The Missionary Review of the World — November 1938

1938

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia Samuel M. Zwemer Reality and Romance in Czechoslovakia Joseph Novotny The Universality of Christ E. Stanley Jones Problems of the Churches in Asia Akira Ebisawa Outlook for the Church in India B. L. Rallia Ram The Saintly Surgeon of India Margaret McKellar A New Children's Page Violet Wood 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a YeaT

to Remember IPIRITUAL REVIVAL IN' FULL

N(lvember 1-3-Nationaf Stewardship The war in China has added greatly to our material burdens. It ha. greatly deepened Convention, Chicago, Ill. the spiritual life of all at the Home and also increased the number we are carinll for Your prayers and aid will now 110 further in winning souls for Christ than perha~ November 6-11-International Good- ever before. Let the appeal of hundreds who are helpless and hopeles. not be in .will Congress. San Francisco, Calif. vain. A little lloes a long way in China• November 20-Thanksgiving Sunday. HOME OJ: ONEJIPHORUJ D~ember 6-9-Biennial meeting of TAlAN, SHANTUNG, CHINA the Federal Council of Churches, . Buffalo, N. Y. This faith work is one of the largest Christian institutions in the Orient. It has been December 13-30-International Mis- consecrated for over twenty years to the rescue of the homeless.

sionary Council, Madras, India. Write today for FREE picture and story of Chinese girl shown in this ad • January 8-10, 1939 – Home Missions also receive "Helping China'. Helpless," telling how God led Rev. and Mrs: Anglin to open the Home and how He blessed the work. a thrilling story. Council, Baltimore, Md. January 23-February 18-Iowa School HOME OF ONESIPHORUS American Office for Missionaries. Iowa State College, 2811 North Racine Avenue Drawer 36 Chicago, nlinois Ames, Iowa. Personal Item. keget; Ins~itute, is convalescing after Obituary Notes a serIOUS Illness. Dr. Carver's discov- eries are known around the world. The Rev. David B. Schneder, D.D., Dr. W. Graham Scroggie, one of a missionary of the Reformed Church the Vice-Presidents of England's Na- Mrs. Prem N* at*h D*as, Vice-Presi- in the U. S. to Japan since 1887, died tional Young Life Council for some in Sendai, Japan, on October 4. Dr. years, now becomes the Free Church dent of Isabella Thoburn College in Schneder was one of the outstanding President of the Movement, to succeed Lucknow, has been chosen as sucees- missionaries and for many years was the late Carey Bonner. He will hold sor to Dr. Mary E. Shannon, Princi- president of the College of North the office jointly with Canon Rowland pal, who retires early in 1939. Mrs. Japan, retiring two years' ago. He Grant. Das is the first Indian to become head was de~orated by the Mikado with the of the first college for women in Asia. Fourth Order of the Rising Sun and *** the Third Order of Sacred Treasure. Dr. Rufus J*one*s *and Dr. Harry He was born in Bowmansville, Pa., Dr. W. A. Visser 't Hooft, of Ge- and was graduated from Franklin neva, has been elected president of the Silcock, representing Quaker Mis- and Marshall College and from Lan- World Student Christian Federation sions of the United States and Eng- caster Theological Seminary. at a meeting in Paris, attended by 120 land, have been visiting China, study- delegates from Australia, India, Java, ing the situation and gathering data, *** South Africa, Canada, United States, preparatory to sending a staff of and nearly all the European countries. workers to open headquarters in Miss Isabel K. MacDermott, ex- Shanghai for the administration of ecutive secretary of the Board of The Russian Student Movement in relief. The Quakers have proved their Trustees of Santiago College in Chile, Exile, having its headquarters in Par- efficiency in this line. died in the Post-Graduate Hospital, is, joined with the French Student New York City, August 12, following Christian Movement as hosts of the a major operation. Miss MacDermott conference. was a teacher in Santiago College Dr. Luther W*esl*ey *Smith, pastor of many years ago. *** the First Baptist Church of Syracuse, *** Rev. Saburo Imai, secretary of the N. Y., has been chosen as Executive Mrs. R. W. Porteous, of Shanghai, Board of Missions of the Japan Meth- Secretary of the American :tJaptist whose capture by communists in 1930 odist Church, is in America as a rep- Publication Society, succeeding Dr. will be remembered, died at Nanchang resentative of his church to the United Owen C. Brown, retired. May 5. Mrs. Porteous went to China Church of Canada. 44 years ago as Emma Forsberg, of Pennock, Minn. She married R. W. *** Dr. James A.*Gr*aha*m, founder and Porteous in 1908, and through their Dr. Robert Bond, president of the united efforts more than 50 outsta- Methodist Conference of Great Brit- director of the Presbyterian Mission . tions were opened in West Central ain, traveled 20,000 miles last year Hospital in Tagbilaran, Philippine Is- Kiangsi. When news was flashed without missing a single engagement. lands, has been declared an adopted around the world in March, 1930, of He attributes this in large measure to son of the Province of Bohol. The the capture of Mr. and Mrs. Porteous the prayers of the membership for declaration, printed on parchment, by communists, multitudes gathered their president. was presented to Dr. Graham in the' to pray for their deliverance. Mter presence of government authorities, being held for three months, they were *** members of Bohol Medical Society and released, having suffered untold hard- Dr. George Washington Carver, other prominent Boholanos. ships and indignities. distinguished Negro scientist of Tus- After a period of recuperation in America, they returned to China in The .Rev. J.*Le*on*Hooper, D.D., 1932 to reopen the Burrows Memorial of the Board of Foreign Missions, Bib~ School in Nanchang. Presbyterian Church, has been asked to extend his service as Acting Secre- *** tary for the portfolio which includes Japan, Korea, Siam and the Philip- Rev. Charles Phillips, of Johannes- pine Islands, for another period of burg, South Mrica, died June 6 at the three months. age of 85. He was a missionary of the London Missionary Society, and *** .later pastor of Ebenezer Congrega- tional Church in Johannesburg. Mrs. F. E. Shotwell has taken up the responsibilities of Western Super- visor of Migrant Work for the Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions. She comes to the Council with a training and experience that fits her peculiarly A practical, effective course in methods for these responsibilities, so ably car- of Chrisuan work and soul·winning. ried on by Miss Adela J. Ballard dur- ing the last ten years of her lifetime. Send 15c in stamp. for curreat iiau.. ' Mrs. Shotwell was a member of the Council staff in 1931-1932 in the Colo- PUBUCATIOMSJHG (Concluded on page 518.) Harrisburg, Pa.

MISSIONARY A missionary to West China voices The great white Empresses

REVIEW OF THE WORLD the view of many missionaries who every speed record to and from are at isolated stations and so are the Orient. 10 days direct to DBUVAN L. PmRBON, B4tto,. deprived of the rich privileges we en- Yokohama by Empress of Asia joy at home. A small living income, or Empress of Russia. Or only VOL. LXI Nov., 1938 No. 11 with heavy expenses, also makes it three days more via Hawaii by difficult for them to buy books and Empress of Japan, largest and Publication and Business 01llce– magazines and they have no public fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Third and Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. libraries. The following letter sug- of Canada. Connect at Honolulu gests a field for loving service: from California ports. Editorial and Executive 01llce– From Vancouver and Victoria 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. "We have been so delighted with to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Entered as second-class matter at THE REVIEW . . . Please enter our Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. subscription so that we will not miss Details from YOUR TRAVEL Post 01llce, Harrisburg, P •., under any issue. It is a source of spiritual AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: Act of March 3, 1879. power and an inspiration to us. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. "R. H. THOMAS, Yunnan, China. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. * * .. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1938. British agents – Marshall, Morgan A leader in the church in America and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings. volunteers the following: London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year. "There is no magazine which comes to my desk which'I read with more MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- intense interest than the REVIEW. You LISHING CO., INC. are doing a wonderful piece of work BOARD OF DIRECTORS in editing this magazine, and keep- ing the Christian world in touch with ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre,ident the whole realm of missionary ac- A. L. WA.RNBHUIB, Vioe-Pre,ident tivity. I thought the September num- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ber especially good." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary PAUL J. BRAISTED JOHN TIMOTHY STONE, President of the Presbyterian SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Theological Seminary, Chi- D. J. FANT cago.

MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD *** WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH We can never preach the Gospel SAMUEL M. ZWRMRR with power until we get over the caste spirit. If all Christian workers are Editorial Chat not cured of our spiritual aristocracy, God never will give us the power of The four hundred or more delegates the Holy Spirit in winning souls. to the International Missionary Coun- Peter could not go down to that housecil will soon meet in Madras, India, hold in Caesarea and preach the Gosfor two weeks' conference (December pel with power until he had learned 13 td 30). They, face a difficult situa- that any man, woman, or child in the tion at home and in many mission wide world to whom God sends His fields. The influence and pronounce- Gospel is on equality of right and ments of this conference of leaders privilege with the proudest nobles of should be far-reaching. THE REVIEW the earth. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. has asked a number of delegates to write impressions of the conference Personal Items and to secure papers from those who make the most important contributions (Concluded from second cover.) -especially native Christian leaders from each field. Among those who are rado migrant camps and during the to give our readers their views of the succeeding years as a teacher devoted situation and their reactions to the her summers to working in migrant conference discussions are: Dr. John projects in California, Oregon, and R. Mott (Chairman), Dr. Paul W. Washington. Harrison of Arabia, Dr. Frank W. Price of China, Mr. Kenneth Grubb of Dr. Mary E. *Sha*nn*on, Principal of the World Dominion Movement, Dr. H. Kerr Taylor of Nashville and Dr. Isabella Thoburn College at Lucknow, H. Kraemer of Holland. These are re- India, has been awarded the Kaiser-iquested to give us not only their own Hind medal, for conspicuous public views, but the views of Nationals service. Miss Shannon has presented from various lands. Later we will her resignation from the college, to announce the plans made to present take effect early in 1939. the most vital themes discussed at Madras before the churches in Amer- Americans are too prone to identify ica. Do not miss these reports. the Kingdom of God with democratic liberalism: There may be a place in *** the Kingdom of God for the Authori- tarian State; but there can be no N ow is the time to plan for Christ- place for the Totalitarian State.- mas. Nothing you can send to a mis- Rev. Howard Chandler Robbins, New sionary friend (at home or abroad) York. or to a pastor or other intelligent Christian friend will be of greater The Church has denied the univerinterest and value, to keep them in- sality of Christianity by its divisions formed on world conditions and the over doctrine, race and nationality. progress of Christianity, than a year's It has itself erected the barriers that subscription to THE REVIEW. (Note separate Christianity from Christ.- our special offer on the back cover of T. Z. Koo, Shanghai, China. this issue.) [ 513]

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AMERICAN-ARABIAN MISSION-MASON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, BAHRAIN NEGLECTED ARABIA-A STffEET SCENE IN HOFUF-HASA (see article by Dr. S. M. Zwemer-page 519) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1938 Topics of the Times THE PRESENT CRISIS IN ASIA program for a representative government under About fifty years ago, a book was published an Indian parliament. Mr. Gandhi, Jawaharlal which greatly influenced the missionary thinking Nehru and other leaders cannot agree on a plan and activity of the Christian Church. It was fo~ effecti,:e cooperation. Suspicion and jealousy stir up strIfe among Moslems, Hindus Sikhs and called "The Crisis of Missions," * and was the re- Christians in the desire for a controlli'ng voice in the government. Proportionate representation in sult of a careful study of world conditions and the parliament is a great bone of contention. opportunity before the Christian Church. At that time doors long closed were opening to the mes- A year ago the political problem in China sengers of Christ in all lands. God was calling but seemed on the way to a satisfactory solution, with the Church was giving only a feeble response- Sun Yat Sen's "Principles" to guide the national not more than ten thousand missionaries to the program, and with strong unselfish Christian leadten hundred million unevangelized. One out of ership in the government. Then came the Japaevery 15,000 Protestants was a missionary and nese absorption of Manchuria and the cruel and the annual gifts for work abroad amounted to only unwarranted invasion of China by the Japanese about $10,000,000. In the next ten or fifteen war machine. Meanwhile Western nations look years the number of missionaries doubled and the supinely on, with disapproval but still supply gifts multiplied four fold. A spiritual awakening Japan with war materials for the murderous camalso came to Christians at home; prayer and mis- paign. In the midst of this agonizing strife China sionary training increased; the progress of the is more united than ever before. Gospel in many lands was rapid and transforming. Then came the World War which resulted But Japan too is passing through a political in a great slump in the spiritual life of the crisis. With the military dictatorship in control churches. Non-Christian nations became more and the fear of communism ever present; with the suspicious of outside influences and were more common people kept in ignorance of the real eager for self-determination in politics, education situation; with the theory of a "divine Emperor" and religion. But the seeds of Truth had been hanging in the balance, and with growing antagplanted; Christ had been preached and His life onism and distrust between Japan and most of the had been exemplified so that the work has con- countries of Europe and America-no one can tell what a day may bring forth. Korea has already tinued to grow. felt the evil effects of this political despotism and Today there is a new crisis in Asia. Anyone there everything is being Japanized by force.

even slightly informed can see the dangers and The social and economic crisis in Asia is also the opportunities, especially in Moslem lands, in appar~nt. India is continually fighting poverty, India, in China and in Japan. The turning of the but wIth some success under British guidance. The tide in one direction means retrogression or dis- caste system, which has been her bane, shows aster; turned Godward it means progress and signs of breaking down under the leadership of new life. The crisis in these lands is threefold- Dr. Ambedkar and through the preaching of the political, social and economic, educational and re- Gospel of Christ. Fifty years ago what is taking place today-with the opening of schools and publigious. lic wells and government positions to outcastes- The political crisis in India is due to the mlw * "The Crisis of Missions," by Arthur T, Pierson, published In would have been thought impossible.

1886, went through many editions, [ 515]

In China, the fear of communism has passed- who declares that although he was born a Hindu if Japanese aggression can be stopped. Public he will not die a Hindu.

improvements in roads and other means of com- Enough has been said to call attention to the munication; the development of natural resources present crisis in these great nations of Asia. It and trade, and the improvement in social ideals is a time of danger and of opportunity-of danger were showing great progress-and then came lest the people retrograde into confusion, depres- Japan as an instrument of destruction. But sion and opposition to Christ and His program; China's power to resist and to recuperate has been a time of opportunity when through vital union proved through the centuries. with Christ they may be brought through to true The social and economic situation in Japan and liberty and peace, to social and economic progress Korea is serious. The war is estimated to cost and to new spiritual life and power.

Japan $5,000,000 a day and the people are feeling The Way to Victory the depression more and more. They are being heavily taxed and are commanded to omit all lux- What is the way of victory? Politically it is not uries and many things considered necessities. the way of greater armies, navies and air bat- Hundreds of thousands of wage earners are being talions; it is not by accepting the supremacy of killed in China. Koreans also are suffering ac- communistic, fascist, or socialistic lead~rs; it is cutely from Japanese taxation and exploitation. not even through pacifism or a peaceful struggle The Educational and Spiritual Crisis for political control. Christ and the apostles lived in a time of political oppression and the de- The educational and spiritual crisis in Asia is pendence on armed force, but they sought peace intimately linked with the political and economic by obedience to laws that did not defy the laws situation. Materialism and atheism are strug- of God, by love that suffers long and is kind and gling against Christ and His principles of love, by preaching Christ as the Saviour and Lord of justice and freedom. all. "When the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do?" They can stilI be right- In Japan and Korea, Christian education is eous, trust God and stand true to Him-even unto threatened with extinction, as emperor worship death. and attendance at the Shinto shrines is being required of Christians and non-Christians alike. Socially and economically the way of victory is Japanese and Koreans were fast becoming edu- not by a new social setup or through the adoption cated in Christian truth, enlightened customs and of certain economic principles-for self-seeking ideals, but now the government is fast taking all men to disregard. In the time of Christ, social ineducation under its control and is depriving the justice was everywhere apparent, slavery and people of the religious liberty promised by the poverty prevailed and there was a great gulf beconstitution. The alternative is being offered- tween the rich and the poor. Christians met the Baal or Jehovah, Diana or Christ, God as re- crisis not by advocating 3 redistribution of wealth, vealed in the Bible or Shinto. or even the immediate liberation of slaves, but by proclaimIng the law of love, by preaching and In China, in the midst of political and economic practicing justice and by showing that God is no distress, there seems to be a spiritual awakening respector of persons. They revealed the truth that and greater religious freedom. Whereas Christian riches consist not in accumulated wealth but that teaching was excluded from the schools under re- character and contentment come from honest toil, cent laws, the loyalty of Christians and the sacri- brotherly dealings and an unselfish, wise steward- ficial service of missionaries in caring for the ship of time, talents and possessions.

wounded and destitute has now brought permis- The educational and spiritual needs were seen sion to make Christian teaching a part of school in the days of the early Church. These needs were and college curriculums. Spiritual revivals and met, not by great united campaigns or by the a new earnestness in prayer and new power in establishment of institutions, they were met by Christian testimony are reported from all over uplifting Christ and by teaching His truth to all China today. so that new desires and ambitions were awakened, India, too, is in a spiritual crisis. Hinduism new life and power were imparted and the call of seems to be making a desperate last stand. Evan- God was heard for the establishment of a new gelistic campaigns are spreading and several thou- order.

sands every month are coming forward to confess The secret of meeting every crisis effectively- Christ. The dissatisfaction of Depressed Classes be it political, social, economic, educational, spirit- with Hinduism may lead to a tremendous exodus ual, national, missionary or personal-is to take into the Christian or possibly into the Moslem God into account; it is to bring men and women fold. Many take the position of Dr. Ambedkar into such vital relation to God through Christ,

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

that new life will come to them, with new aims territory with over 15,000,000 inhabitants. These and energy, new intelligence and a keen desire include Czechs of Bohemia (Monrovia and Sefor knowledge; a new sense of justice; new love lesia) Slovaks, Germans, Poles, Jews, Russians, for God and man and new power to carry out His Hungarians and other races ,and nationalities. Twoprogram. Is there any other way? thirds are Czechoslovaks. The predominant re- ligion is Roman Catholic; they are reported to THE PLIGHT OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA number ten million. Under President Masaryk the country enjoyed prosperity for twenty years. Before 1918 there was no political division in Multitudes have left the Roman Catholic church to Europe named Czechoslovakia. The land and become Protestants who number about 1,130,000. people were a part of Austria-Hungary for three hundred years. Then came the Versailles Treaty What should be the attitude of Christians in and as a penalty for fighting a losing warfare such a crisis? What would be the attitude of Austria-Hungary was divided, part of the terri- Christ? While we have obligations to the govtory and people going to Rumania and Poland, ernment and the land in which we live, our true part to the new nations of Hungary and Yugo- dtizenship is not of this world. The basis for our slavia and part to Czechoslovakia. The people peace and welfare is not a human government of seemed satisfied with this allocation and Prof. our own choosing. Some of the greatest Chris- T. G. Masaryk, the high-minded and wise patriot tians have been developed under most unfavorwas elected the first president. All seemed to go able circumstances-in the ancient Roman Emwell while the nations were struggling to recover pire, in Russia, in France and Spain during days from the economic effects of the war and while of persecution, in Turkey under the Sultan, and Germany was weak and unarmed. Now, twenty in every mission field where Christianity has years after the war ended and peace treaties sought to gain a foothold. Christ Himself warned were signed, the provisions of the Treaty of His disciples that in this world they must ex- Versailles relating to Czechoslovakia are scrapped. pect hardship and persecution; He called Saul the Germany, under the dominating leadership of persecutor to become His missionary, showing Adolph Hitler, has rearmed in such a formidable him, not what a comfortable successful time he way that the Reich feels strong enough to disre- would have, but "how great things he must suffer" gard other European nations. After taking over for the sake of Christ. all of Austria, without a battle, he has demanded large sections of Czechoslovakia where "Sudeten Christians and the Christian Church are called Germans" are living, and has captured their ter- to work unfalteringly for a better world, to preach ritory under threat of a general European war. and practice peace; to feed the hungry, heal the Already he has marched in to take possession of sick, care for the fatherless and widows; to preach fortifications, cities, health resorts, natural re- and practice righteousness and brotherly love in sources, and many industrial plants on which the the name of Christ and in the power of the Holy Czechoslovakian Government has depended for Spirit. In Czechoslovakia, as in Spain and Ethieconomic and military strength. The end is not opia, in China and Korea, Christians pray for yet; while the four parties to the new agreement- courage as they face conflicts and ungodly human Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy-have dictators; they are not discouraged in the midst supposedly guaranteed the new boundaries of the of trials; true followers of Christ will witness to shrinking republic, Herr Hitler is not satisfied. Him and will resolve to love even their enemies He sees that the other nations fear modern war- and to pray for rulers and for those who "despitefare and its terrible results, as he does not, and fully use and persecute them." Czechoslovakia and therefore he stands ready to demand more conces- other lands may be ravaged by war and torn by sions to add to his territory in Europe-and fire, sword and pestilence but the life of the probably will demand a return of former German Christian is "hid with Christ in God." colonies. Poland and Hungary also are demanding slices of Czechoslovakia inhabited by some of War is a taste of hell on earth but there is sometheir people. It is as though Mexico were strong thing even worse than the mental and physical enough to demand United States territory in the horrors of warfare-namely the utter spiritual southwest, in which Mexicans have made their homes. The Czechoslovaks were ready to fight darkness of those whose lives are alienated from for their land but could not do it alone, when God. There is much that Christians can do for abandoned by their allies who had guaranteed the suffering people of Czechoslovakia, and of their boundaries. other stricken lands, in this hour of their dire Czechoslovakia has had 54,250 square miles of need. Christian love is not merely a pious senti- ment, it is a divine dynamic that operates for practical and Godlike ends.

SO THIS IS INDIA TODAY* strong even where the leaders themselves are not "The earthquakes that have rattled our bun- Christians. galow are as nothing compared with the movements which are changing the whole life of Agriculture and industry: India has resources, India," writes an experienced missionary in look- physical and spiritual, that are undeveloped by ing over the scene-political, social, and religious any of her old religions. These schools are a part -which now confronts Christian forces. "I have of the answer which missionaries are making to never seen the foundations of society shaken as the question, "How important are 700,000 villages they are today." and their inhabitants?"

India has a population three times that of the It is impossible to separate the work of the United States; 200 languages in use; climate Kingdom of God into given classifications. The ranging from tropical to subarctic; a rigid social doctor and the nurse, the industrial teacher and and religious system which is now giving way the rural expert, the minister and the woman: before modern conditions; five widespread re- evangelist, the teacher and the administrative ligions, besides innumerable minor faiths. In the officer, are but parts of the whole force of Chrismidst of all this we find that Christianity is in- tians who have put their gifts of trained and decreasing much more rapidly in proportion than voted lives at the service of Christ to make India a part of the Kingdom which shall not end.

the population! These few facts underly the cur- rent work in India. Behind the familiar state- THE CRISIS AMONG NEGROES ments are rapid changes in life and psychology such as have never before confronted India. According to President Mordecai Johnson of Howard University in Washington, D. C., the Christians set the standards for the education Negro is in a worse state today than he was beand training of women, and the women of India fore the depression, and in the most precarious are responding with zeal and unselfishness. Chris- position he has been since 1880. Dr. Johnson tians set standards for the improvement of village feels that his people are likely to lose in the next life; for lifting the level of rural millions above ten years the greater proportion of all they have the line of desperate poverty; for care of body gain~d, unless steps are taken to avert this disand soul in hospitals and clinics. Education is aster. This is an opinion to challenge the attenmore widespread, leadership for and by the mem- tion of every public-minded citizen, and every bers of the Depressed Classes is vigorous and friend of our Negro millions. The problem of vocal. The high percentage of illiteracy has made providing work for the vast reservoir of unemthe goal of Christian workers "Every Christian ployed Negro labor rising out of the maladjusta reader by 1941." "Never mind lunch," was the ments of the cotton plantation system in the South cry of a group of women. "We can get food later; is a colossal one to attack, and one far out of the we can't get a teacher when this meeting is over!" scope of anyone church to solve. The Church must be aware tha.t such a problem exists, else Medical work: Missionary doctors (men and how can it help to create a public opinion which women) and nurses, work with an Indian staff of will demand that some national attempt at a soludoctors and nurses in hospitals and dispensaries. tion be made? The problem resolves itself into a They treat tuberculosis and leprosy as well as the concern about educated young Negroes, willing more common ills of India. and eager to work at anything that will pay a liv- ing wage, unable to find a niche, rebuffed and hu- Schools and universities: Union and denomina- miliated frequently in the search for honest work, tional colleges and schools are scattered over all India.

Evangelistic work is conducted in evangelistic and excluded from most of the opportunities to meetings, in churches, schools and hospitals. earn a decent living. Many possibilities are auto- Mass movements are again in progress as they matically closed to the young Negro and he starts were a generation ago. Political as well as social out with a defeatist attitude, knowing that he will influence is largely against these movements, ow- be lucky to work into some elevator or service'

ing to the fact that voters are registered by reli- job; that there are not even too many of these, gion. If means were at hand to train them, the and that he will automatically get less money for missions could use many more Indian evangelistic his work than his white neighbor.

workers to help to seize so great an opportunity. What the Church can do is problematic; what Women's work: Women are making history in individuals can do is just as complicated; but India, from political leaders to village workers. there is one thing all can do-we can become in- Some are Christians but the Christian influence is formed and interested. Each person can examine his own practical Christianity.

• Extracts from Monday Morning, a weekly paper for Presbyterian -Virginia Ray, in the Presbyterian Tribune. pastors.

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia*

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey -.~ Author of "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," etc., etc., one of the ~- Founders of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America FIFTY years ago the tragic death of Ian Keith- The backward s·tate of the "As·ir highlands, intended Falconer at Aden called the attention of the by nature to be a paradise, is the inevitable result of world to Arabia. His memorable words man's inability to live at peace with his neighbors." Yet stirred the student world of his day: "While vast here nature and man h.ave cer.tainly combined to create a continents are shrouded in almost utter darkness scene of astonishing beauty, and it seemed to me that man had actually outdone nature in their friendly rivalry.

and hundreds of millions suffer the horrors of Imagine a great tableland thrust up to a height of 9000heathenism and Islam, the burden of proof rests 9500 feet, towering above the tumbled mountains and upon you to show that the circumstances in which valleys of the Tihama on one side and the endless expanse God has placed you were meant by Him to keep of mountains and desert on the other. The surface of the p·lateau, plunging steeply down on one side in a series of you out of the foreign field." splendid buttresses, slopes gently on th.e other in the The burden of the unoccupied areas of the curves of graceful valleys, forming huge theaters, for world rested on the Edinburgh Missionary Con- which man has provided the seats in terrace after terference nearly thirty years later. (Witness the race of cornfields. In the middle of Jurie the corn was ripe, and I shall never forget that scene of golden ears report and the literature on the subject at that soughing and howing under the gentle· breeze, terrace time.) The subject was practically shelved at the after terrace, down the mighty flanks of those moun- Jerusalem Council Meeting in 1928, and the sur- tains, whose steeper slopes nature had reserved for her vey by Charles H. Fahs was not even printed in own planting-a dense forest of junipers and other trees the eight-volume report. Now the World Domin- extending down to the 7500-foot level. And in the fields and forest the !birds rejoiced.

ion Movement, in its series of Survey Volumes, The natural boundaries of Arabia are not in has laid emphasis not only on what the Christian degrees of lattitude or longitude. The great "Is- Church has done and is doing, but especially upon land of the Arabs," as they themselves call it, has the vast unfinished task and the great unoccupied its geographical and historical area accurately areas. Their latest volmne deals with Arabia- expressed in the thrice repeated promise of the long neglected and now the hardest battleground Old Testament "from sea to sea and from the in the spiritual conflict with Islam. Dr. Harold I. Storm (who is chiefly respon- river unto the ends of the earth." Iraq and sible for the Survey and has written all of the Transjordania are of Arab speech, race and trachapters except one, which is by Mrs. Storm) dition; the great northern desert has been the has probably traveled more widely across the tenting ground of the Arab since the dawn of Arabian peninsula than any other missionary. history.

His recent tour took him across the peninsula Dr. Storm's survey is the first complete survey from east to west and inland to Asir, Yemen, and of Arabia today as a mission field. Until the year the cities of Hadramaut. The beautiful photo- 1889, this vast area was considered a closed land. graphic illustrations in this volume reveal some- Dr. Eugene Stock, then Secretary of the Church thing of the variety of Arabian landscape. Missionary Society, in an address at the Ecu- Arabia is not all desert. It has fertility and menical Missionary Conference held in New York beauty. H. St. John Philby has recently made an in 1900, said: "The greatest of all these unen- extensive journey to the Land of Sheba (Geo- tered countries, which is very rarely mentioned graphical Journal, July, 1938) through the great in missionary accounts, is Arabia. There is that Wady of Nejran, where Christians died martyrs great Arab race, the children of Abraham as before the days of Mohammed. Here is his pic- much as are the Jews, waiting for the Gospel; ture of one unoccupied province of Arabia. Does but we cannot get in to preach it. The Lord will it not come as a challenge?: open that door when we have entered the doors • "Whither Arabia?" By Harold Storm, M.D., IIlus. $1.50. Pub- already open." Why did this missionary stateslished by the World Dominion Movement, New York and London. man and historian consider Arabia "the great- [ 519]

est" of all the unoccupied fields and speak of «the Dr. Storm shows that the Arabs are a great great Arab race"? race in origin and destiny, and are capable of great achievement. Physically they are undoU'bt- Of all the lands comparable to Arabia in size, edly one of the strongest races of the world, a and of all the peoples who in any way approach survival of the fittest in an environment that kills the Arabs in historical interest and influence, no off the weaklings. The character, influence and country and no nationality (as Prof. Hitti re- literature of the Arabic language witnesses to the .marks) has received "so little consideration and genius of the people and of their prophet Moham- study in modern times as have Arabia and the med, through his book. A certain degree of sim- Arahs." Arabia is one of the great Bible lands, ilarity in human character, and an even greater has an area of a million square miles and is the similarity of language and custom and religion, probable cradle of the Semitic race which has prevails over the entire area where Arab migra- given the world its three great theistic faiths: tion brought Islam in its early conquest. Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Who can say whether what happened in the The Arabs have been world-conquerors and ex- seventh century may not occur again in the twen- plorers. They traveled from the Pillars of Her- tieth, if Christ should capture the Arab heart and cules (Gibraltar) to the coasts of China and in Arabs become messengers of the Gospel as, they the period of their greatest expansion "assim- once were of the Koran? ilated to their creed, speech and even physical type more aliens than any stock before or since, The exploration and mapping of the Arabian not excepting the Hellenic, the Roman, the Anglo- peninsula has made vast strides during and since Saxon or the Russian." Israel's tradition in the the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still A GORGE IN THE TUWAIG MOUNTAINS, ARABIA large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the time of Doughty, the work of men like Lawrence, Old Testament reveals most intimate relations Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, Freya with Arabia and Arab life, both on their eastern Stark, Vander Meulen, and last but not least, frontier and on the south, even to distant Ha- Bertram Thomas, have given us a picture of dramaut; The Hebrew literary genius, as Dr. Arabia and its inhabitants with very few gaps Macdonald has indicated, also shows kinship with remaining. But this latest survey by Dr. Storm Arabia. 'Their literature throughout all their his- is a missionary survey of the field. tory, and to this day, in its method of production and in its recorded forms is of Arab scheme and The new forces that have at last stirred it may type." An index of all the Scriptural references now arouse patriarchal and nomad Arabia from to Arabia and Arabian Bedouin life includes its stagnation. The tide of Western trade and twenty-five books of the Old and five of the New culture came after the earliest missionary occupa- _ Testaments. tion fifty years ago, and has made the task of evangelization at once easier and yet more dif- There is no land in the world and no people ficult. All Arabia faces a new future and this (with the exception of Palestine and the Jews) volume may well ask "whither?". which bear such close relation to the Theocratic covenants and Old Testament promises as do A recent British writer weighs the question: Arabia and the Arabs. The divine promises for "The desert is undoubtedly the clue to the history the final victory of the Kingdom of God in Arabia of the Arabs. Relentless yet free, it has made the are many, definite and glorious. These promises Arab what he is, essentially virile, essentially group themselves around seven names which have chivalrous, essentially spendthrift, essentially fa- from time immemorial been identified with the talistic. Critics have said that the Arab is so lazy peninsula of Arabia: Ishmael, Kedar, N ebaioth, that he has largely made his own deserts rather Sheba, Seba, Midian and Ephah. than that the deserts have made him. Such critics are uJikind and superficial." He goes on to point out that today the Arab has changed. He has a broader horizon and a new sense of nationalism. The Arab is potentially a traveler and has made history outside of Arabia. The excellent maps that accompany the Survey indicate at once the tribal disunity of Arabia and its religious, social and linguistic unity.

As Dr. Storm points out, every year the motor car is penetrating further into neglected Arabia. Communications between every part of the Penin- sula were never so rapid and universal. The

A NEW SURVEY OF NEGLECTED ARABIA

Arabic papers and books from Cairo, Beirut, station is a majority. Arithmetic fails when you Damascus, and Baghdad reach every part of the deal with spiritual realities. Yet it is the im- Peninsula. Surely all this is a challenge to hasten ponderable forces of the Spirit of God which will the work of Christian evangelization. Thirteen determine victory or defeat in Arabia. The three centuries of history prove that there is little hope principal missions in the peninsula are the Amerfor Arabia in Islam. ican Mission on the Persian Gulf, the United Church of Scotland at Aden, and the Danish REPLACING THE ARABIAN CAMEL Church Mission in Yemen. The number of Chris- Longest motor coach in the world-carrying passengers from tians connected with these missions is very small, but their faith and faithfulness is very great. Damascus to Baghdad. Here is a book that truly tells of "Faith" Mis- sions! What Islam has done and has not done for the land of its birth can be read in the fascinating Because we believe that the imponderables of bO.Qks of unprejudiced explorers who, from the the Kingdom of Light are on our side, we believe days of Burckhardt and Niebuhr until those of that "opportunity" is not the last word in mis- Philby and Freya Stark, penetrated the vast sions. The appeal of the closed door is often even peninsula and have portrayed not only the land greater than that of the one which is open. The but the people. Doughty's two volumes are an en- open door beckons; the closed door may be a chalcyclopedia on the effect of Islam in molding the lenge to God's authority. It is the strength of character of the desert Arab. There could be no these imponderable forces-that is to say the stranger indictment of Islam than the fruit of reality of the Invisible, which enables the misthat faith in the character and lives of the Arabs sionary beneath the walls of an Arabian city, or as Doughty portrays them. in its borderlands, to look upward with confidence and to see by faith the future result of his toil in The present Survey does not deal very largely "the great multitude which no man could numwith Islam as a religion but points out the suc- ber"-a world where statistics are inadequate to cess and the further urgent opportunity for express realities, where finance and budgets have Christian missions, especially medical missions. lost all significance and gold is used for paving Dr. and Mrs. Storm are very modest in pointing stones. out what has been achieved in the past five decades. One cannot measure success here by statis- Success is not always measured by numbers tics, although we have tables and figures of nor victory by majorities. "Not by might nor by schools, hospitals and dispensaries. The Arabian peninsula, seen from the back of a camel, is much MODERN AIRPLANE TRAVEL IN ARABIA larger than on the map. Here "one dot may represent 10,000 Moslems"; there, one Moslem power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." Here represents ten thousand difficulties in evangelism. is a new challenge to students in our colleges for Some things cannot be put into tables and figures. the great adventure. After you read this "New You cannot tabulate loneliness nor plot the curve Survey," help to pray through to a successful conof hope deferred which makes the heart sick. Yet clusion the task that God has set before His these are the things that make the difference be- Church in this great and still neglected peninsula. tween the shedding of ink and the shedding of blood. The end of the geographical and ethnological survey is only the beginning of the missionary enterprise. One man with God at a mission

and Romance in Czechoslovakia

By REV. JOSEPH NOVOTNY, D.D., International Baptist Seminary, East Orange, N. ,.

1'. DECENTLY the little democracy of central of the "Unitas Fratrum," and introduced believ- Europe, Czechoslovakia, has become front er's baptism into the Bohemian Brethren Church. page news. In spite of the general interest Count Tolstoy professed himself his admirer and aroused, few readers seem to be acquainted with disciple. The Bohemian Brethren Church of old the country, its problems and the present religious is sometimes called today "the most beautiful situation. blossom on the tree of Christianity since the time According to one of the best Czechoslovakian of the apostles." Comenius was the great religious leader of the "Unitas Fratrum," the teacher of historians, Dr. Kamil Krofta, the foreign minister nations, who was called to Harvard as president, of the Czechoslovakian Government, the Czecho- is a man who is not valued enough. We are only slovaks were already in the present countries beginning to understand what he meant, not only which form Czechoslovakia as early as the second, for the Czechoslovaks but for the culture of the or perhaps in the first, century of the Christian era. world. The Moravian Church of today has its In the fourth century, when people were seek- origin in the work of Chelcicky and Comenius.

ing new homes, and the Slavs, the most numerous Czechoslovaks are the only Slavs who adopted white race in the world who had their cradle in the Reformation and followed it for two hundred the south of Russia, divided into different groups. years. It was an eminently religious country, The Czechoslovaks, although comparatively few "The Land of Book and Cup." There is a proverb, in number, showed the greatest energy and went which has its origin in the time of Hus: "The furthest west of all the Slavs. A few who went Husitic woman knows the Bible better than the further were drowned in the German Sea. The priest." The Czechoslovaks printed the first Czechoslovak land looks like a finger of the great Bible in a living tongue-New Testament in 1475, Slav hand pointing other Slavs to Western culture the whole Bible in 1488, in Prague. For the man of which he became the interpreter. Being the who daily reads and meditates in the Bible they center of Europe, and having high mountains as a coined a word, pismak, which cannot be translated natural frontier, the Czechoslovak was able, dur- into any other language. Nowhere is the Lord's ing the many hundreds of years of Germanizing Supper held in higher esteem than among the efforts of his neighbors, to remain a Czechish Czechoslovaks. The old independent Protestant peninsula in the German Sea. His chief connec- Czech State was a land of liberty, with the kingtion with his Slav brethren has been the Poles to democrat, George of Podebrad, who was a Czechothe north. slovak citizen, chosen king because of his spiritual The Czechoslovaks accepted Christianity as nobility. This Reformation movement was transpreached to them by the two Greek brethren, planted into Slovakia so that half of the popula- Cyrill and Methodius. This fact is the reason tion became Protestants and they use the Czech why the Czechoslovaks, while for the most part Bible and hymnals today. Roman Catholics, have not been strong followers Another fact which shows the missionary spirit of Rome. of the Czechoslovaks in the dawn of the Reforma- The Protestant Reformation ideas took root in tion, is of spiritual interest to all Anglo-Saxons. Bohemia and in the other Czechoslovak territory. When Scotland was still Roman Catholic, but had The greatest man that the Czechoslovak nation some friends of Reformation ideas, they sent to produced, John Hus, was not the first or only re- Prague a message in which they asked for a former. He had many forerunners. His clever representation of the Reformation ideas in the colleague was Jerome of Prague, and his spiritual cradle of Reformation. The Czechs sent a whole successor, Peter Chelcicky, a man who was born expedition, the leader of which, Pavel Kravar, was too soon, an apostle of world peace and separation professor in the Prague University. In his adoptof State and Church. He was the spiritual father ed country he became known as Paul Crawer, or [522 ] LlTBUAN7A·…,~ R U S S I A i,i .,;•J • MOSCOW • "~L" .-….'r""'~-Y.""'-.., iI" uK RAI N.E .A·,. "• Scale of Miles 100 200 30, 0 40, 0 THE THEATER OF TUR'MOIL IN EUROPE TODAY A Herald-Tribu.ne map showing the portions of Czechoslovakia acquired by Germany. These areas comprise about 11,500 square miles (nearly the size of Belgium), with 3,500,000 inhabitants, living along the Western, Northern and Southern boundaries.

Craw; he preached the Gospel in Scotland for tants in Bohemia by Roman Catholic Austria. The three years, and was burned as a heretic at St, Andrews in 1433. Jesuits and soldiers entered the land and tried to Peter Paine, an early English Reformer, who "convert" the people with sword and fire. They was banned from his native country because of his "heretic" beliefs, found a refuge in the free beheaded twenty-seven Czech religious leaders country of Bohemia, and died there in peace, known as "Brother English." The center and spir- and passed a law that everybody who would not itual stronghold of the Reformation ideas was the Czech University of Prague, the oldest one in be Roman Catholic must leave the country or Central Europe, founded in 1348. die. Many died, many left the country without When America was discovered, and many left their homeland to seek gold, the Czechoslovaks their property, so that although Bohemia, before revealed a thirst after pure religion, and sent abroad an expedition to find the best Christians in the Thirty Years' war, had over three millions of the world and to bring home their experience. inhabitants, after the war there were left only Meanwhile the religious divisions were serious. When civil war broke out in 1618, the Austrians eight hundred thousand people. The property of invaded the land and the tragic battle near Prague was a precursor of the end of the inde- the Protestant Czechs (which amounted to five pendent Protestant Czechoslovak State. Emperor Ferdinand of Austria proclaimed that he would hundred million gold crowns, according to the rather see Czechoslovakia a desert than a Protestant country. Few pages of history show such a historian, Bilek) was given to the Roman Catholic dark record as those of the persecution of Protes- Church, nobility, and the Emperor. Three hun- dred years of persecution followed, the history of which a Czech can read only with a bleeding heart.

The Roman Catholic German-Austrians largely succeeded in turning the Czech Protestant land into a Roman Catholic country.

To make the nation forget their national hero, John Hus, the Jesuits brought out a fictitious John (Nepomuk), and named him the nation's patron saint in 1729. .

A dark period followed in Czech history. In

the forests and mountains remained the true out of three who were born in the last year of the pismaks, readers of the Bible, although the Bible war died because of the weakness of their mothwas proclaimed a forbidden book which the ers. In spite of this persecution, the nation kept Jesuits told the people not to read and many were the motto of John Hus: "Woe to those who, for a taken away by force. In order that Catholic serv- piece of bread, sell the truth." ants might not touch the "poisoned books," they carried them in chains, and the priests burned When the war was near at an end, the Czechothem in the churchyards. One Jesuit leader pro- slovaks couldwait no longerfor thearmistice. When claimed openly that he (Konias) had burned sixty they saw that their oppressor grew weaker and thousand Bohemian Bibles and Protestant re- the Allies stronger, they thought that the moment ligious books. In order to find hidden Bibles it is had arrived for their liberation. On the twentyrecorded that the Jesuits used to wear shoes with eighth of October, 1918, Prague was aroused to nails when they went to the fields where the peo- enthusiasm. Crowds crying, "Liberty! Hurrah ple were working barefoot. Trampling on their for the Allies!" were marching through the feet, they asked where they kept their Bibles. streets. People went about kissing and embracing People often went from one village where there each other. The Czechoslovaks are proud that was no Bible to a village where there still was a their greatest day in history was not stained by a Bible and offered a loaf of bread to be allowed to single drop of blood, even by the "enemy." The read and learn parts by heart, in order to share Austro-Germans feared the day of liberation its contents with their neighbors when they re- would be a day of vengence-therefore they turned. closed the doors and windows of their houses in fear. But the new government sent messengers In these dark th'ree hundred years the Protes- to the Germans to open their houses, with the tant Czechoslovaks had to fight Vienna and Rome, message that they need not be afraid as the nation that together tried to Germanize and to Roman- did not intend to persecute anybody in the new ize the nation. Therefore it came about that every State. Czechoslovak was filled with a" hatred against this dualism, and as he read history the antago- When Czechoslovakia was liberated, it seemed nism was doubled. only natural that the national liberation should be crowned by a religious liberation. The Czecho- The Effect of the World War slovak Government prescribed for the first time in the new state a" census, to record to what The third period of the Czechoslovak nation nationality each one belonged, and what religion starts at the moment with the great World War. he professed. It was natural that every Czechoslovak resolved to side with the Allies against Austria; their op- In the old Austria it was not easy to leave the pressor. The leader of the nation, Prof. T. G. Roman Catholic Church, but after the World War, Masaryk, wisely foresaw that a revolution would there was proclaimed complete religious liberty. mean suicide. Therefore he recommended that Many Czechoslovaks, even nominal Roman Cathsome of the leaders go abroad to cooperate with olics, were ashamed to say that they belonged to the Allies, and others stay at home to lead the the Church which had "burned the greatest people. Regiments were organized in Russia, Czechoslovak that ever lived," John Hus; the France, Italy, and America. As a result the Al- church which "robbed our greatest men of their lies recognized the right of the Czechoslovaks for property," and had either killed them or sent independence. them abroad as beggars.

Austria endeavored to punish the Czechoslovaks They said: "We cannot read the history of our for their thirst after freedom and the children nation without feeling ashamed that we besuffered especially. As one poet said: "Who saw long to those who destroyed the whole life of our the sufferings of men, did not see anything, he nation." must see the sufferings of the women; who saw the sufferings of women, did not see anything, Many people (perhaps one-third) left the Rohe must see the sufferings of children." The chil- man Catholic Church during this movement and dren sought for bits of food in ashes, or begged the process is not at an end. While two-thirds of on their knees at the door for a piece of bread. the population are still reported as Roman Cath- When the war was nearly at an end, the Austrian olics, according to the last census the capital minister for Foreign Affairs, Czernin, said to the city of Prague has only fifty-three per cent in Czechoslovak leaders, "When we are forced to that church. Great numbers are joining the new leave your country, we shall leave it a cemetery." Czechoslovak Church which has broken all ties After the armistice eighty-two per cent of the with Rome, recognizes the great men of our Refor- Czechoslovak children had consumption, and two mation as their spiritual leaders, uses the Czecho- slovak language in the church, has pictures of John Hus on the altars, and sings old Husitic

REALITY AND ROMANCE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

hymns; the priests marry, 'and the church is one Czechoslovak village where there were seven- growing in numbers as well as in spiritual life. ty-eight houses, over ninety American flags.

They are learning from the Protestant churches The Czechoslovaks are eager interpreters of new methods, such as the Sunday school and American culture, including religion. It is only Young People's Societies. stating a fact when the European nations call the Many join the different Protestant churches Czechoslovaks "the Yankees of Europe." The newwhich, in a short time, have admitted thousands. est Czechoslovak literature is full of American in- In the west of Bohemia, in a country town, where fluence. One of the youngest Professors of there was a Presybterian church with about one Philosophy of the Prague University, the successthousand members, today the same church has or of President Masaryk, returned from a trip to twenty thousand members. In the same district America and spoke and wrote enthusiastically is a country town where all the population left the about American life. The people were never more Roman Catholic church and joined the Protes- ready to accept the greatest treasure which Amertants, leaving only the priest, his housekeeper and ica possesses-the spiritual Christian religion. As to the problem of minorities which has the janitor in the Catholic church. caused the present crisis in Czechoslovakia, there In the Protestant churches many are seeking are such racial, national and religious minorities the deepening of spiritual life. Dogmatic bat- in every country of Europe. The crux of the tles are at an end; but many feel that real god- problem is not how many individuals or what perliness ought to follow the movement. The pastors centage of the whole population is found in a cerfrom the lukewarm churches are sent to those re- tain group, but how they are treated; how much gions where there is the greatest spiritual work, liberty they possess. in order that they may be influenced by that movement and "bring it home." It is touching to see In Czechoslovakia with more than 15 million how eager the young Protestants are to know inhabitants, the minorities reach 33.8 per cent of what they ought to do to be real "Bohemian the total population. These minorities came to Brethren." Many a lukewarm church has become Czechoslovakia as colonists. The historical dea living force because of the new opportunity. The velopment and natural frontier of high mountains greatest movem-ent was in the southwest of Bo- did not permit to draw the frontier any other hemia, where there was formerly the greatest way. These minorities are scattered all over stronghold of the Roman Church; it is the birth- the country. The Germans have numbered 22 place of John Hus, John Zizka, and Peter per cent of the entire population; the Magyars Chelcicky, and other Czechoslovak Reformers. As (Hungarians) 4.7 per cent, the Ruthenes 3.7 per in the Reformation time, people in the street, in cent, the Jews 1.29 per cent and the Poles 0.56 the railroad cars, in the public places, often spoke per cent.

about religious topics during this movement. How are the minorities treated in Czechoslo- vakia? The Germans have had seventy represent- America and Czechoslovakia atives in the Chamber of Deputies, thirty-six in It is interesting to know what part America the Senate; the Magyars (Hungarians) have played in the development of Czechoslovakia. eleven deputies and seven senators; the Ruthenes There are several external ties between America have nine deputies and senators; the Poles have and Czechoslovakia: their proclamation of inde- two deputies and the Jews two. There is absolute pendence was signed in the same place at the same liberty with regard to the use of the minority desk as the Declaration of Independence of Ameri- languages in the press. With regard to schools, ca, in Philadelphia; the first lady of Czechoslo. they can educate their children in schools provakia was an American, the Anglo-Saxon vided by government money where the minority American wife of the first President, Professor language is used and where the teachers belong to Masaryk. The Czechoslovaks will never forget the the minority and textbooks are printed in the American soldiers in Europe who helped to liber- minority language. The Germans in Czechosloate the nation: the proclamation of the American vakia have had two universities, two technical conditions of peace; the distribution of the institutes and are equipped with all types of ele- American bread, which saved multitudes from mentary and secondary schools. All these schools starvation; the coming of the American dollar, have been supported by government money.

which saved Europe from bankruptcy. The Germany, Italy and Hungary offer no political Czechoslovaks know of these things, and are deep- representation for the minorities. Poland offers ly thankful. In Prague they have the Wilson only partial political representation and bilingual monument, Wilson Central Station, American type of schools. Czechoslovakia is a democratic Street, and Hoover Avenue. One of the American country where the minorities have equal rights correspondents just after the armistice found in with the majority.

Universality of Christ*

~I .:; ;I===B=y=E=.=S=T=A=N=L=E=Y=J=O=N=E=S,=D=.=D=.,=I=od=ia==~-LII ~- SOMETHING more is involved in Christian at liberty them that are bruised, those who have missions than the question of whether we hurt themselves with their moral and spiritual will or will not send missionaries across the falls. His was a message to the hurt spirits of seas. The Christian Church is beginning to recog- men, and then He came to proclaim the Lord's nize the fact that if we cannot share our Christian Year of Jubilee. Every fifty years there was a faith with every man everywhere, in the end we fresh national beginning; all debts cancelled, all will not be able to hold it. That which is not uni- slaves freed, all land redistributed, and the na- versal is not true, for Truth by its very nature is tion began with a new beginning.

universal. Two and two make four in India, Jesus closed the book of the Prophet, and said, China, America, and around the world. The mo- "Today this program begins. Today this Scripment you discover the Truth, it rises above na- ture hath been fulfilled in your ears." tional boundaries and belongs to us as a race. If, therefore, what we have cannot be shared with In beginning our missionary program we can all men, it is not universal, and if it is not univer- do no better than to announce what Jesus said sal it is not true. was His program and make it our own-a Gospel for the poor, for the hungry millions of the earth. If we cannot give Christ and His Gospel to God wills a new distribution of the goods which every man everywhere, in the end we shall stand He has provided for every man. The missionary beside dead altars, we shall pray dead prayers enterprise, if it stands for anything, stands for and we shall have a faith that has let us down in redistribution of that which God, our Father, has our own emergencies. Therefore, this whole ques- willed that every man should have. tion is significant beyond the immediate influence of the missionary cause, and we must face it and Second, we would proclaim release to the capface it with a new sense of realism. tives. There are still multitudes of people who are not liberated. There are those who are still We do not apologize for things as they are and socially and politically captive. The missionary that are of interest to missions. Rather, we want enterprise comes with a great passion for human to be prophets of things as they ought to be. freedom, believing in the worthwhileness of every Christian missions are not sacrosanct save as they man. It would proclaim belief in the worthwhilerepresent truth and reality. We do not ask that ness of every nation. men should blindly take what we say. We ask that they submit it to the test of experience, of There are undeveloped races, but no permalife, of reality. No matter what we say or unsay, nently inferior people. We would also come with the last word is with the facts. a message to those who are physically disenfran- chised-the opening of the eyes of the blind. The We search with you to find reality if we can. missionary enterprise should go out with a pas- Our platform should fit the world's needs. When sion for health, for healing, to lift the burdens of Jesus stood in a little synagogue in Nazareth two suffering which are weighing upon the hearts, and thousand years ago He announced a program are crippling the lives of men. which seemed then of little significance save to that little group. But the world today, humbly The message must come also to those who are searching after something it has not, turns again bruised-men and women who are injured or to ask whether this Man of Galilee has a definite handicapped by their own falls. The man with word for us at this period in the world's history. the wounded conscience, the man who cannot look the world and himself squarely in the face. We Jesus said: "The spirit of the Lord is upon me, come with the Gospel of another chance, a new for He has naught in me to preach good tidings to beginning, a conversion, a regeneration. the poor." His program included the proclaim- ing of release to the captives, socially and politi- Then the missionary program sets the whole cally disenfranchised; the opening of the eyes of thing in God's Year of Jubilee and proclaims a the blind, the physically disenfranchised; to set fresh beginning for a race in all departments of * Condensed from an address delivered at the United Foreign human life, a fresh awakening for a world, a new Missions Campaign, Chicago, in 1933. start.

[ 526] These are some of the principles that underly they did, they would go back to a semi-savage, the missionary movement, but upon the thresh- roaming across Europe. Are we coming to that? old of our coming to proclaim these words certain things rise up and questions which we must Many of us are proud that we have English face. Whenever you face a question, face it in its blood in our veins. The English have made amazmore acute forms-answer it there, and then you ing contributions to the collective life of our race. have answered it all down the line. We would And yet at the time of the Roman ascendancy, a like to put this fresh, living, new Kingdom under Roman said, "The stupidest and ugliest slaves on the world problems today, and under the world the market are those from Britain." Had you situation today, but we are met with objections looked at those stupid and ugly slaves you would which we must face. have said, "Impossible barbarians! Nothing can come out of them." But someone else looked at When we talk about being missionaries we are them and said, "Angles; Angles. If they could be accused of a desire to manage other people. Men Christianized they would be angels." We are not say, first of all, that it is bound up with the polit- angels, but we are quite different from the stupid ical imperialisms of the West. No matter how and ugly slaves. And the thing that was at the pure its motive, missionary work gets entangled bottom of our rise was the fact of the impact of and alloys within itself disturb and destroy its the Gospel of Jesus Christ upon us. effect upon human life. Every movement needs constant criticism, constant readjustment, per- Those who have Scotch blood are prouder still. petual realignment, and a bringing back to orig- The Scotch have made amazing contributions to inal purposes. We want to bring back this move- human life. Some of the noblest souls have come ment to original purposes, to disentangle it from from the Scotch, and yet the Scotch have been every entangling alliance that would cripple its called "eaters of human flesh," who had plenty spirit and hurt its motive. We want it to stand of flocks but whose herdsmen would prefer a clear in its own right-compelling, and doing steak from the female breast as a rarity! The what God would have men do through this move- Scotch of the fourth century! Had you looked at ment. them you would have said, "Impossible barbar- ians!" But some looked at them with the eyes of Not Political Imperialism Jesus Christ, and there began the upward rise of a nation that has contributed largely to the col- First of all, then, men say that the missionary lective life. Everywhere the missionary movemovement is a species of political imperialism, ment goes with a passionate belief in the developthat it is the religious side of that western expan- ment of men into likeness to God as He is resion, and partakes of the spirit of that expansion. vealed in Jesus Christ. There is some truth in what the critics say. Again and again the movement has been cor- We don't believe that there is any nation good rupted by its contact with pushing imperialisms enough or wise enough to hold 'permanently anand has been used by the imperialisms of the other people against that people's will. There is West. It was said that when the white man went in every nation a birthright of freedom, and the to Africa the white man had the Bible and the Christian missionary movement should stand, not African had the land; later on the African had as the sponsor of white prestige and white rule, the Bible and the white man had the land. There but should stand for the brotherhood of men, and is just enough truth in that to make it sting. Un- present a Christ who stands alongside of the libjust treaties have been forced upon China because erties of men and who expresses those liberties of China's treatment of missionaries. This move- in His Gospel and in His kingdom. ment has been fused in the purposes of imperialism. We acknowledge it with sorrow. But that Retain All That Is Good and True period of entanglement with the political imperialisms is at an end. Never again will treaties We believe that each nation has something to be forced upon China because of China's treat- contribute to the collective life of our race. We ment of missionaries. Christian missions are un- go, then, to the nations of the earth, not trying to doing what has been done, and the whole pressure wipe out their culture, their past. Much of that of Christian enterprise is to give men liberties culture will pass away with the impact of fuller and freedom. It is the passionate belief that lies knowledge. What is false in those religions will at the heart of the missionary enterprise that be dissolved in the face of truth, but nothing every man is of infinite worth. good, nothing true, nothing beautiful shall perish if men and women accept Jesus Christ, for He If any people in these United States say that said, "I came not to destroy, but to fulfill." He they do not believe in Christian missions, they would gather up unto Himself all the beautiful should be willing to go back to where they were things, the splendid touches, the genius of each before Christian missions touched them. And if nation, gather up into Himself-not destroying,

but perfecting all that is good and true and beau- A church that has a living unity has authority tiful. We can go to the nations of the earth with in a world that is looking for unity. If we can't a new sense of friendship, and at the same time get together as denominations, how can we de- believing that we have a message to them that mand that the world get together as nations? We Jesus Christ completes everything good in any believe that the missionary enterprise comes to nation anywhere. you with a new passionate belief in the unity of the Christian world, and we would build up a I believe the last vestige of connection of the great sense of Christian solidarity that would missionary enterprise with political imperialism hold together every fine thing that each denomiwas severed at the Jerusalem Conference. For the nation can contribute to the whole, but bound tofirst two or three days we analyzed until we were gether with a broad Christian brotherhood that paralyzed. We were suffering from what some- transcends all of this. There is no denomination body has called "paralysis of analysis." But at that had any corner on the saints. God seems to the end of those two weeks, as we sat at the feet work through denominations-sometimes, in of Jesus Christ and looked into His thoughts, we spite of them. If that hurts your denominational concluded that we had a message the world could pride it may help your Christian humility. We not do without and live. No missionary move- are deeply grateful for the denominations which ment has set its face toward the rights of all men, have nurtured us and given us spiritual birth, but and the liberties of all men. we step out and say: "It may be that the Chris- tian missionaries will force us at the home base But somebody says: While the missionary to come together because we believe that the movement may not be political imperialism, isn't world is searching for real unity." it denominational imperialism? Isn't it marked by the desire to build up vast denominations? Is not spiritual imperialism desire to manage There is some truth in that alliance. Christian other people's minds and souls in their supposed missions grew up at the time when denominations interests? There is a good deal of that in Chrisexpanded greatly in the West, and they have tian missions at home and abroad, because of the sometimes used this movement for the purposes type of teaching we give our young people. We tell of statistics. our young people that they must go out and be- come leaders. Get a dozen people together, all of Christ Greater Than Sects But today in the East, Christianity is begin- whom have been taught to be leaders, and you ning to recognize that there is something bigger have the stage set for confusion and strife, and than the question of being a Baptist or a Meth- for position, and power. Jesus (according to odist or a Presbyterian or anything else. There Moffet) said, "Be ye not called leaders." The is the question of being a Christian! What great attitude of the leader is, "I lead; you follow." It advantage is it 'to you whether you are a Meth- is a selfish attitude, therefore cannot be Christian. odist or Episcopal or anything else, in the light of Jesus said, "Be ye called servants." The attitude the question as to whether Jesus Christ or Karl of the servant is that he loses himself in a cause Marx shall hold the destiny of China? As we outside of himself. Jesus said, "I can Christianize have dropped down beneath the level of organ- that attitude." The world is tired of leaders. ization, down to the level of experience, we have Again and again they plunge us into war to satisdiscovered that the true Christian Church is the fy their ambitions. The world is sick of the desire most united body on earth, if we only knew it. to be leaders. It is perishing for servants! Per- Weare united in the deepest thing in life-name- ishing for men and women who lose themselves in the needs of humanity, forgetting themselves ly, in life itself. We share in Jesus Christ a life as the Master did. He said, "I am among you as that overleaps the barriers of race and class and one who serves. I came not to be ministered unto, congregation and denomination, and holds us to but to minister and to give myself a ransom for the deepest brotherhood that this world knows many." anything about-the brotherhood of a new life in Christ. The Supremacy of the Servant It is a strange anomoly that people who are Then what happens? That Servant of all be- most united at the center are sometimes most comes the greatest of all. He rises up with a new divided at the circumference. We, therefore, say kind of leadership, out of hurt and pain, out of to the Christian Church: "Brothers, we are one. the Cross. On Easter morning He rises to a new Let's act and love as if we were one. Do away leadership. The Servant of all becomes the Great- with all. duplications, and all competitions, all est of all. If, therefore, you are sending out self- overlappmg, and face this whole world Christian appointed leaders, we don't want them. But if program with the sense of the solidarity of the you can send out men and women who will lose Christian forces of the world." themselves in the great needs of the East, in Heav-

THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

en's name send them! The East is perishing for in prayer, that we, too, might have more of Christ servants. in our lives. The very act of giving to others is a There is another thing working against this conscious or unconscious prayer that His Life motive. We have discovered by actual fact that may be more operative in our own lives. But the we cannot succeed in being missionaries unless man who makes that objection doesn't say to we succeed in becoming marginal. No longer at science, for instance, "Science, you dare not pass the center, managing affairs, but on the margin, your science to the rest of the world until the sum stimulating, spiritualizing, culturers and helpers total of the findings of science are operative in of the situation; always trying to produce men America." The fact of the matter is that the find- and women who will stand upon their own feet ings of science are far beyond the application of and succeed only as we succeed in producing science to our collective life. The science of med- Christ-conscious, Spirit-directed, self-supporting icine is far beyond the application of medicine to churches in the East. our collective life, yet we do not hesitate to give We need the kind of mentality at the home base our science to the rest of the world. There is al- that is willing to contribute, even where they ways a gap between the findings of a thing and can't manage. We want the kind of spirit God the application of that thing. There is a gap be- guided, at the home base that feels that it is true tween Jesus Christ and our collective manifesta- success when we succeed in producing the kind of tion of Jesus Christ. We do not ask the nations churches in the East that stand as living, vital of the earth to become American; all we ask centers, courageous and self-supporting. In other them to do is to become Christian, and maybe in words, the price of your support should not be becoming Christian they will help us to become that you manage the whole thing. Give liberties more Christian. That is what we crave.

to men and women, give them liberties sufficient The question is, Has Jesus Christ a supply to enable God to help them develop their own which is universally redemptive? Will men be recharacteristics and their own life; then it may deemed if they will give Him a chance? We bebe that outt>f that liberty shall come back to us a lieve He has that abundant supply of life, and great contribution. I do not want merely to go to that in Jesus Christ, wherever groups and nathe East, I want the East to come to us. tions and individuals have exposed themselves to There are multitudes of men and women in the Him, there will come a redemptive power that East who have caught the passion and victory of will lift, change, redeem and make new.

Christ. These men and women can give the Gos- Not Ourselves But Christ pel to help us complete the uncompleted work and task of evangelism of America, so that there will We preach not ourselves but Jesus Christ, and be no more distinction between a "giving coun- then we are your servants for Jesus' sake. But try" and "receiving country," but we will all be somebody says it may not be spiritual impergiving and we will all be receiving. Out of that tinence. Mahatma Gandhi raises an objection. process will rise a fuller, finer type of Christian He says that there should be no change in reli- manhood, out of the twain shall he become a new gion. In an interview with some American newsman in Jesus Christ. paper men he said, "If the missionaries were to Another objection is that somebody says that it use their hospitals and schools for the purpose of may not be spiritual imperialism, but spiritual proselytizing, then when we attain self-govern- impertinence to go to people of other lands, when ment we would ask them to withdraw." His last our task at home is uncomplete. A man said, word modified his first and he said: "Under self- "You never export a thing unless you have a sur- government the missionary would not be allowed plus of that thing. Do you mean to say that you to proselytize if we feel it is done in the wrong have a surplus of Christianity in America, that way." But we have no desire to proselytize. Pros- you dare export it?" We have no surplus of elytizm, or a mere outward change of association, Christianity in America, but unless we try to is unchristian. Jesus said to the religious lead- bring others to Christ our own Christianity will ers of His day, "You compass sea and land and die upon our hands. If the individual centers up- gain a proselyte, and when you have gained him on himself to Christianize himself, he will be de- you are twofold more a child of Hell than him- Christianized in the process. self."

If a group or church should center upon itself On the other hand, Jesus definitely and specif- to Christianize. itself, it would perish in the proc- ically demanded conversion. He said, "Except a ess. If a nation should center upon itself to Chris- man be born again he cannot see the Kingdom of tianize itself, it would dry up in the process. God." There is a distinction between conversion Our very stretched-out hands across the seas and proselytizm. Proselytizm is the coming over are in the end a putting of those hands together from one sect or group or opinion to another

group or sect or OpInIOn without any necessary the very nature of the Gospel which I hold. Freechange in heart allegiance or character. It is a ly did I receive, freely must I give. There is a change of label, not of life. We repudiate pros- deep discipline in the Gospel, a disCipline of the elytizm but we insist upon conversion, for con- love of Christ; but primarily it is the gift of version involves a change in character-a deep, God. The Gospel is not so much a demand as it fundamental, all-embracing change in life. is an offer, an offer of new life to man by the grace of God. The moment this life takes hold of One business of the Christian Church is to pro- a man he comes under a discipline so severe that duce conversion, and when the Christian Church it is far deeper than self-discipline. can no longer show conversions it has lost its right to live and its power to propagate. When Gandhi has another objection. This time, he it can no longer make a good man out of a bad says: "If you speak about your religion, don't man, and a weak man into a strong man, and a speak about it in words. Use the most perfect man without God-consciousness into a man ra- method of evangelism-let it come out of the life, diant with God, it has lost its function in human as the perfume comes from the rose. As missionsociety. The whole structure of human life is aries and as Christian workers draw people by resting upon that subtle, intangible thing called your deeds. But do not speak about it." character. And when the character breaks, the confidence breaks, and when the confidence breaks Witness of Lips and Life the country breaks. If the Christian Church cannot so present Jesus Chris,t and His Gospel so as There is something valuable in this suggestion. to make men and women of Christlike character, The West has organized religion too much around if any religion does not make bad men good, it words. Our places of worship are called "audihas lost its right to exist. We have, therefore, no toriums." Our services are services of song, prayapologies for trying to produce conversion. We er, speech-words. Somebody asked a Chinese believe that wherever men and women and in- what he thought of the Christian religion. He dividuals and nations expose themselves recep- said, "It is a very talkative religion." There is tively to Jesus Christ, their conversion does take something in what he says. Gandhi snid, "Let us place to the degree that He is received. have a moratorium on words." There is some- thing in his objections-but not everything. "We want to do something deeper and more fundamental than proselytizing." Conversion is Jesus Christ did use the rose-perfume method. not only the conversion of an individual-that "He went about doing good." He did good beconversion is as far extended as human need. cause men needed it, and the resources of His Just as' there can be sin in the individual will, heart were big enough to meet that need. He went there can be sin in the collective will. Shall we about doing good, but He did more than that. He rescue the wounded in war or strike at the war interpreted words by acts. The words of His lips system, too? Shall we pick up the drunkards or and the deeds of His life were one. They caJrne tostrike at the liquor traffic, too? The Christian gether like the words and music of a song. His Gospel reapplied would mean a conversion, not deeds were words and His words were deeds, and merely of the individual, but of the sum total of they all came together and became the Living human life. Conversion-the Kingdom of God Word. coming-replacing the present world order, founded as it is on exploitations and on unbroth- We would say to Mahatma Gandhi, If we are erliness-we could replace by an order founded true to Christ we will invest this message with on good will, the Brotherhood of Man under the the sum total of our lives, and that includes our Fatherhood of God. This is the conversion for words. It is only when our words are rooted in which the Kingdom of God stands. facts that we dare speak them.

The Christian life is primarily not an attain- A man came to' me in India and said, "Why do ment, but an obtainment. The gift of God came to you go after people to baptize them?" I replied, me when I had nothing to offer except my bank- "I don't. They come to ask me to baptize them. I ruptcy. I came to Jesus Christ hurt, confused, put no label on a man that does not correspond to bankrupt. I offered Him what I had, and to my an inward fact." The man who has the reality utter amazement and astonishment He took me, has a right to outwardly proclaim it and to enjoy forgave me, cleansed me, loosed me from the old any group where it will be cultivated. The inbonds, set my soul singing its way down these ward without the outward is also hypocrisy. The years. By His grace was I made whole. life, speaking one thing, has a right to live it out.

I dare to speak of that because I simply am lay- But somebody offers one final objection: ing at His feet the tribute of my gratitude and "Aren't they getting along well enough without my life. I could not keep silence without denying Jesus Christ?"

I can not find anyone anywhere getting along well enough without Jesus Christ in East or West.

1938J THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

I cannot do it. In fellowship with Him I truly thirsty and ye gave me drink; I was sick and ye live. I go to the nations of the East because they are a part of the world, not because they are not visited me; in prison, and ye came to me." most degraded but because they are brother men. "Lord," they say, "when saw we ye hungry or A man said to me, "How do you talk to theos- thirsty? Sick or in prison? We never saw Thee 6phists?" I don't-I talk to people. And I don't this way." And the Master says "Inasmuch as go to speak to Hindus and Mohammedans-I go to speak to men with the same inward needs that ye have done it unto one of the least of these, ye I have. I do not go to the people of the East be- 'cause they are the worst of the world, I go to have done it unto Me." . them because they are men for whom Christ died. That, it seems to me, is the legitimate reason for Who is it that is hungry in the hunger of the going. There are degradations in the East just as there are degradations in the West. As I have world? The Christ hungers again. Who is it that sat in round-table conferences and heard noble is bound with the shackles of custom and sin and men tell what religion was meaning or not mean- evil? In them Christ is still bound? At the Cross ing to them, I have come to the conclusion that not only any man at his worst needs Christ, but He gathered all up into His own heart, until every man at his finest and best needs Him. Christ and the human soul were made for each other just as man's trouble became His trouble, and every the lungs were made for air, the eyes for light, the man's pain His pain, and every man's sin His heart for love, and the esthetic nature for beauty. Jesus Christ and the human soul were made for sin. He bore it in His own body upon the Tree. each other, and when we find Him we find not There, it seems to me, is the meaning of the unionly the Way of Life, but Life itself. I desperately wish everyone to have that life. verse. There is the meaning of Life. We live in proportion as we respond with deeper and deeper The Cross and the Motive sensitiveness. This is the test by which we can If I were to point out the deepest places where my missionary motive is found, I would point to judge. a Cross. For the Cross, to me, is the place where I see deepest into the universe. There the uni- How much life is there in our churches? That verse turns redemptive, forgiving all, bearing all, is the great question that comes home to us. healing all, and turning the whole of life into tri- Judge by this standard. Many churches are about umph. It is at the Cross where we see the heart the spiritual level of the vegetable. Dead beets, of the missionary passion, for there is the place of the heartbreak of God. There is where love, pure, if you will. No sensitiveness beyond themselves, holy love, comes into contact with words, sign and need. There we begin to see love reaching and proud of that fact. The missionary moveout as far as the human need, and taking all into ment, with all its faults (and it has many) is the God's own heart bearing all and forgiving all. reaching up of arms and saying, "We are trying Someone has defined "Life" as "sensitiveness." to be Christian; we are trying to be sensitive on It is a great definition. The lower down the scale of living you go the less sensitiveness you find. a world scale, and in trying to do so we are be- The stone is numb; there is no life. The plant ginning to try to catch something of the passion has some sensitiveness, therefore some life. The animal has more, therefore more life. When you that our Lord and Master held." I cannot see come to Man you find the sensitiveness ranging out beyond itself, beyond its group, its nation, and how we can keep that passion in our hearts and to God and the larger life reaches out to man. The more sensitiveness, the more life. The high- not reach out to the last man everywhere. est, greatest life that has been lived upon our planet, is Jesus Christ. There we find the su- The moment I rose the day I was converted I preme sensitiveness. On the last day He will say, felt an impulse in my heart that I had never "Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundations of known before. Five minutes before I had had no the world. I was hungered and ye fed me; I was such impulse. The impulse was that I wanted to share with everybody, and put my arms around the world arid share the Gospel with everybody. My missionary motive today is that; deepened, broadened, but still there. I do not see any place to stop witnessing this side of the last human being. This desire should be held in the heart as a great consuming power. The center of the whole thing is the heart. I believe that such a passion shows the heartbeat of Jesus Christ. In Him is enough power to heal the individual, the social, the eco- nomic, the political needs of the world. I know no other power.

Jesus Christ stands and says, "Come unto Me and enter My Kingdom." Are you willing to make inward surrender of your whole self to Him -your money, your brain, your hand, your life? If so you will follow Him and your life will never be the same. You will have new joy and freedom and power.

of the Churches in

By REV. AKIRA EBISAW A, Tokyo, Japan ExecutitJe Secretary of the National Christian Council of Japan T HE Christian churches of Japan have made It may sound strange for us to speak of such striking progress in the brief time since the a radical change. But every living organism is opening of missions here in 1859. From the destined to grow and is subject to vital changes. very early days these churches have been charac- We believe in the God of Creation, who works terized by a self-governing church polity, pro- even today. We cannot measure the creative moted under the leadership of missionary and work of God in terms of the status quo or hold Japanese leaders. the idea that there can be no development of new We realize, however, that the Christian Church features in the realm of the Church. We should in Japan is not yet fully established. It is only hope and expect that a newly emerging Christian partially represented by the communions trans- Church will develop new forms in a new environplanted to Japanese soil from the Western World. ment.

While the various denominational churches The organization, methodology, and functions represent very important branches of the Body of of the churches in the field must be defined in the Christ, with their historic characteristics, yet light of their environment, they should be rethese divisions often seem meaningless and are a organized so as to accord with the national trastumbling block to the Oriental mind. Japanese dition and be adapted to their indigenous cultural do not understand why the Christian churches are heritage. thus divided. Many things need to be re-examined. For in- Very serious problems are confronting the stance in Japan, the custom of religious congrechurches in the Japan field at present. The en- gational public worship never existed until the vironment of these churches, influenced by the Christian church service was introduced. Our cultural heritage of the nation, is necessarily in- forefathers were accustomed to individual worfluencing their inner life. ship ·and to occasional festivals. Thus the Roman Catholic form of worship seems better adapted to The age-long struggle of the Western churches our people than the Protestant congregational of Europe against the Greco-Roman materialistic services. Moreover, offerings in connection with humanism is being repeated to some extent even public worship have been alien to our people. in Japan. Bushido emphasized the virtue of righteousness Generally speaking, churches in the Orient are and sacrifice and disdained utilitarianism. It placed in an environment characterized by vari- looked with contempt upon the motive of personal ous forms of culture and by the presence of the profit and gain. Little wonder that even in this other great ethnic religions. This brings new fea- highly economic-minded age there are people who tures into the struggle which the Oriental young- think that it is not pious nor Christian to speak er churches are experiencing. This presents a of monetary matters during a religious service or new problem to the churches in this field and right even to take the purse to the house of wor- gives hope and promise that the outcome will be ship.

the enrichment of their inner life. Although gradually the Western industrial These considerations suggest that some intrin- order is affecting and destroying the old social sic value must be developed on the part of these system and is replacing it with an individualistic churches that will adapt them to the cultural mode of life, the family system still has a strong heritage and social environment in their native hold on the life of the Japanese. This makes it fields, without losing anything of their Christian customary for only the head of the family to en- character. joy economic independence, the other members It must be admitted that we should re-examine all being dependent. As a result the system of and re-evaluate our church organization, its meth- offerings by individual members of a church is ods of activity and its relationships, in the light almost meaningless.

of the national cultural tradition and the chang- Creative imagination on the part of Western ing environment. people, inspired by religious insight, has erected [532 ] such wonderful structures as St. Paul's Cathedral lives. This often makes the distinction between and Notre Dame. But why should Christian Christians and non-Christians obscure and insigchurch architecture throughout the world con- nificant. form to Gothic forms or wholly Western style? The New Testament conception of the church The lack of a strong devotional motive makes does not indicate such patterns. It rather sug- many feel that it is a burden to bear the respongests that the Church universal is composed of sibility of rendering service and giving in supsmall units, meeting in the homes of the believers. port of the Church. Another excuse, which has some truth in it, is that the Church at present is The Church universal, as an ideal spiritual so- dealing with things that are too trifling as comciety, must be made clear to the mind of con- pared with the momentous matters which are agitemporary Christians, especially of the younger tating humanity. This does not appeal to the imchurches. This is well defined by Dr. Wm. A. agination nor sound the depths of life for minds Brown, as follows: that are alert.

