association, while the "high school Lord of the harvest that He send forth work" falls under the Boys' Depart- laborers into His harvest." ment of the Young Men's Christian Association, with such cooperation STUDENT MOVEMENT WORK from the college associations as is desired. The two methods of work T AMONG BOYS which have been found most success- HE Student Christian Movement ful in all this work for boys are has adopted, with a certain sim- plification of method and a little more Bible study groups and summer rigor of supervision, the same plans camps. in its work among school boys as are used in the colleges and univer- THE MODERNISTS IN ITALY slbes. In every country where the work for young men is being carried IT is well, at times, to look at reon, plans are being made for extension and development of work for ligious questions in a foreign land boys. In Great Britain this Olfis- through the eyes of a native who has tian work among school boys is con- been brought up in the religion of his ducted by three organizations, en- fathers, but has learned to think things tirely separate from the Student out for himself. Prof. Gennaro Movement, tho Christian university Avolio, who is still a Roman Catholic men, as individuals, are engaged in of Italy, but is working for the spirithe work. tual resurrection of that church, has written an impressive statement of his Informal school boy groups are views of religion in Italy.* He says also promoted by movements in Hol- that the Italian people, in spite of all land, Belgium, French Switzerland, appearances to the contrary, have still France, Germany (where there are a good foundation of faith in God. 2,800 boys in 250 unions and 900 This faith, however, is often hidden school boys in Bible study circles), under a thick veil of superstition and Finland, Norway, Sweden, and in the materialism. The Roman Catholic schools in the various lands without • Tile Bible Magazine, July, 1913.

OF THE

Church still seeks to dominate the po- God only. Do away with worship of the litical, social and religious life of the saints, the magic functions of the priest, people, even dictating as to how men and obligatory auricular confession. shall vote. Thus, the mass of Roman Catholics in Italy have lost all right 6. The Gospel must be given to the criterion for judging in religious mat- people. ters and blindly depend on the dictates of the priests. The result is spiritual 7. The abolition of the Latin lanslavery. The use of Latin in religious guage in the liturgy, and the reform of services also keeps the people ignorant the liturgy. in spiritual things-the unknown tongue does not edify the church, but 8. The giving back to the laity the is a barrier between the people and right of the election of pastors. the Word of their Lord. The formal exercises of religion have no real 9. Sympathy with all great, reasonpower over the daily life of the wor- able and just social reforms, without reshipers. Consequently, people who are gard to party, and in keeping with the most regular in attendance at Roman Christian ideal. Catholic services live disorderly, frequent obscene theaters, practise usury, 10. Brotherly relationship between etc. Protestants, Roman Catholics, and as many others as truly follow Christ. These evil results of Roman Catholic doctrines and practises are in spite The carrying out of such a program of the fact that the church still holds would be a long step in advance for the essence of Christianity under a Italy, but it would destroy the Romass of rubbish which obscures the man Catholic Church as such. truth. THREE SIGNS IN NEW CHINA The Roman Catholic Modernists, priests and laymen are working in T HERE has been a marvelous in- Italy to demolish the superstition, am- crease of horizon and vision bition and worldliness in the church, among the Chinese since the Revoand to reestablish truth, intelligence, lution. "China is fully awake," purity and simplicity, justice and hu- writes Bishop Molony, in the C. M. mility. These Modernists have for- S. Review,' "the most industrious namulated a simple program of reforms, tion in the world has started on a as follows: path of great industrial development. The superstitions which hindered it 1. Freedom of scientific research in are exploded, official corruption and all fields. commercial 'squeeze' are put to shame through the publicity of the press; 2. Absolute obedience to God alone. the country, where for centuries the Obedience to man against conscience is aristocracy of learning has been the a sin. only aristocracy, is now fully com- mitted to Western education, its sons 3. Separation between Church and and daughters pour out to colleges State. abroad and into every college opened in China; the most capable and popu- 4. Abolition of compulsory celebacy lous of non-Christian nations has of the clergy. turned at last into the steady channel of reform and progress." 5. Reform of worship to secure simplicity and purity. Worship is due to From the point of view of mission- ary work, the Bishop sees three spe- cial characteristics of the new period just begun. First, new classes of

people are coming under the influ- been made toward the suppression of ence of the missionaries. Formerly vice and iniquity. It is a fact worthy the work was almost entirely among of note that within three months af- the artizan and agricultural popula- ter the new Cantonese government tion, now the refined and intellectual was formed, this city, formerly one are accessible. "Women of honor- of the worst in China, has become able estate" are opening their doors practically a clean city. The chief to missionary ladies, and the great of police of Canton, in a determined student class is presenting amazing effort to wipe out slavery from Can- opportunities. ton and its environs, set free 500 Another feature of the period now young girls kept as slaves in the commencing is sure to be contro- homes of Canton. Most of them versy. Contact with the Western were kept for domestic service; but world and Japan, higher education in the chief was determined to liberate China, the inrush of the intellectual them, and he took more than 400 to classes, are sure to bring a period of the government industrial school in criticism and controversy. The third the city, where they are being trained feature will be church organization, for occupations in which they can bringing together the large materials earn wages.

that are ready to be woven into the Seventy-one of the number who fabric. were found to be blind, were frankly Each of these signs of the times is admitted to be too great a problem an appeal to the strong men and for the authorities to handle. There women in our colleges to give their was nothing to do but to appeal to lives to China at this crisis. the missionaries for assistance, and ITHE TRANSFORMATION OF CANTON Dr. Mary Niles was besought to re- T used to be a common proverb in ceive the blind children into her China, "If you wish to be wicked, school. They are now being taught go to Canton." The countless forms to read and write the Braille system, of iniquity found in Canton could and will be trained for self-supportscarcely be duplicated in any other ing occupations, such as knitting, lace city of the world. Now all this is work and massage. Some of those changed. There is not an open at least who turn to Christ will be gambling den in this city of over a given work as Bible women under million and a half of people. Opium missionary control. smoking, China's greatest curse, is gone, never to return. Twelve of But not all China has received the 13 Confucian temples of the city Chdstianity. There is still a crying have been turned over to the control need for more workers and more of the educational department of the money for the support of those in government to be used as schools. the field. These refonns undoubtedly are the I A REVIVAL IN WEST CHINA N the far-away province of Kansu, result of the influence of Christianity West China, remarkable results upon China. Since the banishment have followed a series of meetings of the Manchus and the formation of conducted by Rev. A. Lutley of the the Republic, marvelous strides have China Inland Mission, and a Chinese

evangelist, Wang. An eye-witness of fest having stolen many things while the work writes as follows to the working on the mission station. All Christian and Missionary Alliance: the mission evangelists and colpor- "At the very first meeting in Tihtao teurs, and nearly all the Christians great conviction of sin took hold of were filled with an earnest desire to the Christians. Those who had been live a holy life and help win souls for at enmity were reconciled; those who Christ.

had stolen returned the things taken, The West China Mission, which and all the Christians, with perhaps was formerly in the hardest and most only one or two exceptions, were thor- unyielding field, has now become one oughly broken up and made a clean of the greatest harvest fields in mis- confession of things that were wrong sion work.

in their lives. This made room for NORTH AFRICA DISCARDING ISLAM the incoming of the Holy Spirit, and the joy that followed can not be W RILE many tribe" of Central described. A number of unconverted Africa have been turning were also brought into fel10wship toward Mohammed and have been with Christ, and voluntarily came to taking the teachings of the Koran as the front and con fest their sins. At their law of life, North Africa is the last meeting a thank-offering was breaking away from Islam. The new taken, which was so generously re- spirit in Egypt is diffusing itself all sponded to that the women took off along the Mediterranean coast, and their earrings and other silver orna- great political changes are taking ments and gave them to the Lord's place. Germany, England, France, work." and Italy are present in the adminis- During the meetings in Minchau tration of all North African countries in the English prayer meeting early 111 some form or other, or to some in the morning the missionaries degree. The Church has taken ad- brought those before God in prayer vantage of the new condition and that were especially laid on their the native church of Egypt, through hearts, and in almost every case these the influence of the American Mis- can fest their sins before the day sion, is sending miSSIOnaries to closed. An old woman, who had neighboring lands. The Methodist never been in the chapel before, went Episcopal Church has organized mis- to the meetings and broke down ut- sion work, under Bishop Hartzell, in· terly, confessing her sins with great a field embracing Morocco, Algiers, weeping, and experienced peace from Tunisia, and Tripoli. The Rev. E.

God. Her husband was also saved. A F. Frease, superintendent of the woman who had been in the mission's North Africa Mission, writes: "The employ 5 years, but who had never way is at last opening for the Chris- shown any desire to be .a Christian, tian Church to throw an adequate became One of the brightest of the missionary force into the vast region Christian women. Her husband, a from Morocco to the Red Sea for a c<l;rpenter, who never before had strong, persistent attack on Islam shown any real earnest desire for sal- under conditions the most extraordi- vation, was thoroughly saved and con- narily favorable and from there grad-

ually across the Sahara to the Sudan, The need of a Christian university following up great channels of com- of first rank was emphasized. munications now opening up." NEW LIFE IN THE ANCIENT SYRIAN THE MOTT CONFERENCES IN JAPAN CHURCH W RILE the immediate outcome T HE ancient Syrian Church of of Dr. Mott's work in Japan Malabar claims to have been (April 3-11) may not have been so founded by the Apostle Thomas. A dramatic as in India, or so remarkable large. section is known as the Reas that in China, yet a powerful formed Church of St. Thomas, and impression for good was made. The these Christians assemble annually at first conference was with about 75 a convention at Maramanna, in Travrepresentative missionaries, the ancore, for the deepening of the spirisecond, with some So Japanese leaders, tual life. The meetings this year, and the third, with lOO prominent mis- which lasted for eight days, were held sionaries and Japanese. in a temporary shed, seatmg 20,000 people, which was full on more than The program for the first two one occasion. All round the outskirts assemblies was identical, and their of the building Cattanars (Syrian findings were discust and voted up- priests) were seated, who kept order on by the joint conference, under the and took up the collections, bringing following headings: Occupation of the the money to the platform. Meetings Field; The Japanese Church; Raising were held for both men and women, up Christian Leaders; Training of and some were attended by both, each Missionaries; Christian Education; sex sitting separately. Christian Leadership; Evangelistic Work; Vomen's Work; Cooperation. The speakers at these meetings were European missionaries, two of them Among the striking facts brought belonging to C.M.S., one a Presbyout and the findings formally adopted terian and one a Wesleyan. The were these: preaching was very earnest and good, and was well translated by some of Only 20 per cent. of Japan's popula- the educated Syrian young men. The tion is being reached at present. order and silence of the vast assembly were wonderful. Hour after hour, There are in Formosa 121,000 day after day during the eight days of savage aborigines who have no oppor- this convention this great audience tunity of hearing the gospel. listened. The presence of God and the power of His Spirit was in the midst. The 300,000 Japanese in Korea and Manchuria are especially open to Dr. Louis Meyer, editor of Fun- Christian instruction. damentals, the eminent lecturer on missions to Jews, and Bible teach- To occupy properly the field the er and the efficient coeditor of this Japanese working force should be REVIEW, died in California on July quadrupled and the foreign (evange- 11th, of tuberculosis. His place listic) missionary force should be can never be adequately filled.- doubled. D. L. P.

There is to be a Japan Continuation Committee of 45 members.

A three-year aggressive evangelistic campaign was decided upon.

BORDEN AND HIS GUIDE MOUNTAIN CLIMllING IN

This was one of his favorite forms of recreation during his last summer in Switzerland AN IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND CHARACTER OF WILUAM WHITING BORDEN· BY PROFESSOR CHARLES R. ERDMAN, D.D., PRINCETON. N. J.

m.S INCE the death of Ion' a difficult and important task, is Keith-Falconer. at called from the field, when the service '. Aden, ~r.abia, in 1887, is but begun; and the Christian world . the rillsslOnary world wonders at the inscrutable providence , . has suffered no more of God.

-. mysterious loss than in Many points of similarity have the death of William Whiting Bor- been noted in these two brief lives.

den, which occurred on April 9, 1913, One was of the flower of British at Cairo, Egypt. In each case, a nobility; the other represented the chosen workman, peculiarly fitted for best product of American social and • The Biography of William W. Borden is being prepared by Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., at the request of the family. Any friends who have letters or incidents that they could contribute are requested to sena them immediately to the ed itor of this REVIEW.

academic life. Both were men of definite religious convictions, in a physical and intellectual strength, of public confession of faith in Christ, unusual wealth, of marked personal at- in habits of Bible study, and in the tractiveness, who were wholly devoted daily prayer "that the will of God to the service of Christ. Both studied might be wrought out in his life." in Egypt in preparation for mIS- This is the real secret of his resionary work among Moslems. Both markable character and his unusual left behind them surprizingly wide career. circles of influence in lives they had affected, in forms of service they had William Borden's school life was fostered. When the heroic death of spent at the University School, and Keith-Falconer was announced at the Manual Training School of Chi- New College, Edinburgh, and a vol- cago, and at the "Hill School," Pottsunteer was asked for his place, it town, Pa. Before entering Yale Uniis said that thirteen of the graduating versity in 1905, he spent a year in class at once responded. The example foreign travel, and it was an experiof Keith-Falconer's consecration was ence that turned the whole tenor of an important factor in establishing the his life and thought. The Rev. Student Volunteer Movement which, Walter C. Erdman, who is now servin the next few years, led thousands ing as a missionary in Korea, was of young men and young women of chosen as a Christian companion to England and America to undertake accompany him in a tour of the service on the foreign field. Wil- world. They visited Japan, China, liam Borden, in addition to other abid- India, Egypt, Syria and Turkey, ening influences of his life and service, joying unusual opportunities to obhas bequeathed for the evangelizing serve the problems, the methods, and of the world a larger sum than any the results of Christian work in many man of equal years in the entire his- of the great mission fields. They tory of the Christian Church. saw the great and indescribable need of the world for the Gospel. To one Boyhood and School Life who was convinced of the unique power of Christ to meet that need, In the very year Keith-Falconer the call to service was definite and died in Arabia, William Borden was clear. William Borden's decisions born in the city of Chicago, on No- were never hasty, but both he and vember I, 1887. He was a son of his companion returned from that the late William Borden and of Mary tour with a purpose, if God so willed de Garmo Whiting Borden. From it, to devote their lives to service on his father he inherited business qual- the foreign field. He had not been ities of a high order, executive abil- in mission lands eight weeks when ity, exactness, fairness of mind, fa- he wrote home that he wished to cility in reading character, prompt- become a foreign missionary. Later, ness, decision, and a rare kindliness when he was asked by a wondering of jL1d~ment which made him abso- friend why he planned LO throw his lutely silent as to the faults and fail- life away among the heathen, he reings of others. To his mother he plied significantly: uYou have never was indebted for the influences seen heathenism." which, in early boyhood, resulted in

IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER 56<

This year of travel was marked by with the Scripture standards, in another important experience. 'When thngs both great and small, that he in England, shortly before sailing for might please his Master-"bringing home, he attended a meeting in Lon- every thought into captivity to the obe- dience of Christ." This became the THE BOY ATHLETE vital and controlling purpose of his career. William Borden, at the Hill School, and later at college and seminary, was fond of all When Borden entered Yale U ni- forms. of athletics, and was successful versity in the fall of 1905, he at in tennis, football, golf and once became a positive factor in the yachting religious life of the institution. He was active in athletics, a good boxer, don conducted by the Rev. R. A. skilful at tennis and as a yachtsman, Torrey, D.D., where the truths empha- and became very fond of mountain sized were the tests of the New Birth. climbing. At the same time he main- These, given in the First Epistle of tained a high standard of scholar- ] ohn, are righteousness, avoidance of ship, qualified twice over (in two known sin, love of the brethren, be- separate years), for election to the lief in Christ as the Son of God, and Phi Beta Kappa, of which society he overcoming the world. As was his became the president. But it was custom, Borden took careful notes and not in the athletic nor in the acaadded original comments. A new de- demic activities of the university that termination was born in him that day his influence was most strongly felt; to bring all his life into conformity it was 'father in the lines of definite Christian work. He was elected class deacon, served as leader of the Student Volunteer Band for Foreign Missions, and for two years was president of the Connecticut Valley Student Volunteer Union. He also generously contributed to the Yale Mission in Central China, and aided in the formation of bands for prayer and for Bible study, and in the or- ganization of classes for mission study. Any college man will realize what it cost him to refuse to allow his name to be considered for elec- tion to any of the popular college secret societies. This decision he reached, not so much on the ground that it would separate him from some of his fellow students, as for fear lest it might bring in some- thing between himself and the serv- ice of his Lord.

Religious Life at Yale tured university student, kneeling in His activities in religious work prayer, at the Yale Hope Mission, were not by any means confined to with his arm around one of those the sphere of university life. In his hopeless drunken men for whom the sophomore year Borden was asked to mission had been started. At the join a little group in one of the memorial service held in New rooms of Dwight Hall (the Univer- Haven, some of the most striking sity Y. M. C. A. Building), and tributes were from the lips of men there pray that the way might be whom Borden had brought to Christ.

opened to start a Gospel mission, to Dr. William H. Sallmon, secretary bring the Gospel message every night and treasurer of Yale Mission in to the helpless and homeless and China, writes in The Yale News: hopeless men of New Haven. The "A deacon of his class, a member of result was the founding of the Yale the Senior Council, he will best be Hope Mission at 55 to 59 Court remembered as a man who devoted Street, in March, I 907, a work himself to the moral and spiritual largely financed by Borden's gener- betterment of men. He was an ar- ous gifts. Great numbers of men dent supporter of Yale in China, have been reached by this rescue generously supplying the funds to mission, and it has also had a marked keep a classmate as his representa- influence upon the university men. tive in that field. His monument in Many have been enlisted as workers New Haven is the Yale Hope Mis- there, and have learned the joy of sion, of which he was the founder Christian service, while others, who and patron."

came to the mission out of curiosity Of his general influence in the or friendly interest, have there been university, one of his classmates convinced of the power of Christ to writes: "He seemed like a fixt "save unto the uttermost:' beacon-light in moving waters, by Professor Henry B. Wright, of which the fellows could safely steer Yale, gives this testimony: "It is my their course; he was so uncompro- firm conviction that Yale Hope Mis- mising with anything that he con- sion has done more to convince all sidered wrong; he was so determined classes of men at Yale of the power to carry out every plan that he and practicability of Christianity to thought right."

regenerate individuals and commu- Upon his graduation, in I909, Wil- nities than any other force in the liam Borden was at first inclined to university. Its influence for good enter at once upon missionary ser- among the students has been inesti- vice, but was wisely advised to equip mable." The Rev. Henry W. Frost himself more thoroughly by taking a once asked a distinguished foreigner full course in theology. He accord- whom he had been showing some of ingly entered Princeton Theological the wonders of America, what he Seminary in the fall of the same considered the most remarkable thing year. His modesty, his clear vision he had seen in this country. The of duty, his physical, mental and foreigner replied at once that it was spiritual vigor, and many other ad- William Borden, the wealthy, cul- mirable qualities endeared him at

IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER 57!

once both to professors and students. Cairo. To the work of the National During his three years' stay in Bible Institute in particular he gave Princeton, his mother transferred her much time and earnest effort. He residence from Chicago to Princeton, never allowed these varied activities, where there was extended to his fel- however, to interfere with his regulow students the most generous hos- lar duties in connection with his pitality. The students were not only theological course. No student was influenced by what they saw of his more diligent, more faithful, more beautiful life in the family circle, but loved by those who knew him best. were there privileged to meet missionaries and other Christian workers The summer of J912, after his from all parts of the world. graduation from the seminary, was spent chiefly in evangelistic work in Seminary Days in Princeton New York City, in connection with the National Bible Institute. This In the seminary Borden was a involved not only administrative duleader in student activities, and was ties in the office, but also street particularly prominent in all that preaching, the conduct of open-air concerned missionary service. Dur- services, and the distributing of ing his first year he was a delegate tracts and Testaments and other reto the Student Volunteer Convention ligious literature. at Rochester, and there rendered most self-denying service in con- In September, William Borden nection with the ':missionary exhib- vas ordained to the ministry, in the its." The same year he was ap- Moody Church, Chicago, of which pointed as a delegate to the World he was a member. The following Missionary Conference at Edinburgh, three months he gave his services to represent the China Inland Mis- as a traveling secretary of the Stusion, which he served as the young- dent Volunteer Movement, and vispst member of the American Coun- ited many of the eastern colleges, cil. His knowledge of missionary where he aroused new interest in literature, missionary leaders, and the needs of the unevangelized worldr missionary activities made him a On December 2I, 1911, he had ofdefinite force in the missicnary life fered himself for service under the of the seminary. By deputation work China Inland Mission; and on April in schools and colleges he also ex- 8, 1912, just one year and one day tended his influence beyond the before the date of his death, he rebounds of his own institution. ceived his appointment, at a meeting of the council held in Philadelphia. During these busy seminary days his sympathies were by no means He had learned that there were confined to work on the foreign field, more than 10,000,000 Chinese Mosfor he was at the same time serving lems to whom no Christian mis:;ionas a director of the Chicago Bible ary has ever been sent, and at his Institute, and of the National Bible own request, he was assigned to Institute of New York, and was an work among the Mohammedans of active member of the American Com- Kansu, the westernmost province of mittee of the Nile Mission Press, of China. He chose this field because

of its difficulty and its appalling vices were held not only in Cairo, but need. in Chicago, in Princeton, in Phila- Last Days in Cairo delphia, in New Haven, and in New In December last, he left for York.* The daily papers in every Cairo, Egypt, to perfect his prepara- part of the world printed more or tion by special study in Arabic, and less extended accounts of the life in Moslem literature under the di- in which a universal interest was rection of his friend, Dr. Samuel M. awakened by its high promise and Zwemer. During these three months tragic end.

he endeared himself to all the mis- An Ideal Volunteer sionaries with whom he came in con- Even a superficial study of Wil- tact, and encouraged them in all liam Borden's life and character sug- forms of service. He was instru- gests the qualifications of an ideal mental in the distribution among the missionary volunteer.

Moslems of 12,000 Christian tracts, We see in him, first of all, the and greatly furthered the work of peculiar endowment for missionary the Nile Mission Press. Of these service, the gifts of physical and months spent in Cairo, Dr. S. M. mental strength, of wealth and so- Zwemer has written: "William Bor- cial position, of culture, of inspiring den left a deep impression here at friendships. These endowments may the study center, even during 'his be granted to few of us in the same short stay. He was identified with degree, yet the example of this life every good movement of the mis- is none the less stimulating. Here sions and the Y. M. C. A., and per- was one who was faithful, not in the sonally superintended a house-to- few, but in the "many things," and house convass of Cairo with Chris- it surely requires a higher degree of tian literature, and was greatly be- consecration to use many talents well loved by all those who learned to than to be faithful with a few. In know him even for such a short our Lord's parable, the talent of the time. We hope the message of his slothful servant was given, not to the life will tell for the cause in America one whose two had gained other two, and in China as much as it has and but to him whose five had gained will in Cairo." five. If William Borden was faithful On March 21st he was .taken ill in the use of his many gifts, how with spinal meningitis, and died on much easier should it be for others April 9th. Before news of his illness to prove faithful with their few.

had been received, his mother and There was also the clear mission- younger sister had sailed from New ary vision. It is true that this was York to spend some time with Wil- awakened by the unusual opportu- liam in the East, and they arrived in nity of a world tour; but it was Cairo only a few hours after his *' Accounts of SOme of these services appeared death. His body was laid to rest in the American Mission Cemetery at in the Princeton Seminary Bulletin, and in special Cairo, in a land of the very Moslems memorial numbers of The Bible To·Day. A beaufor whose redemption he had given tiful appreciation also app'eared in The Sundayhis life. Impressive memorial ser- school Times. Philadelphia. from the pen of the Rev. Henry W. Frost, an intimate friend of the family and the American director of the China Inland lrIission.

9 1 31 AN IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER

brightened and broadened by patient not commend itself to his judgment investigation, and by constant study as a Christian steward, and it was and reading. Many other young men refused. How many would have have returned from the Far East made the donation merely for the without having taken the trouble to sake of friendship! How few would visit the missions, and with the re- have declined for the sake of Christ. sulting incriminating confession that they "do not believe in foreign mis- Last Will and Testament sions." Others, who have had their eyes opened to the world's appalling This same sense of stewardship is need while at home, have -turned in- embodied in his "last will and testadifferently from the sight; or they ment," which stands as an example have allowed the appealing vision and an appeal to the whole Church to grow dim through a wilful or of Christ. It is an extraordinary careless neglect of the'means which document, not only in view of the are found on every hand for receiv- actual bequests which it provides, but ing missionary intelligence and culti- also because of the spirit it manifests vating missionary zeal. of loyalty to Christ and devotion to the work of world evangelization. Complete Dedication It is in itself a missionary appeal. Its largest provision is for the China We see likewise a complete dedi- Inland Mission, in connection with cation to the missionary task. It is which the donor had expected to one thing to see the need and to pos- serve and on whose council he held sess the means for giving relief; it a place. For the work of this misit quite another thing to yield all that one has and is to the service of sion he bequeathed the sum of $250,- Christ. Here was a young man who not only surrendered all, but who 000; and with unique sympathy and did so in such a spirit as to indicate, thoughtfulness for one so young, this as Professor William Brenton Greene was added: "I suggest that $100,000 suggests, not only the duty of con- of this amount be invested, and the secration, but the joy and blessedness income thereof be used for the supof consecration. When he saw the port and maintenance of missionneed of men, and the glory of his aries and other workers connected Lord, he cried out with alacrity and with said Mission who through age in true sincerity: "Here ani I, send or infirmity have become incapacime." tated for active service in the mis- sion field or at home, and who are William Borden is a striking ex- in need of and deserving of aid." ample of Christian stewardship, which is another expression of sincere dedi- The sum of $100,000 was left to cation to Christ. His money was a the National Bible Institute of New sacred trust, and he was as careful York; and like amounts 'to the in his gifts as he was generous. An Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, intimate acquaintance has told of an and to the Chicago Avenue Church; appeal which he made to Borden on $50,000 each was given to Princeton the ground of personal friendship; Theological Seminary, to the Board but it was for an object which did of Foreign Missions of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., to the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby-

terian Church, U. S. (South), to the ther my desire," so runs the will, Board of Foreign Missions of the "that the said bequests hereinbefore United Presbyterian Church, and to made be used and disposed of in ac- the Chicago Hebrew Mission; and cordance with the following recom- $25,000 each to the Nile Mission mendations by me, to wit: That each Press, to the American Bible Society, of said bequests be used for and in to the Chicago Tract Society, and to connection with mlsSlonaries and the African Inland Mission. Of the teachers who are sound in the faith, remaining estate the China Inland believing in such fundamentals as the Mission and the three Presbyterian doctrine of the divine inspiration and boards were made the residuary lega- authority of the Scriptures, the doc- tees. trine of the Trinity, including the The devising of money is a mucb Deity of Jesus Christ, and in the doc- simpler matter than the devotion of trine of the atonement through the a life. The fact that he belonged substitutionary death of our Lord wholly to Christ, and that there were Jesus Christ. . . I declare that millions of Moslems in Western each and all the gifts shall be absolute China whom no one had volunteered and unconditional gifts to the respect- to evangelize, led William Borden ive beneficiaries (except as they are to undertake this difficult and for- conditioned by the doctrinal require- bidding task. For this work he gave ments which I have made above), his life. There may be those who, rand that my purpose in expressing wiII ask, "to what. purpose this· my desire as to the mode in which waste ?" There can be no doubt of' the same, or any of the same, shall the approval of that Lord who beheld be used. . has been and is the vision of a world filled with the merely to indicate my considered fragrance of the perfume which in wishes and judgment, and not to seeming extravagance was poured impose upon them any legal obIiga- upon His feet. Whatever of wealth tion to carry out my desires if, for or of life is dedicated to Him is any reason they deem it best not to accepted by Him and used in ever comply with the same."

widening spheres of blest influence.

Another provision of the last will Personal Convictions and testament suggests that William William Borden's own definite and Borden had a definite and adequate clear religious convictions appear fur- missionary message. Nothing troubled ther in the standards of the National him more than to see men of culture, Bible Institute for which he drafted ability and devotion planning to un- the articles of belief. They appear dertake missionary work while they again in the declaration of his per- were evidently ignorant of the great sonal faith, which he submitted to essential truths of the Gospel. He the council of the China Inland Mis- therefore requested that his money sion when applying for appointment, should be used in the support of only and in the article written by him for such men as held absolutely to the The Bible To-Day, entitled "What deity of Christ and His vicarious, is a Christian." In the latter ar- atoning death for sinners. "It is fur- ticle he says:

IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER

"A Christian is first of all one who in the army of God. He was too has Jesus Christ as his personal Sa- big to wear the distinctive colors of vior. But in the New Testament any regiment."

,'ie find that Christ was not looked upon as Savior alone, but also as Thorough Preparation Lord. It was the Lord Jesus Christ The full course of study during whose name his followers bore, and which these convictions were matur- that meant that he had absolute juris- ing, and his faithful devotion to hi~ diction over them. (I Cor. 6: 19, 20. academic and theological disciplines, Rom. 12; 1-2. Philip I :21.) A suggest a helpful message in the Christian is not merely one who matter of missionary preparation. He trusts in Christ for salvation, but believed that this should be broad and thorough, with special adaptation one who also strives earnestly to to the needs of his particular field. He was not one of those who feel please Him in all things, great and willing to rely upon natural re- sources, or who postpone serious small. But Christ was even more work until they reach their mission than this to the early disciples.

He Himself was God manifest in the flesh. A Christian is one who worships and adores Him, to- stations. He worked with diligence, gether with the Father and the Holy with this in view, during all the Spirit, as very God of very God." years of his university and seminary Among the beliefs which were par- course, and elected branches of study which he believed would equip ticularly precious to him were those him for his chosen task. This led related to the inspiration of the him to the study of Arabic in Prince- Bible, justification by faith, the re- generating power of the Holy Spirit, ton, and to go to Cairo for special the grace of God in Christ, the spirit- work with Dr. Zwemer.

ual union of all true believers of Yet more striking was his example every denomination, and the person- in the matter of present missionary al pre-millenial return of our Lord. effort. He felt that one who was to His acceptance of such truths was save souls in China should begin never careless, for he was always rescuing men in New Haven, and ready to give a reason to every man that one who was to speak in the for the faith that was in him. These bazaars and market places of the truths were the inspiration of his Far East should not be ashamed to life and the explanation of his ca- preach on the streets and in the reer. parks of New York. Still more, he In spite of the definiteness and de- showed that one who was preparing cidedness of his beliefs, he was broad for world-wide evangelization must and generous in his sympathies. As have the broad sympathies which Dr. Zwemer declared at the memorial lead to participation in all forms of service in Cairo: "He gript the Christian service, and which obliter- essentials. He had no shibboleth. ate the lines between "home" and His was no narrow creed. His "foreign," and which do not recog- Egyptian brethren could never have nize any arbitrary limitation of sect.

told to which regiment he belonged The student who engages in varying

forms of Christian service at home to a fruitful visitation of the leadis being prepared for the largest and ing eastern colleges and universities, best work abroad. It was this de- and many are the students who wittermination to be thoroughly prepared ness to the influence exerted upon for his difficult task that made Wil- them by personal contact with him liam Borden so diligent a student at during those memorable days. New Haven and at Princeton, and it further resulted in two unique proj- One who has just returned from ects. The first was his plan to se- the Orient and whose knowledge of cure his degree of Master of Arts the student centers there and in from Yale University by reading in America makes him best qualified to the department of missionary science. judge, remarked recently that the ef- The second was to pursue the study fect of the life and example of Wilof Arabic in preparation for work liam Borden would result in bringing among people who spoke Chinese. into missionary service hundreds of The latter plan led him to Cairo; the strongest and ablest volunteers. and during those crowning months Nor is the influence of that life to of his career he showed in most be confined to those who will enter marked degree the same zeal in specific forms of Christian service. study and enthusiasm for Christian There is something deeply significant service which had characterized his in the words written by one Yale whole course of preparation for mis- classmate to another on the day that sionary service. word was received of their common loss: "The unbelievable has appar- Recruiting for Missions ently happened, and I feel over- whelmed with the sense of the small- One certain result of "the message ness of life; but there is one thing of his life" will be an immediate in- I know, that if ever a man was crease of volunteers for missionary guided by God's will in his life, that service; and this suggests another man was 'Bill.' His life and his particular in which he was an ideal firm purpose to be a missionary have missionary candidate; he was ever been an inspiration to me for more recrtliting for missions. He was not than six years, and I know his influonly a volunteer, but he was seeking ence will never depart from me. . to enlist others. The leaders of the Let us continue his influence in our Student Volunteer Movement for lives and do something he would Foreign Missions bear eager testi- have approved." mony to his devotion to this great cause. Not only did he support it by The Secret of the life generous financial contributions, but he devoted unstinted time and effort The secret of such a wide and to the work. He served as a leader abiding influence is not difficult to in the volunteer bands at the "Hill discern. It is found in a whole- School," at New Haven, and at hearted and complete dedication to Princeton. He attended the great Christ. This devotion was maniconventions and helped to further fested in the stedfastness with which their success. He finally gave the he adhered to any course which he last months of his life in America believed his Master had marked out, and in the faithful observance of

those practises which stimulated and versation with men whom he meets nourished his spiritual life. When in the colleges: "Are you steering he was convinced that anything was or drifting?" Borden comments: in accordance with the will of his "This served to open up the whole Master as indicated by Scripture or question of a student's choice of his Providence, that thing was hence- life work. The dangers of drifting forth an actual part of his life. He were, of course, manifest, and if a would allow no circumstances to in- young man said he was steering, the terfere with the daily reading of his next question might well be, 'What Bible, nor with the precious privilege is your goal' and 'Who is in the of daily prayer with his beloved boat with you.' May each one of mother. When he had joined the us be able to say that we are steer- Princeton Volunteer Band, he was ing, and that He is not only on certain all during the winter months board, but at the helm." Noone who to be present at the prayer meeting, ever spent a day with William Borbefore breakfast, at seven o'clock, den doubted that he was steering, every Wednesday morning; and when and that his course was being dihe had identified himself with the rected by his Master and his Lord. National Bible Institute, he was And now that he has "crossed the found in the summer, giving up rest bar" and seen "his Pilot face to face," and recreation to carryon the work his fellow Christians are privileged to in the offices and to preach in the rejoice as they see the abiding influstreets of New York. This dedica- ences of his course and the many tion to Christ gave to his character who are being led to follow in the its peculiar transparency, and gentle- way he went. They are assured that ness, and strength. his faith is triumphant, his hope for the cause of his Master made more He was particularly influenced by radiant, and his love for them and that saying of Mr. Moody which he for Him made perfect. "For now often quoted; "The world has yet abideth faith, hope, love; these three, to see what God can do with a fully but the greatest of these is love." surrendered man." William Borden had a laudable desire to be such a Every remembrance of this comman. One of the last articles he pleted life, every review of this finever wrote was a history of the ished career, brings to each of us an "Origin of the Student Volunteer added responsibility, an inspiring in- Movement for Foreign Missions," centive to action, a clear, commanding which appeared in a recent number call to press forward with devotion of the Christian Workers' Magazine. and courage and zeal, to the supreme In this he quotes a question which task of proclaiming the Gospel of Mr. Robert P. Wilder uses in con- Christ to all the world.

The consecration of all to our Master, far from lessening our power to impart, increases both our power and our joy in ministration. The five loaves and two fishes of the disciple, first given up to and blest by the Lord, were abundant supply for the needy multitudes, and grew, in the act of distribution, into a store, of which twelve hampers full of fragments remained, when all were fully satisfied.-HuDsoN TAYLOR.

HEART OF THE MOHAMMEDAN WOl'rlAN*

BY MRS. BENJAMIN W. LABAREE E sat in the apartment radation and humiliation–who can blame her if her heart is not happy lWi of a Mohammedan and care-free? The very physical princess, not in her trials which come to her because she grand reception room is a Mohammedan woman add ~ where she had usually entertained us, but in greatly to her suffering. The Koran the more familiar sitting-room up- itself allows a man to beat his wife, stairs. With our feet cosily tucked tho with the distinction that he "must under the handsome qUilt that cov- not beat her as he would a slave."

ered the pan of charcoals, we sat on In Moslem lands there are no in- comfortable cushions on the floor and stitutions for the care of the insane, listened while she told us of her se- the crippled, and others who are vere illness, of how she was going helpless, except such institutions as to Russia to see a specialist, and have been introduced through Chris- of her awful fear lest she should tian missionaries or in imitation of soon become blind. Suddenly she their example.

exclaimed; There came once to our dispensary "Will you pray for me? Your in U rumia an old woman with a hearts are good and pure, and God girl of 16 or 17, who was deaf, will hear you. He would not listen dumb and blind. She appealed for to me, for my heart is impure and help to the physician, and to her deep bad." sorrow, found there was nothing that It was a longing cry from the could be done to cure the girl. In heart of a Mohammedan ''ioman, a despair, the old grandmother asked, heart which she felt to be utterly "What can I do? Must I kill her?"

unworthy of addressing hff Maker, The lady physician talked to them but a heart that reached out with in- lovingly and sent them away. They tense desire to a Divine Power and came again and again, but nothing to those who could put her in touch could be done to effect a cure. Some with that Power. years after the doctor had returned Shall I tell you something about from her furlough, a woman arrived the heart of the Mohammedan wom- on dispensary morning whose face an? Listen, then, and try to realize seemed familiar. She brought a girl of first what a suffering heart it is. about twelve who was deaf and dumb, Why should it not be sad and sor- and something about the case caused rowful, when one of the Mohamme- the doctor to look more closely and dan holy books says, "The threshold to ask, "Were you not here once be- of the house weeps 40 days whenever fore with another granddaughter?

a girl is born"? Unwe!comed, con- What has become of her?" With the sidered inferior to her brothers and tears streaming down her face, the father and husband, and surrounded poor, old woman answered, "I had by so much in her religion and cir- to poison her. There was nothing cumstances that simply means Jeg- else to be done."

* From an address delivered at 1Ir. and 1>1rs. E. E. Olcott's Parlor Meeting, New York. in the interests of the Nile Mission Press, January. 1913. A Fearful Heart "Do you mean to say that your It is not only a sorrowful heart husband can not divorce you?"

that the Moslem woman carries, but "N0, it is against the law of our it is a heart full of fear, full of sus- religion."

picion, dread, and horror. We can "Oh! that must be a good reli- scarcely realize how many things have gion!" exclaimed a woman once, after to be avoided in order not to bring such a question and answer. A few the "evil eye" upon her, nor how real moments before she had been mourn- and terrible is the suffering on the ing that I was not a Mohammedan, part of those subjected to these su- and thus could have no hope of perstitious fears. If, for instance, heaven.

some one in the room sneezes once, A Jealous Heart it is sure to bring misfortune; two sneezes are all right. It took me We will not be surprized to find some time, when in company with the heart of the Mohammedan woman my Mohammedan friends, to learn to a very jealous heart when 'we learn invent a second sneeze when it did something of her home-life. Never not come naturally! can I forget the scenes in some of There is the fear that hangs over the homes visited in Persia, where the young girl as she is sent out there were two or three wives of the from her father's home to an un- same man, and the superior wife, the known husband, -an unknown mother- one in special favor, would receive in-law, and the absolutely unknown her callers and do all the honors of future. The little, shrinking girl, af- the home, while some older woman ter a question has been asked by a who had borne children to her huspriest outside the curtain or a win- band and had at one time been at dow, and 'Some old woman has an- the head of that home was not even swered for her, must sit, silent and allowed to sit in our presence. These almost motionless through the long conditions very often result in the festivities, awaiting the moment when poisoning of some favored wife by her husband comes into the room others, or in inflicting some terrible where she has been placed, lifts the injury. The results are disastrous, veil, and looks at her. In some re- not only to those who are injured, gions she knows full well that if he but in the reactipn upon the hearts does not like her appearance, he may of those whose jealousy drives them spit in her face and send her back to to desperate deeds.

her father. Even when this does not Impure Hearts occur, she knows that if she fails to bear him a son, if her health or her Do you wonder that we must speak beauty is lost, he may at a word di- of an impure heart after we have vorce her, or may bring in another visited these Moslem homes? It wife who will take the first place in. would be impossible for me to de- his affections. scribe to you the sin and impurity There is horrible, grinding fear of thought, word, and deed which all the time, and these women look are revealed to us who try to take into our faces and say: something of the light of Christ into

Mohammedan homes. Once, as a of the missionary ladies overheard man suddenly came into the room the old grandmother asking, "How and the women who were not of the do these people pray?" Shouting household cowered away in the cor- across the large room, the missionary ner and pulled their chudders over told of how we go to our Heavenly their faces, the incident led to con- Father with all that concerns us, of versation, and I can not forget how family prayer, and secret prayer; and one woman exclaimed, "It is all then we were electrified, as our host- right for you to see and be seen. ess asked, "Did you bring the Book?

Your hearts are pure, but ours are Will you read us something?" Next not." day they said to a mutual friend of Hungry Hearts ours, "Those women seemed so free and happy,' while we-we are just Not only do we find a sorrowful like animals caged in."

heart, a heart full of fear and jeal- Responsive Hearts ousy and impurity, but it is a hungry heart as well. One day a Moham- Yes, they are hungry for some- medan woman, the sister of a high thing bigger and better, and as we.

ecclesiastic, called on us with her see how many of them use the op- daughter, daughter-in-law, several portunities they have, we realize that children, and a number of servants. we are dealing with responsive hearts.

It was a call of curiosity, and one of See how they are responding in vari- the most uncomfortable I have ever ous Mohammedan lands-Turkey, received. They refused to drink our Egypt, Persia-where changes are pussy-willow water because anything taking place with startling rapidity.

wet belonging to a Christian defiles It seems strange, indeed, to read of one so much more quickly than some- the "New Woman in Persia," and to thing dry; a few felt obliged to drink hear that in 1912 the American our tea, but hurried home to rinse School in Teheran enrolled more than their mouths 'from its unholy con- r60 Persian girls alone, while there tamination. They found fault with are said to be 70 schools for girls in us and what we said and did, and that city-schools that have sprung it was with no pleasant anticipations up suddenly in response to the eager that we started out to return their demands for education and enlighten- call. Noone received us at the gate, ment for women. At the closing ex- nor at the threshold of the house. ercises of the mission school for little In the ante-room we had to pick Moslem girls in U rumia, the mothers, our way around one of the daugh- older sisters' and neighbors sat lis- ters, who was ostentatiously saying tening in wonder and delight as the her prayers toward Mecca. The at- children told Bible stories, sang mosphere of the large reception room Christian hymns, recited their lessons was absolutely icy; and tho the in various languages and displayed proper refreshments were served with their needle-work. One mother was all due ceremony, our remarks and overheard to whisper to another, questions were answered with mono- "We are like animals, but just see syllables or not at all. Suddenly one what our daughters are going to be!"

HEART OF THE MOHAMMEDAN

Grateful Hearts Jesus Chdst and learned to rever- ence and to love Him. After finish- Many a grateful heart have I found ing the New Testament she was with among my Mohammedan friends-a difficulty persuaded to read the Old heart that tried in some way to ex- Testament, for she did not want to pres's warm appreciation for love and stop reading about Christ. But soon sympathy and help. A woman who she came with a shining face to say had accepted Christ as her Savior she had found Him in the story of came one day with her young daugh- the creation. The book of Leviticus ter, whose wailing, sickly baby was thrilled her deeply. She came to improperly nourished, and who was say how she had been comparing it forced by her mother-in-law to keep with the book of Hebrews, and the it quiet at night with doses of opium. matter seemed to her like this: The After I had shown them how to pre- book of Leviticus was like a person pare the baby's milk and had given who had a great, terrible debt (it them a much-prized American medi- is the chronic condition for a Percine bottle as a nursing bottle, the sian to be in debt which rolls up at grandmother exclaimed, "Jesus Christ 10, 20, 60, or 100 per cent. of intold us to take all our troubles to terest), and was trying to pay it half Him. We bring ours to you and you a cent at a time, while the Epistle help us!" to the Hebrews showed how Christ paid it once for all! Receptive Hearts Could any of us have explained the People in this Christian land ask us matter more satisfactorily? in tones of doubt if it is possible for a Mohammedan to become a Chris- One day Miss Van Duzee learned tian. Yes, indeed, for we have to of an old Mohammedan woman lying deal with a heart capable of receiving sick, her eyesight gone. So she Christ. Let me introduce you to my began .to call on her regularly and to friend R—, who had, marvelous read her some of the beautiful Bible to say, learned to read, and was stories. Slowly the woman began to married to a renegade Christian. He understand the "good news" through proved to be superior to any of the the glorious simplicity of those Goshusbands of her friends So that after pel words, and when one day the his death she could never be persuaded reading was about the "many manto marry again lest a Mohammedan sions," it really seemed as tho a new husband should not measure up to his light had burst in on that darkene-l excellencies. One of my missionary soul. The next week, when Miss neighbors became acquainted with Van Duzee made her call, the woman R—, and after some effort pre- was too weak for conversation or vailed on her to read tIle New Testa- reading, but she drew her visitor ment. However, as she insisted on down by the bedside and whispered, beginning at the book of Revelation, "I am going, and when I get there and was unabl~ to understand all its I am going to sweep out a mansion contents, she declared the Koran to and have it ready for you when you be far superior to the Bible. After come !" And the next week when a while, however, she began to study Miss Van Duzee called, she learned the Gospels, and there she found

that her old friend had died cal1ing hammedan wO):l1en and girls, may our for forgiveness on the sinless Christ hearts be stirred by the love of who had died for her sins. Christ to an eager response until each one of them has learned that Oh, as we think of these sinful, for her there is a mansion waiting in sorrowing, hungry, responsive hearts the home above! of the more than 100,000,000 Mo- THE GLORY OF THE IMPOSSIBLE BY MISS I. LILIAS TROTTER, TUNIS "Y ou do not test the resources of God till you try the impossible."-F. B. MEYER. "God loves with a great love the man whose heart is bursting with a passion for the impossible."-WILLIAM BOOTH. "We have a God Who delights in impossibilities."-ANDREW MURRAY.

~F AR up in the Alpine hol- as if it bore the traces of the flight lows, year by year, through which it had come. God works one of His marvels. The s now – And the fragile thing rings an patches lie there, frozen echo in our hearts that none of the into ice at their edges jewel-like flowers nestled in the warm from the strife of sunny days and turf on the slopes below, could waken. frosty nights; and through that ice- We love to see the impossible accomcrust come, unscathed, flowers in full plished. And so does q()d. bloom. **** Back in the days of the bygone summer. the little soldanella plant spread Gazing north, south, east, and west its leaves wide and flat on the ground over His world, with the signs of com- . to drink in the sun-rays, and it kept ing spring in one nation after another, them stored in the root through the two great tracts catch our eye, still winter. Then spring came, and stirred frost-bound, as it were, in snow and its pulses even below the snow-shroud. ice. Hitherto, in the main, they have And as it sprouted, warmth was given held out against the gleams of His out in such a strange measure that it sunshine, that have come to them, and thawed a little dome in the snow above it looks as if it must be long before its head. Higher and higher it grew, we shall see grass and flowers appear. and always above it rose the bell of They are the Caste Religions of India, air, till the flowerbud formed safely and yet more unbroken in its resistwithin it; and at last the icy covering ance, the power of Islam throughout of the air-bell gave way, and let the the world. blossom through into the sunshine, the crystaline texture of its mauve And the watchers there have a fight petals sparkling like the snow itself, sometimes, lest the numbness and chill that reign around should creep into their own souls with the hope de- ferred; and the longer they stay, the

GLORY OF THE

more keenly they realize the dead purpose of the devil, that these his two weight, impenetrable, immovable, that entrenched positions, shall not be shut;, down like .3 tombstone the weak wrested from him. He employs every little germs of life that lie buried be- art of hell to keep the truth from neilth it. r~aching the souls bound there; or, if It may be you have, half uncon- it reaches, from touching them; or, if ciously, avoided looking the situation it touches, from waking them into life square in the face, lest faith should and liberty.

be weakened. But faith that has to This is a distant sight of these great ignore facts is not real faith. snowfields; but it can give no sense of Think over steadily the position of the icy coldness and hardness that per- one of these imprisoned souls as he vade them. For that you need contact.

comes in contact with God's message. Then the Adversary goes a step Try to understand the intense preju- further. Not content with dealing di- dice and conservatism, the absolute rectly with his captives, he rivets their satisfaction with a creed that fits so chains by dealing with God's people well the religious instincts, and leaves about them. He works on our unbe- him so free to sin. Then, if a stir be- lief and our faintheartedness, and gins in the rigidity of his mind and breathes a half-uttered word-"impos- the torpor of his conscience, and he sible."

wakes out of the paralysis of fatalism, Ah, but he over-reaches himself it is only to stumble up against a fresh when he gets to that word. He means barrier. His very heartstrings are in- it to sound like a knell, and instead volved in the matter. Think what it of that it breaks into a ringing chime means for him, with his Eastern im- of hope: for agination and his Eastern timidity, to "Things that are impossible with face the havoc that confession of men are possible with God."

Christ would involve-the dislocation Yes: face it out to the end: cast of every social detail, the wrecking away every shadow of hope on the hu- of home and prospects, and the break- man side as a positive hindrance to the ing of the hearts of those he loves. Divine; heap the difficulties together Everything that has made life to him recklessly, and pile on as many more must go, and possibly life itself, if he as you can find; you can not get be- moves toward the light. yond that blest climax of impossibility.

Behind all this and beyond it, both Let faith swing out on Him. He is in this case of Mohammedanism and the God of the impossible.

Caste, is the strange, magnetic hold of It is no new pathway, this. "The the system over every fiber of the na- steps of … our father Abraham trod ture. It is so strong that even tiny it long ago;" and the sentences at the children are nnder its spell-creatures beginning of this paper bear witness that with us would be still in the that the footprints of those who "do nursery, take a pride and delight in know their God," mark it still.

their stern Caste regulations, and their Look in the Revised Version at the share in the Ramadan fast. And be- description of how Abraham went hind that again, and probably the true forth. He considered (there is such a explanation of the fascination, lies the beautiful quietness in the word) the

whole extent of the hopelessness, and God gives "a passion for the impos- went straight forward as if it did not sible."

exist, "being fully persuaded that what And if these promises are not He had promised He was able also to enough, there is an infinite horizon perform." out beyond them in God Himself. If But have we a promise to go on, for it were only a matter of asking Him these people? Has God spoken any- to repeat the miracles of the past, faith thing upon which we can reckon for would have plenty of room. But He them? is not bound to reproduce. He is the Do we need more than the follow- Creator: have we ever let our hearts ing? I think not. and hopes go out to the glory of that "0 Lord, my strength … the Gen- Name? Look at the tiny measure of tiles shall come unto Thee from the creative power given to man, in music, ends of the earth, and shall say, Surely poetry, art-where there is a spark of our fathers have inherited lies, vanity it, how it refuses to be fettered by and things wherein is no profit. repeating itself! The history of His "Shall a man make gods unto him- wonders in the past is a constant suc- self, and they are no gods? cession of new things, and He is not "Therefore, behold, I will this once at the end of His resources yet. Years cause them to know Mine Hand and ago, at Keswick, Dr. Campbell Morgan My Might, and they shall know that gave us this rendering of John 15.7: I am the Lord." "If ye abide in Me, and My words From the ends of the earth-the abide in you, ye shaill demand that for farthest away and the hardest to win which ye are inclined, and it shall be -they shall come with the cry of generated for you." "Generated for broken hopes that nothing can wring you"-oh the depth of the "possible from them yet, sweeping away the with God" that lies in these words!

idolized prophet and the idols of wood Will you ask Him to do a new thing and stone among the "things wherein among these fast-bound races: to there is no profit." And oh the tri- Itgenerate" a glow of Holy Ghost fire umph of the words, "I will this once that will melt its way up through all cause them to know, I will cause them the icy barriers, and set a host free?

to know Mine Hand and My Might!" Hitherto the work done has been And lifting the veil from the time more like trying to break through these to come, we have the vision, "I be- barriers from above, in the hopes of held, and 10 a great multitude which finding solitary life-germs imprisoned no man could number, of all nations, -how few they have been, and how and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stunted and weak for the most part, stood before the throne, and before the at any rate, among the Moslem races.

Lamb, clothed with white robes, and God has yet to show what can be done palms in their hands." if He stirs thus by His Spirit from Have the Mohammedans and the within.

Cas'te races a fair representation there No matter if for the time it is a hid- yet? If not, those who shall stand den process: the sunlight will be stor- before tpe throne are still to be found. ing underground as you pray, and life They will be found by those to whom will be set moving. Nothing is seen

A DEBT, OR A CHARITY-WHICH?

of the soldanella under its frozen crust, Let us, then, give ourselves up till the moment comes when the top of to believe for this new thing on the the air-bell gives way, and the flower earth. Let us dare to test God's reis there. We believe that God is be- sources on it. Let us ask Him to ginning already a mighty work below kindle in us and keep aflame that pasthe surface in these seemingly hopeless sion for the impossible that shall make fields, and that it may be with the same us deUght in it with Him, till the day suddenness that it will be manifested; when we shall see it transformed into and the miracle of the snow-hollows a fact. will be wrought afresh by the crowding up of human souls who have won "Behold, I am the Lord, the God of through in the hardest of fights. all flesh: is there anything too hard for Met"

MISSIONS A DEBT, OR A CHARITY-WHICH?

BY REV. R. H. GLOVER, D.O.

"I am debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians. . . . So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the Gospel to you also that are in Rome."-Rom. i: 14-15.

~I N these forcible words to be feared that very many even of tph~ees~grheisat owAnpopsetl~eso~eaxl- those who do profess and possess a mIssIonary convIctIon degree of interest in this work con- and resolve. He con- ceive of it merely as a charity. fest himself the hea- Is there any essential difference bethen's debtor. He owed them the tween regarding missions as a charity Gospel. Even tho he had already done and as a debt f Here comes a ragged, more along this line than any dozen unkempt creature, holding out his other men of his time, he laid no claim dirty cap to me. I recognize him as a to merit, nor considered that he was beggar. So I pull out a coin-a conferring any favor on the Romans in nickel, a dime, anything-and throw making an added effort to take them it to him. That is "charity." It is the Gospel. It was his duty, his debt, cheap: it is easy. It is free from and he was only seeking, as an honest any sense of responsibility, purely a man, to discharge it. matter of personal choice. But now another man steps up and hands me a But if it was for Paul a debt, can bit of paper. I open it and find it a it be· something less for the rest of us? Yet, the majority of professing bill of debt-for $100. Do I presume Christians regard missions with utter indifference, missionaries as an enig- to get rid of this second man as I did ma, and their task as self-imposed. the first, by flinging him the first coin They wonder by what strange freak that comes handy? By no means. It of nature certain pious people choose is a very different matter, for this is to go and live among yellow or black a debt, and I am bound to face it folks rather than stay at home. It is seriously, and do everything in my power to wipe it out, to the very last cent.

Missions viewed as a charity-sec- one supreme thing. They play at mis- ondary, optional, no serious concern sions as a sort of diversion; she works or prayer or effort, spasmodic and in- at missions as the business of her life.

significant giving. In which light have you regarded Missions viewed as a debt-pri- this work-as exprest by your pray- mary, obligatory, deep heart concern ers, your gifts, your efforts to go?

and prayer and effort, systematic and Has your conscience been convicted sacrificing giving. of a debt you owe the heathen, or Charity foots the list of your ex- have only your emotions been stirred penditure and claims your spare cash. at times with a feeling of pity?

Debt heads the list, if you are con- We OWE the heathen the Gospel; scientious, and cuts out everything we are their DEBTORS. non-essential, until it is fully met. You give a little of the interest on your Out of gratitHde for our own salva.- money to charity, but you dip deep tion, since only "by the grace of God down into your principal and give all, I am what I am"; if need be, to pay your debts. Out of loyalty to Christ, Who com- In a church where a number of the missioned us to go into all the world leading members are all earning liberal and preach the Gospel to every creasalaries, they profess great interest in ture; missions, but that church gives $25 a year to the cause. On the other hand, Out of compassion for heathen suf- I know of a colored washerwoman fering and sorrow; and finally who puts $200 into the missionary offering. It is her yearly custom. Out of the realization that in the What makes the difference between Gospel we have the only remedy for those two standards of giving? Sim- their temporal ills and the only an- swer to their soul's eternal needs.

May God convict His children of ply the viewpoint. The church treats their debts, and make them "ready, missions as a charity, the woman as as much as in them is" to meet them!

a debt, and both give acsordingly. Then, at last, will there be no lack of To the church it is one among a score missionaries to go, or intercessors to of equally important (or unimport- pray, or money to send. May this ant!) things; to the woman it is the conviction begin 'With YOU.

A WIDOW'S MITE At a mission in Northampton, EngIa-nd, a poor woman was present who earned her living by stitching boots at one halfpenny a boot. During one of the services she rose and said: "I will have a share in this effort to save souls." For 40 days she sewed two boots each day for Christ, and put aside the penny paid for them. At the end of 40 days she modestly carried the three shillings and four pence to the mission to help forward the work in the prisons of England.

S'l'PERINTEKDENT L<) NG AT HIS

PREACHING THE GOSPEL IN HELL'S HALF ACRE A STORY OF THE INASMUCH MISSION, PHILADELPHIA BY GEORGE LONG, SUPERINTENDENT OR fifty years there ex- promoting the now well-known and isted a little segregated sLlccessful "Inasmuch" Mission. village of vice which became famous, owing The story of the inception and to the fact that it was formation of this work, together with located in the heart of its unique method, has attracted the attention of religious and social Philadelphia's business and exclusive workers from everywhere; in fact, residential section. The district was the eyes of the religious world are known as Hell's Half Acre. It was centered upon it. well named. The writer, having lived in the slums of many of the large In the Beginning cities, with a full knowledge of the underworld, had never in his 20 years About July I, 1909, the wasted of experience in this life of sin and remains of what once had resembled degradation seen conditions worse a man, was drifting midst the slime than confronted him and his asso- and filth of the tenderloin of Philaciates when they opened their cam- delphia. After being ej ected from paign of rescue by organizing and his vile rendezvous he wandered aim- lessly among the hundreds of human derelicts that are found in the slums

of all large cities. Every substance budded into the glorious inspiration having been wasted, a moral, mental of the "Ina:smuch" Association, and physical wreck; dissipation had which shortly afterward blossomed sapped the last ounce 6f vitality- into the "Inasmuch" Mission. leaning against a building, with his A devoted and faithful little band brain petrified and saturated with of Christian workers, calling them- cheap whisky, cocaine, morphine and selves the Island League, give their opium, in a dazed and weakened con- time in bringing joy and comfort to dition, trembling with a thousand the poor, sick, and needy in the City fears, suffering with horrible hallu- Home on Blackwell's Island. The cinations, the refrain of that beauti- motto of this band is "'Inasmuch' as ful old hymn, "Nearer, My God, To. ye have done it unto the least of Thee," came through the open win- these, My brethren, ye have done it dow above his head. The old hymn unto Me." Mat.. 2S :40. Its presipenetrated the callous heart of its dent was a constant attendant and listener, and its magic drew him personal worker at the old Jerry through the open door of Galilee McAuley Mission, Water Street, New Mission. A feeling of security-yet York. After meeting the derelict a feeling of indescribable fear-sent mentioned above who had been led the wanderer from the little chapel to New York City, and to the famous back again into the streets. During old mission, he invited him to accomhis short stay in the meeting he heard pany the band on one of its trips to a voice, but did not recognize it at Blackwell's Island, where the fasthe time-but which he has since cination and joy in the service of learned was the voice of J esus- Christ was fully revealed to George it brought him to a realization that he Long-now superintendent of the was lost. The fear of God, some- "Inasmuch" Mission. A spiritual thing he had never known, soon drew ·vision was born in his heart. him back again to the haunts of the After a year of service, which reunderworld. Yet, when the service sulted in a remarkable spiritual and began the following night this physical growth, George Long accepted strange power drew him again to a call from the superintendent of Galithis haven of rest. Night after night lee Mission, to return to the blessed for about three weeks this human spot where he found Jesus. Six months derelict repeated his visits, until be- of endeavor as a personal worker ing noticed by the superintendent, not only resulted in the conversion who approached him as he sat in a of scores of lost souls, but enabled rear seat (with many others in a the worker to develop a Cnristian like condition), on that never-to-be- character and personality that drew forgotten, memorial night, July 20, many to him-among whom was a 1909. This worthless specimen of Christian man who told to him the humanity saw a great light, as did story of Hell's Half Acre, and inci- Saul of Tarsus, and not only was dentally remarked that there were this poor sinner born into the King- a group of 20 houses situated in dom of Heaven, but the seed was the center of this crime-ridden dissown which less than two years after trict, that had been unoccupied for

THE GOSPEL IN HELL'S HALF ACRE

a number of years: These houses dreds of decks of playing cards, sevhad been used for years and years eral discarded silk wrappers, a dozen in the past for dens of vice and or more barrels of whisky and beer crime. Dpon learning the name of bottles, etc., etc.-in fact, II loads of the owner of this property, George this sort of debris were carried from Long, with some of his associates, this one building. It must be recalled on him. It is hard to forget membered that this work was all the sympathetic smile which illumined being done on· faith. The original the good-natured face of Dr. George capital of its founders amounted to SOME OF THE RAW MATERIAL AT THE MISSION Woodward when presented with a 27 cents. The superintendent, with proposition by these redeemed men his blackened character behind him, to open a rescue mission in his de- found it very difficult to interest any serted old houses, but he quickly con- whom might help, but having felt it sented to give the use of the houses was the direct Will of God, he gratis. claimed the promises of Christ, and through consecrated prayer, one by Transformed Houses one the articles of furniture, etc., began to come in. By March 24, It took many weeks of hard work 1911, the store Of the building at to scrape and clean the main build- IOI9 Locust Street was in readiness ing, now used as a chapel, offices to hold the first meeting. At 12 and living room of the superintendent o'clock at noon on that day a little and his wife. The contents of this house, like the rest, consisted of hun-

group–made tIP of about a dozen their honor has been a new experi- men (most of them redeemed drunk- ence with most of them, and it is ards) , sent a mighty prayer of con- remarkable how a great majority of secration up to the Throne of Grace. them have shown (and are show- Just what has been accomplished from ing) their gratitude to the cause, that date until now (a little less than At the present time one of the most two years), would fill a large sized important sources of revenue comes book. I will, however, endeavor to from our redeemed men, give the meat of the method of work, together with results obtained. At the beginning of onr work, when our plan ,vas made known, The original plan was, and is to- those who had experience in this line day, to help men and women who were skeptical; they claimed that show a disposition to help themselves while our faith was beautiful, we -to feed the hungry, clothe the would, nevertheless, be loaded up needy, giving comfort, strength and with a lot of bums who would simply sympathy, both material and spiritual, work the place for a good thing. with but one object in view-to do They failed to recognize that the the work of Christ, i.e.} to seek and management of this new venture had to save "that which wa:s lost." The come through the mill and knew the plant to-day consists of a half dozen tricks of the trade, which made it of the original 20 houses, fully impossible for an impostor to get equipped with dormitories, shower very far. lVe have also demonstrated baths, splendid kitchen, eating rooms, that the poor fellow who is down etc., an average of 40 men under and out (in many cases having been reconstruction are living in the mis- kicked about for years), ,yill yield sion. It would be interesting to see to real sympathy–espccially when the various stages these men pass given by one who has lived the same through from the day of their ad- life. The impostor is given fooel and mittance. Of course, most of them shelter, but asked to leave in the come to us in such a wretched con- mornmg. Those who mean business dition that every other door is shut are given a bath, clean clothing, and against them. No questions as to plenty of time to regain their physichurch, belief or otherwise are asked cal strength. If they continue to grow in the rig-ht way, work is sethese derelicts, who apply daily for cured for them. Then they have the help-no one is refused food or 'shel- preference of staying in the instituter. There are no industrial features, tion until deemed strong enough no charge is made for anything. A spiritually to live away from the little notice at the conclusion of the simple rules which are hung in the miSSIOn. plant reads as follows: "Everything you receive here is free, and comes Some Results from God. If He, through His great love, helps you, let us remember the We have never had any difficulty other fellow who is'in the ~ame con- in securing employment for our men. dition we once were." In fact, the demand has been greater than the supply. There is hardly a Placing these poor unfortunates on day passes that we do not receive several calls for men for almost every

THE GOSPEL IN HELL'S HALF ACRE

kind of employment. It has become who are working for us have proved an established fact with employers steady and filled their positions to that we will not send a man out un- our satisfaction. less we can recommend him, and it is most gratifying to know that of "Very respectfully yours, the 3,000 or more for whom em- Signed, "THOMAS S. DOWNING, JR., ployment has been obtained, a splendid percentage has made good. The "Coatesville Rolling Mill Co." following is the copy of one of the many encouraging letters on file 1I1 A card index system was instituted our office: at the inception of the work, which is a very important factor in the "In regard to your inquiry as to following-up of those who profess conversion. "While this system is far from being perfect, yet it has proved INTERIOR OF THE IN ASMUCH MISSION, PH ILADELPH I A what success we are having with the a mighty asset to the work, and we men we have brought out from the have on file in our office a complete Inasmuch Mission to work in our record of most of the men who have mills here, I beg to inform you that been under our observation-showing we have brought out up to this date date of their coming to mission, final somewhat over 150 men. 'He have disposition made of them, their presbetween 50 and 60 per cent. of these ent standing, etc. men working with us at present, and I think I can safely 'Say that we are We have learned the value of the very well pleased with the results we card index, and find that it is the have obtained in securing men missing link to a constructive work through your mission. We have been of rescue; therefore, we are conable to get several very satisfactory stantly working to improve this sy'Sworkmen, and as a whole the men ~m of follow-up. It is a very easy matter to preach the Gospel and leave

the results with God, but we can not for open-air services in and through bring ourselves to believe that our the tenderloin. God has wonderfully duty ends there. blest these street meetings, and the The zeal and desire shown by great amount of good coming from many of our redeemed men is most them will never be known. The remarkable. Only recently about 20 converts of the mission have been of them banded themselves together only too eager to give their testi- and formed a little organization which monies from this truck. The follow- they called the "Inasmuch Service ing is only one of the many known League," and after meditation and. results through this endeavor: prayer drew up the following plat- "My DEAR MR. LoNG: form, which has been framed and "On Saturday night, January IIth, hangs in our little chapel: I happened to pass along Market Principles and Purpose Street at the time the testimonies INASMUCH SERVICE LEAGUE were given of what God had done Whereas, Almighty God, in His for sinners, and I thought if He could great mercy, has seen fit to establish forgive them, why not me. When I THE INASMUCH MISSION got to my stopping place I asked God for the purpose of saving souls and to forgive my sins, and I promised leading men to the Him If He could help me I would go Kingdom of Jesus Christ, to work and be honest. God did we, the undersigned converts, believe answer my prayer, and I am now it our duty to render all the aid and earning an honest living, and with assistance in the work of the mission His help I am through with the old.

under the direction of the superin- life of sin. How better one feels for tendent, according to our several being free. Why, I can now lie abilities, and, down at night and sleep in peace, Whereas, after prayer and medita- whereas, before I was not only tion we believe service can be ren- troubled by my conscience, but by dered by all those who are sincerely the fear of the authorities as well.

converted, through the united efforts You are doing a noble work, Mr.

of all such converts in an organiza- Long, and may God bless and keep tion having for its object the ad- and help you to save many poor, vancement of Christ's Kingdom weary souls. I do 1'10t know whether among fallen men, your field takes in woman; if it does Wherefore, we resolve and agree and you ever happen to meet a wom- to institute such an organization and an by the name of , I wish place it and its individual members you would let me know. You will at the disposal of the superintendent hear from me again. Accept the en- to assist him in furthering the work closed donation, and my best wishes of the mission under any and all lines for success.

he may suggest." "Yours sincerely, About four months ago a friend of " "

the mission presented to the superin- A Convert'. Testimony tendent an auto truck, which was. Time will not permit me to go completely fitted up with organ,. etc., into the scores of personal testi-

THE GOSPEL IN HELL'S HALF ACRE

monies; they would have to be seen Mission), in a cheap lodging house.

and heard to be appreciated. Our He took me to the mission, and after nightly meetings are given over to spending three days in what is called the testimonies of our converts. They the 'flop' or 'alcoholic' ward of the are most inspiring and helpful to all.

I will, however, submit to you one of them: "There was a time in my life when I thought I was the last man to be addicted to intoxicating liquor, and often said that I hoped the first time I took a drink it would kill me.

I began drinking socially-first beer once in a while with the men I worked with, and it gradually went on until after a big head in the morn- ing I had to have two or three whis- kys before I was able to do anything -always thinking, like other poor fellows, when I wanted to stop I could, and was often told by my friends what my end would be if I continued to drink. My answer gen- erally was 'that it was my business and my money,' little thinking how WILLIAM BECK I was worrying my loved ones and bringing trouble and sorrow to them. A converrt of the mission, who came in a ragged The time finally came when I real- drunkard at the age of sixty. He is now ized I was a lost drunkard, and sexton of one of the leading churches in Philadelphia finally reached the gutter. At this mission-suffering the tortures of hell time my dear wife left me-taking and praying constantly for death, I with her our two beautiful children, was induced to attend one of the a boy of eight and a girl of two. I meetings, and after hearing the testi- remember how relieved I felt to find monies, I felt that there was hope for that I had nothing and nobody to me. When the invitation was given care for but myself and rum. For I was more than glad to throw my- nine months I lived the life of a self on the mercy of God, and on common bum. I managed to keep that night, October 9, 19II, God agoing by doing odd jobs, just surely did answer my prayer for enough to get rum, because I did not death, for the old man died and a need much food. One by one my new creature in Christ Jesus was friends had turned me down, until born. After staying at th'e mission I found every door shut in my face. for ten days, I secured employment Sick and helpless after a nine days' with myoid employer, where I am debauch, I was found by my brother to-day, having been promoted several (one of the converts of the Inasmuch times. It took nine months of pa-

tienee and prayer to gain even the vania. When Bishop Rhinelander slightest hope from my dear wife and moved into I025 Spruce Street, he children, but at the end of that time was astonished to find that the rear God sent them back to me, and to- windows of his new home looked day we have a comfortable and happy out into Hell's Half Acre. Having heard of the "Inasmuch" Mission, he GEORGE LONG became interested and wrote a letter to Mr. Long, asking for an inter- Superintendent and founder of the "Inasmuch view. Upon hearing the story of the l'Jjssion" mission, the bishop became enthusi- astic, and from that day to this the home. God has wonderfully blest work has been near to his heart. Last fall the superintendent began to me, and is fulfilling His promises in feel the need of substantial help and advice. He appealed to Bishop my life day by day. When I meet RhineLi.nder, who gladly consented to call together a number of Philaa man on the street who is in the delphia's prominent clergymen and laymen, asking them to form a board same condition as I was, I always of managers. As a result, the fol- lowing board organized and went into stop and tell him about the Inasmuch office November 1st of last year: President, Bishop Ph. M. Rhineland- Mission and what it has done for er; treasurer, Arthur V. Morton; secretary, Mrs. George Long; Rev. me, and let him know there is a ]. ]. Joyce Moore, Rev. David M.

chance for the man who wants to Steele, Rev. G. J. vValenta, Mr.

help himself. Morris V. Stroud, Dr. George Voodward, Dr. Herbert M. Goddard, "One year, four months, one week Mr. George Vharton Pepper.

and three days of freedom from sin Two years ago Hell's Half Acre comprised about 65 disorderly houses of the lowest type, several opium joint, policy shops, gambling houses, and dens of vice of the lowest char- acter. These dens have been forced out of business, until (thank God), Hell's Half Acre is no more.

and drink, and to God I give all the Results Obtained Since the Inception glory. "JOSEPH CfIRLIN." of the Mission, March 24, 19II, The New Organization to February I, 1913 A little more than a year ago God, Attendance 81,694 in His great wisdom, sent as a resident to Hell's Half Acre the new Lodgings – 35,461 bishop of the Diocese of Penl1'syl- Meals served – – – 95,278 Profest conversion – 5,068

IN HUNGARY AND IN

UNITED STATES Compiled from papers by l-tcv. .lcx ilarsamji, IIo111eslead, Pa., for twenty years a missionary to n. Hungarialls 1ll ~mcrica.-E. P.

~T HO nearly half the This is one of the youngest of the population of Hungary Protestant denominations to gain a call themselves Catho- foothold among the Magyars. It lics and the Church is first started in Hungary in 1874, but backed by the power was not recognized by the govern- of the government, and ment until 1905. According to the enjoys large revenues and great in- most authentic data available, the fluence, the Protestant bodies have Baptists in Hungary number about a membership of nearly 4,000,000 and are constantly gaining adherents and 16,000. gradually extending their fields of The Reformed Church of Hungary as the most important and powerful usefulness. Among the Protestant Protestant body receives annually denominations the Reformed, or Cal- several million crowns from the govvinist Church leads in numbers with ernment for the support of its para membership of over 2,600,000 and ochial schools and in recognition of is, therefore, the largest Reformed its social services. It employs about Church body on the continent of 25,000 teachers, while 2,000 congre- Europe. The remaining Protestant gations are ministered to by about the same number of clergymen. Church membership is divided be- Seven years ago the Hungarian Retween the Lutheran, Unitarian and formed Churches joined the Alliance Baptist denominations. Until 1894, of the Reformed Churches holding there was no such thing as real re- the Presbyterian system. ligious liberty in Hungary. Men were compelled to belong to one of the de- It is unfortunate that under the nominations recognized by the gov- present church conditions in Hungary ernment, and to support the church individual soul-saving, as we underill which they were born; that is, the sland it, is almost impossible, for church of their parents. Such Pro- while some of the Protestant congretestant denominations as the Method- gations number only a few hundreds,' ists, Protestants and Baptists were many run into thousands. Thus in not allowed to form congregations. Debreezin, there are only five The laws passed in 1894 made liberal churches for 50,000 Calvinists, makconcessions and incidentally opened ing it impossible for the several the way for the spread of atheism. ministers to do more than attend to Parents are no longer obliged to the regular services of the church.

have their children baptized. State In the United States marriage is now strictly enforced, and elementary education is being The majority of Hungarians in the slowly, but surely, taken out of the United States have come here withhands of the different religious de- in the last 15 years. While almost nominations. A t present the only all are ignorant of English when Protestant Church body making they arrive, the greater number can proselytes in Hungary is the Baptist. read or write in some language. They generally bear a reputation for

honesty and are more intelligent welfare, and tho of a different race, than the Slavs with whom they are we are all children of the same lov- so often confused. Morally and in- ing Father.

tellectually the Protestants are supe- "While much has been done for rior to their Catholic compatriots. the Hungarians in this country along Missionary work among the Hun- religious lines, they would more read- garians in America has been carried ily respond to the appeal of the on successfully for many years with church if they could be improved . gratifying results, but many colonies morally and educationally. Social have not been touched by the gospel, conditions in many of the foreign and have never heard the Word of settlements are deplorable. Provi- God. The Rev. Alex. Harsamji, who sion should be made by the great for nearly 20 years has been engaged firms, or companies employing thou- in missionary work among immigrants, sands of laborers, for decent places and especially Hungarians in Amer- of resort where the workmen could ica, has this to say: "I wish to make meet for healthful enjoyment instead a special plea for help to enable of being forced to seek saloons, or those of foreign birth to form little other disreputable places. And steps congregations and establish little should be taken to protect them from places of worship. Give them minis- the powers that prey, that they may ters who would preach to them in not be victimized and cheated out of their mother tongue; the only lan- hard earnings. We should defend guage they understand. Distribute them against every injustice that they Bibles, tracts, and religious literature may have faith in our laws and learn among them and a blest harvest will to love our country. I should be glad be reaped. to see a Y. M. C. A. led by foreign- "I am not unmindful of the great ers, established as a social center in good that has been done and is be- every foreign settlement in the United ing done by the Presbyterian and Re- States. There are over 1,000,000 formed Churches of the United States Hungarians in this country, but only for the Magyars and Slavs. The two Y. M. C. A.'s for their exclusive former supports 30 missions and the benefit. It is true that we have a few latter IO missions for the Magyars young people's societies connected and about as many for the Slavs. with some of the Hungarian churches, They are all flourishing institutions, but these do not make such· a wide doing God's work in uplifting the appeal to the needs of our young men poor foreigners. There is also an in- as does the Y. M. C. A. There is a teresting church paper published in great need of good libraries in these Hungarian, and Sunday-school liter- foreign settlements which have neither ature and Sunday-school picture cards church nor mission; they would do are distributed quite freely among much to check the flood of vile, cheap the young people. This work is not literature that poisons the mind of the only done in the interests of the dif- poor laborer."

ferent churches, but to make the Has not God sent these foreigners stranger in a strange land feel that to America in order that Christian we have a brotherly anxiety in his people may give them the Gospel?

A DECADE OF WORK FOR THE

THE PRESBYTERIAN BUREAU OF SOCIAL SERVICE ANY a man, if he dreamers. Modern church work, in its best development, not only aims IMl thinks of the Church to make, but does make men and at all, has only a vague women more efficient and self- conception of its far- respecting, it harmonizes class differ- reaching activities and beneficences. It does ences, broadens human sympathy, re- not represent to him a vast and virile fines home life and domestic rela- institution, an inspiration to noble tions, and makes the community a living; a tireless force for good in better place to live in, and these are social service, softening the asperities accomplishments which must speak of life, and refining the dross in hu- with compelling force to even the man nature. The Church is, no most thoughtless minds.

doubt, largely to blame that for so To the Presbyterian Church be- long it has hidden too much of its longs the distinction of being the light under a bushel, that its mar- first denomination in the United velous work for humanity is so little States to establish a department to known outside the ranks of church- study social problems. Other de- adherents. But in recent years many nominations in this country and in Christian workers have begun to feel Canada, Europe and Australia have that they should make known to the since inaugurated similar movements, world at large what the Church is so that now there are probably a doing to reach out helping hands in dozen bureaus actively engaged in every direction wherever there is hu- social service; every phase of the man need for moral and spiritual work being of a practical nature and betterment to the end thal men and immediately applicable to the church.

women may be inspired to right liv- On April I, 1913, the Bureau of ing and appreciate their obligations Social Service of the Presbyterian to each other, to the community and Church of the United States cele- to God. brated its tenth anniversary. The When the man in the street, the story of the work accomplished by non-church-goer, or indifferent church- the Bureau since its inception is one attendant, learns something of the of continued achievement, and among great humanitarian service the church the pioneer movements of the Ameri- is rendering, then many of them will can Church this service has a special take new interest, and it may secure value for the far reaching influence their cooperation. To accomplish such it must exert over ~he thoughtless desirable results, to paraphrase Dan- and irreligious elements in the com- ton's historic utterance, "We need munity. It is the declared purpose publicity, and more publicity, and of this Bureau "To place the religious ever more publicity." The practical emphasis upon social service, and the side of church movements will appeal social emphasis upon religious work.

strongly to the practical man of busi- To increase the efficiency of the ness, who too often regards Chris- church through standardized pro- tian workers as well-meaning vision- grams, which may be introduced into aries and impractical theorists and communities of a common type. To

bring about a more cordial relation- great downtown theater district of ship between the church and labor. the people. Here, until long after To give vision and program to mu- midnight, there is a blaze of light, nicipal authorities, so that they may and surging crowds, and clamor of minister more effectively to the social many voices, where every door in- and moral needs of the people. To vites to cheap, and often vicious, en- enlist men and women of the churches tertainment. South and east lie great in definite social service tasks." tenement districts, so densely popu- The Bureau of Social Service has lated that some blocks house 5,000 carried on investigations in about a people. Here socialism is strong, hundred cities, and in thousands of and the socialists hold mass meetings churches, and as a result of this in the various halls in winter, and in work, has reached certain definite summer harangue crowds 111 the conclusions which show how the streets.

church may become more effective in The Bureau of Social Service se- every community. lected this field because of its diffi- The Bureau in the important field culty. The purpose was, and is, to of Labor has accomplished some strik- demonstrate what the church can do ing results. There are six times as in such a community. And the Labor many men in the labor unions of the Temple is a success. The people are United States as there are in the losing their prejudice against the Presbyterian Church, and there are church, and have become friendly to certain well-organized movements it. They are getting a conception of among these workers which declare the significance of the old Gospel, and their antagonism to the church, and whether Jew or Catholic, Protestant seek to create bitterness, not only be- or Agnostic, they are learning the tween labor and capital, but between meaning of practical Christianity; labor and the church. The Dureau that they need it in their lives seven has been pushing various campaigns days in the week. Nine-tenths of the with special reference to labor, with average audience IS composed of marked success. The workingman, men; about one-half are Jews, and whether a member of a union or not, fully three-fourths are foreigners.

has too often a gross misconception Abobt 30 meetings are held in the of the church, its mission, and its Labor Temple every week, the Sun- work, and it has been the business day program being continuous from of the Bureau of Social Service to 2: 30 to ro. It begins with a chil- remove this misunderstanding, and dren's hour and an adult Bible class.

impress on him the necessity of re- An hour later is the Sunday-school, ligion and the church in his life, if and an organ recital in the auditori- he wishes true happiness. um at the evening service, when a Among the important things ac- choir of 80 voices begins with song, complished by the Bureau since its crowds are often turned back for inception was the establishment of lack of room. The sermon is always the Labor Temple, in lower New thoroughly evangelical, a practical York, at Fourteenth Street and Sec- heart-to-heart talk with men.

ond A venue, within a block of the Monday night is devoted to social

A DECADE OF WORK FOR THE NEEDY

purposes, when men and women living of labor. It established "Labor Sun- in cheerless halls, or shaft rooms, can day," now observed by nearly every get acquainted with each other among Protestant denomination in the pleasant Christian surroundings. United States. It originated the plan of the exchange of fraternal dele- It would be interesting to describe gates between ministers' associations in detail the weekly program of and central labor unions, now in meetings which are arranged to con- operation in over roo cities. Minis- tribute to the social and spiritual wel- ters often serve as chaplains to or- fare of every man, weiman, and child ganized labor, opening and closing in this vast parish. There is the the meetings with prayer. Their in- open forum for the discussion of fluence has entirely revolutionized the social problems; the Young Woman's discussion of social, moral, and eco- Club, or Class in Domestic Art; the nomic questions, and they have en- Imperators, a club for ambitious listed labor in practical reform meas- young men; the Temple Brotherhood, ures in towns and cities. For seven which discusses health problems and years the bureau has been sending shows the people how to get well delegates to the annual convention of and keep well; and there are classes the American Federation of Labor, in sight singing, in cooking, embroid- which at one time passed a resolu- ery, literature, etc., and varied ellter- tion prohibiting any minister from tainments and lectures of an edifying addressing the convention. and moral character. VVhatever is instructive and improving, that ap- Appreciating the value of publicity, peals to the mind and heart, that the Bureau furnishes an article every develops the best qualities in human week to 250 weeklies and roo month- nature, broadens the outlook, builds lies of the labor press. As a result, up character, and emphasizes the radical articles against the Church need of religion in all lives, these are rarely appear in labor periodicals, and things which the Labor Temple aims the general attitude of the working- to provide, and is succeeding. For man toward the Church has under- the people are tremendously in earn- gone a complete change. est about their own problems, and are willing to be helped in a democratic The Bureau conducts great work- spirit, tho they would be quick to ingmen's mass meetings nearly every resent anything which savored of pat- Sunday afternoon in winter, present- ronage or paternalism. "It is largely because the Church has not been ing the claims of JeSllS Christ and keenly sensitive to the changing con- ditions among the masses that its His Church to the toilers. In one hold upon the city is weakened. The year, in six cities, 500 ministers ad- 'old Gospel' must be preached with drest 1,000 different shop meetings, all its old-time fervor-but it is while at the same time a shop cam- largely a question of emphasis." paign, planned and directed by the Bureau, was conducted throughout the The Bureau of Social Service of country. The Bureau has also been the Presbyterian Church has done developing "industrial parishes" in other important things in the field industrial centers for the churches, each cht1fch becoming responsible for a particular shop. Since the Bureau inaugurated a workingman's temper-

ance movement, the liquor interests superintendent of the Social Service are losing their domination of organ- Bureau addrest groups of leading ized labor. The workingmen appre- citizens and authorities on social conciate what the Bureau is trying to ac- ditions discovered in these cities, sugcomplish, and the superintendent is gesting what action should be taken often called in to arbitrate industrial with a view to benefiting the com· disputes, and at times presides at munity. "While the Bureau of Social conferences where capital and labor Service is naturally interested in soare represented. These are hopeful cial evangelism and church efficiency signs. "Let us reason together." it has constantly sought to A most valuable feature of the demonstrate that evangelism which Bureau's work is its survey depart- seeks to regenerate the individual, ment, which investigates conditions may be harmonious with the social and recommends methods to meet service which seeks to regenerate an these conditions. These investigations entire community." have been made in nearly 100 cities and 1,000 churches. "The Bureau has We have only touched on a few of sought to interpret the movements of the most important features of the populations, especially in cities, antici- work which the Bureau of Social pating the character of church enter- Service is carrying on with such notprise required to meet the present able results, but enough has been situation and the fu~ure." written to show its value to the na- tion, as a powerful force for good in Representatives of the Bureau fre- improving social conditions, checking quently confer with mUlllcipal officers the forces of evil, harmonizing in various cities on social evils, edu- classes, and demonstrating the imcation, sanitation, prison reform, etc. perative need of the church to every During the past year in 20 cities the man and woman in the community.

DO FOREIGN MISSIONS PAY?

TEN YEARS' GROWTH IN SOUTHERN METHODIST MISSIONS Per cent.

1902 1912 Increase Missionaries and wives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 354 63 Native preachers ……………………. 251 329 31 161 Bible women ……………………….. 78 204 120 Organized churches …………………. 292 643 Members …………………………… II,713 29,825 155 Increase for year.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918 2,448 Sunday-schools ……………………… 372 580 56 Officers and teachers …… , , .. , …….. , .. 886 2,168 144 Pupils ……….. , ….. , … ,.,………… 10,463 31,347 199 Colleges, seminaries and boarding-schools.. 27 40 48 Pupils …….. ,……………………… 4,667 6,699 43 Day-schools .. ' … , ……. , …. , .. " .. ,',. 83 97 17 Pupils …….. , … , … , … , … , …… ,.,.. 2,769 3,463 25 Total pupils …. ,', … " ……. , … "….. 7.436 10,062 35° 8 Hospitals, dispensaries … " … , …….. ' , . 8 Patients treated .. , … , … , … , ……. ".. 26,362 59,025 124 Total income …………….. , ………. : $461,266 $894,777 94 The above exhibit, in a chart, 28×42 inches, together with three other strik- ing charts, may be secured for 25 cents from the Board of Missions, 810 Broad- way, Nashville. Tenn.

A lVIISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY FOR

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL REFORMERS IN THE NON. CHRISTIAN WORLD BY GEORGE W. HOLLISTER, DELAWARE, OHIO g;IgT is only in ccmpara- tively recent years was only developed through a very few individuals, yet in its effect it was , Christian nations have detrimental to society as a whole. Therefore it was a social evil. realized the claims of the non-Christian world In the light of this definition let us upon Christianity and consider just what are the social evils ;t~ representatives. A new conscious- of the non-Christian world. It is hard ness has brought a partial realization to analyze or dissect these evils. They of these claims. To-day we are im- form one big blot on the landscape, prest more than ever before with and it is only possible to suggest a few the vastness of the opportunity, the of the more prominent features and magnitude of the challenge, and the of the mor~ characteristic outlines. It tremendous need. Perhaps the is only possible to suggest a few of the spiritual need of the non-Christian ingredients from which the chemical world was realized first. It was not compound is formed.

long, however, before the Church saw We might be able to group the social more clearly the magnitude of the evils into three typical groups, the task, that not only must the spiritual group pertaining to the private life of nature of the millions of "heathen" be the individual, the group pertaining to recreated, but that every phase of their home life, and the group pertaining nature needed recreation. Among other to large masses of people. That is, phases of the need, the call of the there is a type of social evil which non-Christian world in view of its affects the individual mainly, and social evils became more prominent. society through the individual. Then and it is because of these evils that there is a type which affects the family the foreign field lays one of its stronf,;- or home life mainly, and society est cl~jms upon all Christians, and through the unit of the home. An- especially upon the educated young other group of social evils acts upon people of our nation. society as a whole rather than on the What is a social evil? Such a term individual or on a small group of in- is difficult to define, and any defini- dividuals. Each larger unit includes tion must be imperfect. We might the preceding smaller unit or units.

say that any evil so common, or so With the individual life as a center, prevalent among people as individuals. each larger unit is a concentric circle that the whole body of society is in- including the preceding smaller circles.

jured and corrupted, or an evil de- The social evils of the non-Christian veloped by or through an individual to world that affect the individual mainly, such an extent that masses of people and society through the individual. are are injured, is a social evil. For ex- due, in a large degree, to uncontrolled ample. social impurity is developed by passions. They are not unlike some people as individuals, and is so com- of America's social evils. The use of mon as to injure society as .a whole. alcoholic liquors may be mentioned as Therefore it is a social evil. On the one of these, because it not only has other hand, the slave trade in Africa been a tremendous curse in the past,

but its influence and misery are becom- to her husband in all lands, no matter ing greater every day. The opium what the claims or demands of that habit, which has curst China so ter- husband may be. The same thing is ribly, is another expression of this seen in the fact that Indian tradition same evil. One of the most prominent and religion place more value on a cow evils of this type is social impurity, than on a woman. Throughout nonwhich rages in nearly all non-Christian Christian lands, woman is considered lands like a deadly and loathsome pes- as a machine for reproduction and for tilence. These evils that have been the satisfaction of man's baser pasmentioned are merely examples of a Slons. great type of social evil which destroys individual character, individual moral- Another representative of this type ity, individual strength and manhood; of evil is the degradation and desecrathat brings the individual down to a tion of marriage. One of the means level with the beast; that destroys of this desecration is polygamy, which physical, intellectual, and moral ca- is sanctioned by some religions, and pacity. These results in the individual by the moral and ethical codes of the reproduced in countless individuals non-Christian world. Concubinage is have a marked influence on national another expression of this same evil, life and national progress. where man is not bound by marriage to remain faithful, but where the wo- There is another type of social evil man is. Divorce is a matter of mere which affects the home life primarily, personal volition in many of these and thereby affects the life of the na- lands, is dependent mainly upon the tion. One of the most important evils desire of the husband, and is legal for of this type is the degradation of wo- anyone of numberless causes. With manhood. As a barometer indicates the marriage relations unbearable the change in atmospheric pressure from polygamy, made wretchedly and the consequent change in weather worthless by concubinage, and with conditions, so the motherhood of a na- divorce a matter of momentary fancy tion indicates with a fair degree of ac- or pleasure, marriage has become a curacy the future life of that nation. "whited sepulchre," a mere mockery. The influence of the mothers can do But marriage is still further degraded more than any code of laws that ever by its immature consummation, This existed. In Asia and Africa espe- is characteristic of alI non-Christian cially, and in all non-Christian lands lands without exception. Immature with hardly an exception, womanhood parenthood leaves its lines traced inis degraded and debased. There is effaceablyon the human embryo, and a tendency on the part of these na- future generations witness the physitions to place her on a level with mere cal results. Not only is this true, but lower animals, far below the level of immature parenthood means the man. This is shown by the attitude dwarfed development of ·spiritual caof the Chinese and of others toward pacity after the birth of the child, girl babies, by the manner in which and the result is seen in the moral education has been denied to woman, and spiritual life of the nation. by her rigorous seclusion in some lands, and by her enforced submission These are merely illustrations of the type of social evil which destroys

A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY FOR

home life with all its wonderful po- tern built up on the foundations of re- tentialities. Naturally these evils af- ligion, to show how real and vital fect the individual also, but they af- ~these evils are. Thuggee, that system fect the home primarily. It is through of wholesale murder in the name of their action on a home, reproduced in religion, which was only put down by myriads of homes, that these evils eat British rule in India, and the wor- out the life of a nation like tubercu- ship of idols that are only pleased with losis eats out the lungs of a human human sacrafice and with ceremonies being. so filled with licentiousness and im- In addition to these two types of morality that a woman endangers her evils, there is a third type which per- purity by even venturing on the street tains primarily to large masses of during certain festivals, are illustra- people, to nations, ,to sodety as a tions from recent and present life in whole. Some of these evils are those India. Asceticism, demonology, and c(;mnected with the civil life, with the witchcraft are not only moral evils, government of the non-Christian na- but have a great influence on society.

tions. Civil tyranny and legal op- There are still other evils relating pression, with their most glaring ex- mainly to the industrial and commer- amples in the Mohammedan nations, cial life of the masses. Some of these are illustrations of these evils per- are ingrained into the people by the taining to the civil life. The inability influence of generation after genera- of many nations to protect their citi- tion. For example, take the lack of zens, illustrated by the former slave business principles of honesty, and the trade in Africa, is another of these business trickery always seen in non- evills. While these are resultant from Christian lands. Some of these are the rulers of those nations, there are the result of modern civilization.

also civil evils due to the public. The These are especially apparent in Ja- lack of patriotism and of public spirit pan, where modern civilization has is sufficient to indicate these. brought with it the problems of the Among the evils affecting the factory, of child labor, of protection masses are some pertaining to intel- for workingmen, and kindred ques- lectual life mainly. The intense igno- tions.

rance of the masses in the foreign field These are merely illustrations of the is a tremendous social evil. This type of evil which affects the masses ignorance makes itself manifest in the through civic, intellectual, religious lack of progressive methods of agri- and commercial life. These are mere- culture, of commerce, and of indus~ry; ly ripples on the vast expanse of the in the filth and squalor where disease gulf stream-mere indications of the is nourished and spread; in the in- trend of the current and of its power.

tense poverty and degradation of the Any stlch division and separation as people. has been made is merely artificial and There are also some evils affecting incomplete. The social evils of the the masses, pertaining- to the religious non-Christian world from one vast life of the people, which are tremen- network of nerve fibers and cells, dous social evils. One only needs to each inter-related and interdependent.

cite the caste system of India, a sys- The non-Christian world is honey-

combed with social evils, and it is be- Can not the other religions of the cause of these evils that such a power- world remedy these evils as well if ful challenge has been hurled at the not better? The answer is very simple. Christian nations of the world. Chris- No other religion can meet the chaltianity is the only hope of these na- lenge of the foreign field in view of tions in view of their social evils. these evils. The proof is very ample. Christianity is the only power that can free society, that can establish the In the first place, a great many of brotherhood of mankind, that will give these evils are the direct result of the a man control of his passions, and that other great, "world religions." Most will recreate man and his environ- evils may be traced to two of these ment. causes, ignorance and religion. Igno- The question may well be asked, rance, itself, is to some extent the dihowever, What has Christianity to do with the social evils of the non-Chris- rect result of religion, also. It is a blot tian world? What has any religion on any religion, and no religion is sufto do with the social life of a people? ficient to meet the needs of a people The answer is simple, although the that does not carry with it intellectual question itself is a complex question. enlightenment. These other religions A man's religion determines his own have tolerated ignorance and in many individual life, his attitude toward cases have fostered it. Therefore the his fellow-man, and his attitude to all social evils due to ignorance are, in a of the various phases of life. Religion sense, the result of religion. is the source of his inspiration and his ideals. His life is dependent upon But even if we should not add the his ideals, therefore it is essential that burden of the evils caused by ignorance his ideals be noble and worthy. Re- to the evils due directly to the great religion rules life by ruling the inner- ligions of the non-Christian world, the most nature of the individual. Low criminal charge against those religions ideals and base aspirations created in is nearly as great. Any religion must an individual life, reproduced in vast be judged by the same standard by numbers of individuals, mean that the which an individual is judged: "By national and social life is low and their fruits shall ye know them." This base. High ideals ruling the mt1lti- is the standard by which we must tude as individuals mean high na- judge Mohammedanism, Confuciantional and social life. A man's re- ism, Hinduism, and Buddhism, the ligion and his life are as clearly related four great religions besides Christianias cause and effect, for his life is ~. Mohammedanism has been premerely the result of his religion. So- dominant in Turkey,Arabia,andNorth cial life is the result of the religion of African nations; Confucianism in the masses. China; Hinduism in India; and Bud- dhism in Burma, Siam, and Japan. Admitting this to be true, the ques- These nations reflect more than anytion may be repeated, What has Chris- thing onecan say the influence and powtianity to do with these social evils of er of these religions. Other religions the non-Christian world? Why does have had a hand in these nations, it is the challenge come to Christianity? true. For instance, Mohammedanism is very prevalent in India. These relig- ions, however, have had th~ most to do

A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDENTS

with themolding ofthe character ofthe sufficiently. Ideal Mohammedanism is people in the countries that were men- faulty because of its destruction of tioned, and by their influence on the individual rights, and of licensed pocharacter of the people, they have been lygamy and concubinage. Confucianthe predominant factors in shaping ism lays the emphasis on ancestral society. It is only necessary to look at worship. Hinduism demands social Turkey, Arabia, and the North Afri- vice in its ceremonies, and fosters the can nations, with their oppression, caste system. Buddhism favors astheir ignorance, their licensed impuri- ceticism and the elimination of all huty, their mockery of home life, to see man desires and passions. These are the true nature of Mohammedanism. only suggestions as to the impracti- It is only necessary to look at China cability of these religions, and of their with her contempt of women and girls, faults under ideal conditions. Surely except as "incubators," with her an- these are sufficient proofs of the incestral worship, her absolute lack of ability of the great and most vital nonpublic spirit and patriotism, to realize Christian religions to remedy the what Confucianism will do. In India, social evils of the non-Christian in social impurity, in the form of that world. Juggernaut, Caste, in social oppression, poverty, ignorance, and vice, we Christianity, however, is able to see the work of Hinduism. In asceti- remedy these evils. North America cism, in the suppression of individuali- and the Protestant nations of Europe ty, in legalized social vice, we see the are fair examples of Christianity and effect of Buddhism. its influencej in practical life. We must admit that the ideals of Chris- The accusation, however, is still tianity have not been carried out in harsher. We cannot judge the results many respects. That is not the fault of these religions by simply looking at of the ideal, but of the human agency, those nations as they exist to-day. for Christianity is theoretically, ideally Vestern civilization and Christianity perfect or as near perfect as the huhave already worked miracles in their man mind can conceive of perfection. midst. We must judge these religions Granting this to be true, these nations by these nations as they were before are leagues ahead of all non-Christian Christianity and Western civilization nations. Christianity has brought a (which is the product of (hristianity, recognition of the rights of the indito a large extent) made their influence vidual, it has established the ideal of felt. We must remember the African justice and fraternity. and it has given slave trade carried on under Moham- mankind noble aspirations and high medanism, the wife burning and thug- ideals. gee of the Hindus, and such evils, which have been eliminated by Chris- There is no social evil of the nOlltianity and its influence, not by any Christian world which Christianity work of the non-Christian religions. can not meet and conquer. It gives the individual power to subdue pas- Not only have these religions failed sion. It outlaws intemperance and practically, but they are faulty theo- impurity. It has made of the home retically, that is, ideally, as well. A one of the most sacred institutions the few examples will serve to show this world has ever known. It honors mar-

riage and makes the marriage vow simply the call for Christianity-C1l.ris- sacred. It places motherhood on a tianity that is Christianity, not any pedestal but a "little lower than the weak, shrivelled up, bottled up relig- angels." Christianity brings freedom ion, but Christianity in all its breadth and good government with it. Educa- and depth. The non-Christian world tion follows in its footsteps. Igno- calls for a Christianity that will de- rance and falsehood vanish before its velop man's physical and intellectual light. nature as well as his spiritual being; Christianity, however, is not a stale that will teach him how to satisfy his religion. It is a practical religion that physical hunger as well as the hunger can meet the practical needs of the of his soul; that will help to triumph people. The great social trend of over physical pain and disease, as well Christianity, to-day, is an illustration as over moral disease. It wants a of its adaptability. It grows to meet Christianity that will help its people the changing needs of the people. So, to get good government, that will give to-day, in this country, it is battling them Christian homes as well as with the social evils of modern indus- churches, that will develop a manhood try and commerce. The outcome is and womanhood that is pure and certain, for it will solve these prob- strong, and by reproducing these ef- lems. It is solving them now and will fects in countless numbers of homes continue to do so. In the same way, and individuals, to create a Christian Christianity can meet even the social society.

evils of the non-Christian world due This call comes to the college stu- to modern civilization. dents especially, because they are the Since Christianity can meet the ones Lest prepared to answer it. Others social evils of the foreign field, and are not, as a rule, so well qualified to the other great religions are practi- meet the needs. The best workers are cally and theoretically unable to do so, needed to present Christianity to these Christianity is the only agency that nations in such a manner that the can effect the needed reform. The vork may be done efficiently and suc- weaker and more insignificant relig- cessfully. Those who satisfy the ions of the foreign field are not factors claims for a broad and strong Chris- to be reckoned with. They are as tianity must be broad and strong them- faulty theoretically and practically, selves. They must be men of vision, and are not vital religions because they of foresight, of intellectual and moral fail to grip mankind. The reforming strength, ancl of great character.

agency must be a religion, because the There are several forces which em- life of the people is dependent upon phasize this call of the non-Christian religion as the fountain of its being. world to the educated young people of Since others fail, Christianity is the our colleges. One of these forces is only agency able to meet the social the demand of humanity that these evils of the non-Christian world, and social evils be blotted out. To-day the to conquer those evils. world is 'a society of nations, an im- This being true, the call of the for- perishable unit, with one circulatory eign field, in view of its social evils, and one nervous system, each part to the college student of America. is interdependent. Humanity is seek-

A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY FOR

ing a higher plane of civilization, a to the captive, peace to the weary, and greater intellectual capacity, a more God-given ideals to society and indi- powerful religious experience, and the viduals. All the force of our religion conservation of human resources. In demands that we answer this challenge the struggle to attain to this goal, it and satisfy the needs of the non-Chris- is necessary that all humanity be tian world by sharing our religion raised to a higher level. Each nation with them.

either tends to elevate the others or The call to the educated young to drag them down. Ultimate suc- people of our nation, in view of these cess can only be achieved by the world evils, is still greater when we con- at large, for one individual nation can sider the magnitude of the task com- not achieve it. This being true, hu- pared with the task in our own land.

manity is fettered as if by the ball and The social evils of the foreign field, chain of a convict, until these social compared with the social evils of our evils be remedied. This makes it im- nation, are as the Pyramids of Egypt perative that Christianity meet the compared with a modern family-bury- social evils of the foreign field. ing vault. Then too, when we con- There is a greater force urging the sider how inadequate the force of college student to answer this call, workers is, the task appears still however, and that is simply the im- greater.

pelling force of the Christianity that Some of these evils, the non-Chris- is our possession. As Christians we tian world will remedy, itself, through are not true to the ideals of Christiani- Christian ideals and Christian civili- ty unless we answer the challenge of zation, but most of them will never the foreign field. Christianity says be remedied, and the source of all the that we are our brothers' keepers, and social evils will never be obliterated, are responsible that they shall have until Christianity recreates the inner- the light which they need. Our Chris- most nature of the inhabitants of tianity is one of brotherhood, of love those nations.

of sympathy, and practical works. We The call of the foreign field in view are only stewards, and all that we have of the social evils of the non-Chris- is a trust, given for use in the service tian world is the call for Christianity; of God and mankind. We have the and humanity, Christianity itself, and great commission to go into all the all that is noblest and best in life, im- world, healing the diseased bodies, the peratively demand that the educated blighted intellects, and the dark souls. young people of our nation answer the We have the command to give liberty call by supplying the need.

STUDENTS AND MISSIONS One hunded years ago only about one college student in te,n profe&t faith in Jesus Christ, even in this Christian country. To-day about 50 per cent. of all college students are profest Christians. A hundred years ago college students thought less about Christian missions than they did ahout the climate of Mars. or the rings of Saturn, To-day the Student Volunteer Movement enlists hundreds of bright, well trained, educated young men and women for the missionary field. Yale University, through its students and alumni, is raising $200,000 for the equipment of a mission in Changsha, China, and other great educatio-nal institutions are giving like heed to the missionary cause. The Chris.tianization of the world. by preaching, and teaching, and living the Gospel, is now a world problem, and sane men everywhere are giving heed to It.

PROTESTANTISM IN SPAIN *

BY JAMES 1. GOOD, D.O., LL.D.

mF OR three centuries. Prot-r~J to mass and said, "Whosoever wishes estantism was not al- to confess can go." Only five went lowed in Spain, but in to confession. When they had fin- ished the officer again offered the 1869 religious liberty same opportunity, but no one went. was granted. Seven He offered it a third time, but the years later, in 1876, when the Bourbon dy- soldiers refused to move. As no nasty was restored to power, this one wanted to go to confession and liberty was reduced to mere tolera- mass, he ordered the regiment back tion, and the Protestants were not to the barracks. The Roman Catholic allowed to show any outward signs chaplain, greatly irritated, complained of Protestant worship on their build- to a higher officer, who called the of- ings. In every way the Protestants ficer to account. The latter replied, were opposed and persecuted as much "I have taken my company to mass as possible. In 1884, two lads and according to orders, but I can not a young girl were condemned to 20 compel them to confess. Every man days' imprisonment for not kneeling is free to act as his conscience dic- to the "host" as it passed by on the tates." The higher officer could. do street. . When the priest called on nothing, and the chaplain complained them to kneel, one of the lads an- to the bishop, and he appealed to the swered, "The Apostle Paul says 'God general. As a result the whole regi- dwelleth not in temples made with ment was ordered to go to confession hands, neither is worshiped with the following Sunday. The general men's hands.''' went to confession and was followed As late as 19IO the authorities of by about 20 officers and men. On a village near Burgos called a non- returning the general glanced around, Catholic family before them and but the majority of officers and men asked why they did not go to con- made no movement. He ordered them fession. They replied, "Because our back to the barracks, and the efforts faith does not allow us to go." The of the priests to compel them to authorities informed them that they confess were frustrated.

had forfeited all rights of citizen- Another tendency that is breaking ship. The family took an appeal up the influence of the church is the to the governor, but he, under the growing feeling against the monks.

influence of the priests, put them off Spain has become the camping with an excuse. Not being citizens, ground for the monastic orders their cattle were not allowed on the driven out of other countries. These parish-common. monks are lazy, and too often im- The inquisition is, of course, no moral, so that their lives have in longer able to persecute in Spain, some instances become a public scan- but there is no end to the indignities dal. A very remarkable scene took that Protestants still have to endure. place about ten years ago. In 1868, No wonder that there are only about the clericals, under the lead of Father 10,000 to 20,000 Protestants in a Montana, a Jesuit, gained control of popUlation of nearly 20,000,000. the political ministry of Spain. He In spite of these trials Protestant- so banked on his authority that he ism is slowly and steadily increasmg dared to write in a newspaper, "To in numbers and influence. There is be a liberal (in politics) is a sin."

also an increasing drift out of the The anti-clericals took this up and Roman Catholic Church into indiffer- he was compelled to retire. Just ence and infidelity. Some years ago about the time of his retirement a a military officer took his company drama, "Electra," written by the * From the Christian I ntelligencer. most celebrated Spanish novelist of to the grave, and throwing in a the day, was played. Electra, whose handful of earth, recited the Scripmother was dead and whose father ture passage: "I am the Resurrection was unknown, was adopted by an and the Life. He that believeth on uncle in whose house a Jesuit held Me, tho he were dead, yet shall live; sway. She fell in love with her and he that liveth and believeth on cousin Max, but the Jesuit wanted Me shall never die." Silently the her for the convent. By telling her crowd listened in surprize, and an old. a lie, namely that she was Max's woman on the other side of the grave sister, he succeeded in getting her murmured an "Amen." He did not to enter a convent. The truth was know but that he might be prosediscovered and she fled from the cuted for repeating a verse of the convent to her lover's arms. The Bible in a Roman Catholic cemetery, bridegroom, in a transport of rage, but some days later the son of the attacked the Jesuit for his deception deceased noble sent to him and asked and threw him to the ground. Such was the plot. The play completely him for the words he had repeated carried aw.ay the audience, and when over his father's grave. He had at the end Max exclaims "We must never before heard them and did not kill him," a voice in the gallery know from what book they came. shouted, "Kill the Jesuits," and a He was so much imprest with their beauty that he wanted to place them thousand voices applauded so that for a time the play could not proceed. on his father's gravestone. In Barcelona the people rose up Every now and then the Protestagainst the monks and destroyed the nunneries. This anti-monk feeling is ants of Spain are surprized to find growing all over Spain. a little congregation of believers of whose existence they had previously The masses are slowly breaking with Romanism, while on the other known nothing. Some one in the hand Protestantism is slowly gaining village had secured a Bible and had converts and adherents. There are been converted; he had read it to many secret believers who have not his neighbors, and some of them had yet come out as Protestants. A beau- been converted. Thus a little comtiful story is told by Rev. Theodore pany of believers was formed. A Fliedner. For a long time one of rather remarkable illustration of this the leading nobles of Spain, the Duke was in a little congregation that had de Ie Victoria, would quietly slip into sprung up in one of the villages. the evening service of the German They met regularly for the reading Protestant Mission. He always placed of Scripture and prayer, and ab- 25 pesetas (five dollars) on the col- stained from going to mass. Their lection plate and then slipt away. existence would probably not have He died in the autumn of I903, and become known had not their leader Mr. Fliedner went to the funeral as died. The priests refused to ala friend. He was surprized to not see a priest present to celebrate mass low him to be buried in the cemeor any priest bearing candles on each side of the hearse on the way to the tery because he had not gone to cemetery, for there is generally a host mass, and his friends in despair finally appealed to the Spanish Presof them at a nobleman's funeral. In byterian pastor in Madrid. They did burial chapel the priests repeated not know his name or the name of any Protestant, and in their simtheir paternosters and the body would plicity and ignorance, they addrest have been lowered into the grave their letter to "John Bunyan," at the without a word of comfort, Mr. Protestant chapel, Madrid. They Fliedner felt the funeral was too must in some way have become acmuch like a heathen one, and out of quainted with John Bunyan's immorrespect to his old friend, he stept tal "Pilgrim's Progress," and as his was the only Protestant name they knew, they wrote to him. Of course,

the Protestants of Madrid soon pro- She is now feeling the pressure of vided a place for the burial of this the nations around her, as France Protestant. and Portugal have declared for re- ligious liberty. Thus prest upon But the greatest ork of Protest- from without, and with a growing ant Missions in Spain is in their constituency for religious liberty schools. Each Protestant mission, within her, some day there will be whether it belongs to the American a revulsion, liberty will come, and Board or British Presbyterians or Catholicism will loose its domination. Irish Episcopalians or Germans (for Vhen that time comes there will be these are the four leading bodies found many who have believed In working in Spain), has large schools; Protestantism secretly. altho their communicant membership is often small. The number of the THE OUTLOOK IN SPAIN pupils runs into the hundreds when the number of church members is THERE have recently been several only in the tens. The reason for encouraging signs of progress this is that many of the Catholics toward religious liberty in Spain-the realize the wretched instruction given home of the inquisition. The political in the Catholic schools. The pupil unrest has apparently helped, rather than hindered the cause of liberty of there is taught more about the Ave conscience and worship. Earnest ef- Marias, Pater Nosters and the creed forts are being made to secure legislathan about reading and writing. Mr. tion that will exempt Protestant sol- Fliedner was one day seated opposite diers and sailors from attendance at a priest on the car, and said to him: Roman Catholic mass. Recently "It is a shame that in the Catholic Colonel Duan Labrador, a staunch schools nothing of Christian religion Protestant and esteemed officer of the is taught beyond the Lord's Prayer, Royal Naval Artillery, was ordered to the creed, and Ave Maria." He ex- attend "mass of the Holy Spirit" bepected an indignant denial, but the fore presiding over a naval court. priest replied: "If they would at least Colonel Labrador petitioned the King learn· that, we should be satisfied," for exemption from this obligation, thus granting that it was true. One but his request was refused, altho of our guides in Spain had to take such attendance is no longer required his little girl from the Catholic school in the army department. Colonel because in her first two years there Labrador wrote to his superior officer she had never learned to read, and that his conscience would not permit 011iy learned to recite Ave Marias. him to attend mass. He was placed under arrest and tried for insubordi- The Protestant schools are, in C011sequence, filled with Catholic chil- nation. His conviction would mean dren. It is true many of them join loss of rank, salary, and general imthe church of their parents, but they poverishment and distress. The case have at least lost their bigotry, anti has already attracted considerable atout of them is growing up a continu- tention. The president of the Spanish ally increasing constituency desirous Cabinet has submitted to the Cortes of religious liberty. Altho the Prot- a law harmonizing the laws of the estants of Spain number only be- navy department in this respect with tween 10,000 and 20,000, yet in 191I, those of the army. The passage of a petition of 150,000 signatures welle such a bill will remove the obligation up to the Spanish Cortes asking for to attend mass-which Protestants religious liberty, many of them being look upon as idolatrous-and will be the Protestant Catholics who had another step toward Christian liberty been Protestant pupils, and who used in backward Spain. their influence with others for that cause. Spain is the last country in Eu- rope not to have full religious liberty.

THI<.: LORD'S PRAYER AS A

DOCUMENT * BY HEV. JOSEPH HENHY ODELL, SCHANTON, PA.

~W" ITH" a smug self-satis- If this thrilling and romantic spirit faction, which is surely fails to touch us the reason will be found in the fact that we have un- . the 111o-St incomprehen- consciously acceded to the conven- tional use of the prayer, we have sible mood of modern become the unwilling victims of a fa- miliarity which needs to be broken Christendom, the in upon by an interpretation taken from the mind and character and i • Lord's Prayer is of- sacrifice of the Master Himself.

~" fered daily by millions Our Father Which Art in Heaven!

who are oblivious of its real mean- That little pronoun "OU?/' is more than comprehensive, it is all-inclusive. ing. It has been assumed, hy tacit I do not see where you can drive a single stake to mark a boundary. agreement, that this prayer may be Truly, it implies possession, has an intimate accent, affiliates the individused by people who can not frame ual beyond a doubt; but it does these things universally. If there linger in any other petition, as tho it were the your mind anything like racial preju- dice, it may startle you to be reneutral grourid of religion upon minded that the Semitic people by whom the word was first heard are which all kinds and conditions of farther removed from our Anglo- Saxon type than are the Aryans of men may stand without danger of Northern India. There are many races with whose blood ours will spiritual commitment. By common mingle more freely than with the Hebrew. Science ought to have made consent we treat it as the irreducible this finessing on features utterly im- possible, but science makes slight minimum of worship; it has even be- headway against prejudice. However, if I am in need of a commentary come the official counter which passes upon this initial word, I prefer to trust myself to that vision of the current for prayer in political and consummation of Christ's kingdom found in the Apocalypse, rather than commercial cOllventions; it does so- to the conclusions of anthropology or comparative anatomy: cial service upon occasions when any- "After this I beheld, and 10, a great thing supposed to be definite or dog- multitude which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, matic would be in bad for111. Thus and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white our Lord's Prayer may be said to robes, and palms in their hands; and cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation have become thoroughly devitalized. to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb." Instead of being the minimum, it is Noone can truly say, "Our Faththe very maximum of prayer; rather er," who consciously isolates himself from the rest of the race. vVe are than a pale substitute for a pro- nounced spiritual attitude, it is the most positive, virile and dynamical utterance that can possibly fall from human lips. Therefore, if we can pour back into its depleted veins what Christ had in His mind and heart when He gave it to the dis- ciples, we shall be doing nothing more than starting again at the be- ginning, tracing the head-waters of the river of life to their source.

Nothing seems more certain to me than that the Lord's Prayer contains Christ's complete purpose for the re- demption of the entire world-the motive, program, method and goal of what we call either home or foreign missions can be found in its various clauses and stamped upon its entire structure. Everything aggressive and progressive in Christianity is involved when it is properly recited.

* From a leaflet printed by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., 156 F,fth Avenue, New York.

bound to all humanity the moment knit the whole human family into we bend our knees in prayer. a brotherhood with a common ances- try. A Dyak or a Patagonian is Our Father which art in Heaven! our brother by right of birth; there The God with the geographical habi- is one God and Father of all; "Haltat is gone. Bethel, Jerusalem, Be- lowed be Thy name." No deeper nares, Mount Olympus, Mecca, hold degradation can be put upon the Dithe eye and draw the feet no more. vine Fatherhood than to disallow the The Maori in New Zealand is as right of some of His children to parclose to God as the minister in New ticipate in the shelter, food and joy York. Heaven is equinear to every of the Father's home. We can not soul that feels an aspiration or cher- disinherit one of His sons without ishes a sacred hope. The heresy of cutting a,vay our own kindred rights special privilege has surreptitiously and privileges. fastened upon the consciousness of Western Christians, blinding their Thy Kingdom Come! vision and blighting their faith. And it will remain with its curse until we Olrist's teaching may be grouped rediscover the universal significance under two main divisions: the Fathof these memory-dulled phrases. erhood of God and the Kingdom of Heaven established on earth. Christ's Our Father which art in heaven; conception of the Kingdom was in- finitely greater and grander than our Hallowed Be Thy Name! thought of the Church. I believe it comprehended not simply redeemed What name? Father! Just to lives, but a human society controlled hedge the Almighty against verbal and guided by the will of God. The irreverence is a very narrow and Church is an organization of Chrisshallow interpretation. Hallowed be tian men and women governed by the name of "Father," for it means certain definite rules; the Kingdom of everything our poor, disinherited and Heaven is composed of all people, disendowed humanity can need or societies, institutions and influences crave. Read into it all the best that that interpret the will of God on natural paternity illustrates and you earth. So in this prayer the Master have a large content to the word- looks for more than the salvation of the giving of life, protection, guid- individuals; He craves the permeaance, and an instinctive affection. tion and subjugation of every hu- But read it through the life of Christ man relationship and enterprise by and you have a wealth of loving the spirit of God. It is not enough solicitude and wise governance quite to build up little churches in India, inexhaustible. And yet, strange as Africa, China, Europe; the law of it may seem, I think the wonder and the heavenly life is to conquer and glory of the name must be found in control the legislation, social customs, its correlative-in the sonship of art, commerce, politics of these variman. As the sons of God, made in ous lands. The Kingdom of God His image, we can safely leave the will have fully come only when every accidentals and incidentals out of ac- thought and activity of mankind is in count. Man's height in feet and harmony with the Divine mind. inches, the cranial contour, the hue of the skin, the cast of the features, I know of no better illustration of have nothing to do with personality, how the Kingdom is coming than and personality is the distinguishing the words of Count Okuma, one of characteristic of mankind. Person- the founders of N ew Japan, and at ality is made up of three interacting one time Prime Minister: "Altho things-thoughts,emotions and voli- Christianity has enrolled less than tions. Wherever these three-the 200,000 believers, yet the indirect inpower to think, to feel, to will-co- fluence of Christianity has poured exist and cooperate, there is kinship. into every realm of Japanese life. They are the essential qualities that

LORD'S PRAYER AS A MISSIONARY

It has been borne to us on all the tremendous task that we must always be in the best of condition to accurrents of European civilization; complish it. But I think we can get onto a higher plane even than most of all, the English language and that. God's purpose in the estab- lishment of His Kingdom compreliterature, so surcharged with Chris- hends the whole life of man. It is to be a kingdom on earth, amid ideal tian ideas, has exerted a wide and conditions becoming actual, in which all His children are to share to the deep influence over Japanese thought. utmost of their capacity. Christ healed the sick and fed the hungry; "Christianity has affected us not that is, He removed temporary dis- abilities and liberated men for a realonly in such superficial ways as the ization of the full meaning of life. The program of modern missions is legal observance of Sunday, but also strictly consonant with His example; industrial, medical, educational misin our ideals concerning political in- sions are the logical application of His spirit. Men must have the means stitutions, the family, and woman's of livelihood as a prerequisite to living. station. Not a few ideals in And notice the pronouns again: Japan which are supposed to have Give us this day our daily bread I The prayer is as far removed from been derived from Chinese literature individualistic selfishness as can be imagined. To offer it and then proare in reality due to European litera- ceed to grasp a 'Superfluous amount of earth's resources to the exclusion ture. The Chinese influence may still of our brother men is the hoIIowest mockery. No one can utter such supply the forms, but the soul has words sincerely without including the Indian and Chinese famine victims come from Christianity." * in his budget. I t is socialism sub- limated, sanctified, glorified. Thy Will Be Done in Earth as ]t ]s in Heaven Forgive Us Our Debts as We Forgive This is the way in which the King- Our Debtors dom comes. But the clause has an unfortunate grammatical cast which This seems to imply that the Kinghas given rise to the impression that dom is at least partially established; man's relation to the will of God is that the petitioners have already an attitude of passivity. God's will reached the level on which they have is not alone something to be borne, conquered their animosities; that they an unappealable and unrepealable de- have established a happy relationcision to be accepted with resignation. ship of amity and love toward all God's will is not simply a divine men. But very few of us will dare judgment passed upon us, but a di- to claim so much. Does it not rather mean that we seek pardon for vine program to be worked out by our sins of omission? Doubtless our us. We discover it, adopt it, em- lives would be much richer and body it, in' thought and word and stronger than they are if others had deed; we translate it into ideals, and done their duty to us. Let us forcustoms, and laW's, and institutions; give and forget what might have we transmute it into temperament been. But can we forgive ourselves? Have not we eaten our morsel alone, and character; we make its articula- have not we allowed truth to lie tion the ruling passion of our lives. And we do all these things not only as individuals, but as citizens, as societies, as municipalities, as nations.

Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread At first blush this is a descent. We seem to have dropt from the universal to the particular, from the spiritual to the temporal. But such is only a superficial verdict. An easy interpretation is to the effect that we need physical strength for spiritual tasks. That is true. The doing of the will of God on earth is such a + "A Japanese Statesman's View of Christianity in Japan. A Statemernt _by Count Okuma"-Thc International Re'l.:iew 0/ Missions, October, 1912.

dormant in our minds which should the privilege of exceptional spiritual have been distributed, have not we heritage might lead to bigotry-as accepted and appropriated for our use in the case of the Jewish disciples alone the love which .we should have who would not eat with the Christransformed into the energy of ser- tianized Gentiles. These are a few vice? St. Paul said he was "debtor of the temptations, some of the wiles both to the Greeks and to the Bar- of the evil one, set to ambush and barians; both to the wise and to the overthrow even the best of men. unwise"-not because he was their Have not we reason to pray for debeneficiary, but because God had liverance from similar perils? Far made him a trustee of truth on their too many who sincerely love and behalf. And almost the entire teach- reverence the Master to-day are vicing of Jesus Christ concerning the tims of just such moods and deduc- Judgment is to the effect that cul- tions. The supercilious air we aspability lies in neglected duty and sume toward the people of the backunseized opportunity. To be for- ward nations, the inference that God given for such omissions we must in His Mercy will take care of the pray; but our prayer must hold a unsought and untaught even if we resolution and a consecration for the neglect them, the concentration of infuture. The Hindus, the Japanese, terest upon our own affairs as if we the denizens of South America, with alone were of value in the eyes of a hundred other races, have been the Heavenly Father, the cynical conand still are our spiritual wards. If clusion that the half-lights and diswe have defaulted and defrauded torted truths of other religions are them in days gone by because we best adapted to the multitudes who have not appreciated our steward- hold them because they have known ship, we must seek pardon along the none other-these and many similar lowly path of penitence, and in the attitudes of mind and spirit are alfuture we are pledged to be true to ways endangering our faith. No state our trust. of Christian experience, however ele- vated and triumphant, can grant us Lead Us Not Into Temptation, But immunity from temptation. And the richer that experience grows the Deliver Us From Evil! more subtle and sinister become the enticements to evil. Remember, Christ is speaking to such as are already children of the For Thine is the Kingdom, the Power, Kingdom, or at least candidates for the Kingdom. We may assume that and the Glory, For Ever. Amen. He had in mind not the gross sins of the flesh-drunkenness, sensuality, These closing words of the great theft and murder-but the subtler prayer form a consistent and splensins of the spirit-the temptations did conclusion to this noblest of supof temperament and calling, the perils plications. If they are an addition that lie hidden within the very dis- from some Eastern liturgy, they show positions that shine brightest in the how completely the early Church Christian life. The highest places in caught the largest and fullest purthe Kingdom might be sought for pose of the prayer, felt the universal unworthy reasons. The consciousness heart-throb. What could be a more of virtue attained might create the fitting close than this Doxology in vice of censoriousness-the temper of which "the Kingdom, the power and the elder brother. Zeal for the Mas- the glory" are offered to God as the ter might use a devilish means to at- triple crown by those whom "the tain a godly end-calling down fire first-born among many brethren" from heaven upon the thoughtless taught to pray? Samaritans. Pride of nationality and "LOltD TEACH Us TO PRAY."

RISING TIDE IN ALASKA*

REV. S. HALL YOUNG, D.D. Special Representative of the Presbyterian Board for Alaska N Knik Arm and Turn- as the dominant power in the territory was endeavoring always to control the mO again Arm, the extreme appointment of territorial officers, and head waters of Cook's to shape Congressional legislation and policies so as to create fat offices for ~ . Inlet, at low tide you themselves and their friends and to frame mining, fishing and other laws can look out ·for I S or in the interest of the big, selfish mo- ~ 20 miles across mtiddy nopolies vith which they were allied. They opposed the development of the and forbidding flats. territory and the giving of the right of citizenship to her people. No sign of life or beauty; a barren, For many years Alaskans have desolate waste of sand and mud. been agitating for their civil rights- for home rule. Venal and incompe- Should you attempt to cross it, you tent Eastern carpet-baggers had too often filled the important offices, unwould be engulfed in quick-sands, or just laws and the gradual encroach- ment of the big syndicates kept the swallowed in slime, and be spattered people in a state of agitation and irri- tation. Alaskans are as intelligent, as with the filthy ooze. You turn from brave, as independent and as moral as any people upon the face of the the ugly waste and stroll for half an earth. When it was attempted to pass through Congress the "Beveridge hour in the forest bordering it. Your Bill" for the government of Alaska by an appointive commission, the steps bring you again to the beach. same way in which the Philippines were governed in their turbulent What is this? Out yonder there seems period, the people of Alaska raised their voice as one man in loud proto be a high white wall advancing test. We thought ourselves some- what superior to the Tagalogs and toward you with railroad speed. Soon Moros. The politicians urged the passage of the biIl; they were after you can see coruscations of foam. the fat offices it created. The syndi- cates urged it; they wished a body N ow it curls over and pours forward of lawmakers and administrators whom they could control and buy. like a wave of the sea breaking upon Ve were fortunate in having as the beach. It is what the inhabitants our delegate to Congress a strong- and fearless man-Judge James Wickerof that region call The Bore; it is sham. He is a fighter and the larger the foe the better he enjoys the fray. the incoming tide. While you gaze With the help of the best people of Alaska and of many progressives of it sweeps by you and in a few minutes all political parties he won his fight. He kiIled the Beveridge bill, and last that great, ugly waste is a sparkling, summer Congress passed and the dancing, shimmering expanse of liv- President signed a bill giving Alaska territorial rights. On the 5th of N 0ing water, and "all the world is in the vember last we elected our first terri- sea." The tide has come in.

Alaska's tide has been out the past few years. All the great stampedes into the gold fields ceased for the time.

The flurries about the great coal re- gions, the copper mines, the Copper VaIley and Central Alaskan railroads, the rapidly increasing salmon can- neries, and the agricultural lands of Alaska subsided. The people of the coast, especially, have been in a state of uncertainty and depression on ac- count of the tmsatisfactorv condition of certain vital questions, such as the coal, land and railroad questions.

They did not wish their coal lands, which are among the richest of the world, to be monopolized by selfish syndicates, neither did they desire them to be conserved for th'e use of their great-great-grand children.

The Alaska political machine which existed through four administrations • From The Assembly Herald. Jun". 1913.

torial legislature. We now feel our- mining camps within the past year, selves American citizens, able to Ruby on the Yukon, and the country make our own local laws and elect . around the head of Cook's Inlet, and our own local officers. We have not two new mis&ionaries have been re- our full rights as yet, for the bill cently commissioned to the&e fields.

was bound and hampered by many Last summer I spent some little restrictions, but we have at ieast time at. the new mining camp of the right and the means of protest- Ruby on the Yukon. It is situated ing agaimt unworthy legislation and I25 miles below the mouth 'of the of bringing before Congress our Tanana River. The town site is needs. In addition to this bill, Can· beautiful. A number of gold-bearing gress passed a much more liberal and creeks have been explored and many just miner's bill, doing away with the pay streaks of low grade gravel, but location of association claims and th(; large in extent, have been developed.

power of attorney evil. Those big A thriving little town has grown up syndicates can no longer "blankcc" as if by magic. The people are eager our gold-bearing creeks, our coal for a church. I presented this matter fields, or our copper mines. The in·· to the Board of Home Missions, and dividual prospector and miner has a it was advertised in our papers.

chance. Now, we have sent the Rev. E. N.

An act was also passed authorizing Bradshaw, D.D., from Leon, Iowa, the President to appoint a Railroad to that field. He sailed on March 10 Commission, to report upon the most from Seattle for Cordova. At Cor- feasible route for government rail- dova he was outfitted for the trail roads from the Coast to the Interior with the help of Dr. M. E. Koonce, of Alaska. That commission has re- and went on to Fairbanks.

ported and urged the construction of There are several fields in Alaska a railroad from Cordova to Fair- to be manned, and doubtless within banks, opening up the greater Yukon the next year several new camps will Valley with a branch to the Bering open up. The charm of that work Lake coal fields, and another railroad grows upon me with the years. Its from Seward, via the Matanuska coal chief element is the newness of the fields to the Susitna Valley, and field. There the missionary is build- across the McKinley Range to the ing upon no other man's foundation.

important Kuskokwim. He is doing work that would not be Watch Alaska the next few years! done were he not there. Our mis- A stampede of farmers, as well as sionaries at Knik and Ruby are the of gold, copper and coal miners, is only mini&ters of any denomination confidently predicted. Cordova and in a wide territory. Iditarod, where Seward on the Coast, with Fairbanks I spent last winter, is at present un- and other towns in the Interior, are manned, but we have not forgotten looking forward with hope to a large it. The churches are responding no- growth in the near future. The tide bly to our appeals for special equip- is coming in! ment, such as boats, bells, organs, fur With thi'S expected and immanent coats and robes, reading matter for material progress and growth in our free reading rooms, hospital sup- population, a corresponding increase plies, etc. We need these, and most in missionary activity is noticeable. of all we need the men and the There have been more changes and women who are adapted to that pe- new missions in the Alaska field with- culiar work, and who are thoroughly in the past year than in four or .five consecrated. Pray for and study previous years. I explored two new Alaska.

EDITORIALS

PEACE ON EARTH many years a missionary m South MANY events took place last May Africa, remarks: bearing on the theme of interna- "Let the man who labors under the tional peace. In addition to the con- delusion that 'the native is all right as ferences in America, at Lake Mohonk he is,' visit the middle of a large native and at St. Louis, we learn that a body kraal. Let him go and sit down on of 150 German Protestant ministers a dirty mat, by the smoky fire, in an sent out an appeal to all the pastors of unventilated heathen hut. Let the Germany asking them to preach and cockroaches and other creatures crawl teach the introduction of international over him; let him see and feel the arbitration. A conference of French greasy skins and blankets worn by day and German deputies was also held at· and night. Let him sleep a night in Berne for the purpOse of bringing such a place, and then report. Let him these two countries into closer and hear the cursing that puts English more friendly relations. An Interna- bad language in the shade. Let him tional Commission met at Washington learn the filthy customs, common to to settle some pecuniary claims long men and women and children. Let outstanding between Great Britain and him wallow in all the 'morals' of Canada on the one side and the United polygamy. Let him see the utter lazi- States on the other. Secretary Bryan ness and selfishness of the men, the announced that he would ask for the ignorance and dirt of the women, the rellewal of the arbitration treaties neglected condition of the children.

between the United States and Great Let him attend a 'beer drink' and a Britain, which expire soon. He. also native wedding, and see heathenism explained to the delegates who came in all its naked ugliness and grossness.

across the Atlantic to arrange the de- And then let him say honestly if he tails of the celebration of the One still holds the same delusion that 'the Hundred Years of Peace, President heathen are all right as they are!' "

Wilson's plan for the prevention of But even if the people of Africa, war. The delegates determined to in- India, China and other lands were as vite the governments and peoples of care-free and contented as a well-fed, the civilized world to take part in the unabused dog, would that be sufficient peace celebration. reason to "let them alone ?" Yes, if vVe do not know if peace between man is only an animal; but no, a thou- nations can be secured by political sand times NO, if man is made to be agreements and courts of arbitration. like his Creator; if Jesus Christ, the Such peace is worth working for and Son of God, came to give life and im- praying for, but it is not to be com- mortality to mankind; if it is true that pared in importance with the peace "there is none other Name under hea- between God and man, the peace of ven given among men whereby we soul that can come only on the basis must be saved."

of the atonement of Jesus Christ and ONE CURSE OF CHINA WITHDRAWN the new life that He imparts.

ARE THE "HEATHEN" HAPPY? T HE statement of the British Under-Secretary of State for W E still hear the' statement made India that the Government was pre- by some who disparage missions pared to revise the treaty of 19II with to the non-Christian peoples that they China regarding opium, and not to are "happy as they are." If so, why send any more opium to that country not leave them alone? does not mean that opium smoking is Caustically replying to this state- tooted out of China but it does mean ment and question, Dr. Hertslet, for that Great Britain is now ready to

cooperate with the Chinese Govern- prayers has no parallel in history, but ment in their earnest effort to rid the as the Rev. S. C. Carpenter points country of the mischiefs caused by the out in the Church Times, there is an traffic. The British Government made instructive parallel between China's an agreement in 1907 whereby the friendly change of front and that of Indian trade was to be extinguished in the Emperors Galerius and Constanten years; and in 191 I a modification tine in the fourth century. While not was made because the extinction of suggesting that the new friendliness the poppy in China went on at such a of the Chinese authorities is due to rate. Three Manchurian provinces superstition, as that of Galerius is and Szechwan and Shansi were closed thought by some to have been, or to the traffic in August, 19II, and of prompted by political motives, as was two more provinces in January, 1913. that of Constantine, Mr. Carpenter By treaty engagements China might points out that once again a governhave been compelled to receive be- ment has began to appreciate the value tween now and 1917 over 43,000 addi- of the contribution which the Church tional chests of Indian opium, the makes to the life of an empire; and that value of which would be some the recognition comes at a time when iI7,000,000 sterling, and Great Britain an effete system has been swept away has surrendered that right. and a new regime is being initiated by men who are not professional politi- The British opium trade with China cians, but desire to establish a form of is dead if China remains true to her really popular government-a parallel present purpose to prevent the produc- which, he thinks, is calculated to reastion of opium at home. This end of a sure those who may now fear for the traffic which has long been a disgrace Church in China the dangers of sucto a Christian nation is a cause for cess, establishment and popUlarity. great thanksgiving but may not be deserving of any special praise. The atti- It is no doubt possible to overestitude of the Chinese Government to- mate the meaning of the new signs of ward opium had brought the British to friendliness to Christianity manifested the point where it was necessary either in China, for all the student class is to force a market for Indian opium or leading in a search for new and better to relinguish the right to sell it, and in things. They are cutting away from consequence the trade has been stopt. old foundations and there is danger Much credit is due to Christians of lest they select too carelessly the new, England and America for their cam- and build too hastily upon them. The paign against the British trade in sobering influence of persecution is opium but many will share the feeling also withdrawn from those who conexprest by the London Times, "an fess Christ. A great work is going on indisposition to praise with unction the and there is a wide open door but British Government's recent decision." China needs our prayers. Now is the time for the American Government to take some action BIBLE TEACHINGS ABOUT THE against the continued wholesale importation of the pernicious American HOLY SPIRIT cigarets into China. 1. John, iii: 3-5 : "Except a man IS CHINA ABOUT TO BECOME be born of water and the Spirit, he can not see the Kingdom of God." CHRISTIAN? 2. Romans, viii: 14 : "As many as T HERE are dangers as well as en- are led by the Spirit of God, they are couragements in the present atti- the sons of God." tude of friendliness toward Christianity in China. The appeal of the 3. Ephesians, v: 18: "Be filled with Chinese Government to the Christians the Spirit." of that and other lands for their The first shows us where life be- gins, second, how it controls man, and third, how it maturps.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES might profitably be attempted in many country towns. A Mission Pre… Bureau Salvation Army Mi••ion. W ORD comes from London of a new enterprise which may have eENERAL BOOTH recently dedia large influence on the popular British cated a party of 102 officers for attitude toward missions. A mission service in India, the Dutch Indies, Press Bureau has been established Korea, Japan, Holland, Canada, with its headquarters at the Laymen's South Africa, New Zealand, South Missionary Movement which finances America, France, Malta and Gibraltar. the experiment. An experienced and This is the largest party ever sent out able Fleet Street journalist keenly at one time by the Army, and over 75 interested in missions has been secured are going to India. The event was for an initial experiment of a year. emphasized in a striking fashion. In The aim is to secure a wider use of addition to the foreign mission continmissionary information in the secular gent, there were 350 men and women press. There are, as all Missionary accepted from the Training College Secretaries know, quite a large number for work in the home field. Colors of stories from the field coming in to were also presented to the officers the offices of the Societies which, when appointed to open a number of new properly written for newspaper use, corps in the United Kingdom. The exceed in thrilling interest and fas- whole of the meeting was conducted cination much of the ordinary contents on a spectacular plan. The 350 ne,w of the daily paper. The possibilities officers marched into the arena and in such an undertaking stimulate the mounted five pyramids, and as they imagination. stood there sang a Salvationist fighting hymn. The missionary officers were A Good Plan for Country Towns shown a typical Indian village, with hospital, school-house, temple, etc.' I Na small country town, a few ladies The new colors were taken by Mrs. who were keenly interested in the Booth from white-robed children, and Lord's work in other lands, formed, handed ·to· the waiting officers. At the not a series of small working parties close, General Bramwell Booth dein connection with each church, but a livered a consecration charge to the "Women's Missionary Union," to missionaries by the light of a huge gather once a month for work, and the cross formed of electric lights, a11 the reading of some instructive mIssionary other lights in the hall being exbooks and prayer. Members of the tinguished. Clmrch of England and all the Free Churches work together harmoniously, Serious Deficits Reported and the Union includes representatives of the CM.S., the L.M.S., the Friends' T HE London Christian World notes Foreign Missions, the China Inland that four of the leading British Mission, and the Wesleyan Methodist societies report this year having defiand the Primitive Methodist Mission- ciencies. The London Society has the ary Societies. At the close of the year largest, amounting to about $I45,000. a decision is come to, as to the pro- The Church Society reports $140,000; portional disposal among the societies the Baptist Society $50,000, and the of the articles made and money col·· Wesleyan Society $4°,000. The delected. Mr. Albert Lutley (CLM.), ficiencies are not due to expanding who informs us of the facts, suggests work, but to falling off in receipts. that developments along these lines The London Society has now a debt

of about $370,000. It would appear part of students. In Germany, the Stuthat an every-member canvass is dent Missionary Union, which comneeded by the friends across the sea. prizes those who, after the completion of their University course, intend go- Then and Now ing out to the mission-field, numbers at present 87 members, mostly medi- T HE meeting held in the Chinese cals. Compared with the American Embassy on the Day of Prayer student volunteer movement, the figure for China reminded more than one is extremely modest, but judged by observer of the fact that in that very German conditions, as they were ten building 17 years before Sun Vat Sen years ago, there is good ground for was held a prisoner, awaiting his de- hopefulness, the more so as, apart portation to China to be decapitated, from the Missionary Union circle, in all probability. His release was there has been a real increase of secured at the last moment by his old interest in missions among the general missionary teacher, Dr. Cantile, to body of students and associations whom he succeeded in sending a mes- which, until recently, showed but sage. The Revolution, of which he feeble signs of life; they have been became the leader, has borne no more awakened to a renewed responsibility striking fruit than the request for for carrying forward their work. prayer which was the occasion of the meeting referred to. A representative Exodus from Rome in Germany audience from the Chinese student body in London wa.s present,. !he T HERE is a constant passage from President of the Chmese ChnstIan Catholicism to Protestantism in Student Union was in the chair, at the Prussia which is not counterbalanced invitation of the Chinese Ambassador, by an' equivalent movement in the who himself took part in the meeting. other direction. Thus, in 19IO, the Among the Europeans who joined in number of Catholics becoming Protthe intercession for the welfare of estant was 6,126; of Protest.ants and China was Dr. Cantile. Jews becoming Catholic, 544. Even more marked is the "out-of-Rome" A Livingstone Memorial Station tendency in Austria. Between 1908 and 1910, the Austrian Protestant T HE Directors of the society which community grew from 534,941 souls had the honor of sending Living- to .<;93,256. This growth of. 58,~15 stone to Africa as a medical mission- adherents is due partly to emigration arv are appealing to the public for a from Germany, partly to natural insu~ of at least fIO,OOO in order to crease, and partly to abandonment of establish a mission station in Central Romanism. It is reported that an A frica to be calIed the "Livingstone "away-from-Rome" meeting, held in Memorial Station." It is desired that Vienna in protest against the supersuch a center may be so efficiently stition of the Eucharist demonstraequipped with mIssionary· age~cies, tion last fall, was closed by the seevangelistic, medical, and educatIOnal, cession of 84 heads of Roman Cathothat its work shall be a fulfilment of lic families to Protestantism. Livingstone's service and prayer for the peoples of Central Africa that it Loose-From-Rome in Austria may stand as an outpost against the advance of Islam and its accompany- S INCE about 1897 an evangelical ing slavery, and be recognized. as a movement of larg-e proportions has most effective force for the uphft of been going forward in Austria and has the African. resulted up to 191 I in the transference of over 64,000 Roman Catholics to THE CONTINENT Protestant churches. From 1900 to 19IO there was a net gain for Austrian Germany and Missions Protestants Lutheran and Reformed of 95,754.' To understand the rise ONE of the most promising signs of awakened missionary interest is to be found in the response on the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

and progress of the "Loose-from- and incidentally strengthening their Rome" movement, racial and reli- initiative and enterprise at the expense gious conditions from the medieval of their fatalism. By encouraging selftime must be taken into consideration. support and self-government in the The Hussite movement which swept management of the native congrega- Moravia and Bohemia during the first tions, the American missionaries in half of the fifteenth century was itself Turkey have taught wholesome prinhased upon antagonism between the ciples which made for the progress of German and the native populations. the country along individualistic and democratic lines." MOSLEM LANDS Where Islam is Lacking What Mis.ionaries Are Doing for NOTHING is more sad in Islam Turkey than the ideas and customs con- nected with death. In the Moslem T HE Earl of Shaftesbury is re- death-chamber,' parents and friends ported as having described the surround the dying man, seeking to de- American missionaries in Turkey as ceive him by assurances that he is "a marvelous combination of common getting better; everything is done to sense and piety. Those I have met, revive his hope of recovery. At last. a and I have met and known very many Moslem scribe is sent for, who writes of them, have been distinguished also out a talisman. This may either be for their refinement and education. written on a piece of paper which is The American missionaries, as I have then hung up in the room, or on the known them in Turkey, have had to part of the dying man's body where be all things to all men-physicians, he feels the most pain. Or it may mechanics, savings banks, legal ad- be written in a white soup plate, on visers. I once saw a typical American which water is poured. missionary, who recently died in Sidon -Rev. Dr. Samuel Jessup-within an Moslem Women to Christian Queens hour perform the following functions: Converse with a native mule-driver T HE Orient, published in Constanand hand him a copy of the New tinople, gives a translation of an Testament, produce from his vest appeal to the queens of Europe, pocket a plaster for a wounded hand, adopted at a meeting of Moslem repair a badly damaged mm,ic organ, women, . held in February: advise some tillers of the soil regarding machinery for crushing olives. Your Majesty is not ignorant of the fact that against Turkey, who is "American missionaries created the accused of fanaticism, but who has, cotton lace industry of Turkey, which nevertheless, never waged religious has become a national asset. This year wars, the Balkan States have organthe export of Turkish cotton lace. to ized a crusade, the King of Bul- America will amount to about'$I,OOO,- garia, in a proclamation that has 000, as against half that amount in become sadly famous, having very· 191 I. Manual training schools have loudly declared that this war was to been started in Turkey by American be the war of the Cross against the missionaries, so also model experi- Crescent. mental farms. At Robert College, in Constantinople, they have an up-to- Therefore, madame, the Balkan date engineering school-the only one soldiers have invaded our country, in Turkey; at the Syrian Protestant proclaiming themselves the soldiers College, in Beirut, they have a school of Jesus, Son of Mary, of Him whom of commerce, by. far the best of its we also venerate as a Prophet and kind in the Ottoman Empire. Ameri- whom an humanity cherishes as the can medical missionaries have intro- most striking personification of jusduced new remedies for sickness, thus tice, sweetness and kindness. preserving the health of the people Yet what have these self-styled soldiers of the Christ done?

Ask the old men, the women, and dwell among native Christians and the frightened children, who flee be- bring back the story of Christian life. fore them and who go even into Asia They looked for good teaching and to seek a little safety i ask rather the also for people whose life and conduct thousands of miserable persons who reflected the teaching. These found were unable to flee, and whose this, and they accepted Christianity. corpses are rotting in the mud, after their poor bodies have undergone What Indian Christians Would Know such tortures and such shameful outrages that we, women speaking to I T is proposed to hold a conference women, can only abstain, out of re- of native ministers in South India, spect for our common modesty, from and The Christian Patriot, of Madras, conjuring up too vivid pictures of has been asking some questions, which them. are almost as pertinent for the minis- ters of the United States as for those Madame, you are a queen; there- of South India. Some of the quesfore, you have a mother's feeling tions are as follows: "Is India to have toward all the humble and feeble a single form of Church government? among your people; you are a Chris- Is the form of worship to be the tian queen, professing the religion same for all the churches? What of Him who placed compassion and would best foster and strengthen Inlove before all the other virtues; and dian Christian leadership? Can interlastly, you are a woman of the most change of pulpits and inter-comillustrious nobility, and as such, you munion be encouraged? Is there no have in the highest degree the senti- reason to have the pUlpits reformed? ment of honor. What attempts might be made to bring about revivals in the churches? How In the name of chivalric honor, in could we awaken a desire to underthe name of Christian charity, in the take voluntary preaching work? name of maternal compassion, gra- Could not our sisters be enlisted in ciously deign, madame, to hear the special work for the spread of the cry of indignation and despair ut- Kingdom? What about the rising tered by heartbroken mothers, sisters generation and such a movement as and daughters. Deign in reply, to the Children's Ministering League?" raise your most profoundly respected voice; deign, Your Majesty, to bring Awakening in Western India the law of Christ in regard to the life of men and the honor of women, T HERE are evident signs that a to the minds of the infamous hordes mass movement is beginning in who are trying to hide under the the Nasik, Manmad, and Aurungabad shadow of the Cross the most lurid districts of Western India. The series of fires, murders and viola- C.M.S. Gazette for June says :-"A tions that one can find in any Euro- number of baptisms are recorded, and pean war of our times. over 1,000 adults have given in their names· as inquirers. At Manmad a INDIA, CEYLON AND BURMA good number of people have been bap- tized, many inquirers have been admit- A Test of Christian Doctrine ted, and a larger number are expected shortly to enroll themselves." A MISSIONARY in India used to tell of the steps which led the The Alliance Mission in Gujerat residents of a certain heathen village to renounce heathenism and accept T HE work carried on by the Chris- Christianitv. The villagers sent two tian and Missionary Alliance in successive ~ deputations of their own Gujerat. Berar and the Khandesh is number-the first had to follow the thus summarized in the home organ of English missionary on one of his the Alliance: tours, and bring back the story of Christian doctrine; the second had to We are compeIled to summarize in

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a few sentences the work of 77 foreign three years and a half ago he was missionaries and 95 native laborers, in converted. Born ina religious Hindu three provinces, with an aggregate family, brought up in all the rites of population of 3,000,000. It is organ- Sivite Hinduism, he was very zealous ized around 23 central and 30 out- in the fulfilment of its observance. He stations. It reports a thousand com- worshiped many idols and believed in municants and twice as many native the superstitions and traditions of his Christians; 2, I 50 children in 33 Sun- people. In 1901 his uncle became a day-schools; 400 in other schools, and convert to Christianity and won the IS in the two training schools for bitter hatred of his o;thodox nephew native workers. We note that the for it. Instead of resenting the orphanages have now about 300 chil- nephew's ill-feeling, the uncle gave him dren. The baptisms of the year have numbered 34 and the inquirers 135, aNew Testament, offering him one and the fruit of the mission has been rupee if he would read one Gospel. more widely distributed among many The nephew angrily refused the book stations than confined to the larger and the rupee. He hated the very centers and orphanages. The indus- name of Christ. Yet he watched his trial work at Akola, under the charge uncle's life and was very much imof Mr. Peter Eicher, reports 43 work- prest by his godliness and patience, men and receipts for actual work and by the religious spirit of a Chrisamounting to $8,750, and is carried on tian family in the village where he without loss, indeed, with a fair dwelt. He imitated them in his praybalance. ers to his gods.

Unreached Classes in India One day he heard the Sermon on the Mount. Struck by its beauty, he read ONE class wholly untouched by mis- it to his mother without informing her sion work is the many thousands that it was a portion of the Bible. He of deaf and dumb. When we think was u)1willing to give this credit to the of the abundant provision made for Christian Scriptures that they conthe education of the deaf and dumb in tained teaching so excellent and in- Christian lands, and remember that teresting. there is in India no school or home for these unfortunate thousands-how After hard struggles, he went to his can we but groan in spirit? praying uncle, but, alas, tho a pious, praying man, he knew not how to lead Another class almost untouched by him to Christ. Months of anxiety and missionary effort are the blind. There of earnest seeking passed. One Sunday are in one province alone 105,722 per- he went to a church service,having sons who are blind in both eyes. never before attended one. Afraid of being seen by friends, he hovered out- There are only two institutions in side the open door. The preacher anthis province for the blind. nounced his text, "Come in, thou blessed of the Lord; wherefore stand- It is a sad fact that little or nothing est thou without?" (Gen. 24:31.) To has been done for the blind either him, the words were a call from God. by government or missionary societies. He entered the open door, and his de- Thousands of them go from house to cision was made for Christ. house, day after day, begging bread, and probably not two hundred of them Then came the storm. His mother know how to read the characters for the blind.-(Rev. Dr.) 1. 1. Lucas of angrily struck him when he told her of Allahabad. his faith. He refused to worship From Hinduism to Christian Endeavor idols, and his mother and sisters were MR. S. P. KADAMBAVANAN has been made a Christian En- filled with indignation. His schooldeavor secretary in Madras. Only mates mocked him and his new relig- ion. His mother hid his Bible and threatened to poison him. Then he fled to his Christian uncle in Madras,

but returned in answer to the per- industry by the Empress giving her sistent, tearful entreaties of his moth- personal attention to the silk worms in er. He was kept a prisoner after his the mulberry groves in the temple enreturn and was always watched by closure. One of the recent acts of some relative. He received many the present government was a problows and often he was curst. At last posal from the Ministry of Agriculture he determined to be baptized in spite and Forestry to turn these temples of the tears of his mother and sisters. into agricultural and experimental sta- He fled from home, went to Madras tions and farms. Very naturally this again, and in Zion Church accepted proposal called forth the charge of Christ as his Savior in public baptism. vandalism and impiety. The Depart- Then he attended the Kellett Institute ment of Agriculture, however, makes in Madras, and now, only twenty-two a plausible reply to this charge. It is years of age, he has been separated said that the temple buildings and unto the work of a Christian Endeavor grounds have been going to ruin secretary. through neglect, and that it is the pur- pose of the government that all the Language Schools for Missionaries palaces and halls and sacrificial altars connected with them shall be carefully T HE Indian Methodist Times repaired and preserved as monuments says: "One of the most practical of the national art and architecture. results of the Edinburgh Conference Also that if in future the Republic has been the establishment of lan- should feel called upon to continue to guage schools for missionaries. One perform the former sacrificial rites to has for some time been at work in which the temples were devoted, they the United Provinces for Hindi could be performed without the fear speaking missionaries, and it is now of any interference.-Missiona.ry Surproposed to open one to work in vey. Bengali. The Rev. W. S. Page has been asked to take charge of it and LHow the Day of Prayer Was Kept has consented if he i5 released from ETTERS from China contain very his present work as vice-principal of striking descriptions of the man- Serampore. The Serampore College ner in which Christians and their symcouncil has met the committee in the pathizers observed the Day of Prayer, most generous spirit, and it is ex- April 27. Writing from Tientsin the pected that so far as Serampore is Rev. Arthur Sowerby states that about concerned there will be no difficulty. a thousand people assembled in the After a careful survey of the possibil- afternoon in the Li Hung Chang Meities, Calcutta has been selected as morial Hall, two galleries reserved for the most suitable location for an ex- ladies being well filled. The President perimental school; and if, as is ex- was Mr. Chang Po Ling, principal of pected, sufficient students are forth- one of the· large goverment schools coming, and if, as is hoped, adequate and a leading Christian. Addresses financial guarantees can be secured, were given by two Chinese pastors, the school will commence work dur- another read Psalm 86, and others Jed ing the current year." the gathering in prayer. Lieut.-Co!. Chang Shao brought a written mes- CHINA sage from the provincial governor, and several leading officials were present. Radical Changes in Progress Another report is sent by Rev. R. T HE most famous of all the temples C. Forsyth, who describes the obser- of China are the Temple of Hea- vance of the day in Tsinan fu, the ven and the Temple of Earth at capital of Shantung. Here the ser- Peking. These temples were originally vice was held in the new chapel of the consecrated for the purpose of prayer Baptist mission, all the arrangements by the Emperor for good harvests, and for the encouragement of the silk

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being made by the leaders of the native It is safe to say that the next genechurch. The Governor of the prov- ration of Christians in this district ince was represented by two of the will not countenance the old heathen members of his staff, and several practise of engaging the children in officers in full uniform attended by babyhood and that other ancient evil order of the colonel of the Fifth Divi- customs will also be abandoned. sion. A Chinese gentleman presided, and the program included hymns by a A Temperance for Children choir of students. The proceedings, N "International School Children's which were closed by the singing of Temperance League" has been the Chinese national anthem, were of formed by Rev. Edward W. Thwing, a most impressive nature throughout. the Oriental Secretary of the Interna- Also from Tai Yuan fu, the capital of tional Reform Bureau. Many chil- Shansi, comes a similar report by the dren are already wearing the button Rev. T. E. Lower: "Our chapel was which has a white cross on a blue crowded last Sunday, when special field with red letters "I. S. C. T. L." prayer was made on behalf of the for title above. The pledge they sign nation and its leaders. Representa- i!, as follows: "I will wear the League tives from the civil and military button, and promise to try and keep governors attended, and some 20 my heart pure, not to say bad words, members of the provincial assembly not to look at bad pictures, not to were present. smoke, not to drink intoxicating liquors, and to do what I can to help A Women's Convention in China others to take the stand, and God will help me." Mr. Thwing has been ap- T HE recent convention of women pointed an official adviser of the New in China is a marked evidence of Board of Education of the Chinese the progress of that great Republic. RepUblic, which has established a Parts of four counties were repre- special department of "Social Service" sented, Christians coming as far as at his suggestion. His chief work for 60 miles in some cases, on barrows the government is as the official adand afoot. The leaders were Chinese viser of the Opium Commission. and women spoke from the platform without hesitancy, but with eloquence Changes in Two Provinces and spirit. Miss Ho, a young woman not much over 20, addrest the THE Mios of Yunnan and Kweiaudience of men and women on the chau, who have been pouring into "Duty of 'vVomen in the New Repub- the Church in the past few years, lic." The subject of foot binding was were, before they became Christians, introduced by a Chinese woman of not illiterate, but had never even seen infiuence and some 80 women prom- their speech in written form. The ised to unbind, or influence others to missionaries have reduced it to unbind. The subject of family prayers writing, translated part of the Scripshowed that a fairly representative tures and have now been instructing number present already observes this thousands,in reading. This has been duty. The subjects of discussion were largely brought about with the help all especially applicable to the Chinese of the colporteur readers of the Bible women-such as: Society. These spend a week in a village and then pass on to another Equal authority of husband and wife. hamlet. Over 300 villages are thus Partiality between sons and daughters. helped in the course of a year. The The duty of sending girls to school. ~ios make the most of their new op- The duty and power of women in portunity, studying night and day. prayer. vVearing apparel. Mr. Pollard of the China Inland Cleanliness and order of the home. Mission, who pioneered this work, Dedication of children to thf, Lord. often had three generations in a sin:- Guarding of speech against gossip and tattling. Marriage engagements.

gle class. They would keep on study-;~ were to receive a non-religious educa- mg, hundreds at a time, until twelve, tion. It was in many quarters plainly one and two A. M. They would come declared that youths in schools were in f.rom seventl-five miles, eating too young to select a religion and nothmg all the tIme but raw oatmeal should let religion alone till they reach softened in water. When their food maturity. Now, the government was exhausted they would proceed recognizes the need of religion in the homeward, and at every village show formation of the moral character of their books and explain what they had youth and the Christian Church is at learned. This meant fresh streams of perfect liberty to enter in at the open learners converging on the mission door with the other religions."

station. It is related that, on one occasion, Mrs. Pollard shut her hus- Christian Endeavor in Japan and Korea band in his bedroom for a nap. When THE Japan Union of Christian she opened the door to· see if he had Endeavor has just held its 21st "fallen off" she was astonished to find annual gathering. It is thus of age three Mios sitting beside the bed wait- and is making a new effort to fit itself ing for him to awake, that they might into the special needs of the far East.

be the first to get the coveted teaching. Among the delegates was a Korean, -Herald and Presbyter. named Ko, who gave a very encourag- JAP AN-KOREA ing report of the Society'S work in that country begun during the past A Y. M. C. A. for Tokyo year.

TWO Chinese from the distant west One day he was set upon by 30 province of Yunnan, converted of his fel!ow countrymen, most of while studying in Tokyo, have on their them Christians, with whom he was return organized a Y. M. C. A., to dining in a Japanese restaurant. They which two secretaries have been dis- charged him with being disloyal to patched by the general committee. Korea, and the affair might have ended Miss Jessie Ding, a Chinese Christian seriously, had not a Japanese policeworker, has been shepherding the man come to the rescue. In order to Chinese women students in Tokyo. avoid further danger Ko left Tokyo A general secretary has been secured before the close of the convention. for the work among the 10,000 Japa- In some of the other cities where he nese students-Prof. M. Kurihara, a tarried he was threatened with further graduate of the Imperial University ill treatment, but no harm came to him. and for seven years a teacher. For the permanent conference site land has Christian Endeavor feels that it has been bought under the shadow of Mt. a mediating and healing work to do Fuji. One young Japanese graduate for the two peoples in this time of mutual distrust and distress.

has contributed 1,500 yen and John Batchelor, Apostle to the Ainu another, a member of the national committee, 500 yen (out of straitened THE Ainu people, the aborigines of Japan, live chiefly in the Hokpocket) toward the purchase money; kaido, the North Island of the Empire. 1,200 Japanese students are in Bible A few are found in the chain of circles, studying such courses as Pro- Islands to the N. E. of the Hokkaido, fessor Kashiwai's "John and the also not a few in Sagalein. The Ro- Teaching of Jesus," and Professor man Catholics have done some work Abe's "Romans." among them, but the apostle to the School. No Longer Non-Religious Ainu people is John Batchelor. A HE Rev. G. M. Rowland writes debilitating fever compelled Mr. T from Sapporo, Japan: "Hitherto Batchelor to leave China, his original in government schools no religious field, about 30 years ago and he sought teaching has been allowed. The youth and found health and work in the

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Hokkaido, where he acquired both the to become the evangelizers of the Japanese and Ainu languages. The Orient. Ainu people have no written language, and English letters serve them better The following incident will show than the Japanese syllabary since how readily the Koreans receive the many Ainu words end in a consonant gospel. The missionary and his native while all Japanese words end in a helper were belated one night among vowel or "n." Mr. Batchelor prepared the islands, and put ashore for the a grammar of the Ainu language and night. They preached to a chance compiled an Ainu – Japanese – English crowd that gathered to them at the dictionary. He also translated the landing, evening and morning, left New Testament, some books of the tracts, and a manual showing how to Old Testament, parts of the Prayer conduct services. In a year the mis- Book and a small hymn book. He sionary returned and found a congrelived among the Ainu people, obtained gation of ISO gathered. There is now their respect and affection, and is at that place, three years after, a better known among them than any church of 125 members, and a congreperson out of their own nation. For gation of 300; 48 were baptized at 17 years he labored but baptized none. one time. This is not an unusual inci- Then the time came when he began to dent. receive them into the church, and now over 1,000 have been baptized by Japanese in Korea him. No other Protestant Church has regular work among these people tho SINCE Korea became a part of Mrs. Pierson and myself have done Japan, the Japanese are flocking a little among them. The results of thither in great numbers. It is estiour meager efforts we gladly turned mated that there are now 250,000 in over to the Church Missionary Society the country, and they are entering which Archdeacon Batchelor has in rapidly. It is generally agreed here charge.*-Geo. P. Pierson. that the material results of Japanese dominion, and even the distinctively The Outlook in Korea educational, will be good; but that the spiritual results will be bad. Of W HILE the result sought for a course, Christian workers can do few years ago in the cry, "A nothing in regard to the political million converts this year," has not supremacy of Japan, but they are dobeen reached, remarkable results have ing what they can to bring the been attained. It is now estimated Japanese in Korea to Christ, so that that there are 125,000 baptized mem- their personal influence will not be bers, and as many more probationers detrimental. Several churches have and adherents. The excitement of the been organized among them in the great revival has died away, the chaff larger cities, and they seem to be more has been blown from the wheat, and readily reached than their brethren at the work is now on a solid basis. The home, being separated from their Koreans are still reaching out their friends and relatives. hands for the gospel, and there are more open fields than the present mis- The great importance of this work sionary force, large as it is relatively, in Korea will be recognized when it is can enter. The Koreans are naturally pointed out that these Japanese are the spiritual-minded. They readily take most important personages in the up the work of the teacher and the cities in which they are located, being evangelist, and it has been suggested political, financial and industrial that in the providence of God they are leaders, and should have the en- couragement of religious leaders. * In THE l1ISSIONARY REVIEW for February there was an erroueous statement, as Mr. Pierson writes Korea's Work of Foreign Missions that he has baptized only ten or twelve Ainu. and these were people to whom Dr. Batchelor had not T HE Korean Presbyterian Church access at the time. asks that a distinct territory in China may be set aside for it as its

"foreign mission" field of to-day. It The opponents of the change argued should stir the hearts of all Christians that the alternate definition is not a to realize that Korea, a land lately comprehensive but an arbitrary one; heathen, then grievously troubled by it expresses no principle and therefore political tribulations and persecutions is not adapted to the exigencies of of Christians, should reach alit in its any and every period. It is merely poverty, to help other nations. The a mechanical list of Churches which Board 6f Foreign Missions, which the are now evangelical but may not re- Korean General Assembly organized main so. The vote by which the last year, has requested the native "Portland Basis" was maintained inchurches to raise $r ,000 toward mis- tact was 521 to 392, which may be sionary work in China. 'vVork is regarded as a signal victory for orthoalready being carried on by Korean doxy.

Christians among the Japanese in Korea. Perhaps, in the Providence of "The Ideal Student" at Princeton God, the weaker nation, made tribu- THE statue placed upon the campus tary to Japan, may be the means of of Princeton University to comintroducing the Gospel tidings among memorate the organization there of that people, where other nations have the Intercollegiate Young Men's been partially successful. Christian Association stands upon a NORTH AMERICA granite base which bears two impres- sive inscriptions, one historical, the The Membership Basis of the Y. M. C. A. other expressing the ideal for which HE most important matter brought the memorial stands. The first reads: T before the Thirty-Eighth Inter- "1876-Near by, in old East Col- national Convention of the Y. M. C. A. lege, some words of William E.

of North America, held in Cincinnati Dodge, Junior, led a little group of in May, was the report of the com- students to form the Intercollegiate mission, appointed by a previous con- Young Men's Christian Association, vention, for the purpose of considering from which the Student Volunteer ,the question of the desirability of Movement and the World's Student rephrasing the deftnitio'l of the word Christian Federation have grown."

"evangelical" as contained in what is The inscription on the opposite face known as the "Portland Basis," and, was composed by Dr. Henry van Dyke, if it was deemed expedienl, "to recom- and reads; "

mend a substitute, which ~hall ir, no "For a nobler, stronger manhood in way weaken the statement regarding body, soul and spirit; for the better the value and place of the Holy Scrip- service of mankind and the coming of tures alld the Deity of Jesus Christ, God's kingdom, the Christian students our Lord and Savior." of the world are united in brother- The Commission recommended to hood in the nam"e of Christ."

the Cincinnati Convention that no The sculptor, Mr. French, intends attempt be made at this time to re- his heroic figure to stand for all the phrase the definition of the word qualities combined in a student ful- "evangelical," but that "for such Asso- filling the highest Christian ideal.

ciations as may desire an alternate These Dr. John R. Mott, at the dedica- definition of the word 'evangelical,' tion of the statue, defined as especially this Convention authorizes the use of including manliness, reality, vision the following : 'We hold those and purpose.

Churches to be evangelical in the United States, which are affiliated in World Student Christian Movement to "The Federal Council of Churches of Date Christ in America," or have been in- HE current report of the World vited to affiliate, and those in Canada T Student Christian Movement fur- which correspond to them in name, or nishes inspiring reading. When the history or both,' " Federation was formed in 1895 there

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were 599 local organizations with miIlionaires. It is stated· on . good 33,275 members. These have grown authority that there are perhaps 3,000 in number to 2,320 with 156,063 mem- Presbyterian millionaires in the Pres- bers. In the United States there are byterian Church, U. S. A. No one now 20 student secretaries of the In- has attempted to state how many mil- ternational Committee, 21 belonging lionaires are to be found in the to state' committees and 138 local membership of the other denomina- secretaries giving their whole time to tions, but it would be safe to ~ay that this work. Successful evangelistic the number is greater now than ever meetings have been held in the State before in the history of the Church.

Universities of Michigan, Wisconsin, The recent enormous increase of Iowa, Pennsylvannia, Oregon and riches among Christian people lays a Washington. The Federation was at tremendous responsibility upon those the start organized only in North to whom God has committed the trust America, Great Britain, Germany, of large sums of money. If these vast Scandinavia and in mission colleges. riches are consecrated to the work of Now it is well rooted in Holland, Bel- God, many of the difficulties that now gium, France, Italy, Switzerland, confront our Executive Committees Australasia and South Africa as well. will be solved.

Visits made by Messrs. Matt and A Good Plan for Summer Evangeliam Wilder to Amsterdam, Leyden, Utrecht and Delft in 1912 have proved A PLAN for effective evangelistic very fruitful. work during the summer was per- fected by the session of the First Presbyterian Reinforcements Presbyterian Church, of Louisville.

T HE list of new missionaries ap- The pastor, Dr. J. S. Lyons, planned pointed this season by the Presby- to take about a dozen men from his terian Board in New York number church to Whitesburg, in the moun- 94 names. Practically all of these tains of 'Kentucky, during the month were in N ew York il;I June in atten- of August, where they were to conduct oance on the 16th annual conference a house-to-house religion campaign.

for outgoing mlsslOnaries. There The laymen who accompany Dr.

were also present six young men and Lyons wiII go out two by two and women under appointment by the visit every hamlet and every home In Reformed Church in America, who as the community. They will tell the a matter of interdenominational fra- Gospel story to the people and invite ternity were invited to be guests of the them to the preaching service each Presbyterians. A large number of night in the town, and especially to the missionaries about to return from central meetings to be held on Friday, furlough and a few reappointed, in- Saturday and the Sabbath following.

cluding Dr. and Mrs..C. A. R. Janvier, In this way it is hoped that the mes- were likewise present; 42 or the com- sage of the Gospel may be carried to pany were under appointment to the every individual and to every home in various missions of the Board in the county. It is a plan that can be China, 17 were to go to India, IS to put into operation in any county in Persia, and I I had not yet been ap- any State, and will be a most effec- pointed to their fields. An even tive means for any pastor to use to larger proportion than usual are col- enlarge the influence of his church and lege trained men and women. to carry the message of the Gospel to A Christian Millionaires unevange1ized regions. STATEMENT was made re- Atlanta's Campaign Against Vice T cently by one of the representa- HE splendid fight made by the Christian people of Atlanta last tives of a church board of the Northern Presbyterian Church that year against protected vice in that city he had a list of 1,600 Presbyterian has attracted the attention of the

entire country. In June, 1912, the The Proprietor of this well-known Executive Committee of the "Men pharmacy advises his many customers and Religion Forward Movement" and the public in general, that a good began to publish at frequent intervals supply of material medicines, prepared bulletins which gave publicity to facts by chemical processes and pharmacists connected with protected vice and in laboratories of high standing, may were intended to arouse the con- be found in his establishment. These science1 of the people by presenting are for the healing of bodily sickness actual conditions. but are often of uncertain effect.

In September, four months after He has in stock also a large quantity the appearance of the first bulletin, of spiritual medicines of certain rethe chief of police issued the sult and not made by the hands of man order which closed the segregated -as the Holy Scriptures, which are district. The Christian people of the power and wisdom of God for Atlanta made provision for taking the salvation of those who repent of care of those who were unable to sup- their sins and give themselves to Jesus port themselves as a result of the Christ, the only Savior of sinners. campaign. Thus Atlanta found a practical and effective solution of the The material medicines as well as problem that perplexes every city. the spiritual are sold at any hour, at low prices and furnished freely to the In order that other cities may profit poor. by Atlanta's experience, 27 of the bulletins used in the campaign have been Then follow in large type seven published in pamphlet form, and can texts from Scripture.-The Neglected be secured at the actual cost of publi- Continent. cation (ten cents per copy), from Mr. ]. P. Jackson, Executive Secretary, Leprosy in Paraguay Y. M. C. A., Atlanta, Georgia. T HE South American Journal calls SOUTH AMERICA attention to the grave and increas- ing danger from the spread of lep- Ending Putumayo Atrocities rosy in South American countries, especially in Paraguay, since the local T HE court of chancery in London authorities do not seem to take any has ordered the compUlsory wind- steps for the isolation of existing ing up of the Peruvian Amazon Com- cases. It is stated that in one town pany, the British corporation whose of Paraguay a prominent business agents were held responsible for the man, who was horribly disfigured with horrors of the Putumayo rubber "Lepra Tuberosa," was sitting in his forests first revealed by Sir Roger office, receiving callers, and attending Casement, the consul-general at Rio to his business, while a woman, who Janeiro. had been a leper for fifteen years, kept a confectioner's shop and made the A Remarkahle Advertisement cakes, which she sold, with her own hands, until her face became so dis- T RANSLATION of a unique ad- figured that she was forced to give vertisement issued by Nestor up her business. In Asuncion, the Escobar, a crente in Goyaz. Sr. Nes- capital of Paraguay, leprous women tor was converted through the reading sit in the public markets and sell of a Bible purchased from Mr. Glass fruit and cakes. In Belen, with a some nine years ago, and later on was population of 3,000, Dr. ]. W. Lindbaptized as a member of the Presby- say affirms that he knows at least teri2n Church. 20 lepers who are natives of that place, and the man who plays the POPULAR PHARMACY clarionet in the church is afflicted with the disease. He states that he has OF often observed lepers mingling with NESTOR ESCOBAR FOUNDED IN 1905 BOMFIN-ESTADO DE GOYAZ

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

the crowds at the great religious Mennonik Union of the Netherlands, feasts, or moving freely among the the German Neukirchen Mission Insti- passengers on the river steamers be- tute, the Reformed Churches in the tween Asuncion and Concepcion, or Netherlands, the Netherlands Mission- selling milk and other refreshments ary Union, and the American Metho- to the passengers on the railroad dists. The Salvation Army also has trains. He declares, "I am abso- entered Java and is doing much good.

lutely certain that there is not a vil- The total number of native Chtistians lage in the whole of Paraguay where upon Java is estimated at a little less you would not find various lepers." than 28,000 to-day. Truly, Java is While the authorities pay no atten- still destitute of the Gospel.

tion to this danger to the public Methodist Work in Java health in Paraguay and all South America, we have to chronicle with BISHOP ROBINSON writes to the regret that little medical missionary Pittsburgh Christian Advocate: work is done in South America by "It was my fortune to be able to visit Protestant forces. The World Atlas every station, with a single exception, of Christian Missions reports 2 hospi- in which our missionaries are labortals and 2 dispensaries in Chile, I dis- ing in Java. Good progress has been pensary each in Brazil and Dutch made in foundation-laying, and on Guiana, and we know of no leper every hand promising openings preasylum in South America beside that sent themselves. As compared with of the Moravians in Dutch Guiana. work in British India, missionaries in the Dutch Indies labor under restric- MALAYSIA AND OCEANIA tions and disabilities unknown in the A Destitute Field former. Every missionary is obliged to obtain a special official permit to THE islands of the Dutch East carryon his work, and the territory Indies, which consist of Java, within which he shall be at liberty to operate is carefully defined. Often Madura, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, the process of securing the permit is the Molucca islands, the Sunda island5, a tedious one, and rather trying to, a number of smaller islands, and a the patience of enthusiastic mission- part of New Guinea, are said to have aries. There are restrictions, also, in a population of 38,000,000, of whom regard to open-air work, which ham- more than 22,000,000 are Moham- per the missionary in certain lines of medans. The comparatively small activity, and prevent the use of meth- island of Java contains 30,000,000 of ods of reach~ng the people which inhabitants, who belong to the Malay have been found helpful elsewhere. race. Nominally they have been It must be said, however, that as a Mohammedans since the 15th century, rule the Dutch officials show us, as but spirit-worship, interwoven with a mission, much consideration and fragments of Buddhism and Moham- sympathy, and our missionaries are medanism, is really the dominant faith grateful for many kind courtesies re- of these peaceable, sober, and indus- ceived at their hands. The officials trious people. Among this multitude whom I personally met while in the . of heathen 7 Protestant Missionary island were extremely kind, and it Societies are at work and 66 mission- was abundantly evident that the atti- aries, 9 physicians, and 25 femaIe tude of the authorities is wholly workers are settled upon 36 stations friendly to the mission." and 104 outstations. What a small force, roo missionary agents among 30,000,000, even tho it is assisted Progress in Sumatra F by ra8 native workers and 265 native ROM that once far-away island, William T. vVard writes of his teachers. These societies are the old Netherlands Missionary Society, the work: "I recently baptized the first Java Committee at Amsterdam the Chinese reformer in Sumatra, with 5

others. Later I baptized the first of the former savagery of the natives. Chinese editor in Sumatra, with 13 others. This makes 23 baptisms in oLi his second visit to one particular six months, and brings our churchmembership to 50. We gave our village, he found not a single person Christmas program in the Chinese remaining, the whole of the villagers theater, about 400 Chinese being pres- having been killed by an invading ent. They looked on with great sur- tribe. The zeal shown by converted prize, while the boys and girls sang natives to carry the Gospel to those and recited and performed their parts around them was illustrated by the without an error. Our second pro- case of an old woman who, at the age gram was given in the Malay theater of 70, learned to read, and then went and was an even greater success than to different villages with the teachers the first. Among those who have re- to assist in the work of evangelizacently joined us are afnumber of tion. One of the converts referred to amateur musicians, who are helping by Mr. Paton was a native chief who to make the Sunday services very formerly had killed and eaten 2 attractive. Our Sunday evening white men. The results of the work service at the Malay theater is some- on the different islands are usually times so crowded that people fill the slow, but finally the Gospel wins its verandah and part of the road." triumphs among the people.

The New Hebrides to Date The Lotu in Fiji FOR the past 50 years the mission T HAT the lotu (Christian religion) to evangelize the cannibal natives has not lost its influence in Fiji of the New Hebrides has been asso- is shown by a letter written in the ciated with the name of Dr. John G. Messenger by a correspondent sign- Paton, the heroic missionary who ing himself "Rejoice-at-advancement." spent his long life for the salvation He writes that at a district council of these islanders. So far as Great of chiefs, held in the Tailevu Divi- Britain and Ireland are concerned, sion, the leading chief arranged that the mission is now represented by a prayer meeting should be held each the voluntary organization known as night, at which Fijian ministers, and the John G. Paton Mission Fund. some of the members of the council, The fund is responsible for 5 Euro- vvere to speak. These prayer meetings pean missionaries, 2 European assist- were well attended, and characterized ants, nearly 200 native teachers, and by much fervor. The chiefs and peo- 3 hospitals, 5 missiorf motor-boats, ple also joined in thanks to God that and the general upkeep of the mis- the population had increased in their sion-sta tions. district by 150 during the year.

A goodly number of supporters and NORTH AFRICA AND THE SUDAN friends of the mission' met recently to bid farewell and God-speed to Rev. T Woful Spiritual Needs HE latest religious statistics for Fred. J. Paton, son of Dr. Paton, the Dark Continent give 9,000,000 as adherents to Christianity, 40,000,- who has himself been for some 20 000 Mohammedans, and 8r,000,000. years among South Sea cannibals, pagans. If the entire population were and after a time of furlough is re- divided among the ordained missionturning to the field. aries now at work, each would receive . Mr. Paton said that since England 88,000 persons as a parish.

and France had undertaken joint con- Women's Education in Egypt trol of the islands, women and children were less safe than formerly, T HE Church Missionary Gleaner as the result primarily of the illegal is authority for this encouraging sale of strong drink which is allowed report concerning one line of progress to go on. He gave a striking instance in Egypt under British control:-

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"In 1899 Lord Cromer stated that first stage. The kind of literature no girl had yet presented herself for sent out always awakens an appetite the primary certificate and that no for more. It is life-producing; it Egyptian woman had yet received a arouses investigation; it awakens intel- professional training for the vocation lectual life; it can only satisfy by of teacher. In 191 I Sir Eldon Gorst larger supply. Various missionary reported 43 girl candidates for the societies are already beginning to look primary certificate. In 1912 Lord to the Nile Press for printing and Kitchener states that 'there is prob- publishing on a scale which it is utterly ably nothing more remarkable in the impossible for us to undertake with social history of Egypt during the last the present equipment. dozen years than the growth of public opinion among all classes of Egyptians Moslem Workers Active in the Sudan in favor of the education of their I Na recent letter to the secretary daughters. The girls' schools belong- of the Sudan Interior Mission, Dr. ing to the Ministry of Education are A. P. Stirrett tells of the terrible in- crowded, and to meet the growing de- roads that Mohammedanism is mak- mand sites have been acquired and ing. Writing of a recent journey, he fresh schools are to be constructed, says: "I stayed over Sunday at a one at Alexandria and two in Cairo.' small town at which I had halted In 1900 there were 1,640 girls in two years ago, and was pained .to kutabs inspected by the government; see that Moslem customs have gained in 1910 there were over 22,000. As a stronger hold there. Later, the one .example : Six years ago when a reason for this became evident. The school in Cairo was opened the only next place I stayed at was a .large way to obtain pupils was to command Mohammedan center. After looking the government employees residing in about the city, I interviewed the Brit- the district to send their daughters for ish resident as to the prospects of instruction. To-day the school is starting a mission there. He was packed with 314 girls, in charge of a quite decisive in his answer that he man principal and 6 Egyptian women. did not wish a missionary there, altho The latter teach unveiled before men." he thought that in other parts of his jurisdiction there would be no objec- .0Missionary Value of a Printing-press tion whatever. In fact, he said his R. S. M. ZWEMER, writing in influence on that city was that of Blessed Be Egypt, concerning the making the people more Mohamme- future of the Nile Mission Press, says: dan. He seemed to fear that the ad- "When the acorn of faith was planted, vent of Christianity would complicate the friends of the Nile Mission Press matters in the administration of the expected growth, and the situation law. Now, since smaller towns are which faces us is exactly similar to usually tributary to the larger ones, that of a gardener with a young sap- and since in the latter Mohammedan- ling which has struck root and had a ism is encouraged, one can easily see good start, but which badly needs the effect upon the smaller. Further, transplanting to a place where it will note that the turban, worn almost have permanent room for growth of universally by the Moslem, is a dis- all its branches. The statement made tinguishing mark of his religion. in the last report of. the Press, that Now, when a chief in a semi-pagan already no less than 55 societies and district is crowned king, the official 37 countries, from Morocco to China, ceremony usually consists in giving ordered literature from the Press, is him a turban to put on, altho he may sufficient evidence that we must plan be a pagan. Must not the effect for a much larger development in the of this ceremony, upon the pagan and future. The work of the Press has semi-pagan, be to incline them to only begun; both on lines of ~roduc­ think that British rulers are Mohamtion and distribution we are at the medan? Indeed, I have heard it

given out by a Moslem that if people have promised at least $50 per dared to become Christians they annum in collections. A young lad would at once be disciplined by Brit- who was trained in the institute and ish authority." is in the government service getting WEST AFRICA AND THE KONGO $270 per year, has offered to be the Moslem Activity teacher, altho he will receive only $150. SINCE the advent of Moham- medanism into the territory of Fruits of Nigerian Missions N Sierra Leone, schools of that religionUMBERS ,of Africans from Southern Nigeria are engaged in have been maintained in Moslem centers. A group of native boys mining at various places on the rail- gathered around their Mohammedan way line from the coast to Coomassie instructor is a common sight. A in Ashanti. The Bishop of Accra written language, the classical Arabic (Gold Coast) says of these immi- is taught, and the Koran is the text- grants; "The Yorubas are always book. Mohammedan education among notable for being earnest Christians, the natives of Sierra Leone may be and do great credit to the missionaries divided into two distinct parts. The of the C.S.M. in Southern Nigeria, first part pays attention to the pro- whence they come. We get Bibles, mmciation and writing of the Arabic prayer-books, and other literature for language as it is found in the Koran. them from Lagos, in their native lan- No effort is made to explain the mean- guage, and they purchase in large ing of the text. The greatest value is quantities. They often establish their ascrieed to mere pronunciation. Hence own church communities and build a Mohammedan education lays stre~s church without any assistance from upon forms rather than meanings. outside."

.I The second course in Mohammedan Waiting for a Teacher education comprises instruction in N West Africa a town on the delta fetichism and witchcraft. It has been of the Niger was visited for the the custom that a student must finish first time in 1909; and early last year, the first course and be redeemed with the price of a slave before the second in response to repeated invitations, course can be taken up. The second course prepares the student for the Rev. J. D. Aitken, of the Church Mis- sionary Society, went thither. The making and selling of charms an.d whole town turned out to meet him, and he was taken to see a spot where greegrees of various kinds. they propose to build a school. He In the Calabar Country observed in their houses pieces of T HE reports from the Free Church wood, bored with seven holes, and a of Scotland mission in the Calabar peg inserted in one of them. This was country show that the people are "U:ow their contrivance for keeping the re- eager for the Gospel and all the bless- currence of Sunday in remembrance, ings it brings, and are cheerfully tho in their ignorance they observed it shouldering the responsibilities. that on Saturdays. They wished to be also come with it." At several places taught to pray; and being asked how good buildings for churches and they did pray, they replied that they schools have been erected entirely met each morning and said (so it was from native contributions. The mis- interpreted to Mr. Aitken); "0 God, sion at Ediba illustrates the liberality we beg you, make you look good to- and interest shown at other stations. day; make you no trouble we, or do At Ediba the young people have put we any bad; we beg you, we beg you, up a splendid building, and the chiefs we beg you." How pathetic it is that have given $15 for benches, these Nigerian people for two years and promised $roo per annum should have been keeping the Sabbath for a teacher, and the young people and offering their prayers to God

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

while waiting and longing for a Chris- can not be the slave of another. But tian teacher! when various Christian governments stopt the nefarious traffic, and the A New Kongo Language Difficulty bodies of the blacks could no longer be exploited, the enterprising Moslems REV. J. L. COPPEDGE writes of at once went to work on their souls it serious problem which is con- with an energy which Christian mis- fronting the Southern Presbyterian sionaries would do well to emulate, if mission in the Kongo. The territory they do not deem it wise to fol1ow all of the Kongo Free State has now their methods in detail. In German passed into the hands of Belgium and East Africa the government, insistent for years French has been the official as they are at home on confessional language. In most African colonies education in the public schools and the .the official language must be taught maintenance of a subsidized state in all schools, or they are closed by church, preserves an attitude of abso- the government. The Romanists are lute religious neutrality. All beliefs everywhere gaining the support of are on an absolute equality; the chil- the government by teaching French dren in the public schools hear nothing thoroughly and efficiently to their na- of the Bible, much less of Christian tive converts. doctrine; and missionary enterprises, altho not discouraged, are left entirely In order to do this also, we should without assistance of any kind. have a native Frenchman or Belgian to conduct classes for our missionaries, A Toro Princess Testimony evangelists and native teachers. MALIZA, a native of Toro (the I have been told a number of times western province of the present by influential chiefs whose children at- Uganda Protectorate), had been taken tended Roman Catholic schools, that <;aptive by Mohammedan slave-raiders if our schools only gave a course in and sold as a slave in Busoga. When French. the children would be sent to the British Government took over ef- us. If 'we do not grasp this opportuni- fective control of that country, Maliza ty to enlarge the usefulness of our mis- regained her freedom and made her sion, we must be prepared to see all way back to her own land, a journey of our schools closed by law. of at least three weeks. She passed through Mengo; and as she was suffer- Fortunately a consecrated Belgian ing from an affection of the eyes, was· advised to visit the E11yumba Yedaga/a Protestant has been offered to us as a (House of Medicine-C. S. M.) teacher. To secure his services, his where, she was told, friendly Bazu11gu traveling expenses and salary must be (white people) looked after the sick. guaranteed. This she did, got quite well, and went on her journey. When she arrived in UGANDA AND EAST AFRICA Toro, it was found that Maliza was a princess of the royal house, and she Islam Making Rapid Gains had her former residence and honors restored to her. She speedily sought GERMAN East Africa is the lead- ont the missionary there, and told him ing German colony, a state with of the medical help she had received twice the area of Texas, with about at Mengo. "Now," she added, "I the population of Pennsylvania. It is want to learn about a religion which literally true that this Christian state teaches its followers to be as kind as is being Mohammedanized more rapid- that." The missionary readily re- ly than it is being Christianized. The sponded, and in the course of time, chief reason for the vast increase in after due instruction, she was bap- proselytizing zeal among the Moham- tized. medans in Africa is a very curious one. When the Arabs were still per- mitted to enslave the natives, there was never any thought of winning them to Mohammedanism, for "the Faithful" are all brethren, and one

King Daudi, of Uganda, in England The Delights of Travel T HE young King of Uganda will A MISSIONARY writes home: be followed with interest during "I suppose that since the behis visit to England. He is a son of ginning of the year I have trav- Mwanga, the king of Uganda who eled between 300 and 400 miles bemurdered Bishop Hannington in 1885, hind oxen that journey at the furious who persecuted the Church of Christ, rate of two miles a hour. I have who was notorious for his profligacy, slept in native homes, on friendly who cut short his own career by rebel- verandas, in the traveling cart, unling against the British Government der trees, and out in the open. I in 1897, was exiled the same ye,ar to have traveled through mud, over stony roads, through places where the Seychelles Islands, and who, in the there was no road at all. I have been lost in the jungle in the middle quietness of a little island in the Indian of the darkest of nights, and have Ocean, received the light and was bap- been almost hopelessly stuck in the tized. A few years after his death his mud when the darkness was so dense body was brought to Uganda as to seemingly almost swallow up and buried in the tomb of his father the flickering light of the lanterns Mutesa, and on the cross to be erecled we carried. We have had to pull on his grave these words are to be a broken tonga out of a rice s,",:amp, inscribed in the native language, "At tie it up with ropes, and drag tt off eventide there shall be light." Now three miles to a village to be rl"- his son, an educated Christian boy, is paired. In our night wanderings we visiting England accompanied by his have heard the yelp of the jackal, the cry of the hyena, the roar of the ' f " tutor, ]. S. R. Sturrock, and three tiger. On each trip we were sure of meeting some new experience." chiefs. Daudi has shown his interest in the A Martyr's Memorial in Madagascar Christian Faith by being confirmed at T HE memory of the brave Malahis own request-no pressure what· g-asy Christians, who su.ffp.r~d ever was brought to bear on him-<:.r.d death during the long persecutlOn III also by building a church in his court- the last century, is being kept alive yard, for which he has provided silver in Mada!Sascar by memorial churches, communion vessels, and a large harmo- in which are tablets which tell the nium which is played by a Muganda. story. One such memorial has re- He is a keen footballer and a coming cently been erected near where Rasagolfer, being a member of the Uganda lama, the proto-martyr of Mad~gas­ Golf Club, and playing regularly two car, was speared in 1837. It IS of or three times a week with the govern- interest to note that, many years ment officials and civilians stationed ago, a monument cot;Imem.orating at Kampala. Rasalama was erected III Htghbury Chapel, Bristol; and also that her Of the three chiefs who are accom- figure is g-iven, together with other panying him, two are prominent mem- female saints and martyrs, in one of bers of the church in Uganda, which the windows of the magnificent has now a following of 80,000 baptized chapel erected by the Duke of Westpersons. minster adioin;ng- his palatial resi- dence at Eaton Hall, Cheshire. It SOUTH AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR was felt to be hig-h time, therefore. that in her native' land, there should A Mission in the Gold Mines be something tangible to hand down to coming generations the story of T HE American Board is about to fidelity connected with her name. begin work in Johannisburg, by sending there for the purpose Rey. F. B. Bridgman, who for years has been stationed at Durban in Natal. Johannisburg is in the immediate vicinity of gold mines with an output of $I75,000,000 last year, and a total in 25 years of $1,750,000,000!!! AND MISSION LANDS THE STRUGGLE FOR CHRIS.TJAN TRUTH IN to them. Public opinion has turned in their favor, and the press speaks ITALY. By Giovanni Luzzi, D.D. 12mo, well of them. The cultured classes 338 pp. $1.50, net. The Fleming H. apply to various pastors for evan- Revell Company, New Yark, 1913. gelical servants, knowing their hon- esty and diligence, and the royal Dr. Luzzi holds the chair of sys- family entrusts its own children to tematic theology in the Waldensian the care of Protestant governesses. Theological School, at Florence, and as a scholar, author and preacher, is Dr. Luzzi finds that one of the recognized at home and abroad as a greatest hindrances to Christian misleading figure among the Protestant sion progress in Italy is denominaforces of Italy. The present volume tionalism. Far greater results would contains his mission lectures, dehv- be attained if all the Protestant ered at Princeton Theological Semi- churches combined under some such nary, in 1912-13, augmented by con- general title as the Evangelical siderable new material. He presents Church of Italy. The Italian is acconcisely, but eloquently and with customed to the idea that the trne much picturesque detail, the histo~y church is one. "Certainly, unity in of Christianity in Italy from Its the Church of Rome· is unity of form, . beginning, in Rome, the Prolestant not unity of spirit; but he has never development and progress, the spread been in the habit of inquiring too of the Scriptures in Italy, the relig- deeply; the Church, to be true, must ious revival of 1800, and cognate be one, he thinks, and that is events of importance, up to the move- enough." ment called "Modernism," whIch aims to bring the Roman Catholic By concentrating all energies into Church back to Christ. one undenominational movement, it would be possible to have in every As to present-day conditions of the town one or two churches, tastefully Christian Church in Italy, there are ap- built, and in harmony with the arproximately 600 Protestant churches tistic ecclesiastical buildings which are and missions in Italy, exclusive of the glory and pride of Italy. the centers in which the Salvation Army is at work. There are several THE LAND OF THE PEAKS AND THE PAMPAS. medical missions, educational institutions, soup kitchens, and poor re- By Jesse Page, F.R.G.S. With map and lief agencies, and about IS religious 18 illustrations. 12mo. 359 pp. 3s 6d, papers and reviews carry the Gospel net. The Religious Tract Society, news throughout the peninsula. In London, 1913. round numbers, there are 25,000 communicants of the various Protestant This book calls attention to the religchurches, among which the Walden- ious needs of the people of South sian Church leads over all others America. Tho various evangelical combined. Are the results in pro- agencies are engaged in carrying the portion to the work done and the Gospel to "The Neglected Continent" sacrifices made? That depends, says very little has been done in comparison Dr. Luzzi, on the idea one has of to the missionary enterprises in China, results, and how one estimates them. India, Africa, or Japan. Mr. Page Italian converts, once regarded with tells the fascinating story of the Incas suspicions, even morally infectious, and of the Spanish conquest; he deand boycotted in public offices and scribes with many striking details the factories, are to-day respected and various attempts to spread the Gospel sought after, and all doors are opened through the Continent from the 16th century to the present day. One chapter is devoted to the birth of the Republics and one to the Indians of be often misjudged by Western minds. to-day. The South American peoples The Malays under British and Dutch are shown to be still in spiritual bon- rule are pictured in their true colors dage to an evil past, having inherited by a keen observer who has studied from Spanish and Portuguese rule his subj ects at close range. The priestly tyranny, ignorance, loose sketches lack literary finish and are morality and forms of religion' that not of as great interest and value as are little better than downright idola- we might wish, but they may lead us ty. The author lays much stress on to see that the Malay has not received the value of Bible distribution, for the anything like full and fair considera- Book can go to those whom the mis- tion from Europeans. sionary is unable to reach. A great spiritual revival is needed among the THE CONSTRUCTIVE QUARTERLY. Edited by people themselves to strengthen the Silas McBee. 212 pp. $2.50 a year. Christian workers already in the field, George H. Doran Co., New York. and to open doors of opportunity. All Henry Frowde, London, 1913. South Americans, cultured and ignorant, need to learn as only God can Probably the vast majority of Chrisreveal it to them "that there is a power, tians would be astonished to know the greater than politics, richer in blessing number of points on which Christians than any ritual, more available for the of various sects and creeds are in welfare of the soul than any priest, agreement. So much emphasis has strong to uphold the weak, made per- been placed on the differences that the fect in suffering, ennobling all service unity is forgotten. Silas McBee, memand purifying the very springs of the ber of the Continuation Committee of heart by the grace of a common sal- the World Missionary Conference and vation." former editor of the Churchman, has, in his new quarterly, set himself the THE STEEP ASCENT. Missionary Talks task of emphasizing the points of faith With Young Children. By Emily E. and practise in which Christians of Entwistle. 12mo. 216 pp. $1.00, net. every name-Roman, Greek and Prot- Fleming H. Revell Company, New estant-are in harmony. The result York, 1913. is interesting and broadening, if not always inspiring or convincing. The Here are some well written stories writers and the editorial Board infor young people, dealing with strik- clude Roman Catholics and Greek ing incidents in the life of the Master Catholics as well as all kinds of Proton His way up the steep ascent to estants. While many devout Christians Calvary, and of the Christian soldiers, would be unwilling to fellowship with heroes and martyrs who through the some of the writers in the Construcages have followed in His steps. The tive Quarterly, and are far from author has fine descriptive power and being convinced that they are true folpoetic phrasing, but her style seems lowers of Christ, nevertheless the somewhat better adapted Ito adults study of their positions in a fair and than to juvenile minds~ Readers open-minded way not only can awaken familiar with the scenes and incidents no fear of compromising with presented, will still be imprest by truth but should be exceedingly helpthe charm, distinction and spiritual ful in bringing about a clearer combeauty which invest these studies of prehension of the true positions taken the life of Christ and His missionary by those from whom we may differ on followers. radical points. Christianity thrives on intelligent investigation carried on APA SUKA TUAN. Malay Stories. By in the Spirit of Christ and for the John Angus. 12mo, 181 pp. 3s 6d, net. advancement of His Kingdom. Arthur H. Stockwell, London, 1913. Two numbers of the Constructive These 23 sketches of Malay life and Quarterly have now appeared-with character relate to a peculiar people articles by James Denny, Seth Low, who are little understood and may Robert E Speer and others, These

THE MiSSIONARY

articles are excellent reading for ear- VISIONS. For Missionaries and Others. nest and well instructed Christian Second Series. By H. H. Montgomery, thinkers who are willing and able to D.D. 12mo, 254 pp. Is. 6d. net. S. P. see another viewpoint and to acknowl- G., London, 1913. edge the sincerity of many who may be considered mistaken in many of These "visions" are scenes and anecdotes, many of them drawn from their views. experience and told with fictitious names. The real and the imaginary THE SORROW AND HOPE OF THE EGYPTIAN are combined to give their helpful SUDAN. By Charles R. Watson. Illus- trated. 12mo, 233 pp. $1.00. Board messages.

of Foreign Missions, United Presby- PASTOR HSI: One of China's Christians. terian Church, Philadelphia, 1913. By Geraldine G. Taylor. 12mo, 400 pp. This is the story of the work of 6d., net. Morgan and Scott, London, the American Mission in the Egyptian To publish this remarkable story Sudan, together with an account of of the converted opium smoker at the tragic history of slavery and sixpence is a great boon. It would Mahdism in Upper Egypt. The story be well to scatter it by thousands is of great interest. In an appendix among young people in all our Sun- Dr. Watson has gathered statistics, day-schools and churches.

bibliography, ethmological notes and no OUR MISSIONARY HERITAGE. By the Rev. other valuable information. It is A. Duff Watson, D.D. Booklet. pp.

prepared especially as an up-to-date 6d., net. United Free Chnrch Offices, text book. Edinburgh, 1913.

LOTUS BUDS. By Amy Wilson-Car- An excellent little missionary text michael. Illustrated. 8vo, 340 pp. book on the United Free Church of $2.00, net. George H. Doran Co., New Scotland Missions. The fields are York. taken up in order and the work at each station is briefly described and Miss Amy Wilson-Carmichael is a weighed.

remarkable missionary, and writes AROUND THE WORLD IN STUDIES AND with a woman's heart, a skilled pen STORIES OF PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONS. By and an artist's touch. Her "Letters Charles E. Bradt, William R. King from Japan" were among the most graphic and intelligent pictures of and Herbert W. Reherd. 8vo, 488 pp. life there that have ever been printed. $.150. Missionary Press Co., Wichita, Her "Things as They Are" and Kansas, 1913.

"Overweights of Joy" have made the The Presbyterian "investigating author famous. "Lotus Buds," which committee" here present their illus- is now published in a popular edition, trated report in a volume of 488 is, like its predecessors, an unusual pages. It describes visits to Syria, book. Miss Wilson-Carmichael is India, Siam, and Laos, the Philip- particularly imprest by the needs of pines, China, Korea, and Japan. The the children of India. Her descrip- evangelistic, medical and educational tions of them, and her photographs, problems and progress in various seem to throb with life. The horrors fields are presented in a way that of child-marriage, child-widowhood, will give new insight to many into and temple slavery are pictured faith- the conditions and opportunities pre- fully and with pathos and a woman's sented in Presbyterian mission fields.

delicacy. The work of rescue stirs THE GHOSTS OF BIGOTRY. By Rev. P. C. the heart of the reader who so lives Yorke, D.D. 8vo. Text Book Pub.

in the true stories that every victory Co., San Francisco, 1913.

brings a throb of joy. The book is This is an attempt to discredit the fascinating in its interest; it awakens attacks on the Roman Catholic love for the little brown babies and Church in America and England.

makes an unusual appeal for the Only those who know the facts can rescue of the children in India. Read judge of the truth or falsity of the it. .author's contentions.

CHILDREN OF BORNEO. By Edwin H. ~MISSlONARY EXPLORERS AMONG AMERICAN Go~es, ~.A. 12mo, 98 pp. ~ illus- INDIANS. By Mary G. Humphreys.

tratlOns m color. 60c. Flemmg H.I…. 12mo. $1.50, net. Charles Scribner's Revell Co., New York, 1913. ~. Sons, New York, 1913. As missionary and teacher, Mr.~J 'THE ~EW AJ.IERICA. A Study in Immi- G. omes spent 17 y" ears in Borneo and, gLreamtlOuenl. CBalyl BMaarrnyes.Cla1r2kmBo.arn1e6s0 apnpd. gamed a thorough knowledge of the 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., :lea Dyacks and people of the Borean 1913. jungles. His little volume for chil- THE IMMIGRANT, AN. ASSET A~D A LIA- dren is packed with curious informa- BILITY. By Fredenc J. Haskm. llIus- . d' b .k d trated. 8vo. 251 pp. $1.25, net. tlOn conveye mans an enter- Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913.

taining style. The young people of AMERICA, GOD'S MELTING POT. By Laura Borneo are not allowed to remain G. Craig. Paper, 96 pp. 25c. Fleming ~h'Ild ren very Io~g owm. g to est.ab- COHMR. ARDEeSveFlRl OCMo.O, T1H9E1R3. LANDS. By Leila hshed cnstom, whIch forces them mto A. Dimcock. Paper, 74 pp. 25 cents, marriage and family cares at an age net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913.

when they should be at school. CANADA'S GREATEST NEED. By Edgar Mr. Gomes describes the beneficent Rogers, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo. 365 reI. gns f the B rookes, an d f th e pp. 2s, net. S. P. G., London, 1913.

0 0 PAMPHLETS AND PAPER BOUND BOOKS coming of the missionaries in 1855, who built houses, churches and schools and won the love and esteem SOME FACTS AND MORE FACTS ABOUT of the Dyaks by living with them in PASTOR RUSSELL. By J. J. Ross. lOc. the jungle. e. e. Cook, New York. THE MOR'rIMERS. A Story. By J. A. S. ALL ABOUT ONE RUSSELL. By e. e. Cook. Batty. 12mo, 138 pp. Illustrated. So- ciety for the Propagation of the Gos- 10 cents. e. e. Cook, New York, 1913. pel in Foreign Parts, London, 1913. YEAR BOOK AND REPORT OF THE BAPTIST A story for young people, describ- CHURCH AND MISSION, AND THE CHRISing the adventures of three children TIAN ARMY OF THE GOLD COAST. Geo. who went to live in a castle in Surrey, England, and became acquainted Tucker, London, 1913. with a wandering Chinese boy, a fas- RIGHTLY DIVIDING THE WORD OF TRUTH. cinating "magician." The aim of the little book is to interest young people By e. I. Scofield. Bible House of in missionary work, especially in Los Angeles, Cal. China, and in the course of the story ADDRESS.ES ON PROPHECY. By e. I. Scothe author conveys a great deal of information concerning religious and field, D.D. Bible House of Los Ansocial conditions in that country in a geles, Cal.

A MILLION FOR MISSIONS. Presbyterian Church in the United States, Nash- ville, Tenn.

AROUND THE WORLD ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. By Henry K. Rowe. A. B. e. F. M., Boston.

SIMPLE GUIDE TO THE SPELLING AND TRANS- LITERATION OF ARABIC NAMES. By W.

manner to impress and interest boys H. T. Gardner and A. T. Upson. Nile and girls. Mission Press, Cairo.

Religious instruction and enter- REPORT OF THE NEW YORK SABBATH COMtainment are skilfully combined. MITTEE. Bible House, New York, 1913.

NEW BOOKS COOPERATION BETWEEN MISSIONARIES AND THE 1. R. M.. Edinburgh, 1913.

DESTRUCTIVE CRITICISM VS. CHRISTIANITY.

HAND BOOK OF MODERN JAPAN. E. W. By A. e. Dixon, D.D. Bible Institute, Clement. New revised edition. Map Chicago, 1913. and illustrations. 436 pp. 12mo. $1.40, THE DEVIL'S RIGHTEOUSNESS. By 1. M. net. A. e. McClurg & Co, 1913. Haldeman, D.D. lOc. e. C. Cook, SURVEY OF THE MISSIONARY OCCUPATION New York. BUREAU OF SOCIAL SERVICE. The Board of OF CHINA. Thos. Cochrane, M.B., e.M. 12mo. 372 pp. $1.00, net. Christian Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of Amer- Literature Society for China, Shang- ica. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. hai, 1913. GETTING AT THE HEART OF THE DOWNTOWN THE ACTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. By Ar- PROBLEM. A concrete illustration of thur T. Pierson. Reprinted in popu- what the church is doing. Board of lar edition. 16mo. 142 pp. Is, net. Morgan & Scott, London, 1913. Home Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1912

MISSIONARY SCENES IN THE CHINESE

1. A Peasant's Home in West China. 7. Demons Guarding a Tem ple Gate. 2. A Buddhist Tomb in Tibet. 8. A Mission School for Girls, Shanghai. 3. Leper Mission Hospital , Kucheng. 9. Coming Men o f China.

4. A Chinese Christian Bible Woman. 10. Four Generations of Chinese Chri stians. 5. Buddhis t P ilgrims in 'est China. . I I . A Lama Dance in Tibet.

6. P art of a Chinese Christian Congregation. 12. A Mission Hospital in Manchuria. 13. Wheel-barrow Ambulance .Bringing a Patient to -a Mission Hospital.

Missionary

e ~ of the World VOL. xxxv. No.2 FEBRUARY, 1912 VOL. XXV. No.2 Old Series New Serie.s Signs of the· Times THE NEW CRISIS IN MISSIONS lies at the foundation of Western prog- ress. They imagine that mere secu- ~T HE Church of Christ is lar and non-Christian education will bending its energies to give the desired power, and these have evangelize the great begun to shape the destinies of the world field, and is Orient. That is the very core of the pouring millions of crisis, that the Orient believes that dollars and hundreds civilization may be achieved without of consecrated mIssIonaries into the Christianization, and that there is no vast heathen lands, but there is not need of breaking with the ancient rereason for self-satisfaction or self- ligions of the fathers. In Japan esconfidence. Among these millions of pecially an undeniable reaction toward non-Christian peoples events are tak- the old national religion has set in, ing place which constitute a veritable and anarchy, socialism, and Christiancrisis. While it is true that the whole ity are apparently identified by the world is restless, and America and Japanese statesmen. China has be- Europe, Asia, and Africa are affected gun to educate her sons, but the by the same dangerous symptoms of schools are wholly secular and often internal disease, the Oriental nations, hinder the work of the missionaries. long asleep and for centuries petrified in their traditions of life and thought Thus, the psychological moment and civilization, are reaching at a seems to have come, and an advance bound what it has taken the West ages in missionary work throughout the of bitter experience to achieve. This Orient is urgently needed. sudden awakening has startled them beyond measure, and a veritable CHINA'S FAMINE AND FLOODS frenzy of iconoclasm seems to possess them. A GREAT flood has devastated a But to these Eastern nations West- part of the Chinese Empire, exern civilization means Western power, tending from Ichang, in the province and not Western Christianity, which of Hupeh, to Shanghai, on the coast, some 700 miles. The banks of the • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to these pages.-EDITORS.

Yang-tse- Kiang were obliterated, ex- intelligent, forceful leaders. This cept in the highlands and around the lack is not so noticeable in the present walled cities and towns. The loss of revolution. In the preparation for life can only be estimated, but it is the revolt and in its management, believed that thousands of persons there has been evident clear foresight, have been drowned. At Wuhu the wise planning, fearless determination, water rose higher than at any time of and generally high ideals. There have which there are records, so that 250 been unwise steps and evidences of miles from the sea the water was vindictiveness on the part of some, forty-five miles wide. Millions of but these have not characterized the acres of land, hundreds of square movement as a whole. In God and miles of rice and grain fields, were His plans for China, is the only hope su.bmerged, and hundreds of thou- for true progress and stability, but in sands of villagers were driven from the character of the new leaders there their homes. is great reason for hope that the new China will fulfil some of the ideals of In Hunan the Yuen River has again a great nation. overflowed its banks in the prefecture of Changteh, and the distress there is With the advent of the new year, also great. In North Anhwei and 1912, the revolutionists at Nanking North Kiangsu famine conditions also proclaimed a Republic of China, and prevail; this being the third famine the delegates from the revolting provwithin five years in these two prov- inces elected Dr. Sun Yat Sen as inces. "President of the Provisional Govern- ment of the United Provinces of As in former calamities and fam- China." General Li Yuan Hung was ines, the people have left the devas- elected Vice-President, and Vu Ting tated and famine-stricken districts, Fang Attorney-General. The old Chiand are crowding the roads leading to nese calendar was discarded and the cities clamoring for food. Mis- the Christian method of reckoning sionaries are besieged with appeals to was adopted, with January 1st as the take in more orphan children, whose beginning of the new Chinese year parents have been victims of the latest and of the new Chinese Republic. floods. China is trying to make pro- Yuan-Shi-Kai, the Imperial Prime vision from her own resources for the Minister, refuses to acknowledge the sufferers, but rebellion and war are validity of the action, and insists on a eating up all her available money. national convention to decide on the Native Christians are unable to main- question whether China shall be govtain their church work in the face of erned by a constitutional monarchy or these.disasters. Therefore aid is urg- by a republic. ently needed from American Christians, whose special prayers are also There is grave doubt as to whether asked by all foreign boards. China is yet ready for a republican government. The people as a whole THE NEW RULERS OF CHINA are not adequately educated, nor is the country sufficiently unified. There CHINA'S great lack, since the days is great reason to fear that, tho the of the reform movements stated Chinese are more stable than Latin fifteen years ago, has been adequate,

SIG~S OF THE

peoples, there will be continued unrest T TRIPOLI AND THE SANUSI and uprisings under anything but a HE attempted annexation of Tripvery strong central government. Fail- oli by the Italian Government ure in the republic will bring about brings for the first time a European reaction and retrogression. China is Power into direct conflict with the moving: let her not move too fast and Sanusi Order, the great organization seek to accomplish in a day what re- which has done so much to consoliquires a century. Let the goal be ideal, date and extend Islam in recent years, but let the progress toward it be step and which is at the back of the Panby step, and with adequate prepara- Islamic M"ovement. The order was tion. founded in r834, but its importance dates from the time when its founder It is too early to predict the out- withdrew into the Libyan desert and come; for the question of the future gathered his followers round him in government and the future leaders is the oasis of J aghbub, on the eastern not yet settled. There is, however, confines of Tripolitania. From these great ground for optimism in the char- headquarters he sent his emissaries acter of the leaders of the progressive throughout the Moslem world, and forces. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the newly with such success that all the great elected President, is a man of fine dervish orders are now affiliated with character and marked ability. He re- the Sanusi and accept the leadership ceived his early education in a mission of its head, the Sheik-ul-Mahdi. school in Hongkong, and is a baptized Christian who believes in following The aim of the Sanusi order is the the teachings of Jesus Christ. General regeneration and extension of Islam, Li Yuan Hung, the Vice-President, is and the restoration of its uncomproa very earnest evangelical Christian mising and warlike spirit. Its organwho is not afraid to let his light shine ization is quasi-military, and its membefore men. Wu Ting Fang was bap- bers excel in a fanatical hatred of tized as a Christian when he attended Christian domination in any form. a mission school, but has since become They are responsible for the rapid an Ethical Culturist. Liang Chi Cho, spread of Islam in Africa. Tripoli another leader of the revolutionists, is has long been a stronghold of the also a product of missionary teaching Sanusi, and in the east of the provand an earnest Christian. He is one ince, at least, the Sheik-ul-Mahdi exof the ablest writers in China, and ercises an authority far more real became an object of enmity to many than that of the Sultan. It is his op- Chinese because of the strong pro- poo;ition which the Italians have to christian character of his writings. dread. But the Sheik-ul-Mahdi is no hot-headed and reckless fanatic. Once The Influence of Christianity in before, when the Mahdi, of the Sudan, China is sure to be felt increasingly sought his cooperation, he showed as the days go on, but whether this this. Furthermore, he and his followwill be by sudden revolution or by ers hate the Turks just as they hate the slow development it is impossible to Christians. On the other side, howpredict. The future is in God's hands. ever, the annexation of Tripoli is an Let Christians stand ready to see and attack on the Sannsi themselves. It cooperate in His plans.

cuts them practically off from the sea. zations as a means of differentiating Should the Sheik declare war the po- politically between Moslems and non- sition will be serious, for he has a :'IIoslems. It has shown strong de- trained fighting force of 25,000, and termination to weld together the va- in the millions of dervishes he has a rious races in spite of religious differ- reserve of fighting men of a class ences and to make them practically whose reckless bravery is well known. one in the political life of the country.

Jaghbub is a strong fortress, and well In this it has met enormous difficul- supplied with modern weapons and ties, and mistakes were made and oc- ammunition. But the real danger is casionally lack of tact and fairness of that of a religious war, causing the spirit were apparent. In the city of whole Moslem world to arise, and Constantinople itself, where the popu- starting outbreaks of fanaticism every- lation has rapidly increased, and the where, which would be disastrous to narrow, crooked streets and the fa- Christian missions among Mohamme- mous "Bridge," the great central ar- dans. tery of the city's life, created vast REAL PROGRESS IN TURKEY difficulties for the enormously in- creased traffic, work on the new bridge T HE evolution in Turkey comprized has begun, and the streets are being in its scope far more than the pure- improved by the lowering of heavy ly political development. Important grades, the construction of sidewalks, changes commercially have taken the tearing down of projecting old place. Schemes for substantial ad- buildings. The dogs, so well known vance in education have been under to every visitor of the Turkish capital, consideration, tho comparatively little have gone (but no other means of for the quickening of the nation's in- dealing- with the g-arbage have yet tellectual life has been done. Educa- been provided!), the streets are bettional hunger and thirst, instead of ter lig-hted, and even automobiles rush being supprest, have been stimulated, about the streets. The freedom of the and it is tacitly acknowledged that press has been respected by the Young there can be no hope of a strong, pro- Turks to a large extent, so that litergressive, and influential Turkey with- ature of all sorts and in various lan- out steady educational advance among guages has wonderfully multiplied. its people. Even the local blunders of Books and papers in general come misguided officials, as especially in into the country without censorship. Albania, do not disprove this general The Bible is as freely published as in advance. London, and in New York, and there is no official obstruction whatever to In the sphere of religion, the new its circulation. Truly there is real, government has not been intent on encouraging progress in Turkey. overthrowing the rights and privileges of non-Mohammedan faiths, nor BIBLE SCHOOLS IN THE ORIENT has it interfered in any way with the perfect religious freedom of all classes T HE movement for closer church of the non-Mohammedan population. relations has assurned large pro- But it has regarded with aversion all portions and more definite shape in attempts to use ecclesiastical organi- the foreign field than at home. The

SIGNS OF THE

wise and consecrated leaders of the tional forces will greatly stimulate the missionary forces have seen the neces- study of the Word of God, and quickly sity of massing the forces and pre- multiply trained native preachers and senting an unbroken front to heathen- workers.

ism. Thus churches are practically INDIA AWAKENING united in some foreign lands, which are quite at variance in this country, T HE last official census of India, and rivalries, only too frequent here, which was taken in March, 191 I, are quite out of date among the mis- and whose figures have now been given sionaries. out, has revealed some very surpri- One of the latest developments in zing things. In spite of cholera, and this direction is the establishment of plague, and famine, and wild beasts, Union Bible Training Schools in the the population of India (without Cey- Orient. A visit of Dr. W. W. White, lon, but with Burmah) has increased of the Bible Teachers' Training from 294 millions in IgoI, to 315 mil- School in New York, with two of his lions. Remarkably large is the in- associate teachers, to China and Ko- crease in the Christian population.

rea last summer brought the move- For instance, the Punjab contained ment to a head. At Nanking he was 37,000 Christians in IgOI, but now greeted by a most representative body about 165,000, which represents the of 123 Chinese delegates, the leaders truly remarkable increase of 446 per of the Church in China, and the Union cent. In Nagpur, in Central India, Bible School of Nanking was estab- were 36,000 native Christians in 1881, lished. It starts out most auspicious- 125,000 in IgOl, and I/7,ooo in 1911.

ly, representing all denominations, In Madras Presidency, with 41,000,- and undertaken with the approval and 000 inhabitants, the Christians in- backing of the various missions. Five creased 16 per cent., Mohammedans missionaries are engaged in teaching I I per cent., Hindus 8 per cent. In and training candidates for the min- Travancore, with 3,500,000 inhabit- istry and native helpers. Dr. J. c. ants, the Christians increased 30 per Garritt, of the Presbyterian Mission, cent., the Mohammedans 19 per cent., a well-known missionary leader, and and Hindus 12 per cent., so that now fine Chinese scholar, has been elected 25 per cent. of its inhabitants are president, and the theological students Christians. The increase in the Chris- of the Methodist and Christian mis- tian population of the Bombay Presi- sions have been transferred to the dency has been II6 per cent.; of the Union Bible Schoo!. Central Provinces 169 per cent.; of In Korea a Union Bible School the United Provinces 175 per cent.; has been suggested as a memorial to and of Burmah 43 per cent.

the late editor-in-chief of this REVIEW, These amazing figures do not indi- Dr. Pierson. This is part of a plan cate the spiritual condition, for many for a chain of Bible schools through- a Hindu registered as a Christian, tho out the country. It is believed that he was nothing but a more or less reg- similar institutions will be founded at ular attendant at missionary services, other strategic points in the Far East, but they indicate at least that there is and that the unification of the educa- a marked change in the attitude of the

Hindus toward Christianity, and that tel'. Thus there is danger that a far multitudes are now ready to register stronger type of Moslem will be dethemselves before the census-takers as veloped, so that it will be more diffi- Christians. cult to approach its followers with the Gospel, and there is need of immediate Additional signs of progress and larger Christian effort. moral awakening are visible everywhere. Even polygamy is growing There are four great Dutch misunpopular, not merely because of the sions, with 13 I stations and outstacost of living which has reduced it to tions, and with eighty European missuch an extent that monogamy is get- sionaries upon Java. Their schools ting to be the rule among common contain more than 7,000 pupils, and people, but because of the "awaken- about 17,000 native Christians are reing," due to the work of the mission- ported. These Dutch missions were aries. organized almost one hundred years ag"o. The German N el1kirchen Mis- Certainly there is a wide-spread sionary Society, and a number of movement in India, which may well other societies, including the Salvacall for thanksgiving to God, as it tion Army, have also workers upon seems to indicate that the day is draw- the island, and report about 2,000 naing near when its caste-bound millions tive Christians. Thus Java can not will be emancipated and turn to Christ. be called neglected, but large areas of Poor old sleepy, philosophizing India it are practically untouched by misis pulsing with new life. SlOnanes.

ISLAM IN JAVA A LAYMEN'S CONFERENCE IN AUSTRALIA I SLAM was introduced into Java T HE first general Conference of the only about 400 years ago, but today practically the whole of its thirty Laymen's Missionary Movement miIIions are Moslems, tho their relig- in Australia was held in Melbourne on ion is not of a fanatical or ardent October 2 and 3, 191 I. Sixty deletype. In spite of the present great gates registered, many of them leadnational awakening upon Java (see ing business men of Melbourne, and a MISSIONARY REVIEW, I9II, p. 326), right spirit animated them as for two the hold of Islam is not growing days they discust the plans and methstronger, because the movement finds od of the Laymen's Movement. its ideal in Europe. Yet the number of pilgrims to Mecca has risen from The conference is regarded as a beabout 3,000 in I900, to about 8,000 ginning, and not as an end, by the in I9IO, and every returned pilgrim is leaders, who are now arranging for a center of religious enthusiasm and sectional conferences in various parts propaganda. The Moslem schools, of the country, when groups of towns found in almost every village, are now will join together in gatherings simibeing reorganized and developed un- lar to that in Melbourne, and who are der government direction, tho they re- planning for conferences for city men tain their distinctly religious charac- in small towns away from large ~ities.

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I '(;/.,' .J ••• ··:-t- ••.;.(:·..,r·t-~.·., "":~.:~ !•••••,. ~ •;s, .•:. ••••:~:"••:o:f•'•,(..)~•K-•.:w•,,t,'-.–:(-"-:+.~,•. / … ':) ~ '. — …. : .. '.:+' .++. ' ~:I :.. ' ' .·t-J.''.:'.~~.·-:.''~ ~I ·:. •I.+~ •I • 1- ZI :'J….–.-.-,,.~:'~ • ' . , ' . • ,~'":" JI) ~ ' , . "

.~) ':.~. ~.; .j;: S·: . '!.. .; :,…… • '.,… ;:, _ ., , ' ; . ' . '. .~ •••• :.; : : ',;.i.k, IJ A N o· . 0'-··_··-1:1 : . :.~. )_….. .' • • +'~/ …i ,….."+ .•. ~ ''.., 00 /. • ."r··!. "'….. : . ,~_ .. …:.. "J ./0•. +f-.·Y'•!;-•. .. '..~..6.., • I('~"V " ' + '.,~ :• .', .. ~"'. '-.. -: ….•-• THE WALLED CITIES OF CHINA Those having resident missIOnaries are indicated by a cross. There are 1,558 of these walled cities in the eighteen provinces, and only about 400 of them have resident missionaries. This leaves over 1,100 without any such workers.

CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS BY THE VENERABLE ARCHDEACON MOULE, B.D.

~. T wo thunder-tones are her future unfolding at the very doors. in my ears while I Fifty years ago, when I first went eastward to China, the Taiping re- , . write, which, with an- bellion was raging, having almost reached its climacteric, and then, un- swering echoes and re- der our very eyes and with close con- tact, it passed to its fall. For thirteen . verberations, seem to years that long storm, with the thun- der and lightning of war and the compel the attention sweeping tornado of bloodshed and devastation, passed .over China, and of Christians and students of the poli- twenty million lives were sacrificed in tics of the Kingdom of God, more even than they claim the anxious in- terest of politicians and students of the world's history. The sounds come from China in her near past and in

that struggle. To-day, as I write, an- Straits and the China Sea, to Hong- other rebellion has begun, in some re- kong, and the few ports open for spects, and especially as an anti-dy- trade and residence on the coast-but nastic movement, resembling the Tai- we went by the Cap~ route, the track ping revolt. Battle's voice has spo- of the old East Indiamen. Our tea- ken and the result must be for a while clipper, the Soicnt, 750 tons burden, uncertain, either of speedy success in was a fast sailer, and well found, but all the provinces and the establish- we were 112 days from the Downs to ment of a new dynasty; or of speedy Shanghai, encountering a cyclone and suppression of the revolt and a further the terror of its "central heart of term of trial for the Manchus; or, a peace," and the even greater peril of third possibility, a protracted and dev- long calm near the pirate-infested astating struggle, as with the Tai- Borneo coast. Since those days the pings. Suez Canal has been opened (r870) and the steamer service vastly im- This double picture, these dual proved, and by this route or hy the voices of war and rebellion, calling Canadian Pacific or American lines, back, first of all, old memories, and the journey can be accomplished in a then beckoning forward to imminent month or five weeks; while China can catastrophe or to a righteous peace be reached overland from Englandwith accompanying prosperity, seem so soon as the double railway line is to distract the mind when I set my- completed through Siberia and Manself to review the intervening fifty churia-in twelve instead of the 112 years in the light of the progress and days of fifty years ago. This one expansion of Christian missions in consideration of the near neighbor- China during this half century. I can hood, comparatively speaking, of heanot do better, perhaps, than contrast, then and Mohammedan mission-fields first of all, China then and China now, should supply a fresh stimulus to misas to contact with her neighbors and sionary zeal, as it supplies greater fathe Western world, and as to changes cilities for missionary enterprise. The in her own internal life and constitu- specter of far and inaccessible distion. For one thing, now the long tances, of long silence, if isolation and cords which seem to hold the nations the sorrow of separation, for missionapart through stretches of ocean or ary recruits and for those left behind land, and the former comparative de- in the dear vVestern home, is largely liberation of locomotion, are tightened laid now. With swift travel comes and drawn in and shortened now, by also frequent and regular postal comthe facilities and accelerations of munication. The one mail a month modern travel. from Europe fifty years ago, soon changed to a fortnightly mail, with M~dern Travel tenpence postage by Southampton, and eighteen-pence by Marseilles or Fifty years ago we might indeed Brindisi, is now expanded to three or have gone by a quicker route of seven four mails a week, soon, probably, to or eight weeks to China, availing our- daily mails with penny postage; and selves of the newly inaugurated over- the solemn silence of four months at land route, through Egypt on camelback or by rail, and then through the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the

STATISTICAL TABLES FOR CHINA·

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK (See article by Archdeacon Moule on "China-A Retrospect of Fifty Years," page 87) DATE FOIlEIGN MISSIONAIlIES NATIVE WORKERS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS Physicians SOCIETIES – ——–.——–~—-~ — —j—II–+—f— CHINESE EMPIRE 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 American and Canadian Soeietie. 30 30 312 326 American Ad'l'ent Mission Society ••••••••.•.•…••. 1897 2 1 3 7 13 . lJ74 174 3 8 6 30 520 1,370 6 *800 $100 American BaJ!tist Foreip Mission Society•••.••…. 1836 44 10 565 592 157 3,336 7,820 American BioIe Society •••••••••••••••••••••••.••. 1876 1 4 1 46 21 123 14 17 201 125 479 5,215 13,828 72 2,326 16,255 7 1,487 1,652 American Board of Commiasioners for For. Miss ••.. 1847 31 9 6 14 1,019 1,061 6 516 18,420 70 6 36 31 113 27 212 10,213 39,226 Augustana Synod, Ennge1ical Lutheran Church …•. 1902 1 94 107 17 299 104 1,012 11,000 13,927 .52 "2,730 25,421 1 21 22 1 *3 100 5,430 Bible Mission Society••••••••••••••••••••••.••• ,'" 1904 2 2 53 2,750 1 2 1 6 6 6 2 38 4,320 Board of For. Mias., Methodist Ei!iscopal Church •.. 1847 56 17 21 11 68 73 241 165 105 129 24 228 691 2,339 Board of For. Mi…. Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. 1846 86 27 13 5 96 47 274 42 100 100 267 1,231 30,191 53,312 86 3,193 5,301 274 302 26 658 129 1,936 20,041 -67,939 50 200 3,000 Board of For. Miss.. Reformed Church (Dutch) •••. 1842 7 2 1 5 12 26 13 98 108 4 50 14 139 1,714 3,524 11 650 4,043 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Church in U. S••••. 1899 7 Board of For. Mill. Ref. Presby. Ch. (Covenanter) 1898 3 3 8 6 24 1 5 8 2 5 3 105 200 6 1 105 128 Board of aMnidss.M1 _iMsseiotbnol!df)i'.t EJ!iscopal Church, South". 1848 21 1 3 5 1 16 1 2 1 24 15 *300 Christian Alliance •• ••••.••• ••••••.. 1887 33 9 1 23 25 71 24 19 20 1 8 28 20 89 137 lSI 5 22 27 307 2,190 *8,000 70 70 26 731 1,031 Dom. and For. Miss. SOc.. Protestant E~scopal Ch.. 1835 27 3 13 27 27 116 28 37 38 6 89 11 18 23 299 1,961 6,285 Exec. Com. of For. Miss., Presbyterian Ch. (South) 1867 31 6 3 2 35 19 93 10 9 9 12 46 16 286 1,395 ·5,500 First New Testament Church, LOs Angeles ••••••••• 1901 1 82 82 Foreign Christian Missionary Society •••••••••••.•.. 1886 16 1 2 3 14 14 1 3 671 18 For. Dept., International Committee, Y. M. C. A ••. 1896 6 8 48 23 3 3 8 20 10 92 714 *2,800 58 58 ~t., Board, Y. W. nC.CAh n'I s tU' 6 2 21 23 1 53 26 26 10 ted Brethren i For. Miss. National . S. A . . 1903 2 1 2 3 3 13 13 1 For. Soc., Uni • •.. •• • . 1889 S 1 12 20 20 For. MiSs. Board, Southern Baptist Convention' •.. 1845 38 8 1 2 8 5 377 377 2 129 473 1 40 25 112 14 6 6 17 105 44 511 5,594 22,187 55 2,389 7,030 For Miss. Com., Presbyterian CDurch in Canada ••… 1888 17 6 2 19 8 51 45 45 5 28 2 273 1,346 *5,200 1,638 Friends' For. Miss. Soc., Ohio Yearly Meeting ••.•. 1890 3 1 12 12 2 5 11 12 12 2 5 2 20 177 892 2 289 456 General Miss. Board of the Free Methodist Church. 1904 2 4 5 3 14 5 5 4 1 1 140 1 32 7 2 4.963 5,329 General Miss. Board, Church of the Brethren •••••• 1908 2 1 5 1 1 Hagues Synod China Mission .••••••••••••••••••.•. 1891 5 2 5 5 18 4 39 4 150 567 1,150 Home and For. Miss. Soc. United Evan. Church .•. 1899 6 5 2 14 3 70 5 271 212 1 2 4 30 Missionary Society of the Evangelical Association…. 1904 4 4 8 Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, Canada" 1890 26 11 1 5 1 507 35 13 93 7 57 480 *7 *490 Mission Board, E'I'8n. Luth. Norwegian Brethren ••.• 1895 2 2 6 3 7 1 Scandinavian Alliance Mission (Mongolia) •••••..•.. 1895 4 8 8 50 4 2 Sennth·Day Adventist Mission Board •••••••••••… 1901 7 2 2 6 12 3 3 32 1 4 117 9 214 1,603 Seventh·Day BaJ!tist Missionary Society•••••.••.•.. 1850 1 3 1 Swedish E'I'8ngelical Free Church •••••••.•…'•..••• 1895 8 2 2 66 3 140 450 5 Swedish E'I'anJelical Mission Covenant of America .• 1891 4 1 4 4 19 10 3 4 10 3 138 446 *1,700 Trustees of Canton Christian College ••..•••••••… 1886 12 1 1 United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America ••••• 1905 2 8 9 27 5 30 542 1,432 University Medical School in Canton •••••.•……,.• 1899 2 1 2 1 Woman's Miss. Society, Methodist Church, Canada .. 1893 Woman's Union Missionary Societ)' of America ..••.. 1869 11 13 3 4 4 3 7 7 1 5,881 Yale Foreign Missionary Society 6 ••••••••••••••••• 1902 1 1 1 1,400 802 7,106 85,749 215,523 1,304 51,026 .132.416 r-~–~–~–~—7–~–~' Totals, 41 American and Canadian Societies……… – 517' 130 73 109 587 440 1,812 366 252 1.923 Australasian Society Presbyterian Church of New Zealand…………… 1901 2 3 2 8 15 15 102 252 British Societies BaJltist Missionar, Society'………………….. 1877 37 10 4 27 14 92 267 267 11 328 ·107 451 5,506 *22,024 139 1,484 1,392 Bntish and Fore,gn Bible Socie!Y…………….. 1809 4 9 13 26 '310 310 11 Christian Literature Society for China………….. 1887 1 1 15 15 1 Christian Missions in Many Lands 8.. •••• • •• • •••••• 1885 2 26 24 21 73 '0_ 41 *160 80 6 6 18 1 1 10,714 Church Missionar), Society o. • • • • . . • . • • . . • • . . . . • . •. 1844 66 16 3 24 7S 102 283 37 952 989 53 10_ 7,629 20,518 10_ Church of England Zenana Missionary Society…… 1884 3 45 48 103 103 13 2 2 Church of Scotland Foreigrl Missionary Committee'. 1878 2 12 145 145 2 323 480 2,285 10 402 68 Church of Scotland Women's Assoc. for For. Miss… 1888 7 7 6 6 1 Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church of Ireland 8. 1869 11 10 4 209 213 10 127 *20 927 1,969 11,473 160 6,715 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England… 1847 19 5 5 2 33 8 204 ,·:87 570 6,223 *25,000 10_ 14,209 Friends' F ore/gn Mission Association…………… 1886 9 ti 3 21 22 80 34 340 374 2 1 9 11 4 27 82 82 5 36 5 42 144 2,063 10 603 London Missionarr Society…………………… 1807 43 21 Mission to the Chmese Blind and Illiterate Sighted.. 1886 1 6 3 55 27 155 12 454 466 20 300 10_ 10_ 13,083 23,190 13 13,222 National Bible Society of Scotland…………….. 1863 5 1 1 2 3 3 1 11 ~':i~ i~!etM.u~~gp~fa~~~~:d~~~~·Kil.s: ·C~;';.•:: f~~~ g ~ 5 '317 317 5 1 1 7 7 32 34 34 2 17 761 1,581 13 288 336 7 7 40 9 59 1 10 4 281 285 8 92 22 87 5,744 10,615 32 2,895 4,685 S….. .. …. United Methodist Church Missionary Society…….. 1859 17 6 1 2 22 6 53 12 422 434 10 58 141 2,007 11,253 21,096 "140 2,200 Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society 1852 43 10 2 33 12 90 6 IS3 159 21 87 115 197 4,401 9,629 29 788 3,567 ~~—7—+—7–~—r–~–+—+—-r~-+—+—+—+–~—-~—-'~~—-0—- Totals, 18 British Societies…………………… – 278 89 39 82 319 277 1,065 109 4,099 4,208 207 1,235 514 4,663 51,311 149,694 541 14,046 55,512 Continental Societies AUg. evangelisch·protestantischer Missionsverein….. 1899 3 – – 2 2 8 12 13 1 2 Berliner Frauen·Missionsverein fiir China……….. 1850 1- – – – 4 5 1 1 1 Berliner Missionsgesellschaft •••••••.••••.••••.••.. 1867 22 – – 2 19 5 48 5,528 Danske MissionslIClskab •••••••••••••••••.••…..• 1896 11 2- – 8 5 26 6 279 285 13 198 5,700 109 8 7 Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Basel……… 1846 32 2- 2 24 2 62 1 9 6 6 89 6,484 7 213 220 15 97 104 6,440 Finw Missionssi11skapet •••••.•••••.•.•.••……. 1903 8 1- – 2 7 18 40 40 100 Hildesheimer Ver. fiir die Blindenmission in China.. 1890 – – – – – 44 2 24 3 6 6 1 Kieler China Mission………………………… 1896 2- – 1 2 1 6 14 1 71 Norske Missionsselskab .•••••••…••.•….•……. 1902 9 1 1 2 6 5 24 14 2 3 3 27 95 38 134 Norsk lutherske Kinamissionsforbund…………… 1893 – – – 10 8 5 23 24 24 4 14 65 298 8 10 Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft •••….•………'".. 1847 14 2- 4 17 4 41 78 7 20 20 834 1,299 2 60 1,425 Svenska Baptisternas Mission…………………. – 4- – – 329 79 11 11 2 7 227 Svenska Missionsforbundet ••..•.•.•………•….• 1891 – – – 22 15 13 50 49 49 7 322 Svenska Mongolmissionen ••.••••..••……..•…•• 1898 1- – – 1- 2 7 25 696 1 T-~–~—+—+–~–~—~–~ Totals, 14 Continental Societies……………….. – 107 10 1 43 107 59 326 16 735 751 70 397 926 15,078 26,619 2 60 13,977 China Societies Broadcast Tract Press•••••••.••….•…..••.••.••. 1896 2 .- Canton Medical Missionary Society •………•..•.•. 1838 Central China ReliB!ous Tract Soc,ety …………… . 1876 4 4 5 Chefu Industrial Mission ••.••••••….••.•.••..•••• 1895 1 5 5 150 China Baptist Publication Society •••.••….•..•..•• 1899 3 9 9 2 Christians Mission ……………………….. . 1893 11 11 "Door of Hope" Mission •••••••••••..••..•….•••• 1900 8 8 13 13 General Committee, Y. M. C. A. of China and Korea. 1896 20 7 9,750 20 Gospel Mission ••••••••••••••••••••••.••.••….••. 1892 1 6 3 16 3 Grace Mission •••.•••••••••••••••.•••…•….•… 1902 1 1 1 3 6 7 1 6 22 273 800 200 135 4 International Institute ••••••••••••.•••…•..•.••• 1894 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 John G. Kerr Refulle for Insane •.••.•••….•…•.. 1 North China Tract Society••••••••.•••••.••••.•…. 1 2 1 111 900 Oriental Society_ for Education of Deaf Mutes ….. . 1887 1 1 2 5 5 1 3 14 26 43 45 6 11_ 289 *1,100 South Chih·li Mission …•••.•.••………•…..••. 1896 4 2 7 Y. W. C. A. of C"nina . • • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1899 1 1- 12 -r–~–~–~–~~~~~~—r——~—+—-~'–+-'–+—+—-r—-:—–+—+—-~—– Totals, 16 China Societies……………………. – 15 3- II 18 40 85 4 106 110 21 25 11 22 562 1,1100 6 350 10,8116 International Society China Inland Mission 11•••••••••..•..•..• , • . . . . . •• 1865 18 1 11339 230 311 898 18 1,617 1,6115 205 769 546 2,804 111,0411 76,1116 10_ 338 Union Society –+__–+___–+_ _-_1-_–+_ _–+__-_ Methodist Publishing House " •…………….•… 1_19_0_3+__1+_-_1-_-_!_–1+—1+—….J–3+–…-!!_–~!_—J!_-1_!_—_!___ '1-1 1 Grand Totals, 92 Societies •.••……..•.••..•.•.•• 020 251 11141 58311,26511,0934,1971 513111,595112,108/ 75714,350 2,027 15,521 1177,7141470,184-' 859165,4821213,2511 * Condensed from the World AIllU of Christia,. Missi01lS, Student Volunteer Movement, New York. See also in the Atlas the summaries for Educational, Medical, Industrial, Bible, and Literary Worle. 1 ColJ!orteurs directly supervised by the Bible Society. • Each cI1urch or chl!P~1 has a Bible Sehool on Sunday. 1 Includes data for W'omen's Society. • Includes the work of the Bible Missionary Society. Amalgamated January, 1910. • Does not include work of the Woman's Board. 'Does only educational work. Christian students are members of churches of their own missions. 'Includes the data for the Baptist Zenana Miasion. • Church statistics reported by the Lao·ho-kou station only. • Includes dats of Medical Mission Auxiliary. ,. No data reported. •• • U Preaching at least occasionally in 110 towns. 11 Data includes that for the following associate missions: (1) Scandinavian China Alliance, (2) Swedish Misson in China, (3) Swediah Holiness Union, (<4) Norwegian Mimon 1n China, (5) German China Alliance, (6) Liebenzell Mission (7) Free Church Mission of Finland. ,. While the China Inland Mission has one Church of England bishop and some worker. with Church of England order. and others with the orders of the Presbyterian, Baptist, and other Churches recognized in the home countries, the total figures are given under one head without differentiating. The custom of the C. I. M. is to recognize all workers as proilationers for thwo years) when if apJ!roved they are received as junior missionaries, and at the close of a total of five years' service, if the language testa have been passed and proof of fitness baa been Mown, t ey are l1efinitely _appointed with parchments as senior missionaries with power to take full pastoral charge of mission stations. "Union of Methodist Episcopal Church and Methodist Episcopal Church, South. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all estimates are from the societies.

1 2 ] CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

sea with no word or whisper from sion work in China seemed, for the home as we sailed round the world, is time of its duration, to raise even changed for the telegram which is laid higher and stronger brazen walls than on your table in London some time those which Xavier mourned over as before it seems, by the hour affixt to a barrier to Christianity. The few the form, to have left Shanghai. How missionaries then in China, some of very much may be done by this close whom had been venturing a little way and constant communication to cheer inland for exploration, were all drivand strengthen the missionary army en back by the advance of the civil at the front, if the home churches and war, and were congregated in or near individual friends of missions will Shanghai, waiting for the possible write frequently and fully to their opening of the gates, should the Taifriends and representatives abroad, as pings finally win or be finally overwell as by their looking for news thrown. There were then in China, and information from the often over- besides the missionar-ies of the Roman whelmed workers themselves. Church, scarcely a hundred from all the churches of the Reformation, and The Increase of Missionaries the number of Christians scattered up and down the coast, with no mission, But a more striking contrast meets church or station in the interior, was our eye when we look at the changes about a thousand. Forty-six years in China itself. When we sailed for later, at the time of the Shanghai Con- China in 186I a great comet was bla- ference of all missions, in commemozing in the sky. We saw it through a ration of the centenary of Robert Morrift in storm-clouds off the Cape of rison's arrival in Olina, I saw a re- Good Hope, and it hung ominously markable reproduction of these numover China when we arrived. It bers, one hundred and one thousand, seemed to the Chinese and to the in the Conference hall. That hall world almost as a sign in the heavens was a large room attached to the fine of the calamities which were devasta- buildings of the Chinese Y. M. C. A., ting and almost ruining the land. The managed chiefly by their own Chinese Taiping rebellion was at its height committee with a Canadian resident after ten years of conquest and blood- adviser and head. The funds for this shed and confusion. The rebels still building were chiefly supplied by libheld Nanking, and had threatened eral contributions from friends in Peking itself, and soon after swept America. The hall passed out of the down, menacing Shanghai and cap- hands of the builders and decorators turing Ningpo, till they were expelled just in time for the meeting of the from the last city and gradually Conference. It was a memorial hall driven back; and after two more for the loving remembrance of the deyears of desperate resistance were parted saints, Chinese and western, finally crusht in 1864, leaving China who had lost their lives in the Boxer shattered and shaken after foreign uprising. Notice the wonderful progwar and internal conflict, from which ress of the Church of Christ, that the perhaps even now she has scarcely re- period of martyrdom has come. The covered. Christians are numerous enou~h and The effect of that rebellion on mis-

evident enough to excite the notice must be content with provincial or and animosity of the enemy-ay! district conferences, tho the sigh and and strong enough to face death- the sob for union, which was borne on men, women, and children too-will- the air during the whole conference, ingly and deliberately, waving aside must not be silenced or supprest by the offer of reward and honor and such separate acts of council. This wealth, if they will but revile Christ was perhaps one of the saddest and and trample on His Word-ready to at the same time one of the most face the fire and flood, the sword and gladly significant signs, at this Contorture, and thousands of them actu- ference. It was ascertained that there ally passing through these to their are more than 80 bodies outside the Lord's presence and glad welcome. In Roman communion at work for Christ this hall, on the ground floor, were in China, and 52 were actually represeated a thousand missionaries, and sented at the Conference. Thank these were the chosen delegates and God, we could not but say, first of all, representatives of the four or five that missionary zeal has fired almost thousand working in the land-as every Christian body in Christendom! many Christian workers, that is, But alas! was the answering note, chosen from a large number as there why is it necessary that those who were Christians of all ages and classes profess to believe the one faith once in all China forty-six years before; delivered to the saints, should insist and a hundred delegates and visitors on exaggerating their differences of in the gallery, and on the platform- mere expression, and dissensions as to that is, the full number of the mis- the forms and institutions of the sionary band in all China so long be- Faith, so as to divide themselves fore. into separate organizations, clustered round individual and isolated Chris- These missionaries, from Europe tian truth, instead of carrying their and America and Australasia are favorite and specialized beliefs into outnumbered by at least five to one by the communion of one Church, Primithe great body of Chinese clergy and tive, Apostolic, Scriptural, Catholic, pastors, evangelists and school-teach- Reformed, in which harmonized and ers, working in the land, and repre- not isolated all these individual truths sent a body of Christians nearly 200,- may be found, and so present to the 000 strong in communicants, and world that wonder the convicting and quite half a million of baptized men, persuasive power of which our Lord women, and children. It was felt at Himself prayed for and foretoldthis conference, that so greatly had "That they all may be one, that the God blest and increased His Church world may believe." This aspiration in China, that this must be the was almost continually exprest, but last General Conference ever to be in differing forms and with different held in one place. No building can be constructed large enough to hold suggestions. 'r am not sure that we the numbers who should attend such a general gathering, including (as it are nearer corporate union than we must, of course, do in the future) Chi- were fifty years ago, but Christen- !lese delegates 1l~ well as English. We dom seems more and more alive to the sorrow and shame of our unhappy

I9 I2 ] CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

divisions, as year by year brings us per waters of the Yangtse River, Hannearer to the coming of the Lord and kow being an open port 600 miles the great day of account. from Shanghai. This was a very definite advance, but being a treaty It was noteworthy that the mis- port, it was not so significant an adsionary delegates at the great confer- vance as the tentative and afterward ence which I am describing, came, I permanent extension of the C. M. S. believe, from every province in China; II SCIENCE LADORA TORY AND MUSEUM IN THE Y. M. C. A., CHENGTU certainly to-day missionaries are to be to Hankow, the capital of Chekiang, found living and working in each four days' journey inland, in I864, province of the empire. The con- followed by the American Presbytetrast in this respect is significant in- rian mission to the same great city. deed. With the exception of the Then three years later the mission Jesuit missionaries who had long be- with the specific name of the China fore penetrated in disguise into the Inland arrived, and starting from this interior (tho statistics of Roman same already occupied post, its wonmissions are not easily attainable), derful history of expansion and penethere were no resident Protestant tration commenced, in which most of missionaries or established stations in the other Protestant missions are now the inland districts of China in I86r. taking part. There has been in some The departure of Dr. Griffith John, cases violent and murderous opposiwhich I witnessed in August of that tion, as in the Changsha region in year, for Hankow, under the L. M. S., r893, which was accompanied and fol- lowed by most truculent and virulent was the first penetra.tion into the up-

placards denouncing and condemning difficulties and delays of older travel; to expulsion anct annihilation all for- and while the facilities of travel may eigners and Christians who should possibly unify the differing dialects dare to violate the borders of Hunan. of the Chinese spoken language, they Farther south, also, in the inland re- will greatly help in gaining access to gions of Fukien, at Kucheng, sud- all the land.

den fanatical attacks resulted in the Changes in Methods murder of a whole missio:ury party, well loved not only by their own The passage of the years in this Christian friends, but by the people half century now under review has generally; and the Christian forbear- not, however, in the writer's opinion, ance exhibited and the refusal of re- brought much change in the plans prisals have left there, and in other and agencies of missionary work. The places of martyrdom for Christ's sake, building has grown indeed, and has the result of Christian life and revival been enlarged, but its foundations and growth. But in the great major- have not been altered nor its general ity of instances, our advance and oc- plan deviated from. The cords have cupation, in the peaceful wars of the been lengthened, but the stakes, where Lord, of city or country town, tho any Christian work worthy of the seldom unchallenged, have been ef- name is established, are the same fected by consideration and concilia- stakes, wherever planted. "Other tory action. foundation can no man lay than that There are still great regions in the is laid, that is Jesus Christ." No new Chinese empire, and a very large num- method of any vital importance un- ber of citif's, market-towns, and popu- known fifty years ago is, so far as lous villages unoccupied, and scarcely the writer is aware, now in opera- touched by Christian missions. If tion. There has been great develop- there be, say, at the outside, two mil- ment and advance, but on the old lion five hundred thousand nominal lines; the change most notable, discust Christians of all churches, Roman and below, is (if we mistake not) for the Protestant, in China, that number, tho worse not for the better, retrograde very large, compared with the few not forward. Half a century ago, in thousands fifty or sixty years ago, yet the early dawn of what is called the leaves 397,500,000 outside the fold of modern age of missions in China, the Church, unconverted and largely evangelistic work, as far and as wide unevangeJized. I have not noticed as possible, took the first place. Med- the increased facilities for travel in ical missions were very early pro- China itself, which should encourage jected, and have grown and flourish- and stimulate us in endeavoring, in ed wonderfully. Educational work, the power of the Holy Ghost, to grap- primary and secondary, with western ple with this great problem of reach- learning and languages, was natural ing the unevange1ized, The increase and successful among a people de- of steam navigation on the inland voted to education. One of our waters of China and the rapid growth Anglo-Chinese schools in Shanghai of the railway system in all dIrec- was founded quite sixty years ago, tions, contrast startlingly with the and is flourishing to-day.

CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

Literary work, also, first the prepa- a foreign sect, and as such as of ration and perfecting of translations doubtful use and reliability, but as a of the Bible into wen-li, the book power of supernatural and spiritual language, and into Kwan-hwa and energy, so that now, not in the mere the other dialects of China, and language of the Treaty of Tientsin, then the preparation of books 011 the but in the estimation of many of the evidences of Christianity, and trans- rulers and of multitudes of the peolations of our best theological and ple: it is regarded as a religion which general literature into Chinese, and teaches the love of others as we love treatises and tracts for distribution, ourselves. We hope this process of were followed, soon after the Taiping acceptance and peaceful conquest, but upheaval (which, indeed, in its out- with deeper conviction and fuller burst of a kind of revival of learning knowledge, will be accelerated. But and thirst for the languages and lit- we utter, and that not without cause, eratures of the West, resembled the this warning. If the churches do not recent upheaval in China, culminating awake and "consider their ways," as it seems in the revolution of to- there may be decline and death. If day)-by magazines mingling devo- there be much talk about strategic tional and ethical article~ with science plans and movements, instead of adpages and historical and geographical vance in force, frontal and on the supplements. These magazines were flanks; if there be much discussion of very largely read by Chinese gradu- problems and suggestions to meet ates competing in the examinations merely imaginary new requirements for their second degree which quali- in this new age; if there be dissatisfied for office, because into the exam- faction with the evidences of the ination papers some twenty years ago Faith, which have satisfied deep questions on engineering and mining thinkers of all ages; if a Bible disand chemistry and other branches of sected, and discredited in parts, be science were one by one inserted in offered, instead of "the word of the the place of the old questions on phi- truth of the Gospel" infallible and inlosophy and ethics and government, spired; jf our Lord's testimony to His drawn from their own ancient clas- Word be challenged, and the assumpsics. This undermining process which tions of scholarship be taught instead has led, either for good or for evil, of the old certainties of deeper reto the recent revolution in China's search; if, worst of all, evangelization curriculum of study and examination, and public preaching and from house owes its origin largely to mission lit- to house, be put last and not first in erature and mission schools. All missionary methods-then, it may be, these missionary methods and plans and agencies continue, very widely eGod forbid it!) that the glory of our spread and in efficient force, and the hold which Christianity has acquired work for great China may be even on the empire is a very definite and now departing. manifest one. It is now regarded, and especially since the Boxer upri- Chinese Church Growth sing eleven years ago, not so much as Meanwhile, the native churches- would that we could say rather, the one native Church of China-are de-

vel oping self-support, self-govern- of many, in this same connection. Has ment, and self-extension in many the time nearly arrived when we may places, notably in the Swatow region, safely leave to the Chinese churches, and in Chekiang and Kiangsu; and and to this enlightened, educated, and everywhere these principles are recog- civilized people generally, the freenized as the marks of a living and dom and power (with the Bible, of g-rowing church. course, in their hands) to think for themselves, to decide on their own Ve must not forget that the estab- form of religion, and perchance to inlishment of such a Christian Church vent or discover something better in China, through ever accumulating suited to the Chinese instinct than the individual conversions and households forms and the dogmas and the instituand communities brought to God, has tions which we bring to them? Or, been from the first the goal set before further, instead of this voluntary rethe Western churches. Our chief fear moval of Vestern influence, shall we has been lest a premature sigh of re- be startled soon by a request not from lief (if I may use such an expression) the new government of China alone, be heard in the west, the suggestion but from the Christian Chinese that even now we may leave the fur- churches themselves that we be good ther evangelization of the Chinese na- enough to evacuate the land and the tion to the Chinese Christians them- field, and leave China in this, as in selves. This is surely an error. So other respects, to the Chinese? What long as there are multitudes to be is our duty in the interval, which may evangelized in China, and so long as be a short one? Not, surely, to sound the native Church, sorely prest by the as our farewell message doubt and necessities of self-support and self- criticisms of the Faith; and, with a government, can not, without assist- kind of sympathetic recital of the herance, overtake the vast work of win- esies and schisms through which the ning China for Christ-so long our Church, after long centuries, has won work as evangelists and teachers re- her way back to the faith and discimains, if they will have us in China. pline of the earliest days; to say now, We must be content, however, much "Try your Chinese hand on some more than in days gone by, to act fresh heresies and schisms, or peras colleagues, companions, fellow or chance on some new discoveries of even subordinate helpers, instead of truth." But rather this, "We combeing in the past, almost from neces- mend to yon the deposit we have resity perhaps, leaders, superintendents, ceived, dogmatic, precise, yet deep controllers. And with these altered and broad and exhaustless in grace circumstances we shall find that a and wonder, as God's truth. So we large contingent of native agents, preach, so ye believed, so teach others agents in the same sense that we are when our voices are silent. One agents, paid of course when necessary, Lord, one Spirit divine, one Faith, or voluntarily helping us, will be to one Baptism, one God and Father of the end an absolutely essential ele- all, above all, throngh all, and in you ment in our machinery. all, in China as in all the world."

Two other reflections remain, and two other possibilities, in the opinion

Hope

SCENE AT THE OPENING OF THE LARGEST CHURCH IN FORMOSA ORMOSA under Japan ening of their trousers, a tightening mF is quite a different of their sleeves, some smattering of , place from that under knowledge, a handful of foreign phrases, a taste of science, a touch of the Chinese twenty agnosticism."

years ago. Then it The greater number of the Chinese was much the same as * population (over 3,000,000) inhabit China. "The Chinese in Formosa," the broad, rich fertile plain on the west coast. They live in hamlets ensays a recent writer, "whether in town circled by tall bamboos, whose wel- come shade screens the thatched huts or country, laugh and weep as they from view. Traveling along the rail- way line clumps of bamboo-trees are did a thousand years ago; they have seen here and there all over the plain, and one who did not know the habits the same cares, the same anxieties of the people would be inclined to ask, as a visitor once did, "Yes! Formosa about crops and business, the same is a very beautiful place, but where are the people?" Business and farmplanning to find wives for their sons * In addition to the Chinese there are about and husbands for their daughters, the 771000 Japanese, and an estimated population of about rODiODD savages who inhabit the mountains same dread of demons and offended and the East Coast.

spirits, the same longing for wealth and sons and honor the length of days, the same vague fear of death.