It must never be suffered to obscure the fact that the In view of these unhealthy tendencies, we are Church of Christ exists today as definite body in the per- endeavoring to promote an interest on the part sons of the men and women who have been touched by of church members in the training of the laity for His spirit, and who live for the ends which He approves. voluntary evangelism and in Christian steward- This spiritual society, creating institutions, but not it- ship as features of our Nation-Wide Union Evanself perfectly comprehended or expressed by any, is the gelistic Campaign. true Church of Christ. (Brown: "Christian Theology in Outline," Ch. V. p. 59.) Self-Support and Self-Government The members of the Re-Thinking Missions Self-support and self-government on the part Commission define the Church in a way which of the churches have usually been taken as synwill help to clarify the conception of the Chris- onymous among Christian people throughout the tians in the field regarding it. world. A clear distinction should be made be- tween them. A Christian's property belongs to The Church is to be thought of as a spiritual fellow- God and God's money may be used anywhere for ship and communion of those who have found a new His Kingdom without reference to racial or naspring of life and power by the impact of the Christian tional differences. message, who are eager to join together as a living, growing body of believers through whom the ideals and the A policy of self-government is imperative for spirit of Christ can be transmitted and His principles of the churches in the field if we wish them to devellife promoted, then that type of Church will always have op as the Church of Christ. But the problem of a function in the work of building the Kingdom of God self-support must be considered in the light of the whether on the mission field or at home. ("Re-Thinking activities and functions of the church. Some Missions," Ch. V. p. 109.) churches tend to overemphasize self-support, with the result that the local churches crystallize Owing to the lack of proper training in such a into small-sized organizations, with no possibility fundamental conception of the Church, the young- of an expanding life and influence necessary for er churches are facing a grave danger at present. self-propagation. It is a pity to see dwarfed or That danger is the general trend among the crippled local churches losing their activities Christians of growing indifference toward the and ceasing to appeal to the general public. organized churches. Forced self-support does not prove to be self- Among the causes that have contributed to this support at all. It often means that the pastor is tendency, we mention a few for which we should obliged to support himself by some form of side feel responsibility. The Japanese have a feeling work. It is a mistake to demand self-support of distaste for the too highly institutionalized without considering the real strength of the local church life which tends to give the impression church as related to its environment. The church, that it is too conventional and has an artificiality in the New Testament meaning, should be organwhich bears a secular flavor. ized in every small town and village and even in the homes of the believers. This tendency may also be due to the fact that the churches are losing their strong leaders in Owing to an overemphasis on self-support on the ministry. This may seem partly inevitable in the one hand, and to a lack of the conception of these days because of the greatly changed social Christian stewardship-the training for which is environment as compared with the pioneer days quite new among the younger churches-on the when the missionary and indigenous leaders were other, many local churches are suffering greatly conspicuous figures. It must be admitted that because of the economic problem. The result is consciously or unconsciously contemporary Chris- that churches tend to be governed by the motive tians are influenced by the secular, materialistic, of group egoism while the individual church individual thought, and are losing the idealistic, self-forgetting, sacrificial motive in their daily

members themselves are likewise influenced by activities necessary to meet the needs of the compersonal egoism. munity at large and can fulfill their responsibility as witnessing churches. We must continually re- Many economic problems are at present con- mind Christians of the fundamental unified charfronting the younger churches. In Oriental acter of the churches of the different communions homes, where the traditional family system pre- in accordance with the conception of the Church vails, the father, as the wage earner, usually defined by Dr. William Adams Brown. holds the purse and other members of the family get money from him. Yet the Protestant As the religious society which finds its bond of union Churches, in spite of this traditional Japanese in Jesus of Nazareth, the Church is one. . . . Beneath custom are supported on the basis of individual the outward divisions and misunderstandings which sepcontributions, in accordance with the custom in arate different bodies of Christians there is a common Western lands. religious experience which is shared by all whose lives are lived under the influence of the Master, and which Another problem perplexing city churches is unites in sympathy, labor, and prayer, good men in every the fact that, owing to changes in the environ- branch of the Church. It is ,this common religious life, ment, members are moving to the suburbs and it uniting in spiritual fellowship men of different ecclesiasis becoming increasingly difficult to bring the tical names and of none, which is the real foundation of family to the mother church every Sunday be- the unity of the Church. (Brown: "Christian Theology cause of the transportation costs and other ex- in Outline," p. 59.) penses. Notwithstanding these difficulties, it is an encouraging fact that the annual giving of the There is also the problem of church union. churches in Japan in recent years. amounts to "Divided churches cannot conquer the unified about 2,500,000 yen, or 12.50 yen per capita. This world." The way to win the world is to consoliis a good ratio when compared with the reported date the Church's divided forces, under the leadgiving of New York church members last year. ership and power of the Spirit of God.

Another problem is the question as to what con- In Japan we have been carrying forward a stitutes real cooperation between older and study regarding a basis for union ever since 1925. younger churches? Of course cooperation, through We have been swung back and forth over the fellowship or in conferences, does not begin problem of a creed. Our people now seem to realwhere financial support from the church at the ize that to begin by planning for organic union home base is cut off. Real f!'lllowship and cooper- will get us nowhere. There must first be spiritation can be established without regard to finan- ual unity in Christ. We are now inclined to start cial relations. Younger churches can not be said with a federated union as has been the case with to cooperate satisfactorily with the older churches the Church of Christ in China. Dr. Stanley Jones at the home base as long as they exist on a poor has suggested a similar procedure. economic level and with a crippled independence. Real cooperation should begin when the younger We see a possibility for the realization of churches on th~ field are able to maintain the Christian union if we proceed along this line for the coming ten-year period by uniting in work which has no direct concern with a creed.

GOD CHOOSES BUSY MEN FOR HIS WORK When God has work to be done we notice that He almost always goes to those who are al- ready at work. Both his,tory and the Bible attest this truth.

Moses was tending his flocks at Horeb when God called him to deliver the people of Is- rael from bondage in Egypt.

Gideon was threshing wheat by the wine press when God called him to deliver Israel from the Midianites.

David was caring for his father's sheep w hen he was called to succeed Saul as king.

Elisha was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen when he was called to succeed Elijah as prophet of God in Israel. .

Nehemiah was bearing the king's cup when he was called to go to rebuild Jerusalem.

Amos was attending the flock when he was summoned to be a prophet of God.

Peter and Andrew were casting a net into the sea when Christ called them to become fishers of men.

Matthew was collecting customs when he was called to be a disciple.

Saul was persecuting the church when he was commissioned to be a missionary of Christ.

William Carey was mending shoes when he heard the call to be a foreign missionary.

for the Church in India*

By B. L. RALLIA RAM, ESQ.

Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, Lahore CHRISTIAN influence has streamed into In- the word "church" in this article refers to the dia in four different channels: sum-total of all the "churches," for, with all the First: According to the traditions of divergent doctrines, traditions and practices, they the Syrian Church Christianity was originally do owe allegiance to one Lord and Master and preached in India, by the Apostle St. Thomas, in unitedly proclaim His name. In spite of the ex- the states of Travancore and Cochin, early in the istence of many "churches," there is yet an entity, Christian Era. The Church thus established, how- intangible though it may seem, which may be ever, was not alive to its missionary obligations. called "The Church of Christ in India."

It was handicapped by the political situation and The "Christian Community" consists of mem- by lack of communications so that its influence bers of the Christian churches and those who was confined to a small section of the country. nominally belong to the Christian community, Considerably weakened by divisions and internal having been born in homes known as Christian. disputes, in some respects it followed too closely According to the present political constitution of some of the painfully dark episodes in the history India, "The Christian Community" is a separate of the Church elsewhere. political entity with rights of special representa- tion in the national and provincial legislatures Second: In the Sixteenth Century the Portu- through voting constituencies of its own. This gese Roman Catholics inaugurated an era of rapid implies that in many places it is also a separate Christianization of India. Under their influence social entity. the work of St. Francis Xavier and the Jesuites in South India met with an apparent success. The This system leads to unfortunate results. It is, means used to convert people were not, however, however, gratifying to note that there are many always fair and honest. The Church in India un- Christian leaders who regret this political isolatil recently was preponderatingly Roman Cath- tion imposed by the award of the government. olic, but the Protestant influence has been There is an increasing number of Indian Chrissteadily increasing. and the Protestant Christians tians who are working shoulder to shoulder with now are numerically more than the Roman Cath- their countrymen for general social, political and olics. moral improvement. Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, the talented daughter of the late Sir Raja Harnam Third: Early in the Eighteenth Century a Prot- Singh (a notable Christian convert from the famestant mission arrived in the South of India un- ily of a ruling chief), is the acknowledged leader der the inspiration of the King of Denmark, with of the Women's Movement in India. Two of the the financial help of an Anglican society. Its per- trusted lieutenants of Mahatma Gandhi, in charge sonnel was German. The large Lutheran Church of two of his important social and economic deof South India, the United Church of South India, partments, are Indian Christians. From this it the Anglican Church with its several dioceses will be seen that in common usage the term "Inare the direct result of this pioneering mission. dian Church" is sometimes applied to the com- munity known to the political and social life as Fourth: A century later groups of Protestant "The Indian Christians." missionaries were sent at short intervals by the English Baptists, the Church Missionary Society, Here we are mainly concerned with the organand the London Missionary Society. They were ized Christian Churches, though the second consoon reinforced by Americans and others. Thus ception associated with the term "Indian Church" there are now several Evangelical Christian cannot altogether be avoided. churches deeply rooted in the soil of India.

Technically there is no one Christian CHURCH Characteristics of the Church in India in India, but a large number of "churches." But It is impossible to deal here adequately with the • Mr. Basil Mathew gives a significant title to one of his recent CsauhbfuJe'rewccht .aosfpeCchtsrisotf in India. We can refer only to books "The Church Takes Root in India." This happy phrase aptly a very large and complicated describes the present position of the Christian Church in India.

B. L. R. A.

[ 5351

Except for the church in Malabar, the Church agating Churches." It is essential, therefore, that of Christ in India owes its existence to the labors the help from abroad should be so used as to of missionaries sent out by the churches of the achieve this ideal as speedily as possible. It is West. These "sending churches" have been main- universally recognized now that the ultimate suc- ly responsible for the nourishment and the devel- cess in Christianizing India must depend upon the opment of the Church in India. Each church is efforts of the indigenous Church itself. It alone dependant still upon their "mother" church for can be a truly effective witness to the Indians of help. Missionaries play an important role in the the saving power of Christ. Its life of witness life of the Church. Financial help is given to will win India for Christ. The most important maintain its indigenous ministry and its institu- aspect, therefore, of the development of the tions and forms of service. The different churches Church is its response to the challenge to evan- are in various stages of development. gelism.

In main there are two kinds of church organ- The Church and Evangelism izations: Some churches have already become When the missions were first started it was autonomous, though not fully self-supporting. In considered necessary to employ paid Indian evan- the South, a strong "South India United Church" gelists, and to keep them under their own control. includes the Presbyterian and Congregational. This system may have been necessary in the ear- Corresponding to it there is a similar "United lier stages, but its continued and prolonged ex- Church of North India." The Church of India, Burma and Ceylon, which is in fellowship with istence is likely to mitigate against the fulfilment of the legitimate work of the Church itself. the World-wide Anglican Communion, has attained its independence by an Act of the British In some places, the mission is separately organ- , Parliament. These and several other churches are ized as an evangelistic agency, with its own Inautonomous; they are in full communion with dian workers, while the Church is left with the the corresponding churches of the West and are pastoral work. While missionaries can exert receiving help from them. their influence (and sometimes unduly large in- fluence) in the matters left to the Church, the Other churches are exemplified by the Meth- mission policy remains the sole concern of the odist Episcopal Church and the United Presby- mission. This often creates a strain, acting adterian Church. They still form a part of the versely on the spiritual life of the Church, and American churches and their highest court is out- consequently weakens the sense of evangelistic side India. These churches are being given an responsibility. But there is an increasing realizaincreased measure of responsibility, without the tion of this danger and the systems are being final authority. We do not seek to evaluate the overhauled and adjusted so as to throw the rerelative merits of these two systems. sponsibility of evangelization upon all the lay membership of the Church, where it rightfully Christianity in India reflects the character of belongs. the churches of the West, to which the churches in India owe an everlasting debt, not only for their existence, but also for support and guidance. Next in importance to evangelization, is the This dependence of the Church in India on the responsibility of the Church for its own life and Western churches has also been responsible for the administration of its own institutions as a many difficult problems. In some ways it has "self-propagating and self-governing" Church. handicapped the Church, and it has retarded The responsibility for administration is somehealthy growth. This was inevitable. On the one times related to the financial support it can prohand the Church in India could not have reached vide for the maintenance of the enterprise, and it its present stage without help; on the other hand is mistakenly contended that self-government and it has grown under the shadow of a large tree self-support are inter-dependent. Such a mechanwith an apparent loss of spontaneity. This has ical system tends to make the Church dependent upon material resources rather than upon spiritstunted its stature. The danger has lain and still lies in the way ual realities.

this help is given. Very often an undue stress is A recent conference held on "Self-Support" at laid on the financial relationship between the Nagpur, under the auspices of the National Chris- Churches of India and the Western Churches. tian Council, provides a Iseful study for those While this relationship is of great importance, in who are interested in this problem.

the last analysis it is not the vital factor. There The Churches of Christ in the world must al- has been considerable progress in "self-support" ways be interdependant and, therefore, depend- of the Churches of India. ence of the Church in India upon other Churches, From the early stages of their work, missions in itself is not wrong provided care is taken that have set before themselves the goal of creating this dependence does not inflict a moral injury "self-governing, self-supporting, and self-prop- and stunt the growth of a healthy normal plant.

OUTLOOK FOR THE CHURCH IN INDIA

There are some dangers to which the Church India. Recently surveys have been made into the of India is exposed at the present time: economic conditions of the Christian community in several parts of the country. Some of these There is a danger that the Church may in fu- surveys have been undertaken at the initiative of ture be entirely in the hands of an hierachy of the National Missionary Society. A study of these the clergy and other paid workers. While it is is most instructive. Dr. E. D. Lucas and Mr. the privilege of the ministry of the Church to Frank Thakur Dass made an economic enquiry teach, to guide and to serve, the spiritual driving into the conditions of the community in Pasrur power must come through spirit-filled laity; un- Tehsil in the Punjab and discovered that the avertil the lay element are given their due share in age income of a Christian family of five is about the government of the Church, and in the forma- $40 a year, or $3.50 a month. It is the glory of tion of its ideals, the Church can never achieve its the Christian Church that it has brought the mesobject. sage of release from the bondage to these poor people. That the Church in India is poor is not Business and professional men are not exerting a reproach, but is a matter for thankfulness. the degree of influence in affairs of the Church to Problems arising out of this fact, however, must which they are entitled. This needs to be cor- be courageously faced. Is economic poverty in acrected. cordance with the mind of Christ? Is not this problem of the extreme poverty of Christian vil- It is possible that the help of men and women lage communities a challenge to the Church? from abroad may be used in such a way as to hamper rather than help the emergence of a truly The Church in India Is a Growing Church independent Church. It is a significant fact that there have been no heresies developed in the India is one of those countries where populachurches of India. This probably means that tion is increasing rapidly. This creates a national there has been no independent thinking in the problem. Every community, in a natural way, is Church itself. The Church has produced many increasing. In 10 years (1921-1931) the poppersons who by their ability and spiritual leader- ulation of India increased by 14 per cent, but ship have taken their places in the front rank; but the Christian community and the membership of there is an urgent call for more leaders who are the Christian Church is increasing much faster. able to think and act independently in accordance During the decade 1921-31, the increase of the with the highest principles. The best way that Indian Christian community, according to the help from abroad can be given is to train and re- natural process, should have been 157,355, but it lease Christian personalities who will take the actually was 1,542,684. This has been true in responsibility of guiding the Church in India. every census report.

The life and work of men 'like the Bishop of Since 1931 reports from the churches reveal the Dornakal and the late Mr. K. T. Paul have done fact that a large number of people are continuing more to establish the Christian Church in India to turn to Christ through mass movements. These than the work of many a foreign worker. movements, well described by Bishop Pickett, are no longer from the lowest strata of society only, New Challenge but in certain sections, particularly in the diocese of Dornakal and the Nizam's Dominion, groups The Church in India may become exclusively from the highest castes of Hinduism are also ennational and conservative. The Church in the tering in the Christian Church. This welcome en- West is being confronted with a new challenge by largement of the Church in India must bring new the problems of the modern world. It is being challenges and many new problems. forced to rethink and relive, and to rededicate. The Church in India is, to a considerable extent, Conversion to Christianity in this way of large outside the currents of new thoughts. Its con- groups is fraught with many dangers and if the tact with <Ecumenical movements of the present Church in India does not have the resources to age is meager. If it is to fulfill its destiny, and if give adequate teaching and to provide essential it is to discharge its God-given responsibility, its opportunities for the nourishment and developgrowth must be harmonious and not lopsided. In ment of their Christian life, the Indian Church true and unwaning fidelity to Christ and His may well sink into lower depths. It might easily teaching it must assimilate all that is best and become another religious system. Thus while the challenging in its great heritage of the history of mass movements are providing great encouragethe Church throughout the ages, the spiritual ment they are potentially also the source of great heritage of India, and also the stirring of the danger. spirit in modern times. At the present time the Christian community in The Church of India is poor in comparison with India is only one per cent of the total population. the churches of other countries. It is poor in There is still a vast field to be evangelized by the comparison with other religious communities in

Christian enterprise, but its greatest opportunity greatest opportunity it will be a tragedy. On the does not come from that side alone. As a result of other hand if the Church is faithful to its message the recent world forces a new nation has been and can serve its country with the spirit and zeal born in India pulsating with life and anxiously of the Master, then India will make a contribudesirous to make its contribution to world civil- tion to the world whose importance cannot be exization and world culture. India is beginning to aggerated. There are tremendous possibilities for think in world terms and looks upon itself in the the future. setting of a new world. In India the Christian Church is face to face with three or four virile, The World Conference at Tambaram (Madras) aggressive religious systems with their conflict- comes at one of the critical periods of the history ing doctrines of life and action. Will the future of mankind. It is to be hoped that this ingatherof India be guided and moulded by these philos- ing of the leaders of the Christian enterprise from ophies or will the life-giving principles of Christ all the world will release a new Spiritual force give to her a new way of life and action? The which will not only give to the Church in India answer to this question must depend upon the a new vision and new power but we pray that its work and witness of the Churches in India. If clarion call for advance in the name of Christ the Church fails its motherland in the hour of her will penetrate effectively the harassed countries of the Western as well as the Eastern world.

A Saintly Surgeon of India The Story of Sir William Wanless of Mira; By MARGARET McKELLAR, M.D., LL.D.

Toronto, Ontario Missionary to India under the United Church of Canada SOMEONE has said: "If the Taj Mahal is a times Dr. Wanless was decorated by the British dream in marble the Wanless Hospital is a Government, in 1913 receiving the silver Kaiser- dream in the art of healing." Affection for i-hind medal, in 1920 the gold medal and in 1928 a royal spouse was the incentive for the one; love the late King George V conferred upon him the for the Lord Jesus Christ and suffering humanity rank and title of Knight Bachelor of the British was the incentive of the other. Empire, (K.B.E.). These honors were conferred for his distinguished services and humanitarian Multitudes of people traveled thousands of work for the people of India. miles to reach this Mecca of healing. They came not only from India, but from Iran, Iraq, and I landed in India shortly after Dr. Wanless first other countries. arrived. After forty years of medical service, we both left our respective stations within a few Wanless was a household word in many parts months of each other. We worked together in the of India. It is said that more Indian people knew All-India Christian Medical Association, of which the name of the Saintly Surgeon of Miraj than he was the organizer and secretary, then presknew even the name of the Viceroy. If a fellow ident for seventeen years. One day I found mytraveler said that he was going to Miraj you could self in his home, with the late Dr. Arthur Neve of assume that he was going to "Wanless" for the Kashmir and Dame Edith Brown of Ludhiananames were synonymous. both famous surgeons. They were discussing with Sir William the respective merits of certain opera- Sir William James Wanless is a name destined tions, e.g., Colonel Smith's cataract extraction for to live among the names of the world's great sur- which Sir William himself had designed an ingeons, not only in India, where he worked out his strument for extracting .the lens. Today this is on earthly life's purpose with a heavenly meaning, the market as the "Wanless extractor." It was but in the Hall of Fame, established by the Uni- apparent that Sir William had a thorough familversity of New York. He received his medical iarity with the technique of the different varieties degree from that University in 1889, shortly be- of operations. Other members of the medical profore he went to India. In 1916 he became a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Three

A SAINTLY SURGEON OF INDIA

fession, British medical service men and mission- Although Dr. Wanless and I were stationed aries, all had confidence in his wisdom and skill. some six hundred miles apart, I took many Euro- pean patients to Miraj for operations. These In response to my question as to how he kept were 100 per cent successful. his surgical instruments from rusting, Sir William answered: "I use them"; and he did to At Miraj operations were the order of the day, splendid purpose. For his skill in surgery he was usually from noon until hours after lamplight, called the "Wizard of India." Even non-Christians when all the cases were finished, with no break except for afternoon tea, served in the operating STAFF AND STUDENTS OF THE MEDWAL SCHOOL, MIRAJ room annex. Foreign staft, seated. Left to Right: Dr. Vail, Dr. Inglis Frost, In the operating theater, Sir William was Rev. R. C. Richardson, Dr. W. J. Wanless. scrupulously observant of antiseptic precautions and would brook no carelessness on the part of recognized his Christlike example and called him his medical assistants or of visiting doctors. I "The Saintly Surgeon." saw him ruffled only twice. Once when defective forceps were flung on the floor and the other time One Indian patient, on being asked why he had when a visiting doctor placed on the tray of sterpassed by Bombay where there are many good ilized instruments an instrument that had been in hospitals and physicians, replied: "Because I was touch with an infected area. told that Dr. Wanless prays before he operates." There is no cemetery for surgical patients at- Once I saw a grateful patient, a mother, whose tached to Miraj Hospital! life he had saved when there was "no hope" for her, kiss him much to his surprise. Often Hindus Like D. L. Moody, our beloved Saintly Surgeon endeavored to kneel and kiss his feet. was a general. He was quick to grasp the situa- tion. He was a man of few words-many deeds. Sir William was not a surgeon who specialized on one organ-the whole body was his field of After one critical operation, an aggrieved nurse operation. He was equally successful in cataract asked him, "Why did you shout at me when you extractions, and in abdominal surgery, hence wanted that instrument? I feel very badly about there flocked to his hospital patients from far i.t. " and near; princes and paupers, high and low caste-for he did not discriminate; their need of "Did I shout?" he gently replied, "I am very his skill was their passport. The low-castes and sorry. All I thought about was to save that womuntouchables received the same care as did Ma- an's life!" hatma Gandhi or the rajahs. One of the 400 missionaries, who had been his Even children recognized and trusted his skill. patients, said to me: "I had to take my turn on Two mission-school children were overheard in a heated quarrel. When one could not have things CLINIC BUILDING AT THE MIRAJ HOSPITAL as she wanted, she said: "I'll cut your head off!" To this the other answered, "I don't care if you the operating table but with the greatest assurdo; I'll go to Dr. Wanless and he will put it on ance, knowing that I had for my surgeon one of again !" international fame. Night after night, as I lay in the cottage which had been built as a memorial People had such confidence in him that they to Mary Wanless, I would hear the brisk step of came without fear of the surgical knife. A poor the doctor and could see the flicker of light from village man, who could not understand that his his small lantern cross my window and my door. was an inoperable case, came to the doctor's bun- It was eleven o'clock, and he was returning home .galow and with tears streaming down his face said, "Doctor-saheb says he won't operate on me. Please, memsaheb, tell the doctor to do operation on me."

after making his bedtime rounds at the hospital. When the message reached me, the one day There had been many patients to see, just fresh train had already left for Miraj and there would that day from the operating table. He had done be no other for hours. Miraj was 30 miles distant his best and we knew that he prayed for them, and the road, in those days, was atrocious. The commending them to the One who slumbers not only missionary car in town was an old decrepit nor sleeps. They were committed to the keeping affair and could not be depended on to make the of the Great Physician. journey. I went in search of another car that I thought might be borrowed from the State. I Sir William won the warm friendship of His went first to get the antitoxin and then drove on Highness Shahu Maharajah of Kolhapur, who to the large State bungalow used by His Highness was ever ready to further the Miraj medical work as an office. by his generous gifts of land and money. Dr. Mary Stewart Marshall tells the following story A sepoy patrol with his gun paced in front of the State bungalow. He saluted and stepped up to SHRISHAHU CHHATROPATI MAHARAJA OF KOLHAPUR the car to ask my errand. I explained that Dr. Wanless was critically ill and that a request had of Royalty voluntarily running errands for a mis- come for medicine. I would like to ask His Highsionary. During the "cold season" of 1916-17 ness to send it as soon as possible by a State car. word reached Kolhapur of the serious illness of The guard left me and went to tell the Maharajah. Dr. Wanless. None of us could remember his ever In a few minutes he returned with His Highness, before having been more than slightly incapaci- bareheaded and barefooted, wearing the thin tated. His only American colleague was a young white cotton clothing that comprised his usual medical man who had come out as a short-term costume. With the genial smile that characterized assistant. Naturally, he felt keenly the serious- him, he asked what he might do for me. As I reness of the situation and the heavy responsibility peated the explanation his Highness listened, and resting on his shoulders. A critical throat condi- at once exclaimed: "Dr. Wanless ill? I shall go tion had developed and the younger doctor sent a myself!" With that I gladly handed over the messenger by train to Kolhapur asking me to packet of antitoxin. send at once two tubes of diphtheria antitoxin from the Mary Wanless Hospital, given by the It was office hours for the Maharajah, and the Maharajah because of services rendered by Sir grounds surrounding his office building were William. swarming with State officers and their peons (clerks) wearing the scarlet badge of office. Many no doubt had State business to transact with His Highness. Office hours came to a sudden close that day, and many disappointed politicians no doubt returned home to ponder on the strange ways of their Maharajah. He himself wore many coveted decorations conferred by the British Gov- ernment, including the Grand Commander of the Indian Empire and the Grand Commander of the Star of India, but he was never more kingly than when, with utmost spontaneity, he volunteered to go as messenger for his missionary friend and physician.

Dr. Wanless, after he had recovered, told with a smile of the Maharajah's arrival. He would en- trust the packet to no servant or medical attend- ant, but walked into the sick room with it. The patient was more than a little surprised to see his royal visitor and to hear him say, "Doctor, I my- self have brought you the medicine."

The Maharajah frequently came to witness operations. On one occasion a new nurse, who had not met him before, was on duty and in her vigilence refused him admission, unless (for anti-. septic reasons), he would don a surgical cap and gown. He meekly submitted, but as he was a man six feet tall and weighing 350 pounds, the gown covered a very small area, and the cap looked like

an inverted cup on his large head! The Mahara- In a letter to the Presbyterian Board of Forjah was known as very kind-hearted and as the eign Missions, written during his early years of patient, who was a low-caste man, was being service, Dr. Wanless bemoaned the fact that he wheeled from the room, he pulled from his pocket had closed the year with a $15.00 deficit. He a ten-rupee note and told the attendant to give it added: "Although you have announced a 50 per to the patient. The next patient for operation was cent cut for next year I will try not to let this hapa white man, and when he in turn was being pen again and am praying that friends in this wheeled from the room, the Maharajah asked, "Is country may rise up to help and not let the work he a poor man too?" "Yes," said the doctor with suffer." The prayers were answered! The hosa laugh, "He is just a missionary." pital soon became self-supporting and later al- though it was a Christian mission hospital, it The Maharaja of Kolhapur acknowledged again was supported entirely by Indian money and and again, in public addresses and State papers, three-fourths of its buildings were given by his indebtedness to the mission for benefits con- wealthy non-Christian Indians as memorial buildferred upon his State. The following quotation ings. Such a large gift is unique in mission an- (translated) from a Kolhapur State Public No- nals. tice, issued September, 1919, will illustrate: It is difficult to give an adequate idea of the Be informed that, at all public buildings, charity rest scope of what Sir William accomplished. His was houses, state houses, public government inns, etc., and an heroic adventure, but the end of his endeavor river watering places, public wells, etc., no defilement on justifies his faith in his own conception of what account of any human being is to be taken account of. could be done. He never forgot that he was first Just as in Christian public buildings and public wells, and last and at all times a missionary of Christ. and as Doctor Wanless, in the American Mission, treats He was dedicated soul and body to serve the peoall with the same love, so also here, they are to be treated ple of India and never allowed anything to conas not esteeming any unclean. flict with that career. He believed the work of healing to be a demonstration of the Gospel of Thus he endeavored to raise the status of the Christ's love. He did not talk of the institutions Untouchables of his State. which he had built, but he told of the communities of Christians in the towns where there had been William J. Wanless was born on the edge of a no Christians when he arrived in India. These forest in Ontario, Canada. Twenty-four years lat- towns were medical outstations where work was er this hardy young son of Scotch pioneers was started by graduates of his school, trained in the paving the way for medical missions in the prim- art of healing both soul and body. These dispenitive native Indian state of Miraj. Contrast the saries, in the districts eighteen to sixty miles dishumble beginnings in his medical work-a shack tant, developed into hospitals and churches with used as a dispensary and an operating table of growing Christian communities. Sir William rough boards made by the doctor himself-with often spoke of the joy in serving communion in the present! On his retirement his great heart one of these on the last Sabbath before his retireand skillful hands left the largest medical plant ment. of all missions in India. It consisted of four great institutions-a hospital with six branch hospitals, In an address, delivered at one of the many a medical school, a leper asylum, and a tubercu- farewells, in his honor, a non-Christian said: losis sanitarium. One and a half million patients had passed through the doors of hospital and dis- You have been a missionary in the truest sense of the pensary, and thousands of operations performed word and have ennobled the traditions of that high callannually. In the Miraj Medical School scores of ing. Your work of healing has always been subordinate Christian young men have been trained to practice to the Gospel message and you have rejoiced far more medicine and to preach the Gospel of Christ and over a regenerated soul than a regenerated body. India are working in mission hospitals in various parts needs saintly surgeons like you, who can lead her away of the country. It is the only mission medical from the whirlpools of political strife to the quiet waters school for men in all India. Being affiliated with of spiritual development and useful service in the cause the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bom- of humanity. bay, the degrees are conferred by that institution. While those skillful hands are at rest, the soul The Leper Asylum cares for 250 lepers annual- of Sir William goes marching on. "His works do ly and 50 per cent of them have become Christians. follow him." "This great medical plant," writes They have their own organized church. The Sir a Board Secretary, "stands as a permanent me- William Wanless Tuberculosis Sanitarium was morial of an eminently useful service for Christ given its name by Sir Leslie Wilson, then Gover- and the people of India. This is his monument." nor of Bombay. Funds for site and buildings were raised entirely in India by. Sir William and was Small wonder that Britain knighted the Saintly opened by him in 1931. Surgeon, or that India mourned when he was called to his reward.

Children's Page; Tomi Ko

By VIOLET WOOD, Missionary Education Movement TOMI KO SAN was a Japanese girl in an Mr. Finney took out his wallet and handed his American grammar school. All week she tennis permit to the clerk, saying: "I don't want studied hard in public school. On Saturdays to play on a tennis court that is closed to my litshe went to a Japanese Christian school and on tle friend, Tomi. I wish to return my permit."

Sundays attended an American Sunday school. Joseph, Julia and Mary looked at each other.

When Tomi's best friends-Joseph, Mary and They had waited so long for permits of their own, Julia-talked of getting tennis rackets she it seemed impossible to give them up.

wanted one, too, and persuaded her father, who "What could we do about it?" they thought.

kept an Oriental art shop, to buy one for her. Then Tomi said quietly: Then Tomi and her friends studied the rules of "Mr. Finney, you are doing what our Sunday- the game, and practiced in the back yard. When school teacher talked about last Sunday, loving the four of them thought they knew the game, your neighbor as yourself."

they went with Joseph's father to get permits to Joseph, too, had listened to that same lesson play on the public courts. and remembered how Jesus had always been The four children sat on the bench in the wait- ready to help people in trouble. Joseph began to ing room of the Town Hall while Mr. Finney wonder how he would feel if he were Tomi.

(Joseph's father) spoke to the clerk. They were Finally he gave his new permit back to the clerk.

very much excited. It seemed too good to be true When Tomi saw what he was doing, she cried that they were about to get permits to play on out, "No! No! Please, you must not do that for real tennis courts instead of in their backyards. me."

Joseph's turn came first. The clerk asked him "Joseph, I'm proud of you," said Mr. Finney.

such questions as: What is your name? Where "We shall get other permits to play on the 'Y'

do you live? and How old are you? After Joseph courts, even if they are not so near home."

had answered politely, tingling with excitement, "We want to give ours up, too," shouted Julia the clerk said: suddenly for herself and Mary.

"Will you sign your name here, Joseph?" The clerk looked in amazement at the little The clerk blotted the signature and, leaning group. "I'm going to see that this story is re- over his desk handed Joseph a pink card, and ported at the next Town Meeting. If everybody said: "That's your permit, young man, and I felt that way, something could be done."

hope you win lots of games." And something was done! It took time, but to- "Thank you, sir," answered Joseph, "I'm going day in that town every boy and girl, whether to try hard to be a good player." Japanese, Chinese or Filipino, can play on the Tomi, like most Oriental boys and girls, was so public tennis courts.

polite, that she insisted that Julia and Mary get Making Use of This Story their permits before her.

When Tomi's turn came, the clerk said: "I'm Ask the Children: sory but foreigners can't play on these tennis Do you think of putting into action what you learn at courts." Sunday school?

"But I am an American girl," responded Tomi Is calling Japanese and Chinese hoys and girls "Japs, smiling, sure that this would make everything Chinks and Chinamen" doing as you would have others right. "I was born in California." do to you?

If Americans truly followed Jesus' example would there -The clerk appealed to Mr. Finney, saying: "It's be people in our country who are looked down upon beagainst the rules to give Japs and Chinks per- cause they have different colored skin?

mits." Activities: The tears started in Tomi's eyes at the word, An interesting contest would be to see which child can "Japs." Many times she had been called that in name the most articles that Tomi's father might have the school yard and on the street, and did not like in his art shop. (For exam~le: rice, kimonos, tea, jade, it. But Tomi was brave and did not let herself vases, pottery, china, prints, candied ginger, spices, dolls, cry. lanterns, fans, lacquered objects, tableware, dish gardens, etc.) Joseph, Julia and Mary were astounded. They couldn't believe that anyone could ever think of If children are far from a museum, they might visit their dear friend as a foreigner or unfit to play an Oriental art shop or a Chinese or Japanese Sunday on the public courts. school. Stimulate their interest by photographs, stamp collections and illustrated books of Oriental flower ar- rangements and miniature gardens.

[ 542] I Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. lVlcGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE.. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~=====================l~ From a Treasurer's Notebook to let the group at headquarters one of them the Guild library have some idea of what they can and instituting a real system of (The following are actual notes count on from us. But we know issuance and check-up, with taken from the notebook of one of right now that our incomes will fines as in the case of the public the officers of a missionary organiza- be just about the same. Why library, the service rendered be- tion. The record was not completed can't we set our goal in June ing considered a direct contri- there; but a year later, without any and then have three months' bution and a small fee being money-raising dinner or bazaar or head-start? paid. Certain other possibilities similar device, that group reached its are open for work by which giving goal-and twenty dollars over. May 10th. A little figuring these members could obtain the . An educational exhibit and program with paper and pencil gives minimum 25 cents a month pay- of real value to the community was some curious results. We have ment. put on in cooperation with the Wom- 29 members. Our aim in giving en's Missionary Society. The aim -don't ask me why-is $410. May 11th. Further thought was to present the best features of That means an average of $34.00 suggests that any responsibility the year's study to a larger number each month. It is only a little which becomes delinquent for than is reached by the organizations over a dollar a month for each good cause at the end of each themselves; the Guild's share of the person, but we have some mem- three months' period, should be net receipts (from the 25-cent and bers who do not tithe and some made a joint responsibility, and 15-cent admission fees) was forty whose income would not permit some means devised for clearing dollars. that high giving in addition to it at once and for redistribution their other church obligations. of it for the future. Why not survey your own members' So a bit of uneven figuring giving goal in somewhat the same brings the following: May 12th. There are numbers way? Make a big chart with a place of women who are not having for each pledge, starting with the 2 pledges of $5.00 a month-$10.00 any share in the world-wide task larger ones and progressing down to 3 pledges of 3.00 a month- 9.00 of the church right in our con- the smaller gifts. Trace over with 3 pledges of 2.00 a month- 6.00 gregation. We wish they would red or blue or green as each is taken 3 pledges of 1.00 a month- 3.00 join in the fellowship of our up, giving no names, but indicating study and social life. But it is the amounts pledged or received.) $28.00 also quite possible for them to share in the responsibility. A May 8th. We had our meeting which means, you realize, that eleven canvass of the situation might of the Business Women's Mis- people will be carrying all but $6.00 be made. A financial approach sionary Guild last night. June of the responsibility each month. But should not be made unless it be- 30th closes the missionary year, it will be eleven who are able, pro- comes evident that they do not and we have turned in to the portionately, to give that much more. care to become members in full treasury just over half of the fellowship. amount of money we feel is 6 pledges of $0.50 a month-$3.00 what our group wants to con- 12 pledges of .25 a month- 3.00 Sacrifice1 tribute to the cause of missions this year. We have sold cards, $6.00 A Dialogue on Stewardship have had dinners, have had spe- cial gifts, have had entertain- will make up the total. 29 pledges of Scene: The corner of a living room. ments. Now we are trying to 29 members will equal $410.00 in the Two easy chairs, an occasional table arrange for a very attractive year! and a floor lamp so set that it lights entertainment which will inter- the characters from the side away est people other than those in May 10th. There are a few from the audience. the church whom we feel we members who, since the depres- have bled quite sufficiently in sion, have been without any in- Characters: Julia Farrell and her our cause this year. We are not come whatever. It might be pos- friend, Maurine Day. very happy over the situation. sible to turn over to them the Some of us feel we are giving responsibility of selling the Time: Late afternoon. until it hurts, but most of us Christmas cards which the Guild wonder if there isn't a better has sold for long enough to have The scene opens as Julia and Mau- way. had it become more or less of an rine come in from outdoors, C'oat~ institution and a service in the and hats on. May 9th. We've been think- community. There is also the ing. September is the time to possibility of turning over to 1 Book Rights Reserved. Grace w. Mc- "accept goals" or in other words, [ 543 ] Gavran.

Julia: Let me have your Julia (smiling a bit): Well, ber that poem-I can't say it all, things, dear. I'll pop them onto I don't. I tell you it's too hard. but two lines of it sing through my bed. Be back in a moment. You just said so yourself. my mind like a warning every (She departs with the wraps. time I plan to spend: Ma'/,lrine sinks into a chair, Maurine: But, -but – Well, yawns, picks up a magazine, I will ask it! Where did you get I have more clothes than I can wear. glances at it for a few moments that ten-dollar bill you put in? Their head and hands and feet are and then, with it still open be- I know it was a ten, even if you fore her, becomes absorbed in did try to fold it so it wouldn't bare. thought, looking absently at show. nothing and frowning a bit.) I can't sacrifice, Maurine, but I Julia: Oh, that! I don't mind can live with voluntary re- Julia (coming in again): Why telling you. I used to get all hot straint. That's what I've discov- and bothered when I heard ered. With those words ringing so solemn? You look as if all things like that today and feel in my heart, I can keep from the cares of the universe were as if I should make some tre- getting the more that will leave on your shoulders. (Smiles at mendous sacrifice. Once I tried me poverty-stricken when I Maurine and takes her own having subsistence meals twice most want to help. It's not sacchair. Picks up her knitting or a week. But Jack hadn't heard rifice. It's a way of living. It's fancy work.) the appeal and took to going to not a struggle. It's a contest in the restaurant those nights. So which I expect to win. There's Maurine: It's silly, I know, it didn't work. And then I tried no regret in it. Only content- but that woman's talk sort of doing without the next garment ment. haunts me. Makes me feel as if I was going to buy. But I'd have I ought to make some tremen- to get it eventually, so that Maurine (thoughtfully): It dous sacrifice and send a whole didn't work. I decided I wasn't sounds as if it might be a way pile of money. Of course, I cut out for sacrifice. out for me. (Pulls a shopping know it's silly to let her upset list from her purse.) "New flow- me so . . . ! Maurine: Then how do you er for blue dress." My present manage? flower is almost new. It isn't Julia (thoughtfully): I don't that I need a new one. I just think it's silly. We're pretty Julia: Once I decided sacri- saw a delicious new shade in well hardened in our generation fice was too heroic for a nature flowers at The Betty Shop. I to pleas of pity, but she wasn't like mine and gave it up, I be- suppose right there . . . your asking for pity exactly. gan to think. If I sacrificed two poem would come in, dresses it would give me twenty Maurine: That's what got me dollars to spend. Good dresses, . . . more than I can wear. down. The very fact that they not just everydays, of course. Their . . . feet are bare. are fighting to change things Well, when I came to plan my and expect to eliminate that con- clothes budget, I just cut it down I see, Julia. I can't get that dition, yet must have help to twenty dollars to start with and flower now. I don't need it. It save the children caught in it to- put in a flat twenty dollars for won't be any real sacrifice to day from utter ruin. emergency giving. That's a dol- give it up. (Folds up list and lar and sixty-six cents a month. puts it away.) Voluntary re- Julia: It's different, all right. I didn't leave out any dresses. I straint. I like that idea. A way Not just an endless chain. It's don't buy more than I need. But of living! (Glances at her . a present emergency. And so I found that I could cut out watch.) Mercy! My poor in- enough little things and make a fants will think they've lost close home no one else can be pair of stockings last a little their mother. responsible! longer by prompt or careful darning, and make one belt do (Both rise.) Maurine (gloomily): And I for two dresses, – oh, there were a hundred things I was Julia: I've been thinking of can't do a thing. Not a thing. spending from ten cents to a adding a verse to the Scriptures I've just spent every cent I have dollar on that I could do with- lately, Maurine. (Smiles mis- to spare on things I need. If it out! And there was my twenty! ! chievously.) "Justice is better had been last week, I might have than sacrifice; and the life of let that last dress go, and yet- Maurine: But you did have to restraint better than emotion." Julia, I don't have more clothes do without. Nice addition to Proverbs, eh? than I need. How can one sacri- fice a dress or a hat? I don't Julia: I never said I didn't. I (They go out, chatting inau- have a whole shelf of hats. I said I had quit sacrificing. It's dibly.) only get just the one I need for not sacrifice to plan carefully. each season. It's fun to beat your own budget. Why Hang On?

Julia (slowly): Well, if you Maurine: I'd mind having to Stewardship is not just a must know the truth, I've given cut down on little things. I hate question of what one gives. It up sacrificing. It's too hard. watching pennies. is often a question of that to which one hangs on. Maurine (startled): Why J ul- Julia: So would I if that were all there were to it. But there's *** ia! I might admit it's too hard more than that. Do you remem- for me. But you! You must sac- 1. If you can admit, "My rifice something! You always closet shelf holds a clock I shall seem to have a huge amount to hand in when things like this come up. You must sacrifice.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

never have mended because I Have you made any serious A Column of Horrors! now use electric clocks; an old attempt to persuade members of toaster that has been replaced your society to face the possibil- Miss X opened the large by a gleaming streamlined mod- ities of service with such things packet of scrapbooks to be sent el; some dishes that came to me to which they are hanging on? to the foreign mission field. Her with the purchase of a certain "It might come in handy" was unbelieving eyes were startled commodity, but which I shall an excellent watchword for fron- by an accumulation of the heroes likely never use; and by the tier living, but it is a drag upon and heroines of Hollywood. way there are a couple of old- us today. As a result of such Thousands of them! Assembled fashioned rockers up in the stor- hoarding our hours are filled with infinite care! Pasted painsage room," -if you can admit with storing and dusting, sort- takingly into Jumbo scrapbooks! that, you are hanging on. You ing and rearranging. This robs Carefully indexed! Miss X are not rendering account of us of power to give that which wilted. She decided to leave till what you have which should be will make life easier for our fel- a later day the writing of the in circulation. The Salvation low men. letter of acknowledgement to the Army, the Goodwill Industries donors. and other organizations can use Why not present this idea in those things to rehabilitate men. a dramatic form? Have a speak- The amount of customs duty . You are using them to accumu- er give the first paragraph. A which had to be paid on that late dust. second speaker, with arms package from home made the loaded with objects, give the missionary-on-the-Congo gasp. It *** second. A, third represent the must be paid from his own sal- third. A fourth may dramatize ary, though the package was for 2. If, hanging in your clothes the fourth. Then announce that the mission. It contained "25 closet, you can find unneeded or a committee of two with a car yards of silk," said the declaraunused dresses, out of style, and a list of possible articles will tion. "Silk! In Africa!" The slightly worn or faded and re- appear at the door of each mem- missionary was doubtful. When placed by something you like ber during the week, ready to the package was opened words better-if you can find them receive contributions, to discuss failed him; the yards of silk there, you are hanging on. The further the list of articles and (declared at retail) turned out charity organizations of your to help decide as to the possible to be scraps of taffeta cut into town can use those garments to usefulness of things that the quilt pieces! And taffeta, Genclothe the naked. You are using member has hung on to, and tle Reader, rots in a very short them to dry-rot! promising to return later if time on the banks of the mighty there will be a second donation Congo. *** ready. How welcome were those Vis- 3. If there are lying about Of course, your list of usable itors-from-Home. They wanted shoes, needing repair but which articles will be made after conyou have not bothered to take to sultation with organizations to see the work; were anxious the shoeman, shoes that pinch which can use them. A truck and so are seldom worn, shoes may be need if large articles are to know more of India. Yes, out of style that you do not care to be donated. The calling com- they would enjoy nothing more to wear, shoes that might come mittees will compile this list. in handy some time but never Perhaps the men of the church than a week at the Christian do-if you are keeping such, will contribute the use of a truck Mela or Camp-Retreat with the you are hanging on. They can to take things to a near-by town missionaries; they would take be used to enable others to walk if your own town cannot make life exactly as the missionaries the wet wintry streets dry-shod. use of them. did. The place was a lovely spot Why keep them to give you a far from railroad and still farsense of oppulence? Such a project can be carried ther from stores and shops. out once a year. It trains mem- Tents dotted the landscape. The *** bers of the society to be alert as Visitors-from-Home were de- to possibilities of giving rather lighted. The evening meal of 4. If you have stored away than hanging on. delicious curry and rice was scraps of new cloth with the served. "We don't eat any Inthought that some day you may If you have a group in your dian food," said the Visitorsquilt; old silk garments that society which sews, you may from-Home, sweetly but deteryou think you might make into want to retain some things, such minedly. The face of the misa hooked rug; pieces of cloth or as quilt pieces or pieces big sionary's wife was inscrutable as partly worn garments which you enough to make children's gar- she ordered soft-boiled eggs for plan to make over some day,- ments, for a service project of the Visitors-from-Home. In her if they are there, you are hang- your own. A committee should mind words began racing: ing on. Busy fingers at sewing decide after things are collected "Eggs for dinner? Eggs for clubs and settlement classes will just what goes where. Do not lunch?? Eggs for breakfast??? make use of them, while you will despise odds and ends. There's no way to get American only dream about it. food now. What shall I do?"

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

INDIAN AMERICAN YOUNG PEOPLE The Joint Committee on In- PART OF ONE CHURCH SCHOOL CLASS ON A HIKE TO THE HILLS. dian Work of the Home Mis- RIVERSIDE. CALIFORNIA. sions Councils (Council of Women for Home Missions and Home Religious Work Director said, "I whom she felt responsibility. Missions Council) presents such a united Christian approach to want to talk to you. I decided Their mother is dead and the Indian American young people in six United States Government tonight for sure that I want to two girls live with an aunt in boarding schools where young people coming from reservations go to a Christian training school ' a country community with no are in new surroundings and feel shy, homesick and strange. to become a nurse." Application church. Soon after Betty's re- The six schools being served blanks were filled out a few days turn home she wrote the Reliin this .way are reaching approximately 3,000 students and later for training at a Presby- gious Work Director at school, are located as follows: terian mission. · (This girl is 'We have in our house a little Albuquerque Indian School, Albuquerque, New Mexico. from a Presbyterian field. ) Word Sunday school. We have neigh- Flandreau Indian School, Flandreau, came back later that there was bors' children come in. Could South Dakota. no room for her. The girl then you help us in our community?' Has k e 11 Institute, Lawrence, Kansas. decided to take post-graduate The Director sent a package of Salem Indian School, Chemawa, work in high school in the mean- papers, pictures and cards. In Oregon. time. The following year she en- thanking the Director for the Sherman Institute, Riverside, California. tered the Presbyterian mission helps she added, 'We have a sing The sixth location is a fine place of and this fall graduates as a on Wednesday nights. We have rural community work being developed in Eastern Oklahoma, near Stillwell. trained nurse ready for work. more older people here then. Of There is no greater need today The Religious Work Directors course we have no piano, but– in missionary work than for follow the struggles of the stu- plays the guitar and that is good churches and denominations to work together in presenting the dents as they return to their enough. I am trying to learn to Christian message in a united reservations during the summer play one too. Here's hoping I way. or after graduation and by learn.' " The interdenominational Reli- friendly encouragement often The stories that follow, sent gious Work Director is willing have the satisfaction of seeing by the Directors, emphasize the to listen, no matter what the those students rise to positions need for more of this kind of problem. Individual lives are of leadership among their own follow-up, serving all denominaoften reshaped by this friendly people. guidance of the Religious Work tions freely but ministering to Director who ministers to them Here is the story of a girl who the student's need first of all: through worship services, social is making the best of her opporgatherings, games, choir 'prac- tunities: "A senior who grad- What the Church Is Doing tice, discussion groups and personal consultations. uated this spring went home "Nellie and Sam, graduates of a with her younger sister for few years ago, came to see us re- Let us consider the case of a girl, a senior in school, who, following a meeting of the Missionary Society in the home of the [ 5461

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

cently and upon invitation stayed to supper. Through most of the evening we visited and talked over experiences of school days. Toward the end of the evening Sam said they must go. They thanked us sincerely, and I walked out to the door to bid them good night. They started down the walk, then re- turned hesitantly. 'She's got something she wanted to say to you, Mr.

–' 'Well, I wonder what it could be!' I grinned. (Oh, I had a 'hunch'

all right, for I had talked over some personal plans with this boy weeks before.) " 'We've been married three weeks!' Nellie said, shyly but happily. Sam is a carpenter here in town. Both are Christian students, graduates of two years ago. And that's what they had come to tell me in the first 'Place!

How I love them for it, and for the friendship which has lasted and which has opened anew to the blessed coun- selling about plans for a new Christian home! They'll come often now- and the latch string's out!"

What Church People Can Do "Our most pressing need for the CHILDREN FROM HOMES LIKE THIS COME UNDER OUR INFLUENCE IN Chapel is a good resonant bell for the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS. belfry. For several years we have discussed this. More and more each senior in-University. There will gets swellheaded because he's had year it takes on significance because surely be a place for him in the world some rare experience, or because he we live here with these boys and girls when he is ready. For he is deter- gets boosted to some office-well, it's as a community and they need some- mined to go back to his people in just too bad for his leadership.' thing to bring to mind and heart the eastern Oklahoma, and live before call of worship and Christian service. them the Christian life which he has "'I see what you mean . . . I'll Perhaps an individual or a group found so abundant. sure try to do this thing right,' and I might take this matter up as a proj- thought I caught a square set to his ect." *** jaw as he started putting on his foot- ball uniform to go out on the field to *** What the Indians Are Doing practice. Joe's an orphan. The first white man this Navajo ever saw he "Dorothy is one of our most pop- An Indian girl, about sixteen years ran from for dear life and hid among ular and finest students but one who old, meditating on the future has this the sheep-just another wild creature has a real problem in her future. She to say: "The preservation of the In- of the desert a few years ago. is a complete ward of the Government, dian race is necessary but, I think it her parents having died within a week must be done through the Indian "He waved his hand to me from the of each other, about five years ago. youth preparing themselves for re- field as I watched him at practice. They left six children; Harold, an sponsible positions and the more we He'll remember!" older son who is now working; Dor- prove ourselves the more responsible othy who is in school here in –; positions will be waiting for us. We *** and four smaller ones who are now cannot go on living in the past, dear being cared for by a family. They as it was to the hearts of our nature- "Our so-called sophistication also had all been separated until these ar- loving people. There is a future, appeals to the Indian, particularly the bright with dreams of happy homes, young person. They readily adopt rantrements were made. of positions well-filled, of friends our dress and manner and along with "Dorothv came here after her par- among all races and of better under- that the cigarette and liquor. I think standing of ourselves and others. We that too often all they see in us is the ent's death and has been here ever are proud to be Indian and we are outside and they follow our pattern." since. She has a pleasing personality glad to have a chance to make others and appearance and has been active proud of us too." *** in religious as well as school activities and is one that I would like to *** The Christian spirit finds exsee go back to her people as a Chris- pression in Indian life in service tian leader. Her parents were Chris- Joe, the captain of this year's foot- for others: tians and gave the children a good ball team has just returned from a beginning for that life. That hope for wonderful conference trip and tour "Two of our finest speakers among Dorothy needs the prayers and inter- which the religious work director the Indian girls–one a Navajo, one a est of Christian people." helped him attend. They are sitting Hopi, themselves inseparable pals on the cot in Joe's room. though their ancestors were bitter en- *** emies-gave earnest talks saying that "What shall I do for my life work?" "'Joe, the very fact that you have old emnities were dead and friendly We have all asked the question so had this privilege and that you have ties strengthened by Christian influ- many times. But to the Indian living been chosen football captain too has ences." in a white man's civilization it is one a little bit of danger in it for you, with especial sil4nificance. Few there did you know that?' Joe looked at his And at Christmas time Indian boys. are who face the matter as did this friend keenly, but a little puzzled. and girls at Sherman Institute pack young Indian man. Left an orphan at 'That's right, Joe. The really great boxes of toys which they send to the a very early age, handicapped most leaders are the ones who keep their Migrants in the cotton fields in Cali- of his life with a speech impediment, hearts and their sY'm.pathies right fornia. They have little to share, yet which he is successfully overcoming, close to the hearts of the people they they experience the feeling of inner with little or no money, he is now II. mix with in everyday life. If II. fellow happiness that comes from joyous giving.

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I Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'I======~EDI=TED=BY=MR=S. =HEN=RIE=TTA=H.=FE=RGU=SON=, X=ENI=A, O=HI=O ======= WESTERN ASIA in the constitution, calling Tur- tlements have welcomed visiting key a Moslem country, was de- mISSIOnaries of the Hebrew New Day in New Turkey leted ; then religious schools, Christian Fellowship, and Jews orders, and religious uniforms, are freely purchasing the Scrip- Hope for true religjous liberty were suppressed; Friday as a tures, although Christian work in Turkey, when Christian mis- holiday was abolished. Not only in Ute villages has had to be sionaries will be welcomed, is this, but there is distinct anti- largely discontinued. The Misseen in a bill before parliament religious teaching in many of sion to Mediterranean Garrisons to offer amnesty to the 150 polit- the schools. Not long ago the and the International Christian ical offenders, exiled from Tur- government ordered the sale of Police Association report enkey in the early days of the Re- 300 mosques in Istanbul. couraging work among British public. It is remarked all over soldiers and police. the country that a new day has -Alliance Weekly. dawned, when Turkey can for- -World Dominion Press. give and reinstate those who Since the Balfour Declaration fought to prevent its emancipa- Trans-Iranian Railway tion. One Turkish paper said: Changes in Palestine since the "This amnesty creates a new Jews were promised a national Last August construction of atmosphere throughout the whole home are reflected in the busi- the Trans-Iranian Railway was country … it will strengthen ness advertisements, such as completed. The line was begun the power, the stability, the those of the King Solomon Bank, in 1927, and fulfils a dream of honor and fame of the country Zerubbabel Bank, Judea Insur- Iranians. The ceremonies atand of the revolution, both at ance, Dead Sea Bath Salts, etc. tending the opening of the road home and abroad." There is a training ship the were most elaborate, with high Sarah I, for Jewish sailors, officials present. The station was Another editor commented: flying the blue and white Zion appropriately decorated and a "The movement toward a gen- flag, operated by the Zebu- ribbon was stretched across the eral amnesty for political of- lon Society (Zebulon was the line. The crown prince and the fenses means that the way is be- seashore tribe). shah each tightened a gold nut; ing prepared for freedom of dis- the shah cut the ribbon, formalcussion. In order that this free- Not the least interesting is ly opening the service. The road dom may widen, writers and the Palestine Symphony Orches- connects the Caspian Sea with critics should be positive and tra. The hounding of Jewish the Persian Gulf, and additional creative, recognizing unity and musicians out of Germany has lines connecting Tabriz and harmony as the highest values. made of it one of the greatest in Meshed are being surveyed. The Thus will be assured the condi- the world. In less than two people of Iran take great pride tions which will produce a move- months this orchestra of sev- in the fact that this gigantic ment toward a true demor.racy." enty-one virtuosos was assem- task was completed without bor- bled and developed into an har- rowing from abroad. The in- -World Dominion Press. monious whole. This occurred creased facilities of travel will in Palestine, an insecure and greatly extend the possibilities Turkey's Materialism troubled land, in a pioneering of missionary service. stage of national life. After the A writer in the Near East orchestra visited Egypt, enthu- -Press Translation Service. Christian Council's Bulletin be- siastic Egyptians organized a lieves that the future of religion Society of Friends of the Pales- Silent Ministry in Turkey is a part of the crit- tine Orchestra.-S. S. Times. ical problem of the religious life Dr. Frederick G. Coan, for 40 of the world. Since the abolition Palestine Problems years a missionary in Iran, of the Caliphate, Turkish leaders called one day on a bigoted, .have proceeded on the assump- Present disorders in Palestine fanatical ecclesiastic-the kind tion that religion had never done are having their effect on the who would be pleased to see anything but harm, and was not Christian Church in that trou- every Christian killed. Dr. Coan needed for the future. Religious bled land, where Christian unity describes his call: teaching in the schools was re- and love are assailed by racial duced, then dropped. A phrase bitterness and fear. Jewish set- As soon as I had entered the room, he ordered the servants to leave and [648 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

told them to see that no one was in er. This teacher then settles public, who are willing to perthe yard, and that the gates were down to a long process of educalocked. Then he turned to me and tion-two years or more-when form some kind of national servsaid, "You have left the New World he instructs the entire village and come all the way here to make me and prepares them for church ice. -The Guardian. a Christian; save yourself the trou- membership. By the end of this ble:" I thought he was simply trying time, no one needs to leave his Syrian "Servants of the Cross" to turn me off. Then to my astonish- home environment, or feel that ment he said, "I am already a Chris- he is an outcaste. This organization, a missiontian." I asked how he came to it. He ary and social brotherhood of then told me a helper had given him In one diocese reported by Mr. the Syrian Church, established the Gospel of St. John and asked him Higdon they are uniting with in 1924, is asking for funds to to read it carefully and with open the church at the rate of 10,000 carryon work among the Demind; and when he reached the last a month; and in all India more pressed Classes in India. The chapter he was at the feet of Christ than 100,000 have accepted aboriginal races of the native as His slave. He could not resist so Christianity annually during the states of Cochin and Travancore, winsome a character. Had it been past three years. The changes South India, are poverty-strickknown in that fanatical Kurdish city, observed by the upper classes in en, ill-clad and uneducated. the man's own sons would have asked the lives of the outcastes turned They live in miserable huts and the governor to behead him and throw Christian has resulted in a sim- carry worship of devils to a his body to the dogs. ilar movement among the higher point of extreme superstition. castes. Under the auspices of the an- INDIA AND SIAM cient Orthodox Syrian Church Community Appreciation of St. Thomas, the Apostle of Unhampered by Politics India, the order is making a The Frances Newton Hospital sincere effort to improve these Dr. C. H. Rice, of Allahabad in Ferozepur has been serving unfortunate people. Christian College, says: women and children of this dis- trict for 44 years. Appreciation There are a dozen members of India just now is one of the centers for this service is manifest in the order. They have no propof the world where the movement for the recently added operating erty, practise celibacy, and repeace and justice is most unhampered unit at a cost of 6,000 rupees, ceive no salary. They obtain by the politics of national fear, hatred raised by members of the Canal, their daily bread from the place and greed. There are radicals who Railway, Civil, Policy and Mili- in which they work, sometimes shout, and leaders who would foment tary Departments, and the mem- from the parish church and class war, but never has India had so bers of the Indian Christian sometimes by rice collections many sons and daughters ready to communities. The medical de- and the hospitality of friends. spend themselves for the liberation of partment of the Punjab Governtheir brothers from ignorance and ment promised Rs. 2,000 toward -The Living Church. disease, poverty and social oppression. this project. The Rajah of Fa- Surely the Spirit of Christ is alive. ridkot gave Rs. 1,000, and the Gains in Assam . . . One day he will be recognized above groups collected Rs. 3,500. and loved and worshiped as now he is Part of the money was used to The Baptist Missionary Requoted and admired. improve a ward in the hospital view of India tells of a piece of for tubercular patients. frontier work that shows real Dr. and Mrs. Rice are co-au- missionary progress. In the Ao thors of the chapter on Indian -Monday Morning. and Sema Naga Hills there were Christian colleges in the current 1,218 baptisms last year, and year's mission study book. Bihar Literacy Drive the church membership in those two tribes has now reached No Need to Leave Home A mass literacy campaign in 19,316. Nearly 500 boys and Bihar Province is an idea con- girls are under Christian in- E. K. Higdon, writing in The ceived by the Minister of Educa- struction at the station school in Churchman, says that time was tion, who planned that students Impur, the largest Baptist school when Indian Christians were be induced to spend their holi- in Assam. A total of 115 Sunthe real "men without a coun- days in voluntary teaching of day schools report an enrolment try"; and that at the Jerusalem adults. There was an enthusias- of about 17,000. How many par- Conference there was a strain tic response. Since the govern- ishes in India or the United of sadness through all that the ment had no funds to combat States show equal advance? Indian delegates said, because illiteracy, the Minister of Edu- Christians in India had to tear cation issued this call: "Let us Practical Christianity in Siam themselves up by the roots, leave try to make up our lack of finantheir families, their villages, cial resources by the earnest de- Bangkok has a large Chinese their communities. sire of our youth for national immigrant population. During service." He regards this as a the Chinese New Year's season, Now, whole villages are be- sort of personal tax. It is hoped it is the custom of the Swatow coming Christian at one time. that this example will be fol- Church workers and officers to The leaders hold a meeting, dis- lowed by the rest of the general make calls in the homes of all of cuss the matter and decide they the members and friends of the are willing to leave Hinduism or church. All firms and shops Mohammedanism and become stop their work, and an excellent Christians. Then they put it up to the community. If the decision is favorable, the next step is to go to the Christian head of the district and ask for a teach-

opportunity is at hand to give and friendless-I was forcibly er songs. Then came the kin- Christian greetings. To one reminded of a man who stood up dergarten with its play songs. humble home, the home of a in one of my meetings at home The popular movement under widow with three small children, and asked whether the Chinese Jimmy Yen early developed folk went a missionary in this call- had not religions of their own songs and taught children I:),nd ing season. The home was just just as good! A fortune teller the peasants to sing. Now the one room, with no furniture ex- had told this old woman that she national defense movement is cept a few boards on trestles to would die in the eighth moon enlisting movie stars, actors, colmake a bed, a stool or two, clay this year and her coffin is al- lege men and women to lead the stove and two or three cooking ready prepared. When asked whole country into a chorus that pans. The widow makes her liv- where her soul would go, she may tend to drown the sobs of ing by going out to cut hair, and replied: 'I don't know.' " those who mourn. -The Christian Century. must leave her children at home Christian Message for There Are J oshuas Today alone during the day. The mis- Wounded sionary expressed concern about the children, and she replied: The Chinese high command Rev. William Vander Meer of the Reformed Church in Amer- "When I go I always ask my sent out a circular letter to ica, last July, like a Joshua spy- Christian hospitals and churches, ing out the land, walked 60 miles Heavenly Father to watch over asking them to cooperate in them." -Siam Outlook.

bringing the Christian message up the valley of the Kuling Riv- to the wounded. The five er in Fukien, looking for fields CHINA churches in Changteh sent two or and houses where refugees in Her Religion "Just as Good" more workers each day to write Amoy could be relocated. He found places for 3,000. In every A writer in China's Millions letters, have personal talks, and village visited he received the tells of visiting an old devotee hold services for small groups. The work developed until it hearty cooperation of officials. of Confucianism, who had lived Amoy, distant from the prinin a temple many years attend- called for a full-time worker. cipal war areas, has its own sep- All the churches cooperated in arate relief work. ing the idols. For all these years providing the salary for the she has abstained from meat, fat and eggs, in the hope of at- right man, who was found Rehabilitation of those who taining salvation; now she is 94 among the refugees. Church will go up the Kuling valley will years old, wizened, dulled, with- women are sewing and provid- require seed, food and tools, unout hope in her face. Christian ing small comforts for the til they can harvest their first women tried to tell her of the wounded men. crop of vegetables. Old temples -Monday Morning. are to be repaired and made into love of Jesus Christ and the homes. The diet in these camps peace that He alone can give. Turning to Song calls for canned meat. Around One of the women, Mrs. Su, has an old Christian mother 93 The crash of bombs and the Amoy there is no longer a taste years old. As Mrs. Su looked at cries of the mangled continue to for fish, the reason being that this other old woman, tears so many dead bodies have been came to her eyes as she said, be heard, but above it all is "Oh, myoId mother is a hun- heard the voice of song. The washed out to sea. dred times better off than this! Chinese people are learning to -Church Committee for sing in chorus as they have China Relief.

She has the peace of God in her never done before. A training Refugee Children heart." Then she sat down by institute in Hankow has been the old lady and patiently tried turning out song leaders. Col- A letter from a Presbyterian to tell her about the peace of lege and middle-school students mission school, now being used God which passeth all under- in south, central and west China as a temporary home for tefstanding. The poor old woman have been teaching group and ugee children, indicates the nalooked absolutely blank, and mass singing. Folk songs, patri- ture of some of the problems. said she was too old to do any- otic songs, workers' songs are When youngsters were brought thing now. They assured her stirring the people's enthusiasm. in from the bombed areas, the that she need not do anything, Dr. T. T. Lew gives credit for teachers expected to see them but trust in Christ. They taught the beginning of this movement rejoice over the chance to live in her a simple prayer-"Lord to the Christian Church. In a safety, where there were play- Jesus, save me, and forgive my recent discussion group of dele- grounds, trees, food. Not at all! sins," which she repeated many gates-elect to Madras he said, Many of them had been living times. "The introduction of group sing- by their wits, and had grown "As we sat there," says the ing by the Church of China has cunning and combative. Fights, missionary, "with the idols meant a great deal to the life of greed, the notion that the school around us, and thought of this China." He went on to describe was a jail, were things to be poor old woman giving her life how children used to sing hymns dealt with. But little by little to them and fasting from meat while at play, regardless of their cleanliness, play, food, hand- and eggs-now weak and old, theme, because they had no oth- work and scout drill produced a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very different set of children. JAPAN -OHOSEN at home whose ideas and motives I When their school home was cannot follow nor condone. To dechanged for a more permanent State Oontrol of Religions nounce war and its perpetrators is one under the Children's Relief not enough. I must find a substitute Association sponsored by Mad- The draft of a proposed new for war. ame Chiang Kai-shek, there law affecting religious organizawere real regrets on both sides. tions has been made public. This How Peace Will Oome is the fourth time during the -Monday Morning. past 40 years that a law control- World Outlook contains the ling religion has been proposed, following letter of a Japanese Honan Mission Jubilee and each time it has been de- Christian minister in war serv- feated in the Diet. Heretofore, ice: This year marks the jubilee of the attempt has failed because the Honan Mission of the United of an article in the constitution There are many American and Eng- Church of Canada. Some of guaranteeing freedom of reli- lish missionaries everywhere in China, those who went to China in 1888 gious belief to the individual. but Japanese soldiers are not perare alive and well, and look with The proposed new law avoids mitted to call on them or go to church troubled hearts on the China of the dilemma by limiting itself to without special permission. This is 1938. The first period in the his- the regulation of the public cere- because we are very nervous to stir tory of this Mission with the ar- monies and the doctrinal prop- up international problems. As you rival in China of Dr. and Mrs. agation of the various religious know, most of the soldiers are rough Jonathan Goforth, Dr. McGil- organizations, not the personal and uneducated, and do not know forlivray and others; this phase of faith of the individual. Under eign manners. the work ended when the Boxer the present emergency it is aluprising overran all North Chi- most certain to become law. The The other day I called on Mr. and na in 1900. Two years later Christian churches, along with Mrs. H., the missionaries here, with work began anew on a larger all other religious bodies, will the permission of my officer. We had scale, but with the outbreak of then operate under a permit a long talk. They welcomed me heartthe Great War in 1914, the sup- issued by the minister of educa- fully. There were a few Chinese ply of new missionaries was cut tion, will be amenable to govern- Christians present. I was greatly enoff, but at the end of the war, ment inspection, and will have couraged and comforted by a touch of the Forward Movement Fund both doctrine and worship prac- real Christian brotherhood. I am sure made reinforcement once again tices subject to official control. that peace will come only through possible. The modern develop- Conversely there will be certain Christianity. Because of this I feel a ment of the Mission began with tax exemptions and other priv- great sense of mission. I think you the construction of Weihwei and ileges that have not hitherto must have some friends in China. Changte Hospitals. been extended to Christianity. Please send me their names and ad- It is possible that there will be dresses. Every night there is shoot- Events of July, 1937, changed no particular inconvenience ex- ing, but my heart is quite peaceful bethe whole picture, but members perienced under the new regula- cause of my faith in the Cross. I read of the Mission have not lost tions, though the churches my Bible every morning, and am courage. All the staff are re- would prefer to be free from praying all the time. maining at their posts. such governmental control. J apan Selling Out in India -United Church Record. -Charles Iglehart. As an indication of Japan's Kashgar Mission Closed Kagawa Proposes Peace desperate situation, one of Eng- land's leading papers prints the The Swedish Mission in Kash- It is reported that Kagawa following: gar, Chinese Turkestan (Sin- has laid proposals for peace kiang Province) was attacked with China before the Japanese A correspondent who is managing and burned by the Moslem lead- premier-without result. In a director of a famous firm of merer Mamud Sidjan. Governor- letter to friends in the United chants in Bombay gives news of some , General Sheng suppressed the States, Kagawa writes: interest. His letter reads:-"A sig- Moslem rising in September, nificant thing is happening here with 1937, but the local authorities Truly no group of Christians can be the quite large Japanese business subsequently closed the hospital isolated. Just in the measure that the community. They are selling off all and printing office and scattered links that bind these groups are their house and office properties, upthe Christians. The British Con- forged in love and understanding and country cotton factories, cotton mills sul-General in Kashgar rendered sympathy, will the influence and pow- here. It may be in order to get money help to the Mission, but even- er of Christianity continue. Though with which to buy cotton. For months tually the situation deteriorated you hear of individual Christians now they haven't had the money with and most of the missionaries wooed and won by the growing spirit which to buy a bale. .. . . They are were compelled to return to of nationalism, do not despair. In all obviously getting into a terrible mess Sweden. Forty years of efficient lands and in all ages, there have been financially, with a million men in the and devoted service in one of testing times for Christians and not field in China and the whole country the hardest fields of China has all have stood the test. . . . My own run by the fanatical army leaders, thus been tragically interrupted. personal views are well known. I and no money with which to buy the would be a disciple of love to all peo- raw materials for their vast indus- -World Dominion Press. ple, and this must include even those tries. Their exports, from which they get their money, have in recent months dwindled to nothing, and they have little raw cotton left."

The Kobe Cloudburst Kobe has a population of about 790,000. The city lies crescent shaped between the hills and the Inland Sea. Last July, a cloud-

burst caused the hill streams to would be seated beside me. I tion was given as to baptism, rush down into the city, carry- saw at once that it was the man the preparation and motive for ing trees and debris into the who had murdered my father, it, and what it involved, the in- streets until some sections were and I had sworn to drink his quirers withdrew sadly, and no buried six feet under. About blood. But as I withdrew down more has been heard from them.