The new thing in Formosa is this, not a little modification in their surround- ings, a slight change in their customs, a shortening of their coats, a length-

ing may be said to be the chief occu- nese gentleman. A new learning and pations. But now conditions have new ambitions are taking the place of opened up new pursuits and employ- the old. In another generation it will ments. "Large numbers find employ- be a rare thing to find a boy wellment and good wages in government versed in Chinese literature. The offices, in the camphor distilleries, in Chinese classics are no longer taught the tea plantations, on the railway, in the schools in the same thorough FOUR JAPANESE AND A CROWD OF MOUNTAIN SAVAGES, FORMOSA and in the huge sugar-crushing mills; way that they used to be. Japanese and away among the hills where enor- is eagerly sought for its commercial mous works are being opened to con- value. Clerks and accountants in trol the rivers so as to generate elec- banks and offices and post-offices are tricity, and then lead the water to now wanted, just as English-speaking irrigate vast tracts of land which at men are wanted on the coast of China. present are desert."* No longer does the old-fashioned Chinese scholar take The coming of Japan has wrought the first rank in the time-honored many changes in the social life of the quartet of employments~scholars, Chinese. Some of them are for good, farmers, workmen, traders. The lit- and some for evil. The rites of properary man with the long flowing gar- erty have become more secure. The ment has almost disappeared; and endless feuds as to the ownership of along with him have gone many of land have come to an end. Courts of the old courtly manners of the Chi- law have been established where a certain measure of justice is meted *Chinese Recorder) 1909. Articles on Formosa, out to all, Christian and heathen by Rev. D. Ferguson Simon. alike. As an instance of the thorough

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

way in which the Japanese deal with bling is unknown. A few weeks ago disease, the effort to exterminate I met a drove of handcuffed men beplague might be mentioned. They ing led off to the central Formosa levy a tax on every household of two prison for secret gambling. The other rats. A fine is imposed on those who day, when walking over the hills with fail to produce the tax. Every rat is a friend, we raised from a hollow a examined, and if found to be plague- little group of gambling youths, who infected the house from which the started up like game from a hillside rats came has to be thoroughly heath. They fled like hares. I never cleansed and disinfected. During the saw Chinamen run so fast before. last eight years 34,944,435 rats have Opium-smoking among old smokers is JAPANESE SOLDIERS ATTACKING HEAD-HUNTING SAVAGES IN FORMOSA been destroyed. Twice a year every tolerated, but new licenses are not house and shop has to disgorge all its easily obtained. Thus the government effects, and be thoroughly cleaned out. have reduced and almost abolished Rows of tables line the streets, covered violent crime. As a man said when with bottles and boots, and fruits, and preaching with me in a village the boxes, and tins and cans, and pots and other day, "Is not this a time of pans, while an inspector passes along peace? Tether your cattle to that and goes in to see that the shops have tree over the night, and who will dare been properly cleaned. Fancy Broad- to come and steal? Vhat a change way, New York, or Fleet Street, Lon- from the former time!" The Japdon, having to undergo an ordeal like anese are demonstrating in the eyes this! Then there is such a complete of all that much that is good can be and thorough system of espionage brought into the social life of a people that open crime such as theft or gam- by making crime difficult.

BUFFALOES USED TO CRUSH SUGAR-CANE IN FORMOSA "When all is said and done about Japanese are squeezing as much out the Japanese occupation of Formosa," of the island for themselves as they says Mr. Ferguson, "one can not but possibly can." Of course, the Chinese acknowledge many improvements. I benefit accidentally, and possibly they think I am safe in saying that, barring are grateful. On the whole, the the savages on the high mountains, younger generation is pleased with there are few places in the world the new order of things. But they do where life and property at the present not love the nation that rules. Their time are so safe. Some of us can re- attitude is one of cordial dislike or member days when to travel unpro- even hatred. They are fully alive to tected during the Chinese New Year the benefits the Japanese have introseason meant a likelihood of being at- duced. But altho like the dogs, they tacked and plundered, and possibly do eat fairly big crumbs that fall from killed by highway robbers." the master's table, it is not to say that they would not prefer to share in It is fairly evident that the Japanese the feast. The other day a missionary are expioiting the island of Formosa was speaking of progress and awakenfor their own benefit. They are here ing in China. The question at once to develop the resources of the island sprung to the lips of his Chinese primarily for themselves. The other friend, "Then do you think some day day, when the engineer in a sugar- China will be able to win back Formill was explaining to me how the mosa ?" That is the hope that lies modern machinery extracted 80 per concealed in the hearts of roo per cent. cent. of the juice out of the cane, of the Chinese in Formosa. twice as much as the old native mill drawn by cattle, I thought, "Well! The mission work on the island is that is just an illustration of how the shared by two churches, the Cana-

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

dian Presbyterian in the north, and aries have devoted much time to the the English Presbyterian in the training of pastors and preachers, the south. The work of the former was organization of the native church, and opened in I872, and for long carried aggressive evangelistic effort. Medion single-handed by its able and vig- cal work has been richly blest, esorous founder, Dr. Mackay, author of pecially in the early days, and through a book entitled, "From Far Formosa." the ministry of healing the love of The mission of the English Presby- God has been revealed to not a few. terian Church was founded a few At the present time in connection with years earlier, in I865. The field is the two missions there are eighteen an ideal one in the sense that we have foreign missionaries; 9 native pastors, no sectarian rivalry.* The island is I IO unordained preachers, over 300 divided between the two missions, elders and deacons, a membership of and each works its own separate field. more than 5,000 in full communion, There is reason to hope, however, that and a worshiping community of erelong the two native churches will many thousands. The givings of the be united in one. Both mISSIons nCltive church total a sum of some have established schools, hospitals, 15,000 yen (a yen is about a half-doland theological colleges. From the lar gold). A missionary magazine, beginning the preaching of the Gospel published in roman letters in the south, has been the great aim. The mission- has just attained its semi-jubilee, and has a circulation of 1,000 copies a * There are one or two straggling Roman Ca:ho- month. "Early in January, I906, on an lie chapels and several Spanish priests on the appointed Sabbath, a census of church island. They don't trouble us much.

A BU}'FALO FIELD CART IN FORMOSA

attendance was taken in the English a clear and steady light. Many a Presbyterian Church Mission. Abso- time we are put to shame when we lutely no special preparation was made see a poor farmer giving 10 or 20 yen for it. Apart from the preachers few to the building of a new church. How knew they were being counted. The eager some are to tell the glad news actual attendance in South Formosa of salvation to friends and neighbors. in eighty-seven places of worship was How ready they are, if need be, to 12,931. The census also showed that suffer for Christ's sake and the Gos- there were 4,079 who could intelli- pel's. The quality of the Christians gently read the Bible in roman letters.* and the success which has attended The Gospel has now been brought the preaching of the Gospel in Formo- well within the reach of the Chinese sa are set forth in the pages of a book nese population.t Churches have been entitled "The Heathen Heart," which placed at almost every strategic point. a well-known Presbyterian minister in But much remains to be done. The Scotland has called "the most illumi- little groups of worshiping people nating book on missions I have ever are few in numbers, and feeble in read." It is written by Mr. Campbell strength. Thousands have never Moody, formerly missionary in inidheard the Gospel. To many who have Formosa. He is probably one of the heard once and again it is nothing most successful evangelistic mission-_ more than a strange tale. Altho in a aries of modern times. The book sense the entire field is possest, the finds little use for statistics; but one work of evangelization is only be- lays it down with the conviction that ginning. the Gospel has begun to take its re- deeming grip of Formosa. To those The progress of Christianity can interested in the progress of the Gosnot, however, be demonstrated by fig- pel not only in this island, but in all ures. These may serve a useful pur- China, I warmly commend this book. pose. But its ultimate success is assured rather by the presence of a few A great change has taken place in choice men and women, than by large the conditions of mission work since numbers of "converts." And so it is the coming of the Japanese. Forin this that we rejoice, that here and merly things were much the same as there in market towns and remote vil- they are in China to-day. To become lages there are those whose lives bear a Christian often meant the loss of unmistakable evidence of the trans- all things. Many of the older conforming power of the religion of verts suffered in this way under Chi- Jesus Christ. The patience, and nese rule. One of our pastors forcourage, and steadfastness, and zeal, sook all when a mere lad to follow and liberality of the Chinese Chris- Christ. But that day has gone past. tians, when placed against the dark No man now can seize a neighbor's background of heathenism, shine with goods just because he is a Christian. A certain measure of civil and relig- *Chinese Recorder} 1909. Article by Mr. Fergu- ious liberty has come with Japanese son. rule. The hand of the oppressor is restrained. Persecution bitter enough t No work as yet has been opened among the still prevails. But a Christian man savages. Both missions have a few stations among the half·civilized aborigines. The way, we hope, will Soon be opened up for an approach into the savage country. FOBMOSA 10 ! ! 40 .Ihl' …..il/Ylge .tlflln.'l.~ Of'CUP!I tht J!I/rr nd Eastojtlwdottt'dllM -.-.- – "

_ ,._-r.

OJ.

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

can now call his house and his lands world's history. The extent of the his own. The Japanese do not allow Roman Empire as an open field of a man to be openly persecuted because evangelization, the diffusion of the of his religion. This new state of Greek language as a channel of genthings has brought about considerable eral communication, the dispersion of changes in the work of a missionary. the Jews, all these conditions had pre- That department of work known in pared the way for the spread of the China by the name of "cases," ending Gospel. So it would seem as if the fit sometimes in lawsuits, has entirely moment had come to press forward disappeared. Seldom do preachers in the work of evangelization her.e.

A JOURNEY BY CHAIR ALONG THE FORMOSA SEACOAST ever visit a missionary with a view to Hindrances have been removed; the obtaining his influence on the side of individual possesses a liberty he never a church-member in the settlement of had before; the preacher finds a readia case. The Japanese would not tol- ness to hear wherever he goes. erate interference for one moment. Moreover, this freedom of the indi- But while all that is so, it must be vidual, protected as he now is from admitted that this breaking up of the the bullying tactics of headmen and solidarity of the clan, and setting the influential clansmen, constitute a fresh individual free to think and act for opening for the Christian Church and himself, has not been attended with the great accessions to the church one the missionary. Ii: is a favorite might have expected to follow under such favorable conditions. No doubt thought with Paul that Christ came just at the fittest moment in the it has opened the way for some to

A COUNTRY CHURCH IN FORMOSA enter the Church. But why not mul- comes in. The house is swept and titudes? I remember how in China garnished, but who is to enter in and many a Christian said to me that if take possession? But deeper than all only this great obstacle of clan perse- this is the hindrance in the heart of cution could be removed the millen- man, which, in these days of peace nium would come almost at once. and order, as in the, wild and turbulent Multitudes would flock into the days of Chinese rule, remains the Church at the sound of the Sabbath same-alienated from God the Father bells. The reasons are not far to and His Son Jesus Christ. So that seek. New conditions have brought while we can not but acknowledge new hindrances. The devil is not go- with gratitude that present conditions ing to let us have things all our own are better than the past, and see way, even altho his nails have been therein a call to greater zeal and clipt a bit. The Japanese have effort in the time to come, the misbrought much that is good, but they sionary problem remains the same. can not in any sense be called a Christian nation. The very people who Looking out into the future we are stamp out gambling and opium-smo- not blind to the fact that there is room king with such a firm hand have for some special agencies. An Indian brought with them prostitution, wine- missionary lamented that comparadrinking, and many other evils that tively few of the more respectable and threaten more and more to become influential classes attended the preachformidable hindrances to the Church. ing of the Gospel in bazaars and other One set of vices goes out and another places of public resort. The condi- tions in Formosa are yqstly different

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

A TOWN CHURCH IN FORMOSA from those in India. Yet we must ad- like the Y. M. C. A. Already the mit that we do need some institution American Branch has sent out one specially suited to influence the edu- man to the capital city of Taihoku, cated young men of new Formosa. where he is now teaching Japanese The estahlishment of an Anglo-J apa- boys in a government school, with the nese College for Chinese, where in a object of using his influence on the Christian atmosphere the saving truths side of Christianity. A Christian lady of Christianity might he imparted to also is employed by the Japanese to heathen lads preparing for husiness teach English in a hoys' school in the and other lines of life, has heen sug- same city. She has a large Bible gested. The usefulness of such an in- class on Sabbaths in her own ' house. stitution would largely depend on how The president of the school wished to far the Christian aim of the school interdict her as religion is not allowed was kept well to the front. The re- to be taught in the school; but she religious influence of an educational in- plied that neither he nor the Emperor stitution where Christianity is not ag- of Japan could keep her from teachgressive may be very small indeed. ing religion in her own house. Some But a well-equipped and thoroughly such work as this among educated Cllristian school of this kind is much Chinese hays is much needed. needed. Lack of funds and men precludes our mission from proceeding Vhile, however, all that has been' with such a scheme. In the larger said with regard to special agencies is cities also there is work that could he true, we feel as missionaries, called upon to continue with unabated zeal well undertaken by a.n organization the work of evangelization. That

there is need for some special agencies that the growth of the Church itself, does not at all imply that the ordinary and the urgent can for varied minismethods of evangelization are inade- tries for its organization and the fuller quate or are to be displaced. We are training of its members, sometimes very jealous of any new work that threaten to overshadow, or even to would reduce the number of men en- displace. the aggressive evangelistic gaged in the work of evangelization. effort in which all missions must be- And in this we believe we are in line gin, and in which they ought steadwith the divine will. Preach the Gos- fastly to continue, whatever be the pel, train others to preach, and go urgency of other calls." with them into the forefront of the battle, these are the words written on In conclusion, while we have cause the banner we hold aloft. The great for gratitude when we see the growth mass of the people are accessible by in numbers and liberality and Christthe divinely appointed method of likeness in many churches, the future preaching. Never was there such an is not without grounds for anxiety, opportunity for evangelistic preaching and calls for much watchfulness and as there is to-day. The foolishness prayer. Some of the older churches of preaching has proved a power unto have lost their first love. The lax obsalvation in Formosa. We believe servance of the Sabbath in Japan is that God meant to bless it more and beginning to affect the Chinese church more. With all our heart do we en- in Formosa. Traveling on the Lord's dorse the words of a leading mission- Day, involving much labor, and deary in China: "The time has by no priving many of their rightful and means gone by for the old elementary divinely appointed rest, is becoming evangelistic work, by which the first too common. It behooves us, howknowledge of the truth of the Gospel ever, not to lose heart, but to gird on is brought within the reach of those the armor of the Lord that we may outside. The opportunities for evan- meet the enemy, and repulse him, and gelistic work widen with the Church's enthrone Jesus Christ as King, unto growth, but it must be acknowledged whom shall be all the Glory, even unto the ends of the earth.

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA BY SHERWOOD EDDY UR trip through the caped, but among all those we met none had so marvelous an escape, mO Province of Shansi has none more thrilling adventures, and taken us along the none were more heroic than Mr. and path of the Boxer up- Mrs. Green and Miss Gregg, whom ~ rising to the scenes of we saw in Shansi. The story can best the terrible massacres be told in Mr. Green's own words, as in China, and has brought us in touch we heard it from his lips. with many of the heroes of those days. Few missionaries in Shansi es- "It was very soon after our return

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

to Hwuy-luh on April 1st that increas- presence there should become known. ing rumors of trouble with the society About midnight our cook came with known as "The Boxers" in the district two inquirers and the news that our north of Pao-ting-fu reached us, and home had been looted by the rabble by the middle of May things seemed that day, and we were now practically to be getting really serious. The con- homeless. By Monday, the 19th, the tinued drought 1ll the province caused report that we were living on Lotusmuch unrest among the people, and flower Mountain had reached the vilno doubt tended to accelerate and lage near-by. There was quickly an strengthen the anti-foreign movement. uproar. After quietly assuring them The anti-foreign party, taking advan- that we would go, they left us, and tage of this, issued broadcast inflam- we were face to face with the fact matory placards, with various inju- that go we must; but where? We rious accusations, saying there would were all trying to choke down some be no rain until all foreigners were food when the keeper himself arrived. exterminated. He said, "Don't be afraid, I have an- other place for you; it is a natural On Monday, July 2d, our little cave high up on the face of the mounhousehold were at prayer when a mes- tain." The last two hundred feet was senger I had sent returned with a re- a steep, trackless climb. Soon we ply from the telegraph clerk saying were all sitting breathless in His own that all the mission premises in Pao- "Cleft in the Rock." On inspecting ting-fu had been destroyed the pre- our home we found how damp it was, vious day, all the foreigners killed, only one small place on the ground, and that many natives, both Protes- about five feet by three, really dry, tants and Catholics, had perished. We and here we spread our bedding. We began to consider the advisability of were hidden alike from friend or foe. seeking a place of retreat where we This was the first of our wonderful decould hide until the terrible Governor liverances from death, for they cerof Shansi and his followers, had tainly would have killed us had we passed through. A temple-keeper, fallen into their hands. The two having a few days previously volun- days spent in this cave were truly a tarily offered us a room in his temple trial to our faith. We all felt chilled on the mountain near-by, we sent a to the bone, and our food supply was man to see the place and make ar- very meager; in fact by mid-day on rangements for our going. We had Wednesday we had very little left, prayer with the Christians, commend- but the God who sent the ravens to ing each other to our loving Heavenly Elijah sent us a feast of unleavened Father, and just about midnight we, cakes and cucumbers, by the hand of carrying the sleeping children, with a man who had been at one time in our one servant attending, set off for our employ. With thankfulness too deep three-mile walk and mountain climb. for words we welcomed our relief It was just beginning to show signs of party, who, with us, could hardly keep dawn when we reached the gateway back the tears of emotion and joy. of our retreat, tired and sick at heart. The people searched for us aU day in It was one long strain all the next day every nook and cave they could find. to keep the children quiet, in case our

A party of the Boxers also tried to As I did so I saw through the open find us, but failed. Not daring to pro- door several Boxers run across the long our stay in this damp cave, we courtyard, and heard one shout, "All moved the next night to a place of get outside and on to the roo£." The hiding in a neighboring farmhouse. blood was now streaming down my face, but clear-ing my eyes with my From time to time we heard of dif- handkerchief I saw one of them on rerent mission stations being destroy- the roof opposite just firing at me. It ed. Sickness, too, came to test us. was an old flint-lock and only flashed Miss Gregg had a very serious attack in the pan. Then two others appeared of dysentery, which lasted about a farther along the roof, armed with week. My dear wife passed through guns, and sought to aim at me three weeks of great suffering with through the doorways and windows abscesses in her ear, while I myself as I staggered from room to room, was troubled with neuralgia and indi- scarcely knowing what I was doing gestion nearly the whole time. -I think I was looking for a way of With the third week of our stay at escape. I made my way back to the the farm it began to be whispered cave, and said to my wife, "They have about in the villages that we were shot me in the head; it is certain death there. On Thursd<ty morning, Au- for us, and only a matter of time now. gust 10th, when warning was given We are not worthy, but He is worthy." that several men were approach- After briefly committing each other ing, we quickly hid ourselves in a to our Faithful Creator, we made our cave, while the women covered the way through to the kitchen. Not a entrance with some household chat- soul could be seen through the open tels. Soon the tramping of many doorway, but as I stept on the threshfeet, and loud altercations could be old I saw a man on each side against heard; for the Boxers had arrived. the wall with huge, ghastly swords We thought of the dear children, uplifted. Stepping back for a moment whose piteous cries of "Will they kill to tell the ladies to be prepared, I us?" "Are they going to kill us now?" walked out with one of the children pierced deeper than any Boxer's in my arms, the ladies following with knife. AIe told them that very soon the other child. Ve were immediately we would be with Jesus. seized and those great knives bran- dished over our heads. Having se- I was led to go out and plead with cured all that was now left of our those men for the lives of the ladies clothing, bedding, etc., they proceeded and the little ones. Groping my way to search our persons, even to the tearalong the passage, I stooped and ing off of my wife's wedding ring and lifted the curtain which covered the spectacles. The villagers had turned hole, and was just creeping through out en masse on the surrounding hills when one of them fired at me. By and saw us led away, each overshadthe dull heavy thud on my head I owed by a couple of those awful knew I was wounded, and was con- knives, while those with firearms scious of falling through the entrance, walked in the rear. There was real then rising to my feet I seemed to sympathy on the faces of many in spin round two or three times, and leaned against the wall for support.

A MODERN MIRACLE IN

the enormous crowd lining the streets I was. A shake-down was made for as we passed along, and among them us on the floor of the prison room. the tear-stained face of our serving The officials, headman and others with woman, to whom Miss Gregg called him, were moved to pity to see little out as we passed, "We are not afraid; John, as soon as the bed was spread, God is with us." get down from my knee, crawl along on it, stretch himself out full length We were first shut up in our own and immediately fall fast asleep. There home, and when the Mandarin official was a prisoner in the cage at one end arrived we were handed over to him of the room, and five or six men slept and lodged in a small temple within on the brick bed at the other, but we the Yamen precincts. The relief of were too far gone to care for these finding ourselves really out of the things, and lying Gown all in a row hands of the Boxers, and the deep were soon fast asleep, for neither the thankfulness of our hearts to God for ladies nor I had slept for four days. this second deliverance from death, About 9 A.M. we left the Yamen to were very great. On examining. my go on to Pao-ting-fu by cart, thirty wound we found it was a full charge miles more of awful jolting over bad of No. I shot I had received, and roads. Arriving there we were taken that owing to my peculiar stooping straight to the district Yamen. position at the time, my head, shoul- Alighting from the cart, almost beders, arms, face and back had all fore I was aware of what was haptaken their share. As blood, hair and pening, we were separated, the ladies clothing were now firmly clotted we and children being taken to the womdecided to leave it so till I could get en's lock-up, and I was marched off proper surgical treatment. I suffered to the men's common prison. I found terribly that night, which we spent on myself in a filthy yard, with some some reed mats spread on the damp twenty prisoners in various stages of floor of the temple. We were out dirt and wretchedness. Spreading my very soon after daylight, and by seven coverlet on the damp ground, I lay o'clock we had left the city. On down and cried; not for the ignominy arriving at an inn I thankfully lay heaped upon us, but the thought of down to rest, but alas ! not for long. being separated from my dear wife Ve were soon to be undeceived, for and children at this time was unbeara man from the Yamen came to say able. Some one sent to fetch me back that another cart was waiting in the to the cart. The ladies and children yard to take us on the next stage of were already there. Soon a fast inour journey to Pao-ting-fu. It was creasing and excited crowd was surcertain death to send us to Pao-ting- ging about the cart. Several of the fu, where the foreigners had already city Boxers appeared with their guns been killed, but he declared that go and great s'vvords, and took up their on we must, practically without a position around us. I overheard the rest day or night for forty hours. spokesman of our Boxer party say, God most certainly gave the strength "There will be trouble here very and grace, or no ladies could have shortly." To that man, under God, taken such a journey; to say nothing we undoubtedly owe our Iiv~s on thisl Qf th~ chi1dr~n and o~~ wou~ded qS

the third wonderful deliverance from is held by Boxers at several points on death. He had gone to the mandarin the way down, and it would be cerand pleaded for us, showing him that tain death for ourselves as well as for we would certainly be killed as soon you, to attempt to get through. Our as we got out of the city. After an orders from the Governor were to interview with the mandarin, he gave bring you down the river so far and orders that a room in the women's to kill you and put you out of the lock-up should be cleared for us. And way." As he spoke he pointed to his now taking this, the first opportunity big, ugly knife, which I had seen him since I was shot, my wife and Miss sharpening since we left Pao-ting-fu. Gregg set about cleaning my wounds Apparently our little girl's kindness and to see what could be done to re- had touched his heart on the journey, move some of the pellets. With the and he had determined to spare us. aid of a broken-pointed penknife and He went on to say, "We don't intend a needle, five or six were extracted. to commit such a sin. We have no quarrel with you, but you must leave The Plol of the Boxers the boat now and make the best of it for yourselves." Protest was useless; The next day, August 15th, one of we were simply stunned and moved the Yamen men came to say that ar- on as if in a dream. Gathering torangements had been made to take gether our few belongings, we took us on to Tientsin by boat, and that the children in our anTIS and went we were starting that clay. Twelve ashore. Tears came into the eyes of runners went before the carts, while the spokesman when on stepping from several Boxers. with drawn swords the boat, with John in my arms, I also acted as escorts. Arriving at the turned and, putting my hands toriver side, we were soon on the boat. gether in Chinese fashion, thanked The plan undoubtedly was to kill us, him. Getting quickly over the bank, and I saw a pile of cash placed on the we were soon out of sight among the boat, which apparently was the blood reeds and thick undergrowth, without money paid to the Boxers for killing having been seen by anyone. Maus at a distance down the river. Soon king sure to be completely hidden after sunrise we were passing a walled from' anyone who might be passing city thirty miles from Pao-ting-iu. A along the bank, we spread out our little later the boat stopt and was bedding and sat down to think and moored to the bank. Saying some- pray. Slowly one began to realize thing which I did not quite under- that for the fourth time our God had stand, the spokesman and the leader delivered us from a cruel death. went ashore together. My wife cried, "Oh, Charlie, something is wrong. Do What a day that was! Most of it ask the other men what it is." I spoke was spent in prayer. At every sound to one of them, but he only wrung of footsteps on the bank we held our his hands and cried, "This is terrible, breath. About the middle of the afterterrible!" Then the two men returned noon we heard the tramping of many and the leader said, "It is all a lie feet and voices along the bank, and about you being taken to Tientsin. knew it was a band of Boxers looking for us by their shouts and shooting off It is impossible to g-et there; the river

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

guns into the reeds; in about half an and bound hand and foot, they using hour they returned and all was quiet their feet as much as their hands to again. We were terribly bitten by get our arms and legs into position, mosquitoes, and all day the children tho we were quite passive. Then I were pleading for something to drink; suddenly missed the cries of the chilwe, too, suffered much from thirst. dren, and was glad the lambs had When it was quite dark we went to "gone before," and were spared more the river and quenched our thirst. A of these terrible sights. Miss Gregg heavy thunder-storm came up. Cov- was hauled by the hair into a kneeling ering the children as much as possible position, and her head prest down on with the bedding we sat through that a stone. One cried, "Who'll strike?" miserable two hours, all very soon wet but other voices overruling said, "No, to the skin and chilled to the bone. take them all to headquarters first." Half a mile to the west was a city, As we lay there bound in the mud, and we decided to make our way one and another struck us heavily there. About half-way we came to a again and again with the backs of their cottage, and, seeing a light in the win- swords or the handles of spears. As dow, I said, "Let us ask them to help blow after blow fell upon Miss Gregg us." We were invited into the house 110 sound escaped her lips, only a long, and were soon fast asleep. deep sigh. I could not see nor hear my dear wife, who had been dragged Suddenly we were startled by an un- some distance away. Word was given earthly sound in the yard outside; it to carry us off. The handles of two seemed a combination of a hiss and a spears were put through my left arm, growl. With a slash of a drawn a man each taking an end on their sword the reed curtain at the door was shoulders, and I was taken off hangdashed down, and we were again face ing between them by one arm, with to face with a crowd of fierce Boxers. hands tied to my feet behind me. It "Betrayed 1" was the first thought that was only about a quarter of a mile flashed through one's mind. The next to the temple building they used as moment all was confusion. I was headquarters. I should have fainted seized by the hair and dragged to the with the excruciating pain had it been ground, and was conscious of blow much farther. On entering, my face after blow on different parts of my struck heavily against a large earthenbody, and then being trampled on by ware water-tank, and the next minute many feet as others rushed over me to I was thrown down on the wet ground seize my wife and Miss Gregg. I re- of the courtyard. member a pang as I heard the heartrending shrieks of the children, then Escape from Death a sweet calm filled my soul as I committed myself to God. Comparing Hearing the dear children cry, I notes afterward, we have each been then knew they had not been killed as able to testify that this was the calmest moment in our live>, never doubting I supposed. My wife and Miss Gregg for a moment that we should immediately be killed. Now we were drag- were carried in a similar way, the forged outside, thrown down in the mud mer suspended by both hands and feet, the latter by one arm and one leg. Little John was tied hands and

feet, while Vera, with hands tied be- self in the midst of a room full of hind her, was made to walk, having respectable tradesmen and scholars. her feet bound when they got there. These were the civil members of the Now all had arrived, and there was company of the Boxers whose milimuch rejoicing and mutual congrat- tary people captured us. The Govulations that these "Devils" had been ernor had been very angry when he captured. Presently a tall young man heard that we had been let go alive. arrived, who, by his authoritative The civil being a much stronger body voice, I soon knew was recognized as than the military party, had overleader. He came and put a brick ruled any other wish there may have under my head for a pillow, and spoke been, and determined to protect us in encouragingly to me, telling me if I their own interests, and send us down had anything to say not to be afraid to Tientsin when the way was clear. to say it. I requested that if they in- Thus, for the sixth time our lives tended to kill us, they would do it were preserved, tho we were guarded quickly, and not let us go through any night and day by some, at least, who unnecessary suffering. They lifted me would have killed us had they had up and gave me a stool to sit upon, their own way. One day early in the that I might be better able to talk to afternoon our guard were all having them. I was soon, however, too faint a nap, and one solitary sightseer was to sit up, and was glad to be laid peering through at the foreigners. again on the wet ground, now so near Presently a little crumpled tuft of the others that we were able to whis- paper was dropt through on the per to each other, "For Jesus' sake!" floor. I took it up, opened it out, and Vera, too, seemed to understand, and found within, in a good bold hand, in her turn, sought to comfort her these words: "Don't be afraid, for mother by kisses and saying, "Poor Chinese robbers nearly all have been mother! Poor mother!" Just before killed by both Chinese and foreign daybreak we were carried through soldiers. Peking and Tientsin belong into the main temple building. A to Europeans. Now I will go to Tientguard of five or six men was left in sin and tell your armies to protect charge, the remainder being dispersed, you. You may tear it into pieces understanding that our case was to be when you have seen." Looking up I decided in the morning. Thus for the motioned my thanks, and my unknown fifth time we found ourselves deliv- friend left hurriedly. On Monday, ered from death. Many hundreds of September 3d, a company of Boxers Boxers visited us from all the country visited the place, and we noticed that round, carrying their ghastly weapons their attitude toward us was more unand thirsting for our blood. The heat, friendly than usual; one thrust the and myriads of flies, too, were an ad- muzzle of his gun into my wife's face, ditional trial; while at night the mos- and said something to the effect that quitoes, vermin, and rats were terri- "they were going to begin business ble, so that with the hard, uncomfort- to-day." The whole town and neighable bed, and our aching bodies, sleep borhood were in an uproar about us. was out of the question. Later we learned what a difficult mat- ter it had been to keep off the attack- On the Saturday night I found my-

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

ing party of Boxers, while the civil the outside world for four months, is department held a monster meeting pinned up on the wall, that we may in the city attended by some five hun- constantly refresh ourselves by read- dred tradesmen and gentry, and by ing it,"

good words, apologies, and promises, Here ended Mr. Green's story.

they had succeeded in preventing an Hope was now in sight. But it was attack upon us. Sick, ill, tired, cold, soon to be dashed to the ground. Ow- hungry, and uncertain, the black pall ing to long and terrible exposure dur- of despair was settling down upon my ing the imprisonment at Pao-ting-fu, soul as evening came on. With tears where Horace Pitkin and the others I implored my wife and Miss Gregg were killed, his little daughter, Vera, to pray for me, when suddenly there was taken ill with dysentery, and final- was quiet and music in my heart. ly died on October 10th, after about Later I was invited across to the ten days' illness. It came as a final meeting room, and told that we were crash to the long exile. After' the to leave that evening by boat for Pao- death of his little girl, Mr. Green was ting-fu. It seemed like going to cer- completely broken down and was not tain death again until we learned that able to be moved. Finally, however, the English consul had demanded our on an ambulance he was taken into the protection and safe escort to Tientsin. French camp, and thence under the It was our God who had enabled the British flag. Utterly broken in health people to restrain that horde of Box- the family returned to England, but ers, and just in the nick of time to after a short year of recuperation open the way for our removal from bravely set their faces again toward the place. This I record with deep, China. Back to the same spot where wonder, love and praise, as the he had been betrayed, back to the seventh deliverance from death that same town where in the gate he had He has wrought on our behalf, and been sold for thirty pieces of silver, these seven escapes have al! been as the price put upon his head, back from definite and seen dangers. to the people who had sought his life, We rise now in the scale rapidly; he returned to live out the love of the extra bedding is bought for us and Cross, and fill up that which was lack- I am allowed to have a shave, the ing of the affliction of Christ for His mandarin's own barber being sent for boely's sake. With shining face he the purpose. Thus by rapid strides told us that the Church had multiplied we are transformed from outcasts and. more than tenfold sil~ce the Boxer prisoners into honored guests. About days. And the best is yet to be! All a week after our "promotion," 1 am over China the blood of the martyrs is again given leave to telegraph to proving the seed of the Church. More Shanghai news of our safety, at the converts have been gathered in the 'judge's expense, altho somewhat re- ten years since the uprising than in all stricted as to what I shall say. In the previous ninety years of Christian about six days a reply comes, "Halle- effort. A great price has' been paid.

lujah! Have wired news home. Wait The sacrifice will yet bear fruit.

instructions from Tientsin or Peking." "Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, This, our first communication from to receive-riches!"

AND COOPERATION IN

BY REV. HENRY T. HODGKIN, LONDON, ENGLAND Secretary of the Friends' Foreign Missionary Association gEjVERY one who follows to learn from the experience of those missionary thought, in other and older fields. Unable to even from afar, knows effectively cooperate with organiza- that great advance has tions covering the whole country on been made in regard to account of their geographical isolation the question of unity they have the more earnestly sought to and cooperation during recent years. cooperate with one another. What The thought comes home with peculiar might have been their weakness has, force in reading the report of the in a large measure been turned into Eighth Commission of the World Mis- their strength; and it may even be sionary Conference. Even since that that some of the older fields may be gathering further steps have been able to glean something from the extaken in several fields and at home. perience in this. The movement gathers force with every year. Conditions on the field are Occupying, then, this great West so urgent and problems so vast that we China field are the following missionmust stand together in facing them. ary societies: The new nationalistic spirit in some of the great Eastern nations has added Church Missionary Society. force to the movement. From home China Inland Mission. some additional pressure is now Canadian Methodist Mission. brought to bear, especially because of Friends' Foreign Mission (England). the success of such interdenomination- American Baptist Missionary Union. al movements as the Young Men's and London Missionary Society (until Women's Christian Associations, the Christian Endeavor Movement, the lately). Laymen's Missionary Movement, the Methodist Episcopal Mission. Young People's Missionary Move- United Methodist Mission. ment, and so forth. Foreign Christian Missionary Society.

In the present paper I purpose to Vvith three Bible societies and the deal mainly with what is being ac- Y. M. C. A. complished in one restricted area, not so much because it is a record of good The West China Missions Advisory work done, as because it is typical of Board is the body around which the similar movements elsewhere and an various movements toward closer felindication of the lines on which prog- lowship in Christian work have ress is being, and can be, made with grouped themselves, and with which great advantage. most are to some extent related. The Board was created by the first West vVest China is a compact field, cut China Conference held in Chungking off, to a large extent, from the rest twelve years ago, and, tho gaining its of the empire. It has been compelled authority in the first place from that to face its own problems, and it has body, it has now become the joint done so the more easily because the standing committee of all the missions missionaries have made it their aim in West China with one duly ac- credited representative of each upon it. Its functions are, in the first place, purely advisory, tho it is able to take on executive duties, as these are entrusted to it by the missions. Thus, it must always reserve to itself the for example, it publishes a monthly choice as to whether or not it shall paper for interchange of opinion and act upon the advice given in any parnews among missionaries in West ticular case. At the same time the China. A Chinese monthly is also missions in West China have come to published for use among the Chris- recognize the wisdom of taking, tians in our various churches. These wherever possible, the advice given by papers are truly interdenominational such a body. Without doubt, its adand serve a most useful purpose in vice has, generally speaking, compromoting the spirit of unity among mended itself to missionaries and all who follow Christ in this district. proved to be of great value in de- CHURCH UNION COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY WEST CHINA CONFERENCE The Advisory Board also assumed ex- veloping the work on sound lines. It ecutive functions in summoning the has been held to be a strong point in second West China Conference, and the constitution of the Board that misthus carried out the exprest wish of sions are not represented according mlsslOnaries. In the main, however, to their numerical strength. There is as in original intention, the Board thus no outvoting of the weak by the resolutions carry only such weight as strong, but rather the patient listenthey owe to their intrinsic value. The ing to all that is to be said from every missions are not prepared to be bound point of view, and then the determined by the decisions of such a body. Each effort to discover what line of action feels that it has rights and duties will most accord with the advancement which may not be sufficiently recog- of the Kingdom of God. In recognized by the other missions, and that nizing this as the aim common to all

there is a true unity in the work done. include all such in the Union's scope. Among the subjects discust, one of These schools are graded on the same the most important is the division of lines as the government ones; a comthe field "with a view to the speedier mon course of study has been drawn and more effective occupation of the up which is as nearly as possible idenwhole." Matters of occupation of tical with the government course: textcertain centers or districts are freely books are recommended for the vahandled even where wide divergence rious courses; joint examinations are of opinion exists. At its last meeting held, the passing of which entitles to a committee was appointed "to re- the Union's certificates; the appointconsider the effective occupation of ment of an educational secretary or Nest China as a mission field and the inspector will probably have taken efficient organization and coordination place before this paper appears in of the forces at work there." Thus print. Another valuable result of the something is being done toward fac- Union has been the holding of annual ing the field as a whole, and not simply educational conferences, which are from the point of view of each sep- found to be helpful in coordinating arate organization and its particular the work, exchanging experience and district. formulating plans for its extension.

In addition to this the Advisory Actual union has been achieved in Board has helped to bind the missions certain specific educational enterprises. together in common effort toward the A Union Middle School in Chengtu suppressions of such of the social evils has been a conspicuous success; union as opium-smoking and foot-binding. normal training, both at the capital Schemes have been inaugurated for and in special normal schools, has for united efforts toward evangeliza- proved its value; and a university has tion and spiritual revival. Minor dif- been formed by the Union Of four ficulties in reference to colportage and missions. Difficulties have, of course, other matters have been adjusted. appeared in connection with these Statistics have been collected for the movements. They have, however, whole field upon a uniform basis. The been overcome in a spirit of mutual above illustrations will be enough to forbearance and good will, and all show the many-sidedness of its activ- who have participated in the work ities, and the large possibilities for have become enthusiastic believers in usefulness that lie before a Board of the advantages and possibilities of a this character. union of this kind. Already plans are being laid for the application of the Altho not an integral part of its principle in other directions, but it is work, the West China Educational too soon to speak of these in detail. Union reports annually to the Advis- Among the practical results achieved oryBoard, and is thus linked with have been a general improvement in other cooperative effort. This union the character of the work done in the has been in existence for only six or schools, a greater confidence in our seven years, but it has already a good work on the part of the scholars and record of solid work done. The parents, and a fuller understanding of majority of mission schools in the each other's methods and ideals. The area are registered, and the aim is to

1912J UNITY AND COOPERATION IN PRACTISE

latest report to hand shows over one found possible. There are other dihundred schools in the Union, with a rections in which one mission has total of nearly 3,000 scholars. undertaken a piece of work which is carried on in the interests of all, dupli- Four years ago a conference was cation of effort being thus avoided. held in Chengtu at which the problem This has been the case with the Misof church union was freely discust sion Press and Language School of and a committee set up with the ob- the Canadian Methodist Mission, and ject of working toward the ideal which the school for the children of missionthe conference adopted-one Protes- aries started by the Friends' Mission tant Christian Church in West China. and now undertaken by the Canadians. The committee has worked on steadily, The West China Tract Society is an and recently issued a report of its first interdenominational organization of three years' work. This document great value; in one case, at least, a presents a proposed declaration of measure of cooperation in medical faith, proposed conditions of church- work has been attained; a Union membership and a scheme of organi- hymn-book has been published, and zation for a united Church. "In pre- the terms used for Christian places of paring the scheme of polity herein worship, etc., have been agreed upon presented," says the report, "it seemed m common. to the committee that the only principle which would make a union pos- What I chiefly wish, in presenting sible would be to recognize each the these facts, is to indicate how large is validity of the practises and methods the field for cooperation, and even for of the other, . . . the time has not definite united action. Reports conyet arrived when unanimity regarding tinue to reach me of other fields in methods of government or organiza- which progress is being made. The tion can be secured." The report is Educational ·Conference held last May submitted to the missions in order at Beirut appointed a Continuation that they may take action thereon at Committee to formulate a scheme for their annual meetings this winter. The an Educational Association for Syria Church Union Committee has also and Palestine. The Jubbulpore Conpublished a tract on Christian Unity ference on the Federation of Christian which is being widely circulated among Churches in India, held in August, the Chinese churches. It is believed agreed upon a basis for, and printhat there is a general readiness among ciples to guide in the formation of, the leaders of these churches to move such a federation. At home the work forward toward a larger measure of which is being done as a result of the united action. In the meantime a res- World Missionary Conference marks olution in favor of interchange of definite advance toward cooperation, members passed at the conference in as is evidenced by the formation of 1908 has been largely acted upon and interdenominational boards of study is also preparing the way. both in England and America. Other cases could easily be cited to show Space forbids the fuller statement that even the Edinburgh Report is by of these questions, or indeed a detailed no means the high-water mark ih coreference to all the departments in operation and unity. In everyone which a measure of union has been

of these cases great difficulties have the questions, and still more in carhad to be faced. At times they have rying out our plans together, is of seemed to be insurmountable. But the utmost value in leading to a better by prayer and patience a way has been understanding and mutual appreciafound and one can now look back tion, and thus clearing the way for with deep thankfulness to God, and further steps to be taken. record an advance which could hardly have been dreamed of ten or fifteen 3. The fundamental unities must years ago. be forever uppermost in our thoughts. It is IN CHRIST that we are one. Three points strike me as worthy As we own a common allegiance to of special note, having been imprest Him as Lord and Master and the one upon my own mind in watching, and sufficient Savior of mankind; as all in some cases helping to promote, lesser aims are subordinated to the these and other similar movements. supreme object of making Him King; as we remember that "now abideth 1. Progress should not be forced. faith, hope, love, and the greatest of If there is to be real union and co- these is love"-we shall be led into operation we must be content some- a position in which we find the joy times to go the pace of the slowest, of recognizing each other as coand we must ever be careful not to workers with God and severally memgo faster than the Holy Spirit leads. bers one of another in our Lord Jesus Christ. 2. The close personal touch which comes even through the discussion of CHRISTIAN COMMON SENSE AND COOPERATION BY H. K. CARROLL, LL.D., NE.W YORK Secretary of the Ecumenical Methodist Commissicn HE measure of coo.pera- relate to method, organization, etc. The approach of missionaries of dif- ItTJ~ tion and federation ferent boards is not due so much to which shall obtain in changed conditions in the heathen foreign mission fields world as to change in sentiment, obviously depends upon brought about by better knowledge of ~ the attitude of the mis- what each believes and seeks to acsions and their home boards. Denomi- complish. The Methodist, the Presnational pride and denominational loy- byterian, the Baptist and the Episalty are not so assertive as they used copalian get closer together in the to be. Intimate contact in the field has mission field than at home, because of shown men of different faiths that their their isolation and need of sympathy differences are not fundamental, that and encouragement. Occasion for the Gospel they preach is one and the jealousies and rivalries, for attack and same, that the seal of the Holy Spirit defense, seldom arises where' every is not set exclusively upon converts man is beleaguered, so to speak, by of any particular denomination or de- multitudes of diverse race, tongue, nominations, and that the things in thought, religion, custom, and habit of which they differ are chiefly such as

COMMON SENSE AND COOPERATION

life. It is human instinct for those binds missionaries, "whate'er their in similar condition to draw together name or sign," in a common brother- for mutual support and encourage- hood. The smallness of their number, ment, and it is the sense of real Chris- their isolation, the pressing upon them tian brotherhood which unites mis- of the unfriendly, unhappy multitude, sionaries surrounded by opposmg the vastness of their task, the critical heathen. character of the emergency, the danger Half of the differences between of losing most favorable opportunities Christian denominations are due to by delay, the inadequacy of their incorrect or insufficient information. forces, means and equipment-mo- The more they intermingle the better mentous questions such as these com- they know and the more they appre- pel them to reach out for brotherly ciate one another. The most ludicrous hands and to lean upon one another.

conception of Methodism I ever saw Common sense asserts itself where in print was written by a Lutheran common brotherhood prevails, and di- who drew the materials for his de- rects in dealing with the practical scription, not from association with problems which arise. Here are dif- living Methodists, but from the bones, ferent missions in the same community so to speak, of the Methodist discip- or province. Is it best that they all line. The living disciple is the best in- seek the same street or neighborhoods?

terpretation a denomination can have. Common sense says, No. No mission No sensible person can wish to break crowds its own stations together; why down denominational loyalty; but de- should any crowcl its stations upon nominational loyalty is not served by those of other missions? Divide the discrediting other denominations. territory of the city or the province The change of conditions in the mis- with .other missions, and if there is sion field has been almost revolution- not room for all let the latest comer ary in extent. Countries once closed go into another province not ade- are now open; peoples once solidly quately occupied. This triumph of arrayed against foreign influences are common sense we call interdenomina- now either friendly to them or anxious tional comity. Not to observe it is to to study them; nations once satisfied be guilty of disloyalty to the cause of with their own national, commercial Christ. To establish it as a principle and educational methods, now know is to settle harmoniously a thousand that they are outworn and insufficient; questions, prevent rivalry and strife millions once committed heart and and much wicked waste.

soul to idolatrous religions are now Interdenominational comity involves ready to hear what can be said for mutual recognition of mutual rights Christianity. Everywhere the mis- and privileges. Native members mov- sionary is invited to enter open doors, ing from one place to another where and he is like a man suddenly over- their own particular mission has no whelmed by an avalanche of snow; stations will be welcomed into rela- he needs help to dig his way out. tions with other denominations. Un- Common Christian feeling, growing worthy members expelled from one out of devotion to a common Lord, a mission will not be received into an- common faith and a common cause, other. One mission obviously may not

seek to win influential preachers and several kinds of Presbyterians, Methmembers from another mission. Pros- odists, etc., in India, China, and elytism, unlovely everywhere, is pe- Korea; and some have gone so far as culiarly hateful in the foreign field. to say that none of the divisions of Protestantism need to be perpetuated, Interdenominational comity leads to but that one undivided Christian the recognition of another principle exprest by unity of effort, cooperation, Church is possible and desirable in federation, union, or whatever you choose to call it, and common sense Asia and Africa. strongly supports it. In immense Therefore, cooperation is the order fields of work, like those of China, India and Africa, denominational mis- of the day, and strong, well-manned sions, more or less isolated, are over- schools of learning in China, Japan, whelmed by the opportunities pre- Korea and elsewhere attest the wissented. They find that schools, col- dom of combination. leges, universities, hospitals, publishing and industrial plants, hostels, and For one, while my love and loyalty the like are necessary, and that for for my denomination are almost unthese institutions more money is re- limited, I would not say a word or do quired than each separately can com- a thing to prevent such an outcome. mand. What is to be done? Confine I love my own Church as I love my the work to preaching, establish little own country, and live in it and work beginnings and increase them as in- in it because I like its spirit and crease of appropriations permit; or methods and organization; but I would combine with other missions to build no more think of imposing it, with up strong, well-equipped institutions its name, constitution and discipline in the centers? upon Korea than I would insist that the new government of China should To ask the question is to answer it. be that of the United States. I wel- There is no denominational peculiarity come, therefore, denominational comin the teaching of the ordinary ity everywhere-at home and abroad. branches of education; or in the Breaches of it· ought not to be depractise in the medical and surgical fended anywhere. I welcome as large departments of a hospital; or in a measure of cooperation, federation, the teaching of industries, or in the union, as can be secured without ungreat body of Christian literature. due pressure. I am not imprest with Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, the necessity of uniformity, and do not Lutherans, Episcopalians have their believe any particular polity or order own peculiarities of belief, of or- is of divine requirement. Unity of ganization, of discipline and of meth- faith, fellowship, purpose and feeling od in religious work; but they do is possible and desirable. Form of govnot develop any points of difference ernment, methods, etc., are matters of in mathematics, in grammar, in astron- preference, growing largely out of omy, or science. Moreover, they gen- training, and I see no reason why any erally agree that their own divisions great difficulty should confront the must not be perpetuated in the Native newer Christian Churches of the East, (hur<;h. That is, there ou~ht not to be when they receive their autonomy, in becoming congregational, episcopal or presbyterhm,

RIPOLI' like the rest of call them "the 1110st infidel of all

infidels." mT North Africa, was once a Christian land. So The native population, especially in history tells us, and so the towns and oases along the coast the remains of Chris- from Tripoli to Bengazi, is of very .. ~ tian churches in the mixed blood. Many trace their descent from Algerian, Tunisian, Albanian country and Christian customs and and Anatolian ancestors, who settled there during the last two centuries. symbols among the people to this day Many others claim to be descended from the Arabian conquerors. There testify. It is the last of the Barbary is no doubt some truth in this, for the blood of those warriors of Islam States to be invaded by the descend- must be very widely distributed among the Moslems of the littoral ants or heriters of those over whom by intermarriage. It is this belief that is so influential in keeping up the forces of religio-political system any real fanaticism there is in this part of the population. of Islam triumphed nearly thirteen The population of the mountain centuries ago. range, forty to seventy miles to the south, are mostly pure Berbers. Many Tha very extensive in area, the of these tribes speak the Chillah lan- guage as well as Arabic, and tho population is very small; vast stretches Moslems, belong to a heretical sect. They have been considered very faof country being pure desert and un- natical. But that in them which has been so called, by superficial observinhabitable. A million and a quarter is considered an outside estimate. It is the boast of this land that it does not contain a single native Christian -so complete was the triumph of Islam over the decadent Christian church. There are several thousand Jews whose ancestors settled there about 2,000 years ago. Islam was powerless to convert these Jews, and for that reason the Mo~lems to-day

ers, is not religious fanaticism so the street, if a mosque be within much as a fierce spirit of clannish- reasonable distance. Sometimes they ness that has been engendered by the will say : "We are very poor people, exigencies of their history. They look but there is one thing we have more with suspicion and hostility upon all of than other people-we have mointruders into their territory, whether desty." Europeans or orthodox Moslems. In character they are confessedly much Tripoli City is full of mosques, superior to the latter. small and great, but only very few of them have anything like a good South of the mountains the popu- congregation, except at mid-day. lation is very sparse and has a strong The moral condition of orthodox A MARKET SCENE IN TRIPOLI, NORTH AFRICA strain of Sudanese blood. Speaking Moslems is very low, indeed. Rom. generally, these also are .of higher I: 29-32 is hardly an exaggerated demoral character than their orthodox scription of the moral character of brethren of the North. They are re- the maj ority. Yet, in justice, it must ligious, but not fanatical; indeed, be admitted that while through their they are the mildest of people. faith they are farther away from God , The population of the whole of the than the heathen of India, they have Vilayet may be said to be very re- not descended to the same depths of ligious. Yet in and around Tripoli immorality. With them, as with City the traveler looks in vain to see Christians, religion is connected with men stop their work at the call of moral conduct. And yet they think the Muezzin, take out their prayer it no hypocrisy for a man to be very carpets, and fall down in the street diligent in the observance of his reto perform their prayers. They are ligious duties, and at the same time not as ostentatious as many, and it utterly corrupt in his public and priis regarded as Pharisaic to pray in vate life. The writer knew a bash

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI

AN OASIS IN TRIPOLI funds to pay for the papers and the signatures of the officials concerned. mufti, the religious chief of the Vi- A divorce costs from one dollar uplayet, who bore a most infamous ward, according to the position of the character and died a horrible death. applicant. The people felt some shame over it, but did not think that his conduct Purity of speech is unknown in the seriously unfitted him for his high homes. The language of both sexes office. Even the imams in general of all ages is full of impurity, and are corrupt in financial matters, when references that are demoralizing to they have no other serious fault. The hear and much more to think of. In city is very vile, but the natives the streets the language is appalling, claim that the country was immune and even the most highly placed will, from unnatural vice till it was intro- if provoked, demean themselves to duced by the Turks. use the vilest of epithets. Girls have to be kept under strict surveillance Polygamy is not very common, but from ten to twelve years of age. Boys where it does exist it has, as' else- begin to lead corrupt lives before where, a most baneful influence on entering their teens. the character of the family. A fruitful source of "cursing and bitter- One of the worst features of the ness" and hatred is divorce, which is home life is the almost universal lack wofully common. It seems to be OUf of any true love among the mem- Moslems' way of making up for what bers. The husband does not choose they miss through not being able to or marry his wife because he loves keep more than one wife. If a man has her, and, tho there are exceptions, it had a quarrel with his wife, if he has is very rare that he comes to love her taken a dislike to her and wants a fresh one, these or similar reasons are sufficient to obtain him a divorce, provided he Ca11 find th~ nec~ssarl

PAT1ENTS IN THE COU RTY ARD OF THE M EDICAL MISSION HOU5E~ TRIPOLI afterward. He may honor and respect influence character by other and false her as the mother of his children, but principles that are more congenial to love her for her own sake, no, that the natural heart of man. is never thought of, for the Christian idea of the marriage relation- Islam knows no God of love. It ship is absolutely unknown to them. makes much of His mercy, but even This is perhaps the deepest condem- that is not for all. It is dealt out n'ation of Islam, that it has driven according to the caprice of an infinite out of the hearts of its votaries the and almighty egoist. simple in stinct of natural affection. Their own opinion of themselves in The belief which, in an orthodox this regard is often exprest to Euro- Moslem dominates all others in his pean frien'ds in these very terms: notions of the Divine Being is that "The Christians and Jews love their God is almighty, and does just what wives and children and care for them He pleases. And not only so-He is in sickness, but among us Moslems is supremely and infinitely jealous of neither love nor mercy." His power, and has not given any of it to any of His creatures. Man The exceptions are usually to be has not really any power of any kind. found among those who are unortho- He has no control whatsoever over dox in many of their beliefs. any part of his being or actions, God having fore-decreed every thought, Islam contains some true principles, word and deed, good and bad, in the whole chain of events that appear to but thes'e are deprived of power to

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI 12,3

MISSIONARIES IN A TRIPOLITAN CARR1AGE determine any act. And not only did repentance, repentance being futile. He fore-determine them all, but it lf called to repent he answers "Inwas He, and He alone,., who per- shallah." It is the ever-ready excuse formed them in every detail. Man is for the grossest dereliction of duty. in no real sense responsible for any of his acts, for he has no share in The meaning of the word Islam to their performance, any more than the the Moslems in general is, surrender pawn on the chess-board has in the and submission in suffering the will game in which it is being used. It of God. Not surrender to doing the is almost incredible how deeply this will of God, but to suffering it. idea has entered into the mind of the Moslem, and how it permeates his At its best, Islam does not know whole life. It kills all natural as- the true God as revealed in the Old piration after higher things; and Testament, much less the God reevery incitement to seek such is met vealed to us by our Lord Jesus by the careless reply "Inshallah"- Christ, and is impotent to raise man "If God has willed it." It leaves no to God. motive for seIf-restraint-it banishes self-reproach. After the most horrid At its worst it is darkness and fear, sins he will say "Ash yen fa; cadr and brings deepest depravity and correbbe." "What is the good; it was ruption in public and private life. God's decree." It leaves no room for Only the Gospel of onr Lord Jesus Christ, with its message of John 3: 16, can ever avail to raise Moslems out of their present terrible condition.

For over 300 years there has been work. Finding they had no very a Roman Catholic mission in Tripoli. good grounds for their opinion, and In the e.arly days, it was only a chap- full of faith in God, he sent two laincy for the Maltese settled there. workers to prove what might, or At the present time they have two might not, be done. One of these churches and several schools. They young men, Mr. Harding, who was a chemist and had also had some medical training, was to open a medi- cal mission, while his companion, Mr.

Michel, who had had experience in Tunis, and knew Arabic well, was to give himself to. the work of preach- ing the Gospel to the patients. The work prospered and increased under Mr. Harcling, and his successor, Mr.

Venables, till, when the latter retired in 1907, the annual number of at- tendances had risen to over 10,000.

The patients included men and wo- men from every part of the Vilayet, and a few from the distant Sudan and Northern Nigeria.

In 1895 a little Bible depot was opened in a much-frequented part of the city. Very few Scriptures have been sold, but it has proved an effect- ive means of reaching many who A TIUPOLITAN MAIDEN would not come to the medical mis- sion. Some thousands of Bibles, apparently do nothing among the New Testaments and Scripture por- Moslems but a little philanthropic tions with tracts have been distributed work in the schools, and at a little among Moslems and]ews.

medical mission connected with the In the same year a weekly sewing convent. class for girls was commenced by Up to 1889 no Protestant mission- Mrs. Venables, and continued by her ary work had been done in the Vi- till 1907, when the attendance had layet, and it was considered closed to risen to an average of forty. The the heralds of the Cross. children were taught plain sewing and In that year Mr. E. H. Glenny, crochet and Scripture texts and secretary of the North Africa Mis- hymns in Arabic.

sion, full of faith and of zeal for the In I907 Miss Harrald extended extension of Christ's Kingdom in the usefulness of this class by holding North Africa, paid a prospecting visit it four days a week, ami adding to Tripoli City. All to whom he reading and writing to the subjects made known his object sought to dis- taught.

suade him. Missionaries, they said, During practically the whole of the would not be allowed to remain to . last twenty years the staff of the

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI

North Africa Mission on the Tripoli In 1891 Mr. Hermann Harris esstation has consisted of two married tablished a training home for missionmission~ries with their wives and aries in Tripoli, with the object of families, and two single ladies. Their penetrating to the Central Sudan by influence and that of their work has one of the caravan routes. His men been very great and very widely ex- studied Haussa and Arabic, and for tended. A vast amount of opposition about four years did some work and prejudice has been overcome, and among both Haussas and Arabs. they have won for themselves a sure For some years the missionaries THE M1XED POPULATION OF TRIPOLI These include a Sudanese, a Turkish woman, a Jewess, .and an Arab.

place in the affections of the people. have felt that the time had come for Converts have been few-many an advance to be made, and an are agreed that it ought to be in the having come to the point of decision direction of education. The time is and shrunk from taking the step that ripe for the establishment of schools might mean persecution and separa- for both boys and girls. In the early tion from their friends. years it would have been impossible, but there is good reason for thinking Two of the converts have, how- that now there wOlild be no difficulty, ever, proved that, provided the life unless it came from the Government. be consistent, it is possible to be Indeed, for some years, many have disciples of Jesus and let it be known pleaded for the establishment of without incurring anything more seri- English schools. ous than petty persecution and the loss of a few old friends.

The Italian occupation of the Vi- Christianity might be extended in layet will very materially change the the future, in case of the establish· missionary outlook. At least one im- ment of free and safe communication portant result may be looked for. with the Sahara and the Sudan. Even The Italians will feel bound to grant, if it should eventually remain in the and assure, to all, full liberty of con- hands of the Turks, it is no longer science. The missionaries have for of any value for the propagation of years longed for this great boon. Islam, for the British and French have occupied the territories on the Whether the Italian Government south of them. All the tribes of the will limit or prohibit any further ex- region in between are already Mos· tension of missionary work is very lems. But if the Italians succeed in problematical. The word "propa- making effective their occupation of ganda" has a very ugly sound in the country as far south as Murzuk, Italian ears. In the coast towns they it will be a splendid center from will almost certainly grant the same which to conduct a work for Mosamount of liberty as the French al- lems in the Sahara and Wadai. Thc low in Tunis, where the missionary prospects of a railway being built may do any work he likes on his from Tripoli to Murzuk are someown hired premises. It is to be hoped what remote, but the Italians would the French law regarding schools be sure to build a good road in order will not be imitated and that they to attract the trade of the Sahara will permit the establishment of mIs- and Wadai. The journey by ordision schools. nary caravan from Tripoli to Murzuk occupies about thirty days. The post It is practically certain that they takes fifteen days. But the important will forbid missionary work in the matter here is not the length or interior until the tribes have become otherwise of the journey; free and accustomed to the presence of Euro- safe communication is the essential, peans among them. whether for trade or for missionary enterprise, and that an Italian occu- Much has been written of Tripoli pation would certainly secure. as a strategic point from whence Islam has been propagated southward in the past, and from which MISSIONS AND GOVERNMENTS Rev. Lars Dahle, of the Norwegian Mission in Madagascar, speaking on how to conserve good relations between missions and governments, said in the Conference at Edinburgh that the following points should be noted by missionaries: (1) Do not occupy yourselves too much with small irritations. (2) Do not be too hasty in your actions. Abide the right time. We must learn the art of waiting. (3) In action, do not take the difficulty to the highest officials. Get it settled locally if at all possible. (4) If you must go to the higher officials, do not let that be done by a single missionary, but by the leader of the Mission. (5) If the leader has to appeal to the Government, he must seek carefully the right occasion to do so, not when it is busy with other important matters. (6) Always take for granted the good will of the Government. Be polite, and suppose they will always be just. (7) Do not be too ready to go to the Consul of your own nation in affairs of difficulty. If a missionary can only work under the Consul he had bet~~r go home. (8) Let the Bible be our ConsuI.-Warld Conference Report, Vol. VII., pp. r60, r61.

NEED FOR BIBLE SCHOOLS IN

BY REV. WILBERT W. WHITE, D.D.

President of the New York Bible Teachers Training School OREA is eagerly cla- the work of the missions-constituting the chief work of tile missions in mK ~ mOri.ng for Bible teach- preparing the Church for its evange- ing," said Dr. Samuel listic mission. Moffatt, of Pyeng ~ Yang, in a series of 2. The experience of the mission- resolutions presented to aries in Korea during the past twentythe Federal Council of Protestant five years, perhaps more conspicuously Evangelical Missions of Korea last than anywhere else in the world, has September. These words- are not too demonstrated the value of direct Bible strong to express the eagerness of Ko- teaching in leading people to confess reans for a knowledge of the Bible. Christ and live a life of faith. The statement reads as follows: 3. The people, in unsually large "WHEREAS, With the rapid develop- numbers, want to be taught the Bible. ment of the Church in Korea, fostered Hundreds of them walk many miles as it has been in large part by the for that privilege and thousands attend Bible Training Classes, we have now Bible Institutes at their own expense. a large constituency needing fuller, more thorough and more systematic 4. The people need such teaching instruction in the Scriptures, and both for their own spiritual growth, and that they may become teachers of "WHEREAS, Without provision being the great multitudes who do not yet made for the instruction of these large know the Gospel of Christ. numbers of people eagerly clamoring for more study and teaching, it will After two summers spent in the be impossible to conserve the numbers Far East, I have come to regard and the evangelistic and spiritual char- Korea as in a real sense a strategic acter of the Church in Korea, center. It is already having tremen- dous spiritual influence in both Japan "Resolved, That we deem the estab- and China and is destined to exert lishment of Bible institutes one of the still greater power in days to come. most urgent needs for the development and proper conservation of If I had millions to invest in Christhe multitudes of converts already tian work the world over, I would gathered in Korea." put one million of it in a fund, the income of which should be used to The resolutions were adopted by promote Bible study in Korea under the council and impress us with the the direction of the Federal Council of following points as to the need of Protestant Evangelical Missions of Bible teaching in Korea: Korea. It would be an exceedingly appropriate thing to make this a me- I. Instruction in the Scriptures, of morial to Arthur T. Pierson, that the people under the care of the prince of Bible teachers who laid down churches is of supreme importance in his sword in this same land of Korea -"The Land of the Bible."

SACRIFICE*

BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL, M.D., C.M.G.

mI N thinking over this and swim with him to the bank. A subject I have come to terrible sacrifice, was it not? having the conclusion that I the opportunity of saving another's do not know anything life! about it from experi- ence. I often wonder what Jesus Christ If we gage the great- is like and wants us to be like. vVe ness of any human life by what it ac- have many pictures of Him in robes complishes, the life of Christ must and things that do not attract us, but alv:ays stand out before us as pre- give Him an effeminate look. We emment. Very often it is a question must think of Christ as the ideal of of the distance from which we look at manhood, and He wants us to be like things that makes us judge wrongly. A man puts a dollar so close to his Him. It is not enough to come to eyes that he shuts out everything. conclusions about Him; we want to People talk about sacrifice as tho to be like Him and do what He would be a Christian meant asceticism a want us to do. God wants us to be· conventional kind of unattractive're- doing things for Him. Of course, we ligion that made the following of can not all do the same things. If all Jesus Christ so unattractive in the years go~e by, and Heaven an equally the doctors were to go to Labrador unattractive place, where one had who have volunteered, there would be nothing to do. It is the opportunity to do something, to devote one's life enough to kill almost every man in to something, that attracts men today. My experience has been that if the place. you offer the ordinary young man to- Remember: There is a place for day anything to do that is worth while, he does not talk about sacri- you somewhere which God will make fice. It can never be a sacrifice to be plain. I remember Dr. Pierson once useful to God. saying a thing which interested me. He said if a turn of his hand would In one of the hospitals in Labrador make every person in the room a forthere was a little blind boy, waiting to eign missionary he would not turn it. be operated upon for cataract. He God shows men their corners. Some used to sit in his cot with his hands must stay in the summer heat; 1 outstretched, hoping that some one would rather be in Labrador; the cold would come along and take hold of is no hardship to me. But what we his hands. What he wanted was the must do, if we want to make the most touch ·of a human hand. A terrible of life and make the most of oursacrifice to give it, was it not ? Would selves in life, is to follow Jesus Christ. we rather be dancing, yachting, or anything else, would we rather, for It is a reasonable service, the serthe sheer joy of it, give the touch of vice according to our reason-that the human hand to another who hun- the best thing a man can do is to enter gers for it? Christ's service. You can say, I will not serve Jesus Christ, but you must Once on the Norfolk Broads, while admit that it is the best service in the I was looking at the water, something world; it is the happiest service. Jesus bobbed up, and I heard a shout along says, Be willing to do my will, and the bank. I realized that there was a you shall know. Doubts will fly. Is boy in the water. It was an easy there anything worth having that does thing to jump in, catch hold of the boy not mean sacrifice? Can you think of anything on earth that is really worth while that does not mean giv- ing up something else? It is very well to have things· given to us. But 'Condensed from The Record of Christian Work.

THE BIBLE SAYS OF THE HEATHEN

you can not give a man the best things comes into our hearts to make us love -honor, strength, purity, love. These Him as He loves men. things must be won. At Yale I saw a statue in honor of What we need is both the conse- a Yale student, Horace Tracy Pitkin, crated heart and the consecrated in- a man who, when he was standing betellect-not the intellect only. The fore his Chinese murderers as they mind sees the fact that men who fol- were going to kill him, left a message low Christ have the best thing in the to be taken back to his young wife and world, that men who are nearer to only child: "When my boy is old Him are better for being nearer, that enough, send him out to fill my place." men even who go near intellectually to examine and judge the Christ are This is the word of the Apostle judged by Him; but the heart must Paul: "So it is no longer I that live, be touched, touched, that God's Spirit but it is Christ who liveth in me; and may come and dwell there and that as for my present earthly life, I am we may love. Then where does sacri- living it by faith in the Son of God, fice come in? When a man is in love, who loved me and gave Himself for he will give all he has, and it will not me." Those words mean more to me be any sacrifice. The love of God than they did once. I want them to mean more still.

WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS OF THE HEATHEN BY REV. JAMES SMITH Ask of Me, and I shall give Thee the heathen.- Then said they among the heathen, the Lord Ps. 2:8. hath done great things for us.-Ps. 126 :2, 3.

The dark places of the earth are full of the The glory of the Lord is risen upon thee, and habitations of cruelty.-Ps. 74:20, the Gentiles shall come to thy light.-Isa. 60:r·3.

The idols of the heathen are the work of men's The mountain of the Lord's house shall be eshands.-Ps. '35" 5. tablished. All nations shall flow unto it.-Isa. 2:2.

The heathen think they shalI be heard for their That they may possess, all the heathen.-Amas much speaking.-Matt. 6:7. 9:11, 12.

Gentiles walk in vanity, understanding dark- All the ends of the earth shall see the salvation ened, alienated, past feeling.-Eplt. 4:17'19. of our God.-Isa. 52:10.

As many as have sinned without law shall also Thy way, known upon earth, Thy saving health perish without law.-Rom. 2:12. among a11 nations.-Ps. 67:2-5.

These. having not the law, are a law unto them- This gospel preached in all the world for a witselves.-Rom. :2:]4, IS. ness unto all nations.-Matt. 24:14.

Know that I am God: I will be exalted among That repentance and remission of sins should be the heathen.-Ps. 46:rO. preached in His name among all nations.-Luke God reigneth over the heathen.-Ps. 47:7, 8. 24:47· His righteousness hath He revealed in the sight God would justify the heathen through faith.- of the heathen.-Ps. 98, 2 (M.) He will famish all the gods of the earth.- Gal. 3:8. Zeph. 2:JI. On the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of The day of the Lord is near; it shall be the time of the heathen.-Eze. 30:3. the Holy Ghost.-Acts 10:45. I wi11 set My glory among the heathen.-E… How shall they believe in Him of whom they 39:7, 21. have not heard.-Rom. 10: 14. He shall speak peace unto the heathen; His dominion from sea to sea.-Zecho g: I o. And bow shall they preach, except sent ?-Rom.

The heathen shall know that I am the Lord, 10 :15. when I shall be sanctified in you.-Ez. 34:23. Pray be, therefore. the Lord of the harvest that As ye were a curse among the heathen, so ye He will send forth labourers.-Matt. 9 :38. shall be a blessing.-Zecho 8: 13. It pleased God to reveal His Son in me, that I might preach Him among the heathen.-Gal. 1:15, 16.

Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations.-MaU. 28 :19, 20.

HE heathen. Who are 1. THE CONDITION OF THE HEA- THEN.-I. They are in a state of mT they? Such were some alienation. "Separated from the life of us, but we are of God." Alienated by wicked works, washed. Heathenism and their minds at enmity with God. is simply the condition . of all who are "with- 2. A state of darkness. Over these out God in the world," dark places of the earth the Sun of whether their skin be black or white, Righteousness has not yet arisen. whether they be civilized or barbarous. Satan still blinds their minds.

3. A state of lawlessness. Rom. 2: greater part hath never yet heard its testimony. 12.) Having not the Divine law they S. As interceding ones we are to will not be judged by it. "The ground plead. We are priests unto God. The priest acted, not only for himself, but of judgment is their works, the stan- for those who were without. Are we remembering the heathen without as dard of judgment is their knowledge." we ought when we come before God?

4. A state of cruelty. Whcre God 6. As sent ones we are to go. The missionary spirit of many has not got is unknown, the love of God is un- beyond this: "Here am I; send him."

seen. Beware of those who would 7. .As sanctified ones we are to man- ifest. If God is not sanctified in us cruelly murder your faith. . He will not be known to others in all 5. A state of idolatry. Man will the fulness of His grace. A dying girl once said, "I want to go to Mr. worship. If he has no revelation of Whitefield's God." See 2 Cor. 5: 10, God he will make a representation of II.) God. Idols are not always the work III. THE FUTURE OF THE HEA- THEN.-For them there is a good time of men's hands, but frequently the coming. The offer made in Ps. 2: 8 to the Christ has been accepted by work of men's brains. Him, and is now being endorsed by His body, the living Church. The 6. A state of vanity. Vain imag- heathen shall be His inheritance.

inations characterize all ignorant wor- 1. They shall see the salvation of the Lord. When? When the Lord shipers. Great thoughts are not Sa- shall make bare His holy arm in the eyes of all the nations. viors. To be without Christ is to be 2. They shall know the Lord. without hope. Blest time when the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdoms 7. A state of death. "Past feeling" of our God and of His Christ.

is the last and hopeless stage of the 3. They shall be blessed with peace. He shall speak peace-the peace of disease. "Mortification." Doomed. God. He shall judge among the na- tions, and they shall learn war no y Oll hath He quickened who were more. (Isa. 2: 4).

dead. In a case like this all human 4. They shall witness for the Lord. What a glorious testimony will be remedies are useless. theirs when the divine light has flooded those dark places hitherto full II. THE CHRISTIA.N'S OBLIGATIONS of the habitations of cruelty.

TO THE HEATHEN.-These obligations 5. They shall worship the Lord. When He shall have put down all rule are very real, and spring out of our and all authority and power, the idols will have gone to the moles and the relationship to Christ Himself. 1. As bats. "He must reign." (I Cor. IS: saved ones we are to bless. HI will 24·) 6. The glory of the Lord shall be save you, and ye shall be a blessing" among them. "I will set My glory (Zech. 8: I 3 🙂 . Blessed and made a among the heathen." (Ezek. 35: blessing (Gen. 12 :2). Saved to be 2r.) As the gift of God to Christ they also shall behold His glory. All satisfied, sanctified, and made the sa- nations shall call Him blessed.

viors of others.

2. As illuminated ones we are to at- tract. We are God's lanterns. The light hath shined in our hearts that we might give the light. (2 Cor. 4: 6.) How are the heathen to come to thy light if they never see it? Let your light so shine, etc.

3. As taught ones we are to in- struct. God's wav is to be known be- fore His saving- health can be en- joyed. Paul delivered that which he had received from the Lord. (I Cor.

II: 23.) Have you?

4. As witnessing ones we are to tes- tify. Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord. It is the work of the Spirit to convict; it is the work of the witness to declare. The Church is the wit- ness, the court is the world, but the

A MOSLEM ON MATfuMONY ANn nlVOltCE*

BY M. FADIL, ATBARA AM an Egyptian, and band is generally a few years older than the wife. And are they wrong? mI speak of that which is Nay! surely they have right on their customary in my land; side. They leave the youth to put yet I wait to be shown forth his efforts in learning a business, that the Moslems of and when he is able to earn a com- India, of Yemen, of petency they then present to him a Syria, or of Persia are maiden, who, having arrived at the in any better case. years of discretion, has learned to manage her own house, to have no There is no doubt that marriage is fear of the darkness of her chamber essential to the world's welfare. It is by night, nor her loneliness by day, also the axle upon which turns the who is fully developed mentally and millstone of life for good or evil. Do physically, knows her own mind and I exaggerate in stating that the length can direct her actions, who will be of a man's life is dependent upon it? prepared to intelligently receive her For if a man is unhappy in his mar- child when it comes into the world. ried life his griefs and sorrows eat In a word, a maiden capable of filling into his life, and it therefore remains a her position and pleasing her husband. true saying, "Half of the dwellers in the tombs are those who were unhappy I know a man who married his son in their married lives." to a girl and they were both so young that you would laugh at the idea of Early Marriages their being man and wife, if I told their ages. The father was continually The first step in our faulty marriage bothered in settling their childish dissystem is that of marrying boys of putes, until one day he said, "I repent thirteen to girls not more than ten not that I married my son so young, years of age, as is the custom. This but that I was ever married myself custom is like making a fire of tender and begot him." green branches; you benefit not by its warmth, but you suffer much from it3 I know another man, so poor he smoke. would ask alms but for shame, who was married very young, the son of How many of us have suffered from poor parents, who left him with this cause? The excuse given for it neither money nor education worthy is that it is to preserve our youth from of the name. He is now thirty years impurity. But what a feeble excuse! of age, and has twelve children; he Silence were better than such. If par- can not support them, neither can he ents but knew their duty to their chil- get rid of them. dren they would have them thoroughly educated on the basis of the true rc- This, then, is the beginning of the Iigion [Islam.-Ed.] and would not trouble, and has no connection with reneglect their home-training, then they ligion, being merely custom. Our would never think on these matters, Prophet did not marry until he had and if mentioned in their presence reached maturity and was able to earn would not understand. I know youths an honest living, and he is the best of twenty years of age who are inno- of examples. cent, and in all such cases it is due to the careful attention paid by their par- The Veil ents to their up-bringing. The second step in this evil course Look at the vVestern nations and is "The Engagement," and the cause you will find that they rarely give their of this evil js the Veil. [In its widest daughters in marriage until they have sense, i.e., the seclusion of women.- reached their twenty-first birthday, Ed.] I had decided after noting what and what is still better is that the hus- • Translated from an article in El Carl/dah, a Cairo daily paper.

happened to the late reverend "De- one could either buy or sell. Thus, in fender of Women" (Qasim Bey Amin)i every point he has been taken in, and that I would avoid hurting the sus- he is the victim of a complaint for ceptibilities of the veiled ones. And which there is neither living hope nor yet I can not see my way to avoid all blest death. All this is brought about mention, in treating on the miseries we by forbidding the bridegroom to see have to suffer by the existing method the bride-elect. I do not ask that he of enga~ement. should be allowed to company with her. It has been said to me by one It is ~ell known that what is con- in whose wisdom I trust, and who sidered lJieauty depends upon personal stands high as an expounder of re- tast~. –that which Zeid appreciates in ligious truth, that it is allowable to the appearance of Hind, Bekr dislikes. the bridegroom to see the face and How many are there whose choice hands of the bride-elect. If this is a would be a small girl well covered? true saying, and I do not doubt it, How many would prefer a tall thin what business have fathers denying to girl? Then in the choice of character an aspirant to the hands of their -one likes in a girl quietness, gravity, daughters what the sublime law perand intelligence; another prefers a mits? stylish, lively girl, brilliant in conversation, and so on through the whole Our Eastern Christian brethren used range of taste. to be tied by this custom as we are, both Syrians and Copts, but they have All these fancies and points of ap- in a large measure freed themselves preciation one has to commit, in ac- from these bonds, and gone far toward cordance with custom and the tyranny true freedom, and left us behind, cap- of the Veil, to a woman called a tives to barren customs. Go, then, 0 "Khatabah" (engager); you might if Egyptian Moslems, to one of their you willed call her a "Khatiah" (sin- homes, and tell me on your oath what ner). One has well compared her to you see there. You will see family a saw which cuts both on the up and happiness, well-founded enjoyment; down stroke. She has no care in the you will hear the man if he swears matter except to fill her hands with the swear by the love he bears his wife, money of the bride-elect's people, and and with him this is no light oath. describes her to the bridegroom as a queen of beauty, a paragon of virtue, Divorce and in wisdom a graduate to Luqman. [The Arabian JEsop.-Ed.] And as The third step is "Divorce," allowed to wealth, she has a yearly income of by God as a warning and example, so thousands of ringing gold pieces! And that if a woman went astray she would thus the unfortunate is taken in by be divorced, and her divorce would this description; which points, if truly be a warning to others and a judgment found together in any girl, would on her, but we have taken it to us as a make her out to be one of the rarities weapon against the weaker sex, and by of the age, and one of the most charm- it degraded her. ing of all time. And on this description the deluded one puts his hand I saw a case of divorce, one of into that of the bride, and completes many, which I will relate to the reader thereby a bond which with the wise as a warning and a reminder. There can only be dissolved by death, even was a married man who had five chiltho when the bride is brought to him dren by his wife, and she was expecthe should want to scream at the sight ing another; he left her one morning of her ugliness, or when he gets to and went to his work. She got up know her he finds her a first impres- and swept her house, cleaned his sion of the picture of Satan, or when room, kneaded and baked her bread, he feels the pulse of her wealth he washed her husband's and children's finds that she has no property that clothes, cooked the food, and fed her children, and put them to bed. Much

A CHINESE ON DENOMINATIONALISM

of the night had passed and her hus- wife and children, and that the Gov- band had not returned home, and feel- ernment ought to energetically uphold ing considerable weariness after all the religious judges in this, that fathat hard work, she prepared her hus- thers should not give their daughters band's meal, placed it on the table for him, and went to sleep. About mid- to such a man, and that his friends night her husband returned, and the should show him the cold shoulder. poor miserable wife was not waiting up for him. He shouted for her, and It is told of a certain man, that he she related to him what we already know, whereupon he became angry, had a dog, and he used every day to and flew into a passion, and divorced give it a loaf· of bread. It used to eat her with the triple divorce [irrevocable.-Ed.] and turned her out of the half, and carry away in its mouth the house with her children, leaving her other half, and leave the house. The to make her complaint, if she wished, man wanted to know where the dog to the Qadi [religious judge.-Ed.J, hid the remainder, and so one day he and you know with what treatment followed it, and saw it go into a ruined she would meet there. house, where was a bitch in a weak state of health with a litter of puppies. This is one of many examples. Can He laid his remaining half before her. God be pleased, He, who is the merci- She ate it and gave him a grateful look for his deed; this look was all he needed, and left her.

ful, the Compassionate, that we per- Compare the deeds of this dog with secute poor weak women thus? And the deeds of men, and yet man ceases His hono'red apostle (Mohammed) . not to boast that he is more exalted said: "Have faith in God in respect than the dumb creatures.

of the weak ones. . . ." Surely not! The Prophet has said, "The most for God requires gentleness of us, not hateful to God of the things He perhard-heartedness. Some reformers mits is divorce."

say that the fault of all this lies at Go then, with your Lord, to the the door of the religious judges, as court of the religious law, and look they ought to look into the reasons for at the Moslem wives who have been divorce, and not to verify a divorce divorced by their husbands; you will unless those reasons are in accordance see their pale cheeks, their eyes all with the religious law. swollen with tears; you will see them But I do not agree with this, as I standing with their children round think that a man who would divorce them crying with hunger and fatigue.

his wife for a slight reason or no rea- And think of all they suffer from the son at all is not worthy of the privi- underlings of the courts and the un- lege of marriage, and the judge ought principled agents before ever they to confirm the divorce, and make the reach the judges. All this is the ef- man responsible for the support of the fect of divorce.

A CHINESE ON DENOMINATIONALISM * ~C HINESE' both Chris- we are engaged in one great cause, rJ tian and non.christian, and working for one great Master. ~ do not understand de- When a man can not find reasons to nominationalism. Vire explain a thing, naturally he will explain it with false reasons: false de- can 110t explain the ductions and bad results will soon be reason why the Church the fruits. This is exactly so in China. ~ must be divided into so many separated denominations, espe- The Christian workers, after com- cially when we come to think that . paring this denomination with that, • From China's Young Me".

can see only the good part of the this all-important question. I am sure worldly affairs in this or that denomi- they will not be disappointed.

nation. One Christian will say "I fol- Speaking plainly, we would like to low Paul," and another, "I follow see in the near future a united Chris- Apollos." The non-Christians, after tian Church without any denomina- investigating the different denomina- tional distinctions. This may seem tions, will say, "Ah, this represents somewhat peculiar to at least some of England; this, France; this, America. you. But, friends, do not forget to It is a fair proof that they are not view us from our standpoint, and if working for spiritual affairs, but their you fail to do that, the Chinese people selfish worldly affairs." . will always remain as a mysterious The Edinburgh Conference decided people to you.

to do something toward the union of In dealing with such a great prob- the different denominations. In the lem, one is naturally led to consider the conference one of the three Chinese following points: delegates spoke so enthusiastically on 1. Why do we want such a union?

this most important subject that his 2. Is such a union possible?

speech received the loudest applause. 3. Is it desirable?

"Here is this magnificent speech by 4. Is it timely?

Ch'eng Ching-yi: 5. Is it an ideal to be aimed at?

I count as one of the most gracious 6. Will such a union be lasting?

blessings that God has bestowed upon 7. How is such a union to be ac- the church in China in recent years, complished?

the spirit of unity. Something has To these questions I will try to an- already been done in the way of Chris- swer very briefly.

tian federation. The result is at once I. Such a union is needed for these practical and remarkable. It is a great reasons: (a) Things that really help blessing for the church in China to- forward the growing movement of the day, and it will be a much greater self-support and self-government of blessing for the church in the days to the church are heartily welcomed. A come. united effort, both spiritual and phys- As a representative of the Chinese ical is absolutely necessary. (b) Speak- church I speak entirely from a Chinese ing generally, denominationalism has standpoint. We may and we may not never interested the Chinese mind. He all agree, but I feel it my duty to pre- finds no delight in it, but sometimes he sent before you the mind of the Chi- suffers for it! (c) Owing to the pow- nese church as frankly as possible. erful force of heathenism from with- The Christian federation movement out, and the feebleness of the church occupies a chief place in the hearts of from within, the Christians are com- our leading men in the church, and pelled to unite in the building up and they welcome every effort that is made defense of the church.

toward that end. This is notably car- 2. From the Chinese standpoint ried out in the provinces of Sze there is nothing imoossible about such Ch'uan, Shan Tung, Honan and Chih a union. Such difficulties as may be Li. In educational work, evangelistic experienced will be largely due to our work, and so on, all the churches Western friends, and not ourselves.

joined hand in hand, and the result of These difficulties are possibilities only, this is most encouraging. and must not be allowed to over- Since the Chinese Christians have shadow the advantages of the union I enjoyed the sweetness of such a unity, speak of.

they long for more, and look for yet 3. In China, and for the Chinese, greater things. They are watching such a union is certainly desirable.

with keen eyes, and listening with at- China, with all her imperfections, is tentive ears for what this conference a country that loves unity in both na- will show and say to them concerning tional and family life.

MISSIONARY'S OWN SPIRITUAL LIFE

4. There is no time more important 7. I would, if you will allow me, than the present. These days are days make one suggestion, i.e., that this of foundation from both political and conference will recommend that the religious standpoints. The future Continuation Committee, when ap- China will largely depend upon what pointed, make further and careful. in- is done at the present time. This is vestigation, will consult all the leading a time of unspeakable responsibilities, Chinese pastors and Christian workers, and we have to be most careful of and obtain from them a free and frank what we now do. expression of their opinion as to the 5. This is the partial ideal church. . need of such a united effort, and the The Church of Christ is universal, not best methods to bring it about. For, only irrespective of denominations, but after all, it is not your particular dealso irrespective of nationalities. "All nomination, nor even your particular one in Christ Jesus." "The world is," to use a Chinese expression, "one fam- mission, that you are working for, but ily, and China is a member of that the establishment of the Church of family." Christ in China that you have in view.

6. Will such a united church in I hope that this conference will not China remain unbroken forever? is a allow the present opportunity to pass question I can only answer by saying, away without taking some definite ac- "I do not know!" But what it will do tion. itself is one thing, and what we press it to do is another. We can only deal In conclusion, let us go up with our Divine Master on the top of Mount with what is to hand to-day, and the Olivet, and there obtain a wider, unknown future will settle its own af- broader, and larger view of the world's fairs! need.

THE MISSIONARY'S OWN SPIRITUAL LIFE * EY THE REV. DONALD FRAZER·, UR Lord has taught us ent work whose triumph is the glory of these days. This bold conception EOJ that our work is in that God is pledged to us is the first partnership with Him thought for the missionary. Luther "all the days." When was so bold that in the time of great the disciples opened crises he cried, "Lord, Thou are im- their campaign we read periled with us." The mission is His; that they went every- it is for His Kingdom we work, therewhere, "the Lord working with them." fore the King is involved-defeat The ages have confirmed the testi- would be His shame, victory His glory. mony, that God has joined Himself in a gracious fellowship with His mis- In the days when Hudson Taylor sionaries. first received the impulse to evangelize inner China, he believed that God had It is necessary, then, that we should said to him, "I am going to evangelize recognize and with all diligence cul- Inland China, and if you will walk tivate this Holy companionship, for we with me I will do it through you." fight not against flesh and blood, and No less does God come to us with a tho we have all the weapons which in- great commission-a service too high tellect and world power may give us, for us-but He says, I shall do it this work can not be done save as we through you, if you will walk with me. allow God to work through us. This has been the secret of all the persist- For us, then, the matter of most im- * From the Bombay Guardian.

portance is that the companionship of sity, or custom, the more friendly and God be an actual and controlling ,fact. welcome they are. The intense and absolute seeking of God lies at the very root of our power Our public life must first be preto serve. I have never read of mis- faced by a private life with God. siOIiary or saint who left the footprints Here is the most solemn danger that of God behind him, and yet walked is always about us in these strenuous alone; but behind, within, all-encom- days. passing the lives of those whose memory still shines as the stars in the Even Paul himself feared lest he firmament, has always been entire de- should be a castaway while yet so votion to God. Zinzendorf cried, "I prominently the Apostle to the Genhave one passion, that is He, He only," tiles. How much more we! In the and to~day we have the Moravian mis- foreign field saintliness is no easier sions. Henry Martyn's bright track is than in the home; nay, to follow God full of such devotion: "I am born for needs ten times more watchfulness. God only, I wish to have my whole There are many who find death here soul swallowed up in the will of God," at the very front. and it was this desire for the personal God which gave him his great spiritual The Church Missionary Society, in sensitiveness, their regulations, say: "Let one or two hours daily be given to private com- The degradation of heathenism and munion with God and prayer and readthe neglect of Christ may cease to ing Scripture. Let it be actual commove us to shame or pain. We grow munion-converse with God in soliaccustomed and insensible. But while tude, real pouring out of the heart be- Martyn lived, the personal Christ was fore Him, real reception from His fu1so near and so dear to him, that in a ness." very real way he carried the stigmata of Christ. To a Mohammedan who We know how hard this is. Time's was speaking flippantly of Christ he divisions are so little respected in these said, "I could not endure existence if lands. The needs of our workers, and Christ was not glorified: it would be attention to a hundred details, the perhell to me if He were to be always petual interruptions, the early start of thus dishonored." The Persian was public service, these all militate against amazed at this, and asked why? And the regular observance of private times Martyn replied: "If anyone pluck for seeking God. Yet there is not one out your eyes there is no saying why of us but has learned that these soliyou feel pain; it is feeling. It is be- tary times are absolutely necessary, cause I am one with Christ that I am and that Sabbaths of devotion are abthus dreadfully wounded." solutely necessary. If in our zeal for His Kingdom we give the King no How often we miss true and con- time to come to us and reveal Himstant union because we only seek it for self, we forget that He controls and the needs of our service! When the all the glory is to be His. If we have Sabbath comes round, in the special no time to wait for the revealing of services we dread our helplessness, and His will to us we shall outrun our for our work's sake seek His Holy duties, and be guilty of presumptuous fellowship. For true abiding, God sin. The anxieties are too great, but must be sought for personal need. If we should give Him time to let His we would find Him we must seek Him peace float over us. The enemies are not as ministers for our work, but as too many, but we should not be ever sinners for His own sake. Friendship facing them, that we can not look at is best kept up even among men by the Captain by our side. We shall frequent visits; and the more free and utterly fail if bustle allow us the feelintimate these frequent visits, and the ing of loneliness. We shall gloriously less occasioned by business, or neces- triumph if faith and waiting on God give us the certainty of His alliance with us.

EDITORIALS

THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT makes the lesson of the book doublv I F God will show me anything that important. It is another missionary I can do for the redemption of the parable: world that I have not yet undertaken, by His grace I desire to under- 1. A great heathen city so corrupt take it at once, for I can not, I dare that its wickedness was an appeal unto not, go up to judgment until I have God for interference. No man or nadone the utmost God enables me to do tion is so wicked as to be outside of to diffuse His glory throughout the God's mercy. whole 'wide world." 2. A prophet of Jehovah is called Also I heard the voice of the Lord and commissioned to go and give God's saying, Whom shall I send, and who message to the heathen, but shrank will go for us? Then said I, Here from the task. He had no love for am I; send me.-Isaiah, 6 :8. the doomed people and desired its de- struction rather than its reformation. UNWILLING MISSIONARIES 3. Jonah, like the Jewish nation, was I s it possible that a Christian who not ready to become a preacher to the rebels at the thought of leaving heathen until he had learned the folly of seeking to escape from God and home to become a foreign mission- had by experience been enabled to ary may, nevertheless, be called of testify to Jehovah's power to save God to the work, and may be the from sin and death. He appeared in means of doing a great work in for- Nineveh as a resurrected man. His eign fields? It was true in the day of experience enabled him to preach both Jonah. Is it true to-day? The Word judgment and mercy.

of God and history both teach that no 4. The power and mercy of J e- man or woman may expect success at hovah are manifested in his dealings home when he or she refuses to obey with Jonah, with the sailors, and with God's call to go elsewhere. Some may Nineveh. The prophet was not re- achieve success in going reluctantly, sponsible for results, but only for but they can not be happy in giving doing as he was commanded.

an unwilling response to the divine 5. Jonah was taught two great les- call. sons in regard to the heathen. (I) Jonah was one of the earliest of the That God loved them and desired their Hebrew prophets of the Northern salvation. (2) That they might be Kingdom, and prophesied during dark reached by God's message of warning days in the national life-a time of and hope.

growing political strength and moral 6. Jonah was taught two great les- weakness. Jonah was a nationalist and sons as a messenger of God. (I) was bitterly opposed to leaving his The necessity of a surrendered will.

own land to preach to a foreign (2) The need for a divine pity and enemy. The repentance of Nineveh, love in the heart.

transitory though it was, served as a To-day no missionary can be happy great reproof of unrepentant Israel. or truly successful in working among It would have been more agreeable to the heathen unless he has a desire to the Hebrews to see their powerful cooperate earnestly in the plan of enemy overthrown. God for the world, and has a heart This is the only case of an Old Tes- touched by the divine compassion for tament prophet being sent to preach the Christless multitudes. He must repentance and salvation to the heath- not be moved by fear, or pride, or en, so that Jonah was the first divinely duty, but by the Spirit of Christ.

appointed foreign missionary. This To-day God calls for volunteers in

giving as well as in going. In the whether they are the result of new present age of the Spirit, God moves awakenings and stirrings of God's men by inward impu'lse rather than by outward compulsion to do His wilL Spirit, or merely sudden spirts and The cross is not laid on men, but they are asked to "take it up." flashes, it is difficult to say. Two A NEW ORDER OF LIFE things, however, we may know! First, whatsoever is of God can not PERHAPS the best thing about come to naught. That which begins the new progressive "movements" small and has the germ of divine life of the day is that they show that so that it. grows to large proportions some men and women are awake is worth while, but that which begins and that they will wake up other large as the result of sudden expan~ sleepy members of the Church. Many sion .due to human energy and inflaof these will, no doubt, go to sleep tion is doomed to a sudden collapse. again; but if the Spirit of God is Christianity began in a germ of life, in the work, the movements can so did the Reformation, the modern not fail to produce permanent re- missionary campaign and every great sults. Machinery can not move with- movement. out power; and the need of Christians, the need of the Church and the Second: There is undeniable evineed of the world is a tremendous dence of the great growth of foreign spiritual revival with the power that missionary interest in the Church, at accompanies it. With this also will home, and in the fields abroad. This come a new vision of God, a new is especially discernible if we study surrender to Jesus Christ, a new view the Church and the world of to-day in of the world, a new ideal for the comparison with conditions one hun- Church, a new love for man, a new dred years ago, and it is clearly seen realization of relative and absolute even in the study of decades. values of time, influence, strength and money, a new purpose in life, a new Take the dissemination and study faith in eternal verities, a new passion of the written Word of God. In 1800 for the extension of the Kingdom of there were only fifty translations of God. the Scriptures, and they were only available in languages understood by JUDGING MISSIONARY PROGRESS about one-tenth of the human race. In 1880 there were 250 translations, and W Eare, as a rule, too 111uch in the in 19IO the vVord of God is founel in midst of the fight to be able to six hundred languages and. dialects, judge correctly how the battle goes. making it available to nine-tenths of A temporary minor defeat may as- mankind. Bibles are printed and dissume large proportions in our eyes or tributed by the ten million by Bible an apparent victory may in reality be societies each year. the precursor of a retreat. Only God can judge correctly the relative value Politically, there has been a great and importance of events and signs of change in 1880 in nominal Christian the times, but students of history and governments ruled only in Europe and of God's Word may discern the tend- the eastern coast of North and South encies and progress of periods of America. To-day they rule practitime when their point of view is suffi- cally the whole world, with the exciently removed fr0111 the smoke and ception of the Turkish Empire, Pernoise of battle. sia, China, Japan, and a portion of Central Asia. These non-Christian It is difficult to tell whether the lands are also largely under Christian Church and the kingdom is further influence, and know that they must advanced, or has retrograded since abide by the laws of the Christian na- January, 19II, or January, 19IO. tions. Great movements there have been, but The increase in missionaries is re- markable, tho inadequate. In 1800 there were seven Protestant foreign missionary societies, in 1880 there famous preacher, Horace Bushnell, were seventy, and to-day there are gives the following list of those who over four hundred. The foreign mis- are exempt: sionaries in 1800 numbered 170, in 1880 they had increased to 2,500, and The man who believes that men without to-day there are over 22,000. One Christ are not lost and do not need a hundred years ago this month the first Savior. Protestant foreign missionaries sailed from America, to-day there are over The man who believes that Jesus Christ 7,500 in the non-Christian lands. had no right or reason when He said: "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel In 1800 there were no Protestant to every creature." native Christian workers, to-day there are nearly 90,000 of them. One hun- The man who believes the Gospel of dred years ago there were only about Christ is not the power of God unto salva- 50,000 converts from pagan and Mos- tion, and can not save all who believe. lem peoples, in 1880 there were 1,800,- 000, and to-day there are nearly 5,- The man who wishes that missionaries 000,000 communicants and their fam- had never come to our ancestors, and that ilies in Protestant churches alone. we ourselves were still heathen.

So we might show the growth in The man who believes that the best giving, in the circulation of mission- motto is "every man for. himself," and, ary books, and periodicals, in the de- who, with Cain, asks, "Am I my brothvelopment of medical missions and er's keeper?" women's work, in the progress of Christian education in heathen lands, The man who wants no share in the final and in the progress of Bible study, victory of Christ and the glory of His and mission study at home. Surely kingdom. it is evident to the most careless and prejudiced observer that the kingdom The man who believes he is not accountof God is progressing under the influ- able to God for the time, talents, and ence of His Spirit. There is no en- money entrusted to him. terprise on earth that ever showed such power, such progress, such vital- The man who is prepared to accept the ity as that of Christian missions. final sentence from Christ: "Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye REASONS FOR NOT GIVING TO did it not to Me."

MISSIONS 'vVe might include all those under the two reasons: T HERE are conscientious Christians who seem honestly to believe that (I) Those who have no faith in they ought not to give to foreign missions and some who even believe that Christ, and His Gospel, and (2) those they can not afford to' contribute who have received nothing and theretoward church and gospel work at fore have nothing to give. home. They hold that with a small income their family requires all for rent, No man can judge for another how food, clothing, education, and to pro- much time or money he should give vide against sickness. If they can to the Master's cause, or where he give any outside their own family, they have poor relatives, or their local should invest what he gives, but church takes all, or obligations for there are two principles that are safethe poor and unfortunate in the cities guards: ( I) Every Christian should and frontiers of America take all they give something, a definite proportion, feel they can spare. of his time and money, unselfishly to promote the kingdom of God; we are There may be some who can not, stewards of whom an accounting will ought not to give to missions. The be required, and God blesses the faithful stewards. If we have a mind and heart to care for His interests, and to advance His Kingdom, He will care for us and see that the other nec- essary things will be added unto us.

(2) Every Christian should seek, by a study of the needs of men and by yie1dim; to the impulses of the Spirit of God, to learn where he can best use the time, strength, talents, and money that God has entrusted to him. This study of men's needs, and this prayerful inquiry of God, will keep us from misappropriations. God more for work at home, and that impresses different men and women those where a missionary spirit prewith different needs and opportuni- vails have the largest congregations ties. If you fail to respond, you are and the most active home audiences, responsible for failure at that point and are most devoted to their pastors. where God would have you supply the lack-it may be in work for Jews, or A contemporary gives an instance negroes, or" outcasts, or Indians, for from the history of a small Oeveland Hindus nr Chinese, Koreans or Afri- church: cans. By the prompt response of each Christian to the movings of God's Four years ago, when the pastor Spirit the work of the world will be first entered upon the work, he andone, the needs of men will be sup- nounced his intention of aiming for a plied. thousand dollars for missions on his first missionary day. There were A PASTOR'S MOVEMENT NEEDED those who thought it was foolish, but the church reached the mark. The T HE pastor is the key to the situa- next year the aim was raised to tion in the local church. If the pas- $1,500, and the third year to $2,000. tor is not vitally interested in world- Each year the proposal was realized wide missions, to the extent of whole- in actual cash. Last year the day was hearted advocacy and leadership in fixt for the first Sunday in November, giving, to the extent of self-sacrifice, a month earlier thim usual, partly then the hands of the church-members owing to the fact that the place of are practically tied so far as any act- worship has been sold, and the conive aggressive work as a church is gregation has shortly to look for anconcerned. other building. They had prospered in the mean time. The pastor's aim We have young people's missionary was for $2,500. Not only was this movements, laymen's movements, and reached, but the new year was opened women's movements, and now what with an offering of over $2,600 in is needed is a pastor's movement. cash and pledges, and it has since Many able and consecrated ministers gone up beyond this point. lack the education, the broad vision, the experience to make them realize This amount is given by a memthat coldness or half-hearted zeal bership of 230. and by a people who toward world-wide missions saps the congregationally would be rated as a vitality of their own spiritual lives poor church. No methods such as and hinders the prosperity of their fairs, sales and other subterfuges are churches. A man can not be close to employed to "raise" the money, the the Master without having- a vital in- approved method is that of putting terest in that which is nearest the the hand in the pocket and raising it Master's heart, and a church which is with its free-will gift. There is no indifferent to the claims of the Great canvassing of the members, but a spir- Commission can not expect God's itual ministry begets spiritual life, and blessing on the spiritual, social, or spiritual life can not long continue financial condition of the local church. withOtlt the missionary impulse and joyful giving. Not more machinery, This pastor's mIssIonary move- not new methods. but Sl)iritual quickment should colIect the facts in refer- ening is the thing that is needed ence to the experiences of churches in among- tIS all-pastors and laymen giving to home work and to foreign alike. "Go thou and do likewise." missions. Many pastors do not know the facts, they do not realize that ex- CORRECTION-In the at"tide on Missionary Assets perience proves that churches which and Liabilities in January (page 19), mention is give generously to work abroad have made of "The Evangelical Union of South Amer- ica." This referred to a union of missions at the home base, not of cburcbes on the field.

AT THE BOMBARDMENT OF

WORLD .. WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS CHINA to be sent to England some forty years ago. He is a nominal Chris- China's Stron~ Men tian. Was not missionary money well invested in these cases of Chinese edu- S OMETHING may be said for for- cation? eign missions when so many of the new men of influence in China are Yuan-Shi-Kai on Christian Mi..iona in such close relations with missionaries. Yuan-Shi-Kai is himself a Con- Y UAN-SHI-KAI, Prime Minister fucianist, but his children were educa- of China, said to the missionaries ted by a London Missionary Society when Governor of Shantung: "You teacher and his four sons are now in have been preaching in China many the L. M. S. college at Tientsin, to years, and, without exception, you exwhich Yuan himself gave money for hort men concerning righteousness. a building. Wong Chung, head of In establishing your customs, you the great Chinese steel works at Han- have been careful to see that Chinese kow, is the son of a London Mission- law was observed. In regard to your ary Society pastor, and Dr. Sun Yat presence in this province, I willingly Sen, the organizer of revolution and testify that it makes for good, and gatherer of money for its equipment, that the teaching you impart is calwas a student and took his doctor's culated to benefit all who may emdegree in the L. M. S.'s medical brace and follow its precepts. Moreschool at Hongkong. vVu-Ting-Fang over, its effects upon our people are also, who holds the office of Foreign beneficial, and do not in the least in- Secretary to the Republican party, was terfere with their duties as subjects of one of the first of the Chinese students the empire and law-abiding citizens." Such words are very significant and

encouraging from the man who seems tian institution, and the Chinese studestined to become the first president dents are to be given a mere secular of the United States of China. education, similar to that given by Real Cause of the Rebellion the great universities of Western lands. Thus it can not take the place THE Christian Advocate puts the of the higher schools of learning es- situation thus: "It is interesting tablished in connection with mission- ary boards. It rather emphasizes t? know that the Chinese, and espe- their importance and the necessity of increasing them rapidly. CIally the Manchus, have an instinctive feeling that the origin of the present uprising is clue to the introduction of that strange leaven, called the Gos- A "Tea-House" Mission pel. Hence the conservative element A CORRESPONDENT of the in the long run must oppose the Gos- Chinese Recorder describes a pel, and the progressive element must "tea-house" mission in the city of Kaoyuchow. A large number of welcome it. Both the revolutionists men have decided objections to attendand the Government are earnestly op- ing meetings in chapels; and just as posed to outside interference in this at home many who can not be reached family quarrel.

Eradicating Opium from China by ordinary methods will be persuaded T HE British Foreign Office, in one to attend an evangelistic meeting held of its recent papers, publishes a in a theater, so in China such as lareport of Sir Alexander Hosie as to bor under similar objections may be China's progress in suppressing the reached by meetings in a tea-house, cultivation of the poppy. Five prov- which is the place of resort for all inces, in which it has been a heavy classes of the male population. The crop, were visited by this investigator mission was well attended, some 400 during 1910-1 I. He found a decrease to 500 being present each fine evening, of 25 per cent. in Kansu, of 30 per and quite a number of men having to cent. in Shensi, of 75 per cent. in Yun- stand on the street.

nan, and practical extinction in Shan- A Great Educational Center si and Szechwan. The last-named province used to furnish nearly half N ANKING is one of the leading the opium produced in China. educational centers in China. For hundreds of years the literati from Chinese University for Hankow three provinces-Kiangsu, Anhwei THE Central China Post says that and Kiangsi-have periodically come the proposed university for the to Nanking to take the examinations.

Chinese at Hankow, under the joint According to tables prepared in auspices of English and American 1909 there were more than 7,500 stu- universities, was to be ready to re- dents, male and female, in govern- ceive students in 1913. If present ment, private and mission schools in financial plans are successful, it will Nanking. The mission schools were have an endowment of $1,25°,000. founded here before there were any Rev. W. E. Soothill, formerly presi- modern government schools, and they dent of the Imperial University of have been influential in establishing Shansi, who has been appointed as educational standards for the city.

president, expects to visit England The University of Nanking, which and America. The scheme for the represents a union of educational in- establishment of the Hankow Univer- stitutions of the Methodist Episco- sity originated with the universities of pal Church, the Presbyterian Church Oxford and Cambridge, but has since (North), and the Disciples of Christ, been taken up by American universi- is recognized by the Chinese as lead- ties. While under Christian auspices, ing in the educational work of the it is not to be an aggressively Chris- city.

I912] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

A Memorial Christian Han posed of pastors and members of various churches. The union con- RECENTLY there was dedicated at ducts home missionary operations, Shanghai, a memorial Christian and it is intensely in earnest in hall costing $20,000. It was the gift evangelistic work. But its battle-cry of the children and grandchildren of is, "Independence for the Chinese Pastor Bau, one of the devout preach- Church." It looks askance at control ers of China; his sons and grandsons by missions or by churches in foreign are connected with the Commercial lands. It bemoans the attitude of Press, the largest printing establish- many preachers and agents toward ment in Shanghai; they represent missionaries, characterizing them as three generations of Christians. sycophants, seeking only to please those from whom their support IS Two Other Chinese Givers drawn.

IN these days when the Christian Traffic in Girls Continues world is widening out and the Church is full of missionary zeal and IN the Denske Missions Blad menactivity, the gifts to the missionary tion is made of the traffic in girls side of the Church's life were never in China. A trader dealing in this so large as they are now, the number commodity for the Shanghai market of missionaries never so great, and came to a certain village to reconthe converts growing in influence and noiter. One mother proposed to sell power. A missionary paper states her daughter, but the trader declared the remarkable fact that a high Chi- that the girl's feet were too large for nese official recently converted is now binding and that therefore she would supporting twenty evangelists at an not do. The following night the mothexpense of $7,000 annually for the er took a hammer, and, regardless of conversion of his countrymen. An- the child's screams, attempted to beat other Chinese Christian supports a the feet so that they would be more hospital where 50,000 patients are plastic for binding. The next day she treated every year. sold her.

Brinllinll a Mandarin to Terms At the Gate of Tibet I~ Funinghsien the mandarin, which T A-CHIEN-LU is a station of the starting a girls' school, found that China Inland Mission on the Chithe only competent teacher to be ob- nese frontier of Tibet. One of the tained was the wife of the Method- missionaries stationed there has reist preacher. On engaging her at a cently made a long journey in that salary considerably greater than her almost unknown part of the world. husband's, he observed: "0£ course, Being away from his station for two you will teach on worship day." months, he traveled some 12,000 Whereat this diminutive woman drew miles through anterior Tibet, riding herself up till she seemed to add a 38I horses. He carried a supply of cubit or two to her stature, and re- Tibetan Gospels, which were clearly plied: "Nat for a thousand tae1s a printed and neatly bound and presentmonth." And the great man actually had to come to her terms. ed a: striking contrast to the Tibetans'

Aiming at Independence books, which are often blurred and in- distinct. In the Lama monasteries, THE movement toward independ- which he visited, he was usually, tho ence in the Chinese Church is not always, received in a warm and most energetic in the ports. From friendly way. He gained the impres- Shanghai emanates a monthly maga- sion that a marvelous change has zine, The Chinese Christian, issued cdme over these people, and that there by the Independent Chinese Chris- is a present glorious opportunity for tian Union, an, organization com- the circulation of the Scriptures in

Eastern Tibet. Thus the region both in Japan' and among the home firmly closed against missionaries 1S churches. The picture post-cards will beginning to open wide. also be put on lantern slides for use at home. JAPAN-KOREA Changes Seen in One Village A Serious Hindrance to the Gospel IN the village of Chang Mal, forty LARGELY on account of Govern- miles from Seoul, is a church of ment restrictions in earlier days, fifty new believers who are aggreswith reference to the residences of sively preaching Christ. Two years foreigners, the bulk of the missionary ago the heathen people of the town force of Japan is in the ten largest held a mass-meeting and decided that cities. Of 1,003 missionaries in Japan, they did not want the Christians in 572 reside in these cities, containing their town; they bound themselves an aggregate population of 5,500,000 with an oath not to accept Christ of people, while the balance of Japan, themselves, and not to rest until the with 44,500,000 people, has a total of place was purged of the foreign reonly 431 missionaries. At least five- ligion. Some of the Christians were sevenths of the Japanese Christian living in rented houses; they were leaders are also in the ten largest thrown out. Some were renting fields; cities. In other words at least, three- the fields were taken away. Some fourths of the population of Japan is were merchants; no one would buy of still unreached by missionary agencies. them or sell to them. The heathen This presents one of the greatest mis- refused to allow the Christians to use sionary opportunities of our day. the village wells. If a Christian met a neighbor, the neighbor would ignore The Methodist Church of Japan him or swear at him; if a Christian woman appeared on the street she was THREE mother churches in Amer- insulted, yet not one has renounced ica and Canada, seeing the wis- his religion. dom and feasibility of the union, granted the privilege of organizing INDIA the Methodist Church of Japan on an autonomic basis; and in the spring of The Paradoxes of India 1907 sent commissioners, invested with discretional power to organize a , 'I NDIA," says E. R. Carver, in Methodist Church, in concurrence The Missionary Witness, "is a with the lay and clerical representa- land' full of contradictions, and is tives of the Japanese churches. This hence a much misunderstood land. body then contained 87 churches, 106 ordained ministries, and a member- "This is the land of blazing light, ship of 10,738, which has since in- and yet, withal, the land of densest creased to 12,322. darkness. There is wonderful beauty with repulsive ugliness. A land of A Japanese-Korean Bible Committee plenty, full of penury. Ultra-cleanli- ness and unmentionable filthiness. AT the close of a four-day confer- There is kindness to all creatures, ence at Karuizawa, the leading combined with hardest cruelty. All summer resort in Japan, it was de- life held sacred in a land of murders. cided to appoint a Bible study commit- A people of mild speech, given to viotee for Japan, to cooperate with sim- lent language. Proud of learning, ilar committees already at work in and sunken in ignorance. Seekers for China and Korea. It was also de- merit, resigned to fate. Unbelieving, cided to appoint a representative com- and full of credulity. Belief in one mittee on the united exploitation of God, coexistent with the worship of mission work in Japan. This commit- 330,000,000 deities. Intensely religtee will prepare picture post-cards, ious, yet destitute of piety. Altoand a booklet at once, for wide use gether, India is lost humanity gone to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

seed; a diseased degenerate herb be- their tongues cut, so Manu, the great come a noxious weed. At least this law-giver of the Hindus, decreed. To- is the condition of her society." day converts from the Brahman caste are few and far between." India Census Notes Henry Drummond Memorial T HE population of India, accord- ing to the recent census, is now T HE new buildings for the dispen- about 315,000,000. The returns as to sary of the Henry Drummond religions are gradually being made Memorial Mission at Poona, India, known, and show features of great [U. F. Church of Scotland] were encouragement. In the Panjab as solemnly dedicated to the service of many as 200,000 have described them- the Master on August 5, I9Il. The selves upon the Government register services were held in the new preach- as Christians. The figures, as Canon ing hall, and were attended by about vVeitbrecht remarks, are "stagger- forty missionaries of the Church of ing," for, after making liberal deduc- Scotland, the C. M. S., and the U. F. tions for the European and Eurasian Church. The new buildings have population, including military, the been put to use since the end of April, Indian Christians of the Panjab to- but the formal dedication had to be day must number about 165,000, as postponed till the rains. The hospital against 37,000 ten years ago; that is proper is slowly progressing, in-pato say, they have increased in the dec- tients being accommodated at present ade more than fourfold. • in a galvanized iron open shed-not very attractive to Indians in a mon- What Remains to be Done soon season with chilly rainy nights.

T HO Christianity is sufficiently The Union Theological College of South rooted in India to count 3,000,- 000 of communicants in the various India Christian churches, according to Sherwood Eddy, it must be borne in mind THE first prospectus of the new that this is only about one in a hun- United Theological College at dred of the population. Out of 100 Bangalore is a most interesting docunatives 71 are Hindus, 21 are Mo- ment. It recites how missionaries behammedans, 3 are Buddhists, and I longing to four different societies is a Christian. A great and gratify- were caIled by Rev. J. Duthie, of Naing start has been made, but a mighty gercoil, to Kodaikanal in June, 1906. multiplying of Christ's foIIowers is At once a plan for a union college was necessary before India can be enrolled drawn up and submitted to the repreas a Christian land. sentatives of the various missions in South India and Ceylon. In Febru- Hi~h-caste Hindus in Madras ary, 1907, representatives of the U. F. Church, the American Arcot Mission, REV. K. R. GOPALAH AIYAR the A. B. C. F. M., the L. M. S., and writes: "The Brahman commu- the Wesleyan Missionary Society, met nity in India, more than any other, has in Madras and the scheme was apreceived benefits by the advent of the proved. The Horne Boards were will- British. Nearly eighty-five per cent. ing to cooperate, and the College of the university graduates, year after Council held its first meeting at Banyear, come from that class, and nearly galore, in March, 19IO, at which it the same percentage of the staff in was resolved to open the college in any government office, or mercantile July, 1910. Rev.]. Mathers was apfirm, are high-caste Brahmans. They pointed principal, and the college was are the hereditary priests, and are the opened in due time. Out of the sevcustodians of the Hindu Vedas, or enteen applicants for admission, only Scriptures. They alone are privileged eight were permitted to enter, and the to read the Vedas, which are written first year proved one of rich blessings in the sacred Sanskrit language, have

to professors and students. The col~ of organic union (toward consumlege is organized under a council, mating which it was our great priviwhich is made up of representatives lege here in South India to have taken from the various bodies contributing the first step) being steadily kept in not less than Rs. 1,500 a year. The view. Tho the spectacle of a united council has complete control of the Christendom is yet in the dim and finances of the college, determines the distant future, the prospect of a curriculum, and appoints professors United Church of India is looming and subordinate staff. The course of large before our eyes and is gradustudy in three years in length and in- ally taking definite shape. cludes New Testament Greek, Biblical Criticism and Exegesis, Church AFRICA History, Apologetics, Christian Doctrine, Comparative Religion, Pastoral The Present Status of Christianity Theology, and some work in the Vernacular literature. Thus the college PROGRESS of missionary work in is able to train up high-grade Indian Africa is shown by the fact that evangelists, pastors, and teachers, who in the population, estimated at 175,- will be able to lead the Christian 000,000, there are about 2,47° Protes- Church in India. tant missionaries, and. 13,089 native assistants at work. To date there are A Strate&,ic Gift about 527,000 adherents to the ChrIS- tian faith, in addition to about 225,000 T HERE came to the American communicants. These Christians have Board rooms recently a small 4,790 places of worship. There are piece of paper that tells a big story. about 200,000 pupils in about 4,800 It was a check, from a donor whose schools. N early roo hospitals minname is withheld, for $30,000, to ister to the sick and suffering, while 10 build and equip a science hall and cer- printing-presses are kept busy and the tain accessories for the American Col- Bible is supplied in all the principal lege, Madura, South India. The real languages. The largest proportion of measure of this gift is not revealed in Christian popUlation is in Uganda and naming its amount, large as that is. Cape Colony. The glad truth is that it will enable this institution at once to become a NORTH AFRICA college of the first grade according to the Government's standard, the only The Franco-German Agreement college of this rank for the entire field of South India; and it makes T HE Moroccan agreement between certain that the best education avail- France and Germany forms anable in that district will continue to other paragraph in the history of the be under Christian auspices.-Mis- African continent. Primarily France sionary Herald. remains politically supreme in ·Mo- rocco, while guaranteeing economic Church Union a Success equality and freedom of commerce for all. Germany receives from France a AT the recent third general assem- large accession of territory on the bly of the South India United frontier of the Cameroons, including Church the president said : "We access to the Kongo and its large tribhave reached that stage in the history utary the Ubanghi River. France reof the progress of the United Church ceives from Germany a small triangle that it is now no longer necessary to of land affording her better access on persuade Christian workers of the the south to Lake Chad. France may need or desirability of union. On the now possess via Lake Chad political mission field, and notably in India, sway continuously from the French China, and Japan, federal union is Kongo to Morocco and Algiers, an being pushed forward with the goal area probably as large as India and Burma, and possibly possessing po- tentialities as yet unheard of.

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A The Bible Entering Abyssinia the west coast. This mission was for BYSSINIA is one of those more many years fruitless and afflicted. or less closed countries where the Fifty-four missionaries passed to pre- printed Gospel can penetrate into wide mature graves, and 40 more returned, regions which no foreign missionary broken in health.. At the end of four is allowed to enter. A request has just decades there were but 556 converts reached the Bible House from the and 214 in the schools. In the fol- Rev. Andrew Svensson, of the Swe- lowing ten years, however, came the dish Evangelical Mission, which has turn of the tide. At present 8,274 its headquarters at Eritrea. He writes Christians are ministered to from 8 from Zasega, acknowledging the re- centers and 153 outstations. More ceipt of two cases of Scriptures, than 6,000 children attend the 164 which have reached him from the schools. At the jubilee festival in Bible Society's depot at Alexandria, Bremen, besides the 250,000 marks ·/iifi Massowah. Mr. Svensson reports which were given by German friends that certain of his society's native as a special thank-offering, 12,000 evangelists in the Galla country were marks were handed in by Pastor Aku accused for their preaching and taken of Lome. about fifteen days' march from their home in Wallaga, up to Adis Abeba, In Straits for Toilers at Luebo the Abyssinian capital. In the end they were granted liberty to read and A LETTER from Rev. W. M. Morteach the Gospel "in harmony with the rison reads as follows : "We doctrine of the Apostles and Proph- are in great straits here. The work is ets," on condition that they did not losing ground now. We can't, with attack the religious customs of the our present force, hold it together. country. And this, added to the fact that Mar- tin must leave in a few days for the WEST AFRICA home land, also Mr. and Mrs. Roches- ter. If substantial reenforcements do Moslems Petitioning for a School not come this fall-not just one or two-then I can not see, from a hu- T HE Bishop of Sierra Leone writes man standpoint, what is to become about receiving an earnest re- of this work. Within three weeks we quest for a school, which reads as shall have only II missionaries, all follows: "We, the undersigned, abo- told, left on the field, and yet this rigines, Mohammedans, and Sierra field reports an amazingly large per- Leoneans, at Kaballa, beg leave most centage of the total number of con· respectfl1lly to submit this petition for verts in all our mission fields." a resident schoolmaster and missionary for your favorable consideration. A Congregation Numbering Thousands We would bring to your notice the disadvantages that our children and T HE largest Presbyterian congrerelatives are subjected to in not hav- gation in the world [Elat, West ing a school here," etc. They go on Africa] , has connected with the Amerto remind us that this is the second ican mission. There are 6,000 memtime that such a petition has been bers and catechumens connected with sent, and plead with U5 to consider it, and the huge church holds 5,000 it fairly this time. It is signed by people. twelve names, seven of the "signatures being in Arabic. Conditions in the Kongo Mi..ion At the End of a Half.Century T HE missionaries of the Presbyte- rian Church, South, in the Kongo, T HE Kolonialen Rundschau pub- are somewhat anxious because the lishes an account of the fiftieth committee of the church feels unable anniversary of the North German to send out new missionaries until the Mission in Togo, a German colony on large debt now hanging over the mis-

sion has been paid. There seems to among the Barotsi, who have been be a most critical time in the Kongo. rather dependent upon the French New European trading companies are missionaries, by testing their spiritual coming in with the consequent evil strength and faith. moral influences,. aQd many changes are going on. The country is being From the Kongo the missionaries rapidly flooded with Belgian Catholic of the Regions Beyond Missionary priests, tho the people at heart do not Union report that the dancing craze, want them and prefer Protestant mis- which is nothing but a revival of heasionaries and the Protestant faith. thenism, has recently swept the disvVith the exception of a very small trict of Bosanla like a prairie fire and English mission, there is no Protes- destroyed the new desire in the heart tant work within 300 miles in any di- of many an inquiring lad. Together rection from the Presbyterian. Yet with the dancing goes almost always the stations of the Presbyterian Mis- the gambling. sion are not sufficiently supplied with workers, and they are without a phy- Rejoicings in Natal sician since last spring, the nearest physician being 900 miles distant. T HE most notable event in SoutH The mission shows a native member- African mission life during the ship of upward of 8,000, a Sunday- past year has been the celebration of school attendance of over 8,000, and the 75th anniversary of the coming a day-school attendance of over 9,000. of the Gospel to the Zulus. A jubilee convocation of twelve days' duration SOUTH AFRICA was held in Durban, Natal. There were united native Christian conven- Failure to Secure Church Union tions for the deepening of the spiritual life; also exhibitions of the products REV. DAVID RUSSELL, of Jo- of industrial education; harnesHnak- hannesburg, in America six ing, shoe-making, carpentry, tailormonths as member of one of the Men ing, pottery, and the fabrication of and Religion Forward Movement an admirable rustic furniture from teams, reports that American Meth- "monkey rope." Sixty thousand black odists and Congregationalists, Scotch church-members, representing a Chris- Presbyterians, and Baptists of South tian community of fully 200,000, pre- Africa tried to effect organic union in sented an address to the governorvain. Both Methodists and Presby- general. terians bolted, and so while here the evangelist, famous throughout South A Heathen Revival, Madagascar Africa as a missioner, will study the Federal Council of Churches, to see if IN the latest report of the London it may be the federated plan South Missionary Society, some particu- Africa bodies stand in need of. lars are given of the heathen revival of I909-IO, in the Betsileo province of A Revival of Heathenism Madagascar. This was an epidemic known as the "dancing mania." T HE annual report of the Paris Drink, immorality, superstition, witch- Missionary Society calls atten- craft, and imitative hysteria each had tion to a strong revival of heathenism its part in the movement. "Under its among the Barotsi, a tribe in Rhode- influence many persons of all ages sia, north of the Zambesi. One of its danced around their ancestral tombs, most peculiar signs is the great in- wandered about the moors with eyes crease of suicides. The missionaries holden as in sleep, lay down in declare that they are glad of the streams or in rivers, climbed up seemenemy once more coming into the ingly inaccessible heights, crawled open, because they can thus easier along housetops, and otherwise confight him. They also think that it ducted themselves in demented ways will be helpful to native Christians of extreme folIy and audacity. Many lost their lives by these things.

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AMERICA came under the influence of the Big Brothers in New York City, and of Federal Council of the Churches of this number only 90, or less than 4 per cent., had again got into trouble so as Christ in America to be brought a second time before the court. Of the total number, 1,208 AMONG the immediate and recent boys were cared for by members of activities of the Council the most the Movement in I9IO; 840 more noteworthy is the Commission on the were boys who were arraigned in the Church and Social Service. It has Children's Court la,st year on various permanently organized its work and charges; I47 were turned Over to the opened its offices in association with Big Brothers by institutions, and those of the Federal Council. Several 1,202 applied at the office of the moveinterdenominational conferences have ment for advice or to seek employbeen held under its auspices, and it ment. was instrumental in making Labor Sunday widely observed. Of other The World in Cincinnati committees we mention those on home missions, on temperance, and A GREAT missionary exposition is on family life. Into the hands of the to be held in Cincinnati from latter has been placed the important March 9 to April 6. Rev. A. M. Garwork of the Inter-Church Conference diner, who managed similar exposion Marriage and Divorce. A pro- tions in London and in Boston (April visional commission on peace and ar- 24-May 20, 1911) with striking sucbitration has also been appointed, and cess, is secretary of "The World in it is stated that a campaign is now Cincinnati," and the pastors and under way for the support of the Christian leaders of Cincinnati and pending arbitration treaties. neighborhood, are greatly interested in the extensive preparations which The work of the council is large are being made. An army of at least and important. five thousand stewards, men and wo- men, young and old, will be required What the Every-member Canvass Did as the staff of the exposition to man- age the visitors, to explain the ex- IN 1906 to foreign missions in $432; hibits, and to act as general interpre- in 1910 an increase to $4,306: This ters and guides. A Pageant of Darkis the remarkable record of Memorial ness and Light, like those in London Church, South, Lynchburg, Va.: and Boston, will be reproduced every afternoon and evening. 1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $432 .50 1907 …………… 1,145.00 An Unpleasant Revenue Report 1908 ……. , ……. 1,868.88 1909 …………… 3,500.00 THE report of the Commissioner of 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,306.00 Internal Revenue for I91 I is a This year they had a more thorough document not at all encouraging to and efficient organization, and more those who hope for the deliverance of people contributed than ever before. our nation from its slavery to drink They finished up the work this year and drugs. The past year has in about ten days. The other interests brought the largest production of disof the church, both financial and spir- tilled spirits ever known in the hisitual, show great advance. Even the tory of the United States. The depastor's salary was voluntarily m- cline in manufacture and use of a creased. few years ago, which seemed so en- couraging to many, has now been The Big Brothers' Movement wiped out, and former high records have been exceeded by seven million T HE Big Brothers' Movement, in gallons. One hundred and seventy- the United States, exists to benefit juvenile offenders. Last year some 2,195 boys, nearly all of whom had appeared in the Children's Court,

five million gallons of whisky and vice-president since 1903. At the like liquors were distilled within the present time he is chairman of the limits of the United States from July important Committee on Auxiliaries. I, 1910, to June 30, 1911, nineteen millions more than in 19IO, seven mil- Mr. Wood was born in New York lions more than in 1907. The produc- in 1839, and is chairman of "The tion of beer and ale increased simi- l'ive Years' Meeting of the Religious larly. Two thousand million gallons Society of Friends in America," of all kinds of liquor were with- which represents all the orthodox drawn from the government ware- Quakers in the United States and houses for consumption, which means Canada, excepting those in Philadel- that 22.29 gallons per capita were sold phia. Prominent in reform work, as and drunk. In 1907 the per capita in religious work, having extensively was 22.28, and 1907 was the year of traveled, and being well acquainted the previous record. with the work of missions in foreign lands, Mr. Wood is well suited for The commissioner reports also that the responsible office to which he has opium-smoking is on the increase, and been chosen. that opium dens are multiplying. He also complains of the tremendous vio- Dr. Barbour Resigns lation of the oleomargarine law. The whole report may well be styled an AT the quarterly meeting of the unpleasant document. Board of Managers of the Amer- ican Baptist Foreign Missionary So- THEA Shameful Case of Disunity ciety, the resignation of its foreign American Missionary gives secretary, Rev. Thomas S. Barbour, this as a well-authenticated fact: D.D., was reluctantly accepted. It The churches in the town of X, will take effect not later than May I, with the roughly estimated member- 1912, at which time Dr. Barbour will ship of each, are as follows: have rounded out thirteen years of efficient and effective service with the About great Baptist Society. His failing Methodist Episcopal. . . . .. 400 health makes it imperative that he Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . .. 300 should lay down the full and arduous Baptist …………….. 200 cluties of his responsible office. His Congregational ………. 200 retirement means a severe loss to the Disciple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 cause of missions. Episcopal …………… 50 Roman Catholic ……… 30 A Deplorable Situation Nazarene …………… 50 Free Methodist. . . . . . . . . . 50 T HE regular meeting of the execu- Seventh-day Adventist . . . . 20 tive committee of the Board of Christian Scientist (First) . 30 Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Ch ristian Scientist (2nd). . 10 Church in the United States was held Spiritualist …………. 25 on November 14. Progressive Dunkard….. 30 Other Dunkard, or Brethren 20 It then found the financial situation Millennial Dawn ……… 10 far from reassuring. The offer- ings from congregations during Sep- Total ……………… 1,575 tember and October were $IO,OOO less than the amount received during New President of the American Bible the same months in 1910. The re- ceipts for the two months were only Society $52,000, but the disbursements to meet the board's appropriations to- M R. J AMES WOOD has been taled $226,000. Already $260,000 of elected president of the Ameri- the reserve deposits have been called can Bible Society, of which he has upon to meet obligations, including been a manager since 18g6, and a the deficit of $I72POO carried over

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from last year, and the committee was to enable him to make the trip. Thus obliged to authorize further drafts these Japanese Christians showed against them in case of need before their affection and appreciation, and the next meeting. Never before in also their progressiveness. . After a the history of the board have these brief visit in New York, Mr. Uemura deposits been so largely drawn upon sailed for Palestine on December 16. so early in the year, and the treasurer is a little uneasy with reference to A Japanese Editor in America January and February payments. May the Lord open the hearts and treas- M R. MASAHISA DEMURA, who uries of the friends of this extensive has been for a few weeks on a and blest work. mission of evangelism to his country- men on the Pacific Coast, is one of the For Moslem Mi58ions most distinguished products of Pres- byterian missions in Japan. Leaving A LARGE and distinguished com- a position as professor in Meiji Ga- pany of guests gathered at the kuin to establish a theological school home of Mr. and Mrs. Eben E. Olcott, in Tokyo, he at the same time estabof New York, recently, in the interest lished The Gospel News, a most virile of work among the Mohammedans, and ably edited Christian weekly and especially in reference to the journal, which has an immense inwork of the "Nile Press," which has fluence in shaping the church. Dr. been established at Cairo for the pur- Demura has been moderator of the pose of providing a suitable literature national synod, and for years was for use throughout the Moslem world. chairman of the board of home mis- Several strong addresses were made. sions in the Church of Christ in Dr. Charles R. Watson, secretary of Japan; while at the same time ministhe Foreign Mission Board of the tering to a large church in the impe- United Presbyterian Church, de- rial capital, with an audience comscribed the opportunities now pre- posed very largely of business and sented in the Turkish dominions and professional men. Such men as Dr. the special benefit of the wide distri- Demura are the hope of the self-supbution of Christian literature. Mrs. porting, self-propagating church not S. M. Zwemer, who has recently re- only in Japan, but in all our mission turned to this country to care for her fie1ds.-The Continent. children, gave many instances of the good wrought by the distribution of The Gospel in Guatemala tracts and books already issued by the Nile Press. And Dr. Robert E. Speer D R. STANLEY WHITE, of the gave a masterly generalization of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign conditions among Moslems and their Missions, visited Guatemala during claims upon Christians. his recent trip to Central America, and says that education and religious Prominent Japanese Pastor in New York liberty have made much progress since the Roman Catholic Church has REV. M. UEMURA, pastor of the been dethroned as an ecclesiastical Fugimicho Church, Tokyo, Japan, power. The old monasteries and conreached New York in the beginning vents, which were confiscated by the of December. He is one of Japan's Government, have been turned into most learned men and a strong pillar public schools and modernized, so far in the Japanese Church of Christ. as possible. Education has been made Thirty years ago he was installed pas~ compulsory, and the teaching of Engtor of his congregation, and in cele- lish for at least two years is now rebration of the anniversary his people quired in the schools. Military, athpresented him with a large purse to letic, and industrial institutions for cover the expense of a trip. to Pales- students have been established, but tine and with a vacation long enough alas! the whole work of education is

somewhat hampered by the lack of Conditions in Panama Canal Zone well-equipped teachers. ENCOURAGING word regarding However, there is danger at the religious conditions among the present time in Guatemala, because American white population comes the people have lost faith in the ecclesi- from the Panama Canal Zone. At astical organization which in the past every important town on the route has been dominant. The Roman Cath- there is a well-established Y. M. C. A. olic churches are often sadly out of The buildings are large and equipped repair and grossly neglected. Purity with offices, reading-rooms, auditoriof life and conduct are not much um, amusement and exercise rooms, coupled with religion. There is there- and baths. Chapels are also erected fore special need for positive preach- and equipped for religious worship all ing of the Gospel in Guatemala at along the line, religious services being present. The Presbyterian mission conducted regularly by the chaplains consists of two stations, Guatemala of the commission. There are union City and Quezaltenango. There are services for all Protestants, which are five missionaries on the field, and two quite well attended. Four of the under appointment. Three native chaplains are Roman Catholic priests workers have charge of five or six and look after their members. There outstations. A paper, published in are Protestant Sunday-schools in Spanish, is widely distributed and ex- every village, and in some of these all erts a strong evangelistic influence. the school children are members. Re- Yet there is much room for more cently a Sunday-school convention work. was held. Every school in the zone was represented, and the Governor of A Christianized Indian Tribe the zone and the judge of the Supreme Court made evangelical and strong T HE Haida live upon the Queen addresses. Charlotte Islands, south of Alaska. Once the tribe was more feared The Gospel in tIle Basin of the Amazon than almost any other Indian tribe of the north, and whenever its war-canoes T HE basin of the Amazon is little were reported to have started from known, tho it occupies two-fifths the islands, the Indians living near of South America, and tho the waterthe coast of the continent fled into the ways of the Amazon, and its tribuforests. To-day the power of the Gos- taries amount to 31,000 miles. At pel has wonderfully changed these one place the river is fully 25 miles wild warriors. The missionaries set- wide. tled among them, and after many years of faithful labors the whole tribe Some months ago the agent of the has been Christianized. In Masset, British and Foreign Bible Society at where the Haida chiefly live, the Buenos Ayres started to reach the church services are well attended, and town of Manaos, which is situated men and women pay fine attention to about a thousand miles up the Amathe sermon, and to the singing of the zon River, and is the capital and centrained choir, composed of members ter of the large state of Amazonas. of their own tribe, and accompanied While the town is in many ways a by a talented Haida organist. Fifty modern town, lighted with electricity, years ago these people hated the In- and provided with good electric streetdian tribes upon the Continent. Now car service, it is not well drained, and the Gospel has taught them to love the sanitary conditions are bad. No their enemies, and when the mission earnest efforts are made to destroy buildings in Aiyansk, upon the Con- the mosquitos which c-arry disease, estinent, were consumed by fire, a short pecially yellow fever, because, as one time ago, Christian Haida women, tho of the officials said recently, "Yellow very poor, contributed twenty dollars fever does not trouble us, and if fortoward their rebuilding. eigners can not live here, let them die.

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Vhy go to any expense?" There are Temperance in the British Army several Protestant clergymen in the city. Of these the Presbyterian min- IT is an interesting story told by the ister has been trying to circulate the Rev. Joseph H. Bateson, chaplain in Scriptures among the inhabitants, the British army in India. In 1888, he who are almost unacquainted with says, "this army was described as a their contents. He made arrange- 'national school for intemperance'; ments with the representative of the but under Lord Roberts's leadership British and Foreign Bible Society to it became known as a national school keep a stock of Bibles and Testaments for temperance. Out of 64,000 men in his house, until a colporteur can be wearing the king's uniform in India sent to reside there. Thus the Word we now have 31,000 total abstainers. of God is entering these almost for- Lord Roberts brought this about by gotten regions. making the temperance room of the barracks more attractive than the can- The Evangelical Union of South America teen. And when he did that the backbone of the canteen was broken." T HE Evangelical Union of South America has been organized in THE CONTINENT London. It is a new society in name and administration only, but not in England to Evangelize France? personnel, and it expects to consolidate the South American Evangelical CONSIDERABLE interest and en- Mission, and the South American in- thusiasm are being stirred up in terests of the regions beyond mission- England over plans to seriously un· ary union. The latter has been carry- dertake the evangelization of France. ing on work in Peru and Argentine, Within the borders of our sister rethe former in Brazil and Argentine. public there are some 40,000,000. Of Thus the consolidation will give the this number, Pastor Hocart has renew union a total staff of 43 foreign cently said no more than 4,000,000 workers. Among those who are can be regarded as real members of named as promoters of the Evangeli- the Roman Catholic Church. There cal Union of South America, we ob- are about 600,000 Protestants in the country. It will be seen, therefore, serve Revs. Campbell Morgan and J. what great need there is for some definite advance if France is to be- Stuart Holden of London, Dr. J. H. come in any sense a Christian country. Jowett of New York, Dr. Len This work is being done in some meas- Broughton of Atlanta, Ga., and Rev. by the McAll Mission, but these agen- George Smith of Toronto. The Lon- cies are not equal to the needs of the don headquarters are at 8 and 9 Essex work.

Street. Strand, W. c., England. The German Emperor on Alcohol EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN T HIS potentate has recently said over his signature: "I know very A Bishop on Christian Unity well that the pleasure of drinking is an old heritage of the Germans. How- T HE Bishop of Hereford, who has ever, we must henceforth, in every already done much for Christian connection through self-discipline, free Union, in his address to the Hereford ourselves from this evil. I can assure Diocesan Conference, boldly affirmed you that I, in my twenty-two-year that the wise policy of churchmen reign, have made the observation that toward their nonconformist neighbors the greater number of criminal cases is "to revert to the pre-Tractarian re- submitted to me for adjudication, up lationship of our Church with other to nine-tenths, are traceable to the Protestant bodies." His conviction is consequences of alcohol." that nonconformists should be treated as Christian brethren, even by welcoming them to share in the Holy Communion.

Women's Work for Women academical education was held in Ber- lin in the hall of the Berlin Mission- T NE:.JTY thousand Christian wo- ary Society. It was held under the men are organized in Germany joint auspices of the German Layinto women's aid leagues. Annually men's Missionary Movement, the Ber- 2,000,000 marks ($5°0,000) are raised lin and the Gassner Missionary Sofor their work, which consists in vol- ciety, and the Northeast German untary nursing, helping neighbors in Missionary Conference. Among the emergencies at titne of death or of speakers and lecturers were some of birth, cooperating in church work, in the leading missionary writers and Sunday-school instruction, and in a workers of Germany, and all the fields great variety of charitable and relig- of German missionary activity were ious effort. Nearly 700 women hav~ discust. It is expected, and rightly, taken the twelve weeks' course of' that the teachers, thus instructed and training for voluntary relief helpers. interested in the cause of missions, will exert much favorable influence Work for Women Students upon the youth under their instruc- tion. THE foyers, or centers for women students, in European universi- The Los von Rome Movement. ties are developing steadily. Paris has one such for French girls at the , 'ACCORDING to the official fig- Sorbonne, and the British and Amer- ures submitted to two denomiican Student Hostel in the same city touches the life of more than 2.000 nations, the number of conversions to young women. Another has been Protestantism in Austria numbered started in the University of Sophia last year 5,190, or 8 I 3 more than in (Bulgaria) as a result of the recent the previous year. The total number Constantinople Student Congress. of conversions registered during the There is also a Christian Association thirteen years of the movement is Center for women in the University 60,744. Most of the conversions have of Naples and a foyer for Russian taken place in lower Austria, whose women students in St. Petersburg. capital, Vienna, now numbers 76,721 Protestants; in Styria, where, thirteen Mission Study Urged years ago, only nine Protestant pas- tors were at work, and where now 31 IN accordance with the recommend- are in full employment, and in the ation of the International Mission German areas of Bohemia. During Study Conference held at Lunteren, the past year 2,009 men, 1,901 women Holland, in September, 1911 (see and 785 children were registered as MISSIONARY REVIEW, 19 11 , p. 943), having sundered their connes::tion with the executive committee of the Ger- Rome."-London Christian World. man Evangelical Missions decided at its meeting of October 19 to empha- Rome and Mixed Marriages size the missionary instruction of the youth to a larger extent than before, A ROMAN Catholic paper of New and a committee for the furtherance York City, says that the fight of the study of missions among the of the Roman Catholic Church youth has been founded. It shall be against mixed marriages of Roman Its duty to provide suitable literature Catholics and Protestants is a fight for missionary study classes and for her life. Statistics in Holland hours, and the well-known Dr. Julius ,how that out of 3,320 children who Richter has been given the responsible had a Protestant mother and a Cathtask of organizing the committee and olic father, 1,747 became Protestants, setting its members to work. 1,312 Catholics, and 376 had no re- ligion; out of 3,455 children who had At about the same time when this a Catholic mother and a Protescommittee was founded, a missionary tant father, 1,242 became Protestants, study course for teachers having an

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

1,851 Catholics, and 362 had no re- where, and if not setting grog anti ligion; but of 61,047 children whose kidnapping they are trying to buy parents were both Catholics, 61,017 girls for prostitution."-C. M. S. Reremained in the faith of their parents, view. and only thirty lapsed! The Rhenish Society in the Dutch East ISLANDS Indie. Progress Among the Bataks in Sumatra T vVO fields where missionaries of DIRECTOR SPIEKER, of the the Rhenish Missionary Society Rhenish Missionary Society, is are laboring can celebrate jubilees inspecting the work of that society in this year. The work among the Bathe Dutch East Indies. His reports taks upon Sumatra can celebrate its are full of encouragement, especially fiftieth, and the work upon Borneo its so far as they refer to the work among seventy-fifth anniversary. The work the heathen Bataks in Sumatra. upon Sumatra is the child of that Wherever he went upon his tour, upon Borneo, for it was started by thousands of heathen and Christian the Rhenish missionaries who were natives came to greet him. The forced to flee from the fury of the rechurches were crowded to the utter- bellious Dajaks in 1859, and selected most and thousands had often to sit Sumatra as their new place of labor, outside, being unable to gain admit- in r86r. But the child is far stronger tance. One day Mr. Spieker held a than the parent to-day, for Sumatra service upon the mountains near SiIin- contains to-day more than IOO,OOO clung-, and when he looked down the native Christians, while Borneo has mountain side it was black with men only a few more than 3,000. Sumatra and women. At missionary gather- is to-day the place for conversions ings the delivery of the free-will of- en masse, while Borneo has but few ferings often took hours. individual conversions annually. In Sumatra a Christian church of Ba- Gospel Gains Among Cannibals taks is in the process of formation, but in Borneo individual native Chris- LETTERS from Bishop Cecil Wil- tians and small congregations con- son appear in the Southern Cross tinue to have a hard struggle.· But Log for October. vVriting from San- the work in Borneo is far more diffita Cruz on June 16, he says he had cult, humanly speaking, than that in consecrated a church at Nukapu, the Sumatra. Dorneo is an island with a island where Bishop Patteson was small population scattered over a wide murdered, on the day before, a few territory, and this population is mixed months less than forty years since with. yea overrun, by a far larger the murder. All the islanders now number of Mohammedan Malays. The are either Christians, catechumens or heathenism of Borneo is very immoral hearers. The sister of the bishop's and most enervating. Large districts murderer has lately been baptized. are entirely under the power of Islam Bishop Wilson sends a melancholy re- and closecl to every Christian effort. port of the state of things in New And the Dajaks prefer to run about Hebrides: "The French are kidnap- in the forests, so that it is most diffiping, selling grog without restraint cult to reach them or to get the chilfrom the comissioner, and the British dren into the missionary schools. traders are in some cases doing the Thus, when we consider the tremensame. There is no justice to the na- dous difficulties of the work in Bortives at the hands of the French au- neo, we must confess that three thouthorities. The natives are at the sand converts in seventy-five years is mercy of the worst kind of white mnch blest fruit of earnest labor in scoundrels. These latter are every- a difficult field.

News from the New Hebrides associate editor of this REVIEW for the past· twenty-one years, and has T HE past year has seen another proved a devoted and valued helper in hospital added to the kindred in- many lines of missionary work. He stitutions in the New Hebrides in the was born in Philadelphia in 1831, and· shape of the "John G. Paton Memo- went to India in 1861, where he la- rial Hospital," at Port Vila. The bored as a missionary of the Method- work was commenced in June, 1910, ist Episcopal Church for seven years. and so pushed on in spite of the diffi- A full sketch of his life will appear in culties, and the scarcity of native a subsequent number of the REVIEW. labor, that it was opened in January, Dr. Gracey leaves two daughters and 1911. It occupies a healthy site on a son, with a host of friends to rise up Iririki, an island in the harbor of Port and call him blest. The funeral Vila, and has accommodations for ten services were conducted at Clifton European and twenty native patients. Springs, N. Y., on January 7th, and Thus a worthy memorial of John G. the body was laid away in the cemetery Paton stands in the capital of the New there beside that of his beloved wife. Hebrides in commemoration of his work in these islands. The number George B. Smyth of China of in-patients treated in the hospital in 19II has been 1I4 (16 Europeans), REV. GEORGE B. SMYTH, D.D., while the outdoor patients numbered missionary of the Methodist Epis- 912. The Margaret Whitecross Pa- copal Church in Fuchau, China, ton Memorial Church at Vila says in from 1882 to 1899, and Field Secreits annual report that its services on tary 1900, to 1910, first of the Mis- Sunday morning, which are intended sionary Society, and then of the primarily for the Europeans resident Board of Foreign Missions, died in in Vila, have been well attended, and Berkeley, California, Thursday, Dethat the different departments of work cember 14th. He rendered valuable among the natives have been success- service as President of the Anglo-Chifully carried on. nese College at Fuchau, and later as Field Secretary of the Methodist Epis- The services for natives which used copal Missionary Society. to be held on the plantations had to be suspended, however, because a Dr. Elmore Harris, of Toronto number of planters objected to religious services being held among their W ORD has just reached us of the indentured labor? Thus the necessity death of Rev. Elmore Harris, of a house built beside the church is D.D., of smallpox, at Delhi, India, becoming- apparent. A n efficient na- Monday, December 18, IgII. Accomtive teacher could live in it, take care panied by his second wife, a bride of of church and grounds, and have more a few months, and his youngest son, frequent services and classes for na- Erdman, Dr. Harris was making a tives in the church. tour of the mission fields.

OBITUARY NOTES Dr. Harris was a man of wealth, which he used liberally for the spread A Dr. John T. Gracey of the Gospel, supporting several for- FTER a lingering illness of seven eign missionaries and making large years, Rev. John Talbot Gracey, gifts to other causes. After a suc- D.D., president of the International cessful career as pastor at St. Thomas Missionary Union, died at his home in and Toronto, he founded the Toronto Clifton Springs, N. Y., on Friday, Bible Training School, of which he January 5, 1812, at the ripe age of was president. Dr. Harris's death ~ighty years. Dr, Gracey has be~n an caused a great sense of loss to Chr:is- tians of all denominations. AND MISSION LANDS HALF A CENTURY IN CHINA. By the Ven- strong sense of responsibility to God, erable Arthur E. Maule, B.D. Illustrations and map. 8vo, 343 pp. 7s. 6d. Hod- and a vision of eternal things.

der & Stoughton, London, Toronto, New A GLIMPSE OF THE HEART OF CHINA. By York,I9 1 1. Edward C. Perkins, M.D. Illustrated.

Archdeacon Moule has been fifty 12mO, 95 pp. 60 cents, net. Fleming H. years in China as a missionary of the Revell Co., 1911.

Church Missionary Society. He is a Some "glimpses" are worth while, careful observer, and a thoughtful and this is one of them. It gives a writer, and gives, as a result of his ex- picture of the self-sacrificing work of perience and study, a pen picture of a Christian Chinese woman doctor, many incidents in his life, and makes Mary Stone, of Kiukiang, a city near a strong appeal for the preservation Hankow. Dr. Stone has a hospital of all that is good and true in Chinese and dispensary, with twenty Chinese character, customs and history. He nurses trained by herself. This story advocates the union and unity of gives a true picture of some things Christendom. that Christianity is doing for China Archdeacon Moule describes graph- and the Chinese through those who ically the changes seen in China in have been converted and trained by half a century, tells the dramatic story Christian teachers.

of the Tai Ping rebellion, and its con- THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSIONS. sequences; narrates many interesting stories, legends and facts about the Edited by J. H. Oldham. $2.00 a year.

Published quarterly. 75 cents a number.

Chinese, tells of the cities in which he 100 Princess St., Edinburgh, and 156 has lived and where he has visited, Fifth Ave., New York, I9f2.

gives a forceful chapter on the mis- The first number of the quarterly sionary and his message in China, and issued under the auspices of the Con- another on the influence of modern ed- tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh ucation and literature. Conference has been eagerly awaited.

In his "Retrospect and Prospect," It is a solid and valuable review, well Archdeacon Moule calls attention to planned to meet the need of a scien- the fact that this ancient country and tific missionary magazine for students people have few monuments and and experts. Most of the articles are buildings of the past. Many of the too long and too technical for the gen- ancient records have only a limited eral reader, or even for pastors and historic value. The country and peo- laymen, but the articles are by the best ple have, however, been remarkably missionary experts, and deal with stable for centuries, and this in itself topics of importance and timely inter- is a sign of strength and an asset of est. In this first number Dr. John R.

value. Archdeacon Moule wrote be- Mott writes of "The Continuation fore the present rebellion, but had dis- Committee" and its work. Dr. Tohan- cerned many symptoms of decay that nes Warneck contributes the fi~st pa- he believed indicates the coming disso- per on "The Growth of the Church in lution or transformation. He does the Mission Field-I. Among the Ba- not believe that a representative gov- taks." The Hon. James Bryce gives ernment will remedy the political his "Impressions of a Traveler Among weakness and corruption. Reform, Non-Christian Races," and President however, has long been needed, and Harada, of the Doshisha, describes must come. The greatest need, how- "The Present Position of Christianity ever. is Christian education, with a in Japan." The notes on recent periodicals describes some current papers, tent with more than surface knowland the bibliography of recent books edge. Dr. Ross acknowledges that is especially full-including Continen- missionaries make mistakes, but he tal publications. also sees that they have problems, and that they have been used to We have at last a quarterly for work miracles in changing Chinese which many have been wishing-one thought and customs. He sees in the devoted entirely to the deeper study present thirst for Vestern knowledge of missionary problems and progress. a golden opportunity for missionary It seems almost too much to hope that schools and colleges. it will become self-supporting, but it is worthy of life anel we would like to The volume is well written, attracsee it combined with The East and tively published and copiously illusthe liVest of the S. P. G., since the trated. It will present a valuable side character and aim of the two quar- light for any study of China and the terlies are very similar. Mr. Oldham, Chinese. the eelitor, shows fine Christian spirit, and a comprehensive grasp of mission- ACROSS CHIN A ON FOOT. By Edwin J. Dinary ideals in his copious editorial gle. Illustrated. 8vo, 446 pp. $3.50, net. notes. Henry Holt & Co., New' York, 19II. THE CHANGING CHINESE. By Edward Als- worth Ross. Illustrated. 8vo, 356 pp. Mr. Dingle is a young journalist, $2-40, net. The Century Co., New York, who made the l,soo-mile journey 1911. across China from Shanghai to the Burman frontier in 1909-10. He This interesting and illuminating studied the people and the reform volume is not by a missionary, or a movement, so that his account is of resident of China, but hy a student especial interest at this time. Perwho came in contact with the Chinese sonal adventures and observations are chiefly during seven years as pro- well told in good journalistic style. fessor at Leland Stanford University While Mr. Dingle speaks more of the in California. Professor Ross writes social and political reform movements as a sociologist, who seeks to interpret than of religion and missionaries, he the social and political phases of Chi- speaks well of the latter, and distinnese character and life. The author guishes between the work of Roman traces the backwardness of China, not Catholic and Protestants. He preto political, educational, commercial, dicts the time when there "shall be or religious causes, but to social cus- proclaimed in China a Christianity toms and traits. He believes that the pure and simple, freed from all Chinese are different from Occiden- entangling alliances, a Christianity tals, not so much because of race as which shall not have been eclipsed in from environment and habit. The any age of the world's history." solidarity of the Chinese family, he believes, to be a cause of weakness, CALVIN WILSON MATEER. By Daniel W. not of strength, and is strongly op- Fisher, 12mo. Illustrated. 342 pp. $1.50, posed to an open door to Chinese net. The WestrnlTIster Press, Philadel- labor in California, because of the phia, 1911. readiness of Chinese coolies to live without regard to morals or hygiene. This volume has already had an ex- tensive notice in our November num- The book offers fresh and valuable ber. It is a simple, straightforward material for study. Everything in it account of a veteran Presbyterian is related to the Chinese themselves. missionary who labored for forty-five The chapter on Christianity in China years in Shantung, China. Dr. Mateer gives a ringing testimony to the trans- was a strong, steady, constructive forming power of Christ when His worker, who taught, translated, gospel is truly preached and exempli- preached, and in many other ways fied, so that the Chinese grasp its con- served the Chinese. The storv of his life is interesting and stimulating.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

HUDSON TAYLOR'S CHOICE SAYINGS. COI11- are signs of the breaking down of the wall of Moslem antagonism to piled frol11 his writings and addresses by Christianity, many are deserting Mo- hammed for Christ, and the Church D. E. Hoste. China Inland Mission, 19I1. at home is praying and working for 0'£ Hudson Taylor was one the Moslem world as never before. tl~e In the missionary study classes in America alone over 5,000 text-books, great men of his day-great III hIs "The Moslem World," are being studied. Dr. Zwemer concludes his grasp of God's truth, and in his faith able paper by saying: "As our eyes sweep the horizon of all these lands and fellowship with God. He had sa- dominated or imperiled by this great rival faith, each seems to stand out as gacity and insight, .detern:ination a~d typical of one of the factors in our great problem. direction. His chOlce saymgs contam Morocco is typical of the degradation of a wealth of wisdom on practical mat- Islam; ters of faith and conduct in spiritual Persia of its disintegration; Arabia of its stagnation; things that are of unique value to Egypt of its attempted reformation. China shows the neglect of Islam. Christians of all creeds. These Java gives an instance of the conversion, I ndia presents the opportunity, "Choice Sayings" are topically ar- Central Africa the peril of Islam.

ranged and are worthy of transmuting "The supreme need of the Moslem world is J eslts Christ. … We can do into life. nothing of ourselves; our sufficiency is of God." ISLAM AND MISSIONS. Edited by E. M. Wherry, S. M. Zwerner and C. G. Myl- IN THE SHADOW OF THE DRUM TOWER. By Laura Delany Garst. Illustrated. 121110, rea. Illustrated. 8vo, 298 pp. $1,50, net, 136 pp. Soc. Foreign Christian Mis- Fleming H. Revell Co., I9Il. sionary Society, Cincinnati, 191 l.

The Lucknow Conference was the The Drum Tower is in Nanking, second of missionaries to Moslems China, a place where mothers brought and marked another important mile- their children to die. The story tells stone in the progress of winning the of one child who was rescued with his mother, and became strong and Mohammedan world. This volume well in the hospital at Nanking. The contains the papers read at this con- main story relates to the work of Dr. ference in January, 19II, and they are and Mrs. Macklin, devoted lovers and important contributions by able men. earnest, faithful, self-denying work- Dr. Zwemer gives an introductory sur- ers in the Master's vineyard. This is a book that presents missionary work vey of the Moslem world, Dr. W. S. in the truest and best light. Nelson writes on Syria, Rev. F. Wiirz, Prof. Meinhoff, and Canon A MESSAGE FROM BATANG. By Z. S. Loftis, Sell on Africa, Prof. Crawford and M.D. Illustrated. r:~mo, 160 pp. 75 Mr. Trowbridge on Turkey, Dr. cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Young on Arabia, Rev. L. F. ~ssel­ York, 1911. styn on Persia, Dr. W. A. WIlson, Dr. Loftis, who wrote this diary, Canon Weitbrecht and Rev. John was a missionary of the Foreign Tackle on India, F. H. Rhodes. o~ Christian Missionary Society to Tibe- China, Rev. G. Simon and ~. Adnam tans. He journeyed across China and on Malaysia, and Col. Vvmgate on into Tibet, visited the great Litang Central Asia, Islam under pagan Monastery, and practised his medical art to relieve the Tibetans of sickrule is described by Dr. Watson, and under Christian rule by Rev. W. H. T.

Gairdner. Almost every paper shows a e~ear, comprehensive grasp of the subject, so that the series of addresses presents a panorama of the present conditi~:m of Islam and the progress of mIssions among Moslems throughout the world. .

Dr. Zwemer shows in his opemng survey that Islam is not dead but that when Islam reforms it ceases to be the religion of the prophet. There

ness, idolatry, ignorance, and super- gational churches, but for all friends stiti~JI1. He died of typhus and small- of missions. The general statistics pox, after a brief ministry, in the midst of his work of less than a year. for all societies are not as full as those The diary tells of many unique expe- published in the MISSIONARY REVIEW riences of travel, strange sights, doctoring the Chinese and Tibetans, and but the income reported is larger; preaching tours. It gives an inside $30,37~,489, including auxiliary, coview of many scenes in China to operatmg and independent societies. which only a doctor would be ad- NEW BOOKS mitted. THE CHINESE AT HOME. The Man of Tong A PATHFINDER IN SOUTH CENTRAL AFRICA. By Rev. Wm. Chapman. Illustrated. and His Land. By J. Dyer Ball. Illus- I2mo, 385 pp. 4S. '1. A. Hammond, trated, 8vo., 369 pp. $2.00, net. Flem- London, 19II. ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1911.

The Primitive Methodist Church OTHER SHEEP HAVE 1. By Harold Beghas a mission at Bula-Bologna in South Central Africa, and it is of this bie. George H. Doran Co., New York work that Mr. Chapman writes. His 1911. ' experience covers some 12 years, and in plain, simple fashion he tells of his TWILIGHT TALES OF THE BLACK BAGANDA. life and work, his adventures and convictions. The narrative is over full By Ruth B. Fisher. Cloth boards, 3S. 6d., of unimportant details, and its story net. Marshall Bros., Ltd., London, 1911. is of more interest to those who sup- YAKUSU: The Very Heart of Africa. By port this particular mission than to the general reader. It gives, how- H. Suttnn Smith. Embossed Cloth ever, a good picture of pioneer work boards, gilt, 6s., nct. Marshall Bros., in a far-away African mission sta- Ltd., London, I9Il. tion-a work full of trial and difficulty, but fruitful. THE CHURCH OF THE OPEN COUNTRY. By Warren H. Wilson. Cloth, 50 cents; pa- THE HAPPIEST GIRL IN KOREA. By Miner- per, 35 cents; postage, 8 cents extra. Mis- va Z. Guthapiel. Illustrated. I2mO, I06 sionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth pp. 60 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., Ave., New York, 1911. I9Il. THE SOCIAL WORK OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. These little stories from missionary experience in Korea go straight to By Alva W. Taylor. 12mo, 265 pp. the heart. They are full of pathos $1.00. The Foreign Christian Misand human interest, of inspiration sionary Society, Cincinnati, 1911. without moralizing. They give an unusually graphic picture of what the LIFE IN THE MOSLEM EAST. By Pierre missionaries see and do, and show Ponafidine. $4.00, net. Dodd, Mead & why they love the Koreans and choose Co., New York, 1911. to live among them, in spite of the difficulties and hardships connected ISLAM AND MISSIONS. Being papers read with missionary life. The stories will interest and bless any sympa- at the Second Missionary Con- ference on Behalf of the Mohammethetic reader. dan World, at Lucknow, January 23- THE AMERICAN BOARD ALMANAC, 1912. IO 28, 1911. Edited by E. M. Wherry, cents. Boston. D.D., S. M. Zwemer, D.D., C. G. Mylrea, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 298. This compendium of the work of $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., the American Board is always a wel- New York. 1911. come friend. It is well illustrated and contains many useful facts not only SITA. A Story of Child-Marriage Fetters. for those connected with the Congre- By Olivia A. Baldwin, M.D. 12mo 353 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1911.

A PATHFINDER IN SOUTH-CENTRAL AFRICA.

A Story of Pioneer Missionary Work and Adventure. By Rev. William Chapman. Illustrated, 12mo, 385 pp. W. A. Hammond, London. 1911.

CHINA AND THE GOSPEL. An Illustrated Report of the China Inland Mission, 1911. 8vo, 170 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and London. 1911.

THE CONQUEST OF THE CONTINENT. By Rev_ Hugh L. Burleson. Illustrated, 200 pp. Paper, 35 cents; cloth, 50 cents. The Educational Secretary, 281 Fourth Ave., New York. 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1911

OF THE LATE ARTH UR T. PIERSON, D.D

In college days, at 18 years, 1855 In his first pastorate, at 27 years, 1864 His latest portrait at 72, 1909 In Philadelphia pastorate, at 54, 1891 In Detroit pastorate, at 43, 1880

CJ:he §Vfiss{onary '1(eeview

of the World Published by Funk and Wa.,,<7Ilalls Company (J8&&C K. Funk, Pre8., A. W. WAgnalls, VIce-Pres., RobertI. Cuddihy, Treas., Robert SeoH, 8ec'y), 44-60 E. !3d St., New York.

VOL. XXXIV. No.8 AUGUST, 191 I VOL. XXIV. No: 8 Old Se,ies New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES~ THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE sionary question. It is to be edited The Continuation Committee of the by Mr. J. H. Oldham, the secretary. Edinburgh Conference, of which Dr. John R. Mott is chairman, met in It is generally understood that such Auckland Castle, England, as the a magazine can not be popular or guests of the Bishop of Durham, May self-supporting, but it is hoped that 16th to 19th, inclusive. A fuller re- it will prove of great value to the more port of this meeting will be in our technical students of missionary probnext number, prepared by one who lems. was present, but in the meantime it is well to note one or two features. John R. Mott was urged to devote as much time as possible to the work 1. The spirit of unity and the desire of the committee, visiting mission for a fuller manifestation of this spirit fields and promoting the work of the continued to prevail. All but 7 of the committee at home. He is remarkably 28 members were present. The com- adapted for such work, and we look mittee considered questions not of lo- for great development in united effort calor denominational interest, but and in scientific development of misthose pertaining to the world and the sionary work in the next ten years. Kingdom of God, and the church as a whole. They considered such GEORGE S. EDDY IN CHINA themes as boards of study to care for the preparation of missionaries for Mr. George Sherwood Eddy, who their work; how missionaries are to has this year joined Dr. John R. Mott stand related to national governments; in the work for students in the East, the occupation of the entire world for recently spent a week in Shanghai. Christ, etc. After visiting the cities of southern China, meetings held in the Martyrs' A second important discussion was Memorial Hall, at the Young Men'e; on the establishment of a magazine to Christian Association Building, were represent the committee and its work. crowded each night with over a thou- They decided to issue an International sand men, a picked audience of stu- Missionary Quarterly, under its own dents and leading young business men, control, to discuss the more tech- admitted by ticket only. Many were nical and scientific phases of the mis- turned away who could not obtain standing room. These men are among • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not accept responsibility for opinionE' exprest, or posi,tions taken by contributors.-D. L P. the most patriotic students in the world 400 illL[uirers were enrolled from the and are throbbing with a burning na- association, and from 12 different in- tionalism. The subjects of "Patriot- stitutions in the city, and more than a ism," "The Need of China," "The Fu- hundred men personally confest Christ.

ture of China," etc., drew large num- In the three previous cities about one bers. Several young men in China hundred men in each came out, either have recently cut off an arm or a as inquirers or converts. In the first finger to send their petitions to the college visited on the last trip about government written in their own one-third of the students who took a blood. On the night when Mr. Eddy stand have already been baptized. Ap- spoke on "Christ the Only Hope of proximately one-third still desire to China," the interest was intense, and unite with the Church, but are pre- even pathetic. When he asked those vented by their youth or by their to rise as inquirers who would prom- non-Christian parents. Perhaps a ise to test Jesus Christ by daily read- third have fallen by the wayside, or ing His life and teaching, by daily have dwindled away through the per- prayer, and by following Him accord- secution of their parents and relatives.

ing to their conscience, over three There is urgent need at this time for hundred men rose and signed cards. prayer for all these studenrs who have These men are now being followed up taken a public stand. Many will be and enlisted in Bible classes and pri- passing through a terrible ordeal, for vate study groups. In subsequent meet- a man's foes are those of his own ings, after presenting the claims of household.

Christ as Savior and Lord, over a hun- Mr. Eddy reports on every side evi- dred men rose to accept and to confess dences of growth and encouragement Him publicly. in the Christian Church in China. The Meetings were held also in the va- Boxer uprising tried to wipe out rious mission colleges of the city. In Christianity, yet the empire gained one college 40 students from non- more converts in the ten years since Christian homes con fest Christ as Sa- that uprising than in the previous 90 vior and Lord. Meetings were held years of Christian effort in China. The also in the Imperial Polytechnic Col- movement for church union is as lege, the largest government institution strong in China as in India. On every in the city, and in a neighboring city, hand educational institutions are being where 900 students, largely from gov- united, and movements are on foot for ernment schools, filled the hall. uniting some of the denominations.

The opportunity before the Young THE Y. M. C. A. IN CHINA Men's Christian Association for reach- ing government students, for whom The growth of 'the local Young practically nothing is being done by Men's Christian Association in Shang- any other body, and for attracting the hai has been phenomenal. Four years upper classes in the cities, is unique. ago the building was in course of con- In every college where Christ was pre- struction. Within four years it has be- sented and decisions were asked for, come a center of mighty activity in the there was response on the part of the heart of that great city, and the build- students. During the week more than ing has already been outgrown. Its

OF THE

membership has increased within the tures and Bible classes. In some of the four years from some 300 to over colleges in China one is glad to find a 1,600; its students in educational staff of from IO to 15 foreigners for classes from about 200 to over 600; its two or three hundred students, and staff of workers from I7 to 54, and its these are none too many. But in the annual receipts from $8,000 to $25,000, Y. M. C. A. at Shanghai, two foreign all contributed and raised locally by the secretaries and thirty able Chinese Chinese themselves. It is a testimony teachers conduct a self-supporting into the efficiency of the association that stitution with 600 students, as only one within these four years the Chinese of the minor departments. have raised for the extension of the association over $85,000. Large gifts The building was erected at a cost have been enthusiastically given, Loth of $60,000, with only two foreign secby Christians and non-Christians. The retaries supported from abroad, which Viceroy, leading officials, financiers, is the mightiest evangelistic force in and merchants in the Chinese commu- this great city among the upper classes. nity have contributed large sums for Whoever gave this building, and whothe purchase of land to enable them to ever has been supporting these men erect new buildings. The Young Men's has been making an investment which Christian Association stands as a great is multiplying at compound interest, l11ediatin~factor between the East and cl1ld which is proving a mighty force the West, between the aspirations of for the regeneration of this great young China and the benefits of Chris- empire. Within four years the prestian civilization, whi~h it has to offer ent building has been outgrown, but them. More than 25,000 young men it may accommodate a boys' branch during the year attended the various of some two thousand members. scientific lectures, socials, debates and Within the next four years the mem· entertainments in the association. The bership of the association may easily moving pictures on the life of Christ rise to a total of 5,000 in the city. To have held the record for the largest at- multipiy such buildings a:1d to place tendance, crowding the hall on many a few picked men from the West in occasions. A total of 38,000 men at- a score of provincial capitals and the tended the various religious services great centers of commerce of the Chiduring the year. More than 600 stu- nese Empire, will enabie the associadents have been enrolled in the various tion to reach government students, Bible classes, of whom more than who are to furnish the official class three-fourths are non-Christians. A for new China, the young business number of men have confest Christ men in this day of the country's comand joined the Church. More than mercial awakening, and the literati, 600 young men are in attendance at who are the brain of the empire, and the day and night schools of the who will guide its thought and life. Y. M. C. A., making it one of the lar- Doors of opportunity are flung wide gest educational institutions in the city. before Christian young men to-day, all They represent the best families in the over Asia. "In no place in the world," community, and are practically all at- says Mr. Eddy, "is there such an optending the voluntary religious lec- portunity as in Asia for the investment of prayer, of life, of wealth."

A MOHAMMEDAN MISSIONARY the two days of the week when the SOCIETY school is closed in keeping up a con- The organization of a Mohammedan tinuous evangelistic work among these Missionary Society, called "The So- villages-and this with practically no ciety for Invitation and Instruction," additional expense. The people are is announced in Cairo. Its purpose is open-minded and receptive to the Gos- the founding of a seminary in Cairo pel, and Mr. Stead, who has been in where men shall be prepared for Daulatabad making the preliminary ar- world-wide propaganda in behalf of rangements, writes that he is more and Islam. They shall proceed to heathen more imprest with the largeness of the lands and to the lands of "The Book," opportunity here presented.

i.e., of the Bible, where religious liber- SHADOW AND SUNSHINE IN ty prevails, but they shan be used also TURKEY to strengthen Mohammedans who are drifting away from Islam on account The outlook in Turkey is not altoof carelessness or of lack of instruc- gether encouraging. In parliament tion. Islam seems to be preparing for there are stormy debates over Ziona battle royal with Christianity. May ism and other racial and religious diit find us prepared! visions. Frequent changes in the min- istry, and rebellions in Albania and OPPORTUNITY IN PERSIA Arabia show an alarming instability A wonderful opening for the Gospel and weakness in the Government.

in the village of Daulatabad, some two In other ways the conditions under days distant from Ramadan, is seen the new regime have improved; some in the fact that several Moslems have political and social reforms are pro- collected I,5°O tomans-$3,75o-to gressing, and if the financial difficul- open a school which shall be entirely ties can be met, the administration may self-supporting, and have asked for yet succeed. Whatever happens, the Christian teachers. Full liberty has old conditions and methods can never been given to teach the Bible, and the be restored. It is encouraging to note request has been made that the teach- that the minister of the interior has af- ings of Christianity be included in the firmed in parliament that the policy of curriculum. Some of the leading men the Government was not one of fusion of the city are enthusiastic supporters nor of suppression of language or re- of this movement, among them being ligion; that it was not meant to make one of the prominent "Ahounds," as all the inhabitants Turks, or to fill all the Mussulman religious teachers are .the offices with Turks, but to appoint called. The founders of the school are capable officials and to seek patiently to planning to build a large, modem adjust questions of dispute.

school building very shortly, and some A fierce struggle is proceeding be- of them say they will sell part of their tween the old regime and the new.

land, if need be, to make this the best For the moment the forces of reaction school in Persia. seem to be in the ascendant. They Daulatabad is the center of a large have forced th·rough the "Committee number of villages which can be easily of Union and Progress" a program of reached, so that the missionary who ten articles described as "anti-Parlia- takes charge of this school can spend mentary, anti-Christian, and, if not fa-

natically, at all events, narrowly Is- and used. The Osman Lloyd, a weII- lamic." We had hoped that, with the known Eastern paper, which pub- downfall of Abdul Hamid, after the lishes the edict, reminds its readers experiences of his iniquitous reign, that the Arnautes are called the people Turkey would be ready for enlightened without book (Kitabsis Arnaut), be- government; but tyrannies die hard. A cause, so goes the legend, their fore- lady writing from Montenegro to the fathers once hid his book in a head of Westminster Gazette describes how cabbage, and a cow came and devoured she had seen a large village in Albania cabbage and book together. "Since burned by Turkish soldiers, and the that time the Arnautes have remained three Christian churches wrecked, 'without book,' and are to-day almost while the mosques were left alone. entirely illiterate."

Twenty years ago Dr. J. K. Greene PROTESTANT CHURCHES IN NICA- RAGUA had the privilege of showing the sights of Constantinople to an American The Moravian Missions-blatt contraveler who had introduced himself as tains in its June number a most inone interested in missions. At the end teresting and important statement conof the day this stranger told Dr. cerning the attitude of the Government Greene that he had been much inter- of Nicaragua toward religion, from ested in the need of a church building which we translate the following. Acat Gedik Pasha and begged to place on cording to the newspaper, El Commerdeposit $5,000 for the new church cia, of February II, I9II, the Conbuilding. Since that year, 1890, the gress of Nicaragua is composed of beeffort has never been relaxed to se- tween 30 and 40 members, of whom cure permission to build that church. only one, Mr. A. W. Hooker, is a Only now has the permission been re- Protestant. At the meeting, of which ceived. The head of the Mohammedan El Commercia wrote, "the recognimosque said, "Far be it from me to op- tion of religion in Nicaragua" was the pose in any way the building of a order of the day. The Roman Cathohouse for the worship of God in this lics proposed the following resolution: place." The leaders of the Gregorian "The religion of the republic is the and Greek churches were equally cor- Catholic, Apostolic, Roman religion. dial. There is a great contrast be- It is prohibited to limit the liberty or tween this attitude and that under Ab- the legal rights of the Catholic Church. dul Hamid. The exercise of other religions must PROGRESS IN ALBANIA not be hindered so long as they are Halil Bey, the Secretary of the In- not opposed to Christian morality and terior in Turkey, has issued an edict public order." The liberal government concerning the reopening of the declared, however, that equal rights schools in Albania, which is of high- must be granted to all denominations, est importance for the cause of Chris- saying, "the Moravos are our brethren, tian missions. The:se schools were who worship Jesus, only in different closed because they had used text- form, and whose religious principles books printed with Latin letters. In must be respected and guaranteed by future all books, except the Koran and us." It therefore moved to give the the catechism, may be printed thus Moravian Church the legal rights of a

person. The Protestant member of second statement is even more pro· Congress, Mr. Hooker, asked that not foundly a cause of thanksgiving. only the Moravian Church, but all "These men told me that within a year Protestant churches be granted legal rum selling would be prohibited. They rights. After much discussion a reso- went away this morning with a very lution was passed which was very simi- favorable impression of the work of lar to that proposed by the Roman the missions." Catholics, to which was added, "The churches of other denominations shall Everywhere in that district there is have legal rights and full liberty." This an eagerness to learn to read. On a reads well upon paper, but the future recent journey the chief of a village will show if such liberty of the Protes- formally made request for a teacher tant churches is possible so long as and the opening of a school, offering the Roman Catholics are the leaders. to build at his own expense houses for the school and teacher. Ten young PORTUGUESE SLAVERY DOOMED IN men from that village have bought AFRICA primers and are trying to learn to read by themselves. Last year we mentioned the slavery which persisted in the Portuguese USING WASTE MATERIAL colonies on the West Central coast of Africa. Many have been praying that The World's Sunday-school Assoin some way the conscience of Portu- ciation has undertaken a new and exgal might be stirred and this crime tremely practical form of missionary against humanity might be stopt. work in organizing a "Department for A letter dated April 7, 1911, from Mr. Utilizing Waste Material." The su- Woodside, of the American Board, perintendent is Rev. Samuel D. Price, shows a new and more encouraging of Chicago, and the object is to gather attitude and outlook, for which we things from those who have excess, are thankful. He says: and distribute them to those who have need. Many missionaries can use to "We have had with us for the past great advantage in their work the two days a couple of Portuguese offi- things which others throwaway. This cials. They are a commission sent by work of gathering and distributing is the new Governor General of Loanda growing rapidly. The names of misto put a stop to the slave trade. Word, sionaries have been sent to over 1,000 it seems, had been sent some time ago Sunday-schools or individuals, and that there was to be no more slave many more requests are corning from dealing. These men came to see if the mission fields than can be supplied. that order was being heeded. They Books, pictures, illustrated papers, visited all the mission stations in Bihe, maps, Bibles, lantern-slides, Sundaygiving to each missionary a list of school exercises, scrap-books, postalquestions they were asked to answer cards, and numberless other things in writing. They asked if we knew that have served their purpose at horne any white man who had bought slaves, may be still more greatly used in other whether we knew of any officials con- fields. Send a line of inquiry to Rev. niving at it, or whether we knew any Samuel D. Price, 805 Hartford Buildwhite man abusing the natives." A ing, Chicago, Ill.

TAPPAN PIERSON AND HIS WIFE} FRANCES BENEDICT

A characteristic portrait taken about 1901 ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON: HIS LIFE AND HIS MESSAGE MANY-SIDED VIEWS OF THE LATE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF CONTRIBUTED BY FRIENDS AND COWORKERS The name and writings of Arthur T. artist of no small ability. A few knew Pierson are known all over the world, him as above all a friend in the day of but the man himself was only appre- trouble or a wise adviser in time of ciated by a few. Noone knows a man perplexity, and some who saw him in but his Maker, and yet many may gain the social circle and the home rememglimpses of the real man from various ber Doctor Pierson as the devoted angles. It is thus a composite portrait husband and father, the man of home that most clearly and faithfully pre- love and friendly fellowship. None sents the character and work of the who came into any close contact with man as he really is and not merely as him ever doubted his honesty, ability, the individual sees him. or fidelity to the truth at whatever the cost to himself. Those who knew him To some Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was best recognized in him two great pasonly a flaming advocate of missions- sions that overshadowed all else-even the "Nestor of Foreign Missions," as love of home and family-first, an inone calls him. To another he was the tense love and loyalty to the Word of enthusiastic Bible student and the zeal- God, and a desire to know, teach and ous champion of Biblical inspiration. follow God's revealed will; second, an One saw him chiefly as an eloquent overwhelming desire to see the Kingpreacher, another as a gifted writer; dom of God extended throughout the some knew him as a musician and a world, and a passion to use voice and lover of music; others, as a poet or an

pen and money to help carry out the life-work. 2. Second, his period as a great commission of Christ. These preacher, with a desire to serve and two passions, that are so closely re- excel as a Biblical and literary master lated and yet are sometimes unfortu- of sermon writing and delivery. This nately divorced, set the heart and soul period closed with the burning of of the man on fire, and he was willing the Fort Street Church in Detroit in and anxious to burn himself out in 1876, when he gave up literary preachtheir cause. ing for extemporaneous, evangelistic and expository speaking. 3. Third, Hi. Life Hiatory was the period of growing missionary zeal from 1876, when he offered to Doctor Pierson's life-history may be head a band of men to go into some divided into five periods: 1. First, his home missionary field and establish a days of preparation when at home, at Christian colony. During this time he school, at college, and in the theo- published his great "Trumpet Call;' logical seminary, God trained him in ways, seen and unseen, for his great DR. AND MRS. PIERSON, THEIR CH[LDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN*'

First row: Pierson Curtis, Mrs. Edith Pierson Evans, Rev. Frederick S. Curtis, Miss Anna W. Pierson, Arthur T. Pierson, Mrs. Jean Maclaughlan Pierson, Dr. Farrand B. Pierson.

Second row : Grace Curtis, Thomas S. Evans and Louise Evans, Mrs. Emma Belle Dougherty Pierson, Mrs. Helen Pierson Curtis, Mrs. A. T. Pierson, Ruth Evans, Miss Laura W. Pierson.

Third row: Gordon Curtis, Delavan L. Pierson, Ralph Curtis, Arthur Farrand Pierson. • This picture was taken at Northfield, Mass., in 1906. The only absent member -of the family was Miss Louise B. Pierson, who died while a missionary in India.

TAPPAN

the "Crisis of Missions," a book that knew that God hates all lying and dehad much to do with the great awa- ceit. This was one ground for his kening of the Church to wide mission- firm faith in the integrity of the scripary responsibility. 4. Fourth, was the tures. This characteristic often led period of international ministry when, him to say apparently harsh and unin 1891, he gave up stated salary and local pastorates to devote himself to A DRAWING BY DR. PIERSON wider work in America and England. 5. Fifth, there came in the closing ten A page from the golden·wedding volume pre· or fifteen years of his life a greater em- pared by Dr. Pierson for his wife in 1910. BeM phasis on more spiritual Bible study, neath the …drawing is the following verse, referring and a holier, more spiritual life. to their early married life: There was in the closing twenty-five years also a noticeable mellowing of Our home was humble, income smaU; character and a sweetening of disposi- Sometimes we had no cash at alI; tion that the earlier strenuous years of conflict against evil and struggle for And we were "up a tree!" mastery had retarded or obscured. But there was still a place to sleep> With clothes to wear and food to keep, Doctor Pierson was during all his life a hard worker, and the achievements And, once in a while, a "fee" 1 which many ascribed to unusual gifts were in reality due to unusual indus- kind things, but it was a surgeon's try. It was his custom to rise every kindness that pointed out the disease morning at 5 :30 or 6 :00 o'clock, in and desired to effect a cure. This also order that he might devote an hour led him to painstaking accuracy in the and a half or two hours to prayer smallest details, including sermoniand personal Bible study. It was dur- zing, Bible study, cash accounts, and ing these hours that he gained his letter-writing. Accuracy was a pasdeep insight into spiritual truth that sion with him, and wherever he was gave to his testimony and interpreta- led astray it was by trusting too much tion the ring of certainty and author- in the accuracy of others. ity. Every moment of the day was as conscientiously used, as were talents, strength and money-not in a parsimonious, solemn spirit, but as a good steward whose Master desired the health and happiness of his son and servant as well as his faithful service.

His Chief Characteristics Perhaps the three chief characteristics of Doctor Pierson, as viewed by his son, were first, his unswerving fidelity to truth and righteousness. He had no patience with fraud or falsehood of any kind. He believed in the absolute faithfulness of God, and

A second characteristic was his money, but to give a message to others. childlike simplicity of spirit. Only Here is the list: those who knew him best recognized this. Absolute faith in other men and Missions women sometimes led him astray, but one could deceive him only once; faith THE CRISIS OF MISSIONS. 1886. when shaken was with great difficulty THE DIVINE ENTERPRISE OF MISSIONS. 189l. restored. Trades people found in THE MIRACLES OF MISSIONS. (4 volumes.) Doctor Pierson a confiding customer, whom at times they might overreach 1891-190l. once, but his confidence was so genu- THE NEW ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. 1894. ine and friendly that they seldom took THE MODERN MISSION CENTURY. 1901. advantage of him. His judgment was also so good, as a rule, and his sense FORW ARD MOVEMENTS OF THE LAST HALF of stewardship was so strong that in business, as in theology, he usually CENTURY. 1900. succeeded. THE GREATEST WORK IN THE WORLD. The third prominent characteristic that we may note was his self-deny- Bible Study and Apologetics ing generosity. Doctor Pierson never sought things for himself. It was his MANY INFALLIBLE PROOFS. 1886. delight to give-money, time, talents, PAPERS FOR THINKING PEOPLE. 1892. influence, life-all were at the disposal of others. He would be as THE GORDIAN KNOT. 1892. pleased as a child if he could buy a IN CHRIST JESUS. 189B. suit of clothes at a bargain in order GOD'S LIVING ORACLES. 1904. that he might give more largely to THE BIBLE AND SPIRITUAL LIFE. 190B. God's work or to a brother in need. Giving was his one extravagance-i f THE BIBLE AND SPIRITUAL CRITICISM. 1905. it might be so termed. For years it THE ACTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. 1895. has been the custom of Doctor Pierson and his wife on their birthdays STUMBLING STONES REMOVED. 1895. and anniversaries to make presents to others. Their joy was to increase LESSONS IN THE SCHOOL OF PRAYER. the joy of others, to save in order that they might give. Even the money THE ONE GoSPEL. 1889. spent on themselves was not for lux- KNOWING THE SCRIPTURES. 1910. ury or personal comfort but in order KEYS TO THE WORD. 1887. that they might be enabled to do more THE INSPIRED WORD. 1888. efficient work. Spiritual Life and Sermons As an Author THE KESWICK MOVEMENT. 1903. The great industry of Doctor Pier- SHALL WE CONTINUE IN SIN? 1897. son is shown in the n"!arly fifty books THE MAKING OF A SERMON. 1907. that he wrote during his lifetime. THE HEART OF THE GoSPEL. 1892. These cover many themes, but each THE HEIGHTS OF THE GOSPEL. 1893. THE HOPES OF THE GOSPEL. 1896. one was written, not for fame or THE COMING OF THE LORD. 1896. GODLY SELF-CONTROL. 1909. THE SPIRITUAL CLINIQUE. 1909.

THE SPIRIT'S VOICE TO THE CHURCHES.

THE BELIEVER'S LIFE.

LOVE IN WRATH.

LIFE POWER. 1895.

Biography GEORGE MULLER, OF BRISTOL. 1899. JAMES WRIGHT, OF BRISTOL. 1906. CATHARINE, OF SIENNA. 189B. SEVEN YEARS IN SIERRA LEONE. 1897.

General SEED THOUGHTS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS. 1900. THE DIVINE ART OF PREACHING. 1892.

EVANGELISTIC WORK IN PRINCIPLE AND PRACTISE. 1887. A VOLUME OF SERMONS (NEW). 1911.

ANSWERED PRAYER.

THE BIBLE IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC.

HOPE, THE LAST THING IN THE WORLP.

IN FULL ARMOUR.

THE CORONATION HYMNAL. 1894.

The suggestion as to a permanent and fitting memorial to Dr. Pierson will be found in the editorial notes (page 617). Friends will find it of interest.

ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON 57

The Early and Later Day. of the Presbyterian Church at Sing Sing, I was the successor of Rev. BY REV. WILSON PHRANER, D.O. John P. Lundy, who was his brother- in-law. having married his eldest sis- A former pastor and teacher of Dr. Pierson, and ter. For some time during the later a lifelong friend-now ninety years of age. years of his preparation for college, My recollections of our beloved DR. :PIERSON'S PARENTS friend extend back to the early period of his childhood and youth. He was Sally Ann Wheeler Pierson and Joseph H. Pierson born in the city of New York on March 6, 1837. I was first introduced Arthur Pierson was a member of my to him on the first Sabbath of May, congregaton. In 1857, at the age of 1843, when he, a lad of six years, was twenty, he was graduated from Hambrought by his sister to the Sabbath- ilton College, and then took his theoschool of Old Spring Street Church, logical course at Union Theological New York, of which I was then super- Seminary, New York, from which he intendent. The boy was placed in the was graduated in 1860, and was liinfant class, and as I entered the censed by the Presbytery of New church after Sabbath-school his York and ordained as an evangelist. mother met me and said: "Did my little boy Arthur join your school to- After supplying a church at Winday?" "Yes," I replied. Never will sted, Conn., and his marriage to Miss I forget the expression on the moth- Sarah Frances Benedict of New York er's face as she said: "Be sure you on July 12, 1860, he accepted a call make a Christian of him. I want all to the Congregational Church of Bingmy children to be Christians and to hamton, N. Y. For three years he live honorable, useful lives." labored there with much acceptance, I knew Arthur Pierson during his early school-days, and I taught him his Latin and Greek in the Mount Washington Institute, New York. I was then completing my studies in the Seminary. In his boyhood days Arthur Pierson was unusually bright and cheery, and gave promise of the brilliant future which was before him. He was studious in his habits, quick to learn, and remarkably intelligent and ambitious to win the approbation of his teachers. At the age of fifteen he made profession of his faith in Christ, and even in his boyhood was earnest and active as a Christian disciple. He first became a member of the Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Church, then under the charge of Rev. Dr. Samuel D. Burchard.

When I went in 1850 to take charge

and here his two eldest daughters a brilliant and powerful extemporanewere born. In 1863 he resigned to ous speaker. After thirteen years in Detroit, he was for one year pastor of 'Tll E C}lURCH AT BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK the Second Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, and from there went to Pastor, 1860·1863 the Bethany Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. This is the church of which the Hon. John Wanamaker is still a ruling elder and superintendent of the large Sabbath-school. Here, in a needy part of the city and in the midst of a very large number of young people, Dr. Pierson found a congenial field of labor, and here he did some of the best work in his life. He felt that he was adapted to the field, and with great earnestness and efficiency he prosecuted his work and gathered a rich and precious harvest into the Kingdom.

In 1888 he made his second trip abroad to England and the Continent, accept a call to the Presbytel'ian THE CHURCH AT WATERFOR~. NEW YORK Church of Vaterford, N. Y., where he spent six years in an active and Pastor, 1863·1869 useful ministry. I well remember having exchanged pulpits with him and the same year he became, at the during this period, and I learned from urgent request of Dr. Royal G. Wilder, his people that he was very highly esteemed and his work was greatly appreciated by his congregation and by the community. In 186<) he was called to the Fort Street Presbyterian Church of Detroit, Mich ., accepted . and there spent thirteen years (186<) to 1882). Here he grew in strength and his influence in the church was greatly extended. In 1876 his church edifice burned down, and for sixteen months he preached in the Opera I-louse. It was at this time that he was led to lay aside his manuscript, the use of which he never afterward resumed. It is no doubt largely due to this fact that he became so noted as

19II ] ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON

the editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Pierson as the results of this visit, and 01<' THE VVORLD. While always and in we hoped for new inspiration and imc all his pastorates he showed his in- pulse to the great cause of foreign terest in the work of missions, yei missions. The results of his personal this work grew upon him as the years observation, his fellowship with his went by, until he became so absorbed missionary brethren, and of the field in it that he was willing to devote his life and energies to the promotion of THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, INDIANAPOLIS the interests of this great cause. He took up the work of advocating the Pastor, 1882-1883 cause of missions with great enthusiasm, and to the end of his life it and the work would have been most largely absorbed his attention. His cordially welcomed, but God has in ruling passion, as one has well said, His infinite wisdom ordered otherwas the "evangelization of the world," wise. Our friend was not permitted and he became an expert and an au- to carry out his full purpose. Early thority upon the subject of foreign in his journey he was taken ill, and missions, having a larger and fuller was only able to visit the Hawaiian acquaintance with the subject than al- Islands and Japan and Korea. He remost any man of his day. turned home, and after a brief period of suffering he passed to the larger life During his several visits abroad he in the Better Land beyond. He did was preacher at the Metropolitan not regret having gone on this visit Tabe.rnacle for two years, and he to the foreign field. filled· the same position in Christ's Church, London, for two different Thus ended, at the age of seventyterms. He was the Exeter Hall lec- four, an unusually earnest, active, effiturer on Bible Study at three different times, and also gave the Duff Missionary Lectures in Scotland in 1893. After returning to America he annually lectured at Northfield in the Moody Schools and Conferences, and men and women gathered from far and wide to hear him. It was largely through his influence that the Student Volunteer movement was founded in Mount Hermon in 1886, and he was the author of the watchword.

Dr. Pierson's lectures and missionary sermons in many churches made his influence widely felt in behalf of worldwide missions. It was his deep interest in this subject which led him to undertake a personal visit to the foreign missionary field. Much was anticipated by the many friends of Dr.

cient and useful life. Few men have Hi. Student Life been able to make their influence on behalf of the blessed Gospel so widely BY REV. DELAVAN L. LEONARD, D.D. felt. By his preaching, his missionary lectures. his articles in THE MISSION- A college-mate and lifelong friend and coworloer ARY REVIEW, and by his numerous books he reached and quickened and My first meeting with Arthur T. helped vast multitudes of his fellow Pierson occurred in October of 1855 -a little over fifty-and-five years ago. He had then just entered his junior year in Hamilton College, at Clinton, THE BETHANY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND SUNDAY-SCHOOL} PHILAD&LPHIA Pastor, 1883·1891 men in many parts of the world. Sure- N. Y., and I a few hours before had ly such a life was worth living, and arrived upon the campus, an utter those of us who survive and who per- stranger, to begin my studies as a sonally knew and loved and appre- freshman. After supper, as I was ciated his character and work, as standing upon the steps of South Colwell the Church and world at large, lege, at the entrance of one of the have reason to thank God for giving halls, taking in my new surroundings to his Church in our time this emi- (and opprest by more than a touch nently earnest and useful servant of of loneliness and homesickness), a the Gospel. "Blessed are the dead who student came up with extended hand, die in the Lord from henceforth. Yea, inquired my name and gave his. With saith the Spirit, that they may rest the utmost cordiality he invited me to from their labors and their works do his room, which happened to be upon follow them." the third floor above mine. There, al-

TAPPAN' PIERSON

most at once, we well-nigh literally only for illustration, or to lend force "fell" into a friendship and intimacy to what was said. Certain always to unmatched by any other in my life. have something to say which was well I had come from a farm in Western worth hearing, he was also certain to New York, was clad in plainest attire, say it in such a way as to hold the my face sunburnt and my hands hard- attention of the hearer. Tho at gradu- ened with toil; while he was city ation he was as yet scarcely out of born and bred, and arrayed in gar- boyhood, being less than twenty, at ments which both for quality and style various points the evidence was con- far surpassed anything I had ever clusive that, should he live. his achieve- seen! Tho a member of the junior ments were destined to be far more class, from the first he treated me as than ordinary. None who knew him an equal, and appeared to desire my well in college were surprized when he friendship. That first evening in par- was invited to fill various promment ticular I was fairly stunned by my pulpits. even to the one made world- new friend's musical ability, both vocal famous by its connection with the and instrumental, as with voice and name of Spurgeon.

nimble fingers upon his melodeon he Naturally, his ability as an author rendered divers hymn-tunes and an- was not surmized in college days; but thems not only, but also passages from it is mainly through his writings that this and that oratorio and opera. The he will be remembered longest and by fellowship thus begun continued until the largest number. His monument is his graduation two years afterward, found in the pages of the twenty-two and again for a year in Union Theo- volumes of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW logical Seminary. and his books, which number nearly As a student Arthur Pierson was half a hundred.

really brilliant in many points. He stood well in all his classes, and came A Classmate'. Tribute within one of carrying off the highest BY REV. WILLIAM J. ERDMAN, D.D.

honors at graduation. This mark of A classmate and a lifelong friend intellectual genius was his: what In this brief tribute of love and es· many were able to gain and wield teem, I would call attention to the only after a severe tug for hours, he special preparation for his life work would grasp quickly-almost by intu- as a wonderful instance and iIlustra· ition. His memory also was phenom- tion of a divine purpose and ordering. enal; all his intellectual possessions Such preparation was both intellecseemed to be ready for use whenever tual and spiritual. wanted. To me, who knew Arthur T. Pier- On the platform, before an audi- son intimately for over fifty years, he ence, he was found at his best. now stands out in clearest light as one Scarcely ever did he approach a fail- who possest phenomenal abilities and ure or fail to please and edify. His varied acquirements, which he had form and presence were attractive, his consecrated wholly to the service and voice was musical, with seemingly glory of his Lord and Savior.

limitless reserves of power; his ges- His mental equipment was remark· tures were graceful, and were meant able. It was distinguished by quick-

ness of apprehension, tenaciousness of and luminous statements and cogent memory, clarity of judgment in mat- arguments so characteristic of his ters literary and logical, and an artis- writings and public discourses. The tic sense of harmony and proportion, Spirit of God fused and minted all which imparted to his style and char- into the new coin of the heavenly acteristics so distinctive that his wri- realm. tings were easily recognized by his constant readers. In brief, Dr. Pierson was thus pre- pared in earlier years for the great He had a power of accurate and di- mission to which God called and forerect utterance in his public addresses ordained him. It was no common man which made it possible to follow him who for two years, without loss to the with ease through the most elaborate church of its prestige or power, took arguments. Altho he was a genius, up the work of Charles H. Spurgeon brilliant, bold, fertile in imagination in his world-commanding pulpit; who and comprehensive in knowledge, he later lectured before thousands in Exwas noted for tireless industry and eter Hall, and in the cities of Great painstaking in the accumulation and Britain, and who always met most methodical arrangement of his knowl- acceptably the intellectual and spiritual edge. He was a signal illustration of requirements of the Keswick Conventhe oft-quoted definition of a scholar tions and Northfield Conferences. -"one who knows something of everything, and everything of some- In all such places, as well as in his thing"; and in his case, through a publications, there was the bold afdeep, purifying, spiritual experience, firmation of unworldly, evangelical that "something," of which he would truth. It was not possible for him to know everything, became the Sacred falter in his testimony to the need and Scriptures and Foreign Missions. power of the gospel "of Christ and Him crucified" to save men of every This spiritual change and conse- nation; he had been too mightily conquent consecration of all his powers vinced of the supernatural origin of to the service of the Lord took place the Scriptures, and of the weakness during his pastorate in Detroit, Mich. and unwisdom of an all-accommodat- In addition to other causes, it was due ing liberalism. in great measure to the testimony of Major D. W. Whittle, who was then His belief in the premillennial comengaged in evangelistic labors in that ing of our Lord to close "this present city. In this crisis of his life his am- evil age" with judgment and to open bition became sanctified and was di- the blessed age to come, was firmly rected into the ways which led to a held and positively taught. great ministry of world-wide blessing. His departure to be with Christ has In the multiform testimony and made a great vacancy among the leadteaching of his addresses and books it ers of the Church at home and abroad; is clearly evident how the facts and but all fellow workers and Christians truths gathered through many years in many lands must thank God for the from various realms of human knowl- life and ministry of this faithful servedge and achievement, now served for ant of Christ, and earnest contender the making of those felicitous phrases for "the faith which was once for all delivered unto the saints."

TAPPAN PIERSON

In the Detroit Pastorate ing less than brilliant. But his style of BY ELISHA A. FRASER, ESQ. preaching was entirely changed. The A friend and member of the Detroit Church largest opera-house in the city was Ifhen Arthur Tappan Pierson, a engaged for preaching services. Peoyoung man, not many years out of the ple of all denominations thronged to seminary, became pastor of the Fort Street Presbyterian Church forty-two years ago, he immediately became dis- tinguished as the preacher of sermons far out of the ordinary for their liter- ary style and scholarly finish. These classical productions attracted large congregations. His fame spread abroad. Visitors from other cities quite generally availed themselves, when in Detroit, of the privilege of hearing his discourses. He was in constant demand on special occasions throughout the State. It is not at all surprizing that the young man, flat- tered by such admiration, should be somewhat ambitious to make his ser- mons and addresses still more literary.

He subsequently states that such was the fact.

On the roth of November, A.D.

1876, the Fort Street Presbyterian Church was destroyed by fire. This was a structure of the Gothic type, of surpassing beauty, the pride of its pastor, the admiration of all beholders.

It was a sermon in stone. For more THE FORT STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, DETROIT than two decades the passing mil- Pastor, 1869·1882 lions had gazed upon it, to be forever hear the Gospel preached by Doctor after better men and women for the Pierson, and many came who had not beautiful vision that spoke to them of been accustomed to attend any relig- the Source of all beauty. The destruc- ious services. He laid aside his writ- tion of this building made a profound ten sermons, and without notes, look- impression upon the brilliant occupant ing squarely into the eyes of his audi- of its pulpit, and he afterward de- tors, delivered some of the most con- clared that it marked an epoch in his vincing and powerful sermons it has life. He gave up preaching for liter- ever been my pleasure and profit to ary effect, and his motto henceforth hear. The result was one of the great- was, "W0 is unto me if I preach not est religious revivals our city has the Gospel." Not that his sermons ever experienced. Scores of converts were less brilliant. He could be noth- were added to many of the churches

of all denominations in Detroit. Some to his persuasion for all good causes, of our most prominent and influential and their response was generous.

men date their conversion to a Chris- Doctor Pierson was invariably in tian life to those Opera House serv- Presbytery and Synod always facile ices. princeps. On one occasion, when as Doctor Pierson had no narrow con- a delegate I accompanied him to Syn- ception of his sphere of duty. He was od, the State University at Ann Arbor interested in the civic affairs of De- was under discussion, and some of the troit. and his voice was frequently delegates were denouncing the insti- heard in condemnation of the wrong tution as irreligious. The sons and and commendation of the right. All daughters of many Presbyterian fam- religious movements to advance the ilies were there, and I can distinctly cause of the Master received his en- recall Doctor Pierson's eloquent decla- dorsement without regard to creed or ration that if the facts were as stated, party politics: then there was a field for missionary He was one of the leaders in the labor at Ann Arbor. Steps were imme- founding of the Detroit Presbyterian diately taken with that end in view, and Alliance, an organization which united this resulted, under the leadership of all the Presbyterian churches of the Dr. Wallace Radcliffe (Dr. Pierson's city for the purpose of extending successor) in the establishment of Christian work. Largely through this the Tappan Presbyterian Association, agency the number of Presbyterian which now has buildings and other· churches in Detroit have been quin- property at Ann Arbor worth more tupled. than fifty thousand dolIars and a pro- He was influential in his own church spective endowment of one hundred in securing large contributions to all thousand dollars. This institution has good causes, and especially made his now its own student-pastor to look congregation conspicuous as one of after the religious welfare of about the best contributors to Home and eight hundred Presbyterian students in Foreign Missions. His church-mem- attendance at the University of Michibership was wealthy and influential. gan in Ann Arbor. Other denomina- Zachariah Chandler, then United tions emulating this example are doing States Senator, and Russell A. Alger, a like service for their students at the afterward United States Senator, and same institution. Similar work is also both subsequently members of presi- being done at other State universities dential cabinets at Washington, and throughout the Union. both likewise prominently mentioned as candidates for President of the The fourteen years of Dr. Pierson's United States, were regular members pastorate were fruitful in so many di- rections that it would be impossible to trace in this brief article. Our city of his congregation. James F. Joy, and State are living on a higher plane known throughout the Union as the because of his sojourn with us. To promoter and builder of railroads, elaborate would require a volume. His with judges, lawyers, men of all pro- influence in the labor of these years fessions and merchant princes, was shall go on widening for all time.

one of the trustees. Such men yielded "Blessed are the dead which die in the

Lord . . . their works do follow As a Miuionary Advocate them." Elder E. C. Walker once designated this pastorate as "the Gold- BY ROBERT E. SPEER en Age" of our church. A friend and spiritual son In the month of February, A.D. 1899, we celebrated the fiftieth anni- It is a privilege to be permitted to versary of the Fort Street Church. bear testimony to the influence which Doctor Pierson was present and de- Dr. Pierson exerted upon the mission- livered a stirring and elegant address. ary thought and life of his day. He wrote a Jubilee Hymn, which was sung on that occasion, one which we He was one of the great seers of the treasure as one of our most valued world vision. Early in his ministry possessions: he lifted up his eyes and looked upon the field, and as he looked he saw The Jubilee Hymn that it extended far beyond Bingham- ton, Waterford, Detroit, Indianapolis, o God, we adore Thee, and worship be- Philadelphia-that it embraced the whole world. There are many still fore Thee, who do not see this or who, thinking Thy praise tunes the harps of the they see it, are nevertheless dominated by preferences which split up the heavenly throng; world and postpone the claims of Thy love is eternal, Thy glory supernal; parts of it until other parts have been first supplied, or condition the offer Accept our thanksgiving and jubilant of the Gospel to some for whom Christ song. died upon its prior acceptance by others for whom He died no more. Thy mercy has led us, Thy Goodness has But Dr. Pierson saw the world whole, fed us, and thenceforward he Jived and wrought for the evangelization of it Thy Pillar has guided our wandering all, America and England, France and feet; Russia equally with China, India and Africa, and these equally with those. Thy wisdom has taught us, and now This world view profoundly affected Thou has brought us his conception of the Gospel and of Christ. It gave him a gospel as great In festal assembly, rejoicing to meet. as all humanity and a Christ greater than humanity. The view which men For fifty years cherished, this church has take of Christ is determined largely not perished, by the work they expect of Him. If all that is expected is an ethical ex- For Thou has upheld from the days of ample, the person of Christ con- its youth; tracts to that expectation. When men had a deep sense of sin and realized The lamp is yet shining, the light not that the work which must be done declining, for them was a work which only the Eternal in the flesh could do, then the The Flame still supplied with the oil person of Christ expanded and men of Thy truth. saw in Him their glorious God. Dr.

Some passing Death's portals, have joined the immortals, At home in the Church of the First- born above; Their worship inspiring, the:ir service untiring, Where day knows no night, and where life is all Love.

Our Jubilee meeting is rapidly fleeting, And pathways, unknown and untrod- den, to trace; Go Thou, Lord, before us; be Thy ban- ner o'er us, Till gathered at last to the praise of Thy grace.

Pierson had the great view of Christ pressure of this conception in full which a profound sense of sin and of power. It was looking and hoping sin's awfulness and of the wonder of for the second coming of Christ, and sin's forgiveness and defeat gives to a that great expectation filled it with man. But he had an even greater the earnestness and eagerness and in- view of Christ, for to the immensity tensity which came from its convic- of the work which he saw Christ do- tion that its enterprise was practicable ing in a single soul in dealing with and that it might and must make ready sin, was added the immensity of the for the coming of the Son of Man.

work which he saw Christ was to do Dr. Pierson held in this regard the for the world in destroying its sin, and Apostolic expectation. He did not by His Own promises and in His own fix the time of our Lord's return, just time, bringing in His world kingdom. as the New Testament writers did These views of the world as the ob- not, but he knew that the Christian's ject of Christ's love and redeeming proper attitude, if he is to be faithful grace, and as the field of the Church's to his Lord, is the attitude of vigilant mission, gave him a Gospel adequate preparedness. "Watch, therefore, for to the needs of each human soul and at such an hour as ye think not, the of our home lands. He early per- Son of Man cometh." But it was mt ceived that an English Gospel can from the Apostolic hope alone that he not save England or a single Eng- drew this spirit, altho the connection lishman, that the only Gospel which is between Christ's second coming and adequate to any local need is the uni- world evangelization, was to him, as versal Gospel, and that the sooner and it is to many, a Scriptural principle; the more fully we offer it to every it was also from his study of the creature, the richer and more massive world's need of the Gospel, from the will be its appeal and its ministry to New Testament representation of the each creature. A Gospel which is as salvation of Christ as the only salva- busy saving China as it is in saving tion, from the rapid movements of the Scotland will the sooner and more ef- world's life, from the opening of all fectively save both. He saw this, and doors, from the challenging successes his evangelistic message, which was of mission work, from the peril of ever fresh and effective, was indis- ~piritual clec1ens,ion and poverty at solubly bound to his missionary mes- home, if the primary duty of the sage. And conversely, he realized that Church was neglected. All these and the Gospel which is to be able to cross other considerations combined to fill wide seas and make an impact on him with an eager energy for imme- heathen lands must have an enormous diate efforts to carry the Gospel to the momentum, which can only be given whole world. The founders of the re- to it at home, and which must be given form missionary enterprise struck this to it here, if it is not to arrive with same note of immediacy. The evan- spent vitality. gelization of the world in their gener- In the second place, Dr. Pierson was ration was the noble dream of the one of the first to bring back into the early missionaries to the Sandwich missionary idea the conception of im- Islands. But for a generation or more mediacy. The early Church felt the the note of urgency had died low. Now

TAPPAN

it has sounded forth again loud and with incident and anecdote and fact.

clear. It was the dominant note at It ranged the whole world of life and Edinburgh, and to many that rich and all literature for its material, and it almost ecumenical reassertiOll of the fused all the material into a red and immediacy of our missionary duty wa"s contagious glow. There was always but the full and rounded utterance of the peril in such an apologetic of over- the message of which Dr. Pierson and strain, of seeing things in dispropor- a few others were the lonely voices tion, of startling the reader by taking in the wilderness, a quarter of a cen- hidden aspects and setting them in too turyago. brilliant a light, but these are the "The Crisis of Missions" was the perils of all propagandas, and if there book in which Dr. Pierson put his ap- was room for differences of spiritual peal-crisp, sharp, arousing. Hun- interpretation, nevertheless, the effort dreds of present-day advocates of mis- was always made to present facts and sions got their first inspiration "from to be sure that they were facts. In that "book. Some mission boards dis- public speech no men excelled Dr.

tributed it gratuitously to all minis- Pierson, Dr. A. J. Gordon and Dr.

ters of their denomination who would Ellinwood in presenting the new apol- promise to preach sermons on it. ogetic for missions, and in work with There are many situations which are his pen Dr. Pierson probably did more called "crises" which turn out very than any other one person to popu- ordinary, and there are situations care- larize missionary information and ap- lessly passed over by the Church peal. His books on "The Miracles which are real crises, bllt the world of Missions," his "New Acts of the conditions which were beginning cpostles," his missionary biographies when Dr. Pierson wrote this little such as of Muller and Johnson, and book, and the new missionary call his articles in the MISSIONARY REVIEW which was presented to the Church, were read by multitudes who began did truly constitute a crisis, and this to see that missions was one of the trumpet blast helped as much as any 1110st interesting and fascinating of single influence to awaken the Church themes. The "New Acts of the Apos- to realize the significance of the new tles" was the Duff Missionary Lec- day. tures, delivered in Scotland in 1893.

A third great missionary service He and Dr. Gordon had gone through rendered by Dr. Pierson was his part Scotland together after the World in the creation of a new type of mis- -'.fissionary Conference in London in sionary apologetic. He was one of a I888, and had kindled missionary fires little group, of which no one accom- wherever they had gone. In conse- plished more than he, which producel quence, Dr. Pierson was called back a new sort of missionary literature. in 1893 for the Duff Lectures. Dr.

This new type laid as much empha- Andrew Thomson, one of the older sis as the old upon Scripture principles missionary authorities, wrote: and the general grounds of appeal, "The fourth and most recent Duff but it was marked by a tingle, a Lecturer was the Rev. Arthur T. Pier- warmth, a penetration, an imagination son, D.D., of Philadelphia, U. S. A., which were new, and it was filled whose name is pleasantly familiar to

the churches of Christ on both sides that memorable conference. But for of the Atlantic. The title of his lec- a generation Dr. Pierson had been tures, which form the contents of the preaching this idea. At Northfield, I present volume, is 'The New Acts of think, in 1887, he set forth a plan of the Apostles; or, The Marvels of world missionary actiVIty which in- Modern Missions,' and their design volved the united effort of the Church was to compare the Christian Church to compass her whole task, and such a in the nineteenth century with the plan, I believe, was printed as a sup- Church in the first century, especially plement in some editions of The Crisis in their missionary aspects, and to of Missions. To be sure, this was not bring out the features of resemblance a new idea with him. Alexander Duff and of contrast between them. They had cherished it, and no later missionwere addrest in the early months of ary leader was more zealous than 1893, to crowded audiences, not only Carey in planning for the occupation in Edinburgh and Glasgow, but in of the whole world, but it was deemed Aberdeen, Dundee, and St. -Andrew's, novel enough to be scouted by many and some individual lectures were also when Dr. Pierson renewed the prodelivered in other places, as in Ar- posal of an organized, cooperative efbroath. They were as new and fra- fort to occupy and evangelize the grant as the flowers of spring. His whole world. vigor and originality of thought, his extraordinary knowledge of all sub- In his eagerness to make missions jects connected with Christian mis- popular and to win for them the insions, his ingenuity and skill in the terest and support of the Church, he exposition of Scripture, and in extract- did not make the mistake of secularing from familiar texts new and unex- izing the missionary presentation, of pected stores of instruction, his inex- lowering the spiritual quality of the haustible command of anecdotes which missionary motive, of withdrawing the helped to enrich and enliven his ad- Cross. He put the missionary appeal dresses, his power of making external upon the highest spiritual plane, and nature pay tribute to spiritual instruc- no one ever heard him present the tion, as well as the flowing fervor of cause without being made aware of his appeals-made multitudes listen the sacrificial shadow that lay upon it. unwearied for hours in silence." It is interesting to note how free the foreign missionary appeal still is from Dr. Pierson early learned to view secondary and inferior elements. They the missionary task as the task of do creep in, and they have their legitthe whole Church. Much was said in imate place, but while some other Edinburgh and in the preparation for causes have become practically domithe Conference there of the opportu- nated by these considerations, foreign nity which the Conference was to pre- missions remain a spiritual enterprise, sent for the first time to the Church of resting upon spiritual arguments and viewing her undertaking as a whole- cleaving close still to the person and the whole Church facing her whole cross of Christ. It was no small task in the whole world. This concep- achievement of the Spirit of Christ to tion, tho it was only limitedly possible save so ardent an advocate as Dr. at Edinburgh, gave its greatness to Pierson from the perils of overpopu-

TAPPAN

larizing his cause, and of resting it friend, Doctor Pierson, were again in upon motives which have in them the the flesh, I am sure that he would have elements, at least, of self-interest, of a it so, and, indeed, he so exprest himracial or national glory. His cause self in his last days. was Christ's alone, and Christ's name and Christ's cross and Christ's glory One or two things are prominently were the only things to be thought in my mind when I look at the life and about or spoken of in its advocacy. character of Doctor Pierson. I have always been profoundly imprest by his Lastly, we may mention the tirelessness of his toil for missions and '/tt.-.~.Yt~ttf".MV~""- the intensity of his appeal. To him it was a great cause, and as the preser- ~A4-e.x.xXY/ll:;"– vation of the Union, the abolition of slavery, the maintenance of Sta~es' Jk-77~~~/~~4fflu:;…..-t­ rights or political loyalty had set men ~f'o/Mm.-;A–;~~.. ablaze and kept the fires glowing during the Civil War, so the great cam- ;..uw;~~(t.¢,a-dYlI.I'-'fjl·Wnt.k.tH' paign of a world's evangelization influenced him and made him restive and ,feager. It is hard to keep up such intensity in an agelong campaign, but 1i'uAW~~i1~e~~ he held that the age need not be as ~~~~;;~ long as lethargy and disobedience may ~IftHty~ make it, and that now is the appointed time, and not to-morrow. Therefore /P~~-.J~Ur~ he remembered his Lord's words: ~-;r"7~: ~udu, '~~ "We must work the works of Him c4/!.ffl.Vttr-..; ~~~: ki;ffflU-,. that sent us while it is day, before ~1(~1~~ the night cometh, when no man can work." May we also remember them! ~~~: '~JfyItMw, ;£"",.1.–.

As a Bible Student· ~~tm-V:~"-I11L.t; 4'""""

BY REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D., tffrf'vl f(~~,~ wtl…ry NEW YORK ~~~lN~~ A close personal friend in England and America A PAGE OF MANUSCRIPT When one of our Lord's choice servants goes home to glory it seems to From Dr. Pierson's last book, "Knowing the me that, to the spirits that look on the Scriptures," written with a crippled hand, scene with other eyes than ours, it is at seventy·three years of age. not a funeral but a wedding. If this be so, then the Lord of the wedding conception of Christ, and he always would designate as the suitable gar- laid hold of me and thrilled me ment, not a robe of mourning but the through and through when he was exgarment of praise. If our beloved pounding Paul. I liked him best when he took up the Epistle to the Ephe- * From an address at the funeral services. Sten- sians, and soared to high places in o~rapher's report, lIot corrected by Dr. Jowett. Christ Jesus. I liked to hear him, when, with all those rare powers of-his marvelous intellect, he delved deep and brought up new treasures of grace. Two years ago, when I was at Northfield, one night I attempted the almost impossible task of speaking of Saint Paul and the Church, and his

Epistle to the Thessalonians. Doctor in His wings. Doctor Pierson would Pierson's own wonderfully exercised proclaim Him as the ransom from sin. powers could take a slight hint from Everyone knows, too, what a pas- another man and use it. I remember sionate delight Doctor Pierson had in the way in which he spoke of the the vVord of God. I have seen young many years he had been trying to men, but never an old man, with such understand more and more the won- a passionate delight in the Word of derful God, Jesus Christ. The one God. He had as much interest and and foremost lesson of Doctor Pier- enthusiasm in searching out new texts son's life was that he could preach a as a young student, just beginning his Christ big enough to save the world. ministry. He would show the same de- He had a tremendous conception of light in finding out some new beauty Christ. The great aim and work of or truth in the Bible as an ardent our lives is the proclaiming of a Christ botanist would show in discovering before whom men shall be bowed in some new flower. We read in the first holy awe and reverence. The editor Psalm: "His leaf also shall not withof a very influential American news- er." If that means anything, it means paper has written me to say that his this: The leaf is a thing of the early whole life has been changed by a con- spring. The leaf is not to witherception of the Lord Jesus Christ. even when the fall comes. Surely our Doctor Pierson's spirit was alway.3 friend kept the leaf of hope, and the bowed in prayer and reverence before leaf of young surprize and enthusiasm our Lord. He had that vast concep- and the youth of an ever-unwithering tion of the Lord Jesus Christ that be- surprize in the promises and, word came the vast conception of the ampli- of his Lord. His knowledge of the tude of the Christian Gospel. Every 'Word of God was always enriched by one will remember the audacity with these new discoveries. He brought which he would proclaim the Gospel. forth fruit in old age. He would stand up, and with holy au- I wonder what his wonderful powdacity and without the flickering of a ers are doing now – those powers single doubt proclaim the efficacy of that have been so much exercised durthe Gospel for every need. He re- ing the past years. N ow, as Paul minded me of John Vlesley in the au- would say, his senses are exercised to dacity with which he would analyze discern. I wonder what new problem a sin or vice, and then, when you felt he is at work upon. I wonder what appalled by the dark horror of it, new glory the Lord has set him to seek would proclaim the Gospel of Christ out, and very reverently would I say as adequate for its removal. I have it, I am sure the Lord will say to him: seen him in England when he had "Vell done. Come hither, I have new bowed a great audience almost to ut- work for you to do." I wonder what ter despair, unveiling sin after sin, it is. I think he is so engaged, and I wickedness after wickedness, loath- am sure he is rejoicing in the newsomeness after loathsomeness in the found opportunities of the wor1cl of human heart, and then would bring in light and unfading glory. We leave the light of the dawn, as the Sun of him in that glory, at the throne of Righteousness would rise with healing grace, in the presence of His Lord.

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TWO PAGES FROM DR. PIERSON'S INTERLEAVED, WIDE·MARGIN BIBLE The right·hand This is one of a number of Bib1es that Dr. Pierson marked carefully in his daily Bible study. The left·hand page shows the interleaf with notes on 1 Cor. 1: 30 and 1 Cor. 12: 1.

page shows the method of marking the Bible, and marginal notes. It was very unusual, however, to find any ink blot on the page.

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At Northfield and Mount Hermon maturity of spiritual experience and BY WILLIAM R. MOODY a very immature youth.

A personal friend and coworker But when in 1899 the responsibil- The richest heritage for an individ- ities resulting from the passing of the ual or an institution is that of a founder of the work at Nortfield en, true friend. Into such a heritage the tailed duties and demands that were Northfield Schools and Conferences new, the friendship with Doctor Pier, entered upon the passing of the found- son became close, and ripened into an er, D. L. Moody, in the loyal friend- affectionate intimacy. To his wise ship of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson. From counsel on many occasions, as well as the beginning of the Northfield work to his sympathy and prayers, is to be he had been a sympathetic colaborer attributed much of the continued with D. L. Moody, and contributed by blessing upon the conferences and his ministry to the development of the schools.

work. In r886, when the first Stu- Of Doctor Pierson's ministry at the dent Conference was held at Mount conferences, both as Bible teacher, Hermon, Mr. Moody sought the as- spiritual guide and missionary zealot, sistance of Doctor Pierson, to whose thousands can testify. When in 1908 zeal for missionary labor was largely and 1909 he conducted the daily Bible due the interest then awakened in our class at the Auditorium, the attend- colleges in behalf of non-Christian ance was from the first the largest of lands. His far-sighted vision and stir- any day session. Nor was the inter, ring addresses were instrumental in est abated in any degree, but cantin, bringing about the formation of the ued throughout the two weeks of the Student Volunteer movement, which gathering. Nor will those who heard originated at that time. his missionary addresses ever forget For the next thirteen years Doctor the impression made upon them by his Pierson was closely associated with vast fund of missionary history and the leader of the several gatherings anecdote. And when he presented that convene each summer at North- some deep spiritual truth his memory field. To his stirring addresses on of Scripture and power in reasoning behalf of missions, to his enthusiasm never failed.

in Bible study, and to his appeals to But that of which comparatively individuals for deeper spiritual experi- few are familiar was his influence ence, many are to-day attributing a upon the students in the Northfield new view of life and a realization of schools. It might be thought that greater possibilities of Christian serv- with maturity of thought and experi, ice. ence he would have failed to impress But it has only been during the last young people. But such was not the twelve years that the writer can bear case. He possest that which is the personal testimony of what Doctor mark of greatest distinction in either Pierson has been to Northfield. Prior a teacher or preacher-he could inter, to that time his friendship was that of est the young.

a young man to his Father's friend, a To those of us who knew Doctor relationship characterized by a certain Pierson, it has seemed that his lec'

distant respect natural between great tures and informal chapel talks at the

Northfield schools represented his best friends who appreciated and loved work. There was a freedom that was him, it was a rare and priceless pleasborn of a mutual sympathy between ure to be admitted to the intimacies speaker and audience which was less of his home. Exhaustless funds of evident in some of the summer con- humor, repartee, incidents of travel ferences. Especially was this true at and reminiscences of men and things Mount Hermon, where Doctor Pier- were always at his disposal. Like son was loved by a warmth unusual fresh and sparkling fountains, you among boys for one so many years were continually coming on them. But their senior. the main interest was always religion. His favorite themes were always of In speaking of Doctor Pierson's God and the Bible, of some new light sympathy and loyalty it must not be that had illuminated a familiar text, inferred that he was blind to faults of or of some new phase of spiritual exhis associates. His conception of true perience which had been unfolded to friendship was far too high for that. him. Never a word of unkind and While he was straightforward in criti- malicious criticism; never a sentence cism and even reproof, it was ad- unworthy of the high dignity of an drest to the individual whom he felt ambassador of Christ. If there was was wrong, and did not become a sub- lightning, it was summer lightning, ject of gossip. This was a trait of and harmless. character which made for him friends among true and earnest men. He was Whether he had visited London bea faithful and loyal friend in every fore 1888 I am not sure, but in that respect. year his striking personality and mar- velous knowledge of the missionary In coming years Doctor Pierson's problems first arrested the attention presence will be missed at Northfield. and compelled the admiration of Brit- Without the helpfulness of his counsel ish Christians. From that time his and the inspiration of his ministry the position was secured, and he held it conferences and schools will be the with the growing loyalty and love of poorer. But the memory of what h~ all to the end. It was felt that of the was will be an inspiration to all who new missionary movement which was were privileged to know him and en- initiated, here was a worthy exponent joy his fellowship. and apostle. From all sides appeals were made for him to visit large cen- Ministry in Great Britain ters of population, or to give address- es and sermons in connection with all BY REV. F. B. MEYER. LONDON. sects and denominations. Questions Long a friend and coworker were not asked as to which branch of the Church he belonged; it was uni- My friendship with Doctor Pierson versally realized that he could not be began with my earliest association with classed and labeled as most men are. the Northfield Conferences in 1887. Here was a man sent from God! His deep spirituality. profound knowledge of Scripture, and enthusiasm for He did not remain in England, howmissionary enterprise were extraor- ever, at that time, as he had accepted dinarily attractive. and bound me to the honorable position of Duff Lechil11 'jth hands of .;teel. Vhen he I a- ~n good f'hy~ical health and amid

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turer for 1889, and was anxious to wealth for preachers and speakers on spend the previous months in prepar- missionary themes. Several months ing his material. One of the secrets were spent at that time in itinerating of his life was his method in classify- Great Britain. It was my pleasant lot ing the results and accumulations of to arrange a very extended program his careful studies. I heard him de- of visitation, which he fulfilled with liver a masterly lecture on this subject marked power and blessing. Everyto the students of Mr. Spurgeon's Col- where great audiences gathered, and THE METROPOLITAN TABERNACLE, LONDON Here Dr. Pierson was acting pastor during the illness and after the death of Rev. Charles Haddon Spurgeon, 1891·1893 lege, and tho it was not possible for his work among the ministers, at speeveryone to adopt his methods, it was cial meetings convened for them, was impossible not to realize how much his phenomenal. I have notes of his adfull and enriching speech owed to that dresses by me still, which indicated the lifelong habit of storing and arrange- deep spirituality and Scriptural inment. His house in Brooklyn was sight of his teaching at this time. Still crowded with books and manuscripts, in England one comes across individubut at any moment he could lay his als who confess their lifelong indebthand on the illustration or incident edness to the impressiom received durhe required. ing that tour. His work in Ireland and Wales was specially fruitful. Those lectures, which by request were delivered more than once, still During these years Mr. Spurgeon's further increased his fame. In their health was beginning to break, and as published form they had a wide cir- it became increasingly clear that he culation, and presented new mines of must take a prolonged rest, if he were

ever to resume his ministry, many day. I should imagine that at no time minds were turned to Doctor Pierson of his life was he more happy and sucas being preeminently qualified to fill cessful than at that season, except for the gap. Finally the summons came the growing sadness because of the to him, and at Mr. Spurgeon's per- tidings from Mentone. sonal request he came again to London, in October of 1891, to take the Throughout those dark and sad days temporary oversight of the Metropoli- Doctor Pierson was unremitting in ad- ministering consolation to the sorrow- stricken people, and when at last the sun set beneath the western wave, he stood out in all the tenderness of his heart's sympathy, as comforter and helper. His two sermons on the life and work of the departed pastor were as eloquent as they were discriminat- ing and appreciative, and he took part in the last great service of the day of interment. For some months after- ward he continued to fill the Taber- nacle pulpit.

Engagements at Northfield, United States of America, and elsewhere com- pelled him to return to his own coun- try in the summer of 1902, on the CHRIST CHURCH1 WESTMINSTER "BRIDGE ROADI LONDON understanaing that he would return to take up again his ministry at the Tab- Where Dr. Pierson was acting pastor in 1902·3 ernacle. This he did, and for a second , and 1907·8, during the absence of the period fulfilled the demands of that pastor, Rev. F. B. Meyer tan Tabernacle. From the outset his responsible position with conspicuous ministry there was a remarkable suc- ability.

cess. Sunday after Sunday the huge Later he most kindly and efficiently building was crowded morning and occupied the pulpit at Christ Church evening. His sermons commanded the for the five months of my mission to admiration of the highest intellects, India. He awakened the extraordi- while they were appreciated by the nary love and admiration of my peo- ordinary folk. They were used of ple. During that time large congre- God in building up believers and con- gations were maintained, and the great verting the unsaved and undecided. machinery of the church activities At that time I was minister at Christ gave evidence of quickened impulse.

Church, in the same part of London, At the meetings of the officers he pre- and we used to spend a good deal of sided with eminent tact and grace, and time together, especially on Monday the Monday Evening Prayer Meeting mornings, in which he used to recite was invested with new attractiveness.

with extraordinary interest the ser- Doctor Pierson was not only remark- mons and experiences of the preceding ably gifted as a preacher, he was also

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conspicuously fitted to exercise the grams and models, as well as by his pastoral office. words, he endeavored to convey his thoughts to his hearers. His great During these years he became in- stores of Biblical study and acquisicreasingly trusted and beloved of all tion were opened and their treasures sections of the Church of Christ in Great Britain, and was an habitual A t( GOOD STORY" speaker at the well-known interdenominational gatherings at Mildmay A snapshot of Dr. Pierson and a friend at the and Keswick. Several of his ad- laying of the corner·stone of the Spurgeon Pas· dresses on these occasions reached the tor's College in London. A picture showing Dr. high-water mark of sacred eloquence. Pierson's humor, and appreciaHon of -3 good story. One address, given at Mildmay, on the "Sterner Aspects of the Divine lavishly distributed. The silence was Nature and the Judgment Seat of only broken by the scribbling of pen- God," deserves to be preserved as a cils and pens and the rustle of the classic on that solemn theme. turned leaves of Bibles and note-books. These courses were specially valuable For several years he was one of the in view of recent attacks on the Bible. most popular speakers on the Keswick Doctor Pierson was an evangelical platform. He was trusted on more conservative, and had good reasons to than one occasion with the series of give for the truth that was in him. connected Bible-readings given on the And if the Bible is more than ever successive mornings of the conference strongly entrenched in the reverence in one of the tents, and always the of Sunday-school teachers, Christian vast tent would be crowded with hear- Endeavorers, ministers and lay workers, while a rim of three or four deep ers, in London and Great Britain, a would stand around in the outer circle. large proportion of so desirable a re- His addresses at the ministers' meet- sult must be attributed to the intelings, his sermons before and after the lectual equipment, the eloquent speedf' ~ conference, his personal charm and in- and the devoted heart of that rem:1rk,i,) fluence, constituted very real assets to able servant of God. the conference. It was hoped that he would be present there at the forthcoming meeting, when these notes will be issuing from the press.

For many, perhaps the most outstanding features of Doctor Pierson's work in Great Britain will always be those three series of Exeter Hall Bible Lectures. They were carried through under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian AssociaPion, and were eminently successful. The great hall was crowded week after week to its utmost capacity with the elite of the Christian youth of the metropolis. By carefully drawn dia-

The Word of God lest I should build upon another man's BY REV. JOHN F. CARSON, D.D. foundation. "

Scripture passages selected and read at the funeral "Let not your heart be troubled: ye services by a long time friend and believe in God, believe also in me. In associate "The law of the Lord is perfect, my Father's house are many manconverting the soul: the testimony of sions: if it were not so, I would have the Lord is sure, maki-ng wise the told you. I go to prepare a place for simple. The statutes of the Lord are you. And if I go and prepare a place right, rejoicing the heart: the com- for you, I will come again, and receive mandment of the Lord is pure, en- you unto myself; that where I am, lightening the eyes. The fear of the there ye may be also: and whither I Lord is clean, enduring forever: the go ye know, and the way ye know."

judgments of the Lord are true and "Vhat shall we then say to these righteous altogether. More to be de- things? If God be for us, who can be sired are they than gold-yea, than against us. He that spared not His much fine gold: sweeter also than own Son, but delivered Him up for honey and the honeycomb. Moreover, us all, how shall He not with Him by them is thy servant warned: and also freely give us all things? Who in keeping of them there is great re- shall lay anything to the charge of ward." God's elect? It is God that j ustifieth.

"With my lips have I declared all Who is he that condemneth? It is the judgments of thy mouth. I have Christ that died, yea rather, that is rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, risen again, who is even at the right as much as in all riches. Open thou hand of God, who maketh interces- mine eyes, that I may behold won- sion for us. Who shall separate us drous things out of thy law. Thy from the love of Christ? Shall tribu- testimonies also are my delight and my lation, or distress, or persecution, or counsellors." famine, or nakedness, or peril, or "For I am not ashamed of the gos- sword? Nay, in all these things we pel of Christ: for it is the power of are more than conquerors through God unto salvation to everyone that Him that loved us. For I am per- believeth: to the Jew first, and also to suaded, that neither death, nor life, the Greek. But God forbid that I nor angels, nor principalities, nor should glory, save in the cross of our powers, nor things present, nor things Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world to come, nor height, nor depth, nor is crucified unto me, and I unto the any other creature, shall be able to world. That I should be the minister separate us from the love of God, of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, min- which is in Christ Jesus, our Lord."

istering the Gospel of God, that the "There is one glory of the sun, and offering up of the Gentiles might be another glory of the moon, and an- acceptable, being sanctified by the other glory of the stars; for one star Holy Ghost. I have, therefore, where- differeth from another star in glory.

of I may glory through Jesus Christ So also is the resurrection of the in those things which pertain to God. dead. It is sown in corruption; it is Yea, so have I strived to preach the raised in incorruption; it is sown in gospel, not where Christ was named, dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is

TAPPAN PIERSON 59

sown in weakness, it is raised in yielded her fruit every month; and the power; it is sown a natural body, it is leaves of the tree were for the healing raised a spiritual body. For this cor- of the nations. And there shall be no ruptible must put on incorruption, and more curse: but the throne of God this mortal must put on immprtality. and of the Lamb shall be in it; allJ So when this corruptible shall have His servants shall serve Him; and put on incorruption, and this mortal they shall see His face; and His shall have put on immortality, then name shaH be in their foreheads. And shall be brought to pass the saying there shall be no night there; and that is written, Death is swallowed up they need no candle; neither light of in victory. 0, death, where is thy the sun, for the Lord God giveth them sting? 0, grave, where is thy victory? light; and He shall reign for ever.' "

The sting of death is sin; and the This is the message to us to-day: strength of sin is the law. But thanks "Ye know, from the first day that be to God, which giveth us the victory I came unto you, after what manner through our Lord Jesus Christ. I have been with you at all seasons, Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye serving the Lord with all humility of stedfast, unmovable, always abound- mind, and with many tears and tempta- ing in the work of the Lord, foras- tions. But none of these things moved much as ye know that your labor is me, neither count I my life dear unto not in vain in the Lord." myself, so that I might finish my "And I saw a new heaven and a course with joy, and the ministry new earth; for the first heaven and which I received of the Lord Jesus, the first earth were passed away; and to testify the gospel of the grace of there was no more sea. And I, John, God. And now, behold! I know that saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, com- ye all, among whom I have gone ing down from God out of heaven, preaching the kingdom of God, shall prepared as a bride adorned for her see my face no more. Therefore, I husband. And I heard a great voice take you to record this day, that I out of heaven saying, 'Behold, the tab- hav not shunned to declare unto you ernacle of God is with men, and He all the counsel of God. Take heed, will dwell with them, and they shall therefore, unto yourselves, and to all be His people, and God Himself shall the fiock over which the Holy Ghost be with them, and be their God. And hath made you overseers, to feed the God shall wipe away all tears from church of God, which He hath pur- their eyes; and there shall be no more chased with His own blood. And now, death, neither sorrow, nor crying; brethren, I commend you to God, and neither shall there be any more pain; to the word of His grace, which is for the former things are passed away. able to build you up, and to give you And He showed me a pure river of an inheritance among all them who water of life, clear as crystal, pro- are sanctified. I have fought a good ceeding out of the throne of God and fight; I have finished my course; I of the Lamb. In the midst of the have kept the faith. Henceforth there street of it, and on either side of the is laid up for me a crown of right· river, was there the tree of life, which eousness, and not for me only, but for bare twelve manner of fruits, and all them also who love His appearing."

OF UNITED

MARCH 27, 1861, TO MARCH 27, 1911.

BY FRANCESCO ROSTAN, GENOA On the 27th of March, 1861, Count Turin, inaugurated personally by the Camillo Cavour, the well-known prime King, on the 29th of April, kept burnminister of King Victor Emanuel II. ing the sacred fire of patriotism, and and author of the formula "A Free was ever ready to receive the Italians Church in a Free State," proclaimed who were exiled by the petty rulers of Rome the capital of United Italy, the different states in which Italy was rousing a storm of applause from the then divided; another exhibition was members of the Subalpine Parliament opened in Florence, which, after Tuconvelled in Turin. It was a daring rin, was for several years the seat of act of faith, because the Eternal City the government; and one in Rome. was still in the power of the Pope, and Foreign nations have sent and are as Pius IX was unable to maintain sending numerous deputations to conorder in his states, Rome was garri- gratulate the Italian people. The first soned by French troops kept there by to come was the King of Bulgaria; Napoleon III. then came the Crown Prince of Ger- many, and then the King of Sweden. It was not until the 20th of Septem- The Duke·of Connaught was Great ber, of the year 1870, that the Italian Britain's envoy, and other deputations soldiers stormed Porta Pia, and came from Austria, France, Spain, through the breach, took possession of and Portugal. the city, and finally Rome, last, not least, was united to the Italian king- It would be an easy matter to show dom. that the loss of the temporal power has been a great boon for the Pope. His In order to commemorate the ju- government was a disgrace. Lord Palbilee of Italy as a nation, three exhibi- merston, being invited to take an intions have been set on foot: one in terest in the Kingdom of Naples, and an expenditure of 926,000,000. which was in danger of being over- Deficit, 480,000,000. And, let it be thrown by the revolution, as, in fact, said, that till the year 1870 things did it was, replied: "I don't take an in- not mend very much. From 1870 to terest in that kingdom, because that 1875 the Italian nation is advancing government, 'With the exception of the gradually, when, in 1875, the deficit government of the Pope, is the worst disappears, and in r88r, there are 53,- of Europe. It is, however, more pro- 000,000 on the right side of the ledlitable to write about the great prog- ger. This happy period was of short ress made by Italy during the last duration, and in the year 1889 there is fifty years. Let us apply the gospel the enormous deficit of 235,000,000. rule, and judge of the tree from its The lesson was hard, but it was not fruits; if the fruits are abundant and lost. It taught our people to moderate of excellent quality, it means that the the expenses, and from that year to tree is good, and that Italy was justi- the present day, not only has Italy not fied in going to Rome. Let me set increased her public debt, but we have forth the progress made in three di- yearly a surplus of over 70,000,000 rections: the economical, the educa- francs. England and Italy are the only tional, and the religious point of view. European nations without a deficit.

I. The progress made by Italy from In 1861, we had only I,714 miles an economical point of view during of railways; we have to-day 8,600 fifty years. All the figures are given miles, without counting the tram lines in francs, or lire, worth 20 cents. which run throughout the country. In 1866 our postal department had a The first unified budget is the bud- revenue of 3,500,000; in 1910 its revget of 1862, and it was called by one enue is 103,000,000, to which must be of our economists a terrible budget. added 32,000,000 from the telegraph Italy had an income of 446,000,000,

and the telephone. In 1861 we had schools. Up to two years ago the only [88.000,000 in our savings-banks. teachers in all our elementary schools were expected to teach the catechism On the 30th of June, 1910, between of the Church of Rome to all the chilthe deposits of the savings-banks and dren whose parents exprest that wish. of the post-office, we have in round Such was the theory; as a matter of numbers, 4,000,000,000. That im- fact, religious instruction was given to mense sum has been deposited by 7,- every child whose parents did not say 500,000 Italians; that means that one- anything to the contrary. fourth of the Italian population has set something apart for a rainy day. N ow the matter has been, leit to the decision of the municipal author- II. The progress made by Italy dur- ity. If the councilors are conservaing fifty years, from an educational tive, religious instruction is given to point of view. the children; if they are Socialists, no catechism is taught. We hope that In 1862, 15,000,000 were spent in the time will soon come when religious public instruction; now 102,000,000, instruction will not be imparted in our and we would spend more, if we were public schools. The priest, for the not always obliged to increase our ex- Church of Rome, the pastor, for the penses for the army and the navy. Protestant churches, the rabbi for the Much against our will, we must fol- Jews, are the proper persons to deal low the bad example set by the great with such delicate matters, not the European powers. teachers, who, so far as Italy is con- cerned, and generally speaking, are In 1861 there were 72 men and 84 unbelievers, and have never learned, women for every 100 inhabitants who when at college, what they are excould not read and write. Accord- pected to teach. This leads me by ing to the census of 190[, the men un- natural transition to speak about the able to read and write were only 52 third point. per cent., and the women 60 per cent., and we feel sure that the census which III. The progress made by Italy was taken on the 11th of June, 1911, during fifty years from a religious will show that illiteracy is decreasing point of view. year after year, and greater progress will be made when the elementary The progress has been great, and schools will be taken up by the state; fills our hearts with thankfulness. In instead of being managed by the mu- 1861 the Waldenses had only been in nicipalities, often without the means possession of religious toleration ;for to pay the meager stipend of the a period of twelve years. The Edict teachers. of . Emancipation granted by King Carlo Alberto bears the date of Feb- From what has been said, it is clear ruary 17, 1848. The first article runs that there is still room for improve- as follows: "The Roman Catholic ment, and Roman Catholic Italy is far Apostolic Church is the Church of the from occupying to-day the position State; other churches are to be tolerof the Protestant countries. It may ated." interest the readers of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW to know how matters The Waldenses, let it be said h) their stand in Italy concerning the problem praise, undertook at once the tremenof religious instruction in the public

OF UNITED ITALY

THE NATIONAL MONUMENT TO VITTORIO EMANUELE II, ROME dous task of evangelizing Italy; but obliged to leave Genoa, because found small in numbers and without ade- distributing the Bible; his friend, Dr. quate means, the cities and villages Mazzinghi, was condemned to three occupied by the gospel heralds were years of prison for the same offense; few and confined to the north, in Pied- in Barletta, a minister was burned at . mont and in Ligury. The report of the stake. 1861 gives the names of seven preaching stations, namely, Turin, Alexan- In 191 I, what a change! The greatdria, Genoa, Nice, etc. The theologi- est religious liberty prevails throughcal seminary is still in Torre Pellice. out the breadth and length of the land. The name of Milan does not appear as Those who sin against it are, as a yet; Venice belongs still to Austria, rule, duly punished. King Victor Rome to the Pope. Waldenses are Emmanuel III, speaking from the tolerated, but toleration does not go Campidoglio, on the 27th of March, far with the Church of Rome. The said: "With Rome as her capital, late Professor Geymonat has been sent Italy represents the peaceful coexistto jail, and afterward expelled from ence of the churches with the state, Florence, because found reading to a and guarantees a full and fruitful few friends the fourteenth chapter of liberty to religion and to science. Mark St. John. Cavour himself is angry be- the plural, not the church, but the cause a colporteur has sold a New churches; note the word liberty, not Testament in San Remo. With great toleration. difficulties the '-IValdenses have obtained permission to construct the To-day, churches and preaching stabeautiful Temple of Turin, inaugu- tions are found everywhere in the rated on the 15th of December, 1853. Italian Peninsula and in the island of Packenham, an English admiral, was Sicily. There are several churches in Milan, Venice, Genoa, Florence, Rome, Naples, etc. Let me cull the

statistics from the report of the Com- and evangelists; but who, for various mittee of Evangelization of the Waldensian Church for 19IO: Pastors, reasons, do not formally unite with 48; evangelists, 15; teachers-evangelists, 8; school-teachers, 50; colporteur them. When we think of the enorevangelists, 8; colporteur and deposi- mous difficulties with which the evan- THE WALDEN SIAN CHURCH IN ROME gelical cfrhoumrchReosmhiasvhefahnaadtictoismcoonntetnhd~ tarians, 5; churches and stations, 120; arising communicants, 6,692; contributions, $29,872; admissions, 617; day schol- one hand, and materialism and irrears, 2,0.31; Sunday scholars, 3,621; night scholars, 364. In the district of ligion on the other, we can not but re- Sicily and Egypt there are 1 I regularly organized churches and 25 sta- gard as marvelous the progress which tions. The communicants number I,II2, and the day and Sunday schol- has been made among the warmars, 2,327. The church of Messina had 162 members, till the disastrous hearted Italians. The Waldensian earthquake of 1908 overwhelmed about three-fourths of them. Its evan- Church is not the only one which is gelical adherents were about 400. doing mission work in the Peninsula. All over Italy, connected with the churches and the stations, there is a Without mentioning several indepencertain number of persons whose entire sympathies are with the pastors dent agencies worthy of esteem, there are many branches of foreign churches at work in Italy. The writer of this article is not ready to say-and per- haps the article is too long already for American readers, who are always on the point of catching a train- what is the numerical strength of the sister churches. Let me, at least, men- tion them. There is the Methodist Episcopal Church from the United States of America, which has a strong position in Rome; the American and the English branches of the Baptist Church; in the North of Italy there is a sprinkling of Plymouth Brethren.

The Salvation Army has also made its appearance on the Italian shores. The work of the Salvationists is more dif- ficult in Italy than in Protestant coun- tries, because Romanists are not used to some of their ways, which seem strange; notwithstanding, they have done good, and in Milan they have a refuge called Villa Speranza, for fall- en women. We must not forget the work done by two societies-the Bible Society of Scotland, which, beside the Scriptures, allows its agents to circu- late other books; and the British and Foreign Bible Society. As many as 91,329 copies of the Scriptures, com-

THE RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

plete or in parts, have been circulated politicians, as Cavour; to our thinkers, by the British and Foreign Bible So- as Mazzini; to our martyrs, who shed ciety throughout Italy during 1910; their blood for the freedom of our an increase of 14,814 copies on the land. The years are not far behind preceding year. In North, Central, us, when visitors, arriving in Papal and South Italy, and in Sicily and Rome, had to give up their Bibles and Sardinia, an average of 25 colporteurs liberal newspapers. Bible depots in have been employed in constant itine- the Eternal City were a dream; culration, offering to the Italians the tured foreigners had to worship with- Word of Life. The society's depot in out the walls; the penalty for distribu- Rome is not far from the Waldensian tion of Italian Scriptures was fine Or Church in Via Nazionale, and is op- imprisonment. The Italians need the posite the national monument of Vic- Gospel, as the air they breathe. They tor Emmanuel II, about to be unveiled are crowding the cities of the United in this year of jubilee. We forget, States, and may be a power for good perhaps, what we owe, under God, to or for evil. The gospel alone, but the our kings, as Victor Emmanuel II; gospel in its purity, will regenerate the to our generals, as Garibaldi; to our Italian people.

THE RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY BY MINNIE J. REYNOLDS It is generally conceded that no called Valdese, which supports its own home mission work among aliens is church and pastor. so successful and promising as that among the Italian immigrants. Amer- On the other hand, it is a curious icans generally do not understand how fact that the mere existence of Amerimuch of this is due to the existence ca is increasing the duties of the Walof the ancient, historic Waldensian densian Church in Italy faster than it Church in Italy. can find means to perform them. Ital- ians who have come under the influ- There are to-day 220 Italian Prot- ence of Protestant missions in this estant churches in the United States. country return to their native towns, In over 100 of them the first nucleus carrying with them American ideas as was a group of Italians who had been well as American dollars. These peo- Waldensians in Italy. Dr. Clot, who ple are continually getting together a was a Waldensian pastor for ten yeats little nucleus of evangelical converts in Palermo, found in America more and sending to the Waldensian church than one hundred former members of to come and organize a church and his church, twenty-five of them in place a pastor over them. This impe- Rochester, where he settled and organ- tus from without pushes the work ized a Waldensian church. The pas- faster than the Waldensians in Italy tor of the Italian Methodist Church in can support it. Boston was a member of Dr. Clot's old church in Palermo. In, South When the Bishop of Rome began to Carolina there is a Waldensian colony, assume that authority over the rest of the primitive churches which devel-

oped into the Papacy, certain little To understand why this is so one congregations in the north refused to must comprehend the religious situa- recognize that authority. Pretty sys- tion to-day in Italy. For long years tematically through the centuries, tho after the present government was es- at some periods more violently than at tablished interest in religion of any others, they were persecuted. Some form was dead in Italy. Not a review, fifty popes endeavored to subdue or not a periodical of any description, exterminate them. Crusades were ever published an article on any relig- preached against them and infants ious or church matter. Not a news- borne on the pikes of soldiers, and the paper referred to the subject, unless various other endearing features of compeIled to chronicle news matter.

medieval crusades enlivened their his- Discussion of such matters was never tory. It is one of the curiosities of heard; the whole subject was utterly history that they survived at all. But a ignored by the educated classes.

few always persisted, huddled among One reason for this was that the the Cottian Alps of Savoy. After the ablest minds in the country were ab- Reformation was established, Luther sorbed in the great, practical problems sent envoys to examine this tiny, an- connected with the founding of a new cient, primitive church. He found it government: the establishing of new practically an evangelical Protestant educational, industrial and political church, with a polity resembling that systems, the creation of a new country.

of the Presbyterian organization. This Next, the Papacy refused to recognize was the Valdensian Church, familiar the new government. This put Ital- to all Italians as the "Valdesi." Tra- ians in an extremely embarrassing and dition has it that it had its origin, as delicate position. They took their re- well as its growth, in persecution; ligion from the Vatican, their govern- that the Valdesi were originally a ment from the Quirinal. Italians met group of Christians of Rome, who fled the situation by ignoring it. Third, northward to escape the persecutions the medieval character of the Papacy of the Roman emperors. itself, which became increasingly ap- Even when crusades against them parent as education spread in the ceased, the day of the Valdesi had not country. The present writer has seen, yet come. In 1848 this Church, as old within three years, poor idiots and in- as the Church of Rome, had only fif- sane persons beaten with sticks before teen parishes in the world, all in Sa- a certain statue of the Madonna in a voy. To-day its churches are scat- Sicilian city to make them utter a cer- tered through the length and breadth tcrin formula, which, it was believed, of Italy, and in Egypt and Malta, Ar- would restore them to their senses. In gentina and the United States. It has the same city not long before a num- in Italy important schools, colleges, ber of sailors, in fulfilment of a vow and other institutions. And yet its made while in peril at sea, entered a growth has only just begun. For long church at the front door on their years after toleration was proclaimed hands and knees, and proceeded in in Italy it grew but slowly. To-day it that manner around the church, at is advancing by leaps and bounds. each step stooping and licking the floor The day of the Valdesi has come. with their tongues.

RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

It is not necessary to go into any al- self. Many of these men went with leged venality of the Roman Church him. The effect was more sensational or corruption of the priesthood. Fea- in Italy than it would have been in tures like those described, of which America had Robert Ingersoll retractpractical religion in Italy is full, were ed and accepted revealed religion. enough to disgust intelligent Italians. And yet, where were they to turn? Another influence has been that of Italy was the eldest child of the Arturo Graf, professor in the Univer- Church, the seat through all the cen- sity of Turin, and a writer of extreme turies of that Papacy which in its time popularity among the educated classes. gave law to Europe, and still controls He began to write constantly and very the consciences of a large portion of strongly on the necessity of some rethe civilized inhabitants of the world. ligion, on the belief that no nation They could not conceive belonging to could reach its full height, or even enany other Church. They simply ig- dure, without some faith; on the dannored the whole subject of religion, ger that intellectual Italy was cutting never spoke of it, never wrote of it, loose from all religious moorings whatwhile educated men lapsed silently into ever. His writings had great influ- French atheism. ence in calling the attention of intel- lectual and patriotic Italians to the Within a very few years all this is subject. changed. To-day one can scarcely pick up a scholarly review in Italy An event which broke through the without finding a long article on wall of icy silence and threw the some religious or ecclesiastical subject. whole subject into a furore of discus- The topic is on every lip and pen. sion was when Romolo Murri took his Italy is in the midst of a vast religious seat in Parliament wearing his priest's awakening, a great religious renais- robe. Since the foundation of the sance. Italy has had a renaissance Government the Pope had forbidden twice before-of art and culture in the faithful Catholics to vote or particisixteenth century, of liberty in the pate in national politics. When a priest nineteenth. Now it is of religion. defied the Vatican, was elected to Par- liament, and actually took his seat One reason for this new phase was wearing his priestly garb, the excite- Lombroso. This great scientist, whose ment was intense. Hundreds of colname has acquired international fame, urns were printed about it in the newswas a confirmed materialist, a posi- papers, with abundant illustrations. tivist. Through his researches into The whole subject of the Vatican's atpsychic phenomena he became con- titude was thrashed out in print and vinced that there is a realm in which speech. spiritual entities act independently of the body. He thereupon retracted his But perhaps the greatest influence former position, acknowledged the ex- in forcing the discussion of religious istence of a spirit world, and as a log- matters has been the growing power ical corollary the possibility of a life of the Socialist party, which first apafter death. He had a great follow- peared in Italy twenty years ago. To ing in Italy, including many scientists understand present-day conditions in as well known there as Lombroso him- Italy, American readers will have to approach the subject of socialism with

a perfectly open mind. Whatever so- CAsino (The Ass), published at cialism may be in the United States, Rome. The Ass, of course is the comin Italy it stands for eactly those mon people, who do not know enough things which we mean when we say to get their rights. L'A sino, which "Reform," "Progress," "Constructive now has a New York edition, fights civilization," and so on. In no way all religion and all churches, savagely, can I make this so plain to church peo- virulently, wittily, with a wealth of inple as to say that Italy, with her 1,900 formation and caricature. The intelliyears of Christianity, never had a Sun- gent young working man in Italy genday-dosing law until the Socialists erally has a copy of L'Asino stuffed in secured it in Parliament. his pocket. Combined with the serv- ices of the Socialist party to the plain The natural result was that the people, with the drift of educated men plain people began to say, "What! In toward French atheism, and the silent 1,900 years the Church could never indifference to all religion which has get us a weekly day of rest, and the prevailed so long in Italy, this gave Socialists, whom we first heard of room enough for Professor Graf's twenty years ago, have got it already!,' fear that Italy was going to lose all re- There never was a law against child ligion and become a churchless race, labor in Italy until the Socialists got with only a mass of degrading superit; never a law for the protection of stition among the illiterate masses at women in industry, for the compensa- the bottom. tion of working men injured while at work. These and other beneficent It is is these things which have measures for the common people have produced the religious renaissance been secured by the Socialists, and the which is now boiling in Italy. The result is that the intelligent young extent to which this awakening has working men have been swept by thou- penetrated into the Roman Church itsands into the Socialist party. Every- self can scarcely be comprehended by body who works for human rights, Americans; and since this is a theme human freedom and opportunity in which no secular magazine or news- Italy is called a Socialist, and usually paper in the United States will touch, he is one. there can be no more fitting place for it than a church periodical. The unfortunate thing about this, from the churchman's standpoint, is Romolo Murri, previously referred that the Socialist party in Italy viru- to, is a case in point. He was a very lently assails all religion. It is not intelligent and consecrated young strange. It knows no religion but the priest. Perceiving the good accom- Roman Church, and it knows this as plished for the people by the Socialist consistently and permanently on the party, he yearned to take the Church side of the dasses against the masses into this great movement, instead of -the policeman who is to keep the leaving the latter to the forces of irmasses in order for the benefit of those religion. He began to organize Cathowho exploit them. 'Vhenever the peo- lic Socialist leagues in the Church. ple get this thoroughly into their heads Ordered to desist by the Vatican, he about any church, that church is in hesitated a little, then went on with his dang-er. The Italian Socialist organ is organization. Suspended from orders,

RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY 60r

he founded a paper of his own, was and compare and exercise their private elected to Parliament, and took his judgment like the Protestant clergy. seat with the extreme radical wing, Suddenly Modernism swept upon them clad in his priestly vestments. like a flood. The men of the Left were carried away by it. They reject The exodus of priests from the Ro- all revealed religion and the historical man Church is now continuous, tho Christ. They believe in nothing. small. The priests who leave it have no trade, no profession. It commonly But these men are perfectly content causes a break between them and every to retain their places in the great friend they have in the world. Some scheme of Roman organization, to say of these priests are to-day chauffeurs, mass and endorse the adoration of waiters, cab-drivers. The former chap- relics of whose falsity they are conlain of the hospital of Santo Spirito, vinced. In the Left it is a renaissance in Rome,· is to-day a chauffeur in that of intellect, but not of conscience. city. Another is breaking stones in They scoff at dogma, but retain the the streets of Genoa. So strangely system. does that power work through the centuries which compels men to "come The Right is made up of those who out," to leave ease and dignity for hold to the old dogma, the old prachardship and contempt, when their tises in everything; who are content higher nature is no longer satisfied and zealous Romanists, and see no with the life they are leading. need for change.