150,000 people were made home- the church, a voice seemed to less; electric and water supply say to me, 'By this shall all men "Insurrectos" Become was cut off. An old well, un- know that ye are my disciples, Methodists used for many years, in the if ye have love one to another'; Enthusiasm, progress and ma- and as I sat down near the door, turity marked the 1938 sessions yard of a Presbyterian mission- a Man upon a cross rose before my eyes, and I heard Him say, of the Methodist annual conferary's home served the neighbor- 'Father, forgive them, for they ences in the Philippines. For know not what they do.' Then I the first time, these met in sephood; and this furnished the returned, and we took the Lord's arate places, and both were hon- Supper together." ored by the presence of goveropportunity to hand out Chris- nors and other officials of the -The Presbyterian. provinces where they were held. tian literature to all who came for water. In this crisis, some Japanese Christians opened a vacation Bible School to take responsibility for the children, Looking toward indigenous lead- ership, plans were discussed for while the adults dug themselves Bible Circles of Five out. -Monday Morning. "Circles of Five" have become electing a Filipino bishop in popular in Java. They are 1940. ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC g.roups of five young people in Although the year under re- view was marked by a series of Bridge Builders in Papua the higher classes of elementary earthquakes, typhoons, floods and secondary schools, who meet and fire, statistics show a de- Mr. C. F. Rich has served cided gain both in self-support nearly forty years in Papua un- to study the Bible under one of and in membership. In less than der the L. M. S., and is still full their number as leader. Each forty years Methodism in· the of plans for that island's future. circle becomes a sort of union of Philippines has grown to a He writes: secrecy and fidelity of uncom- mon strength, marked by per- church of more than 90,000 Once it was said of a patriarch, staunch members. "He digged us a well." In hot, wet sonal devotion. They become Papua, there would be scant praise brethren. They meet each week, -Christian Advocate. for a well digger, but in years to and attendance is a sacr(;)d duty, come they may be saying of their missionary: "He builded us a bridge." not to be missed. Printed out- National Hospital Day Why? On one of the main roads a lines of Bible study are sent to dangerous creek had to be crossed, and all efforts to bridge it had come each circle and these are dis- The Philippine Commonto naught whenever floods came. cussed at its meetings. Coordi- wealth celebrates an annual Na- Then the missionary, with the help of nation is effected by a monthly tional Hospital Day, when all villagers and his old automobile, set gathering of the leaders, most the hospitals of Manila are open to work. The old car hauled tons of of whom are under twenty years to the public for inspection, and sand, timber and cement; the people carried tons of stone with which to old. are rated by a committee headed raise the road approach to the bridge level. In a little over seven weeks of The number five was chosen by the Director of Public Welhard labor, the bridge was ready for use. "Quite interesting," some will because in Java it is a sacred fare. For the third successive say, "but hardly a missionary's job." But the bridge will stand for many number. It is the number of year, St. Luke's Hospital has years, not only to ensure safe crossing, but as a visible emblem of a fingers on one hand, and ex- won the highest award among bridge of understanding over which the Papuan may pass from ignorance presses unity. Also, it was the hospitals having a capacity of and darkness into freedom and light. number of the prayer circle in f'100 beds, or more. In announc- -L. M. S. Chronicle. Antioch, from which the Holy ing this award, Dr. Aguilar Revenge or Love? Spirit selected and commissioned Director of Public Welfare de: A missionary to New Zealand tells of a Maori Christian who PauL-World Dominion Press. clared this to be a model 'hoshad taken a front seat at the communion service. Suddenly, Requirement ~oo Hard pital, above competition. What he was seen withdrawing to the rear, then he came forward and a contrast to the days of Spanresumed his original place. Asked afterwards why he had The Protestant Episcopal Mis- ish rule forty years ago! done so, he replied: "When I sion tells of a group of people at -The Churchman. entered, I had no idea who Baguio, P. I., who recently came NORTH AMERICA to the Church to ask how much would be the charge for baptiz- Is America Christian? ing a young Chinese who wished to marry a Christian girl. It There is a strange mixture of was explained to them that there paganism and Christianity in was no charge, but that baptism America. Not long ago at To- was not just a routine conven- awnadocc, eCeoloofrfaicdioa,lsthareraloncgaeldWwPitAh ience for those who wished to marry. When further informa- the leaders of the Utes (In-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dians) for a three-day season of already formally approved, at that attempts at law enforcesports events and bear dancing least in principle,· the constitu- ment are futile unless the moral at Easter time, culminating on tion of the proposed World sentiment of the people is back Easter Sunday. Wishing to have Council of Churches drafted at of it. -United Presbyterian. Easter observed in a manner Utrecht, Holland, last May. more fitting its significance, They are the following: Presby- Fresh Approach to World James Russell, local pastor, re- terian Church in the U. S. A.; Needs quested the official in charge of Presbyterian Church (South), the government agencies to post- Congregational, Northern Bap- Two Methodist missionaries pone the sports event, and allow tist, United Lutheran, Evangel- from Burma, Dewitt and Edna the Easter meetings to assume a ical Lutheran Augustana Synod, Baldwin, have created the "Lisle more religious aspect. This he Evangelical and Reformed, Re- Fellowship," a six-weeks "rerefused to do. Whereupon, Mr. formed Church in America, thinking" conference at "Happy Russell explained to the chief United Presbyterian, Protestant Valley," Lisle, N. Y. Sixty coland tribal council of the Utes Episcopal, Disciples of Christ lege men and women, members that throughout the United and Methodist Episcopal. of ten different races or nations, States, and the world people re- representing 13 churches and 26 gard Easter as a holy day, and Missionary News from Wall colleges, have been devoting celebrate then the rising from Street themselves to the theme of the dead of the Lord Jesus "World – mindedness," consider- Christ, just as at Christmas time Perhaps Wall Street, the finan- ing the meaning of Christianity they commemorate His birthday. cial center of New York, would as a solution for the new world's The Indians listened attentively least likely be expected to fur- needs, and the kind of individand then they asked the local nish missionary news, yet read- ual a world citizen ought to be. head of the WPA to postpone ers of the daily Wall Street the sports events: but he still Journal saw this heading in a The educational methods of persisted on having his program recent issue: "One Thousand this group are worth watching. carried out at the time set. Bible Translations." The follow- Instead of telling young people ing is a quotation from the ar- what to think, there is offered a The Indian leaders then de- ticle: whole series of projects by vised this plan. They would tell which students may learn to their people not to go to the In its headquarters in London the think for themselves, and arrive sports field until after services British and Foreign Bible Society at their own conclusions. Inhad been held in the church now has copies of the Scriptures pub- cluded in this is training in field from 9 until 10: 30 a. m., and lished in whole or in part in 1,000 dif- work. Four days each week, they would stop their bear dance ferent languages. The last two trans- after a preliminary week of at 5 p. 'ill. so that their people lations were of native tribal tongues training, the students go out by could have supper and attend in the Belgian Congo of Africa, themselves, taking full responchurch service again at night. known as the Ngwana and Sakapa sibility for their personal and As a result more people than tribes. This Bible Society was group relations, to work togethusual attended the church serv- founded in 1804 when copies of the er through churches in towns ices, both morning and evening. Bible were available in only 72 lan- and villages covering a radius of guages. The number increased to 100 125 miles of Lisle-most of cen- Paganism among many of the in 1824, to 200 in 1871, to 300 in 1892, tral New York and north cen- 200 Indian tribes in the United to 400 in 1906, to 500 in 1917, to 600 tral Pennsylvania. Careful ar- States is as degraded as that in 1928, to 712 in 1936 and to 1,000 rangements are made by Mr. found in central Africa. Their in 1937. Baldwin with pastors in adreverence for material objects is vance, interchurch hospitality as bad, their medicine men are Evidently, the Wall Street being arranged wherever posno different from the evil witch- Journal considered this of as sible. -Christian Century. doctors of the dark continent, much news value as dividend and their gross superstitions are announcements. Twenty-four Hour Service depressing. Obstacles to their evangelization include, not only "League of Decency" The First Methodist Church the character of the people, their of Hollywood, Calif., is like the language and nomadic habits, Because the alarming increase fire department and some resbut most discouraging of all the of vice and crime is preventing taurants in that it functions fact that the United States Gov- law enforcement and undermin- twenty-four hours a day, 365 ernment is actually trying to ing the efforts at character build- days a year. This service is preserve old pagan Indian cus- ing, the California Church Coun- rendered in the spirit of Christ toms. cil has formed a "League of and does not end with distribut- Decency" to enlist the churches ing baskets in the holiday sea- Approve World Council of in battling against these evils. son. A few of the things done Churches Last year, juvenile delinquency may be mentioned: over the entire state increased Twelve Evangelical Commun- from 10 to 15 per cent. The The chairman of the commitions in the United States have state authorities are becoming tee was called to a home where more and more lax in their the husband and father was out efforts to control liquor and gambling, and it is recognized

of work, a child sick, and the the Hotel Commodore. In 1836, would not claim to have orig- mother, discouraged and de- they supplied the old Hotel Astor inated it. It was Jesus Christ spondent, had purchased chloro- and there are now 426 hotels on who first said it," and opening form which she was about to use the list of those being served. his Bible the missionary showed to commit suicide. The chloro- It is interesting to know that the verse to the young Mexican.

form was taken away and the many of the Bibles disappear, so After reading it through three child given medical aid. Eventu- that the question of replacement times he exclaimed: "How wonally, the father found: a job and comes up about every third year. derful if everyone knew and the family is now on the road to As to definite results from this used that rule !" economic security. -Monday Morning. work letters received indicate Other services have been: great help in many instances. wheel chair furnished, medicine Hotel managers report that they Porto Ricans Meet Their bought, utility bills paid, helped are often asked for a Bible, if pay rent, helped find new homes, Quota helped keep young people in high one is not found in the room. Cases have been substantiated Bishop Colmore of Porto Rico school and college, furnished where the reading of a hotel is now in the 25th year of his layettes, secured employment, Bible has been the means of re- episcopate. He fee~s that spiritmade funeral arrangements- straining a person from suicide. ual life on the Island is becomthe church paying for the grave, This custom of Bible distribu- ing deeper and more vigorous settling a disputed doctor's bill, tion is now so widespread, settling an insurance claim for a through the New York Bible So- each year; this is indicated in widow. ciety and the Gideons, that a part by the 1,078 baptisms in hotel is not considered properly that diocese last year. Bishop A few more statistics may furnished unless each room con- Colmore challenges the maingive an idea of the magnitude of tains a Bible. land of the United States to this work: 6,233 miles have show a record equal to this. The been driven by one member of Church at Metlakatla, Alaska number of communicants inthe committee in making 1,373 creased by 263 or four per cent visits; 173 different families The Indian Church at Metla- as against an increase of one have been helped in which there katla, near Ketchigan, Alaska, are 339 adults, 337 children; was founded by William Duncan per cent for the whole Church. 1,019 of these visits were for seventy years ago. Its first carrying supplies, 354 for inves- twenty years were directed by Porto Rican Christians, in tigation and counsel. A total of the Episcopal Church of British spite of their terrible poverty, $3,165 in cash has been used. Columbia. It is now under local take pride in giving their full control, and has twelve elders. quota year by year, and as much Its newly installed pastor is a more as possible. Besides, they Congregationalist from Minne- sent gifts last year for flood re- One Result of Home Missions sota. Funds from William Dun- lief, and have contributed to the China Emergency Fund. Here is an illustration of what may be accomplished by home -Spirit of Missions.

mission work. Thirty-five years can's estate support the church, It's Training That Counts ago, the Lafayette Avenue Pres- which is independent. Duncan byterian Church of Brooklyn "My understanding of the sent a young man, Harry S. established a sawmill and can- principles of justice probably Murdock, to Buckhorn, Ken- ning factory which pay the cost differs somewhat from yours, tucky, to preach to the backward because I was trained in a people there. After thirty-two of city administration, and sup- Presbyterian Sunday school," years of service he died, leaving ply water and electric light, so said a prominent Porto Rican an entire presbytery of 37 lawyer to a member of the cabchurches which had their origin that every home has electricity, inet. Here is the cabinet mem- and there are no taxes.

-Presbyterian Tribune.

under his ministry. There is LATIN AMERICA ber's reply: "If your underalso at Buckhorn a school of 400 standing of justice differs from pupils, an orphanage, hospital, If Everyone Obeyed the mine, it is because the teachers mission farm and various other Golden Rule! in the Presbyterian Sunday institutions. "By the way," said a young school where I was trained were In honor of this founder, Ken- better than those who taught federal employee to a mission- you." -Dr. Angel Archilla. tucky has named a new state ary in Mexico, "I have been told road Murdock Trail. that in the United States they "Applied Meditation" in Cuba have a beautiful motto-per- More Bibles for Hotels haps a law or decree-some- At the close of a religious Placing Bibles in hotels is a thing about doing for others conference in Cardenas, Cuba, practice of more than 100 years' what you would like them to do the young. people in attendance standing with the New York for you. Can you tell me what agreed that the most helpful fea- Bible Society. Just before this is?" To which the mission- tUre had been the hour of "ap- Easter new Bibles went for the ary replied: "The government plied meditation" in the mornfirst time into the 1,956 rooms of officials know about this law, but ing, when each sought a place

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of prayer. It was here they said widow and several children liv- of a permanent Bible Room in they found their place in future ing in surroundings not fit for the British Museum. The exhi- Christian work. Opportunities animals, undertook to clean bition at Sion College includes were offered to enlist in the dif- things up. She got clothing and some of the most famous ediferent activities of the Church. shoes for the most needy, and tions ever published, one being took one of the children to pub- the "Great Bible," printed in Among their practical under- lic health clinic. "She's really 1539, partly in London and parttakings was the pUblication of a ill-take her to the hospital," ly in Paris. In 1540, it was reweekly paper to be financed by said the clinic doctor, but at the printed in London as "Cranthe young people themselves, hospital there was no room. mer's Bible," and contained a and promoted through the activ- Back she had to go to her miser- preface by that ill-fated archities of their societies. This able home while the liguena con- bishop. Copies of the four polyweekly will take the place of the sulted the Red Cross. "Send her glot Bibles are in the exhibit. supplement in the monthly mag- to our clinic," they said, but on azine, Herald Cristiano. clinic day the child was too ill The Bible Room at the Mu- to be moved. So the League seum is designed to show the -Monday Morning. woman, not to be daunted, is history of the Scriptures in Eng- herself giving what treatment lish from earliest times. Half Indians Seeking aNew and help she can, teaching the the exhibits are in manuscript Religion mother at least the rudiments of form. The middle English period sanitation, and living up to the is represented by psalters. Then A group of Indians – the League motto, "Saved to Serve." there is a series of Wycliffe edi- Aymaras-who live behind the tions, which were forbidden unmountains that divide Lake Titi- -Presbyterian News til the 16th century, when one caca from the fertile lowlands Service. copy, here shown, was presented of Bolivia's interior, sent a few to Queen Elizabeth. soldiers to the war between Bo- New "Y" in Buenos Aires livia and Paraguay over the The printed editions began Chaco. One of them came with The Y. M. C. A. of Buenos with the only surviving fraga tale of a new religion, which Aires realized a dream of many ment of Tyndale's New Testahe began to tell his neighbors. years when it opened its new, ment. Cromwell's injunction is He told them that these evangel- modern building last June. It is shown beside the "Great Bible." icals did not lie or steal, that strategically located in the heart A woodcut on the title page they did not drink, not even at of the city and greatly extends shows Henry VIII handing the feast times, that they did not the service of the "Y." About Bible to Cromwell and Archbisquarrel with each other, and 5,000 people visited the building hop Cranmer; while below, a that they were happy because on the opening day, and some crowd of people have streamers God loved them. 1,000 made use of the athletic issuing from their mouths bear- department the first day it was ing the legend: "God Saue the Evidently the story made a available. Public confidence in Kyng." great impression on the Indians the Association's work is eviin this village, for they soon be- denced by a government grant Quakers in Spain gan to try to live according to of $92,000, of which the first inthe principles of the story, and stallment has been paid. Local It was a year last August left off drinking and stealing donations of $60,000 more have since the first group under the from one another. They have been received. Non-partisan Child Feeding Misrecently asked that a teacher be sion of the American Friends' sent to them. They have no reli- The Buenos Aires organiza- Service Committee went to gious guidance of any kind. tion dates from 1902, and since Spain to work on both sides of then it has constantly main- the conflict. The work is spon- -Christian Advocate. tained an all-round program of sored by the Federal Council, youth development by which and other religious and social How Chilean Women Work more than 40,000 young men organizations. In all, nine Amer- have profited. Its budget is icans have gone: four Friends, Chilean Christian women have raised entirely by fees and local two Mennonites, two Brethren a Liga, or League for Service. contributions. and one Methodist. Absolute Besides the work they do as a commitment to the way of peace group-sewing and knitting for -Christian Century. and spiritual sensitiveness have the poor, visiting jails, houses been regarded as essential qualiof correction, orphanages, asy- EUROPE fications, in addition to special lums, hospitals and homes-they training and general ability. Two lose few chances for individual "First" Bibles on Display of the American representatives service. A liguena offered to have been social workers, three take into her own home the child The 100th anniversary of the missionaries, one a peace workof a very poor woman who was setting up of the English Bible er, one a youth leader, one a stuto go to the hospital. Another in parish churches is being cele- dent and one an accountant. At set out to prevent the marriage brated in London this year by present three workers are in of a girl of fourteen to a man an historic exhibition at Sion much older. Another, finding a College, and t~e establishment

loyalist Spain, two in nationalist is lessened for those who have maintain a keen religious life in territory, as compared with the not been in this organization. each of its members, it organizes original one worker on each side. Those already in office are for- pilgrimages in Yugoslavia and bidden to send their children to Palestine and also "retreats." The first great need was found church schools. Its members undertake to pray to be for milk. Four milk sta- every day and to read religious tions have been established, and The above mentioned visitor books. Many villages have been women come as far as six miles, to Austria quotes verbatim one transformed, new churches have bringing undernourished babies of the leaflets which is being cir- been built. When a lecture was to these depots, the only places culated in Austria containing given on the organization and in that part of Spain where milk "50 points" directed against objectives of the Pilgrims, the is obtainable. Workshops for Christianity. This leaflet is one speaker ended with the quesrefugee women and girls were of a number that were issued to tion: "Do you believe that started and a boys' workshop the girls' section of the Hitler Christ will vanquish all difficulproduces alpargatos, or rope- Youth: ties and overcome all his adversoled sandals. The women sup- saries?" Fifteen thousand anply bedding for hospitals under Christianity is a religion for slaves swered with one voice: "Yes, the care of Friends which are and fools. For example, it says, we believe that."-Advance. run by English nurses. "The last shall be first" and "Blessed are the poor in spirit." New Oppression in Russia -Christian Century. Christianity is equivalent to Com- According to a recent news Protestant Committee in munism. bulletin, instruction in atheism Belgium will be required in all schools of German culture was on a high level Soviet Russia, beginning with In accordance with a recom- before Christianity, and has been an- 1939. A pedagogical institute mendation made last year by the nihilated by it. for instruction in atheism is to Congo Protestant Council, a be established to prepare teach- Committee has been formed in There is no Christian culture. ers for their new duties. Belgium, known as the Comite Christianity was nowhere desired, Consultati/ des Missions Prot- but pushed itself in everywhere. Jaroslavsky, head of the Soestantes du Congo Belge. Re- Christianity has corrupted the Ger- ciety of the Godless, has declared garding this Committee, the mans, acquainting them with concep- that atheism in Russia is now in Council suggested: tions, such as theft and adultery, the last stage of its struggle which were previously unknown to against religion. The year 1942', That its purpose be to create and them. he says, will mark the jubilee of maintain contacts between the Evan- How did Christ die? Whimpering the Soviet Union and the great gelical Churches in Belgium and the on the Cross. And how did Planetta festival of the victory of athe- Protestant Mission work in Congo. (the assassin of Dollfuss) die? He ism. By 1967, after half a cen- cried out, "Heil Hitler! Long live tury of communism, he predicts That it guide by its counsel Chris- Germany." that the 230,000,000 population tian men and women from the various The Ten Commandments are the of Russia will be completely godchurches in Belgium who offer them- expression of the lowest human in- less. Churches and cathedrals selves for missionary service in Con- stincts. will then be only a casual rego. A good people does not need a membrance of an early period. Saviour; only a bad people. There is one important omission That it make the Protestant work Nero was quite right to persecute in the plan: God is not taken inin Congo more widely known in Bel- the Christians. to account. gium, especially by the press, and defend its cause when required. Some of the "50 points," the AFRICA correspondent notes, are too ob- The Committee will work in scene to print; yet these leaflets Fellowship in Egypt cooperation with the Congo are issued to boys and girls at Council, and three of the larg- the most impressionable age. One of the most remarkable est and most important Belgian services of modern times was Protestant groups have appoint- Yugoslavia's Pilgrims held this year in the Anglican ed representatives to serve on Cathedral in Cairo. The service the Commission. Those who like to claim they was planned by the "Fellowship are descendants of the Pilgrims of Unity," which draws into its -Congo Mission News. will be interested to know of a ranks the Greek, Armenian, Cop- new development in the Ortho- tic and other Eastern Churches, Nazi Influence in Austria dox Church of Yugoslavia called as well as the Presbyterians, the "Pilgrim's Movement," Anglicans, French Evangelicals, Nazi authorities in Austria which is increasing in effective- GeI1man Lutherans, Methodists gain their point in a roundabout ness. Its influence is felt among and the Church of Sweden. way. One who has recently re- the country people as well as turned from that country re- among the intelligentsia, and its Seven languages were emports that no Catholic is ap- monthly periodical has a circula- ployed in the service. The openpointed to important office, and tion of 35,000. The aim of the this is the procedure; no church Movement is to promote a life trained boy may belong to "Hit- that is truly Christian, on the ler Youth," and only "Hitler basis of the Gospel. Its first Youths" can hold office; the principle is that all propagation prospect for other employment of Christianity must begin with a transformation of personal life. In additio~ to seeking to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing part was corporate thanks- Jesus Christ. Quietly and unobtru- fact that so many countries, giving in which the Greek, Ar- sively His command to preach that widely separated geographicalmenian and Coptic Churches joined with the Anglican, Pres- Gospel is being carried out in Dji- ly, have combined to send 6,000,000 doses of vaccine to bouti, by word of mouth, by the wit- ness of changed lives, and by the byterian, French and German circulation of the written Word. Dis- China to check the spread of communities. Another feature tribution of portions of Scripture and cholera. Australia and Ceylon of the service was the uniting of phamphlets is carried on, and Bibles have each sent to the Chinese in English, French, Italian, Arabic, Health Administration 500,000 the choir of the Cathedral with Amharic and Gujerati have been the Greek, Armenian and Coptic given to all those really interested. doses, the American Red Cross -Life of Faith. 3,000,000 doses, the Pasteur Inchoirs. A climax was reached when in English Psalm CI was stitute at Hanoi 500,000 doses, sung. It was a fitting culmina- Africa Christian Missions Rumania 1,000,000 doses, Jugo- tion to this great act of praise in The Africa Christian Missions slavia 500,000 doses, and Turso many tongues, and the Cathe- is an independent Baptist mis- key 1,000,000 doses. Gifts of dral rang with the familiar sion operating in French West cholera vaccines have also been words. received from the Serum Insti- Africa, with its center in the tute at Copenhagen, the Egyp- -Baptist Missionary Re- capital of the Niger Colony, a tian Ministry of Health, and the view (India). cosmopolitan town of about Institute of Bacteriology at 20,000, including Europeans and Buenos Aires. Sona Bata Medical School natives from every section of West Africa. It is on the main It would seem reasonable for Government diplomas were caravan route across the desert, governments and people to unite given for the first time to grad- and Arabs from Morocco, Al- as readily to stamp out the evils uates of the American Baptist giers and Tunisia are thus of war and class hatred, with all Medical School at Sona Bata, brought into the sphere of the their attendant suffering. Belgian Congo at their first com- Mission's influence. mencement last March. Govern- -The Christian. ment officials took part in the The work is mainly among the exercises, and those present in- Djerma tribe, which numbers Per Capita Giving cluded other state representa- about 250,000 – all Moslems. tives, members of near-by Prot- Preaching services in other than There has been an increase of 79 cents in the average per capestant and Catholic Missions; the mission's own buildings are ita giving of the members of the also, the American consul and forbidden by the government; 25 leading Protestant denomina- accordingly, every opportunity tions of the United States and his wife. The five .graduates is seized for making contacts with individuals, and these con- Canada for the past statistical have all taken places of Chris- versations attract many of the year, according to figures pubtian medical service for their lished by the Philadelphia Eveown people. curious, who also hear the Gos- ning Bulletin. The 79 cents in- – Watchman-Examiner. pel. crease a person means an aver- In French Somaliland Market day provides another age gift of $13.25 and a total opportunity. The same method gift increase of $14,602,188, Informal meetings for edu- is used-the curious listening in though there was at the same cated young Arabs and Somalis, as the claims of Christ are pre- time a decline of 412,148 in the for discussion and comparison sented to a single person. Por- combined membership of these of the Bible and the Koran, are tions of the Scripture are dis- denominations. proving worth while in the pro- tributed to those who prove gram of the Bible Churchmen's their ability to read either Testaments for Jews Missionary Society at Djibouti, French, Arabic or the native French Somaliland. The num- tongue. Medical work is under- The Alliance Weekly reports bers vary according to the de- taken in a small way, each pa- the launching of a campaign for gree of Moslem hostility, but ten tient thereby providing another the prayerful distribution of a or twelve men of different na- opportunity for the presentation quarter of a million New Testationalities are regular attend- of the way of salvation through ments among Jews in various ants. Several of these have ac- Christ. A school is maintained lands. A special Testament is cepted Christ as Saviour. In in which the Bible is the text- being prepared, in which verses view of the bitter opposition cer- book. Classes in reading, writ- that signify the fulfilment of Old tain to be met, the question of ing and Bible memory work are Testament prophecies appear in open testimony is a difficult one. held for the natives, and there bold face type, thus showing the are classes in doctrine and evan- Jews that the New Testament Summing up the work of the gelism for the believers. is the completion and fulfilment past twelve months, the leader of Old Testament revelation, and of the movement says: International Cooperation that Jesus is the true Messiah, and the Saviour of both Jews Of spiritual achievement there can Those who despair of ever and Gentiles. A great volume be no computation. A large number seeing cooperation among na- of intercessory prayer is being of people-running into hundreds- tions may take courage from the sought. have been touched in one way or another by the Gospel of our Lord

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~========~==============~=====I~ The Household of Faith. By Arthur The biography is brief and to destroy or degrade men and Emerson Harris. 232 pp. $2.00. largely factual. The author, who women, body and soul. This has Fleming H. Revell Company, New also wrote the life of the late F. been clearly evidenced since the York,1938. B. Meyer, gathered this mate- days of Noah and the evil effects rial during the subject's lifetime of alcohol are very far reaching. Dr. Harris, a professor in and then died before the book Miss Reed's leaflet is full of in- Eastern Baptist Theological was published. He tells the story teresting and important facts Seminary, discusses the author- of boyhood struggles, of fruitful that speak powerfully against ity and trustworthiness of the service in four important pas- the evils of intoxicating drinks. Bible, the person and second torates, of soul-stirring religious The medical accuracy of the coming of Jesus, the message of work among the soldiers in the statements is vouched for by the Gospel, the Church as "the World War, of wide-reaching eminent physicians and the spir- Household of Faith," the wit- influence as a secretary of the itual truth is endorsed by promnessing duty and privilege of its Board of National Missions, and inent clergymen. Here is a sane members, immortality, the tran- of nation-wide travel as moder- and convincing study of a great scendent call of Christ, and re- ator of the Presbyterian Church, evil. Missionaries and pastors lated subjects. The treatment is U.S. A. who wish to warn and fortify in a popular style which sug- their people against intoxicants gests that most of them were Dr. McDowell was the author will find here a great storehouse originally sermons or chapel of several books and of many of facts gathered from scientific talks. The viewpoint is that of important papers but only two investigation and from sad exa firm conservative in theology of his messages-"A Challenge perience. So Roger W. Babson and Biblical interpretation. to Loyalty" and "The Basis for says: "We ought to work des- Some statements will probably a Better World"-are given in perately for prohibition of any be challenged by those who in- the two appendices. We ,wish evil, like intoxicating drink, that terpret the Bible differently; there might have been more of is destroying and degrading our but the author's spirit is irenic his messages on Bible truths, on youth." and not controversial. the Christian solution of social problems, and on mission work The Case Against Japan. By Charles ARTHUR J. BROWN. for Jews and Gentiles. The R. Shepherd. 242 pp. $2.50. Daniel chapter on "The Closing Years" Ryerson, Inc., New York, 1938. The Life of John McDowell. By A. was written by Dr. Charles J. Chester Mann. Illus. 12 Mo. 139 Turck, a fellow worker with Dr. If, as is commonly believed, pp. $1.50. The Westminster Press, McDowell in the Board of Chris- Japanese bureaus of informa- Philadelphia, 1938. tian Education. Those who read tion in America send to Tokyo these brief chapters will be in- copies of all publications here True stories of personal spired with new courage in the that deal with Japan, one may heroism and sacrificial service face of difficulties, and new safely assume that this volume have a strong appeal for read- loyalty to high Christian ideals will not be permitted to go outers of all ages. Here is a re- and methods in social and eco- side beyond the censor's office. markable record of a young boy nomic life. It is exactly what its title sugwho overcame serious handicaps gests, and is a tremendously and became an honored Chris- Alcohol-Its Physiological and Psy- strong "Case against Japan." tian leader in America, receiv- chological Effects and Their Social The author has had ample oping the highest honors his Consequences. By Mary Lewis Reed, portunity to ascertain the facts Church could confer. Boys will R. N. 15 cents each. $10.00 per since he was formerly professor be interested to learn how he be- thousand. Published by the Author. of history in Graves Theological came proficient in tennis-with 468 Fourth Ave., New York. 193-7. Seminary, Canton. He has travone arm; preachers will be in- eled extensively in China and terested in his victory over Christian missions are an or- was there in 1936 when the J apa stammering tongue; social ganized endeavor to save men anese landed a large force of workers will find much to learn and women by the power of the marines and personally witin McDowell's ideas and ideals Spirit of God. Alcohol, as a bevas to economics and social jus- erage, is the devil's choice tool tice.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 5581 nessed their depredations. He uously to raise the standard of carryon this work to an unusual rightly considers that the con- degree. This book shows how flict now being waged is not the musical appreciation and to add this has been accomplished. Dr. beginning but rather the cul- Chisholm has made an outstandmination of a long series of ag- reverence and beauty to the ing record as a physician and gressions. He therefore devotes has been elected a Fellow of the the first part of his volume to a ministry of sacred song. American College of Surgeons concise survey of the historical but his chief interest is not the antecedents of the present situa- In a book of this limited com- curing of men's bodies, importion. He recounts the Japanese tant as that work is, but the occupation of Korea and Man- pass the treatment of historical healing of their souls through churia, the notorious Twenty- the preaching of the Gospel of one Demands, the attack on material must necessarily be out- the Lord Jesus Christ. To a stu- Shanghai in 1932, and other dent of missions the book is of . events. Then he proceeds to de- lined, yet the selection has been interest in showing how a misscribe the "undeclared war" now sion hospital can and should be, in progress. He vividly pictures made with unusual skill and not only closely united with the the ruthlessness of the Japanese, evangelistic work of the whole their indiscriminate slaughter of there is a valuable bibliography mission station but should itself helpless civilians, their abuse of become a center of active evanwomen, and the baselessness of for those who wish to make gelism, and the means of foundthe specious reasons they ad- ing new churches in hitherto unvance to justify their course. It more extended study. In com- reached districts through the is a gruesome story, and frank- contacts made with the patients. ly ex parte, but it is buttressed mon with most intelligent stu- The book reveals anew the possiby uncontrovertible facts, and bilities in personal work, even in by citations from official docu- dents in this field Mrs. Adams the most difficult conditions and ments that are of historic rec- it will furnish another link in ord. The indignant protest of deplores the flood of superficial the long and well tested chain of the author sometimes verges on evidence to the supernatural life the declamatory, and he uses too and transient hymns which and power inherent in the Word many lurid adjectives, but it is of God. hard to be moderate and judicial have appeared in recent popular in writing about the crowning This vivid record of a physiatrocity of this generation. collections and calls attention to cian's experiences deserves a wide circulation among young ARTHUR J. BROWN. the unquestioned fact that only people. They will be attracted by the well told narratives and Studies in Hymnology. By Mrs. hymns which are rooted in the it should arouse new interest in Crosby Adams. 96 pp. $1.00. the cause of Christian missions. Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn., Scripture have permanence and Seeing souls reclaimed through 1938. the Gospel are the rich rewards spiritual value. of a life given to the proclama- An important contribution to tion of Christ in the non-Christhe growing literature on hym- A variety of settings of the tian lands. nology is this highly informing volume by Mrs. Adams. While Twenty-third Psalm used by the T. STANLEY SOLTAU. prepared as a textbook for study classes, it should have a wider Church during the centuries are "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the mission in broadening musical China Inland Mission. Dr. and intelligence among all Christian a striking feature of the book Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illus. 8 vo. groups. Pastors, choir leaders, 364 pp. $1.25. China Inland Mischurch officers and all who have and well illustrate the eternal sion. Philadelphia, Pa. 1938. to do with the service of worship will find here a wealth of vitality of the earliest manual of "There were grants in those valuable material-in fact, an in- days" when the China Inland troduction to Christian hymnol- praise. HUGH R. MONRO. Mission was born. Here is the ogy. The spiritual discernment story of fifty years of work of and sympathy with which Mrs. Vivid Experiences in Korea. By Dr. the Mission in North America, Adams deals with the great mu- W. Chisholm. IIlus. 146 pp. and of Henry W. Frost, for most sical heritage of the Church is $1.00. Bible Institute Colportage of that time the efficient Home the reflection of a lifetime of Assn., Chicago. 1938. Director for North America. It rich musical and cultural asso- is a remarkable, intimate story, ciations as author, composer, For fifteen years Dr. Chisholm well told, showing the rewards teacher and lecturer. She has has been a member of the Chosen of faith and courage, the labors won a high place in that devoted Mission of the Presbyterian of love and the reality of God's group who have labored assid- Church in the U. S. A. He has guidance and power. Much of been living in Syenchun, North this story is gathered from Dr. Chosen, where the work has seen such a remarkable development. The book is both a strong apolo- getic for medical missions and a splendid spiritual tonic as well.

Dr. Chisholm has written in a graphic conversational style which is easy reading and gives the reader many interesting glimpses of Korean country life, as well as some of the joys and discomforts which are the lot of any missionary engaged in coun- try itineration. The suggestive portrayals of various phases of native life and of Christian ac- tivities.

One of the outstanding fea- tures of the work of the Presby- terian Mission in Korea has been the emphasis placed upon per- sonal evangelism as the duty of every missionary and of every native Christian. All mission institutions, including hospitals and schools, have been used to

Frost's autobiographical notes, made by non-Catholics) that aids of coercion and punishment. letters and other records. . . . Far better is it to defend "the Protestants were as bad," the truth by loving, exploring, Henry W. Frost was born in declaring and obeying it, than Detroit, Michigan, of godly par- the writer demonstrates that by rousing against it, through ents; was graduated from the imposition of restraint, the Princeton; went into business persecution of Catholics by Prot- enmity of the rebel and the still and politics and then into work more subtle enmity of the cowfor God and the China Inland estants differed at vital points ard and the hypocrite." Mission. Here is a story of God's dealings. with the Mission from persecution the other way KENNETH J. FOREMAN. and the man; of the lessons he learned; of his growing faith about. Not only was persecu- Out of the East. India's Search for and courage and the fruitage in God. By Wm. A. Stanton. Illus. the work. It is a spiritual his- tion (where it existed) by Prot- 192 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell tory and is rich in spiritual les- Co. New York. 1938. sons to Mission Boards, to estants less severe than by churches and to individuals. Dr. With a knowledge of the In- Frost, and his wife as well, are Catholics, but it was evoked by dian people developed through shown in their quiet gentleness; forty years of missionary servtheir loving, sacrificial service, Catholic aggression, prompted ice in South India, a clear mind, their humble faith, and cheerful a warm heart and a graphic pen, obedience. The growth of the by Catholic example, was will- Dr. Stanton describes India's China Inland Mission has been search for God as he has witremarkable. Its record is in- ingly discontinued, and on prin- nessed it. The author and his spiring. There are rewarding wife went out under the Ameriglimpses of such men as J. Hud- ciple cannot be renewed. As to can Baptist Board in 1892 and son Taylor, D. L. Moody, Wm. J. settled among the Telugus where Erdman, and others. Those who past and present the evidence is there has been such a remarkread this history will find their able response to the Christian faith strengthened, their ideals irresistible. As to the future message. of service elevated, and their spiritual life stimulated. policies and probabilities, all as- Dr. Stanton sees the dire need of India for Christ and he notes Roman Catholicism and Freedom. sertions must naturally be a signs of the religious hunger of By Cecil John Cadoux, M.A.Oxon., the Hindus. He has seen the Hon. D. D. Edin, Professor of matter of opinion; but where great Christward movement of Church History at Mansfield Col- the Untouchables and its influ- lege, Oxford University. Third this is based solidly on the anal- ence on the Sudras. He is con- Edition with additional notes. 201 vinced of the fact that the only pages. 5 shillings net. Independ- ogy of past and present experi- abiding and transforming re- ent Press. London. sults in mission work come ence, and the likelihood that through the work of the spirit This is a book you will seldom of God. see advertised and very seldom basic principles will not be abanreviewed, for reasons which the After a general description of author himself points out. It is doned, the argument is sound. India and its modern progress, a frank warning against the Ro- Dr. Stanton gives the evidence man Catholic Church, not by And such a base this argument of India's search for God as seen some fanatical irresponsible in their Hindu sacred books and pamphleteer but by a professor has. Dr. Cadoux makes a strong in their religious worship. He of Church history in one of the tells of the awakening of the world's greatest universities. He case, virtually incontestable. His outcastes and among caste peogives a factual record of the Ro- ples, of the rescue of Indian man Catholic Church's deliber- thesis is that since Rome's the- womanhood and of the upheaval ate and official opinion, during in Bengal. Then he very effecthe nineteenth century, on the ory of infallibility and of the tively tells the stories of some subject of persecution; together Christian converts from Hinduwith the evidence of actual perse- right to persecute remain the ism-Dr. K. C. Banurji, Naracution practiced by that Church yan Vaman Tilak, Pandita Rain areas as widely scattered as same (except that the death pen- mabai and Sadhu Sundar Singh. Malta, Ireland and Madagascar. Here is an excellent book for No medireval bogies are resur- alty may not again be invoked), reading circles and for mission rected; the illustrations are con- study classes. temporary. Catholic propagan- wherever Rome gains power she da is likewise described, in many The difference of race contributes forms. Against the retort (often will again attempt to crush out to the richness of the world. There is no ground for assigning intrinsic all other forms of religious faith. superiority of one race over another. -Sir Walter Moberly, London. Notes bringthis third edition up to date, answering some of the criticisms leveled at earlier edi- tions,and paying attention to the relation of the Roman Church to events in Spain and Abyssinia.

While the writer's special inter- est is naturally in Great Britain, and although the Catholic popu- lation of the United States is still a minority, the warning is not less important for us. If the entire case is as mildly put as in the points where the writer crosses the reviewer's knowl- edge, the book is certainly an un- derstatement rather than an exaggeration. The basic and es- sential point however is not a matter of individual incidents but of fundamental principles.

The difference between Catholic and Protestant here is well ex- pressed (p. 123).: "If Catholics have in their dogmas the faith they profess, they ought to be willing to trust to the power of their truth to cthoenveinxcteranmeoeun~ without needing

Reed Honored The Printed Page is a

The name of Mary Reed of that never tires, never flinches, never grows disheartened. Chandag Heights, India, is high- It travels cheaply and works while others sleep. ly hOlored, especially among friends of the lepers. She will The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems be 84 years of age on December 4th, and her birthday will be cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and interdenominawidely celebrated. From many tional Committees on the field is subsidizing the production of lands messages of love and ap- Christian literature for many lands and in several languages. preciation for her fifty-five years of missionary service will come Will you help to meet the challenge of increasing opportunities to to this white-haired heroine who send the Gospel in print to Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, India, Iran? learned forty-eight years ago tliat she had contracted leprosy REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., President while serving as a missionary of MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, Honorary Vice President the Methodist Episcopal Church. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, First Vice President Instead of bewailing her lot, REV. THOMAS S. DONOHUGH, Second Vice President Miss Reed returned to India to REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.O., Cor. Secretary serve the lepers. God answered MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Treasurer her prayer and the disease was arrested so that she has been Make checks payable to the American Christian Literature Soable to spend nearly a half cen- ciety for Moslems, and send them to the Treasurer, Room 1019, tury in this service-and with- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. out a furlough. In America there will be celebrations of the anni- lB. Lesson Books, Scholar's Read- Dannie and the Alabaster Box. Conversary at Lowell and other ing Book, 2d., Scholar's Questions, stance Savery. 62 pp. 9d. Picker- Ohio towns associated with Miss 1d. S. P. G. London. ing & Inglis. London. Reed. A commemorative tablet is to be placed on the site of her Everyday Life in India. Two Outline For This Cause. Inabelle Graves birthplace and home at Lowell. Friezes. 18. S. P. G. London. Coleman. 199 pp. Pamphlet. 25 A dramatization of episodes in cents. Boardman Press. Nashville. Miss Reed's life has been pre- Let Us Build. P. E. Burroughs. 154 pared by Miss Lulu Irwin, Mid- pp. 60 cents. Broadman Press. Gateway to Tibet. Robert E. Ekvall, west secretary of the American Nashville. F.R.G.S. 198 pp. Christian Publi- Mission to Lepers. Ganga Ram, cations. Harrisburg, Pa. one of Miss Reed's India boys, Himself. The Autobiography of a writes: "Miss Reed educated me Hindu Lady. From a Classic in Joe Lives in the City. Jeanette Perand taught me to trust and know Marathi. By Ramabai Ranade. kins Brown. 36 pp. 25 cents. IlIus. God, the Father of us all. My Translated by Katherine Van Akin Friendship Press. New York. daily life speaks of her good Gates. 252 pp. $2.00. Longmans, teaching and glorifies the name Green & Co. New York. Report of the Keswick Convention. of our Saviour." 1938. 308 pp. 28. 6d. paper, 48. Annual Report of the China Inland boards. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- New Books Mission. 1938. Edited by L. T. don. Lyall. 110 pp. C. I. M. Phila- Calendars-Young Folks Calendar; delphia. ' The Meaning of Moody. P. Whitwell Grace and Truth; Daily Manna; Wilson. 157 pp. $1.50. Revell. 18 ea.; Golden Grain Daily Medi- The Christ. A. Wendell Ross. A Ne,! York. 'tation, lB. 6d.; Golden Terx;t, lB. 3d. Harmonized Study of the Gospel Daily Light Almanac, 13hd.; Our Records. 222 pp. $2.00. Fleming No Speedier Way. Golden Jubilee of Home Almanac, 1d.; The Bible H. Revell Co. New York. the Christian Literature Society of Almanac, 2d. Pickering & Inglis. China, 1887-1937. 144 pp. $1.20. London. AdvlE'ntures of Service. Stories of Christian Literature Soc. Shanghai. modern Pioneers. D. M. Gill and The Directory of World Missions. A. M. Pullen. 127 pp. $1.00 cloth, Out of the East. India's Search for Edited by Joseph I. Parker. 255 pp. 50 cents paper. Friendship Press. God. William A. Stanton. 192 pp. $2.00. International Missionary! New York. $1.50. Revell. New York. Council. London and New York. Blue Skies. Louise Harrison McCraw. The Presbyterians. The Story of a Indian Uplands. Some Stories of the 262 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Pub. Staunch and Sturdy People. Wil- Church in Chota Nagpur. Edward House. Grand Rapids.' liam Thompson Hansche. 194 pp. H. Whitley. 67 pp. S. P. G. Lon- $1.25. Westminster Press. Phila. don. Bird 'Voices, ,sonnets, Battle-Dore. William Bacon Evans. 68 pp. 25 A Sari for Sita. Nina Millen. 36 pp. Indian Brothers. Story Lessons for cents. Friends Book Store. Phila. 25 cents. IlIus. Friendship Press. Little Children. Dorothy Meadows. New York. 31 pp. S. P. G. London. "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland – Mission. 364 pp. Tales from Many Lands. Stories for Conquest of the Jungle. Stories of $1.25. China Inland Mission. Phila. Juniors. IlIus. 127 pp. 50 cents. the Kingdom of God in Chota Morehouse-Gorham. New York. Nagpur. Dorothy Harris. 70 pp. A History of the Expansion of Chris- tianity. Vol. II. Kenneth Scott Tales from India. Basil Mathews. Latourette. 492 pp. $6.00. Har- 96 pp. 50 cents paper, $1.00 cloth. per & Bros. New York. IlIus. Friendship Press. New York.

~ ~bri~tma~ ~ift ~uggt~tfon

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1931

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CANADIAN OBITUARY PACIFIC •••••••• TO TIlE BISHOP WILLIAM BENJAMIN BEAU- World'. OG…..R… T.i…£…. n.,….r.. CHAMP, president of the Board of Missions and Superintendent of the Tenth Episcopal District of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, died June 28th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REV'IEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA of Japan is in America and his engagements are as fol- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor lows: From July 27th to August 9th he was attending Y. M. C. A. conferences in CONTENTS-September, 1931 Toronto and Cleveland. August 10th-12th he was in Chicago, Ill., at the Divinity SPECIAL HOME MISSION NUMBER School, University of Chicago; Septem- ber 1st-7th he is booked for the Earl Page Lectures, Pacific School of Religion, MAP-FRONTISPIECE …….•……. Berkeley, California; September 8th- 12th he will be at Oakland, Calif., at "'VHERE THE UNCHURCHED A1IER]~ Mills College, and September 16th-20th CANS LIVE,l' in Portland, Ore., at Reed College. On September 26th-28th he goes to Oberlin, RELIGION IN AMERICA – WHITHER? Ohio, to give three lectures in the Grad- uate School of Theology and October Sth- ••……..••••• HU(}H rTnOhlAS KERR 645 10th he is to give the Shaffer Lectures at the Yale Divinity School. Then, Oc- HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED …. tober 14th-16th, he returns to Toronto, •••••••••••• SAMUEf. SHOEMAKER, JR. 651 Canada, to lecture under the joint aus- pices of School of Missions and Foreigu EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUB- Mission Boards. LIN ••••••…••.• REGINAI,D WALLIS 657 *** THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS .•••••..•……… E. D. KOHLSTEDT 661 PROFESSOR W. C. WILLOUGHBY of the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED Connecticut, has retired from work in the AMERICANS? ……………… . school and returned to England with ……•••.••. E],]ZAnETH R. HOOKER 667 Mrs. Willoughby. He has rendered a distinguished service to Africa and to UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MIS- the missionary enterprise during his SIONS …•. , .• HERMANN N. MORSE 673 twelve years as Professor of Missions in Africa. The Trustees of the Foundation HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY granted him the degree of S.T.D., and CHURCH GONE? •.• MALCOLM DANA 679 made him professor emeritus.

CAN AMERICA ENDURE WITHOUT RE- LIGION? …..•••. JOHN McDow",,!, 6R4 AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL ••..•…••..••.•••…••. PAUl, AUH 687 METHODS F'OR WORKERS ………. . PROFESSOR ANDREW F. HENSEY, who …………… MRs. F. 1. JOHNSON 690 has recently returned from the Belgian Congo, has taken up the work of Prof. WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL- Willoughby in the Kennedy School of LETIN . . . . . . . . • . EDITED BY HELEN Missions. He was formerly a member M. BRICKMAN AND Fr,oRENCE TYLER 692 of faculty of the College of Missions in Indianapolis and is a member of the WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •••.••.••… 698 Royal Belgian Commission for the Pro- tection of Natives in the Congo. Recently BOOKS WORTH READING .•…..•..• 713 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Geo- graphic Society. TERMs'-$2.50 II year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreiga postage, 50 cents. Single copies, *** 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM· CARLTON M. SHERWOOD is new General PANY, INC. All rights reserved. Secretary of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, elected at the Gold- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING en Jubilee Convention, San Francisco, 'in COMPANY, INc. which ten thousand young delegates par- ticipated. President Daniel A. Poling ROBlDllT E. SPEER., President called Mr. Sherwood "the field marshal WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ldent of a new advance," for the enlarging program of this Christian youth move- DJ:LAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ment. Goals in evangelism, worship, W ALTIIIQ ~IcDoUGALJ., Treasurer membership, tithing, Christian citizen- Publication Omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, ship, church unity, and world peace form Pa. 2Gc a copy. $2.50 a year. the basis of the new program of 80,000 societies in the churches of more than Editorial and Business Omee, 1M Fifth Avenue, 80 denominations. Mr. Sherwood is a native of Buffalo, N. Yo, and became New York City president of the Christian Endeavor Union of that city at the age of eighteen. Entered as Becond~clnsB matter a.t the Post He served actively on three fronts in the . Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March World War and upon the signing of the ·S, 1879. armistice became reli~ious work director at Flag Hut, Brest, France. On returning to the United States, he was for CHARLES G. HURLBURT, of the Unevanseven years general secretary of the New gelized Africa Mission, died March 21st. York State Christian Endeavor Union. He was taken ill in French Equatorial Africa, was brought to Aba Station and *** from there to the South Congo where he died. MRS. BURL T. SCHUYLER, M.D., a medical missionary of the Presbyterian *** Church to Ambala, India, has been THE REV. JOHN HUNTER STEARNS, awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal member of the Council of the Inland in recognition of her outstanding medical South America Missionary Union, died at Torrington, Conn., in May. He was work in India, especially the leper asy- also connected with the National Bible lum in Ambala. . Institute.

*** * ** ROBERT E. LEWIS, for many years gen- THE REV. GEORGE S. MINER, D.D., reeral secretary of the Cleveland Y. M. tired missionary of the Methodist Board C. A., is sailing for China in September, who had spent 37 years in China, died where he will become personal adviser to the Chinese minister of foreign affairs, .. .. . July 3d, at Houston, Texas. Dr. C. T. Wang. Mr. Lewis served in China for years as secretary of the inter- MRS. ADAM J. MARTIN, a Presbyterian national committee of the Y. M. C. A. missionary located at Burity, Brazil, died During his secretaryship a young Chi- June 26th while on furlough to this coun- try. Mrs. Martin went to Brazil in 1918, nese returned from Yale with a Ph.D., and was engaged in educational work at the Presbyterian Mission Farm School. and entered the service of the Y. Within a few years he was general secretary for >I< .. .. China. Later, he entered government service. Today he is foreign minister. DR. RUTH PEABODY HUME, who had Thus Dr. Lewis, who retired from active served as a medical missionary in India service in the Y two years ago, goes for twenty-six years, died June 3d in New Haven. She was sixty years old, a back to China to advise the same Chinese descendant of missionaries for two genwhom he inducted into his career early erations on both sides of her family. She in the century. China will be well served was a daughter of the famous Dr. Robert by the new adviser. A. Hume and was born in Ahmednagar, India, in a house built by her grand- *** father, the Rev. Ebenezer Burgess. Dr. Hume was a graduate and representative THE REV. C. M. LACEY SITES, Meth- of Wellesley College and was director of odist missionary at Kutien, Fukien, the American Hospital for Women and Children in Ahmednagar, under the China, was captured by bandits on July American Board of Foreign Missions. 12th and released July 16th, upon representations by the U. S. Department of State.

*** DR. ARTHUR HENRY LIMOUZE, pastor COMING EVENTS of Northminster Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, has been elected to the September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT 1ST position of Secretary for Promotion of CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, an office left vacant by the death September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, of Dr. Robert S. Donaldson last Febru- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ary. Dr. Limouze takes up his new Denver, Colo. duties September first.

*** September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- DR. ADELAIDE WOODARD, missionary of SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERthe Presbyterian Church at Fatehgarh, ICA, New York, N. Y. India, has been given the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal in recognition of her serv- September 28-30-INTERDENOMINATIONices. Dr. Woodard has long been on the AL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, conducted missionary field and she is the physician by the Philadelphia Federation of in charge of the Memorial Hospital at Churches and the Women's Interde- Fatehgarh. nominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. OBITUARY NOTES October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- THE REV. JACOB L. HARTZELL, Presby- TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wichterian missionary from Prae, Siam, died ita, Kan. in the Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pa., on June 14th, while on fur- November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINAlough. Mr. Hartzell went to the field in 1912, and engaged in evangelistic work TIONAL MEETING OF MEN TO COMin Prae, Nan and Lampang. At Lam- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANpang he was principal of the mission Boys' School NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church'

New York. ' ~ Old Level Are•• _ Grazing Regions _ Mountain Sections ~ Cut-over Districts ~ Dry-Farming Regions Us ed in uHi nterlana8 oj the Ohuf'ch/J by EUzGbcth R. Hooker.

SOME OF THE REGIONS WHERE THE "UNCHURCHED AMERICANS" LIVE

LIV, No.9 September

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Former Moderator of the Prcsbyteria,n Church in the U. S. A-.

PROBABLY the C h r i s t ian realm of science or industry. We Church is more vital, more have produced no great school of influential in America than in theology. Here we follow rather any other part of the world and than lead. Weare still looking yet nowhere does it so much reflect across the seas for light and leadage-old traditions and hark back ing. to ancient inheritance. The Roman Catholic Church looks across It is impossible, moreover, to the sea to Rome. The Protestant think of religion in terms of na- Episcopal Church has its eyes to- tionality. The tides of truth and wards Canterbury, and what is error wash the shores of all nations done at Lambeth finds a response and know no tariff or racial barin every American diocese. Prot- rier. The currents of religious inestantism has its roots in Germany terest and apathy sweep around and Geneva. Presbyterianism fol- the world and there is as much lows the star that arose over difference between situations in Switzerland and Scotland. In a different countries as there is bereal sense the trends of religion in tween sections within the same America were largely determined nation. What is true of religion in long ago and in other lands. America is also true in England and Australia, in China and Cana- Nevertheless North America has da. Four distinct trends in the restamped religion with her own ligious life of America may, howspirit. Its creeds and customs re- ever, be suggested. flect the interpretation of the Scriptures in other lands and other I ages but a new direction has been given to religious activities and A spirit of restlessness charac- America has discovered new appli- terizes our American religious life. cations of the everlasting Gospel. Here religion has the stamp of A recent writer has said that American efficiency, American or- there is in all our life today "a ganization, American publicity, secret and subtle sense of ill-ad- American initiative. Perhaps it justment." This sense of ill-adjustwould be within the truth to say ment is seen in the restlessness of that we have not made the exten- all classes of our social order and sive contribution to reI i g i 0 U s in the irritability which has come thought that we have made in the upon rich and poor. In the words of General Smuts "Humanity has struck its tents and is on the 645

march." We are not sure where any change will reach and remedy the we are going. Neither are we sure unrest among our ministry, unless we would know the goal if we there be a fresh recognition of certain reached it. basic facts. Ours is a ministry of holy things. There it! no place in it for a This restlessness characterizes the ministry of the Church today man who seeks merely temporal rein a marked degree. It is not nec- wards. He who desires fortune or essary to champion the cause of ease or fame should take some other long pastorates in order to find a path. But to the minister of Christ it is given to walk in the way they opened substitute for ministerial unrest who walked with Him in Galilee. To for it is quite possible to have a such a minister it is given to warn series of short pastorates and to sinners, to comfort saints, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord. There possess a quiet heart and a restful are some ancient words of our Consoul. It is not necessary either to fession of which we who bear the decry the low financial return and office of Christ's ministers need often economic pressure under which to be reminded: "The grace of faith, ministers labor for it has been whereby the elect are enabled to beproved beyond a doubt that rest- lieve to the saving of their souls, is the lessness in the ministry does not work of the Spirit of Christ in their spring from this source. A leading hearts, and is ordinarily wrought by and clear thinking Bishop of the the ministry of the Word: by which Episcopal Church stated recently also and by the administration of the Sacraments and prayer, it is increa·sed that in his diocese with 124 clergy and strengthened." This is our holy only eleven are stilI at work in work, this is our high privilege, this ministry of the Word by which faith their parishes after a period of is born and built up. If it must be twelve years. In a Presbytery of done with difficulty, we can remember 29 churches only one minister re- that He also found difficulty. If it be mains at his task after a period of poorly recompensed, neither did He ten years.

The cause of this unrest must be have at times where to lay His head.

sought ben eat h the surface. The King's Highway of the Holy Cross Thomas Carlyle said, "Blessed is is not a smooth road and easily travthe man who has found his work." eled, but it leads to an assured end. If this is true of the ordinary daily toiler, how inestimably true it is of And the further fact is that difthe minister of the Gospel. It is ficulties often fade as a man resolutely faces his task in prayer and reliance the work that rejoices the heart on the Spirit. Some of us can look and feeds the spirit and not the back and wonder why we wanted to locality where that work is done. This spirit of unrest can only be change just then. By staying on pa- tiently we won that victory for Christ. Perhaps if we keep these things in understood when we interpret the mind there will be less need for the motives which draw men into the machinery we today devise. And there will be longer pastorates that shape ministry and keep them there. At through continuous years the life of a the recent General Assembly of the community for Christ and the things Presbyterian Church in the U. S. of His Kingdom." A., after an exhaustive examina- tion of this perplexing subject, the The spirit of unrest which char- report cqncluded with these arrest- acterizes the clergy lays hold also ing words: upon the Church itself. There We do not believe that any plan or never was an age when the words

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

of Jesus were more needed, "Come ric or'the life of the people, should unto me and I will give you rest." reflect the thought and spirit of Church people today want to be in- that people. This has always been terested. They want to be thrilled. true. The creeds of Christendom They crave in the Church the same reflect the thinking of the age in excitement they seek out in the which they were fashioned.The- world. Young people miss some- ology has always been colored by thing. They look on as those who the light and shade of the day are spectators. If the service does when the outline was drawn. Re- not sparkle, they tire. They are ligion cannot be an affair of the onlookers. They do not participate. cloister. It belongs in the arena.

They do not seek the discipline of We cannot build "a lordly pleasure- silence but the delight that comes house, wherein at ease for aye to through surprise, the thrill of dwell." If a choice must be made music, the rhythm of words. What between a religion that is in touch is required is a true appreciation with the newspapers and one that all of what religion means and of gets its inspiration from dead lan- what worship is. Not long since guages, let us by means choose at a great and impressive religious that which is in touch with life.

gathering the audience of over It is not, however, a choice be- three thousand paused for a period tween extremes, and there is little of devotion. The service of wor- danger that we will go to the dead ship was beautifully arranged with languages for our thinking. There song and responses, Scripture and is, however, great danger in taking printed prayer, all set out in a fine our religious convictions from the order of ritual. But in every min- newspapers. A newspaper is a ute of it there was activity and business enterprise and is not an there was evidenced a spirit of re- authoritative, ethical guide. It re- pressed restlessness. At the close flects public opinion and sometimes a lovely voice began to sing the public opinion of a very low order.

words, "0 rest in the Lord. Wait Public opinion, far from being the patiently for Him." The audience voice of God, may be the echo of at first was indifferent, then ar- the mob. The message of God rested, then captured, then it sur- often comes through a voice crying rendered and was quiet and in a in the wilderness.

deep hush the music ended, "0 rest We have frequent illustrations in the Lord. . Wait patiently for of this hysteria of imitation. Eu- Him and He will give thee thy genic societies and reform organi- heart's desire." The Spirit of God zations begin a pUblicity campaign had done His work and restless- about "birth control" Qr "compan- ness, like a bird of prey, took ionate marriage" and immediately wings. Religion will do its best the Church throws upon those sub- work for America when it brings jects the spotlight of debate and quietness to the troubled souls. controversy. Pastors organize fo- H rums for discussion and Church bodies issue deliverances and when The religious life of America re- they cease to become a newspaper flects rather than directs the con- novelty then religion loses interest science of our social order. in them. In the same way we have It is inevitable that religion, had a tidal flood of sermons and which is woven into the very fab- essays reflecting the confusion in

which psychology finds itself until versatile, more vital in America the vocabulary of some preachers than it has ever been. Even stais so weighed with words and tistics are on the side of the phrases that smell of the labora- Church. Its membership keeps tory that even an educated man pace with the tremendous growth who is not a specialist is lost in the of our population. Its money infog. One who has recently gradu- creases from year to year. The ated in the new Psychology or in 232,000 churches of America com- Religious Education considers the pare favorably with the 256,000 theologically trained minister in- public school buildings and the ancapable of understanding what re- nual Church expenditure is 4070 ligion is all about. In a recent ar- as large as the expenditure of all ticle a journalist in passing judg- our public school system. Across ment upon this. craze for modern- the continent new houses of wority says, ship are being built, drawn from plans prepared by the best archi- Publicity has become such an integral part of a minister's training that tects money can secure.* recently, when the Congregationalists, Presbyterians and the Greater New Nevertheless it must be admitted York Federation of Churches passed that there is an increase in the resolutions in the latter part of the number of good people who play week asking for an investigation of fast and loose with their Church New Y.ork City, a dozen ministers obligations. The evening service in changed their sermon subjects over- many churches has been brought night to the problem of "Civic Cor- to an ignominious conclusion. In ruption." many city areas the evening serv- ices in separate churches have been A great philosopher has said, abandoned for union services and "Religion is what we do with our even these union services require solitude" and in a real sense it stimulation. The summer services may be said that religion is at its in many churches, especially in the best when it stands apart and cities, are attended by a minority alone. It looks out from a watch- and the difficulty of obtaining outtower, it proclaims a Gospel, it standing preachers dUring the heralds the corning of a King, it summer season grows year by does not reflect public opinion, it year. We must not forget, howmoulds the thought of men and na- ever, that all through the land extions. It does not rehearse what traordinary services are being held men say, it issues a mandate. It which are crowded with Church does not get its commission from people from all parts of the counindustry or economics or sociology, try. It would seem, however, to be its commission comes from the a fair judgment to say that there Risen Lord. is an increasing irregularity of Church attendance on the part of III Church people themselves. Some- one has said, "There are as many The religious life of America is people going to church today as halting between two opinions con- used to want to go." There may cerning the Christia.n Church. °If there is any doubt on the subject the This is the paradox that char- doubter is recommended to look into a little acterizes modern religion. The volume entitled "The United States Looks at Church is more vigorous, more Its Churches," by C. Luther Fry, for evidence.

be truth in this half humorous de- know, except with a few extreme peofense, for the day of hypocrisy is at ple-very few now-there is no differan end and those who go to Church ence between the Church and the now go because they want to go. world; they are all eating and drink- ing on Sunday, and the younger people Certain influences have been op- are growing up without the fear of erating in the cultivation of this God. We shall have to cease preaching irregularity. It is not possible to on many subjects which are intereststate definitely what the influence ing and profitable, and devote ourselves of the radio has been. It has, how- to the elementary facts and appeals of ever, had some influence. Any in- religion. The Puritans made huge fluence, however, which it has had mistakes for which we paid at the in decreasing church attendance Restoration, but too much has been has been more than counterbal- made of those mistakes. The idea that anced by the good that has come in all Puritans were Philistines and faintroducing religion to man y natics is a vulgar error. John Milton homes that have had no part in the seems to me quite as great a man of church life of the nation. There is letters as any of our tootling little more, however, to be said concern- poets and dirty story-tellers who are ing the secularization which has soaked in debt and drink, and Colonel taken place· in regard to the ob- Hutchinson was as fine a gentleman as servance of Sunday. There have the peers who sponged on Hooley. been increasing inroads made upon the Day of Rest and the week-end IV habit has broken up the age-old customs of home and family life to There is a trend in the religious the detriment of church attend- life of America which is supremely ance. hopeful.

These changes have been going It is the note of spiritual exon for more than a generation. pectancy which one finds on every The War accelerated them. Thirty hand. We move forward like the years ago Dr. John Watson (Ian tide. If the tide is at the ebb then Maclaren), who knew life better we can have a feeling of confidence than most men said, that it will soon turn to flood again. This has been the history I am deeply concerned every day of the Christian Church. Religion about the life of pleasure and want of has always been characterized by seriousness among the young people a forward and a backward moveof our richer classes. They are read- ment. The history of the Christian ing nothing except the worst fiction. Church has passed through rhyth- They are "'pending their whole spare mic periods of depression. The time in pleasure, which is growing present era is different from many more doubtful every day. Sundayeve- such periods in the past because of ning is given to dinners and suppers, the fact that our age is conscious and the moral tone is getting very of its need and is openly chamlow. Things come under my notice as pioning the supremacy of spiritual a minister which would give any man values. cause for serious thought. It appears to me that if society is to be saved, Certain things have contributed and if the Church in especial is to do towards this recall of the Church her proper work, there must be a re- to the supreme things of the spirit. turn to the great Puritan idea of sepa- First of all there is upon the ration from the world. So far as I Church a sense of weariness, grow-

ing out of the mechanical era what we wait for in America and through which the Church has in the mission field, is firsthand passed since the War. It has been evidence that the Gospel is still a period of organization of effi- the power of God unto salvation.

ciency, of publicity, and above all of The crux of the conflict in which the raising of quotas and budgets. religion finds itself today may In the second place the con- be told in a story. A generation sciousness of w hat President ago Charles Bradlaugh was mak- Hoover called "a subsidence in the ing an attack upon Christianity moral foundations of the nation" in England and challenged Hugh has recalled religious people to ele- Price Hughes, who was preach- mental realities. It is not possible ing the Gospel and at the same to build the Kingdom of God upon time serving as a member of the legislation, no matter how neces- British Parliament, to debate with sary and beneficial that legislation him the truth of the Christian may be. When we have abolished faith. The challenge was immedi- the liquor traffic, done away with ately accepted and accepted in racial hatred, and eliminated war, these words, "The courts, as a rule, there is something else that is in rendering their verdicts, do not needed for it' will still remain true rely solely upon the arguments of that "Out of the heart are the the attorneys on either side. They issues of life." carefully scrutinize the evidence In the third place we have had offered by those who have first- time to gain a balanced judgment hand kilOwledge of the facts. I concerning Religious Education. will bring with me to the debate Religious Education scientifically that night, as evidence of the truth interpreted and pedagogically ap- and power of the Christian faith, plied cannot direct the conscience one hundred men and women who or inspire the soul. It is still true have been saved from lives of sin that except a man or a child "be by the Gospel of Christ. They will born again he cannot see the King- give their evidence and you will dom of God." be allowed to cross-examine them.

Other influences have been at I will ask that you bring with you work and have contributed their one hundred men and women who share in driving home the truth have been similarly helped by the expressed by Canon Streeter that gospel of infidelity which you "Nothing but the sober determina- preach." The debate was aban- tion, the quickened insight and the doned. The agnostic had no evi- disinterested devotion, due to the dence. The Christian had evidence.

permeation of society by some Evidence is never on the defensive, great and creative spiritual force, it is always aggressive, and when can avail to meet the situation. the spiritual expectancy which Veni Creator Spiritus. In those characterizes the Church today who really believe in God the ur- passes from hope to reality then gency of the need begets a pre- it will be said of the critics as was sumption that it will be met." said at the beginning: What is needed today is evi- "Seeing the man that was healed dence. When evidence comes, apol- standing with them, they could say ogetics becomes unnecessary and nothing against him."

A CITY WAS

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, JR.

Reotor oj Oa!varll Oh,woh, New .York Oitll M OST of our religious speak- It would be so easy to take a sub- ing and writing is an ex- ject like the one suggested to me by cursion into the desirable. the Editor of THE REVIEW, and to We let our minds play upon what deal with it on paper. All of us might be if all were ideal. We have can see, with the eye of untested got our people in the way of con- imagination, a round-table confer- fusing the desire for the ideal, with ence of the religious eminent, con- the building of it into life. There cerned for the state of religion, and are preachers who expound the coming together to lay great plans most noble truth on Sunday morn- for a city. Most of the churches ings, but are so inured to this cli- are represented. There is prayer mate of the unreal that they can and talk. Some look skeptical; go against their own teaching with- others are enthusiastic. A "plan"

in twenty-four hours and never is proposed. "Dr. Somebody from know they h~lVe done it! Hundreds the Tabernacle of Somewhere is a of them confuse sympathy for the great spiritual force; let us get evangelical point of view with him in for two weeks of great working evangelism; t~y know union services, and all forget our little of the painful progress of differences and combine to help persuasion which must take place him." There will be much public- in the lives of their people if the ity-pamphlets describing the aim admirable sentiments of the pUlpit of the mission, newspaper articles, are to become the sober programme surveys which unearth yet more of the pews. Many preachers are appalling facts as to our general frankly afraid to tackle personal American godlessness.

human problems, and to get the ob- Most preachers past fifty have structions out of the way. It is so sat on committees like that more much easier to have people say that times than one. The plan was car- they like what you said, when you ried out. A few were reached. The were talking in the absence of dis- city as a whole was unmoved. The agreeable and resisting facts, than taste lef~ in people's mouths was it is to persuade them to root those unpleasant, not because of tub- facts out, or reinterpret them in thumping methods or emotional- the light of a profounder experi- ism, but because the whole affair ence of Christ. All the complicated, did not get to first base with the difficult period of conviction of sin, people who most needed to be of criticism and fault-finding, of reached. The past twenty years are uneasy swinging between two op- strewn with the wreckage of inef- posite ideals of life, lie right in this fectual religious movements. They area of personal persuasion to began in a committee, continued in adopt the ideal, as over against lis- a campaign, and ended in a col- tening to it and being lapped in the lapse.

soft airs of its imaginary realiza- I am going as far as possible tion. from this airy evangelism, and tell 651

the actual story of how a city was pIe whom they were not reaching evangelized by a group of people. and drew them in.

And first I must say something Six months later came an invitaof the preparation. It was not by tion to bring a large team, and cottage prayer-meetings, or whoop- quietly, guidedly honeycomb that ing-it-up for an evangelist who was expected. It began in an individ- city for Christ. There was much ual. Three years ago a young Bap- prayer. There had been guidance tist business man went to the ordi- that it was the right time. The innation of a man who had found his vitation was sent to people far enough along to take real leaderspiritual life in the work of A First Century Christian Fellowship, or ship. Ninety of them came. They ranged from wealthy society people the Oxford Group as it is called overseas. The business man was to tradesmen and students. There was a Scotch woman who had run intrigued by the kind of life he saw in this minister and his for Parliament at home and who friends. He accepted this fuller had travelled to America for this interpretation of Christ for him- series of meetings; and an Oxford self. It carried him into the min- student. There was a distinguished istry. Presbyterian minister, for many years a missionary in China. There While he was at the theological was a young married couple from seminary, he made known to a few Rhode Island whose lives and home strategic people what had hap- had been completely changed by the pened to him to take him out of message three years before. There business and into the ministry. He was a young Episcopal clergyman worked by rightly-directed per- who had a perfect genius for win- sonal witness. And when a suffi- ning the confidence of boys and ciently large number of interested helping them to understand how people had been seen, he suggested Christ could help them with their that the group of spiritual friends problems. There was a New York who had so inspired him, might woman with a European title, send representatives to tell these whose whole existence had been re- interested people what they had made through finding that an old told him. Very quietly a dozen peo- friend of her husband had been ple were brought from seven or brought to Christ through the Fel- eight other cities-not all parsons, lowship. Pentecost saw no motlier not professional evangelistS-most- crowd in its human composition, ly lay people, mostly ·young. For and they met "with one accord in ten days they stayed in different one place." Each had somewhere houses, living out in their relation- been brought to a decision for ships the 'meaning of life surren- Jesus Christ in surrender, carried dered to Christ and guided by His through the early stages of learn- Holy Spirit. There were small ing to live by guidance from God, gatherings, quite informal, meet- helped to win others for Christ, ing at houses or churches. Several and learned the price and the ne- hundred people were touched; their cessity of full sharing fellowship sympathy and interest we r e with like-minded Christians. This aroused. The churches began to get means that there were ninety peo- wind of it. It reached a few peo- ple ready to function like a phalanx

HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED

under God's Holy Spirit. There ties. Anyone could have dropped was a human leader, but he could out of this affair, and it would have not possibly have carried the de- gone along just as well. Here a tails of all the hours in the day of growing number of ordinary men all the workers who were there. and women of all ages and every Yct there was not a single bit of in- walk of life, are being raised up to dividual sharpshooting; we worked do a mighty work for God in this almost like one person, because generation. Some of us have a unity was there at the beginning. deep-rooted conviction that all the Noiselessly the members of this rich colors of original Christianity group slipped into town by train can not be shown to this age and motor. A church sexton in New York took several in his car, through the prism of one person- ality, but only through the complex and witnessed with great power in of a group of people with "a diverthe meetings. Some were quartered sity of gifts but the same spirit." with families; some stayed in ho- The logic of this is that one-man tels. There were daily groups for evangelism is at an end for the special interests: one for business time, and the new emphasis must men, one for women, one for girls, be upon a welded, sharing, guided one for boys, one for younger mar- group functioning unitedly.

ried women, one for ministers; Finance and Follow-up each was led by someone belonging How is work like this financed? in the group. There was daily Bible We believe simply that where God study. In the evenings we gathered guides He provides. If we were for a united meeting. This began really guided to have this mission, with 300 and ended with 2,500. then He was sure to take charge of The theme was not preaching nor the funds. Much of the money exhorting-just simple individual came from the leaders who travwitness to what Christ had done. elled at their own charges: and we As a result family tangles were un- need much more imagination about snarled; personal problems were expecting such service as this from solved; hundreds of people found converted people. Several people a new power in Christ; the level were financed by members of the of confidence in that city, depressed Fellowship who were unable to go by the business slump, was enor- themselves. It required sacrifice mously lifted. in some quarters. Some of it came One said, "There has been noth- from the people in the city where ing like it since Moody." That was we worked, as they felt led to give.

a great tribute; yet how different But there was very little money- is this procedure from Mr. Moody's consciousness anywhere. An insur- incomparable ways. Always he ance man said, "There was no was, in spite of himself, the great underwriting before you came, no .

figure; he was the campaign, and collections while you were here, without him it could not have been. and no deficit when you left."

While he urged people not to talk Do not let anyone think that the about him, but about Christ, it was Fellowship has access to large inevitable that his name should funds: we have not. But when predominate. In the work I am people are soundly enough convert- describing there are no great ed to start off on a mission like names, no indispensable personali- this, they are also soundly enough

converted to be spiritually self- The most important thing in supporting, and not to lean on oth- follow-up is always one's own pri- ers for their expenses except where vate Quiet Time in the morning for specifically guided. We believe that Bible study, prayer, and listening here is a great lesson for this age to God for His directions. These, to learn, staggering as the churches for the convenience of remember- are under intolerable loads of finan- ing them, are usually written down cial obligation, and lacking the in a loose-leaf notebook. Probably spiritual power which will alone next in importance is a small, inti- help them to lift these loads. Sound mate fellowship where one's needs conversion is the basis of adequate and discoveries may be frankly finance. shared. It is als!) very interesting And follow-up-how shall all to see how quickly the church be- this continue? By the work of a gins to take on meaning for these revitalized church. The ministers people, who often for tlie first time of the city were back of us in this see it as a way to deepen and in- effort. They opened their pulpits to crease the life which they have just us. Some of them came a long spir- decided to live. One doctor told itual distance themselves. One me that he thought this movement clergyman toid me that he had bap- would "put the Church back on the tized hundreds of people, but he did map in this generation." Dozens, not know that in his ministry of I suppose hundreds, of people in over thirty years a single person that city, who never thought they had been brought decisively to could ever be doing such a thing, Christ: His whole life is now radi- are in living touch with God, ask- antly happy in the newly discov- ing and finding His mind upon ered power of being guided by the their problems, and drawing others Holy Spirit. The clergymen saw the after Christ. It sounds very much changes in their people, and in like the Acts, doesn't it?

those they wanted to be their peo- By the time the ordinary reader ple.. In the churches and in private has read this far, he will be saying houses numbers of small groups with some irritation, "Why doesn't are meeting weekly for the sharing he tell us how to do it ourselves?"

of experience and for united guid- My answer is frankly that I have ance. These groups may be ar- no paper-made plan by which any ranged geographically to take care minister can evangelize any old of one locality, or they may be town by following a few rules.

gathered according to interests, That kind of man-made evangeli~m like a group of insurance men who is what has ruined the very name meet every morning in one office evangelism for most people. We to begin the day with Quiet Time. must think in much more profound, There is nothing humanly organ- and in much more extensive, terms ized about them; they are made up than the conversion of anyone of people who have been changed, town by an individual: we must and want to learn the next stages. think of the recapturing of the These groups are kept vital by world for Christ through a close- honest sharing up to date between knit fellowship of converted peo- those who come steadily, and by the ple. Nothing less than this can get bringing in of new people who the attention of the many who want to find this experience. know that the church is too locally

preoccupied and too spiritually to have what he wanted the city timid to do its work in the world. to have: a thoroughly workable, Something must again set the tested, universal way of life in human imagination aflame with Christ which anybody can try exwhat can happen when Christ lays perimentally long before he may hold of a group of people. We be able to accept it authoritatively. need a world-wide movement of the Spirit in our day, and it looks as if The second is that the greatest we were beginning to see it. need of our time is for a movement which represents such contagious, Some Principles–From Experience simple, joyous religion as this, where any man can catch his spirit There are a few principles which at the flame. There was nothing distil from experience and which fortuitous in those ninety people we might notice. gathered in that dty. More than twenty b'"ears of pain and prayer, The first is that one person was of hammering and of recognition, responsible for touching the city. of loyalty and of falling away, of He was just a plain individual, and fidelity to one persistent ideal, of might as well have been led to stay hewing out individuals and seasonin business as to be in the ministry, ing them till they know the voice had that been God's plan for him. of God and the life of man, till they Profession had nothing to do with are welded into an unbreakable felit: possession everything. He rec- lowship-these are the things ognized in the Fellowship some- which lie behind that one gathering thing familiar through his own in- of ninety people thinking, living herited Christianity, yet something and working as one. The ordinary which stretched him so far that it evangelistic team is small and was like a new experience alto- fixed; often it is temporary, but if gether. Before he could begin to fixed it is inflexible, and does not touch anybody, he had to have in think to include beginners. This miniature the life he wanted his team is never quite the same in one city to have. People needed to find place as in another. Constantly in him and in his family some qual- new people are being brought in, ity of living which was different, and so trained for larger work. So which attracted them by its joy it comes about that, clear round the and simplicity and workability, and world now, you have a group of which challenged at the same time. people who know one another inti- The professional evangelist lacks mately, who begin work by being appeal for the average sinner and sure they have no "walls" amongst pagan. This man made friends with themselves, who are trained in loypeople like that. His language was alty and fellowship, who know how not stilted, he was natural, yet he to hit at just the same spot as the "had something." He was living on worker before them. This means concrete guidance. He was touch- that witnessing is going on all the ing individuals himself. He was time. At teas and luncheons, in living in constant fellowship, even churches and homes, wherever such if much of it was by mail, with a people are, there is evangelism. group which gave him opportunity Hundreds are teuched in this way for growth by comparison and con- who would never darken the door trast, by checking and sharing. of an evangelistic meeting, and The sum of all this is that he had

never even go to church. This them to come in with him. These movement has within it the power things are worth a thousand evanto reproduce itself in character- gelistic meetings for the gun-shy istic fashion, so that the colors do skeptic today who runs away from not fade out at the extreme edges. all professional religion. A town is Many will find in this movement, surprised and stirred when ninety people like this come in on a mission as did our friend who opened up of "peaceful penetration," when the city, things already familiar; I they see the fun they have, when think that all will find that the they find they live what they talk. movement represents to them spe- The interchange between city and cific challenge, if not to believe city, and indeed between country and country, is one of the marked more, at least to step out more characteristics of the movement. courageously upon what they do It has given it already an interdebelieve. nominational a'nd international character which may have implica- The third is that the most persua- tions as to church unity and inter- national understanding; already sive force for Christ in our time there have been far-reaching social is no longer the professional evan- results in the movement. But we gelist, and may not even be the believe profoundly that a Christian minister: the most persuasive force basis is needed first; and that this today is the converted layman who must come from the living impact of changed and Christ-centered knows the art of living and of win- people upon those who have yet to ning others. He has no profession- find that great eJ(perience. alisms. He gets at the people he wants to win, not only the less edu- Not one city only, but many, cated and more gullible members have been touched in this fashion. of society who frequent evangel- The movement is roIling. If you istic meetings. His business asso~ want to begin in your own town, it ciates recognize what has happened must begin first in your own life. when his business is conducted on The movement will be born through a new basis: when, for instance, the nucleus of those whom you he confesses to a dishonesty and reach directly yourself. restores to the right person, or when he calls in his fellow-workers and shares with them honestly his new experience and asks them for their help in the new life, urging HE COULD NOT GO-WHAT THEN1 A YOUNG man accepted for the African missionary field reported at New York for "passage," but found on further examination that his wife could not stand the climate. He was heartbroken, but he prayerfully returned t() his home and determined to make all the money he could, to be used in spreading the kingdom of God over the world. His father, a dentist, had started to make, on the side, an unfermented wine for the communion service. The young man took the business over and developed it until it assumed vast proportions -his name was "Welch," whose family still manufacturers "grape-juice." He has given literally hundreds of thousands of dollars to the work of missions. Every job is missionary work when we interpret it by stewardship.-Tke Presbyterian Advance.

YOUNG MEN OF

BY CAPTAIN REGINALD WALLIS Gl'11 crai ~ f vn~ t-urJJ uJ th e Oity oj Dublin Y. M. C . A .

Captain Wallis was in active service in the British army during the World War. Later he became secre- tary of the Y. M. C. A. in Dublin and has since been greatly used for the spiritual awakening and Christian training of young men. The Dublin Y. M. C. A. is conducted on evangelical and faith principles, without financial drives or emphasis on secular education, amusements, athletics and social lines. The entire budget amounts to ~nly about $10,000 a year, but the spiritual fruitage is large. The present financial de- pression has made rigid economy necessary and the support of the work must come in answer to prayer. This Associat ion gives proof that Y. M. C. A. work can be successfully conducted on Gospel lines with large results and without dependence for support on C AP T AIN llEGINALD WALLIS methods that are not fully consecrated by God. Captain Wallis is in America speaking at various conferences and may be addressed (until September 30th) at Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, III., or at 944 E ast 31st St., Brooklyn, N. Y.-EDITOR.

I N THE City of Dublin, the cap- the whole so mighty a lever to up- ital of the Irish Free State, lift the young men of the com- there is a successful evan- munity." gelical, soul-saving Young Men's Christian Association. The work The Dublin Association has ad- hered in its doctrinal basis and in is essentially Christian and aggres- its practical administration to this sively spiritual. Its one purpose ideal for eighty-two years since is to win young men for Christ and its inception in 1849. It stands as then weld them together into the a lighthouse of spiritual testimony. happy fellowship of Christian serv- From the roof to the basement you ice. Any inferior objective would will look in vain for even a smok- betray the sacred trust to which ing room, a billard table or any the Y. M. C. A. has been commit- other agency, often considered so ted. As Dr. Theodore Cuyler once necessary to attract young men, said: "When the Y. M. C. A. but which are sometimes found ceases to evangelize, it becomes a to hinder a full-orbed wholesome sublime impertinence." Dr. Arthur Christian witness.

T. Pierson also remarked: "Al- For over ten years it has been though no institution in the world my privilege to labor among the is perfect, it seems to me that the young men of Dublin – good-na~ Y. M. C. A., when its Christian tured, warm-hearted, and charac- chatader is maintained supreme, terized by that alluring South of is as nearly complete as any human Ireland temperament. Fine, manly, organization could be. I know of attractive Christians they make no other institution that has on when the Lord really captures 2 667

them and consecrates their delight- an average of fifty or more robust, ful characteristics to His own serv- keen, healthy, manly fellows. That ice. They are not in any sense meeting is a spiritual tonic. Fire, "nambys" or milk-sops. Watch life and a passion for souls charthem in the gymnasium (which is acterize their simple-hearted petionly a bare hall with very meagre tions. Open-air gatherings are held equipment). On the athletic field regularly on Monday nights in the I have seen a "Rugby" team of very heart of that Roman Catholic fifteen Christian fellows win their metropolis. Many stand around way through to victory, and wit- and listen with reverent attention ness for Christ on the way. Before to inspiring testimonies and apthe start of the game, I have known peals. Without denominational disthem to bow their heads in the pa- tinctions this happy family is a vilion and ask God's blessing on testimony to the unity of the Spirit the spor.t and seeking strength to and the one body of Christ. "play the game." The Dublin Y. M. C. A. believes in consecrated The original principles which recreation, as a means to an end, animated George Williams, the not an end in itself. Candidates revered founder of the Young for full membership in this Y. M. Men's Christian Association some C. A. are' passed individually at nine decades ago, stilI find expresthe monthly meeting of the general sion in this Irish branch. It has committee, a Board of Managers been and remains a living center composed mainly of "born-again" of Christian evangelism. The Metbusiness men. Scrupulous care is ropolitan Hall is packed every Sunexercised to maintain the spiritual day night with eager listeners to backbone of the Association. Evi- the Gospel. This evangelistic meetdence of conversion to God is a ing, with an average attendance of requisite for a full member. Asso- 1500, largely composed of young ciate members are young men of men and women, is the largest reggood moral character who desire ular gathering for any purpose in to use the "Y" but who may not the Irish Free State. The magnetmake profession of faith in Christ. ism which draws this young life These have no voting powers and together every Sunday night, sumcannot control the policies of the mer and winter, is no other than Association. Scores of associates the dynamic of the Word of Life. have been won for Christ and have The ushers are all Y. M. C. A. men become full members. with a salvation smile and a love for souls. The choir is composed Bible study is an important part of Christian voices, under the leadof this work. Every Sunday after- ership of a consecrated conductor. noon some seventy young fellows Bright Gospel hymns and choruses, meet for earnest but informal occasional solos or duets, are alstudy of the Word of God. Fellow- ways followed by a clean-cut evanship with this radiant bunch of gelistic appeal by a servant of God spiritual firebrands, hearing their with a living message. The Metrousing songs and testimonies, will ropolitan Hall has been the birthput red blood into the faith of any place of thousands of souls for downcast Christian. A weekly practically all the great evangelisprayer and fellowship meeting is tic campaigns in Dublin are held held on Wednesday evenings with under the auspices of the Y. M.

EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUBLIN

C. A., and annual conferences are people together is like the spectacle convened here for the deepening of the Laodicean church. The of spiritual1ife. The reading room Church cannot compete with the is carefully guarded against the world, whose specialists can proentrance of any unsound period- vide a much more attractive icals or books. amusement program. Our Lord's commission is to "feed his sheep," Can the modern young men of not to "amuse the goats!" Many a today really be captured by these church and many a Y. M. C. A. has old-fashioned methods and held to- so lost its living message that "Ichgether without resorting to acces- abod" is writ large upon its porsories which are looked upon as so WHERE 1,500 GATHER EACH WEEK FOR THE Y. M. C. A. GOSPEL MEETING essential in such work today? Ex- tals. Yet it was never truer that perience proves that they can. In the Gospel, preached in the power fact there are no other means of of the Holy Spirit, still grips men so effectively capturing young life and presents an appeal to which in these days, as was true fifty they will respond in spite of the years ago. Give Christ a chance! alluring twentieth century reper- Men may change outwardly with toire of the world, the flesh and the the times, but the heart's need is devil. ever the same and there is only one d i v i n e remedy. Any religious The present buildings occupied movement descending to carnal by the Association have an intermeans to win and hold the young esting history. In 1922 we were in the throes of one of those peri-

odical disturbances for which Irish rackish, with no attractive facilipeople seem to have a peculiar rel- ties to offer young men. Dr. E. J. ish. Our Y. M. C. A. premises were Pace of the Sunday School Times, the first to be destroyed, whereas who visited Dub lin recently, the Catholic Young Men's Society writes: next door was left intact! But the Lord had provided better things When I recall those happy two for us. Shortly before this build- weeks spent in the Dublin Y. M. C. A., ing was destroyed, the Association the climax of four happy months spent came into possession of the present in the British Isles; when I bring buildings as a free gift by order back to my memory that fine bunch of of court. This was the divine pro- Irish huskies, wholesomely clean, ravision for the emergency. The diantly aggressive in their witnessing work multiplied in its effectiveness for Christ; when I see again that as a result of this apparent calam- nightly throng of 1,500 to 2,000 perity. The Sunday night meeting de- sons eager for the Gospel, I thrill veloped from a few dozen to its again to my finger tips. present proportions, taxing the full capacity of the Metropolitan I am frank to say I never saw a Hall, which lutd been erected in Y. M. C. A. like that of yours. It connection with D. L. Moody's visit stands out in contrast with Y. M. C. to Dublin some fifty years ago. A.'s on this side of the water painfully From the same platform today the to our discredit. Here it seems that same Message preached by that in the inverse ratio of splendid, costly, man of God is still sounded forth. physical equipment, the spiritual ob- jectives for which the "Y" was origi- These facts are all the more im- nally founded are sadly relegated far pressive when we remember that into the background, and in some the Protestant population of the places are almost apologized for. Irish Free State has now dwindled down to a meager seven per cent. There in Dublin in an old building, This gives rise to peculiar prob- never intended to serve as a Y. M. C. A., with equipment approaching lems. The Committee of the Asso- shabbiness, you have carried on magciation has no sympathy with fi- nificently. As I looked about me and nancial drives, but prays to the saw the utter want of equipment I Lord, as the Chancellor of His own marvelled at the mighty drawing Exchequer, to meet the need. The power of the Gospel, which alone atentire budget is only $10,000 per tracts and holds that splendid group annum, with no provision for lux- of militant Christian young men. urious administration or big-salaried officials. Evangelical money is The present building was never scarce in the Irish Free State and erected as a Y. M. C. A., and for part of the money needed is liter- nine years we have sought to carry ally prayed in every year. The on in spite of these difficulties, but Committee feels that they should feel that the time has come when make known to the people of God God would have us launch out for who love aggressive evangelism, more adequate facilities. In this the needs. The buildings, unfor- we seek the sympathetic, prayerful tunately are prison-like and bar- cooperation of God's people in order that we may do more effec- tive service for Christ in this very needy Irish Free State.

CHURCHES O~'~'ER RELIGIOU:; TRAINING ~'U){ YUUNG 1'IlJOl'LE

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS BY THE REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Oorrespond'im'f} SecretfM'lI oj the Boa.Yd of 110me Missions lMla Ohurch Extension Methodist Episcopal Ohurch· .n.; MERICAN home missions are attractiveness of Christian ideals a task, altruistic in character of life; to reveal the ethical im- and unattempted by other plications, economic and social agencies, that ought to challenge significance of Christianity; to the utmost endeavors and re- demonstrate the fruitage of a func- sources of organized Christianity: tioning faith, vitalized by an ex- to insure to rural and urban com- perimental knowledge of essential munities, which without either realities in the spiritUal realm.

temporary or permanent personal Dr. Slosson defines religion as and material cooperation from else- "the perpetual realization of God; where would not benefit by them, the spiritualization of daily life."

the enriching ministries of the Canon Streeter maintains that Church of Christ. "Science is the expression of re- In the prosecution of their re- ality in terms of quantity; religion spective religious and social activi- is the expression of reality in terms ties, these denominational agencies of quality." But Saint James exseek cooperatively to portray the horts us to face the fact that re- *The sections served by the Methodist Epis- ligious realities are conclusively copal Board of Home Missions and Church Extpllsion include : the United States. Alaska, evidenced by a convincing com- Hawn!}, Puerto Rico, and a st:ict!y interde- bination of unselfish service and nominational missionary enterprISe In the Dominican Republic, foste1'ed by the Board for unblemished character. Christian Work in Santo Domingo. Through- The composite character of home out these territories, Methodism sustains cordial, cooperative relatio.nsi;lips toward similar denominational bome mISSIOnary agencies and missions must be understood in projects. 661

order to appreciate the significance functioning faith which touches of certain determinative factors the very tap roots of our individual that justify the validity of the mis- and collective ills: sin and selfish- sionary's claim to moral and ma- ness. The Sermon on the Mount terial support. Within the areas makes inner righteousness abso- embraced by Continental United lutely basic to normal expressions States and her possessions, our of individual and social human con- territorial contacts and functional duct. Dr. Robert A. Milliken, the activities are characterized by both Scientist, cherishes a conviction home and foreign field environ- that "it was because we lost belief ments, problems and service oppor- in the reality of moral and spirit- tunities. ual values that the World War The romantic story of American came; and if we do not find a home missions thrills the hearts of way to regain and strengthen that those who trace the trails and sense belief, then science is of no value."

the spirit of our country's patriotic Bewildered in mind and morals, pioneers and heroic circuit riders, mankind desperately needs the whose joint services to the nation clarity and buoyancy of a function- wrested a Christian civilization ing, fruitful faith.

from a forbidding wilderness. The The Christian Church is the most United States is the only first-class effective agency devised to date world power that was practically through which to channel Chris- born Christian; the colonization tianity's contributions toward the of America was characterized by a enrichment of humanity's heart, dynamic conscience. Current con- home and community life. Despite ditions indicate the danger of a the Church's frankly admitted limi- reversion to paganism unless tations; whatever men may think America's Christian Church con- of the crudities of certain credal stituency can be shocked out of its interpretations of Christianity; smug complacency. however severely they may be in- To develop democracies that are clined to criticize our imperfect safe for the world is even .more portraitures of Christian ideals of imperative than to make the world life and human relationships, the safe for democracy. Unless those fact remains that Jesus Christ, entrusted with governmental and Founder of Christianity, is still social control are dominated by the mankind's supreme character and Spirit of Jesus Christ, a democracy community service exhibit.

can become as ruthless as any au- "In spite of all its faults," says tocracy that has ever crushed le- Dr. William Adams Brown, "the gitimate human aspirations and Church of Christ is the one social activities. Only that democracy is institution touching men of all safe for the world whose super- races and nations which exists to structure is undergirded by the spread faith in the good God and fundamental doctrines of Chris- to unite men in a world – wide tianity: the fatherhood of God; brotherhood. Here surely is a fac- the brotherhood of man; the in- tor with which anyone must reck- finite value of an individual life. on who asks with soberness where We dare not ignore such consider- men are to turn for help in the ations. stupendous task of world recon- There is no substitute for a struction."

THE CHALLENGE OF HOM;E MISSIONS

The international significance of Under such circumstances there is home missions is evidenced by the scant hope for motion picture profact that the prevalent publicity duction improvement and purificaand portraitures of the worst fea- tion until the united voice of the tures of American life, radioed to Christian Church can be heard distant lands in the fraction of a with far greater emphasis in the second and flashed from commer- council chambers of America's cialized, debauched silver screens, movie czars. now constitute one of the most delicate and difficult problems that test The world-wide responsibility of the faith and fortitude of heroic home missions becomes convincforeign missionaries on the other ingly apparent with the perfection side of the globe. Cooperative of humanity's communication and criticism demands the discontinu- transportation facilities, the prac- tical annihilation of time and space MISSION GIRLS LEARNING 'ro MAKE HOME ATTRACTIVE ance of salacious, sex-saturated, and the advent of a "split-second" lawless, liquor-soaked films, with world. Hitherto distantly related their contaminating influence upon peoples have been compacted into the unfolding child life of the close neighborhoods, which need an infusion of the spirit of Christian world. brotherhood. Multitudes of effec- Unfortunately, too many stars tive missionary enterprises on the other side of the globe were initiof first magnitude in the motion ated and are fostered by returned picture sky, idealized and idolized nationals who were inspired to by impressionable youth, can quali- embrace Christianity while sofy as legalized, progressive polyg- journers in this country. amists, to whom the sanctities of the marriage vow, the sacredness So intimately do our home and of the American home and the laws foreign missionary activities, inof the land mean little or nothing.

terests and responsibilities inter- speaks with the "voice of author- lock; so intricate are the relation- ity" and of finality.

ships of organized Christianity's Second – Christianity's Bible is missionary personnel, home and a missionary manual, permeated foreign, that no thoughtful in- with the missionary spirit. The terpreter of local, national and in- New Testament context is liberally ternational movements, programs interspersed with stories of spirit- and policies for human betterment ual adventure, so characteristic of would presume to attempt their the spread of Christianity through- complete segregation. Not only in out the world. Personified by the America, confronted with the deli- advent of the Christ Child in Beth- cate and difficult twofold task of lehem, matchless revelation of di- Americanization and Christianiza- vine solicitude for erring mortals; tion, but in many otlier countries buttressed by the Cross of Calvary, is the fruitage of home missionary emblematic of love strong as death, service winning recognition. nay stronger; undergirded by the Incentives to the personal and Great Commission, embodiment of material support of missions ought the Master's valedictory to His to arrest the attention, stir the chosen disciples; exemplified by the heart and challenge the enthusiasm epochal message of the Apostle to of an alert Christian constituency; the Gentiles in the Athenian marto arouse in both clery and laity ket place, it is the impact of a the spirit that accounts for the missionary spirit that accounts for development of genuine Christian the respective contributions of hiscrusaders. Space limits preclude toric religious movements toward the mention of more than three: the sum total of good in the worTd. Third – The inescapable chal- First – Jesus Christ and His lenge of an unfinished task summessage to mankind, adequately mons us to service. Vast areas of taught and exemplified, constitute unevangelized rural territory and humanity's most vital mind and scores of sadly neglected, polyglot heart needs. His flawless character city centers throughout this counstands out in bold relief before try demand the attention of an the tribunals of twenty centuries American Christian statesmanship which subjected the validity of the with faith, fortitude and ability Nazarene's spiritual supremacy enough to spell problem with the claims to the acid test. His por- letters of opportunity. The range traiture of human possibilities in sections of the west, mountain recharacter building is unexcelled. gions of the south and backward Nations, governments, social and communities of New England, economic orders, even organized Ohio, Michigan and other states religion in some of its current reveal a wide-spread neglect of our rural missionary fields. Only forty forms of expression are manifestly per cent of New England's popu- lation is claimed by any church; imperfect and subject to labora- tory experimentation, but Jesus Christ is supreme. In the social thirty-three per cent of its populaand spiritual life of the world, His tion under nineteen years of age position is exclusive and impreg- is unidentified with any church nable; as can be said of no other school. Utah has seven counties personality in human history, He without a functioning evangelical

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS

Protestant mission in anyone of school buildings, has no church struc- them. ture or regular religious ministry to The following exhibits are il- a population of nearly two hundred. lustrative of the missionary chal- A score of county parishes in the Ken- tucky and Tennessee mountains await lenge: the inauguration of an adequate social Dr. John McDowell, Secretary of the and spiritual service to hearts that Presbyterian Board of National Mis- hunger for a richer life.

sions, maintains that 10,000 American rural communities have no type of America's u r ban situation is ·church; that 30,000 American rural equally, if not even more disturb- communities have no pastor in resi- ing. Hundreds of congested city dence; that 13,400,000 American chil- centers, cosmopolitan communities dren under twelve years of age receive with their racial interlockings and no sort of religious instruction. State Librarian H. E. Dunnack, antagonisms, economic and social problems, clamor for considera- Maine: "100,000 of Maine's population tion. There is a studied purpose are without religious opportunities; on the part of corrupt politicians 95,652 families are unidentified with to defeat constructive legislation any church; 109,017 boys and girls of concerning moral issues. Organschool age are enrolled in no sort of church school." He estimates Maine's ized unrighteousness has become church attendance to be one in seven entrenched in the city. The grow- and mentions a community of 2,100 ing cities of America hold the people with 24 church members. balance of political power. If a Dr. Arthur Wentworth Hewitt, of democracy is to endUre, the work- ing majority of its voting units Plainfield, Vermont, author of "Stee- must be kept intelligent and moral. ples Among the Hills": "That some of The future of our country is at our villages are overchurched, I do not stake; the perpetuity of the sacred doubt, but am perfectly convinced that institutions, bought by the blood the greater part of our state is wholly unevangelized ground. The great majority of its people attend no church of a liberty loving people, is di- and are visited by no pastor." rectly involved.

Director of Publicity J. S. Swwell, Authoritative statisticians an- Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, sub- nounce that in the 1932 national mits data on Clare County, Michigan: election, the United States will eleven townships, with forty-six public have approximately 4,000,000 new schools and an enrollment of 1,000 chil- voters to reckon with. Unless our dren, an English-speaking American prospective as well as our funcsection with a total population of 4,640, tioning citizenry can be vitally inbut no church at all in action. terested in and persuaded to do Dr. L. H. Sweetland, Methodist min- . serious, constructive thinking rela- ister, Hays, Kansas: "Paganism pre- tive to current, vital issues; to ap- vails in parts of Kansas. Within preciate the proportionate value of fourteen miles of Hays, in an American community of prosperous farmers determinative factors in our social, where I recently held services, there political and economic life; to grip were children sixteen years old who the real meaning of national and had not heard of Jesus Christ. Kan- international movements for husas has hundreds of boys and girls man betterment, how can we hope who are utterly ignorant of religion." to sense the significance of our exacting twentieth century citizen- Russell Springs, an inland Kansas (:ounty seat with substantial cQurt and ship or to insure to our ~n~:rntion

a proportionately substantial con- in terms of constructive commutribution toward the sum total of nity service and the enrichment of good in the world? social relationships, is a matter of immediate moment to the Chris- With a minimum monthly rack- tian leadership of our nation. We eteers' extortion toll of one billion would profit by the development of dollars to pay, according to the a more vivid consciousness of re- New York Crime Commission's re- ligious realities; a more clear cut cent report; confronted by a cur- realization of the actuality of rent crime culture of perfectly ap- God's presence and guidance; a· palling proportions; challenged by general recognition of the primacy the strange spectacle of millions of of prayer in our religious life; men unable to support their fam- the cultivation of an overwhelmilies on account of an unprece- ing passion for unselfish Christian dented commercial collapse; and service; the proclamation of a our social and spiritual ideals positive, dynamic Gospel message; threatened by the propagation of an evident dominance of the spiritpagan philosophies of life, the se- ual incentive in all of our missionriousness of the situation ought ary activities. to shock a nominally Christian America out Of her false sense of Isn't it strange that princes and kings; security. A silent church constit- That men and money and minor things; uency is impotent and unfruitful. That common folks, like you and me, For her own sake and for the sake Are builders for eternity? of the world, America's mind and heart must be Christianized. To each is given a bag of tools; A shapeless mass and a book of rules; A revitalized church member- And each must fashion, ere life has ship, the restoration of a functioning faith, buttressed by daily flown, demonstrations of religious reality A stumbling block, or a stepping stone.

COMING ARTICLES ON HOME MISSIONS O NE of the richest and most Home and Foreign Mission Life important subjects for study Compared, by Lillian Oyler. is the field of Home Mission in America. The variety and in- Do Jews Become Christians? by terest are almost unlimited. This John Stewart Conning. number of the REVIEW is devoted to the Home Missions study topics Religion for the Migrant Workof the year, which are in line with ers, by Adela J., Ballard. those discussed at the National Congress in Washington last De- The Church and the Working cember. Man, by E. M. Wahlberg.

Several of the most interesting Spanish-Americans – Asset or a papers in hand could not be in- Liability? by E. T. Cornelius. cluded in this issue and will appear in a subsequent number. Do not What Substitute for Christianmiss them. Among these are: ity? by James 1. Vance.

Why Give the Gospel to the Mor- Missions to American Indians, mons, by William E. LaRue. by Henry Roe Cloud.

ARE THE

AMERICANS?

BY ELIZABETH R. HOOKER, New York Institute oj SooiaZ a,net Religious Research T HE number of church mem- even with the use of recently per- bers (of all denominations) fected methods. So much land is reported by the Census of Re- required to supply a family living ligious Bodies in 1926 was 47.7 per that even if all the land were taken.

cent of the population of the United up, the farm families would live States in that year.1 Where are the far apart; and at the present stage others, the more than fifty-two per of development the dry lands have cent of the people who are outside an average of one family to the the churches? Are they evenly dis- square mile. There are thus .great tributed over the country or are stretches' of hinterland where the there relatively more of them in nearest neighbor is several miles certain kinds of territory? away. Many of the roads are still To answer these questions and to unimproved. Both homes and study types of areas that might be farms, and public facilities and in- found to have comparatively large stitutions, are being developed in proportions of the people outside the face of great natural obstacles the churches, the Institute of Social and frequent crop failures.

and Religious Research2 in 1928 Dry-farming territory of wide began an investigation which extent is found in the Columbia brought to light the fact that six Basin of Washington, Oregon and different kinds of territory of wide Idaho; also in two regions of the extent contain exceptionally large Great Plains, which lie between a numbers who are not merely out- more humid belt on the east and an side the membership but who are arid belt close to the Rocky Moun- practically untouched by the influ- tains, and which are separated by ence of churches. stretches of rougher and less fertile Only four of these six kinds of land. These three regions cover an territory will be considered here. area larger than that of New Eng- All are of recent development and land and the Middle Atlantic States are found largely in the Far West. combined; and they contain 807,- 000 people living outside of centers Dry-Fanning Areas of 2,500 or more inhabitants.

The youngest of these types is In one of the three dry-farming the dry-farming country. This was regions, three-fourths of the people not settled permanently till after are outside the churches; in the the better watered lands had been largely occupied because it is so second, three-fifths; in the third, arid that harvests are precarious four-fifths. Churches of a sort are not lacking; but they are un- 1 Estimated as balfway between tbe Census evenly distributed, the villages and figures for 1920 and 1930. some hamlets having several or- 'The findings of this study are presented in ganizations of different denomina- ~~tn!~~a~~ii~~u~hR~~~~~::" Nle~ti~~~t °i9~~~ tions, and other small centers and ~~~StBb';;;~d~ol~aih~ ~r~s~~de;rt'lcf~r the state- wide reaches of hinterland being 667

without any churches whatever. stituting one-sixth of the land area With a few striking exceptions the of the continental United States. churches are small and poor, have Notwithstanding its low density, very limited ministerial service, in 1920 this area had 619,000 inconduct no activities except occa- habitants living in the rural dissional preaching services and Sun- tricts. day schools, and have failed to win the cooperation of large propor- In the grazing region consisting tions of the people. In a repre- largely of Utah, where most of the sentative dry-farming county sur- people are Mormons, 55 per cent veyed, five-eighths of the country belonged to churches in 1926; in families had no regular contact western Texas, where three-fifths with church or Sunday school. of the inhabitants are Spanish- American Roman Catholics, the Yet nine-tenths of the dryland- proportion of the people belonging ers are Protestant by tradition; to churches was 52.5 per cent. In and will be reached, if at all, by the two Protestant grazing regions Protestant religioUS agencies. the situation was quite otherwise. In one only one-fourth of the peo- Grazing Country ple, and in the other less than one- sixth, were enrolled in the church Many unchurched Americans are membership. Of the twenty-eight also found in the arid grazing Protestant counties investigated, lands. Here the people are even only six had as high a proportion more widely scattered than in the as one-fifth of the people in the dry-farming country; for there is churches; nine had less than a an average of only one ranch in tenth; and three had less than a seven square miles. The climate is twentieth. And in more than half too dry for crops to mature without the total area of the entire fifty-five irrigation and the irrigable acre- sample counties of four grazing age is extremely small. The herbage regions, including both Protesis so sparse in some sections that tant and Catholic sections, less a cow must walk twenty miles in than one-fifth of the people were a day to get enough to eat. Off the ch urch members. main highways travel is over rough roads or rougher trails. Centers In a Protestant grazing county are few, and are strung along the surveyed by the Institute, threewidely separated streams and rail- fourths of the families had no regroads, leaving expanses of uninter- ular contacts with churches; and rupted hinterland hundreds of at the hour of service eleven permiles across. sons were outside church doors to one inside. Grazing country forms far the largest part of the territory be- The churches are few-an avertween the Rocky Mountains and the age of only three per 1,000 square Cascade and Sierra ranges, and is miles. Almost all such churches as also found in the drier and rougher exist are clustered in the larger parts of the Great Plains. In these towns. Not a few counties of over regions arid grazing land extends 3,000 square miles each have but over practically the whole of 110 one or two churches outside the huge counties, occupying three county-seat. times as large an area as the dryfarming country, and in fact con- These town churches try to dupli- cate the buildings and the program

WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED AMERICANS?

of the churches of older regions. people outside the church doors at Their rank and file, and even most the hour of service was sevenof their ministers, know almost eighths in the Michigan county, nothing of the thinly populated nine-tenths in the county in Minnehinterlands stretching far away in sota, and eleven-twelfths in that in every direction. Now and then Washington. From three-fifths to churches are started in smaller three-fourths of the children were centers; but most of these are not enrolled in any Sunday school. very short-lived. Though the cut-over sections Cut-Over Sections have many churches-thirty-one per 1,000 square miles-most of A third kind of territory having them are small. The denominamany unchurched Americans con- tional competition is intensified sists of sections recently denuded here by the presence of churches of primeval forests. With their serving groups of various foreign trees they have lost much of their races. Being small and in a land taxable property, and most of the of poor people, the churches cannot industries that formerly supported afford good buildings, well-paid a great part of the population. ministers, or many-sided programs. Many people have moved away. What these little churches offer In some cut-over districts stumps does not appeal to the general pubare being uprooted with great labor lic of their communities. and expense, and agriculture is being developed. But the farmers The Washington county conoften have to contend with poor tained two large districts entirely soil, stubborn natural growths, destitute of churches. This unforest fires and inaccessibility of churched area had four villages of markets. They live in isolation from 300 to 500 inhabitants, and amidst stump lands, marshes and nine hamlets of over 100 inhabisecond-growth woods, and to a tants. The whole population of great extent upon unimproved this neglected territory was some roads. Schools and other institu- 6,800. A few Sunday schools and tions are still imperfectly devel- monthly preaching services held in oped. Many of the people are im- schoolhouses or private homes, atmigrants of varied racial origins, tracted very small groups of peoattracted by the cheapness of the ple. Nearly 99 per cent of the popuncleared land. ulation never or hardly ever at- tended a service of worship. Two cut-over regions were investigated by the Institute, one lying Seven-eighths of the people of about the Great Lakes and the the cut-over sections, however, other in the Pacific Northwest. have Protestant traditions. The These two regions have a combined responsibility for affording them area of 12,000 square miles, and a effective religious ministry rests rural population of one and one- therefore on the Protestant Church. sixth millions. Mountain Distriots In three cut-over counties surveyed in Michigan, Minnesota and Many unchurched Americans Wasilington, seven-eighths of the are also found in districts among people were outside the church high mountains. Here communimembership. The proportion of the ties and scattered families live in isolation from the outside world

VERMONT: Lamoille County Orange County _ Open country ~ Villages with fewer than 500 inhabitants ~ Villages with 500 to 2500 inhabitants fZ#jIJJ Hamlets ~ Villages without marked contrast in population ~ Towns or small cities Used in IfHinterlands of the Ohurch/' Institute of Socia' and ReUgious RescQiTch, New York.

DIAGRAM SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF POPULATION IN CHURCH MEMBERSHIP (1926), FOR COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT SIZES, IN COUNTIES SURVEYED, REPRESENTING SIX DIFFEREJiT KINDS OF TERRITORY.

and even largely apart from neigh- weekly services even in summer. boring mountain districts. The iso- The only church in the county-seat lation is intensified by steep and had regular preaching services only circuitous approaches, by the scar- during the three summer months, city of railroads and the poor con- and even that not every year. dition of many highways, and by There were half as many closed the deep snows of winter. Mining churches as active churches. and lumber activities, which have usually formed the incentive to set- Many of the original settlers of tlement, have in many cases slack- the mountain counties, who were ened or died out. Farming encoun- very largely miners, had never had ters peculiar obstacles and poverty church affiliations; and the little is nearly universal. The develop- churches have not acquired a posiment of the institutions of civiliza- tion of influence. The general pubtion has been arrested in many of lic are indifferent to them, and the older mountain counties, and in many even of the church workers the younger ones is still at an early show a lukewarm and shame-faced stage. adherence.

Seventy-nine mountainous coun- In spite of this widespread indifties are fOl,lnd partly among the ference to the churches, a large two great masses of the Rocky majority of the people consider Mountains situated within the themselves Protestants, at least to United States and partly among the the extent of desiring the services Sierra Mountains of California. of Protestant ministers at funerals. They have a total area of over 173,- 000 square miles, and a rural pop- These four kinds of new terriulation in 1920 of about 424,000. tory having many unchurched Americans, taken all together, oc- In the forty-four of seventy-nine cupy three-eighths of the area of mountain counties taken as samples the United States, and their rural in the Institute study, more than popUlation in 1920 was about three three-fourths of the people were and one-third millions. All this outside the churches. In half these territory, except two regions of counties the proportion was more grazing country, is Protestant by than four-fifths; and in eight coun- predilection, if not in actuality; ties, more than nine-tenths. More- and therefore constitutes a Protover, of the population of a county estant responsibility. surveyed, persons 0 u t sid e the churches formed thirteen – four- Common Obstacles to Church Work teenths of the population, and in the c 0 u n try districts, twenty- A plausible explanation of the twenty-firsts of the population. At presence of so many unchurched the hour of worship, only twelve Americans in these four kinds of per thousand inhabitants were new territory lies in the fact that present at any religious service, these areas all exhibit charactere it her Protestant or Catholic. istics that render effective religious Three-fourths of the families had ministry extremely difficult. Only no regular contact with any church. small numbers of people live within Six of the ten Protestant churches a convenient distance from comhad fewer than twenty-five mem- mon meeting points. Assembling bers each. Only one church had for services and group activities is restricted not merely by distance, but by bad roads, lack of bridges,

and topographical barriers. Most few lay workers and contributors, of the people are so poor that they low expenditures, restricted minis- have little margin from which to terial service, and a very limited contribute to the support of church- program. The little churches found es. Because of the youth of these in these areas have been unable to lands, common acquaintance and influence and to enlist the people of the habit of cooperation, which fa- their vicinities; and in many cases cilitate the development of such they have lost their hold upon chil- social organizations as churches, dren of their original members.

have barely begun to develop; and Having come from long-estab- in some districts there is not even lished and densely settled sections any place to hold services except of the country, the church people the little country schoolhouses. of these lands have tended to work These conditions constitute effec- toward the forms of church admin- tive handicaps to the work of the istration familiar to them in their churches. But that the difficulties former homes, that is, toward full- are not insurmountable is shown time resident ministers, circuits or by the fact that grazing regions yoked churches, and increasing de- where Mormons or Roman Cath- nominational competition. None of olics predominate have compara- these methods is adapted to the tively few unchurched persons, al- conditions of the newer lands.

though the common obstacles to As a natural consequence, the church work exist there in an ex- number of unchurched Americans treme degree. Moreover, under in these four kinds of new terri- similar conditions a very few Prot- tory is not decreasing. Indeed, estant churches alone in their among eight Protestant regions of fields, through strong and sus- the four types, the Protestant graz- tained work, have succeeded in en- ing regions and the mountain re- listing large proportions of their gions, which are the oldest, and in natural constituents. which churches have therefore been Ineffective Churches at work longest, have more un- churched people than the more re- The presence of many un- cently settled cut-over and dry- churched Americans, therefore, is farming regions; and among the not an inevitable result of adverse three dry-farming regions, the conditions; it is to be attributed in older have more unchurched people part to characteristics of the than the younger. In general, the churches themselves. Each church new lands are witnessing, not the came into existence independently, churching of the unchurched, but as the church of some group of set- the dechurching of the churched.

tlers with a common preference for Scattered indications are not a particular denomination. Because lacking in these areas, however, the settlers of most neighborhoods of new experiments in interdenom- represented many diverse origins inational cooperation, and of the both geographical, social and racial, introduction of methods of church churches of various denominations work that are better adapted to tended to arise in close proximity. the peculiar environmental condi- In regions where people are so scat- tions. Upon the fate of such recent tered and so poor, neighboring developments depends the success churches are inevitably small, with of the churches of the new lands.

PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS *

BY THE QRf NEaVtiO."1H/,uE' RMiM88iAonN8~NPNre.sbMyteOriRanSEJh'UDr~hD.:' N Yk A. or B oard u. e; T HE topic is broad enough to new angles of old problems. That cover most of the concerns of process of expansion, change, and home missions. Few, if any, exploration is the history of Home problems of church work are ever Missions. It is also its present completely solved. This is not so and doubtless will be its future. much a confession of weakness as it is a recognition that America The Problem of Extension has experienced a constant process of growth and change. There are The Home Missions Congress no static problems in home mis- formulated a definition· of Home sions to be solved by exact formula Missions which emphasized five asbut there are a succession of prob~ pects. The most elemental of these lems undergoing continuous alter- is "to make the Church available to those sections of America which ation. Home Mission work began as a lack its ministry." We may call problem of preaching the Gospel this the problem of physical extenand planting the church in new sion, the provision of at least a communities. Enlarging territory minimum of religious privilege for and expanding population kept our every community in home mission fathers keenly aware that no sooner territory. The planting of new was this problem advanced toward churches virtually ceased three solution in one section than it was decades ago save in growing cities recreated for them elsewhere. The and suburbs. In most sections the frontier line receded before them. larger denominations are substan- They never quite caught up with it. tially reducing the number of their Then, in due time they became churches. It is recognized that aware that communities differed in many areas have more churches many vital ways and that these than they need. On the other hand differences constituted other prob- thousands of small communities are l~ms for the church. The composi- still completely unchurched. Chiefly tIon of the population changed. this concerns the more sparsely Contrastp, in race, language, color, settled portions of our country. culture, ~conomic status and social Where populations are dense a opportunity, religious background community without a church is a and outlook, accessibility, and gen- rarity, although every expanding eral standard of living-such fac- city or industrial area furnishes its tors so completely characterized the quota of new communities for course of American development as which churches must be provided. to keep the missionary enterprise Usually both resources and interest constantly exploring new ways to are available for the meeting of meet new situations, or to deal with such needs. But there is a mar- ginal problem not so dramatically t" '1 I hls brief paper has no ambition to list! evident and not so easily command- ing either interest or support. Scatbi e one o:l!er a solution for all the unsolved tered throughout the country are Pptlreor mlet m8s: of home missions. Its limits only c<?mment on certain ones of unquesoned slgmficance.-H. N. M.

3 673

many thousand small neighbor- largement of the service of exist- hoods, mostly isolated, with their ing churches. The Congress defini- populations aggregating in the mil- tion of Home Missions includes as lions which together constitute the its first element the following: most striking instance of religious "To win men and women to dis- neglect. Every state in the Union cipleship of Jesus Christ, to unite in which there are mountains, or them with other disciples in the cut-over timber lands, or dry-farm- fellowship of the Christian Church, ing areas, or small industrial cen- and to educate them for worship ters attracting foreign labor, as and service at home and abroad by coal mines or oil developments, has helping them to discover and to its share of these unchurched accept for themselves and for soneighborhoods. * ciety at large the full consequence The fact that this neglected pop- of Christian discipleship." The ulation is widely scattered and is Congress repeatedly called atten- usually found in very small aggre- tion to the fact that within com- gates, makes religious ministry for munities amply provided with them a matter of serious difficulty. churches are very many people who Frequently Sunday-school missions are almost completely overlooked or some similar form of itinerant by them. In almost every commu- service offers the only practicable nity, large or small, are people out- solution. Elsewhere churches could side the churches who are never be maintained, but would need a definitely sought out with the chal- large measure of missionary sup- lenge of Christian discipleship or port which has not hitherto been the ministry of Christian service.

available. Generally speaking, no Sometimes it is a particular racial satisfactory program could be de- or social group that is overlooked.

veloped along strictly denomina- Sometimes it is an isolated rural tional lines but must be sought neighborhood near the borders of through the medium of interde- the community. More frequently it nominational cooperation. Such is just a case of scattered folk who distinctively missionary responsi- are not noticed by the churches.

bilities as the Mormon area, the In the beginnings of Home Mis- Indian reservations and Cuba, sion work there was constant em- show considerable populations for phasis upon the responsibility of whom no evangelical work has ever each church to extend its own min- been attempted. Here the impulse, istry not only throughout its own and at the outset the financial sup- community but into neighboring port, must come almost entirely communities. That emphasis is as from the outside. m u c h needed today as ever.

Churches frequently are lacking in The Overlooked Groups that missionary zeal directed to- There is another aspect of ward their own immediate areas. church extension which is con- They have generally no conception cerned not with the planting of new of a larger parish for which they churches or the development of new are responsible. They tend to think forms of ministry, but with the eii- of their own constituencies rather than of the total populations to be *' Cf. Hinterlands of the Ohurch. Elizaheth reached. The churches in the aver- R. Hooker, Institute of Social and Religions Research, 1931. age village draw enough members

UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS

from the surrounding country to nance of any reasonable program. weaken and discourage such open In many parts of the country a country churches as may still be startlingly large proportion of the there, but do not make a consistent rural churches have less than effort to strengthen such country twenty-five members each and opchurches or to provide that thor- erate on budgets of less than $500 ough ministry for rural people a year. In the towns and cities, which would make the country while there are, of course, many churches unnecessary. The result churches of outstanding strength, is that the country areas adjacent the typical church operates perilto village or town or city are be- ously near the line of bare subsistcoming the most poorly served sec- ence. tions in the nation. As regards the problem of the city, it was empha- This situation is, obviously, in sized in the Congress that the city part due to the existence of more must be viewed as a whole and that churches than our present church any consideration which does not strength could reasonably be exemphasize the responsibility of pected to support. In part it is due each church in a city-wide strategy to our failure to select out and is fatally inadequate. energetically develop that large number of churches which are in a For the country as a whole it is position to render valuable service significant that the proportion of but which have never been suffiour population which is outside of ciently promoted. Among the spethe membership of all churches has cific problems involved here are remained the same for at least many of the hardy perennials of twenty-five years. Prior to that Home Mission history-such as the time the church consistently grew development of competent leadermore rapidly than the population ship; the provision of a just and as a whole. It almost seems as if reasonable minimum of salary; the the Church were content to peg its development of local financial rework at the point which it has now sources for the support of the reached with half of the population church; the encouragement of local in and half of it out of the church initiative and local m.anagement. membership. There are considerations here of The Problem of Development. ecclesiastical policy which run well beyond the range of home mission- This consideration leads us at ary responsibility or resources. once to a third one which might be There are three striking facts, called the problem of church devel- however, that apply with almost opment. The Congress definition equal force to all of the larger emphasizes the need "to supply Protestant denominations. The first adequate church leadership where is that each of them has a very the work of the present church is large number of churches which unsuccessful or inadequate." It are either chronically vacant or are seems not to be generally appreci-· quite inadequately served. Many ated that a large proportion of all such churches are served by men Protestant churches in both city who are compelled to make much of and country are below the point of their living outside of their minisnumerical and financial strength try. Others are so combined in which is adequate to the mainte- circuits as to put an unreasonable

burden upon their ministers and elementary parish school conducted provide the churches only with as the precursor of the public long-range and part-time care. The school which the people are not yet second fact is that our existing interested or able to maintain and system of church support provides having as its objective the provimany of our ministers with some- sion of the standard elements of an thing less than simple justice. elementary training. Many such Burdens are piled upon them which schools formerly conducted have a man can hardly carry and the long since been given up. They support is inadequate and often precarious. Looked at broadly, it have achieved their purpose of eduwould seem that we have not yet cating the community to a sense of learned how to make the most effective use of our ministerial per- the value of public education and sonnel or to enable them to make the state has relieved the church of the most effective use of their tal- what in our Protestant system we ents. The third fact demonstrated regard as a state responsibility. daily from end to end of our coun- Ultimately it is to be hoped Home try is that the community which Missions will not need anywhere to is over-churched is usually under- conduct schools of this type since ministered and the thing that hurts our aim as the Congress put it is is not so much the surfeit of "to supplement rather than to subchurches as the lack of construc- stitute for the responsibilities of tive personal ministry. the state in education."

The Problem of the Underprivileged Other more advanced or more specialized types of mission schools The fourth element of the Con- were developed in due course. gress definition concerns our service to those in need: "In the case These schools do more than the of handicapped or retarded areas state might do if it were willing or underprivileged groups, to as- and able. They discharge a spesist in providing those institutions cific and particular missionary purand services which are the neces- pose in relation to our total prosary elements·of a Christian stand- gram. The provision of a trained ard of living to the end that the and consecrated Christian leader- Christian community life may be ship will be a major objective for developed." This aspect of Home a long time to come in all of our Missions raises a problem which is twofold, to know when to provide distinctively missionary areas. such service and to know when to Other forms of service ministry cease to provide it. which were developed rather later The earliest missionaries to the than the mission school have at- American Indians found it desir- tained places of grealfinfluence in able to teach them to read and write and to instruct them in the the present program. Medical servrudiments of agriculture and hand- ice is perhaps the most fundamenicraft. The mission school naturally resulted. As developed through tal of these. The more impoverished the years it has taken a number of sections of the country are still characteristic forms. There is the woefully lacking in hospital facili- ties and competent medical and public health service. We have not in this country generally estab- lished either in theory or in prac- tice the responsibility of the state in this field. Our Indian population

is about the only considerable ex- are poor; or alien, or imperfectly ception and even here the provision adjusted to their environments, or made by the Federal Government groups in process of transition, is quite inadequate. While the mis- there is definitely room for this as- sion boards have done yeoman serv- pect of our ministry.

ice in many parts of the home Christ and the Social and Civic mission territory in equipping hos- Questions pitals, maintaining doctors and nurses and conducting a general The fifth and final aspect of the health program, this, in relation to Congress definition takes us into the existing need, is probably the the realm of applied Christianity.

most undeveloped aspect of our This emphasizes our responsibility program. To cite a single instance, "to bring the Christian impulse to the Dominican Republic has one bear upon the broad social and physician to every 8,700 people as civic questions of our day." We are compared to one physician for here concerned with a problem of every 700 people in the United interpretation and education rather States. There are just seven than with the conduct of specific trained Dominican nurses in the institutions or activities. No con- whole Repubtic, all of them gradu- sideration of the duty and oppor- ates of the mission hospital, or one tunity of the church can ignore the trained nurse to 128,000 people, question of the bearing of Chris- whereas in New York there is one tian principles upon those problems trained nurse to every 305 people. of our modern world which chal- An unstandardized, but very lenge the consistency of our Gospel.

valuable feature of the service pro- The Congress noted, for example, gram of Home Missions, is the that "the exceptional difficulties community or neighborhood house. under which many of our fields are In some sections the neighborhood laboring in this year of business house is. the forerunner of the depression accentuate the respon- church, doing the pioneer work in sibility in the field of economic an area where personal ministry is well-being. We believe our Home the only possible avenue of Chris- Mission Boards should take the tian approach. In other sections, leadership in summoning Christian notably in the service of the alien people to shape the economic struc- populations of our great cities, it is ture of American life in accordance a more or less permanent adjunct with Christian ideals. It is not to the church, providing those enough to deal with economic crises forms of adapted service to per- as they occur. So far as in us lies, sonal need which require a special- we must take measures to prevent ized equipment and training be- their occurrence and to guarantee yond the resources of the average to all our people an opportunity to conventional church. There are no achieve a Christian standard of practical limits to the degree to living."

which this type of service could Various aspects of this problem be profitably expanded whether come up at almost every stage of through a separate service station our work. If our concern is with or through special workers at- the Negroes, or with any of our tached to organized churches. As foreign-speaking groups, notably long as there are families which the Orientals on the coast and the

Mexicans in the southwest, we can- our ecclesiastical assemblies. A not be oblivious to questions of race rather impressive volume of resodiscrimination. If our concern is lutions have been passed. The difwith our great industrial popula- ficulty here does not seem to be in tions we cannot avoid an inquiry as determining what ought to be done. to what Christianity has to say The "unsolved problem" is how to about relations in industry. Unem- get it done. The Congress emphaployment and poverty cannot be sized that we ought now to pass viewed as exclusively economic from the "resolution" stage to the phenomena. International goodwill "action" stage by an aggressive is more than a political problem. movement of concerted effort with One might almost indefinitely elab- the dual purpose of eliminating orate the catalogue of questions competition and of cooperatively that point the moral that the extending our service to all un- Church today must concern itself served areas. To this end our first with all these problems of life ad- need is a question of attitude and justment in our modern world. spirit. We have the technique and the organization. What we need is Comity and Cooperation a wider diffusion of a cooperative spirit. At the same time it is nec- To this list of unsolved problems essary and desirable that we consuggested by the Congress defini- tinue to extend and develop the tion of Home Missions must be various cooperative organizations added two others. One is the prob- which in cities, states and nationlem of interdenominational comity ally provide the channels through and cooperation. The sincerest which our evangelical bodies may friend of the church must concede work together in their common that there is here an unsolved prob- tasks and study together their comlem of great urgency even while mon problems. contending what is undoubtedly the case, that rather remarkable prog- If we could find the way· to ress has been made in recent years deepen the spiritual life of the along this line. This was expressed Church we would doubtless in so in the Congress findings in the fol- doing increase its missionary zeal. lowing significant sentence: "It is If the church as a whole had an inthe plain truth that awareness of escapable conviction that it must go the significance of this problem is a forward, doubtless the means with modern development, that much of which to go forward would be the urgency of it is created by mod- found. In all our work primacy ern conditions, that we are trying must be given to the fundamental in a decade to undo the mistakes of religious motive. A stronger detera century and that, however uneven our success, we have made mination to prosecute the work of real progress and are developing the desire and the will to go for- the church will grow out of nothing ward to success." but a deeper religious experience. For some years now the question of interdenominational cooperation "What we need and what we believe has had the serious consideration the church at large needs is a renewed not only of mission boards but of and more vital consciousness of God; a sense that Jesus is Saviour and that there is none other either for the indi- vidual or for society, that without Him we can do nothing, that through Him we can do anything that needs to be done."

THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY

GONE?

BY THE REV. MALCOLM DANA, D.D., New Haven, Conn.

Director Oountry Life Depa,rtrneut" Cangrega.Uona,l Church Extcnsh.m BoardtS T HE distinctly open country "Urban? Why, bless your heart, type of church is probably we are nothing but an overgrown destined to share the fate of country town. This city is made up the crossroads store and the village of farmers who brought along with blacksmith shop. A town and coun- them their own habits and ways of try church is on the way with a looking at and doing things."

parish planned to include both cen- The visitor told this incident to ters and adjacent countrysides. an audience a while later, and re- Rural religion and the country marked: church are therefore entering upon "These people were describing a new and most important era, al- the same thing, but from opposite though their work may be more poles of experience. What is going qualitative than quantitative. Those on is interpenetration. City influ- interested are challenged to devise ences are backing up into the coun- new plans and programs suited to try, and rural folks are building a changed and changing country- themselves and their customs into side. The task is not an easy one. the life of urban centers."

It calls for a modern appraisement This movement calls for serious of the country church, and for a and thoughtful attention! Such thorough understanding of signifi- silent and subtle interchange chal- cant trends and movements in the lenges rural and city churches alike rural religious and secular fields. to see to it that neither institution Rural·Urban Interpenetrations suffers from this important give' and take.

Both the rural and urban reli- :Back·tier Populations gious forces are challenged to deal with a movement described by a In contrast to the merging of in- well-known sociologist. He was terests is the development of a new visiting in a small Iowa town and type of rural isolation. The fact referred to it as "rural." The clas- of diminishing popUlations is gen- sification was resented in some such erally recognized. But the effects words as these: of the exodus to the cities, and the "We are not rural, or different moving of country people out to from city folks. We dress and act paved highways are not so well as they do. We have city conveni- known. Nevertheless, back-tier ences in our homes, and go to urban populations are developing in many centers for our pleasures and en- quarters of the land. Superior folk joyments." still live in depleted areas and will A few days later he was talking continue to do so. But these migra- to one of the leading bankers of a tions are partly responsible' for large city not far distant from this "rural vice equalling anything to same village. He happened to use be found in Chicago, New York or the word "urban," which evoked Boston; spiritual illiteracy match- this comment: ing any book illiteracy to be found 679

in the 80uthern mountains; and a peals to mere sentiment and emo- need for medical missions almost tion.

as keen as in India and Africa." Attitudes Toward Mission Aid Nor are these conditions charac- teristic of regions where the great A fourth challenge asks for a distances and sparsely settled areas newly conceived, better designated might be expected to produce isola- and differently administered "mis- tion and loneliness. They exist in sion aid."

older and more populous states, and Rural churches were never more are often to be found only a few needed to help solve the problems miles back .from old and historic of the American countryside, and churches quite given to celebrating to assist in mitigating serious con- their one hundredth and one hun- ditions existing there. But dimin- dred and fiftieth anniversaries. In- ished memberships and constitu- deed, "overlooking" is fast being encies make it impossible for them recognized as a more frequent and to do the work alone and unaided.

reprehensible sin than that of the Nevertheless, there is a growing more talked about "overchurch- disinclination on the part of rural ing." Churches of the countryside ministers and churches, and even are therefore challenged to go out more on the part of young men who from even small centers to experi- are thinking of entering the min- ence the joys of "detours," and to istry, to be termed "missionary."

discover the blessedness of a new Some think the time has come to mission and field of work in the drop that word from the vocabu- region of back-country roads. lary of religious work. What was Passing of Pioneer Home Missions once a help has become a hindrance and an embarrassment. Churches Another challenge has to do with which are most needed, and which the passing of home missionary have the best right to help, are days. These days are gone, along generally the very ones that will with the disappearance of the fron- not ask for or accept so-called "mis- tiers, and rural work is becoming sion aid." This prejudice is ex- pretty much alike everywhere. Dis- plicable! Words change their pop- sertations on such themes as "The ular significance and meaning.

Modern Efficiency of the Country "Charity," for example, used to be Church" sound rather prosaic when a strong and self-respecting word compared to the more thrilling with little or no suggestion of con- tales of pioneer days. descension, almsgiving or dole.

These changes undoubtedly ex- Nowadays the worthiest poor re- plain, to some extent at least, the sent "charity" and abhor even the falling off in benevolent interest slightest idea of becoming "clients"

and giving, experienced by all of of some social service agency. It is the major denominations. Never- much the same with the word "mis- theless, the rural religious enter- sionary!" The term once stood for prise is challenged to vindicate pioneering, the heroic opening up sound theory which claims that ef- of hitherto unsettled lands, and the forts to increase the efficiency of building of new civilizations. But the average country minister and now the word has become too much his church will, in the long run, get of a label to indicate churches re- more permanent results than ap- ceiving financial aid. And churches

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE1

which have always been independ- sistance will be given or withheld ent, but are now fallen on hard according to the will and wish of times, are not likely to sue for certain individuals. So, with in- "mission aid." Thus, work which creasing frequency, some of the should be pushed more vigorously most needed and worthwhile than ever, and along new and ad- churches, prefer to die rather than venturesome lines, often' languishes ask for or receive "mission aid" or dies. administered in such a manner.

State ideas and procedures may State ideas and practice are adeindicate the way of escape from a quate to meet the situation. Devery real dilemma. The state frank- nominational funds might be raised ly realizes a tendency for popula- and administered in the same imtions and money to concentrate at personal manner, as supplementaurban centers, thus leaving behind tion or equalization funds. When depopulated and impoverished churches have raised a fair proporareas. It therefore creates and tion of the money necessary to semaintains special funds to help in cure privileges commensurate with matters of schools, roads and their needs and opportunities, they health. When these places have also would automatically become raised a certain percentage of the beneficiaries of funds created to funds necessary to meet local needs, stimulate that very achievement. they become automatically benefi- In lieu of all that country churches ciaries of state moneys set apart have given up from time immemofor the express purpose of supple- rial that city churches might live, menting their own. Such procedure such assistance could never be conis self-operative, self-adjusting, sidered "charity" or even benevoand works everywhere the same. lence. It would be sheer justice! Money is not given or received as The arrangement would be accharity. On the contrary, the meth- cepted as a just and equitable od is considered a just and states- method whereby churches everymanlike one. It enables peoples where might be helped to a leaderand communities everywhere to get ship, equipment and means, suffiand maintain institutions and priv- cient to guarantee to remote and ileges which guarantee the same impoverished churches and areas high levels of citizenship through- the same high levels of religious out the entire state. privilege now possible only to more accessible and well-to-do churches Like conditions in the field of and regions. rural religion argue for similar ideas and a like strategy. Church Comparisons with Modern Agriculture populations have always drifted cityward resulting in depleted and The fifth challenge to rural reliimpoverished country churches. gion and the country church is for Nevertheless, the latter are expect- a technic and attainment which can ed to cope with the most exacting stand comparison with those of the period of their history. The task great avocation of the countryside is an impossible one! Therefore -agricultUre. these churches must ask help, if they are to receive any, from some The rural church simply must state official or board. The trans- continue to exist and get results in action is highly personal, and as- the face of heavy odds. Its task is

rendered doubly hard because it is he will have little or nothing to do forced into daily comparison with with either. They will not be able the technic and achievements of to command his respect, following scientific agriculture and machine and support. farming. And few churches can bide the test! Nevertheless, they This challenge to efficiency does are challenged to do so. Two phases not belittle a primary need for conof this requirement are worth con- secration, spiritual mindedness, or sidering. religious fervor and devotion on the part of the rural minister. It In the first place, the rural does maintain, however, that coloschurch is bound to cooperate in sal piety can never do its perfect producing successful farmers. A work until it operates by means of noted economist cites the fact that a technic and program comparable according to a natural law there is to those of scientific agriculture. a tendency for the best lands to Nor is such efficiency alone matter pass into the hands of the most of ministerial efforts. The rural efficient farmer. Therefore, if rural minister has other needs than those America is ever to be evangelized of financial assistance. State offithe Christian farmer must be the cials are challenged to become best farmer." These statements sug- something more than mere placegest two queries. If the inefficient ment men and money getters. They farmer is even now being pushed themselves must become efficiency off the soil, will not a similar fate experts and field specialists interovertake the inefficient country ested and informed in a now well minister in a coming day of fewer established rural church technic. and better churches? Again, if evangelization of the countryside is New Conceptions a matter of making the Christian farmer the best farmer, must not The eighth challenge bids the the rural church be vitally inter- rural minister and the country ested in a successful agriculture as church acquire and practice right well as in the more distinctly spir- conceptions of both community and itual achievements? parish.

In the second place, the rural Accusation is made that the Protminister must be the peer of the estant Church has always possessedfarmer. Twenty-three per cent of two great weaknesses. It has not the people are now food producers. had a theory of parish based upon But the claim is made that ten per a study of the area to which it cent of the population of the United ought to minister, and it thinks in States will ultimately feed the nine- terms of constituencies rather than ty per cent. What does that sig- of populations. Parish, it is afnify? This. That ten per cent firmed, has never been a geographfarmer is destined to be the most ical concept at all, but has been the intelligent, highly trained, indus- sum of the church's supporters and trious, and efficient farmer that the adherents. Churches are primarily world has ever seen. There is chaJ- concerned abo u t "birth-right" lenge to the rural minister and his members, or about peoples of parchurch! Both must watch that ten ticular social levels or intellectual per cent farmer in method, equip- types. Families can live within ment, industry and results, or else easy distance of a number of churches and yet be no part of the

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE?

attentive concern of anyone of the same. According to the latest them. definition, a Larger Parish is "a Such faults are largely due to definite area, preferably one form- early policies of Home Missionary ing a natural community, where days when it was the custom for the religious groups join in a com- denominations to rush in pell mell, mon ministry, with a representa- all together, to occupy so-called tive council and a diversified serv- "strategic centers." Such irreli- ice."

gious competitions in turn begat This is a sound application of the two unpardonable sins of Prot- sociological discoveries. It is also estantism, viz., over-churching and following the lead of such move- over-looking. And, strangely, the ments as farmer cooperatives and second has always been resultant the consolidated school, and for from the first! Surveys show an similar ends. The Larger Parish almost universal fact! Whenever secures for the rural religious en- and wherever there is congestion terprise unity of action and a of religious privilege at village and larger area of patronage and sup- town centers there is always a cor- port. It makes possible better responding neglect of nearby and leadership and more ample equip- adjacent countrysides. ments. The cooperating peoples get Happily, the challenge to better together what no single group things is being accepted. A fact- of them might get alone. The pro- finding age, with its "survey meth- gram is a seven-day-a-week one, od," is fixing responsibilities for and considers the whole man and a newly discovered "actual commu- the entire life process. It is "com- nity" or "trade area." These com- munity minded," and seeks to dis- munities include both villages and prove the general accusation made their respective "town's land against rural churches, that very foundations." Catching step with few of them "are community sociology, enterprising ministers churches in the sense of actually and churches are perceiving that serving, or attempting to serve, all the "parish" must be identical with elements in the community and all these easily discoverable natural aspects of community life." It is communities. And services ren- also "activity centered," and at- dered by the rural minister and the tempts to do away with another country church must be to every weakness of the Protestant Church.

last soul living upon such an "in- "The most amazing thing about the habited area of land." country church is on how meager a program it can keep alive and satis- Ministry to Areas and Populations fied. Such a program costs very A final challenge to the rural little, and secures benefits for the minister and the country church is community that are proportional." to think and serve in terms of areas "Over-looking" is also to be banand popUlations. ished along with over-churching! The newer ideas of community Every individual and family living and parish are finding their best within the Larger Parish is not application in an increasing use of only to be discovered, but also made the Larger Parish. The latter is "a part of the attentive concern" perhaps more of a movement than of one of the cooperating churches, it is a technic and plan everywhere and of the Larger Parish itself.

AMERICA ENDURE

RELIGION?

BY THE REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., New York Author of "The Fell_shi" vf Toil!'; Secretary 0/ the ROMd of National Mi8sions oJ the Presbytenan Church in the U. S. A.

N o ONE who knows history vantages which stable government will question the affirmation offers to the citizens, as a whole, that the religious need of and which orderly self-restraint the nation is its primary need. offers to each one, replace super- Until this is supplied the nation is natural sanctions and hold in check not secure and it cannot be free. the violence of masses and the self- A nation may exist without reli- indulgent impulses of the individ- gion but it cannot live without it. ual? History, if she cannot give a Experience has shown that reIi- complete answer to this question, gion is the most efficient of all fac- tells us that hitherto civilized so- tors in human history because it ciety has rested on religion, and furnishes at once essential ideas, that free government has pros- inspires great motives, controls so- pered best among religious peo- cial conditions and creates great pIes."

men. "Religion," said Daniel Web- Religion has a power that noth- ster, "is a necessity, an indispensa- ing else has to make bad men good, ble element in the life of a nation; to turn the profane to the holy, the there is no living without it." man unreal into the man most true.

Religion is the only basis upon Science has not that power, nor which a commonwealth that will has art. They are witnesses to the endure can be built. No amount of elevation of man, but they do not wealth or extent of culture has cause it. A noble religion causes ever given a nation strength when the elevation of man, creates his the religious element has been in science and his art. The forward decay. "Sometimes, standing in the movements of the world have been midst of a great American city," led by good men and women, per- says Mr. James Bryce in the Amer- sons made good by their religious ican Commonwealth, "one is star- ideals. History and experience tIed by the thought of what might prove that religion is the motive befaII this huge, yet delicate, fab- that turns the wheels of daily life, ric of laws and commerce and the inspiration that prompts self- social institutions were the founda- sacrifice, the force of will that re- tion it has rested on to crumble sists temptation and prompts obe- away. Suppose that all these men dience to truth, the aspiration that ceased to believe that there was develops character and guides con- any power above them, any future science. '-·'fII; before them, anything in heaven In America we are face to face or earth but what their senses told today with what may be called the them; . . . would man say, 'Let supreme moment in our history as us eat and drink, for tomorrow we a nation. It is the people who rule die'? or would custom, and sym- now, and unless God lives in and pathy, and a perception of the ad- rules through the people, the end 684 of all our struggles, the goal of all Democratization without Chris- our hopes and the boast of all our tianization is not sufficient to save progress wj]} be chaos, and chaos America. History shows that de- means death. No nation ever need- mocracy apart from religion is ed more than America needs the mechanical, powerless and lifeless high inspiration and guidance of -a form without a spirit. The an enabling and compelling reli- mere transfer of governmental and gious faith. social control from the self-seeking Socialization without Christian- few to the self-seeking many would ization is not sufficient to save not of itself be of any great benefit America. History abounds with to the nation or assure its endur- proof of the inadequacy of social- ance. Experience records the fact ization without moral impulse and that democracy apart from the spiritual power either to bring "fear of God" has always resulted about any permanent reform or to in failure, in disorder and in ter- account for it. The modern world ror. Lacking the spirit of Christ is beginning to see that no new leg- the Republics of Florence and Ven- islation win suffice. No new indus- ice yielded to dictators. For the trial system and changed economic same reason the first Republic of order in th~mselves will create the France passed through anarchy new social order which will insure and blood and then under the des- the endurance of the nation. There potism of the first Napoleon, and is no difficulty that cannot be over- the second Republic was easily come if one sets out with the right transformed into the empire of kind of citizens, but it must not be Napoleon Third.

forgotten that the chief sources of Democratization without Chris- our national and international tianity is not the way of salvation troubles are old-fashioned selfish- for a nation. Such a democracy is ness and ignorance. All efforts of a dead machine. Both history and socialization that ignore or evade experience demonstrate that de- the effects of selfishness and sin is mocracy cannot be worked without a socialization dealing with the a constant and practical recogni- symptoms of our social ills and not tion of the fundamental teachings its disease. What America needs of Christ, namely, the Fatherhood today is to be saved from the dis- of God, the brotherhood of man ease that is tarnishing its record and the infinite value of every hu- and impeding its progress; then in man soul in the eyes of God. When time the symptoms will take care democracy is based on these doc- of themselves. In laying the whole trines it is primarily a faith and stress on external conditions, in secondarily a form. Democracy is making these the main factors, the both a peril and a promise. With- chief element of the earthly para- out Christianity, it is a peril: with'

dise, socialization without Chris- Christianity, it is a promise.

tianization, is ethically imperfect Education without Christianity and inadequate to the purpose it is not sufficient to save America.

contemplates, n a mel y, that of Our fathers were wise in separat- bringing in a saved America ing the Church from education but wherein dwelleth righteousness, it does not follow that they intend- the only basis on which America ed to separate the Christian reli- can endure. gion from education. The effort to

do this has resulted in great in- be broken as soon as other ar- jury to both. If America is to en- rangements seem more profitable.

dure it must have the inspiration The Kingdom of God cannot be of religion and the restraint of claimed for America on any such education. "What God hath joined terms. The world waits for a de- together let no man put asunder," mocracy wise enough to rule and and experience is teaching us to- good enough to be trusted. It day that He has joined religion should be our prayer as Americans and education. To say that Chris- that such a democracy may be real- tianity has nothing to do with ized in America.

education is like saying that at- On the brow of the hill overmosphere has nothing to do with looking the bay where the Mayarchitecture. flower was moored they h a v e Character, rather than learning, erected a colossal statue of national is the primary need of a democracy significance. On the four corners that is to endure. Only as America of the pedestal repose four figures, is Christian can it endure. Social- representing Law, Morality, Freeization and education wit h 0 u t dom and Education. But above Christianity will inform America; these there stands erect the gigandemocratization without Christian- tic figure of Faith. Thirty and six ization will reform America, but feet she rises from the foot, which only as America is Christian can it rests upon a slate from Plymouth be transformed in a way that will Rock. With one hand she grasps insure its permanency. We shall an open Bible, and with the other never have a democracy in Amer- in graceful gesture she points the ica worth having on any other Nation to God. The only book she terms than those of Jesus Christ. opens to· the eyes of the world is He must be put into the thought the Bible-the book that has made of America, the conscience of the American Republic strong, and America, the relationships of the only book that can perpetuate America, the activities of America, it. The Bible has given us the only the spirit of America, if America true religion by which we have is to endure. Christ insisted that been led in our advances of liberty a nation's life, like man's life, con- and learning in the past, and the sists not in the things which it Bible offers us the only true relipossesses. Out of all the conflicts gion by which we can make progof abhorent forces it becomes clearer every day that the new ress in the cause of liberty and life order can only come to a nation in the future.

that has conquered animalism and God of our fathers, known .of old, has risen to the ranks of a brother- Lord of our far-flung battle line; hood founded on love and justice. Beneath whose awful hand we hold Mere social, political, economical Dominion over palm and pine; or educational conventions are like Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, the treaties of nations-made to Lest we forget: lest we forget.

AS SEEN BY AN

BY PAUL AUH, Ph.D., New York Korean Dit:i8i(Jn~ Cornmittfc on PrifndtJj Rnlntions A mo'»g .Fo'rciyn Stttd(:nt8 T wo newly-arrived students in Men and the Elephant." Whatever America were engaged in an picture the present writer may argument about the price of paint of America can be only fragadmission to a moving-p i c t u r e mentary and not representative. theater. America is a paradox, a dilem- "How can that be possible," said rna. It seems to flourish outside one decidedly, "I paid fifty cents of logic, defying reason and disreonly yesterday to go into that the- garding consistency. The American ater, and yet you say you paid sev- scene is full of extremes, and conenty-five cents for the same thing!" fiicting and antagonistic tendencies.

The other retorted in a no less What is remarkable is that the firm tone, "The price sign called American people somehow seem to for that amount, and I complied find peace and calm in a life of with it." dualism. The typical American be- A third student came up and ing a realist, a pragmatist, seems asked what the argument was to gather enough harmony and about. When informed, he said: complacency in these inconsisten- "You are both wrong. The real cies. price is thirty-five cents. You fel- The visitor from the Orient finds lows being strangers here must in America opposing factors that have been cheated." baffle him. There are here two dynamically opposed philosophies The truth was that the three had of life, that taught by Western gone to the theater at three dif- civilization and that based on the ferent times when the admission teachings of Jesus. The contrast price was different: Weekday mat- inee, 35 cents; weekday evenings, becomes bolder because of the exag- 50 cents; Saturdays and Sundays, gerated emphasis upon material- 75 cents. All three students were istic philosophy. right, but only in part. This Western philosophy of life This incident roughly illustrates has taught the people of the West the difficulty of attempting to write to be acquisitive, aggressive, opon "An Oriental View of Christian pressive, individualistic, selfish, America" and describe any people dominating, and exploitative. It or culture. It is a difficult task but has nurtured the people on the it is doubly hazardous to attempt "Get-as-much-as-you-can" principle to characterize a country as vast of life; it has elevated hedonism and as complex as America. At to the throne of God; it has glori- present America is more like a fied force as the supreme virtue of "stew pot" than a "melting pot," man; it has exalted conquest as the and this complicates the situation highest achievement of mankind. still further. The foreign visitor is, Side by side with these rules of thus, unduly exposed to the danger conduct is a code of ethics set up of being like one of the blind men by Christ and directly opposed to in the story of "The Seven Blind the principles of materialistic civil- 687

ization. Christ taught a religion of sal peace and Christian brotherlove, self-sacrifice, humility, and hood, and yet their government renonresistance. It's system of ethics fuses to join the most useful agent is built upon the spirit of "Love of international conciliation and your enemy," and "Turn your other world peace. It is difficult for the cheek." It condemns brute force as Oriental mind to understand how base, hatred as inhumane. any people that recites day after day the petition, "Forgive us our These two systems have been trespasses as we forgive those who compelled to live side by side for trespass against us" can be a party the last twenty centuries. There is to lynching. no reconciliation between the two. They are incompatible. As a re- What is most baffling to the Orisult the West has attempted to live ental visitor is that the masses of a dual life, abandoning neither the American people are not conphilosophy and not fully accepting scious of such a dual living. Their either. complacency is a wonder.

Evidences of this dual standard The Oriental Christian is hurt of life abound everywhere. The for two reasons. First place, behistory of America especially cause he is an Oriental. His life abounds in examples. Here a for- and his religion are one, merged eigner finds the most kindly sort into his everyday conduct. He is of people, hospitable, thoughtful, taught to respect elders not as a sympathetic. But, on the other mere abstract theory, but as a hand, America is unanimously con- moral rule. He is instructed to redemned by the visitors from the gard wisdom as the highest way of East as· the most race-prejudiced, life, not as an idle principle. When un-Christlike country in the world. he is introduced to Christianity as Here one finds millions of dollars the religion of love, he takes it at spent for charity, both at home and its face value. The missionaries abroad, for public service, for mis- from the West show him the virtue sion work in foreign lands, and for of the Sermon on the Mount, and if many other types of work, and yet, he accepts its principles it becomes in contrast the foreign~r discovers his moral standard of conduct, and the most inhumane methods of not merely a set of beautiful ideals money-making, dollar-extracting, to be admired. and a mad lust for gold. The Oriental is deeply impressed with such Second, an Oriental is hurt in expressions of Christian devotion America because he is a follower as that stamped on coins-"In God of Christ. He keenly resents any We Trust." He witnesses the rep- abuse of Christian teaching. When resentatives of the people assem- he hears such expressions as bled in the Congress bowing their "lynch him ;"1 when he is called heads in prayer before making their deliberations, and then is as- :'Chinaman," in an offensive way;' tonished at the ease with which IS separated from other worshipers force is adopted as an instrument and is given an entire pew to himof national policy in its dealings with weaker nations. Teachers and 1 Refers to the meldent whiCh occurred in the preachers, leaders and other thinkers expound the benefits of univer- Cathedral of St. John the Divine In connection with a controversy between Judge Ben B Lin- say and Bishop Manning. .