One must know the revolutionary The Center is made up of devout state of affairs existing in the Roman and earnest Catholics, who desire wide Church to understand this "coming and sweeping reforms in the Roman out." Not long ago a petition signed Church. They perceive that the by 25,00 Italian priests was presented Church of the twentieth century can to the Vatican, asking that priests be not retain the theory and practise of permitted to marry. That such a peti- the twelfth. Bishops Buonomeli of tion could be even thought of shows Cremona, and Scalabrini of Piacenza, the turbulent condition in the Church were leaders in this movement among itself. The Roman Church is to-day the high clergy. They were ordered divided into three parties, which are by the Pope to recant, and did so from called by the time-honored European the pUlpits in which they had preached terms to designate three parties: The reform. Fogazzaro, author of "The Left for the radicals, the Right for the Saint," is a leader of the laity in this conservatives, the Center for the Mod- movement, and there is a group of erates. intellectual young men of the nobility. Count Scotti, Marquis Alfieri, Count The Left in the Roman Church in Ce!ezia, Marquis Saragna and others, I taly to-day is composed of men who who are very earnest in this matter. have gone the extreme length of the higher criticism of the most extreme Reform is a word heard so often in German school. The higher criticism America that it almost loses its sigcame upon the Roman clergy sudden- nificance. We apply it to everything, ly. They have accepted dogma un- from spelling to trust regulation. It questioningly, unaccustomed to weigh is difficult for us to understand the life-and-death importance which de-

vout and intelligent Romanists in Italy ums were published in all the papers, attach to reform in the Church which discussing the matter with a plainness they reverence as the great, historic of speech incredible to one not famil- Church of the world. Such men real- iar with the press of Latin countries.

ize that a church which still permits One can not know Italian and Italy its devotees to lick the floor in pay- without hearing these shocking things ment of vows; which gathers great continually.

crowds to see the blood of a dead saint In September, I908, Pius X, speak- boil in public; which permits the ado- ing to the Venetian pilgrims visiting ration of relics which any intelligent him, discouraged the reading of "even person must consider spurious, can not Roman Catholic books and news- long stand the white light of the papers." "The less you read the bet- twentieth century. The twentieth cen- ter it will be for you," said he. This tury is questioning everything-the in one sentence expresses the attitude Bible, the Church, the school, the gov- of the Vatican. The Vatican meets ernment, even the home. There is the inrushing tide of modern thought not an institution so ancient or so by instructions not to read. The Ro- sacred that it is not obliged to make man Church "stands pat." It stands good its claims to the respect of the pat for a twelfth-century Christianity twentieth century. I have heard a in the twentieth century. Every man Sicilian engineer, choking with laugh- who desires reform is denounced as a ter, tell how his captain prayed fer- modernist or atheist. Monks are de- vently to a wooden image in a storm graded from the higher offices and set at sea, and when the storm continued, to scrubbing the monastery floors; seized the image and flung it into the priests find every avenue of prefer- sea, with the remark, "Since you are ment closed to them. And because of so found of water, go there and get a- this attitude, because the movement plenty." When even the skilled work- for reform is just as ineffectual as it ing men are jeering at "religion," and was in the days of Savonarola or Vit- subscribing to L'A sino, devout Italian toria Colonna, this slender stream of Romanists realize that the Church is priests is silently dropping out of the in deadly peril. "Center" day by day, and betaking it- This from the intellectual side. On self to the seats of chauffeurs or cab- the moral, one incident will suffice. drivers, or even the stones of the In 1907, while the present writer was street.

living in Italy, accounts were pub- When they drop out, if they still lished in all the Italian dailies of a want a church, they turn to the Wal- convent school in Milan attended by densians. It is their natural refuge.

young girls ranging down to ten years The Protestants sects are as foreign . and younger. When these little girls to Italians as the Waldensian Church went home for the vacation the par- is to us. Moreover, to the Italian ents of some of them found that they mind, trained in the shadow of the were afflicted with a disease which oldest and hugest of all the churches, can not be named. Investigation historical Protestantism has no stand- showed that the only men who had ac- ing at all. It is a thing of yesterday.

cess to the place were priests. Col- TheWaldensian is recognized as one

OF THE PLAGUE IN

branch of the Apostolic Church-an tant Church of America. The WaIevangelical development of that densian Church is back of it. It sends Church, as Rome was the ritualistic us better materials for citizens in the development. It is as ancient as Rome first place. Finding no Waldensian itself, and it is Italian. As the princes church here, Waldensian immigrants of Savoy came down to rule over turn naturally to the Protestants. United Italy, so this ancient little Some regular system should be dechurch of Savoy has come down from vised by which every Waldensian emiits Alpine fastness to spread over the grant from Italy should be given letpeninsula. It seems as if it had been ters on his departure to some fixt preserved almost miraculously from representative of the Protestant apostolic times until the day when Church on this side, by him to be di- Italy was ready for a native evangeli- rected to a suitable church home. And cal church. letters to the Waldensian Church in Italy should be given to returning It is necessary to understand this Protestant immigrants. The threads situation to understand the strange of this web that the ocean shuttle is receptivity to evangelical teachings weaving should be gathered up and found among the Italian immigrants added to the fabric of an Italian Protin America. A rich field, ripe for the estant citizenship in both hemispheres. harvest, lies waiting for the Protes- RESULTS OF THE PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA BY REV. F. W. S. O'NEILL, M.A., FAKUMEN, MANCHURIA Late on a cold night last January, lation to non-Christians, and (3) nonin the office of the Plague Prevention Christians. Committee of Fakumen, while reports of deaths and hurried orders left little I-Chriatianl leisure for reflection, a voice was raised in prayer: "0 God, may the 1. From about December, 19IO, till people be led, as in the time of Jonah, April, 19II, mainly along the lines of to repent, that Thy chastening hand the railways and the roads leading to may be stayed, for hast Thou not sent the Great Wall, pneumonic plague carthis calamity because they would not ried off 46,000 Chinese of all ages and listen to the Gospel?" Such was the classes. An instance of its virulence, thought of the acting superintendent given Dr. Wu, the chairman of the International Plague Conference, * of plague work, Elder Shang. In shows the havoc wrought among a congregation of Christians. The what follows an attempt will be made French Catholic priest of Harbin, unto state some facts and to suggest a willing to allow any of his converts to few inferences regarding the recent be taken to the plague hospital, had visitation in Manchuria, as it affected them all removed to the mission com- (I) Christians, (2) Christians in re- pound. Daily services were held in the church. When the infection devel- * For the story of this Manchurian leader see oped, so rapid was the spread of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, January, 1907.

disease that in little over a month, out vaccine to Christians and their friends. of 300 converts 243 had succumbed, 3. Not only did the followers of the in addition to the priest himself and his assistants. In Hulan, near Har- Good Physician exhibit a spirit of bin, 32 Chinese Catholics died. On wisdom in the use of the blest means the other hand, very few Protestant of prevention, but still more did they Christians fell victims to the scourge. prove to be men and women of prayer. This result is, doubtless, in part due When in Fakumen it became neces- sary to hold the Sunday services in A DOCTOR, NURSE. AND ASSISTANTS IN A PLAGUE HOSPITAL to the fact that the instructions of the the open or elsewhere than in the mission doctors were adhered to, par- church, the members agreed to set ticularly in the suspension of large apart some time each day at noon in meetings at th e worst centers. their homes or shops for special prayer. This practise was also fol- 2. It is true that the senior Chinese lowed in other places. Several cures Protestant pastor denounced inocula- of minor ailments were reported as tion and other preventive measures as the result of supplication. a want of faith. This, however, is an almost solitary exception to the praise- In fine, our Christians once more worthy conduct of our Christians in stood a severe test of their intelligence general. Everywhere they showed and their faith. They have emerged their enlightenment by setting an ex- victorious. ample of obedience to the strict sanitary and isolation rules. Where vac- II-Christians in Relation to Noncine was available, they were readier Chriatians than others to apply for inoculation. Even after the outbreak had passed, 1. The missionaries remained at an enthusiastic missionary succeeded their posts and were among the first in administering 600 doses of plague to see the danger and to urge on the authorities the adoption of plans of prevention. In tbis way the handl1 of

OF THE PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA

the magistrates were strengthened in churia, it is probable that the plague their efforts to overcome the igno- would have got beyond control altorance and callousness of the "black~ gether." haired people." Naturally, the missionary doctors came to the front. By 2. Probably the deepest impression the side of the heathen official stood on heathen China was made, not by the expert Christian physician, whose the skill and efficiency of the Chrisweighty words, however, sometimes tion doctors, but by their voluntary fell on deaf ears. Dr. Gordon's knowl- braving of danger, even to the sacri- fice of life itself. Such devotion was Df,'. ASPLAND EXAMTNING A BATCH OF "CONTACTS" AT QUARANTINE edge of bacteriology and twenty years' not, indeed, confined to one nation or experience were unheeded by the ob- one creed. In the performance of structive Taoati of Changchun. In con- their duties three French priests laid sequence, the disease took a terrible down their lives. Civil doctors, Japahold of the city, and the Taoati was nese, Russian and French, perished at dismist. Dr. McKillop Young, of Hu- their posts. And yet it was the passlan, was sent for by the Prefect, who ing away on January 25th at Mukden, "showed the utmost eagerness to get after only two months' residence in measures started." Not to multiply the country, of the distinguished young instances, the following testimony may Doctor Jackson, of the Scottish Misbe quoted from the Peking and Tient- sion, that struck home to the hearts sin Times.. "The presence of Dr. of the people as nothing else did. In- Christie at Mukden at such a moment vited to take charge of the inspection of crisis has been of inestimable value and segregation of several hundreds to the Chinese Government, for with- of passengers at the railway station, out his organizing powers, his medical among whom plague had broken out, skill and his prestige throughout Man- he worked heroically for ten days,

when the temperature was so low that So again, in less remarkable ways, his hands were frost-bitten. On hear- the Christians rendered excellent serving the news of the doctor's death, the ice. The pastor of Chinchiatun evolved Viceroy of Manchuria, a strong-mind- a prescription of quinine and maged Confucianist, wept with loud cries. nesium sulfate. By the liberality of the members a large stock of this curi- ous remedy was provided and distrib- uted gratis to a crowd of applicants, effecting many notable cures.

As for particular endeavors to use the occasion for the propagation of the Truth, the premier congregation of Manchuria in East Mukden issued and scattered broadcast a very point- ed sheet tract, entitled "The Day of Repentance." But in the main, the circulation of literature was confined to plague-prevention rules, produced by various mission hospitals and presses, including, for example, 3,000 copies printed by the Weihsien Mis- sion Press in Shantung..

DR. STENH OUSE EXAMINING A SUSPECT JII-Non-Cbriatiana Immediately he sent a gift of $2,000 I. Turning to consider the intellect- (Mexican) to the Mission Hospital ual and moral effects of the late visitaand $10,000 (Mexican) to Dr. Jack- tion of Providence on the people as a son's widowed mother (who returned whole, one is first compelled to notice it to Mukden for the new Medical certain elements of evil. With the in- Mission College, of which her son was veterate suspicion of the ignorant Chito have been a teacher). Everything nese, the scourge was attributed to that the Viceroy could do to show his the machination of the diabolical forrespect and his sorrow was done. A eigners. In most cases the blame was profound impression was created on laid at the door of the Japanese, who the minds of all. were said to have hired Koreans to poison the wells. Toward the end of 3. Nor were the Christian Chinese the outbreak, when Doctor Gordon, of behindhand in self-sacrificing labor for the Irish Mission, was summoned their fellow men where opportunity home on account of the serious illness occurred. When it was difficult to of his son, the popular version of his obtain anyone to take charge of sudden disappearance was, that havthe Fakumen Plague Hospital, Elder ing discovered a sure remedy for the Shang volunteered to go himself. And plague, he became obnoxious to the there he lived throughout the epidemic, wicked Japanese, who succeeded in ready, if the call came, to give up his doing away with the good English life. doctor.

I I 1 RESULTS OF THE PLAGUE IN

Of a more serious nature was the and the hero of the International Conobstruction offered by the merchant ference, twenty-five plague corpses, class in some of the principal cities to which he dissected at the peril of his the rigorous isolation measures. The life. Doubtless one of the first results Viceroy was unable to prevent the of such a shattering of ancient preju- Mukden Chamber of Commerce from dice will be the spread of scientific setting up an amateur plague hospital truth in regard to the human body. for members of their own class, until The Medical Mission College, which their criminal folly had sent the daily is to be opened this year in Mukden, death-rate up from 30 to 60. is likely to receive enthusiastic support from high and low. 2. It is pleasanter to chronicle some A PILE OF PLAGUE VICTlMS IN COFFINS.. READY FOR BURNING indications of resulting good. Perhaps It was the humiliation of China's the chief lesson that China has been defeat by Japan in the war of 1894-95 taught is-humiliation. The ineffi- that first startled the multitude out of ciency of their primeval methods of their apathy and prepared the way for dealing with disease, the want of the great influx of the four following cleanliness and sanitation, their utter years into the Manchurian Church. inability to cope with the vast and Who shall say what will follow this sudden terror, compelled the Chinese last severe shock to the security of the to look abroad for help. Superstition nation's ignorance and pride? has received a deadly blow, in witness whereof may be mentioned the strik- 3. Of still weightier import, if also ing facts, (a) that cremation "was ac- less certainly permanent, is the imcepted by the people without com- provement in the relations between plaint or hindrance," and (b) that the Chinese and foreigners, united in face Government had the courage to grant of a common foe. The civilized world to Dr. Strong, the American delegate came forward, in sympathy at least, to share the terrible burden. Foremost

of all were the Japanese, the most sus- thanksgiving service was held in Fakupected and the most disliked. Let a men church. It was attended by the single illustration suffice. When plague officials, gentry and merchants of the appeared in Fakumen, the only avail- town, and was presided over by the able qualified physician, Dr. Morita, prefect. While from the pulpit the of the Public Hospital, was on leave chairman was exhorting the large aubeside his dying father's bedside in dience to expel the infection of evil Japan. The condition of things in the from their hearts, in a distant part of town was going from bad to worse. the town there was taking place the An urgent telegram brought the doc- theatrical performance, organized by tor back. Everything depended on the the Merchants' Gild, to render thanks action of this one man. By his cour- to the gods for the remission of the age and devotion he stamped out the plague. And yet, during the previous scourge and saved the town. week, the gods themselves had been removed from one of the principal lo- The International Plague Confer- cal temples and buried in a pit, in order ence, summoned by the Chinese Gov- to make way for required hospital acernment, with experts from eleven commodation. countries (of whom two were missionary doctors), was a conspicuous suc- After Doctor Jackson's death, at a cess, not solely along the line of scien- memorial service in the British Contific investigation, but also in the mat- sulate in Mukden, the Viceroy of Manter of mutual good-will. The more churia used in his speech these touchclearly China is permitted to take her ing words: "Doctor Jackson . . . place in the family of nations the with the heart of the Savior, who gave more surely will Christianity receive His life to deliver the world, respondfair play, neither hindered by the op- ed nobly when we asked him to help position of those in authority nor fa- our country in its need…. Noble vored by the miscreants who wish Spirit, who sacrificed your life for us, to employ against that authority the help us still and look down in kindness power of an alien church. upon us all." Can such a wistful prayer, joined with the urgent en- 4. Regarding distinct signs of other treaties of God's children on behalf of than merely intellectual repentance, it Manchuria, be offered up in vain? is obviously premature to speak. A OUR BROTHER MAN 0, brother man, fold to thy heart thy brother. Where pity dwells, the peace of God is there.

To worship rightly is to love each other; Each smile a hymn, each kindly deed a prayer.

Follow with reverent steps the great example Of Him whose whole work was doing good.

So shall the wide earth seem our Father's temple; Each loving life a psalm of gratitude. -Whittier.

INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION

SPRINGS, NEW YORK, 1911 REPORTED BY REV. W. H. BATSTON1, M.D., BELLEVILLE, CANADA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, India The International Missionary Union, . . The cause of foreign missions is not, which now numbers nearly I,400 members, representing most of the and can not, be a lost cause. missionary societies of the United States and Canada, met at Clifton … Springs, N. Y., May 3I to June 6, Not only America for the world's sake, with 105 members present. but the world for America's sake.

The general topic for consideration '" '" * at this conference was "The Decisive Hour of Christian Missions," and the Every age has its focal thought. The present critical conditions of the prin- focal thought of the middle ages was seen cipal mission fields of the world were in the Crusades; that of the seventeenth discust by missionaries and missionary century was Reformation; of the eightofficers. eenth century, revival; and of this cell- tury it is missions. In the memorial service the names of eighteen missionaries were record- '" • * ed as having died during the year, among them the Rev. John H. De Nothing has served to stem the flood Forest, of Japan; Dr. Clara Swain, the first woman medical missionary to . of worldliness at home so much as the the Orient; and Dr. Humphrey, of India. Twenty-eight of the mission·· cause of foreign missions. aries present are to return to the mission field within a few months, and the … … farewell meeting to these was of a most thrilling character. This "camp- Let one fail in trying to do something fire council of the world" was the rather than fail by sitting still and doing "high-tide" conference of recent years. nothing. Nuggets from Conference Addressea >I< >I< >I< Can ye not discern the signs of the times? This is the decisive hour of The church needs a vision of the world Christian missions. and of Christ. ••• >I< >I< • There are four threads in the loom of God: The doors of the world are open at 1. The discovery of the whole world. the costs of great sacrifices, of prayers, 2. The recovery of the whole Gospel. 3. The uncovering of the secrets of na- tears, labors, and gifts. Let us enter ture. 4. The enlistment of the whole church. them! * • >I< ••• . . Ve have magI'ificent armories, and Sometimes the problems of the world weapons, but often lack the war spirit. make us forget that God is omnipotent. … ••• The price of shining is burning. The great missionary movement is God's, and we are only part of it. >I< >I< * Thank God, men are beginning to think in the terms of Jesus Christ-in terms of the world.

>I< • • The joy and privilege of being lights in heathen darkness outweighs the incon- veniences, persecutions, and deadweights of heathenism.

>I< • • The English language and literature are great factors in the evangelization of the non-Christian world.

••* There may be a yellow peril if China and Japan are not Christianized-what they need most is the spirit and heart of Christianity.

India is the hardest miSSIOn field, and Korea Africa is the most unhealthy. Of the 11,000,000 Koreans, 300,000 are already Christians. Thirty thousa*nd *und*ergraduates and *** 200,000 other young people in the United The Korean Christians are distin- States and Canada last year systematic- guished for their ally studied books on foreign missions. 1. Love of the Bible. *** 2. Prayer life in church and home. 3. Activity as Christian workers. Students in 800 higher institutions of 4. Remarkable generosity. learning in the United States and Canada gave $100,000 for foreign missions. •** Some so-called* Ch*ristia*n giving is often Many Koreans went without one meal a day to send famine relief to India and of the nature of a gratuity-a tip-to China.

God. ••• *** If any man will follow me, let him deny Koreans having lost their earthly coun- try, are now seeking the heavenly. himself. There's not one law for the *** poor and another for the rich. Every Korean convert must bring an- •*• other before he is received into full mem- bership. Are we never to do anything for Jesus * * * There has been an average of one conbut the things that we enjoy doing. version every hour, since the first mis- **• sionary went to Korea.

The problem of missions is not on the Twenty-two t*hous*and*Koreans joined mission field, but in the church at home. the Pocket New Testament League last year. *•• *** Missionary work means conquest, sac- The Bible in Korea is a living book. rifice, suffering and victory. People have traveled 100 miles on foot in order to study its truths. *•• For every d*ay *sinc*e a missionary Often converts are called upon to endure greater sacrifices than the mission- landed in Korea, 26 years ago, a Chris- tian church has been organized. ary. *** *•* Last year 24,724 Korean Methodists Fellowship with Christ thrusts us forth gave over $37,000. to service. * Some Christian Ko*rea*ns not only tithe ••* their money, but also their time. The lonelier you are in Christian work, •*• the nearer you are to Christ, who trod In one Bible class of twelve women this world alone. they gave 170 months of their time in Christian service in one year. In Wang- ••• hai (Yellow Sea) Province, 160 men and women gave sixteen years. There's not a missionary who doesn't One church of 300 people gave 4,000 crave the prayers of God's people. days. The total contribution of time in one season equaled the preaching of Multiplicity o•f o*rgan*ization can not one man for 300 years.

take the place of the vital touch with * * * A missionary said, "1 had to go to Jesus Christ. Korea to learn how to pray." *** The missionaries present at the 1. M. U. Convention at Clifton Springs, June, 1911, represented 3,200 years of missionary service. Six ladies present gave 202 years of service.

There are 700•,000*squ•are miles of un- discovered territory in Arabia.

Often Korean workers, when hurriedly Of the 65,000 Christians in Burma only passing through a village with no time 4,000 are Burmese proper. to preach, will step into the church and pray. A Burman w•ants* his* head converted China before his heart. In 1877 an edict was published absolutely prohibiting woman's work in in- *•* land China; now the whole country is open. A missionary recently had to explain to a lady that Burma and Bermuda were * The ice and* snow *of superstition, not the same.

bigotry, and pride of thirty centuries in Japan China is fast passing away, and to-day The Japanese are wonderfully loyal to is the decisive hour. their emperor and country, and, as Chris- tians, are loyal to Christ. China has new* ed*ucati*onal, postal, and *•• currency systems, and is about to establish national and provincial assemblies. Formerly the merchant class in Japan was looked down upon. Now commer- * * * In Hunan province, women as well as cialism reigns supreme .

men know how to read and write. Leaders of th•oug*ht i*n Japan are in- In many part*s of* Ch*ina converts are clined to regard Christianity as the re- ligion that best meets their need. required to read and write before they are baptized. The Japanese *educ*atio*nal system tends * * When Gofort*h and his commpanions to cramming, is secularizing, and teaches cold morality. were trying to enter Hunan province, Hudson Taylor said, "If they ever do it, Tokyo is the *grea*test *educational cenit must be on their knees." They did it. ',er in the world. * * * As a result of an operation on a boy Female educa*ticn*in *Japan is wholly patient in one of the Chinese mission hospitals, ninety people of his village be- the result of Christianity. came inquirers. *•* The cigaret ha*s fo*und*its way all over Christianity has set up in Japan a new China. Shall we be behind with the Gos- ideal of character, and its influence is pel? permeating all government institutions of learning. India and Burma One of the encouraging signs in India **• is the formation of national missionary societies. Large numbers of Christians in Japan have positions of trust in business, banks, * * * For centuries thousands of little Hindu and the Government.

girls have been married to the gods, thus The Christian Church in Japan is combecoming temple girls, which meant a ing to the front, and the preacher who life of shame. can testify that Christ has changed char- acter gets the largest audiences. Within the last few years the Government of Bombay and the Maharaja of Turkey Mysore have forbidden the dedication of The Committee of Union and Progress minors to this service. of the Young Turk party (so called) is made up of educated Turks, Albanians, * India has been*called t*he burning heart Armenians, Bulgarians, Servians, Greeks of Asia. and others. * • • * * * Four-fifths of the population of Burma Before the Revolution of 1908 there was no freedom of speech, of the press, is Burmese, and the remainder are of assembly, or travel. Karens and other tribes. The Mohamm•edan• co*nception of God lacks the love side.

Turkish women allowed themselves to baking-powder tins, and these they use be sold from harem to harem in order as pockets. The natives' garb provide no to spread the cause of freedom. pockets.

>I< ,.. ,.. Latin Countries Last May, Christian Sunday-school In Porto Rico the decisive hour of children marched through the streets of missions is seen in the tendency of the Constantinople singing, "Onward Chris- upper classes toward evangelical Christian Soldiers." tianity.

* * * Freedom of conscience is not fully at- *** tained in Turkey, in consideration of the Mexico needs our prayers; drunkenolder school of Mohammedans. ness and vice is appalling.

,.. * ,.. * * ..

In Mohammedan lands the death pen- The doors in South America are open, alty can be lega1Jy pronounced on all but not off their hinges. Mohammedans becoming Christian, altho it is not always carried out. *** * * One of the res*ults of Christian missions In Venezuela there is a law against the increase of the number of clergymen. in Mohammedan lands is that, consciously or unconsciously, the students in our *** schools are beginning to view life from the angle of Christ. In Ecuador and Bolivia, prejudice must be overcome by schools and colleges. Bulgaria There are 1,500,000 Bulgarians in *** Macedonia. Bulgaria was 500 years under Turkish In Peru, al1 persons entering Protesrule. tant meeting places-even bishops-must For the last thousand years the Greek possess tickets of admission. Church remained practically unchanged. Recently the Greek Church and the *** Government in Bulgaria undertook to give the Bible to the people, and the The population of South America is first edition of 50,000 were rapidly sold. 40,000,000.

Africa *** The people of Africa are not a1l ne- Dr. Robert Speer is reported as saying groes; there are millions of Arabs, Copts, that after six months in South America, Berbers and Moors. he never saw greater darkness excepting in Central Africa, and that he went into ,.. * * seventy of the largest cathedrals in South America, and after diligent inquiry found There are 3,000 British settlers in only one Bible, and that a Protestant British East Africa. Bible about to be burned. If the Bible is not in their chUl;-ches, how much less *** in their homes?

Hyenas are the walking graveyards of *** Africa. When a man dies, his body is Henry Martyn, when in South America, prayed, "0, God! when wilt thou bring taken back into the bush and left there. the true cross to this land in the place of the crucifix?" ,. * * *** When eleven men, women, and chil- There is a world-wide protest against dren, and seventeen goats live together the Roman Catholic Church in France, Italy, Portugal and Spain; while in every in a hut fifteen feet square, it is difficult South American country they say Ro- manism is not to be the state religion. for the flowers of love and tenderness *** to flourish. * ,. * In recent years, 1,364 priests have left Sometimes the native women in Africa the Church of Rome in France.

pierce their ears and enlarge the hole until they can insert empty one-pound

FROM GERMAN

BY LOUIS MEYER The German East Africa Mission- two Mohammedans also have asked ary Society celebrated its twenty-fifth for Christian instruction and baptism. anniversary in the spring of this year. Thus the Lord sends special encour- Founded at a time when Germany had agement to the German East Africa acquired its first colonies, and when Society at the close of the first quarter public opinion was very much divided of a century of faithful work in dark concerning the wisdom and advantage Africa. of the acquisition, its first years were The Leipsic Missionary Society will filled with great difficulties, and much be able to look back upon 75 years of faith was required of those in charge blest work for the Master on August of the work. Its first work was at 17, 191I. Its chief field of labor is in Dar-es-Salaam, the most important southern India, which is considered a city of German East Africa, but most difficult field, tho entered al- Usambara was entered in 1891, and ready more than two hundred years a blest work among the heathen ago by the missionaries of the Halle- Shambalas was commenced. Many of Danish Society: When this work was these heathen have been converted and taken over by the Leipsic Society in baptized, and throughout the country 1837, there were but 1,400 native a weakening and breaking up of hea- Christians in the two stations, Tranke- then superstition is apparent, tho the bar and Porciar, and only 300 scholars majority of the people still remains in the missionary schools. In 1861 heathen. Lately, alas, Mohammedan- there were nine stations, 4,800 Chris- ism has entered the country, and it has tians, 1,000 pupils, and nine European quickly become powerful and threaten- missionaries, and two native evangel- ing. It is true that the great mass of ists; in 1886 there were 21 stations, the Shambalas still decline to accept 13,700 Christians, 3,300 pupils, and 25 the tenets of Islam, chiefly perhaps be- European missionaries, and 4 native cause they forbid the eating of the evangelists; in 191 I there are 40 staflesh of fallen animals, but the chiefs tions, 21,900 Christians, 11,700 pupils, and the traders are in favor of Islam. and 54 European missionaries, and 28 The missionaries in general declare native evangelists. Truly, a wonderthat Mohammedanism is a more ful growth. dangerous enemy than heathenism. The Rhenish Missionary SocieWre'-" Among the adherents of the latter only ports that the total number of native the medicine men, or waganga, are Christians in its extensive spheres of open enemies of Christianity, which activity was 158,621 on January I, threatens their profitable business, but 19II, so that the year 1910 brought every true Mohammedan holds every a net increase of 13,6g2. The work in Christian in contempt, and contempt Sumatra brought richest fruit, viz., is a dangerous weapon among these 7,421 baptisms of heathen (3,600 in people. Many a man among the 1909), so that the Christians there Shambalas joins the forces of Moham- number I03,528 now. The missionmedanism rather than be considered aries among the Hereros were enabled with contempt, and thus Islam spreads to baptize 1,610 heathen (736 in 1909), rapidly. The German East Africa and thus the number of native Chris- Society has at present seven stations tians were increased to 12,666. Since in Usambara, and five stations in Ru- the number of inquirers under Chrisanda, which is located west from Lake tian instruction, preparatory to bap- Victoria Nyassa and was entered only tism, was 19,642, (13,199 at the close a few years ago. In Ruanda, often of 1909), it is quite certain that the called the country of the giants and number of native Christians will conthe dwarfs, the first heathen have tinue to increase. The inquirers numapplied for baptism, 12 in Kirinda, bered I1,240 in Sumatra, and 3,~Jn and 'I in Dliinga. In the latter station Hereroland at the close of 1910, while

Nias, where the harvest of souls is so that the number of baptized native~ just commencing, reported 3,756 ear- increased to 62,972, of whom 33,683 nest inquirers at the close of 1910. were communicants. In 424 schools of The missionary force of the Rhenish all descriptions, 15,925 boys and girls Society consisted of 203 European received Christian instruction during workers, of 1,010 paid native helpers, 1910. The income of the society was and of 1,927 voluntary helpers (with- about $315,000, from all sources in out pay). 1910.

The Berlin Missionary Society held The Gossner Missionary Society, its annual meeting on June 14. Its which is 75 years old now, held its seventy-eighth annual report tells a annual meeting on June I I. It was story of great blessings and of con- able to close 1910 without a new detinued progress. In German East Af- ficit, its total income being almost rica the number of baptized heathen is $120,000, but the old deficit of more ten times larger to-day than ten years than $30,000 is rather burdensome. Its ago (1901, 328; 19If, 3808), while chief work is among the heathen Kols, the number of native Christians in all whose land the first Gossner missionits fields has increased to 62,972 at aries entered in 1845. Through the the close of 1910 (36,690 in 1898). blessing of God about 71,000 Kols The deficit with which the year closed have already become Christians, while was very small, tho there had been the missionaries have great difficulties great fear of a large one. In South to prepare the enquirers, who number Africa Ethiopism is growing less about 18,000 at present. Upon its strong, and the work of preparation other field in India, along the Ganges, for a native church is progressing. In the missionaries are also beginning to German East Africa the cause of reap the harvest after years of dis- Christ is advancing under the faithful couraging and seemingly vain labor. work of the Berlin missionaries, but the battIe with Islam is growing The Breklum Missionary Society, stronger, as in the sphere of activity which has most successful work in of the East Africa Society. The dan- India, has decided to extend its activger threatening from Islam has caused ity and enter upon the preaching of the planning of a conference of all the Gospel in some needy part of Dark- .~mlln and English missionary so- est Africa, probably East Africa. cieties working- in German East Africa. It will be held in the fall un- The North German Missionary Soder the leadership of Superintendent ciety, in Bremen, celebrated its seven- Klamroth of the Berlin Society. The friends and supporters of the society ty-fifth anniversary on Jnne II and 12. also have recognized the seriousness of the progress of Islam in German Among the guests were representa- East Africa, and have already fur- tives of the German Colonial Office nished the necessary means for the and of the Governments of the Ransa opening (or, perhaps better, reopen- Cities (Bremen, Hamburg, and Liiing), of the Station Pommern in the beck), which fact proved that official Muhanga country, while means are Germany is rapidly awakening to the promised for another station, Schlesi- importance of missionary effort in its en. in the threatened district. colonies, for the chief work of the North German Society is within Ger- The Berlin Missionary Society had, man West Africa. Of its 8 stations, on January I, 1911, 86 stations, 463 6 are in Togoland and two in the out-stations, 70~ preaching places, Il7 British Gold Coast Colony, while of ordained and 1.1 lay European mission- the 153 outstations, 134 are in the aries, 180 other European laborers German colony. The number of bap- (teachers, deaconesses, etc.), 1,138 na- tisms was 1,244 in 1910, so that a tive helpers (25 ordained). The num- higher number of natives was added to the church than in any previous ber of baptisms of adults was 1,825, year. In speaking of these baptisms, 1 it IS well to remember that the total number of natives baptized during the

DOUBT AND RELIGION IN FRANCE 61

first fifty-five years of missionary ac- wiped out the old large deficit, so that it entered the last quarter of its first tivity was only one thousand. The century entirely free of debt. Another number of native Christians in Togo- jubilee gift is the revision of the whole land has increased to 5,652, in the Gold Bible in the Ehve language, just com- Coast Colony to 2,622. In the 164 mis- pleted and immediately to be printed. sionary schools, 5,895 pupils were under Christian instruction during the The work of German Missionary Societies is in a most prosperous conpast year (5,639 in 1909). The so- dition, and the interest of German ciety closed the current year without Christians in the evangelization of the a new deficit, and was able to report world is steadily increasing. that its friends and supporters had DOUBT AND RELIGION IN FRANCE* BY PROFESSOR JEAN C. BRACQ The stern fact is that the French evolution. The editor of that interest- ing symposium wisely says it is undenation is moving away from its re- niable that religious studies have taken of late years an extraordinary developligious moorings. The priest has been ment; never, perhaps, since the Refor- mation has there been such a display deprived of his former non-religious of curiosity for all that concerns re- ligion, such labors of erudition, of powers. . . . No more can he criticism, and of propaganda. . . .

molest the non-Catholic pupil or terro- The College de France has had for many years an admirable course of rize the lukewarm Catholic professor, highly important scientific studies on even the doubting one, by the pros- religions. Professor Reville, long the incumbent of this chair, was a radical pect of dismissal. . The recent unitarian, but a most candid and able scholar, ever insisting upon the tranpolitical defeats of clerical candidates scendent importance of religion. Pro- fessor Loisy, recently elected to the show that the clergy have lost their same chair, is animated with a kin- dred spirit. The Practical School of former hold, and that the causes which High Studies, in the Sorbonne, has a score of courses by specialists devoted they endorse are decidedly unpopular. to the religions of the great people of the world, while the Sorbonne itself As Comte G. d'Avenel, a distinguished has now three chairs studying differ- eut periods in the history of Christian- French Catholic, puts its: Catholicism ity.

"has lost its material domination, the secular arm. It no longer leads the State, and has no longer any place· in the State. It has lost the masses. Its temples in a thousand places are de- serted." . . . Anti-clericalism is often synonymous with anti-religion.

Socialism, long and bitterly antago- nized by the priests, has become a unit against them. . . .

The churchless are, however, far from indifferent to religious problems, and any able religious speaker will find 1 he feeling grows that religion has hearers outside of the church more been one of the most fundamental deeasily than in America. In the early terminants of the character of various part of 1907 the Mercure de France civilizations. . . . There was never, organized an extensive inquiry, ask- during the preceding regime, such an ing eminent men "whether we are wit- intellectual zest for the problems of renessing a dissolution or an evolution of ligion. The philosophers have given -and are still giving-a large place religious thought?" The overwhelm- to this subject. They admit more and ing majority of French contributors more the importance of religious· feel- ings in the evolution of society and in decided for the second alternative, that we are in the presence of a religious • ExtracIS frolll Chapter JX of Professor Bracq's "France Under the RepubliCo"

comparative psychology, as well as the introducing into their work modern bearing of those feelings upon the va- critical and scientific methods, but with rious aspects of metaphysics. The ma- only a very moderate success. . • .

jority of them are ready to concede the But whatever be the system of train- practical value of the idea of God in ing, Catholic clergymen show a great- ethics as well as the great action of er readiness to break away from the religious forces upon sociological phe- Church, and several hundred priests nomena. In the philosophical teach- have left it during the last third of a ings of the secondary schools there is century. Through the increase of in- a general insistence upon the existence tellectual honesty, the influence of of God and the immortality of the military service and the loss of political soul. "Atheism," says M. power by the clergy, there has been a Georges Lyon, "is exceptional in the wholesome elimination of the former French philosophical world." This doubtful and mercenary elements of opinion of the distinguished rector of the priesthood. Never was there a the Academy of Lille has been again more active and aggressive spirit and again endorsed before the writer among young priests, and never have by other prominent speCUlative think- the French clergy allied to a greater ers. degree culture with devotion and life The introduction of philosophy into with doctrine.

the domain of religion upon a new One may say of the clergy, both scale is visible in the works of the secular and regular, that they have best Catholic and Protestant writers, grown in intensity and earnestness in the theses of Protestant students where they are dominant, in intelli- and in the better class of sermons. gence and moral power where they While the cleavage which has taken have been in touch with the philo- place in the world of beliefs has ar- sophical and scientific life. Politically rayed on the one side many who have and socially they move in a narrower become unreligious and atheistic, a range, but their real lasting spiritual corresponding movement has taken infhlence is greater.

place on the other toward a most Huguenot history renders to the positive faith. Atheists have become Christian Church and to historical deists, deists have accepted a broad science a great service in being a com- theism, and the philosophical theists f.·lete refutatlOn of the historic theory became for a time nea-Christians, the of races as the ultimate determinants neo-Christians liberal Catholics, and of religion. The study of the rise and some liberal Catholics have become ul- development of French Protestantism tramontane. Among those who have shows us how untenable is the asser- gravitated. toward belief there has tion that Germanic nations are Prot- been a tendency to give, at every angle estant and that the Celtic are Catho- of the religious prism, a larger place lic. . . .

to the mystical spirit without surren- The formula which represents the dering their philosophical ideals. . . . history of French Protestants during At the same time the spiritual auto- the last hundred years is the expansion cracy of the Vatican is as absolute as of life. This expansion has been mani- ever. The Gallican liberties, episcopal fested in the making of a new Protes- diglllty, and the independence of theo- tant ministry, in the development of a logical research are things of the past. Protestant literature, in their large and Some bishops-not those appointed varied philanthropies, in their mis- since the Separation-have endeav- sions, home as well as foreign, in "the ored to modernize the education of men whom Protestantism has jJro- their clergy, and have advocated the d,uced"-a truly remarkable list..:-in study of science as a help to faith. In "the high place in the world of some ways the Catholic universities of thought" caken by their ablest men, in Paris and Lille have done nobly in their self-organizing power.

EDITORIALS

OUR MEMORIAL NUMBER fund to found a lectureship or some "God buries His workmen, but carries on other fitting memorial to recognize His work." Doctor Pierson's life service. It was, This number of THE MISSIONARY however, very much against his wish REVIEW is largely devoted to a review and the wish of his family that any of the life and work of the late Editor- personal appeals should be made, so in-Chief. The purpose is not to glori- that the plan was not pushed to a suc- fy the man, no matter how praise- cessful conclusion. Some money was worthy may have been his character generously contributed, and was and his work; the motive in the prep- placed by the donors at Doctor Pier- aration of these brief tributes has been son's disposal, to use in any way he to glorify the Master as the One who saw fit. As he was about to start on called. his world missionary tour it seemed In the service held at Northfield, best to devote this money to mission- Mass., on August 6th, 19IO, in recog- ary work in the fields visited, and nition of Doctor Pierson's fifty years many worthy and needy causes were of service in the Gospel ministry, he substantially helped. Some friends would permit no eulogy of himself, have now suggested that a more per- asking only to be allowed to give his manent memorial might be established testimony to the faithfulness of God in Korea, the last mission field visited and the blessing that had come from by Doctor Pierson, the land where his trusting in His promises. The testi- daughter, Mrs. Curtis, is working, and mony was based on four passages of the land that so profoundly imprest Scripture: Psalm I: I and 2; Prov- him for the deep spirituality of the erbs 3: 6; Matthew 6: 33; and John missionaries and the Christlike char- 7: I7· Doctor Pierson recorded his acter of the work. It was the earnest conviction as to the importance of the hope of Dr. Pierson that he might be study of God's word, the open ac- spared to help build up this needed knowledgment of Him as Guide and work, and we know of nothing that King, the faithfulness of God's pro- would more fully meet his wishes or vision for every need, and the readi- more fittingly continue the work so ness of God to lead into the light dear to his heart than a Bible training those who are ready to follow it. school in Korea. It would best be con- Preparations are being made to ducted under the auspices of one of the publish a biography of Doctor Pierson missionary boards. It may be that some at an early date. His life was remark- who have been helped by Doctor Pier- ably rich in variety and incident; he son's teachings, and who would count was in close fellowship with some of it a privilege to help establish a fitting the widely known leaders of his day, memorial, would contribute a fund to and his character, his work and his establish and endow a Bible school for writings furnish a rich store from training Christian workers in Korea.

which to draw instruction and inspira- The abiding and growing influence of tion for all days to come. Friends such an institution could not be e&ti- who have any biographical material of mated. It is not in useless monuments general interest are asked to forward of stone that we would perpetuate the it as promptly as possible to the office name and influence of this great advo- of THE REVIEW. Reminiscences, cate of missions, but in some useful in- poems, newspaper clippings, incidents stitutions in which the spirit of Christ or letters will be especially valued and may be manifested and through which the originals will be returned if de- His kingdom may be promoted.

sired. DR. PIERSON'S FAREWELL MIS. SIONARY MESSAGE A Permanent Memorial At the time of Doctor Pierson's Golden Jubilee celebration last year Just before the late Editor-in-Chiefs some friends in America and in Eng- departure from Korea, where he spent land suggested the raising of a jubilee two months, he wrote, on January 8th,

a message to the missionaries whom caned for an inward transformation he had expected to meet in person, but was prevented by the condition of his at Peniel. ' health. As his last message to those who with him have held dear the faith "3rd. To Joseph-when the voice in Christ Jesus our Lord, and who with him have devoted themselves to called for administration of a regal rethe extension of the kingdom of God, this letter is of peculiar interest and sponsibility in a crisis of national peril. importance. Doctor Pierson wrote: "4th. To Moses-with a call to ab- "SEOUL, January 8, 1910. solute self-renunciation. "DEAR BRETHREN: "5th. Then to Joshua-when the "I had hoped that I might have had more personal contact with the be- call came to complete self-surrender loved missionaries here, but it has been simply impracticable. My health of his generalship and plans of warhas not allowed even private interviews to any considerable extent. fare into the hands of the invincible Early this week I am constrained to start on my way homeward, leaving Captain of the Lord's Host. only a general word of farewell and blessing. "6th. To David-a call to abandon "I wish to assure you that I have his own cherished plan for building a been here long enough to become intensely interested in the missionary house for God, even after it had been activity here, and it will have a permanent place in my daily prayers. formally approved by the prophet Na- "If I had been privileged to speak than, and to leave it to another to carry to you to-day it would have been from. Acts 26: 19: 'Vhereupon I was not out even after most extensive preparadisobedient unto the heavenly vision.' tions had been made, and vast sums of "The force of the word 'whereupon' is 'immediately,' there is therefore a money had been accumulated by himthree-fold lesson. self; which, if the numerical state- !'I. To every man there comes at some time a heavenly vision. ments in 1 Chron., Chapters 22 and 29, "2. The one duty is obedience. are to be depended upon, must have "3. And everything may depend upon the promptness of that obedi- amounted to about on,e hundred milence. "I had intended to use as an illus- lions of dollars-and this of his own tration of these truths, Acts 7, the keynote of which is the following words: private property in addition to still 'The God of glory appeared and said': that is to say, it was a vision accom- more vast preparations. panied by a voice, as all great visions are. "7th. To Solomon-it was a call to "There is a revelation of the will of God and a personal call. Then follow dependence upon a higher wisdom, eight instances of what may be called a 'vocal vision,' or a viliion accompan- notwithstanding his own brilliant enied by a voice. "1st. To Abraham-when the voice dowments. called for separation. ";md. To Jacob – when the voice "It will be seen that everyone of these was a call to some form of self- renunciation. Abram was called to renounce country and kindred. Jacob got no victory till he ceased from self- effort, and consented to be a cripple.

Joseph was called to renounce all human insight and foresight, in order to meet a great national crisis. Moses was called to renounce the riches of Egypt, a royal position and the throne of the world. Joshua was called to renounce all pride in his generalship, and follow measures only calculated to promote ridicule. David was called to renounce the chosen purpose of a life- time. And Solomon to renounce an wisdom of his own and all dependence upon everything but God.

"To all of these must be added the illustration furnished by Stephen him- self, who was called to make the great- est sacrifice that any man can make- to give up life itself, and exchange the blest activity of service for the but they were unable to agree as to pains and apparent disasters of martyrdom at the beginning of his career. which was the one.

"This is what I desire to leave as The first aim as Christians should my last message, and entrust in the n~me of the Lord to another's lips, be t,he mani~estatio? of the spirit of with the prayer that this divine lesson may be learned by us all. ChrIst, the Vital umon with Him the "Most affectionately yours in the perfect obedience to His control. This Lord, is gener~ll~ agree~ to in theory-why "ARTHUR T. PIERSON." not put It In practlse? The reason is DENOMINATIONAL UNITY that many men and denominations We are not among those who believe that the organic union of Chris- have not as much unselfishness and tendom, or of evangelical Christian churches is the first or most important spirit of sacrifice in the Church as step in winning the world to our Lord ] <:sus Christ, or in carrying out the they have in national life. In a village Wish of our Lord, exprest in His prayer, "That they may be all one." the first question should be-how can An external union might be the very ~eans to ~efeat our Lord's purpose. the cause of Christ be best manifested fo . our minds, the most important achievement first to be sought is the and promoted in this place? Then the closer and more perfect union with our Lord as head of the Church. If salary of ministers, the precedence of this is accomplished there may be many denominations, but one body and churches, the minor differences of one Spirit. If this be the first great aim of all Christians, then there can order of worship, church government be no rivalry or jealousy; it will make no difference whether the individual, and insignificant points of adomicstrsiinoe~ the society, or the denomination be will sink out of sight. In praised or lead in the world's work, each will be willing to be anathema if field the first consideration should be only the name of the Lord Jesus is glorified. the united witness to the Gospel and Some of the recent discussions on the exhibition of the spirit of brotherly church union seem to turn· on the point that none are willing to die. love. This is what will impress the History and prestige are held to be more important than life and work. non-Christian world. Then it will not In our cities, country districts, mission fields it is sometimes desirable that a be a question as to which society enchurch shall die for the sake of the kingdom of God. Yet in some of the tered the field first, or which has indiscussions relating to union and cooperation we are reminded of the de- vested the most money; it will be a bate on the raft at sea, where the party of survivors from the sinking ship question for friendly discussion and found that the water and provisions were insufficient to sustain them all, decision as to which body of workers and each agreed that one of the party should be willing to die for the others, can most successfully advance the kingdom of God in that place. A dif- ference of opinion may be amicably settled by arbitration or division of territory.

When we can, as Christians, agree that God is the universal Father and ruler, that Christ Jesus is the universal Savior and Lord, that surrender to Him is the way to receive the gift of life, that the Bible contains God's revela- tion of the way of life, and that God's Spirit brings light and life, power and love into the soul, then we shall be ready for union as followers of Christ Jesus, and will not waste time and energy and money in minor discus- sions or in perpetuating useless dis- tinctions. It is not the most essen- tial thing that a man or a church, a denomination or a mission, shall live physically, but it is most important that they shall live spiritually and per- petuate the spirit and teachings of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. MISSIONARY TREASURIES-WHAT without money can do infinitely more than money without God. IS THE TROUBLE? Third, as a rule it is the testimony ''Yord comes from missionary so- of those who are studying the probcieties in America and Great Britain lem that the chief difficulty lies with of large deficits in missionary treas- the short-sighted policies of the pasuries. The Church Missionary Soci- tors of churches and their official ety of England reports a debt of $240,- boards. Fears are openly exprest that 000 in spite of efforts to clear the money given to missions will dedeficiency. The London Missionary So- crease the home revenues, and that ciety is $215,000 behind, and the Eng- time and workers devoted to worldlish Baptist Missionary Society is in wide work will take away from those debt $50,000. The same condition ap- needed for the local church and compears in Scotland and in America. munity. Only a few of the societies have their balance on the right side of the ledger. There may be other causes for defi- All this is despite the great missionary ciencies in enlarged plans of societies, expositions, conferences and move- in political disturbances, gifts to more ments among men, women and young secular causes, and to commercial depeople. pression, but we are convinced that the chief cause is the general lower- What is the trouble? It is easier to ing of spiritual life in many of our ask the question than to answer it, but churches and cities, in the prevailing the difficulty seems to us to be three- laxity of ideas in regard to the necesfold: First, too much emphasis is sity of salvation through Christ alone, placed on great movements, on ma- and in the increase of luxurious and chinery, on secular support for Chris- selfish living. Weare not pessimistic, tian work; and too little emphasis is but we believe in looking the facts placed on the Spirit to move the ma- squarely in the face and in putting chinery, on the personal relationship first things first. of men and women to the Lord Jesus Christ himself, and on the call of duty THE GREATEST OBSTACLE TO and privileges in fulfilling His commission. Too much energy is used MISSIONS also in starting the machinery going, and too little in keeping it up. There Missionary Basden, in Onitscha on may be a whirlwind campaign that the Niger, West Africa, writes: "We will catch men up and carry them have here a flourishing congregation along like paper. Then the breeze of native Christians, and our meetdies down and there is a dead calm. ings are attended by 1,400 persons Men are silenced in their opposition to sometimes. Yet I am sure that dozens missions, but they are not born again of Europeans who pass through Onitin their relation to Jesus Christ and scha have returned to their homes and His work. are diligently affirming that they did not see a Christian native on the Niger. Second, too much emphasis is placed The indifference of Europeans to religon money and too little on the work ious matters is simply awful, and our to be done, and the Lord and His black Christians are unable to underworkers who are to do it. Men and stand it. Some years ago I was asked women are told how little sacrifice is the question, What makes missionary needed to give two or five cents a work especially difficult? and I was week, large gifts are announced and forced to answer, The bad influence advertised as evidence of consecration, of Europeans. The experience of the and standards of giving are set, but last years has only strengthened that the personal responsibility of each di- conviction." Many Americans are sciple to his Master is not made the likewise a hindrance to missionary efchief consideration. Some talk and fort, but some travelers and merchants write as tho money would convert the and government officers are a great world, whereas we know that God help to the work.

MISSIONARY

EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN only grow in usefulness as it grows in years." Training of Missionaries Christian Endeavor in Great Britain The first practical outcome of t~e Edinburgh Missionary Conference IS Some interesting figures were prethe formation of a Board of Study, sented recently in the report rendered consisting of representatives o~ var!- at the Christian Endeavor Conference ous missionary societies, the UnIVerSI- at Middlesbrough. It seems that the ties, and specialists in Oriental mat- total membership is over 228,618, the ters, who will provide facilities for the new societies registered during the more thorough training of mission- year numbering 156. There are 112 aries of all denominations in the lan- new societies in England, I9 in Ireguages, religions, and customs of the land, 17 in Scotland, and 8 in Wales. East. For some time the Edinburgh The president for the year is Rev. F. Conference International Continuation Committee has been considering the J. Horsefield, vicar of St. Silas, Brismatter, and at a largely attended me.eting at the Bible House the formatIOn tol, who said he would use his best of the Board was decided upon. The endeavors during the year to help for- .majority of the missionary societies ward the work, and to break down the have already appointed delegates to barriers of denominational prejudice. represent them, and the remainder are expected to follow suit.. It will be t.he London Mi.sionary Society's Ten Yean' business of the executIve to advIse candidates for the mission field, and Review give information to training colleges as to the curriculum, while it is antici- Deprest Christians who deplore the pated that the various missionary so- "arrested progress" at home, have cieties themselves will consult the only to look abroad to have their faith Board. The full scope of the Board's renewed and their interest revived. In work can not be decided upon till it is the London Missionary Society Chronknown what steps the Government is icle is a careful survey of the whole of taking with regard to the foundation their field during the past ten years, of a School of Oriental Studies simi- showing the work actually accomlar to the institutions which already plished. It is a splendid tale: exist in France and Germany. A simi- lar board is in the process of forma- "The church-membership has intion in the United States. creased from 58,059 to 84,185. The only mission which shows no increase A British Statesman on the Bible is South India. The church in Travan- core has grown from 7,901 to 11,243. A good example has been set by Sir In China the membership has slightly Robert Hart, for so many years Di- more than doubled, and is now 15,215, rector of Chinese Customs. He wrote as compared with 7,600 in 1891. The recently to the British and Foreign African Mission, especially in Central Bible Society as follows: "It occurs Africa, has also more than doubled its to me, as I am just opening a new membership, from 2,667 to 5,499. The check-book, that I could not do better church in Madagascar-amid all its than dedicate the first check to the troubles-has now a membership of British and Foreign Bible Society; so 29,449, as compared with 21,961; and here is a donation of a hundred guin- the Polynesian churches have grown eas. The work done is enormous, and from a membership of 14,544 to 19,- the good it accomplishes is beyond 462, the growth being mainly in Pa- all calculation. . . . As foundation pua." and scaffolding for all building, the Society has proved itself and its worth THE CONTINENT beyond all praise, and I am sure it will Norway and Medical Mi..ions A beginning of medical mission in- terest is reported from Norway.. The story is told in Medical Missions at Home and Abroad: "A Christian asso-

clatlOn of Norwegian physicians has the door and knocking." Mr. 'Fettler been founded at Christiania. The holds Bible classes in the palace of the members composing it are 35 physi~ Princess Lieven, to which some three cians from different parts of the coun- hundred persons come. The great hall try; and the chairman, Doctor Jen- of the city councilor Duma has been senius, 'Nordstrand, Christiania, gave granted to him for Sabbath-school an inspiring and beautiful address at demonstrations. The hall of the Nothe first meeting. The objects of the bel building (erected by the petroleum association are: (I) The strengthen- and dynamite king, Alfred Nobel, ing of the Christian life of the mem- founder of the Nobel Prizes), has also bers; (2) to promote the spiritual wel- been used by Fettler for evangelistic fare of medical students; (3) to stir services." up interest in medical missions in the form of homes for epileptics and A Great Baptist Reformation other sufferers, under a Christian superintendent; and (4) to aid Chris- There is in progress in Russia and tian men and women who desire to southeastern Europe the most remarkgive themselves up to medical mission able religious movement of modern work on the foreign field." times. It is spreading among the Slavs and Cossacks of Russia, the Jesuits in Russia Letts and Esthonians of the Baltic provinces, the Cechs of Moravia and The recent expulsion from Moscow the great Carpathian range, the Magof the head of the Jesuits, and other yars, Slovacs and Ruthenians of Hun- "Roman Catholic zealots," marks an- gary, and it has reached the various other stage in the development of the races of the Balkan States. differences between the Russian Government and the Vatican. A weII- During the past half century Bapinformed St. Petersburg correspond- tist churches have been established in ent states that a hitherto unsuspected alI these countries, partIy through the Romish propaganda .has been discov- missionary enthusiasm of the German ered in Moscow and in St. Petersburg, Baptist Union, and partly through the where the Jesuits have managed to get dissemination of the Scriptures. the control of the Roman Catholic schools. Churches founded less than five years ago number 700 or 800 members, Pastor Fenler aa an Evangelist and in one case 1,200; in the Nagy Szalonta district we have records of The Record of Christian Work gives 250 baptisms per month; in Morava this account of the labors of a new Norbert Capek has established 2I sta- Russian evangelist: tions, with I,200 members, in seven years; FetIer in St. Petersburg has "Pastor Wilhelm Fettler, a Russian gathered a church of 300 members in educated in Spurgeon's College, and three years, has established 12 mission preaching in St. Petersburg, in Rus- stations, and has compelled the attensian, Lettish, German and English, is tion of the whole city to the principles having a great ingathering among the and progress of the Baptist movement. working classes. Men stand patiently —John Clifford. for hours in the aisles of his meetingplaces, block up doorways, and fill A Russian Priest Unfrocked ante-rooms. News comes just now that the evan- "When the people kneel to pray, gelical priest and preacher, Gregori after the Russian manner, the effect is Petrow, in St. Petersburg, has been indescribable. Wave after wave of unfrocked and forbidden to preach beemotion thrills the assembly. The rich cause of his advanced evangelical bass of the men's voices is very power- views. The Record of Christian Work ful as they join in the 'Glory Song' gives some interesting details of his or in a favorite hymn by the Grand ministry: In the St. Petersburg priest, Duke Constantine, 'I am standing at Gregori Petrow, the evangelical move-

MISSIONARY

ment in Russia has a powerful repre- of energy and self-respect. On the sentative. He is not merely a man of Galata Bridge he met a Turk and his exceptional knowledge in many lines of wife walking side by side, while under thought-but he seems to have also a the old custom the lord of creation singularly clear grasp of the meaning stalked ahead, while his wife humbly of Christ's teaching. In the capifal tagged along a few paces in the rear. there is no hall large enough to hold The official who did him a favor drew the multitudes that throng to hear his back at the offer of the usual "coffee religious lectures. Petrow is a man money," saying, "My government in the prime of life. He has filled pays my salary." Formerly the positions of importance in the na- Turkish subject must secure a pertional Church; head clergyman of the mit specifying the date of his prochurch of St. Alexander Nevsky, re- posed trip and the route he would ligious instructor to the corps of take; he must get the signature of the pages-where he has in charge the taxgatherer that showed all his taxes pick of the youth of the Russian were paid, and the seal of his religious aristocracy-and professor in theolo- community testifying that he was a gy at the POlytechnic Schoo!' His good citizen and that none of his relaevangelical note recalls the doctrines tives had run off to America, and the of the hated Stundists. Petrow is, signature of the governor of the state too, a burning anti-alcoholist, publish- and several other officials, anyone of ing a temperance paper and many whom, if he chose, could block the pamphlets on the subject. permit.

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS A Time of Testing at Hand American Schools in Turkey Rev. F. E: Hoskins writes from Beirut: "Many of our Syrian churches After an extended visit to the Orient, have experienced a fresh awakening William E. Curtis, the world-famous and greater signs of life appear. Chriscorrespondent of the Chicago Record- tians in the Ottoman Empire are fa- Herald, wrote home: "The influence cing a new testing time in life in being of the American schools has been car- drafted into the Turkish army. If all ried to every corner of the empire. the promises of the new regime were Every student leaving these American kept the military training would be an schools has carried the germ of prog- excellent tonic for all young men. ress to his sleeping town. He has be- Unfortunately for the empire, a large come a force for the new order wher- number of young men have fled from ever he has gone. This influence," the country, and this course has says Mr. Curtis, "has been working opened the door for charges of disfor a half century or more, and has loyalty which have been uttered on the been preparing the minds of the peo- floor of the Parliament and reechoed ple for the great change that has re- through all grades of social life. If cently come over them. The mission- men are ennobled by bravely facing a aries do not teach revolution, they do difficult situation in life, then the not en~ourage revolutionary methods; Christians of the Ottoman Empire but they have always preached and have a grand opportunity. taught'liberty, equality, fraternity and the rights of man." INDIA Turkey Then and Now Caste System Giving Way Dr. White, of Marsovan, noted many Christianity teaches that one is the welcomed changes in conditions of life Father of all and that all are brethren. in Turkey as he returned to his field Many predicted that Christianity could after furlough. In two days' stay at never make headway in India unless it Constantinople he never saw a dog; recognized caste. For three generabut the streets were cleaner than ever, tions Christian ideas have been proand men walked them with a new air mulgated and exemplified. To-day, among the loudest to proclaim that love touched him; he took off his caste is the curse of India are the Hindu charms, ate with our catechists Brahmans themselves. They openly (so breaking his caste), and has has tell the people that Christianity is right been with them ever since, reading in its contention that caste is an evil, God's Word and learning. When I and that it must be abolished. A num- asked him what drew him to Christ, ber of native organizations have laid he said: 'Our gods show kindness to down the principle that caste is a curse the "shadhus" (holy men), but the and can not be retained. So far as a Lord Christ to sinners, and I am a sinwide acceptance of the idea of the ner.' In the eyes of the Hindus he brotherhood of man is concerned, the was a 'shadhu,' for he was one with battle has already been won. It yet them in dress and ways." remains to overcome deep-seated prejudices and create a new social order Illiterates in the Orient to take the place of the old. The Christian Literature Society of Widowhood in India India is calling attention to the deplor- able illiteracy in the Far East. In the The figures are appalling in respect Indian Empire, it is stated that there of child marriages. The census of are 277,000,000, and in China 300,- 1901 showed 121,500 married boys, 000,000, who can not read and write and 243,500 married girls, whose age their own languages. This illiteracy was under five; 760,000 boys and is one of the greatest of all hinder- 2,030,000 girls between the ages of ances to the progress of the Gospel. five and ten; 2,540,000 and 6,585,000 They can not read, they can not think, between ten and fifteen. Of these, all they can not understand the teachings except a certain number of girls under of Christianity. In India, practically the last class were married before they all the women and girls are illiterate, were able to realize what marriage is. only one in ninety being able to read The most deplorable result of such and write.-American Messenger. marriages is seen in the number of widowed children; 6,000 widowers Government Aid for Mission Schools and 96,000 widows were less than five years of age; 37,000 widowers and In India everyone of our mission- 96,000 widows were between five and aries is receiving large and increasing ten; 113,000 widowers and 276,000 government grants in partial support widows between ten and fifteen. of every educational institution and school which can be maintained at the A "Holy Man" Says He i. "A Sinner" level required. Our tremendous school system in Ceylon of more than ten Writing in India's Women and Chi- thousand pupils is carried on practina's Daughters on work in Krishnagar cally at government expense. The inand district, Miss Janet T. Sharpe spectors are among the most cordial says:- "With our catechists is a young visitors to our colleges, and their man, a Hindu, desiring to be a Chris- standards are in every case just. Retian. In November, at the time of the call also that Mr. D. C. Churchill is fair at Nadiya, this man took a tract carrying on his experiments and invenfrom our Bible women who were tions on his new hand-loom subsidized speaking to the numerous pilgrims. by the Government of India.-Ameri- He bought a Gospel, and as he still can Board Bulletin. went on following them, our women said: 'If you wish to know more we Baptisms hy the Thousand will take you to our catechists who are here'; and this they did. For six Bishop Warne writes of his return years this young man had been visit- from a tour in the Northwest India ing all the holy places of the Hindus, Conference, where he baptized 700 and so at this time had come to Na- persons "near Delhi." Two thoudiya. The simple Gospel message of sand fnore were ready for baptism in the same region. The significance ?f the location is better realized when Hinduism Bestirring Itself one remembers that Delhi was the capital of the old Mogul Empire, and Rev. W. E. S. Holland of Allastill holds within its walls the greatest habad recently wrote to The Church Mohammedan mosque in India. Del- Missionary Society Gazette: "Most hi was one of the three cities which significant of all is the first 'Ghuddi' figured as centers in the Sepoy Mu- ('purification') Conference-to continy. sider the admission of non-Hindus and of the outcastes to Hinduism, and An Incident in Census-taking the readmission of repentant converts. Till this present moment it has been M akhzan-i-Masihi gives the follow- neither possible nor desired that a ing story of intimidation regarding non-Hindu or a lapsed Hindu should census operations: "In one village the join or rej oin the Hindu fold. But Christians were told that if they en- the Christian propaganda has awaktered their names as Christians they ened Hinduism to the fact that it must would be drafted as coolies to go to be missionary or die. The most amazan island of the sea-perhaps British ing thing is the new-born desire to lift Guiana-and as one of their number the outcastes, numbering 60,000,000 in a year or two ago disappeared mys- India, lest they should be driven into teriously and is supposed to have been the fold of Christianity or Islam. Ressent as a coolie to some distant island, olutions I and 2 run: 'That in this report of the deportation of all the opinion of this Conference it is the Christians of this village to this necessary and desirable (I) that the far-away island is readily believed. It deprest classes throughout India be is by reports of this kind, as well as in raised socially, spiritually, mentally other ways, the attempt is made to and morally, and that steps be taken frighten these poor villagers into a for the achievement of this end; (2) denial of their being disciples of to admit to the fold of Hinduism those Christ." who desire it, after the performance of Prayas-chitta (penance, including Hindu Idea of Religion the eating and drinking of the five products of the cow) and Homa.' Sir Monier Williams tells how he Truly, Hinduism is fighting in its last met in India an intelligent Sikh from lines of defense!" the Punjab, and asked him about his religion. He replied; "1 believe in A Colony of Sturdy Chrilltians one God, and I repeat my prayers, The Indian Witness describes a called Japji, every morning and eve- Christian colony in the Punjab some 90 miles from Lahore. Because of ning. These prayers occupy six pages congestion of population, Christian of print, but I can get through them natives petitioned the Government for in a little more than ten minutes. I a grant of jungle land near the great have made one pilgrimage to a holy canal of the Chenab. Four thousand well near Amritsar. Eighty-five steps acres were turned over to them on lead down to it. I descended and which nearly 2,000 men, women and bathed in the sacred pool, then I as- children are now settled. The jungle cended one step, and repeated my has been all cleared, wells dug, houses, ]apji in about ten minutes. Then I schools, post-office and a stately descended again to the pool and bathed church built. The farmers assess again, and ascended to the second step, themselves to support a pastor and school-teachers and have established and repeated my Japj i a second time. a mission to evangelize the heathen villages in the neighborhood. The re- Then I descended a third time and ligious guidance of this community is bathed, and ascended to the third step; in the hands of American and Scotch and so on for the whole 85 steps, 85 Presbyterian missions. hathings, and 85 repetitions of the same prayers. It took me exactly 14 hours, from 5 P. M. one evening to 7 A. M. next morning." What the Bible Did for Them schools, hospitals and churches bene- fited by this memorial gift is 39. At a gathering of Indian Christian workers in Meerut testimonies were CHINA given to the benefits experienced in regular Bible study. All these testi- China and Opium monies refer to God's Word, which these Indian workers are pledged to According to recent news, an agreeread daily for at least one hour. ment has been practically reached be- tween the Chinese Foreign Office and "In it I hear the voice of Christ." Great Britain. The main points of "It presents to me the picture of my the agreement are: (I) That the im- Lord." portation of Indian opium shall cease "It is as sunlight to my soul." as soon as the cultivation of opium "It satisfies my spirit." ceases in China. (2) That in the "It purifies my heart." meanwhile the duty on imported opi- "It is to me the fountain of the water of um may be increased threefold. (3) life." That the accumulated stocks of Indian "It quenches my thirst." opium, amounting to about 20,000 "It is my food." chests, may be sold without a time "It is the living Word." limit, but that the Indian imports shall "It is my great teacher." be correspondingly decreased. China "It is to me the way to heaven." in the last three years has reduced her "It is my special friend." cultivation of opium by about 70 per "It is God's dwelling-place." cent. It is therefore almost certain "It is to me a bazaar of heavenly sup- that within the next two years, or plies." even less, the poppy will no longer be "It is God's letter of love to my spirit." grown in China, and that consequent- "It is the ship that carries me home." ly, in accordance with the projected "It is the touchstone of my soul." treaty, the lucrative traffic from India "It is my spiritual pasture." will automatically be brought to an "It is the spiritual garden of Eden." end. "It is my sword in warfare with sin and Satan." "It is a province of the heavenly kingdom."

Gifts from Siamese King Opium Smoking Forbidden The Government of Siam spent The following sentences are from four million ticals ($1,520,000) on an imperial edict recently issued at memorial presents, given out on the Peking: "Many, no doubt, have done recent cremation of His Majesty, the their best to carry out orders, but it is late king. The Siam and Laos mis- highly probable that others have acted sions were asked to state what they otherwise. If negligence is condoned would like for their churches, schools in this regard, opium smoking will and hospitals, and handsome presents never be stamped out. Therefore we were given, ranging in value from 50 again issue commands to the effect that in future in no region where ($19) to 500 ($190) ticals. A list poppy-growing has been stopt may was suggested for the institutions of replanting be resorted to, and persons the American Presbyterian mission, who have discontinued the habit may and these include pianos, honor desks, not again indulge. Viceroys and govclocks, microscopes, operating tables, ernors are to give strict warning in sterilizers, instrument cabinets and terms of the imperial orders to those electric batteries. In addition to the who have not yet ceased to smoke to above gifts, each school in the Siam quit the habit. There must be no deand Laos missions received a photo- lays allowed. District Magistrates graph of the late King of Siam. who are negligent and careless in car- rying out the orders of their superiors The gifts for the schools and will be heavily punished. The Tuchihchurches were selected by the king pu and the Minchengpu are hereby himself, and those for the hospitals ordered to make thorough investigawere selected by missionaries appointed by him. The total number of tions to follow up the matter in order tisms. It is nearly forty-six years to secure real results, and to show since Mr. Hudson Taylor yielded him- forth the desire of the Throne to erad- self to God, at Brighton, for the lead- icate this evil from the people." ership of this work, and forty-five A Stirring Appeal and the Response years since the sailing of the Lammer- muir party. During these years some Pastor Ding Li Mei, the first Chi- 36,500 Chinese have, in connection nese General Secretary of the Stu- with the work of the mission, publicly dent Volunteer Movement-a man of confest Christ in baptism. Of these "beautiful Christian character tried in 36,500, nearly 12,964 were baptized Boxer fires," with a radiant face-has during the thirty-five years which premade a twofold appeal to students ceded the Boxer crisis, and the reto give themselves to their country's maining 23,500 during the years which evangelization, first, for Christ's sake, have succeeded that baptism of blood. and, second, for China's sake. The The apparently barren years of plowresult has been remarkable. Says Dr. ing and of seed-sowing are now bring- Fenn: "For the Church in China this ing forth their harvest. "But," it was means the hastening of the day when asked, "should we not look for yet she will be self-supporting, self- greater things?" The average numpropagating, self-governing. For the ber of baptisms per annum for the last Church in America it means the great- ten years has been about 2,600. est challenge of the century. Who did not join in the prayer for native The Miaaionary'. Task laborers to go forth into that harvest? The missionary is the introducer of Did we mean it? Did we only antici- current Western standards. He inpate a few volunteers who could be structs his schoolboys respecting bathprovided for by the existing agencies; ing, spitting, the use of the handkerand are we staggered because God has chief, neatness of garb, the care of opened the windows of heaven and one's room, modesty in personal habpoured us out a blessing?" its. He teaches the people to clean Union in School Work house and yard, to whitewash the In Fuchau the representatives of walls of the home, to scour the floors three Boards have passed resolutions of the school-room or church. He ento unite their kindergarten work un- forces the duty of being humane to der one organization. This step will dumb animals, of rearing defective strengthen the influence of the educa- children, of educating daughters and tional work for children be securing c<.msuIting the wife.-Century Magabetter equipment and a larger force of zine.

teachers than the three societies could What It COlta to Be a Christian provide separately. The Methodists, Church of England and American The break of the genuine convert Board will thus be drawn closer to- with his past in China is far more gether in the common cause. Similar abrupt than anything with which we movements toward efficiency and econ- are familiar. He turns his back on omy are on foot in many foreign cen- opium, gambling and unchastity, the ters. besetting sins of his fellows. He abandons cheating, lying, back-biting, Work of the China Inland Mission quarreling and filthy language, which This society reports a total of 968 are all too rife among the undiscip- missionaries at the close of I9IO. To lined common people. He shuns liti- these are to be added no fewer than gation, of the ruin of the villager.

2,008 Chinese colleagues, 689 of whom By withdrawing from the festivals ill are either self-supporting or are sup- . the ancestral hall and from the rites ported by the Chinese Church. The at the graves of his ancestors, he sun- reports for I9IO, so far as they are ders himself from his clan and incurs yet to hand, tell of some 2,832 bap- persecution. Thus, the converts be-

come separatists, with the merits and decidedly noisy. Occasionally a little defects of separatists. Cut off from urchin sits cross-legged on the corner the world and thrown on one another, of the pulpit platform, or plays on they form a group apart, a body of the floor way down front, or perhaps Puritans that will one day be a pre- stands meditatively gazing at the forcious nucleus of moral regeneration eigner. The doors and windows are for China.-Century Magazine. wide open and we do not suffer from bad air. Dogs and sometimes a sheep Chinese Students Becoming Christians wander in, but more important are the stray listeners who are attracted by The conspicuous feature of Epiph- the music or the sound of the preachany this year is the change in atti- er's voice. tude toward Christianity on the part of thinking men and students in col- How One Chinese Christian Gives leges. Some seven or eight hundred asked for admission tickets to Boone A wealthy official was lately bapon Christmas day, to a religious meet- tized by Ding Lee May in Tientsin, ing for telling the meaning of Chris- the city which Yuan Shi Kai made tianity. It was an unheard-of thing a model of municipal government. Afin these parts. On top of all the news ter his conversion he gave 20,000 taels has just come that the most brilliant (about $14,0(0) to the Y. M. C. A., student ever in Boone University, who and proposes to give IO,ooo taels yearwill take his degree this Chinese New ly for the support of twenty of the Year, a son of a great, learned and best preachers he can find. He also wealthy family, has just come out has land in Manchuria upon which he openly, declared his faith in Christ and plans to settle, free of charge, all asked to be prepared for baptism. He Christians who apply. is a man for whom we have prayed for years. Each year Boone men Poppy Culture Greatly Diminished are more highly qualified for future work, but this reaches the top notch Bishop Bashford writes home: "The so far, and, with any opening he cultivation of the poppy has practically chooses before him, he has decided to ceased in six of the twelve original become a Christian. But he accepts a comparatively low salary at Boone, provinces. Edwin J. Dingle, in a letand promises to teach there for two years.-Spirit of Missions. ter to the Shanghai Times, declares that in a journey of over 2,000 miles How Chinese Behave in Meeting in Yunnan, recently, he saw not more than IOO acres of poppies growing. Rev. E. D. Kellogg writes in the In Kweichow, the sister province of Missionary Herald from Shao-win: Yunnan, the conditions are very simi- lar to these in Kansuh. When Mrs. In these Chinese chapels there is Bashford and I first visited the Szeshown more of the social spirit than chuen province in 1905, we saw about is often found in churches at home. one-third of the arable land devoted The day at the worship hall is looked to the poppy, and were told that from forward to very eagerly by the regu- 60 to 70 per cent. of the men were lar attendants. Most everybody brings using opium-perhaps 25 per cent. of his hymn book, also his New Testa- them to excess-and that from IO to ment, and takes part in the service. IS per cent. of the women were also The worshipers are quite unconven- using the drug. These observations tional in their conduct; they move in a province numbering some 69,000,- around more or less, talk occasionally 000 people, were the most discouraif they so desire, and take such posi- ging facts we have ever seen in the tions on the benches as best suit their empire. But when I passed through bodily comfort. The children move the Szechuen province in I9IO, I travabout quite at will, and are sometimes eled during the same season of the year over all the territory we had

MISSIONARY

covered in a thirty days' trip in 1905, structed all their minor officials to do and traversed considerable additional all they can to strengthen all religions territory, and where we saw one-third among the people. Temples and shrines of the cultivated land devoted to the are to be protected, and valuable lands, poppy five years ago, I did not see a occupied by shrines, which were to single poppy growing." have been taken by the government, are to revert to their old uses and JAPAN the old and new gods are to be honored. The authorities have con- A Half-century of Progreas duded that law without religion is powerless to create and hold men to It is difficult to believe that two high ideals, and therefore the cry is generations ago Japan was even more to be "Back to the gods." Christian completely closed to Western influ- missions will share mental protection, ence than was China. She was then and with the growth of Christian unity under a feudal form of government, there is a better opportunity to make divided into clans. Those of the war- Japan a Christian nation. rior clan, the Samurai, were intensely devoted to their lords and jealous of A Japanese on Korea'. Future other clans. The rights of the common people were greatly restricted. Dr. M. Monda, a former professor One policy was chiefly enforced-ex- in the Imperial University at Tokyo, clusion of the foreigner and of foreign says: "It is well known that the Chriscustoms. No Japanese was permitted tian missionaries in Korea had the to leave the country, and any who positive assurance both of the late escaped were not permitted to return. Prince Ito and the present Governor- Not until 1868 did a revolution make General, Viscount Terauchi, that it is the emperor actual as well as nominal the settled policy of Japan to secure head of the nation. In 1871 the feud- a harmonious cooperation of the spirial lords voluntarily surrendered their tual uplifting of the people and of rule, and, at the advice of a mission- their political reform. Foreign religary, an embassy was sent to Western ions have experienced more or less lands to observe and report. This persecution only when they have intour led to the systematic appropria- terfered or threatened to interfere tion of Western ideals, culminating with the political stability of the nain a constitutional government, pro- tion. So long as the Korean Christians claimed in 1889. Since then Japan try to better their general condition has proved herself; in some respects, through individual regeneration, the the most brilliant nation in the world. Government is sure to protect and She has achieved greater progress in even to encourage them in their faith. one generation than any other coun- The appointment of Japanese Christry has achieved in two, if not in three tians to such important posts as the generations. She has gone to school Supreme Court judgeship and the dito the whole world, and has learned rector-generalship of the Peninsular her lessons with remarkable facility. Government sufficiently testifies to the sincerity of purpose of the Tokyo Anarchism and Religion in Japan authorities. Aside from this' fact, there is, too, an encouraging sign in Among other ideas from the West the moral standard of the Japanese the Japanese have imbibed anarchism, officials in Korea. and after a recent outbreak, 23 persons were executed. Some of the in- A Japanese Methodist of Note telligent Japanese see in these movements toward laxity, a sign of grow- Bishop Moore writes that Rev. Sening immorality and disloyalty. They nosuki Ogata is on his way to Amersee the need of stability and stronger ica. He is "presiding elder of Tokyo and higher religious faith. The Min- District, and Bishop Honda's succesister of Home Affairs and the Minis- sor as president of Aoyama Gakum, ter of Education have, therefore, inour great college in Tokyo. He was as encouraging as ever. "Peace preour first native missionary in Japan, vails throughout the country; moraland for all the years until the recent ity of the Japanese is improving rapidmodification of the imperial law held ly, and their attitude toward the in his own name all our valuable prop- Korean is undergoing a great change. erties in the empire. His diligence Missionaries are being well underand success as a missionary, and his stood, partly due to their good sense fidelity to his great trust were so and partly to the efforts of all officonspicuous that a few good friends cials and Christians. There is no deon this side tendered him a visit to nying that General Terauchi is the this country as an expression of high very man to govern this country, and appreciation. Doctor Ogata's history God is evidently making a good inis very interesting. He was born in strument of him in its bettering." Yedda, now Tokyo, in I854, of parents who were Buddhists, but who also be- The Amazing Growth of Two Years lieved in Shintoism. He was brought up to worship Buddha, and many dei- Two years ago a station was opened ties of Shinto as well. When he was by the Presbyterians in the Chung J u nineteen he came to San Francisco, field, which contains 300,000 people. in 1874, when there were all told not There are already 65 churches and more than a hundred Japanese in this meeting-places, with 272 full memcountry. He had never heard the Gos- bers, 265 catechumens, 9 day-schools pel nor read the Bible. Dr. Otis Gib- with 162 boys and 29 girls attending. son was working among the Chinese The whole church attends Sundayin that city, and was able to interest school, which has 22 classes. The men a few Japanese also, among whom was meet first, then go home and take care Ogata, and to lead them to Christ. Be- of the children while the women go to ing much interested in him, Doctor their classes. Gibson induced him to enter De Pauw University in 1880." Zeal for Bible Study KOREA Rev. Walter C. Erdman wrote re- centlv from Taiku: "There are be- Not a Million, But Every One tweeil 500 and 600 men enrolled, in addition to many who are not taking Following the "million-souls-for- the full course. These men are in Jesus" campaign in Korea a new here for ten days at their own exmovement has been launched at Seoul, pense, bringing their own rice in sacks, with the watchword, "Not only a mil- for the sole purpose of studying the lion souls for Jesus, but the whole Bible. No other attraction is offered land for Jesus." Several hundred spe- or expected. We have begun a period cial workers opened this campaign last of studies covering ten such annual ·October. These were divided into 350 classes. At the close of the class those teams, two in each team, whose work who have studied throughout the enis to go from house to house preach- tire time are given certificates which ing the Gospel and enrolling seekers. entitle them to enter the next higher In three weeks 10,000 were enrolled. class next year. It is expected to make this work cover the land. Gathering the Shea,,ea A Good Report From Korea Rev. W. R. Harrison writes to The Christian Observer: "An itinerary of A former chief clerk in the Bible 21 days through Kangjin and Chang- House at Yokohama, Mr. T. Hasha- hung counties covered 180 miles, 30 na, now holding a responsible position miles by boat, 30 by pony, and 120 on in the Bank of Korea at Seoul, writes foot. There were the itinerator's usual to Rev. Henry Loomis, the American experiences-the buoyant mornings, Bible Society's representative in Ja- the weary evenings, joy over triumpan, that Christian work in Korea is phant faith, sorrow over besetting sins, and the weaknesses of the flesh. tic woman who Christ was and re- Twelve groups were visited and their ceived the reply, "Perhaps the Sultan work reviewed. Sunday-schools were of Turkey." A colporteur asked a organized, officers appointed, appli- Coptic Christian, "Who created you?"

cants examined, and the sacraments "God," was the answer. "Who re- and discipline administered. Of 174 deemed you?" "I don't understand."

applicants 100 were received as cate- "Who saved you from your sins?" "I chumens, 15 were rejected, 26 were have no sins. I am a plain man who retained as catechumens, and 33 were works daytime in the fields and at baptized. Since the annual meeting night returns home. I have never the total examinations are 567, bap- sinned." "But don't you know of tisms, 86." Christ?" "No, He has never been to A Mis.ionary Church our village." The Coptic priests are, as a rule, The church at Syenchun has chosen a missionary of its own, and pays his opponents of the excellent schools of salary and supports him fully, build- the American Presbyterian Missiori. ing his house, etc. This is in addition They threaten young people who go to their own Korean pastor, whose there with excommunication. When salary they fully pay. it was objected that these Protestants were, at least, better than Mohamme- Korean Christian. a. Giver. dans, the reply came: Our Korean Church has been giv- "I don't know. When a dozen dogs are after you, you can't say that one of ing most freely for the support of the them is better than another." Church. These gifts have increased at the rate of 85 per cent. per year for Their worship is a monotonous, the past five years, until last year it hour-long, singsong in Coptic (for 900 gave $88,857. This amount of money years a dead language), with innumfrom them in their poverty is the erable repetitions of the "Kyrie Elei- son." The lighting of candles plays equivalent of our giving $200,087. a great role here, as in the other East- While the church-membership in Ko- ern churches. A German traveler comrea has increased 1,072 per cent. dur- ments on the striking uncleanness of ing the past ten years, our contribu- the priestly garments on which the tions to their evangelization have in- drippings of candles appear with other creased but 120 per cent., and the grease. number of efficient evangelistic missionaries on the field had increased In short, a poor, disordered, cor- rupted remnant of the old church of from six in 1900 to nine in Septem- Egypt, and yet one which has held to ber, 1910. the name of Christ through twelve NORTH AFRICA centuries of persecution. If it would Reform in the Coptic Church but let other more privileged Chris- One of the hopeful signs of the tians help its people!

times in Egypt is that the young Copts What a Moslem Girl Should Know are organizing a Coptic branch of the Misr-EI-Fatat, a Mohammedan pa- British and Foreign Bible Society, and per, gives a dissertation on the kind hope to bring about reforms in wor- of education a girl of Egypt needs.

ship, doctrine and practise. It needs That is a far-reaching admission, as reforming, says the Record of Chris- heretofore it was not considered a tian Work. The Coptic teaching is that Mohammedan woman was at all in infants dying unbaptized are blind in need of learning. Teachers must be the next life. This extraordinary dog- Egyptian or Turkish. Male teachers ma is based on the text, "Except a man must be fifty years old or more. Girls be born from above he can not see the may enter at the age of five and leave kingdom of God." A worker in the at twelve. Arithmetic in its rudiments English Church Mission asked a Cop- is enough of that branch. Geography is unnecessary, for when a woman Pinetouri: "I can scare away the travels she has her husband or other devil without learning Portuguese." male relative with her. They may study or read the biographies of good Tizore N avess : "People could not women only. They must read all the be saved unless God had given a part passages of the Koran pertaining to of Himself." women. They must learn house-work, cooking (Ii la Turc) , washing and Muti Sikobele: "To teach our chilsimilar things. dren that they must learn, we must first learn ourselves."-Christian Ad- EAST AFRICA vocate.

Lepers in GermaD East Afric:a By Motor Car in Uganda During the past years the German Dr. and Mrs. A. R. Cook paid a visit Government has paid especial atten- to Toro in November, traveling most tion to the lepers within the interior of the way by motor! It was not of German East Africa. It has quite so luxurious, however, as it opened several asylums for them, sounds. The vehicle weighed over which were placed under the care· of two tons, and carried half a ton of the Berlin and the Moravian mission- cargo, and its rate of progress when aries. At first the lepers were suspi- everything was working at its best was cious and refused to use the asylums, eight miles an hour. Their adventures but now they throng them, so that the with the motor, the lovely flower-blos- German Government has been forced soms and butterflies, and the wonderto increase their number considerably. ful views of Ruwenzori were all en- Leprosy in German East Africa is' so joyable; but chiefly so were the signs common that five out of every thou- of progress at the mission stations sand inhabitants are lepers, a fearfully passed en route, at Mityana, with its large percentage. flourishing schools, football ground and swimming bath, and the new brick Native Miuionary Aphorisms church rapidly approaching comple- tion, and at Butiti. At Kabarole they Most interesting is it to note how called on King Daudi Kasagama and naively and pointedly some of the were most cordially received by him converts in the East African mission and his noble-hearted Christian wife, at Inhambane speak of Christianity. Damili.-Church Missionary Review. We cull a few sentiments from a printed calendar from that far-away WEST AFRICA country: "A Mosque in Almost Every Street" Fazenda says: "The missionaries have come and they have divided In order to encourage reading themselves to the people." among the African mission agents, Mr. 'vV. J. Payne, assistant manager William Chabela: "I shall work of the Lagos Book-shop, started a for the Lord and keep on digging." small lending-library at Ijebu Ode. He writes: "Islam is making rapid Paulusi Massinga: "0 Lord, make progress in the Jebu country. When us drunk with the Holy Spirit." Christian work was first started there were not Mohammedans there at all, J aketi Kolesi: "Consenting to sin but now they number thousands. The in your heart ? None of that for the muezzin (an official attached to a members of our church." mosque, whose business it is to call 'the faith ful' to prayer) can be heard Jina Mabunda: "0 Lord, I pray in practically every little village; thee that we may soon have stations while in the town of Ijebu Ode itself as close as ten hours to each other." there is a mosque in almost every street. It is, therefore, very neces- JosefaXalufu : "I wish that I had sary that the Christian workers should five hours in which to preach, for I know something about Mohammedanhave much to say."

Paule Xilalelo: "The missionaries have come and they have put clay on our eyes and now we see." ism, and that they should stir up their dren to sing them. One can not but people to more aggressive work among admire the results of his teaching. It the followers of the False Prophet." is an extraordinary sight, that of a -C. M. S. Gazette. king, himself still heathen, who is giv- Confirmations and Baptisms ing Christian religious instruction."

Early this year Bishop Walmsley A Model African Kin~ spent six weeks in visiting the Mis- A Methodist missionary writes from sions of the Sierra Leone Church in Angola: "The Christian village of the Protectorate. Previous to his visit Hombo is a proof of the power of he held several confirmations in and the Gospel. At daybreak every morn- around Freetown as well as in the ing the horn is blown and the people mission districts. The Bishop writes: assemble at the king's house to hear "Perhaps the most interesting con- the Word of God read, and to praise firmation service was at St. John's, and pray. Witchcraft and supersti- Brookfields, where 45 of the Kroo tion have fallen under the power of people, who had been baptized by the Gospel, and the heathen are taking Bishop Elwin, were confirmed. I bap- knowledge of it. The native church tized on Holy Innocents' Day 119 of at Loanda contributes $17 a month the people at St. John's Church. Their for the support of native workers on earnestness seems wonderful. They a native station in the interior of need our prayers that they may have Angola."

a fuller and more capable supply of SOUTH AFRICA teachers, and that they may become New Attitude of Government missionaries along the coast. I met one of them the other day-a fine Rev. F. R. Bunker writes from Na- man, who had met me on my first tal after his first tour of inspection, landing, and he told me he was thank- that the Government's attitude is most ful to have five weeks at home from unprecedented. The superintendent sea that he might help with transla- of education and the government offi- tion work. On the festival of the cials have been extremely cordial, and Epiphany we had a largely attended one inspector writes : "You and I will and most interesting service at the work ih perfect harmony. The future Cathedral, when 25, some Kroos and is our own if we will only work to- some Temnes, were baptized. It is gether. I would like you now to feel hard to conduct a service in three lan- that I wish to be your coworker, one guages."-C. M. S. Gazette. that you can write and speak to just A Royal Mission Helper as it is in your mind. I shall always be prepared to talk over difficulties Vriting from the Gold Coast, Mis- and new schemes with you in the fusionary Schwartz, of the Basle Soci- ture." This man was once opposed to ety, says: "King Njoya might be missionary work. It should be recalled the most influential missionary membered that the Government of of all the interior. He is himself Natal is paying Mr. Bunker's salary, building a great school for his 500 and the hundred or more teachers who pupils. I have been working for a are under him. In short, we have week at making him doors and win- the privilege of conducting Christian dows, and had to make the plan of schools with the truest spiritual mothe building in order that the doors tive while the Natal Government pays and, windows might fit exactly. N j oya the biIls.-American Board Bulletin. is enchanted with his educational pal- After Thirty·six Years ace, and has given me twenty-five logs for our station. He teaches the school In the thirty-six years of its work himself, relates and dictates Bible the one station has grown to be eight.

stories to the children, composes and the native stations, at which edu- Christian hymns and teaches the chil- cational and evang-eIistic operations are carried on, now number 563; while native pastors separately for the same the schools (which are potent means time, after which the two bodies sat of evangelization) have reached the together. The Sunday following was high figure of 661, with over 1,200 missionary day in all the city's teachers and (in 1909) over 58,000 churches, with a missionary massscholars, being about 57 per cent. of meeting in the town hall in the evenall the pupils in the United Free ing. On July 1st and 2nd were held Church mission schools in all her mis- interdenominational evangelistic consion fields. There are eight congre- ventions for natives in six mission stagations with nearly 8,000 communi- tions, each covering a large section and cants, and as many catechumens. In under a different society. Then, in 1909, the adult baptisms numbered Durban, there was a native industrial 1,751. There were over 24,000 pa- exhibit, and the celebration closed on tients treated.-Livingstonia To-day. July 4th, with a public meeting, over which Lord Gladstone, the Governor- A Boer Missionary Training Sehool General, presided. The spirit which the societies and the white and native The Stofberg Missionary Training Christians ·showed toward the event School of the Transvaal Boers sends was hopeful for the fulfilment of the out its students two by two, as the prayers of the leaders, for great spiriseventy were sent out, to preach in tual awakening, for unity in aim and surrounding hamlets and kraals. Some work between native leaders and misof them go to the Johannesburg com- sionaries, and for a greater public inpounds, where 200,000 heathen are terest in the evangelization of the naengaged in gold-mining operations. tives. These blacks stream hither from all parts of South Africa. Men convert- Livingltonia Liberality ed on the compounds return to the remotest regions of Central Africa. As The liberality of the people is steadthe population in the mines changes ily growing. They build all their own constantly there is here an incompara- schools and churches, some of which ble opportunity for evangelizing work. are handsome structures. Most of the miners are raw savages, with combs, feathers, mustard spoons In 1909 the school and medical fees and what not stuck in their hair for and church collections amounted to ornament, and wearing at times such :£790, being more than one-third of the combinations of clothing as loin cloths local expenses of the work carried on. and broken silk hats. Since the mission began, 67,000 copies of the New Testament and Scripture Diamond Jubilee for the Zulu Missions portions have been bought by the peo- ple.-Livingstonia To-day. The seventy-fifth anniversary of the coming of the Gospel to the Zulus AMERICA through the founding of the Zulu Mission of the American Board is cele- I. the Abolition of War at Hand? brated this month. Other European and American societies have since es- The preliminary draft of the protablished work there, but the American posed arbitration treaty has been sub- Board planned the celebration as a mitted not only to Great Britain, but union movement. The Natal Mission- also to France. A great step in adary Conference, representing most of vance is the omission from the treaty the societies at work in the colony, of the exception of "questions of vital opened the proceedings by a three interest and national honor," all disdays' conference at Maritzburg. The putes being hereafter possible subjects leading thought of the gathering was of arbitration. Regular diplomatic cooperation. The white missionaries negotiations are to be used for all met together for two days, and the questions; and if these fail, questions which are clearly arbitrable will go to the Hague Tribunal; and if there is a missions or any organization connectdoubt whether the question should be ed with them. They could really borarbitrated, a commission, consisting of row money on it." the national representative of both countries at the Hague, will consider A Good Year for Missions the matter, and if they decide in favor of arbitration the matter will be ar- The Southern Baptist Society rebitrated. Our country reserves to the ports: "There were 3,618 baptisms United States Senate final decision on for the year, the largest number in the this last point. history of the Board. Thirty new missionaries were sent out. The The World on Tour brother who sent out the ten mis- sionaries agrees to support them for "The World in Boston" outdid its another year. There are now 273 London prototype. The estimated at- missionaries and 521 native helpers. tendance was 375,000, and instead of The nine theological training schools facing a deficjency of $7,500, the Bos- for women have an enrolment of 350, ton management made both ends lap who are being prepared to labor over. Early next autumn the city of among their own people. More than Providence will have a similar exhibit 40,000 patients have received treatof Oriental missions. In March, 1912, ment in our hospitals. The debt of . Cincinnati expects to reproduce the $89,600 is the only depressing feature entire show, as will Chicago in the of the report." following spring. Toronto, Buffalo, Cleveland, . Kansas City and Saint A Large Presbyterian Reenforcement Louis are considering the desirability of adopting "the World." The Mis- A few weeks since the secretaries sionary Exposition Company will have held a session with nearly a hundred general charge in all cities. A. M. about to sail for their fields: 35 for Gardener, the successful manager of China, 16 for India, 13 for Africa, 10 the World in Boston, is general secre- for Persia, 9 for Korea, 5 for the tary, and his capable helpers, H. D. Philippines, 4 for Mexico, 4 for South Cotton and F. W. Harold, retain their America, 2 for Japan, 3 for Laos, 2 important functions on his staff. for Syria, 2 for Guatemala, one for Siam, and some unassigned. Surely A Secular Paper on Mi.sions this is a world-wide assignment. Choice young men and women are In a recent issue of the Boston these; carefully selected and hand- Transcript appeared an editorial upon picked; accepted after long years of the subject of gifts for foreign mis- consecrated effort to make the best sions. It was called forth by the wills preparation possible; coming from of the late Mrs. Worthington, widow Christian homes and Christian colleges of the Bishop of Nebraska, and of and theological seminaries. Miss Sarah Sage, both of whom gave the bulk of their property to organized United Presbyterian Missions charity and missionary work. "When people get ready to die," says the edi- Dr. Watson, the mission secretary, tor, "they really do some prettY'seri- reports: The membership of the ous thinking, even if it is the first time Church in Egypt, India and the Sudan in their lives. They mean to do good is now 35,000, which equals the memwith their money if they can find the bership of the Church in this country right thing to do. Recently the for- west of the Mississippi~ Over 30,000 eign mission field for bequests has students are in the mission schools. seemed to attract many wealthy men In Egypt alone one-sixth of the total and women. Such a preference is de- number of schools recognized by the cidedly flattering. It is a sort of in- British Government and one-tenth of dorsement, a guarantee, and it be- the enrolment of the schools are in comes a splendid asset for foreign the American mission.

The evangelistic work is in charge of 132 missionaries, and the mission In the Nadroga Circuit 800 houses plants have an aggregate value of were blown down or badly damaged, $3,000,000. The medical work is and £30,000 worth of bananas were conducted in six hospitals and 14 dis- destroyed. In Lomaiviti Circuit one pensaries, and last year 200,000 lives of the largest towns had but two were touched by this work. Attention houses standing "after four hours of was called to the increasing spirit of fury," and so the story might be coninquiry among Mohammedans and the tinued. Every place visited by this great evangelistic work of the native destructive blast could tell its own Indian church. In India alone last record of awful wreck and severe priyear 3,101 converts were received on vation. profession of faith, an increase of 14 per cent. OBITUARY NOTES THE OCEAN WORLD Benjamin BroomhaIl, of London Methodism in the South Pacific One of the early friends and co- workers of Rev. J. Hudson Taylor in Says the A ustralasian Methodist the early days of the China Inland Missionary Review for May: "The Mission, Mr. Benjamin Broomhall, following are the latest statistics of has recently fallen asleep (June 5th), our island missions, showing the great at the age of eighty-one. Mr. Broomharvest gathered from that first seed hall was born in 1829, and married a sowing in Tonga in r822: sister of Hudson Taylor. He saw the work of the China Inland Mission de- Churches …………………………. 1,195 velop from the day when there were Other Preaching Places ….•.. …….••• 739 only 38 members, to the time, twenty years later, when there were 630. He IVlissionaries ….•••….•..•……..••..• 37 was general secretary from February, 5 1879, to April, 1895. He made his Lay Missionaries …………………… home in London a rest house for many missionaries, and five members of his lfissionary SiSll:fS …………….•…..• 22 family devoted their lives to mission- ary work. In character and service Native MInisters …………………..• 106 Mr. Broomhall was a true servant of God. Catechists …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Teachers ………………………..•.• 1,294 John B. Sleman, Jr., of Washington Efacs~ll:~~~~:r.s. : ::: :: : :: : :: : :: ::: ::: :: :: ~:m John B. Sleman, Jr., died at Clifton Springs, N. Y., on July I, as a result English Members …… ________ .. __ ….. _ 101 of a nervous breakdown some months ago. Mr. Slemdn was born in Wash- Native Members ……………………. 40,762 ington' D. c., in 1874, and early Native Members on Trial. . . . . .. .. . … .. .• 6,687 showed a warm interest in the many Catechumens ……..•………………. 12,883 plans for social uplift and religious Sunday-schools ………….. _… _. . . . . • • 1,426 work. In r898 he became general secretary of the Washington Young Sunday-school Teachers ……………… 2,826 Men's Christian Association, and in Sunday-school Scholars …………..•… 34,801 eighteen months raised the member- Day Schools………………………. 1,411 ship from 164 to nearly 2,000. He is Day School Teachers _.. .. . .. . .. . .. … .. .• 2,416 widely known as one of the originators Day School Scholars _…… _. __ . ___ . _. _.. 28,915 and promoters of the Laymen's Mis- sionary Movement, about four years Attendants on Public Worship ………… 142,516 ago. He was an earnest, active Chris- tian worker, and his loss will be keenly These figures do not include those felt. of the Methodist Church in Tonga, which is an independent District of the Methodist Church.

A Hurricane in Fiji On the night of March 24 and the day following a devastating hurricane smote a large portion of Fiji, destroying houses, churches and food plantations, and consequently the work in the parts affected has been hindered and disturbed in all its departments. It was with great difficulty and expense that the institutions at Davuilevu were kept going, the whole of their food plantations having been destroyed. In the Rewa Circuit 77 churches were wrecked, and 83 teachers' houses were "blown to ribbons."

THE MISSIONARY

A CHINESE ApPEAL TO CHRISTENDOM CON- alistic propaganda as it is being fur- CERNING CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. By Lin thered in the Far East by the associa- Shao-yang. 8vo. $2.50, net. G. P. tion's periodical, Junri, "Rationalist," Putnam's Sons. New York and Lon- and by the heated streams of quesdon. 1911. tionable "facts" found in the columns As "Letters from a Chinese Of- of a number of Japan's English and ficial," which created so great a sen- vernacular journals, one can well un- sation six years ago, proved to be derstand that a twofold objective is written by an English anti-missionary being served by the volume, that of pen, the authorship of. the present vol- discrediting the missionary enterprise ume is naturally questlOned. Its fault- at home, while at the same time fur- less English, without a suspicion .of nishing New China and New Japan Chinese idiom or mode of thought, Its with an enticing arsenal of anti-Chris- breadth of view, the author's familiar- tian and anti-missionary ammunition.

ity with certain special lines of West- Two b(ites noire receiving marked ern literature, the wide range of gen- attention are the policy of the China eralliterature in more than one tongue, Inland Mission, and at the other that is quoted from, and other less pole, the Hankow Christian University important items militate against its scheme-both of them exceptional va- purported Chinese authorship. So rieties of service which can be easily many other marks of verisimiltude are justified before the public, and yet noted by American Chinese students both of them far from representative that despite the internal evidences of the main work of Christian mis- just' named, they feel certain that it is sions in China. Other items of criti- the product of one of their own nation- cism are either the usual points of ra- ality having the same surname as that tionalistic attack, such as emotional found on the title page; and they con- religion, Christian demonDlogy, hell fidently locate his residence in a promi- and the damnation of the heathen- nent European legation, and point to strange to' say, the authDr does not articles of his having a similar trend. object personally to the word heathen The prevalent view in China itself -prayer, faith, and science, and "Re- would seem to be voiced by the editor ligion, Magic and Word Spells," or of the Shanghai Times, who says: else matters which are growingly dis': "Mr. Lin Shao-yang is undoubtedly cust by the missionaries themselves.

some foreigner who has lived for a The latter class of topics includes ques- number of years in China, or who tions affecting the missionary's atti- has been intimately associated with tude toward the native religions, Chinese interests in England, but he is sometimes verging upon Christian in- not Chinese. The attempts to bolster tolerance and often displaying absolute up the arguments .of the book by r~p­ lack of tact, the relation of mission- resenting them to Issue from the mmd aries to the magistrates when re- of an intelligent Chinese reflects little ligious persecutions arise, the difficult credit upon the Rationalist press." problem of Sunday observance, and The point of view of the writer is the introduction of certain elements made evident by the fact that the of Occidental belief and expression English edition bears upon its title- which are not likely to become page the name of the Rationalist Press naturalized. Mr. "Lin" says on Association as its sponsor, while the this last point: "Offer an alien race American publishers print as a sort the boon of a great ideal, and if the of note of triumph upon its enclosing boon is accepted at all, you need have wrapper, "It is a brilliant arraign- no fear but that its new possessors ment of the illogical attitude of the wiIl give it fitting expression in terms Church in trying to force upon the of their own religious or artistic in- East beliefs which the Christian world stincts. Let China have a share of has outgrown." When one recalls the Christ if you will, but let the Chinese special campaign of this same Ration- construct their own Christology."

It should be further said that the ity. Missionaries will go to the most author writes in a way to give as little inaccessible places, will brave danger- offense as possible to the reader, even ous climates and savage men, but they going so far as to laud the work of find it impossible, except by patient missionaries and to commend the mod- waiting and )Jrayer. to enter fields ern views prevalent in some quarters where strong governments refuse per- to-day. Indeed, an English reviewer mission to enter.

regards the volume as a presentation The strategic importance of some of modernism in its relation to Chi- of these fields is shown by Dr. Zwe- nese miSSions. There is much food mer, and the "Glory of the Impossible"

for thought in some of the positions is held up as an inspiring achieve- taken, and it reveals to the Christian ment.

public in a very vivid way the objec- The book is full of natural informa- tions which Christianity has to meet tion, interest and inspiration. It makes in newly awakened nations. If read an ideal text-book for young people's by a well-balanced, fully-informed man, classes.

it can do the cause no harm; as read and quoted by those with antipathies STUDIES IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF SOUTH for Christian missions, it will occasion much loss of what little interest they AFRICA. By G. B. A. Gerdener. 12mo. 212 pp. 2s. 6d. Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1911.

may have previously felt. South Africa is sometimes counted THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FrELDS OF AFRICA a Christian Idnd, and there are many AND ASIA. By Rev. S. M. Zwemer, professing Christians there among the D.D., F.R.G.S. Maps and illustrations. British and Boers, but there is still 8vo. 260 pp. $1.25. Student Volun- there an immense unfinished taskteer Movement, New York, 1911. and a difficult one. The South Afri- This volume, like the latest book by can missionary situation presents com- John R. Mott, is the outcome of plex problems, and even students of studies connected with the report of missions do not generally understand Commission Number One of the Edin- the difficulties that this field presents.

burgh Missionary Conference. Dr. Some of these come from the pres- Zwemer gives us the result of careful ence of the Briton and politcal prob- study and wide correspondence. The lems, others come from the presence hearts of two continents are still prac- of the Boer and social problems, others tically unoccupied by messengers of come from the Africans themselves the Gospel. Indeed, the same thing is (native and foreign), and the religious true of a third continent, for the cen- problems, while still others come from ter of South America is also in dark- the presence of foreigners in general, ness. Dr. Zwemer describes the con- and commercial problems.

ditions in the great unoccupied fields Mr. Gerdener, who is an able, wide- like Siberia, Mongolia, Turkestan, awake writer, is the general secretary Tibet, Afghanistan, the Sudan, North- of the Students' Christian Association ern Nigeria, Abyssinia, and Arabia. of South Africa. He gives us a c1ear- He then takes up the smaller fields, cut view of the situation, and seeks to like Malaysia, Vvestern Sumatra, the stimulate further systematic study. The Barbary States, and parts of India, Edinburgh Conference declared that China and Central Africa. the "crucial question is simply whether The reasons why these fields are still the missionary bodies at work in South unoccupied are manifold-physical re- Africa will readjust their operations moteness, political opposition, religious so as to secure an effective occupation barriers, climatic conditions, and sav- of the whole field." The question is age hostility. The greatest, most in- how to make the occupation effective.

surmountable obstacles are, however, Mr. Gerdener first considers the those imposed by men whose political question of the native and his need of or religious poltcv noposes Olristian- evangelization, then the present state

of ferment in South Africa, and the WITH CHRIST IN RUSSIA. By Robert S Ethiopian movement; he discusses the Latimer. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25. Hod: status of the natives, legally and spiri- der & Stoughton, New York and Lontually, and shows what is needed to don, 1911. finish the task of evangelization. The book is well worth careful study. The work here described is, for the most part, that conducted by Rev. ASPECTS OF ISLAM. By Duncan B. Mac- Wm. Feder, of St. Petersburg. It is an Donald, D.D. 12mo. 375 pp. $1.50, example of what one consecrated serv- net. The Macmillan Co., 1911. ant of God can do and is doing. Mr. Latimer visited Russia recently, and The author of this new study of Is- saw fur himself the conditions and scenes which he here pictures. He lam is professor of Semitic Languages corroborates the testimony of John R. Matt, that Russia is passing through in Hartford Theological Seminary, a great religious as well as political and social crisis, and there is an unand has written several other volumes usual and wide-spread opportunity to reach students, especially with the in Moslem theology, law and religion. GospeL The story that Mr. Lah.ner tells is out of the ordinary, and is well The present volume consists of the told, with enthusiasm and interesting detail. The style is conversational. Lamson lectures for 1909. They pre- The facts given wilI open the eyes of many who think that evangelical sent the subject in an elementary Christian work is impossible in the land of the Czar. There are many rather than in a scientific way, and centers 6f Christian activity, and many Protestant Christians in all classes of are of especial interest and value to society-Baptist, Methodist, and Epis- copalians. The obstades placed in the those who plan to work in Moslem way of evangelical work are many and great, but they by no means prove lands. disheartening or insurmountable.

The subjects considered in this ele- Mr. Latimer has given us the best, and almost the only account of presmentary volume include the Moslem ent-day missionary work in Russia.

lands, Mohammed himself, the Koran, JOHN G. PATON, D.D. Later Years and Farewell. By A. K. Langridge, and Moslem theology and mystical life, the his son, Frank H. L. Paton. 111us- trated. 12mo. 286 pp. $1.25. Hodattitude of Moslems toward Christ der & Stoughton, London and New York. and the Scriptures, Christian missions Those who have followed the thrillto Moslems, etc. Dr. MacDonald ing career of the Late John G. Paton, pioneer missionary to the New Hebseems to deal with his subject fairly rides, will be interested in these clos- ing chapters of his life. They have and to judge Mohammed fairly and not, however, much of peculiar interest and value. Dr. Paton's active aggresgive full credit to the value of the sive work stept at about the time of his visit to the Ecumenical Confer- Koran. The book is of interest to stu- ence in New York in 1900. These chap- ters tell of Dr. Paton's visit to AmertdiecnaltspoufrpIoslsaemaJnbduvt iittalhafsorncoet the prac- ica in the interests of the suppression contained of the Kanaka slave traffic, and of the liquor traffic in the New Hebrides. in some of the writings by Dr. Zwe- mer and others.

GOD'S PLAN FOR THE WORLD'S REDEMPTION. By Charles R. Watson. 12mo. 225 pp. $1.00. Board of Foreign Mis- sions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, Philadel- phia, 1911.

The real basis for missionary education, the missionary motive and missionary endeavor is the Word of God. Dr. Vatson gives us here a hand book, the aim of which is to give the missionary message of the Bible. There are many others with a similar purpose, but none more simple and forceful, more convincing and progressive. We wish that every Christian would digest the contents of these studies. Then there would be no more difficulty as to men and money for missions.

He afterward revisited his island MISSIONARY HEROES OF THE LUTHERAN mission field, journeyed round the CHURCH. Edited by L. B. Wolf, D.D. world again at the age of 76, and finally Illustrated, lZmo, 246 pp. 75 cents. passed to his reward from Australia Lutheran Publication Society, Phila- delphia, 1911.

on January 28, 1907, at the age of 84. FIVE REASONS WHY. By Brewer Eddy. He was strenuous in his activities to (Envelop Series.) April, 1911. Amerithe end, and a month before his death can Board of Commissioners for Forhad engaged in deputation work, driv- eign Missions, Boston, Mass. ing many miles, and often not going to bed until I or 2 A.M. Dr. Paton was FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH an apostle, indeed; his life was full of AMERICA. Report of Eighteenth Conblessing, and even this account of the ference of Foreign Missions Boards, last decade, is full of inspiration. United States and Canada. 1911. 25 cents. Foreign Missions Library, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

NEW BOOKS THE WORLD ATLAS OF CHRISTIAN MIS- SIONS. Edited by Harlan P. Beach, AMONG THE TRIBES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA. James S. Dennis, and Charles H. Fahs. By Samuel RClarke. Illustrated, Quarto. $4.00. Student Volunteer 1Zmo, 315 pp. 3s. 6d., net. China In- Missionary Movement, 1911. land Mission, London and Philadel- phia, 1911. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN BURMA. By Rev. W. C. B. Purser. lZmo. 2s., net. S. GLEANINGS FROM FIFTY YEARS IN CHINA. P. G., London, 1911. By the late Archibald Little. $2.50, STRANGE SIBERIA. By Marcus L. Taft. net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadel- 16mo, Z59 pp. $1.00, net. Eaton & Mains, 1911. phia, 1911.

LION AND DRAGON IN NORTHERN CHINA. VIEWS OF HARBIN AND THE PLAGUE EPI- DEMIC. Commercial Press, Ltd., By R. F. Johnston. l11ustrated. $5.00. Shanghai, 1911. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 1911.

STUDIES IN CHINESE RELIGION. By E. H. WILLIAM SCOTT AMENT. By Henry D. Port~r, M.D. 8vo, 377 pp. $1.50, net. Parker. Illustrated. $3.00. E. p. Flemmg H. Revell Co., 1911.

Dutton & Co., New York, 1911.

CHILDREN OF EGYPT. By L. Crowther. MEXICO AND OUR MISSION. By James G. Illustrated, 12mo, 96 pp. Is. 6d., net. Dale. lZmo, 272 pp. $1.25. Sowers Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, Edin- Printing Co., Lebanon, Pa., 1911. burgh, 1911. THEORY AND PRACTISE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. NEGRO LIFE IN THE SOUTH. By W. D. Weatherford. Student Volunteer By James M. Buckley. 12mo, 151 pp. Movement, New York. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, 1911.

IN THE SHADOW OF THE DRUM TOWER. By THE GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY CONCERT. Laura DeLany Garst. Illustrated, 16mo, 136 pp. 50 cents. Foreign Chris- By John F. Goucher. 12mo, Z02 PP.. tian Missionary Society, Cincinnati, 151 pp. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, 0., 1911. 1911.

THE ROMANCE OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE. By IN A FAR COUNTRY (INDIA). By H. B. John T. Faris. Illustrated, 16mo, 63 Gunn.. lZmo, 244 pp. $1.00, net. pp. 25 cents, net. Presbyterian Board Amencan Baptist Publication Society, of Publication, Philadelphia, 1911. 1911.

CAN THE WORLD BE WON FOR CHRIST? By CONSER':ATION OF NATIONAL IDEALS. By Norman MacLean. Zs. 6d., net. Hod- various 'authors. lZmo, 187 pp. 50 der & Stoughton, London, 1911. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. INDIAN UNREST. By Valentine ChiroI. 5s., net. Macmillan & Co., London and BAPTISTS MOBILIZED FOR MISSIONS. By A. New York, 1911. L. Va}!. lZmo, 176 pp. 75 cents, net. THE AWAKENING OF INDIA. By J. Ramsay Macdonald. 55. Hodder & Stough- Amencan Baptist Publication Society ton, London, 1911. 1911. '

THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. A Brief Com- THE GALMC GATHERERS. The Gospel parative Study of Christianity and N on-Christian Religions. By Robert Among the Highlanders. By E. O. E. Speer. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. Guerrant. 12mo, 220 pp. Onward 50 cents, net. M. H. Leavis, West Press, Richmond, Va., 1911. Medford, Mass., 1911. REPORT OF THE YORK (FRIENDS') CONFER- ENCE. 12mo, 268 pp. Is. 3d., net.

Friends' Foreign Mission Association ' London, 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1908

CATHEDRAL, BRITISH EAST

This beautiful cathedral was erected by public subscription in memory of Bishop James Hannington, Bishop H. P. Parker and Rev. Henry vVright-all of the Church Missionary Society of England~

of the World VOL. XXXI. No. 6 JUNE, 1908 VOL. XXI. No.6 Old Series New &ries Published by Funk &; WagnaUs Company, ""-60 E. 23d St., N.Y. Isaac K. Funk, Pres., A. W. Wagnalls, Vice-Pres. and Treas" Robt. Scott, See'y SIGNS OF THE TIMES A GREAT MEN'S MEETING ary addresses; (2) that all the ad- dresses were given by laymen-none When Christian laymen take hold of whose business in life is usually cona work it usually goes and goes for- sidered preaching the Gospel but men ward. This was the case with a great who are most prominently known in Men's Foreign Missionary Meeting business and political and literary cirwhich packed Carnegie Hall, New cles; (3) that the dominant note was York, on the evening of April 20th, one of unity in the great campaign. with a throng of men over 3,CXXl When the Christian laymen have their strong. No women were allowed ex- way, the minor denominational theocept in the boxes. The music was led logical distinctions will be overlooked by Mr. Charles Alexander and ad- and the great essential unifying feadresses were made by Hon. Charles H. tures of the Gospel will control the Taft, "Secretary of War and Am- Church of Christ. bassador of Peace," by Mr. John R. Mott, who presided, Mr. J. Campbell MEN IN Tl'IE SOUTHLAND White, Secretary of the !–aymen's Movement, Mr. Silas McBee, editor of Another large missionary conven- The Churchman, and Hon. S. B. tion, of laymen of the Methodist Capen, president of the American Church, was held at Chattanooga, Ten- Board of Commissioners for Foreign nessee, on April 21st and 22d. Hun- Missions. Secretary Taft spoke dreds of business and professional men strongly, even enthusiastically of his came together, many of them traveling conversion to the need and value of hundreds of miles to consider the Christian missionary work as a civili- King's business. One of the most nozing agency. He spoke from observa- table addresses was that of the British tion and experience and declared that Ambassador, Han. James Bryce. It is it was time for men to "wake up" to significant that public men, like Presithe fact that "Christianity and its dent Roosevelt, Taft, Bryan and Bryce, spread are the only basis for our hope are giving their unqualified support to of modern civilization." a cause which a century ago was de- spised and rejected in public circles as The great significance of the meet- a fanatical plan of religious enthuing came from the following facts: siasts. ( I) that a great company of menmostly busy laymen-should gather to Ambassador Bryce spoke as a Chrislisten for over two hours to mission- tian statesman who recognizes the duty of preaching the Gospel to every creature, both because of our Lord's com- The plan of this united campaign is mand and because of the obligations wotthy of adoption elsewhere. It preresting on favored races. Like Secre- vents overlapping and competition. tary Taft, Mr. Bryce emphasized the Surely the power of God is evident in need for Christian men' to counteract this awakening of the laymen to a the evil example and corrupting in- deeper sense of their responsibility for fluence of non-Christian traders and world-wide evangelism. travelers. He emphasized the duty of governments to put a stop to the un- MORE VOLUNTEERS WANTED righteous and harmful dealings of men of civilized lands with the natives of The increasing opportunities for less enlightened nations. Let the gov- Christian work in the mission fields ernments enforce the laws of right- due to the material and spiritual eousness while the missionaries preach awakening of the East is leading our the Gospel of peace and holiness. mission boards to call insistently for 196 new recruits. The candidate sec- MEN ON THE PACIFIC COAST retary of the Student Volunteer Move- ment has recently sent out a list of im- In the West also men are taking up portant posts that should be filled the campaign. On the Pacific Coast, immediately by competent men and the district secretaries of all the for- women. This list calls for 81 ordained eign missionary boards recently united men, 26 men teachers, 21 physicians, in a campaign, under the auspices of one superintendent of building operathe Laymen's Missionary lVIovement, tions, and one Sunday-school organand conducted meetings in Spokane, izer; also 22 women Bible teachers, 21 Seattle, Portland, Oakland, Los An- school-teachers, 9 women physicians, geles, and San Diego. Denominational rallies were held in each city and 5 nurses, 6 kindergarteners and'2 muunited meetings were aclclrest by the General Secretary of the Laymen's sic teachers. Almost every board and Movement and by one of the members every fielel joins in this appeal to of the Laymen's Commission to the Christians who are r(''l.dy and able to foreign field. hear and heed the great command of our Lord to His Church. We will Among the results reported are that never cease playing at missions and whereas last year the gifts (for relig- go to work in good earnest until we ious work in America) of 112,000 have the heart conviction, as :11 r. Wilchurch members in these cities, liam T. Ellis has well said, f1at "It amounted to $2,492,500 and only is the business of the whole church to $116,000 was given to work in the re- give the whole Gospel to the whole mainder of God's world, the men de- world." cided to make a strenuous effort to increase these foreign missionary gifts MORE GOOD STEWARDS WANTED to $47°,000, or fourfold. Many individuals and churches are voting to The call for more men necessarily devote at least one-fourth of their involves the call for more funds to benevolent offerings to foreign mission support them in their work. In spite of the fact that the women are awake work. and the men of the Church are wak- ing up to their responsibility and more money is being given to-day for for-

SIGN:S OF THE TIMES 40

eign missions than ever before, it is and Victoria aggregate nearly 1,000 a sad fact that 1110St of the mission miles in length, so that only the difboards are this year facing heavy de- ficult stretches of the Upper Nile reficits which threaten to cripple their main to be conquered. If those who work. love the Gospel perform their part, not so very difficult, then this will not be It is easier to point out the cause known much longer as the Dark Conthan to find and administer the rem- tinent, for "Ethiopia shall stretch out edy. The Laymen's Movement and her hands unto God," and the light other advance work have increased will drive out the darkness. more largely the gifts to special funds than to the general work. The de- "Many wonderful things have almands on the treasury have been ready come to pass in these first hours heavier than ever before, due to a ne- of God's day for Africa," says Bishop cessity for increasing some salaries of Hartzell. "Exploration has done its missionaries and for keeping pace with principal work as to the main features the growing demands of the work. The of the continent, and now the details financial crisis has also prevented some are being rapidly completed. Medical generous givers from contributing as sciense is mastering the causes and largely as usual. There is money remedies of malarial diseases. Every enough in the hands of Christians for phase of industrial activity is advancall the requirements of the work at ing rapidly. International diplomacy home and abroad, what is needed is has practically completed the blocking that our Lord's trust funds be more out of continental colonial empires. faithfully expended. Too many of us The native blacks are being tested as are laying up all our treasures on linguists, teachers, men of business, earth; the only life and the only laborers, and Christians, and are provwealth that is safe is that which IS ing that they have great capabilities invested in the King's business. for success when properly understood and assisted. Christian missions are ACHIEVEMENTS IN AFRICA everywhere being recognized as pow- erful, permanent, and necessary fac- Within the limits of this huge con- tors in the uplift of the people. Martinent already no less than 7,000 miles velous results in so brief a time! Still, of railway are in operation. Next 'to in the presence of what remains to be the explorations of Livingstone and clone, they are only the first rays in Stanley, the famous Cape to Cairo the eastern sky, heralding the coming scheme of Cecil Rhodes may be day." ranked in importance among achievements which make the Dark Conti- ABYSSINIA OPENED TO THE GOSPEL nent easily accessible to the missionaries of Christ. The telegraph is al- This lancl with its 150,000 square ready in operation from Cape Town miles, and 3,500,000 inhabitants, has to Alexandria, and nearly half the dis- hitherto ranked with Tibet and Aftance is spanned by iron rails and lines ghanistan as inaccessible to all messenof steamers, including a steel bridge gers of Christ. Now according to reacross the Zambesi at Victoria Falls. cent reports King Menelek, who seems The three lakes, Nyasa, Tanganyika, to be possest of not a few excellent

qualities of both mind and heart, has very under any name and that the partially opened the doors. For some more civilized governments joined years a Swedish missionary society has hands to put an end to the abuses been watching and waiting upon the brought about 'by men's greed for northern border, scattering also cop- gold. ies of the Bible. When one of these was presented to the king with the re- SIGNS OF A REVIVAL IN EGYPT quest that their introduction be forbidden, he replied: "I have read these Encouraging reports come from the books and they are good; let the peo- American United Presbyterian mission ple read them too." An order has in Middle Egypt where the Spirit of also been issued that all children above the Lord has been manifest in love seven years of age shall go to school, and in power. The attitude of the nacoupled with the promise to pay the tive workers is in delightful contrast salaries of any competent teachers with that of a few years ago. whom the missionaries may supply. During last year I26 were added to SLAVERY UNDER PORTUGUESE to the church at Menhari and within the past few months many other Not only in the Kongo State are churches have been richly blest. men and women held in practical sla- Last summer Dr. Watson visited the very by the king of Belgium-in spite Island of Sharona and 42 new memof international law-but in the col- bers were received into the church onies of Portugal on the West Africa and more were admitted later. In coast barbarous systems prevail-sla- another neighboring town on the very of the worst kind under the name banks of the Nile, 37 new memof "indentured labor." General F. bers cqnfest their faith in Christ Joubert-Pienaar, who served in the and eight backsliders were restored to Boer war, says that the Portuguese gov- church fellowship. Fourteen others ernment imports thousands of slaves have been admitted, and since then 30 every year to its coco plantations to more are being instructed more fully take the place of those who die from in regard to the duties and privileges fever. The slaves are secured through of Christians. Similar reports come native chiefs and the contract is a farce from many stations. of which the poor Africans understand nothing. They are cruelly treated, and Not only does the spiritual life manas most of them die before their so- ifest itself in the number added to called contract expires, no wages are the church, but also in the desire for paid. Husbands are taken from their pastors and evangelistic workers. Anfamilies and children are tom from other manifestation of spiritual life is their mothers with unspeakable inhu- the effort put forth to obtain pastors. manity. General Joubert-Pienaar himself lost most of his property and was AN AWAKENING IN MANCHURIA driven from the colony because of his opposition to this cruel traffic and its Liao-Yang, one of the. stations of attendant evils. It is time that inter- the United Free Church of Scotland, national law ceased to recognize sla- has been greatly stirred by a spiritual awakening which is directly traceable to the revival in Korea. One of the missionaries who had visited Korea, held a series of services for Christians

OF THE

in February. Special prayer-meetings was appointed on ways and means of were held for months previous in promoting the ideal set forth by the Liao-Yang and many surrounding conference. out-stations and when Mr. Goforth of Hunan began his meetings the people It is worthy of note that the only were in a receptive spirit. After a apprehension exprest was lest some prayer by Chang, one of the native denominational boards in the home elders who had been to Korea, the countries should obstruct the movewhole congregation was greatly stirred ment, as has happened in former inand broke forth into weeping and stances. In educational work union is praying. Day after day three or four already accomplished; one printing hundred came together. Many made establishment serves all the missionconfession of sin and were filled with aries; a union hymnal has been in use the Spirit of God. The missionaries for years. Now a union university write of it as a very sacred, awe-in- is planned, land for which has been sespiring time and yet joy-bearing for cured at Chentu, and contributions all. One exclaims: "How easily the have been and are being made for the wheels go round when God's Spirit missionary colleges included in it. Will moves the machinery." Christians at home follow this lead toward world-wide Christian unity? In Mukden a similar blessed revival was experienced, not by human might SELF.SUPPORT IN JAPAN or power, but by the Spirit of God. Ezekiel'3 vision of the valley of dry The Japanese are forging ahead bones was actualized in the spiritual toward the ideals of self-government, resurrection of many. Churches full, self-support, and self-extension. Two confessions sincere, generosity, service more Presbyterian churches have reincreasing, righteousness, love. cently become independent. One in Otaru has in this way celebrated its ONE CHURCH FOR WEST CHINA fifteenth anniversary. The Lebanon Church in Tokyo has also become In Chentu, a large city about 700 self-supporting and sends a letter of miles west from Shanghai, China, a thanks to the Presbyterian Board for missionary conference was held last its past aid. January, at which the unanimous resolve was made that "This Confer- The year 1907 in Japan showed a ence adopts as its ideal one Protestant remarkable development of the evan- Christian Church for West China." gelistic spirit. Millions have as yet This was agreed to by a hundred and never heard of Christ but everywhere fifty missionaries, representing nine the evangelists go, crowds gather to different societies at work in that pop- hear them. At Kokawa, recently, ulous region of 60,000,000 people. twelve hundred gathered and listened They also made a practical beginning to nine speakers who held forth from by resolving that their various six to eleven-thirty in the evening. churches should receive each other's members by transfer. Episcopalians, C0NDITIONS IN PERSIA Friends, Baptists, and Methodists readily agreed to this. A standing From time to time disturbing recommittee of two from each mission ports come of the turbulent state of things in Persia. Russians are said to be massing troops on the northern

boundary and on the western border settle in the different countries of the the Turks are making raids, mu;-der- western world, stay clannishly toing whole villages. Even Urumia is gether, and make energetic efforts to threatened. The government is unsta- propagate their doctrines. The numble and the blossoming promise of re- ber of converts to Mohammedanism in ligious and civil liberty seems to be England is said to be quite large, six blighted for the present. In the laws hundred of them living in Liverpool of the new constitution, Islam is de- alone. Among the Mohammedans of clared to be the religion of the realm English birth are Lord Stanley of and nothing opposed to it is to be tol- Alclerley, Mr. Cardinson from Scoterated. It is a time to pray for Per- land, the well-known lawyer Le Mesia and the heroic missionaries work- surier, the great pianist Miss Delbaste, ing there. the painter Miss L. A. Chiffner, and Lawyer Quilliam, who is the head of Six years ago the first 2'.Iohamme- the Mohammedan congregations in dan boy was admitted to the Presby- Eng'and. The man who is planning terian mission school in Teheran. The and pushing the campaign in behalf number grew until in I906, I28 of the of l'vLohammedanism in Britain is Mo- 230 students were Moslems. Last hammed Abdullah al Mamum Suhrayear most of these Mohammedan pu- warcly, a native of East India and an pils left the school because they able lawyer in London. wanted a voice in the management of the school. Later they asked to be In Australia and in America, Motaken back but none of the leaders hammedanism is said to be gaining were pennitted to return. A rival ground also and mosques are to be school was founded with the help of built in New York and Adelaide. In the government but was soon aban- Germany Mohammed Adil Schmitz du doned on account of the continual Moulin, a native of Rhenish Prussia, discord that prevailed. The mission preaches Mohammed's doctrines. He school has not suffered from the with- was a mining engineer in Kalembang drawal of those excluded as it is rec- upon Sumatra for many years, was ognized as "the only school in there converted to Mohammedanism Teheran worthy of the name." Awak- and married a Malay-Chinese wife. ened Persia is demanding a better ed- He is a ready writer and speaker and ucation. Better educated Persia will therefore exerts considerable influence. demand a better government. Better governed Persia will make it possible Thus Mohammec1anism is not satisfor the people to choose to follow a fied with its propaganda among the better religion than that of the false heathen of Asia and Africa, but knocks Prophet. impudently at our own doors and se- cretly gains recruits from among those MOHAMMEDANISM IN THE WEST who have never been willing to yield to the claims of Christ. According to a writer in a German magazine, "Ueber Land und l'lfeer," PROGRESS IN NEW GUINEA Mohammedanism is spreading in the Occident. It is stated that large num- The spirit of inquiry among the bers of followers of the false prophet Papuas, which was so manifest last year is continuing and the number of

believers in Christ is rapidly increas- priests and intelligent members of the ing. The number of baptisms reported State Church are desirous of a wider is much larger than in previous years liberty of thought, expression, and and the laborers feel greatly encour- practise. Opportunities are mUltiply- aged. In Siar IS heathen were bap- ing for bringing to the attention of tized a short time ago by a missionary the subjects of Russia the truths of of the Rhenish Missionary Society evangelical Christianity.

who had purposely waited a long time Large numbers in Russia, who are before he admitted these earnest in- not members of the Orthodox Church, quirers into the church. The mission- are already evangelical Christians at aries of the Neuen-Dettelsau Mission- heart, and among these much can be ary Society reported 253 baptisms of done.

heathen Papuas during the past few The evangelical Christians in Rus- months and a large number of men sia, of all denominations and of no and women applicants for baptism. A denomination, are attempting to or- new station in the Kela district opened ganize for more united and aggressive by the Neuen-Dettelsau missionaries work. While the first attempt, made a short time ago attracts audiences of last summer, was not wholly success- from two to four hundred heathen on ful, something was accomplished. The the Lord's day, altho there is no build- work of the Young Men's Christian ing yet erected and the hearers are Association has become a well-recog- exposed to the hot sun or to the dis- nized organization in St. Petersburg, agreeable rain. In this way the en- commanding the confidence and coop- couragement which began to come to eration of a large number of able lead- the faithful missionaries upon New ers. The Bible, through the British Guinea a year ago, continues. and Foreign Bible Society, is given THE SITUATION IN RUSSIA free circulation throughout the coun- Religious liberty in the Russian em- try, and all duly accredited colporteurs pire has dawned, even tho the mani- of that society are looked upon and festo of the emperor has not been treated as a privileged class.

formulated into law and local officials The Russian Evangelical Alliance, are still in doubt as to the extent of with a charter for carrying on every freedom. The fact remams, says form of evangelistic, charitable, pub- Dr. Barton of the American Board, lication, and educational work, was re- that in widely separated parts of the cently reorganized at St. Petersburg, empire there is a far greater degree with provisions for opening branches of liberty of worship granted to-day in other parts of the empire.

than was given three or four years The Methodist Episcopal Church ago. The censorship of the press has has opened work in St. Petersburg been abandoned, altho the government and the Baptists of Russia have started is ready to bring charges through the a theological school in Lodz for which civil or criminal courts against any Baron Uxkull is raising money.

who publish matter regarded as detri- There are now twelve students but mental to the administration of na- in the summer a second class with tional affairs. There are also many about twenty is expected. The stu- indications that a. large number of dents are eager to learn and are mak-

ing rapid progress in the knowledge because they have apparently expected revof the Bible. As Russia is a conglom- olution, which would not only be unnatural eration of various nations, many of the students are of German descent; two but undesirable. The Porto Rico of IB98 are Russians, one Estonian (a Mongolian tribe), and some Lettish; and was essentially a part of Europe. They one is a Cossack. At the Sunday were dissatisfied with Spanish rule-or evangelistic services the hall can misrule-and received the American solscarcely accommodate all the hearers. diers with a hearty welcome as their There have already been several con- deliverers. versions including that of a soldier. Ten years ago, when the American RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN FRANCE flag went up, there were six hundred awl sixty thousand people over ten years of Mr. Soltau, now at the head of the age, not one in five of whom could read McAll Mission, in speaking of the and write his own language. After four state of religion in France, calls at- hundred years of Spanish rule, the pertention to the fact that it has a popu- centage of illiteracy was greater th:m lation of thirty-nine millions, of whom in any state in the Union; greater even not more than 650,000 are Protestants. than that of any other island in the West Allowing for Jews and other non- Indies. Only six per cent of the children Christian sects, there remain about of school age were in schools, which thirty-eight million nominal Roman were in every way inferior to the average Catholics; but the priests confess that public school in the United States. not more than four millions can be said to be following their teachings. At present there is not a town of any The people are drifting away from all size on the island without its school belief in the Church, and from the con- building provided with thoroughly modern trol of the priests. A religious census equipment and taught by American or comin the Department of the Seine and petent Porto Rican teachers. In addition Marne revealed the fact that less than there are well-ordered high schools in the two and one-half per cent attended three large cities on the island and an Inmass. In villages of 500 inhabitants, not sular Normal School where more than a more than ten attended mass. France is hundred young men and women are prenow open to the simple Gospel of paring to become teachers. Christ. It is what the people need. Another change is :n the Porto Rican CONDITIONS IN PORTO RICO home. In 1900 more than half as many men and women were living together by Dr. E. Raymond Hildreth, of San mutual consent as were legally married Juan, writes that there are many un- because most could not pay the priests' mistakable signs of progress in Porto wedding fees. With the coming of Protes- Rico. He says: tant missionaries and teachings, hundreds of these have been united in marriage, The one word which best expresses the and are learning the significance and advancement is-evolution; and the reason sacredness of the Christian home. why many Americans have made harsh criticisms about conditions here has been But without personal religion, educa- tion, self-government and mat~rial pros- perity will never suffice to transform Porto Rico into a self-governing State. Following the soldiers have come the Protestant missionaries. Churches and chapels, schools, hospitals, and dispen- saries have been established and day by day more and more Porto Ricans are being brought into direct contact with the pure transforming gospel of Jesus Christ.

URGENCY OF THE CRISIS IN ASIA *

BY MR. JOHN R. MaTT, M.A., F.R.G.S. General Secretary of the World's Student Christian Federation.

The present urgency and crisis in been announced, when I visited Seoul the Extreme Orient is unmatched by recently, that in Independence Hall, any other crisis and opportunity which located outside the city wall, to com- has confronted the Christian Church. memorate a certain event in connec- It involves the destiny of nearly 500 tion with the relations between Korea millions of people of Japan, Korea, and China, there would be held a China, Manchuria and Mongolia. mass-meeting of men of the gentry Among these multitudes massed and other important classes. These around the further shore of the Pa- were to be admitted by tickets. The cific Basin, the forces of youth and tickets had been distributed with age, of radicalism and conservatism, care through the city. The meetof growth and decay, are seething and ing was to convene at two o'clock.

struggling for the mastery. What re- At nine o'clock in the morning of that ligion shall dominate these changing week-day the men began to stream out peoples? Or shall it be no religion? beyond the city wall to this, the largest Talk about crises is overdone, but will hall that could be obtained. By anyone who is familiar with the facts twelve o'clock every place in the hall, question that the present is the time which would accommodate 2,500 was of times for the Far East? taken. When some of us, about two The Triumphs of Missions o'clock, drew near the place where the The present is a time of urgent and meeting was to be held, we noticed supreme crisis in the Extreme Orient, the landscape lined with Korean men.

because of the recent remarkable tri- We wondered at it, because it was one umphs of Christianity in the Far of the bitter cold days of January.

East and the great importance of You know they do not reckon cold pressing the advantage which these over there by so many degrees, but triumphs afford. Think of Korea, a by so many coats. Well, this was a nation which is now being swept by a day when they were wearing five spiritual revival of national dimen- coats, and we could not understand sions. The awakening in that country why there were so many standing out- may well be likened to the Welsh re- side in the piercing cold. When we vival in point of pervasiveness, power arrived we found the hall crowded and transforming influence. There is with 2,500 men, and there were 3,500 one body of Christians in Korea more outside. We took possession of which, during the year had nearly 10,- a Buddhist temple, which was soon ODD accessIOns. Another Christian crowded with as many as could enter; communion had nearly as many. but the larger part of the great crowd There comes vividly to memory a had to stay outside in the open air, scene which indicated the eagerness where they stood, listening intently of the Korean people to hear the pres- during the addresses of several speak- entation of the Gospel truth. It had ers. The meeting in the hall lasted '* Condensed as reported for Men's Missionary Convention, Philadelphia. Printed in full in uThe World-Call for Men of To-day," Presbyterian Board of Publication, Philadelphia.

some thr.ee and a half hours. Never tian teachers and preachers to prop- have I known greater eagerness in erly follow them up; and therefore, to attending to the facts connected with make it safe and wise to encourage the mission and the claims of Jesus their being baptized. This spiritual Christ. Over 200 of those strong movement is touching not only the young men of Korea bowed their masses, but likewise the educated knees that day for the first time before classes. Six years ago it seemed to Jesus Christ the Savior. This incident be impossible to get men of the lit- is indicative of the moving of the erary and student class to attend evan- Spirit of God among the higher gelistic meetings or to go to hear classes and the lower classes in North apologetic addresses and lectures. But and Central and Southern Korea. The a few months ago large halls and spe- field is dead-ripe! It is the last time cially constructed pavilions, in which for the Church to withhold her hand to hold Gospel meetings, were invaria- from thrusting in the sickle. If the bly crowded to the doors by students present attack of pure Christianity is and other influential classes of young adequately sustained, Korea will be men. Some of the most remarkable the first non-Christian nation thor- ingatherings into the kingdom of our oughly evangelized in this modern for- Savior have been in connection with eign missionary epoch. the keen, educated classes of China.

At the end of the first thirty-five Moreover, we have had evidence in years of missionary history in China recent years that not only numbers are there wt<re six converts to Christianity. being reached, but that the Holy Spirit The Bishop of Mid-China told me, is developing a type of Christian in when I was out in China for the first China which commands the admira- time, about eleven years ago, that tion of the Cluistians of the West.

when he reached China there were They have stood firm against every only fifty Protestant Christian com- wind that blows; even against the municants, but that that year (IS96) fiercest blasts of cruel persecution.

there were SO,ooo. Now there are at They are now developing a spirit of least 180,000, and some claim that the independence, initiative and leadership number is as high as 250,000. If we which gives promise of wonderful ad- include the adherents to all Protestant vances in the years before us.

bodies, the number would be swelled It seems incredible that within the to nearly one million. Dr. Milne 100 lifetime of people in this Conference years ago predicted that in 100 years there were posted up in different parts there would be one thousand commu- of Japan official edicts, offering re- nicants and adherents to Protestant wards of so many pieces of silver for Christianity in China. Think of one revealing people found either profess- million, or 1,000 times as many as his ing or propagating the Christian faith; prediction reached! Not only so, but and that, in contrast with this, there there are great mass movements are now not less than 60,000 Protes- shaking parts of China to-day, and tant Christian communicants in Japan.

literally thousands of people are being What means much more is the fact held back from baptism because there that if you were to talk to-day to are not a sufficient number of Chris- educated leaders of Japan about the

URGENCY OF THE CRISIS IN

religion of that country they would on the mainland of Asia. At the mention two religions, Buddhism and Student Volunteer Convention of Christianity; but if they made any dis- North America, nearly two years ago, tinction between them it would be in we received a cable me.sage from the favor of Christianity. The Japanese leaders of the Christian Student have developed a spirit of independent Movement of Japan, couched in this leadership which will compare favora- language: "Japan is leading the bly with that of the most aggressive Orient, but whither?" It was a stri- and resourceful of the Christian na- king message. Certainly Japan is lead- tions of the West. Great spiritual ing the Orient! Japan is leading the movcments have been in progress in Orient commercially and she has be- that country within the past few years. come the dominant political influence Notable among them is what has been in Asia. She has been gifted with a known as the Taiyko Dendo, a revival wonderful international sense. She is the like of which one has seldom, if leading the Orient educationally. At ever, witnessed. This revival touched the present time it is said there are all strata of society, and swept not less than I,OOO Japanese teachers throughout the Japanese islands. The at work in all parts of China. While most striking thing about it was that the Occident has been rubbing her it was carried on so largely under Jap- eyes concerning this opportunity, J a- anese leadership. There have been pan has seen it and seized it. More- two events within the past few months over, she has been welcoming within that should in themselves startle us her cIoors the flower of Chinese youth.

because of their significance. One was Possibly we have not been aware of the notable campaign, waged among the fact that there are scores of In- 750,000 Japanese soldiers by the dian students in Tokyo. There are Young Men's Christian Association. nearly 700 Korean students there, also One of the oldest missionaries of Ja- not a few students from the Philip- pan said to us that in his jl1dgment pines and Siam. There have been as the Gospel was preached with fulness many as I5,000 students there at one and power to more of the vigorous time from China, and even now there and aggressive classes of men of Ja- are several thousand. Without a pan over there on the Manchurian doubt Japan is leading the Orient edu- Plains, during the Russian war, than cationally.

during the same period by all the mis- When I returned from the Far East sionaries working in Japan. The six years ago I could not say what other event was the World's Student I now can with great conviction, Christian Federation Conference last namely, that if some great catastro- April, and the associated evangelistic phe to-morrow made it necessary for campaign which have done so much all the missionaries to withdraw from to arrest the attention and awaken tn~ Asia, Christianity is so securely spirit of inquiry among the educated planted in the lives of the Orientals and influential classes of the Japanese that it would spread from them to all empire. parts of the East; and were Christian- Let us bear in mind what a mighty ity to die out in the Occident, in my work of God in Japan makes possible judgment it has such propagating

power in Asia that it would ultimately lose their heads. I have formed the spread back to us. This is what we impression, in conversation with their ought to expect if Christ is living in leaders, that this victory has humbled these Eastern peoples. It is incon- and solemnized them. They have not ceivable that He be pent up and not ceased going to school; they have not reach out until at last He encompass relaxed their intensity of application every man. Believe me, the spiritual to learn. The reason I say this now tide is rising in the Far East, and it is is to protest against the impression always wise to take advantage of a that prevails in some quarters that it rising tide. is too late to influence Japan; that the The Changing Eaat time of crisis for Japan has passed.

It is a time of supreme crisis in the It may have partially passed, but it Far East, not only because of the tri- has not wholly passed. Japan is still umphs of Christianity and the desira- fairly vibrating with modern life. It bility of pressing the advantages is not too late to change Japan.

which these triumphs afford, but also Japan is leading the Orient, but because of the stupendous changes whither? Is it to be into paths of mil- now in progress in that Far Eastern itarism, mercantilism and gross ma- world, especially on the mainland of terialism, or shall Christianity bring Asia; and the great desirability of her full influence to bear upon Japan Christianity bringing its full influence and cause Japan to exert a truly al- to bear while the conditions are still truistic influence? The place to bring plastic. power to bear is at the point where Japan has achieved greater progress power can be most widely distributed: in one generation than any other na- and surely, so far as the Far East is tion has achieved in two, if not in concerned, Japan is that place.

three, generations. She has gone to I shall not linger upon the changes school to the whole world, and has that are coming over Korea. Suffice learned her lessons with remarkable it to say, where are there ten millions facility. Seldom does a man find of people in the world to-day upon himself upon an ocean steamer that whom the currents of modern life have he cloes not find among his fellow been turned more abruptly and with passengers one or more J apanese- greater directness and power than not cruising about the world in search upon the Korean people since the Rus- of pleasure but journeying with seri- sian War? Since that war, railways ous intent to study some institution, have been extended in Korea; there some process or some experience of is being established a system of mod- some other nation or people, deter- ern education; the government is be- mined, in turn, to make this knowl- ing completely reorganized; a new edge tributary to the national great- system of finances is being introduced; ness of the nation they love with an countless social, political and other almost insane patriotism. And they changes are being effected. The pres- have not ceased to go to school. Peo- ent is the time of times to impress ple thought that when they won their Korea with Christian truth and spirit.

great victory over Russia they would In China we see the most marvelous

8 ] THE URGENCY OF THE CRISIS IN

changes. China has made greater in the other cities throughout China, progress in the last five years than any and they give news from all parts of other country of the world. She has the world. The printing presses, secmade a more radical adjustment to ular and religious, are not able to keep modern conditions than has any other pace with the demand upon them for nation in the same period of time. Sir the printing of translations of West- Robert Hart, that sagacious observer ern works about various phases of our of things Chinese, in commenting on civilization, development and history. the recent changes in China, said, The anti-opium crusade is now being "During the first forty-five years of waged with vigor. The practice of my residence in China the country was footbinding is being broken up. It has like a closed room, without a breath been decreed that China shall have of fresh air from the outside world. constitutional government after a few She was not in the least conscious of years of preparatory work. These the existence of outside nations. Dur- changes seem almost unthinkable ing the past five years breezes from all when we pause to reflect on the conparts of the world have been blowing stitution of the Chinese mind, on its through China." Dr. Griffith John, unchanging attitude through centhat Nestor of China missionaries, turies. said that if there had been associated with the changes of China the blood- But the greatest changes in China shed which had characterized the re- are those pertaining to education. She cent changes in Russia, the eyes of the has sent Imperial commissions to civilized world would have been fo- Europe and America-not as a matter cussed upon her, and. nothing would of courtesy, not as a matter of curioskeep back the nations from going to ity, but to learn with a view to going her relief. back to China to bring about changes. They have since shown by their works What are some of these changes? that they are carrying out their inten- Eleven years ago, 200 miles of railway tion. Chinese students are being sent in China; to-day there are 3,700, and, in in increasing numbers to the Occident. addition, 1,600 miles building, and 4,- I estimate that we now have possibly 000 miles more projected. Eleven years as many as 1,000 Chinese students in ago, there were a few telegraph wires; the universities of North America and now lines reach all the provinces. Europe. When we recall what it has Only a few years ago there was not meant to Christianity that the first one modern post-office; now there are Japanese students who came to the 2,500 post-offices, and an average of Occident were befriended, we will one new one being added every day. recognize the desirability of our mak- Ten years ago, there was only one ing friends of every Chinese student daily paper published in Peking, the who comes among us. Let us Chris- Peking Gazette. and it was devoted to tianize as many of them as possible; publishing the edicts of the Imperial let us neutralize all the others-that government; now there are ten dailies is, so influence them that none of t~em there; one of these is a woman's daily, will return to China antagonistic to so they can go us one better. Be- Christianity. This will be highly mulsides these there are papers published tiplying work. China is also sending

students to Japan. This has come This is a development of a few years.

about largely within the past two or There are, literally, not hundreds, but three years. As recently as April thousands of these modern schools and there were 15,000 of them in Tokyo; colleges which have been started 650 of whom came from the Sz-chuan throughout China. China has deter- province of western China, before the mined to have the modern education.

gates of Tibet. To go from there to She has made up her mind to give Tokyo involves a journey of eight her millions of youth western advan- weeks, or the equivalent" in time of tages. Japan now has over 5,500,000 going round the world to get to col- of her youth in schools. The same lege! Fully 1,250 of them came from proportion will some day give China the exclusive province of Hunan. over 50,000,000. The day is coming, That was the last province to let the and very soon, when China will have missionaries in, and that within a dec- more students than any other nation ade. And more recently still it was of the world.

resisting the introduction of the tele- China is in the midst of an intellec- graph. Yet now this most reactionary tual revolution. It is not yet a religious province is represented by a larger revolution; but it may become so. At number of young men in Japan than present her education is purely utilita- in any other province in China. Think rian. Why does China want western of it, 15,000 young men coming out of education? Solely that she may acquire the proudest nation under heaven! the the military, naval, industrial and most secluded nation in the world, well financial power of the West. May God called the Walled Kingdom, to sit at help us to infuse China with Christian the feet of their conqueror! Is this thought, Christian spirit, Christian in- not something absolutely unique? fluence ! The next ten years are Where has there ever been a parallel? packed with possibilities. How we Is it not indicative of a most striking should strengthen the educational mis- change? sionary establishment in China! How The most wonderful of these edu- we should seek indirectly, as well as cational changes has been the blotting directly, to influence the character of out more than a year ago, at one the government and gentry schools!

stroke, of the old curriculum of stud- China and Korea are still in a fluid or ies, and the substitution of Western plastic condition; they are not yet set learning in the examinations for the or crystallized. It is for Christianity, "civil service. This has been followed largely, to say whether they shall be by the springing up, like mushrooms, set in Christian molds or materialis- all over China, of modern colleges tic molds. Japan sees it, whether and high schools. Yuan Chih-kai, we do or not; and unhappily, her in- Chang Chihtung and Tuan Fang, fluence is going to be materialistic, three of the most enlightened viceroys, excepting that of her Christian have been leading off in this educa- Church. I am overwhelmed as I tional reform, and others have been think of this Chinese educational op- following. In the province of Chihli portunity, and of the changes in alone there are already 3,000 modern China. When, in the history of the schools, with over 30,000 students. human race, have such vast numbers

URGENCY OF THE CRISIS IN

of people been undergoing such radical sions, with their unifying influence. changes? I believe that we are going Other causes have been the last three to see reproduced in China, during the years wars in the Far East, and the next fifteen years, on a colossal scale return of the Japanese students from what has actually taken place in Japan Tokyo, with their hearts burning beduring the past thirty years. Religion cause of what they have learned of the is the most fundamental thing in civ- opium war with England, of the unilization. If a race with the traits of just exclusion acts of America and the Chinese determine on a certain at- Australia, of the seizing of their territitude toward religion the danger is tory by Russia, Germany, France and that they may not change again for a Japan, and of the building in their thousand years. The danger is, that own capital city of legations, which Christianity will not realize this suf- remind one of great fortresses stocked ficiently, and therefore will fail to pour with munitions of war and manned in her full strength in time. with foreign troops. Put yourself in the place of an ambitious Chinese stll- . The Spirit of Nationalism dent, and under such conditions would not the national spirit assert itself in Why is it a time of supreme cnsls you? How do we find it exhibiting in the Far East? Not only for these itself? In the many articles bearing two reasons, but also because of the on the subject, which have been writrising spirit of nationalism and of race ten by the Chinese; in frequent referpatriotism. Missions have had to ences to our "country" in periodicals reckon with this in Japan from the and speeches; in the text-book on pavery beginning. May there not have triotism prepared by Yuan Chih-kai; been a providence in it ? For has it in the use of the Chinese flag on modnot made us wiser to deal with other ern school buildings; in the singing races? May the lesson not be lost! of patriotic songs in the schools-all We have heard most suggestive and this would have seemed incredible ten convincing things concerning the years ago in China outside the mission rising national spirit in India. It is to schools; in the societies organized to the infinite credit of Britain that she study how to prepare a national conhas made possible the very develop- stitution; in the boycott against Amerment of that spirit. Some do not ican and other foreign goods; in the realize that in the Philippine Islands, anti-opium crusade; in the creation of and in Siam, the same national spirit a modern army-they have now under has asserted itself. The spirit of na- modern drill in two provinces 150,000 tionalism is also moving among the troops. Speaking of the new army in Koreans, and the hopelessness of their China reminds me of an essay that a situation lends an element of real Chinese student wrote. In speaking of pathos. the growing military power of China, he said, "Weare first going to conquer In China one finds the most marked Japan; next we are going to conquer example of growing consciousness of Russia; next we shall conquer the nationality, and of a desire to acquire whole world; and then take our place national independence and power. as the Middle Kingdom." Among the causes are the spread of railways, thus knitting the country together, and the work of Christian mis-

There is not only this rising national if she fail to improve the unparalleled spirit, but also the spirit of racial pa- opportunity in the East. My anxiety tnotIsm. Lord Salisbury maintained is not lest there be a great awakening that there is such a thing as race in the East, but lest there may patriotism. The cry is spreading over not be a corresponding awakening Asia, "Asia for the Asiatics i" We of the Church in the West. I am burcan no more resist, even if we would, dened with a sense of solicitude lest this rising national and Oriental feel- the western Christians may not see ing, than we can resist the tides of this door-this great and effectual the sea. But we would not resist it. door. You ask what will follow if We remember that the nation and the they do not see and enter it? One rerace are as much the creation of God sult will be that we will become calas is the family. We remember that loused and hardened, and unresponthese mighty powers are to be allied sive to the moving of the Living with Christianity and never placed in Spirit. It is a law of our nature that antagonism to it. What has it not if we do not respond it becomes more meant in Japan that from the begin- difficult to move us the next time. ning patriotism was associated with What could God do, if it is not irrev- Christianity? And what will it not erent to ask that question. What mean in the other Eastern countries? could God do that would likely appeal We do not know when we may be put to us more than what He is now doing out of China. Even if we are not in the East? There is something put out within ten years the Chinese startling in the thought that we may Christians may take things into their pass into such a state that even the own hands, unless the signs fail that moving of the Living Spirit may not one studies in Japan, and that one even deeply touch us! now traces among the Chinese people. Another serious result which will, In twenty years there will not be follow will be wide-spread hypocrisy. a demand for many more new mission- To know duty and do it not, is hypocaries in China. The next five years risy and is also sin. The startling mean vastly more than the fifteen thing about hypocrisy is that it not years which will follow the next five only damages OLlr character and deyears. May Christendom assert her- stroys confidence in our religion on the self in answer to the wishes of her part of those outside the Church, but Lord and evangelize while there is yet condemns to outer darkness millions time the unevange1ized parts of the who but for our sham profession mainland of Asia, and above all may would be ushered into His marvelous we devote large attention to raising light. up, training, and energizing the native leadership of the Chinese Church! Another alanning consequence will be that, failing to become conductors Reflex Influence on the West of His truth, we shall cease to be con- ductors of His power. That will re- Another reason why this is a time sult in the grave peril that we shall of supreme crisis, is because of the become incapacitated for dealing grave and even disastrous reflex in- strongly and effectively with the tasks fluence upon the Church in the West, at our own doors. May something

URGENCY OF THE CRISIS IN

move us! May some one move us, faithful intercession on the part of and save us from the perils of luxury, many Christians. There is a striking of selfishness and of ease, call out the providence in the fact that, just as best energies of our minds and hearts, these wonderful doors have been and stir us to act in line with the indi- opened in the Far East, the Holy cations of the Holy Ghost! Spirit has been calling into being the How to Meet the Crisis Young People's Missionary Move- Vhat can we do to meet this su- ment and the Laymen's Missionary preme crisis in the Far East? There Movement. These two Movements should be a masterly and united policy constitute the complement to the Stu- on the part of the missionary leaders dent Volunteer Foreign Missionary of Europe and North America with Union. They are essential to it, and reference to facing this great question. it is essential to them if this Eastern The time has come-has it not?- crisis is to be successfully met, and if when we should come together, not the world is to be evangelized in our simply to congratulate and criticize day.

one another, or to exhort one another, The Watchword or to educate one another, but to face "The Evangelization of the World these great crises, to study how they in this Generation" should be made a are to be met, and how better to co- commanding reality in the life of ordinate our forces and to introduce every Christian in this convention, and practical means of cooperation and through us in the lives of Christians federation. Our statesmanship should generally. Let us keep it as an ideal; be characterized by comprehension. and let us translate it into terms of We should face the whole field, and self-denial; for this watchword must not simply take it up in parts. We be not only regarded as an ideal, but should face our whole generation, and must also be worked out in action.

not merely grapple with emergencies. This is a truth, not only to be contem- We should face the whole range of plated, and to stir us, but also to be missionary purpose. We should pay done. Whether or not the watchword due regard to the principles of strat- is needed for any other part of the egy with reference to places, to classes, world, it is certainly needed for the to times, to methods. Would it not Far East, because whatever we wish to be wise to let the next great Ecumen- do in the Far East must be done in ical Conference, to be held in Edin- this generation.

burgh in June, 1910, be devoted to God help us to work, and so to plan, these large and urgent questions, and not as tho we had two or more have it conducted on the lines of the generations in which to do the work, recent Shanghai Centenary Confer- but as tho we had but one; or, it may ence? be, but part of one.

There should be prompt and vigor- There must be far larger and more ous development of the great and heroic dedication of lives to the work comparatively latent resources of our of evangelizing the world and estab- western Churches, the laymen and the lishing the kingdom of Christ, if the young people. Then we will have all CriSIS in the Extreme Orient is to be the money needed. Then we will have met. There is need, and that immedi-

ately and imperatively, of a great God the Holy Ghost must be honarmy of workers. Great as is the need ored in this great enterprise. We for more young men of ability in our must how ourselves in reverence be- Western lands, to give themselves to fore Him. In our creed we say, "I the work of the Christian ministry, believe in God the Father Almighty even greater is the need for a large number of the very best students of . . . I believe in the Holy Ghost." Europe and America to go as mission- Therefore let us be consistent, let us aries to the Far East. They are be logical, let us be genuine, and so needed to press into unevangelized re- work and speak, so pray and act, as gions. They are needed to protect our those should who have profest faith present investment of lives, and to in a superhuman religion. The ground make them most highly productive. of our hope and confidence in meet- They are needed to dominate the edu- ing this eastern crisis rests not chiefly cational standards of the East by sheer upon the strength and extent of the force of merit, efficiency and spiritu- missionary establishment, not upon the ality. number and power of the misionaries, not upon the methods and agencies Above all, they are needed to enlist, evolved through generations of experitrain, lead and inspire a host of native ence, not upon the brilliancy of the Christian preachers and teachers. But, leadership of our forces, not upon the let it be emphasized, there must be fulness of the treasury, not upon men and women of ability, as well as statesmanlike policies and plans, and of courage, character and consecra- the skill of our strategists, not upon tion. This is vastly more important watchwords and inspiring forward than numbers. We need those who movements-not chiefly upon these will be statesmen. We need those things, but upon the fact that the with power to lead and inspire. We great God is still pleased to dwell must have the pick of the universities, in men and women with pure if they are to guild and mold the lead- and humble and obedient hearts ers of the new Far East. I do not -"the Holy Ghost, whom God forget that God will take some who hath given to them that obey Him." are not thus conspicuously strong, and Therefore, let us turn from the crisis will use them to confound the mighty. in the Far East, and face the crisis in Japan had killed, wounded and dis- our own lives. Are we willing to yield eased in the late war 457,000 men, in ourselves absolutely, unconditionally to the supreme effort to preserve the bal- the sway of Christ, to do His will and ance in the Far East. The Japanese not our own? Each one of us has willingly laid down tens of thousands this infinitely potential, this awfully of lives to capture one position in the solemn power of choice. May we not Liao-tung Peninsula. "Thy people be found wantin~·, but be true in the shall be willing in the day of Thy exercise of the highest office of the power." Is not this a day of His human will. powe~? Is He not shaking nations? At such a time can we withhold our Our wills are ours we know not how, Our wills are ours to make them Thine !" cooperation?

A LAYMAN'S IMPRESSIONS OF MISSIONS IN ASIA *

BY JOHN B. SLEMAN, JR., WASHINGTON, D. C.

A study of missionary work and its portunity to meet personally many results in a brief tour must neces- men and women whose. names are sarily be very superficial, and espe- household words in their respective cially so when the thought and atten- denominations. Added to the experi- tion of the Christian workers in the ences at these great gatherings were Orient was, for the time being, cen- many weeks of travel from place to tered on the World's Student Chris- place in Japan, China and Korea, tian Federation Conference at Tokyo meeting missionaries, visiting their and on the great gathering of mission- homes and the churches, hospitals and aries at Shanghai for the Morrison schools under their charge. There Centennial. were also opportunities for conversa- While these events prevented a close tions with consuls and business men study of the mission stations under and with Japanese, Chinese, and Konormal conditions, they gave op- rean officials.

portunities to hear from all the great The present time presents opportu- leaders, to listen to discussions by ex- nities for the evangelization of the perts and to follow up in conversa- Orient which are in every way extion with missionaries of every grade, traordinary. This is especially true ideas gained from observation or pre- in China and Korea. No more rev- vious study. olutionary action was ever taken by One can never forget the impres- any nation than that which China sions of the essential unity of Chris- took several years ago when she abso- tian thought throughout the world lutely abolished an educational system and the universal application of the two thousand years old and substi- Christian religion to the needs of men tuted in its place a system patterned and women everywhere, produced by after· our own. The full significance the gathering of the Christian stu- of this move and its relation to the dents and professors of twenty-five propagation of Christianity can only nations at Tokyo. The single fact be understood when one realizes that that the· first world's gathering of up to the time of this change the lite- any sort ever held in the Orient rati, or educated leaders of the Chinese should be a coming together of the were, with but very few exceptions, forces of aggressive Christianity as beyond the reach of the missionaries.

represented by one of the most influen- N ow they are the most accessible class tial classes in every nation was of tre- in many respects because of their great mendous significance, and its meaning anxiety to learn quickly everything was not lost upon the Japanese nation, that is Western.

as was evidenced by the utterances of The graduates of mission schools public men and by the editorials of are in great demand as teachers-they the Japanese press. have peculiar advantages for teaching The great gathering of missionaries Christianity along with their secular at Shanghai gave a most valuable op- duties. If the mission schools could * M1', Sleman has recently returned from a four months' trip to the Orient. He went as a member of the Centennial Commission of the Laymen's l1issionary Movement.

be greatly enlarged immediately, so Some Criticisms of Missions that many more teachers could be trained for the government schools, There are very few criticisms of this permeating influence could be Christian missions in the Orient that more widely disseminated. It· would do not have as their cause the nigbe statesmanship of the highest order gardliness of the Church at home. Of to place at the disposal of our mission- course there are inefficient missionaries in China the funds and the work- aries, but they' are few, and there are ers to greatly increase the output of stations which might better have not the mission schools, not only to pro- been opened until they could be vide teachers for government schools manned more effectively. My prinbut also to train Christian workers of cipal criticisms, however, go back to every sort, especially, of course, young the Church at home. It is absurd to men for the ministry. build a fine, large hospital and then leave only one physician to look after In Korea a condition exists which it. It is uneconomical in every way is unparalleled :n the annals of mis- to consume the time of men who can sions. The prophecy in the hymn preach and teach and translate, in which speaks of the coming of "a building houses and keeping account nation in a day" is literally being ful- books. It is poor policy to have so filled in the Hermit Kingdom. The many important decisions made by exwonderful revivals, the unprecedented ecutive committees and boards who activity of Korean converts in evan- are ten thousand miles away and who gelizing their own people, the eager- can not by any possibility know the ness to learn and teach-all signify a circumstances and special needs in condition which warrants all the help given cases. from us in the way of workers and equipment which the missionaries Far greater latitude in administradeem wise. tion should be given to the mission- aries on the field. In the denomina- In both China and Korea the oppor- tions where there is a responsible head tunities for medical missions are es- on the ground, the beneficent results pecially obvious, not only for the influ- are very obvious. ence upon the patients treated, but even more for the training up of the My observations led me to believe modern medical fraternity of these na- in large, typical representative work tions. In connection with their hos- as distinguished from a wide scatterpitals the missionary physicians are ing of small stations. The larger the establishing medical schools. Think of missionary community the greater the what it will mean for China and Korea influence, and, after all, the great duty to have the physicians of the future, of foreign missionaries is to establish Christian men! In Seoul we beheld the type and let the native reproduce the production of one of the first it in kind. The formation of larger books on modern medical science to be stations, too, prevents many of the issued in Korea-printed from a vexed questions of personal relationmimeograph by Korean medical stu- ships which inevitably result in many dents in the basement of the Severance places from the living together of Hospital. small groups segregated from com- panionship with other foreigners.

A LAYMAN'S IMPRESSIONS OF MISSIONS IN ASIA

Throughout our entire tour in the ica on the subject of foreign missions Far East we were imprest with the has been greatly influenced by the force of a remark made by Robert E. dwellers in port cities in the East and Speer to the effect that the evangeli- it is time that this influence was com- zation of the world was not to be bated. accomplished by the technical mission- ary agencies alone. At every point of Moreover, the Christian community contact with heathenism the represen- in a port city in the Orient has the tatives of Christian nations have mis- same duty to perform with reference sionary opportunities. The men who to the conduct of the municipal affairs represent its in business and diplo- as it has in a city of America, and it matic circles in the Orient are often can not be excused from the initiation in positions of greater influence than of and active participation in all move- the missionaries. We must in some ments needed to reform the moral way see to it that these men worthily and political status of those com- represent a Christian civilization. It munities. is not too much to say that many of them in the past, and still a great Another point of vital importance many in the present, are a hindrance to the missionary cause which this and not a help to the propagation of trip made very clear was the influence the truth of God. Their lives are of the action of America and England not above reproach and often there as nations toward such nations as is active opposition to all things re- China. This is not the place to dis- ligious. cuss exclusion laws or similar gov- ernment enactments, but it is the place The problem of influencing foreign- to say that such acts on the part of ers dwelling in the port cities of the our government which involve real Orient is one of the most vital of all or fancied injustice to the people of missionary questions. The very tap- the Far East are at times a very real root of hostility to and criticism of bar to effective work. The cultiva- foreign missions is to be found in tion of an enlightened public opinion these communities. As they are the on the subject of our relations as a only communities with which the ordi- nation to the nations of the Orient is nary traveler comes into contact, their an indispensable part of the really views, as well as their viewpoint, are effective evangelization of those couninevitably transmitted to those who tries. reach these countries. Christian business and professional men traveling I t was inspiring to the visiting in the Orient can do great service to laymen from America to meet the the missionary body by cornering splendid missionary leaders of the .some of the critics in the port cities. Christian forces on the field and, if They can be made to eat their words the remarks of the missionaries were of criticism in many a case because a safe criterion, they themselves were so often they are absolutely ignorant greatly stimulated and encouraged by of the facts. Public opinion in Amer- this visit evidencing as it did the new and enlarged interest of the Church at home in the work abroad.

PICTURES OF MISSIONARY LIFE

CENTRAL AFRICA STORIES OF HARDSHIP AND SUCCESS IN BONGANDANGA. KONGO STATE BY REV. AND MRS. A. E. RUSKIN, KONGO BALOLO MISSION Within the horseshoe bend of the and one of the most important edifices Kongo River, in the very heart of of all,-the printing-house. Further darkest Africa, are millions of people back on the main road to the neighbor- for whom the Kongo Balolo Mission ing towns, stand the chapel and school- was founded in 1889. Three stations house, two large buildings, but not were opened: Boginda, Lulanga, and too large for the numbers who come Ikau, and still the pioneers prest fur- together to hear the Word of Life. All ther inland, until, in March r89I, work these houses, with the exception of the was commenced at Bongandanga. printing-house,are thatched with palm- Bongandanga is on the southern leaf, and among the palms, the orange bank of the Lofoli or Lopori River, a and mango-trees appear very pictur- tributary of the Lulango, on which esque.

are the stations of Bonginda and Ikau, The Bongandanga of the present is and which flows into the Kongo close naturally,after fifteen years' work, very to the Lulanga station. The mission different from the place as it was buildings at Bongandanga stand on a found by Messrs. McKittrick and Cole hill, the beginning of a plateau which when they paid their first visit to it extends for some miles east, west, and on March 29, 1891. At that time there south. The town is only about one was nothing but the densest forest, and and one-half degrees north of the it was with difficulty that a landing equator, 25 miles south of the Kongo, could be effected for the little mission '

and 130 miles east of Ikau, the nearest steamer "Pioneer" in which they trav- mlSSlOn station. There is a steep as- eled. At first sight of the steamer cent of about one half mile from the all the natives ran and hid in the neigh- landing-place, which is simply a clear- boring forest, and it was not an easy ing on the river bank, so densely sur- task to persuade them to return and rounded by forest trees that the path converse with the strange white men.

is difficult to find. After a time they came back, one by The station on the hill consists of one, and later in larger numbers, many three good houses built of wood on of them no doubt drawn by curiosity brick piles, in front of which is a large to see these wonderful people with space where grass is grown as much white skins. The missionaries went as possible. There are no stones or up into the town, borrowed a hut from clay at Bongandanga, and the white one of the old men, and established sand under a tropical sun is very try- themselves there. The first thing they ing to the eyes. Wide verandas to all did was to tell, as well as they could, the houses not only assist in cooling the old, old story of jesus and His the interior, but also temper the strong love, to the crowd of listeners who light. Behind these houses are the gathered round to hear it for the very stores, cook-houses, carpenter's sheds, first time.

LIFE IN CENTRAL

The first missionary in charge at . kept under perpetual supervision; and Bongandanga, Mr. Richard Cole, he was also in constant demand among greatly endeared himself to the peo- the town people to dress the wounds ple, and was much used of God in of those injured in battle, talk pala- their midst. Even to the present time he is spoken of by the natives as "Our father," or "Our own white man;"

and Mrs. Cole is remembered lovingly by men and women who were in her school as children.

During the past fifteen years be- tween twenty and thirty missionaries have been engaged in the work at Bon- gandanga, and six of that number have laid down their lives in the midst of the work, and their graves on the station are a constant witness to the constraining love of Christ.

Judging from the journals of the pioneer missionaries they were con- stantly shocked by discoveries of the terrible customs of the natives round about them. Cannibalism and witch- craft were practised openly. There were constant intertribal wars, while BONGANDANGA CHIEF deceit and immorality of every kind were rampant. An unwritten language Notice the custom of tying up the beard, prac· tised by men of influence. This man has become a faithful Christian.

had to be learned from people who had not the remotest idea of teaching it. vers, and settle disputes. There were The most elementary truths had to be many intertribal fights, and the taught, as the natives had no idea Ngombe cannibals frequently came whatever of a personal God, no sense across the river to attack the Mongo of sin, or of their need of salvation. . villages and had even threatened to Yet in spite of these difficulties it was attack the mission station.

not long ere they had the joy of seeing All this began to tell on Mr. Scar- the first-fruits of their labors in the nell's health. At the close of one of conversion of one or two of the those busy days, he told one of his younger generation. personal boys that he was going home.

When Mr. and Mrs. Cole removed "What?" said the boy, "going home? to Bonginda station, Mr. Scarnell was How? There are no steamers coming left alone at Bongandanga. Besides this way: how can you go?" The mis- preaching and teaching, he had to su- sionary answered, "I shall flyaway."

perintend the men and boys in build- "Flyaway, indeed! are you a bird?"

ing his house and keeping the station asked the lad. But the meaning was in order. His cook and domestic boys soon made plain for, pointing to a spot were all raw natives, and so had to be near the chapel, Mr. Scarnell said,

"When I am dead, bury me here by the for the dead so characteristic of the chapel." African in his desolate bereavement. Before their eyes were dry, the native The sun was high in the heavens, drums were beaten and the news had next morning, when one of the boys been sent round the district. They awoke to find that Mr. Scamell had made a rough box and buried him in not called any of the men to work; the spot he had indicated near the and looking at the sun, he exclaimed, chapel. "What is wrong? The white man must have overslept! I will call him." Up to this time the natives had a He knocked at the door, but received superstitious belief that a white man no answer: he waited and as he lis- was immortal; but when the Ng6mbe tened, he heard a groan. The boy then cannibals heard that Mr. Scarnell was quietly entered the room, and found really dead, they threatened to come his master prostrate with hemoglobi- and. steal away his body so that they nuria. Other boys came in, and to- might become possest of the supergether they watched beside the mis- natural power which they believed sionary, feeding him and passing him him to have. The boys watched the medicine bottles as he was able to over the grave, and during each point them out and ask for them. night fired off the missionary's shot- Faithfully they watched him by turns gun at intervals, and so succeeded at night as well as by day, until at in keeping away the Ng6mbe. length the temperature rose rapidly, and the patient became delirious. Then Three days after Mr. Scarnell's the boys took fright at his strange death, the canoe which Efomi had sent words and ways and ran away, leav- to Ikau to inform Mr. Ellery of the ing Mr. Scamell alone. In the eve- missionary's sickness returned with ning, they returned with Efomi, one of Mr. Ellery himself. the friendly chiefs, but there was no answer to their knock. They opened Other missionaries took up the work the door and found the room in dark- at Bongandanga and it was not long ness. One of the boys opened the win- after this that the church was formed, dow shutter. "See," said one, "he is and among the first members were praying;" but another said, "No, he is three of Mr. Scarnell's personal boys. not praying!" They drew near, and "One soweth, and another reapeth." found that the spirit had fled from the This was a season of great blessing body of Mr. Scamell as he knelt with and ingathering; but Satan would not hands stretched out over the bed as easily give up his kingdom, and so tho in prayer. raised up opposition.

His body was taken up tenderly by Efomi was not yet converted, but he the savages for whom his life was laid soon had an opportunity of showing down, and then Efomi said, "His his friendliness to the missionaries. mother is not here to weep; no other The natives of Basankusu, a town 120 missionary is here to mourn him; miles down the river from Bongancome, children, let us weep." They danga, attacked and killed two State crouched down and began to wail na- officials and sent messengers to Bontive fashion, that long monotonous cry gandanga to incite the natives there to attack and kill the two missionaries, Messrs. Haupt and Cooke. Crowds

LIFE IN CENTRAL

gathered together in the forest and evil design, and they returned to their surrounded the mission station, armed homes. for the fight. Efomi went out and reasoned with them, saying, "Why do. In the meantime some steamers you wish to kill these white men? laden with State soldiers arrived at Have you forgotten the repeated at- Basankusu, and the natives there were tacks of the Ngombe on our villages? severely punished for their murderous If you kill the white men, will not the deeds . iVhen this news reached Bon- Ngombe come again? Moreover, they gandanga, Efomi was thanked for havhave come to teach us about God: if ing prevented the same thing.

Efomi was faithful to the mission- THE SCHOOLHOUSES, KONGO BALOLO MISSION, BONGANDANGA, AFRICA we kill them, will not God do some- aries to the time of his death in 1902. thing terrible to us ?" Tho never a church member, he gave unmistakable signs of his conversion, They answered, "Basankusu have and his last words were, "I am a child killed their white men, and we will of God! I am a follower of Jesus!" kill ours! Stand back, Efomi." The only thing which debarred him from church fellowship was polygamy. Finding argument useless, Efomi Humanly speaking, but for Efomi the warned them, saying, "Take care, lest mission work at Bongandanga might when you have killed them, you will have been stopt altogether, but we befind that you have commenced a fight lieve God raised him up to avert the with God! But if you will fight, come catastrophe and save the lives of his on; we also can fight: if you will kill servants. these white men, kill me and my young men too." Here Efomi and his war- There followed years of strenuous riors lined up, prepared to defend the effort to teach the people the Gospel missionaries, each grasping his shield by lip and life, by precept and exand spear. This sufficed to check the

ample; and the missionaries had the fetishism seemed to have obtained a joy of seeing many converted to God. new hold on the people as they vainly As was almost inevitable, there was tried to combat sleeping sickness by also at times the sorrow of having to means of charms and fetishes. Gamreprimand and even suspend from bling, which was scarcely known prechurch fellowship some who had run viously, had become very popular well, but had grown weary and gone among the young men, and ultimately back to the old ways. proved the downfal! of several mem- bers of the church. In addition to Toward the end of the year 1901 this, the station is, unfortunatelv sitthere came a terrible visitation to the uated in the territory of the Abtr: one whole district of our mission in the cf the great rubber trusts of the form of an epidemic of smallpox. It Kongo, and at that time the natives was particularly virulent at Bongan- of Bongandanga were opprest and danga, and as the months went by, and shamefully treated by the agents of the the scourge became worse, many of Company and their black emissaries. the natives gave up all attempts at iso- When the missionaries took a decided lation. The disease spread rapidly, stand against such maladministration, until the mission station was sur- they found themselves boycotted to rounded by it and some of the mission such an extent that they could not purboys were attacked by it. The deathc chase so much as an egg from the rate rose to five, six, eight and even natives, who were under threat of punten a day; and we believe it was in ishment if they sold to us. The misanswer to prayer that none of the mis- sion work, especially the school work, sionaries took the disease. The native was opposed in every possible way church suffered terribly, and a num- and some village schools closed. ~at­ ber of the brightest and most helpful urally this opposition had a bad effect members were taken to be with the on the heathen whose motto is "Might Lord. is right." And even some of the Christians who were not strong in the Not long after the first signs of that faith were drawn away into sin. terrible and mysterious malady, sleeping sickness, appeared and during the These and other trials sent us to last few years has decimated the pop- our knees in prayer; a daily prayerulation of Bongandanga. One of the meeting was arranged and attended by strangest symptoms of this disease is all the missionaries. Week after week, that it produces in the patient a lack and month after month, we prayed, of moral sense, causing him ofttimes and it was a great test of faith when, to commit actions and tell falsehoods, instead of the showers of blessing for for which he seems irresponsible. This which we prayed, things apparently disease also began to lay hold of sev- grew worse and worse. -Sometimes eral church members, and carried off we thought we saw the little cloud, the the best of those who were left by the precursor of the showers, but when we smallpox. looked again it was gone. At last, after eighteen months of constant When we returned to our station in prayer, we disbanded the church, for 1903, we found very few church mem- the few remaining members had albers left, and these had become indifferent and apathetic. Super:'tition and

LIFE IN CENTRAL

most all fallen into sin o f some kind. you love us, if you will send 'Mama' Some had countenanced, tho they had home alone to come back and teach not actually practised polygamy; some us; and she loves us, or she would not had imbibed the gambling spmt; let you return." others had gone back to the old heathenish practises of fetishes and Much prayer ascended to God at charms, and the few who had done this time on behalf of the backsliders none of these things were so indiffer- and it was decided to set apart the ent that they had no desire to attend first week in February for a special evangelistic effort. Many friends in Tl-IE HOME OF MR. AND MRS . RUSKIN AT BONGANDANGA, KON GO ST A1'r.: prayer-meetings or to take part in E ngland also joined in special prayer evangelistic work. for the mission. A t that timc (Feb. 1-8, 1906), there were only two mis- Few home-workers can understand siona ries prescnt at Ilongandanga, as the terrible sorrow and disappointment M r. and Mrs. Gamman had gone to the Conference at Stanley Pool. The meetof that day in Jul)" 1905, when the ings commenced on the Thursday, and were held morning, afternoon and evechurch, the object of so many hopes ning , some in the chapel, and others in and aspirations, the cause of so many the open air. In all thirty-four meetfears and sorrows, and the subject of ings were held in the eig ht days, so much prayer was definitely dis- because the people would not go away banded; and it seemed almost as tho without hearing more. The Holy the whole of the work would have to Spirit Himself took the leadership of be commenced over again. the meetings ; and there were no ser- mons, for sometimes the missionaries At about this time Mrs. Ruskin was could not even speak, but stood still obliged to go to England for her health and when Mr. Ruskin returned alone to Bongandanga, the natives said, "Now we know that

and saw the salvation of God. From I would not have given up this fetish, the first, there was a spirit of prayer if a man had stood over me with a and expectation, and a great breaking loaded gun and commanded me to do down among the backsliders, espe- so or die; but now I part with it for- cially on the second day when Bongoli, ever. Jesus save me." Another stal- a former evangelist, confest with tears wart fellow stood up and said, "With to having gone astray on account of a this hand I killed two men before the Jove of money, and besought the Lord white men came here,. I was also a to receive him back into His service. cannibal; can God forgive me?" The Sunday morning a few words were answer came from the restored back- spoken on Acts xix :19, and after that sliders, "Yes, He can." "Then, Lord, the meeting was thrown open. This save me to-day;" was his prayer.

was the signal for numbers of people Others, both men and women, confest to come forward, in fact there was a to terrible and degrading sins, but the continuous procession of people who power of the Lord was present to heal came to confess their sins and to aban- them.

don their charms and fetishes. At the When the steamer reached Bon- close of the service, much later than gandanga, bringing Mr. and Mrs.

usual, there was found a great heap of Gamman back from the Conference, charms, fetishes, stolen goods, illgotten and Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey from gains, things won by gambling, etc., England, it can be im"~ined with piled up in front of the chapel, all of what joy they heard the good news, which had been willingly given up for even before they landed, "The Lord the sake of Christ. Some stolen goods has sent the blessing, and the Holy were put aside to be returned to their Spirit has been working in our midst rightful owners, but by the desire of wonderfully!" And how the joy deep- the people who had resigned them, all ened as the days passed and they saw the rest were either burned or thrown the marvelous change which had taken into the river. place in so short a time. .

The things to be burned were piled The church was formed again with up outside the chapel, and as soon as five members, and others have been the fire was lighted, all the scoffers, added since. It is a small beginning; who had been opposing the giving up but God is able to do great things of the charms, ran off, almost falling through feeble instrumentality, and over one another in their haste to get His strength is made perfect in weak- away; for there is a native superstition ness.

that if the smoke of a burning fetish The young Christians are growing envelops a person, it will bring him in grace, and becoming very helpful either death or calamity. in the preaching of the Gospel and in The meetings were continued, and other ways, and the people from all on the next Sunday there was round the district are eager!y listening another bonfire and some of those to the Word and begging for teachers.

who had fled from the smoke One hopeful sign is the eager of the first were present at the desire for every copy of the Word of second and burnt their own fetishes. God as it comes out. Those who can One old chief said, "A little while ago read devour it hungrily, and those who

MISSIONARY LIFE IN CENTRAL

can not willingly listen to the reading. Scripture portions, a part of the New Almost the whole of the New Testa- Testament which we hope will soon ment is now translated and is being be completed, a series of booklets and printed at Bongandanga. It is also leaflets, and also a quarterly magazine noticeable that many, tho not all, of in English entitled, "The Kongo Ba- those blest in the awakening were 1010 Mission Record," form some of those who had been trained in the mis- the work of the printing-house staff, sion school and were able to read the who are all natives of Bongandanga.

Word for themselves. The greatest needs for all this work The following departments of work are prayer and men. Will not you are carried on at present: The preach- make a special note of some of these ing of the Gospel in the station chapel things, and pray daily for God's bless- and in neighboring towns and villages, ing and a constant outpouring of His as well as further afield by means of Spirit on all the work! Think of two itinerating journeys whenever· and missionaries for all that work! and wherever possible; an inquirers' class think of the thousands around them in which are several members, both who have never yet been taught! and male and female, in which they receive pray, if you never have before, that special instruction; the weekly prayer- the Lord of the harvest may thrust meetings; a preaching class, composed forth laborers into His harvest.

of young men who study the Bible Money, of course, is necessary; but if together with one of the missionaries, prayer has its rightful place, and in preparation for future evangelistic hearts are made willing to do God's work; a Gospel meeting and sewing will, the silver and gold, which are class for the women only, which is a His, will flow into the treasury.

very hopeful feature of the work at In the work at Bongandanga, there present. There is also a mixed day- has been light and shade, the hard- school held on the station, attended by ship and the compensation, the sorrow all the domestic boys of the mission- and the joy, the suffering and the aries as well as many town children. success. Critics of missions, who are The translated Scripture portions form to be found even among Christians, the chief text-books for the school, and looking at the cost in money and in the salvation of the souls of the chil- lives, may say with Juclas: "To what dren is the chief aim. purpose is this waste?" But in the The work of translating and print- light of the souls that have been saved ing goes on apace, and the printing- and promoted to glory, and others press provides good work for those who are now living for God, it can who have passed through the school no longer be considered a waste of and for the young Christians. School- life or money to take the Gospel to books, hymn-books, Gospels, and other the heart of Africa.

AND THE GOSPEL*

BY REV. LOUIS MEYER, CINCINATI, OHIO I. The Land and the People not well speak. In ancient times the Abyssinia, an independent kingdom races were well mixed in this country, of East Africa, has an area of about and Arabian and African blood be- 150,000 square miles.. It is a strange came intermingled. However, it is Alpine country, the native injIabitants a splendid people which inhabits of which imagine that, at the time of Abyssinia now. The black color is creation, God forgot to extricate their the most prominent, but all its shades, country from chaos. But in reality up to olive-brown, are seen, and the it is a country where volcanic forces features are almost noble. lIany of once were more powerfully active the nobility have stately figures, and than elsewhere. Its table-lands are they present to the observer a picture ten thousand feet high, while the peaks of manly strength and beauty as they of the mountains rise to almost fifteen pass by upon their goodly horses, the thousand feet and are covered with skin of a lion around their shoulders, eternal snow. Rushing and thunder- a diadem with towering heron feathers ing waterfalls are found here, as well upon their heads, and the heavy spear as murmuring brooks and gently flow- in the strong fist. The Abyssinian ing rivulets, which are bordered with women wear mostly white garments green meadows. A few lakes are with many folds which are fastened scattered over the land, upon whose with a cord around the waists, while placid blue waters hippopotami, wild their ornaments consist in chains of geese, pelicans, herons, and small wa- glass or amber pearls and bracelets ter-fowls are to be seen. The most made of tin. The nails of fingers and beautiful of these lakes is Lake Tana, toes are colored red. The hair is close to whose shore the town of Gon- shaven, and the vanished eyebrows dar is situated. Of these rivers we are intimated by a curved blue line, name only two: the Atbara, one of the so that an Abyssinian woman makes largest tributaries of the Nile from the a rather peculiar impression. Nude East, and the Bahr e1 Asrek, sometimes figures are not seen, except a few called the Blue Nile, which has its small children.

source in Southern Abyssinia. Abyssinian habitations are very Almost every climate of the earth plain. They are round, with a point- is found in Abyssinia. Thus, in the ed roof and look very much like great river-valley and the lowlands grow beehives. The churches have the same all the tropical plants, while in the form, but are recognizable by the tow- highlands grain, corn, and vegetables ering cross upon the roof.

of the milder zone are cultivated and The ancient language of Abyssinia even the potato has been planted with is the Ethiopian, but it became a dead success. language many centuries ago, so that Into this country, so greatly favored it is understood by few, and spoken by nature, its inhabitants seem well by none. The official language, used to fit. The population is about 3,510,- in law, announcements and publica- 000, but of an Abyssinian race we can tions of the court, is the Amharic, but J(. Based chiefly upon the book by Paul, "Abyssinia a!1.d the Evangelical Church." (German).

R~lIgious

j)joisjons Of Jlfrlca.

Fa.rItDI/.,to • AIJJII't N'y~nu… 75f) (BD6t) T HE RELIGIOU S PROBLEM IN AFRICA THE CA P E TO CA IRO RAILROAD The vrogress in the Christianization of Africa ' is thus presented The progress in the construction of thi s great plan, originated by Cecil in the Illustra te d .Il. iissio·nary Neu's. Rhod es, is thus present e d irt Th e A m e ri can Monthly Review o f Revie'Ws.

" With man it is impossible, but not with God, for with God all thin gs are possib le."

19QBl ABYSSINIA AND THE GOSP£L

it is by no means the mother-tongue was wrecked on the coast of Ethiopia of all Abyssinians, and different lan- and the two nephews of Meropius guages are used in the different prov- were the sole survivors of the disaster. inces, for instance in Tigre, Schoa, They became slaves and were sold to and the land of the Gallas. the king of Abyssinia, who soon learned to love them and raised them Of the religion of the ancient Abys- to honored positions. Finally, a short sinians we know nothing. An ancient time before his death, he gave liberty writer makes the unsupported state- to both and upon his death-bed made ment that they worshiped the dragon. Frumentius the administrator of the The Blue Book of Missions states that kingdom and the guardian of the in Abyssinia are 3, IOOpOO Christians minor heir to the throne. Edesius (Coptic Church, 3,098,000; Roman returned to Tyre, but Frumentius did Church, 2,000); Mohammedans 50,- his best for the temIJoral and spiritual 000; Animist fetish-worshipers 300,- welfare of the land of his adoption. 000; and Jews 60,000. The Abyssin- Having caused Christian merchantmen ian Jews are called Falashas, which from Egypt to come and settle in name means exiles or emigrants. Abyssinia, he went finally to Alex- Some say that the Falashas are de- andria to visit Bishop Athanasius and scendants of the old Jewish Himyarite ask his help in spreading the Gospel kingdom of South Arabia and are not among the people of his country. Jews in race. Others hold the more Athanasius made Frumentius a bishop plausible theory that at the time of and the head of the missionaries which the Babylonian captivity some Jews he sent with him. Frumentius refled into Egypt. They sailed up the ceived the titles Abba Salama (father Nile and established themselves in of peace) and Abuna (our father), what is now Abyssinia. The religious and this last title is still applied to classes among the Falashas are, as a the head of the Abyssinian Church. rule, acquainted only with the Penta- The connection of the Egyptian and teuch, and especially its ceremonial Abyssinian Churches also still conlaws. Their places of worship are tinues, and the Abuna is always imconstructed after the plan of the ported from Egypt. Tabernacle, and in their worship an altar and sacrifices are chief features. Under Frumentius and his succes- The services consist of prayers and sors, Christianity made such rapid propsalms, music, dancing, incense, and gress that the whole land was Chrissacrifices. Their fasts and feasts are tianized about the year 500. And numerous, but alas! Sanbat, the god- with the spread of Christianity in dess of the Sabbath (probably Ash- Abyssinia came the missionary spirit toreth), receives especial honor. which offered the Gospel to the sur- rounding multitudes still in heathen 2. Rise and Decay of Christianity darkness and created the Ethiopian translation of the Bible. But sud- In the days of Constantine, the first denly disaster came. Theological dis- Christian emperor, Meropius, a Chris- sensions severed all connection betian physician of Tyre, accompanied tween the Eg-vptian and Abyssinian by his two nephews, Frumentius and Church and the remainder of Chris- Edesius, undertook a trip upon the waters of the Red Sea. Their ship

tendom, and soon after Mohamme- Wednesday and Friday are fast-days, danism began its mighty onslaught when no eating or drinking is to be upon Africa. Abyssinia was enabled done between sunrise and sunset, or to withstand it, tho North and North- only bread and vegetables are to be eastern Africa succumbed, but alas! partaken of after the total fast until Abyssinian Christianity was badly the ninth hour. Advent, Lent, etc., crippled under the continuous troubles are also kept as fast-days. of the wars, and gradually it decayed and became the counterfeit of Chris- Many saints are worshiped. Mary, tianity which it is to-day. The Chris- the mother of God and queen of the tian churches in modern Abyssinia heavens, is given the highest place have three courts, like the ancient among them. But it is the general temple in Jerusalem: the court of the doctrine that fasting, giving of alms men (women must remain in the fore- and of large presents to their confescourt) ; the holy place for the priests, sors, and kissing of the doors of the which can be overlooked, however, churches insure eternal happiness to through holes in the walls; and the believers. holiest of holy, where the sacramental dishes are kept and the sacramental The sacraments are charms, not elements are consecrated by the high- means of grace. Baptism is preceded est priest who alone can enter it. In by circumcision, and children are imthe holiest of holy the tabot( the holy mersed, adults are sprinkled. After ark) is kept. In the festal proces- baptism a blue cord is fastened around sions it is carried about under a great the neck, a badge which is not removed umbrella, and young and old rever- till death. The bread of the Lord's ently bow and kneel before it. Supper is soaked in wine and fed to the communicants with a spoon. Men The chief priest is called the Abuna between twelve and forty years of age (see p. 43 I), who has been called the are debarred from the Lord's Supper, Pope of Abyssinia, tho he is depend- because they are thought unable to ent on the king. Monks and nuns are keep the sixth commandment. The numerous and are ruled by the Et- marital relation is not kept holy, and schege, who is also the confessor of plural marriages are frequent. Wedthe king. These monks and nuns are ding ceremonies are scarce. said to be lazy, living in licentiousness and luxury, and utterly ignorant. The It has been said, that Abyssinian priests are not much better. They can Christians are in morality far below read the ancient, sacred Ethiopic trans- the Mohammedans and show all the lation of the Bible, tho few of them vices and lusts of the wild inhabitants unJerstand it, and know by heart the of Africa. Tho nominal followers of long formulas of their liturgy and Christ, the Abyssinians are lazy, lying, the Niccean creed. Sermons are un- drunkards, and voluptuous in the exknown. treme.

The first and seventh days of the 3. First Effort to Bring the Gospel week are kept holy, and the year has VVe have no time to discuss the man- 180 fast- and feast-days. Every ner in which the Jesuits, aided by Portugal, came to Abyssinia during the 16th century and attempted to

AND -THE GOSPEL

bring the country under the power of had a long and heated discussion with the Pope. Be it enough to state that them. The Abuna was present and the Jesuits were finally driven off, and from that time on became a warm that to-day the Roman Catholic Mis- friend and patron of the missionary.

sions in Abyssinia are insignificant After their arrival in Abyssinia he and under control of the Lazarists of recommended Heyling so highly that Paris. the sons of prominent Abyssinian In the year 1635 the first Protestant families were entrusted to his care.

missionary came to Abyssinia. His Soon the German missionary gained name was Peter Heyling, and he was the favor of the king, who honored the son of a pious goldsmith in the him in many ways and finally gave German city of l.ubeck. Having re- him one of his daughters to wife. In ceived a good education in his home spite of honors heaped upon him, Hey- city, he went, in 1628, to Paris to ling remained humble and lowly study law. Soon he joined a circle minded and never forgot his great of pious countrymen and in spite of purpose of bringing the Abyssinian the great temptations of the wicked Church back to Christ. He made no city grew rapidly in grace until he at efforts at proselyting, but tried to last decided to become a messenger of revive the decayed Church from with- the Gospel in foreign lands. His in. A translation of the Bible into the attention was directed to the decayed Amharic seemed most important, and Christian Church In Abyssinia- he commenced it, translating first the it is said, by his friend, the famous Gospel according to John. But he had Hugo Grotius – and he decided no printing press, and the translation to consecrate himself to the work in was available to only a few.

that country. Little is known about the further In the year 1632 he started from work of this forerunner of modern Paris and immediately had to face missibns who went out trusting in God, great difficulties. But he overcame without the backing of any Church them all. Many months he spent in or Missionary Society. It is said that an Egyptian cloister in the midst of the in the year 1652 Heyling received desert, learning the Arabic and Syrian permission from the King of Abys- languages. Then he went to Cairo sinia to visit Cairo. Richly loaded to look for an opportunity of reach- with valuable presents he started upon ing Abyssinia. The Lord soon sent his journey. When he arrived upon it. The Abuna had died, and King the island of the Nile, which is called Basilides of Abyssinia sent an em- Suaguena (Suakim) , the Turkish bassy to Egypt to ask for a new Pasha saw his treasures, arrested him, Abuna. Heyling was permitted to and gave him the choice between Moaccompany this embassy on its return hammedanism and death. Heyling's trip and thus assured of safe conduct. loyal answer was: "I shall not deny While the embassy was resting upon . my faith. Do what pleases you." an island of the Nile, the Jesuits who Then his head was cut off, and thus just then had been driven out of perished the pioneer missionary to Abyssinia, came along, and Heyling Abyssinia.

3. Missionary Work Among the Falashas Saalmuller and Waldmeier, soon after. The king showed them many favors, Almost two centuries passed before ennobled them under the title, "Chilthe missionary forces of the Evangel- dren of the King," and presented them ical O1urch again entered Abyssinia. with costly apparel. He employed The laborers came again from Ger- them in the making of guns, the laymany, but they were sent by the great ing out of roads, the blowing up of British Church Missionary Society. rocks, and kept them so busy that they From r830 to 1843 these missionaries found no time for any missionary among whom we find Gobat, Isenberg, effort. Blumhardt, and Krapf, labored faithfully. The Bible was translated into Flad found this very difficult, and the Amharic and was printed in Malta, he prayed fervently that God might but disaster again befell the work. give him an opportunity to preach the Gobat, the most respected of the mis- Gospel. God answered his prayer sionaries, was forced by sickness to speedily. Flad had often mentioned return home, and the other mission- the Falashas in his letters to the aries were ordered out of the country friends in Europe. Thus the attention soon after. The Abuna did not favor of the London Jews' Society had been their work; Roman Catholic priests directed to these black Jews, and it engaged in intrigues against them; had been decided to send a missionary and on account of political difficulties among them. Heinrich Adolph Stern, Englishmen were hated. Thus the himself a Hebrew Christian, was the English Mission to Abyssinia was man chosen for the work, and when he closed for the time being. arrived in Abyssinia, Flad at once joined him. Thus was commenced But in the year r846 Gobat became missionary work among the Falashas, Bishop of Jerusalem (Church of Eng- the Jews of Abyssinia. The Negus land) and immediately he decided to and the Abuna put no obstacle in the attempt once more to bring the Gospel way of the missionaries, and the Gosto Abyssinia. He persuaded four lay pel was preached in all its fulness. brothers from St. Chrischona (Basel, The work was crowned with success, Switzerland), Flad, Bender, Maier, and many believed, but alas! had to and Kienzle, to start for that closed submit to baptism by Abyssinian country. All were good mechanics, priests and ]0111 the Abyssinian and Gobat recommended them heart- Church. The missionaries were lookily as such to his old friend Theodorus ing hopefully into the future, when II., who had ascended the throne of suddenly the work was destroyed. Abyssinia as Negus Negest (King of kings) in the meantime. Theodorus Theodorus became enraged against granted them permission to enter the England and France. Without warncountry as mechanics, and the Abuna ing, he imprisoned the English consul welcomed them, because they were and all the missionaries in the mounnot ordained, and gave them permis- tain fortress of Magdala. Great was sion to distribute and teach the Bible. their suffering. Frequently they were In the middle of the year r856 the threatened with death. Yet, amid four lay brothers reached Abyssinia, trial and suffering, they bore a full teswhere they were joined by two others, timony to those with whom they came

AND THE ,GOSPEL

in contact. At last Lord Napier ap- The Swedish Evangelical National proached Magdala. Theodorus, see- Society sent out its missionaries at ing that all was lost, released his first to the heathen Cunamas, a tribe prisoners. The next day Magdala on the borders of Abyssinia. The was taken, and Theodorus killed him- work, at first quite promising, had to self. Then Lord Napier withdrew, be abandoned on account of fever about Easter 1868, and left the un- among the laborers and political diffi- happy land to itself. What a pity that culties in the country. Then the faith- he withdrew, for since that day Abys- ful missionaries settled west of Mas- sinia proper has been closed to all saua in the small village of Eilet. A European messengers of the Gospel. few years later a school for native boys was opened at Monkullu, a little Flad, who is still living in South farther west from Massaua. Its first- Germany, attempted seven times to re- ling was Onesimus, a heathen Galla enter Abyssinia, but his reception be- slave, who was educated in Sweden came more unfavorable every time. and proved of great help in the mis- He was forbidden to settle in the coun- sionary work afterward. try and, worse than all, a storm of fiendish persecution broke loose The heat around Massaua was alagainst the Christian Falashas. Their most unbearable to these missionaries possessions were taken from them, from the north of Europe. Fever and their Bibles were torn to pieces, caused the death of victim after vicyet they remained faithful. And to- tim. Yet faithfully they remained upday the work among the Falashas goes on their post of duty fifteen long years, on in spite of persecution and oppres- fresh soldiers of the cross taking the sion. The few men converted through place of fallen ones at once, until at the instrumentality of Flad and Stern last they could enter the province of many years ago, continue to preach Eritrea, which had become an Italian the Gospel among the Falashas, and colony after bloody battles. At last souls are won to Christ, and the pre- they were on the borders of coveted, cious seed is sown, with increasing firmly closed Abyssinia and in the very enthusiasm, though almost in secret. mountains to which they had often looked with ardent desire. Three A new source of danger for this stations have been founded in the proprecious work seems to be in the fact vince of Hamasen, which touches that the Jews of Europe are beginning Tigre, the northern province of Abysto show some interest in the Christian sinia. Of these stations (Zazega, Be1work among the Falashas and propose lesa, 'and Asmara) Asmara is the to come to the help (?) of their Abys- most important, because the printingsinian brethren in their battle against house is located there and much Christhe teachings of Christianity. tian literature has come from its presses already. It is said that the 5. Work on the Borders of AbY$Sinia late Ras Makonnen ordered a copy of each product of these presses. Tho Abyssinia proper has been closed to European mIssIOnaries At first the Swedish missionaries (Protestant) since the year 1868, an- intended to work from within the other effort to reach its inhabitants Abyssinian Church, like Heyling, but from its borders has been going on during the last years.

the opposition of the priests forced The Swedish National Society has them to build churches and to organize on the borders of Abyssinia 10 stacongregations. They are aided by na- tions and out-stations; 34 missiontive helpers, whom they educated for aries, men and women; 32 native the work. The most prominent one workers; 15 schools; 356 scholars; a of these native helpers is Tajeleny, an hospital and dispensary; a printing- Abyssinian from the province of Am- house, and 566 professed Evangelical hara. He seems to enjoy the favor of Christians, of whom 252 are commuthe governor, and it is reported that nicants. the king said to him, "Be of good courage and fear not. None who West of Abyssinia, in Omdurman, highly esteems the Bible is hated in near the ruins of Khartoum, the mismy domain." sionaries of the British Church Mis- sionary Society have commenced the Tokens of a spiritual awakening in preaching of the Gospel, and the wonthe country reached by these Swedish derfully prosperous Egyptian Mission missionaries, part of which country of the United Presbyterian Church of belonged to Abyssinia until a few years America is reaching farther and farago, are numerous. From many ther south from Egypt. Surely, it places comes the news that Abys- looks to the observer as if siege is besinian Christians begin to search the ing laid to dark Abyssinia with its de- Bible, and in Schumanegos the Evan- cayed Christian Church by Christian gelicals, thrown out of the Church by forces which surround it almost in a the priests, have built a church of circle, and as if the time of its opentheir own. Among the Gallas, south ing unto these forces can not be far of Abyssinia, a few souls have been away. Sooner or later, it must come, won to Christ by pupils of the Swedish for the Lord has promised that the Missionaries in Eritrea. Gospel shall triumph.

THE MISSIONARY AND THE TURKISH EMPIRE BY REV. JOHN HENRY HOUSE, D.D., Missionary of the Anlerican Board, Turkey The work of the Christian mission- servation and, because of their subtilary is largely, tho by no means en- ity, neglected and despised by the tirely, within the spheres of religion careless observer. Now the difficulties and education. These spheres, how- in any effort to ameliorate the condiever, comprize a large and important . tions in the Balkan Peninsula are so part of human life. The historian of great that the student of the situation, any period of a nation's life can not I believe, will welcome any ray of light neglect to record the results which are that can be discovered in that direcbrought about by important move- tion. ments within these spheres, even tho One would suppose that the diplothe movements themselves have been mats would be at their wits' ends in slow and somewhat hidden from ob- trying to save the situation in Mace-

MISSIONARY AND THE TURKISH EMPIRE

donia. Politically, it seems continually accomplished along this line must be a to grow worse rather than better. distinct gain. I will confess to a thrill Within the last thirty years the states- of joy yesterday when a Moslem men of the six great European powers friend told me he was ordering his life have made strenuous efforts at bring- according to that rule of Christ.

ing about some solution of the prob- Racial Hatred lems which here confronted them. The The sorest evil here to-day is the ra- Russo-Turkish war ended in 1878 with cial hatred that everywhere prevails. It the St. Steffano Treaty. This was con- is not so much the hatred between Mos- sidered by Europe to be an unsatis- lem and nominal Christian, as between factory solution and was displaced by nominal Christians of different nation- the Treaty of Berlin. It was found alities, but of the same religious rite; inconvenient to carry out some articles Greek persecuting and killing Bulga- of this latter treaty and in conse- rian, and Bulgarian persecuting and quence, after about twenty-five years killing Greek; Servian arrayed against of comparative quiet in the Macedo- Bulgarian and Bulgarian against Ser- nian part of the Balkans, the sky again vian; Greek against Rumanian and became murky and the gathering Rumanian against Greek. Now all storm called out the Miirstey Program these different nationalities belong to of Reform. Then when this did not one religious body-the Greek Ortho- succeed there was added the Inter- dox Church. This racial hatred puts national Finance Commission, and a dark blot upon the Christian name now, latest of all, we hear of proposed in general and is entirely opposed to judicial reforms. Meanwhile, to the the teachings of Christ. Here certain- people of these regions, the situation ly is work for the true Christian mis- seems to grow worse rather than bet- sionary. He is the minister of the ter. It is not our desire now to criti- gospel of love. He preaches not only cize anything that has been or is being the duty of love to God but also the done in the political world, but sim- duty to love our brother man, of what- ply to call attention to the immense ever nationality he may be. He it is difficulties of the situation, so great that must proclaim the doctrine that that all must gladly hail any help true Christianity raises men into a which rrlay come from the religious higher brotherhood than that of com- and educational workers in this re- patriots.

gion, and the design of this article is The work of the missionary has not to state briefly what the American been an entire failure in this respect.

workers along these lines are doing. It has been his privilege to see Greek The missionary's work is a founda- and Bulgarian and Servian bow to- tion work-an effort to enthrone con- gether in prayer in the same church science in the hearts of men and and to join in the praise of God in women, and thus make Christ's golden different languages but with the same rule the rule of their lives. If this tune, and to regard each other as truly could be universally accomplished in brethren. And we believe that this these regions there is no one but be- doctrine is the only true solvent of all lieves the situation would be imme- the race hatreds which exist in this diately relieved, and whatever can be part of the world. We teach that all

men are created of one blood, with one ply impossible to continue the work.

Father and one Savior, who is mighty Sometimes we have been obliged to to remove all barriers of nationality or have the stamp of the provincial cen- race. sor upon every book, even if it has Weare ready to be perfectly honest been approved by the central govern- and confess that in these latest days ment. The colporteur is frequently even evangelical Christians of differ- stopt in his work and obliged to carry ent races in one place have of late his stock of books to the police station come to distrust each other. The ex- where they are sometimes kept for days citement of the times has become so and the colporteur himself is obliged to great that some sincere and good men, wait daily upon the police officials, al- like Barnabas of old, have been swept ways with the possibility of his being along with the tide into the maelstrom imprisoned on the suspicion that he of race hatred, but it is left to the mis- may be carrying something inimical to sionary to protest against this and to the government. Now in the face of hold up the true Christian ideal, and sl~ch difficulties as these it has been he must believe that in the end the necessary oftentimes for the mission- true Gospel of the unity of the races ary to simply brace himself up and in Christ must and will prevail. hope against hope while he urges on Then take another contribution of his men to be true and faithful to God the missionary to the final solving of and their high calling. There is one the burning questions of this region. such worker whom the writer places It is a part of his duty as a Christian in his own mind among the living leader to keep his pioneers out in every Christian heroes. He is not a man of part of the field. His pioneers are large mental gifts but a man of coura- the colporteurs who, in order that they geous faith in God, persevering with- may scatter the Scriptures and other out wavering in the line of duty, when good books, visit the most distant many would have felt themselves ex- towns and villages of the country. He cused from the formidable dangers reaches many places which he can and difficulties on every hand.

never visit himself if! this way. The Now, in the face of such a situation, devout and courageous men who thus is it not marvelous that we can quote travel over dangerous regions, with the following from the report of our the simple faith that God is with them, book work in 1906: "Our three col- and that He is able to save them from porteurs reported 90 cities, towns and the perils which surround them on villages visited, and about 1,650 miles every hand, are the pioneers of the traveled with sales of 1,642 volumes Christian press, and the missionaries of the whole or parts of Scripture and through that press, thus supported, 2,421 other books and tracts-a total have done and are doing an uplifting of 4,063 volumes in 17 different lan- work whose influence it is not easy to guages !" Who can ever estimate the estimate; and the providence of God uplifting influence of such a work as which has so signally favored this this upon the various population of work even in most perilous times has these regions, and can we call any been most wonderful. There have problem hopeless that can show such been times when it has seemed sim- elements in it?

Extent of Missionary Work at what they saw in that distant re- Our work is scattered over a dis- gion. A large congregation of evan- trict some 400 to 450 miles long gelical Christians, a thriving school and 100 to ISO miles broad; from Mi- and young men and young women, trovitzu in Bosnia in the northwest, preachers and teachers, who could con- to Sketchy (Xanthi) and Gurneer- verse with them in the English lan- tljina in the southeast, and scattered guage. The Turkish General, as well about in this region we have our as these Englishmen, was delighted to twelve village schools (and we could see the neat well-built houses in which have more if we only had the teachers these people lived. If they could have and the means), where the uplifting visited the studies of these preachers power of education is connected with they would have found small but select the sweetening power of religion. The libraries of English and Bulgarian character of these schools depends books where they could have spent largely upon the character of the profitable hours in reading if they had teachers. Here you have an example cared to do so.

of the stamp of some of these teachers. Our last educational enterprise is One of onr young women teachers (a seen here near the large and rapidly Bulgarian) was recently asked by growing city of Salonica. It is the another teacher in the Greek Catholic "Thessalonica Agricultural and Indus- schools, "why she was content to teach trial Institute." It is an attempt to as she did with such a small salary, counteract the tendency, unhappily when a teacher of her ability and ex- evident on every hand in this region, perience could get far more with of educating the village boy away from them." She replied: "You know that the agricultural and industrial life. The we do not teach for money but for the graduates of the various national gym- good we can do." This simple-hearted, nasia, of which there are many in all but bright-faced and happy disposi- this region, as a rule, despise labor tioned teacher we have just sent to with the hands and consequently the answer a call in a new region among village life. As the professions are the mountains of ancient Thrace, two oversupplied they are adding to the days' journey from the city of Sketchy sad woes of this unfortunate land the (Xanthi). What may one not expect educated proletariat. Thus it is that from these beacon lights in a land the village life is left in its backward filled with moral and spiritual dark- and semicivilized state, and the towns ness? are filled to overflowing with men who While the writer was engaged ill are unwilling to engage in manual and bringing about, in connection with productive labor, while they are not others, the release of Miss Stone in unwilling to fill the wine-shops and the depths of the Rilo mountains of cafes and lead a lazy or a boisterous the Rhodope range, three English life according to circumstances. A newspaper correspondents who had prime minister of Bulgaria told me followed us to those wilds, and who, some years since that they would have I have good reason to believe, had no 400 graduates of their gymnasia that prejudice in favor of missionary work, year and they did not know what they exprest themselves as greatly amazed were to do with them. "They come

knocking at our doors," he said, "seek- teach, besides the usual school studies, ing for office and our offices are full. agriculture, gardening, horticulture, Such men make trouble for the silk culture, carpentry, and building, government. We never have trouble with the hope of adding other trades from the artizan. He works hard dur- when means shall be found to do so. ing the day and sleeps well at night, Christian ideals are always kept bebut these students are in the cafes stir- fore the boys. The change which we ring up discontent and trouble while see in our boys after two or three the artizan sleeps." Now it is to rem- years in our school gives us great edy this evil that the missionaries have hope for the future of this enterprise. established this school with its five The school is interdenominational years' course of study. A half a day and meant for any or all nationalities, is spent in the schoolroom and the the unifying language being the Engother half on the farm or in the shops. lish, while it is expected that we sh:11l It contemplates giving village boys be able to give a good education to a good all-round education of the each in his own tongue. May we not heart, hand, and mind, which will also hope that this enterprise is a real bring to this country what it has not . and practical effort toward the salunow, the ideal village life. Here we tion of the vexed "Eastern Question?"

THE CHATTANOOGA CONFERENCE THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT BY DAVID K. LAMBUTH, NEW YORK The Christian world gives about sectional nor denominational in spirit. twenty-two millions of dollars annu- In the breadth of its resources lies its ally to foreign missions. America and peculiar greatness. Great Britain together give about eighteen and a half millions, leaving From April 2I to 23 a Conference something over three millions for the was held in Chattanooga, Tennessee. rest of the so-called Christian world. Eleven hundred delegates of the The evangelization of the nations rests Southern Methodist Church organized upon the shoulders of Anglo-Saxon themselves into a Laymen's Mission- Christianity. The task is great, and ary Movement. Gathered from all in view of it nothing is of more sig- parts of the Southern States and even nificance than the determination of from the Pacific coast, these men rep- Christian laymen to make the enter- resented all the enterprises and proprise of missions a business matter. fessions of the aggressive South, and The evangelization of the world can they were manifestly in earnest in their not be accomplished until business determination to put the missionary men's methods and business men's enterprise upon their consciences and money are consecrated to it. Altho to execute it with businesslike energy. less than two years old the Laymen's They recognized the responsibility of Missionary Movement has spread well their Church to carry the Gospel to over the whole country. It is practi- 40,000,000 of the unchristian world, cal and it is powerful. It is neither and voted to raise the sum of $3,000,- 000 annually to support 1,600 mission-

CHATTANOOGA CONFERENCE

aries in the prosecution of this work. work on the foreign fields, does not They elected an executive committee, in any wise subtract from the essen- of which the secretary of the General tially undenominational character of Board of Missions of the Church is an the movement. In the face of the fun- ex-officio member. Mr. John R. Pep- damental unity of all churches in the per, of Memphis, Tennessee, member activities of foreign missions nothing of the General Committee of the Lay- less than the broadest sympathies are men's Missionary Movement in this possible. Denominational lines sepa- country, and of the International Sun- rate the organizations, but not the pur- day-school Committee, was made pose and spirit. Thus the entire coun- president, and provision was made for try puts itself on record. Missions a secretary and an aggressive cam- have been played at long enough.

paign of organization and education, There is tremendous power and in- and a budget of 15,000 dollars was spiration in the united movement of raised for the expenses of the next Christian laymen, expressing itself in two years. Plans are being perfected this national fashion.

for the direct education of the 50C>,- The Conference at Chattanooga was 000 laymen of the Church on the needs opened by an address from the Hon.

and responsibility of missions. A J ames Bryce, Ambassador from Great Medical Missionary Society was or- Britain. Before an audience of 4,000 ganized for the purpose of interesting people he gave a notable expression of the 10,000 physicians of the denomina- the broadness of Christian statesman- tion in medical missions, and a cam- ship. He declared that the inexorable paign was begun for the enrolment mission of Christian nations was to of an Emergency Corps of IO,O::X) men preserve and elevate the unchristian who pledge themselves to respond to peoples with which they were thrown sudden calls for money to meet press- in contact. Our duty did not end with ing demands upon the foreign fields. missionary subscriptions, nor with the This is business, and energetic busi- gathering of congregations alone, but ness, in missions. The work of the demanded of us that we infuse into Church has too long been left to the every phase of national life the spirit clergy and to women. It was a nota- of Christianity, and strengthen the ble fact at Chattanooga that it was hands of Christian governments in necessary to restrain the enthusiasm their dealings with savage or semi-civ- of many who insisted that in view of ilized races. Nations like individuals the needs the provision made was too are bound to impart the truth with small. "If we as business men are to which they are in trust. The ends of undertake this enterprise," they said, the highest statesmanship are really "we must do it in a really adequate coincident with those of missions.

way." Since the white man has forced him- The fact that for the conservation self upon the rest of the world he is of power the laymen will work morally responsible for the conse- through regular denomination:;l chan- quences of this contact. It is unfor- nels and supply motive power and re- tunately too true that he carries evil sources to the established boards as well as good. He defrauds and rather than attempt to administer the abuses, he traffics in liquor, he con-

taminates with his vices, he breaks seeking an intangible something which down ofttimes what moral force there they have not yet found. Just here is was in the customs and religions of the opportunity for Christian missions the uncivilized peoples. And no nation in the largest sense. The influence can escape the duty which these facts which Christianity may come to exert bring upon it. The very laws of jus- upon the social and political forces of tice demand that we reflect in our in- the Orient will affect international desternational relations the commission tinies. which Christ laid upon us of teaching all the world. Such was the gist of Dr. S. H. Wainwright, twenty years the Ambassador's remarks. a missionary in Japan, brought out startlingly her perilous position. She The day for caviling at missions is has won a place among the powers. passed. The testimony of such a She has planned and executed a great statesman and scholar as Mr. Bryce campaign. She has begun a career of is of the utmost importance, not that industrial progress and a commercial it is needed to prove the validity of advance upon the continent of Asia. Christian missions, but that it indi- But it is not yet settled whether cates a new era of international rela- Japan has the inherent power and wistions. The principles of missions have dom to fulfil the promise she has made. become a vital factor in the world movements of the day. Possibly the During its three days of session the most striking feature of the conference Conference was also addrest by Hon. to a student of social developments S. B. Capen of Boston, Dr. Josiah were the signs of the change in the Strong and Mr. J. Campbell White, of scope of the missionary enterprise. In New York. the past few years, particularly in Asia, there has been a marked en- Dr. Strong, in his presentation of largem<>nt of the field of Christian in- the problem of the city, pointed out fluence and a corresponding enlarge- that in our attempt to free our instiment in the conceptions of missionary tutions from the corrupt domination leaders. There is a different tone. which is throttling American cities, the Looking beyond the evangelization of South, because of its greater homothe individual alone, missionary activ- geneity and its less aggravated urban ity has become a factor in molding na- conditions must be looked 10 as a tionallife. The peoples of the East are source of strength and progress. It making great strides in self-conscious- is unnecessary to emphasize the fact ness. National policies are taking that the active Christianity and the shape. The material civilization of the broad view which characterize the Lay- West is being copied, but there is a men's Missionary Movement must ingrowing sense on the part of think- evitably express themselves in applying ing men that something more potent Christian principles to our own nathan forms is needed to make the na- tional life just as practically <cnd effitions of Asia self-sustaining. They ciently as abroad. There is no genmay not know altogether what that uineness in a missionary spirit that is, but it is increasingly apparent to does not do that. the impartial observer that they are The Conference was addrest, in ad- dition, by prominent laymen and min- isters of the Southern Methodist

I9Q8] A CHRISTIAN ZULU CHIEF

Church. There is no movement in the country, regardless of denomination, country with so large a promise as are being brought nearer together than this great enterprise. There is power ever before in the accomplishment of in it and money behind it for world this great purpose. Another forward evangelization, and it means, further- step has been taken in the progress of more, that business men over the whole missions.

A CHRISTIAN ZULU CHIEF BY REV. W. C. WILCOX, IFAFA, SOUTH AFRICA The number of Zulu chiefs who the other day, which is the best I have become true Christians is so know, that has been built entirely by small that it is a noteworthy thing the natives themselves. He said it when one such is found. As a rule cost $750; but that is besides the work they can not read or write, and de- which the people gave, for it would spise all the ways of civilization. When have cost twice as much. The walls they have been taught and civilized, are of concrete smoothly plastered; before they become chiefs, they gen- inside they are nicely tinted and overeral1y go back to heathenism after they come into power. Dinizulu, son THE CHRISTIAN ZULU, CHIEF, NDUNGE of Cetewayo, King of the Zulus, was taught when in exile at St. Helena, head the ceiling is neatly varnished. but he is scarcely different from other The roof is of galvanized iron and on heathen ch iefs now. Another chief of three sides is a spacious veranda one of the largest Zulu tribes in Natal which serves for an overflow congrewent to America and spent several gation which can hear through the years in school there, but now he can open windows. hardly be uistinguished from other heathen. But a remarkable exception At the back are two cozy rooms is Ndunge, chief of Ama Qwabi near which can serve for vestry or class- U mzumbi. He was converter! before he became chief and was taught in our evangelist's ' training-school at Amanzimtoti. He has never given up his religion nor the ways of civilization. He is an active Christian, industrious and frugal and in company with his people has bought a farm and built a brick house good enough for any civilized farmer. He has always had a school and church on the farm, and when there is no preacher or missionary from the mission station he himself conducts the services. He has just finished a new chapel, dedicated,

THE ZULU CONGREGATION AT THE CHURCH BUILT BY A ZULU CHIEF rooms or, as Ndunge said, for the and he said, "0 God, as we are offer- "missionaries." There is no steeple, it ing this house up to Thee, Thou art looks more like a dwelling-house, but answering as Thou didst of old, with as steeples are useless ornaments in a voice from heaven and sending a this country, bells not being hung in shower of blessing upon the roof," them, I am glad he had the good sense and all the people said, "Amen." not to go to the needless expense. N clunge worked with his own hands, In the remarks which N dunge pounding stone for the concrete till macle, it appeared that the house was they were maimed and his people not built by him as chief, but by all begged him to stop. Think of that! the people as the house of God. He i Zulu chief, of the class who de- praised the efforts of the women, most spise all sorts of labor, doing a work of whom were from the kraals and to which is chiefly done by convicts in whom a shilling is a rarer thing than this country! He sets a good example a gold eagle to most white people in for some of our native preachers and comfortable circumstances. They even missionaries, who are all too gave $1.25 apiece, besides their work. quick to think they can not work with their hands any more because they are This is one of many examples which preachers. may be shown in this land of what can be done by voluntary contributions. In the dedication prayer offered by It is certainly the ideal way to ad- Sivetshe, one of our native ministers, vance the kingdom. But the plan as he was praying, there was a fright- which is now being pursued on our ful crash of thunder, and the rain mission reserves of compelling the poured down upon the iron roof with people to pay rents for an educational a deafening roar. But the good man fund is anything but ideal. Instead was not disturbed. He took it rather of being glad to do it, as Ndunge's as an answering voice from on high, people were, it makes them bitter against us missionaries.

CONTINUED REVIVAL IN

IlY REV. HENRY MANSELL, D.D.

The Editor of The Indian Witness, protest and plea for Anglo-vernacular quoting from a writer who is in need school work, which convinced me that of a "Science of Missions," ventures all kinds of teaching that might open the remark that it would pay the so- the eyes of the people to see Christ's cieties in Great Britain a hundred- love, and all work that might open fold to unite in the support of a chair their hearts to receive the Gospel mesof missions to be held in one of the sage, was worthy to be said and done. universities and reduce to a science all The wise men who composed the the lessons learned in the nineteen committee that closed the schools and centuries of missionary activity, and the English work mentioned above prevent all the waste of effort that might make any amount of michief in seems thrown away in trying one missionary work, for nearly all the nonmethod after another of missionary Christian countries have problems of work. One of Bishop Thoburn's their own that no professor in any unimost popular books is "My Mission- versity in Europe or America can solve. ary Apprenticeship," in which he There are many languages and diafrankly confesses that he made many lects in southern and eastern Asia, and mistakes. Most missionaries do make it has always been an accepted theory many mistakes, but we who were as- with all missionary boards that every sociated with him in his making and mIssIonary going to a country where correcting mistakes look on his mis- a foreign language is spoken should sion work as just as successful when give his first attention to acquiring a he was blundering as when correcting colloquial use of the vernacular. His blunders. Every kind of missionary Honor, Sir William Muir, once said to work in every country has been criti- me that, after acquiring the vernacucized and condemned or commended lar, if our missionaries loved lanat one time or another, and yet it is guage, and were called to write books certain that every kind of mission for the growing Christian Church, we work done for non-Christians or nom- should not try to make ourselves masinal Christians, in Christ's name and ters of all the classical languages of for His glory, has received His bless- India, but do as he and his brother ing and prospered, whether the doer Jolm had done, one take the line of knew or did not know of its success. the Urdu, Persian, Arabic, and He- Just before the writer came to In- brew, and another the Hindi, Pali, dia, forty-five years ago, the Ameri- Latin, Greek and Sanskrit. But no can Board of Foreign Missions had professor of missionary science would sent out a committee to investigate be able to tell which one would be their work in India with power to better fitted for either line of language. act and this committee had just closed Missionary boards have generally all Anglo-vernacular schools and for- been level-headed enough not to send bidden pastoral work to be done for any cranks to the foreign fields, and English people and to preach only to it is to be hoped that they will conthe heathen. So the first book that tinue to use their common sense. fell into my hands was Mr. Wilder's Some cranks have come to India as

free-lances and have been supported to the writer it seems better to give by other cranks at home and have, up theorizing and, as most successful most of them, done very poor work missionaries do, to first and foremost which has not remained. begin to save souls and build them up Rev. Dr. Weitbrecht, in the last into Christ and with that work. study Indian Witness, writes heartily favor- language, customs, and theories as he ing the chair of missions. He thinks may find leisure.

something has been done in reducing The best that could be done has to a science what has already been been done and is being done by all written in books, pamphlets, reports, the great missionary societies in Eu- criticisms, etc. The editor of The In- rope and America, where they select dian Witness says of Dr. Price's arti- young men and women of good cle on the question of self-support sense, quick perception, good morals, what may be truly said of every mis- good health, well educated and sound- sionary question concerning social, re- ly converted, and send them out to ligious, and other problems in the the various mission fields to learn the East. Their solution by degrees, by language of the people, study their experience in localities, based on con- habits, modes of thought and religions, siderations gathered from wider ex- and show by intense love and sympa- perience: "We do well to remember thy that Christianity is the best re- the facts that justify this statement." ligion and Christ the best and only This problem varies greatly with the true example to follow. So the sci- conditions in different countries, in ence of missions will be a good book different parts of the same country to write for those who want to write and at different stages of development an additional scientific book or to crit- of the Christian community. It varies icize the book that may be written'

from Korea to Japan, China and the on it. But "a more excellent way"

Philippines, the Straits Settlements, has been found to advance the mis- Burma, and most parts of India. It sionary cause through all the world, is one question in large Christian that is, to pray for the continued and communities and another in small. It continual revival that now prevails in is one question with the village Chris- so many parts of the world, especially tian of the rural class, it is another the non-Christian parts of the world.

with his grandchild who may have According to this Scripture, "more graduated from college. things are wrought by prayer than Other considerations also affect this world dreams of."

this problem. The many nationali- For some years the week of prayer ties in southern and eastern Asia have for mISSions, called first by the so many languages and dialects, sainted India missionary, Dr. Morri- modes of thought and varieties of son, has been called for by all the manners and customs, that the uni- leading missionaries of India, headed versity professor would find it diffi- by the metropolitan bishop, and now cult, nay almost impossible, in a life- for three or four years special prayers time to solve all the problems and have been called for by all the mis- reduce to system all the requirements sions for the revival of God's work of the foreign missionary work. So in the churches and missions of India,

CONTINUED REVIVAL IN INDIA

the deepening of the spiritual life of young people, especially girls, to pray, believers, and the conversion of the repent and confess their sins. They non-Christians in India. The Chris- soon found pardon, peace, and holy tian world has been mightily moved joy, so they could witness for God by the Holy Spirit to pray for revival and exhort, and "the testimony of power throughout the world and Jesus was the spirit of prophecy." It thus the revival broke out in Wales was the children who were the lead- and came to the Khassia Hills and ers, as led by the Spirit. Men and through many missions here to stay women missionaries and teachers and to increase. Long before this, were led to look on and could only when (California) Taylor, the evan- say, "It is wonderful." Now more .gelist, was invited to come to India, than two years have passed only to nearly forty years ago, constant see the work of revival deepening and prayer was offered for him that a broadening.

mighty revival might result from his The revivals have reached out far- preaching. The prayer was answered, ther at every wave. Lately they have nominal Christians were made real occurred among non-Christians. Hin- and spiritual, and our church was du girls have collected money and revived, became an evangelistic, re- bought Christian tracts and Gospels, vival church and has been growing and given them to idolaters, and better ever since. preached to them Jesus and thus has The revival in Wales was the direct been illustrated and exemplified the answer to prayer inspired by the Holy last call of Christ to the unconverted: Spirit given to the young people of "Let him that heareth say come."

the Sunday-schools, Christian En- There are increasing numbers of deavor, the Epworth League, and young men joining the Students V01- Student Volunteer societies, and the unteer Movement and young men of prayer and faith of the whole Church education and ability are willing to in all countries and Christian de- give up the chances of better secular nominations. It spread through Eng- employment, and consecrate them- land and many places on the Con- selves to the service of the Master and tinent, to the Welsh settlements in hold themselves ready for His South America, to the Welsh mission work. All the missions of northern in the Khassia Hills in India, and India are increasing in the number of from there to all the missions in In- converts by thousands this year, and dia, where the Spirit was poured all praying with increasing faith for abundantly upon Christian schools and the greater general revival and ex- orphanages, leading children and pecting it to come.

THE S. P. G. HOUSE IN

BY MISS J. QUIGLEY, LONDON, ENGLAND An event of great importance in Bishop Montgomery, Secretary of the history of missions was the dedi- the Society, read a telegram of con- cation on April 9, of the new head- gratulation from the American Board quarters of the Society for the Propa- of Missions, and said that the only gation of the Gospel. The service approach to luxury in the new house was conducted by its president, the was the oak paneling of the Board Archisbishop of Canterbury, assisted room, a gi't from the American by the Bishop of London. In the new Church. A debt of f820 still re- house in Tufton street, Westminister, mains and of this amount fIlO was the Society will be able to develop subscribed by those present at the its work in a way that was practically service.

impossible at 19 Delahay street. The The house consists of a basement new departments which have sprung and ground floor above which are up during recent years-such as the four stories. On the ground floor are Children's Branch, Laymen's Mis- the publications' and treasurers' de- sionary Association, Braille, an in- partments and the home organization creased library and publications de- secretaries' offices. Above that are the partment-have been sadly handi- chapel, Board room, the head secre- capped by want of space. The new tary's and the lay secretary's offices.

house is practically in readiness for On the second floor are offices of the the forthcoming Pan-Anglican Con- children's department and the library, gress and Lambeth Conference, which and the third floor is given up to the will bring friends of the Society from Women's Work department. The top all parts of the earth. story includes a missionaries' room, or The service of dedication was most prophets' chamber, which was in ex- simple and impressive. Led by the istence and kept up at private expense Archbishop and Bishop, the mem- at 19 Delahay street until the last few bers of the Society walked through years when the room had to be uti- the house 111 procession, recltmg lized as an office. A new department Psalms 46, 47 and 48. The Arch- will be opened a" soon as possible for bishop offered prayer on each floor medical work and the valuable curios and blessed special gifts in the chapel, -used for exhibitions-which have where a short service was held. In a been stored elsewhere, may now be brief address he said that the site accommodated at headquarters. The chosen, near the Abbey and the chapel is very simply arranged, and Church House, had been sacred from it is hoped that gifts will be forthcom- time immemorial, if tradition spoke ing to supply many requisites for that truly. He described the S. P. G. as a and other parts of the building. The Society or brotherhood of men and cost of this great undertaking, inclu- women which had for more than two ding site is, roughly speaking, about hundred years been allowed the splen- £38,000 ($19°,000), none of which did task of extending among men the has been taken from the SUbscriptions world over the kingdom of our Lord given for the regular work of the So- and Savior Jesus Christ." ciety. With a view to even greater

CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN JAPAN

extension of work, an adjoining piece 748,000 pictorial post-cards have been of ground has been secured at a sat- issued. About 60,000 letters are reisfactory rate, an opportunity that ceived annually, not including the might not recur in this much sought- immense number received for redirecafter part of London. tion. The women's department re- ceives quantlttes of clothing and Those who are inclined to think the needlework for export which they new building too commodious for the pack and send out winter by winter Society's work, which they think may to the mission stations. The chapel be done in small offices, have no idea is naturally the central point of the of the actual output of work. Since whole work. Here, every morning, several magazines, including East the whole staff assembles for a brief and West, and Church Abroad, have service, conducted by Bishop Montbeen added to the list of publications, gomery, before beginning the day's the work of one department alone has work, and here the missionaries come increased enormously. Millions of to be dismissed by solemn service becopies have to be stored and packed fore they leave for some distant post on the premises (upward of 5,000,000 abroad. Prayers are held daily at copies of Church Abroad are sent out twelve, and those who can leave their annually). About 10,000 missionary work meet in the chapel. boxes are sent out every year, and CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN JAPAN BY REV. H. LOOMIS, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN The coming of so many representa- suit is not yet apparent, and also a tives of Christianity from different decided increase in the number, as countries to the Young Men's Chris- well as aggressive power of the Christian Association Conference, and the tians. Evangelism has become a defvisit of General Booth, awakened a inite and successful agency for the quite general interest in Christianity propagation of the Gospel, and bein Japan during the past year. The lievers everywhere are waking up to result has naturally beeh an increas- feel a responsibility for the salvation ing desire to possess a copy of the of those who as yet have no knowl- Bible and to understand its teachings. edge of God. With many this has been a matter of curiosity; with others there has been The number of adult baptisms in a conviction, more or less deep, that the Protestant churches during 19Q/5 Christianity is the one true religion, was 6,465-an increase of over fortyand alone adapted to satisfy the deep six per cent, as compared with 1905. hunger of the soul. The number of baptisms in 1907 was still greater. The reports are not As conditions have differed, results yet complete. Rev. Dr. Davis says, have been various. There has been "There is a greater readiness to listen much of seed-sowing of which the re- to the Gospel and accept Christ, es-

pecially among young men, than has to them that he fully endorsed their been known for years." plans, and added, "It is my hope to One of the missionaries is sending give all possible assistance toward the out every month 2,000 copies of a moral betterment of the conditions sheet for the assistance of those who under which the students live; and as are engaged in Bible study. It is I understand this is also the ideal of estimated that more than a million of your Young Men's Christian Associa- the people of Japan, while not yet pro- tion, I shall be glad to do all in my fest Christians, are taking the Bible as power to further it." To the young their guide. men of Japan he has sent this mes- Attitude of a Leading State.man sage: "Young men, read your Bibles. Follow the life of Christ. His teach- A remarkable testimony to the ing is not out of date." The largest power of Christianity is furnished in Bible class in Japan is in connection the request from Prince Ito, who, as with this school and numbers about Governor-General of Korea, has sent two hundred and fifty.

a request for missionaries to work An important and significant devel- among his people who have become opment of opportunities for good is residents of that country: It has been the supplying of the American college reported that before the edicts against graduates to teach English in the J ap- Christianity were removed he supplied anese Government schools. The re- funds for the circulation of the Bible; quest came unsought to the secretaries and a donation of IO,OOO yen was of the International Committee in made by him for the expenses of the Japan, and they have taken special recent Y. M. C. A. Conference. It pains to secure men who unite Chris- is one of the glorious and marked re- tian character with teaching ability.

sults of the war that the religion of The demand for such teachers has the Bible has secured and retains a grown until now there are twenty- popularity among all the Japanese that three who are thus employed. Their it never had before. The result is earnestness and sympathy, as well as inevitable that God's Word is going ability, have won the confidence and to be more and more sought for and esteem of the pupils and their asso- studied. ciate teachers, so as to give them a One of the ablest and most influen- large and valuable sphere of influence.

tial men in Japan is Count Okuma. There is no hindrance to their teach- As the founder of one of the largest ing Bible classes and doing other and most important educational insti- Christian work out of school hours.

tutions in the country, as well as the The result is the instruction of large leader of a great party, his opinions numbers of those students in the have great weight. As he advances truths of the Bible, and also breaking in years he is becoming more and down prejudice. The value of such more allied with the Christian move- work may be realized in part when we ment, and is giving his influence, as learn that during the year 1906-7 the well as means to help it forward. fifty-three Bible classes taught by In an interview with some repre- them hac! an enrolment of 1,270, and sentatives of the Y. M. C. A. he said an average attendance of 646; of

CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN JAPAN 45

whom 67 received baptism, and there At one time two hundred and fifty are 178 inquirers. signed cards expressing their desire to be Christians. A church has been or- Chinese and Korean Students ganized with sixty members, and twenty more are being instructed preparatory to The presence of such a large num- baptism. ber of Chinese students in Japan presents a very serious and interesting There are about 500 Korean stuproblem. One of the best authorities dents in Tokyo, of whom fifty are supin China, Dr. Arthur Smith, has said, ported by the Korean Government "There is an opportunity of doing and the rest of their families or themmore for China to-day in one year in selves. The superintendent who is Tokyo than all the missionaries have employed by the Korean Government been able to do in China during a cen- is a strong Christian man, and is lendtury." Bishop Bashford says, "The ing his assistance and influence to the fact that they are away from the Korean Young Men's Christian Aspagan environment and influences of sociation. They are exposed to great their home lives, that they are at a temptation, and at the same time afturning-point in 1ife, and that they have gone to Japan with their minds open ford a: splendid opportunity for evanto Western' ideas, and therefore peculiarly open also to the faith of gelical effort. Western nations, and the fact that A Christian Korean has been sethese young men comprise the future leaders of the empire-all unite to cured to work among them; and has make the work among the Chinese met with much success. When he students in Tokyo superior to any other single piece of evangelistic work first came in November, 1906, there in the Chinese empire to-day." were but six Christians in the whole In an account of this work, ]. M. number; but with such energy and Clinton of the Y. M. C. A. says: faith has he worked that there is now a permanent Bible class of more than These young men represent the best 120 earnest believers as the result of classes of China. They come from every the evangelistic meetings held just beprovince and from families of every sta- fore and during the Federation Contion in life; with ambitions of the low- ference. est and the highest standards, but each with a fire burning within him for China. There are also in Tokyo some thirty Hence the political, educational, social Filipinos and about the same number and religious life of new China hangs on from India who have come to Japan what use these men are to make of their for the purpose of study. Both future. They are the men who are to groups have had more or less of return to their native land to become Christian teaching, and a few are China's leaders in every phase of her earnest Christians. Others are anxlife. Surely the influence which these ious to study more along that line. students are to exert upon China can not They too are being helped to a be overestimated. Some 450 to 650 have knowledge of God and the way of life been enrolled as members of the evening by being taught the Bible. Such are educational classes and 200 as members of some of the wonderful opportunities the Young Men's Christian Association. afforded here in ] apan for the exten- sion of the Redeemer's Kingdom.

A SOUTHERNER ON COLORED EVANGELIZATION *

BY HON. W. CALVIN WELLS, JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI My opportunities for studying the awaken our pity, our commiseration, negro question have been superior to and they are those whom we should those of most men, my experience and Christianize and elevate. The physi- observation having covered a period cian, when called to see a patient, first of more than fifty years. I was a diagnoses his case, and his greatest slave owner, was reared on a planta- skill is required in doing so. The tion where my father owned three or skill of the lawyer is most earnestly four score of slaves, everyone of called into exercise when he underwhom I knew intimately, and during takes to learn all the facts and tht the Confederate War, I wa·s attended law of his case. So in considering by a negro from that plantation as a the question, what shall we do for his body servant, who was three times betterment, we should first consider captured by the Federal army, and as his real condition, what was he when many times deserted it to return to set free, what has been the result of me. He shared the dangers of war his own efforts and that of his white with me, cared for me when sick, and friends in that time.

carried me back to my father and The Real Condition of the Negro mother just before the surrender, a physical wreck. . But for his care I The negro has practically been free would most likely have died. for forty-two years. He was a slave In 1871 I began practicing law and in his own country, to a large extent, when brought here and sold to the during the days of Reconstruction, I slave owner. He started even with sometimes had a negro for a judge, the white man five thousand years sometimes as juryman, often as client ago, and when he was seized or bought and witness. Except as judges and jurymen, this has continued down to in Africa and brought here, he was this day. During most all of these then on a par in civilization with those years, I have had the negroes as serv- he left behind. When he was emanci- ants, as tenants on several plantations pated in 1865, he was then infinitely and as laborers. more civilized and Christianized than his brothers he left in Africa. On mv With these opportunities, I have father's plantation, the Ten Com'- studied the negro with an earnest de- sire to know his real condition, what mandments were the law, and a viola- would Christianize and elevate him, tion of anyone of them brought a and at the same time preserve the reprimand, and sometimes punish- rights of the white people who come ment. Many of them belonged to the in contact with him. In dl of this I Presbyterian Church, and while they have never forgotten my indebtedness were not compelled to attend services, to him, and have never hated him. they were permitted to do so, and The negro of which I write is the many of them took advantage of it.

common negro-which means ninety As soon as free, they broke up their per cent or more of the race. I have families, isolated themselves from the nothing to say of the other ten per religious influence of the white race, cent represented by our own greatly established their own churches, had admired and much loved Sheppard, or their own preachers, and absolutely Booker Washington and his confreres. declined to hear a white man preach They constitute so small a part of the the Gospel. race that I do not now consider them. The white people of this Southland The vast masses of illiterate, degraded have spent millions of dollars in try- negroes who live on the plantations or ing to educate him. He had the same in the slums of the city, these should opportunities to better his condition.

* From The Christian Observer. financially, morally, and intellectually, feel the strength of the white man's that a poor white man had (and at arm if they undertake to assault her. that time the white men were all The number of illegitimates are im- poor), and yet the result I now an- mense, and bigamy or concubinage is a nounce, without the slightest fear of common thing. The pilfering and contradiction, the negro is worse than stealing is so common everybody exhe was forty-two years ago. Practi- pects it.

cally, they are as poor as they were Not only is he worse in morals, but then. In the comforts of life they he is more slothful and lazy than he have but little more than they had has ever been. The country practi- then. There are a few exceptions. cally belongs to the white people, and When the negroes had been free twen- the negro is tolerated because he is ty-five years, I asked one of my wanted as a laborer, and when he father's old slaves how many of those ceases to labor, then he is not wanted. who had belonged to him had then, I can produce now hundreds, yea, twenty-five years after freedom, bet- thousands, perhaps tens of thousands ter houses to live in, better clothes to who will say what I now assert, that wear, better food to eat, and better the negro is a poorer laborer than he medical attention when sick, and he was even five years ago, and growing promptly answered, "Not one." . worse every year.

Intellectually, there is practically no The antagonism of the races has improvement. True, some of them can been intensified during the past few read and write a little, but they are years. If things go on in the future in abject ignorance. as they have gone in the past, before two decades there will be a war of How about the morals? About races that will astound the world. We seventy-five per cent of those above stand on the brink of a volcano, which twelve years of age are members of is likely to break forth at any time. the church, and yet they have the very poorest conception of morals, and Our Duty to the Negro worse practise of what they do know.

This includes a large number of their Such being his condition, what are preachers. I could tell of the most we to do? Educating his mind has harrowing, disgusting, degrading not bettered him. The resources he things of their preachers, that I have has himself used have not elevated learned in the practise of my profes- him. His church and religious privi- sion. I do not say that all of their leges have not advanced him. Shall preachers are immoral, but there are we go on in the same way, and hope very many of our people who believe for better things? If, in forty-two they are. The blind leading the blind, years, he has not been elevated and is the history of the race. bettered by the means and processes Fifteen or twenty years ago, and used, how can we hope that the future prior to that time, we never heard of will bring us anything different.

a negro committing an assault on a What then is the remedy? The Bi- white woman. And now you scarcely ble and the grace of God are the only read a paper that you do not read of remedies I can see, and I believe they such occurrences. Time was when we are the only remedies. There is a would place our white women under growing sentiment among whites that the protection of negroes. Now, we the negro has no soul. The answer is, dare not leave them where a white that we have the same evidences that man's strong arm and brave heart can a negro has a soul, as we have that not protect them. I do not mean to the white man has a soul. While the say that every white woman has to vast masses of them are fearfully de- have a white man stand by her with generate, we all know that some have a drawn pistol, but she has to be given abundant evidence of souls where brutes will know that they will saved, I will not discuss this. The

negro has not only a soul, but the sal- our Baptist brethren with their ten vation of that soul is, to a large ex- thousand ministers, and the Method- tent, placed upon us. ists with a. stil1 larger number, should The Committee on Colored Evan- give even as little as one sermon a gelization, appointed by the General month, the tendency upward, in my Assembly (Southern), reported as to judgment, would practically begin at what was the duty of our people to- once.

ward the negro. Those resolutions Central Mississippi Presbytery en- read as follows: joined upon its ministers to preach at Your committee further recommends least once a week to the colored peo- that the General Assembly request all ple, and I wish the General Assembly the ministers of our Church to preach would do the same.

the Gospel to the colored people, and The next thing enjoined by our Genthat, unless prevented by the providence of God, they preach at least one sermon eral Assembly, is the formation of a month to the colored people within Bible schools for the negro preachers, their bounds. to be carried on by our ministers. The negro preacher is the influential man Your committee further recommends that our ministers conveniently residing near· each other organize and conduct with that race. What he recommends at convenient places within their bounds, generally goes just as he directs it. unless prevented· by the providence of Some of them are good men, many of God, institutes of theology or schools of them extremely immoral. But what- Bible training, and invite thereto the colored ministers within their bounds, ever they are, if our ministers would teach them the truths of the Bible, it and teach to them the great truths of would make them better and give them the Gospel. some knowledge to carry their peo- Your committee further recommends that a svstematic distribution be made of our literature to the colored people ple. If this were done all over this through our Church sessions at their Southland, a great good·would be acrequest especially that relating to our complished. If all the white ministers international lessons.

These resolutions were unanimously would do this, a brighter day would adopted. Three things were enjoined soon dawn on us. upon our people. Again, our Assembly enjoins on the I. That our ministers preach to the officers of our churches the distribunegroes at least once a month. tion of our religious literature among the negroes. The history of the evan- 2. That our ministers form Bible gelization of the world gives numerous schools and teach the negro preachers. instances of a tract, or a part of the Bible, being the instrument of bring- 3. That the officers of our churches ing souls to Christ. In almost every distribute religious literature among negro family, there is some one who them. can read, and when this literature gets into the family, the reader wiII have as The Bible has been the only instru- listeners the remainder of the family. ment that has elevated and Christian- God only knows the good that can be ized the human race. It wiII be suf- done in this way. They are sadly in ficient with the negro, if we can only need of Bibles, and if the Christian get its principles instilled into him. people of this Southland would exer- We are taught, and it is true, that cise themselves, and take advantage of "The spirit of God maketh the read- the opportunity of doing good in this ing, but especial1y the preaching of the way, another impetus would be given Word, an effectual means of convin- toward the elevation of the race. cing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and com- The Difficulties of this Work fort, through faith unto salvation." What an immense power for good it wiII be if our fifteen hundred preach- I propose now to enumerate some of ers would even give one sermon a the difficulties in the way of carrying month to the negroes. And then if out this program.

1908J A SOUTHERNER ON COLORED EVANGELIZATION

1. I speak of race antagonism which this discussion, but as it is an element is not peculiar to the Caucasian and that enters into the difficulties to be the negro but exists between the dif- met in the evangelization of the negro ferent races of people in all the world. I will refer to it briefly. Political Between the negroet: and the whites domination is the fear of the whites this has been intensified during the and this is practically universal. The past few years. The negro never average white man reasons thus: In passes a day that he does not hear a large number of States the negro is from the lips of some white person, now disfranchised and for the time beif not absolute abuse something derog- ing we have nothing to fear. But if atory to his character. He sees the we educate him, elevate and Christianwhites hating him and then he ize him, then he will say that he is hates the whites worse. The Christian fit to have the ballot placed in his people, indeed all white people, ought hands and take part in governmental to cultivate a spirit of forbearance affairs. There is no answer to this and show an interest in the negro's but to say that it is true and the only advancement. Love begets love and remedy I see is to so formulate our laws the negro will like the white man bet- as to perpetually disfranchise him and ter if he finds that the white man is let him understand now that he is never interested in his advancement. A bet- to vote or hold office. It would go too ter feeling ought to be fostered be- much into politics for me now to untween the races. dertake to state how this can be done, but in my judgment it can and will 2. During the past forty-five years be done. But it ought to be done in difficulty has been found in getting such a way as to assure our white peo~ the negro to hear a white man preach. pie that there never will be a time Happily I am glad to say that is pass- when a member of the negro race will ing away and I think they will gladly be allowed to vote. He ought to be hear the white minister preach now. satisfied with having the government It may be our ministers will not protect his life, liberty and property, always get large audiences but let us and this can be done without his havremember that our Savior preached ing the right to vote. once at least to an audience of one. 6. Another difficulty in the way of 3. Another trouble may arise and colored evangelization I will discuss, that is, the jealousy of the colored is the fear on the part of the whites preachers. This of course is to be of amalgamation and with it social avoided. I do not think it would be equality. That this is a serious probwise now to organize churches among lem and a real difficulty I think is them, and their own services ought true. The remedy for this is stringent not to be interfered with. And what- laws strictly enforced to prevent the ever money they have to give let it danger which is properly feared. go to their own preachers, and to keep Again I come too near politics to furup their own services. Tact of the ther discuss this objection. This, like white ministers will have to be brought the preceding difficulty, ought to be into play. so settled that the whites will not fear it, and then the white people will be 4. I turn now to the difficulty in the glad to do everything possible to eduway of colored evangelization which cate and Christianize the negro. arises from the white people. There is none more universal and none more There is one other cause of the to be deplored than the inconsistency great decline of the negro. There are of the Christian whites. Thl' negro no criminal laws in our statute books, knows a white man belongs to a su- or known to the common law as it perior race and watches his conduct exists here now, the execution of with great aptness to learn from him. which deters the negro from commit- ting crime. Our penitentiary system S. I do not propose, nor would it be proper to do so, to bring politics into

as administered in Mississippi is a tude of the question we are now called financial success but practically worth- upon to solve. less toward the prevention of crimes. A negro comes out of the prison a The Only Satidactory Solution hero with his own people and thought none the less of by the whites. When properly considering this sub- ject we are drawn to the conclusion Another difficulty in the way of the that it is impossible for man to make evangelization of the negro is the fact a satisfactory solution. But "Man's that he is entirely wanting in self de- extremity is God's opportunity" and to velopment. This is true of the negro Him alone we must look for its soluin all ages and in all places. Nearly tion. seventy years ago Dr. J. Leighton Wilson went to Western Africa and The Bible and the grace of God is spent eighteen years there preaching our only salvation from the terrible to the negro. He spent ten years at consequences of our unfortunate conone place and eight years at another. dition in the law. How is the grace My information is that the negro there of God to be obtained? Of course did not take what he learned from Dr. every Christian will answer by the Wilson and from that develop a Chris- prayers of God's people. How many tian civilized manhood, but went back of our people are wrestling in prayer again into barbarism. The history of to God to save the negro and ourselves Haiti as written by Sir Spencer St. from the terrible calamity that stares John and published in 1884 tells a us in the face? I appeal to all men story of declension for nearly a hun- everywhere, to pray daily and with all dred years, until cannibalism and other earnestness to the God of all grace to barbaric customs became extremely Christianize and elevate the American common. One shudders as he reads negro. I can not leave this question its pages and compares the negro then without appealing to our people for and there with his condition here. the negro because he IS poor. We sometimes see articles in newspapers Verily one will be convinced that his- elaborating on what property the ne- gro has accumulated since he was tory is repeating itself. He was con- freed. A few have become wealthy sul from Great Britain to Haiti for -some of these have had it thrust upon them by inflation of the values seventeen years, and went there with of property and these are among the ten per cent of whom I am not wrino ideas of the rightfulness of slavery ting. Of the ninety per cent who live and work in the country principally on and without prejudice against the ne- farms and those who are in the poor gro. On this subject he says: "I now districts of towns and cities, not one agree with those who deny that the in a thousand has money enough to negro could ever originate a civiliza- purchase one month's supplies for his tion, and that with the best education family in advance, except perhaps he remains an inferior type of man. during the harvest seaSon. He has as yet shown himself totally unfitted for self-government, and in- God said to the children of Israel capable as a people to make any prog- "The poor shall never cease out of the ress whatever. To judge the negro land; therefore I command thee sayfairly one must live a considerable ing; open thine hand wide unto thy time in their midst, and not be led brother, to thy poor and to thy needy away by the theory that all races are in the land." capable of equal advance in civiliza- The duty is upon us, the opportunity tion." is. here, shall we be equal to it? A careful reading of this book will give one a conception of the magni-

BIBLES IN MOROCCO *

BY W. SUMMERS British and Foreign Bible Society Agent in North Africa and the Peninsula.

A glance at a political map of Africa faced death thrice in one week when will show that the only two remain- on a visit to the town of Sheshuan, in ing independent natives states in that the Khamass country, where Sir Harcontinent are Christian Abyssinia and ry Maclea:1 was held in captivity.