'Refers to an incident in a New York City church.

AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL

self3 in the temple of the God of In the meantime, the rest of the Love, it saddens and hurts him. world runs rampant.

Has the American Church ener- There are signs that the Amergetically combated the influence of ican Church of today is waking up. materialistic civilization? Unfor- It begins to see that religion must tunately it seems clear that the exert influence on the whole of life. Christian Church in America has Christians are accepting the chalfailed to bring a harmony between lenge of life issues and are comthe two divergent theories of life. bating evil influences instead of It has not succeeded in stemming retreating. A new dawn seems to the mighty torrent of materialism; be coming, and there are new reainstead, it has largely been swept sons to hope that the Christian reaside by the currents of material- ligion will ultimately build the istic teachings. Before the impos- Kingdom of God on earth. But the ing, glittering Towers of Babel, enemies are powerful. Will the the little temples of worship seem American people, who have been colorless and insignificant. Before nurtured with the milk of material the stampede of the powerful army comfort, be able to enjoy the life of mechanical civilization, the that Jesus lived? Christian Church seems to maintain its existence only by retreat- America may build the finest ing, conceding, and conforming. temples of worship, spend millions To the Oriental the American of dollars in Christian work, de- Christian Church seems to be an liver the finest sermons from its institution deprived of its soul and pulpits, produce the highest kind vital power. The living spirit of of literature on Christian dogmas, Jesus Christ seems to have been persuade everyone to attend church lost. The people are drunk with the services, and yet the real spirit and sweetness of material comfort. The soul of Jesus and His teachings Church has inherited a set of reli- may ultimately be found not in the gious dogmas and rites which mean West but in the East. less and less. The Christian religion has largely become class and The writer is not unappreciative race religion with purposeless and of the many American men and intermittent church-going. Reli- women who are the finest types of gion and life have grown apart. Christians. He has met here many kind, understanding, devoted, ear- 3 Refers to an incident in an Iowa church. nest Christians; but America as a whole is not Christian.

WHERE YOUTH ARE WANTED Dr. John R. Mott indicates seven lines of need for youth in active missionary service: (1) to fill important gaps in the missionary ranks; (2) to succeed competent missionaries who must soon retire because of old age; (3) "to supersede relatively incompetent workers;" (4) to reinforce the present staff in many fields in order to prevent the physical breakdown of over-worked missionaries; (6) to adequately man existing institutions in order to make their service more effective; (6) to give expert help in lines of specialization; (7) to enter totally unoccupied fields.

Western students raise the question: "Granted that we may be needed on the mission field, are we wanted there by the natives of the country?" This inquiry has been put to leading nationals in the Church in every mission field. Dr. Mott states the conclusion thus: "In all fields, occupied by three-quarters of the inhabitants of the non-Christian world, native Christian leaders without exception state that they both need and want more missionaries from the West, but they Bpecified that theBe must be the be8t that EurrYpe and America can provide."

4

BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

CHRIST AND THE VILLAGES IN And Jesus with his disciples with- drew to the sea: and a great multitude SCRIPTURE AND SONG from Galilee followed: and from Ju- dea … hearing what great things he For use with study book: "Christ did (Mark 3: 7-8). Comes to the Village." Song: "Glorious Things of Thee And Jesus went about all the vil- Are Spoken." lages teaching, and preaching and healing (Mat. 9: 35). And it came to pass, that he was going on the Sabbath day through the Song: "The Great Physician." grainfields; (Mark 2: 23).

And passing along by the sea of Song: "Far and Near the Fields Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the Are Teeming." brother of Simon casting a net in the sea: for they were fishers. And Jesus And in the morning, a great while said unto them, "Come ye after me, before day, he rose up and went out, and I will make you to become fishers and departed into a desert place, and of men" (Mark 1: 16-17). there prayed (Mark 1: 35).

Song: "Where He Leads Me I Will Song: "The Beautiful Garden of Follow." Prayer."

And seeing the multitudes, he went And it came to pass soon afterwards, up into the mountain: and when he that he went about through cities and had sat down, his disciples came unto villages, preaching and bringing the him: and he opened his mouth and good tidings of the Kingdom of God taught them, saying, (Luke 8: 1).

Blessed are the poor in spirit: for Song: "Hold the Fort." theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Now as they went on their way, he Blessed are they that mourn: for they entered into a certain village: and a shall be comforted. certain woman named Martha received him into her house (Luke 10: 38). Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Song: "Let the Saviour In.''

Blessed are they that hunger and thirst And he went forth again by the sea after righteousness: for they shall side; and all the multitude resorted be filled. unto him, and he taught them (Mark 2: 13). Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. Song: "Peace Be Still."

Blessed are the pure in heart: for And Jesus went forth, and his dis- they shall see God. ciples, unto the villages of Cresarea Phillipi (Mark 8: 27). Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God. Song: "The Old Rugged Cross."

Blessed are they that have been per- They (His disciples) therefore, secuted for righteousness' sake: for when they had testified and spoken the theirs is the kingdom of heaven. word of the Lord, returned to Jeru- salem and preached the Gospel to many Blessed are ye when men shall re- villages (Acts 8: 25). proach you, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you Song: "Lord, Speak to Me." falsely, for my sake.

Rejoice and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets who were before you (Mat. 5: 3-12).

690

METHODS FOR WORKERS

And again he began to teach by the Jesus withdrew from thence in a sea side. And there is gathered unto boat, to a desert place apart: and when him a very great multitude, so that the multitudes heard thereof, they folhe entered into a boat, and sat in the lowed him (Mat. 14: 13). sea (Mark 4: 1). Song: "In the Secret of His Pres- Song: "The Life Line." ence."

And it came to pass that he went Woe to him that buildeth a town out into the mountain to pray; and he with blood (Habakkuk 2: 12). continued all night in prayer to God (Luke 6: 12). Song: "Lest We Forget."

Song: "In the Garden." And wheresoever he entered, into villages, or into the country, they laid And as he entered into a certain the sick in the marketplaces, and bevillage, there met him ten men who sought him that they might touch if it were lepers (Luke 17: 12). were but the border of hi,s garment: and as many as touched him were made Song: "Where Are the Nine?" whole (Mark 6: 56).

There arose a great persecution and Song: "Song of Galilee." * they (all of His disciples) were scattered all abroad throughout the re- Each gentle dove and sighing bough gions of Judea and Samaria … and That makes the eve so blessed to me went about preaching the word (Acts 8: 1-4). Has something far diviner now, It bears me back to Galilee. Song: "Faith of Our Fathel's." Chorus And he went on his way through cities and villages teaching (Luke o Galilee! sweet Galilee! 13: 22). oWhGearelileJee!sussweloevtedGasloileme!uch to be: Song: "We've a Christ for the Vil- Come sing thy song again to me! lages." (Tune: "We've a Story to Tell to the Nations.") Each fiow'ry glen and mossy dell, Where happy birds in song agree, We've a Christ to take to the village, And tell them of God's great love; Through sunny morn the praises tell A Christ who died to save them, Of sights and sounds in Galilee. A Christ who reigns above, A Christ who reigns above. And when I read the thrilling lore And the darkness shall turn to dawning, Of Him who walked upon the sea, And the dawning to noon day bright, When we take Christ to the village, I long, oh, how I long once more With His message of love and light. To follow Him in Galilee!

• Words by R. MorriS, LL.D.; Music by H. R. Palmer.

WORSHIP THOUGHTS OF A FURLOUGHED MISSIONARY A missionary sits alone in the crowd, thrilled by a harmonious beauty of the Christian Cathedral that dwarfs the shabby wonders of the East. A letter is in his pocket: •….. "We deeply regret finances do not permit your return to the field."

What would that stooped old Indian village Christian think of this delicate symmetry of the chancel carving? ….. What richness of organ and choir voices …… The cost of that organ would endow the school forever. What a processional of consecrated young lives that would mean!

Foolish dreams! …… Poor B-, out there alone……. Just a boy trying to do a pastor's work in a village full of ignorance……. So many problems …… Why didn't I wait until next year to take my furlough?

What a gem of a window! I hadn't seen that before. How unique, and how it fits the niche among the arching pillars, ….. Could anyone help worshiping here?

After all, the mud village is so minute, so unimportant. This is the very Presence of God!

What's this dull ache in my heart …… ?-George B. Garden, En Route to India, June, 1!J31, The Chri8tian Advocate.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions- FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America AN UNTOUCHED MIGRANT FIELD shoes, and food. What a Mexican should be paid is just enough to live on, with BY EDITH E. LOWRY maybe a dollar or two to spend. That's all he deserves. If he is paid any more In a study of Mexican labor in the he won't work so much or when we need United States made recently by Paul him; he's able to wait around until we S. Taylor, of the University of Cali- have to raise the price above what's fornia, we discover ·something of the legitimate.'

extent of a migrant field, to date un- "The pressing need for Mexicans in touched. In Dimmit County, Texas certain seasons is indeed some protecthere has been developed a cycle of tion to them. As was said by one crops including corn, casaba melons, grower who regretted that their cotton, egg plant, peppers, squash, wages are not higher, beans, spinach, lettuce, beets, broccoli, onions, citrus .fruit, strawberries and " 'The Mexicans' only protection is that cantaloupes. The laborers used in the they are the only labor available, and cultivation and harvest are for the you can't treat them too badly and hold most part Mexican and many are mi- them. The relations between Mexican grants. laborers and American employers are fine, and are regulated under economic, The peak seasons when the migrant not personal pressure.'

is in demand are from late October to "The attitude of Americans toward January and during April and part of education of Mexicans within their May. Here, as in other sections, the midst exhibits a wide range. The Mexican is making an inestimable con- dominant view is the one expressed by tribution to our national life and yet an onion grower: -what does he receive in return! "'The little education they get in the The following excerpts from this schools here spoils them, and makes them study reveal some of the difficulties trifling. They become peddlers and bootthe Mexican is facing. leggers, or seek some easy way of mak- ing a living. They don't want to do this "The view that 'the lesoS you pay (onion-clipping) or other work. Some them the more work you get done' is of them are bright, and get a good educommon among south Texas farmers. cation at San Marcos (colleges) or some The grower next quoted outlined the other institution, and are fine people. position in detail. Not knowing my They should be taught something, yes. identity, but suspecting my northern But the more ignorant they are, the origin, he voiced doubt that I would better laborers they are. The law which understand the point of view: keeps them out if they can't read (liter- acy test) keeps out the best laborers and " 'I saw an article by a northern woman; lets in the worst. If these get educated, she gave it to the farmers here pretty we'll have to get more from Mexico.' hard. Perhaps I'm talking to the wrong man; if you are from the North you "Another observed, won't understand. The Mexican is getting paid about four bits too much; he "'The white children are in school and gets from $1.50 to $2 a day. He should the Mexicans in the fields. The whole get about 3il. When he has a dollar in community wants to make a living and his pocket he won't work. You get more get rich out of Mexican labor.'

onions transplanted at 5 cents a row "A merchant who, like the grower tnhaatnureyoouf dthoe aMt e1x0iccaenn. ts.HeInt'esedjsusatbtohuet I~t quoted was unsympathetic W.Ith $8 a week, if he has a family, for clothes, thiS point of view, said: 692 "'They seem to be afraid that if they "'Because a – – – greaser is not fit learn, they can't handle them as well as to sit beside a white girl. Anybody who they do now. They seem to be afraid wants to get into trouble around here they will unionize and ask higher wages. can just try to put them in the same Some farmers are afraid that if the school. A man would rather his daugh- Mexicans are educated they will want ter was dead than that she should marry to buy land. Well, why not? They are a Mexican. The Mexicans are too dirty entitled to it. and filthy. If they separate in school the children learn the difference and they "Religion was cited both for and won't mix with the Mexicans. Of course, against the education of Mexicans if they contend for it, we will either have . . . It was a descendant of the earli- to take them into the school or else est settlers of the county who invoked build them another.' religion in favor of their education. "Separation is maintained even "'These people should have recogni- when admittedly uneconomic. As a tion, I say. They should be educated, -school official in one town stated, but it will have to come from some one that feels truly the need of the Bible "'We are going to build a new high quotation, "Do justly, love mercy, and school, and would have room to take the walk humbly before thy God.'" Mexicans in a (separate) room (in the American school), but the board is "Another south Texan with a strong afraid of public sentiment and will not religious strain, who had lived in the do it. They say they will build a sepacounty since cattle days also invoked rate school (for the Mexicans). It isn't the moral and religious appeal: economic.'

"'The Americans do wrong to the "An old woman opposed separation: Mexicans. As a Christian people we 'When we die we are all the same.''' should see that they are educated.' YENCHING CHAPEL "School authorities and teachers, like the general American population The Rural Evangelist Speaks of the county, were divided in their views. Some who did not favor edu- A recent Sunday morning service cating Mexicans have already been of worship at Yenching University quoted. Generally the teachers of was especially impressive. Dr. T. C. Mexicans thought the Mexicans should Choa, University Chaplain, was in be educated, and chafed under inade- charge of the service. The speaker, quate facilities, although one said in Mr. Tsai Yung Ch'un, was a young a bewildered sort 'of way, man with a fine spiritual face. Mr. Tsai was formerly a student at Yen- " 'I have wondered why they don't en- ching, having been graduated last force the attendance law. I see numbers June. For some months he has been who.have never been to school. We now working as a country evangelist for have more than we can do justice to. the American Board Mission in the We don't have time to do as good work villages around Paotingfu and Tinghas in the American school. If they went sien. As he told of the needs of these to school, it would raise their standard rural people and tne insistent call of of living, but of course onion work is service for them, his face revealed the what we have for them to do.' deep sympathy which he had for them, the Christian love which filled his "From a tenant farmer in a district heart, and the desire to give all, that with one school admitting only Amer- he might bring t[) them the uplifting icans came the most vigorous and emo- power of J eBUS Christ. tional utterance which I heard. In response to an inquiry as to why Mex- He told of how when he was about icans were not admitted to their to leave a certain village, word went school, put as mildly as I knew how, around among the church members, he flared back a reply charged with and that evening a number of them race, sex, and class antagonism: gathered at the house where he was staying. They were unable to express

the feeling that filled their hearts. voice saying, 'Be Jesus to them. Move They asked him to lead them in sing- among them in the way the Heavenly ing, "God Be With You Till We Meet Father would-that is your message.' " Again." Then for a long time they talked together. Finally one of them We were told that over eighty per suggested that they pray together. cent of the Chinese population belong Mr. Tsai said: "I prayed. I felt it to the peasant class. About ninety hard to leave them, for I don't know per cent of the whole population are when or who will come again to this rural people. "What is China but this village to be their helper. I could rural mass? If you want to save only put them in the care of our Fa- China you must save the masses. They ther. After my prayer, every one of are the real China." them prayed. So although the village homes are unheated, village life is In closing Mr. Tsai said, "I would warm. Oh, how I love that warmth!" like to present to you a word from Jesus: 'Unless a grain of wheat falls With great earnestness Mr. Tsai on the ground and dies, it remains told of the needs of these village pec just one grain. But if it lives, it yields pIe. He said: "The villagers are suf- a great harvest.' " fering from ignorance, poverty, disease and sellshness, the four great I came away with mingled feelings enemies of China." of great sorrow because of the suf- ferings of China's millions, and great As a concrete illustration, he told of joy in my heart because of Christian a twelve-year-old girl who was so Chinese young men and women, such bright that after studying three as the one we had just listened to, months in a class she was able to read whose consecration, Christ-like love the New Testament. When Mr. Tsai and faith in God, and self-sacrificing came to the viJIage he said, "This girl service give promise of a better, must have a chance for further edu- brighter day for China-a day of cation." But when he visited her more equal opportunities, of brotherhome, her parents said to him: ly love, and Christian fellowship made "Teacher, you see this girl. When- possibl.e through the mighty working ever a teacher comes to stay in the of Jesus Christ our Saviour. village she drops everything and goes to attend the class. But we are poor THE AMERIOAN INDIAN farmers. We cannot afford to let her go. At home she ean help to spin and Study for 1932-1933 earn a few coppers a day." Those who have felt the need for Other instances of privation, lack an up-to-date presentation of the of opportunity, and suffering touched American Indian situation and have the hearts of his hearers, and as the hoped for a year of study on this subdepth of his sympathy and love for ject, wiJI rejoice to know that .The these people sometimes choked the American Indian will be the theme for words, I saw more than one of the the interdenominational home mission listeners wipe the tears away. books in 1932-1933.

After giving other illustrations, Mr. Because of changes in per.sonnel Tsai said, "These all are suffering and management, the Indian Service from problems which are rooted in has been in the public eye constantly ignorance, poverty, disease or selfish- for the pa.st few years, and so it is ness." particularly fortunate that the Mis- sionary Education Movement and "During my first days in Tingh- Council of Women for Home Missions sien," the speaker continued, "I was were able to secure the consent of Dr. tackling the question 'What message Lewis Meriam, one who is thoroughly have I for the villagers 7' After these conversant with all aspects of the situfew months of work, and in the face ation, to prepare the book for adults. Dr. Meriam, who was the Technical of I'llch Slffl)rings, I feel within me a

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Director of the Survey of Indian Af- A course book for Juniors, containfairs conducted under the Institute ing source materials and suggested for Government Research at Washing- procedures will be prepared by Miss ron, is a member of the Society of Katherine Gladfelter, author of "Un- Friends (Quaker) and has a deep der the North Star." There will also personal interest in the Indian mis- be a reading book for this age group sionary work of the Church. written by Miss Dorothy Cate of the staff of the Indian Department, Na- His book will not deal with the past tional Board of the Y. W. C. A. but with the future of missionary work among the American Indians. For primary children there will be According to the tentative plan which a course book, containing source mahas been outlined, such subjects as terials and suggested procedure, prethese will be treated: Social and eco- pared by Mrs. Florence Crannell nomic condition of the Indians, or- Means, author of "Rafael and Conganized effort for Indian advancement, suelo" and Mrs. James F. Riggll. understanding the Indian point of view, attitudes of white people toward The Home Missions Council and the Indians, what is to become of the Council of Women for Home Missions, American Indian in the United States, which through the Joint Committee on winning Indian cooperation, coopera- Indian Work place directors of relition with the Government, evangelical gious education in the large non-reserwork, missionary service to Indian vation Government Boarding Schools families and communities, relation of and cooperate with the Government in missionaries to education of Indian helping to bring about better condiboys and girls, personnel for the mis- tions of living for the Indians, will be sionary enterprise. In brief, the book able to supply helpful supplementary will fall into two sections, the first material for use in connection with part dealing with the Indian situation this study. as it is today and the second with the outstanding opportunities for Chris- HOW TO OBSERVE LABOR tian service. SUNDAY Mi,ss Winifred Hulbert, the author of "West Indian Treasures" has been BY JAMES MYERS spending the past months visiting the Indian schools and mission centers Mr. Myers ts Industrial Secretary, Social throughout the country with the pur- Service Commission, Federal Council of the pose of writing a book for young peo- Churches of Christ In America, ple which will attempt to reflect the thought and aspiration of Indian The Sunday immediately preceding young people about conditions among Labor Day has been set aside by the their people and their own future. churches as a special occasion for drawing attention to the spiritual and Arrangements have been made to human values involved in labor and publish an adventure story for Inter- industrial relations. The Social Servmediates entitled "Three Arrows" by ice Commission of the Federal Coun- Rev. E. Ryerson Young, of Canada, a cil has issued as usual a Labor Sunday missionary of long experience among Message which is requested to be read the Indians of western Canada. The from the pulpit on Labor Sunday, story is founded on fact, especially on September 6th. Many churches also the life work of Robert Rundle, and post a copy of the Message on the shows how the labors of the early church bulletin board or give out missionaries have helped to prepare c'Opies at the close of the service. The the Indians for the new day. A "unit" Message this year deals with economic course with suggestions for group security for the worker,s as a demand ,sessions and with background material of human brotherhood and stresses will be issued for leaders. the necessity of all forces in society now planning permanent preventives of unemployment, as well as meeting the problems of immediate relief. It

is a clear challenge to the churches to during the coming winter. Detailed take the leadership in promoting a suggestions may be had from the So- Christian 80cial order which will abol- cial Service Commission, but especial attention is called to the need of study ish unemployment.* in women's missionary societies, young people's groups and adult Bible classes Realizing that ,something more than of present social conditions, of the mere pronouncements are needed in principles upon which a Christian soorder to show the way toward this de- cial order should rest, and of suggestsired goal, the Social Service Commis- ed waya toward its accomplishment. sion, together with the Social Action Because of the comparative dearth of Department of the National Catholic available discussion material in this Welfare Conference, and the Social field, the carefully prepared "Discus- Justice Commission of the Central sion Outline on Unemployment,"t Conference of American Rabbis, held published by Association Press, will in Washington last winter a confer- be especially wei com e d by the ence on Permanent Preventives of Un- churches. This course includes sugemployment. The sixteen notable ad- gestions for practical projects in redresses delivered at the Conference by lief work by church groups as well as leading employers, economists, govern- supplying a discussion outline of the ment officials, labor leaders and church great economic problems involved in representatives are now available in building a Christian social order. It printed f'orm and supply a rich source includes also significant reference quoof information; Copies may be secured tations, source material and bibliogfrom the Social Service Commission raphies. Perhaps no one thing would at 50 cents apiece. do more toward promoting conscien- tious concern and intelligent, conatruc- The Social Service Commission re- tive action toward a Christian social quests also that special prayel'S be order than to have thousands of offered in the churches on Labor Sun- groups in our churches following this day for relief of economic distress and l!ourse of study and action during the for divine light and leading toward coming winter. It would constitute the building of a brotherly economic a most effective follow-up for Labor order in which there shall be such Sunday. economic security for the masses of men as shall promote the good life for REQUESTS all. Miss Helen M. Brickman, Director In many cities union services of the of Indian Work, Home Missions Counchurches are held–sometimes out- cil and Council of Women for Home doors in the public park-with special Missiona, returned from her recent speakers, an employer, a labor union trip to the Indian field with these releader, a minister, and perhaps a city quests. Perhaps you or your friends official. In any case, all ministers are may be able to help. requested to preach on the religious significance of labor and industrial The Friendship Club, composed of problems. Suggestions for sermon Indians living and working in Albumaterial and a bibliography have been querque, New Mexico, needs games prepared and may be had from the and music for an orchestra. They Social Service Commission. meet every other week, bringing their supper and spending the evening to- It Is particularly important that gether. There are usually about sixty Labor Sunday shall usher in a con- in attendance. tinuing program in the churches in social service and industrial relations *Additional copies of the Labor Sunday Mes- t'·UneIp.ployment. a Discussion Outline" presfige ean be obtained from the Commission on pared by Prof. Harrison Elliott. Prof. Erdman Harris, of Union Seminary, New York, Miss the Church and Social Service, Federal Coun- Nellie M. Day of Chicago, and James Myers cil of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 may be obtained from the Association Press, East 22nd Street, New York; price $1.00 per 347 Madison Avenue, New York. hundred, 4 cents per single copy.

At the government hospital at La- plies were carried by horses, mules, guna, New Mexico, both the doctor and oxen, which obtained their suband nurses pled for hymn books and sistence from the grass that grew not sacred records for a portable victrola. too plentifully along the route. Hav- ing passed beyond the limits of civili- Any of the above should be sent to zation, and having left churches and Mr. J. C. Ross, 324 Columbia Avenue, religious institutions behind, the re- Albuquerque, New Mexico. straints of the Sabbath were soon for- gotten by most, and all days were alike The children and young people at employed in a diligent march onward. one of the government hospitals near The company of which I was a mem- Riverside, California, asked for sto- ber, however, had halted for one or two ries and story papers. These may be Sabbaths. Stopping one Sunday near sent to Saboba Hospital, San Jacinto, where several routes converged, one of California. our company counted 197 teams that passed during the day. The idea of NOTICE losing our advanced position-for we had started early in the season-and The Department of Study of the Na- week by week getting farther and fartional Board of the Young Women's ther behind, was not relished. The Christian Associations is offering a best of the grass, if not all of it, would course on "The Social Awakening of be used up by those ahead of us. The the Churches, 1850-1930," under the absence of any religious services and leadership of Dr. Vida D. Scudder for other reasons were adduced against many years professor of English Lit- stopping, and those who were in favor erature at Wellesley College. of resting were in the minority. But after the day's rest, on resuming our This course is to be given once a journey next morning we were not a week for twelve weeks, beginning the little surprised at the rapid gait of our week of September 28th at the national teams as compared with those of other headquarters, 600 Lexington Avenue, companies. In two days we had over- New York, N. Y. The day will prob- taken and passed more teams than had ably be Tuesday or Wednesday and the passed us on Sunday; and all the week time suggested is either late afternoon through we added to the number. or a morning hour. There will be a When the next Sunday came around tuition fee of ten dollars. every voice was for resting all day, and so we continued to observe the Sab- Since it will probably be necessary bath all the way through. I afterward to limit registrations for the course, compared notes with other similar the Department of Study for Associa- trains that traveled every day, and tion Leadership will be glad to have found that not only were they weeks at an early date the names of those longer in performing the journey, but likely to attend with a ,statement as to that they had lost many of their cattle preference for a late afternoon or and horses in crossing the last desert, morning session. while the remainder were unsaleable when they arrived at the journey's end TEMPORAL VALUE OF SABBATH because in so poor a condition. Ours, on the other hand, all arrived in good OBSERVANCE condition and readily sold for a good price."-Bulletin, Woman's National Col. W. H. Paine, one of the engi- Sabbath Alliance. neers of the Brooklyn Bridge, gives this account: "Some years since, before a railroad was built or a stage line established across the plains, there was a large emigration to California over land. The necessary sup-

ORW-WIDf

JAPAN. CHOSEN opportunity to be taken? What it will mean to the whole Christian campaign, The P?ess and Religion in Japan especially in the country parts, to have the daily press carrying regular and ONE of the most significant features good Christian articles cannot be over- of the present religious situation estimated. in Japan is the growin~ publidty given by the press to religious news and ideas. The newspaper editor knows Peasant Gospel Schools in Ja.pan public opinion and would not provide such articles if he did not feel that WITHIN the last three years, peashis readers desired them. The Osaka ant Gaspel schools have become a Mainichi, the biggest paper in the definite part of the program of the country, has now a religious column Christian forces in Japan. They occuappearing two or three times a week. pyan important place in the 1931 plans It started this feature some years ago, of the Kingdom of God Movement. dropped it and re-started it in answer These schools are deemed so important to popular demand. The Y omiuri, an- that last April, the Kingdom of God other big daily, has a full-time reli- Movement conducted a conference for gious editor and two or three columns the enlisting and training of leaders of religious matter every day. Other for these schools. Those connected big papers frequently carry religious with such schools shared their ex- periences with others who contemplate articles. entering upon similar lines of rural In the provinces the situation is even evangelism.

more hopeful. One paper is paying The first peasant Gospel school in for material supplied, and is the pio- Japan was opened in Osaka as recently neer of what will be the usual proce- as 1926 by Dr. Kagawa and Rev. M. Sugiyama. It was inspired on the one dure in future, if the religious forces hand by the Danish folk high schools, and on the other by the dire needs of are prepared to take the opportunity rural Japan. It was conducted for thus offered. Christian writers get a one month, and the membership was generous share of space and have no limited to fifteen young farmers, who cause for complaint. came from as many different prefec- tures. The curriculum was divided The Japan Christian News Agency, into three general subjects: the hisa cooperative and interdenominational tory of civilization, rural sociology, body, is issuing two articles a week, and Bible. Its purpose was to train which are syndicated to about forty young men who would return to their papers. It is only limited financial home villages as leaders. This school resources which prevent an almost un- has been continued yearly under the limited expansion. With adequate leadership of Mr. Sugiyama and since backing there is no reason why it then several rural schools have sprung should not be possible to have a Chris- up.-A. R. Stone. tian news agency of equal status with other news agencies in the country, The Kingdom of God Campaign providing good up-to-date material to the secular press. Once such a goal is reached, the agency will be in a posi- tion to support itself and so make a THE emphasis in the movement this permanent contribution to the evan- year is put on the mobilization and gelization of Japan. Is this present training of the laity for active and ef- 698

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fective service. Laymen's Training ADlerican FilDl8 a Menace Conferences are conducted for different parts of the empire. One has been MANY modern films are a menace held in Tokyo for Eastern and North- to the moral life of Japan and the ern Japan and one at Nara for Central National Christian Council of Japan and Western Japan. A total of 1,500 has been asked to take steps to secure laymen and laywomen attended these a stricter censorship on the part of the two gatherings. A high spiritual note police department in Tokyo. The chief was struck in each session. Japanese censor on his own initiative stated that their greatest problem is In order to project the campaign with the films from America. He said. into the unreached rural area with its that many of these films are highly 30,000,000 farming folk and its 12,000 detrimental to the morals of the Japunoccupied villages, short term peas- anese people and he hoped that the ant Gospel schools will be held in every National Christian Council would take possible rural district. The purpose steps to secure the stoppage of the of these schools is to train picked coming of these undesirable American young men and women from the vil- films. lages for Christian leadership in their own respective areas. The Executive Committee of the Council voted to call the attention of A "Training Institute for Peasant the Federal Council of the Churches of School Leaders" was held in Tokyo, Christ in America to this situation and April 9th and 10th and about 100 Jap- ask them to take every step possible anese Christian workers, laymen and to prevent the continued influx of unmissionaries especially interested in desirable American films into Japan. rural work attended this institute and acquainted themselves with the pur- This action was not inspired pripose, program and technique of this marily by missionary influence. The means of bringing the impact of the committee which called on the police Gospel to bear upon Japan's rural life. censor was composed entirely of Jap- anese. This protest against the type Abolition in Japan of American film coming to Japan is a protest from both Christian and non- EIGHT more prefectures have passed Christian Japanese. bills abolishing licensed prostitution – Fukui, Fukushima, Saitama, Effects of Newspaper EvangelisDl Akita, Niigata, Nagano, Kanagawa and Okinawa. THE newspaper evangelism method, in operation for a number of years, To date abolition has not been put seems to bring incalculable results in into effect, with the exception of Sai- reaching the people. In Tokyo, where tama where the last licensed houses a C. M. S. missionary is cooperating were actually closed on the 27th of with Japanese workers in this plan of December last. Saitama thus becoytles campaign, over 10,000 inquiries about the second prefecture in the empire to Christianity were received during free itself from complicity in this busi- 1930. One of the most important Japness, the other being Gumma where anese newspapers has welcomed arabolition was effected 36 years ago. ticles, and as a result applications for further news have come from all parts For the first time in Japanese legal of the Japanese Empire. Requests behistory a verdict was given in the ing received come mainly from young Osaka District Court declaring it no men of average education. crime to repudiate the debts owing to the keeper of a house of prostitution. Medical EvangelisDl in Chosen If this decision is sustained it will be epoch-making and will spell doom for T HE evangelists in Pyengyang Unthe system by which girls are bought ion Christian Hospital, Korea, under the specious pretence of making preached last year to thousands of in- ~ J9an.-E. C. Hennigar.

dividuals. About 110 showed signs of 60,000; probably one half have heard true repentance and a desire to become the Gospel. Christians. A Lay Evangelist A man who lost his eye in a fight some two years ago, became a Chris- To THE little village of Sol-Chang-i tian during treatment at the hospital (Wonsan District), there came one and went home where he led his wife day a young man who had been a and mother to Christ. He forgave his teacher in Mukden, Manchuria, but enemy instead of going to law for who had been compelled to return to damages, and this made a sensation in Korea in search of health. He was an his town. He is now an active and earnest Christian so he began to hold respected Christian. church services and one by one the families in the village were led to at- Another man, who is now a strong tend them. Today there is only one minister in the Presbyterian Church, family left in the village which is not was suffering with a boil on the neck Christian. His attention was also which gave him considerable pain. He drawn to the children who were growgave vent to his feelings with no un- ing up without an education. He orcertain sound, whereupon the doctor ganized a little school and began to said: teach them. At first he received no remuneration for this work, but later "Would to God you had as much the parents of his pupils offered to pain over y~lUr sins!" give him his food in exchange for his labor on behalf of their children. An That remark led to the transforma- interesting story is told of this man, tion of his life and a fruitful Christian that among other things he taught his ministry. pupils a temperance song and that their custom was to parade through Among Chinese in Korea the village every evening, singing it. As a result of this practice the saloons FOR many years the Federal Council in the village received less and less of Protestant Evangelical Missions patronage, until finally they were all in Korea has aided in evangelistic compelled either to close or to move work among the thousands of Chinese elsewhere. living in this peninsula. The Chinese themselves have given a total of yen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC 3,639.94 to this work. There are six established centers, all occupying their Ne…. Philippine Field own buildings. These are in Seoul, Chemulpo, Wonsan, Pyengyang, Fusan APART of the Philippine field which and Hokuchin. New work is being the Presbyterian Board has handopened in Chunju, with a Chinese- ed Over to the Baptists consists of the speaking Korean giving half his time, Palawan Islands, declared to be the with still another beginning in Taiku. mQst needy and difficult field of the Philippines.. Dr. Thomas, of the Bap- In three of the stations there are tist Mission staff, after two months' day schools, where 83 boys and girls careful survey, reports at least 100,000 are taught the Bible, and a few have pagans who have never heard the Gosbeen baptized. The pupils all come pel. They have no written language, from heathen homes, and many are are pitifully poor, without any medical bringing their parents with them to care, but eager to receive friends who the services, will guide and help them. Dr. 'Thomas recommends that Filipino preachers A preaching tour extending to the be sent there at once, later an Amer- Manchurian border disclosed 14 pro- ican to supervise. He urges a farm fessing Christians, representing Pres- school rather than bringing the peobyterians, Baptists, Anglicans, Salva- ple from their mountain sections into tion Army, Marshal Feng's army, and one each from Wonsan and Fusan churches. The Chinese are scattered throughout Korea, and number about

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a town that is expensive and takes Celebes. Chinese are learning the them from their own environment. Malay language, and make excellent missionaries. The work has been greatly strengthened by the coming of a young Scotch- The Gospel for W orrora man, Alexander Sutherland, who has worked under the Baptist Mission of WHO are the Worrora? A tribe of Scotland in the Orkney and Hebrides aborigines inhabiting a corner of Islands. In addition to theological and Northwest Australia, numbering about Bible study, Mr. Sutherland has had 300 persons. All adult Australian training in tropical medicine, den- aboriginals speak several languages, tistry and house building, all of which their own and those of their neighbors will make him very useful in this new on either hand. Counting the neighfield. boring tribesmen who understand Worrora, there are perhaps one thou- Philippine Churches Unite sand aboriginals at present who speak this language. Worrora is a primitive, T HE Presbyterian, Congregational synthetic language, one where whole and United Brethren Churches in groups of thought are built up in long the Philippine Islands have united compound words, the despair of the under the name of the United Evan- translator. Rev. J. R. B. Love has gelical Church. The new church has translated the Gospel of Mark into a general assembly and conferences, this tongue. When it was completed, each with a moderator who acts as a and the story of the Crucifixion read traveling superintendent. There are in church, the eager interest of the elders and deacons in the local church- hearers was. a reward for the months es, with both offices open to women. of assiduous labor.

New Field in Dutch Indies NORTH AMERICA T HE little island of Bali has ac- Student Religion quired fame among scientists, because, with Asia ending at Bali and AQUESTIONNAIRE sent to 1,500 Australasia beginning at Lombok, an- ·students at Syracuse university other island only 15 miles beyond, the by two professors of psychology redifferences between these two islands veals the following facts: Eightare so amazing. Birds and quadrupeds twelfths of the 1,321 students replying found in these two islands, so close to hold unorthodox beliefs concerning the each other, are much more unlike than deity; three-twelfths are inclined to those of Britain and Japan. In this be liberal or agnostic; one-twelfth strangely fascinating island of Bali, tend toward atheism; only 24 students about the ·size of Corsica, there are are thoroughgoing atheists. In these about one miIHon people, mostly of the finding·s, the psychologists say, there Malay race, of whom about 150,000 is no evidence "that the effect of conare followers of a certain form of tinued study in college is to destroy Hinduism, and the remainder profess religious beliefs by supplanting them the faith of Islam. There are, how- with materialistic or mechanistic ever, some hundreds of thousands of views. The effect seems to be merely Chinese. Among these peoples no mis- one of liberalizing the individual sionary work whatsoever has been while he remains upon the side of done until recently, when the Dutch positive belief." It is interesting to Colonial Government consented to mis- note that nearly a fourth of 1,502 stusion work for the Chinese. So great dents rejected the miracles, one-half has been the achievement that the taking no definite stand, and one- Chinese converts now wish to have a fourth giving unqualified acceptance. foreign field of their own. Chinese Fifty-four per cent reply that some workers have accordingly been sent religious belief is necessary in order out to various centers on the island of

to lead a good life, while 28 per cent basic issues, and find something apsay only a code of ethics is needed. proaching unity of conviction, sub- sidiary questions of program and Congregationalists and Christians finance would take care of them-selves. -The Christian Century. Unite Forward Steps at the Christian En- THREE thousand leaders of the Congregational and Christian deavor's Golden Jubilee churches met at Seattle, Wash., June 25th-July 3d for a joint convention to T HE Golden Jubilee International ratify the union of the two denomina- Christian Endeavor Convention tions with a total of 1,050,000 commu- met in San Francisco, California, July nicants. After the ratification of the 11th-16th, with ten thousand young union and adoption of a new constitu- people present, broadly representative tion, officers we re elected to serve as a of the Christian youth and the three grand council for the purposes of man- million Christian Endeavorers of agement, this arrangement to continue North America. The new movements until 1935, when one directing head in Asia bulked large in the convention will be chosen. emphases. Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan was prevented from attending by ill- A Hopeful Methodist Conference ness. C. Y. Cheng, LL.D., moderator of the United Church of Christ in THE ten-day conference which the China, spoke on "The Changing Ori- Methodists have held at Delaware, ent," and said that China has "turned Ohio, is one of the hopeful recent de- the corner" in religion, and that the velopments in American Protestant- Church will again receive large enism. Confronted by the same problems listments. Edmund D. Lucas, D.D., of lessening interest and falling financ- Ph.D., president of Forman Christian es which confront most of the mis- College, Lahore, brought a stirring sion boards, the Methodist Foreign message of Christian progress in In- Missionary Society, instead of calling dia. World peace and interracial in the committee on ways and means, good will were stressed in addresses called in the committee on the state of by Colonel Raymond R'obins, Chicago; Christian thought. Instead of launch- Harry N. Holmes, field secretary of ing a campaign it set aside a period the World Alliance for International for -study. To take nearly three hun- Friendship Through the Churches; dred and fifty ministers, educators, Rev. Walter W. Van Kirk, New York, editors, laymen and women to a se- of the Federal Council of Churches of cluded spot for ten days of intensive Christ in America; Rev. A. E. Cory, discussion of underlying ideas and D.D., of the Disciples of Christ; and principles, without ten minutes being Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, secretary given to budgets, quotas or appeal of the Korean Christian Endeavor slogans, is a decisive break with the Union. promotional tradition which has ruled in the American denominations for A youth disarmament petition was years past. But it is a break long addressed to President Hoover, urging overdue, and of importance to all the him to use the new international law churches, now that it has been made. principle of the Peace Pact of Paris The Methodists brushed aside every- to cause our government "to take thing on the surface of their church leadership with a definite program for life to deal with underlying and ulti- the reduction of armaments." mate issues. They sought a ba-sis of faith rather than an outline of pro- The convention gave its heart to gram. Here, again, the conference the acceptance of Jesus Christ as perhad an importance more than denomi- sonal Saviour, to an enlarged program national, for if the forces of Protes- of evangelism and personal devotions, tantism would spend more time on to tithing and the -stewardship of abil- ity, and to the call upon some for full- time Christian service. The enlist-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of more than sixty for Christian Cruz on Sunday, June 20th. The new life work was received. enactment allows one priest to every 100,000 inhabitants, a total of eleven Leaven in Chicago priests to 1,100,000 population. A violation of the law carries a fine of THE largest Protestant church in $500. The Papal delegate to Mexico Chicago is said to be the North made protest to the President, but he Austin Lutheran Congregation, which made no response. In the meantime, a has 3,112 confirmed members and priest was killed from ambush in the 2,000 in its Sunday schools. It began town of Huatusco. At the funeral of eleven years ago with fifty-one mem- the priest a riot occurred in which bers. Rev. F. W. Otterbein, the pas- three officers of the law and two civiltor, explains this remarkable growth: ians were killed and many injured. The Governor of Vera 'Cruz states that There is no doubt that the personal he has received sympathetic letters work of the people out in the world is from governors of other provinces, responsible for the continued large who are considering the enactment of growth in membership. Our people and similar laws. workers are instructed not to ask others to "unite with the church," but to "come St. Luke'. Hospital, Pllerto Rico and worship," or, as Andrew used to put it, "come and see." When they attend '!'HE EpisC'opal Board reports that services tpe Holy Spirit begins to work. St. Luke's Hospital at Ponce, Puer- The yearly canvass provides the names to Rico, which was aU but destroyed in of all unchurched families in the district. the hurricane of 1928, has been re- These are placed on a mailing list and built and was opened on May 12, 1931. they receive church literature. For the The new building is of Spanish archipast five years the majority of the acces- tecture, and has a capacity of seventy sions have been "out of the world." beds. It was built and almost com- pletely equipped at a cost of about Boys' Prayer Meeting $145,000. A chapel is part of a sepa- rate building. St. Luke's is staffed FOR more than forty years a suc- by Puerto Rico doctors. The advisory cessful boys' prayer-meeting has board includes six professional and been held in Westminster Presbyterian business men of Ponce. The nurses' Church, Elizabeth, N. J. It was or- training school provides opportunity ganized in the '80's by Frederick K. for Puerto Rican girls from church Day, upon suggestion of the pastor, schools to enter a profession of great the Rev. John Gillespie, D.D., who de- usefulness to their own people. sired training and participation on the part of a large group of boys just Koreans in Cuba taken into church membership. This prayer-meeting has formed an impor- AGREAT community project at EI tant part in the Christian training of Fuerte, Cuba, has grown from a hundreds of boys, efficiently supple- little Sunday school started in a primenting the preaching of the pastor vate home by a graduate of La Proand the teaching of the Sunday schooL gresiva School at Cardenas. A day Seven members of the class have en- school was started, and a new building tered the ministry and scores have has recently been built. The day school become church officers. It has aligned will be used as a demonstration school growing boys to definite Christian for the normal department of Carstandards and aided greatly in solidi- denas. The church is joining with the fying their Christian characters, be- school in making this a center of comsides affording a training in the lead- munity service. This project was the ership of meeting·s, in the practice of means of discovering a family of public prayer and intensive study of Korean Christians who have been livthe Scriptures. ing in that section of Cuba for years. They have Bibles and hymn books in LATIN AMERICA Church Law in Mexico Causes Trouble 'fHE new law, governing the num- ber of priests which shall officiate in Mexico was put to the test in Vera

their own language, and have kept up be sent back to Chile. I had an uncomthe family altar. The parents speak fortable half hour trying to persuade the very poor ·Spanish, but they are now officials from putting into effect such a bringing their children to school and drastic and uncalled-for action. I asked Sunday school. them if they had ever read or seen the Bible, to which they replied, "No!" I The Indigenous Church offered them a copy and asked them to r.ead it, and see what kind of propaganda I was engaged in. They accepted the MANY problems arise in the forma- Bible and let me go. On my return I met tion of an indigenous church in the same officials. They approached me Peru. With them all is the consistent this time with quite a different attitude, aim to make the evangelical congrega- and remarked that they had been reading tion a constituent element of the com- the Bible with "mucho placer y promunity, and not a group apart. One vecho!'-much pleasure and profit.

-Alliance Weekly.

instance relates to burial in public Schools Close in Colombia cemeteries. Priests assumed the Catholic Church had sole rights; the evan- I N. SPI,!E of the financial depresgelicals refused the easier way of a SIon m Bogota, Colombia, the separate burial ground, thus marking American School for Boys has an enthem as a people apart; after a time rolment of 308 pupils. Rev. Walter S. Protestants were allowed burial in Lee, missionary of the Presbyterian public cemeteries and a precedent was Church at Bogota, writes that many established. schools have had to close because of insufficient funds to continue to oper- The school problem was another. ate, including government public Despite the fact that mission subsi- schools. dized schools would be superior educa- tionally and ethically to many schools EUROPE provided by the government, it was agreed that persecution and disabili- The Y. M. C. A. in Italy ties inflicted by fanatical Romanists upon children of Protestant parents THE general measure taken by the was preferable if, eventually, the chil- Italian police authorities with redren might be recognized as having gard to "all youth associations not ditheir equal right to education in the rectly dependent on the Fascist party" schools of the nation, without suffer- also affected at first some of the Y. M. ing religious coercion. The battle is C. A.'s, whose activities were suspendnot yet won, but it is being fought, ed. As soon, however, as the aims and not for motives of intolerance, but to character of our Movement were expreserve the principle which is at plained to the Ministry of the Interior stake, namely, the right ()f the con- and the local Prefects, this regulation verts to be Protestant Christians, was immediately revoked so far as without detriment to their rights as these Associations were concerned. Nationals. This is an additional proof of the es- teem and respect in which the Y. M. C. A.'s are held in Italy. In all coun- Bibles Called "Red" tries (except Russia) to which the Movement has spread it is considered THE Secretary of the British and as a constructive Christian force work- Foreign Bible Society for Chile ing for the moral and spiritual welfare and Bolivia had the f()Ilowing experi- of youth. ence: When the customs official was going Spezia Minion through my suit case, he threw on the floor English magazines, Bible Society MR. E. J. MADDOCK, deputation reports, and Bibles I had with me, and secretary in Great Britain for maintained that they were "Red" propa- the Spezia Mission for Italy, gives the ganda. I was told to prepare to get off testimony of an Italian pastor, unconat the next station…;..a frontier town-to nected with tbe Mission:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '705

"Tell the people of Britain that the ganizing congregations, editing their cause of Christ in Italy cannot do religious monthly, The Christian without the Spezia Mission for Italy. Union, distributing Bibles, Testaments While other people are doing good and tracts, attending to matters that work, there radiates powerfully from come up with the government, etc.

the Spezia Mission a singular sweet- The Union is practically the only ness and a fragrance of the Lord Protestant reading matter the leaders Jesus Christ which permeates the and members of the churches have.

spiritual life of the whole land." Unless funds are soon forthcoming The main work of the Spezia Mis- they will be forced to publish it only sion for Italy, whether it be in the once every two or three months. The meetings and services, the Bible Day movement has grown until there are Schools, the orphanage, or in a little over twenty organized churches, with meeting tucked away in some remote a combined membership of several corner ·of the Gulf or on the moun- thousand.

tains, is to lead boys and girls, and men and women to a saving knowledge Inconveniences in Bulgaria A of Christ. Attacks upon the Mission CRUDELY woven blanket weigh- ing forty pounds for a covering, have stirred many to see for them- selves, and real revival has followed. and a board laid on wooden horses for a bed, are considered minor details in A Visit to Poland Bulgarian villages where soggy black I N 1921, Rev. Jaroszewicz, a Pole bread, beans, and a few other vege- converted and educated in the tables form the diet of people. They United States, returned to his country spin their own clothing by hand and and began telling about Christ. His light their little oil lamps by holding a first convert was a fine, intelligent coal from the fire against the wicks woman who gave her home and its and blowing it into a flame to save sun;ounding land to the Union of matches. But these inconveniences Churches of Christ for an orphanage. mean nothing to the visiting mission- Mr. Jaroszewicz recently came to ary when he is able to preach in a America, seeking to enlist the aid of crowded room to attentive groups and Protestant churches, and following his number at timHS among his new fol- visit in Pittsburgh, Dr. R. N. Mont- lowers of the Way some of those who..

gomery of the Pittsburgh United Pres- prior to their reformation, were the, byterian Seminary, was appointed by village's worst citizens. "Now their- a group in that city to visit Poland, faces shine with faith and hope in and learn the facts of the movement. Christ," writes W. C. Oooper from He was most favorably impressed, and Philipoppolis, Bulgaria. Almost every'

found the leaders to be men of sterling family in one village has a Bible and character, zealous, but not fanatical, religion is the general topic of conver- making every sacrifice that the work sation in the coffee shops and reading might progress. The records and room. "It is a joy to work among routine were in sound condition. Pas- thHse people," Mr. Cooper adds, "one tors must earn their living, preaching forgets inconveniences when one sees on the side as they find time. people hungry for the message of The work now has its headquarters Christ."-Missionary Herald.

in Kobryn; eventually a building is to be erected in Brest-Litowsk, which World Conditions Reviewed I gives opportunity of reaching every N REVIEWING in detail the work of its missions in many lands the part of the country by the six railroads and six automobile roads which Presbyterian Board has this to say come into this city. In Kobryn, Dr. concerning the future: Montgomery found the leaders preach- The situation in Russia and the effect ing, visiting the different churches, or- of the ruthless anti-religious program of 5

the Soviet government again form the schools, medical schooJ.s, and colleges, outstanding feature of world news in the publishing and selling millions of field of religion. "Will Christianity defi- books and leaflets, establishing libranitely recede before atheism in the ries both permanent and itinerant, largest country on the European conti- putting on educational films in the nent? Will one-sixth of the civilized in- movies, and broadcasting instructional habitants of the globe go permanently talks from the giant radio statiun at pagan? Will the anti-religious impetus, Moscow. Last year ten million adults going East as well as West, engulf the were taught to read and write, most of first fruits of the harvest of Christianity them by volunteer leaders, urged on in China, Korea and Japan?" These are by Communist enthusiasts. Sixty per some of the questions which religious cent of the recruits for the Red Army leaders abroad are beginning to ask entered the barracks illiterate. Two themselves. or three years later they were ninety- five per cent literate. They are organ- The European churches are thoroughly izing study groups or "Red Corners" roused to the danger of the propaganda in every industrial establishment and that is sweeping over the Continent from classes and lectures in the "Workers Rusia, carried by radio, poster, pam- Clubs" and "Peasant Homes."-The phlet and motion picture to the most Churchman. remote village, and finding a ready hearing among the millions of unemployed AFRICA (Germany alone has 4,500,000 out of work now), many of whom have been Conference for African Children idle for a year or more, and are embittered against society and Church, as well THE International Conference for as against the state for their inability to African Children was held in Gecope with the world-wide depression. neva from June 22-25, 1931, with three hundred attending-including doctors, Russian Intolerance philanthropists, missi'Onaries, and rep- resentatives of various governments. ALL books and magazines are rigid- The International "Save the Children" ly censored, and the only news- Union organized this conference under papers are government controlled. missionary impetus. Three main ques- tions were dealt with: infantile mor- Most of the churches carryon services tality in Africa; education as it but the Soviet rulers seek to bring prepares children for life; and the about the eventual dissolution of the general conditions of child and youth church by turning the minds of the labor and the protection of child labor children away from God and the in Africa. church, and putting various handicaps upon the prosecution of active church Child labor in Africa presents an life. They have disestablished and acute problem in industrialized disdisendowed the church. They have tricts. The problem of infantile morclosed the seminaries. Religiuus in- tality is more serious and all reports struction of groups of three or more contain appalling figures; the percentchildren under eighteen years of age age is rarely less than twenty, while is prohibited. The priests cannot vote the most frequently recorded average and they receive no ration book to buy is between sixty and seventy. Such a food and clothing at the government situation can be met only by the joint stores. effort of all the colonial, native, educa- tional, and missi'Onary forces. Among No weekly activities, such as clubs innumerable causes-syphilis, tubercu- losis, children's epidemics, economical and classes, are permitted-nothing exploitation, native superstitions and customs were those most frequently but the carrying on of services of wor- discussed. This shows the necessity of ship.

The Communist government, des- potic though it be, is determined that everybody shall be educated (in every- thing except religion). They are build- ing schools, raising the salaries of teachers, giving free board and tuition to about half the students at technical

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

w'Ork in the field 'Of schaal and health th'Ority, either 'Of the missi'Onaries 'Or educati'On. even 'Of the G'Ospel."

The c'Onference decided t'O establish An A:frican Communion Service a center, under the directi'On 'Of the Internati'Onal "Save the Children" Un- OUR last c'Ommunion service (Sunian, in 'Order t'O carry 'On the inquiries day, May 24th) was the largest in and t'O c'Ollect d'Ocumentati'On 'On the the history 'Of the F()ulassi stati'On, ab'Ove and related questi'Ons. The In- West Africa. The Sunday before I ternati'Onal "Save the Children" Uni'On preached 'On Christ sending out the will be glad t'O send the res'Oluti'Ons seventy and I t'Old the pe'Ople that I v'Oted by this c'Onference t'O any'One ap- wanted seventy v'Olunteers t'O give a plying far them. wh'Ole week to pers'Onal w'Ork in the villages and t'O calling the unc'Onverted Revolt Against Authority in Africa f'Olk t'O come t'O the service. Over 'One hundred volunteered. I think that I N HIS rep'Ort 'On the missi'On fields they must have seen every man, w'Om- presented t'O the Paris S'Ociety 'Of an and child within a radius of 15 Evangelical Missi'Ons, M. E. Allegret miles of Foulassi. When such a gr.oup stated that the rev'Olt against auth'Or- .of c.onsecrated men and women went ity is 'One 'Of the seri'Ous problems 'Of f'Orth s.omething had t'O happen. I orthe day in Africa, as in other parts 'Of ganized 'Other groups, who were n'Ot the w'Orld. In 'Order t'O c'Ounteract it able to g'O, to hold little prayer-meetan attempt is being made t'O revive the ings each day t'O ask God's blessing on ancient religi'Ons 'Of the East. "Far the work that the 109 were d'Oing. the same reason," he said, "we are witnessing in Africa a revival 'Of the Last Sunday morning so many came 'Old paganism and same 'Of the really to church that there was no place to civilized people 'On the c'Oasts are re- put them and we had five 'Overflow turning t'O id'Olatr'Ous practices, t'O meetings. My wife had a meeting f'Or which they attempt t'O give s'Ome spir- 600 children in the girls' sch'Ool, Mrs. ituality by c'Ombining them with frag- Krug had a meeting at the dispenments 'Of Christianity. The rev'Olt sary, Mr. Krug held a large meeting against auth'Ority, the wave 'Of ma- at the boys' schaal f'Or the people wh'O terialism which is sweeping yaung and lived near Foulassi, for the people 'Old, men and w'Omen, 'On t'O the c'On- wanted to give the guests the good quest 'Of wealth and pleasure, the in- seats in the church. Our Foulassi crease 'Of alc'Oh'Olism and imm'Orality, evangelist held another meeting far the B'Olshevist pr'Opaganda for which F'Oulassi pe'Ople in the n'Ormal school the s'Oil is only to'O well prepared, the building and I held the service in the general unrest and unc'Onsci'Ous sad- church. There were 3,254 pe'Ople presness arising from the feeling that life ent, alm'Ost 1,000 mare than our larghas n'Ow no firm faun dation, the irra- est c'Ongregati'On in the past. When I ti'Onal and gr'Owing distrust 'Of the had finished preaching on the text white man, wh'O has last his 'Old pres- "Return unt'O me and I will return tige; all these fact'Ors …… are mak- unto Y'Ou," I called far all who wanted ing the missionaries' task far mare t'O return unt'O God to come f'Orward. difficult. The Christians themselves, One hundred and fifty pe'Ople came and especially those of the sec'Ond and third accepted Christ as their Savi'Our-41 generati'Ons, wh'O have not had to men, 51 w'Omen and 58 children. It struggle like their fathers to win and was a great day. Never bef'Ore have maintain their faith, s'Ometimes waver. I seen the Spirit 'Of G'Od w'Ork with Our missi'Onaries write that 'Our such power. Tw'O 'Of our new c'Onfeschurches are reaching the difficult age s'Ors are young men wh'O hold high where pe'Ople want to live their 'Own p'Ositi'Ons with the French administralives and d'O not easily accept any au- ti'On. The five strangest chiefs in this

section were present. That was un- but one said, uNo, Romans 8; for in usual as they neve}! come near the that chapter is recorded what God has church. None of them confessed but done for us in Christ, and we are aswe are praying that they will come sured that those monsters which have into His fold some day. slain their thousands cannot separate us from the love of God which is in The chief and government head-man Christ Jesus." who confessed at Nkumajap some time ago is an enthusiastic convert. He has Medical Work in Morocco released his women and is now showing others the Way.-Rev. Irvin W. SPECTACULAR success or impres- Underhill, Presbyterian Mission, West sive statistic,s rarely accrue to Africa. those who preach Christ in the North African territories once known as the Religions Training in Egypt Barbary States. Nevertheless, Dr. James Liley, son of the late A. V. THE general theme for a s:ries of Liley of the North Africa Mission, fourteen religious leadership con- feels that the soil is assuredly being ferences in Egypt this year was "Re- prepared for a plentiful harvest. Fez, ligious Education from a Theoretical ancient capital of Morocco, has a popand Practical Standpoint." Daily va- ulation of 120,000, more than twice cation Bible schools were also consid- that of Ta~gier, and possesses an anered. This movement is only two years cient Moslem university, where fully old in Egypt, but 59 schools were con- 1,000 young men are being educated ducted, a gain of 80% over the former in the tenets of Islam. In this strateyear. At least 2,360 students partici- gic center Dr. Liley, his wife and three pated, of whom 500 were Moslems. lady workers, find abundant scope for Every Sunday in Cairo more than 1,- medical missionary activities. That 500 boys and girls assemble in street the ministry of healing is breaking Sunday schools held in 26 localities. down prejudice, and opening doors for In Assiut, there are 1,800 in such Gospel testimony, is evident in many street Sunday schools and the total at- directions. Patients are now more tendance, including other cities, is ready to join in hymns at the services over 4,000. Bible lesson picture cards and to give heed to the Word. Dr. are a feature in each school. Many of Liley is often asked by the men to the children join the day schools. Of- attend the womenfolk in their houseten a street Sunday school is turned holds-a remarkable change of attiinto a day school and here the children tude as compared with former days receive a Christian education. Sheikh and French authorities allow full lib- Metry Dewairy is the field worker. erty for Scripture distribution and other forms of evangelistic work, ex- An Afriean'. Choice cept in certain military zones.

ANUMBER of evangelists were For "Starving America" gathered together studying the Scriptures. The missionary conduct- ,t N AFRICAN church has sent moning the class said: "SUpposing a robber came and threatened to take away ft ey to "starving America" ! Three all your goods, but gave you the option of choosing one article to keep. What dollars and seventy-seven cents has would you ask to have left?" All with- come to the Presbyterian Foreign out hestitation held up the New Tes- Board, from Batanga, Africa. It tament, saying, "This Book." The comes from a few native Chdstians missionary said, "But if the robber and is forwarded by Rev. Albert I: would not permit you to keep the whole Good, D.D., Presbyterian missionary of it, which portion would you pre- with the following letter: fer?" Most of them replied, "John 3": 4 m~nth or so ago there was a little art!cle In the Bulu n~ws s.heet, the Me/oe, tellIng of the hard tImes In America, and

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK'

indicating that there were actually peo- sionaries in China: 'The American ple in America who did not have enough priests are busy poisoning a nation to eat. This particular item caugh~ the which is in the process of regeneraattention of Pastor Eduma Musambl and tion. If America is sincere in her inhis son Musambi, who is an elder in the tention to help China, she must first church at Batanga, and they decided to recall her missionaries.' The same give something for the starving people in educationist also came to Turkey some America. They quietly told the church years ago …… and studied our edupeople about it, and entirely of their own cational system. When he returned to volition, a sum of money was gather.ed, America he passed the following judgwhich I enclose to you. I had nothIng ment on the activities of the missionwhatever to do with this matter except ariES in Turkey: 'The missionary to receive the money and transmit it. schools in Turkey are suspected of re- ligious propaganda; for this re:1scn A contribution of 16 cents was from they have lost their authority in all a widow who sold food to give it. the East and forgotten their educa- tional duty.' In no civilized country This is bread cast upon the water, are there religious schools. No civilreturning after many days. ized nation is willing to give its chil- dren to priests for education. But WESTERN ASIA imperialistic powers use these schools as tools for propaganda and conquest Turkey Getting in Step …… The most important duty of the new Turkey which is anxious for her 1'HE Turkish Government's interest independence is to stop the missionary in character training i,g seen in the activities which are the organs of imcourses introduced in the regular perialism. A secular government school curriculum on "Religion for the which has separated religion from Children of the RepUblic." These state cannot permit missionary and courses provide direct teaching religious schools. In Turkey no chance against cherished beliefs and customs, for existence must be given to misas, for example, magical or faith cure, sionaries." This is an evidence of the fortune telling, visiting graves to effect of godless education in America. make a wish, magic, lighting candles for the dead, the use of Arabic (which In Changing Peraia is not understood by the masses) in church services, and believing foolish GIRLS in the tenth-year sociology traditions. These "Religious Lessons" class at Iran Bethel School, conare really lessons in conduct, and are ducted by Presbyterian missionaries against things usually associated with in Teheran, have had a good many inreligion in that country. They advo- teresting experiences this year. They cate the use {If modern machinery, visited twelve government institutions, European science, cleanliness,' sanita- such as the government printing office, tion, scientific medicine, exercise; the the city insane asylum, an orphanage, acceptance of modern clothes, manner and finally, to crown the experiences, of eating, and civilization; the use of the head of the government airplane the vernacular and the separation of service invited the class to take a hop church and state. in his plane. These Persian girls a few years ago would hardly have been Turkey Anti-Missionary allowed outside the four walls of their homes. THE reactions against Christianity are still strong in Turkey. An INDIA, BURMA, SIAM article published under the title, "We Must Stop the Activities of the Mis- The Present Situa.tion in India. sionaries," in Son Posta, contains the following: "John Dewey, the educa- MR. RALLIA RAM, the late Mr. K. tional expert of America, studied for s'ome time the educational organiza- l T. Paul's successor on the Nation of China. When he returned to tional Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s of America …… he passed the following judgment on the activities of the mis-

India, Burma, and Ceylon, on his way large mission boards find their fito the Y. M. C. A. World Conferences nances reduced to such an extent that in the United States, made the follow- retrenchment on a large scale has been ing comments on the situation in In- forced upon them. dia: Making the Most of Life One of the most important tendencies in India is its rapprochement with SOME years ago Dr. Sam Higginother great nations of the East, more bottom received the following especially in matters of intellectual letter from Prof. N. A. Nitale: and cultural value. In February, there met at Lahore the first Pan-Asiatic "I am an assistant professor of bi- Congress vf Women, and an Asiatic ology in Wilson College, Bombay. The Teachers' Congress has just met for doctor has just told me that I am a the first time in India. This shows leper and must give up my work here that Orientals are becoming less in- at once. Will you receive me into terested in the West and more inter- your institution and let me do some ested in Asia itself. work for my suffering fellow men while I have yet strength 1"

The Nationalist wave passing over He was admitted and immediately India is not the first ()f its kind. set up a laboratory where he has Every ten years, it has been noticed, worked out several valuable tests. He there is a great renaissance of the has discovered that most lepers have spirit of liberty. What is new is that hcokworm, malaria or some form of for the first time this movement has intestinal trouble, all 'Of which must no religious coloring. The great ma- be eliminated before there is any hope jority vf Nationalist youth is hostile for cure. Not content with this great to religion. This is no reason why service he has organized a training Christians should not take an active school composed of young men and interest in the Nationalist movement. women who have been cured of A Christian Nationalist Party has leprosy. These young people are be- recently been formed. Its principles ing trained in laboratory work so that are as follows: "Indian Chri8tians they can go out and help in other in- must give their help to the national stitutions where they are sorely movement; they must take their full needed. In order that the training, share in the sufferings of the people; which requires about three years, may they must participate in the political be as thorough as possible, Professor life of their country; they must re- Nitale requires the study of English, nounce demands for special and legal mathematics, physiology, sanitation privileges for their community." and the elements of chemistry and bi- India's Latest Census ology, all of which he himself teaches.

FIRST information is now available At Miss Sorabji'. Grave regarding this year's census of India. The total population of this great "BESIDE her grave many lost all land is now 351,000,000, an increase fear of death as divider and of 32,000,000, or ten per cent in ten years. Judging by the preceding cen- conqueror," writes Miss Susie Sorabsus, the Christian population, includ- ji's sister from Poona. "Canon Butching Protestants and Catholics, proba- er of Bombay conducted the services which were attended mostly by non- christians. A wonderful thing hap- bly will show a thirty per cent in- pened. Naja, a lovely Parsee girl came crease, bringing its present total to forward and asked Canon Butcher to over six millions. Rejoicing is tem- announce that she wanted to be bappered by the fact that there are 30,- tized. It was a marvelous piece of 000,000 more to be evangelized now courage for her own Zoroastrian comthan there were ten years ago. Add to munity was there in greater numbers this the fact that nearly all of the than 'One wculd find them anywhere

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

else. The persecution has begun al- Siamese, form a Christian Literature ready. Her relatives and the high Committee, whose attention is devoted priest threaten her and alternately largely to translation. A prominent bribe her. The worst to face must be Siamese lady has revealed herself as that which I heard a relative shouting a poet of sufficient ability to compose at her: 'If you are baptized you will correct Siamese verse, and has pre- do a great wrong to one whom you pared some suitable adaptations of the profess to love. You say you love Miss Psalms for use in praise service.

Susie! You know how she loved her work, and St. Helena School. If you CHINA become a Christian, we'll wreck St. Mass Education Experiment Helena. We'll empty it. If you stay a Zoroastrian we will pack it so that REPORTS -of the ten year rural exit will have to be enlarged still more, periment, inaugurated by Y. C. a wonderful memorial to Miss Susie Jame-s Yen as a mass education movewhom we all love.' Again they urge ment show that the first year's enrol- 'at least be a Christian in secret, not ment in elementary schools is 14,210, openly, not baptized.' She needs our exceeding the quota set by the moveprayers."-A letter by Miss Cornelia ment by more than 4,000. Next year Sorabji. the goal is "no less than 30,000 young men and women." Economic education Si8.D1 Sends Musionar), has been progressing steadily and health education has begun. T HE Siamese are sending out their first missionary. Kru Seng Saa, An agricultural fair, similar to the his wife and children are going north- well-known county fair in the United east into Korat. Many of the people States, was held with a definite social there are primitive, frontier animists. and educational purpose. The morn- Very few are Buddhists. Kru Seng ings were devoted to demonstrations Saa is a Christian college graduate. and lectures, the afternoons to dra- He taught a short time in Pitsanu- matics. In cooperation with the Deloke, then took up city evangelistic partment of Agriculture, three farmwork in which he was engaged when ers' institutes were held at three this call came. He is a devoted worker centrally located villages, with sessions and a man of ente"prise. Since he of about two weeks. The total enrolbegan his work before there was a ment of the three institutes was over theological seminary, he received his 600. More than 500 stuck to their training by doing, with some study training until the end, and 451 reunder the missionary with whom he ceived certificates qualifying them to worked. His wife was for eight years be demonstration farmers. A travela nurse in the Chulalongkorn Hospital. ing clinic goes into selected villages They will be supported entirely by which have elementary schools and Siam churches. which are convenient centers for at least five or six villages. Vaccination and physical examinations are given.

Christia.n Council in Sia.nt Two health institutes have been held, AN INTERESTING development in with encouraging rEsults. Siam is the formation of a National Christian Council. American Equal Rights for Women A Presbyterian missionaries outnumber NEW law which gives to women rights equal to those enjoyed by tholle of other denominations, but Rev. C. R. Simmons of the Church of Eng- men has just been promUlgated in land Mission is chairman of the Coun- China, and works an amazing revolu- cil; and Rev. Clarence Norwood, head tion in Chinese family relations. The of St. Peter's School for Boys in Chinese woman is given absolute Bangkok, with one American and one equality before the law, not only in

marriage. but in all other' matters. The President of China is planning an Daughters are entitled to inherit their anti-lawless campaign in the provinces parents' estates equally with sons. of Hupeh and Kiangsi, has reorganized Under old law, Chinese women could the Central Military Academy, and not eVEn own property after they were himself ·spends four hours daily lecmarried. The new law of family re- turing and acquainting the students lations, now effective, makes no men- with the "brutal crimes" of Commution of the concubinage system, which nism and warning against its influhas been prevalent in China for cen- ence. These students, when trained, turies, and is still common in some will be sent to Communist areas to parts of the country. While the sys- spread "the gospel of Three People's tem is not specifically outlawed under Principles" in order to counteract the the new code, it is made unpopular; Red menace. for no provision is made for children of concubinEs to inherit. Christianity Gains in Quality Dr. Wang Chung-Hui, Chinese THE China Inland Mission baptized judge at the Court of International six hundred more converts last Justice at the Hague, worked out this year than the previous year. Chinese law in the new civil code, upon which leaders are measuring the serious rehe has spent more than a year. Legal sponsibilities of a:utonomy as a result Experts declare it a masterpiece, in- of the enforced absence of missioncorporating . the best principles of aries. Indigenous leadership in counmodern law and the best of ancient try mission hospitals is a striking Chinese customs, with little harm to success, and of one hundred and tweneither. ty graduates of Peking Medical Col- lege one half are in missionary service. Dr. Koo on China'. Chief Need Chiang Kai-shih, China's president, has built a church in his native town, DR. T. Z. KOO, of the National since' his baptism, and encourages Committee of the Y. M. C. A. in Christianity in every way. China, says that the chief need of China today, in order that its people Frightful persecution is another may again become creative, is not sci- side of the picture. Not long ago the entific or material development, but Reds took a town in the vicinity of contact with God. "When a people Hupeh. The Christians fled to the loses its contact with the vital person- church, hoping it might prove a refality of God, a God greater than any- uge. Before long, however, the Reds thing the human mind can conceive," entered and asked for the pastor. The Doctor Koo declares, "that people soon Chinese pastor at once stepped forbegins to lose its vision; and when a ward and said, "If you seek the pastor, people loses its vision its creative ca- I am he." They took him prisoner and pacitysteadily dies out." He says that he went to his death a few days later there was a time when the Chinese as triumphantly as any martyr in the were discoverers and pioneers in art, early church. In spite of unfavorable literature, philosophy, government and government regulations, the fury of science, but for the past thousand the Reds, threatening bandits, factionyears they have lived merely on their al wars, famine fever, and student past. propaganda, the church goes forward. A few years ago, Dr. Grenfell when Training Youth to Fight CommuniSl11 visiting China said: "You are to be congratulated. It is much more hope- BECAUSE of the activities of the ful where the church is persecuted Reds and bandits, the mission- than where, as in America, it is simaries of the American Methodist ply neglected." Board have been compelled to evacuate the northern part of Fukien Pr·ovince.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

MISCELLANEOUS waste of resources-with duplication and overlapping and such a misdirection of A Friend of Missionaries forces that valuable life and work have not counted to the. fun extent of their THE General Assembly of the Pres- possibilities, and huge areas are still byterian Church sent a message to untouched. Captain Robert Dollar; the famous shipping man, and a ruling elder, who 7. The Movement stands for New Tesis now eighty-seven and ill. He has tament principles of expansion, for widebeen remarkable in his businESS spread evangelism in order that groups achievements, and even more in his of believers may be gathered into churchreligious life. He was reported the es which, from the first, must be selfother day as still rising in the morn- governing, self-supporting, and selfing and conducting worship as he has propagating. done for over half a century, then returning to bed. He said recently: 8. The Movement stands for the truth that these Churches are under the care of the Holy Ghost and that they should be taught to depend upon Him for all their needs, spiritual and material.

"When I come to die, I hope I will have ClergYDlen Polled on War Question a hard day at the office, come home, read my Bible, then go to sleep and T HE sentiment of 53,000 clergymen wake up in the next world." May it on matters pertaining to war was sought by the World Tomorrow in a. be so i There are few of his kind left. questionnaire. Out of the 19,327 who responded, 12,076 believed that Amer- Here is another of his characteristic ica should go on record as refusing to sanction or support any future war. utterances, w:hich has worldly value: "Don't wait for your ships to come in. The questions and summarized an- swers follow: Just keep sending them out. They'll keep coming in all right as long as you Do you favor military training in send them out."

The World Dominion Movement our public high schools and civilian colleges or universities? Yes, 2,574.

HERE are eight of the twenty-one No, 16,018. principles set forth in a circular of Do you favor ,substantial reductions the WorId Dominion Movement. The in armaments even if the United head of the organization is Thomas States is compelled to take the initia- Cochrane, of England. tive and make a proportionately great- 1. The Movement stands for the evan- er reduction than other naUons are gelization of the world in this generation. willing to do7 Yes,15,449. No, 2,702.

2; The Movement stands for the final Do you believe that the policy of authority of t4e Scriptures and the Deity armed intervention in other lands by and atoning death of the Lord Jesus our government to protect the lives Christ, the world's only Saviour. and property of American citizens 3. The Movement stands for the obli- should be abandoned and protective gation which rests upon every Christian efforts con5ned to pacific means? Yes, to be a soul-winner and for impressing 12,017. No, 3,899. upon every soul won to Christ this paramount duty of winning others. Are you personally prepared to state 4. The Movement stands for the truth that it is your present purpose not to that its great objective can only be at- sanction any future war or participate tained if those associated with it are men as an armed combatant? Yes, 10,427. and women of power through prayer and No, 5,801. the indwelling of the Holy Ghost. Could you conscientiously serve as 5. The Movement stands for the com- an army chaplain on active duty in plete coordination of all that is being wartime? Yes, 8,700. No, 6,628. done at home and abroad to make Christ and His salvation known to every man, Do you rega.rd the 'distinction bewoman and child of this generation. tween "defensive" and "aggressive" war as sufficiently valid to justify 6. The Movement surveys the world, your sanctioning or participating in a country by country, so that it may find future war of defense? Yes, 8,316. out and direct attention to the regions No, 7,130.-The Churchman. of greatest need. It has thus created an Intelligence Department for lack of which there has in the past been a great

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Hinterlands of the Church. A study dents of America's religious problems. Noble character is the basis of usefulof areas with a low proposition of ness; knowledge of God and a right church members. Index by Elizabeth relation to Him is the basis of char- IRn.stHitouotekeorf 8vo. 314 pp. $1.75 net. acter; religious teaching and expres- Social and Religious Sur· sion are essentials to the knowledge of vey, New York. 1931. God. If America is to be strong and if Americans are to be Christians then There are religiously handicapped every man, woman and child should people and handicapped districts. Few have an opportunity to learn of God realize that only about one half of the and to worship Him. If this is to be population of the United States belong done the "Hinterlands" must be occuto any religious organization, Protes- pied for Christ. Miss Hooker shows tant or Catholic, Jewish, Hindu or the present need and suggests ways Confucian, Theosophist, C h r i s t ian for meeting that need. Science or Mormon. Many thousands live in communities where they have ThCeonRnUerlall. B1il7li1on.pagBeys. ChCalroleths, M$. 1.M00e;- no regular church privileges. Paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, New York. 1931. Three years ago the Institute of Social and Religious Research began to A comprehensive and illuminating presentation of the economic and reliinvestigate six kinds of territory in gious background of more than onethe United States where rural churches half of the world's population who live in towns, villages, and open country. are absent, closed or ineffective. In The necessity for the application of some counties less than 200/0 of the the Gospel message in terms of compopulation are church members; in munity service, economic advanceothers the percentage is over fifty. ment, more adequate educational and medical advantages under leadership Miss Hooker, who has a useful ar- which is trained specifically for this ticle in this issue of the REVIEW, and broader program of evangelism among who writes this report of the survey, rural folk is convincingly presented. has done a careful piece of work, ac- The author has drawn upon his own rich experience in the field of rural companying her interpretation with evangelism and upon the experience of twelve tables and twenty-eight charts missionaries in home and foreign lands and maps. Her studies include the six whose labors bear witness to the poskinds of territory investigated, with sibilities of Christianizing rural soseparate chapters on the old hilly ciety through patient, persistent, selfareas, level areas, grazing regions, denying devotion and faith such as mountain sections, cut-over districts were nobly exemplified in the life of and dry-farming regions. She then John Frederick Oberlin and of others reviews the church situation in these of the present generation. Numerous territories and describes the attempted illustrations of the transformations remedies; six appendices relate to wrought by their efforts are offered tests for measuring church effectiveness, s tat i s tic a I findings, rural churches of Vermont, and the "Indices of Changing Social Pattern."

Here is a valuable study-especially for pastors in the regions mentioned, for Home Mis-sion officials and for stu- 714

BOOKS WORTH READING

in proof 'Of the enduring value ·of their It is to be regretted that this survey does not appear in the printed volume, work. nor does the report contain a list of delegates present. The importance of In a forceful advocacy of the right the conference is evident at a time when within the Christian church itof the rural billion of the world to self there are those who question the right and the wisdom of any effort on enjoy the privileges and 'Opportunities the part of Christians to include Jews in a missionary program. accorded to those wh'O dwell in the The report consists of two parts: cities, the auth'Or has carefully avoided the first containing the address; tbe second the findings of the conference. the implicathm 'Of many treatises on The former include an opening ad- dress by Dr. John R. Mott, and a the subject of rural sociology, that strong statement on the "Validity of the Christian Approach to the Jews" rural folk are different and that rural by Rev. James M. Black of Edinburgh. Two of the longest addresses are by life is "a thing apart" from the rest experienced workers among Jews- Dr. John Stuart Conning of New York, of the world. He reminds us again and Rev. C. H. Gill of England. They deal with major problems and issues that the m'Odern world is a neighbor- and the present-day emphasis in the work of Evangelism. Two chapters hood "within speaking distance across are by the newly appointed General Secretary of the International Comthe fence" in which the good of one mittee on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Dr. Conrad Hoffman. He is the concern of all, and that "no deals with the "Methods of Christian Approach" and the "Possibilities of accident of birth, no given occupation, Closer Cooperation." Other speakers included Basil Mathews, Dr. Julius no circumstance of race or nation Richter, and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. Dr. Dougla·s Mackenzie of Hartford should bar any individual fr'Om enj'Oy- answered the question "What Is It in Our Christian Faith that We Desire ing the common wealth of the world to Share with Our Jewish Brethren?"

and sharing its opportunities for Within the Four Seas–A Shantung Idyl. By Paul Richard Abbott. 12mo. The abundant life." We must bec'Ome bet- Commercial Press, Limited, Shanghai, China. 1930. ter acquainted with our rural neigh- This is another novel by a China bors, with their problems and their missionary, who, though not born in that land, has evidently kept his eyes possibilities, not in a patr'Onizing spirit wide open during his score of years of service there. It is full of Chinese but for the sake of the contribution atmosphere and introduces the reader to many curious manners and customs which they may make in partner·ship of the 85% of China's population who live in her villages and seldom go with all who l'Ove Christ and follow beyond the market towns.

His teachings, t'O the building of His The author has perhaps overdrawn the transformation of his hero thr'Ough Kingdom. It provides valuable and in- teresting collateral material for lead- ers and members of study class groups, besides furnishing helpful information t'O many who are eager to know the facts concerning the missionary need and program. J. M. S.

Christians and Jews. A Report of the Conference on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Atlantic City, New Jer- sey-May 12-15, 1931, by the Interna- tional Committee on the Christian Ap- proach to the Jews, International Missionary Council. Rumford Press, Concord, New Hampshire. 155 pp.

The Atlantic City C'Onference on the Christian Approach to the Jews dealt primarily with America and was the counterpart of the Budapest-Warsaw Conferences held in 1927 which con- sidered the Jewish question in Eur'Ope.

In preparation for the conference an extensive survey of the Jews in America and Christian work among them was made by Charles H. Fahs, of the Missionary Research Library.

participation in the great war as a reveal the same great need that exists coolie in France, and his development in America today. Every pastor, and into the courtly "Sir Galahad" of a others interested in Christian work, charming little French girl, who as will read this life story with deep in- his happy wife works wonders in his terest and profit.

crude ancestral home; but he has written a very interesting story teem- Twice Born Chinese. By Charles E. Scott. ing with adventure, altogether whole- 12mo. 159 pp. $1.50. Revell. 1931.

some, and definitely missionary. Those Chinese who have been transformed who would become familiar with the by surrender to Christ are the best Chinese background for the study of evidences that the Christian Gospel is China's life, her culture and her need, adapted to the needs of China and the will find it in this story in more at- world. Dr. Scott, a missionary of the tractive and more readily assimilable Presbyterian Church for over twenty form than in the ordinary study book. years and the author of "China From C. H. F. Within," tells here some stories of men and women who were so trans- If I Be Lifted Up. By Samuel Shoemaker, formed by the power of Christ. A Jr. 12mo. Revell and Company, New medicine faker became a personal York. worker for Christ, and ten other Chi- nese struggled through trials to tri- This is a timely, clear, helpful, scrip- umphs. These are stirring pages from tural, spiritual interpretation of the the history of Christianity in China application of the dynamic without -graphically told in terms of indiwhich Christianity has no saving pow- vidual experiences. er and no distinct message. This book meets a real need in modern life, for its appeal is vital and its method effec- The Religion of Jesus. By Toyohiko Ka- gawa. 8mo. 127 pp. $1.25. John C. tive. J. Men. Winston Co., Philadelphia. 1931.

Uncle John Vassar. By Thomas E. Vas- Our readers are already familiar sar, Revised by H. N. Miller and E. with the remarkable character, history N. Hardy. 12mo. 190 pp. $1. Amer- and work of this famous Christian ican Tract Society, New York. 1931.

A life like that of John Vassar is leader in Japan. Dr. Robert E. Speer an inspiration to higher living and supplies an excellent biographical more devoted service. He was a man sketch of Mr. Kagawa, the apostle to of strong personality, unusual power the poor, who in spite of many great and high purpose. Born in 1813 in physical handicaps, has become a noted Poughkeepsie, New York, of the same author, lecturer, evangelist and social family that founded Vassar College, worker. At present Dr. Kagawa is in he enjoyed few educational advantages America, lecturing in a number of uniand worked in his uncle's brewery for versities and colleges.

some years. In his early life John was The major part of the book is a very profane, though his parents were translation (by Miss Helen Topping), godly people, but he. was converted of Dr. Kagawa's interpretation of the during revival meetings when he was "Religion of Jesus." He bases his 29 YEars of age. Later he left the knowledge on the New Testament and, brewery business as inconsistent with while at times he seems to differenti- his Christian profession and he became ate too much between God and Jesus, a colporteur of the American Tract he accepts Jesus as the divine revealer Society with a salary of one hundred of God and the Redeemer and Saviour and sixty dollars a year and traveling of Man. He accepts the religion of expenses. John Vassar was a remark- Jesus as a religion of love, of right- able personal worker with a passion eousness, of sacrifice, of service. Dr.

for souls. His experiences in city and Kagawa closes with the words: "In country, in the army and on the road, modern life on this earth, love is all

BOOKS WORTH READING

dried up like a dry desert. But we World Revolution and Religion. By Paul want to restore once more a world of Hutchinson. 200 pp. $2. Abingdon light, freedom and love, satinaled with Press, New York. 1931. the power of the grace and love of J esus, which is like the soft rain of This book reminds us of the definispring." tion given of a pessimist-the man who blows out his candle to see how "The Way of Jesus Is the Way of dark it is. No one can dispute the God, of the Cross, and of the Holy seri,ous and disturbing conditions that Spirit." face humanity today-the disturbing factors of political, social, racial, and India: Land of the Black Pagoda. By religious changes in every land. These Lowell Thomas. 350 pp. $4.00. Cen- are ably sketched and emphasized as indicative of the dissolution of the old tury, New York.

Lowell Thomas,· an experienced order. But according to the author traveller, an expert narrator, and the it is because of these upheavals that author of a dozen popular volumes, the outlook for organized religi'On is knows what to look for and how to dark. When he speaks of the racial describe what he sees. He went to revolution the Mission Boards and the India expecting to stay two months, missionaries come in for severe criti- and he fell so completely under the cism. He says: "Missions as a recipspell of the East that he remained two rocal activity in which the white years. He roamed "back and forth for humbly acknowledges that he has as a total distance of over 60,000 miles." much to receive as to give, seems to He does not go far beneath the sur- them 'obvious nonsense, and they will face nor attempt a discussion of prob- have none ·of it. All of which forces lems, but writes as a reporter of the the observation that it is very doubtimpressionist type. He has given us ful whether Christian missions can .one of the most readable books of survive the coming and inevitable end travel in recent years, word pictures of white world domination." of a land that impresses every visitor, In the chapter on religious revolu- as it did Mark Twain, "a land of tion the impression is given that even dreams and romance, of fabulous as Darwin dealt the death blow t'O the wealth and fabulous poverty, of splen- old argument for the existence of God dor and rags, of palaces and hovels, based on "design," so Einstein's "relaof famine and pestilence; mother of tivity" touches the realm of morals. history, grandmother of legend, and "In a relative world, what becomes of great-grandmother of tradition." In right and wrong? And what is good? this era of close relationships, no in- That, in its simplest form, is the stagtelligent man can be indifferent to a gering question which, from this day people who constitute one fifth of the forward, confronts religion." human race and whose problems and aspirations are affecting the whole There is scarcely any reference to world. This book gives the reader a the Bible, and distaste is expressed for clearer conception of India, but we the Apostles' Creed. The author fails regret that it does not give greater to see that thrones and empires have prominence to the constructive forces passed away, but the Church of Christ that are operating. Mr. Thomas makes stands. The Sixtieth Chapter of Isafew references to missionaries, but iah and the closing chapters of Revelawhat he does say is sympathetic, par- tion are more optimistic. ticularly regarding medical missionaries, whom he highly praises. The We cannot call this a helpful book. lack of an index is a defect that We do not agree that our present should be corrected in any further Christless civilization can be saved from extinction by a new humanism. "Nor the church that now is will not at all survive" (p. 197). The conclud- printing. A. J. B. ing paragraph holds out some hope

for a new kind of a church (not built Korea: The Old and the New. By Ellaon the old foundations nor with the old name: "It will not be a church sue Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell, of one continent, or one race, or one creed. It may not be called by any New York. 1931. . of the titles that we know; not even by that title which seems very sacred Kaleidoscopic changes are taking to us, Christian. But it will be composed of those seeking and courageous place in Korea as throughout the Far souls in all lands who, in response to mankind's deepest and immortal urge, East. The cla-sh of the new civilizago out to do battle with all that is false and inimical to human develop- tion with the old produces staggering ment and who likewise go out passionately to find God." results. In 1880 there were still sign- We need not go out to find God, nor posts along the highways with the go far. He finds us, in Jesus Christ, who is with His church all the days words; "If you meet a foreigner kill until the end of the age. S. M. Z. him' he who has friendly relations with a foreigner is a traitor to his country." Today the young men with their Western learning and civiliza- tion think in terms as remote and dif- ferent as is possible. There is an un- quenchable thirst for Western educa- tion. "Schools spring up over night; books pour out of the press. The last decade has witnessed a revolution India's Religion of Grace and Christianity greater than, and more far reaching Compared .and Contrasted. By Rudolf than, the French Revolution. Old Otto. Translated by Frank Hugh F?s- shackles have been broken. This is a ter, D.D. 143 pp. 68. Student ChrIS- tian Movement Press, London. new Korea today." The effect of all this is seen in the everyday life of Dr. Otto is known to most readers the people-in their dre,ss and espeof theological books as the author of cially in the greater freedom of wom- "The Idea of the Holy." His excep- anhood and a special interest in the tional knowledge of Sanskrit literature preservation of child life. Superstiand his acquaintance with contempo- tions are disappearing and the last rary religious life in India make this chapters speak of the influence of recent volume of especial value to stu- Christianity in producing, directing, dents in this field. We say that the and controlling these stupendous religion of Christ should not be judged changes. This is a fascinating picby the faulty practice of its present- ture of present-day Korea with the day adherents, but by the Gospel of background of the heritage of the past its Founder. Likewise in passing by one who is in charge of a social judgment upon Hinduism we should evangelistic center in the old capital. know the teaching of its earliest books. What Dr. Otto has to say of s. M. Z.

the sources from which he quotes does Tukaram: A Translation from Mahipati's not detract from the supremacy he accords our faith and withal gives us Bhaktalilamrita. (The Poet-Saints of a broader view of the striving of the Maharashtra Series.) Translated from the Marathi by Rev. Justin E. Abbott, D.D. xx-346 pp. $1.25. Obtainable Holy Spirit with the children of men from the Author, 120 Hobart Ave., and a happier belief in the innate Summit, N. J. 1930. reaching out of the human heart towards God and salvation by grace. If This fictitious story of an adventhe author finds much in common be- turer with his Hindu god, who through tween the two faiths he also finds more the path of Bkakti is supposed to have of contrast, and this contrast should reached highest bliss, gives some inbe recognized and emphasized in India. sight into the inner life of non-Chris- A full glossary of the Sanskrit terms tian mystics. Missionaries may find used adds to the value of the book. here an introduction to the beliefs of a powerful and influential religious J. c. cult in India, and all will see in this

BOOKS WORTH READING

story an example of devotion to God. dresses is good, but the second on com- Fact and fiction form an indivisible ing to terms with the moral universe, blend but the teachings here presented i. e., human society, is outstanding. Its are surprisingly near those of the picture of Christ, is magnificent, meet- Christian Gospel. "Thou art unique in ing with full approval the modern stu- Thy possession 'of a pitying heart" dents' demand for inner instead of (p. 215). "There is no end to hap- outer authority, for an expressive and piness, where there is mutual sy~pa­ not a repressive moral code, and for thy and love" (p. 230). "Wrong thlllk- simplicity and unity of moral obligaing is the root of sin, and it has led many into trouble" (p. 322). tion. It is a vision .of great beauty and power, a real contribution to pres- M. A. Q. D. ent-day ChrIstian thought. P. w. H.

By the Waters of Babylon. By Louis Wal- Life of Cardinal Newman. By Gaius Glenn lis. 8vo. 222 pp. $2. Macmillan. 1931. Atkins, D.D. 338 pp. $2.50. Harpers, New York. There are rich dramatic, as well as religious, values in the Old Testament Nearly a century ha,s passed since history, biography and prophecy. Human nature and human needs have Newman, then a young Oxford Don, not greatly changed except as men and women have come into closer fel- startled the religious world with the lowship with, God-the eternal, the righteous, the loving heavenly Father. first of the epoch making "Tracts for Many of these eternal values are clearly brought out in this novel of the Times." The ideas that he set in the times of Zedekiah, king of Judah. It was a time of moral laxity, and the motion have profoundly influenced worship of Baal; of the oppression of the poor by the rich and of fear of Christian thinking ever since. Protforeign invasion. Jeremiah was prophesying in Judah and Ezekiel in Baby- estants cannot accept Newman's ultra lon. Running through the storywhich is slow of movement but well High Church opinions, which took him told-is the rationalistic view that Jehovah of the Hebrews was a tribal into the Roman Catholic Church; but god unlike Merduk the god of Babylon,' and Amon-Ra of Egypt, chiefly in they reverence his purity of character, being represented as a lord of mercy and justice to the poor and needy. his high aspirations, his unwavering The collection of the Old Testament canon is here described as a work of devotion to Christ, the beauty and scribes who gathered the best of Hebrew literature-but without any con- power of hi,s writings, and the spiritscious leading of the Spirit of God. uality that enriched Christian liter- Coming to Terms with the Universe. Rev. McNeil Poteat. 12mo. 85 pp. The ature with the "Apologia" and the im- Association Press, New York. 1981. mortal hymn-"Lead, Kindly Light." This little book, made up of three addresses delivered to Southern stu- This extraordinary man could not have dents, glows with a great desire to guide them into a real faith in Christ. had a more discriminating biographer The sincerity of the presentation, and the clarity of the argument leave little than Dr. Atkins, professor of homito be desired. Each of the three ad- letics in Auburn Theological Seminary.

He has a genius for analyzing charac- ter and motives and rare skill in de- picting them. We concur in the opin- ion that this book is characterized by "spiritual insight, a sympathetic in- terpretive mind, and masterly literary style, and that it is safe to say that it will find a place beside the two or three great books inspired by the life of Newman since he died forty-one years ago." A. J. B.

The Daughter of Abd Salalll–The Story of a Peasant Woman of Palestine. By Florence Mary Fitch. 75 pp. Richard G. Badger, Boston.

Seven months spent in Palestine gave the writer opportunity to study the home life of the people. This story

of a woman of Bethlehem throws a and heroism runs through the narra- flood of light on village life among tive, the hero finally triumphing over Moslems, from birth to death. The countless dangers and difficulties.

story grips the reader and between the lines folklore and ,superstitions not Report of the World's Committee of the generally familiar are accurately re- Y. M. C. A/s. 300 pages. 4s. Geneva. 1931. vealed and the facts themselves are a The comprehensive report of the plea for missions. A woman speaks; World's Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s published for the 20th World's Con- "Yet we were only half-glad. The baby ference of Y. M. C. A.'s contains a vivid statement of the seventy-:five was a girl! But she was a beautiful years history of the oldest internation- al youth organization. There is also a baby, and she was mine! We called description of the modern tendencies (political, economic, educational, and her Rasmeya, which means 'first class.' religious) which affect youth, and an explanation of some of the "signs of She grew ·strong and Mohammed loved the times" which are particularly prominent among young people today. her and I forgot my disappointment. The third chapter give·s a survey of Before she was a year old, she was be- the activity of the World's Committee during the last five years-its reortrothed to A'hmud, son of Mousa, Mo- ganization, extension, and deepening, hammed's cousin. He was three years etc. The last part relates to the prob- lems with which a youth movement is old. Mousa gave her a present and confronted in attempting to formulate a message adequate for the present promised to give her something at time and regarding the attitude to be adopted towards moral, international, every festival to keep her for his son; the formal betrothal was to come when they grew older. But one cold winter morning little Rasmeya sickened and by afternoon she was dead. I washed her little body. We sewed a fresh gar- ment about her. Others dug the grave and we carried her out and buried her.

The women said, 'She was only a girl.' " s. M. Z.

Gods of Wealth and War. By James L. interracial, economic, and sport ques- Stewart. 8vo. 288 pp. $2. Revell, New York. 1931. tions. These issues are approached in a spirit of frankness and determina- Like Dr. Stewart's earlier novels tion. A statistical chart of informathis tale of adventure in modern China tion regarding the Y. M. C. A.

is melodramatic and full of hair- throughout the world closes this vol- breadth escapades. It describes vivid- ume.

ly the scourges that beset China Miracle Lives in China. By Rosalind and phy,sical, human and demoniacal. The Jonathan Goforth. 12mo. 157 pp.

most realistic are the scourges of $1.50. Harper and Brothers. 1931.

locusts and of bandits with the very Dr. and Mrs. Goforth have had un- vivid picture of the trial of innocent usually rich experience as missionaries men before a Chinese court presided in China for the past forty years.

over by a Chinese chief. Dr. Stewart They have passed through many trials describes dark and baneful supersti- and sufferings for Christ and have tions in contrast with the enlightened witnessed many evidences of His wonand helpful influence of Christ. The derful power to change Chinese lives. elements of probability do not seem to The stories of over twenty of these hamper the author but the story moves "Trophies of Grace" are heart stirring along rapidly with sustained interest narratives. The record of facts and to the end. Dr. Stewart knows China the Chinese atmosphere reveals the and the Chinese and his tale reveals difficulties that face Christians in the present-day conflict with commu- China and the power of God to overnism and banditry. A story of love come all 'Obstacles.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1929

STRAWS AND WHAT THEY

CHARLES T. RIGGS ARE MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN INDIA? R. C. DAS SEEING THE GOSPEL AT MIRAJ STANLEY A. HUNTER ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS C. STANLEY (;. MYLREA ATTACKING OUR RURAL PROBLEM CLARENCE A. SHAKE CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES II'" JXDL JUDSON T. PERKINS LILIAS TROTTER OF ALGIERS ISABELLE MAY MISSIONARY FINANCE METHODS Edited by MRS. F. I. JOHNSON VolulTle LII NUlTlber 4

'The art

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Me Cutcheon's ~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy-NINTH ST• .~ DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK lI"J U5JiJ1.O/t TRAINING ConsiderThese Points FOR THE CONCERNING CHRISTIAN ANNUITIES MINISTRY HARTFORD Theological Seminary- Safety interdenominational-is one of three Enlarged Income great schools on one campus with Prompt Payment over 40 professors and lecturers. Its Guaranteed Income world atmosphere broadens. Reli. No Reinvestments gious education and missions are part No Administrative Costs of theological training. Courses lead to B.D., S.T.M. and Ph.D. For /urth.r In/ormation Addr… : W. J. Elliott, Trea",ret 01 the Board 01 Home Ask for booklet Missions and Church Ex.ensioa 01 Ihe Methodist Rockwell Harmon Potter, D.D., Dean, Epiocopal Church, 1701 Arc h Streel,l'hiladelphia, Pa. Hartford, Connecticut Morri. W. Ehnel, Treasurn ollhe Board of HARTFORD FOIeill" Missions 01 the Me.hod .t Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Seminary Foundation W. Douglas Mackenzie. D.O•• President Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers~

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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, one of the mem- bers of the Board of Directors of the DIlLAVAN L. PIIlUON, B<Ufor REVIEW, has been elected president of the Council of Women for Home Missions, APRIL TABLE OF OONTENTS of which formerly she was treasurer. Mrs. Judd is very active in Christian Paye missionary circles where she is render- CHANGING THE TURKISH ALPHABET ing valuable service.

• • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • … Frontispiece * * …

1'URKISH STRAWS AND WHAT THEY MRS. JOSEPHINE McDANIEL STEARNS, SHOW ••…••••. CHARLES T. RIGGS 245 second vice-president of the United Christian Missionary Society, has re- ARE MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN IN- cently been called to become general sec- DIA? ••………….•.. R. C. DAS 249 retary of the newly created National Jommission of Protestant Church Women. SEEING THE GOSPEL AT MIRAJ ••••• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STANLEY A. HUNTER 253 '" + …

THE BIRTH OF A TIBETAN ORPHAN- DR. CHANG PO-LING, founder and presi- AGE ••..•••… DORRIS E. SHELTON 211S dent of Nankai University, Tientsin, ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS .. ,. China, is in America. ROADS …•. C. STANLEY G. MYLRRA 259 …

ATTACKING OUR RURAL PROBLEM DR. WM. R. MOODY, elder son of the • •.•……….. CLARENCE A. SHAKE 266 late Dwight L. Moody, the famous evan- CHRISTIAN 'INFLUENCES IN INDIA gelist and founder of the Northfield and • ••••••..•••••. JUDSON T. PERKINS 269 Mount Herman Schools and Bible In- AN INDIAN STUDENT'S VACATION … stitute, Chicago, has resigned as chair- • ••••••••••••••• D~VATAJ.A GABRIEL 272 man of the Board of Trustees of the LU,IAS TROTTER OF ALGIERS ….. . schools. Rev. Elliot Speer, son of Dr. • •••••••..•..•.•.••• ISABELLE 1.1. y 277 Robert E. Speer, is the president of the FOREIGN MISSION POINTERS …… 282 schools. ,. … … THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL AT MADRAS …….•.. K. T. P.wr, 284 EDWARD J. HIGGINS, recently Chief-of- staff of the Salvation Army, has been 'fOPICS OF 1'HE TIMES ………… 286 elected to succeed General Bramwell Booth, the son of the founder, who has METHODS FOR WORKERS . been in ill health for some time. The ••••• EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON 289 newly elected General states that re- forms will be instituted to end "one man WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL- control of the Anny"–especially in mat- LETIN ••••.•••••.••………… • •••• EDITED BY ELLA D. MACl.. AURIN 297 ters of finance. ,. … * WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN DR. THOMAS COCHRANE, Editor of The World Dominion, London, and founder ••. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 299 of the Union Medical College, Peking, is in America holding a series of confer- WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ………..• 303 ences on "World Evangelism." He may be addressed in care of Miss Constance BOOKS WORTH READING ……….. 318 . Brandon, 113 Fu..l. ton… Street, New York.

TERMS.-$2.~0 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of DR. F. B. MEYER of London, the falive.) Foreign postage, ~O cents. Single copies, mous British Baptist preacher now in 211 cents. Published monthly. Copyrlcbted, his 82d year is planning another visit 1928, by MISSIONARY RIIVIIlW PUBLISHING COM' to America this spring. PANY, INC. All rights. reserved. .. .. * THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INc. REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, Superin- ROBIIIIT E. SPIII"a, PreS/llml tendent of the Kroo Coast District, WILLIAM I. CHAMBIIRLAIN, Vlce-P,…..fll….' Liberia, expects to arrive in the U. S.

DIILA'VAN L. PIIIMON, Beere'aI'I/ on furlough in May. He hopes to com- WALTila MCDOUGALL, Treaaurer Publication omce, 3d " Rell7 St., Harrillburg, plete the fund for Hartzell Memorial Pa. 2~c a copy. '2.110 a ;rear. Editorial and B~~~~':::C~it~~6 Fifth .benue, Hospital. … … …

Entered a. second·cla.. matter at the POIIt REV. PAOLO BOSIO, pastor of the Baker om… HarTillburll', Pa., under Act of lIarell Memorial (Waldensian) Church in 3, 1878. Rome, is in this country as the special representative of Waldensian churches. Signor Bosio is one of the ablest preach- ers of the younger generation. rR51.5~be Aeross the World 01 Islam By SamueJ M. Zwemer, F. R. G. S.

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38 ILLUSTRATIONS $4.00 Agnes Rush Burr Mrs. Arthur Parker Nelghbol' India ChUdl'eD of the Light In India A picture of India as it really is—<lark Biographies of Noted Indian Christians.

shadows and high lights, women's degradation Fifteen stirring life stories of heroic Indian and also her new opportunity, children's woes men and women of the past hundred years and hopeful future. Illustrated, $2.00 who have seen the light of Christian faith.

Mildreth Worth Pinkham Arthur J. Brown Illustrated, $2.00 A Bungalow ill india .Japall ill the World of To-day Glimpses of "two-sided" India presented in Dr. Sidney L. Gulick says: "A work which no one can ignore who wishes to know and fictional form bringing the reader close to the understand Japan as she is to-day."

very soul of the land of the Himalayas and Illustrated, $3.75 Ganges. – Illustrated, $2.00 FIeml.ng H . R eve11 Company, PUhI1'Sh ers 158 Fifth Avenue, New York 851 Ca•• Street, : Chicago fA&ea; R~iii:~s 'Jo~r:al [ Christian Interpretation of Current Events Progress of Christian Thought and Service Life Stories of Inspiring Personalities The Best New Books in Review Religious Education in Practice What Congregationalists Are Doing Added -The American Missionary Number (~Ilustrated) once a month Rates: Per year (52 issues) $3.00; $2.75 to Ministers and in Church Clubs of five or more Q[he ([gngregationalist -14 Beacon Street 19 South LaSalle Street L Boston, Mass. Chicago, III.

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National Geographio Magazine. CHANGING 'I'HE NATION'S ALPHABET IN TURKEY Constantinople siLol)s displuying numes In bot.h the Arabic script und in the new Lntin letters. This shop docs n thriving bl1sine8~ in the snle of new alphabets and primers.

LII, No.4 April,1929

TURKISH STRAWS BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Constantinople, Turkey W HICH way does the wind with sunset as the twel,fth hour, or blow in Turkey today? twelve o'clock. But in place of the Much is heard about the watches of the night, they reckoned change of alphabet; but this is hours again; so that an hour after really one phase alone of a wider sunset was one o'clock; midnight and deeper movement, which was approximately six o'clock, and should be studied as a whole. For so on. The fixed point, instead of in this land, where but a short time being noon, was sunset. Summer ago everything was reputed to be and winter, the minute when the as it was in the days of Abraham, sun went below the horizon was nowadays one has to get up before twelve o'clock. Your watch might daybreak to follow the progress. go wrong, and seem to indicate These steps began before the that the sun went to bed earlier in winter than in summer; but great war. Some have been grad- that was the frailty of human inual, like the loss of picturesqueness ventions; God's clock never made in costumes and headgear aU through the country. European a mistake. Today the only relic of dress had hardly made an impres- this system is seen in clocks in sion in the days of our grandfath- mosques, which keep the old time; ers; but there is pitifully little left but the five daily prayers of the today of the baggy trousers and Moslem are not regulated by that.

the flowing robes and the bright Still more drastic was the colors of former days. Even the change in time reckoning which women tend to wear black, almost came with January 1, 1926, when to the exclusion of other hues; and the numbering of the years was the men's clothing is practically all changed to make the calendar union European models. form with Europe. Instead of A more sudden and un-Turkish 1342, the date was officially an- change was made a quarter cen- nounced as 1926. Previous to that, tury ago, when the business houses the Turks had used two different of Constantinople began to use dates: a religious year, of lunar European time. The old Turkish months, dating from the flight of method of reckoning hours was Mohammed from Mecca to Medina based on that of Biblical times- in the year 622 A. D., which be- the twelve hours in the day, ending came the year One for the Mos- 245

lems; and a civil year, introduced With the removal of the Caliph, in the time of Mahmoud the Re- and the assertion that the religious former, which was a solar year, must no longer dominate the civil and began March 1st. By this curi- power, there followed logically the ous reckoning it was 1341 in our closing of all the medtresses, or year 1925. This anomalous civil theological schools, as centers of calendar was given up, and all sedition and reaction; then the dates except those exclusively re- abolition of the dervish system, ligious are now put on the Euro- with the secularizing of all the pean system. These Moslem Turks tekyes, or establishments of the have even made the concession of Dervish orders. No longer can the calling it, not indeed the Year of curious tourist attend the weird our Lord, but the "Year of the ceremonies of the howling and the Birth,"-meaning the birth of the whirling dervishes. They do not Prophet Jesus. They differ from exist any longer in the country.

us in dates only in that they write No longer does one see the mendi- and read 928 instead of 1928. cant dervish with his motley col- The Revolutionized Government lection of bowls, battle axes, and outlandish garments; he has gone The series of reforms that have to other and more hospitable come since the great war has com- climes. Even the gentler and more pletely revolutionized the govern- broadminded Bektashi dervish,- ment of Turkey. To be sure, brother of the Shriners of Ameri- constitutional forms and a parlia- ca,-has been forbidden to hold ment came into being in 1908, aft- property or to gather for religious er the absolutism of Abdul Hamid; rites. Closely connected with this but with the complete defeat of movement was the sealing up of the Union and Progress leaders in the turbes, or tombs of Mohamme- the war, and the subsequent assas- dan worthies, to prevent their use sination of all three leaders of that as centers of superstitious venera- party,-Enver, Talaat, and Djemal tion. Furthermore, the public has Pashas,-the idea of breaking been forbidden to go to the graves away also from the system of Sul- of supposably holy men of old time, tans grew in popularity. Finally to pray and to tie the accustomed came the proclamation of the Re- rag to a neighboring tree or bush, public under Mustafa Kemal as so as to remind the spirit of the President, and a little later the saint that that prayer should be abolition of the Caliphate, which answered! All such superstitions had been allowed to remain in the are unbecoming' a modern and Osman dynasty even after the civil progressive nation, they are told.

power had been taken away. This The mosque, or the home, is the was accomplished by the expulsion place to pray; and even the tomb ot the whole former imperial fam- of Mohammed I, in Brousa, is close- ily, none of whom are now allowed ly locked and invisible to tourists to live in the country. Remember- or citizens.

ing the fact that this dynasty had Then came the order to wear been continuously in power since hats, and to throwaway the fez.

the Turks became a nation, one can Only two or three years previous see the sweeping nature of the to that, when the Turkish troops change. again occupied Constantinople aft-

TURKISH STRAWS

er the Inter-allied troops cleared white turban, indicating their reout, all Turkish citizens who had ligious character. dared wear hats during that anomalous time, either burned or threw Immediately preceding the alaway the hated foreign head gear, phabetic change, was another of to blossom out as loyal Turkish similar character-the adoption of citizens with the fez. But now, of the European numerals in place a sudden all this was changed; and of the set of numerals which the the wearing of a fez became the Turks, Arabs, Persians, and pracsign of disloyalty, while the trade ticallyall Mohammedans have been in hats and caps became most lu- using. This in itself seems but a crative. When certain persons in slight thing; yet it has great sig- nificance in being another effort Copyright, National Geographio Society) repttbLished by spe&iaZ permi8sion from the National Gcog1'aphio Magazine.

MODERNIZING TURKEY- OUTSIDE A CINEMA THEATER The transition period is shown by the posters printed in Arabic script aJld in "New Turkish," as well as in French. ~'he Alhamra flashes on its screen every week a humorous story In the New Turkish alphabet.

Marash insisted that they had a to break away from all that ties right to wear a fez if they liked, up the Turk to the companionship and were arrested, and tried, and of Oriental nations, and link up executed as traitors, it made a deep with Europe. All official documents impression; and today it is the today use the European figures; rarest thing in the country to find and in a short time, the use of the a fez anywhere. Even the imams, old Moslem numerals will be foror religious leaders in the mosques, bidden entirely. Yet in 1923, all who were allowed, one for each European numerals were removed mosque, to retain fezes, have found from automobile and carriage liit impossible to renew their stock cense tags, from street doors, from from any shop in the bazaars, and the smokestacks of the Bosphorus have had to take to a fez of a dif- and Golden Horn steamers, and ferent color and style. These all other public places, as being un- "priests" still have to wear a heavy patriotic!

Now comes the greatest change the Constantinople Deputies, not of all-the adoption of a new al- for any religious motive whatever, phabet. The Turkish language is but because of the difficulties banks still used but the Arabic alphabet, have in trying to do business with till now employed in its writing, the European banking system, has proven inadequate. Its vowels when Europe's banks are closed on are scarce, and do not well repre- Sundays and open on Fridays. The sent the Turkish sounds. There compulsory Friday holiday, intro- has always been perplexing diffi- duced since 1923, is not really a culty in writing foreign names in religious measure at all; for Islam that system, for one must know knows no day of rest, such as is the pronunciation of a word before indicated in the J udrea-Christian he can read it, as the same com- system, but merely a cessation of bination of letters may mean sever- other occupations at the noon hour al different sounds. Perhaps the on a Friday so as to facilitate faith- most serious matter has been the ful attendance at the mosque de- impossibility of using the Arabic votions on the "day of assembly,"

letters in medical prescriptions. -which is the meaning of the Mos- All doctors. and pharmacists had lem name for that day-Jum'a.

to use the Latin symbols; and it So we may shortly have the seem- was confusing. ing anomaly of a Mohammedan The adoption and mastery of the government compelling Christian Latin alphabet, as modified for the and Moslem alike to close up their Turkish language, will make the shops all day Sunday.

acquisition of other European lan- Which way does the wind blow guages far easier for the Turk. in Turkey today? There are other Just now, it is easier for a for- and subtler signs of a great, deep, eigner to learn the new Turkish pervading spiritual dissatisfaction, alphabet than for the Turks them- and a looking around for some- selves; and when the latter has thing better. For the Turkish once familiarized himself with his heart is profoundly religious by new system, he can quickly pick up nature, and will not be content other languages having the same with merely throwing away what letters. His mind now turns more is outgrown; it must have satis- and more naturally westward for faction. And many of their think- leadership; and this step has made ers are now studying the various this trend more promising than religious systems of the world, and ever. especially of Europe, to see what Other reforms are in the air. they can recommend to their coun- The new session of the Grand Na- trymen. It is significant that many tional Assembly began November have already pointed out the su- 1st; and we are assured that at periority of the Protestant form an early date the proposition to of Christianity over other forms; change the weekly day of compul- but we must hope they will not be sory rest from Friday to Sunday satisfied with any cut-and-dried will be introduced in the form of system, but will work out for them- a bill. Furthermore, we have the selves what will best suit their own assurance that this measure has genius, providing its center and already in advance the approval of core is the only Saviour of the the Cabinet. It is being pushed by world.

MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN INDIA?

BY R. C. DAS, M.A., Kurigram, Bengal A Convert from Hinduism and for three YOMS Professor in the Agra and Calclltta CoZiegeB, Intlia FOR many years the western same offence. Miss Mayo's "Moth- countries saw India 0 n 1y er India," while one-sided, truly through the eyes of mission- represents most of India. Politaries, retired government officials, ically sensitive, India naturally retourists and business men from sents anything that tends to lower Europe and America. A few In- her in the estimation of the world. dian holiday seekers or Indian While we deprecate the tone of Rajas and Nawabs (princes) very Miss Mayo's book we cannot shut occasionally visited the West but our eyes to the facts enumerated more recently Indian students, both therein. Many Hindu sects, social C h r i s t ian and non-Christian, and religious reformers have thempreachers of Islam and Hinduism selves denounced Hindus and have -Sannvasis and Maulvies-have condemned Hinduism in stronger traveled in a much larger number and more defamatory language and some of them have been earn- than that of Miss Mayo. The muest defenders of Indian reli~don tual warfare-verbal and someand civilization. Naturally the times actual-between Saktas and people of the western countries- Vaishnavas has been notorious. No particularly the less educated and language has been too insulting or those of the younger generation- provocative to be used by these have listened with greater curios- sects in their mutual recriminaity and credulity to these Hindus tions. Hindus and Moslems are and Moslems rather than to mis- today indulging in the same passionaries and other westerners who time of villipication of one anothare often considered prejudiced er's social customs and religious from religious and political mo- practical propaganda of the Arya tives. These uninformed listeners Somaj-a very virile body-is a do not realize that missionaries poignant tirade against modern have been pioneers in oriental Hinduism. The book called "Satscholarship-that they have come zartha Prokas," written by Swani to India from spiritual and philan- Dayananda Swaraswali, founder thropic motives. No one can esti- of the Arya Somaj, is a virulent mate what men like William Carey attack on an religions including and Alexander Duff have done for Hinduism, Mohammedism and India. They were not merely prop- Buddhism. The Birahmo Somaj agandists from the West. critcisms of Hindu social customs and religion, though intelligent and India is too vast to admit of gen- reasonable, are very sweeping and eralizations. She is a continent painful. containing many nations, races, religions and civilizations. It is easy It is not fair to condemn the mis- sionaries for criticizing Indian life under the circumstances to exag- and customs. If they are to follow gerate things or make misstate- truth and to establish righteous- ness in the world they must point ments. Indian speakers and writers are sometimes guilty of the 249

out the evil as well as the good. world is the field wherein the seed Of course they should be above of God's truth must be sown and racial hauteur and must not re- the Gospel of Christ must be pro- gard their own country or civiliza- claimed.

tion as necessarily superior. That 1. Depressed Classes. As long is not the Christ-way. Our Lord as the sixty millions of men and vehemently can d e m ned many women are treated as slaves – as things in the social and religious subhuman dregs, worse than dogs life of his own people without be- and cats – the responsibiJity of ing prejudiced and with a heart of western Christians will remain in- love and concern. We must closely sistent. These men are depressed follow in His footsteps. and downtrodden on account of re- On the Defensive ligious ideas and philosophical con- ceptions, by social customs and Wounded by modern criticisms tradition coming from time im- and face to face with the living memorial. An effort is being made forces of Christianity, Islam and in political circles to reduce the Hinduism are now on the defensive number of oppressed classes merely and aggressive as well. Both these by no longer designating them as religions are passing through a "depressed" in Government Census Renaissance bringing out their reports. This will not change the original beauty and vitality. For actual social conditions. In order the missionary or the Indian Chris- to deceive the Government and the tian there is absolutely nothing to missionaries some Hindus have fear in these fresh developments. taken to social reform work either New wine is being poured into old on public lecturing platforms or bottles which are sure to crack. among the people. Their work is The breaking has already begun. advertised out of all proportion to Many self-designated Hindu and actual cases. Nationalists want Islamic preachers, students and the number of Hindus to remain others are now visiting western intact because, with the diminish- countries who are no more true ing numbers, their political in- representatives of real Mother fluence will also be reduced. Spir- India than are the missionaries or itual, philanthropic or humane orientalists. They are guilty of motive is absent. The reform work more objectionable exaggeration does not touch even the fringe of and misrepresentation than the the problem. Nor does it essen- Westerners. They defame mission- tially change the social status of aries and missions and paint the "depressed classes." They still everything Indian in glowing remain untouchable and even unap- colors. proachable in some areas. If Christian missions and mission- British and American influence aries with sympathetic hearts and were withdrawn the Hindu philos- strong convictions, are greatly ophy of life and social institutions needed in India and will be needed would reign supreme.

as long as the following conditions 2. Caste is the greatest Hindu remain. Even when these condi- institution. Their sacred books tions will disappear, men will still and customs support it. Philoso- need the saving grace and power phy sustains its growth and rami- of the Cross of Christ. The whole fications. The greatest efforts to

ARE MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN INDIA?

crush it by men like Kavir, Nanak sponsible for most of the evils and and Chaitanya and by movements grievances. In ancient times their like the Arya Somaj and Brahmo fate was better. But while women Somaj of modern times have all are required to have only one husmiserably failed. The mingling of band both in life and death, men cultured folks and statesmen in have absolute freedom. In law the public places like restaurants, rail- status of women is inferior. Most way trains and tea shops cannot women are physical wrecks from destroy caste. The system is en- being confined in Purdah. Prostitrenched strongly in the villages. tution, both commercialized (legal) The man who freely eats with a and clandestine is extensive. Wom- Christian or Musalman cannot so en are woefully ignorant and " CRAWLING PILGRIMS"-DO TIlEY NEED CIIRIS'l"S WAY OF LIIl'E 1 eat on a social occasion of the superstitious. There are bright Hindu caste to which he belongs. sides to their life, but unless guided In like manner a few intercaste or by Christian example Hindu men intersectarian marriages backed by will not do much to ameliorate the British legislation cannot remove condition of women. Hindu men caste restrictions on marriages. are conservative and reactionary Hinduism has throughout the cen- in their ideas regarding womanturies acted like a piece of rubber hood. that can be twisted or expanded in any way you like but as soon as 4. Idolatry is based on Hindu outward pressure is withdrawn it philosophy and is regarded indisresumes its own size and shape. pensable for ignorant masses. Re- cent years have seen a renaissance 3. Women. The general condi- of Hindu idolatry. Many members tion of women is deplorable. The of the Brahmo sect are falling back double standard of morality is re- into popular Hinduism, since they

have neither one holy scripture nor have arisen between these religious one religious guide. Christ alone zealots over idolatrous performcan satisfy the deep human hunger ances in educational institutions. that has given rise to idolatry in There is no true liberty of conevery age and clime. Popular science anywhere in India. If they Islam is also heavily animistic and had the power, Hindus would idolatrous. violently stop all conversions to Islam or Christianity. A convert 5. Indian Religious Intolerance. is instantaneously cast out as an Hindus and Moslems are quarrel- unclean thing. The Hindus also ling, fighting and shedding blood have begun shuddhi-reconversion over religion and politics. Reli- -yet they are intolerant. After gious music of Hindus is abomina- rioting and bloodshed in several tion in the Moslem ear, particularly places in recent years both the Hindus and Mohammedans have when heard during prayers in wanted Christian magistrates bemosques. Cowkilling as sacrifice cause they have confidence in their by devout Moslems is shocking to impartiality and justice. How can the Hindu and is a blow at their India so burning with communal religion. The Hindu is a Ka/ir to hatred and religious intolerance the Moslem while the Moslem is a progress without Christ and the Yaban to the Hindu. Each hates help of His followers? the other with all his heart. The Mohammedan, though educated, 6. Rei i g i 0 u s Contradictions. religious, and once mighty em- Hinduism is full of illogical conperor of India, is untouchable. tradictions and inconsistencies. A The Moslem evildoer indiscrim- theist, an idolater, a pantheist, an inately kidnaps and outrages atheist, a good man, an immoral Hindu girls. Recently quarrels man-all of these are found in true Hinduism. It is the name that unites them. There is no one standard either of morality or re- ligious truth. There is no one su- preme and final :religious book or one final incarnation or teacher. A man may follow anybody, anything or nothing and still remain a Hindu. And yet some few western women profess conversion to Hinduism! Who does not feel the need of the dynamic personality of Jesus Christ and the unifying power of the Bible?

All men need moral and spiritual regeneration-a new birth, forgive- ness of sin and power to resist sin. Jesus Christ deserves supremacy and the allegiance of Indian man- kind.

THE GOSPEL AT

STANLEY ARMSTRONG HUNTER, D.D., Berkeley, California SEVERAL years ago one of the said. He looked very pale and hag- well-known Maharajahs of In- gard from the loss of blood. Know- dia was injured in the jungle ing that native princes and their while engaged in his favorite sport retinues always go together, the of pig sticking. Wild boars are missionary made a hasty survey pursued by hunters on fleet ponies, in his mind of the possibilities of and when overtaken are speared entertaining the whole party of with long lances. In this instance the Maharajah by an accident speared himself instead of the pig, the lance piercing his arm. He was a tall man, six feet, four inches in height, of gigantic build, weighing nearly 350 pounds. In the re- tinue of forty attendants who accompanied him everywhere was a hospital assistant who sewed up the severed artery with a piece of string. The Maharajah gave up his hunting party and, worried over his arm, started homeward. He remembered the medical missionary at Miraj and the American Presbyterian Mission there, in which he had shown heretofore but little interest. Some of these native princes allow no missionaries to work within their domains. He himself had not been so much op- posed as indifferent. SIR WILT,TAM WANLESS, nLD. As Dr. William J. Wanless was engaged at his usual rounds shortly after the accident a very excited Bowar or horseman garbed in the livery of the Maharajah raced up forty, each of whom had the right to the hospital. His horse was of access to the room of the chief. lathered with sweat and was as ex- Dr. Wanless scribbled a message cited as the courier himself. He to the superintendent of the hosdeclared that His Highness re- pital to clear out the cots and tots quested the doctor to leave his pa- from the children's ward and in- tients and come immediately. Dr. stall the biggest bed that could be Wanless hastily left his work and found in the center, putting upon started in a tonga, meeting the it two mattresses and strengthen- wounded prince fifteen miles away. ing it in every way possible for "I'm coming to your hospital," he this great man. He added that the 258

forty attendants would camp on witness operations, and always left the four verandas which sur- gifts for needy patients. On one rounded the children's hospital. To occasion one of the nurses, not his wife he sent a note asking her knowing who he was, refused him to entertain the two young sons admission unless he put on a gown of His Highness and the two and cap. "The gown being one of wards. my own went only half way round Dr. Wanless had built the chil- him," said Dr. Wanless, and with dren's ward out of gifts totalling his two attendants holding up his $800 which he had collected before heavy hands as was his custom, he left the homeland. His little he made such a comical figure in sister, a victim of tuberculosis, had the operating room that we all made the initial contribution, hand- could not keep from laughing to- ing him on her deathbed in Toron- gether."

to a purse with forty copper coins. A Champion of Outcastes The money was sacred because it had been contributed out of sacri- Years later Dr. Wanless was fice as well as friendship. In this travelling by' rail with the Maha- children's ward the mighty prince rajah, who was telling him of his was soon installed on a bed rein- interest in the sixty million "un- forced with rope. When operated touchables" of the country. The on that evening Dr. Wanless took Maharajah had become the presi- out of the arm "something that dent of the national organization looked very much like a hawser." which was seeking to alleviate their He responded well to treatment troubles. He had presided over and soon went home, taking the many meetings on their behalf. At doctor with him to his palace, his a meeting in a tent he had even private car having been left near suffered the indignity of being by at the railroad. For several stoned by the Brahmins for cham- days Dr. Wanless returned to dress pioning the rights of those whom the wound and a friendship sprang they had oppressed. The Mahara- up which grew stronger through jah asked the missionary if he had the years. Years later when the heard of his recent proclamation Maharajah gave to the mission fif- that henceforth there was to be no teen acres of land in Kolhapur on discrimination against the out- which stood several buildings of castes or low castes in public insti- an old military hospital, he made tutions in his state. It was the first the suggestion that the new hos- action of this kind in any native pital for women and children be state. It meant that the lower named the Mary Wanless Hospital castes should not be debarred from in memory of the missionary's the public wells as they had heen.

helpmate who had died of cholera Henceforth they could be employed "in the line of duty." A gift of in public offices without discrimi- forty acres of land was made to nation.

the American Presbyterian Mis- "It was a tall order," says Dr.

sion in Kolhapur for a school. The Wanless, "one that had never be- Maharajah even endeavored to fore been given in any native state.

have him move "his whole show" It had given the Maharajah a great over to Kolhapur, his capital. He deal of trouble in enforcement."

frequently came unannounced to "I was asked by some of my peo-

SEEING THE GOSPEL AT MIRAJ

pIe the other day," said the Maha- 1,250,000 and he himself had seen rajah, "Where I got this idea personally three-fourths of these, which had troubled them so much. the public was amazed to find that Do you know what I answered this one man had treated nearly a them? I said that I got it in the million patients! From two or Miraj hospital where I had seen three o'clock in the afternoon until the lower castes receive the same nearly midnight he had performed sort of treatment as the Brahmins countless operations having saved from the nurses and doctors. I his mornings for teaching his stu- made up my mind then that it dents. In the Medical College would be a good thing for my which he had founded he had state." trained over 200 physicians who He too had "seen the Gospel at are now carrying on in all parts Miraj." Many interesting stories, of the land. Practically all are "all in the day's work" will be told Christians. The government of you if you press the missionary India has given to this medical col- for some of the chapters of his lege its official recognition. By fascinating life. successful cataract operations he On February the 6th of 1928, had restored eyesight to over 10,- Dr. Wanless retired at the age of 000 people who could say-"Once sixty-three from the work which I was blind, but now I can see."

he had built up dUring the past The incidence of cataract is heavy thirty-nine years. Miraj is an out throughout India because of mal- of the way place, 200 miles south nutrition and also the condition of of Bombay and about 100 miles the houses. Smoke escapes mainly from the sea, but all over India from the roof and the eyes of many there were expressions of regret. are constantly irritated. The Sixteen farewell receptions were houses are also dark and the sharp given. At Poona at a great public contrast caused by the brilliant mass meeting in a theater His sunshine outside makes for eye Highness, the Aga Khan, the re- strain. It is a memorable experi- ligious head of millions of Moslems, ence to hear Dr. Wanless describe presided. The customary address the thrill which comes when a man in the silver casket was given. Al- who has been blind for ten years, though the head of a great body has the bandages removed from his of Moslems, the Aga Khan declared eyes in the hospital and sees ob- his convictions that only Christian- jects for the first time! "He re- ity could have accomplished such gards this as ocular proof of the results. The editor of the Bombay love of God," says the doctor, who Evening News referred to him as thinks that the oral presentation the leading surgeon of all India. of the gospel is not enough, al- This is high praise, when one con- though no one is more interested siders the caliber of the Indian than he is in telling the story of medical service and their remark- the Good Physician to the many able discoveries in research. A patients who come.

careful estimate has been made of In India friends and relatives the number of patients that Dr. often accompany the sick, and so Wanless treated during his thirty- the opportunity of teaching them nine years. As the hospital and is not overlooked. "Each one of its dispensaries had treated over our five medical missionaries takes

an active part in the religious The average distance traveled work," says Dr. Wanless. "I al- by patients who come to Dr. Wan- ways try to give a bit of the mes- less is over two hundred miles.

sage of the Master in the wards From the closed land of Afghan- at the Sunday service. "A Bit of istan, into which no missionary the Message of the Master" might may enter, from interior points in well be the title of this article. Arabia, even from distant Africa, The British government honored the afflicted make long journeys to Dr. Wanless in 1910 with the silver the threshold of the man who Kaiser-i-Hind medal "for distin- works what seem to them to be guished public service in India." modern miracles.

Ten years later he was made the The story of how the work has recipient of the gold Kaiser-i-Hind been built up is a thrilling one.

medal also. Friends throughout Dr. Wanless recalls vividly the first India rejoiced that in the list of group of patients which came to honors on New Year's Day 1928 his door. The Mission Board had King George V made him a Knight directed that he devote himself en- Bachelor of the Empire. As it was tirely to language study the first impossible .for him to remain for year. He recalls, however, the the Investiture by the Viceroy or group of dejected and depressed attend a royal levee in England, people who refused to be sent away· letters patent with the royal seal with the word that the young sahib were forwarded. Knighthood goes could not treat them but must con- back to the eleventh century and fine himself to the study of their the volume of explanation which language. When they greeted him accompanied the large gold medal again on his second day their need or decoration which is given with and misery so impressed him that the title revealed a most interest- he started in to work for them ing history. The old friends of without neglecting his language Dr. Wanless now call him Sir Wil- study. Even his careful medical liam in conformity with the new and surgical preparation in New title. Being a Canadian, he is priv- York University had not antici- ileged to receive this honor. It pated all the emergencies. Some meant a great deal to his Indian time later the young missionary supporters to know that the Brit- was traveling in one of the villages ish government had given this rec- when one of these early patients ognition of his unselfish services, accosted him. He told him of the which for them stands for chivalry joy which had come to him when at its best. He left Miraj satisfied his health had been restored, and that the four medical missionaries especially of his new found faith on the staff would carryon the in Christ. "I am a Christian work which he had built up, with now," said he. "Recently when one over seventy-five assistants and of my family died I wanted to give helpers. The nurses' training him a Christian burial. You will school and medical college with six- forgive me for I do not know ex- ty students is well-known through- actly what should be said in a time out the whole land. The physical like this, but over his grave I re- equipment is valued at $250,000, peated the Name of Christ, and and three-fourths of this has been then I spoke your name also."

given by Indians themselves. Before the discovery that the

germ of bubonic plague is carried In his addresses in America Dr. by the fleas which desert dying Wanless speaks about the wonder- rats for humans and so infect ful lure of India and refers to the them, Dr. Wanless ran many risks many kindnesses and courtesies of contracting this dread disease. which he has received from the On one occasion he entered a home hands of the people. He reminds to find a child, the only survivor his hearers that the vast mass of of the household, crawling over the the population is rural and prebodies of seven plague victims. sents a vivid picture of life in the The presence of so many fleas on 700,000 villages. It is plain to see his own clothing led him on that, that the poor and needy have a great place in his heart. "One and on other occasions as well, to 'beautiful custom that they have suspect that there was a connection between them and the disease. in India," says Sir William, "is During one plague epidemic when that the people do not wait to say Dr. Wanless was asked to be chair- nice things about you until your man of a city committee on sani- death." He bears high praise to tation, by means of his bicycle he his colleagues of the Medical Mis- sion Association who maintain 250 visited over, five thousand homes, hospitals with 300 dispensaries. inspecting the surroundings of The late John H. Converse pubeach and insisting on cleanliness. licly referred to the $25,000 which The Maharajah of Miraj contrib- he gave for the new hospital in uted a building in appreciation of Miraj as the best investment of this service. his life. Miss Mary Converse, his daughter, who spent several days Many grateful patients have con- in Miraj, was greatly impressed tributed generously to th~ hospital. with the achievements of the in- One block costing $3,000 was stitution. Dr. Wanless was not erected by a Parsee in memory of only the surgeon in the early days his child. A Bombay mill owner but the undertaker as well. He gave $10,000 and a Hindu widow was not only the architect of his a $5,000 block. One Parsee woman buildings but also the contractor. has collected over $5,000 in small "This," he says, "has some advanamounts from Parsees in many tages because there is never any lands. In India $100,000 is being friction between the architect and raised for a tuberculosis sanitori- the builder!" Through it all he um, which at the suggestion of Sir has maintained the Christian em- phasis. The aim of all his work in Leslie Wilson, the Lieutenant-Gov- his own words has been "by our ernor of Bombay Presidency, will service and message to make clear bear the missionary's name. He to our patients and to their friends also contributed a thousand rupees the fact of Christ as the great along with the suggestion. Dr. Physician to sin sick souls, as well Wanless was summoned to Bombay as the real Founder of the instituto broadcast by radio an appeal for tion whose physical benefits they, the patients, are receiving." this institution-his first broadcasting experience. Several years Dr. Wanless is now enjoying a ago a leper asylum was built which is now maintained by the Mission well-earned rest with his family in to Lepers. Six lepers have been Glendale, California. discharged as cured, and there are 120 under care.

2

BIRTH OF A TIBETAN

BY DORRIS E. SHELTON The author, a daugbter of Dr. and Mrs. A. L. Shelton of Tibet, had intimate contact wltb the Orpbanage started by ber parents In Batang, where tbe United Cbrlstlan Missionary Society has an important work.

W HEN father first went out One day mother and I were walk- to Tachienlu, Tibet, he found ing down a little narrow cobble- a little boy who had been stone street in Batang and we studying for the priesthood and noticed a tiny girl standing in a had run away. Father decided to doorway-a very tiny, dirty girl take Lee Gwa Gwang in off the with a slight slant in one of her streets. He clothed and fed him eyes. We stopped for a moment and and started him in our school. some women told us that the little A short time after the child had girl's mother was very sick. We been with us, father found another went into the small mud house and little ragged, dirty, sick boy sitting found the mother lying in a cold on the steps. Lee Gwa Gwang vol- corner on the ground, very sick and unteered. the information that it weak. Mother asked if she could do was his little brother, Lee Gwa Yin. anything for her and the woman These two boys grew up and were said something about her baby girl educated for what they wanted to -that if she died she had no place be-Lee Gwa Gwang for a preach- to go. When we started to leave, er, now the pastor of the church after mother had promised to send at Batang, and Lee Gwa Yin for food and have father come with a doctor, today one of our best medicine, the little girl ran after medical assistants. My father was us and caught hold of mother's very proud the day that the boy skirts, crying and refusing to let he had taken in became a pastor her go. She must have felt that and baptized his own two girls. we were her friends, ready to help Several years later when we her. Mother knew the orphanage were in Batang, mother and Mrs. ward was full, and there was no Ogden talked about the need for place to put the child. Father went an orphanage and wondered if it to see the woman and found she would ever be possible. But dreams was dying. The family talked it that are born of kindness and un- over together and in a few days selfishness have a way of coming our family again had a little or- true. When the hospital was built phan. When she was cleaned up father told them that one of the and fed she really was cute! Le- large wards downstairs might be zong Lhalmo has been very inter- used for our mission orphanage esting in her growth and develop- for a while. Soon it was filled ment and has always been mother's with children who were orphaned orphan. Now Lezong Lhalmo is and helpless. one of the older girls in the mis- I remember Saturday as the day sion, capable, bright and loved.

the orphans had their bath and to After mother had her orphan, some of the little Tibetans who each of the family decided to have had never had a bath it was a new an individual orphan. Dot took experience! It was lots of fun to one and I took one and ever since see them clean and happy. we have had "our own orphan."

258

ABDUL EL AZIZ IBN SAUD AND HIS

ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS· BY C. STANLEY G. MYLREA, M.D., Kuwait, Arabia Missiou{tlry of the Re!onnea Church i1l, Ame'rica "RABIA-The very word is Geographically a penisula, it is in 1"l.. synonymous with mystery, effect an island, for the sands of romance, and the fairy tales the north are just as sure a barrier of the ages. There is a wondrous as the seas to the west, south and associ"ation in the minds of most east. In these days oceans connect, of us with sights and sounds, and they do not separate, but the desjust to see the word "Arabia" or erts are still one of the most formito hear it spoken, is to conjure up dable barriers of the world. The a vision of long lines of swaying great southern desert of Arabia, camels, bearing their precious the dreary "Empty Quarter" has freight of "spicery and balm and never been crossed, at all events by myrrh" across the dry, blazing, a white man. It remains an absotrackless desert. The poets have lutely impassible barrier. In the ever loved to sing of the great un- future, the near future, aeroplanes known and most people will quote and motor cars will doubtless wrest glibly from Longfellow to the ef- its secrets from it, but for the presfect that "the cares which infest ent it remains as it always was, the day shall fold their tents like silent and forbiddmg. Not for the Arabs and silently steal away." nothing do the Arabs speak of their Arabia has always been one of country as "The Island," for an the remote countries of the world island it is, securely compassed and distance has but lent enchant- about with sand and water. ment. It is a country which has al- Arabia is one of the few counways enjoyed a splendid isolation. tries which has never excited the cupidity of the empire building na- Sjo:~I!letSheb'i[."b~fl from the Board of Mis· tions. The reason is simple. Ara- 259

bia has nothing to attract the On the whole, through the ages, conqueror. Sand and sunshine are Arabia has been pretty well left about all the natural resources en- alone and the result is that she can joyed by the greater part of the show an unbroken national existcountry. The game has never been ence equalled by few nations. As worth the candle and it is impos- the Arab was centuries ago, so he sible to contemplate without a remains today or at least so he shudder, the terrible hardships remained till yesterday. It is which would await any western worthy of notice that the Arabs army foolhardy enough to attempt were probably pioneers in the great the military conquest of Arabia. art of transportation. The desert The only commercial hope of the and the Arab between them proland seems to lie in the possibility duced the camel, and from the days of the discovery of large oil de- when Ishmaelites carried Joseph posits but if or when such discov- into Egypt and sold him they beeries are made, agreements will be came the desert carriers of the come to, not by force, but by con- world. Great caravan routes grew cession. The only troops which up and the tide of trade flowed have ever been able to accomplish from Constantinople to Baghdad, anything in the deserts of Arabia from Aleppo to Damascus, from have been Turks, who about a cen- Baghdad to Teheran, Meshed and tury ago broke the power (tem- India. Wherever there are stretches porarily) of the Wahabis and of desert to be negotiated, whether carried their victorious arms into in Morocco, or China or India, the very heart of the Nejd. A great tribute to their endurance. it is the camel which keeps the communications 0 pen, and the

ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS

hackneyed title "The ship of the "He will be a wild man, his hand desert" is justified. It is scarcely will be against every man, and necessary to stress the relationship every man's hand against him" is between the Arab and the horse. still true. The Arab is an indi- The word "Arab" suggests the fin- vidualist in every fibre of his being. est horse in the world. It was the Harmony and cooperation are far camel and the horse, in the hands to seek and it is doubtful whether of the men of the desert, which the Arabs have ever been altogethmade possible the great conquests er united in their whole history, of the Arab armies and which gave even in the days of Mohammed and them their great empire. How the early Caliphs. Like Cyrano de these men of the desert stir our Bergerac, the Arab leads, he does imaginations! Any nation which not follow. The individualism and could even exist in a country like the selfishness of the Arab are of "HUDWA" OR NATIVE CIRCUS, STAGED FOR THE MISSION MEETING AT KUWAIT Arabia would compel our admira- course largely due to the country tion, but the Arabs have given the in which he lives. Tribe is sepworld a language, a literature, and arated from tribe by tremendous a faith that are marvels of history. stretches of sterile waste. Life is The Arab is a man of force, a man one long struggle. It is a case of of character. He is, as he would "each for himself." say in his own language, a man. A race of weaklings would not last There has, however, been one two generations in Arabia. The great bond between men in Arabia, Arabs are strong because they have at all events since the days of Moendured and they have endured be- hammed. The bond of Islam! And cal}.se they are strong. what a marvellous bond it has been! How one's heart thrills as Nevertheless the Arab with all one pictures those Arab armies gohis potentialities, is to be reckoned ing out to conquer the world with among the most backward races of their battle cry of "Allahu Akbar" the world. The prophecy in Genesis in their hearts, and in their eyes

and on their lips! For it was their wards developing the New Movereligion that was their bond, their ment. Religious teachers were driving force and the secret of encouraged to do their utmost to their irresistible might. The Arab revive the ideals of Abdul Wahab. fought as the Koran puts it "in Out in the desert somewhere about the way of God." There is nothing 1913 the city of Artawiyah sprang to equal a religious ideal to bring up, that religious center of Waout the fighting qualities of the habism, 10,000 strong at least, a Arab. His wars are God's wars. city which Philby saw in 1918 but He is enlisted in the armies of the did not dare to enter, contenting Living God. himself with a long look through Of late years, in the opinion of his field glasses, at a distance of thousands of pious Arabs, men four miles. The Wahabis named have fallen from grace. Islam is themselves the Ikhwan (the brethnot what it was. The world, the ren) a name which suggests love flesh and the devil have captured and peace and charity with all men. men's hearts. Men do not keep the faith as they once did. Some twen- But the name has come to be asty years ago, away out in the heart sociated with all that is the very of the desert, the fires of Wahabism opposite of those three beautiful which had been smouldering for attributes. To the Ikhwan all other more than a hundred years, began to break into flame. Men began to Moslems are heretics and it is war teach and to preach reform. Pray- to the death. "Join 'the brethren' er became more reguIitr and the or fight," was the challenge which fast was better kept. The great went up and down the land. The Sultan, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, King movement grew. Those who fell of the Hejaz as he has since be- fighting for the brotherhood were come, the most remarkable man martyrs to whom Paradise was as- Arabia has produced perhaps since the time of the prophet, watched sured. Those who survived were the reviving fire and pondered. At consoled by the acquisition of the that time Ibn Saud had but lately spoils of war; women, camels, recaptured the kingdom of his fa- sheep, goats, tents and merchan- dise. thers in the south center of Arabia. He was no longer a refugee–living And so Ibn Saud's army became an invincible reality, praying, fastin Kuwait under favor of Sheikh ing, murdering and looting, the Mubarak. He had won his spurs latter always in the name of Allah, and in his heart had grown up a of course. In 1912 Ibn Saud drove great ambition. He pondered on the Turks out of the fertile provthe doctrines of the great reform- ince of Hasa. The enemy were er, Abdul Wahab and remembered only a handful and made but a how more than 100 years ago, those poor resistance but the conquest doctrines had conquered the country. He believed in those doctrines of Hasa meant a valuable revenue himself. And as he thought, he to Ibn Saud, and money is power realized that, here in this reform in Arabia as everywhere else. In movement, was the weapon he was 1918 he began operations against seeking. It lay ready to his hand. his hereditary foes to the north, Ibn Saud bent all his energies to- the tribes of Jebel Shammar, but due partly to a certain lack of resolution and partly perhaps to political factors, the capital city of

ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS

Hail did not fall until 1924. From tween him and Great Britain.) In that moment, however, Ibn Saud the case of Kuwait, the Ikhwan was more or less master of Arabia. have been a thorn in the side ever In January, 1926, he was pro- since 1920. For one reason or claimed King of the Hejaz and this another, with or without excuse, great province, the seal of his cam- the Ikhwan have raided Kuwait paigns, for Hejaz included within caravans, have plundered Kuwait its borders the holy cities of Mecca shepherds, have massacred and terand Medina, was added to his do- rorized, all through the past nine minions. years. It has come to actual war twice and Great Britain has inter- All of this empire had been won fered but with only temporary reto Ibn Saud through the might of lief in each case. Kuwait is a semihis army of fanatics. Without them independent Arab state guaranteed Ibn Saud would be merely one more by Great Britain. Ibn Saud knows Arab Sheikh and the world would VIEW OF MISSION COMPOUND, AT KUWAIT, FROM THE BEACH never have heard of him. If re- this, of course, and whenever he is port runs true, the Ikhwan have called to account by the suzerain been at pains to remind him of power, he either makes the eXCUl';e this, occasionally, when they and that the Ikhwan for the time being he did not see eye to eye. And got out of control or he has what now Ibn Saud finds himself in the he considers to be a sufficient pretraditional position of Alexander, text for what he has done ;and sighing for more worlds to con- proceeds to present a counter quer. His army chafes under inac- grievance. On January 21st last, tion; it ever longs to be on the war- a party of the Ikhwan attacked path and so it is constantly raiding two motor cars in which some here and there, now on the borders Americans were traveling from of Transjordania, now on the bor- Basrah to Kuwait. Henry Bilkert ders of Iraq, now in the territory of the Arabian Mission of the Reof Kuwait. (It is said that Ibn formed Church of America was Saud does not want these raids hit and died within an hour.

which only make complications be- If either or both of the cars had

been disabled, the entire party Palgrave is doomed. Early in De- would doubtless have been massa- cember, 1928, two motor cars, trav- cred. Fortunately however, the eled from Riadh to Hasa in two cars succeeded in getting away. It days! The distance must be some remains to be seen what Ibn Saud 250 miles. From now on, the Arab will say about this, and while his will have to divide his distances by ability to control the Ikhwan may ten, and Arabia will shrink. The be a matter of opinion, it is hard Bedou will be forced to readjust to believe that Ibn Saud has never his ideas of time and space and been able to prevent his men from learn, as Einstein is trying to teach harassing Kuwait. When a course us, that everything in this world of action is persisted in more or is relative, and nothing is absolute.

less energetically, for years, one The aeroplane may have its short- cannot help suspecting a deliberate comings as a fighting machine and and studied policy. Moreover, it is the Arab has been marvellously difficult to reconcile Ibn Saud's quick to realize these shortcomings enormous power over his men with but the aeroplane as a means of chronic disobedience. It seems al- conquering the deserts of Arabia most impo'ssible to believe that Ibn is unrivaled and is destined to Saud is helpless and cannot con- achieve ever greater .and greater trol the situation. victories. The giant type of dirigi- Once again, and one wonders if ble balloon has not yet been even it is to be for the last time in the tried in Arabia, but in all proba- history of the world, we have the bility, it will be sailing across the spectacle of an army committing desert before many years are past.

every crime in the decalogue, in There remain the wireless tele- the name of the Lord of Hosts. If graph, telephone and radio which ever an army was sincere, these can defy the wildest Arab, who Ikhwan are sincere, just as much indeed is powerless to stay the pas- so as were Godfrey de Bouillon's sage of those marvellous impulses Crusaders, or Cromwell's Iron- through his territory. The recent sides. These fanatical Arabs hon- evacuation of the Europeans from estly believe that they are doing Kabul, Afghanistan, has been a God service. It was hinted above lesson on the efficacy of the aero- that as the Arab has been for cen- plane and wireless when they work turies so he is today, or more ac- together. In the process of time, curately, so he was yesterday. Arabia must inevitably take her Perhaps, after all, the Arab will place in the world. There is no be compelled to modify his attitude help for it.

towards the rest of the world. His Is Arabia of importance in the old ally, transportation, is desert- world's councils? How much is ing him and going over to the en- Arabia's influence worth? To an- emy. The camel and the horse will swer these questions, it is only nec- inevitably surrender to the motor essary to remember that Arabia car as that piece of mechanism be- is the center of Islam, the religion comes better and better adapted of the prophet of Mecca. Islam to the desert. When the nomad of was born in Arabia. The Koran is Arabia has lost his mobility he will an Arabic book. Islam is an Ara- have lost his most powerful weap- bic religion. Every time a Muslim on. The Arabia of Doughty and prays he prays in the Arabic lan-

ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS

guage, even though that language to do great things in the realms of be a foreign tongue to him. Every the temporal. Harrison and Dame time a Muslim prays he turns his have proved that even the Ikhwan face in the direction of Mecca. can recognize the spiritual worth Finally, every Muslim hopes to be of the Christian and that the misable some day to make the pilgrim- sionary can match their fanaticism age and visit Mecca in person. In of exclusiveness with the fanatiother words, Islam centers round cism of service. The one thing the Arabia its heart and soul. In so individualistic Arab needs to learn far as we Christians can influence is the Christian meaning of the Arabia, we can influence to the word "Brotherhood" with its gossame extent the 235,000,000 that pel of service and love of neighbor.

DR. MYLREA AND AN ARAB PATIENT make up the exceeding great army He needs to learn the .great truth of Muslims. But Arabia is still that Christ taught, namely that the "Neglected Arabia." The Red Sea world is his neighbor, irrespective and the South Coast are still un- of race, or color, or religion. He occupied with the exception of needs to know that God is love and Aden. Only the Persian Gulf side that man too should be–Iove. God is being at all evangelized. grant that the Ikhwan may soon Will the Arab be willing to learn realize that their system is out of from the Christian? The answer date, that God is not the particular is almost certainly in the affirma- patron of a narrow sect, but that tive. The Arab, being a man him- He is the Lord and Father of man- self, recognizes a man when he sees kind, who wishes only that men one. Lawrence and Leachman, may turn from their wickedness Shakespear and Philby, have all and live. For which cause we bow proved that the Arab can be taught our knees in prayer to God.

OUR RURAL

"B BY REV. CLARENCE A. SHAKE, Evansville, Indiana LUE GRASS" is an open- homes. So now we are facing a country circuit in southern completely new problem. But up Indiana, Evansville dis- to this time our problem has been trict, Indiana conference. It con- strictly rural and with folk ensists of four churches, all situated gaged only in agricultural inter- in the open country-not even a ests. village as a setting for anyone of Intellectually these folk have the four with parsonage eight· been about average rural folk. miles from the nearest town. The When we came here nine years pastor goes eight miles for his gro- ago there were but two college ceries and mail is delivered from graduates in the entire constituthe same distance. Three of these ency. One entire township still churches are just the ordinary one- clings to the antiquated one-room room, frame church building such school buildings. English and as can be duplicated most any- Scotch extraction-small appreciawhere in the open country. One tion of the aesthetic-good livers, of them is a brick· structure with not wealthy but all owning their a Sunday-school room in addition farms which are handed down from to the auditorium. father to son–complacent, reli- This parish is about fifteen miles gious, according to the customs of long by about ten miles wide. their fathers-limited outlook up- There are no other churches in this on life-satisfied. area, although six churches of oth- They had a very fine crop of er denominations are on the edges rural America's finest product- of this parish. boys and girls-and these were not This is purely an agricultural as satisfied as were dad and moth- constituency – grain and dairy er: The city lights, from 10 to 20 farming claiming the entire inter- miles away, were very attractive to est of the community-or rather the younger generation. Dad and communities, for there are four mother realized that unless they distinct communities. Just now we did something to counteract the in- are beginning to feel the coming fluence of the city, their boys and of a new problem, for a concrete girls would soon be drawn into it.

highway right through the heart About this time the Centenary of this parish and leading to Evans- movement began. The district ville, is opening this up to that superintendent saw the opportugroup of folk who want to work nity here for a project, suggested it in the city and live in the country. to them and found the folk willing These people have built, at their to undertake it. So the project own expense, some ten miles of began in 1919. electric light line and have given When we came we found reliit to the light company in Evans- gion being interpreted as a thing ville that they might have service. apart from life instead of a part This line makes electricity avail- of life with an annual revival as able to some seventy-five farm the sole program of the Church.