Mohammedan Morocco. The latter is Translation work is being carried known to the Arabs as "Moghreb-el- on in the three Berber dialects of the'

Aksa," or the extreme west, and is country-Rifi, Susi, and Berberi, as the only one of the old Barbary States well as in the Arabic colloquial of the which retains its independence. It is cities and plains. The Jewish com- not unnatural, therefore, that the munities in the different centers of Moors proudly boast of a bravery popUlation are provided, at less than and prowess superior to that of any cost price, with the Old Testament other people, whether Mohammedan which their forefathers so jealously or Christian, and consider themselves preserved for us, and the New Testa- the trustiest repositories of Islam. In- ment is persistently offered to them deed so true are they to the fiery Mo- as the book which will tell them of hammedan type of earliest days, that their true Messiah and of the advent they still observe the customs, the of the year of jubilee.

phrases, the dress, and the polity of Thus no section of the population Mohammed's lifetime, and follow the is left uncared for, and men of all philosophy and ideals of the early Cal- classes are reached. The illiterate ifate. Familiar intercourse with the slave and the sun-browned day la- nomad Bedouin carries one even fur- borer, who know little more than the ther back, for their manner of life is letters of their alphabet, eagerly spell that of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. out the homely words of St. Luke Some twenty-five years ago, the Bi- which tell them of the Father's love; ble Society undertook definite and sys- while the present Sultan, Mulay Abd- tematic colportage work in Morocco. el-Aziz, was induced to accept a spe- During these years the Society's la- cially bound copy of the complete Bi- borers have traveled, as far as pos- ble in beautiful literary Arabic, which sible, the length and breadth of the he promised to read and venerate.

land, selling the Word of God to Missions Moors, Jews, and Europeans. The itinerant Arab "dooars" (round There are now several missions es- camps) of the plains, the stone-built tablished in the country besides a few villages pitched on strategic positions workers who labor independently. The on the mountains, the commercial whole missionary force, including cities such as Fez and Rabat, and the wives, reaches a total of over sixty, cities of sanctuary such as W azan and most of whom are engaged in medi- Sheshuan have all been repeatedly cal missions, schools, classes, visiting, visited-and the Gospel commended translation, and evangelistic work. We and its acceptance urged upon their have had unusual difficulties to over- inhabitants. Colportage work in such come, but the spiritual results give a country is done at much personal cheer. There is a group of native risk. In addition to the hardships of Christians in Fez, another in Tangier, travel in a land where there are no and still another more recently brought roads, or inns, there are the dangers together in Marrakesh (Morocco City).

arising from intertribal discord, the Besides, there are isolated believers in impulsive outbursts of fanaticism, and different towns and villages. One of the ever-present enmity against Christ these native Christians, who was con- as the Savior of the world. I have verted some fifteen years ago, and • Condensed from The Bible in the World.

known to us as "El Kaid," having "First, I am a Christian, and then been an officer in the Tangier battery, a Britisher," was Mr. Steven's reply. became a colporteur of the Bible Society, and while engaged in that work After further conversation, during was done to death by a crowd of fanat- which the Scriptures were discust and ics in the town of Larache. Another the Gospel preached to them, they renative colporteur is employed by the marked among themselves, "He is not Society, but works under the direction like the other Europeans; he believes of the North Africa Mission. in God, and is one of those good peo- ple who follow the Messiah." They One of the many prominent per- bought several volumes, and on leavsonages in the Moorish imbroglia is ing wished Mr. Steven success, and Ma-el-Ainain, the Shinguitee Shereef swore constant friendship. and Saharan sorcerer, who is said to be encamped with his armed followers A conversation held with a Jew who in the vicinity of Mogador. In Sep- visited the depot, when read in the tember, 1906: he passed through Casa- light of the spoliation and massacre blanca when the Gospel was preached that community has suffered during to his followers. They were known the sack of the town, shows how sadly locally as "the men in blue," for they pathetic is their spiritual as weJl as wear garments of blue serampore. Be- their political condition. He entered ing of a fierce and fanatical disposi- the depot during one ~f the fasts looktion they deeply resented the growing ing dejected and spiritless. influence of Europeans in the country. They had made several minor attacks "Why don't you Christians fast?" on Europeans' places of business, and he queried. in the course of their street sauntering they entered our depot. Their first "Why should we?" was the reply, "seeing that Christ is the end of the question was: Law." "Are you a Jew or a Frenchman?" "Neither," was the answer given. With a sigh he said, "Ah! could "Then what are you?" was the in- we but believe that, what joy there would be in Israel!" After further solent demand. conversation he left saying (like the woman at the weJl), "When the Mes- siah comes, He will reveal all things."

NATIVE EVANGELISM IN OLD CALABAR * BY REV. A. W. WILKIE, B.D. Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland.

A good deal has been said about Efik was at war with those tribes to Efik people not being missionary, and which we now as missionaries wish to of their unwiJlingness to go out as carry the Gospel. Europeans forget evangelists to other tribes. It is one that past but the native does not. The of the sad facts that, while every- European, again, is welcomed as a where there come calls for teachers missionary while the native Efik finds and evangelists, no men are found people unsympathetic, if not contempwilling, even when their support is tuous, for the hatred of tribe for tribe guaranteed. is very strong. The missionary spirit was not born in England in a day, But it is unfair to Efik to draw and there are many still so dull that hasty conclusions from that fact. Pos- they think we should spend our enersibly we are asking for an ideal of gies among our own people. We are Christian work which is as yet beyond trying to teach native churches to be them. It is a very short time since • Condensed from The Missionar, Record.

NATIVE EVANGELISM IN OLD CALABAR

missionary chmches from the first, but a large farm district belonging to Bas- we should not be discouraged if they sey Duke, who has built a good school do not immediately fulfil our high and supports a teacher there, and the hopes. I would rather judge them by average attendance of children is over their earnestness in carrying the Gos- ninety.

pel to those of their own language Ikot Uba belongs to Chief Eyo who have not the opportunity of hear- Effiom, one of our most respected el- ing through any of the sources pro- ders. His place is full of children.

vided by the Europeans. Eyo Effiom has for some time sup- I have been more and more imprest ported a teacher there, who teaches with how much Efik is doing in this the children in the week, holds a cate- way. A month or so ago, we visited chism class for the older people, and Uwet on the Calabar river, and were on Sundays has a service. He is a delighted with work which was being boy from Akunakuna, who was with done there. One of our chiefs, who Mr. Marwick, and then in the Insti- recently put away his wives and joined tute. Eyo Effiom was busy building the church, is the political agent for a church for his people with wood and the district, and since his "conversion" iron. All the expense of building and has been trying to help the people in of teacher he is bearing himself.

.Uwet. A government school has been Further inland is Ikot Nakanda, the started there, but on Sundays this only "recognized" out-station of Duke chief has gathered the people together Town. The teacher here is not very for a service, which he conducts regu- strong, and has uphill work, but he is larly himself. We found a most in- doing well. At this place a band of teresting congregation there. On the young men came to meet us to take other side of the river another chief us to Essigi, the farm district belong- has a farm, and he also has com- ing to Cobham Town toward the Rio menced regular services and classes Del Rey river. They were full of for the people. These two men are kindness all the time we were with working together to build a church at them. They have themselves built a U wet, and are willing to support a very good school, and support a teacher between them. teacher, who is a member in Creek At the Akpabyu farms, on the east- Town Church. The people in Essigi ern side of the Quo river, we stayed were intensely earnest, and I have in the large farm belonging to the never felt so happy in Calabar as oboft of the town. He is not a church while we were among them.

member, but he has allowed a mem- Judged by our standards, their ber of his household, who is in com- schools may seem very primitive, and munion with us, to hold a meeting the teaching elementary, but there is every evening in his yard; and on on every side so much work being Sunday all work is stopt, and the peo- done that we may be too hard on ple come from long distances to a Efik. If they are to work outside their service. This, for the chief of Duke own town, they must go among stran- Town, is a big advance in the right gers. The work in Efik has not been direction. Another of our members a failure, but from my point of view takes a district beyond the chief's, and a great success. The missionary en- on alternate Sundays holds service in thusiasm for other tribes will come, six or seven villages. Beyond that is but we cannot manufacture it.

EDITORIALS

THE FORECAST OF A SPIRITUAL going on, which is exactly in propor- tion to the disregard of this weekly PANIC day of worship and rest.

A fellow editor, in the columns of Not only the Church but its minisa religious periodical, finds in the try have fallen into neglect, if not conaspect of moral and spiritual life, con- tempt. Worship has lost most of its ditions analogous to those recently emphasis, and people who go to found in the financial and commercial church go to hear some favorite orasphere. Despite the boast often heard tor or, it may be, singer. The assemof Church growth, philanthropic, edu- bling of ourselves together is not recational and missionary progress, and garded as an institution of God, not missionary activity, he notes incontro- to be forsaken at the beck of private vertible signs of loss of faith-that caprice. The ministry, once revered "lack of confidence" so disastrously as God's ambassadors, have corne to analogous to the causes of financial be thought of as mere chosen leaders panic, and he instances four signs of or convenient organizers, perhaps a coming crisis: hired servants of the Church-the preacher and pastor is counted a sort 1. Loss of faith in the full and per- of president of a religious club, whose fect inspiration of the Word of God; words and acts are as open to criti- cism as any other man's. 2. Loss of confidence in the divine claims of the weekly rest day; And it need not be said that the Lord Jesus Christ is being rapidly de- 3. Loss of confidence in the Church graded to an inferior position. He is as a divine institution; no longer to thousands an infallible mouthpiece of God, but a human 4. Loss of confidence in the author- teacher reflecting to a large extent the ity and deity of the Lord Jesus Christ. errors or mistakes of his day. Even his divine incarnation and miraculous These are grave signals, and they resurrection are doubted if not denied. certainly exist. The modern doctrine that the Scriptures contain the word These conditions demand not only of God, rather than are the word of candid recognition but combined re- God, leaves to individual judgment to sistance. There are many thousands decide what is the shell and what is who are disposed to be silent and the kernel, and to reject whatever of- avoid controversy, who are true to fends individual taste or is distaste- the faith once delivered to the saints; ful to one's own notions or habits. We and they should bear witness. Silence have no longer any final court of ap- and inaction sometimes become a sin peal to which to refer the variant and a crime. There should be projudgments of human reason and opin- test. Even seven thousand who have ion, and are at sea without chart, not bowed the knee may so keep in compass or rudder-certainly without hiding as to leave a prophet of God any external guide by which to steer to feel himself alone in fealty to Je- -our pole-star is gone. hovah. Collective opinion is but the combination of individual convictions; The Sabbatic law is written 011 and corporate action depends upon man's very constitution. He is an personal attitude. One man who ineight-day clock. The hebdomadal law tensely feels a peril and dares to act, is curiously imprest on the very tablet has more than once led a revolution of his being, as for instance in fevers. or reformation. John de W yc1if, Body and mind both demand the Martin Luther, Savonarola-these are weekly rest, and where it is invaded a few out of many whose single voice or neglected, harm inevitably ensues. became God's trumpet-call and the Yet we are told that Sabbatic laws and restraints are "Puritanical" and antiquated. Meanwhile there is an obvious moral and spiritual decadence signal for a crusade. We must not souls. But let us observe that, of all allow so-called "leaders" to speak per- these, the major part center in service. verse things unchallenged, or conduct Some of them have to do with standruinous movements unresisted. It is ing before God and Christian seIfworse than foolish to wait for the mastery; but soldier, husbandman, panic to burst into violence, before workman, vessel, servant, teacher, acting. Let men who believe dare to emancipator-all exhibit different asspeak. Let disciples keep the Lord's pects of usefulness-warring for truth, day free from travel, social engage- sowing and tilling the world-field, ments, and festivities and secularities, preaching and teaching the Word, and and set an example of reverent church setting souls free from their chains. going. Let the ministry magnify their high caIling as ambassadors, and It is encouraging to remember that maintain their true authority as such the kingdom of service is not always by keeping within the limits of their conspicuous to human eyes, and comes instructions. Above all, let us remem- not with observation. As powerful ber that when we dare to stand on churches are sometimes found in small God's side, He stands also on ours. plain meeting-houses, God's best serv- ants sometimes hide in humble homes. THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVE- Prominence and usefulness are not MENT synonymous. N either is a small circle of usefulness to be despised; a light This interdenominational enterprise that doesn't shine beautifully in the is advancing at rapid rate. Perhaps family circle at home, is not fit to take in nothing is progress more noticeable a long way off to shed its beams elseand notable than in the enlarged finan- where. cial schemes. In Richmond, for example, there is a determination to Rev. Hunter Corbett was told that double next year the $27,000 raised he had buried his life in China. His last year, and nearly fourfold that calm answer was-"perhaps so; but at amount is proposed a little further on. this moment there are at least two thousand converts there who daily In St. Joseph, Mo., they undertook pray to God for me." to increase gifts from $12,000 to $50,- 000, and in one congregation $20,000 JUDGMENT ON A BLASPHEMER is already secured. In Atlanta, one congregation undertakes to multiply Rev. Isaac D. Colburn, twenty years its gifts fivefold, and already are well in Burma, in his own work witnessed on the way to success. In Montreal, and records a remarkable judgment of 3°,000 members gave $100,000 last God on an evil-doer, which is closely year to missions, home and foreign; parallel to that inflicted on Elymas, the and undertake to increase this two and sorcerer. a half times within two years. Wherever this matter is forcibly presented, In the district of Thongzai, British the churches seem waking up to the Burma, a company of native disciples sense both of responsibility and of had assembled on the bal}ks of a pool ability to meet it. This also we wel- to witness the baptism of several concome as a conspicuous sign of the verts, and the surrounding rocks and times. hills were covered with spectators. N ear by stood a father and his son, THE MANIFOLD ASPECT OF the former already conspicuous by DISCIPLESHIP most bitter opposition to the Gospel, and most strenuous efforts to dissuade One chapter in Paul's Epistles (2 his heathen neighbors from becoming Tim. ii) presents a disciple in a ten- Christians. As the native pastor was fold aspect. As son, soldier, athlete, opening the services, this opponent husbandman, workman, vessel, serv- broke in with most blasphemous interant, saint, teacher, and emancipator of ruptions, mingled with all manner of

obscene gestures and lascivious demon- More than that, they found one ba- strations, the preacher's repeated re- cillus peculiar to the bank-note: the monstrances only stirring him up to bank-note microbe, so to speak, be- more flagrant outbursts of wicked- cause found nowhere else. It thrives ness. and fattens and multiplies on the pecu- The father and son then stript them- liar paper of which a bank-note is selves, plunged naked into the water, made.

and as the pastor was about to bap- '0/e have long been persuaded that tize a convert, the old opposer cari- there is a moral microbe that fattens catured the ceremony, seizing his son and thrives and multiplies on hoarded by the heels and ducking him several gains. There is something about ava- times, pronouncing over him the bap- rice that promotes rapid degeneration tismal formula; and even coupling the in the department of the affections.

name of the Trinity with the most hor- The man of money becomes more and rible blasphemies. more self-absorbed, indifferent to hu- The services were, of course, ar- man want and wo, and like the idol rested. Among the company was a he worships, cold, hard, metallic, un- native evangelist, Sau Wah, who, be- til he himself is changed into a human fore conversion, had been a powerful coin and, as has been quaintly said, Karen chief, a noted warrior, and a "drops into his coffin with a chink.·'

much dreaded opponent of the Gospel, The only way to kill the bank-note mi- but who was absorbed in preaching the crobe is to cultivate the habit of un- Christ whom he once reviled. With selfish ministry to human sorrow, stern and commanding bearing, Sau suffering and need. Missions are the Wah rose up and enjoined silence. divine antidote to Mammon. There Then turning to the old man in the is a power in systematic benevolence water, he said "0 full of all subtilty which counteracts the fearful tendency and all mischief, thou child of the devil, of greed to mental and moral atrophy.

thou enemy of all righteousness, wilt THE PREACHING THE PEOPLE WANT thou not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord?" Mr. John H. Converse writes that he recently sent out several hundreds As he spake, the hush of God fell of letters asking laymen to say what on the assembly, with awful power and kind of sermons they most wish to impression. The disturbers, as tho hear. Out of one hundred and two smitten with terror, fled from the pool, replies from Presbyterians, who in and ran up the hillside. But, before some cases indicated more than one going many rods, both fell prostrate. sort of sermons as those they liked, The service was shortly concluded, and the summary was as follows: Christians lifted them up and bore them to the village. But the father Guidance in Christian Life 93 proved to be dead, and, altho the son recovered consciousness, the stroke Evangelistic 63 proved fatal, and within a few months he was also borne to burial. Expository S1 Doctrinal . . 22 Current Topics 16 Critical 5 A PARABLE OF NATURE It will be noticed that, out of these 250 votes, only 21 are for any sermons Some years ago two scientists of but those which are strictly biblical Vienna made a series of bacteriolog- and evangelical and assume the inical experiments on a number of bank- spiration and authority of the word notes which had been in circulation of God. A conspicuous Englishman, for some time. The result was start- after much study of the subject, says ling. On each bank-note they discov- that the reason why the working ered the presence of 19,000 microbes classes so little go to church is that of disease-some of tuberculosis, some they hear so little gossip when they do. of diphtheria and some of erysipelas. AFRICA reach the Moslems, has for the past The Power of the Press in Africa ~even-and-::-half years brought them A recent article in the Aurora, gives III touch WIth scores of towns and vilan impressive view of what the mis- lages; hundreds of copies of the Scripsion press is doing for the uplifting of tures, and thousands of booklets and Africa. In September, 1889, work tracts have been scattered through the was begun by Mr. Thomson on a country, and many thousands have small Albion hand-press, with a lim- heard the simple proclamation of the ited supply of type. Now a double- Gospel in mission stations, schools, demy cylinder machine is run by an book depots, and dispensaries, as well electric motor, and the stock of type as by the wayside, in the fields, and is multiplied more than a hundred- crowded markeFplaces. fold, and is supplemented by a stereotyping plant. Now this "Egypt General Mission" is calling for seven new workers. Men The primary and most important are urgently needed at Ismailia, Abou use of the mission press is the print- Kebeer, and Tel-el-Kebeer, not to ing of the Scriptures in the native languages. Before printing there is the mSspuaeanakkitnho,efiarnsusdtcahotitohpnelasr.ceRsTedahseSrPeeoaarrtpeoSrsutcsd~raetns~ work of translation, revision, and rerevision. No fewer than ten native of towns in the Delta, easily accessible, languages have been dealt with, and and thus far utterly unreached with in these there have been published in the Gospel.

all about 41,500 portions of Scripture. A Revival in Wed Africa In addition to these, upward of 7,500 Perhaps the last place where we religious catechisms and instructional should look for a spiritual revival booklets have been issued, together would be among the, till recently, barwith nearly 20,000 hymn-books in barous and degraded dwellers on the seven languages. swamps of the Niger Delta. Yet Bishop James Johnson informs us that For school work, over 42,200 prim- the African Christians of that region ers have been printed in eight lan- have lately had such a visitation many guages, and 11,000 second readers in being subdued and broken down' under two of these, as well as 7,000 first, conviction of sin day after dav in their second, and third books. gatherings for prayer at – Okrika' backsliders returning to the fold, and All this is simply the work of the the heathen destroying their idols. It Livingstonia Press. There are three is clear that the great need of our misother mission presses III Central Africa.

Ten Yean in Egypt sionary campaign is for more fervent prayer that the Holy Spirit may de- Ten years ago, on January 31, 18g8, scend in power on workers and conthe first party of "The Egypt Mission gregations. Band," landed in Alexandria. Their object was to preach Christ to the Mo- New Thing. at New Lolodorf hammedans of Egypt and the Sudan, and, with that object in view, they Dr. H. C. Weber of the American have settled in places where there are the fewest Christians (nominal), and Presbyterian mission in West Atfhriincga~ most followers of the Prophet of Ara- writes of a few interesting about MacLean Station (February 1st to November 1st, 1907) : bia. After Alexandria, new centers Twenty-two members have been added were opened at Belbeis, Chebin-el- to the church. Kanater, Suez, Ismailia, Abou Kebeer, Tel-el-Kebeer, and Cairo. A monthly Two hundred and sixty-four people have Gospel paper, specially designed to been enrolled in the lower inquiry class.

The new church, seating about seven hun- dred people, will be given by the people to the Lord and dedicated free from debt ears! However, this does not make it upon the first Sunday of January, 1908. any easier for a woman to become a Christian, because then she feels it Ten companies (of two each) of school- wrong to assert herself and hit back; boys spoke the Word to 30454 people between Friday noon and Sunday noon.

Out-schools, or town schools, have an at- and thus she is at the mercy of her husband, and it is very little mercy she tendance of 349. Each is a Gospel center. gets when she refuses to comply with So eager are the people for the Word that heathen customs. they pay all expenses of the teacher and school, that they may be taught the way of life.

Biang (an elder in this church), who Missionary Work in German East Africa spends his entire time in evangelistic work, when given a sum of money, for six months' Pastor Paul of Lorenzkirch has exwork, immediately gave one-third of it hibited at the German Colonial Expotoward the Lord's house. The Sunday-school attendance for the sition in Berlin statistical tables of all first three Sundays of November was as missionary efforts in German colonies, follows: 476, 402, 466.-The Assembly H er- from which we gather the facts referald. ring to German East Africa as espe- cially instructive. German East Africa, An African King Helping Millions The favorable attitude of the is a colony extending from the coast a heathen king of Barnum, in Kamerun, of the Indian Ocean to Lake Tangan- West Africa, toward the work of the yika and Lake Nyasa. It contains missionaries of the Basel Missionary population of about eight millions upon Society, is becoming still more pro- 384,000 square miles, and the vast nounced as he becomes better ac- majority of its inhabitants are fetish quainted with the Christians. A short worshipers.

time ago it became necessary to open Six missionary societies, two Eng- a second preaching station in his capi- lish and four German, viz. : Moravians, tal, Fumban. The king ordered the Berlin I, German East African So- erection of a suitable building with 200 ciety, Leipzig Missionary Society, Uni- seats, and no help was expected from versities Mission to Central Africa, the missionaries in the work. The at- and Church Missionary Society, have titude of the king influences his sub- 64 stations and 204 outstations, in jects, and the new chapel is well filled which 80 ordained, 4 medical and 63 at all services every Lord's day. On lay European missionaries were at account of the rapid progress of the work on January I, 1907. The num- work in Barnum, the Basel Society ber of native Christians was 8,219, has decided to erect a substantial build- while 655 heathen (as far as could be ing for missionary purposes in the ascertained) were baptized in 1906 and capital, Fumban. 3,053 remained under instruction. The A Land Where Women are Tyrants force of native helpers, paid and vol- untary, consisted of 508, and the 35 I A most experienced missionary in schools were attended by 16,793 pu- Basutoland has declared that the men pils. The Universities Mission, which there are much more often ill-used by commenced work there in 1861 has their heathen wives than vice-versa. gathered the largest number of native The fact is that these women, by their Christians, viz.: 5,149 and also the labor in the fields and their domestic largest number of pupils, viz.: 4,6(;i1 in work, support the men; consequently 116 schools. Berlin I, however, seems the latter are dependent upon their to be the most prosperous in the work wives, instead of its being the other in German East Africa. Tho it com- way about, as with us, and the field- menced its work there only in 1891, work making them strong and vig- it has now 17 stations and 129 out- orous, the women are usually quite stations, with 20 ordained and 16 lay able to hold their own if ill-used-e.g., missionaries, and its congregation;, they sometimes bite off their husbands' have a membership of 1,209 native Christians. Remarkable is the number Swediah Methodists Enter Africa of inquirers, which was 835 on Janu- A few months ago the Swedish ary I, 1907, and it is well worth men- Methodist Church sent out to the for- tioning that especially large numbers eign field its first representatives, dis- of these inquirers came from those sta- patching two to East Africa with tions which suffered most severely in Inhambane as their destination. A the late uprising. Even in Milow, mission press was sent with them.

which was completely destroyed by the An Ex-African Monarch's Baptism rebels, a considerable number of the A little over a year ago, in the natives have come forward as inquir- Uganda protectorate, King Anderega'

ers. In educational work, Berlin I, is and his fellow believers of Bunyoro, far behind the Universities Mission, sent a native evangelist, to the Sey- the Moravians, the C. M. S., and the chelles, to teach Kabarega-a former Leipzig Missionary Society, since it re- notorious king of Bunyoro, who, as a ports only 39 schools with I,I6g pupils. State prisoner, was in banishment. In Medical Missions in German East Africa. February, King Anderega, his son, The German Colonial Office a short writes of his baptism. A once bar- time ago made a thorough investiga- barous and brutal slave-raider has tion of the medical missionary work found the light of God!

carried on in German East Africa. Testimony to the Uganda Mission Rev. Julius Richter publishes the re- Mr. Winston Churchill, M.P., after suits of this investigation in the All- a visit to Uganda has recently said: gemeine Missions-Zeitschrift, from No greater contrast could be experiwhich article we copy the following enced than the spectacle of Uganda, after one traveled slowly through the East interesting facts: African Protectorate for hundreds of miles meeting native savages whose method of All missionaries sent by German soci- showing you honor was to paint their eties to Africa receive a rudimentary med- skins in every color under the sun to ical training. These societies are the Berlin, deck their heads with feathers and their the Leipzig, and the German East Africa bodies with shells, and dance to a mon- Societies, and the Moravians. The Berlin otonous hopping dirge around the chair Society organized in 1907 a course for the in which the visitor took his seat. Once instruction of brides of missionaries, in in Uganda, you went into another world. which provision is made for general med- You found there a completely established ical instruction, while many of the wives polity-a state with everyone in his of missionaries and of the single woman place and a place for everyone. missionaries add to this a shorter or longer course of instruction in nursing. Many of You found clothed, cultivated, eduthe wives of the missionaries of the Ger- cated natives. You found 200,000 who man East Africa Society are also trained could read and write, a very great number as nurses. Some of the missionaries of who had embraced the Christian faith the Berlin Society and of the Moravians, :;incerely, and had ab:lfldoned polygamy who seemed especially qualified, have taken 111 consequence of theIr conversion. You special medical courses. found, in short, in Uganda almost every- thing which went to vindicate the ideal All stations of the different German So- which the negrophile had so often cieties are provided with drugs,. bandages, held up before the British public and and surgical instruments, while some have before the House of Commons, and a dentist's outfit also. Many trained nurses in regard to which he had so often ill have been sent out, and two more are ready other places been disappointed by the to be sent out by the Leipzig Society. hard logic of facts and the disappointing trend of concrete and material events. The German Societies have only one phy- We owed a great deal in Uganda to the sician now in German East Africa (in Usam- development, on, he thought, an unequaled bara), but they are ready to send more as scale, of missionary enterprise. In some soon as suitable men offer themselves. The other parts of the British Empire he had English Societies at work in German East found the official classes distrustful of Africa, (the C. M. S. and the Univer- missionary enterprise. In Uganda he sity Mission) are also short of medical found them very grateful. missionaries. Leprosy :tnd epidemics of smallpox demand especial attention in the densely populated country. A Native Church Arising in South Africa b~ visited by his excellency in such a capa- C.lty. H?n. F. R. Moor, minister for na- The Swiss Romande Missionary So- tIve affalfs, gave a fat ox to be killed for ciety, which represents the Free the feast on that occasion, and Mr. G. S. Churches of the French-speaking Cantons of Switzerland, commenced its Armstrong, member of the assembly, gave prosperous work in South Africa in another. The government was represented 1875. To-day it has missionaries in by Mr. ~amuelson, under-secretary for nathe Transvaal, where its fine medical tive affaIrs. YOll will be pleased also to mission at Elim and its Normal school lear~ that our school has been accepted to at Lemana are located, and in Lorenzo rec~lve a government grant as other schools Marques, Portuguese East Africa. of Its class. During the past years the missionaries of the Swiss Romande Society have Pray t.hat we may be guided by the spirit attempted to organize the numerous of God III all our work. native Christians into a native church which may become self-governing and AMERICA self-supporting in the near future. Assemblies of native workers have been " Get Together " held in three important sections of the field during 1907, where topics of spe- . Not. enough prominence has been cial importance were discust. At the meeting held at Lorenzo Marques a given m the religiou~ press to a pheremarkable thing happened. The native churches had agreed to send a nomenal feature which characterized young man to the theological school of the Paris Society in Basutoland and the fifteenth annual conference of forhad guaranteed the expenses for one year ($300). Moreover, the student's eign mission boards held in New York traveling expenses amounted to $75 additional and the Missionary Board City several weeks ago. As reported at Lausanne had paid that amount. When the delegates heard this, they by one present, the above phrase was were indignant that the Board had paid money which they had expected "the keynote of an after-dinner speech to pay themselves, and they refused to accept the gift, showing a remarkable by Dr. A. S. Lloyd, secretary of the spirit of independence and liberality. Some of these native Christians refuse ~rotestant Episcopal Missionary Soto hire out their carts and horses for carrying beer and whisky from the C1~ty, whose message was an eager and wharf in Lorenzo Marques to the railway station, while all of them are for- ~msome plea for Christian unity." bidden to rent their premises for ~ut on the foreign field church divisaloons. S10nS are a burden and a hindrance. Dube'. Zulu School AI~ we need to do is to humble our Rev. John L. Dube, head of the Zulu Christian Industrial School p~lde, confess we have magnified our writes from Ohlange that: differences, rather than our common Sir Matthew Nathan, the Governor of Natal, consented to perform the opening faith, and follow the lead of the men ceremony of the new building which took place on the 25th of November. The pres- at t?e front." Every turn of his efent governor shows a deep interest in the matters t? develop the native people, and fective argument was punctuated with we feel hIghly honored that our school will the colloquial appeal. "Let's get to- gether." It was evident that the for- eign mission boards of the country had got together; that the effort made timidly, and with many safeguards and limitations fifteen years ago, has surpassed all expectations in uniting the foreign missionary workers of America. "Here were gathered the representatives of twoscore societies oi~fgthweOUl:kn ited mSatantyescaonudntrCieasnasdiad~ do- in by Side, With considerable variations in policy, scope, and methods of work.

a~d let discussing vexed questions of missionary operation with as much mcaulmtunaelssi,ntefrreastteransalthocotnhfeidyenwcee~e and but the corporation of one board. Noth- ing so imprest one who followed these meetings for the first time as the spirit of union and cooperation emphasized dertake to increase the amount to mis- _ in all the sessions." sionary purposes, to $977,000, an in- . Getting Together in Home Missions crease of $632,000. The total increase undertaken in twenty-two cities of For the first time the Home Mis- Canada and the United States, is sion Boards of the United States came together in New York last month and $1,510,000 from a total of 447.403 discust, as an organized union, a live church members.

religious topic vitally affecting condi- A Confucian Temple for New York tions in the home field. The topic was The term Y. M. C. A. will soon be- "The Religious Care of the Immi- come ambiguous as to the organizagrant." Rev. Dr. H. L. Morehouse, tion it is intended to represent. We of the Baptist Home Mission Society, now have not only the Young Men's presided, and there were present offi- Christian Association but the Young cials of the Congregational, the Meth- Men's Catholic Association and now odist, the American Bible, the Episco- there is talk of founding in New York pal, the American Tract, the Church a Chinese Young Men's Confucian As- Federation's National Council, the sociation. Reformed, the Presbyterian, and other bodies, with liberal repre- In this connection the Chinese are sentations of workers among im- planning to erect a $100,000 Confumigrants in other cities. The new cian temple in New York's Chinatown. Home Mission Council, under which Minister Wu Ting Fang recently adthis first conference was held, has just drest a large audience of his fellow been organized, and includes officials countrymen advocating the organizaof all societies working in the home tion of a Confucian Society and the fields, all religious bodies in the building of a temple. United States. This building calls for lecture- rooms, gymnasium, reading-rooms and The Laymen's Uprising a large assembly hall. It is to serve During the last six months, the as a place for social political and re- Laymen's Missionary Movement has ligious gatherings of the Chinese.

held campaigns in twenty-two cities in Chinese Y. M. C. A. Branch the United States and Canada. In fif- teen cities in the United States, con- The Chinese of New York are to taining 2,S46,o00 people, 31O,S8S com- have a circulating library containing municant church members were modern European works translated reported. They gave to religious work into their native tongue. At the same in America last year, $S,40S,Soo, and time the Y. M. C. A. will establish to similar work abroad $297,4S0. They either in Pell, Mott, or Doyers street have decided to undertake to raise a the only branch in the United States total of $1,17S,000 annually for for- designed for the exclusive use of Chi- eign Christian work, an aggregate in- namen.

crease of $877,SSo. In many cases, Edwin W. Gaillard, Supervisor of two years or more are taken in which Work with Schools for the New York to work up to this higher standard. Public Library, took up the matter of During the same period in Canada, the the library at the request of Dr. F. F.

Laymen's Movement has held cam- Tong, who was the first charter mem- paigns in seven cities, containing an ber of the Y. M. C. A. at Tien-tsin.

aggregate population of 950,000. Of Recently twenty men, prominent in these, 136,818 were reported as Prot- Chinatown, met and elected Dr. Tong estant church members, who gave to president, K wai F. Pang, secretary, local Christian work last year, $2,- and Mr. Gaillard, treasurer. The or- 043,775, and to home and foreign ganization will be known as the Chi- missions, $344,S37. They voted to un- nese Literary Club, and will be supplied with books issued from the under prohibition in the United States; now there are 36,000,000. In eight Commercial Press of Shanghai, the months State-wide prohibition has Methodist, Presbyterian, and Baptist cleared the saloon from an area as Missions. great as that of France. In that area there is a solid block of territory 300 New York Evangelistic Committee miles north and south by 720 miles east and west, in which on the first The results of the tent and open-air day of next January a bird can fly work carried on during the past three from the Mississippi to the Atlantic summers have been so encouraging Ocean, and from the boundary of Tenthat· the Evangelistic Committee of nessee to the Gulf of Mexico', without New York City have plans well under looking down upon a legalized saloon. way for a campaign to be conducted on no less extensive a scale than in previous years. Great Britain and Ireland could be set As in the past, tents will be located down over this space without covering it. There would be IO,OOO square in the heart of the foreign populations. miles of "dry" territory left as a bor- Great blessing has attended the work der.-FERDINAND COWLE IGLEHART, in among the Italians and Germans, and the Review of Reviews. among the score of nationalities in the notorious Five Points district. A World's Temperance Centennial Even greater emphasis will be placed on the work among children On April 30, 1808, there was or- which has always been a most con- ganized at Moreau, Saratoga County, spicuous and encouraging part of the N. Y., the first temperance society in general plan. Services for business history. This organization is still in men and working men, will recognize existence, and holds at least one meet- the importance of a closer relation- ing annually, for the election of offi- ship and more active association of cers and the transaction of business the Church with the commercial and necessary to its perpetuation. It is laboring classes. Efforts will be made proposed to celebrate the one hun- for close connection with the churches dredth anniversary of the founding of of the city, and for intelligent coopera- this society, by holding a World's tion with such organizations as the Temperance Centennial Congress at City Missions of the various d~no.m­ Saratoga Springs, N. Y., near Moreau, inations and the Home MISSIon from June 14 to 30.

Boards.* All temperance societies, of what- ever name or nature, throughout the War Upon the Saloon entire world, are most cordially in- vited to participate in this unique cele- Iri two-thirds of all the territory of bration. the United States the saloon has been abolished by law. Forty years ago The various nations will be invited there were 3,500,000 people living in to send representatives. Medical asterritory where the sale of liquor was sociations and historical societies will prohibited. Now there are 36,000,000 also be asked to fraternize in the work. people under prohibitory law. Since The President of the United States that time the population of the coun- and the Governor of New York will try has scarcely doubled, while the be invited. population in prohibition territory has increased tenfold. There are 20,- The Oldest Women's Missionary Society 000,000 people in the fourteen In connection with the question as southern States, 17,000,000 of whom to when and where Christian women are under prohibitory law in some first organized for the promotion of form. In 1900 there were 18,000,000 the world's evangelization, it is stated * Contributions may be sent to the committee at that the honor belongs to one which was formed in 1803 at Southampton, 541 Lexington Avenue, New York City. Mass., and tradition has it that one than $ro,ooo.oo will be given this year of the charter members gave $12 to for the improvement of the schools, foreign missions when she had 12 and in assisting to open schools at patches on the gown she wore. From new stations.

this society members have gone them- Why Not Volunteers for Home Missions? selves, or have given their sons and daughters, as missionaries to Liberia, The Home Mission Herald for Asia Minor, Persia, China, and the April tells of a young man who felt Pacific Islands, as well as to the In- that it was his duty to offer himself dbn, the black man and the white, of to go to the foreign field as a misour own land. In recent years, this sionary. He resolved, after a visit to society in a small country town has Ellis Island, to consecrate his life to numbered about 30 members and con- missions at home, saying: "Instead of tributed annually $60 to $70. Last year, going to the heathen, God is sending when an advance to $75 was asked the heathen to me." This periodical for there was a temporary hesitation, raises the question, "Why not volunbut the treasurer now reports $89 to teer for Home Missions? Why are their credit. not more consecrated and talented young men and women asked to give Good News from Berea themselves to a life of service in the Andrew Carnegie has given a prom- hard places in our own land?" Some ise of $200,000 toward Berea's adjust- of them are volunteering for the home ment fund of $400,000 to enable the field, but then there is need for many college to provide separate schooling more.

for white and colored students in ac- A First Convert in Mexic::o cordance with the laws of Kentucky. From a sketch of the Mexico mis- For the new school for colored stu- sion, prepared by Rev. A. T. Graybill, dents, land must be purchased, and we learn that during the Mexican war four buildings at least are needed: a two American officers left a Bible with woman's dormitory, a men's dormi- a young married women living in a tory, a main school building and ~n Mexican hut about thirty miles above industrial building. The work wIll Matamoros, which resulted in her con- begin with the training of colored version. This woman was the first to teachers. It is earnestly hoped that greet Dr. and Mrs. Graybill, of the other friends will come forward with Southern Presbyterian mission, on gifts to support this needed work. their arrival in Matamoros. Her son, A Good Use of Children's Day a barroom keeper, was engaged to teach the new missionaries the Spanish The Southern Presbyterian Executive language. He was the first convert, Committee of Foreign Missions is call- and by inviting his friends to the coting upon young people of the Sunday- tage of the missionaries opened the schools and churches to contribute, in way for the first actual missionary connection with the observance of work of this church in Mexico. The Children's Foreign 'Mission Day, May barroom boy is now the well-known 31, an amount not less than $ro,ooo.oo Rev. Leandro Garza Mora, one of the to be distributed among the ro mis- most remarkably used men in preachsions located in 7 countries in 4 con- ing the Gospel in that country. tinents of the world. The generous gifts of the young people in the past, EUROPE including the building of the first A Livingstone Semi-centennial Kongo boat, the raising of about $40,- The Livingstone Memorial Meeting 000,00 for the second "Lapsley" and at Cambridge recently was one of the the contribution of nearly $ro,ooo.oo most interesting celebrations of the last year to the Hangchow Girls' year. In 1856 the great missionary School encourage the hope that more had already gone far beyond his mis-

sian charge in Bechuanaland. He had will witness a culmination of effort in discovered Lake Ngami in the holding a simultaneous mission in heart of the Kalahari desert; he had every church. Handbooks for the journeyed twice to the Zambesi; and guidance of missionaries are being in his last expedition he had discov- prepared, and every detail is being ar- ered and named the Victoria Falls, ranged to secure a concentration of and followed the river's course to the interest on the problem of the world's coast. He returned to England for a evangeli~ation.

short rest, and fifty years ago addrest Home Mi.llion Problem in London a meeting in the Senate House at Cambridge, which is one of the land- The Bishop of London organized remarks in missionary history. With the cently a replica of his famous Wall glamor of adventure on him, and with street service in New York by holdthat single-hearted earnestness which ing a crowded midday service for city was his chief endowment, he swayed men in St. Michael's Church, Cornhil!. his great audience as perhaps no ora- Some 500 invitations had been sent tor has ever swayed a university gath- out to representative city men. If he ering. His final words were long to himself, said Dr. Ingram, did not work be remembered: "I go back to Africa from morning till night, and give to try to make an open path for com- everything he possest to the work, he merce and Christianity. Do you carry would not be doing his duty. But the out the work which I have begun; I people to whom God looked next to leave it with you." His appeal was the Bishop of London were the very not fruitless. The first fruit was the men in that church that afternoon. Universities' Mission to Central Africa There never was such a problem in with its dioceses of Zanzibar and N v- the history of the whole world as Lonasa, and bishops such as Macken;ie don. It was not merely that London and Marples were worthy inheritors of was great already, but that no one the Livingstone tradition. The Scot- knew when it would stop growing. tish Churches have their prosperous The population increased 40,000 a year stations in the same country, and one in his own diocese, which took in and all look to Livingstone as their 4,000,000. For nine of the best years founder and inspirer. of his life he lived among the poor, and nothing struck him more than the The Orient in London awful division between rich and poor. They were like two cities-separate The London Missionary Society existences. Their problem was how under the direction of the vet- to bring the love of God to every liveran secretary, Dr. Wardlaw Thomp- ing child in London. Life was a stewson, and of Rev~ A. M. Gard- ardship and not an ownership. He ner, the organizing secretary, is to desired them to make their City Asmake a special effort to awaken the sociation for the Bishop of London's churches to their missionary oppor- fund a first charge on their re~ources. tunity. They propose to utilize a number of new agencies, chief of which is the great missionary exhibi- The Regions Beyond Missionary Union tion to be called "the Orient in Lon- Dr. Harry Guinness and his wife don," from June 4 to July I1. This have recently completed twenty-one aims ·to bring before the eyes of many years' service at Harley House, Bow, historic and stirring events in the mis- the training college of the Regions Be- sion field. In this great pageant per- yond Missionary Union. In that haps I5,000 persons will participate. period, not only has the Union devel- During August there will also be oped and extended its work in Africa, summer schools and institutes, and India and South America, but it has during the early autumn months a sent out trained men from Harlev general campaign, while November House into almost every missionary

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

society. Altogether, 786 men and whether Catholics or Protestants.

women have gone forth. A meeting Paris is also fuller than ever of for- of thanksgiving for this great work eign women students, taking advan- was held at Queen's Hall, when Lord tages of the opportunities so long open Kinnaird presided over an audience to them there. There are at the pres- that filled every seat. Lord Kinnaird ent time 851 foreign women actually paid high tribute to Dr. Guinness's working for the degrees at the Sor- varied work, and especially referred to bonne, besides large numbers attend- his pioneer work in the Kongo agita- ing courses of lectures there. This tion. Lord Kinnaird exprest his grat- takes no account of the enormous itude to Harley House for stiU sound- number of foreign women studying ing forth the old Gospel and sending art or music in Paris.

out missionaries "who believe their This field is by no means neglected.

Bible from cover to cover." Dr. H. For French-speaking women students, Grattan Guinness, founder of the Re- small Christian Unions have already gions Beyond Missionary Union, has been formed in Paris, Montpellier, and just returned from a five years' tour Lyons. Madame Pannier, 20 Rue des of the world. During his absence he Tournon, Paris, is the leader of the visited seventeen different countries, work in Paris, and undertakes to find including t:anada, Cuba, Japan, Ko- suitable lodgings for any French- rea, China, the Philippines, New speaking women students coming to Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, Paris.

South Africa, and the Canaries. English-speaking women students Rev. F. B. Meyer to Africa are well-provided for through the . work of the student hostel in connec- Our friend and colleague, Rev. F. tion with the British and American B. Meyer, of London, has recently Young Women's Christian Associasailed for South Africa where he is to tion. Here every imaginable help, recarryon an extensive mlSSlOn. In a ligious and social, is extended to them, farewell address at Harley College, of and a most efficient staff of secretaries, the Regions Beyond Missionary Un- are doing a broad work. Everyone ion, he said: "I go forth to Boers and who knows of girls going to study in Britons in South Africa and I am Paris should put them in touch either hoping to help to bind the two peoples with Madame Pannier or with Dr. closer together through the Gospel of Richardson, Student Hostel, 93 Boulethe deeper life, through that vision of vard St. Michael, Paris.-The Student the kingdom of God on earth, as well World. as in heaven, which I go tel preach."

Women Students in France The Basel Missionary Society It is becoming increasingly impor- One of the noblest of evangelical missionary societies is that of Basel. tant that a strong work should be de- Its fields of labor are India, South China, the Gold Coast of Africa, and veloped among women students in the Cameroons of Africa. Its statis- France. French girls are beginning tics for 1907, according to the latest to study in large numbers at the uni- issue of Die H eidenbote, are: 63 chief versities, while new lycees are con- stations; 385 missionaries of whom stantly being opened for girls, the sup- 141 are wives and 18 unmarried wopression of the convent schools having men; church members 53,569, with created a large demand for govern- 2,701 baptisms last year; 571 schools ment education. These lycees while with 30,410 scholars. The income last giving a first-class education, are year was $380,325, of which upward staffed by women, very few of whom of $62,000 was derived from "trade have a definite Christian position. The and industries in India and Africa." tendency of the lycees therefore is to shake the faith of the girls in them,

Netherl..nds Missionary Union ASIA The annual report of the N eder- The Length and Breadth of Islam landsche Zendingsvereeniging is the more interesting as the Union is cel- We too often forget, when thinkebrating its fiftieth anniversary this ing of Mohammedanism, how widely year. Its field of work is the western it is diffused, and rest with an impart of the Island of Java, Dutch East pression that Turkey, Persia and In- Indies, where its eleven ordained mis- dia contain about all to whom the sionaries and sixty-six native helpers Koran is the sacred book. Therefore are working upon ten stations. There such figures as these are instructive: are now twenty-four congregations with 2,260 members, of whom 1,176 Central and Western Africa … . 30 ,000,000 are communicants. The missionary Arabia ………………….. . 3,500,000 schools were attended in 1907 by Afghanistan ……………… . 4,000,000 1,057 native boys and 449 native girls. Southern Persia ………….. . 2,500,000 The. annual income of the Union was Russia in Caucasus ………… . 2,000,000 $24,667, and the year 1907 closed with Russia in Central Asia …….. . 3,000,000 a deficit of $4,324. Khiva …………………… . 800,000 Mindanao (Philippines) …… . 250,000 The New Rua.ia Siberia ………………….. . 6,100,000 China …………………… . 20,000,000 Out of the troubles of that most distressful country God is making Gospel Gains in Moslem .Lands good to grow. At present there is no censorship, and literature of all sorts Weare apt to take it too readily is being poured into Russia. There for granted that Islam is invincible; is just now no religious persecution, as tho the rule was once a Moslem and many people and priests are leav- always a Moslem. No doubt the Mosing the Russian Church. Everywhere lem heart is hard and flinty, yet by dithere is visible a great spiritual awak- vine grace can be, and in cases not ening. Two years ago an evangelical a few actually has been, softened and alliance was formed, consisting of renewed. Dr. S. M. Zwemer has rethose who had been persecuted for cently written to the Sun: "The fact their faith. In some villages where is there were converts from Islam to this movement has been felt a moral Christianity even before the death of reformation is visible; drunkenness Mohammed, and have been ever since has almost disappeared. Kharkov, in all countries where the Gospel has which is the Russian Keswick, is the been preached to Moslems. In North headquarters of the new movement. India there are 200 pastors and A paper now exists to represent the preachers who were once -followers of movement. It is called The Friend; Islam; in North Africa at one stait is published in St. Petersburg, and tion 30 became Christians in 106; in is edited by Mr. Prochanoff, the chief Sumatra the Rhenish Missionary Soengineer of the city of St. Petersburg. ciety has 6,500 converted Moslems, So the word of God grows mightily 1,150 catechumens, and 80 organized and prevails. churches; while in Java there are 18,- 000, and between 300 and 400 adults The Theological School for Russia are baptized every year."

Baron Uxkiill, who has been in The Sultan Founding a Hoapital! America to raise money for the training of evangelical preachers in Rus- Rev. H. H. Jessup writes to the sia, has just returned home having Missionary Herald of the Irish Pressecured over $3 I ,000 for this seminary byterian Church that the Turkish govin Lodz. There is still need of about ernment not to be outdone by foreign $20,000 more. The Baron also re- institutions, has founded a medical ceived $2,000 for the first Baptist college and hospital in Damascus, and chapd in Siberia-in Omsk. is building a large hospital and indus- trial school in Beirut. The latter is of vast proportions, with three im-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

mense edifices side by side, and ac- the reading of the prize poem, excommodations for hundreds of stu- claimed, "Only a Christian could have dents. written that poem. No Hindu could have done it. It is the influence of A Gift for Arabia Christ which enables a man to take such a view." At the banquet, ten- A friend of the Arabian Mission in dered the Hindu president, the Chris-' Albany, N. Y., has shown her devo- tian poet also was a much honored tion to the work by the gift of $6,000 guest, and it was a sign of remarkable for a hospital in Arabia, to the Board progress that Hindus and Christians of Trustees of the Arabian Mission of sat down together. the Reformed Church. There are those who have the spirit of the For- Work for Fallen Women of Northern India ward Movement and are setting the pace for other large givers. Dr. The Gossner Missionary Society, Zwemer asks "who will signalize this which has done such blessed work year of God's favor by completing the among the heathen Kols of Chota endowment for the Arni Industrial Nagpur, reports the opening of the School? Who will help by a munifi- first home for fallen women among cent gift to complete the $200,000 for the Kols. Mrs. Boy, who was instruthe regular work of the Board? We mental in opening the first kindergarappeal to the large givers. This is the ten there in 1894, is in charge of this day of their opportunity. much needed new branch of the work, while a Dutch lady furnishes the fi- INDIA nancial support for the first year.

Growth of Christian Infiuence in India Medical Missionaries in India The N ordisk Missionstidskrift, one A recent issue of Medical.Missions of the best missionary magazines, in India contains a list of all the medigives a number of instances to prove cal missionaries at work in that counthe working of the Gospel among the try. They number 313, a net increase millions of heathen in India. The of 12 during the year. The women Hindus and Mohammedans of Dehra, graduates are in the majoritY-I87 in Northern India, decided to hold a against 126 men. There are also 124 thanksgiving meeting for their pres- European or American trained nurses ervation in a great earthquake. A on the staffs of the various mission Presbyterian missionary was invited to hospitals. The nurses have been inpreside at the meeting and the pastor creasing at a proportionately higher of a native Christian congregation rate during the year, from 98 to 124, offered the first prayer. In Ahmedd- -and this may be taken as an indicanagar a Brahman high official upon tion that the work is becoming more his death-bed asked that a native Chris- highly organized. The medical mistian teacher be called to pray with him, sionaries represent practically all the altho the native Christian was of low Christian denominations engaged in caste. Professor Tilak, of the Theo- work in India and a variety of nationlogical Training School of Ahmadd- alities. England, Scotland, Ireland nagar, is a famous Marathi poet in and Wales are all well represented, as West India. well as Canada, Australia and New Zealand among the colonies. A large A short time ago he won the prize number hail from the United States, at a great gathering of Marathi poets, and we note the name of a woman medwhere many of the court poets of ical who represents the blend known Indian princes were present. The sub- as American-Welsh. Of continental ject for the contest was the compara- countries Germany is well to the front, tive value of the active and the con- and the Basel Mission in Calicut and templative life. Professor Tilak sang the South Marathi country, owes its the praises of the active life of service. A leading Hindu poet, who had listened with interest and attention to

origin at least to Switzerland. Much singing than comes from the lips of more recently the Swedish Church has taken a share in this philanthropic these poor, hoarse, broken-bodied lepwork, having sent out a doctor and two nurses who are at present settled ers, as they sing the praises of Him at Madura and Tanjore in the South. The Salvation Army now has two hos- who has redeemed them and has writpitals in India, with a staff of European doctors and nurses, one at Nag- ten His name upon their foreheads. ercoil in Travancore and the other at Anand in Gujarat. And how out of their poverty they The Minion to Lepera give to the India National Missionary Large numbers of these hopeless Society. The Bibles and hymn-books people offer themselves for baptism, 542 during the year 1907. While this they provide for themselves and every represents results on the spiritual side of the work, there can also be no doubt week their ten or twelve annas toas to the immense extent to which the sufferings of the lepers are being alle- ward the new house of worship. My viated. heart leaps as I hear their testimony. In February a successful conference of the various superintendents of asylums One man from the village interrupted in India was held at Purulia, in Bengal. Many workers among the lepers the preacher last Sunday and said were present. .The decisions arrived at by this conference of experts in "What book tells about this Jesus who leper work, will carry much weight, both with the authorities and the pub- loves the lepers." The preacher told lic. One of the most important of these resolutions declared that in the laim it was the Bible and the leper unanimous opinion of the delegates "leprosy is contagious, and the only asked for a copy that he might read solution of the leper problem in India is wise, humane, but complete segre- it and said: "If I had heard of this gation of the diseased leper from the healthy community." Jesus before I would have believed in The mission to lepers is extending Him. I will tell all my friends of its beneficent operations to lands further east. It is about to build the first Him. He is the one India needs to asylum for the lepers of Korea, at Fusan, in the district adjacent to which know." s. HIGGINBOTTOM lepers are found in great numbers. The new asylum will be attached to The Gospel Changing Hindu Hearts the work of the American Presbyterian Mission, and will be under the charge The following cutting from the of a qualified medical worker. A be- North India Church Missionary ginning is also being made in Siam, Gleaner is a straw showing the direcwhere an official recently described the tion of the current: "A Christian girl lepers as "dead people." student at the Campbell Hospital, who would have finished her training this Leper Services in Allahabad year, died suddenly, and the grief ex- prest by all who knew her was a tes- The church services on Sundav timony to her beautiful life and earnest morning under the trees are an iri'- Christian character. When arrangeever had more enthusiastic or hearty ments were being made for her fuspiration. Not Sankey or Alexander neral a number of the Hindu students came forward and insisted on paying all the expenses. But more than this, these young men would not allow any hired hands to touch the coffin, and asked if they might be allowed to act as bearers at the cemetery. Such sym- pathy, which disregards caste rules and finds expression in so truly chiv- alrous ·an action, is a sign of the times that will be warmly welcomed."

CHINA Vastness of China Two facts may give some concep- tion of the vastness of the problem of the evangelization of China. In the United Free Church of Scotland there are some 1,600 ministers. That is about

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

equal to, if not more than, the total toning the same, and the Lord's prayer number of male missionaries in China. Suppose that the ministers of the following in unison. N ext, after a United Free Church were the only trained forces to supply the spiritual song by the students of the Woman's needs of Great Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Russia, Aus- Union College, representatives of 14 -tria, Italy and Spain, when could they overtake the task? But the popula- different organizations presented their tion of China is equal to the population of all these lands. Here is greetings through appointed delegates; another fact: If all the bibles, testaments and. Scripture portions that have with songs interspersed, among them ever been published by the British and Foreign, American, and Scottish Na- one rendered by two Chinese from the tional Bible Societies, could be put into the hands of the Chinese people, Roman Catholic cathedral, with a third a single copy to each, one-fourth of the population would still be left without officiating at the organ. The Greek a copy. Christians also sang a song which was Unique Gathering at Peking greatly enjoyed. Finally, the whole Under this heading the Chinese Recorder for March says: "February 12 audience rose and repeated three times., there was held one of the most unique meetings ever heard of in China, and 'Hallelujah,' which was followed by it mav be in the world. Thirteen missiona~y bodies of all creeds met and the Greek Christians doing the same in sang hymns and offered prayers. Fully 800 persons were present, in the their own stately music. Thus ended Church of the American Board. The invitations were issued and the pro- this meeting which, from beginning to gram was prepared under the inspiration of one man, the pastor of the end, was thrillingly interesting and up- North Congregational Church, Rev. Jen Ch·ao-hai. Mr. Jen has long lifting." . been disturbed by the divisions of the Christian hosts, and as the New Year The Passing of Opium approached he thought he would try and make a practical effort. The president of the government college at Fuchau, Ling Hie Ding, is "He was greatly surprised at the also the president of the Anti-Opium cordiality with which he was received League, and is proving a most enerat the Russian mission, and from a getic and efficient leader in the crusade Roman Catholic priest who welcomed against this vice. In this government the plan, saying he was willing that school are students from every part of his members should attend. At the the province, and hostility to the opium Anglican and other missions he met traffic forms part of the teaching and the same cordiality. In due time an instruction which they receive in this afternoon gathering was held, with institution. They become thoroughly Pastor J en as chairman. A song was impregnated with the spirit of their sung by members of Peking Univer- leader in their desire to see the counsity, followed by reading of Scripture; try freed from this vile traffic, and after each passage the assemblage consequently when they return to their said 'Amen,' the Greek Christians in- homes to spend their vacations they make it their chief business and occu- pation to help uproot and destroy this evil. In many places throughout the province they have organized anti- opium societies and have been the lead- ers in raiding the opium dens. Last month when a company of these stu- dents returned to their home near Sin- giu, in the Hinghua Prefecture, and found that the people in that neighbor- hood had planted their fields as usual with poppies, they fearlessly went out and destroyed every plant. The people not having a clear conscience that they were doing right in planting this crop-, and realizing what a strong sentiment was growing up against it, meekly submitted without making the least re- with a total of 112 foreign mlSSlOnasistance. ries,including wives and single women workers. The total number of com- But a small fraction of the ground municants, December 31, I905, was that has formerly been devoted to the I,624. If this force of 1 I2 persons cultivation of the poppy is being used should be equally divided into small for that purpose this year; in some groups of three, each group comprilocalities where only last year, as far zing a married man, his wife, and ·one as the eye could reach, nothing could single woman worker, there would be be seen but fields of growing poppies, 38 such groups in all. Distributed now only one year later the whole is equally throughout the province, each changed and not a single plant remains band would then have a parish of 788 to be seen.-Fuhkien Witness. square miles, and each such parish would contain a population of a little Chinese Treatment of Animals less than 1,000,000.

Miss Jean Cochran calls our atten- JAPAN tion to an error in the statement quoted in our February number in re- Buddhism in Japan gard to the Chinese consideration for the brute creation. She says, and her The Keisei Shimpo, one of the reassertion is borne out by other mission- ligious papers of Japan, remarks in a aries, that the Chinese seem to have recent issue that it is not at all easy no feeling for the suffering of animals. to find out the exact state of Bud- Poor emaciated creatures are over- dhism. "We know," it says, "that there loaded and unmercifully beaten, open are 109,810 temples and 73,3IO priests, sores are probed to make their donkey~ but as to the number of believers there go and often, rats, chickens and other are no available reliable statistics. creatures are tortured without ap- Some sects boast of having 1,000,000 parent reason. adherents and others as many as 2,- 000,000, but the question which we The Religious Needs of One Province put to ourselves is: How many people are there in this country who are pre- China's Milliolls, the organ of the pared to confess their belief in Bud- China Inland Mission, which has by dhism openly? The answer, which far the largest work in China of any truth compels us to give, is, 'Astonforeign missionary society, is now pub- ishingly few.' It is plain that the temlishing month by month a series of ple registers are entirely misleading articles upon the problem of the evan- guides as to the number of adherents gelization of China. The February any sect may have. Thousands of number presents the situation in the names found in these registers should province of Honan, which is taken as be erased, for those whom they reprefairly representative of China as a sent have drifted off to 0ther sects or whole. There are 106 walled citie~ have become Christians or sceptics. in the province; 26 have missionaries; Among those who actually profess 80 have none. In this respect Honan Buddhism a very large number do so is not quite up to the average of the from purely worldly motives or from provinces, for in all the empire there fear of future punishment. Those who are 2,033 walled cities, of which 476 have imbibed the spirit of Shaka, those have missionaries, while 1,557 are who are permeated with devotion to without them. In area Honan is some- the interests and happiness of their. what larger than England and vVales; fellowmen, are lamentably few." in population it surpasses England and is nearly equal to France. Protestant Christian Growth in Japan missions were commenced in the province in 1875, but no permanent foot- The number of adult baptisms in the hold was secured till 1884. There are Protestant churches during 1906 was now some ten societies laboring there, 6,465, an increase of over forty-six per cent as compared with 1905. The KOREA number in 1907 was still greater, but Keeping Sundll7 in Korea the reports are not yet complete. One missionary is sending out every month In Korea, every fifth day is market 2,000 copies of a sheet for the assist- day. On that day every farmer, merance of those who are engaged in Bi- chant, mechanic-everyone is accusble study. It is estimated that more tomed to come and bring what he has than a million of the people of Japan, to sell. A man generally makes more while not profest Christians, are yet money on market day than on the taking the Bible as their guide. other four days doubled. Of course, every few weeks market day comes A remarkable testimony to the on Sabbath. The Korean Christians power of Christianity is furnished in have to endure the sneers and jeers at the request from Prince Ito, who, as their ungodly neighbors when they Governor-General of Korea, has sent keep the ordinary Sabbath day, but a request for missionaries to work when Sunday is market day, they sufamong the Japanese who have become fer considerable financial loss, by stayresidents of that country. It is one ing away from the market. Yet we are told that on a recent Sabbath marof the marked results of the war that ket day in Chunju, more than 1,000 the religion of the Bible has secured men and boys were counted in Saband retains a popularity among all the bath-school. This is heroic faith, and Japanese that it never had before. is worthy of the highest commenda- tion. Would that the home Church An important and significant devel- kept the Sabbath as bravely.-Chrisopment of opportunities for good is tian Observer. the supplying of American collegegraduates to teach English in the J apanese government schools. The re- quest came unsought to the Y. M. . Walking Fifty Miles for Bible Study C. A. International Committee in Ja- A recent letter from Rev. Eugene pan, and they have taken special pains Dell tells of a Bible Study Class of to secure men who unite Christian 300 men which was held for two weeks character with teaching ability. at Kwanju. Twenty-five of these men walked over fifty miles to attend this Growth of the Congregational Churches study class, and all the members of The last issue of the Christian the class paid all their own expenses.

Movement in Japan gives the most re- In closing this letter, Mr. Bell re- cent statistics of missions in the em- marks, "As is well known, the bulk of pire. From these tables we take the mission work in Korea is done and following items relating to the cooper- paid for by the natives themselves.

ating work of the American Board Of five native helpers in my field, two with the Kumi-ai churches: are supported by the mission and three Missionaries, inciuding wives (men 24, wo- by the native Church," The new Ko- men 25) ………………………..• 70 rean Presbytery began its career by .

Japanese ministers (ordained 54, unor- 91 appointing and sending, on native sup- I dained 37) ………………………. 23 port, an evangelist to the island of Japanese Bible-women ……………….

Communicants …………………….. 12,604 Quelhart. Adult baptisms during- year…………… 1,749 Preaching places not organized churches.. 35 Korea: One Missionary's Work Organized churches …………………. 87 Rev. L. B. Tate of the American Churches wholly self-supporting ……….. 50 Presbyterian Mission (South), ex- Cburches partly self-supporting- ……….. 67 amined last year 1,517 people; 851 for Sunday-schools ………….. _… _. . . . . . . 38 the first time; 320 new catechumens and 236 others, making 556 on the roll; Teachers and scholars ………………. 10,428 375 were baptized-three times the Haised by Japanese churches for all pur- number received by the whole Presby- tery of Missouri and about three times B!.~~~~g-~~h~~is":::::: ~:::::::::::::::: :$29'72~ Total students …………………….. ) ,369 554 Day-school students ………………… 38 Theological students ………………… I nm~te~ of orphanages and homes (2 in- 1,240 stItutIons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. the number received in all our The Filipino ChriltilD churches in St. Louis and Kansas City, p'. Rev. S. Hibbard in speaking of Mo. Of his 30 meeting places, 3 are the ChnstIan character of the Filipino, new, 4 new church buildings and 12 says that we must be careful to dis- old ones improved. His people con- tinguish it from the worldly and un- tributed to various Christian work the converted character with which many equivalent of 12,000 days' wages. Americans have come in contact. Mr.

Korea: One Woman', Work Hibbard continues: Miss Mattie Tate, of the same mis- We have had examples in Cebu of sion, this vear has broken the record on what stuff the Christian converts are under most trying circumstances. In itinerating. She has attempted to fol- one of the small towns of Cebu lived a low all of the men's work and has had man named Casiano, a Protestant. He classes in all three of the outstations. kept talking about his new faith so much Eighteen classes have been held, an that he was deemed an undesirable char- acter by th~ j?s.tice of the peace, and immense amount of teaching. She w:as placed In .JaIl. The charge against walked 135 miles, making seven trips, hIm was that hIS brother owed the priest spending a good part of the work-year three dollars for having married him. in the country. These classes varied When a procession was passing, three men and a policeman entered his cell from 6 to 82 in numbers. The work and demanded that he kneel down while assigned Miss Tate would keep a small it passed. He refused and the three men mission busy. and the policeman proceeded to sit on him.

A few days later a policeman entered ISLANDS OF THE SEA his cell at night and asked him to kiss The Head-hunten of Borneo a crucifix and go free. Again he refused. At last, after twenty days in jail, he Rev. H. L. E. Luering writes In the London Christian: escaped and made his way to the city of Cebu, where the missionaries brought The "head-hunting" propensities of the the matter to the attention of the au- Dyaks are well known to the students thorities, and the justice of the peace of ethnology. The leading thought in the taking of heads is the idea that the resigned. Casiano was an iguorant felconqueror could secure the "soul" of the low and was in jail twenty days; he did conquered and add it to his own, increas·· not know that he would ever regain his ing thereby his courage and strength, and consequently his reputation as a freedom; but there was never a thought of being false to his simple profession in hero, so long as the head of the victim remained in his possession. It is, there- the little chapel when he was baptized. I have just visited a congregation in fore, the custom of the people, after battle, to wrap the severed heads in a the north of Negros Island, and spoke loose crate of rattan, and smoke them to an audience of four or five hundred. over a fire of damp wood and leaves. Most of the people had walked not less Then they hang the ghastly trophies than a mile to the service, and many had in the houses in bundles having an un- corne six and seven miles, bringing the canny resemblance to gigantic clusters of grapes, each head forming a berry. children with them. One walked horne These war-trophies are considered by after the morning service and brought the Dyaks their most sacred possessions, his little child for the evening service, and guarded with the utmost jealousy so that it might be baptized. He must have walked twelve miles over the mountains in the midst of a heat that was simply prostrating.

and vigilance. Their loss would mean OBITUARY not only a considerable decrease of per- sonal prestige, but also the loss of a Bishop Charles H. Fowler part of the "soul," i.e., of courage and Bishop Fowler, who was recently· called to his reward, as missionary strength. bishop of the Methodists, organized Pe- I hav~ often had the questionable priv- ilege of sitting under the bundles of heads in the Dyak houses as the seat of king University in NorthernChina,and honor, and to examine them closely. Nanking University in Central China, Anakoda Unsang, who claimed to be my and the first M. E. Church in St. Pefriend, was not a talkative man, but, when roused from his usual stolidity, would tersburg, Russia. The $21,000,000 relate the circumstances of many a battle twentieth century fund, he suggested. and victory in the past with apparent He was a noted orator, and left a deep impression on his generation. gusto, not unwilling to declare his courage and reputed invulnerability.

THE MISSIONARY

THE UNFINISHED TASK. By James L. and numerical results of mISSIOns. Barton, D.D. I2mo, 2II pp. 50 cents Bishop Mylne's conclusions are that cloth, 35 cents paper. Student Volun- the book of Acts furnish us with the teer Movement, New York, 1908. best manual of missionary methods: ( I) that a man should confine his This text-book for mission study work to a district rather than seek classes gives in brief compass the ar- to cover a province, concentration guments and facts which should lead rather than diffusion; (2) caste is to men to complete the task of evangeliz- be treated from the outset as in deadly ing the world. The outline is clear antagonism to the Gospel and so should and simple, the reasoning logical and be exterminated; (3) the educational the facts forceful. It is an appeal to mission has had its day and has done reason and conscience-marshaling the its work in India, except to give Chriswell-known facts relating to the mis- tian training to converts; (4) the ultisionary motive, the condition of non- mate success or failure of work for Christians and the achievements and Hindus must depend most of all on the resources of the Church in such a way discernment exercised by missionaries as t9 impress any thoughtful man or in guiding their people to ultimate inwoman. Dr. Barton first considers dependence. the meaning of our Lord's Commission and the obligation of Christians to HEATHENISM UNDER THE SEARCHLIGHT. By fulfil it. He then reviews the extent Wm. Remfry Hunt. Illustrated. of the non-Christian world and the ob- 12mo, 152 pp. Morgan & Scott, Lonstacles to be overcome. Finally he de- don, 1908. scribes briefly the missionary successes of the early Church and Mr. Hunt, for some years a misof the nineteenth century and the pres- sionary in China, has been deeply iment available resources of the Church. prest but not opprest by the dark ways It is an unusually complete and con- of heathenism. He sees the light densed presentation of the missionary breaking on this darkness and believes call to thoughtful Christian young men that a great change is already taking and young women. place. The picture of conditions in China shows the foulness of heathen MISSIONS. TO HINDUS. By Bishop Mylne. customs and the failure of heathen I2mo, 189 pp. $1.00, net. Longmans, creeds. Incidents from personal expe- Green and Co., 1908. rience bring out the lights and shadows of the scenes, and the excellent pho- Dr: Louis George Mylne, for twenty tographic illustrations are well chosen years Bishop of Bombay has given Ul> to deepen the impression. We would in these lectures a valuable contribu- not recommend reading the book as a tion to the study of missionary meth- pastime but the reader could scarcely ods in India. There is too little study fail to become convinced that China of methods even among missionaries. sorely needs the Gospel of Christ and Haphazard plans and unformed ideas, needs it now. the dependence on personal experience for the formation of missionary poli- BREAKING DOWN CHINESE WALLS. By Elcies, has resulted in much wasted en- liot I. Osgood, M.D. Illustrated. ergy and sad failures. Bishop Mylne 12mo, 217 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. has made a study of India, the Hin- Revell Co., New York, 1908. dus and missionary methods adapted to work among them. All will not There has probably been no greatagree with his conclusions, but they er factor used by the Spirit of are worthy of close study. He dis- God to overcome Chinese prejucusses caste, Hindu theology, Hindu dice and win friends to the Goscharacter, how to meet the caste prob- pel of Christ than medical missions. lem in city and village, and the moral Dr. Osgood, who has for eight years conducted a hospital in central China,

gives many instances connected with two and a half million of Protestant his hospital and dispensary work and Sunday-school scholars in the world visits in the homes of the people to over two million are in Roman Catho- shoV just what the medical missionary lic and non-Christian lands. There are sees and the results of his work. It also two hundred thousand Sunday- is a practical, concrete, delightful school teachers in mission lands. story of Dr. Osgood's observations and experiences. MISSIONARY PICTURES. 25 by 30 inches. 75 cents a set. Order from Denomina- THE WONDERFUL STORY OF UGANDA. By J. tional House.

D. Mullins. I2mo, 235 pp. Illus- The Young People's Missionary trated. Church Missionary Society, Movement has published a novel series London, 1907. of pictures for use in Sunday-schools. They are enlargements from photo- This is a second edition of an im- graphs, 25 by 30 inches, so that they pressive piece of missionary history can be seen across the room. A brief brought up-to-date with Supplemen- story accompanies each. The six subtary Chapters. It shows what has jects already published are been done in the banner mission of the Church Missionary Society. FOll.EIGN MISSIONS: (I) A Wayside Shrine in Japan, (2) A Dog Preach- THE KONGO CRISIS. By H. Grattan Guin- ing a Sermon (Burma), (3) A Chinese ness, M.D. Pamphlet, 6d. S. W. Christian Student. Partridge & Co., London, 1908. HOME MISSIONS: (I) An Italian Rag- The contrast to Leopold's regime in picker's Home, (2) What is a Typethe Kongo State and England's rule writer (Indians), (3) Boys from the in Uganda is immeasurable. One is Street. Christian-the other devilish, one aims at the betterment of the native races These can be used to splendid adand the other at their exploitation for vantage for Sunday-school talks. private greed. The story of Leopold's inhumanity is vividly portrayed and NEW BOOKS arouses indignation; we trust that it will bring about reforms. THE LAND OF Mos.QuES AND MINARETS. By Francis Miltoun. Illustrated. I2mo, SUNDAY-SCHOOLS THE WORLD ROUND. Thc 442 pp. $3.00. L. C. Page & Co., Bos- official report of the World's Fifth ton, 1908. Sunday-school Convention, Rome, Italy. Edited by Philip E. Howard. HISTORY OF WESTERN TIBET. By Rev. A. I2mo, 422 pp. Illustrated. $1.00 net. H. Francke. I2mo. 2S, 6d, net. S. W. World's Sunday-school Executive Partridge & Co., London, 1907. Committee, Philadelphia, 1907. THE PROGRESS OF THE KINGDOM IN INDIA. This is a well edited volume giving Dr. Jacob Chamberlain. I2mo. $1.50, the story of the World's Fifth Sunday- net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1908. school Convention in Rome, of which our esteemed associate editor, Rev. F. THE SOCIAL EVIL IN JAPAN. By U. G. B. Meyer, was elected president. The Murphy. I2mo, 172 pp. 50 cents. report includes an interesting account Methodist Publishing House, Tokyo, of preparations, cruise, meetings, and 190 8. exhibition, with reports of the addresses and many other valuable fea- THE NEZ PERCES INDIANS SINCE LEWIS AND tures. The missionary side of Sun- CLARK. By Kate C. McBeth. I2mo, day-school work was emphasized in an 272 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell address by A. C. Monro of England, Co., 1908. and by numerous reports from the world-field. These are eye-openers on HOME MISSIONS STRIKING HOME. By Jothe progress of the Sunday-school seph Ernest McAfee. 12mo, 127 pp. work in mission fields. Of the twenty- 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1908.

WINNING THE Boy. Lilburn Merrill, M.D. I2mo, 160 pp. 75 cents. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., 1908.

A LIFE WITH A PURPOSE. (John L. Thurston.) By Henry B. Wright. 12mo, 317 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revel1 Co., 1908.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1904

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Copyrig hted by the 1,ouisiana. Pu rchase E ::a:pOtIition A NUBIAN RUNNER FROM CAIRO AT ST. LOUIS Missionary Review of the World Old Series t NOVEMBER ~ New Series VOL. XXVII. No.l1j l VOL. XVII. No. 11 THE WORLD AND THE CHURCH, AND THE SPIRIT OF ENTERPRISE SOME LESSONS FROM THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF When our Lord said, "The children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light," He announced that fact without approving it. The world shows wisdom, not in the ends chosen, but in using the means best fitted to reach the ends; the children of light, while choosing the best ends, often fail to use the means most adapted to insnre success.

The St. Louis Exposition is a striking example of both sagacity and capacity yoked to a worldly enterprise, and suggests many hints too unique and valuable to be dismissed with a hasty glance.

1. For instance, mark the lavishness of outlay. Some $40,000,000 were laid on the 'altar of enterprise for a six months' exhibit. At first view, this seems reckless waste. ' A city of beauty, more than realizing the dreams of the" Arabian Nights," springs up, as under the enchanter's wand, to yanish, as suddenly, when its brief mission is over. God, who has infinite resources, can afford to paint huge cloud pictures of sunrise and sunset, to destroy them in five minutes; but man's poverty forbids prodigality, and yet all this elaborate and costly splendor is created for a few weeks' existence, then to dissolve into nothingness, leaving behind only a memory.

The world denies that this expenditure is wasteful. Beyond the summer treat for excursionists, the political statesman and the mercantile seer discern a new impulse to trade and commerce, and a permanent advance all along the line. Even the materialist knows the eternal value of ideas that may stir some creative brain to fresh activity and achievement, kindle into new flame the inventive or construction genius of some new Bacon or Newton, Franklin or Faraday, Arkwright or Edison. To add to civilization some new force or factor millions of golden treasure and months of herculean labor seem to men a paltry price; and, from a worldly point of view, it is so. What the last decade of years has brought to light, in the one realm of science, that is absolutely new, or relatively new in its application and adaptation to human wants, shows what the mind of man can do when quickened

into activity. Wise men urge national governments, at public ex- pense,at least once in every decade, to provide a new exposition, look- ing for ample returns for all outlay in permanent progress and pros- perity.

2. This exposition is a triumph of earnest cooperation, of thorough organization, system in perfection. The most intelligent, experienced, public-spirited men and women meet, and outline a scheme that is gradually wrought out into the most minute details. Then, from the genius that plans, it is but a step to the talent that executes – the selection of the best architects and builders, artists and workmen, the purehase of material, and the supervision of every department of the work.

The whole community is searched for the wisest and ablest citizens to give the dream visible shape, and who link wisdom and wealth, the seer and statesman with the merchant and man- ufacturer, for the success of the one RON. DAVID R. FRANCIS scheme. Those who have had to do with prevJous expositions are asked to President of the St. Louis Fair, who Inter- give tlie results of their experience and viewed three Kings and a Pre,Ident with- observation, one man being commis- in two weeks. He has been Mayor of St. sioned for a two years' tour of inves- Louis, Governor of Missouri, and Secre· tary of the Interior tigation of over twelve hundred industries.

. Oooperation such as this is not secured without cultivating friendly relations; conciliation must first take the place of contention, and per- suasive arguments of repellant antagonism; and so, not only va.rious States of one nation, but even foreign peoples, so united in one enter- prise that it was like a harmonious anthem or international oratorio.

Hostile rivalries gave way to wholesome emulation. Every land contrib- uted its best, lavishly giving for the general good its richest ideas as well as products, the result being a display not only of the actualities but the possibilities of a high civilization, charming the eye and enchant- ing the imagination. It is a unique sight-nations joining hands in a grand exhibit which might stir both brain and brawn to do their best, compelling men to realize what. already is, and to catch a glimpse of what is to be and maybe, inspiring new invention and discovery, resolve and endeavor.

3. Another marked feature was oblivion of the past. Every such exhibit is a deliberate and laudable attempt to outdo all that went before. Spinoza counted as the fatal hindrance to progress self-com-

WORLD AND CHURCH, AND THE SPIRIT OF ENTEltPRISE

placency, and the laziness it begets. The world is never content with past successes; its goal of yesterday is its starting-point for to-morrow. The new must excel, if not eclipse, the old, and the year past is beginning to be thought of as comparatively a remote period. Colossal as was the Chicago Exposition, that at St. Louis covers twice as much Rpace-a square mile-and, besides lagoons, a varied contour of hills instead of Chicago's monotonous flatness, and on this site sixteen hundred buildings, one covering sixteen and another twenty acres. In Copydghtt'd by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition AN AZTEC FORGE IN MEXICAN COPPER-MINE EXHIBIT This was in striking contrast to the modern mines shown in full operation one structure the booths had, on the various aisles, a frontage of nine miles. .

" Progress" was written large over the who.1e exhibit. Everywhere comparison even with that of eleven years before reminds one of Gladstone's sage remark, that in our century a decade of years eclipses, in invention and discovery, a cycle of the past. Humanity has put on the fabled "seven-league boots," and moves forward by great strides and leaps. A backward look to 1804 shows that almost all the master improvements of the ages in the secular sphere belong to the last century; but the pace of progress has been of late 80 much more rapid that days now count for years, and 1914 will leave 1904 hopelessly behind. Fifty thousand fertile brains' are busy with the most improved instruments-telescopic, microscopic, spectroscopic, electric, telegraphic, chemical, exploring the unknown, and radium

hints how startling may be the possible revelations of the immediate future. One hundred and fifty thousand dollars were appropriated to encourage experiments in aerial navigation. Man's next triumph over the elements may be to sail in the air as now on the water.

The world promptly abandons what is old for what is obviously better. The tallow candle is forgotten in the oil lamp, the lamp in the gas-jet, and this again in the electric arc; the old stage-coach is displace:l by the steam-car, and that in turn by the electric train; and gas engines and electric motors bid fair to banish even steam as a motive power. The old wooden plow gave way to the iron one, and the hand cradle to the horse and steam reaper; and now eight gang steam plows furrow forty acres a day, and the ground is fertilized, cultivated, sown, and harvested by machinery, new patents displacing the old so fast that some Western farmers feel it to be scarcely worth while to house their agricultural implements over winter because they will be out of date before they are worn out. The telegraph promises to transmH, mechanically, a thousand words a minute, and may largely -displace the penny post by making instantaneous communication so cbeap and easy that we may soon be sending fifty words for a dime, not only to Oregon and Alaska, but to India -and China. The woTld impatiently dismisses as antiquated any device that does not best serve its ends. There is no veneration for mere age and custom, but the controlling question is, How can any desired work be best and quickest done? Utility rules the day, and tbis is counted not waste but wisdom. Time is sbort, and must be saved; toil is wearing, and must be spared. Progress is a giant that, armed with the iron flail of Talus, goes about demolishing whatever is found to be an inferior method of securing a given result.

Learning Through Eyegate 4. This exposition illustrates the uses of the eye, the power of the spectacular. Theories are reduced to practise and em bodied in visible forms and object-lessons, for Eyegate, as well as Eargate, opens into Mansoul. The projectors of this exposition have learned that it is a great thing to make a fact visible and to utilize the power of Gontrastj and so T~incoln's log cabin, with bis mother's spinning-wheel, and the old chimney, by whose log fire the boy read his" four books," is seen, side by side with the model dwelling with its superb furnishing and finishing, its electric light and heat and perfection of detail, and the pioneer locomotive is contrasted with the newest French model, war- rantedJo surpass all others in speed; rudest ancient vehicles stand beside the automobile and electric trolley; and from the original vil~ lages of the rude Filipinos and Igorrotes one looks upon the finest models of city architecture, dress, and manners.

But the main use of the spectacular here is to instruct and inform

WORLD AND CHURCH, AND THE SPIRIT OF ENTERPRISE

– .- – Copyrighted by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition A MORO HOUSE IN THE PHILIPPINE EXHIBIr thronglt the eye. What descriptive book would ever impress we reader as the observer is here impressed by the real coal-mine, 1,750 feet long, or the mining-gulch, with all its active operations, constructed at a cost of $60,000; or the model schools, with living teachers and classes, and the various manufactures, as of a shoe, from the rawhide to the finished foot-wear; the cooking-classes, with electric ranges; the rock drilling and blasting; the oldest sr.lelting-furnaces side by side with the newest Denver smelting-works, and the modern forge, with its giant steam-hammer and busy workmen?

'fhis is an exhibition of the ntility of science, insuring exactness and accuracy, even in cutting and weighing a piece of cheese, detecting water in milk, disease germs in food and drink, and destroying what is hurtful to health. Charts show, at a glance, comparative intelligence and illiteracy, expenditures of all sorts, the proportion of

THE 1I08810NARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

classic and scientific students, the location and capacity of school. houses in a State, the comparative size of different foreign countries as compared with the -various states of the Union, the work of agricultural and mechanical colleges and experiment stations-for which latter exhibit alone the United States spent $100,000. A map with small red circles represents agricultural stations, and their distribution in North and South America and Europe; and, as South America shows but ten, while all Europe is starred with them, it is a wonder no more that the European harvests average twelvefold greater. The photograph and biograph put before the eye all the German universities, with their perfected medical apparatus, and show the model factories Copyrighted by t.he Louisiana Purchase Exposition IGORROTES COMING FROM SCHOOL IN THE PHILIPPINE EXHIBIT of Paterson and of Westinghouse, four hundred views maKing the observer a visitor, without interrupting a business where eleven thousand are employed. But the maximum of lessons taught through the eye is reached in the Belgian map, showing every schoolhouse in the kingdom, and the number of pupils in each pledged as life abstainers. Out of 103,830, 41,034 are on this list, and since this plan was set on foot a total of 88,976 have taken this pledge of warfare against strong drink.

Oonstant appeals are made to the eye, as in stalactic caves and turquoise-mines, oil-wells, with derrick in use, with the boring machinery forty times heavier than that first used, tile process of preparing clay and making the finest pottery, etc. Wireless telegraphy exhibits its miracles, and wireless telephones challenge trial. Even the story of Oreation is represented by an elaborate system and series of scenes and tableaux vivants. and there are illusions to illustrate

WORLD AND CRURCR, AND TRE SPIRIT OF ENTERPRISE

Shakespeare's saying, that" our eyes are made the fools of our other senses."

In a word, here, as never before, is a practical recognition of the vast power of the eye as a channel for impressions to reach the brain.

The whole display is meant to dazzle yet not dim the vision. Those who have neither the time nor will to read technical books can not help seeing what science and invelltivCl g e n ius have discovered and de- vised. The exposition be· comes a vast illuminated vol u me, unconsciously read by people of all tongues, without tram;la- tion and at a glance. The capacity of man to take in visual impressions has never been measured or appreciated. But the eye, as the great educator of the race, is beginning to be used as never before.

Moreover, the appeals to the eye are irresistible.

every accessory of form and color being studiously arranged so that even It cursory glance a r res t s the visitor and he finds him s elf involuntarily Copy<ighl'd by Ih, Louisiana Purchase Exposition stopping to observe and EDUCATED YISAYAN MAIDENS AT ST. LOUIS study closely. These fifteen and sixteen year old "irls from the Philippines talk excellent English after only four months study 5. Most of all, this exposition shows the world's jealous care of t'tself. Whatever man's wants or wishes, his craving must be met. No pains are spared to make it easier for the workman to do his work, the traveler speedily and luxuriously to journey, or the scientist and student successfully to pursue his investigations. "Rapidity" and "facility" are the goal of modern inventions. To lessen wear and tear, increase pleasure and profit, and set both brain and brawn free of fetters-this is a sufficient inspiration and incentive. Federal aid, granted by the United States alone to institutions of agriculture and mechanics, covers $16,000,000 in land, and as much more in money. Germany, in the one city of Berlin, builds two hundred and sixty model school- houses, stocks them with stuffed birds, vases, etc., that pupils may

sketch direct from the object, and provides model apparatus for lime- light lectures.

The world studies comfort, as in the model trolley ·car with its crystal chamber for the motorman, its easy-chairs for the passenger, and its private salon for the elite, and, because safety is a condition of comfort, invention is taxed to secure immunity from accident. What new care also for human health! In nothing, perhaps, has advance been more rapid than in the discovery and destruction of disease germs, and we are only at the starting-point yet. The German section so magnifies hygiene that the special catalogue is one of 246 pages, and in this is laid down this fundamental law : "THE MAINTENANCE OF THE HEALTH OF THE INDIVIDUAL IS THE CHIEF REQUIREMENT OF THE HEALTHY GROWTH OF THE STATE."

Thus the state, for the sake of self-preservation, seeks popular health, for the power of a nation to defend and advance itself hangs on the healthy growth of every citizen; and, therefore, Germany nurtures a sinewy and robust manhood and womanhood, and with great results. In 1902 there were in the whole empire but two hundred and twelve smallpox cases, while New York and St. Louis together had about four thousand in 1901; in that year Germany reports but one fatal case of typhoid to a million inhabitants-only one-sixteenth the fatality of a quarter century before 1 The fireless engine is devised for mines where dangerous gases hide, water is purified by automatic filters, and a thousand devices protect human health. Men are taught how to banish smut from wheat crops and malarial mosquitoes from their villas, to diminish risk of fire and flood, to detect adulteration in food, to prevent as well as cure disease. Worldly genius and talent combine to promote health and prolong life, and make what life we live more comfortable and enjoyable. The world may forget what is beyond the grave, but it is zealous enough for a smooth pathway from the cradle to the inevitable tomb.

6. This exposition was meant to show the value of social enlightenment, what education is doing for the race. Japan's great ,,!xh ibit is startling: the hermit nation of 1854, fifty years later is ill the front rank of world powers, civil and military. Whatever any nation learns it teaches. The world is coming to recognize that man forms a great family with family ties and interests, and the treasures of each are to enrich all the rest. What is created is to be distributed until the whole race is raised to a higher social and intellectual level.

There is a special pride in exhibiting what an enlightened age is doing for UJornanhnd. Her new status is displayed here on an nnprecedented scale, her legal standing as a citizen, property holder, voter, participator in business and professional employments, her emancipation from menial drudgery. By the increase of household conve-

WORLD AND CHUROH, AND THE SPIRIT OF ENTERPRISE

niences, mechanical contrivances for sweeping and dusting, heating and lighting and cooking, and even washing dishes, Invention is seen to triumph by releasing from the menial and mechanical, that there may be more leisure and liberty for the intellectual and artistic.

And education is provided in new and strange ways. The printing- press and postal system are subsidized for the conduct of over two hun- d red " correspondence schools," one of which registers twenty thousand students, with a staff of twenty teachers; and an- D the r, seven hundred thousand stUdents, with three thousand two hun- dred instructors and em- ployees. Courses of study number one hundred and fifty. In chemistry, for example, the studies cover five years, at a cost of but $90, with text-books at nominal cost and exam- ination by post. In teach- ing foreign tongues even phonographs are used to il!-sure accuracy in pro- nunciation and accent.

All the discoveries and inventions of the age arc thus yoked to the car of Copyr(p:llted by the Louisiana Purchase lUposition hu man progress. A GLIMpSE OF THE JAPANESE IMPERIAL GA.RDEN Some Leuon. of the This fs a part of Japan's mammoth exhibit, Which covers Jo aU 148,361 square feet Exposition These are a few of the striking features of this the latest World's Fair, showing the indomitable spirit of enterprise which thus makes possible the most gigantic achievements. We have not stopped by the way to draw lessons and point a moral, partly because the inte1ligence of any reflective reader will have made it unnecessary. !tis difficult to look at such an enterprise so carried into operation, and not feel how the best energies and endeavors of the Church of Chl'ist are both outstripped and put to S}Jl~me by the eArnestness and absorption manifested where worldly ends are sought. But it can not beamiss to lay SOJl)e stress upon a few of these features of this great exposition, as illustrating the duty and privilege of God's people in the department

of church life and work. By as much as Ohristian ends are superior, so should the means be wisely adapted to the goal in view.

For example, what ()ould not be done for Ohrist and humanity in this higher sphere were there any such generous outpour of money! While this peaceful drama of the nations draws millions of visitors an awful tragedy is being enacted in the Far East, in which millions of dollars and t.housands of lives are sacrificed every week for waging a conflict which, but for a selfish spirit of aggrandizement, never would have been. 'rhis war has already cost in blood and t~easure more than all the missions of a century! And yet so reckless has been the outlay of both men and money that for the sake of what is called « patriotism" there is not even a halt in the terrible march to death. Yet, while the army of Christ is engaged in a peaceful campaign for the spiritual conquest of the world, not to destroy lives but to save them, not to wreck but to build up homes, not to win fading laurels but immortal crowns, our missionary boards are perp,etual1y in debt, money comes slowly and in driblets, and there is at times talk of suspending mission work because, it is said, the mission field is a cemetery of workers. If, for the sake of material interests, men of the world can furnish $40,000,000 for a summer's exhibit, what ought not the Ohurch of Ohrist to do in lavish giving to furnish a saving Gospel message to the desolate, degraded, depraved souls of a lost race?

Where is our enterprisefor God ?-our courage and constancy, our hopefulness and heroism? What hinders our thorough organization and cordial cooperation when we are joined not only in one political bond or racial relationship, but in the mystic Body of Christ? Where is the spirit of conciliation that makes much of great points of agreement and little of minor matters of difference, and where is the zeal for God's work that prompts every member to accept his full share of labor and sacrifice for the general good. Shall a selfish world outdo us in altruism, more ready to give its best for the common uplifting than disciples are to dispense the bread of life?

How slow we are to forsake what is outgrown, and sometimes even cramping and crippling, and take what is newer if it is better! How foolishly conservative the Church often is, holding fast a dead creed or dead forms, or dead works, instead of shewing a holy impatience with what has no longer life and power ! We forget Cyprian's proverb, that custom is often only the old age of error. It has come to be too easily accepted that nothing that is new is true. Essential truth is eternal, but its expression and adaptation are ever changing. The work for God is one in all ages, but its methods and measures fit each new age only by new study of that age, We can not too soon leave behind us what is obviously no longer useful for the highest ends.

We have only begun to understand the val1te of vision, as well as hearing, in impressing spiritual facts and truths. Not until

WORLb AND CHURell, AND THE SPIRIT OF ENTERPIUSE

of late has the Church really begun to use maps and charts and visible objects to ad,ance the education of her members.. What is a mission- al'Y meeting without a missionary map? Thank God for the Student Volunteers, with their charts of comparative evangelization, expenditure, and occupation, and especially for the Church Missionary Society, with its pioneer effort at missionary expositions where the facts of the mission fields are set forth before the eye, the customs and costumes, native huts and habits, and the improvements realized under Gospel teaching. There is room for a thousandfold increase in this direction. Every live church should have its complete series of maps and charts to make the facts and needs of the world field potent and impreSSive.

Surely man's spiritual enlightenment far outweighs all mere social and political improvement. If children are worth such effort to make them abstainers from drink, what of their salvation from impurity and impiety. Shall schoolmasters use more systematio endeavor to secure signatures to an abstinence pledge than parents and Sunday- school teachers and pastors to lead them to subscribe with their own hands to the Lord? If a child's nature is so impressible to the example and precept of temperance, may it not be molded iuto Christ- liness?

A Challenge to the Church The exposition is a challenge to the Church to prepare her members for work, patiently and persistently using the press and the post to disseminate information, until disciples understand the facts of human need, the work that is doing, and the fruits of missionary toiL God has given invention and discovery to be subsidized and utilized. Back of human brains and hands is the universal Mind, and He who said" Go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every oreature " has, in the devices of man's ingenuity, furnished new implements for His work and new weapons for His war. We need to read history rightly by seeing God in it alL He means that the world shall have the Gospel, and He is providing steam and the press and the post and the telegraph, and every other great engine of progress and bond of intercommunication, to speed the work and. make it easier. These are all so many paths to the great goal, so many means to the grand end. Education and civilization are mighty forces for promoting intelligence ancI enlightenment. But the culture of the ages has supplied no new lever to uplift human souls to the level of salvation. The Gospel of Christ still remains the one and only hope of saving men from sin. Even the highest civilization, if it be Godless, only builds a Babylon doomed to destruotion. God ollly oan oonstruot that New Jerusalem which is let down out of heaven, the true city of God.

CHRISTIAN WORK AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION BY THE REV. CHARLES STELZLE, ST. LOUIS, MO. Author of "The Working Man and SociaIProhlems," etc.

It has been argued that a World's Fair season, with its attendant excitement, on account of a great host of visitors, is no time for the prosecution of an evangelistic campaign. One is reminded, however, that the greatest revival in the history of the Church was witnessed in Jerusalem, on the Day of Pen- tecost, when the city was crowded with the people of all nations.

Ever since that memorable occa- sion good men have been praying for" Pentecostal" revivals of re- ligion. Who will dare say that God may not again pour out His Spirit upon the natiops as they come from all parts of the world to the greatest exposition since the world began? He is bold indeed who declares that God can not repeat what He has already done, under what in many ways were more unfavorable circum- stances than those which prevail CHARLES STELZLE in St. Louis in this year of grace.

General Secretary of the Presbyterian Evangelistic Some, at least, are awake to Committee of World's Fair Campaign, St. Louis the possibilities along evangelistic lines which the Louisiana Purchase Exposition has brought to Chris- tian workers, and they are laboring aggressively to meet the needs of the hour. There is no union movement in the city, altho a dozen or more evangelists are conducting" union" services. No doubt they are all doing good. 'rent services are being held by independent organizations or by independent evangelists in different sections of the town, and many others are planning to come to the Fair as the way seems to open. Indeed, St. Louis is the Mecca not only of the foot-loose preacher of a Gospel that rings with genuineness, but it has become attractive to the teacher of every fad and f!tllCY of which the human brain can conceive. At times it would seem a slander on man- kind to hold it responsible for some of the vagaries which are heard on the streets or in the tents. But all this makes the Word of God, spoken in sincerity and in the power of the Spirit, stand out more clearly.

The nearest approach to a union movement in the city is the effort being put forth by the Presbyterian Ministers' Association, which is

CHRISTIAN WORK AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION

composed of all branches of Presbyterians represented in St. J.Jouis, cooperating with the Committee on Evangelistic Work of the Presbyterian General Assembly (North).

This work was inaugurated early in July, under the direction of the writer, who was appointed a special representative of the Evangelistic Committee for the World's Fair campaign. Grad ually the work has grown, until there are now being h eld from eight to ten meetings every day, with an attendance of from three thousand to seven thousand daily. At least five hundred conversions per week are being reported. The meetings are held in tents in the east end of the city, THE EVANGELISTIC TENT, "GLAD TIDINGS , " ON A RA INY :N IGHT'

and in the west end, where working people live. Two Gospel wagons are being operated in the down-town districts, and shop meetings are held daily in the largest factories, at which there has sometimes been an attendance of nearly one thousand working people. Sunday meetings are held in the city jail. The manager of the Inside Inn, the largest hotel in the world, and within the Fair grounds, has invited the committee to hold meetings on the porch every Sunday afternoon, offering every facility that would help the services. The audiences are made up entirely of strangers in the city, and the attendance has never been le3s than one thousand. Meetings have also been held in the auditorium of the Christian Endeavor Hotel on Sunday afternoons. Mnsic Hall, which is in the 11eart of th e down-town hotel district, is being used on Sunday nights. It will seat three thousand persons, and at every meeting the hall has been filled. Meanwhile every Presbyterian Ohurch in the city is open, and the pastors and the people are pushing

an aggressive campaign in their own neighborhoods. This is true of practically every other church in the city, even tho no outside evan- gelistic work may be attempted. Among those who have assisted in the work thus far are the Rev. J. Wilbur Ohapman, D.D.; Rev. L. W.

Munhall, D.D.; Rev. Henry Montgomery, D.D., of Belfast, Ireland; Rev. Oharles H. Tyndall, Ph.D.; Rev. William A. Sunday, Rev. George B. Stewart, D.D.; Rev. Teunis Hamlin, D.D.; Rev. W. H. Hubbard, D.D.; Rev. David E. Jenkins, D.D. ; Rev. Joseph Odell, of Birming- ham, England; Oharles N. Hunt, Rev. D. S. Toy, and Ohester Birch.

Among the singing evangelists were: Prof. D. B. Towner, Oharles M. Alexander, Prof. W. S. Weeden, George A. Fisher, L. W. Brown, Frank Dickson, and S. D. Goodale.

Beginning about the first of Oc- tober, Dr. Chapman will come to the city to hold noonday meetings in a downtown theater, the night meetings to be held in the Wash- ington and Oompton Avennes Ohurch.

In addition to the work being don e among English-speaking people, the Presbyterian Evangel- istic Committee is carrying on a work for the .foreigners. The Rev.

Shosaku Baba, of Osaka, Japan, SAM RAN conducted services for the Japan- ese, and for work among the Chr1stian Chinese missionary workiug at Ohinese the committee has secured tbe St. Louis Exposition the services of Mr. Sam Han, recently of New Orleans. Mr. Han is a graduate of the Ohinese mission school of Rev. Huie Kin, in New York. Later he studied in Pennington, N. J., the Dwight School in New York, and the University of Michigan, where he studied medicine. Mr. Han spends mucn of his time among his 'countrymen in the city and at the World's Fair gronnds, visiting the sick in thtl hospitals, carrying to them Ohristian literature, and assisting them as he has opportunity. -Once a week the wagon is used for an open-air meeting in Ohinatown, where the Gospel is listened to attentively by crowds of Ohinamen. Assisting in this work is the Rev. E. W.

Thwing, Superintendent of the Ohinese Mission in the Hawaiian Islands. Directly in charge of the work among the Chinese is the band of workers from the Washington and Compton Avenues Presby- terian Church, of which the Rev. Harris H. Gregg is pastor. For some years work among the Ohinese has been conducted in this church, but

CHRISTIAN WORK AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION

seeing the opportunity for doing evangelistic work among the Chinese visiting the city during the WorId's Fair season, arrangements were made to have the Rev. Huie Kin come to St. Louis for a short season. During his stay the Chinese laundries and stores of the city and at the World's Fair were thoroughly canvassed, and on the evening of May 29th a Chinese missionary rally was held.

Such a gathering of native Chris- tian workers and representative business men of China who ac- tively participated in this meeting had probably never been held in this country. A Christian En- deavor Society was formed by many of those present, which now holds weekly meetings in the home of Dr. Mary H. McLean, a Christian physician of promi- nence in this city. The members of this society are principally ex- hibitors at the World's Fair. The Young Men's Ohristian Union, which is composed of Chinese Christians in the city, meets every Sunday afternoon in the Washing- ton and Compton Avenues Pres- byterian Ohurch, where Chinese visitors are invited. A simple meal prepared by themselves is served between six and seven o'clock. From eight to nine o'clock the regular meeting of the Union is held.

Every Sunday morning services are held in the Ohinese, the J apan- Copyrighted by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition ese, the Indian, and the Filipino PRINCE PU LUN villages. A Sunday-school is also conducted in the Chinese village Royal Cblnese ComlJliEsioner to tbe Exposition by one of the workers. A large number of testaments have been distributed among the Chinese who speak the Cantonese dialect.

Recently Dr. McLean invited to her home the one hnndred Fili- pino students who have been selected to come to this country to study

our methods, and then to return to .their own country to put into practise the best things here learned. Dr. Gregg addressed the young men, speaking to them about a well-rounded manhood, after which they were entertained and instructed by about forty Christian workers.

Literature printed in many languages is being distributed. Besides the thousands of ordinary English tracts, the committee is sending out, through the Rev. A. B. De Roos, of Central America (a most remarkable worker), Bibles, Testaments, and Tracts to the Spanish- speaking people, the French, the Italians, and the Germans. Mr.

De Roos speaks six languages. He gives his entire time to personal work on the Fair Grounds and to the holding of Spanish meetings on Sunday mornings within the grounds. It will be of interest to note that Mr. De Hoos was converted at one of Mr. Moody's meetings in Chicago while the Fair was in progress.

Reference has aheady been made to the work of Dr. Mary H.

McLean in connection wit h the Presbyterian Evangelistic Committee.

In addition to the work being done for the Chinese and others, Dr. McLean has been operating a Gospel wagon at her own expense. Her special in- terest, however, during the World's Fair season has been in the girls and young women coming in- to the city as strangers- oft e n unsophisticated country girls, who fall an easy prey to designing men who plot their ruin.

Connected with the Union Committee of Christian women, which has this work in charge, there have been two trained women working in Union A. B. DE ROOS AND FILIPINO SOLDIERS Station for f 0 u rt e e n months, seeking to help .Mr. De Roos Is a Central American missionary now working such girls. Just before among the Spanish-speaking people at the Exposition the Fair opened the committee opened Emmaus House for women, furnishing comfortable room and board at reasonable rates to women who needed such a home. The home can accommodate thirty, and,

ESKIMOS FROM ALASKA AT ST

Copyrighted by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition SIOUX CHIEFS AND PU)l:BLO INDJANEZ AT THE EXPOSITION as the stay of each girl is comparatively short, the committee has taken care of a large number of girls from all over the world.

The Friends of Israel Union Mission is pushing with vigor its work not only among the fifty thousand Jews who are permanent residents of the city, but it is seeking to touch the thousands of visiting Jews who are coming to the Fair from all parts of the world. The work is in charge of Mr. Mark Lev, who is being assisted by workers of experience from many cities in this and other countries. Meetings are held regularly in the halls on Wash Street and on Franklin Avenue, in the Ghetto, but open-air meetings are held every night, and sometimes the workers in the mission speak from the Gospel wagon owned by the Presbyterian committee. Among those who conducted services for the Jews were Dr. Benedict Ben-Zion, for forty years missionary of the British Society in Odessa, Russia, and in Oonstantinople, Turkey, and Philip Sidersky, editor of The Voice of Israel and Signs of tlte Times.

There are perhaps four hundred Japanese in the city. Among other agencies at work among them is the effort of Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Barnes. A few months ago a teacher from Japan, who had never been brought under missionary influences, came to their home to read the Bible. In two weeks he was converted. He brought others to the home of his friends, until as many as ten came every evening except Sundays. Regular classes are now taught every Monday and Friday night, and a Bible school is conducted on Sunday afternoons in the Immanuel Baptist Ohurch. Dr. Beunett, of Japan, and Mr. Takabashi, of the Louisville Theological Seminary, have been assisting in

CliRISTIAN WORK AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION

the work. Dr. Bennett recently sent to New York for all the New Testaments aud portions of the Gospel printed in Japanese that could be found in this country. 'rhese are being sold or given away. An effort is being made to systematically reach every Japanese in the city with helpful leaflets or by other means.

Erected and maintaine,d jointly by the international, State, and local committees of the Young Men's Christian Association, a large, well-equipped tent is doing a splendid and much-needed service for the military and semi-military organizations which are corning to the Fair. 'rhe tent is pitched on the edge of a city of tents which is occu- pied by the militia of the various states and the visiting regulars. Of . these there are always between two and three thousand living in the tents. The work is intended also for the Jefferson Guards (of whom there are abont eight hundred), the United States MarineR, the Fili- pinos, and the civilized Indians on the grounds. Later quite a num- ber of semi-rnilitary organizations will occupy the tents, and there is no doubt tha.t many of these will be benefited.

Religious services are conducted every Sunday at 4 and 7.30 P.M. The tent is IBually crowded at these meetings. For the social life of the men the managers make ample provision. Good reading-matter, writing facilities, games, ice-water, and whatever may be dQne to min- ister to the needs of men is to be had. The work is in charge of Mr. W. A. Reid, who is a pioneer in Y. M.C. A. work in Alaska among T'SE YOUNG HEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCU.TION TENT AT ST. LOUIS Thi. I. especially fitted up for Boldlers attending tile Exposition

the gold-seekers. Mr. De Roos conducts a Spanish service in the tent every Sunday morning.

Wben a colporteur for tbe American Tract Society receives an invitation to attend a dinner given by the Bohemians, whose interests are in matters literary and scientific, it _indicates that the man has made something of an impression. This recently happened in St. Louis, when Mr. Frank K. Ringsmuth was asked to attend a reception in St. Louis given to the President of Prague Univen;ity by the leading Bohemians of the city. On this occasion Mr. Ringsmuth tnade clear his mission to St. Louis, and he was heartily received by the guests. ':l'here are about twenty thousand Bohemians in the city, ten thousand GIANT PA'rAGONIANS FROM SOUTH AMERICA AND TItEIB SInN TENT AT ST. LoUIS of whom are Catholics. The ,other half are mainly infidels. To this number should be added the great company who come as visitors, either as individuals or in connection with one of the fraternal or benevolent societies. Recen tly snch an organization, with representatives numbering over one thousand, rnet in this city. Mr. Uingsmuth had the privilege of addressing maRY of these delegates in a church situated one block from the hall in which the society met. He discussed, mainly, th~ questions relating to socialism as they are viewed from a Christian standpoint. Besides -preaching in a Chluch every Sunday and teaching the people the Word of God, Mr. Uingsmuth spends most of his time as a colporteur, distributing large quantities of Jea.flets ana portjons of ScrjptJJJ'c. .As opportunity prelSents itself he speaks in the open air, and for a time one of the tents of the Pres· byterian committee in the Bohemiandistrict was turned over to him for one night a week.

CHRISTIAN WORK AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION

One of the.first evangelists on the field was Mr. Charles M. Crittenden, who came to St. Louis in his car" Good News" with eight of his workers. Evangelistic services were begun in Centenary Methodist Church, continuing each night for two weeks. A second series of meetings were held in Pilgrim Congregational Church. At the close of the Pilgrim Church meeting, nightly services were begun in the Christian Endear·or Auditorium, with two services on Sunday. Mr. Crittenden also conducted meetillgs for business men and others at the noon hour for two months in the hall of the St. Louis City Mis- SIon. Street meetings and meetings in bar-rooms and other resorts .A. GROUP OF AINU FROM JAPA:N AT THE EXPOSITfON were also held, besides services in public institutions. At present, while Mr. Crittenden is absent from the city, the Sunday meetings are being conducted in the Christian Endeavor Auditorium, and on three nights each week speakers address those who gather. The street meetings are continued, four missionaries are at work, two on the Fair Grounds and two in the city proper, and a trained nurse is employed. Headquarters are maintained in the Fair Grounds at the Woman's Anchorage. A large amount of literature has also been distributed by Mr. Crittenden and his workers.

It is impossible to tabulate the results of the work as it is being done by the individuals and the organizations engaged ill the World's Fair campaign. Strong witness is being borne to the thousands of strangers who are thronging the city of the power of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and many who came simply to see the wonders of man's creation are going away with the power of a new life in Christ.

THE CHURCH AND THE MORMONS BY ItEV. HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Bureau of Missions Mormons and Mohammedans are at one in claiming that conversion of their members to any other faith is impossible. "Once a Mormon, always a Mormon," and" Once a Mohammedan, ~lways a Mohammedan," are phrases that have the force of maxims. It is said of Brigham Young that when an eminent Presbyterian minister asked him, in 1864, whether there would be any objection to the establishment of a Presbyterian mission in Salt Lake City, he astounded the questioner by answering: " Not at all; I should like my young people to know what the other denominations believe." This frank confidence in the impregnable position of Mormonism may have been partly assumed. 'l'he bearing of the wily president of the Utah religious organization toward the Presbyterian missionaries, when in due time they entered that sacred territory, suggested anxiety, to say the least. Nevertheless, one still sees a sturdy confidence among the Mormon leaders which implies that they dread neither the message nor the endurance and ability of the Ohristian missionary.

Little more than forty years ago railroads opened Utah for Gentile settlement. Then Methodists, Episcopalians, and Presbyterians were quickly summoned to relieve these settlers from a dilemma. People settling in Utah had to choose between attending the Mormon tabernacle or going altogether without religious services on Sunday. The work of the Christian denominations in Utah was thus based upon the settlements of Gentiles. It soon looked to influencing and convertillg Mormons also. At the beginning of 1904 there were fiftytwo Presbyterian churches in Utah, with thirty-one schools maintained by the Presbyterian Woman's Home Missionary Board and 1,679 scholars attending these schools. There were also twenty-six Sunday-schools with 1,300 scholars. There were twenty-seven Methodist Ohurches, forty-two Sunday-schools, and 2,534 scholars. There were twelve Protestant Episcopal congregations, with twenty-ono Sunday· schools and 1,457 scholars, besides a fine boarding-school and a well-appointed hospital at Salt Lake City. There were h'elve Oongregationalist stations with about 800 Sunday-school scholars in twelve Sunday-schools. There were sixteen Baptist stations and outstations, with thirteen Sunday-schools and 1,012 Sunday-school scholars. In all of these Christian churches together there seem to be not far from 5,000 church-members. Besides these settled and permanent agencies for evangelizing Utah, there are Illso a number of less well-known missions, prominent among which is the Utah Gospel Mission, with headquarters at Cleveland, Ohio. This is undenomi-

GOSPEL WAGONS USED BY MISIONARIES IN

Much of the initial missionary work must he done with the gospel wagon and the gospel tent

national, and its agency is the Gospel wagon as a means of colportage and evangelistic appeal to the people.

A type of the adventurous life of the missionary to the Mormons, even so lately as twenty-five 01' thirty years ago, may be found in that of Dr. D. J. McMillan. He was a Presbyterian minister stranded in Utah, seemingly by accident, in 1875. 'rhe Mormons looked at him with amusement, much as the Athenians looked at Paul, or much as a big New Yotk church might look at a Mohammedan who opened a preaching-stand on the other side of the street. Then men felt his strange power, and thought to make an end of his preaching without stickling at the means. A brave challenge cans a halt to outlawry. This preacher's revolver played this part, and more than once weighed as an argument in favor of his rights. Perhaps the man would not have used, it; he did not, however, leave it under lock and key, lest he should be provoked to use it. One night a man, revolver in hand, cliinbed to the preacher's window, expecting to shoot him sleeping. Just as he was straining to rise the last six inches that would let him bring his weapon into play, he met the cold muzzle of a revolver thrust in his face by his intended victim,and climbed down again with speed. At another time a crowd of angry Mormons filled the hall where the preacher was to hold service. Some among them were bonnd with an oath to shoot him aG he stood belore them. 'rhey watched him come in and take his place at the table which served for a pulpit.; they glared at him as he opened the Bible and quietly selected the chapter which he would read; but they were thunderstruck when he coolly took out his revolver and laid it on the open Bible, showing that he knew the purport of the armed crowd in that hall. The hesitation of the first surprise confused the Mormons and showed them their need of a leader. The Gentile preacher made himself their leader, poured out his soul in prayer while they doubted what to do, and then gave them so tender a sermon on the life ruled by love that when he had done speaking they went out, one by one, leaving him unharmed. His" coolness at another time in proclaiming the doctrine that the American flag carries with it liberty from arbitrary compulsion, and even liberty to preach, was a challenge that no Mormon dared to take up. This was in 1875. It showed that in last resort the power of the government was still supreme, even >in Utah. The missionary was under no compulsion to stay in that hostile territory. But he stayed for the sake of Jesus Christ; he stayed until the great Mormon president in person ordered the people to keep away from him; he stayed until he found himself libelled, charged oy the leaders of society with hideous crime, and he stayed until the great fact of his pure, godly life outweighed and overcame Brigham Young's foul slanders.

This IIlissionary was friendless, weak, and without money, surrounded by fanatics strong in their wealth, their religion, and their

PUBLIC SCHOOL CHILDREN IN UTAH

Shall these be Mormons or Christians' What an opportunity for the missionary I

invincible organization. But he soon laid his finger on the weak spot in the defenses of Mormonism. It was the craving of the people for education. Their masters of the Endowment House could not afford to let the people have this. Their policy made empty the souls of the hungry, and caused the drink of the thirsty to fail. The Christian school, therefore, is the instrument of attack on the Mor- mon stronghold that can not be turned aside from its purpose, and is now the center of every successful mission in Mormon territory.

This one case is referred to because it is typical of the passionate opposition encountered by the one hundred and twenty-six mission- aries laboring in Utah to this day.. In 1857 the popUlation of Utah was entirely Mormon, and Gentiles confident of their right as American citizens to enter Utah were killed in cold blood. In 1875 Gentiles had entered by the thousand; open massacre of those who seemed to threaten Mormonism was no longer possible, but soci,al ostracism, intimidation, and personal assault were recognized means of defend- ing the Mormon people against Christianity. In 1904, of the two hundred and eighty thousand people in Utah perhaps ten thousand are Gentiles. But opposition to the free proclamation of the Gospel is as determined as ever, altho the forms which it can take are restricted to the boycott and the bishop'S ban. The missionary in a Mormon community is looked upon, and sometimes treated, as a strike-breaker is treated by members of a trade-union that is playing dog in the manger.

This is not the place to discuss the religious belief of the Mormons. So far as the common people are concerned, they are sincere believers, industrious, thrifty, and faithful to the instructions given by their astute leaders. Three characteristic qualities of the Mormons must, however, be borne in mind, for on these qualities depends the attainment of the aim that makes Mormonism a danger to our country and our liberities. The Smoot investigation has brought to light many illustrations of the deep-seated purpose among Mormon leaders which would deny to those who are not Mormons the liberty of opinion that our Constitution promises every man whose lot is cast in our land. One characteristic of the Mormons is the isolation of exclusiveness. There can be no admission of Christians to religious equality, because the man who is not a Mormon is a "Gentile" of the outside herd, doomed to perdition. There can be no social equality between Christians and Mormons, because the "Gentile" stigma extends in the teachings of the hierarchy to Mormons who intimately associate with disbelievers. There can be no political equality, because Mormon politics call for subservience to one will. Christians must be treated as opponents, unless they can be used by the Mormon body politic for its ends. All interests of Mormons are, and must be, separate, and, perhaps, antagonistic to the interests of "Gentiles."

MARGARET'S 8CHOOL OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN BOISE

One of the schools helping to solve the Mormon Problem

Another quality of the Mormon masses is unspeakable ignorance. Gathered from all nations, because of stolid working ability, the exclusiveness of the system carefully shields the Mormon masses from knowledge that would unsettle their faith or make them restive under control. None of the common people know anything, for instance, of the history of the Mormon sacred books, of tl;e Bib,lical origin ()f hundreds of passages in the Book of Mormon, of the thousands of changes that have been introduced into their sacred writings in order to remove evidence of ignorance or short-sightedness in the original writer. None of the Mormon common people know that their prophet, Joseph Smith, died dishonored-lynched for licentiousness on denunciation by his own people.* This ignorance is the toy of those to whom they· look for instruction.. Great numbers of the Mormon common people firmly believe, for instance, that the Mount Nebo in central Utah is the veritable mountain where Moses stood to view the promised land, and which contains his grave, known to angels only. Numbers of the European recruits of Mormondom suppose that Utah is that wonderful United States of America of which they have heard from childhood; that the Mormon doctrine is "the religion of the United States," and the Mormon chief magnate is also President of the United States. In outlying districts people have been as carefully guarded from seeing the American flag as if it alone were able to paRS over to them the contagion of a love. for liberty.- It is this ignorance and its profitableness to whomsoever would rule the people that led Brigham Young to utter his famous warning tu the dignitaries of the Mormon body, that unless they found speedily some way to counteract the schools of the missionaries, Mormonism would be blown to atoms.

Any effective training or stimulus of the mental powers is a danger to a system that profits by the ignorance of the masses. The bearings of this fact of Mormonism may be elucidated by a single anecdote. In 1902 Dr. D. J. McMillan (see ASl5embly Herald, October, 1902, p. 401) met a Mormon priest in New York, who believed Joseph Smith's later declarations as to the origin of the" Book of Mormon." Its translation was made by Divine interposition through the instrumentality of a pair of miraculous spectacles, which showed the English meaning of the unknown characters of the "golden" tablets. There could be 110 question, therefore, of the perfect and authoratative quality of the translation. Dr. McMillan showed the priest a copy of the first edition of the « Book of Mormon," and pointed out in a late edition two thousand alterations of the original text. The priest found himself confronted by this dilemma: Either the original version was a fraud and Joseph Smith a liar in his statement as to its * See Gunnison (Lt. J, W) " The Mormons," pp. 122, 123, and Tucker (Pomeroy) " Origin, Rise, and Prowess of Ma,-monism," pp 188,189,195.

THE CHURCH AND THE MORMONS

origin, or the later version is a fraud because it departs from that which was Divinely given.

The astonished priest consulted his superiors, who advised him to have nothing to do with Dr. McMillan; he was unworthy of trust, having circulated a false statement that Brigham Young taught that Adam is our God and Father, and the only Gorl with whom men have to do. The priest was convinced, and called upon Dr. McMillan publicly to retract that statement as a preliminary condition of further discussion. Dr. McMillan, however, opened the first volume of the "Journals of Discourses" of the Mormon prophet and apostles, revised and authorized by them, and on page 50 of this official record he showed the priest that very statement as to Adam. The priest had been grossly deceived by his superiors. They, on the other hand, had relied too far on the poor man's ignorance. Instruction so elementary as that given by the Christian minister on two points in the Mormon sacred books broke the man's fetters. Sadly and tearfully he said, "You have opened my eyes; I have done with Mormonism forever," and he has been since that day a faithful Christian worker among the Mormon perverts.

This case is typical. Adult Mormons in some numbers have been led to renounce their delusion by the awakening of their mental powers, either by such controversial (and therefore uncertain) instruction, or, through spontaneous revolt against the tyrannies of the hierarchy. The power of the mission school lies in its tendency to form in the young permanent habits of thought and inquiry.

Besides the school the contagious influence of pure Christian life is almost the only means, so far, effective in penetrating the shell of Mormon ignorance. From the point of view of this latter fact every measure that fosters the Christian culture of Gentiles living among Mormons is a step toward the redemption of these fair lands.

Another characteristic of the Mormons is their obedience to the hierarchy. The principle inculcated upon all is "Whosoever obeyeth the Elders shall be saved, and whosoever obeyeth not shall be condemned forever." Religion is the affair of a hierarchy, whose guide is a continuous Divine revelation. The masses have but one religious duty-submissive acceptance of the word of the man next above in rank. This obedience is enforced by some sixty thousand men of dif- ferent ecclesiastical ranks set over the people. Every family is thus closely watched and admonished, and the condition of the whole organization is under constant surveillance of its highest officials. Exclusiveness, ignorance, and obedience play into each other's hands. '1'hey form a vicions circle, binding like a steel band a compact mass marvelous in efficiency for attaining whatever aim the men at the tiller have in view.

The aim of the Mormon leaders, set forth by Orson Hyde in 1838,

was the modest one of taking possession of the United States, and ultimately of the world. The Mormon body then consisted of one thousand or so of men and women. Now that it numbers more than three hundred thousand souls, there is no evidence that this aim has been ahandoned, altho there is reason for its more serious study by those who would deal with the Mormon problem. As to the methods used to foster the aim, besides the exclusiveness already suggested there is a most complete system of missions, an admirable system of colonization, which fills with Mormons any territory that demands prompt occupation, and an elaborate system of tithing, which puts into the hands of the hierarchy sums so enormous that millions of dollars have been expended on the Mormon temples, while the general property of the organization available for any secret purpose represents a value so vast that in any European country the central government would insist on controlling its use.

A single illustration of the action of Mormon missions will suggest their effectiveness alllong ignorant or ill-balanced souls. Mormonism always uses Christian forms of expression when trying to seduce Christians. It professes to have a passion of good-will to the oppressed, and to live a life of faith, hope, and charity. The ignorant all over the world can be drawn to listen to such appeal. If it chance that they are so submerged that such kindly words reach them first from Mormon lips, they attribute to Mormonism the introduction of brotherly love into the world. Little by little the inquirer is taught that the temple has been reestablished in the promised land, that Jesus Christ will appear there when He returns to earth, and that believers must be in that land to receive Him. Then a systematic policy of denial, if need be, as to polygamy, and of slander as to Christianity is resorted to by teachers and preachers. Great care is taken never to let the common people hear commendation of anything outside of Mormondom. It is constantly declared in discourse, and in the church papers and other literature, that Christians have no Bible, no church, no faith, no clergy, and that Christian ministers preach merely because there is money in it. So the Mormon body is built up, is fortified against outside influences until it has become, as Dr. J. D. Kingsbury says, "a compact, rich, powerful, socialistic body. It receives the tenth of every man's income, and the aggregate is immense. It controls the produce of the intermountain realm. It has churches and halls and endowment house and tabernacle and temples. It cares for the bodies while it rules the souls of men. It preaches on Sunday in advocacy of sugar mills, woolen factories, or other schemes that make for opportunity, for wealth, and for thrift." It also provides evening amusements for the people, that they may not wander far afield. It makes no demand for moral conduct, and condemns nothing that men do, provided they obey orders implicitly. By such means Mormonism has become tre-

1904J THE CHURCH AND THE MORMONS

mendous in its power of resistance or of aggression, and awful in its menace of everything that makes for liberty and purity and spiritual development.

The present evangelistic agencies that would cope with this great fungus growth are entirely inadequate. True, many 'thousands have turned from Mormonism and have become as other men are; "thousands of them," says Dr. McMillan, "have turned to the Savior, and become dovout and consistent Christians." But with a system of im- migration that is checked by neither contract-labor law nor Chinese exclusion act, the Mormon hierarchy are able to smile at minuM defections. The Mormon population of the United States has doubled in a little more than ten years. In St. George, a Mormon centre near the Arizona and Nevada boundary, and sixty-five miles from any rail- way, a single Presbyterian missionary is the only llIan to preach Jesus Christ in a district of two hundred and thirty square miles. In the Vernal region, in the northeast of Utah, there are eight thousand people, with no church to attend but the Mormon. In Utah and the south of Idaho together there are one hundred and forty-five thousand people, mostly Mormons, who have no Christian preaching where they live.' There is not even proper provision for the spiritual needs of the" Gentile" settlers. In several districts in Utah non-Mormon settlers attend the Mormon services because no one can supply them with Christian – preachers. "Over thirty towns in Utah," says one missionary report, "are never reached by evangelists." Milford and Frisco, in Utah, have occasional preaching. But no one has been able to find money for a church in either place, and it seems like a satire on our Christianity that tho money for churches can nQt be found, a concentrating mill costing $1,000,000 is now being built there. The very essence of success in permanently attracting the Mormon masses consists in cultivating strong vital Christianity among the non-Mormon popUlation, that before the eyes of the people there may be object-lessons in pure, noble manliness. Without this supporting community, missionaries among the Mormons are sappers and miners, as Dr. Wishard says, but "they are doing their work in the murky atmosphere of the most dense snperstition and in the face of a fierce and reckless fanaticism."

Such a situation calls for the suspension of denominational rivalries. The battle-field in the presence of a common enemy is not the place to gratify purely personal ambitions. Yet in glancing through different home missionary reports one comes across this sentence (omitting the names): "At –' (in Utah) the – – denomination have a fine school and a strong body of workers, but our Missionary, Brother X, has done very well." That" but" is a terrible revelation. Jesus Christ can not win control of this hostile land if His different bands are to throw such" buts" in each other's way.

Bishop Funsten, of Idaho, asks: "What are we here for? Is it

simply a romantic adventure to try to establish the Ohurch in the newer parts of our great country?" He reminds us that our object is to lay in Christianity the foundations of greatness in these newly set- tled regions. This purpose is antagonized and can be defeated by this subtle and crafty combination called Mormonism, whose chance of continued existence requires it to lay blasting charges of conuption under everything that the Church and the nation undertake. 'fhe Christian forces now employed are utterly inadequate both as to men and means to cope with Mormon methods. We have dallied with the question of reaching the ignorant mass of Mormons for thirty years, and in the last ten of the thirty, we repeat, the Mormon population of the United States has doubled.

Unless the Christians of America wake up and take seriously in hand the question of evangelizing and instructing the Mormon masses, the wild dream of the Mormon bosses will come true. One of these has said, with the frankness of presumption: "We are building up a political power which in time will command the homage of the dema- gogues of the country. Our vote is solid, and will always remain so. We possess the ability to turn the politic'al scale in any particular . community we desire. To-day we hold the balance of power in Idaho, we rule Utah absolutely, and in a very short time we will hold the balance of power in Arizona and Wyoming. You can imagine the results which wisdom may bring about with the assistance of a church organization such 'as ours. It is the completest the world has ever seen" (Bishop Heury Lunt, of Cedar Oity, in 1879).

There is no occasion to take an alarmist tone, for ignorance can not always continue to bind a people. But there is occasion to find adequat.e measures to enlighten quickly these ignorant masses of Mormonism. If there be one spot in the whole world in which considera- tions of self-interest, of love to country, of love to mankind, and .of love to Jesus Christ join in summoning the churches of America to unite missionary forces for combined effort, it is the domain of Mormonism. Utah, with its dependent colonies in- Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico, is nursing forces for an assault on Christianity and on the republic, which few appreciate but which none can afford to ignore. Whatever Ollr denominations do elsewhere, in the Mormon domains they ought to work in consnltation, if not as a single body. The seriousness of the task nemands a pooling, not of resources, but of wisdom and of experience. There should be an annual conference of the home missionary secretaries who have to deal with Mormon territory, just as there was a conference, in special emergency, of all foreign mission secretaries having dealings with Ohina. 'l'here should be an end of the scandal of neglecting great districts where the Mormon church and dance-hall is the only place of worship that the people know. There should be concerted action to educate the moneyed men of all denominations in the tremendous importance of equipping schools, so that they shall not have to be suspended every two or three years for lack of a few pitiful hundreds to pay the teachers' board. All who love the Lord Jesus Ohriat, in short, have at this time a direct and penetratillg call to vindicate the honor of His name by union in effort and in prayer such as He will not fail to bless.

YOUNG AND SOME OF HIS

STUDENTS MAKING BRICK AT TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE

WHAT THE NEGRO IS DOING FOR THE NEGRO IN AMERICA

WHAT THE NEGRO IS DOING FOR THE NEGRO IN AMERICA BY BOOKER T. WASHINGTON Principal of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama The negro has had much done for him by the white people of the North and the white people of the South, and in these days of reckon- ing we hear more and more the insistent question: "What is the negro doing for himself?"

Oivilization is not gained by bequest, it is gained by conquest; not by absorption, but by work. Hence, the degree to which the negro has assimilated the civilization of America may best be discovered not by the number and enrolment of the schools and colleges given him (in requital for two hundred and fifty years of unpaid labor) by the white people, but by the accumulating results of his own efforts.