266

ATTACKING OUR RURAL PROBLEM

We began to preach a social gos- claimed a second such medal. Pur- pel, not neglecting the gospel of due University has now given out the inner life. We have tried to four such gold medals and Mr.

keep a sane balance between reli- Riggs holds three of them. In gion of conduct and religion of 1925 the American Jersey Cattle character not offering either as a Club selected the 1925 gold-medal substitute for the other. We tried herd of Mr. Riggs to be their of- to interpret religion in terms of ficial exhibit at the International life and to make our program meet Cattle Show held at Indianapolis.

the needs of the immediate situa- In 1926 Ray Clutter (our church tion instead of some time-honored treasurer) won the grand reserve custom. championship on single-ear exhibit We made our program to cover at the International Corn Show.

every phase of life for which there When asked by an agricultural pa- was an evident need of leadership per to give the secret of raising and for which no other agency was championship corn, he replied: offering guidance. Our program "There were three factors that en- dealt with economic improvement, tered into the raising of this corn: educational . advancement, social First, the church that furnished . and recreational expression, cul- inspiration 'that whatever is worth tural growth, community develop- doing is worth doing well, and that ment and a more efficient church life consists in giving one's best in school. whatever enterprise we are en- In some of these we assumed di- gaged'; second, the county agent rect leadership, in others-the who furnished the information; agricultural improvement – we and third, my wife who furnished merely sponsored movements look- the encouragement when I grew ing to improved methods and discouraged."

encouraged advancement either di- In Boys' and Girls' Club work rectly or indirectly. (4-H Clubs) we have a number of Some Results state winners. Laura McCutchan, state champion in canning; Har- In agriculture our community riet McCutchan, twice state cham- has given more and more attention pion in canning; Martha Riggs, to dairy farming until today they state champion in baking; Agnes are one of the outstanding dairy Hilliard, twice second in state; sections of Indiana. From breed- Alice Schnurr, most perfect girl ers of scrub stock they are known in state in health contest; the next now throughout the middle west year Henrietta Peck, another of as breeders of pure-bred Jerseys. our girls, carried off the same hon- Our Sunday-school superintendent or for the state; three of our girls had the first gold medal herd in have twice won the state champion- Indiana. For eight years the state ship in demonstration work.

agricultural college (Purdue) had Last May (1928) we held an offered a gold medal to the dairy Achievement Banquet at which we farmer whose herd would meet cer- presented as the achievements in tain standards. In eight years no the last nine years, 12 girls who herd had ever qualified. In 1925 had won 13 Firsts and six Seconds Richard Riggs, (our S. S. Supt.) in state contests in various phases claimed the medal and in 1927 he of 4-H Club work. Also eight men

and boys who had placed First or geants of various types, both at Second in fifteen state contests; a home and away from home. In basketball squad that had won the 1926 we organized two orchestras championship in a league of 29 of about 30 instruments each (and teams two years in succession; an out of the 60 only two had ever eighth grade boy who lacked one played an· instrument), in 1927 point of winning highest honors in this combined orchestra was in- Indiana in eighth grade examina- vited to play before a conference tions. Over a period of nine years on church music. We have con- time 81 % of our boys and girls ducted lyceum lecture courses; have gone to high school (in a singing schools; music clubs; con- country where the average is certs, programs of various types.

50ro); 65ro have gone to college; In community development we and 86 % of all boys and girls above have built seventeen miles of con- 12 years of age are affiliated with crete, 25 miles of rock road in the the Church. We have had, or now last nine years; ten miles of elec- have, in all sixty-eight of our young tric light line through this rural people in the various colleges and section; a number of homes, land- universities of the country. scaping their grounds; church In recreation we have tried to grounds landscaped and fOUndation'

give adequate outlet for recrea- plantings; general improvement tional activities through super- in appearance and convenience of vised Saturday afternoon play- homes; from one to four autos to ground; and through athletics each family; several radios in use.

conducted in our Community Hall Hold Farmers' Institutes; held (built in 1920 at cost of $17,000). one Farmers' Short Course; have Basketball seems to be the most one of the biggest community fairs continuous and satisfactory form in Indiana; payout from $1,500 of recreation. We have had from to $2,000 each year in premiums; three to ten basketball teams each community will tackle almost anyseason for the past eight years. thing that comes along (exceilt ~n Usually we have three or four rep- adequate school system). Haven't resentative teams. Last year our yet convinced them that their sys- "Class A" team won the champion- tem is inadequate.

ship of the Evansville Sunday- Graded three Sunday schools school Basketball League with with splendid primary depart- twenty-nine teams entered. This ments in two of them. Have taken team lost but one game in the en- 160 of our young people into the tire season. Our "Class B" team Church; three young men entered .

was a close second for honors in the ministry without even a sug- their division. gestion on my part-one of them, Our cultural program covers a a college graduate, was licensed in wide range of interests: May, 1926, and is now completing In pageantry: our young people theological course at Garrett this were invited to put on an evening month; has worked out his mas- of pageantry at our Epworth ter's degree and will have s'ome League Institute (1,200 enrolled) credits on his doctor's degree by and we took 55 of them 120 miles June 28; a second is a junior in to put on four Biblical pageants. college; a third is a senior in high We have given a number of pa- school.

OF BENGAL, INDIA-WOR'l'H WINNING TO

CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES IN INDIA BY REV. JUDSON T. PERKINS, Hyderabad, Deccan, India Missionary of the Methodist l1'piscopa·l Ohurch T HE thinking of India has be- These Scriptures often carry come. honeycombed wit h their message where the preacher Christian teaching. In talk- cannot go. I once sold a Scripture ing with the people in the shops, portion to a boy in a bazaar. In the office, on trains, and at railway the evening as I was going through stations one realizes that the re- another village on my way home ligion of Jesus Christ has spread I chanced to see this same boy sit- far beyond the bounds of the mis- ting in a doorway reading aloud sion compounds. from the book. Inside of the house The Bible (in whole or in part) I could see several women sitting is the most widely read book in on the floor, listening and outside India. It is now available in some were several men and boys also fifty languages and dialects and listening. This is what generally during the four years of 1924-1927 . happens.

the Methodist Episcopal Church I once met a young Brahmin law- alone sold and distributed in India yer on the train, who told me of 5,523 Bibles, 12,691 New Testa- having heard his father read the ments and 1,561,390 portions of Bible when he was a small boy.

Scripture and circulated 8,662,271 His father had long since died and Christian tracts. Other churches that copy of the Bible had disap- are no doubt doing as much or peared, but said he "I have often more. thought of what I heard and have 269

determined to secure a copy for Coupled with this is lantern lecture myself." Subsequently he came and singing parties. These with and purchased aNew Testament. the regular organized church serv- There are the mission schools ices form what may be called the scattered all over India, from the mass appeal. The individual ap- little village night or day school to peal is carried in house to house the colleges where Scripture teach- visitation. The individual or per- ing is given. sonal work may be done through Many a conversion has been defi- consultation in connection with the nitely traced to the Christian mass appeal. During the last two teaching received in these schools, and one half years I have had much one of the most prominent of these opportunity to do this very thing is the conversion of Sadhu Sunder among Moslems. One has already Singh. been baptized and another will be Many men have told me with ev- baptized within a few days.

ident pride that they had been edu- The man who is to be baptized cated in a mission school and were was a born "Miskeen" or Moslem glad of the Christian teaching they beggar. His father and mother had received. Some years ago a were beggars and he had never Brahmin 'Government official told done anything during all his 25 or me that he had received his B.A. 30 years but beg. He came to me, degree in Hislop College, Nag- not to beg, but to ask the way of pur. He said in substance "You salvation. Somewhere he had missionaries should not be discour- heard of Christ. One foot was aged because of the small number bandaged and I asked what had of converts from among the stu- happened. He told me that he had dents. I know positively that when cut it on a piece of glass. After I was in college practically every giving him some ointment and student, both Hindu and Moslem bandaging it he turned to me and became a secret follower of Christ." said, "You are the first. one who The part medical work has had has asked me how I hurt my foot."

in the spreading of the Gospel may I told him to stop begging and go be hard to gauge. It is certain that to work. He agreed to this. Then it has broken down prejudice and I found that he used opium and opened the way for a more direct told him that too must be given up appeal. I have found opposition if he was to become a Christian.

to the Christian message complete- He promised to try. He has come ly broken down after one or two several times since then and is visits of some of our medical staff. proud of the fact that he has found Most mission hospitals and dispen- work as a coolie at sixteen cents saries have trained evangelists who a day and has completely given up give Scripture teaching to all who the use of opium. He says "I be- visit the hospital. What has been lieve in Christ. He is my Saviour.

done and is being done in this di- Please baptize me so that all will rection has a large place in the know I am a Christian."

Bpread of ChriBtianity. ChriBtian miBsionaries have al- Direct evangelistic work is car- ways done more or less of social ried on in several ways. Street or service and it has been worth open air preaching is one of the While. Many non-Christian organ- commonest forms of this work. izations are c los ely imitating

CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES IN INDIA

Christian methods. During the bu- er, asked me to sit beside him on bonic plague epidemic early last his rug, took my right hand and year, a wealthy Hindu turned his placing it on his head said "Pray movie theatre into a plague hos- for God's blessing to come on me pital and ran it under the name of for you have the truth. We have "The Social Service League." He not. Only Christ can save."

was in reality the whole league Recently we baptized a Moslem though he had a lot of voluntary who told me that he was not led Christian and a few Hindu paid to become a Christian by, reading helpers. Time and again plague the Bible but by the kindly treat- patients, both Hindus and Mos- ment of European superior officers.

lems, told me that it was Christ While traveling on the train one who made the many Christians day I was led to give my testimony help. But said they, "There is as to how I became a Christian.

nothing in our religion to cause A young Moslem engineer who our own people to help us. We heard my testimony told me that would die if it was not for you he had searched in every sect of Christians. " his religion for the experience of Recently .I baptized a Moslem forgiveness from sin. He further convert who was a graduate of the said, "Your religion has given that Moslem University at Aligarh. He experience to you. Mine has not said that his desire to become a given it to me; yours must be true; Christian had become more firm mine false, for I have never heard as a result of his studies there such a testimony before." While where the whole emphasis is on the he talked, an old red-bearded Haji religion of Islam and definitely who had made the pilgrimage to anti -Christian. Mecca nodded his head and said: Some one may ask what mes- "True, true, it is true."

sage there is in the Gospel which The greatest appeal of the Chris- leads a Hindu or Moslem to ex- tian message comes when the non- change the religion of his birth for Christian who knows the teachings faith in Christ. In talking with a of Christ, sees those teachings Moslem Government official he sud- lived out in the lives of those who denly turned to me and said, in ef- profess to be Christ's followers. If fect: "Your religion is based on only the professing Christians in righteousness, justice, and truth. India-European, American, An- This has long since departed from glo-Indian and Indian-would live our religion." Another day, on the Christ day by day, India's millions train, an educated Brahmin, learn- would soon be won for Christ. Let ing that I was a Christian preach- us do it for Christ's sake.

"0 God who hast made us incurably incomplete without Thee, and hast set the thirst for communion with Thee deep within our hearts, teach us to pray! Forgive the old selfish prayer of the past! Give us a great love for thy will, even where it conflicts with our dearest desires! Center all our desires upon Thee, and grant us that poise of soul which comes from putting Thy will first in all things! Through Him by whom all true prayer approaches to Thy mercy-seat, Jesus Christ our Lord! Amen."-S. M. Shoemaker, Jr.

INDIAN STUDENT'S

BY DEVATALA GABRIEL, Jubbulpore, India A Student in the Methodi8t Theological College at Jubbulpore AT THE invitation of the Rev. had a two-catch game for a few f i John Patterson, I went over minutes. Soon the other children followed his example and entered to Vikarabad to spend my into the play. That evening the vacation in one of the villages, put- children learned how to handle the ting into practice what I had learn- ball and the next day all came runed in our Methodist Theological ning to me without my calling College at Jubbulpore. I took the them. The high-caste people felt necessary implements to run a the ball to see whether it was hard school, such as slates, Telugu ver- or soft and then without distincnacular readers, a blackboard, a tion joined in the game. Some days hurricane lantern, soap, pieces of I taught the children games with cardboard, and a new volley ball. this ball, other days we played In- dian games or had competitions in I was located in a village called sports. Games are a means to get Thummalapelli which is twenty- village children interested in school five miles from Vikarabad. The work for them. name of the village, Thummalapelli, comes from thumma, a kind Village Sanitation. My courses of thorny tree with a big trunk, in science and village problems and pelli meaning a village. The helped me to put into practice whole village was once a forest, principles of sanitation. The viland it is still surrounded by these lagers pay little heed to keeping trees.

I entered this village with the their surroundings or themselves new volley ball well inflated in clean. In this village of Thum- order to get acquainted with the malapelli, in front of or behind boys and girls. To these villagers every house there was a manure my volley ball was one of the latest pile which is a breeding place for wonders of the modern world. As every kind of disease. No wonder I walked from house to house with that these poor villagers suffer the ball under my arm in search of every year from small pox, cholera, the children, men and women all malaria, plague, etc. Every day stood wonderstruck and asked: during my stay I advised the wom- "Panthuloo (teacher), is that a city en to clean their houses within and pumpkin?" without. As they were very slow At first I had a difficult time to to follow any advice, the village get these children to play. They school children and myself took could not believe that the ball was brooms and swept the lanes and harmless. The nearer I-came the the court yards. The women felt farther away they backed. In the ashamed, and said that it was the crowd there was a stout chap whom duty of the women and not of the I hit playfully with the ball so that men to keep houses clean. From he learned that it was light and that day the good women began to harmless. He ventured to throw keep their houses and surround- the ball back to me, and thus we ings clean.

272 Next I taught them to keep their Buchanna and told him to put them drinking water clean. The well in the well to purify the water.

from which these villagers get their Medical Aid. Dr. Hugh H. Linn water is shallow and exposed to of Vikarabad gave me free of every kind of contamination from charge tablets of six different kinds cows, bulls, buffaloes, donkeys, and for the most common ailments.

other animals that leave germs of Every morning and evening when diseases in the water. The people I visited each house in the Chris- themselves wash their clothes and tian community, they mistook me bathe in the same water. I told to be a great physician and when this to Mr. Pitta Buchanna, the I asked their well-being, they com- head of our Christian community plained about their diseases. How and can still picture his horrified I wished I were a physician to expression. He replied: "Pan- rightly diagnose their cases! Dr.

thuloo, our people are foolish; Linn's tablets rendered much won- they. do not use their brains, they derful service. A young man who are not beasts to act like that but had suffered from sore throat and they are men and they must seek cold, after taking one of the pills the benefit of. the community. To- said that it seemed as if a heavy morrow I will gather all these fel- stone was rolled away from lUs lows and tell them strictly not to head. He believed in the power of allow any beast or human being to the white man's medicine which he pollute the water." promptly recommended to his fel- The next evening, as I was hold- low men.

ing my school, Buchanna gathered Small pox spread from one of the men and women and asked the villages into Thummalapelli them to keep an eye on the well. and attacked adults and children.

Then he beckoned to me and asked Miss Simonds and Miss Morgan me to tell them the danger of pol- visited my village and saw the ter- luting drinking water, and how rible ravages of the disease. Dr.

they reap the consequences in the Linn and another worker came form of cholera, skin diseases, with serum for vaccination. The worms and other evils. I pointed Chevrolet in wh'ich they arrived out how they could keep the well was another wonder of the world from contammation by a fence, by to these villagers. Dr. Linn also prohibiting the people from wash- brought his gramophone and it at- ing, bathing and throwing refuse tracted a great crowd. Some of into the well, and by not allowing the high caste people were vac- cattle to go near. They confessed cinated with the depressed classes their ignorance and said that no making a total of two hundred and one had ever instructed them in three. This was the largest num- this manner. The men at once took ber that Dr. Linn had ever vac- an oath to try their best to keep cinated in one village.

the well from pollution and passed, The Village School. I was told a resolution that whoever is found to teach the village children to read guilty of contaminating the water by the direct method, which is prev- in any manner must be fined. At alent in Vikarabad district. It the time of my departure I gave a seemed to me as if I were building handful of potassium perman- a house without foundation, which ganate tablets into the hands of needed alphabet teaching in a lan- 3

MR. GABRIEL'S VILLAGE· SCHOOL He is to the left and wears a black headdress. In this first picture is a typical group of Deccan Telugus with their Pallthulloo and the Christian community headman,Bueba.nnn, wearing cap and white turban respectively. 'The children in the first two rows are the "scholars" of Thummalapelli village.

guage, like Telugu which has fifty- carefully observed the characters six letters, each letter capable of and when I asked them what the assuming different forms. At last words were, most of them correctly I said to myself, "Let me take the read the words. Then I held out new road and l1nd out where it another piece of cardboard and leads." read for them the words two or three times; they easily repeated Pieces of cardboard were given them, and read correctly upon my to me upon which were written the questioning them. I gave them words of an interesting story for practice upon each section and in children. It had eight parts and I three weeks to my great surprise was asked to teach the whole story they had learned the whole story. within a month. Every night the parents and rela- tives used to sit behind their chil- On the first day, I related the dren and watch the teaching. whole story, using the methods I When they saw their children readwas taught in the story-telling class ing what was written on the cards in the Seminary. The children they were thunderstruck. I heard were very much interested in this some one saying, "This is magic." story of "A Little Chick" for which When these children missed readthey had admiration and sym- ing the words correctly, the adults pathy. Next I held out a piece of advised me to beat them, but I cardboard before them, and read the words written on it. They very

AN INDIAN STUDENT'S VACATION

politely declined. The new method to hold my school, but a generous which I had once despised helped lady permitted me to hold night very much in my village school. school in her courtyard. Thus I had the night school in the open air There were fifteen children in and the day school under cool shady my school; nine were from six to trees. I boarded with my parents twelve years and the rest below six. who live two and half miles from Nine children never missed even this village and I had to walk daily one day (except one girl who left five miles in the hot sun. The vilthat village during my last days lagers saw this and asked me, there) . Among these nine there "Panthuloo, why don't you stay in were four boys and five girls. our village?" I said, "I have no When I told them that their photo- house even to hold school for your graph was to be taken they washed children; in whose house shall I their faces, hands and feet with the stay?" Buchanna saw the need soap and combed their hair. Some and showed the people the need for put on their village best and others a schoolhouse. He set them an nature's own costume. These boys example by doing his part. He and girls learned a dozen Christian brought some wooden beams and lyrics and Bible stories; they love the rest followed his example. Like to sing and tell stories of Christ. the Jews of the ancient time, some In the competitions in story tell- brought stones, some hay for roof, ing, reading, singing and reciting others volunteered to do carpentry Bible verses, the girls showed their work; others masonry in building superior mental ability and put the walls, and the women helped in boys to shame. what ways they could. Within a week they built a model village A Community Centre. I had no hut or house in the village in which BUCHANNA (third from the right) WITH HIS HOUSEHOLD, MR. GABRIEL, AND A FRIEND

Christian community centre house ical hunger. Then they presented accommodating thirty people. To- Christ the giver of eternal life and wards the close of my work this wealth. In the darkness of his house was completed and they were spiritual life, he felt the hand of happy because they thought that I Christ and believed on Him. He would live there and teach them did not hide the light within him, for some years. I said to them but went home and told about that in case I went away the mis- Christ to his parents and family. sionary would send another young They too believed and were bap- Panthuloo. I called Buchanna pri- tized in the name of Jesus Christ. vately and told him that as the Henceforth they received the minhead of the Christian community it isters of Christ into their house, was his duty to gather all the chil- set before them food, and gave dren and adults on every Sunday thank-oiferings to God freely. Now and hold a service for them in that their house is open to every Chriscommunity centre house and make tian. They broke the barriers of the best possible use of it. Though old Hindu customs and gave up Buchanna is illiterate he is not strong drink. Three of their chilwholly ignorant; he can think and dren are in our boarding school at reason well. He has the secret of Vikarabad and their eldest daughinfluencing and winning the favor ter was married recently to one of of the rest of the community and our Christian boys, and the young is therefore a leading man in every couple are happy in a Christian respect. Many a time he testified home. Even after they became to the Christ of his experiences be- Christians they were not free from fore educated Christians. He has troubles; their crops failed on acthat capacity for preaching ser- count of scanty rain fall, very remons of Christ to his fellow men cently one of Buchanna's youngest and so he promised to keep the daughters died of small pox. Seecharge. ing all these misfortunes befalling him, people remarked, "See you The Conversion of Buchanna. In have become a Christian and thereconclusion let me tell you some- fore you are having all these thing of the conversion of this troubles," and the good-hearted Buchanna and his family. Buchanna answered them, "Let anything happen ! as for me and A decade ago Buchanna and his my family, we will never forsake family were staunch Hindus who Christ; and we do believe that He observed Hindu customs to the let- too will never leave us because He ter, and despisep Christianity and has a strong grip on our hand. its adherents. Though he was a Therefore nothing can separate us man of substance, trouble arose be- from the love of Christ." May tween him and the village head- God bless his family and use them man in connection with land which as real shining Christians for the was taken away from him unlaw- glory of His Kingdom. fully. He spent hundreds of rupees to get back this lost property but By words and works we can but touch without success. He went to the a few; by our prayers we may benefit village authorities but they could the whole world, and every individual, not do anything. Lastly he ap- high and low, friend, stranger, and enproached our Christian people who emy. received him and satisfied his phys- J. H. Newman.

"DAR NAAMA," ALGIERS-MISS TROTTER'S R001ll WITH OPEN

LILIAS TROTTER OF ALGIERS* BY ISABELLE IlIAY O N THE wall of the long nar- mission household, but for all the row Arab room in Algiers, missionaries of the district and for where Miss Trotter was con- many visitors from regions beyond, fined by illness for the last four who stopped for a day or more on years of her life, were written their way to and from the homethese lines: lands. They found their way to the suburb of EI Biar and to the For while the tired waves, slowly break- little door in the long gray wall ing, under the tall cypress tree that marks the entrance to the rambling Seem here no painful inch to gain, gardens of Dar Naama (House of For back, through creeks and channels Grace). 'l'his is an old Arab pi- rate's palace which was given to making, Miss Trotter some years ago and Comes, silent, flooding in, the main. which has become the headquarters of the Algiers Mission Band. They express the faith and vision which prevented that room Those verses tell the expectation from being, what it might have that filled Miss Trotter's heart with seemed to many, the prison cell of hope during forty years of her misan active spirit, .and made it in- sionary service in Algeria. They stead the center of life and inspi- tell also of the long years of paration not only for her large It'';;.f • Miss Trotter, who went out to Africa In ell asleep iii Christ on the 27th of last 277

tient endurance and slow, persist- heavens." God in His faithfulness ent effort by which that hope was marvelously answered that prayer, strengthened. Forty years ago not all at once but little by little, when Miss Trotter and her friends, until she could say: "the doors are Miss Hayworth and Miss Freeman, open, the hearts are open and first began their pioneer work, we wait and look for the open they did not go out to a well es- heavens." tablished mission and they were not welcomed either by the Arabs, This little mission band, comnor yet by the French, who were posed at first of a mere handful of the rulers of the country and who women driven from place to place by ill-concealed and often open op- LILIAS TROTTER IN HER YEARS OF position, has grown to a well or- ILLNESS ganized mission with committees in Europe and in the United States alone could give these women the and thirty-four men and women authority to preach and to distrib- workers on the field, with helpers ute the Word of God. The Arabs of four nationalities who are welconsidered them infidels to be comed by Arab men, women and shunned and hated, the French at children in seventeen outstations. first thought them spies to be In the cities and towns where the watched, if not driven out of the missionaries are settled they now country. These three ladies re- own most of the houses where they mained and followed the injunc- live and hold their classes for boys tion of the Lord to His apostles; and girls. There is also a conwhen rejected in one place, they stantly enlarging work of itineramoved on to another, content for tion in villages of the mountains awhile, with tents for shelter and and the plains and even in the camels for transportation. desert cities of the Sahara with· their hitherto unreached popula- In those early days Miss Trotter tions. It is in this itinerating that and her companions used to pray one is increasingly aware of the for "open doors, open hearts, open immense change of attitude in the hearts of the people. Nowadays it is no uncommon thing for the missionaries to come home with a car emptied of its load of Christian literature which has been given away and, with all the Scriptures, sold for what, to an Arab, repre- sents no small outlay of money. Truly the "doors are open" and the "hearts are open."

There is response to the preach- ing of Jesus Christ, the Son of God as the Saviour of the world and of this and that Arab soul in particu- lar. A few even openly confess Him, although among these people the acceptance of Christ is consid- ered a cursed thing, deserving pun-

LILIAS TROTTER OF ALGIERS

ishment by death. Any open stand seemed to delight, and also of the for Christ means the willingness events of the day, small and great. and often the necessity to part with all that has been held most dear Three outstanding quailities in and sacred. We cannot wonder be- her character might be mentioned: cause hitherto the open response her hospitality, her understanding has been comparatively meagre. of young people, and her practical It behooves us to continue in pray- spirituality. We had an abundant er that in very deed the "heavens share of her hospitality and saw may be opened" for the Holy Spir- it exercised toward many others. it alone can bring to a Moham- She lived in an old Arab house of medan or any other heart a some fifty-five rooms which lent conviction of its need of a Saviour itself to such a virtue, but her who is Christ the Lord. heart was bigger than her house imd it was not only the quantity SOME ALGIERIAN CHILDR!'lN WON BY THE MISSION BAND Miss Trotter died "in faith, not but the quality of her hospitality having received the promises" for that was so striking. When a her dear Arabs but having seen friend was taken acutely ill in a them and greeted them from afar. hotel in Algiers and considered go- For herself she richly entered into ing to the English hospital there, the fulfillment of God's promises. Miss Trotter entreated this friend Noone could enter her room, which to come and be nursed in her home. she never left during the last four years, without being conscious of How few people of advancing her radiant presence and of God's years can keep in touch with young presence within her. Miss Trotter people, especially in these days kept to the last a broad and sym- when standards and ideas seem to pathetic outlook on life and talked change over night! There again of many things, not only of God and His work but of the flowers Miss Trotter excelled. Perhaps she of the fields, unusually varied in did not follow or even know about North Mrica, and in which she the latest trend of thought among them but she knew that young mis- sionaries needed recreation from

confining tasks, constant confidence cal and dared to face facts. She in their desire to serve their Lord, absolutely refused to have anything despite temporary clouds of home- written about her work that might sickness and discouragement, and, give a false impression as to reabove all, loving understanding of heart and these she gave to them sults. Near the close of her life in amazing abundance. on earth she said, "we are now looking for the open heavens," feel- As for the last trait, it has ever ing that this crowning of faithful marked the saints of God. Miss labor must soon come. Trotter had it in no small degree. She was essentially spiritual. No No one has taken Miss Trotter's one could see visions and dream place. "There came a man sent dreams better than Miss Trotter. from God" may be said of many a She inspired others in that line. man and woman whom God has Yet she was also intensely practi- sent out to prepare His way among the nations.

A THIRSTY LAND AND GOD'S CHANNELS * A Parable by Miss Trotter I N OUR northern lands a water- that cluster among the cliffs and course shews out as the richest bastions, where the plateau breaks green of the meadowland, brok- down to the desert. Trace the gully en by a ripple and a glimmer and upwards till it is but a trench, and a glitter through reeds and ferns you will probably find that it starts and moss. with a scooped-out hollow in the gravel, no more than a couple of Not such are the African water- feet across, holding a pool that courses and not such are God's shews a bubble now and then. In counterparts in the spiritual king- that pool lies the source of life for dom. Out here you can detect the the oasis below. Will it win its channel by the clue that it will be way? the barest of bare places-sunbleached rounded stones, stretch- ·The water begins by grooving ing across a plain, or a deep-cut that trench at the lowest level that gully, winding among the table- it can find, and it seeks all the time lands that bound the Sahara to the to make that level lower still. Gennorth. The nearer the time of the tly it chisels and undermines, first water floods among the hills, the more sterile they will look. "I will on one side of its bed, then on the cause the rain to come down in other, carrying away all the soil his season," that is the promise: that it loosens. And as the stream the season for that outpouring is works downward and ever downwhen the apricot color of the dried- ward, the flow grows stronger, reup grass has faded to yellow gray ceiving fresh infilling by little under the summer scorching. rivulets from the heights above, and these supplies only serve to But summer and winter you will lower the depth of the chasm. see in those barren waterways a supply going down to the oases Further on the chasm becomes a gorge; the cliffs that it has hewn • From the A. M. B. magazine, The Thir8tV asunder stand back, and the stream Land. suddenly finds a cluster of young

A THIRSTY LAND AND GOD'S CHANNELS

ONE OF MISS TRO~'~'ER'S SKETCIIES-OUED SOUl" OASES palm trees on its shore, then an- Have we read the lesson as we other and another. A few hundred went along, as the Arab children yards more, and the watercourse do when we tell them a story? If has reached the meaning of the God has brought us inwardly by lonely path, the stripping bare, the that path of the water courses, it ever deepening emptiness. For the will need no explanation. last sweep has sent it forth into the glory of its mission. Away But others there may be, to beyond stretch thousands upon whom it will be a new view of the thousands of palm trees, waiting meaning of being "channels only" -words sung so easily and with for the treasure that it has brought so little thought of what may be down. The power of the water, involved. and the laying low of the channel -between them they have opened For many a one begins the quest this gateway. "Thou didst cleave for the Promise of the Father with the earth with Thy river.s." dim comprehension and mingled motives. Hopes lie in the direction Even now the waterway is as of becoming successful workers, bare as ever; it has widened into always going about with a satisa bed of shingle, holding a stream factory sense of capacity for any that hardly needs stepping stones task, and of fitness for any rewhereby to cross it, for it has been sponsibility, any emergency. "All tapped farther up in the gorge for that would be very delightful," as the supply of the higher slopes of Bishop Wilkinson said once, "only the palm gardens, and here, below, it i~ not God's way." Instead of it sinks under the earthen banks being a life of conscious power, it and vitalises the lower stretches. will probably, if He is going to do When the oasis is left behind, the any deep work in us, be a path of water and its channel vanish to- humiliation, of stripping, of emptigether: no trace can be seen of ness, where no flesh may glory in one or of the other in the waste His presence. beyond-only the work that they have wrought remains. For the way of God with us is as the way of the water courses.

MISSION

SOME interesting and impor- Darby Fulton, Miss Anna V. Rice, tant trends noted and actions and Mrs. F. I. Johnson. taken at the Foreign Missions Conference last January, are noted *** in the Conference Bulletin: The American members of the "Foreign Mission Giving During Committee of the International the Last Twenty-five Years," shows Missionary Council are Dr. Ralph that although the contributions for church work have rapidly increased E. Diffendorfer, Dr. James H. in the last ten years, most of this Franklin, Miss Helen B. Calder, increase has gone into church Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, Hon. Newbuilding in this country and the ton W. Rowell, Prof. K. S. Latouramount of giving for foreign mis- ette and Dr. Robert E. Speer. sion work has actually fallen off in the last five or six years. * * '"

*** The Committee of the Interna- tional Missionary Council is to The number of foreign mission- meet in Williamstown next July ary candidates being recruited is and will make a special study of far below that of former years. the financial support of indigenous College students are raising many questions about the administration churches. Inquiries will be sent of missions and the wisdom and to the secretaries of the North American mission boards and it is hoped that they will cooperate fully in making this a fruitful study.

advisability of carrying our re- '" * '" ligion to other countries. The theological colleges in Great *** Britian are showing a deep inter- The officers of the Foreign Mis- est in the statement of the Chrissions Conference for 1930 are Miss Helen B. Calder, Chairman; Dr. tian Message ado pte d by the E. W. Smith, First Vice-Chairman; Jerusalem meeting and a call has Dr. D. R. Drummond, Second Vice- been issued by the Archbishop of Chairman; Mr. Leslie B. Moss, York for a conference of represent- Mr. Milton T. Stauffer, Secretaries; atives of these theological faculties Dr. George E. Epp, Recording Sec- to be held in York on April 2 and retary; Mr. James M. Speers, 3 to consider (1) The Modern Christian Apologetic; (2) The Treasurer; Mr. W. Henry Grant, Content and Method of Religious Mr. F. P. Turner, Honorary Sec- Education; and (3) The Relation retaries. of Christianity to Industrialism.

'" '" '" *** The new members of the Com- It was voted that the Missionary mittee of Reference and Counsel Research Library accept the hoselected are Dr. Mills J. Taylor, pitality of Union Theological Sem- Mrs. F. J. McConnell, Dr. H. E. inary, New York City, and be re- Stillwell, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Rev. moved to Broadway and 120th A. B. Parson, Dr. J. E. East, Dr. Street. It is expected that all es- John R. Mott, Dr. J. R. Edwards, sential elements in the present Rev. B. Willis Beede, Dr. E. F. service of the library will be con- Bell, Prof. K. S. Latourette, Dr. tinued in the new headquarters.

282

FOREIGN MISSION POINTERS

Resolutions: on China Famine Governments of the United States Relief-Cabled advice from the and of the Dominion of Canada. … … … National Christian Council of China confirms information re- Relationship with the Federation ceived from other quarters of the of Woman's Boards of Foreign grave famine situation confronting Missions: (1) An action authorlarge areas of China. While pre- izing election of the President of vented by constitutional provision the Woman's Federation as a memfrom endorsing any particular or- ber of the Committee of Reference ganization, we believe that the need and Counsel was approved. (2) of immediate relief is so urgent as That the following committees of to justify an appeal to the Ameri- the two organizations hold joint can public during the winter and meetings from time to time for the spring of 1929 to supplement the furtherance of cooperative plans efforts being made by the Chinese and activities: Home Cultivation, to meet the present emergency. Christian Literature, the Encour- … … … agement of Prayer, the Prepara- o n Int~rnational Treaties- tion of Missionaries, and Foreign Whereas four international treaties Students. … … …

have been referred by the Presi- dent of the United States to the The budget of $59,330 was Senate for its approval, namely- adopted including an item of $20,- 000 for the International Mission- The Convention Revising the Gen- ary Council. In addition to the regular budget approval was given eral Act of Berlin and the General to a contingent additional budget Act of Brussels, signed at St. Germain, September 10, 1919; the of $7,000 for the International Convention relating to the Liquor Missionary Council, expenditure Traffic in Africa, signed at St. Germain September 10, 1919; The to be made only as the necessary Convention on the International income is assured. Trade in Arms, signed at Geneva, … … …

June 17, 1925; and the Slavery The Home Mission Council has Convention, signed at Geneva, Sep- agreed to recommend that all detember 25, 1926, and Whereas these nominations observe a Rural Life treaties are important internation- Sunday each year on the Fifth Sunal agreements for the welfare of day after Easter. The Foreign the people in Africa and in other Missions Conference also recom- lands, and Whereas the Revising mends to the Boards that they Convention includes guarantees of bring to the attention of their con- religious liberty and missionary stituent communions the observ- freedom in Africa, therefore, re- ance of the day, that sermons be solved, that this Conference recom- preached on the theme of a Gospel mend to all the Boards that they for the millions of people in the give ear I y attention to these rural areas of the world, and that treaties with a view to the taking prayers be offered not only for the of such action as each Board may fruits of the soil, but also for the deem advisable in order to arouse husband-man himself, his wife and public opinion in support of the his household and for all rural life ratification of these treaties by the and work.

NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL

INDIA AT MADRAS BY K. T. PAUL, Calcutta, India Indian National Oouncil of th_ Y. M. o. A.

n ./ MID a population of three hun- The Younger and Older Churches dred and twenty million, a It is significant that the term Christian community of five "Mission and Church" so familiar millions scattered over a sub-conti- through many decades was disnent may sound thin, but with all its defects the quality is out of all placed for a few years by "Send- ing and Receiving Churches," proportion to the quantity, an? it ~s well realized that the quantity IS which at Jerusalem, definitely gave place to the new term "The Youngincreasing at such a rapid rate that it is a continual fight to maintain er and Older Churches." The Christian Church is one and its the standard of quality. Furthermore, there are nearly five thou- different parts need the help of one sand missionaries and millions of another. The N. C. C. made an money come from abroad to sup- advance on Jerusalem in working port scores of colleges, thousands out the implications of it to definite of schools, numerous hospitals, and conclusions, as to the opportunities many other forms of service to the that should be made available to Indian Christians and in the atmillions of Indians who are with- tempt to analyze the "self support" out as well as to those who are within the Christian Church. In problem. The N. C. C. accepted the invitation of the British Conthe "N. C. C." (National Christian Council) which meets every second ference of Missionary Societies year, the Christian enterprise in that a mission be sent from India India is best visualized in its many to Britain,- not for deputating in the interests of the missionary aims and varied problems. An enlarged meeting of the enterprise, but definitely to carry a spiritual message from the Council was called in order that Younger Church in India to the the great work of Jerusalem might be vitally and authoritatively re- Older Church across the ocean. lated to India. When this idea was first brought up at Jerusalem it was very thrill- India is the one country in the ing to us Orientals. At the same world where the Christian enter- time it seemed a pious hope not prise faces the greatest historic re- to be realized in our day. ligions – Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism-as also a powerful ex- Education is the fundamental pression of modern scientific ma- process on which so many branches terialism. Here, more than any- of mission work depend in modern where else, is the profound sig- times. In India where the Chrisnificance of the Jerusalem message tian enterprise has peculiar responrealized in its full implications. sibilities-to a proletariat church The Jerusalem "Call" to non-Chris- on the one side and a high-browed tian religions is in a peculiarly real non-Christian intelligentsia on the sense a call to India. other-the study of education is 284 of indispensable importance. In methods now employed for the soa former generation mi~sions pio- lution of the rural problems and to neered "higher education" in In- help toward the adoption of the dia; in this generation similar successful ones widely over India. privilege has been given unto mis- It is significant that before the N. sions to pioneer a type of "rural C. C. broke up it invited to the education" worthy of the name. position of its chief secretary (as The Council found it possible to successor to Dr. N. Macnicol) a emphasize· the enormous impor- man whose chief qualification is tance of the right kind of education his success as a rural worker, the to India. Miss McDougal of the Rev. Z. Hodge of Motihari. We Women's Christian College, Ma- may well forecast that a large part dras, led the debate. The godless of his time will be given to the education hitherto obtaining in In- rural problem. dia, inevitable when the State is run by a power which is bound to be neu- Closely allied to this is the mass tral, will now apparently give place movement problem. It was underto something which implants reli- stood that to a mission which has gion into the curriculum, at all the care of a large mass-movement events into the life of the schools church, the "Rural Reconstrucand colleges. The secularistic tend- tion" program (strictly so called) ency is best combated in that way. will be primarily, in many cases Moreover the practical problems even exclusively applied to the will be–what to teach, who should Christian community. As for the teach and how to teach. Personal other missions which have no such and social ethics, as also devotion- responsibility rural service will, al and religious exercises of all like higher education or medical sorts will perforce come under re– view. This and other problems so relief, be a form of the presentation vital in every way to the shepherd- of Christ and His salvation to the ing of the flock within as well as non-Christians in concrete human to the presenting of the Christ to terms. those without, will now go before the Provincial Councils and their Conclusion constituents with a fresh appeal and insistence. Dr. John R. Mott It was quite clear that India has met a special Conference on edu- taken Jerusalem very seriously and cation at Agra, at the end of Janu- is addressing itself to respond to ary, to carry the matter further. its various messages conscientious- ly and with vigor. Every such Rural Problems response will be well considered and subjected to thorough study; The council had before it the re- but there was little doubt that the port of the Royal Commission on Jerusalem Conference was most timely. Agriculture, and the recommendations of a special conference which The N. C. C. has never lacked had taken place the previous week the presence of Indians of first at Coimbatore in a thoroughly class leadership. This is natural rural setting. The whole time serv- as the personnel is picked from all ices of an officer of the N. C. C., was asked to study the various India. It was abundantly clear that the work of the Kingdom in India was already substantially passing under the guidance of Indians, men and women.

Of THE

ANTI-CHRISTIAN MISSIONS until the Reformation when a new awakening from within brought a re- T HE Christian Church is not the turn to the Founder's ideals and teach- only organization conducting ac- ings. Since then Christianity has tive propaganda along religious spread over Europe, North, Central lines. It has often been said that and South America and Australia. It there are only three missionary reli- has penetrated Africa, the islands of gions seeking to win the world to their the sea and has become established faith-Buddhism, Islam and Chris- in every part of Asia except Afghan- tianity. Each is driven by an im- istan and Tibet. In some lands the peIling and propelling motive and is followers of Christ are few and still following an ideal and is propagating weak; in other lands they have back- the teachings and example of the slidden and opponents declare that founder. Buddhism arose in India Christianity itself and all religion five hundred y:ears before Christ as must be replaced by a rationalistic a reform movement and, after a grad- materialism and a rejection of all su- ual growth in the land of its birth, pernatural religion.

sent out its missionaries to other lands There is today in America and Eu- until it spread over India, Ceylon, Bur- rope a strong propaganda in favor of rna, Tibet, Siam, China, Korea and Atheism. Having its rise in Europe, Japan. But it became static and, in where nominal Christians gained pow- spite of much truth, has been decay- er and used it in oppression, many ing through lack of a living leader who never knew the true character and a living message and a dynamic. and power of God as revealed in Jesus Islam arose in Arabia some six hun- Christ became bitterly antagonistic to dred years after Christ as a refonn His Church. Revolution brought a movement and after conquering the lust for the exercise of power and home land spread to Persia, Mesopo- the establishment of an atheistic so- tamia, Turkestan, Afghanistan, Syria, cialism in Russia has stimulated a de- Turkey, North Africa, Southwestern sire to spread this doctrine over the and Southeastern Europe, India, Ma- whole world. The leaders are mislead laysia, the Philippines and into China. into seeing in all religion a means of This religion depended largely on ruling through fear of an all powerful physical force and material induce- and invisible God. These see clearly ments to spread its sway. Today 1s- that there is "no concord between lam is static and is losing power in Christ and Belial." There must be the lands where it has long held sway. continual conflict between those who Only among the primitive peoples of believe in God and His laws and those Africa is it still making large prog- who seek to establish a state based ress. on materialistic atheism. The propa- Christianity arose in Palestine and ganda of these anti-Christian, anti- in spite of fierce persecution, its in- religious communists has spread in fluence spread through spiritual Europe and Asia, it has nearly preaching, through Syria, Asia Minor, wrecked China and is seeking to en- North Africa and Europe. The sup- trench itself in North and South port of earthly monarchs led to ma- America. By subtle appeals to fair terial advance but spiritual weakness, play and rationalistic philosophy an 286

'l'OPICS OF THE TIMES

effort is made to win students and The Communist Party in the United nominal Christians to their standard. States must mark the way for the strug- Revolutionary communism is scatter- gle with Imperialism. ing its literature and proclaiming its doctrines, with high sounding soph- Still clearer evidence of the bold istries, especially among the foreign atheistic propaganda in America is born in all the large cities and manu- seen in the activities of the American facturing centers of America. Lavish Association for the Advancement of promises are made of a new freedom Atheism, the secretary of which has from poverty, war, governments and even been invited to debate in some the domination of the present capital- churches and forums under so-called ists, politicians and intelligencia. Christian auspices. A leaflet handed out freely in one of the New York This atheistic communism is as mis- churches, that is seeking to serve the sionary in its spirit and program as foreign born population, contains the any religion. There is more passion- f o l l o w i n g 'x- : ate devotion than in many Christians. They are seeking to win the world- The Central Committee of the All Rusand then they promise peace and pros- sian Communist Party (of the Bolsheperity. The speech of one propagan- viki) decided that the most important dist recently set forth their spirit and task at hand for the party must be the their aims as folIows*: most attentive consideration of the prob- lems on the program of the VI Congress, It is very important to pay attention and the most important question of that to the Philippine Islands situated in the program for the Communist Internaneighborhood of China, with the revolu- tional is the militant demand, the fight tionary movement in China and Indo- against religion. Asia. The American Communist Party must send its members to carryon this In this regard the program of the work. Communist International is considering the problem in a clear-cut Leninist way. Latin America is one of the most important bases of American Imperialism, The Communist International declares the fight with which will be carried on as the task of its program, the demand under the slogan of the united anti-im- of its program a war against religion, a perialistic front, although the unity of war which is systematic and unflinching. Latin America in the sense of a Federa- It could not be otherwise. tion of Latin States is impossible ….. . I consider also that the revolution in The Communist International could Mexico is not over, and that in fact the not accomplish its task if it did not devery center of the struggle with North clare a merciless war against religion American Imperialism lies in Mexico. and churches, against this "opium of the people," against this "agency of the rul- At present the fundamental problems ing classes and the imperialistic clique." of the Communist Party consist in the following; to draw the workers into the There is only one Power that can Anti-Imperialistic struggle; to unveil stem the tide of this atheistic propapacifism mercilessly; to win the active ganda of misguided leaders. That is cooperation of the workers of America the power of God. If the followers with colonial and semi-colonial masses, of Jesus Christ are inspired by His combining the struggle of negroes with spirit, if we will speak and live and the anti-imperialistic fight in Hayti, San work in harmony with His life and Domingo, etc. Also, the drawing of the teachings, showing His patience, His small bourgeoisie into our Anti-Imperial- love, His sacrificial devotion to the istic movement. Also, we must make good of our fellow men, then· all the contact with the natives of Latin Amer- weapons and attacks of the enemies ica in the United States, and organize a will crumble to ashes. Preaching the section of the All America Anti-Imperial- truth is good; scattering the Word istic League in the United States . …. . of God is a means of planting living Labor Temple, 14th and 2d Ave., New seed; but the history of Christian York City, January 12, 1929 (see Daily propaganda at home and in every land Worker, January 14th). under the sun clearly proves that the .. By Conrade Gomez (U. S. A.), printed in .. TranslntE'd from Bczbogcnik 00 Stanker Pravada, the organ of the Executive Committee (The Atheist fit His Bench), Moscow, 1928. of tbe Communistic Party, Moscow, August 25, 1028.

spoken and written Word must be vi- which was ratified on February 11, tally linked with consistent Christ- 1929, between the Quirinal and the empowered living and unselfish service Vatican whereby a new State is cre- if there are to be abiding and wide- ated in Italy, a state of which the spread results. The history of Jesus Pope is sovereign. It is the smallest Christ Himself, of Paul and John the independent state in the world, com- Apostles, of Augustine and Jerome, prising only 105 acres or less than of Henry Martyn and Robert Moffat, one-sixth of a square mile, with a of Hudson Taylor and Fidelia Fiske, population of 500 people-practically of Adoniran Judson and Eliza Agnew, a childless state.

and of multitudes of others of all Both the Italian Government and nations and tongues and peoples prove the Vatican claim to be the gainers that the Gospel of Jesus Christ lov- by the new treaty. Premier Mussolini ingly proclaimed, united with Christ- and the Fascisti gain the allegiance like life and service are invincible and of the dominant and powerful Church win against all opposition. Pray for in the effort to make united Italy a the misguided anti-Christian mission- great world power. A constant cause aries and for those who are seeking of friction is removed and the Pope to overcome evil with good by reveal- becomes a defender of the State. On ing the true nature of God and the the other hand, the "Holy See" gains Gospel of Ohrist. recognition of its sovereign power; its "canon law" is recognized as the THE VATICAN'S TEMPORAL law of the land; the Pope is no long- KINGDOM er a self-imprisoned monarch but a FIVE hundred years ago the Pope free and ruling prince; the Church receives $37,500,000 cash and $50,- of Rome ruled a large part of 000,000 government bonds in settle- Europe. He made kings and de- ment of its claims; the power and posed kings. The laws of the Church prestige of the Vatican is greatly enhad more authority than the laws of hanced and it is possible that many emperors. As the so-called vicegerent nations will exchange accredited amof God on earth, the Pope sought to bassadors with the Vatican. rule the earth. Gradually he lost his The effect of this new alliance and empire. The Reformation aroused the re-creation of a Papal State canmany of his subjects to the need for not as yet be clearly foreseen. It is reform and to the danger of commit- a step in line with the ambition of ting their conscience to human con- the Vatican and many regard it as trol or of blindly following any human preparing for the fulfilment of prophautocrat, especially in matters of faith. ecy. There seems to be little doubt In 1870 the last of the Papal State that the recognition of the Pope as was included in the unified Italy and a temporal sovereign will strengthen the Pope's temporal power as an in- the Church of Rome and will enhance dependent sovereign was ended. For the prestige of the Vatican in all sixty years the Vatican has never ac- lands. It may also increase the tempcepted this situation and has been out tation to corruption and the abuse of of joint with the Italian Government. power-as has been true in the past. The Pope has refused to leave the The safeguard of the Church is its Vatican territory because he would absolute dependence on God and on not be received as an independent spiritual power and methods for its sovereign. conquests rather than on human alli- An event of great significance is ances or on material wealth and or- seen in the treaty of reconciliation ganization.

fOR WORKD

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New York FINANCE METHODS of each oncoming generation of Chris- How to Make the Budget Live for tians to maintain and extend the work the Giver and How to Help the already begun.

Church Raise the Budget The first is largely a matter of in- WE BELIEVE that church budgets spiration, based on a belief in the should be carried through the transcendence of Jesus; a knowledge practice of the stewardship of posses- of the conditions under which the sions. However, as yet we have not peoples of the world live, and the at- tractiveness of the method used in getattained to that high level of church ting the funds into the treasury. finance and so we seem to require helps to care for the budget. Although we These three factors may he exemplihave not attained, let us press on fied as follows: toward the true goal. In the near 1. Inspiration Based on an Appreciafuture an entire issue of this depart- tion of the Supremacy of Jesus ment will he devoted to Christian Stewardship as the supreme financial Unless Christianity holds some re- method. deeming and transforming power which the other religions of the world The following methods have been do not, why should we bother to in- troduce it into the nations? The tried out in a large number of hearts of the people of the world are hungry for God. They want to know churches and groups of churches. One who has power on earth to for- Thousands of dollars have been pro- give sins. We have such a One in Jesus. Wherever He has gone He has duced as a definite result of their use transformed lives and lifted race's. This is the testimony of the highest where dollars had previously seemed type of men of every nation where impossible to obtain. In working out Christ is known.

a budget the unit, which is the in- More than a theoretical knowledge of this, however, is necessary if we dividual giver, must continually be are to get the desired results. There kept in mind. It takes less time to is no particular advantage in refining handle it en masse, but is it not high iniquities or in "culturing" sins. The deeper the conviction that these can time for us who are working with be overcome and blotted out by a Dibudgets in Boards and local churches vine Power the more effective and to si~ down to the task of quietly, labonously and prayerfully working out our financial cultivation plans with Mr. Brown and JMenrsn.ieWGhrietee~ and Jimmie Yellow and as their unit center? '

THE LURE OF GIVING abiding will be the desire to reveal By F. I. JOHNSON, S.T.D., New York this Power to the ends of the earth. Without this vital faith in a Living There is a double privilege always Lord there will be no lure to sending before the church. First, of securing our gospel to other lands. No lure r.ea~y funds ~or initiating and estab- from over there, and no urge from hshmg the Kmgdom of God through- within. Back of all else must be an out the world; Second, the education appreciation of the efficiency of Jesus.

4 289

2. Iaspiration Ba.sed on Knowledge Would you like some good stories to use in your church? Write the of Conditions Missionary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York; or to This knowledge of conditions should your own denominational publishing be brought frequently to both old and house, or to Fleming H. Revell, 158 young in every Christian church. Fifth Avenue, New York, and tell them what age you want the stories It is not necessary that everyone for. who is asked to contribute to a world program shall have a minute knowl- 3. Making Methods Attractive edge of all the countries of the world, interesting as this might be. It is (1.) Making the Cause Live: There necessary that some knowledge shall have been many plans for increasing be had of the life of the people and the interest of givers. One plan has the conditions under which they live. been· to connect a local church with a missionary, a native church, a min- Remember, we are now discussing ister or a native student on the field, the quick process for getting results, so that there would be a living bond rather than slower educational meth- between the home church and the inods. The life of the people and the dividual or institution in some foreign conditions under which they live can land. The plan is too limited in its be briefly presented in the "Short possibilities to reach more than a small Story." .The mission fields are full fraction of the church. of them; we have not gathered a tithe of the crop. The short story interests, The need today is rather for an informs and inspires. Every commu- individual interest that will reach the nity has its school-teacher, its college entire membership. The support of or high school scholar, its pastor, or a missionary appeals to the few who professional man or woman who can are capable of giving in relatively soon learn to tell a story. Short large amounts: but What we need is stories are enjoyed by everybody from to interest the nearly seventy per cent the little child who lisps "tell me a who are making no direct contribu· toie" to the old man who is wearied tion to benevolent work. They also by many a sermon, but wakens up should have the privilege of doing an when a living illustration if:! given. individual and resl piece of work, even Stories are appropriate everywhere, though their individual gifts are not in the kindergarten, the young peo- sufficiently large to support a missionples society and even in the pulpit. ary or a church in the foreign field. This can be done by making the in- "The children of the world are wis- dividual units of work sufficiently er than the children of light." They small and interesting so that every have discovered the value of the short one may be responsible for a definite story. More than a score of short thing. story magazines have recently sprung into existence. They are sold by the By way of illustration :-The budgmillion. The generation of young peo- et in one of the denominations for its ple is saturating itself with them. foreign work approaches $4,000,000. Even the older men and women, who There is not much enthusiasm enrarely ever read a book, 'pore over gendered in the average member who these stories evenings and Sundays. thinks he can give only a dollar or The radio broadcasts them to rapt two, when he contemplates four millisteners. The stories are not always lion dollars. It is a rather abstract helpful, but they are interesting. proposition anyhow. The feeling is "my little dollar, or two dollars, will The church should search for, read not add much to this great sum, and and utilize the stories of its victories will not be missed if I do not give it." in all lands. Their heroism is unsur- So there is no warmth to the proposipassed; their inspiration brings rich results.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

A NEW CHURCH AND ITS CONGREGATION, KANGNUNG, KOREA A SUNDAY SCHOOL AT CHUNGKING, CHINA

tion, and about seventy out of every the method of giving to each group, hundred excuse themselves from sup- and to make it attractive. porting this prime objective of the church. Begin with the infant department. These children are not supposed to Let us analyze this four million dol- have a deep sense of moral responsilar budget which looks so big and so bility, but they are interested in beauabstract. tiful things.

We find that this denomination has After telling some story or showing 327,564 full members in its mission them picture cards of the children of fields. That an average contribution other lands, instead of saying "now of two dollars for each one of these children, bring your pennies next Sun- (in addition to what these members day to send the Gospel to these poor gather together themselves) will carry heathen," give each one an envelope our end of the financial responsibility that has some color on it, some life, for a year in giving them the Gospel. so that they will want to preserve it, will think about it during the week, Similarly there are 349,922 prepara- and will enjoy bringing it back the tory members in these same fields. next Sunday full of coins they have Two dollars for each one of these will saved or collected during the week. continue the Christian ministrations There is no adequate reason why for them, providing what they cannot bright and cheerful accessories should supply. ' not be used in connection with all church work. There are 472,527 Sunday-school pupils. Three dollars each for these For the older groups a more digniwill provide them with the literature fied, but no less attractive receptacle and other necessary equipment for should be used, such as a coin card, or continuing in the Sunday-school for a small purse. a year. Divide the approximate cost of the Taking the other types of work also support of a member, a preparatory we get the following formula: member or a Sunday-school pupil in the mission field into as many parts 327,564 full members at $2 •…•• $655,128 as there are missionary days in the 349,992 Preparatory at $2 ..••… 699,984 year. 472,527 S.-S. pupils at $3 …••.• 1,417,581 Some schools will have missionary 75,284 in grade schools at $10 •• 752,840 day only once a quarter. Others will 11,301 in High School at $20 .,. 226,020 have such a day every month. If it 276,900 is once a quarter fifty cents each time a,a38 in college 0' above at $50 164,990 from an individual will care for a 16,499 Medical "in" patients at $10 168.825 member over there for a year; or 33,765 Medical "out" patients at $5 380,264 seventy-five cents will keep a pupil in 380,264 Dispensary cases at $1 .. Sunday-school for a year. If mission- ary day is once a month divide the Total ..••………….. ,… $4,742,532 total amount into twelve parts, and let them bring one-twelfth each time. Now tell your interesting story of evangelistic work, the Sunday-school, Why not use simple but attractive the day school, or the hospital. Even devices like coin cards or decorated the children rise to the ambition to purses or other attractive receptacles? take one individual out there and care Great institutions like savings banks for him. And many older ones will and building and loan associations, want to care for several. While min- whose funds run into the millions use istering to one individual in this fash- these devices for making it easy for ion the interest in all is maintained. people to bring their money in. Should AND THE INTEREST IN MISSIONARY not the church be as wise as the WORK DOES NOT EVAPORATE IF ONE "children of the world"? STUDENT, ONE PREACHER OR ONE BIBLE WOMAN DROPS OUT, because each giver is interested in all.

(2.) Making it easy to give. With the present organization of churches and Sunday-schools it is easy to adapt

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THE FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL, ANGOLA, AF1RICA ON HER WAY TO THE HOSPITAL IN A CHINESE AMBULANCE

Interesting Adult Men disease. Even the reindeer on the reserves were herded together and If international peace, fellowship shot. The epidemic cost the governand equity are to obtain in the world ment and the farmers of the west it will be because of missionary propa- millions of dollars. Where did the ganda. Not necessarily under the disease come from? A Chinese junk name of missions, but in some way in emptied a bucket of garbage on the which the Christian forces of the California coast. This garbage is said world unite and expand to reach all races. There cannot be much inter- to have held the deadly germs which est created between folks who know started the disease in this country. nothing about each other. The men What farmer whose herd was slaughof our churches have small opportu- tered does not wish that China had nity for familiarizing themselves with had the knowledge by which the disthe other peoples of the world. If ease could have been eradicated over they knew them they would be inter- there? ested in them. Two years ago I sat as one of the We have all seen men's organized guests at the annual patriotic banclasses and clubs arise, flourish over quet of the Methodist Social Union night and disappear. They had no of Boston. At my plate was a beautiadequate objective. Here is an ob- ful silk flag, mounted on a standard jective which is both adequate and more delicate than a toothpick, but attractive. Organize the men into with a gold ball at the top, a complete International Clubs in which the in- miniature of our national standard. terests and conditions of the other My patriotism was stirred. I thought nations of the world are discussed. "there is one thing that is distinctly There is now a wealth of literature ours" even if foreigners are in large on every country of the world. These measure taking over our institutions. clubs can well be interdenominational But as I picked it up and looked at especially in small towns and rurai it I saw a wee tag pasted about the communities. They will thus answer staff, and on it "made in Japan." a double purpose of acquainting the There are many men in America who men with the conditions under which live by commerce who do not know other men and nations live and work that this low wage competition will and will unconsciously break dOWn' be eliminated when the standards of some of the local barriers which sep-. living of the Orient are raised. arate neighboring churches. With the nations as near together Not only is there a volume of litera- as they are today there is no realm of life, political, educational, commercial ture available, but almost every com- or religious that can be safe without reckoning with the conditions which munity has in it, or accessible, some obtain among the other nations of the professor, lawyer, traveler, minister world. The only abiding solution for these perplexing problems is for the or missionary who can bring direct nations to come to know each other and to settle the problems which permessages from one or more foreign plex all, on the basis of Christian brotherhood. countries. We have discussed above, only one There is no normal man in America of the two ~'privileges" mentioned in the first paragraph. The second should who will not be interested in foreign have an equal amount of space for statement-which may be done at ancountries, if he is shown how closely other time.

all are related. .

A few years ago our government had to take radical steps to stamp out the "foot and mouth disease"

which broke out among the cattle and sheep. Many had to be killed and buried in the effort to stamp out the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

MONEY TALKS A clever skit that will uroyoke thought. It will also helD to develop a missionary conscience. (Adapted from The Mi88ionary InteHige"ce,..) The Disappointed Dollars The Happy, Joyous Dollars I wanted to go to China, but a little I'm going to buy twenty New Tesgirl spent me for ice cream and candy. taments for China. I wanted to help preach the Gospel in Africa, but a young man spent me I'm going across the ocean to supon the movies. port a student in a mission school one I wanted to go to Moslem lands to tell of Christ 'but a little boy spent me week in India. – for popcorn and chewing gum. I am going to the Philippines to I was planning to help the ignorant women in India, but a lady spent me help print Christian literature. to go to the theater. I'm on my way to Japan to help run A little girl gave me for missions, but the Church Board borrowed me a Christian kindergarten. for Current Expenses-and didn't pay me back. I will supply Christian books for I wanted to help build a chapel in ten pupils in a day school in India. the Philippines, but a deacon spent me for cigars. I will support a native evangelist An elder had me, and I wanted to for a week in Africa. go to Japan, but the elder said, "A quarter is enough," and put me in his I will pay the rent of a chapel for stuffy old pocketbook. two weeks in South America. Weare so disappointed! We wanted to do some good in the world. We I will give the Mohammedans two are heartbroken because we can't go. Won't you people who love the Lord thousand one leaf tracts in Moslem and love those for whom Christ died be sure next time to put us in the offer- lands. ing, so we can help tell of Jesus all over the world? I will support a boy in an orphan- age for twenty-four days in India.

We are all so happy! We don't know what to do! The boys and girls who had us gave us so gladly that it warmed our hearts. They said, "Good- bye, God bless you." Some of the people prayed about giving us to mis- sions and after he prayed, one man gave one hundred dollars instead of one.

Tho illustrations for the liDollars" to be carried by participauts are suggestive only. Adavt the wording to the character. Change the year 1917 to 1929.

"FQR WHERE YOUR TREAS- to the decision of the court tomorrow. It may be accumulating interest in URE IS" * some safety vault, but when the final call comes and we make the last move, By LILLIAN E. HAYES our earthly possession must be left behind. Our "treasures upon earth" Passing down the street the other are subject to moth and rust and day, a very small child attracted my thieves; our "treasures in Heaven" attention by calling out to the man are increasing in value and can never who was loading the family furniture be destroyed. The Giver of all good in a moving van, "Oh, Mister, please and perfect gifts is waiting to drop put this piece of my dolly in there- into your trembling, out-stretched and be careful and not break it!" I hand gifts which money cannot buy. walked slowly past and had a good Reach out and claim the promise: look at the "piece of dolly"-just a "Ask of me, and I will give thee the head-hair gone, one eye missing, a nations for thine inheritance." tooth out, cracked-but it was the child's dearest treasure. TOOL-TABLE NOTES "There will ~our heart be also." (1) "Thought takes a man out of Somehow, as I walked on, I had a feel- servitude into freedom."-Emerson. ing of uneasiness for the safety of Living books stimulate clear thinking. the "piece of dolly"—of no value what- Have you read "JOHN BROWN'S BODY," ever to big folks, absolutely worthless by Stephen Vincent Benet? -but the dearest possession of the little one. How many worthless treas- (2) By all odds the finest help I ures we older children are clinging to, have seen on how to present the of no account to others, priceless to us; study of Africa, is a booklet, "THE some in which we have invested our NEW AFRICA IN My PARISH," by Wilall, some we have spent time and liam E. Leidt of the National Council, strength to possess. It may be in Protestant Episcopal Church in the your garage tonight, and in the hands United States of America, 281 Fourth of a thief in the morning. It may be Avenue, New York, N. Y., price only on the best corner lot in the city 25c-but $10 would not buy my copy today, and a pile of ashes, or subject unless another could be purchased.

'" From The American Friend.

CHURCH CONTRIBUTIONS IN 1928 The United Stewardship Council reports the following amounts received for benevolences "from living givers" last year. The amounts in the last column include gifts from living givers and also income on permanent funds, legacies, and other sources. Totals include other denominations not listed.

Denomination PER CAPITA GIFTS OongregationaZ Total (]itts for Benevo- Oongre-AZZ Pur- $10,312,726.00 All Purpose.

'en(a~8 gatiQna~ poses Benevolence8 4,150,165.00 $15.826,473.00 4,111,947.00 6,224,783.00 Presbyterian (Soutb) …. $12.40 $23.18 $35.58 lJ5,513,747.00 48,453,787.00 6,011,833.00 United Presbyterian ….. 9.36 23.70 35.55 1,639,382.00 13,289,224.00 Reformed Church in America 8.58 26.34 38.52 1,338,866.00 18,247,450.00 75,054,538.00 Presbyterian, U. S. A. …. 6.21 25.25 39.11 5.163,834.06 17.654,901.00 UIIited Church, Canada .• 6.11 20.83 27.68 11,921,424.00 25.150,524.00 22,368.113.00 3,893,593.00 40,628,013,47 M~!~-:eI~~IhC:~ci.· ':::::. '5.66 ~~:~~ ~~:~~ 79,238,203.00 6,634,343.83 1.2~~:~~n~ 22,056,818.00 33,566,316.85 Baptist, North •.•.•….. 4.39 17.80 23.76 28,125,728.00 46,088,274.32 Protestant Episcopal .. ,.. 5.66 84.11 38,69 6.198,825.00 2,571,425.00 98,758.030.00 Methodist Episcopal ,…. 4.25 19.90 24.81 6,750,340.27 5,348,304.00 28,736,212.00 Congregational ..•••….. 4.07 28.75 80.95 16,910,564,00 16,292,564.77 42,837,697.00 Methodist Episcopal, South 5.34 10.92 16,70 3,779,199.00 5,574,547.00 Brethren …………… 3.93 19.50 23.47 13,768,782.95 1,188,719.00 3,090,372.00 United Brethren in Christ 3.64 13.51 17.51 5,809,569.11 6,930,435.00 Disciples of Christ …… 3.53 10.59 13,97 518,947.00 22,046,263.33 Reformed, United States .. 4.11 15.65 20.11 1,441,131.00 895,654.04 7,161,521.00 Christian ………•….. 8.78 12.39 16.11 5,753,698.56 32,133,481.00 1,539,298.00 Evangelical Synod ……. 2.61 23.46 27.07 1,462,880,00 6,702,967.53 Moravian, North •……. 12.88 48.77 72.53 1,332,206.27 Baptist, South .,…….. 2.09 8.53 10.62 351,613.00 40,038,259.00 646,966.71 236,552.23 7,904,778.00 Total of 25 Denominations $4.52 $17.30 $23.30 $92,3211,715.47 $402,682.961,82 $682,868,714.80

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York MINGLING THE NATIONS IN absorbed attention. International AN ALCHEMY OF LOVE Public Opinion was represented by Perhaps the greatest realm in per- Carrie Chapman Catt and Raymond'

sonal and national life from which T. Rich, while the points of view of Christ has been debarred is that re- the various nations were set forth by gion in which war and war psychology Arthur Bullard, James T. Shotwell, have so long held sway. This is an Reinhold Neibuhr, James McDonald, unevangelized realm in the hearts of Sidney Gulick and Bruce Bliven. At thousands in our own country, a realm other sessions such menaces to world in which the Prince of Peace must be peace as ?ig navies, war chemistry, made known if Christians are to be and war alrplane activity were vividly Christian. It is therefore inevitable and accurately described. The Monroe that the cause of peace between na- Doctrine and the new inter-American tions should be a part of missions. treaties of arbitration and conciliation, Every woman interested in missions recently drawn up by the Pan-Ameriis vitally concerned in the Fourth can Conference in Washington, were Conference on the Cause and Cure of ably presented. War held in Washington, January 14 Through the whole conference ran to 17, 1929, and should be responsible. an undercurrent of deep feeling in re- for the carrying out of the plans made gard to the General Pact for the Re- at that conference. The Federation nunciation of War. On the first mornof Woman's Boards is one of the ten ing of the conference delegates made woman's organizations which compose what might be called a pilgrimage to the National Committee responsible the Senate office building to calion for calling this conference, and for their respective senators and present putting into effect its findings. resolutions from the various states in This conference has gained momen- favor of the pact. More than twelve tum year by year and has come in thousand resolutions were presented this country to be one of the great and it is of interest that the church educational forces for peace. It was group, that is the home and foreign started primarily for the purpose of mission organizations, had sent in the studying seriously the causes of war largest number of resolutions, more and trying to find out the cure of that than four thousand. It was especially evil. auspicious that on that very afternoon The program of the conference this the Senate ratified the Peace Pact, year was divided into two main sub- with only one dissenting voice!

jects; the Present Status of Peace The conference in this its fourth versus War, and What Are the Ob- annual session passed into a new realm stacles to be Removed before the Na- of study and action. Heretofore attions Can Feel Secure Against War? tention has been centered largely up- Speakers who are recognized authori- on war; hereafter the attention of ties were chosen to present the vari- this body will be increasingly upon ous phases of these two subjects and peace, not abstract peace, but peace the methods of presentation were such as an institution. Mrs. Catt, whose as to make the learning process as leadership has meant so much through painless and as satisfying as possible. the years, gave to the conference that For instance one evening there was term "peace institution," as she outan International Conversation to lined the path of future progress.

which the conference listened with The following recommendations 297

from the findings point the way on ANNUAL MEE~INGS the road to peace that the Conference is to follow: OF THE With Mrs. Catt we believe that "the FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF road to peace may be long and difficult but it is straight." FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA We further recommend: and the Foreign Missions Conference 1. That the program for future work at Hotel Statler, Detroit, Michigan, .suggested in Mrs. Catt's message be adopted by the Conference, namely: from January 14 to 18, 1929 a. Support of movements to build up the institution of peace through more The Executive Committee met in complete world agreements and the de- Detroit on January 14, 1929. The velopment of machinery necessary for past year has been characterized by the settlement of international disputes. some significant achievements, and at b. Frank discussion of policies and least two great failures in the life of practices which continue the war insti- the Federation, as the reports of our tution and postpone the building- of the committees will testify. Cooperation peace institution. with other groups of women in the 2. That, inasmuch as it is impossible defence of a great moral issue in our to foresee the specific ways in which the national election, and the campaign above program can best be made effec- for the ratification by our Senate of tive, the Executive Committee be asked the Kellogg Pact are but two of the t? presl!nt to th.e member organizations victories of 1928. tImely mformatIon on which they may act according to their individual pro- The expanding program of the Fedcedures. eration is indicated by the call for 3. That the program of another Con- two more Standing Committees; feren~e, 'Yhile necessarily continuing the changes in the by-laws; the transfer !lxammat~ons o~ the. causes of war, give of responsibility from the former Its attentIOn prImarIly to a consideration Joint Committee on Women's Church of the machinery for peace. and Missionary Federations to the National Commission of Protestant The pact not only has renounced Church Women; the rapid growth of war but also has given peace an of- the World Day of Prayer; the trificial standing in the minds of people umphs of our Union Institutions on throughout the world. Now the in- the Foreign Field; the growing work stitution of peace must be built up. and limitless opportunities of our If that is to be done women must Committee on Christian Literature, needs continue their efforts. They whereby tens of thousands are readmust be informed on international ing His message for the first time in questions and work actively for cer- their own tongue; delightful and eftain definite means of settling inter- fective cooperation with the Internanational disputes. Probably the next tional Missionary Council and the step for the women of this conference Foreign Missions Conference; defiis to understand thoroughly the two nite and valuable research and service treaties signed at the Pan-American by our Student Committees; continued Arbitration Conference which closed cooperation with a score of other na- January 5th and to do everything pos- tional groups in an effort to help sible to see that they are ratified by Christianize all the areas of life; a the Senate. Perhaps the next step growing consciousness and a definite for the reader of this article is to longing for a deeper, more compelling, "highly resolve" to know what these radiant and joyous life of service; for two agreements mean and to work a spirit of adventure, of faith, of courfor their ratification. age in this most glorious enterprise. In other words-Hfor the completion JEAN GRIGSBY PAXTON. of our own conversion."