However, it must not be forgotten that the public-school system of the Southern States, so often ascribed exclusively to the philan- thropy and forethought of the white people, was in point of fact first projected upon the statute-books of the South by the wickedly manip- ulated negro reconstructionists. The fact that those men, in their ignorance and inexperience, were the instruments of many grievous errors and, if you will, crimes, does not justify us in forgetting or denying that, as a matter of history, they did provide on the statutebooks for the common schools which have done so much to introduce the negro people into civilization. Moreover, it is incontestable that the support of these common schools is in very large part due to the taxes of negroes; the laborer feels the incidence of more taxes than he directly pays. Indeed, it is more than probable that in very many even predominantly black counties in the South the negro schools do not cost the white people one cent. The black counties that are known as Middle Florida have meager school facilities for whites and:blacks, but the State Superintendent of Florida-a just and clear-headed man -says frankly in his official report that the taxes of negroes in that group of counties not only pay the bills of the negro schools, but pay in addition some of the bills of the white schools! How many other cases like this exist I have no means of knowing, but I am certain that if the analysis that Superintendent Sheats gave to the financial statistics of the common schools in Middle Florida were extended to other counties in other states of the South, the results would be surprising and highly instructive. So the negro has rendered two distinct services to his race and to American civilizatio~: he projected the system of common schools, and by his taxes he has very largely supported that system, and more and more is doing so to-day.

Two other important services the negro has rendered and is rendering his people through these schools. He has lengthened the school

tenns and improved the schoolhouses, and got better teachers through voluntary local taxation. For example, it was found at the 'l'enth Annual 'l'uskegee Conference that in the case of over 25 per cent. of the schools the patrons voluntarily contributed moneys which lengthened the school term from one to two months each year; and a careful study of the twelfth and thirteenth conferences shows that the support of the negro rural schools through such taxation has become increasingly popular and effective. To be sure, the conference group is distinctly exceptional, reflecting the powerful influence for social uplift of Tuskegee Institute; but that negroes all over the South are increasing the efficiency of their schools through voluntary local taxation is indubitable. Another service the negro is rendering his race and our civilization through 1;he schools: he is supplying the teachers in nearly all the common schools for negroes in the Southern States. The negro teachers receive less pay for the same grade of work than do the white teachers,.their apparatus for teaching and the total environment of their schools are incalculably less good; and yet, responsive to a noble passion for social service, many of these teachers labor without one word of complaint, earnestly, and efficiently.

I have said that negro schools in very many cases cost the white people not one cent; this not only means that the inarticulate black masses feel the incidence of much taxation-it means that there is a large and growing class of thrifty and advancing negro property owners. In illustration of the latter fact, I would cite the following statistics of the number of negro owners of farms in various states in 1900: Georgia ……………. 11,375 South Carolina …….. 18,970 Arkansas ………….. 11,941 Texas …………….. 20,139 Alabama ……………14,110 Mississippi •………. 21,973 North Carolina…. " … 17,520 Virginia ………….. 26,566 "Of the 746,715 farms operated by negroes . . . in 1900," says the Census report, "21 per cent. were owned ent.irely, and an additional 4.2 per cent. owned in part, by the farmers operating them; in other words, forty years after emancipation, 25.2 per cent., or about onefourth, of all negro farmers had become landholders." The Census rep01·t then goes on to show that the value of property owned by negro farmers was probably $230,000,000. The negro is greatly serving the negroes of this and subsequent generations by the rapid acquisition of landed property. I have long been convinced that no surer pledge of good citizenship can any group of people give America than the increasing ownership of landed property.

To cite only one more illustration of my theme, I would mention the development of the negro Church. There is no element in the American population in whose life the Church plays'a greater or more

FIFTEEN YEARS OF PROGRESS IN EGYPT

significant part. The amounts of money spent by my people in the erection and equipment of their churches is beyond doubt greater in proportion to their income and accumulated wealth than the amounts spent by any other section of our population. Admittedly, the negro Church is not all that it should be, but its quality and efficiency, and the breadth of its usefulness, have in the last ten years notably increased. There is ground for the criticism that my people spend a larger proportion of their income for church building and build more churches than are reasonable, but it must be remembered that the Church is among us not only a religious institution; it is the core, the heart, the center of orgltnizlttion in our social affairs. And under the wing of the Church social life is apt to be more refined and wholesome than under any other auspices. I am safe in saying that the magnificent accumulations of church property-and they are truly magnificent-are the material expression of the most characteristic yearning of the negro people, and that through the Church the negro is doing incalculable good for his people and for American civilization.

The School, the Parm Home, and ~he Church-each of these beneficent institutions is being developed and strengthened by the enduring energy and aroused intelligence of the negro people: thus much and infinitely more is the negro doing for the negro.

FIFTEEN YEARS OF PROGRESS IN EGYPT THE WORK OF THE AMERICAN UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISS'ION BY REV. J. K. GIFFElS", DOLAIB lS"ILE, SOBAT RIVER, SUDAlS"

The mission in Egypt, under the Board of Foreign Missions for the United Presbyterian Church of North America, and generally known as the" American Mission," will soon complete its fiftieth year of work in the Nile Valley. During this period vast changes have taken place throughout the world. In the world of thought, of scientific research and investigation, exploration, invention, and in the social and religious life of every nation, these changes have been felt. The increased facility in transportation and communication, and the consequent decreased expense, have brought all nations nearer together, The ends of the earth have met. The influence of one nation upon another has become marked, and both good and evil have worked like leaven on the whole lump. No other country, perhaps, has felt these changes more than Egypt. Few countries have experienced greater comparative prosperity, even in thil! period of universal commercial success. In the Mohammedan world there is no other people so prosperous, so happy, so free and enlightened. This state of things in Egypt is largely due to the beneficent rule and influence of the British government.

It is a matter of sincere gratitude from all interested in any mission

enterprise in the Nile Valley that the events of 1882 did not lead to an Anglo-French Protectorate of Egypt, but rather led out of it.

God's providence surely directed to this result: that we no longer have a dual or triple control, but a single power, and that Protestant. And in this state of things no religious body has reason for regret or com- plaint, for all have the fullest liberty and protected rights in teaching their peculiar faith-Moslem, Jew, Ohristian, or Pagan alike. This liberty is insured to-day all along the Nile Valley, from the Mediter- ranean to the equator.

The American Mission, along with all other societies operating in the valley of the Nile, but perhaps more than any other, has felt the material prosperity that has come to Egypt, and shared in the good and evil that has resulted therefrom. Dr. Watson, in his" American Mission in Egypt," so clearly states the aim of the mission, which is, perhaps, the aim of every mission everywhere, that we will quote from his book, page 411: " Our missiC)n in Egypt was established in obedience to the com- mand of the Lord to preach the Gospel to every creature, no matter what may be his nationality or religious faith. The Gospel is for sin- ners of every clime and profession. It has been the aim of Ollr mis-'

sion to proclaim the Gospel in Egypt to all, whether Jews, Mohammed- ans, or nominal Ohristians. Our schools have been open to all. The printed Word has been carried throughout the length and breadth of the land, and offered io all alike. We rejoice to be able to say that the members of our churches belong to all classes of society, all trades and professions; some of them are rich, some poor, some highly edu- cated, some can not read-inhabitants of cities and towns as well as country villages.. Drunkards have becomA total abstainers, thieves have become honest, the impure in thought and vile in action have become chaste, and the proud have become humble. Some have contributed liberally of their means, others have given much of their time for the spread of the Gospel."

Whatever the method employed, the one great aim· has ever been kept before the missionaries and the native converts. The Gospel of Christ has been presented in its simplicity and purity, and inquiry and investigation encouraged. The worship has been simple in form, contrasting notably with the unintelligible service of the Eastern churches andthe meaningless formulas of the followers of the false prophet. Right living and right thinking have always been insisted upon. The methods employed have been similar to those in other mis- sion fields, and the mission has kept steadily before it as the end to be reached an evangelical Ohristian community so intelligent, so com- pletely organized and thoroughly equipped. with pastors and teach~ ers from among the people, that it will become permanent and self- supporting in every particular.

FIFTEEN YEARS OF PROGRESS IN EGYPT

All the wOl'k along every line has been stamped with permanency. The missionary coming on to the field has been impressed with the thought that he is, or should be, undertaking a life-work. It is urged to thoroughly qualify himself or herself before arriving on the field and afterward. A knowledge and good use of the language, an understanding of the customs, life, and religious thought of the people are persistently insisted upon from every missionary. Nearly four years are given almost entirely to this preparatory work. Frol!l the beginning educational institutions have been maintained for the people, that they might become intelligent Ohristians, and be fitted not only for service, but also commend the Gospel to others. In this respect the evangelical community, in a very marked degree, is vastly superior to any other in Egypt. In them has been demonstrated and verified this truth: "The opening of Thy words giveth light; it giveth understanding unto the simple." The training of a native ministry, men able to teach and conduct church courts, has been given careful attention and the labor of the best missionaries. Early (1863) in the history of the mission congregations began to form and organization to take shape. Pastors and presbyters had to be trained for this service, , as well as for the preaching of the Gospel. Thus, little by little, all the parts of the machinery of church organization were put in place and men taught to skilfully operate it. All of these things have given character, permanency, and influence to the work of the mission.

In the last fifteen or twenty years, because of the great material prosperity of the country, there has come into the life of the once careless and most indifferent people a strong desire for a practical sort of education-something that can be turned to increase the material good and comfort of life. It has, in more recent years, be- come almost a mania. Schools for all kinds and grades have sprung up everywhere in the valley. But the object of these schools has not beeu primarily the true intellectual training, but, as I have suggested, merely to fit youth for service. The great majority of these pupils had in view some salaried position in the government service.

Still, however deficient the ideals, there has come about a real revival in learning. This in turn created a demand for newspapers, magazines, and printed books. Men everywhere began to read and. think. The missionaries were not slow to recognize thig, and as fast as possible to provide a literature for the people. Oontroversial books were prepared and widely distributed. Especially on the Moham- medan controversy have books been published that are, perhaps, the best to be found in the Arabic language.

But the multiplication of schools did not relieve the missionaries of their educational work, but rather increased labor along this line. The mosque, government, and private schools to which we have re- 'ferred are essentially religious in their teaching and influence-Mo-

hammedan in their morals. The dangers to Christian youth were multiplied. In order to compete with these and save our Christian youth the standard for mission schools was raised.

That the Christian youth have been saved from the influences of Mohammedanism and Paganism is told in the fact that last year there were 2,670 Protestant children and 6,370 Coptic children in the schools of the mission. Of the 570 students enrolled in Assiut 'rraiuing Coll~ge, 499 were classed as Protestant. " This means that the evangelicals are giving their sons the advantage of a higher education. It means also that they are loyal to their own college. It gives large hope for evangelical workers."

For many years, long before the educational mania seized the people generally, the native evangelicals had maintained, at their own expense, pr"imary schools in connection with religious work. These were feeders for the higher training-schools and colleges. The teaching in these was necessarily simple, but essentially religious. The cost was not great; but as the general standard was raised, these schools became more expensive and difficult to maintain.

However, the evangelical community still takes the lead, and had (in 1902) 147 of these schools, with 8,759 pupils, of which 2,045 were Mohammedans. These schools cost $26,725, of which the natives paid all but $5,705. This is, perhaps, the cheapest agency the mission employs, as it costs but 65 cents a year to keep a chIld in one of these schools under the influence of the Gospel and Christian training, and at a period of life when the child is most susceptible to influence. These primary or "village schools" are distinctly an evangelizing agency. They are often situated in towns of from ten to forty thousand inhabitants, and are the only lights in the town, or for miles or scores of miles around it. And even in towns where there are congregations, lives are reached and influenced that can be reached in no other way. Nor is it the work in the school only that counts, but the true teacher is an evangelist as well, and his upright life and conduct place before the people a higher ideal of manhood or womanhood than they have ever known before.

'rhe higher grades of schools have always been under the direct control of the missionaries, and they have been carefully watched during these years of educational awakening in Egypt. The teaching has been made more thorough, the coursp. of study more extensive, to comply with the requirements and spirit of the people. The teaching staff has been more carefully selected and better qualified than formerly. More English language studies have been introduced, and the French language has been almost entirely eliminated. More American teachers and managers have been employed than they were accustomed to. At the same time, there has been no lowering of ideals, but rather the creation of new and higher ideals has been the constant effort of

FIFTEEN YEARS OF PROGRESS IN EGYPT

the management in every high school and college. The religious work has been more effective and the results more gratifying, in spite oUhe spirit of materialism which is felt everywhere, and more of the pupils are professing their faith in Christ than ever before.

A strenuous effort is being made to add to the number of these effective higher grade training-schools. Large sums of money will be expended for grounds, buildings, equipment, and in endowments. The college at Assiut, with an annual enrollment of about six hundred pupils, is being enlarged, and with industrial and business departments added; ground has been purchased for the enlargement of the girls' Loarding-school at Assiut; a large boarding and day school for girls has been opened at Luxor; a college for girls is to be built at Cairo, for which the ground is purchased; a college for the Delta is contemplated, and high grade schools for boys and girls at Alexandria. All this means much more for the awakening intelligence of the people of Egypt than anyone at this date can tell.

The mission was rather slow, perhaps, to make use of medical missionaries as an agency in the Lord's work. But in recent years it has shown great enthusiasm for this, a most helpful branch of Christian mission work. In this, as in every other department, it has shown wisdom in doing well what it has done, rather· being content with careless work. There are only two stations employing medical missionaries-one at Assiut, in Upper Egypt, and one at Tanta, almost in the center of the DeUa. The former has been in operation for twelve years, and the latter since 1896. The one at Assiut is managed by male physicians with trained nurses, and the other by female physicians and nurses. At both stations they have their hospital aud daily clinic, and treat scores of patients every day. Religious work is carried on in connection with the hospital and clinic. This is from its very nature a kind of work that can not very clearly count its results; it is rather an influence, the results of which go to strengthen every other departmen~ of mission work.

Egypt is a Mohammedan country. About nine-tenths of its population are still Mohammedan. To enlighten these and bring them to a knowledge of Christ has been the constant desire of the mission. No other class of people are so difficult to reach or hard to move as this is. Besidcs the nearly three thousand pupils from Moslem homes in the various schools of the American Mission, books and tracts that have been propared and distributed on the sn bject of religion for Mohammedan readers, more special work is being done than ever before. There was never before the same liberty and opportunity to teach the people that there is to-day.

After years of prayer and waiting, a man from among them has been raised up and divinely prepared to teach the Mohammedans. Mikhail Mansoor, a Mohammedan coo vert, is now preaching the Gos-

pel with power to large audiences of his former coreligionists in Cairo. He is thoroughly prepared for this work. He was trained in the great University of Islam at Cairo as a Moslem. He has a thorough knowl- edge of the Koran, and the interpretation put upon it by his own people. He speaks the Arabic language perfectly, enunciates clearly, and clothes his thought in simple forms of speech. But, above all, he is thoroughly converted to Christ, and has a large measure of His spirit. He has also a remarkable knowledge of Scripture. Certainly there is no other man in Egypt, or perhaps elsewhere, so well qualified to preach the Gospel to Mohammedans. He goes even within the precincts of the Mosque EI Azhar, the greatest center of Moslem education and influence.

But the strongest power of the American mission in Egypt has been its evangelistic work. In the l' eport of the Board of Foreign Missions for 1903 I find this passage: " We find that the progress of the Kingdom during the past year has been intensive rather than extensive. The Egyptian Church is coming nearer and nearer to the ideal of all missionary effort-the realization of a self-directing, self-propagating, and self-sustaining Church. She is coming to regard the newly opened and needy field of the SudaR as her proper mission field, so that we now have the picture of a foreign mission Church which has become herself a foreign missionary Church. She has sent forth to Khartum, at her own charges and as her missionary representative, the Rev. Gebera Hanna, and she has purchased a lot and is erecting a building for missionary work."

There has been nothing, perhaps, in all the previ.ous history of the mission and the Evangelical Church in Egypt that has so strongly marked the policy and character of the work of the mission as this move to strictly foreign mission work.

From the earliest beginnings the policy has been to touch a single individual in any community, and from this one life to work out in ever-widening circles until the whole was thoroughly leavened. A life, a family, a village, a group of villages, a district; the individual, a school, a congregation, an evangelist, an organized congregation, a pastor-this has been the law of Gospel work in Egypt. And now the organized congregation, the presbytery, the synod-the organized machinery of the church-has found its proper sphere for influence in a foreign field. This is a matter for sincere gratitude and thanksgiving; for had the influence of the Church stopped within the limits of its own field and among its own people, the circle of influence of the Egyptian Church would have been contracted, its usefulness lessened, its power weakened, and its very life would have been threatened.

The contributions of any Church are, as a rule, a very good measure of spirituality and life of the people. The Church in Egypt will

FIFTEEN YEARS OF PROGRESS IN EGYPT

measure up with most of churches in America in this respect. The sum of their last annual contribution amounted to $22,680, or $3.63 for every church-member. 'fhey spent for their foreign mission work a sum equal to that spent for Ohnrch expenses (not including pastors' salaries) at home.

We can not close this article without reference to the appeal for missionaries which was made by this mission in conjunction with the mission of the United Presbyterian Ohurch in India. The appeals were forwarded a year ago to the home Church. The initiation was from the India mission, but heartily seconded by the Egyptian mission.

The appeals were based upon a careful study of the conditions and needs of the two fields. They include within their scope tho territory only which Providence has clearly assigned to the Uliited Presbyterian Church, but do not include the Sudan, which has been recently entered, and with a population almost equal to the fields of India and Egypt combined.

The appeals are for one ordained mi~sionary and one unmarried lady missionary for every fifty thousand within the bounds of these mission fields. The call is for one hundred and eighty new missionaries for India and two hundred and eighty for Egypt.

The object of this appeal was to bring before the Church at home the need of the field and the obligation of the Ohurch to evangelize them. It is set forth in a resolution, of which the following is an extract: "'fhat we believe it to be the duty of the Ohurch to secure the evangelization of this field within the period of a single generation-that is, so to bring the essential principles of the Gospel to the attention of all classes in that time that no one of mature understand-. ing could say that he was not acquainted with the way of everlasting life."

In setting forth the needs of the field, due allowance was made for the portion of evangelization other societies working in the field might reasonably be expected to do.

'fhe United Presbyterian Ohurch, through its general assembly, has endorsed these appeals from its mission fields; and it is believed by those who know the resources of the Ohurch, in men and money, and have faith in her liberality, that as soon as she comes to comprehend the full meaning of the appeal, and her measure of responsibility, she will discharge her debt in a response to meet the need.

THE REAL HUMAN NATURE OF THE HEATHEN BY REV. JOHN W. CONKLIlf The term" heathen;' is here used to include all who are not, in the general sense, called Christians. In the time of Christ they were commonly called "dogs." Some people to-day.• I fear, if they were shown a raw, untrimmed heathen would incline to look for the third and fourth legs and the tail. We are not th us inclined. We are not conscious that we have in thought or word implied that the average heathen is not human through and through. We hold nominally tilat all nations are of one blood, and that Jesus died for the Fijians and Hindus as well as for the members of our Church. But most of us hedge a little in our inmost thought. The heathen is human-but not our kind of humanity. Suppose we learned that Jesus had a Chinese body, that John was of the Zulu type, and that Paul was in appearauce the counterpart of Sitting Bull! Perhaps our feelings would not be changed, nor _uur affections lessened-perhaps. It will not harm us to take soundings in our seas of thought as to the real depth of the popular ideas, "common humanity" and "universal brotherhood."

My chief concern now is to inquire if some common notions regarding missionary philosophy, aim, and policy are not ullsound, because they rest upon a partial failure to realize the full humanity of the heathen body, soul, and spirit.

1. It is quite commonly held that if the heathen is not .certainly lost eternally, in ignorance of the Gospel of Christ, then missions are unnecessary and absurd. Would you send food to the heathen writhing in famine? Not unless they are lost, and this will help keep them out of hell. Would yon send medical missionaries to heal the sick mothers and l:abies, the men with broken limbs and bleeding wounds? Not unless you can preach the Gospel to every patient. Would you send teachers to open windows in their unlettered, darkened, mouldy minds ? Not unless they purpose to become Christians. Would you go or send others to help woman to rid herself of foot-binding, slavery, child marriage, perpetual and accursed widowhood? Not unless these would add names to the rolls of Christian proselytes. You wouldn't! Then YOll do not half believe in the humanity of the heathen. They are not as human as you, or your children, your neighbors, your community. You would help these latter in hunger, disease, ignorance, family disabilities, without a further question. You would give to hospitals, soup-kitchens, free kindergartens, divorce-reform leagues here without any question of conversion as a condition. Churches as churches set up and support all such institutions in the name of the Lord Jesus, and, they do well. Thus do they try to be the real body of Christ, who fed and healed the multitudes, often without any condi-

THE REAL HUMAN NATURE OF THE HEATHEN

tion. If the heathen are absolutely human, then we'll freely give as we have freely received. Help them just to get rid of famine? Yes. Just to have better care in sickness and to overcome the bubonic plague? Yes. Go just as a school-teacher? Yes. Go to teach them what the words home, wife, mother really mean? Yes. Go if there be no life after death? Yes. It means something to live as an average heathen seventy years on earth, with every year three hundred and sixty-five days, every day twenty-four hours, every hour sixty minutes, and every minute sixty seconds. I would do in Amoy, Madras, Nagasaki, or Muscat, what I'd do in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, or Manila. We believe in a common humanity.

The heathen is lost. He knows not the way home. He can not find his Father. His spirit need is the deepest of all his needs. The true missionary seeks to save souls from death as his Master did and does. He wants the life of every lwathen to be made new in Christ Jesus. But he will not allow his aid to any human being to be conditioned by any doctrine of eschatology.

So too we often hear the fear expressed that we shall add to the heathen's stripes by giving him the Gospel. Why increase his responsibility, and run the risk of increasing the heat of his furnace ? We never hear the same argument from parents regarding children, Sunday-school teachers, and pastors regarding their charges. 'rhey are just as truly adding responsibility with every bit of light they give. Yet they keep on gi ving. But that is different. These latter are not heathen.

2. Some doctrines concerning the purpose and policy of foreign missions seem to assume that the heathen are not of the same flesh and blood as ourselves. What is the aim of foreign missions.? When I was in India there was quite a run in this country upon the phrase " bring the Gospel into contact with every heathen." 'rhen the Church would have fulfilled her commission. At the Ecumenical Conference of 1900 the aim of missions was declared to be "to make Jesus Christ known to the world" or " the evangelization of the world or to preach the Gospel to the world."

The world thus referred to can not be made up of people thoroughly human, like us. The aim of our work with our children, or Sundayschool scholars, or parishioners is not to make Jesus Christ known to them-and nothing more. Our aim is not fulfilled even if they are converted and come into the full communion of the Church. We want to make them fishers of men, winners of other sinners. But they are not the heathen. The aim offoreign missions must be that which, when accomplished, will cause the work of foreign missions to cease. When will foreign missions be discontinued in any given country? Not when Jesus Christ is made known to all the people, or when they are evangelized in the common sense of that term; but when there is a

Christian Church established in that country strong enough to finish the work without foreign aid. Foreign missions continued in Greece, Rome, Britain, Germany, and our own country until these nations were Christianized, until the churches in them could dispense with leading- strings. Why are we so afraid to use that word" Christianize" in re- lation to China, India, and Africa? It was a favorite word with Liv- ingstone. "Evangelize" is a far more tlJin-blooded term. It lacks robustness. It is only applied to heathen. Furthermore, the making of Jesus Christ known to the world is only a surface description of the New Testament idea of the mission of the Christ and His followers. Jesus said: "Preach the Gospel to every creature," but He went far deeper.

,. Disciple all the nations." "'Peach them to observe all things whatso- ever I have commanded you." "The Son of man is come to seek and save that which was lost." Paul says: "I am made all things to all men if by all means I might "-what? Bring the Gospel in contact with them, evangelize them, make Jesus Christ known to them?

No I "If by all means I might save some." Why should we seek to dilute such a purpose as that? Why squirm and shirk just when we are making reference to the heathen ? We should not be afraid to stand up to the project our Captain has handed down to ns. Chris- tendom should face her problem in its full scope and not try to plead any baby act because she has hardly begun to "awake and put on her strength." No wordy recipes will suffice for those nations which have been so sadly neglected during the long centuries. The best we have is none too good for them, for they are human and the Christ was lifted up to draw them unto Himself.

3. There is also a common failure to realize the humanity of the heathen when we expect that having taken the yoke of Christ they must be less prone to fall than Christians here at home. rI'hey must have no babyhood in Christ, but be electrically and instantaneously transformed into strong men. There is no warrant for such an idea in the history of the apostolic churches. '['he Corinthians were not exactly perfect in the opinion of Paul. Nor do we find any evidence that our own heathen ancestors were able, as SOOI1 as they became Christians, to overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil in every fight. They may have been miracles of grace, but they surely were not miracles of perfection. 'rhe heathen are human, with passions like to those of Elijah and ourselves. Heredity, habit, surroundings-all these affect their blood and nerves and thoughts as they do ours. They can not jump from the kindergarten to the postgraduate school of Christian attainment. As individuals and as churches they must pass upward by means of great struggles and many falls, both in doctrine and life. Let us be patient, considering our temptations, and pray hard for the youthful disciples of Christ among whom there will be successors of Peter, Thomas, Demas, and Judas.

The heathen are human, with the same humanity which the Son of God filled with His deity. The Master gives us sure footing as to the treatment of the heathen, body, soul and spirit; as to the rock-bottom purpose of missions; and as to the human frailty of every child of Adam until he "sees Him as He is."

DIFFICULTIES IN THE MADURA DISTRICT

DIFFICULTIES IN THE MADURA DISTRICT BY REV. H. O. HAZEN, ARUPPUKOTTA, INDIA Missionary of the American Board, 1867- If one considers the difficulties of missionary work in this district, he will see the following: 1. Difficulty of caste. Much has been written on the subject, but we can scarcely exaggerate the evil. We meet with it at every turn and in most unsuspected moments. In the Madura District alone there are eight Moslem and two hundred and fifty-one Hindu castes. These are divided and subdivided again and again. Even the Pariahs (outcastes) have many subdivisions, and the antipathy between the castes and subdivisions is so great that when one becomes Christian all the others stand aloof. When A is in the church, B is out; and when B is in, A is out. Sometimes we gain a foothold among two castes of a place '['hen all the tact and faith and patience of both missionary and catechist are required to harmonize the two elements. Each wants a separate catechist and church. If they come into the same church, by a sort of instinct they seat themselves on caste lines, and would even like caste cups at the communion-table. All such claims we firmly resist. It remains to be seen what effect the individual communion-cups, just now being introduced in a few churches, will have on the caste question.

When it is borne in mind that different Hindu castes will not only never intermarry nor eat together, but that high castes will sooner starve thall receive food from low caste men or Europeans, that they will not give to or take food from other castes to save life, one sees how cruel is this system. Cases frequently come to our attention of sick persons lying two or three days in a public street of a large place and left to die there without food or drink, simply because no one of their particular caste happened to come along. Thus, caste is utterly destructive of patriotism, of all brotherly feeling, and of all love. And as love is the center and heart of Chri8tianity, caste and Christianity are in utter antagonism.

Moreover, caste has been so woven into the warp and woof of the Hindu life for many generations that long after he has let go his religion he holds on to caste. In view of this, it is not strange that it shows itself in our churches. Like cork in water, it continually comes to the surface, unless the firm hand of the missionary holds it down.

2. Another difficulty in our district is the huge temple at Madura, covering fourteen acres of ground, with an immense revenue for its maintenance. Its tall pagodas, which can be seen many miles distant, are a standing challenge to Christianity. The large number of Brahmans who live by the temple shrewdly keep up the great annual fes-

tivals, to which the people flock in crowds from all parts of the district. The popular ear and eye are caught by the noise and show at these festivals. They look forward during the whole year to these times as their great holidays as well as hOly days. An is in marked contrast to the severe simplicity of Christianity, which those who have the form without the power of true religion feel; but those who have the real joy of forgiveness and peace only look with pity upon ·this attempt to bolster up a false and hollow system.

It is thought by some that car-drawings, such as used to be wit· nessed at Juggernaut, have been abolished by government. This is a mistake. I know from personal observation that idol-cars are annually drawn at five different places in the Madura District. In fact, the car-drawing is the principal business at the festival; that is the climax to which all look forward. Government has prohibited the voluntary immolation of victims before the car, but men and women roll behind the car, and occasionally, without any warning, or before any one has a suspicion of what is going to take place, a woman will throw herself in front of the moving car and be crushed before it can be stopped. This is, of course, snicide, with religious fanaticism as the supposed cause, helped along, no doubt, by misery in the home lite.

Incredible tho it may seem, " hook-swinging" is still practised in the Madura District. A hook is passed through two strong muscles in the back, and then the man is swung high into the air, and the car is slowly moved along. A vast throng is eager to catch the flowers which he scatters, which are supposed to contain great merit, as if they had fallen from heaven. The man who endures all that is looked upon as a god, and makes enough money by it to live in idleness during the remainder of his life.

Many of the lower castes in Southern India are devil worshipers. They worship the devil because they are afraid of him. 'fhe wily priests prophesy to the people when they try to become Christians· that many calamities will overtake them if they forsake their father's god: houses will take fire, crops will be destroyed, cows and sheep will die, children will sicken and die, etc. These unscrupulous priests have ways of fulfilling their own prophecies, and all the heathen are with them in the plot. We have many sad illustrations of this state· ment. One entire family was wiped out one after another by poison, the priest warning the wife and mother at each step; but she held ou t, true to Christ, till all were gone, and she was carried to a distant place and never heard of afterward.

Thus we have had to fight the devil inch by inch, but we are gaining ground every year. We are bringing up our parallels, laying our mines, and sooner or later Hinduism must collapse and Christianity triumph. What is needed is a mighty effusion of the Holy Spirit.

The Madura Mission is one of the oldest missions of the American

PLAN FOR UNION CHURCHES IN FAR EASTERN PORTS

Board, having begun work in the Madura District, Southern India, in the year 1834. It is a compact mission, all of the ten stations centering around the City of Madura, where are the headquarters, and no one is more than seventy miles distant. This is convenient for general business meetings, which are held three times each year, and for the annual gatherings with all the native helpers and with large numbers of the Christians, who come to the popular meetings.

The mission is also well equipped for all the work that a mission should try to do. It has a college and theological seminary, 5 high schools, 2 normal schools, 1 Bible woman's training institution, 7 boarding-schools, 2 industrial schools, 16 caste Hindu girls' schools, 200 village schools, 2 hospitals, and 3 dispensaries. During these seventy years fine and substantial buildings have been erected for the above institutions, and women are given an equal chance with the men.

The workers are 14 missionaries with their wives, 1 male and 1 female physician, 11 single lady workers, 23 native pastors, 165 catechists and evangelists, 88 Bible women, and 344 teachers.

There are 5,349 church-members, 17,940 adherents (i.e., churchgoers), and 9,301 pupils in all the schools.

At no time have we had any great wave of revival that brings in a multitude, but it has been a steady, healthy growth from the beginning. All our gains have been by means of prayers, faith, hard and patient work.

A PRACTICAL PLAN FOR UNION CHURCHES IN THE FAR EASTERN PORTS BY THE REV. EDWARD A. WICHER, B.D., KOBE, JAPAN Pastor of the Union Church In the April number of the REVIE~ the writer has spoken of the urgent importance of doing something to meet the religious needs of the foreign communities in the Far Eastern parts. All that he has said there he assumes here, and has in mind briefly to outline a practical plan of working, of which he has thought much while engaged in his own pastoral duties in Kobe. He has had much discussion of this subject with merchants, missionaries, diplomats, and tourists, and has heard a great variety of opinion expressed. He is free to confess that he knows no plan which will work out completely satisfactorily while the Church at home is in its present divided state, and while there are such diversities of creed and forms of service, as well as of language and race, among the members of even the smaller communities of foreigners resident in the Eastern cities. But, nevertheless, some plans are better than others, and the impossibility of finding a perfect plan need not deter us from inquiring what is the best practicable plan.

The discussion may be summed up under three heads: the responsibility for the support of these pastors, the constitution of the committee in the home land, and the method of appointing the men who are chosen for the work.

After considering the question from various points of view, it has seemed to the writer that, apart from the cities with large foreign settlements, such as Hongkong and Shanghai, the responsibility for support must rest upon the churches in America. Not but that a large part, and, in some individual charges, the whole of the support may be obtained from the communities themselves; these Eastern residents are usually very generous toward any benevolent or religious enterprise which commends itself to them. But the community is too .shifting. A congregation in the East is always more or less of a procession. The men who are most serious and purposeful in their religion, the men who constitute the strength of a congregation anywhere, are usually men who come with definite church attachment at home, who look forward to the time when they will return to their home and their home church, and who regard themselves as being simply sojourners in a strange city. Sometimes they are even pledged contributors to charities at horne. In any case, their life is not to be spent in the East, and while they may be willing to pay toward the support of an Eastern church, and even to act upon its committee, they will not and can not assume the responsibility for its continuous activity, as they would in the case of a home church~ The truth is, we are all camping out. We may be going home in a month, or a year, or three years; none of us, unless it be the. pastor, expects to stay for a lifetime, none of us wants to do so. There may be a score of active, earnest men in a congregation this year, and next year not a one. But what is certain is that there will be hundreds-nay, thousands-of these campers all the time, and a majority of them young men. 1'hey will probably support the church, but they can not be responsible for its support; the responsibility must rest at home.

And in some of the smaller communities, such as Nagasaki and Seoul, where a pastor is urgently needed, self-support is, for the present at least, quite out of the question. Tho in reference to certain even of these settlements, it is not unreasonable to hope that if they are properly cared for now, the day will come when they will be selfsustaining.

Enough has been said to show that in these fluctuating communities of the East the continuity of administration can only be in a strong committee in America.

The next point to be considered is how shall this committee be constituted? Shall it be an entirely new organization effected for this purpose, or shall it be one of the existing missionary committees with its fUDctions so enlarged as to comprehend this work, or shall it be in

PI,AN FOR UNION CHURCHES IN FAR EASTERN PORTS

some coordination of all the various existing missions that are willing to cooperate in this new activity?

A new missionary society established'for the purpose of supplying ordinances to the American residents in the East should enlist much sympathy in the churches of America. It should enlist sympathy from a large class of men who are not willing to do much to convert the heathen, but would be willing to do something to aid, in a religious way, their fellow citizens living abroad. It should especially enlist the sympathy of the large American firma doing business ih the East and sending their employees out into all the dangers and temptations of Oriental life. But such a society would 'add one more to the nlany already in existence, and would necessitate a new set of machinery and a new propaganda.

Or the existing missionary societies might· enlarge their scope so as to include with the mission to the heathen a mission also to' the white foreigner. An objection to this method would be that no single dflnorriination could command the united following of all the different denominations. Whatever organization undertakes this work should, if possible, officially represent all evangelical denominations in one unTted movement. Nor wonld the method of having different churches occupy different cities be likely to be permanently satisfactory. 'rhe whole of the Far East is in many ways' one commnnity, a life with com- Irion: characteristics and habits of its own, whose residents are con- stantly shifting backward and forward from one settlement to another. Now if we call the church in Yokohama a Methodist church, and that in Kobe a Presbyterian church,and that in Seoul a Gongre- gational church, the man who goes from Yokohama to Kobe or Seoul will not find the church which he already knows, and to which he is already attached, but another and a strange church. It seems to the writer to be much the best way to call them all Union churches, and to place them under the administration of a committee, which, while being controlled by no one denomination, shall yet really represent them all. '

How, then, could such a committee be formed? Perhaps out of many possible plans the best would be that the different evangelical mission boards should each choose one representative, and that the representatives thus chosen should act together as a committee to raise money to find suitable men and appoint them to their places in the fields. Part of the money could undoubtedly be raised by,appealing to individuals and business houses, as mentioned above; the rest would be raised by a pro rata contribution of the various interested foreign mission boards. If twenty boards cooperated, and the total annual cost of the work, exclusive of the money raised upon the fields, should amount to $10,000, this would be an annual charge of $500 upon each mission board. The amount here mentioned is the outside limit of

cost for ten foreign pastors, but probably when it came to the actual working it would be found that half this amount of money would suffice, the rest being obtainable from the churches in the East. 1'he propriety of using foreign mission money in this way has already been dealt with in the preceding article; it is here assumed that in the interest of missions to the heathen such a use is proper.

A committee constituted in such a manner would send out minis- ters who would represent the whole evangelical Church and the whole American people, and as such would undoubtedly command the con- fidence and support of all the national representatives, as well as the missionaries, and be placed in a position in which they could do their most effective work.

As to the manner of appointment of the men chosen, the com- mittee in America should in GYer.y case seek the cooperation of the foreigners living in the place to which the pastor is to be sent, they should consult local feeling and do everything possible to deepen the sense of responsibility felt by the local congregation. The mission- aries who live in and near to each settlement should be consulted as a body; they in turn would be able to· influence at least a few other foreigners; this whole company together C0111d do something to prepare for the coming of the pastor, to give him a hearty reception, and help to emphasize the importance of the work which he had come to do. In no case would it be wise to send a minister to any settlement without first consulting with those foreigners on the ground who might be favorably disposed toward such a movement.

But even if these greatly needed Union church pastors were all secured for the East, the work would not be completely organized. There would still be the necessity of providing for the social activities of these churches. There would be wanted church-halls and clu bhouses, libraries and gymnasia. There would be the consideration of the question how far these things could be most effectively provided by the Young Men's Christian Association, and how far by the Union Church. In any case, the respective spheres of these two organizations would not be quite the same, and the American committee would have to comider the whole question of the social responsibilities of the churches to the committees.

If our brethren at home could only see the importance of the work here proposed; if they could see the multitude of young men tempted to vice almost beyond endurance; if they could see the pride of race, the contempt of man, the indifference to purity, the sin against love, the gilded gaiety which vainly seeks to hide the awful sadness of Oriental fatalism, the mute endurance of pain, the hopelessness of the hereafter; if they could see foreign society denationalized and de- Christianized, and exerting its oftentimes unwholesome influence upon a slowly awakening heathenism (for every foreigner in the East, whether he will or not, is It missionary, a representative of the West to the East, for weal or woe)-if our brethren in America could see these things, they would feel that for the sake of their kindred in Asia, and for the sake of the Asiatics themselves, they should do something and do it quickly.

THE PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA

THE PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA * AS INDICATED IN THE REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF 1901 BY SIR CHARLES ELLIOTT The main results of the Census of 1901 as regards the classification of the people by religions were published towards the end of that year, and the hearts of all who are interested in missionary enterprise were gladdened by the news that the spread of Christianity was continuing unchecked. The increase in the number of native Christians, which in the period between 1872 and 1881 had been 22 per cent. and in the next decade 33 per cent., was found to be 30.8 per cent. in the decade between 1891 and 1901. The total number of native Chris- tiaus rose from Ii millions in 1872 to 2 millions in 18J1, and to 21 millions in 1901. 'fhe same encouraging tale was repeated as the results came out Province by Province; in some parts the increase was larger, in some it was less, but nowhere was there any seriolls retardation of the rate of progress, still less any positive setback or relapse from Christianity on a large scale. Since 1901 we have had the separate reports of various Provinces issued from time to time, and now at last the general Census Report for all India has appeared, summing up the statistical results for the whole country, and containing the comments and mature conclusions of the two Census Commissioners, Mr. Risley and Mr. Gait, the two men who probably know more of their subject than any other living men in India.

It is with the results of the Census as regards religion, and especially as regards Christianity, that this article is concerned. The only thing that need be said respecting other religions is that 70 per cent. of the population profess the Hindu religion, 21 per cent. the Mohammedan, and 3 per cent. the Buddhist: and that the numbers of the two latter religions have increased during the decade at the expense of the Hindus, not as it appears through proselytism on their part. but because the Mohammedans in Sindh and Easterll Bengal, and the Buddhists in Burma, have occupied the only parts of the country which have been free from drought or any other trouble, and have multiplied greatly in consequence, while the Hindus have suffered grievously from the two calamitous famines of 1896 and 1900.

While the growth of the general population during the last decade, which would ordinarily be about 10 per cent. during ten prosperous years, was kept down to the low rate of It per cent. by the unfavor- able character of the period, the growth of Christianity has been far more rapid, and the number of its adherents among the natives has risen by 30.8 per cent. and stands now at 2,664,313. Including Europeans and Eurasians, the number is 2,923,241, but we are concerned here only with native Christians. "The degree of success," says the report, "attending missionary effort at the present day is even greater than would appear from the rate of increase disclosed by these figures." There is a great inert mass of Christianity in Cochin and Travancore, the stronghold of the Syrian Church, among whom the impetus of proselytism is quite or nearly extinct. The Roman Catholic missions in Upper India, especially in parts of Bengal and in Burma, are very active, but, taken as a whole, the Roman Catholic and • Condensed from the Church Mis.•ionary Intelligencer.

Syrian Churches, which together number 1,694,000 persons, have only increased by 17 per cent., while the Reformed Churches, which now number 845,000 converts, have increased by 43 per cent.

'rhe number of denominat.ions which are .comprised under the head of Reformed Churches is large, the converts naturally returning themselves for the most part under the head of the Missionary Society to which they are attached. Some indeed, whether from ignorance and confusion, or from a catholic dislike to any title which seems to conflict with one common Christianity, have entered vague, indefinite names in the schedule, such as Protestants, Unsectarian, and so forth, or have returned themselves simply as Christians, with no specific denomination, and these are as many as 144,000 in number. For the rest, the missionary societies have been grou ped together in a similar manner to that which was adopted in Mr. Blaine's Census Report for 1891, and in: the statistics Protestant missions appear under six main heads: Anglican, Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist and Wesleyan, Calvini~t and Congregational, Lutheran German and Moravian. Some changes in the grouping have, however, been made with very unfortunate results, for they go far to confuse the comparison which I should like to make between the results of the two censuses. The Welsh Calvinist Mission in Assam, who returned their converts in 1891 as Methodists, now made a special application to have them tabulated as Presbyterians, on the ground that their form of government is akin to that of the Presbyterian chnrches. Those who returned themselves as Protestants have been grouped under Anglicans; they were 49,000 in 1891, and were tabulated separately; now their numbers amount to 92,000, and go to swell unduly the Anglican total.

I have, however, prepared a table showing the number of native Christians under each of the six main heads, with the figures of the previol1s census attached by way of comparison. They are arranged according to the main territorial areas into which India is divided in the Census Heport, omitting only some of the small units like Uoorg 01' Beluchistan, in which the numbers of Protestant Christians are insignificant, and in the case of the large Provinces uniting the figures for the native and tributary States attached to those Provinces with the figures for theresidents in British districts.

Looking first at the final column, which shows the total number of Protestant Christians enumerated in either census, we see how great the increase has been in almost every case. In Assam and the United Provinces the .number has trebled; in Bengal it has more than doubled, chiefly owing to conversions among the tribes in Chota Nagpur by the Anglican and Lutheran missions; and in the Punjab it has increased by more. than half. These are Provinces in which missionary work has been active and no special disturbillg conditions have existed. The same may be said of Madras, where the increase has been more than a half, but there tne numbers are 80 large and the faithJlus been so long established that the natural growth of population must account for a great deal, as well as the impulse of proselytism. In Burma, on the other hand, with similar conditions, a prosperous and rising population, and active missionary enterprise, the numbers have actually fallen from 83,000 to 80,000. This is caused by·a great reduction in the numbers of American Baptists, to which I .shall refer later on. But it is in the tracts most severely afllicted by

THE PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA

Table A-Census Statistics of Native Christians of Protestant Denominations ",.""":: "'" ~'"i "il "~'" tl",",-.

""1 tl ~~ " '" ~C'~tl.~~ :"S Total "t;""

'!: Baptists c~ tli::l ….. ;£ …,,1>; .::l 0>",,,, ." <~'~" '"' '"o<l ~~~ ~"'" "c II II – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ~- ………… ………… ………… AJ' m.lr…………. {11899011 465 548 25 1,038 793 626 W( 1,516 Assam ………… {{~l 1,324 7 3,718 6,750 3 779 f 9,581 2Q8 27 1,428 1,840 16,080 9,969 4 29,343 Bengal….. ……. { 11980911 2.~,464 1,629 12,959 564 1,228 22,954 62,798 } 112 B. erar……. …… { 11980911 3,663 20,307 2,566 1,918 69,394 133,447 35,599 '''293 5 148 19 ………… 37 13 21 9 745 274 Bombay……….. J111980911 2,897 276 785 229 485 880 5,302 } 496 15,408 4,932 20 769 33,670 Burma………… {~:~ 3,522 9,019 Central Provinces { ~~~ 3,493 15 79,433 18 13,432 16 65,755 230 ………… 223 83,189 } -3 798 80,224 !lO2 310 I 87 218 2.727 429 72 ………… 3,872 1,189 } 768 878 2,392 10,293 Madras…….. , … { j~~ 120,208 16,742 88,359 1,757 5,523 38,585 271,174 l 61 20'2,295 8,389 118,702 4,428 25,457 77,451 436,672 J . 22 f 14,419 550 20,385 Punjab and { 1891 4,822 9,235 340 ………… ……….. 43 Frontier…….. 1901 15,218 4,151 466 United Provinces { ~~~ 5,447 1,374 385 13,302 147 222 18,777 } 233 7,100 2,179 65 60,716 243 50,629 !lOO Baroda ……. , . . . { 1198U911 8 26 3 . ··i.i4 ………… 4 41 6,991 12 8 13 7,168 Central Ind.ia….. { 11980911 75 69 3 8 ………… ………… 155 2 2 1,189 659 526 'RaJ' put·ana.. ·….. {11899011 75 8 6 "'269 ………… ………… 89 45 1,009 138 557 i Hyderabad.. … .. 11980911 1,965 462 298 642 "'277- 4 3,366 2,412 538 844· 1,037 114 5,222.

i Mysore …. ,. . . . . . 11899011 693 41 28 783 143 114 1,802 299 5,121 Coch.m………… { 11980911 2,606 207 38 1,816 105 Travancore…. … { 11980D1! ….. . ….. No f.ig..u.r.e.s 41 ………… ………… 52 1,803 1.896 …… No figures …… …… 10 4 7s;:iiil …… 4 80 3 78,217 —— ————— Total. ……. …. { ·t1l980911 207,546 33,329 197,487 24,412 46,009 67,925 576,708 305,917 43,064 216,915 68,489 87,313 153,768 825,466 Numerical increase …. 98,371 9,735 19,428 44,077 8,696 85,843 248,758 Increase per ·cent……. 47 29 10 180 -19 126 43 the recent famines that the greatest influx into the Christian fold is seen. In the Central Provinces, which were hardest hit of all, the number of converts has risen from 1,000 in 1891 to 1Q,000, and in Bombay from 5,000 to 33,000. In Berar the number has risen from 37 to 745, in Baroda from 41 to 7,168, in Central India from 155 to * Page 179, Oensus Report, 1890. t Page 399, Census Report, 1900.

1,189, in Rajputana from 89 to 1,009, and in Mysore and Hyderabad the increase is equally remarkable. Here, no doubt, we have a new agency at work, that of the Orphan Asylums, into which so many of the helpless waifs of the great families were received; and besides this we see the effects of the emotions of gratitude and affection which were aroused by the devoted labors of the missionaries, to whose zeal and untiring energies every spectator, including Lord Curzon, the Viceroy, hail paid such liberal tribute.

Turning to the grouping of the six main denominations and looking to the three bottom lines of the table, which contain the total figures of converts attached to the different denominations as shown in the Census Reports for 1891 and 1901, we see the general results of the campaign against heathenism carried on by the great missionary organizations at work in the country. The number of converts who belong to the Anglican communion has risen from 207,546 to 305,917an increase of 98,371, or 47 per cent.* These are mainly attached to the Church Missionary Society, with its daughter the Church of England Zenana Society, and to the S. P. G. 'I'he Presbyterian churches nave raised their numbers from 33,329 to 43,064, or 29 per cent. The Baptists have increased from 197,487 to 216,915, a rise of 10 per cent. The Methodists and Wesleyans return an increase of 180 per cent., while the Congregationalists show a decrease of 19 per cent., but this is due to the fact that the missionaries of the London Mission in some parts of India, especially in Madras and Travancore, instructed their converts to record no denomination, on the ground that they wished to discourage the idea that there were any real differences of belief between different Christian sects. The Lutheran missions, including the Danish Mission in Chota Nagpur and the Basel Mission on the West Coast of Madras, record the greatest growth of all, from 67,925 to 153,768, or 126 per cent. The total increase under all these groups is 248,758, or 43 per cent.

We have, however, another source of information on the subject which should uot be neglected in the" Statistical Tables of Protestant Missions," which are based an returns sent in from the different missions. 'fhese show the number of persons whom the mission heads return as belonging to their communities, while the Census statistics show what the people return as regards themselves. The mission figures work out to a total of 808,210 native Christians, which involves a smaller difference, from the 825,466 of the Census Report, than one might have expected. If we compare the two sets of figures for each group of denominations the results are as follows: GROUP OF DENOMINATIONS By Census By Statistical Tables Tables for Protes- Anglican.. … … . …… .. …. ……….. . ……….. 805,917 tant Missions Presbyterians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 4.~,064 Baptists……………………………………… 216,915 184,274 (f) Methodi~ts. .. … . …… ….. …… ….. .. ……….. 68,489 57,065 Congregationalists……………………………. 37,313 154,078 Lutheran…………………………………….. 153,768 133,446 171,130 (1) 108,217 Total ……. " .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825,466 808,210 It would seem from this comparison that more converts have returned themselves as members of the Anglican, Baptist, and Lutheran communities than their pastors would admit as belonging to their • Erroneously put at 98,471, or 48 per cent., in the original article and table. See also note on page 857.-Editors of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW.

THE PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA

flocks, and, on the other hand, fewer .Presbyterians and Methodists and far fewer Congregationalists have done so. Table B, compiled from the "Statistical Tables," shows the numbers assigned to each group of denominations in the different territorial divisions for which statistics are there given, as well as in the larger administrative areas adopted by the Census Report.

When we pursue the comparison of these figures into the different Provinces and States we find a number of difficulties and discrepan- cies, which are partly explained by the change in the system of group- ing referred to above, but in some cases seem to be due to other causes. Thus iu Assam, according to the figures iu Table A, the Presbyterians have risen in ten years from 7,000 to 16,080, and the Methodists have fallen from 6,750 to 4,000. This is due to the fact that the converts made by the Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Mission are now tabulated as Presbyterians instead of Methodists. Looking to Table B, we see that the Scotch Mission returns its members as thirty-nine and the Welsh Mission returns 8,703, the total of the two figures being con- siderably less than the Census return attributed to "Presbyterians."

Again, in Madras the Presbyterian figures of the Census show a decrease from 16,742 to 8,339, and in the Punjab from 9,~35 to 4,151. In the Punjab there are a large number of active societies belonging to this. group, the American Reformed Presbyterian, the Reformed Church of America, the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. A., and the Church of Scotland Mission, and, according to the figures given in t~e "Statistical Tables," their numbers have risen from ahout 14,000 in 1890 to 22,242 in 1900. Similarly, in the Madras Presidency, where in 1890 they had hut few missionaries, they now return over 14,444 converts, and the census figures disagree strangely in both cases. These mistakes seem to be connected with those which have affected the figures for the Congregationalist group, and possibly for the Methodist group also. The total for the Congregationalist group was returned iu 1890 as 46,009, but the details recorded against each Province work out to a total of only about 7,500. Whether the total was vitiated by the inclusion of some of the" Minor Denominations," or of those who only returned themselves by the vague name of" Protestant," or whether some figures have dropped out in the Provincial details, it is at this distance of time impossible to discover; but it is evident that the comparison of the Denominational figures of the two censuses must not be pushed too far, as justifying any conclusion as to any great increase, and (lspecially as to any decrease, of the number.

Again, the statistics given for Burma are perplexing. According to them there has been a large increase in the number of Anglicans and of Methodists, but a fall of 14,000 in the Baptist community. Turning to the" Statistical Tables of Protestant Missions" for both periods, we find that the number of Baptists is returned as 81,805 in 1890, with over 30,000 communicants, while the number of converts for 1900 is given as only 37,929. The mission in Burma is conducted by the American Bap~ist Missionary Union, and I have not had access to any report of this society which might explain the cause of this decrease in numbers.

Besides the converts who are grouped under the leading denominations, there are a considerable number outside of these groups, and a still larger number who have not given the name of any denomination to which .they belong~ There were nearly 110,000 such in 1890, and

• the number has grown to 145,199 in 1900. Definite comparison can only be made in one case-that of the Salvationists; whose numbers were 1,138 in 1890, and are now 18,847; they are fouud almost entirely in Bombay, Madras, and Travancore.

It is possible that many of those who returned no denomination may belong to the Roman Catholics, but, omitting these, all the rest can be classed as Protestant, whose total number will, therefore, be 628,368 for 1890, and 868,745 for 1900, 8 rise of 240,377, or 38 per cent.

It is time now to leave the statistics and tables of the Census and to turn to the report itself. It is a matter for congratulation that the duty of reviewing the figures and pointing out their meaning should have fallen to one so sympathetic and large minded as Mr. A. E. Gait.

In some previous Census reports we have noticed a tendency to treat the question in a rather distant and purely arithmetical tone, as if the variations in a sect which numbers, only some Ii millions or 2 mil- lions were scarcely worthy (if consideration to a writer who is dealing with the fortunes of 250 or 300 millions. But here a different and a much more sympathetic tone is adopted, the causes which have inllu- enced the conversion are thoughtfully considered, and several inter- esting ;facts and arguments are set out which will be valuable to those who advocate the missionary'cause on public platforms.

A warning is given against too much haste in admitting catechu- mens to bILptism. Mr. Burn writes of the Methodist mission in the United provinces: "The results show that if a high standard is not insisted on, converts are easy to obtain. . It is obvious that where conversion has been so easy, relapses are likely to occur, and there is, in fact, a wide difference between the statistics of this mission, which show between 80,000 and 90,000 members, including proba- tioners, instead of 50,000, as record.ed in the Census." * This point has, Its the Census Commissioner remarks, "an important bearing on th.e ~tatistics s.ho~ing the relative degree of success attained by the In misslOUlilry bodIes, and on the permanence and completeness of the work. the district of Nadiya, in Bengal, the evil effects of the wholesale '.admission to the Church of many imperfectly converted persons wh'o.came under the influence of the missionaries during the famine of I~38 continue to make themselves felt even at the present day." . . .

But the m<,>st important portion of these pages in the report is devoted to analyzing the motives whi9h have led to this great change of religion, and the effect it has produced in the lives and conduct of the Christian converts. Weare met on the threshold by the objection, which is so often clleard in hostile mouths, that Christians are bought by bribes of money and employment, and that conversion is due to the prospect of advancement in life. This objection, at any rate in the crude form here setdown, is amply met by a remark quoted from Mr.

Burn, the Census Offiper for the United Provinces: In the early days of Christian missions it was almost a necessity thaI; the missions should provide means of su bsistence for their converts, and the result of this is stm felt as a hindrance in mission work, and the charge is freely made that the converts change their religions for material gain. Such a charge ca,n not be maint~ined now when numbers have increased so enormously, while the expenditure of this [the Methodist] • Compare 'the figures for the United Provinces in the column headed "Methodist WesleYa,Ds" in Table A. 50.629; in Table B, 92,725.

THE PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA

• Native Chrbtians in .. Statistical Tables of Protestant Missions for 1900"

.,~ t …:.s. !:! Table B – "<:l … ~6 ~ :"5'i'tl PROVINCE OR STATE "<l;>' ~~ Angli- Presby- Baptists ,.:j~ Total cans terians ~.~..~~~ .,,<:l !! – – – —~ —~ ~ ——~ —~ Assam …………………… 2,225 39 9,972 8,703 20,939 Bengal: Oalcntta …………. 2,142 496 842 925 784 5,189 South of Calcutta ………. 3,801 East and North of Calcutta. 6,204 1,845 644 1,187 7,477 124 289 1,573 34 8,2'24 East Bengal. ……. '" …… 1,201 9,262 238 10,701 North BengaL ………….. 60 665 725 Sikkim …………………. 3,489 3,489 Orissa…………………… i5~i27 · i:14ii 6,11lS 4;;~57i 6,188 Chota Nagpur…………… Santhal.. ……………….. 3,954 i2;803 61,698 17,902 – – – – – – – – Behar…………………… 295163 361 583 707 2,109 —- — Total, BengaL ………… 32,724 – – ~– 5,477 32,255 3,725 2,243 47,278 123,702 United Provinces: East Div… 2,572 2,269 No figs. 2,169 48'J 7,492 – – – – – – – – – – – – Oudh …………………… 683 6,676 89,752 West Division …………… 2,752 · i~7i9 136 5,857 280 —– 302 84,699 —~ Total, United Provinces… 6,007 3,988 438 92,725 762 1011,920 Punjab …………………… 9,921 22,242 1,585 2,064 171 35,983 Rajputana………………… 188 1,544 2,360 4,072 Bombay: Sindh…………… 167 · 3~238 204 371 Gujrat …………………. 7,905 Bombay City ……………. 904 · 4,667 8~7i';' 10,574 Nortb of Bombay……….. 5,942 235 721 South of Bornbay ……….. 353 50 145 6,137 1,620 211 1,912 4,096 – – – – – – – – Canara …………………. 5,737 5,737 —- — —~ –~ Total, Bombay………… 7,866 5,143 5,737 8,925 7.649 34,820 Central India……………… 84.q 2,000 107 4,291 2,000 Berar …………………….. 2,403 606 560 107 Oentral Provinces…………. 1,026 'i;076 495 7,576 Hyderabad ……………….. 12 3,653 6,816 Mysore …………………… 1,112 11,586 5,251 Coorg…………………….. 370 370 Madras: Bellary ………….. 6,243 9,880 2,832 ';;;035 18,95.~ Malabar ………………… 63;152 6,03.~ Tinnevelly………………. 35,515 Madura ………………… 3,976 98,667 Tanjor …………………. 3,286 17,276 1,271 22,523 Trichinopoly ……………. 2,642 969 12,591 16,796 Coimbatore……………… 276 414 3,332 Nilgiris …………………. · i;339 768 909 272 1,949 Salem and Arcot………… 776 io~i02 113 · 227 i~OO3 681 2,360 2,422 14,308 Chingleput ……………… Madras …………………. · 4;16i 1,265 800 2,308 231 4,599 NelIore …………………. 1,069 300 1,029 965 1,248 8,772 Cuddapah ………………. · 3~834 '''688 52,031 · 9;274 2,449 54,480 79 13,875 Kistna………………….. 13,103 . 2;386 35,975 Godavery……………….. 1,767 20,486 Vizagapatam …………… 5,882 7,649 1,320 77 1,397 ——- —————– Total, Madras …………. 76,592 14,444 71,392 5,572 95,488 ,18,179 311,667 Cochin……………………. 99 99 Travancore……………….. 35,515 63,152 98,667 Burma……………………. 9,385 37,929 618 279 48,211 , Grand Total. …………… 184,274 57,065 154,078 133,416 171,130' 108,217 . 808,210 • Mr. Eugene Stock, of the Church Missionary SOCiety, says that "the London Mission," included among" Minor Denominations," is the London Missionary Society, and therefore its figures (10,321) should be added to the Congregationalists. He also points out an apparent error in the table on page 857, in the summary of figures from the Statistical Tables of Protestant Missions. In the column headed Congregationalists, 63,152 represent the Christians of

mission shows a lower rate per head than that of any mission in the Province.

But the fact remains that the converts belong mainly to the lower castes and to the aboriginal tribes, and the nature of the mixed causes which contribute to this result deserves to be, and has been, carefully analyzed. Speaking of the great increase which has taken place among the Mundas and Oraons, aboriginal tribes of Chota Nagpur, "where the Lutheran missionaries who sympathize with them in their disputes with their landlords, and who maintain excellent schools, have raised the number of theil' converts from 23 to 69 thousand," while the number of Roman Catholics has risen from 78 to 90 thousand, the Census Commissioner writes: .

One of the oldest missionaries in Chota Nagpur tells me that the movement among the aboriginal tribes of that tract is purely social. They look to the missionaries for help in their disputes with their landlords, and they see in Christianity a means of escape from the payment of fines imposed on witches and on those who are supposed to have neglected the demons, and from the persecution to which they would be subject if unwilling to meet the demands of the Bhuts (spirits) and their earthly servants.

There is no doubt that the converts in Chota Nagpur are the class among whom, more than any others in India, the motives for conversion have been, to a large extent, material and earthly, but no one can suppose that these uneducated and uncivilized tribes are able to rise at once to a high spiritual conception of the new faith. Mr. Francis, in the Madras Report, dealing with the lower castes of Hindus rather than with aboriginal tribes, puts the case in a clear and more encouraging way: The classes of Hindus which are lowest in the social scale .

have little to lose by forsaking t,he creed of their forefathers. As long as they remain Hindus they are daily and hourly made to feel that they are of commoner clay than their neighbors. . . . But once a youth from these people becomes a Christian his whole horizon changes. He is as carefully educated as if he were a Brahman; he is put in the way of learning a trade or obtaining an appointment as a clerk; he is treated with kindness and even familiarity by missionaries who belong to the rul- ing race; takes an equal part with his elders and betters in the service of the Church, and in due time can choose from among the neat-handed girls of the mission a wife skilled in domestic matters and even with some little learning. . • . The remarkable growth in the numbers of the native Christians thus largely proceeds from the natural and laudable discon- tent with their lot which possesses the lower classes of the Hindus, and so well do the converts, as a rule, use their opportunities, that the com- munity is earning for itself a constantly improving position in the public estimation. '

Causes of the Increase I will close these quotations with one in which the Census Commissioner, Mr. Gait. records the aspect of the question presented to him by a Madras missionary of forty years' standing.

According to him the chief human causes (for the increase) are: 1. Antecedent labor, or the cumulative result of the efforts made in previous decades.

thE' London Mission in Travancore, but. just before, there appears exactly the same figure, 63,152, against Tinnevelly, where the L. M. S. has no mission. ThiR makes the total given for Congregationalists, 171.130, which is manifestly wrong by this figure of 63,152. 'finnevelly i~ only credited with 35,515 Anglicans, whereas the right number is not far sbort of 100,000. Per haps the 63,152 stated to be Congregationalists in Tinnevelly ought to be added to the Anglican.

THE PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA

2. Increased efficiency in missionary workers, both foreig!l and native, who are better qualified than at any previous time; the former have studied not only the vernaculars, but also Sanscrit literature, and are thus in closer touch with the spiritual perplexities of the Hindus.

3. The translation of the Bible into the vernaculars, and its extensive distribution among all classes.

4. The improved status of the native community, who by their intelligence, education, and energy have won for themselves a much higher position than they had formerly.

5. The spread of Western education, which has broken down old superstitions and prejudices.

6. The help rendered to the needy in famine years, which has made them feel that the Christians are their best friends, and that the religion which prompted this help must be the best.

7. The impartiality and disinterestedness of the British Government. which has conferred so many blessings on the people and is known to be a Christian government.

It is-highly interesting to compare the three views represented in these extracts. The old missionary of Chota Nagpur, whose experi- ence lies in the part where, tho the numbers have been extremely large, the religious character of the converts is less satisfactory than elsewhere, writes in a tone of much discouragement. '],he government official in Madras takes a broad administrative view of the rise in the standard of civilization and comfort which Christianity has brought about. The old Madras missionary, living in the parts where the preaching of the Gospel has had its earliest successes and has struck furthest into the roots of the popular mind, takes the deepest, most spiritual, ahd most sanguine view of its effects. '1'here is truth in all these views. While rejoicing in the Census statistics of conversion, we must not suppose that the whole Christian fldifice is built up at once simultaneously with the profession of the faith and with baptism. The task of maintenance and of edification is as important as the task of evangelization, and demands a constant and concurrent growth in the number of the pastorate, to raise the converts t.o a constantly higher level. Those who know t.he country can quote many instances of the highest courage, faith, devotion, and piety among them. But it is no small matter to have placed the convert's feet on the first rung of the ladder, to have obtained even the first step toward success by baptism, to have cut off the contamination of heathen surroundings, superstition, immorality, oppression, and cruelty, to have placed him under such influences as those which emanate from the church and the mission-house, and to have opened out to him the possibilities of a larger life and a higher civilization.

'1'hese are the thoughts, full of hope and encouragement, with which a perusal of the Oensus Report on the growth of Christianity in India must fill every healthy mind, and as we rise from its study the thought springs to our lips, "How mightily grew the Word of God and prevailed."

EDITORIALS The Prayer Spirit in Missions proached, but themselves come to To our minds, the most interest- seek God's people. ing and hopeful sign on the horizon is the multiplication of circles for Dr. R. McKiIliam writes: prayer, for every great crisis of missions has been turned by believ- Our hope was centered in Mr. ing prayer. Radcliffe's visit to old Medrum. a small Aberdeenshire town. I shall Prayer is needed for the thrust- never .forget the night on which ing forth of laborers into the har- he_ gave hissimple message. The vest-field. But in Zech. viii: 20–23 Free Church, of which Mr. Garioch another phase of prayer for mis- was pastor, an exceptionally large sions is suggested-the effect direct- building, was crowded. People of lyon the heathen world in impel- every denomination, and from all ~ing them to come to the praying parts for .many miles round, had people of Gall, as well as to impel flocked to hear him. I think most God's praying people to go to them. of us were disappointed. We had Zechariah represents the inhabit- expected something entirely out of ants of many cities as coming up the ordinary in eloquence and with one common agreement to learning. The address was short, pray before the Lord, and as a and was more simple than we were consequence ten men out of all accustomed to. At the close Mr. languages of the nations lay hold R. invited those who were anxious of the skirts of Him that is a to receive the salvation of their Jew, saying: "We will go with souls to remain. Some of us, I you, for we have heai'd that God is regret to say, did not expect many with you." to stay after the disappointing sort of address to which we had Prayer is represented in the listened, and we had what we ex- Word of God as bearing to missions pected-nobody remained. a vital relation, and this is four~ fold: Then we had such a rebuke and such a lesson of simple faith in 1. THRUSTING FORTH LABORERS God as the writer will never for- (Matt. ix; Acts xiii). get.. That man of childlike faith stood up and said to the handful of 2. EMBOLDENING LABORERS IN workers who had remained behind, TESTIMONY (Eph. vi). looking at him with blank dis- appointment written in every face: 3. ASSURING TO THE 'VORD FREE 'Friends, have faith in God. Let COURSE (I. Thess). us ask God to send them back'! Then he prayed as a child would 4. AWAKENING THE NATIONS TO speak to his father. While he SEEK SALVATION. prayed, one by one the people be- gan to drop in; by and by, in twos To this last this text specially and threes; and, later on, in crowds, refers, and it is the most neglected until, before the prayer was finand forgotten phase of the whole ished .and a hymn sung, the big subject. True prayer is but the kirk was again one-third full. echo of God's voice in the suppliant, and hence but a sign of pur- Then what a night we had! posed blessing on His part. He who There was a wondrous breakdown; moves His people to pray moves boys, girls. young men and women, also the lost and destitute souls old gray-haired fathers and mothfor whom they pray to hunger ers wept together like babies. Dear and thirst after salvation, so that old Mr. Garioch was quite at home they do not even wait to be ap- in the blessed work of pointing out to burdened souls the way of life. Our brothel' R. was able to be with us only one night at the time. Yet for many, many months we contin- ued to reap, and the place was lit- erally changed. On that first night of the revival in old Medrum some of us began to learn the secret and SOllrce of revival; and blessed be

19041 EDITORIALS

God, for well-nigh forty years we text. Details must be had, or tbe have never quite lost the practical results of it from our life and min- class-work is juiceless if not fruitistry. "-Life of Reginald Radcliffe, pp. 72,73. less. '

The Martyr Spirit i~ Missions One naturally turns to the de- nominational magazine. But it often happens that generalities There is preeminent need in the only can be fonnd concerning the mission field of the martyr spirit- point/to be illustrated. For in- not the dying martyrdom, but the stance, supposing the point to be living martyrdom. As Paul said: pressed is the reality of conversion "I die daily." "Neither count I among Chinese Christians. The my life dear unto myself." missionary magazine has vivid de- There are two or three recent tails illustrating some other point, books which are especially of use but the only fact near to the pres- in emphasizing this aspect of mis- ent needs of the class which it con- sions: Miss Carmichael Wilson's tains is something like this: "A "Things As They Ate," Mrs. How- letter from West China mentions ard Taylor's "Pastor Rsi," and the pleasing fact that an earnest James Chalmers' Biography. The native Christian is preaching every first gives us a glimpse of the Sunday without receiving any sal- real destitution and degradation of ary." The statement can make no women and girls in India-it is a picture in the minds of the class.

glimpse into hell as it now exists; If one could question the mission- the second exhibits the niggardly ary who wrote the letter alluded spirit that is found even among to, the same fact-for we use for Christians everywhere, both in illustration an actual fact-would working and giving; and the third be told somewhat as follows: shows us a man who is so absorbed Old Ching is a villager living in in his work for souls that he cares the Hsuchau district of the Szechfor no furlough, and dares any danger, and welcomes even death, if he wan province, West China. He is may but save souls from sin. just a plain, every-day villager, with One peril in Christ's work is faded clothes, weather-beaten face, learning to do it easily, cheaply, thin, straggling grey heard, and a and without cost of effort and sacrifice. The romance of missions head like polished iVl)ry. He is must be dispelled before the real sixty years old, but every Sunday work of missions is even truly be- morning, rain or shine, finds him gun. It is easy to aspire to heroism, but it is not so easy to be a at a village ten miles from his hero. home, sending the crier through Side-Lights for Mission Study Classes the street with a gong to call the The man or woman who has to people to hear the " Jesus docplan out the work of the mission trine." When the congregation has study class quickly sees that the come together, old Ching sings a book to be studied is necessarily hymn-if croaking recitation in a little more than an outline. To question a class upon its contents quavering voice can be called singis almost as insipid as questioning ing ; he reads a few verSes from the them upon a list of rules or a cata- New Testament, and then expo.unds logue. What such a leader of classes now longs for is side-light upon the the truth with a vigor and a wealth of homelv Chinese illustration that fairly forces the new thought into sluggish minds. After a fervent prayer, the preacher hurries away, for he has other work to do. He trudges ten miles through dust or mud back to his own village, and there. with crier and gong, he im- mediately collects another congre- gation, and drives home another Gospel truth. By this time it is two o'clock, when all the villagers

go to dinner. So Mr. Ching goes The LUton' Outlook for 1905 to his house to rest. At evening In our advertising pages will be he reappears; the booming gong calls up the village again, and an- found some of our plans for making other passage of Scripture is given the REVIEW a power and a pleasure to the people in a form that they can use. Every Sunday the old to our readers during the coming man spends in this way. He has year. Some of these plans deserve done so for almost two years. Why especial emphasis here.

does he do this? Not for money, We are pleased to announce that since he is not paid for his fatiguing we have entered into an arrangelabor. If you ask him why he does ment with the Bureau of MiSSIOns, it, he will answer: .. There is no one else; and I have to tell my whereby their active editorial co- neighbors of the Savior who has operation is secured, and Drs. done so much for me, because they need Him, too." Dwight. Haven, and Tupper be- come co-editors. We have also the Half a dozen particulars have promise of advice and assistance now thrown light upon the state- from many of the officers of dement, and have proved that the nominational and inter-denomina- Gospel has taken root in this peas- tional missionary societies. ant's heart for all time. As to specific points in our out- Our object in calling attention to look, we refer our readers to the a commonplace principle is to point prospectus. The names among our out the service which the MISSION- contributors would alone insure ARY REVIEW is rendering to those articles of the highest order. Few leaders of study classes who know realize the wide range which these what itis. It has room for details; contributors and articles cover, or it sends to the ends of the earth to the value and diversity of material get details, and it plans to make found in one volume of the REthem become illuminating side- VIEW. The yearly index is worthy lights. Current numbers always of study. have some material definitely re- We mention only a few items lated to the study of missions in from our bill of fare for 1005 : China. When tbe study of Japan is taken up, the REVIEW may be Robert E. Speer-" A Review of 19Q4." Dr. A. F. Schauffier-" City Missions and Sorelied on to be the best of helpers, cial Settlements." because it collects facts from the whole field. The sixteen bound G. S. Eddy-" Unoccupied Fields in India." volumes of the MISSIONARY RE- VIEW form a great treasury atored Rev. H. P. Beach-" Educational Missions."

A Christian Chinese-" Obstacles to Missions in China."

with the ethnology, sociology, and D. C Oreene-"Japanese Christian Leaders."

theology of the non-Christian Rev. Samuel A. Motfet-H Gospel Miracles in races, and the history, biography, Korea."

and other lore of the mission enter- Dr. Charles R. Watson-" Hindrance to Mis- prise. sions in the Sudan."

The moral of these remarks is Dr. William I. Haven-H Denominational Misthat recourse to the MISSIONARY sionary Campaigns." REVIEW is an opportunity which S. Earl Taylor-" Missionary Exhibits."

the leaders of mission study classes We shall aim to make the RE- can not afford to neglect. The VIEW increasingly of specific value teacher who can bring to his class, to those who seek to awaken mis- from real life, one or two incidents sionary interest and give mission- like the one given above, which fit ary instruction at bome. The spir- the point of the lesson, has driven it.ual element of missions will also that point home and clinched it. be emphasized.

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ISLAM AND TilE ORIENTAL CHURCHES: Their teenth century. Moreover, while Historical Relations. Students' Lectures those parts of the lectures which on Missions, Princetou Theological Sem- relate to the Christian Church bear inary, 1'.lOl-3. By William Ambrose Shedd. the marks of original research in 253 pp., with 2 maps. $1.25, net. Presby- Syriac texts, those referring to terian Board of Publication, Philadelphia. Mohammedanism are gathered al- 1904. most entirely at second hand, and are of the quality to be expected in The lectures contained in this generalizations founded on the genbook which will prove most useful eralizations of some one else. to the ordinary reader are the 4th and 5th, as grouping together a These two peculiarities (frankly considerable amount of informa- admitted or implied by the author tion in regard to early Nestorian in his Introduction) might well Missions in Asia, their success, and have suggested the choice of a title the method of their extinction. less comprehensive and therefore less open to the accident of mis- Mr. Shedd points out that the widespread Christianity of Asia, leading those who resort to the which had no permanence, is an object-lesson for modern missions. book with expectations that the In order to be permanent, "Chris- author did not intend to satisfy. tianity must enter into the intellectual life of the people, and if D. there is no such life it must create it. . . . Christian schools, the SOCIAl. PIlOGRESS: A YEAR-BOOK. By Dr. Bible, and other Christian litera- Josiah Strong, Editor. 8vo. 273 pp. $1.50. ture in the vernacular-the creation The Baker Rnd Taylor Co., New York. of a truly national culture-are in- 1904. dispensahle to the conquest of a nation." Nestorian missionaries Dr. Rtrong has a genius for statisseem to have done little-they may tics. A glance at the Index of this not have had the ability to do volume will reveal something of its much-for the Christian culture of value, especially to public speakers their converts among Turks, Arabs, and students of social problems and and Persians. For this reason, the world's progress. As President when the sword of Tamerlane had ~of the "American Institute of purged the continent, even the very Social Service" the editor has peculmemory of Chrh;tianity was ex- iar facilities for gathering and tinct in Central and Eastern Asia. issuing such a book of statistics. On the other hand, Greeks, Sy- It may be, and doubtless wiII be, rians, and Armenians in Western weIl used by some and abused by Asia received a new culture, a sys- others, for too much or too little tem of thought, and a literature may easily be deduced from mere through Christianity, and the ten- figures. The scope of the book is acity of their hold upon the faith broad and its character is compredelivered to their fathers is pro- hensive, taking in the areas and verbial. populations of continents and countries, the relative financial, The scope of the book is restrict- commercial, and military strength ed in the main to a field that does of variolls nations, immigration not extend west of Persia, Mesopo- statistics for America, birth Il-nd tamia, and Arabia, to that part, death rates, illiteracy-in fact, alonly, of Church history which re- most every department is reprefers to the Nestorians and Jacob- sented not only in figures but by a ites, and to a period of time that digest of the laws on the subjectand ends with Tamerlane and the four- reviews of social progress in various countries. Would you know how

much alcohol or tobacco is con- FOR CHRIST IN FUH-KIEN. Illustrated. 12mo. sumed? Ask Dr. Strong. Would 28. 6d. Church Missionary Society, Lonyou know the priNciple societies don. 1904. . working for social betterment? Look within this book. Would yuu This is a new edition of the interlike to quote police or vital statistics? Ask the same encyclopedia. esting story of one of the China The figures and facts are gathered from reliable sources, but it takes a missions of the C. M. S. That it genius like Dr. Strong to use them as powerfully andas graphically as has been deemed worthy of a fourth he has done in "Our Oountry." .. edition is sufficient recommenda- tion. It tells a story of progress in this province which is remarkable in many ways. Last year nearly 1,000 Christians were baptized in this one mission. * CHILDRIllN OF THE FOREST. By Rev. Egerton AT the request of Dr. Otto Pautz R. Young. Illustrated. 8vo, 282 pp. $1.25 we call attention to the fact that in net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, our review of his book (November, 1904. 1902, pp. 863-4) his name was mis- spelled Pantz. The name of the This is a love story of life among publishers should have been J. C. Henrichs'sche Buchhandlung. .. the Ojibway Indians of Canada. It NEW BOOKS is a rather ordinary tale of rivalry, A SHORT HANDBOOK OF MT$SIONS. By Eugene parental opposition, and adven- Stock. Is. and ls.6d. Church Mission- ary Society. London. 1904. ture, except that it is unique in its HOI.DING THE ROPES. By Belle M. Brain. picturesque and romantic sur- 12mo. $1.00 net. Funk&Wagnalls Com· pany, New York. 1904. roundings. There is also an educa- EVANGELISM. By G. Campbell Morgan. tional value in the description of 12mo. 50 cents. The Northfield Book· store, East Northfield, Mass. Indian customs and the bits of THE PENETRATION OF ARABIA. By David G. Ojibway folk-lore. Children will Hogarth. Maps, drawings, photographs. Frederick A. Stokes Co. 1904. find it interesting, like all of Mr. MIF-TAH-uL-GORAN. By Rev. Almad Shah. Young's books, but it is not dis- A concordance of the Koran. 10 rupees. S. P. G. Mission House, Hamirpore, tinctively missionary, .. Upper India. 1904.

AFrER A HUNDRED YIllARS. Illnstrated. 8vo. ISLAM AND ORIENTAL CHURCHES. By William 124 pp. The British and Foreign Bible A. Shedd. 12mo, 253 pp. $1.25 net. Pres- Soriety, London. 1904. byterian Board of Publication. 1001.

This is a popular illustrated re- CHINA MARTYRS OF 1900. By Robert C. For- syth. Illustrated. 8vo. 78. 6d. Religport of the British and Foreign ious Tract Society, London. $2.00 net. Fleming H. Rev…n Co. 1904. Bible Society for the centenary }<'OR CHRIST IN FUHKIEN. Illustrated. 12mo, year 190~, and as such has a pecu- 183 pp. 28. 6d. Church Missionary So- ciety, London. 1904. liar interest and value for all who Dux OHRISTUS. An Outline Study of Japan. are working for the spread of the By William E. Griffis. 35 cents. Mac- Millan Co. 1904. Gospel. There are in it many In- SUNRISIll IN THill SUNRISE KINGnoM. By J. H. teresting incidents showing the Deforest. Illustrated. 60 cents. Young ~~~~~e'i~isslonary Movement, New power of the Word of God to trans- MISSIONARY PIONIllERING rN BOLIVIA. Illusfurm men. .. trated. 2•. 6d., net. H. A. Raymond. 16 Paternoster Square, E.C., London. 1904. EVANGELISM. By Rev. G. Campbell Morgan, D D. 12mo. 100 pp. 50 cents. The SoUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS. By Thomas C. Bookstore, East Northfield, MRSS. 1904. Dawson. 2 parts. 12mo. $1.35 net. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1904. Dr.- Morgan is a prince among CAPTAIN ALLEN GARDINER. 75 cents. Gospreachers. teachers, and evange- pel Union Publishing Co., Kansas City, Mo. 1904. lists. His lectures to theological KING LIllOPOLD'S RUI.E TN AFRICA. By Edstqdents given in these pages' are mund D. Morel. Illustrations and maps. William Heineman, London. 1904. exceedingly suggestive and stimu- NORTHERN TRIBES IN CENTRAL AUSTRALIA. lating not only to those who are By Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen. 8vo. MacMillan Co., New York. 1904. preaching the Gospel at home, but THill PRESENT SoUTH. By Charles Murphy. also to missionaries abroad. They 8vo, 3..'14 pp. $1.50 net. MacMillan Co. 1904. deal with the preachar, his mes- SOCIAL PROGRESS. By Josiah Strong, LL.D. sage, his methods, and the present 8vo. $1.50. Baker & Taylor Co. 1904.

needs. * CHILDREN OF THE FOREST. By E&,erton R.

Young. Illustrated. 12mo. $1.25 net.

Flemillir H. Reven Co. 1904.

GENERAL MISSIONARY

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE AMERICA at the source; and when I ask for the motive, I can find none what- The Battle The thirtieth an- ever in the line of profit or advan- Against Vice nual report of the and Crime New York Society tage to the monster!:! who engage in that propaganda. I set it down to for Suppression of the direct instigation of the devil . Vice is a very interestiilg and alarming document.. The facts it and if I had any doubt of the exist: reveals are unknown to most peo- ence of evil spirits, thirsting for the ple, but ought to be known for the destruction of souls and bodies in preservation of society. hell, that doubt would disappear The details are too bad to be fully before the statistics of the infernal spread before the public, and the work of the systematic crime-breedsecretary has to be content with ers of the day. hinting at their vileness. The books and pictures scattered broadcast You have had a long and hard are unmentionable for filthiness; battle in your time, and have earned but there are some manufactured the thanks of all lovers of rightgoods, meant to promote sexual vices, which are even more vile and eousness, and the favors of the desgusting. Anthony Comstock pure and holy God in that conflict. can only say: "Imagine the worst, May your life be prolonged to wage and you will not overreach the mark of devilish intent and purpose." war for truth, virtue, and 81eanli- This society seized catalogs of 46 ness against the powers of darkacademies and insti tutions for boys, ness, moral or spiritual, wherever and others of girls' schools. by which these venders of hell's goods and whatever they be. A. T. P. can get the addresses of youth. Circulars are seized, obscene pic- Work for the Rev. Louis Meyer tures and negatives for producing Redemption writes that last them-in one case over 1,500 of each! Another man had in his posses- of Israel May the M. E. sion over 90,000 of immoral books, Church (South) leafiets, pictures, and circulars. Some of the work of these manu- Board of Missions made an approfactures are for the nse of women priation for the support of work and girls, and are indescribable. among the Jews, and appointed as The total arrests for the year are missionary Rev. Julius Magath, 58, and the gross weight of seized himself a Hebrew Christian. In matter over 4 tons! It is a fight 1894 the Reformed Presbyterian with the" wild beasts of Ephesus." Church opened a station for work Mr. Comstock dares a martyr's in behalf of the Jews in Philadeath to unearth all this diabolical delphia, and at its last meeting the plotting against human purity. Synod appointed aBoard of Jewish Missions. Rev. M. Greenberg is the Dr. Morgan Dix writes to him: missionary in charge. The New York City Mission and Tract So- To. me there is nothing more in- ciety, through Rev. B. Angel, holds explIcable on any grounds which three Gospel meetings each week wDuld justify it even to bad people, for Jews in the DeWitt Memorial than the steady, cold-blooded dia- Church, with an .attendance steadbolical effort to corrupt the y'oung ily increasing. The sewing-school and poison the spring of human life held in the same church by Miss Schabka attracts crowds of Jewish girls, to whom the story of the Cross is told.

United This body of Chris- Presbyterian tians sustains mis- Work in Figures sions in Egypt and North India, andas the following statement shows,

taken from the last report recently if, after all these years of training, published, has attained to good success: men and women of character and Ordained missionaries ……………….. 41 attainment suited to the news of Physicians-men 3, women 5………….. 8 Women missionaries, unmarried……… 46 the work were not to be found in Wives of missionaries .. , … ….. .. ……. 43 considerable numbers.-Congrega- Total foreign missionaries …. , ……… 138 tional Work. Total foreign workers………… 154 Second-hand This statement and Native ordained ministers…….. 48 SpeCtacles appeal, taken from Licentiates…………………… 31 Wanted the Missionary Other native workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 .Fferald, relate to a Total native workers ……….. . 796 phase 0;" benevolence of which the Totalworkers, nativeandforeign 950 Mission districts………………• 24 average giver has rrobably never Total membersbip…………… . 16,434 Received on profession in 1903… . 1,954 thought: Total qhrist.ian community…… . 39,231 Sabbath-school scholars………. . 15,069 The request for spectacles, made Boarding and high schools……. . 25 in our February number, has met Pupils in same…… " ………… . 4,175 with a most generous response. Day and village schools………. . 254 Parcels containing them have come Pupils in same…… ·· ……….. . 15,791 from many directions, even from Total schools………………… . 295 as far west as Wisconsin. Some Total pupils in same…………. . 20,964 answered the request very quickly, Native contributions for church and were shipped elLrly in the $26,382 spring; others have been received work ………………………. . more recently, and ILre now stlLrt- Native contributions for all pur- $96,238 ing across the ocean toward their destination. Last year over 500 poses ……………………… . pairs were sent out; this year 1.050 pairs are on their way, mostly to 5 What One The American Mis- different stations in India, but some Home Mission sionary Association to Eastern Turkey as well. When Society is Doing has issued a list of a missionary from India told us the other day that the cost of a all its workers, mis- pair of srectacles in her station sionaries. pastors, and teachers, in was equa to two months' wages, its various fields for the present we could easily understand how year. The list comprises 762 names, greatly the gift of a pair would be appointed from some 40 states and appreciated. We are sure that the territories, from Canada, Alaska, missionaries to whose care they are Porto Rico, and the District of sent will rejoice to have such a Columbia. Of the entire list the supply from which to select aids State of Georgia is credited with for our native workers, that 91, Massachusetts follows with 64, through these gifts many weak while Tennessee stands third with and failing eyes will be enabled to 57 names to its credit. In these read the Word of Life with greater lists, issued from year to year, the ease, and that givers and recipients noticeable thing is the steady in- will alike be blessed. crease of appointments from the Southern States, and a most en- Concerning the Mrs. l1. V. White couraging state of affairs, since the greatmajority of persons appointed Sitka School writes as follows from the South are those who have had their training in the schools of in Alaska in the Herald and the association. It would be a strange and most discouraging fact Presbyter: At the Sitka Training School are 133 of the cleanest, happiest boys and girls to be found in all this •• Great Land" of ours. Eskimos from the north, Aleuts from the west, Haidas from the south, Tin- neh from the interior, Tsimsheans and Thlingits from the coasts {tre living together in most friendly fasbion in our mission schools. And yet the grandparents, and

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

even the fathers and mothers, of hard work has been overtaxed by these children were bitter enemies. an unusually large number of pa- An insult was never forgotten. The tients, for whom she has to be cook mother taught her children to hate and housekeeper. besides giving and revenge, and when the chil- the necessary nursing and medical dren grew up they, in their turn, care. The little church is proving taught their children the same too small for the congregations.- wicked lessons. That is the reason The Churchman. why it seems almosta miracle that representatives of all these one· The Heroism Las t m 0 nth time enemies should live so lovingly together. of a brought new anxi- This school emphasizes industrial Missionary Nurse eties to Bishop work for both boys and girls. It is the aim to give the boys a practical Rowe. Word knowledge in carpentry, shoemaking, boat-building, and other indus- reached him that a serious epitries. The entire plant is kept in repair and new buildings erected demic of diphtheria was raging by the boys themselves, under the supervision of the teacher in among the native people at Fort charge. All the shoes for the pupils of the schools are made by pu- Yukon, on the upper river. There pil apprentices, under the direction of a native teacher, who learned were 150 cases of the disease, and his trade at the school. many deaths had occurred. Miss The girls receive training in kitchen, dining-room, dormitory, Lizzie J. 'Voods, our missionary sewing department, and laundry. They are divided into sections or nurse at Circle City, on learning of divisions, each serving in turn in the various departments. The work the situation, and, knowing that of kneading two or three sacks of flour for baking is too heavy for the there was no one caring for the girls, hence two boys do this in the evening; but the girls rise early, sick and dying, and no supply of mould it into loaves, and by ten o'clock they have turned out 90 or medicines at Fort Yukon, acted 100 loaves of bread. with the promptness and heroism New Missions At the Church Mis- characteristic of the Alaska staff. Near Valdez sion in Valdez, There was no way of communica·, Alaska, both the ting quickly with Bishop Rowe, so evangelistic and hospital work are she took from our hospital at Circle progressing satisfactorily. The City such supplies of m,edicine as Rev. F. C. Taylor, the missionary could be spared, hired a canoe, and in charge, has begun services at a made the journey of 100 miles down neighboring army post, Fort Lis- the river to Fort Yukon. There, cum, where several of the officers for several days, she battled, pracand their families are Church peo- tically single-handed, against the ple. He is also planning the open- epidemic, isolating some of the ing of a mission at the new town of people, sending the unaffected Seward, on Resurrection Bay, about away, caring for the sick, preparthirty miles east of Valdez. It is ing the dead for burial, and servprobable that this town will be the ing, as Mrs. Wooden wrote, as "a southern terminus of the new rail- very angel in the midst of the peoway which it is proposed to build ple."-Spirit of Missions. through Central Alaska to the Y u- Transformed from Before I went to kon River. In the hospital, which Antimissionary to Labrador I was has been much improved, even Promissional')' not altogether what might be Deaconess Deane's capacity for termed a promissionary, and for this reason I thought that, tho the intention and aim of the mis- sionary were beyond praise, the execution (I mean the administra- tive execution)sometimes left much

to be desired. Labrador taught me membership on the part of Spanishthat in one part of the world, at speaking young men has become so any rate, the work of the Christian great thata branch has been organis being carried on in a manner ized for them, with Hon. Ramon which could hardly be improved Corral, Vice-President of the Reupon. Turn now to another scene. public, as chairman of the advisory Imagine the long northern twilight board. Many of the prominent settling down over the Labrador and professional men of the city are ice and snow and wind and" bar- associated with him, among whom rens "-a land dedicated from im- are the Governor of the Federal memorial time to the survival of District, General Powell Clayton, the fittest, where the wolf kills the the American Ambassador, memweakest of the caribou herd and bers of the National Senate, presifamine is never very far distant dent of the American Bank and from the weaker man. Here and traffic manager of the national railthere, at the heads of frozen bays, road of Mexico. A building to cost some settlers' huts-miles and miles $10,000 will be erected and equipped apart. Nevel' a made road in the at once for the Spanish associawhole country. What is a man, tion, which is the first ever estabwoni·an, 01' child, wounded in mind lished on this continent. The cenor body, to do in such a country as tral branch is in such a flourishing that? I remember asking a settler state that its receipts for one month what he would do if he fell ill. "I were $955.-The Advance. should go to the missionaries 01' they would come to me," he an- An Appeal Haiti – the Black swered. And in that answer is from Haiti, Republic, as it is summed up, I think, one side of the West Indies called-has on the work of the Labrador missions. They form cities of refuge, built whole island some upon the rim of that gaunt and 2,000,000 inhabitants, all of whom desolate level, their very presence are Africans. Altho a brave people robbing the long winter of half its (as proved by the manner in which terrors-resthouses upon the road their forefathers fought and won of life, as well as to the other road their freedom from slavery more -to Jesus Christ, to which these than 100 years ago, under that heroes point the way. noble negro chieftain Toussaint Louverture), yet to-day they are in H. HESKETH PRICHARD. the most pitiable condition, mate- rially, politically, and morally. The Y. M. C. A. Encouraging re- in Mexico ports have been Since 1800 the recognized island received from the religion is the lowest type of Ro- m anism, tho the people generally, if American branch of the Y. M. C. not entirely, are blind devotees of A., which was estahlished in the voodooism, who in addition to im- City of Mexico less than two years moral orgies, frensical dances, and ago. It now has 549 members, and other disgusting and revolting is the general headquarters of the practises connected with the devil American colony in the Mexican worship, at times sacrifice human capital. The association is pictur- life, even the blood of jnnocent esquely housed, occupying one of babes, to slake the thirst of their the old Spanish mansions, which is demon god, whom they have been built, in Spanish fashion, around taught for centuries, both in Africa an open court with a fountain in and Haiti, by the Papa Lois (witchthe center, surrounded by a garden doctor) to fear and dread. and fruit· trees. The demand for

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

At the da.wn of this century it is A Record Month Says the British almost incredible that there should at the Foreign Bible So- be at this moment an island five Bible House ciety Reporter: times the size of Jamaica, and with The issues from over three times its population, in our warehouse in Queen Victoria such a benighted and deplorable Street continue to make record fig- state, and without organized effort ures. During the month of June 48 by more than one or two of our tons of Scriptures were dispa.tched, great missionary societies to evan- in 440 cases and 70 shipments. This gelize its heathen. represented 116,370 books, in 114 The National Negro Baptist Con- different languages. The following vention of America have under- is a list of the places to which the taken to enter this region in 1904, hooks were sent: providing the funds are forth- Adelaide Las Palmas coming. Alexandria Leghorn Algoa Bay Lokoja The Protestant Episcopal Church Amsterdam Lome (Togoland) Athens is doing a good work in Haiti, but Madras Bagdad Manila Berlin Mauritius the country is still in need of the Bombay Melbourne Gospel. * Brisbane Mexico Buguto Napier (N. Z.) EUROPE Buluwayo Naple" Calcutta New York The Work of The Mi88ion Field, g~ro!ob,;;n Niue Onieha (W. Afrithe S. P. G. the organ of the Constantinople ca) Society for the Demerara Ontario Dry Harbor (Ja- Ottawa Propagation of the Gospel, pub- maica) Palamcottah lishes these statements: Ekaterin burg (Madras) During 190~ the society's Board Ekwendeni (13. C. Palmerston (N.Z.) of Examiners considered 34 offers Africa) Paris of services; 28 were recommended for work-9from Cambridge, 7 from Eritrea Port Said Oxford, 2 from Dublin. But in addition to these, 56 were placed upon Free Town Rosario our lists by bishops abroad, many Guatamala Shanghai educated in the society's colleges abroad, none of them sent from Hamilton (l3er- South Nigeria England. The number of ordained muda) Suva (Fiji) missionaries, induding } bishops, upon the society's lists is 768, an Helsingfors Sweden increase of 39 over 1902. In Asia, Ispahan Sydney 266; in Africa, 200; in Australia Kingston (Jamai- Tamatave and the Pacific, 47; in North Amer- ca) Toronto ica, 143; in the 'Vest Indies and Kobe Valparaiso Central and South America, 70, and 36' chaplains in Europe. Of these, Lahore Yokohama 131 are natives laboring in Asia, and 55 in Africa. There are also in The Guinness T his institution the various missions about 3,000 Missionary dates from Janulay teachers, 3,200 students in the society's colleges, and 40,000 chil- Training-school ary, 1873, when Dr. dren in mission schools in Asia and Guinness founded Africa. The society's income shows a steady but not a great rise. The the East London Institute for general fund-that is, the main por- Home and Foreign Missions,- at 29 tion of our income from ordinary Stepney Green. This building, Sources and not earmarked in any though outgr'own, is still connectway for special objects-has in- ed with the work, and there one creased by £10,691. Including spe- may see the little dining-room cial funds and legacies and divi- where Dr. Guinness "and Dr. Bardends, the income of 1903 rose last nardo, then in the early days of year to £158,642 as against £152,529 his work for the little ones, used to in 1902. preside at meal-times." One hun- dred students applied for training in the first year. More room being demanded, Harley House was sp- cured in 1874. Many additions were made, as the growing work re- quired, and in 1884 Mrs. Guinness

opened Doric Lodge, where women Wesleyan Methodist Church has missionaries are trained. Since the 20,000 preachers in the home land· beginning in 1873 more than 1,200 it has only 34 missionaries in China. students have been trained for mis- There are more Methodist minission work. These men and women ters in Leeds than missionaries of represent nearly 40 different na- that Church in China. where there tions and about 30 denominations, are to-day 1,400 cities and 1,000,000 and they have gone forth to work towns and villages where the with 40 Protestant missionary so- people are wai/;ing for the Gospel. cieties. Nor are the English Wesleyans a whit more derelict in this great A Missionary The S. P. G. is ar- matter than their brethren in their Magazine for ranging to issue a sister churches.

the Blind monthly magazine If the French So strained are the for the benefit of Concordat is relations of the Annulled? French Republic the blind. The magazine will COllsist, for the most part, of extracts with the Papacy, it from the Mission Field for the cur- seems certain that the famous rent month, and will be issued in treaty established between the two the Braile characters. It is pro- parties a century since will soon be abrogated, and so in France State posed to begin in the first instance .and Church will become separate and independent. with a limited number of copies, which will be prepared by the help One effect of the rupture would of the volunteer Braile typists who be to leave the vast missionary inhave kindly offered their aid for terests of the Roman Catholic this purpose. Church in China and other Asiatic countries without the strong pro- The Dufferin The n in e tee n th tecting influence of the diplomatic Fund for 1903 annual report of representatives of the French re- public. France has been very zeal- the Dufferin Fund ous in upholding the Church in has been published. There are heathen countries, tho it has often now 41 women doctors of the first seemed lukewarm toward it at grade, 78 assistant surgeons, or home. Thanks to the energetic practitioners of the second grade action of the French Minister at (these have been trained in India) Peking, the Church of Rome has 256 hospital assistants, or practi- enjoyed extraordinary privileges in tioners of the third grade, besides China. It is re.ally in civil matters a large number of midwives prac- a state within the state. It has an tising in various districts. There official status recognized by imare at present 144 European, Eu- perial decree. Its officials take rasian, and Indian women training rank with Chinese nobles and magas assistant surgeons, 95 as hos- istrates. Chinese priests and pital assistants, and 281 as nurses, Church officials are responsible to etc., besides 194 daies who are be- the foreign ecclesiastics, and native ing trained under the Victoria members are organized into bands, Memorial Scholarship Fund. each having a leader who looks 'l'hrough the pra/.'titioners 1,793,000 after all their civil interests, repatients have been treated porting to his foreign superiors. /;hroughout India. All such doings would speedily come to an end if France ceases to Not Less at In a recent address stand sponsor to the Pope. Home. but Mrs. Howard Tay- More Abroad lor. of the China Inland Mis s ion, made the statement that while the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Missionary A Jewish Mission- book by a species of higher criti- Conference in ary Conference was cism. Two learned Mohammedans Eastern Europe held, at the invita- there prepared a commentary on the Bible from a Moslem stand- tion of the Rev. J. point. At Lahore they are print- H. Adeney, at Bucharest, Ru- ing parodies of Christian songs for mania, May 29 to 31. The local spiritual food. The increase of workers of the London Jews So- Bible circulation in all Moslem ciety, and of the Leipzig Central lands is astonishing. The word of Organization, as well as those of God has been translated into nearly the Norwegian Society for Missions every Moslem tongue, so that while to Israel at Galatz, were in attend- the Arabic Koran is a sealed book ance. Rev. Weinberger, of Con- to millions, the Bible speaks the stantinople; Rev. Zeckhausen, of language of the home and the mar- Cracow, and Missionary I. Sun- ket. The press of India and Egypt light, of Lemberg, were other work- testify that Islam is on the defense ers of the London Jews Society who even now. The Moslem apologist took part. The conference was has abandoned positions, within the very helpful to the workers in at- last decade, which were once tendance, and it greatly impressed thought impregnable. There is the 45,000 Jews of Bucharest. M. thirst for spiritual truth-witness the growth of the Babi-movement ASIA and the New Islam in India. Mos- lems are beginning to see that in The Bible At present there religion, as in mathematics, there Going Forth are being put is only one straight line between From Beirut through the press two points; all other lines are crooked. Jesus Christ is the only 15,000 Bibles, 14,000 way of salvation between a holy Testaments, and 69,000 portions-a God and a helpless sinner. If you total of 98,000 copies of Scriptures. believe that, come and help con- Very few of these will go into quer the Mohammedan world for stock when printed, but will at Christ. There are deserters coming once be forwarded to fill orders, as in every day from the enemy's many of our editions are entirely camp, and we are looking forward sold out. When one considers the to their unconditional surrender if fact that during it period of thirty- reinforcements do not fail us.-The two years ending December 31, 1903, Intercollegian. there have been issued from the press at Beirut, under the auspices Brahmanism too The follow in g of the American Bible Society, 105,- 808 Bibles, 144,118 Testaments, and is Giving Way facts show the fail- 598,691 portions, or a total of 848,- 617 copies of Scriptures, in Arabic ure of non-Chrisalone, one can form some idea of the vastness of the work accom- tian religions in India, and indicate plished by the Bible Society during that period. the opportunity of Christianity.

Mohammedanism Says Dr. S. M. In the district of Punjab, in India, Not Zwemer, of Bah- only 40 families of Brahman priests Invulnerable rein, Arabia: are left, where formerly there were The Spirit of 360. Numbers of Brahmans are de- God moves 1tpOn the waters, altho daJ'kness still covers the deep. Edu- fying the curse and taking up secucated Moslems in India are trying lar callings, because the office of to whitewash their prophet and his priest no longer affords them a liv- ing. Popular education and Bible study have broken down the adora- tion formerly paid to the priests, and their vocation is gone.

Legal Help for Miss Cornelia So: Women in rabji, to whose pro- India posal to provide fe- male legal assist- ance for certain Purdah women in

the management of their affairs bas lifted up their entire life. The attention was drawn in The Times whole-heartedness of the converts of September 26, 1902, has been ap- is illustrated by the fact that when .pointed Legal Adviser to the Court the 1902 missionary conference met of Wards, Government of Bengal. there for a week all the expenses Her position will enable her to were met by a single Karen, a communicate directly with Purdah Christian business ma,n. Of the 700 WOmen whose business relations Karen churches, 500 are self-supwith their male agents or man- porting. agers are confined to conversations through a curtain or screen. Pur- How and Why Garo men, as well dah women Dlay, in consequence, easily be the victims of fraud, and Rings are Worn as Garo wonlen, Miss Sorabji bas long advocated tbe employment of female medical ad- in Assam "ear large brass visers on tbe analogy of tbe system of female medical assistance organ- rings in their ears, ized by Lady Dufferin. Miss Sorabji has now an opportunity of and /,he nUll1ber' is often so large putting her proposals to a practical test, and she bopes that if the ex- that the lobe of the ear is elongated periment should prove successful the example of Bengal may be fol- to a considerable length, a part of lowed by other provinces. Miss Sorabji is well fitted for the legal the weight having to be borne by a duties of bel' office; she is a B.C.L. of Oxford and LL.B. of Bombay, cord wound about the head. The and has for years practised in India, devoting herself chiefly to giv- women weal' more than the men, ing advice to Purdah women. She has also appeared in COUl't, under as many as 76 having actually been special sanads, or permission to plead. counted in one ear. The primary object of these rings is not orna- mentation, tho that has a share in the purpose of the wearer; but there lies behind it all a supersti- tion-namely, that after death the spirit hastens away, and is sure to meet the evil spirit that the Garos so much feaI', which has swallowed the moon, Whose eclipses probably have given rise to the idea. To distract this spirit, the fleeing soul of the Garo tosses its earrings to The Gospel The hill people of the ground; and while engaged in Among the Burma, the Karens, gathering up these baubles the Karen. have been the most great spirit will be too much occu- promising field of pied to chase the Garo, and he wiI!

Christian effort. Most of the con- make his escape to the happy place verts are from tbeir number. Rev. he seeks, which is guarded by this F. S. Hatch, of Boston, who has dreaded sentinel.-Bapttst Mission- just returnad from his three years ary Magazine.

of Christian Endeavor service in Memorial His Majesty the Hospital in King of Siam has India and Burma, says that the Nakawn. Siam made a donation of Karens make aggressive, alert, 4,000 ticals (about $1,000 gold) toward the erection of generous Christians. They are the Memorial Hospital, which is to be built. The main building will people of force and character, and be erected by contributions from friends of Dr. Swart and the late go heartily into the new way. Mrs. Swart, in America, at a cost of about $2,000. There will be two Within a generation or so they, as a people, have made tremendous strides. Their progress has been simultaneous with their evangeli- zation. The leaven of the Gospel

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

parallel wings extending back from chants and to allow traffic between the main building, each containing Tibet and India along existing two or three wards with an accom- routes and those which may be modation of ten beds each. The opened in the future. To cover amount necessary for the erection the expenses of the British" diploof these wings, about $4,000, has matic mission," Tibet is to pay already been subscribed by Siamese $2,550,000 in three annual instalfriends and Americans in Siam. ments. British troops will occupy Missionary What it costs to be the Chum bi Valley until the indem- nito shall be paid. With communi- Hardships a Christian in the cation thus established and a treaty signed, it can not be long before in the Himalayan regions the Gospel can enter Tibet, and missionaries by the score be seen Himalayas appears from the flocking in from the south and east.

following extract Reactionfrom A remarkable the Boxer change seems to from a letter written at Leh by Mr. Movement have come over the Chinese people in H. B. Marx on July 4th, 1904, giv- regard to the work of the missioning his first impressions: arim'. Everywhere schools are crowded, chapels are filled to over- Every person who comes over flowing, and there is an eagerness to receive the religion of the forfrom Buddhism to Christianity is eigners such as has never been known before. In one place two mercilessly driven from home and opium shops,· hitherto very pros- perous, have been obliged to close family, loses his rights of inherit- their doors for lack of customers, the Christian young men of the ance and everything upon which town having conducted such a suc- cessful crusade against the opium his livelihood depended. The stern habit. Another fact indicates a great change. Formerly the selling commands of the lamas even forbid of portions of the Scriptures was a slow and difficult task. Nowa man relatives to have any intercourse can sell 1,000 copies a month. The people buy and the people read. with such faithless ones. Now the Pinched Feet to The Ad1'ance of the outcast turns to the missionary be Tolerated Na iura 1-foo ted no Longer Woman's "RTorkfor who won him over for faith in Woman states that Christ. What is to become of him?

The mission has not the chance of offering another Christian an occu- pation. All positions in connection with the houses, schools, gardens, the hospital, and the meteorolog- ical station have already been filled.

Is the convert to starve because he has become a Christian? This state of things almost deprives one of courage to seek io win souls. A change will not take place until the fearful might of lamaism has been broken. At present it seems to be determinedly resisting Christian- ity. But the Lord mllst possess ways and means to adequately pro- vide for His own, and for those who come out and commit them- selves to Him. – Moravian Mis- sionB. * Tibet the The treaty negoti- foul' viceroys of provinces have now '. Closed Land" ated at Lassa be-' issued proclamations against the no Longer tween the proxy for foot-binding of girls, and that the the grand lama and Governor of Hunan has forbidden the English invader, and which it in his province. At Ichang the has been sent to Peking for ratifi- magistrates issued a placard to cation. is printed in the London this effect: ""Ve have received ad- Times. The Tibetans agree to es- vices from the Hupeh authorities tablish three depots for trade be- saying that they have printed <100 tween British and Tibetan mer- copies of books preaching that

women should not bind their feet, An Opportunity Christian missionas formerly, and also telling us to for Teachers aries are forecastsend such notice to every district. We therefore call public atten- in China ing and preparing tion to all families not to bind for the great overtheir feet as before. If there are any girls under ten years old who turn of metbods and subjects of have bound their feet already, they study in Chinese education, of must loose their bonds gradually. which the signs are already nu- By thus acting, there will be no merous. The whole governmental girl with bound feet after ten system of China is founded on its years." A striking proof of the schools. The road to political prefgreat change going on is found in erment is through the studies and the fact that there are now in examinations. Already many of Shanghai a number of shops full of the great mandarins are busying shoes for natural feet, whereas ten themselves with educational reyears ago there was not one pair form, and some of the examiners to be bought in all Shanghai. are beginning to ask questions quite out of the rut of Confucian The Church The Shanghai mis- literature. The traditional system Asking sion of the Prot- is one of dead memorizing-the in- novations are all in the direction of Impossibilities estant Episcopal independent thought as well as Church is receiving Western knowledge. It is essen- tial that teachers should be trained constant requests from the Chinese for this va,st change, and desirable to extend its lines, while its staff that many of them should bE is diminished and more than ever trained in Christian schools. Such likely to overwork in the endeavor a normal school has been planned of its members to help all the for Amoy, China, where the Lonhuman need that comes crowding don Missionary Society and the upon them. From one point of American Reformed Church have view, the condition is critical. missions. Rev. J. Sadler, of the Bishop Graves speaks none too London Society, sends out a prosstrongly when he says: pectus and appeal for this school. It is to be put" upon the broadest The Church at home expects im- and most libera.l Christian basis. possibilities of us. How would the Literary men of all shades of relig- Missions House prosper if, every ious belief are to be admitted. The time a new clerk was needed, or the curriculum will extend over three place of a secretary had to be sup- years." This is a great opportunity plied, it was necessary to send to for some one.-The Congregation- Russia for him, wait months be- alist. fore he could come, and then give him two years to learn English? A Case of Chen Tsai Hsin, a This is practically our condition in Consecration teacher of Mathethe mission to-day. To work a mission without a reserve force of matics in Peking missionaries is to roll stones up a University, was the leader in the hill only to see them roll down recent remarkable religious moveagain. The slightest accident over- ment in that university, in which tUrns the best-laid plans. over 30 young men banded them- selves together in a consecration of Bishop Graves wants recruits at their lives to religious work among their own people. He was gradonce-young clergymen, women to uated from Peking University with work among Chinese families, men and women physicians, and trained nurses. Shall he have them?-The Spirit of Missions. *

1904J GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

the Class of 1901, acted as Secretary and then they make an end of you, of the North Ohina Lay Electoral and tear out your eyes and pluck Oonference, and was elected alter- out your hearts. I know all about nate lay delegate to the General them! They are the ones who go Oonference of 1904. A year ago he all over the land eating all the said: "The way I look at life is babies they can get hold of! I know this: It matters not whether I have all about them!" Such a time is enough to eat or enough to wear; the moment to remember Him who if I can be in the place where, ac- said: "If the world hate you, it cording to my ability, God can use hated me before it hated you." * me to the best advantage, that is where I want to be; and I believe Status of According to the that that is in Pekin University, the Gospel Missionary Direchelping to build up Ohristian char- in Japan tory of Japan for acter among our young men." Such development of native initiative 1904. (published in and leadership is significant and Tokyo), theOhristians in Japan prophetic. number 140,806. The statistics of the Protestant Ohristians are given Progress in The Presbyterian as follows: Japanese ordained min- Central China missionaries in Oan- isters, 406; unordained helpers (men), 474; Bible-women, 361. ton report 1,008 con- Total number of Ohristians, 55,354; verts the last year, and 3,000 added Oommunicants (or full members), to the various churches; also that 43,272. Baptisms during 1903: the Ohinese are more approachable Adults, 3,644; children, 877. than ever before. In the divinity Ohurches wholly self-supporting course of the Theologicial Seminary including payment of pastor's are 25 students, and upward of 70 salary), 94. Amount raised by in the preparatory courses. Never Japanese churches for all purposes were the applicants for bapt,ism so during 1903-yen, 134,941 (£13,494), numerous, nor were they ever put more than 3 yen per head. The under such close scrutiny as to fit- Roman Oatholics number 58,086, ness, now that Ohristianity bids and the Russian Orthodox Ohrisfair to become the most popular tians (Greek Ohurch), 27,300. religion with the well-to-do classes. The building of the railway toward A Christian One of the most Hankow is named among the forces Hero and heroic figures of the which have broken down prejudice. Translator present day is a Eating Babies Do we realize what man whose very in China it is for a mission- name is known to few and whose ary to speak of the life is familiar to even fewer. He lives in a small hired house in the Gospel to a totally new and unac- city of Tokio, Japan. His name is customed audience in such a super- Samuel 1. J. Schereschewsky. stitious land as the Ohinese Em- For six years he was missionary pire? Here is an example. In the bishop at Shanghai. Nineteen province of Kiang-si, Miss F. was years ago illness, brought on largespeaking to a group of Ohinese ly through his work, rendered him women, and for a wonder they were almost helpless. Refusing to be a quiet. Up comes a masculine look- burden to the mission, he resigned ing woman and begins to shout: his office. But he would not con- "Ohl oh! those are the women that sider that his working days were eat babies! I know all about them. over. His paralyzed body pre- They invite you to oome to see them vented him any longer going about

the work of evangelization, but he of an impress upon the populace of Japan is indicated by a cartoon could sit in a chair and work for which recently appeared in the Jiji Shimpo, a popular vernacular Ohina by translating the entire newspaper, in which Japan as a lit- tle David is represented as smiting Bible into easy Wenli, so that more on his forehead Russia, a huge Gol- iath, with a stone from out llis of the common people might read sling. The appearance of this car- toon in an illustrated native paper its message. This he has been presupposes a wide-spread knowl- edge of the biblical story among doing for many years, working the Japanese.

with such restless energy. tho struggling against pain and help- lessness, that he has kept two sec- retaries busy. He wrote his trans- lation of the entire Bible in Roman characters upon the typewriter, tho he could use only ope finger of AFRICA one hand, and needed eight years Egypt's An interesting Blue to complete the task. * Great Future Book, issued by the Foreign Office re- A Christian For some twenty Japanese and years past, the pri- cently, contains the report of Sir Her Work vate secretary of William Garstin, Under Secretary the Empress of for Public Works in Egypt, upon Japan has been a Ohristian woman the basins of the Upper Nile, and a who is an active member of the despatch from Lord Cromer, the Oongregational Ohurch. Another British Minister and Oonsul General member of the Congregational in Egypt, which says the in'iga- Ohurch, active in religious work, tion and railroad schemes sug- is the wife of Marquis Oyama, gested by Sir William Garstin rep- commander-in-chief of the great resent an estimated expenditure of army that has been pushing the about $107,000,000, of which about Russian army back to the north. $65,000,000 will be used in the devel- She is a graduate of Vassar Oollege opment of the Sudan, and about (1883). and was socially and intel- $40,000,000 in the development of lectually one of the leaders of her Egypt. The whole irrigation plan class. It is not well to claim for is based on utilizing the White Ohristianity too great an influence Nile for the benefit of Egypt and in the makIng of the new Japan. the Blue Nile for the benefit of the Yet when one learns that these Sudan. Lord Oromer says that the brilliant and influential women carrying out of the greater portion have made their Ohristianity prom- of the program may be postponed inent during their long and im- for the present, but about $27,000,- portant career, one has assurance 000 should be utilized at an early date in canals for Egypt, in raising that Ohristianity has weighed somewhat in bringing about the the Assuan dam, in the completion new order of things. * of the Suakim-Berber Railroad, The Bible Fifty years ago the and in other developments of the in Japan Bible was an un- country which will largely increase known book in Japan. There are doubtless mil- the revenue from taxes. lions of Japanese who know comparatively little about it to-day, as An English The backwardness there are millions in all parts of Church for of the Anglican what we call Christendom. Yet that the Bible has made something Khartum Ohurch in raising money is well illus- trated in Khartum, where efforts are being made to build an English

GENERAl. MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

church. Only £2,000 has been col- about 4 missionaries whose sole lected as the result of a four years' duty wiII be to visit, strengthen, appeal, and that mainly from resi- and encourage these evangelists, dents. The Ang-lican community and to examine and baptize all outnumbers aU other Christian who shall be converted at these communities at that place-Copts, stations. He and his coworkers Greeks, and Romans. The Romans thoroughly believe that the Chris- have collected all the money they tianization of the great masses of want, and Greeks and Copts enough this people wiII depend largely upon to begin their churches, but British the native evangelists filled with residents are still reduced to wor- the spirit of God, who know so ship in a room in, the palace lent well how to handle their own lan- for the purpose. A lesson may guage and are acquainted with all well be learned from the Coptic the characteristics of the people.- Patriarch, the 124th successor of T~e l11issionry.

St. Mark, who, altho nearly ninety First Missionary The first General years of age, journeyed 1,500 miles Conference in Conference of Misin the hottest season of the year to South Africa sionaries in South lay the foundation-stone of the new Coptic Church at Khartum, A f ric a met in and has collected £1,000 for the Johannesburg from July 13th to work.-Mission Field. 20th. About 100 tnissionaries- American, British, Dutch. French, Growth of the A remarkable show- German, Norwegian, Swedish, and Gospel in ing this: The Yo- Swiss-connected with 25 different missionary organizations, attended West Africa rubapeoplereceived the conference. The number was Church Missionary not very large in proportion to the missionaries at work, tho not many Society missionaries at Abeokuta organizations under the charge of in 1846. They were then pagan, white missionaries were unrepreused human sacrifices in worship, sented. By the courtesy of the and sometimes practised cannibal- South Africa General Mission, the ism. Iu 1904 the whole charge of conference sat in their hall. Conthe Anglican church work at Abeo- siderable attention was paid to kuta, both educational and evan- " EthiopianisUl," which was deemgelistic, is in the hands of both na- ed a movement most mischievous. tive pastors and teachers raised up This statement is a summary of from the old pagan stock within the conclusion: fifty years, and the paramount chief of Abeokuta calls at the C.

M. S. missionary house in London, This conference desires, in the to express warmly his sense of the spirit of Christian charity, to call benefits his people h~e received the attention of these negro from the society. churches of America to the fact that by entering fields long occu- Native Rev. W. H. Shep- Evangelists pard says the plan pied by other missionary societies, in Africa of the Kongo Mis- by receiving into their member- ship native bodies separated by sion is to use the schism from these societies, by acmission stations, Ibanj and Luebo, cepting for ordination and ordainas centers, to train and prepare ing men totally unfit, morally and more evangelists, and then station intellectually, and by lack of attenthem at all the villages, north, tion to strict Christian discipline, south, east, and west, within a the conference believes that these radius of 200 or 300 miles, and have churches are causing injury to the cause of Christ. Moreover, the operations in South Africa of the African Methodist Episcopal

Church of America and kindred ests of other denominations. We bodies are feeding the prejudice believe this to be uttered in good faith, and hope that the represenexisting among many Europeans in tatives of the Church will do all in South Africa against missionary their power to connteract the evil endeavor, and are placing obstacles tendencies of Ethiopianism. * in the way of the advance of native ISLANDS OF THE SEA churches to that ultimate self- Glad Tidings The American control and self-propagation which is the recognized goal of mission work.

Mengo The great cathedral from the Presbyterian Mis- Cathedral on Namirembe Philippines sion in Manila Consecrated Hill, Mengo, was sends home cheer- con sec rat e d by ing reports of very full attendance Bishop Tucker on June 21st. 'Vhen at its church services. "What the doors were opened an immense would you think," writes Dr. Ros.

crowd of peoplewhohad been wait- siter, in the Assembly He1'uld, "of ing some time rushed in, and it was a Sunday evening audience two.

with difficulty the dom-keeper pre- thirds of which were men?" The vented an accident. About 3,000 Filipinos make much of Good Fripeople were admitted; the rest day night, and this year it was en- (some 5,0(0) had to remain outside. thusiastically celebrated in the 30 The king and his majesty's com- Catholic churches of Manila by missioner were present. The offer- long processions bearing images, tory was quite unique, and a Euro- symbols, and lighted candles, a pean visitor who gives in the Times band playing solemn music. Aland interesting account of the ser- most everyone in the streets joined vice says: "The latest figures I the processions. But at the same same time a mission church was could obtain were as follows: In crowded with some 800 persons, drawn together to hear a simple currency: 1,613 rupees, including presentation of the Gospel truth. .. Far into the night the service of about 90,000 shells, worth 1,000 to prayer, with congregational sing- ing and preaching, was prolonged, the rupee; in kind: 36 bullocks and and anyone who had previous doubts of the willingness of the cows, 25 goats, 31 fowls, and 154 Filipino to receive the Gospel would have had them all dispelled by that eggs," more than sufficient to wipe service. And this is the phenom- enon that is visible all over these off the deficit on the cathedral, for islands, explain it as you may."

which purpose the collection was taken. …

The Ethiopian The African Meth- Church and odist E pis c op a I the A. M. E. Church has been severely and, in some cases, justly criticized for its connection with the Ethiopian New Guinea The past year has movement in South Africa. This Mission been a year of many has been due to the fact that some changes. Despite of their representatives have seem- these changes and three deaths, the ed to work more among converts of progress of the work has not been other missions than in virgin soil. hindered. School children have The A. M. E. Church bishops have increased from 914 to 1,043, cate- now made a declaration to the effect chumens from 227 to 378, communi- that they will seek the best inter- cants from 113 to 212. The aver- ests of South Africa without any- age church attendance is 2,356; thing detrimental to the estab- there were 94 baptisms and 124 con- lished government or to the inter- firmations. Services are held in

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

89 places, and some 10,000 people porary deficit. When I was a boy are in touch with the mission. I grew so fast that it was all my The European staff, however, is mother could do to keep me in only 19, against 25 a year ago. clothes! But that was the fault Clergy, a layworker, a carpenter, not of weakness but of vigor. It and several South Sea Islanders was the penalty of growth and Jtre needed. The bishop lately held health. Let us not, then, be surtwo confirmations-at Boianai, 37 prised or find fault if there is a males, 22 females; at Mukawa, 26 temporary deficiency. Only let the males, 18females.-S. P. G. Mi8sion temporary deficiency not become Field. an embarrassing debt, but at once let it be met, and give the growing MISCELLANEOUS work a new suit!

A Receipt A man of a com- This explanation exactly applies Not Required mercial race, a -to the recent deficits of the C. M. S., stranger and not a Christian, recently brought a con- with the additional circumstance siderable sum of money to a missionary for safe-keeping. The mis- which goes nearer, we think, to the sionary gave him a receipt. "What is that?" inquired the man. " A root of the dist.inction, that the soreceipt stating that I have to-day received this money from you," ciety's capital fund has far exceeded said the missionary. The man immediately asked: "You have the the amounts of our largest deficits, money all right, haven't you?" •• Yes," said the missionary. •• You to say nothing of other funds and are a missionary, aren't you?" "I am," replied the missionary. properties. We shall all rejoice, "Then what do I want of this paper?" asked the man, as he tore nevertheless, to have a period of up the receipt and threw it upon the fioor. SECRETARY BARTON. growth without deficits.-C. M. S.

" A Debt. but The Intelligencer Intelligencer. Not a Deficit·, has often pointed OBITUARY out the distinction between a deficit and a debt, but Mrs. Hudson The many friends we fear from the persistency with which the terms are frequently Taylor. of of the Rev. J. Hudconfused that some of our friends regard our definitions as too subtle China son Taylor, the to be grasped. Perhaps a few words spoken last April by Dr. A. T. Pier- founder of the son before the Baptist Missionary Society may succeed better than China Inland Mission, will sor. our own have done in making the point clear. He said: row with him in his severe be- I do not myself believe in the reavement. Mrs. Taylor died at •• healthiness of a debt"; at any rate, I have preserved my own Chevalleyres, Vevey, Switzerland, health best without any. But while I deprecate debt, I can understand on Saturday, July 30th. She was that where there is a growing work for God there may often be a tem- the daughter of J. Faulding, Esq., formerly of Barnet and Hastings, and was one of the famous "Lam- mermuir" party, with whose going forth to China in May, 1866, the work of the China Inland Mission practically commenced. A few years later she became the second wife of Mr. Hudson Taylor, and since that time has shared in the stress and the sacrifices of his arduous career. One who knew her, writing in the Life of Faith says: Mrs. Taylor had no special gift for public work, but with her whole heart she served her Lord in the many important opportunities that came to her, and with patie!!t and uttermost kindness sought to cheer

and bless His servants, There was Honorable Member of the Oriental a most remarkable delicacy and re- Society of Pekin. The result of finement about her spirit and char- her travels are recorded in her in- acter, which has left an indelible teresting and well-known books, impression upon all of us who knew her well. Sweet, very sweet, for "The Englishwoman in America,"

her will be the rest of the Father's "Six Months in the Sandwich Is- House! * lands," "A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mrs. Thayer. The death of Mrs. 1I1ountains," " Unbeaten Tracks in Clifton Springs C. C. Thayer, secre- Japan," "The Golden Chersonese," taryof the Interna- "Journeys in Persia and Kurdis- tional Missionary Union, at Clifton tan," "Among the Tibetans," "The Springs, N. Y., on September 9, Y angtse and Beyond," and" Korea 1904, will leave a wide circle of mis· and Her Neighbors." Mrs. Bishop sionaries to feel bereaved. She had had been an invalid for some years, become well acquainted with over but had done much in the interest 2,000 missionaries connected with of missions. * the several societies and fields, and Dr. Althausen, This veteran work- had been accustomed to send com- a Jewish er in the Jewish munications to them on behalf of Missionary mission field fell the Union, besides being the first peacefully asleep at to welcome them in the name of ,VUna, on Monday, June 13th. He the Sanitarium for many years. was born in 1840, and was educated J. T. G. as a teacher of the Talmud. At Mrs. Isabella Mrs. Isabella Bird the age of 28 Adolph Althausen 8. Bishop, Bishop, traveler, Traveler philanthropist, and gave up this profession and went author, died in Eng- to Lemberg to study medicine. land on October 7th. Mrs. Bishop was earlier known as He became acquainted while at Miss Isabella L. Bird, and was re- Lemberg with the missionary garded as one of the most daring women travelers who ever lived. Daniel Edward, and by his means She was born in Yorkshire on October 15, 1832, and at· the age of was led to Ohrist. In 1851 he retwenty-two she began her travels. turned to Russia to practise his She spent eight years traveling in profession, and shortly afterward of the interior Asia, rode 1,000 miles was baptized. His children, and in Morocco, and made extensive journeys through Siberia, Japan, last of aU his wife, gradually came Persia, China, Tibet, and India. She was connected with philan- to believe in Ohrist, and were in thropic work in various forms, especially in the medical mission their turn baptized. field, and built five hospitals and an orphan asylum in the Far East. In 1887 he became connected She was converted to missions by seeing the need of them. with the Mildmay Mission to the Mrs. Bishop was the first woman Jews. In that year the Rev. James elected a Fello w of the Royal Geographical Society. She was also an Adler went to Russia, and the work Honorable Fellow of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, and of the distribution of Scriptures was commenced at 'VUna. Mr.

Adler and Dr. Althausen attached themselves to the. Russian Bible Society, and thus became possessed of the right to sell 01' distribute Scriptures to the Jews.

Dr. Althausen continued to superintend the depot at Wilna till April, 1896, when he retired from active work, but he still occu- pied himself with converts and in- quirers, and took an ardent inter- est in the work and in everything that concerned the Jews. A. T. P.