. "Peace I leave with you, My peace I The discontinuance of Everyland gIve unto you; not as the world giveth because of lack of support. The one give I unto you. Let not your heart be trou.bled, neither let it be afraid."-Jesus ChrUlt.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

and only paper for the development churches a copy of three indispensable of world friendship among the children books for this year: of all nations. Have you not already heard the sob of the children of the 1. "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem"-by world because the January number of Helen Barrett Montgomery, which protheir beloved paper did not come? vides a splendid background for the study of the Jerusalem Findings. There are twenty-five thousand women and girls who failed to invest 2. "Going to Jerusalem"-by Margaret even fifty cents in "Friends of Afri- Applegarth, for Juniors, a fascinating ca"-the official textbook prepared for book for this important group. them by that incomparable author Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie-a book 3. "The Little Lord Jesus"-by Lucy which is said to be the deepest, truest W. Peabody, an exquisite story of the and most exquisite interpretation of life of our Lord. the conditions, needs and hunger of the people of that great continent Here is the acid test, are we interever written. What a failure! How- ested enough to put our words into ever, already one Board has sent out deeds. Do we understand what Liva call to five hundred of their women ingstone meant when he said-"The asking each to buy a copy and prayer- word 'sacrifice' is not in my vocabufully to study its contents. The lary." It is this kind of service that Federation earnestly asks every Board is creative, curative, redemptive; the not only to make up for our failure kind we are privileged to share with with regard to "Friends of Africa," God-unselfish, costly, glorious. There but to begin at once a persistent, are depths we have not fathomed, ceaseless effort to put into the hands heights we have not reached, riches of every woman and girl in their of which we have not dreamed; peace, power, love and abundant life we have not appropriated because so many of us have drifted into self-complacency. We are sure that the women of the Federation will be glad to accept this challenge of our day.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York CHUROH WOMEN PLAN ADVANOE for the women delegates, at which Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff in a The annual meeting of the Council happy speech took us back to the beof Women for Home Missions was ginnings, and asked all those to stand held January 9-10 at Atlantic City, who had been members of the Council N. J., preceded by meetings of the during its first year. They were Mrs. Commissions of the National Home Philip lL Rossman, Mrs. D. E. Waid, Missions Congress which is to be held Miss Miriam L. Woodberry and Mrs. in Washington, D. C., December, 1930. Woodruff herself. The Council having been organized in November, 1908, this was the twen- It was a very real pleasure to have tieth anniversary, and the annual with us for the first time Miss Adela meeting was marked by reminiscences J. Ballard, Western Supervisor of miof early days and by planning for grant Work, who for the past two advance, rather than much contempla- years has had direct charge on the tion of the year just passed. Pacific Coast. At the dinner Miss Laura H. Parker, national Secretary The meeting opened with an infor- for Migrant Work, presented "High mal "Get Acquainted" afternoon tea Lights" and at the evening session for all delegates of the Home Missions Miss Ballard told about the work in Council and Council of Women for the western area. Home Missions, followed by a dinner

Both evening sessions and part of 900 that carryon various activities one afternoon were joint with the and over 400 that observe only the Home Missions Council. It had been World Day of Prayer, a total of 1,300. planned that Miss Helen M. Brickman, (Since the report was written, 100 national Director, Religious Work for more have been added.) At organiza- Indian Schools since last September, tion the Council was composed of 9 would tell of that activity. Owing to boards, now 24; then 4 conferences the death of her father she was unable were affiliated, now 19. to be present; Miss Bertha M. Eckert, a national Secretary in the Indian On the afternoon before the annual Department of the Young Women's meeting a conference was held of gen- Christian Association kindly spoke in eral or executive secretaries of con- stituent boards attended by representher place. atives of seventeen boards. Fruitful The third speaker the first evening discussion in regard to literature, con- ferences and leadership led to a numwas Dr. William Adams Brown, Pro- ber of recommendations, all of which fessor of Systematic Theology, Union were approved by the annual meeting Theological Seminary, who is Chair- and should mean much advance. So man of Commission I of the Home enthusiastic were the secretaries over Missions Congress. The second eve- this opportunity for informal conferning Dr. William P. Shriver, author ence that they requested a similar one of the current textbook "What Next next year, with longer time allotted in Home Missions?" who has been and to include all salaried officers. Chairman of the Home Missions Council's Committee on City Work, pre- The National Commission of Protsided. Dr. Edward D. Kohlstedt, estant Church Women, composed of Secretary of the Board of Home Mis- six representatives from the Council, sions, Methodist Church told of the six from the Federation of Woman's present situation in the American city; Boards of Foreign Missions, six from Miss Emma Jessie Ogg, Chairman of state and local women's interdenomithe Joint Committee on Home Mission national groups and three women from Literature, a joint committee of the the church at large, had been set up Council of Women for Home Missions during the past year to serve as a and the Missionary Education Move- guiding group, planning and advising ment, and Rev. Walter Getty, Secre- with women's federated c h u r c h tary of Leadership Training and groups, unifying and enlarging sug- Promotion of the Movement, pre" gested programs for those groups. sented the educational program for Relationships and scope of functionthe coming year. ing of the Commission were discussed by the annual meetings of the Federa- Among interesting historical data tion and Council, which most unforof the twenty years the following was tunately were held in different cities. noted. For the year 1910, receipts Until there has been further conferwere $328.12; for 1928, $60,922.97; ence between· the Federation and the first year of the united home and Council, no announcement as to adforeign mission Day of Prayer, 1920, justments can be made. 50,000 programs were used; in 1928, 214,300; a contribution of $25 toward Mrs. George W. Coleman, President home missions was received from one the first seven years of the Council place in 1921, in f928 over $5,800 from through 1915, was made Honorary 800 places; in June, 1919, there were President, a newly created position. 11 0 women's interdenominational Her absence and that of Mrs. Fred groups on the list at headquarters, by S. Bennett, President for eight years December of that year 165, through from 1916 through 1923, were keenly intensive, systematic promotion the regretted. Mrs. Bennett continues as number having steadily increased un- a member-at-Iarge on the Executive til in 1928 there was record of over Committee. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd,

1929J WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

Treasurer during the past nine years, eration and Council elected Miss was elected President to succeed Mrs. Carrie M. Kerschner, formerly Chair- John Ferguson, who had served for man of the latter committee, as Chairthe past five years. Mrs. Ferguson man of the J oint Committee on remains Chairman of the Committee Conferences and Schools of Missions. on Chautauqua which plans the Home Missions Institute annually held there Home responsibilities prevent Miss in August, and she continues as a Parker, Secretary for Migrant Work member of the Executive Committee. since the spring of 1923, from con- tinuing after May. Miss Edith E. Mrs. Judd for the past two years Lowry, .for the past two years Ashas been one of the representatives sistant Secretary, was elected to sucof the Council on the Administrative ceed Miss Parker at that time. Miss Committee of the Federal Council of Florence E. Quinlan, Executive Sec- Churches of Christ in America and retary since April, 1919, when that at the Quadrennial Meeting held last office was created, and Miss G. Evelyn December was chosen as one of the Morse, Assistant Treasurer, with the three vice-chairmen of the Executive Council since 1915, were reelected. Committee of the Federal Council. She is a member of the Board of A BIT OF HISTORY Managers of the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society of Issued by the Council. 1909 which she was Treasurer for some years, and since 1918 President of In response to the suggestion of the New York District. She is a member Woman's American Baptist Home of the Board of Trustees of Keuka Mission Society, representatives of College, of the Boa.cd of Directors of five Women's Home Mission Boards the REVIEW, prominent in the Wom- met in New York, on December 13, an's National Sabbath Alliance and 1906, to consider the establishment of many other lines of church and mis- Conferences for Women on Home sionary work. Her husband is Chair- Missions. The wisdom of such a step man of the Board of Finance of the was at once manifest from the un- Federal Council. animous expressions of approval, which showed clearly that there was a The new Treasurer is Mrs. Ray- well-defined need for such conferences. mond B. Fenner of the United Lutheran Church, who has been Treasurer As a result of this meeting, the Inof the Woman's Missionary Society terdenominational Committee of Womof New York and New England Synod en for Home Mission Conferences for for the past six years. For two years the East was formed. Through the she was secretary and for three years courtesy of the leaders of the Young president of the Eastern Conference People's Missionary Movement the Missionary Society of that synod, and first Conference was held at Silver for two years President of the Luth- Bay, Lake George, New York, in July, eran Woman's League of Long Island. 1907. The second Conference was held in Northfield, July, 1908. It had Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, Vice-President- from the first been the desire of the at-Large, and Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz, Committee that the Conference should Recording Secretary, were reelected. be held there, in view of the fact that The Vice-Presidents and Chairmen of Northfield has become the recognized committees for the most part remain centre of religious Conferences for the. the same. As Mrs. Philip M. Rossman Eastern States. At this Conference for home reasons could not continue the number of Boards represented had as Chairman of the Joint Committee increased to nine. These Conferences on Conferences and Schools of Mis- were marked by great unanimity of sions, and as the Joint Committee on feeling, and a spirit of enthusiasm for Women's Church and Missionary Fed- Home Missions. erations has been abolished, the Fed- On January 3, 1907, three weeks later than the organization of a Com-

mittee for an Eastern Conference, the forward movement for Home Mis- Interdenominational Committee of sions sprang up from the Atlantic to Women for Home Mission Conferences the Pacific at practically the same time of the Central West was organized in is evidence that there was a wide- Chicago. This action would have been spread, though perhaps unconscious, taken a little earlier except for the longing among Christian women for desire that the new organization closer cooperation and a fuller meas- should be formed on harmonious lines ure of fellowship in service on behalf with the one already under way in of their country. The Council of the East. This Committee, which be- Women for Home Missions is the gan with only four Boards, now in- articulate expression of this wide- cludes nine. It has held summer spread desire.

schools at Winona Lake, Indiana, in The initial steps for the formation the last week of June, 1907 and 1908. of the Council were taken at the first The immediate and enthusiastic re- Conference of the Interdenominational sponse which these Conferences Committee of Women for Home Mis- evoked, and the successful manner in sion Conferences for the East at Lake which they were conducted, justify George, New York, in July, 1907, their existence and ensure their per- when a Committee was appointed to manence. prepare a possible plan of union be- The Summer School of Missions of tween that Committee and the Inter- the Rocky Mountain Region had its denominational Committee on Home origin in the Colorado Chautauqua, Mission Study Course. This Commit- which meets annually at Boulder, Col- tee reported the following year at orado. A series of missionary ad- Northfield, recommending that an dresses, given there during the sum- overture be presented to the con- mer of 1907, aroused such enthusiasm stituent Boards and Societies repre- that steps were taken immediately sented in these two Committees, ask- that led to the permanent organiza- ing for the appointment of seven tion in October, 1907, of the Interde- members from each Board to organize nominational Committee of the Rocky a Council to carry on all lines of Inter- Mountain Region. This Committee is denominational Woman's Home Mis- made up of representatives from the sion work. These representatives met Mission Boards of each denomination in New York, November 20,1908, and having jurisdiction over Colorado and organized the Council of Women for adjoining States. The Boulder Sum- Home Missions.

mer School of Missions, like that of The purpose of the Council is to Winona, presents both Home and For- integrate the work of Home Mission eign interests. Ten Boards are now Summer Schools or Conferences, to represented on this Committee. The provide interdenominational textbooks first session of the school under this for Home Mission Study Classes, to Committee was held in July, 1908, provide literature for interdenomina- with gratifying success. tional use, to arrange a service for an The Mount Hermon Federate interdenominational Day of Prayer, School of Missions of the Pacific Coast to care for Home Mission interests in has held sessions in the summers of schools and colleges, and, in general, 1907 and 1908, at Mount Hermon, to promote interdenominational fel- Santa Cruz Mountains, California. lowship and cooperation among wom- The Committee in charge of this en's Boards and Societies. It is be- school is made up of representatives lieved that the Council will prove to of the Home and Foreign Mission be a valuable factor in broadening the Boards of the Pacific Coast. outlook of women, and in making more The remarkable spontaneity with effective their efforts to extend the which these organized efforts to unite gospel of the Kingdom in the home- the women of all denominations in a land.

AMERICA ters: Wichita, Kansas; Tulsa, Okla-

The Neglected Youth homa; Kansas City, Kansas; Lincoln, DR. WALTER SCOTT ATHEARN, Nebraska; Topeka, Kansas; St. Louis, Professor of Religious Education Missouri. Preachers within a radius in Boston University, estimates that of fifty miles were invited to attend there are 27,000,000 American chil- the conferences.

dren and youth, nominally Protestant, These annual tours demonstrate the who receive practically no formal or unity in evangelistic effort and foster systematic religious instruction. Of the fellowship of all evangelical these, 1,755,870 are to be found in churches in the primary task of all New York State. Is there any rela- Christians-that of winning souls to tion between .these figures and the law- Christ.

lessness of American youth which has so deeply disturbed thoughtful Ameri- Methodtst Interna.tional Conference T cans in recent years? Or between the HE first International Missionary Conference of the Methodist Episfact that, according to Dr. Athearn, there are 58,000,000 nominal Protes- copal Church (South) was held at tants in the United States who are Memphis, January 1-3. The presence members of no church? There are of the missionaries was a great satis- today three or four times as large a faction. The part taken by nationals percentage of Americans in jail as -Yang, Dropiowski, Dobes, Osuna- there were in 1850 I-Stony Brook gave a fine color of internationalism, Bulletin. and the distinguished guests from other branches of Methodism added Federal Council Evangelism much. As the message of need was I N JANUARY, members of the Com- presented, as the present world situ- mission on Evangelism of the Fed- ation became more and more apparent, eral Council of Churches make a tour as the spirit of Chri:st became more of about ten days, visiting one city and more dominant, the missionary center each day. The Protestant task became more and more real. Such preachers and churches come together manifestations of concern were greatly for the day's evangelistic program and heartening, but the rising tide was addresses on evangelism are made to gently guided for sublimation into bring inspiration and help in putting channels of quickening for the Januover the program which the churches ary and February period. It was already have. agreed that this should culminate in a greatly increased free will offering In the afternoon each secretary upon the million dollar call. meets in conference the preachers and members of his own church to talk ON over the plans and program of evan- Lutheran Missions gelism which his own particular com- MONDAY, January 14. offi- munion is wOlking on. cers and members of Lutheran Dr. Charles Goodell is secretary of Foreign Mission boards, missionaries the Commission on Evangelism. This on furlough, presidents of synods and January he and the members of the conferences, professors and students Commission visited the following cen- of Lutheran colleges and theological 303

seminaries, Lutheran pastors, officers taught them to accept its distorted and members of Women's Missionary experience as an expression of the Societies and other church workers Holy Spirit. Peyote is a drug, found met in Columbus, Ohio, at the annual in the mescal buttons of a plant growconvention of the Lutheran Foreign ing on the plains of the Southwest, Missions Conference. but to thousands of Indians peyote has become a religion-rotting the The following officers were elected: bodies and souls of its ignorant fol- President, Rev. W. F. Kraushaar, sec- lowers. retary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Iowa Synod; vice- Clifford, Christian grandson of the president, Rev. Johann Mattson, sec- Indian chief, has learned a better way retary of the Foreign Mission Board to lead his people than by this worof the Lutheran Free Church; secre- ship of a harmful narcotic. He is tary, Dr. George Drach, secretary of planning to take back to them the the Board of the United Lutheran principles of Christ that they may Church; treasurer, Dr. J. H. Schneid- know His simple solution for all life's er, secretary of the Joint Synod of complexities. He will introduce new Ohio Board. opportunities, open closed doors. Health, work, home and school will The United Lutheran Church re- profit. Yet this is no easy path of ports in the past nine years 46,556 leadership. It means years of struggle adult baptisms and a total net gain and sacrifice. He foresees the slow of 179,007 or sixteen per cent. In work of planting, cultivating, and har- 1927 the total communicants numbered vesting and turns to face its reality 676,496-a gain of 400/0 in nine years. bravely, fortified by the strength of his new found faith. Negroes HOD-ored No ''Yellow Peril" T WELVE awards aggregating $3,- 000 have been announced by the T HERE are some 70,000 Japanese Harmon Foundation for distinguished living in California, (or 2 per cent achievement among Negroes, in art, of the entire population) 20,000 of education, business and religion. In whom live in the county of Los Anreligious service awards carrying gold geles. medals and $400 in cash were made to Dr. L. K. Williams, of Chicago, In spite of all the propaganda reand Rev. James S. Russell of Law- garding the "Yellow peril," actual starenceville, Va. Dr. Williams has de- tistics reveal that less than one per veloped Mount Olivet Baptist Church cent of California's -land is owned by in Chicago into one of the largest in- Japanese and only about three per cent stitutional churches in America. Mr. of it is leased by them. Russell, seventy-one years old, was commended as an outstanding mission- Racial prejudice is by no means oneary administrator in Virginia. sided. Many Japanese consider them- selves superior to Americans and are Indian Advancement by no means free from the racial dis- like for Occidentals. I NDIAN paganism must give way to Christianity. Henry Roe Cloud, These Orientals are watching Amercites as evidence the instance of Clif- icans very closely. Their genius is ford Parker, student in the American by nature imitative. What we are, Indian Institute, in Wichita. Years that they will endeavor to become. ago, Quanah Parker, Clifford's grand- What a responsibility is laid upon us! father, eager for political power, -World Call. adopted the worship of peyote and became the great chief of the Comanche MerlCMlB in the United States Indians. He educated his willing tribesmen into its mysteries, and H UNDREDS of thousands of Mexi- cans on this side of the border are starving spiritually for the Bread

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of Life. It is reliably reported that against the government, rushed in at there are 150,000 in the city of Los the large street door into the open Angeles and 300,000 in the Southwest. court. They seized and bound Mr.

The birth rate among this people is Sotelo and Mrs. Nogueron, demanding very great and every baby born in twenty-five dollars. While friends this country is an American citizen. were hurrying around trying to raise Their national importance is obvious. the money, they left the building, No foreigners accept more readily and dragging the prisoners with them. At joyfully the New Testament Gospel the edge of the village they killed Mr.

appeal than these Latin-American Sotelo with two rifle shots from be- neighbors, nor more fully exemplify hind. What became of the woman its teachings in their lives. Baptists was not known at latest accounts. The in the Southwest are beginning to murderers had demanded that they appreciate the Spanish-American Sem- shout: 'Viva Cristo Rey! Viva la inary that is equipping men for pas- Virgen de Guadalupe!' (Long live tors for the 51 Spanish-speaking King Christ and the Virgin of Guada- churches and missions scattered from lupe.) It was a clear case of religious San Diego to Detroit.-Missions. persecution. The local authorities were too indifferent or too timid to LATIN AMERICA take any action. The government at Private Worship in Mexico Mexico City, when notified, promised vigorous measures to detect and pun- T HE Mexican Secretary of the In- ish the murderers. The martyred terior issued an edict on January preacher left a wife and several chil- 19 that persons holding public reli- dren. For their sake he appealed to. gious ceremonies in their homes would the mob to spare him, but in vain." 'be prosecuted under the law forbidding such ceremonies. Senor Canales made the statement after a newspaper had Persecution in Guatemala.

D announced that religious restrictions R. H. A. BECKER of the CentraT America Mission writes that the were being lightened and that services in homes would be tolerated. At- Indians of Yepocapa are interested in tendance of persons not members of the Gospel but afraid of their own the family, makes a home religious people and not the least of their lead- service a public one, in accordance ing men. Confession of faith en- with interpretations of the Mexican dangers their lives. Often it has hap- Consti tution. pened that Indians have been found in the street choked to death by means A Modern Martyr of the girdle that they wear. This T HE day of Christian martyrdom fate is threatened them if they accept has not yet passed. We read of the Gospel. A faithful believer dur- the recent assasination of Rev. Pedro ing last Holy Week offered a tract to M. Sotelo, of the Presbyterian Mission a passer-by near San Pedro. In re- in Mazatepec, Mexico. turn he was struck in the face with a machette, or large knife, then slashed "Mr. Sotelo was visiting one of his about the body and thrown over a preaching places, and was in a room bank into some brush. So they cele- . of a private house which is used as brate Holy Week in Guatemala.-Sun- a chapel. One of the women workers day School Times. of the church, Mrs. Micaela Nogueron, was in the building, visiting the family which has living rooms there, and Preaching Christ frOlll the Stage R had been in consultation with the EV. J. B. ARECENA, a Presby- terian pastor, in the Latin Ameripreacher. At about eleven o'clock at night, a noisy mob of armed men, can Evangelist gives the following ac- pretending to be in insurrection count of an evangelistic campaign held 5

in Concepcion under the auspices of ing to lack of funds the work had to Rev. Henry S. Strachan. He says: be abandoned. The people of Abancay assure us that if we would complete For ten nights the messenger gave the building the government would forth the message in the Concepcion grant it to us for our missionary work. theater with evergrowing interest. Ten May it not be that God has prepared minutes before the service began not a that place for the coming of His servseat would be vacant. From twelve to ants, and that in the coming days He fifteen hundred listened night after will make it a center of light in the night. great darkness?"

Thousands of hand bills, the notices Students of Britain at Liverpool in the daily papers, the help of the evangelical groups, all contributed, but the T HE quadrennial conference of the message itself was the real attraction: Student Christian Movement of Christ living, loving, tempted in all Great Britain held in Liverpool in Janpoints as we are, always victor, and uary was a conference of much imclothed with power and authority to help portance. A company of 2,000, of men everywhere. whom the greater number have not yet come of age, were assembled in the The last meeting brought the greatest cathedral in the gray light of a Janucrowd. A Gospel was handed to each ary morning. Two main lines of person, each containing a slip with a thought ran through the program, space for the name and address of those "The purpose of God," and "The glory who desired more teaching and more of friendship." The students, assemevangelical literature. Of the six hun- bled in Liverpool-nearly forty nations dred and sixty slips that were handed had selJ.t representatives-were diff~r­ back signed, five hundred were from peo- ent in race and in their lines of study, ple entirely unknown to the local but they shared one common experichurches. This means that at least five ence. hundred new doors are open to Christian workers. The conference was missionary to the core and in many groups and sec- Unevangelized Peru tions the claims of service overseas were made known. But it is signifi- T HE Spaniard who came to conquer cant that the first concern was for the was accompanied by the Romish character of the message and the mespriest who came to stay and whose senger. In the main assembly the presence has meant infinitely worse three addresses bearing upon the havoc than anything wrought by the world situation were these: one by forces of Pizarro, for nothing is more Mr. J. H. Oldham, on "The Call to the terrible than spiritual darkness and Missionary," one by Dr. T. Z. Koo on moral degradation. Miss M. D. Jones "The Remaking of China," and the in The Neglected Continent tells of a third by Mr. C. F. Andrews of India, trip last August when four went to on "Racial Relationships." That the the interior, traveling three days each world is one mission field was the way on mule back, to Abancay in the thought which underlay all the calls heart of the Andes. She says: of the conference.

"Five days were spent at Abancay There were in all about 1,985 mem-. and visited with Gospel literature. bel'S of the conference. The chairman Picture us sitting on a veranda in was R. O. Hall, author of "China and semi-darkness singing in Spanish, to Britain." Canon Tatlow was secrethe accompaniment of an auto-harp, tary. It was the fourth conference many of the beautiful old hymns, like to be held at Liverpool-1896, 1908, 'What a Friend We Have in Jesus'? 1912 and 1929. There are 200 Can you imagine what it meant for branches of the Student movement in them to listen to the truth of those England; in the world there are words for the first time? To them the name of Jesus is nothing more than an exclamation constantly on their lips.

"In Abancay there is a half-finished building which the government was putting up for a large school but ow-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

350,000 members. During the years a cheque for ten thousand dollars.

since the Student Volunteer Movement Then a cable came from the Assistant began, 15,000 volunteers have sailed Director of the Mission, reading: overseas. "Building available in Ghent for three "Liverpool 1929" is over; and yet hundred and fifty thousand francs"

has but begun. It will be written in which works out to be exactly ten all that follows the lives of those who thousand dollars. Mr. Winston had in this glorious ag" go forth to live only twenty-four hours' option upon the life of the friends of God. But the property. The Lord saw to it that there were many who went forth in that cheque was in our hands before peace and joy and a humble confidence. the cable was sent and He led Mr.

One day Canon Head, as he spoke of Norton to cable it across without de- the greater opportunities w h i c h lay. Thus the beautiful building be- awaited this generation, said, "I wish came the property of the Mission, and I were a young man again."-The Mr. Van Lierop was able to enter at Christian Century. once upon his arrival.

Bible DistribuUon in Italy In a few weeks the first hall pre- pared had become too small, and upon T HE Annual Report of the Scrip- the second floor a larger one was cre- ture Gift Mission states: ated. Not only are there individual con- To those who have watched events versions but these same converts are in Italy, and particularly the work of being fired with the desire to win the Roman Catholic Church, such fig- others, with their testimonies and the ures of the past year's distribution of distribution of tracts and Gospels.- Scriptures in Italy are cause for re- Edith Norton. joicing. The opposition has been un- ceasing, and by public denunciation GerDlan Mission IteDls in the churches, and the public press, as well as by personal influence in I N DECEMBER, 1928, Dr. Eduard household visitation, the priests have Kriele, Director of the Rhenish done all they can to hinder our work. Mission celebrated his 70th birthday. On this occasion, he gave up the edi- Our regular distributors have done torship of the mission publications of good work, and we have had a large his society and was succeeded by Mis. number of requests from strangers Insp. Schomburg. Beginning with the who have heard of the Scripture Gift January number the reports of this Mission, and asked for copies of the society will appear under the special Scriptures for themselves, and to pass name Berichte and the mission's news on to others. In some places the peo- will continue in separate form. The ple are awakening to their right to new magazine presents an attractive think for themselves, and the anti- appearance. Protestant attacks and tirades of the priests have roused them to read the The German "Sudan Pionier Mis- Bible to find out the truth. sion" has changed its name to "Evan- gelische Mohammedanermission Wies- Christian Work in Belgium baden." The change in name is I N THE early summer of 1927 two due to a change in organization neces- events happened. An experienced sitated by the assuming of the work Dutch pastor, a graduate of the Moody among the Kurds in Persia.

Bible Institute, Chicago, having vol- All German missions together now unteered for missionary work in Bel- have 1,265 men and women mission- gium, left his church in Yakima, aries in various 'fields. They are as- Washington, and, with his wife and sisted by 7,956 nationals and the total four litUe children, started for Bel- number of Christians is 935,923. The gium. About the same time one of total income amounts to 5,744,691 the Lord's stewards put in our hands marks. A large number o~ these so-

cieties closed the fiscal year with def- of it-145,000,000 people and the Bi- icits. ble practically unknown!

Churches in Czechoslovakia The Soviet government has given permission to the Baptist Union of T HERE are thirty-three organized Russia, of which Mr. Hugh R. Monro, evangelical churches in Czecho- is the American treasurer, to print slovakia, of which 12 are fully self- 50,000 Bibles and 50,000 Testaments.

supporting. Work is being done in The Russian Evangelical Union, of 150 outstations, where churches are which Mr. Prokonoff of Leningrad, is not yet organized. Tithing is widely the head, and which has an American practiced and church life is vigorous representative at 156 Fifth Ave., New and devoted. The churches could by York, is also printing Bibles in Lenin- 1933, if adequately housed, not only grad to reach the masses of Russia.- carry the full support of the work, but King's Business. carryon a growing program of evan- gelism-just sixty years after the ar- AFRICA Sudan Sunday School rival of the first missionary.-The Missionary Herald. Egypt and Union Bible Famine in Russia AN IMPORTANT step was taken re- .t1 cently in the organization of the RUSSIA is,in a state of great spir- itual famine. Thousands con- Egypt and Sudan Sunday School verted during the war have spread Union, made up of representatives of the Gospel and created widespread the Evangelical Church, the Egyptian expectancy of a reformation. Whole Anglican Church, the Holiness Movetowns in Siberia have sent deputa- ment and the Sunday-schools of the tions begging Protestant churches to Egypt General Mission. In time the give them more instruction concern- Orthodox Coptic Church may also coing the Christian faith and life. The operate. Hitherto much of the Sunpeople are sick of a mere ceremonial day-school movement has been in the religion. They are ready as never hands of missionaries but the present before for the message of God's Word. plan is to entrust the principal re- sponsibility to the churches of Egypt There are practically no Bibles to and to encourage more effective commeet this great awakening. There is bined effort by Egyptian leaders supa governmental restriction requiring ported by Egyptian gifts. the printing of Bibles to be done within the country. Plans for the school year include Russia's heart has been plowed deep. thirteen provincial conferences and Sorrow upon sorrow has come upon one in Cairo; strengthening of the the people. The war took 100,700,000 movement to gather street children of her sons and left 7,000,000 into Bible classes; using as widely wounded, many of them permanent as possible the illustrated books for invalids. Civil wars, hatred and re- coloring, "The Finding of the Baby venge, reprisals, terrible epidemics, Moses," "The Good Samaritan" and and famines have added to the burden "The Prodigal Son" ; also the circu- of sorrow. The tears of millions have lation of "Jesus the King of Love"

prepared the soil for the seed of truth. and "Joseph the Kindly Brother."

They must have the Bible in their Professor Levonian's new book "Mos- own language and copies in their lem Mentality" is cordially recom- homes. There are newly formed Gos- mended to all missionaries and Egyp- pel churches which do not possess a tian teachers. Special prayer is asked single copy of the Scriptures. Copies that throughout Moslem lands teach- are so rare that when one is obtained, ers may consecrate themselves to lead- it goes to a church for public use ing pupils to personal surrender to rather than to an individual. Think Christ.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

At the Congo Jubilee Conference lia. Altogether thirty-five were ap- T HE Congo Jubilee and West Afri- proved last year in Britain. ca Conference held at Kinshassa, Thirty new workers were sent on Belgian Congo, in September brought together one hundred and ninety-one, last year and a new field opened in including children, from Angola, Abyssinia. On the anniversary of that Uganda, French Gabon, the Camer- forward step three stations had been oons, Liberia, Nigeria, Europe and opened in that new field, and three America. There were five Negroes in new stations also opened in Nigeria. the Conference, two from Liberia and three from the United States. The sending out of thirty-five new workers involves not only additional One of the most noteworthy features need of more than thirty-five thousand of the Conference was the attitude of dollars this year, but demands the the delegates to a united church. It opening of at least seven new stations was a spiritual and mental uplift. Dr. which can hardly be erected and fur- Holly (colored) told the colored peo- nished for less than a thousand dollars ple of the West Coast that God liked each. the white people because they have character, and the white people have But the mission has always acted made all the spiritual things "white." on the basis of obedience to the Lord Goodness is 'white; angels are white; in praying that laborers shall be sent Adam was white. They sing, "Wash into their needy field, and they have me and I shall be whiter than snow. always regarded the answer' to that Now, what the black man must do is prayer as an indication that the Lord to develop character so that the white of the Harvest intended that every people will want to be black and, in- approved worker should be sent forth in the confidence that He who sent would surely sustain, stead of singing, 'Make me whiter She Started a School than snow,' will want to sing, 'Make me blacker than coal.' " AWRITER in Life and Work, Church of Scotland magazine, The sessions on land, labor and gov- gives the following account of seed ernments and on the indigenous falling on good ground in the Kikuyu church considered problems which country. may be solved as we get light and help from every source available. "My first Sunday at Nyeri a thin poor-looking girl came to greet me The next conference is to be held and said she could not come to sew five years hence and there will be as she had her school which I had regional conferences in 1931. The new told her to start. I was much astonofficers of the Conference are: Presi- ished, but found that she had taken dent, Mr. Cartwright of the Congo seriously my oft-repeated exhortation Bololo Mission; vice-president, Her- that those whom I taught should pass bert Smith; full-time secretary, Em- on to others what they had learned. ory Ross.-ReI·bert Smith in World Many years ago she had been brought Call. to the hospital as a patient. After two years there she became as well as ever More Missiona.ries for the Sudan she will be. She did sewing for a time T HE Sudan Interior Mission is re- in order to continue at school, and ceiving more applicants for serv- two years ago went home 'to teach ice in the Sudan and Abyssinia than the others,' for there were no Chris- ever before. Five sailed for Nigeria tians and no school in her district.

on October 20th, and seven sailed the When I went to see her I found she following week for Abyssinia. Seven had light in her hut, a space for her hope to leave shortly from Canada, bed shut off, and the rest of it filled and seven have been accepted from with tree-trunk seats. She had an New Zealand, with two from Austra- ancient bit of blackboard, and several

of her scholars had bought slates and and now Rev. A. B. Lloyd has written primers and even hymn books. Here "More About Apolo." The story of she had been teaching for two years, his work among the pygmies is a wonholding 'morning and evening prayers, derful record. When it was suggested and had now a school of over 30 reg- recently that he should visit England, ular scholars, 30 occasional and 19 of he said he would dearly love to see them were going to the evangelist's the wonders of this land; but before class in Nyeri to prepare for baptism. he consented he must seek God's will The chief had threatened to burn her about it. Next morning he came to hut down once, and she had said: Mr. Lioyd and said, "Last night I 'Very well, but you burn me inside it.' prayed very much to God about what you asked me. I should love to tell "Her father is dead, and her mother the people of the great needs of the and young brother are among her pu- work out here. But, oh sir, it cannot pils." be. Think of my pOOl' people to be left without their shepherd; there is Cruelty of Pagau Africa no one to take my place." With such men as Apolo in Africa-and there MISS ELMS of Iyi Enu, Nigeria, are many of them-who can doubt tells the story of Mo-ozi, a clever Africa's redemption ?-Chu1'Ch Mismusician much in demand at heathen sionary Gleaner. feasts and dances, and in this way well informed of the secrets of juju Battling Sleeping Sickness worship. An infected hand brought him to the mission dispensary where SECRETARY W. R. WHEELER, in he learned of Christ, became a Bible the January issue of The Interna– reader, and renounced the ways of tional Review of Missions, reports heathenism. The juju priests were facts in the fight against sleeping sickbitterly angry, fearing that he would ness in Western Africa, the heart of divulge their secrets and spirited him the sleeping sickness area. Sixtyaway. After some months he reap- three pel' cent of the population is peared, but with the mind of a child infected. But percentages vary in difor even worse, wholly incapable of ferent sections. About 100,000 cases consecutive thought or speech. It was are at present known in the Camclear that the terrible punishment of eroons. Until recently there was no the juju priests had fallen upon him. known remedy for this dread disease, By some means his mind had been but now there are three, the best of cleared of all past events so that he which is the discovery of an Americould not reveal juju secrets. There can woman doctor, described in the are martyrs who are slain for the December issue. Dr. J arnot, the testimony of Jesus. There are also French head of the government work living martyrs.-Sunday School Times. for these cases, and his staff have examined 1,000,000 of the 2,000,000 In the Pygmy Forest in the Cameroons. He claims that practically all the patients in the first ONE of the outstanding personali- stage of the disease can be saved, and ties of the African Church is about sixty-five per cent of those in Apolo whose official title is Canon the second and third stages. Mr. Apolo Kivebulaya, of the Church Mis- Wheeler thus describes those in the sionary Society. It was from Alex- third and fatal stage-unless relieved: ander Mackay that Apolo first heard the story of the love of God in Christ Those in this stage were seated upon Jesus, and, finding Christ for him- benches outside the hospital. One of self, he longed to tell his fellow Afri- them gesticulated at us wildly-he had cans that Jesus loved them. become insane-and kept counting in French. Next to these men were a group The story of "Apolo of the Pygmy of those who had increased abnormally Forest" was published some time ago,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in weight. Beyond them were a group be avoided. They would show a united of men and women, thin and emaciated, front against the common enemy of who as they tried to sit erect were con- social evils and work unitedly for the tinually falling forward in sleep. Again improvement of conditions. and again, one of them, a woman, tried to sit upright, her eyes fixed upon us in WESTERN ASIA mute entreaty and appeal. Continually A Sunday School Conference her head sank lower and finally, with a gesture of resignation and despair, she T HE Executive Committee of the fell forward in the sleep that so re- Union has voted that the name of sembles death.

This disease differs widely from so- the Union should hereafter be The Bicalled sleeping sickness in America. ble Lands Sunday School Union for Religious Education. Its activities are Wireless to the Heart of Africa not limited to Sunday-school work and I N THE heart of the Congo, Ameri- the by-laws state its aim to be "to can missionaries can now listen in organize and develop Sunday-schools, to news from the United States. C. Young People's Societies, Vacation Bi- R. Stegall, superintendent of the Car- ble Schools, The Servants of the Near son Industrial School, American Pres- East, etc., and to aid in all possible byterian Congo Mission, at Luebo, ways in the field of religious educa- Belgian Congo, wrote to station WGY. tion."

"I tuned in at 2 a. m., local time, Several national and regional Sun- and heard you with complete satis- day-school conferences and convenfaction until after 8 o'clock. In be- tions have been held in both Syria and half of the group of 14 Americans Palestine and the time has come for here in the heart of Africa, may I a more general convention to discuss express sincere appreciation. We knew not only Sunday-school work but also through you of the election of our other forms of religious education, and new president as quickly as did the that such a convention should be ofgeneral public in America. It takes ficially open to delegates from Iraq, the ordinary mail some times three Trans-Jordania, Palestine and Syria. months to reach this interior post, so Plans are made to hold the convention that you will appreciate what this in Baalbec, either the last week of means to us loyal Americans." March or the second week in April.- World Wide S. S. News.

Cooperation in South Africa T THE Dutch Reformed Mission The Baptists in Galilee A Synod of South Africa, last au- A tumn, the Moderator introduced the BAPTIST church in Nazareth re- ports a Sunday-school with an av- subject of cooperation between the erage attendance of 235, maintained Dutch Reformed Mission Church and by the Southern Baptists. Its location the other churches doing work among is near the traditional site of that synnon-Europeans in the Union of South agogue in which Jesus Christ, return- Africa. The proposal to hold a con- ing from Capernaum, read the Bible ference at which matters of mutual lessons at a regular service, as de- interest would be discussed was heart- scribed by Luke. The organization is ily supported by various speakers. rapidly becoming self supporting and Rev. Mr. Botha referred to the neces- the pastor reports that he is about to sity of creating a better mutual un- establish a new Baptist church at derstanding among all the Christian Cana, where Christ performed his first denominations. Another advantage of miracle. Converts number more than the proposed conference would be that twenty, and come chiefly from people overlapping in the work and mistrust who have not been identified with among people doing work of the same other religious bodies. The future of nature among the same people would Nazareth, from a business point of

view, fully warrants expansion, and mation of the Council in 1912," says the same is true of Cana. the Poona journal, Dryanodaya. Dr.

Baptists of the South purpose to John R. Mott, the Chairman of the further extend their work throughout International Missionary Council, and Palestin.e. They report twenty times other international Christian leaders, as many baptisms in Southern Europe like Mr. Chen of China, Mr. Max Yer- in the past six years as during the gan of Africa, Miss de Dietrich of fifty years previous to 1921.-Record France, were present. Striking ad- of Christian WOT/c. dresses were made by Dr. Larsen, Mr.

K. T. Paul, the Rev. C. H. Monahan Evangelism in Persia and Miss Tilak, on the Christian Mes- lITERATURE and the Bible are tak- sage and on Racial Relationships.

Ling a larger place in methods of The most remarkable aspect of the evangelism in Persia. A tract invit- Council was the evidence of the prog- ing Moslems to read the Bible and ress made in the direction of making become Christians has been written Christian Missions in India Church- by a young convert in joy for an- centric and, what is still more signif- swered prayer when his father, living icant, Christ-centric. The progressive in another city, confessed Christ. This Indianization of the aims and ideals tract is designated by an experienced of the Council reached a striking con- evangelist missionary of Persia as the summation in the election to the chair best first approach to Moslems he has for the next two years of the Bishop ever seen. of Dornakal, Bishop Azariah, a noble In a special Bible week in Tabriz, son of India, the worthiest candidate Persia, more than one thousand copies for President. of Scripture were sold. One of the greatest problems be- fore the Council, is how to bring the INDIA AND BURMA Indian Church itself into closer co- For Revival in India operation with the Council.

A LETTER just to hand from Rev. The Council invited the Rev. J. Z. R. J. Ward, of Coonoor, Nilgiri Hodge to become a Secretary of the Hills, India, widely known as editor Council in succession to Dr. Macnicol of the Prayer Circular for India, BUT- and Miss Oliver was invited to become 'Ina, says: "All your readers who a Secretary temporarily in place of have laid upon their hearts much Miss Van Doren.

prayer for India at this critical time Among the topics discussed were: will be interested in knowing that 10,- the promotion of international friend- 000 copies of a leaflet, giving a brief ship, theological education, the legal- account of the Great Revival, 1857-59, izing of marriage and divorce among and translated into the principal lan- Indian Christians, the relief of de- guages of South India, are being dis- pressed classes in the United Prov- tributed among the Indian Christians, inces, and the application of the find- with the hearty cooperation of mis- ings of the Jerusalem Conference.

sionaries and Indian pastors. We count upon the prayers of your read- Open-Air Preaching W ers, that the result, by God's blessing, HENEVER the Church has neg- lected Gospel preaching a period may be a great and widespread spiritual awakening."-The Christian. of spiritual decline has resulted, that has not been arrested until there has India's National Christian Council come a revival of zeal for evangelistic T HE December meeting of the preaching. The Reformation in Eu- National Christian Council for rope was made possible by a preach- India, Burma and Ceylon was the most ing revival. The Wesleyan revival in remarkable session held since the for- England and America resulted from

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a zealous determination to preach the by their own blameless lives, but by Gospei. Wesley and his associates in- countless pl'l.ieiical activities for the sisted on their right to preach where- good of the people of India. My own ever they went. When the churches dominions have been enriched by their were closed against them they took to most admirable medical and educa- the open air. In their meetings out- tional work."-Christian Century.

of-doors they won to Christ those who later erected church buildings and or- The Karen Centennial R ganized congregations for the Wes- EV. C. E. CHANEY, in the Ran- goon NMOS, describes the Burma leyan and other Methodist Churches. A majority of the people now living Baptist Convention, drawing its dele- in India will never hear a Christian gates from every race and section of sermon unless there is a revival of Burma. The convention marked the open-air preaching. Relatively few centenary of the baptism of the Chris- Hindus and Mm;lems ever enter a tian Karen Ko Tha Byu. Beside the Christian Church. A larger number dhobe pond where the baptism took hear the Gospel preached or taught place was held a celebration of that each year in Christian schools but event. The deputation from America they who may go once in a lifetime comprised Dr. and Mrs. J. C. Rob- to a service in a church and they who bins, Mr. and Mrs. Aldrich, Prof. H.

may attend ,a Christian school are as B. Robins, members of the American a drop in a bucket compared to the Baptist Foreign Mission Board, and multitude who will never do either.- Miss Burnham.

Indian Witness. At a baptismal service, held at the same dhobe tank in which a hundred Maharajah Welcomes Student. years ago Ko Tha Byu was baptized, MYSORE city gave a royal welcome from 1,200 to 1,400 people were gath- to the conference. Mysore is an ered to witness a good confession of Indian state under a Hindu mahara- Christ. Pastors of the Karen, Bur- jah, and it is significant that he has mese, Chinese and Indian communities invited the whole federation to his assisted in the service when ten In- capital and placed at their disposal dians, six Karens, four Burmese and all conveniences duri"ng the confer- three Chinese were baptized.

ence. At the opening meeting the A century ago one missionary stood maharajah welcomed the delegates in with one lone convert, the first for the most friendly terms. The keynote a whole nation, with possibly a very of his address was the deep unity un- few friends to witness the scene. To- derlying the apparent differences be- day, in the presence of a great mul- tween religions and the belief that the titude, a group of candidates from followers of all religions are engaged each of four great leading commu- in "the quest of the human spirit aft- nities, Burman, Karen, Indian and er God," which he characterized as Chinese, were baptized. Then there "so important, so universal, so heroic, was no great national R:roup of Chris- and at best falling so far short of tians to welcome the one lone adven- perfect fulfillment, that we have all turer. Today the multitude of much to learn one from another … ' .. witnesses are delegates of great Chris- "Nor would I have you think that tian communities scattered all over we in India are unappreciative of Burma.-Missions.

Christianity and the teachings of Christ. For some centuries mission- Methodist Jubilee in Burma T aries, many of them men and women HIS year marks the completion of a half century of Methodist work who would have won the highest distinction in their own countries, have in Burma. It was begun by Bishop commended the teachings of Christ to Thoburn in 1879 and is now facing a us, not only in word and writing, and heavy challenge to wider fields of use-

fulness and new responsibilities. The and centralization, a step which had Jubilee year finds three of the five much to do with that empire's speedy district superintendents in the Burma progress. As for present relations Conference, men of Asia, preachers between the two nations, he exhorted chosen to lead their people into the China to lay aside indignation toward establishing of a church whose life Japan and strive to learn the secret will be rooted in the country. Theirs of Japanese strength, which he per- is a heavy task. Burma has been one sonally believed lay in a centralized of the most indifferent and unrespon- government. He exhorted the people sive of fields for Christian evangel- to enter upon the new stage of prog- ism; and the walls of spiritual ress, reconstruction within the coun- lethargy will not collapse through any try and adjustment of their foreign human agency.-The Indian Witness. relations on a new plane of justice CHINA AND TIBET and equality. He announced what the American Students in China military disarmament conference and a fixed military budget would proba- T HE China Critic reports the visit bly bring in peaceful ways, assuring to Shanghai of 100 American Stu- them of the cessation of civil war and dents touring the world under the of ability to plan confidently for the auspices of the American University future. He dwelt upon the negotiation Travel Association. The editorial of new treaties with twelve countries, goes on to say: some of them doing away with un- Although this will not be the first equal privileges and securing tariff time that Shanghai is privileged to autonomy. This address and Dr.

receive such representative students Wang's utterance-when three days from America, yet the increasing fre- before Manchuria joined the Nationquency and popularity of learning by al Government and raised the white travel only serves to emphasize the sun flag-are in Dr. Wang's words growing conviction abroad that China among the most significant items in has much to offer for the betterment recent political developments in the of world civilization. The visiting Far East. From a missionary view- students should be received on the point, the facts above mentioned are ground that they come to study China still more promising because of the and the Chinese, not to be entertained majority of Christian members in the by them. An intelligent program de- cabinet. signed to give them the most typical "S phases of our national life, compli- More Mis,..ionaries for China mentary or otherwise, will go a long END us more missionaries" is in way toward instilling in their minds effect the message received by a healthy interest in things Chinese, the Conference of British Missionary instead of merely satisfying their curi- Societies in a memorandum from the osity about a country so little under- National Christian Council of China, stood and so much misunderstood. which held its sixth annual meeting at Shanghai. The memorandum Chiang's New Yesr Message states: "The Council is deeply con- PRESIDENT CHIANG, following vinced that, for a long time to come, Western calendars, on January first the help of missionaries will be reannounced to the nation some import- quired, in one part of China or an- ant facts. He urged its foremost mili- other, for practically every type of tary leaders to follow the example of work. While administrative responsi- Japan's Shogun at the time when the bilities will be increasingly carried new order began there and he turned by Chinese, even here there will be over military authority to the Central stilI some service to be rendered by Government for the sake of unification missionaries, and there is an ever en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

larging need for specially trained men of Christ, to the end that a sound, and women of deep consecration as constructive public opinion may be the Church seeks to enter into new created. and wider fields of service."-British Missionary Herald. JAPAN AND KOREA Church Union in China Wom.en Reforlllers in Japan CHINESE Christian writers are REFORMS, backed by the women coming to the front. Denomina- of Japan, are intended to raise tionalism, doctrinal points of conten- the legal age for purchasers of liquor, tion take second place with the to prohibit the system of licensed prosspiritual emphasis on the Christian re- titution and to win woman suffrage ligion. The central aim of the Chinese and higher education for women. Christian Church is to weld together Miss Shizu Ishikawa of Tokyo says: the scattered divisions, resulting from our western sectarianism, and stress "While liquor may not be sold to Jesus Christ, Saviour and Redeemer, minors under twenty-one years of age, as corner stone of this union. A full we are trying to raise the age to expression of a basic creed is reserved twenty-five years. As for prositution, until such time as it may be truly a the situation in Japan is greatly deproduct of the Chinese Christians, and plored by women. Should woman sufnot patterned after the churches of frage be obtained, its death knell the Occident. The brief Doctrinal would surely sound. It is a publicly Statement is as follows: recognized business with city li- censes." The Church of Christ in China, being autonomous, will have the prerogative Korean Mission Progress of formulating its own doctrinal statements, but these will, we believe, in the DR. RHODES, in the January providence of God, and under the teach- Korean Mission Field, gives staing of His Spirit, be in essential har- tistics to show that Christian progmony with the beliefs of the Christian ress, so marked for forty years, has Church in other lands. As such a decla- ceased, and states reasons for this halt ration of beliefs has not yet been form- in Pentecostal progress. He says: ulated, the United Church formulates "Some think that political changes this creedal statement of fundamentals. have blighted the hopes and aspira- tions of the Korean people, that new Our bond of union consists: regulations have hindered the free- In our faith in Jesus Christ as our dom of propaganda. Others think Redeemer and Lord on whom the Chris- that economic changes have been the tian Church is founded; and in an earn- chief cause, that living conditions est desire for the establishment of His have become very much harder, that Kingdom throughout the whole earth. the people have become too much en- In our acceptance of the Holy Scrip- grossed in the material things of life. tures of the Old and New Testaments Other causes that are given are the as the divinely inspired Word of God, almost complete change of social and the supreme authority in matters standards, the craze for education, the of faith and duty. tendency to discard the old and yield In our acknowledgment of the to red influences." Apostles' Creed as expressing the fundamental doctrines of our common evan- Dr. Rhodes calls attention to the gelical faith. adverse circumstances under which Believing in the unity of the body of St. Paul established churches, and Christ, we declare that everyone who then adds: "As a matter of fact, from the heart accepts the above state- when the Christian Movement halts, ment of faith is sincerely welcomed by it is due principally to weaknesses us, and recognized as united with us in within the church itself, and it is in the one communion. this sphere that the remedy must for the most part be sought. In the ac- Chinese Christians are resolved so to witness for Christ that their social, industrial and national relationships may increasingly reflect the Spirit

count of the New Testament Church, are full church members. About three not much is said about education, so- years ago they resolved, on their own cial, economic betterment, the institu- initiative, to support an evangelist to tional church buildings, the offerings their own people, and out of their of the church except collections for scanty allowance of a farthing a day the poor. But a great deal is said have raised the £ 3 monthly for his about love, forgiveness, a godly life, salary. They also uphold him by prayer, fasting, teaching of the Word, daily prayer. and receiving the Holy Spirit. 'The Gospel is the power of God unto sal- Scriptures in Formosa vation.' Both missionaries and the Korean church workers admit that FORMOSA, equal in area to half of during the last number of years there Scotland, has a varied popUlation has been a let up on the evangelistic comprising 150,000 Malays, still savdrive. At all costs, evangelism must age; civilized aborigines, who have be the life of the church." copied Chinese ways; Chinese set- tlers; Spanish and Dutch settlers, New Purity Laws and Japanese, 200,000 of whom dom- inate the island. A Bort of Romanized COMMISSIONER GUMPEI YAM- Chinese script has been devised, very Al.IURO of the Salvation Army, easy to read: even an illiterate peasis one of the great leaders in moral ant can master it in two weeks. By progress. In the campaign against this means large numbers of Bibles vice and prostitution his voice is both and other Christian literature is made thunder and lightning. The Decem· available and circulated with good reber number of the magazine Purity sults. contains a letter from Yamamuro addressed to both operators and inmates ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC of brothels whom he calls on to heed the demands of a modern age and Cooperation in Suva to cease participation in what is the world's worst form of slavery. He TRAVELERS visiting Fiji are sururges girls in these institutions to prised to find that although the take advantage of the new national Methodists have the largest mission laws providing a means of escape for there is no European church in Suva. those who will report to the nearest Proposals are now under way to copolice box and make known their de- operate with the Presbyterians, the sire. Indebtedness to masters has in suggestion being that every three the past been the means of holding years a Presbyterian and a Methodist young women in bondage, but by ar- minister shall be appointed alternaterangement with the officers of the law ly to the charge of the work in Suva. these debts may be paid at a later It is hoped that definite details may date and need no longer postpone the soon be worked out. right to freedom.-The Christian Century. Tristan da Cunha An Active Leper Church T HE scope of a missionary's task in Tristan da Cunha would seem THE faithful witnessing of Chris- to embrace all the activities of the tion lepers is commonly known, British Government, as well as ecclebut the zeal of the inmates at Fusan siastic concerns. Rev. R. C. Pooley, Leper Home is worthy of special com- in charge of the S. P. G. Mission on ment. This Home, the first to be es- the island, is head of the local govtablished in Korea, has been sheltering ernment, food controller, health officer, 500 needy sufferers. Practically all chief justice, head of school board and profess belief in Jesus Christ, and 145 chief ornithologist and pathologist, not to speak of minor offices. The spiritual work is, however, the essen-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tial duty. Religious services bring complishment of it. Meanwhile the large audiences and the people honor Carnegie Corporation in New York their church. They manifest grati- City have commissioned Dr. Kenyon tude for all that is done for them, L. Butterfield to visit South Africa and in spite of bitter hardships, their for the purpose of studying rural con- Christian spirit is buoyant. ditions in that part of the world, and he will spend three or four months Samoan Church Centenary on this itinerary.

ONE hundred years ago the first Dr. Butterfield is the former presi- avowed Christian, who had heard dent of two of the foremost American of Christ in Tonga, came to Samoa Agricultural Colleges, Massachusetts as a missionary and gathered a group and Michigan. He was a member of of Christian believers. The Australian the Country Life Commission ap- Methodist Church in 1835 sent down pointed by President Roosevelt, and its first missionary, and discovered again a member of the Educational that there were about 2,000 people who Commission sent to China by the mis- counted themselves Christians and ad- sionary boards in 1921. He has been herents of the Lotu Tonga or Chris- President of the American County tian religion. The Rev. H. E. An- Life Association since 1918; of the drews, President of the New South World Agricultural Society since 1919, Wales Conference, recently went to and is the author of "A Christian Samoa to represent Australia, and to Program for the Rural Community."

help celebrate the centenary. He attended the Jerusalem meeting as the specialist on rural problems and The Filipino United Church made most valuable contributions to the discussion. WORD has recently come of the first annual gathering of the dele- The EliDlination of Leprosy gates of the Filipino United Church which embraces the Presbyterian, T HE American Mission to Lepers United Brethren and Congregational held its annual meeting in New Churches. The delegates met in the York City on January 7th and pro- Union Seminary, Manila. One ques_ posed plans to advance the "freeing tions why the Methodists and Dis- of the earth from leprosy." Forma- ciples were not mentioned as meeting tion of a committee of 1,000,000 to with the other denominations, as the obtain funds and support the fight on Methodists are the most numerous of leprosy was discussed by the assemall in membership.-Congregationalist. blage upon a suggestion in a letter from Dr. Justin Abbott. The year's MISCELLANEOUS fund is set at a greater figure than Importance of Bnr..l Missions $226,000 collected last year.

T HE Jerusalem meeting of the In- Dr. William Jay Schieffelin, re- ternational Missionary Council counted in his President's report the adopted the following recommenda- assistance given to the work in Jetion: rusalem, Africa and the South Sea Islands. He said that one of the most "We recommend that as soon as beneficial results of the campaign was practicable the Committee of the In- the training of lepers in farming, ternational Missionary Council em- weaving, nursing and livestock raisploy a competent staff member to give ing, whereby they are able to help full time to the service of rural mis- support their hospitals and colonies. sions in all parts of the world."

Earnest efforts are being made by Only one hundred lepers remain in the officers of the Council to carry Palestine according to the report of out this recommendation, but it is Dr. T. Canaan, head of the Jesus-Help still too early to report the full ac- Hospital in Jerusalem.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Why Believe It1 By Delavan L. Pierson, en of our schools and colleges, of our author of "The Life of Arthur T. Pier- churches and our homes. son." 12 mo. cloth. 176 pp. $1.50. New York. 1928. CHARLES R. ERDMAN.

These chapters on the basis for the A History of Christian Missions in China. Christian faith and life are concise, By K. S. Latourette. 8 vo. 930 pp. lucid, convincing, sane. They demon- $5. 1929.

strate the reasonableness of our reli- Events in China have provided the gious faith. As stated in the sub- newspapers with front page "scare title, they show that Christian beliefs line" news for some years. It is an "based on the Bible" are "corroborated intensely interesting country, with a by science, philosophy and experience." remarkable people and a noteworthy They are also "practical studies." history. The missionary history is They aim to secure not merely intel- linked up with every phase of Chinese lectual assent, but moral resolution. progress – political, economic, educa- They cover a wide range of topics, tional, social and religious. No his- from the doctrine of the Trinity, to tory of China can ignore the mission- the return of Christ, including prob- ary influence and a missionary history lems relating to the Scriptures, to sin, throws floods of light on all the his- to prayer and to the future life. Even tory during the past century. Only such matters as "money," and "recrea- those who saw China twenty-five years tion," and "marriage and divorce," are ago and who have seen it again in the treated frankly, fairly, and in relation past decade can realize what tremen- to the conditions of modern days. dous strides the republic has made, Moreover, these varied themes are ar- and only those who know the best of ranged in a logical order and follow the modern Chinese leaders can esti- in natural sequence. mate the influence that Christian mis- The positions taken by the writer sions have had in forming the char- are positive and definite, but his spirit acters and ideals of these leaders.

is never polemic or severe. Every Dr. Latourette, formerly a mission- conclusion is based upon the clear ary in China and now Professor of teaching of the Scriptures and is sup- Missions and Oriental History in Yale ported by the testimony of science and University, has given us a masterpiece philosophy and Christian experience. in its presentation of facts, its clear In these days when doubts, denials analysis of the basic principles of and negations are so popular and Christianity in its missionary en- prevalent, the quiet confidence and in- deavors, and in its orderly and read- telligent reasoning of the author will able chronicling of missionary his- go far toward steadying the wavering tory. The authorities quoted are faith. They are well adapted to Bible numerous and varied. The record be- class work and those who become gins with Christianity in China be- familiar with these chapters should fore the Mongol dynasty in the first do all in their power to place them in ten centuries of the Christian era.

the hands of the young men and wom- The Nestorians, who left their his- 318

BOOKS WORTH READING

toric monument, arrived in 635 A. D. He has learned the Chinese language Then follows the story of Roman Cath- and dialects, has translated, written, olic missions from the thirteenth cen- spoken and in other ways has broad- tury onward, the Russian Orthodox cast reliable information. The mis- mission beginning in the seventeenth sionary enterprise has been "The one century, and Protestant missions great agency whose primary function founded in 1807. In all 140 pages are is to bring China into contact with given to early Roman Catholic mis- the best in the Occident." The chief sions and 100 pages to later Roman value and function of the missionary Catholic and Russian Orthodox mis- enterprise is, however, to reveal God sions. The Protestant work is viewed to the Chinese through Jesus Christ in its early days, its relation to the as the Way of Life.

T'ai Ping Rebellion, the reforms and Summer-And Winter, or 1927. A Wintry reactions connected with the Boxer Chapter in the Story of The China uprising, the revolt and establishment Inland Mission. Marshall Broomhall. of the Republic, the growing reform 96 pp. Philadelphia. 1928. movements in education, politics and industry, and the recent internal In this short pamphlet Mr. Broomstruggles with the accompanying Rus- hall, the gifted writer of the China sian activity and anti-foreign sentiment. Inland Mission, tells of the sufferings of the members of the Mission during The encyclopedic character of the the trying year of 1927. He also information on the subject is indi- speaks of the signs of hope-inclUding cated by the 55 pages of index. There the ability of the Mission, partly beis a map but it is the least satisfactory cause of favorable exchange, to meet all the extraordinary expenses neces- feature of the book for it gives little sitated by evacuation, the number of information on the subject. A glance missionaries who were able to remain at the index shows the volume as a at their stations, encouraging success rich mine for those who would dig in evangelistic work in a few places, into the story of missions in China. and now the return of many workers It reveals the famous missionaries to their fields. K. S. L.

and outstanding Christians, the insti- Bhikshugita. the Mendicant's Song. A tutions and movements for and against Christianity, and great events in mis- Translation of the 23d Chapter of the sionary history. Eknathi Bhagavata. By Justin E. Abbott. pp. x, 247. Summit, N. J. Professor Latourette devotes the 1927.

last chapter to a summary and con- A missionary Marathi scholar trans- clusions. He emphasizes the unselfish lates and comments on this sixteenth motives back of the whole missionary century Hindu, Eknath's, vernacular movement and the varied forms and version of a ninth century Sanskrit auspices under which it has been pro- Purana. The God Krishna tells para- moted, contrasting especially Protes- bolically the story of a miser's life, his tants and Roman Catholics. As to re- conversion, subsequent asceticism, with sults he calls attention to the two and consequent persecution and inward a half million baptized Christians, the happiness. It shows the evils of character and influence of the great avarice, the right use of wealth and majority of these Christians, the how, through a sincere approach to transformations in educational and so- God, the heart may become pure. The cial life for which missions are Over-soul, soul, good and bad mind largely responsible, the influence on and adoration are represented as ele- women and children, the dissemina- ments in holiness. An English glos- tion of literature and finally the dis- sary of Marathi terms and life of integration of non-Christian faiths. Eknath are illuminating. It also con- The missionary has been a great in- tains ninety-two pages of Marathi terpreter of China to the Occident. text. H. P. BEACH.

The Red Lama. By Mildred Cable and and New Testaments, and the Apoc- Francesca French. 44 pp. Is. Phila- rypha, this character appears in the delphia. 1927. role of the ancient Greek chorus. Of course the lines are not read, for this This moving little booklet tells the would destroy the effect, but recited story of a Red Lama of Tibet, who in a dignified and impressive manner. appears upon the scene in chains because deemed mad, though he was The plays are interesting and well simply beside himself because of be- chosen. Some of the dramas preing robbed of all his possessions. A sented are: James of Galilee; Cain Chinese Christian doctor saw the sit- and Abel; Diana of the Ephesians; uation, got possession of him and Sampson and Delilah; David and gradually restored him to health. Goliath; Abraham and Isaac; The Then the Christian children and the Mess of Potage; Judith. life in the missionary home brought him to see the beauty of Christ and JAMES F. RIGGS.

His people. While an incomplete NEW BOOKS story, it simply and effectively tells of Between the Lights. Thoughts for the Quiet Hour. Compiled and arranged the softening influences of Jesus in by Fanny B. Bates. 441 pp. $2. Crowell. New York. 1929. that vividly pictured Tibetan environ- ment. H. P. B.

Bible Dramas. William Ford Manley. Children of the Light in India. Mrs. Radio Plays adapted for Church and Arthur Parker. 192 pp. $2. Revell. Social Gatherings. 225 pp. $2. New 1929. . York. 1928. Children of the Chief. Mary Entwistle. Such a volume is evidence of an un- 76 pp. 40c. Missionary Education mistakably growing interest in dra- Movement. New York. 1929. matic material suitable for church use. The beauty of these productions is Friend or Foe 1 Honor Series. S. E. Bur- row. 129 pp. Is. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1929.

due to two factors: first, the sim- The Great· Empire of Silence-Lenten plicity of the setting, and second, the Meditations. Robert Merrill Bartlett. 60 pp. $1.25. Pilgrim Press. Boston. deep Biblical impression made. These 1929. factors help the audience when the The Missionary Education of Primary Chilimagination is quickened to supply de- dren. Wilhelmina Stooker. 182 pp. tails and to think out situations. $1. Missionary Education Movement. Thus a new impact is made on mind New York. 1929. and heart. One can well imagine after hearing one of these plays that A Modern Martyr-Theophane Venard. many will say, "I never understood Revised and annotgted by The Very Rev. James A. Walsh. 238 pp. $1. that part of the Bible before. Now I Catholic Foreign Missionary Society of America. Maryknoll. 1929. see what it means."

A large amount of liberty, at times Protestantism in the United States. Arch- er B. Bass. 364 pp. $3. Crowell. New too much liberty, is used in the use of York. 1929. Biblical material. The language in Religious Life in Christian Un!versities some places is too modern. In the and Colleges of China 1927-1928. Edited play entitled Diana of the Ephesians, by C. S. Miao, Frank W. ~rice. 47 l?P. one of the characters is made to talk China Christian EducatIOn ASSOCIaas though he was living on Twenty- tion. Shanghai. 1929.

Third St., New York. In some cases The River Plate Republics. A Survey of there is reason to question and to dis- the Religious, Economic and Social conditions in Argentina, Paraguay and approve of the interpretation. Unau- Uruguay. Webster E. Browning. 139 thenticated data is also sometimes pp. 58. World Dominion Press. Lonadded. don. 1929.

One feature which deserves notice Annual Report New York Bible Societyis the Reader. In all of the twelve 1928. 36 pp. N. Y. Bible Society. New dramas which are taken from both Old York. 1929.

THE .A modern treatmen.t

of the subject com- BISHOP THEODORE S. HENDERSON of the CITY'S CHURCH- Methodist Episcopal Church, died on parable with Josiah February 11th after a very brief illness. a problem in the' Strong's' 'The Chal- He was born in Milburn, N. J., in 1868, yast muddling vat lenge of the City" and was graduated from Wesly,ln Uni- of humanity. versity and Drew Theological Seminary. After holding several successful pas- By H. PAUL DOUGLASS torates in Brooklyn, New York and else- where he was elected Bishop in 1921 and AuthQr of "Fmm Survey to Service." "The Church at the time of his death was in charge in the Changing City" of Ohio and Kentucky. During the late war he was executive secretary of the Vihrant with the activity of city life, Dr. Doug}m'''' War· Council of the Methodist Church, pJaees in proper perspeetive a unique interpretaand has been very influential in evan- tion of the ('ity and its religious institutions. gelistic and other ministries in every field where he has labored. $1.50 REV. JAMES G*ARFIELD BAILEY, editor FRIENDSHIP PRESS of The P1'esbytel'ian Magazine, died on 150 Fifth Avenue, New York January 4th after a brief illness. Mr. Bailey brought to the editorship of the Magazine a zeal and vision which resuited in substantial developments in the periodical. He wa~ born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, February 22, 1882, and was a graduate of Colgate University and of Unio.n Theological Seminary. After serving as assistant pastor of the Lafay~t~ Avenue Church, Brooklyn, The Women's Missionary Magazine For Forly.two Years Has Broadcast from 1909 to 1911, and pastor of the West Missionary Information Side Presbyterian Church, Englewood, For 1929 New Jersey, from 1911 to 1919, he be- came associate field director of the Pres- A Devotional Page in Every Number byterian New Era Movement. He be- The United Mission Study Courses- came editor of The P1'esbytel'ian Mag- Reviews of Home and Foreign Text Books, azine in 1926.

with Additional Material for Programs *•* A Home Mission Number-The Contribu. ·P,aOFESSOR KOLMODIN, the best known tion of the New American to Our National and most important mission representa- Life tive in Sweden, died on November 24, , A Negro and Indian Number- 1928. He was born at Wisby in 1855 The Negro Mind Revealed in His Literature and served as instructor in the Mission The Indian a National Asset Institute of the Fosterland Society and later as its director. He became P':o- A Junior Special fessor at Upsala and was much sought Egypt Special-Egypt Ancient ana Modern after as a lecturer on missions. Al- India Special-Education in India though a faithful witness and an unre- Best Methods for Societies World Wide Missionary News One Dollar a Year. Send Subscriptions to lenting opponent of rationaliJIm and a defender of the Gospel, he had the tragic . The Women's Missionary Magazine experience of being attacked as a liberal- ist. He was one of the most respected XENIA. OHIO mission advocates in his country.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

—-

life MOSLEM WORLD A Quarterly Review of current events, literature, and thought among Mohammedans and the progress of Christian Missions in Moslem Jands.

Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. 0.0.. F.R.G.S.

cAssociate Editors PROF'. D. B. MAClJONAI,.D, D D, Hartford, Conn R£v. MURRAY T. Tn'us, B.Litt., India CANON W. H T. GAIRDNltR, B A, Cairo MR. MARSHALL BROOM HALL, London R£v. H. U. WEITBRltCHT StANtON, London RJtv. E. M. WHERRY, D.D., India PROi". VM. G. SHltLLABEAR, D.D., Hartford, Conn. PROF. AR'L'HUR ]"tf'III!:RY, Cairo, F,gypt PRI)'f. :-I. R'LPJI HARLOW, Northampton. ~Iass.

T HE Moslem Yorld was foull,le!! ill 1'111 to follow up the work oi the cunferences on evangelization of Moslems, held at Cairo in 1906 and at Lucknow in 1911. It is unique in its outlook. at once on phases and conditions of contemporary Islam. and on the missronary work of all sections of the Christian Church among Moslems.

WHAT SOME READERS SAY '''l'HB MOSLICM VORLD j" the Le!'t source of information in the English language with regard to religious movements amollg the Mohammedan peo()ies and with regard to Christian Missions to Moslems. It deals with the literature that relates to Islam and Islamic peoples ~and it is indispens~ able to all those who are interested in their evangelization. Its attitude wlth reference to the world~s need of Christ and the sufficiency of the Christian Gospel is uuwavning but it deals with the great ~~~~ct~~J,Is1~':rlnftar;~~!stAii.!!rOll,;i~re~~.~~!~i~t;1 ~he~~J~~ (~d !.o~f.wiU."-RoBER't E. SPF.ER, D.O., "THE ~fOSLEM WORLD is indispensable for all friends of foreign missions who wish to remain in touch" with the rapid aud kaleido~copic changes among the two hundred and thirty-four milliolls of Moslems. There is at pre:olent no living person commanding such world-wide and intimate know1edge of the prohlems connected with the "Moslem world as the editor-in-chief of this Quarterly.'" -DR. JUT.IFS RTCH'tER, D.D., Professor of ScieJlt'(" of Jfissions, Uni'l'ersity of Bertin.

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1928

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t~ !–l MISSIONARIES {) ~ A Gift that 1 I Pays an Income Read This, and Save Money I 3 3 3 Are you interested in missions? OUR Missionary Bureau has been 3 supplying Food, Clothing, House- 3 Are you able to give as much as hold Articles and Missipn Equipment 3 you would like? to Missionaries for more than half a 3 century.

3 Why not consider a gift from your capital New Missionaries may equip with 3 our guaranteed merchandise at sub- 3 that will pay you an income possibly stantial savings. All personal effects 3 larger than you now have? forwarded in one shipment. 3 3 No investment can be found which is 3 Special Discounts to Foreign Mission . 3 more secure than an Annuity Agree- Stations, Schools and Hospitals. Field 3 ment"of one of the Mission Boards of Secretaries, Purchasing Agents and Mission Boards are invited to request 3 the Methodist Episcopal Church. our lowest wholesale prices. Safe de- 3 livery of every order guaranteed. If you haven't a catalogue write today ~3 For further information write: for a FREE copy. Morri. W. Ehneo, Treasurer, Board of Foreign ~ Mi·sions of the Methodi,t Episcopal Church, 150 MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. ~ FIlth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or ~ W. J. Elliott. Treasurer, Board of Home Millions Missionary Bureau Chicago, I1linoit 3 and Church Extension of the Method;'t Epilcopal J Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

S ~~~~ Please menUou TlDI MISSIONARY REVIEW 01' THm WOIUd> In writing to advertlserL THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD HARTFORD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor MAY TABLE OF CONTENTS SEMiNARY FOUNDATION • PaDe Theological Seminary School of Religious Education COVER ……………………….. . Kennedy School of Missions DEDICATION OF A CHURCH IN PAPUA FRONTISPIECE …….•……••……

B.PTISMAL SIlRVICE IN NEW GUINIlA NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST w. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President • •..••.•••.••••• W. F. KRAUSHAAR 341 A UNIV&RSI'l'Y of religion. Three schoo1s of MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAK- Christian training on one campus, The Theologi· ING ..••. MAy-JUNE REVIEW. 1878 345 cal Seminary trains for the ministry: the School of Missions for the foreign field: the School of THE "ONE SHEEP" ASSOCIATION IN Religious Education for the lay worker and teacher JAPAN •. THE OMI MUSTARD SEED 346 and for SOCial service. Courses in any of the three schools are open to all students. Thus opportunity WHAT IS THE MESSAGE OF THE is offered for a futI rounded professional training CHURCH? •.••. RORERT H. GLOVER 347 for religious leadership.

CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE Hartford Seminary Foundation is located in the STOOD .. QUOTATIONS FROM LETTERS 351 center of the intellectual and cultural life of New England. half way between Boston and New York. INDIA. THE RUDDER OF ASIA ••••••• 356 A series of handsome and well-appointed build- PANDITA RAlIIABAI'S MUKTI MIS- ings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in SION ..•••..••.••••• WM. MOYSER 357 its section of the country. The Case Memorial Li· brary containing 200,000 volumes and pamphlets INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE is fOT the use of the three schools. This is one of· Y. M. C. A. . ….. ·FRED H. RINDGE 361 the richest theological libraries in the country. The faculty is composed of thirty scholarly men and KNOWING GOD AND KNOWING SELF women who have attained distinction in their reo · ……….. SAD!"U SUNDAR SINGH 367 spective fields.

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO … Year Book and further information sent on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. W. TAYLOR 870 application to the DeanB, A SUCCESSFUL JAPANESE CHURCH …………… STEPHEN J. COREY 875 55 Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Conn• HOW WE TRAINED 30.000 CONVERTS …………… . M. A. LIVERMORE 877 FACTS FOR FUEL ……………….. 379 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••..••.•..•••. 381 OBITUARY AWAKENING IN KOBEA. MRS. WILLIAM W. SCUDDER who, with her late husband, was a member of the NEW POLICIES IN JAPAN. Arcot Mission (South India) of the THE NANKING AGREEMBNT. Reformed Church in America from 1858 THE CASE OF MARSHALL FENG. until 1894, died at Glastonbury, Ct., February 6th, at the age of ninety-seven. OPPOSITION IN DAMASCUS. REV. ROBERT C*ASE* BE*EBE, M.D., medi- BEST MISSIONARY METHODS FOR cal missionary in China of the Methodist CHILDREN ………………. . • •••••••• lIARGARET T. ApPLIlGARTH 385 Episcopal Church for thirty-nine years until his retirement in 1923, died in WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN Clifton Springs, N. Y., on March 13th, • • EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 392 three days before his seventy-third birth- WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLE· TIN. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 395 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK .. , ••••••• , •• 398 BOOKS WORTH READING •• , ••••••••• 413 day. ••• TERMS,-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of MRS. RICHARD HURST (Florence Scott five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted. Hurst) passed away on Tuesday, March 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- 6, 1928, after a brief illness. She is sur- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. vived by a husband and daughter. She brought to the foreign missionary enter- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING prise the combined advantage of rich COMPANY, INC. spiritual background, extensive knowl- ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident edge and deep personal interest. She Wn. LIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President was a regular contributor to the Junior Missionary Friend (a publication of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretcwy WALTER MCDOUGAIJL, Treasurer Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of Publication Office, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, the Methodist Episcopal Church) and, as Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. noted in a recent issue of the REVIEW, Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fifth Avenue had recently succeeded Mrs. E. C. Cronk New York City. ' as Chairman of the Department of Chil- Entered as second-class matter at the Post dren's Wo'l'k of the Federation of Wom- ~.mi~79:rarri.bUrg, Pa" under Act of March an's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'l'~E WORLD in wr1tlng to advertisers. COMING EVENTS 1 Kerrville, Texas-Aug. 2-9. Mrs. H. W. Hamilton, Cotulla, Texas. National Conference of Social Work, the Municipal Auditorium, Memphis, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 25-July Tenn., May 2d t~ 9t~ i~clusive. 2.

·Interdenominational Bible Conference, Mrs. Henry HarmeIing, 24 East 107th St., Chicago, Ill. New York City, May 13th to 18th. St. Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 So. Elm- Nicholas Collegiate Church, under the wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. auspices of the Moody Bible Institute, Mil18 College, Oakland, California- of Chicago. No School of Missions in 1928. Mrs. Paul Raymond, 90 Santa Monica International M'" is's"ion*ary Union, Clif- Way, San Francisco, Calif. ton Springs, New York, May 30th to Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul)- June 3d. *•* June 18-22. Mrs. A. W. Goldsmith, 944 Ashland General Assembly of the Church of the Ave., St. Paul, Minn. . Nazarene will meet in Columbus, Ohio, Mrs. F. F. Lindsay, 25 Seymour Ave., June 13th to 26th. '" S. E., Minneapolis. Mt. Hermon, California–July 21-28. '" Mrs. C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln World's Sunday-School Convention, at Way, San Francisco, Calif. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–July Los Angeles, California, July 11 to 18, 27-August 2. 1928. Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ConferenceB and SchoolB of Missions New Orleans, Louisiana–Nov. 5-9. Mrs. John S. Kendall, 1224 Octavia Affiliated with F.ederation of Woman's Boards St., New Orleans, La. of Foreign Missions and Council of Women S N';rthjield, Massachusetts (East North- for Home Missions. Dates and Chairmen. field)–July 5-13. I Baltimore, Maryland-Oct. 31-Nov. 1. Mrs. Charles E. Blake, 7 Angell Mrs. Peter Ainslie, 10 Hills, Balti- Court, Providence, R. I. more, Md. 2 Northjield, Massachu8etts–July 13-21. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, I Beaumont, Texas–Jan. 11-14. Mass. Mrs. J. D. Campbell, 390 Emile St., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-In Septem- Beaumont, Texas. ber. Bethesda, Ohio–July 16-20. Mrs. Albertis Montgomery, 114 West Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson 22d St., Oklahoma City, Okla. Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. Mrs. Joseph Dupree, 1609 W. 19th Mrs. Love Sheets, 5th and Jefferson, St., Oklahoma City. Moundsville, W. Va. St. Petersburg, Floridar-In January, Boulder, Colorado–In June. 1929. Mrs. Henry F. Hoffman, 1318 E. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 10th Dakota St., Denver, Colo. Ave., N., St. Petersburg, Fla. Mrs. Frank I. Smith, 515 E. 11th Southern California (Los Angeles)- Ave., Denver. May 21-23. 3 Chautauqua, New York-August 12-17. Mrs. F. M. Buley, 800 Rome St., Los Mrs. John Ferguson, )05 East 22d Angeles, Calif. St., New York, N. Y. Mrs. Charles D. Hill, 1488 West 27th St., Los Angeles. 2 Chautauqua, New York-Aug. 19-24. 1 Warren, Ohio-Nov. 7-9. Mrs. Wm. A. Montgomery, 144 Dart- Mrs. George Konold, 227 Scott St., mouth St., Rochester, New York. Warren, Ohio.

4 Dallas, Texas (Negro)-October 1-5. Wi180n College, Chambersburg,. Pa.- Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., June 27-July 4. Dallas, Texas. Miss Mary C. Peacock, Torresdale, Dallas, Texas-October 1-5. Pa. Mrs. Merwin A. Stone, 4807 Swiss Ave., Dallas, Texas. Winona Lake–June 21-28. Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- De Land, Florida–Jan. 30-Feb. 5, 1929. wood Ave., Oak Park, 111. Mrs. Dora Smith, 135 East New York Ave., De Land, Fla. 1 Atliliated with the Federation. 2 Foreign only. A1Iiliated with the Federa- Houston, Texas-Oct. 8-12. tion. Mrs. M. G. Stell, 1525 Michigan Ave., Houston, Texas. S Home only. Conducted by the Councll. Mrs. Chas. Fred Jewett, 406 SuI Rosa • Affiliated with the CouncIL Avenue, Houston, Texas.

Illinois – Missouri (Greenville, III.)- June 18-22.

Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster Groves, Mo.

SERVICE IN THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN MISSION IN NORTHEASTERN NEW

LI, No.5 May

NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST • BY REV. WM. KRAUSHAAR, Aberdeen, South Dakota Seuretary of the BOMa of Foreign Mi ••ion., EVGngelfoa! Latll.,"an Byrow 01 loon M OST Americans associate the and a love that counted even death name of New Guinea with headhunting and cannibal- for naught in the passion which ism. In the history of mISSIons, however, this island of the South finds expression in the motto : Seas is associated with the gripping drama depicting the transfor- New Guinea for Christ! Never a mation of the bloodthirsty cannibal into a bearer of the gospel mes- thought of recalling the missionsage. It furnishes an added proof of the power of God's Word to aries and giving up the field. But transform the Papuan as well as the European or American. intercessory prayer rose daily to The period from 1886 to the the Mercy Seat and the workers at dawn of the new century was seedplanting time in New Guinea. It home and abroad vied with each was a time of heroic self-sacrifice and devotion on the part of the other in self-effacing sacrifice and pioneers on the field as well as on the part of the sending churches at devotion. At last the floodgates home. For more than ten years not one soul was won, and the work were opened and the parched souls seemed to be labor lost. Twentyfive graves dating from this decade of the lost sons and daughters of tell us the story of a faith, a hope, pagan New Guinea began to drink of the Water of Life. .

Since then the history of the Lutheran New Guinea Mission has been a record of victory. The hard- ships and losses of the beginning proved to be a Pentecost, and mourning has given way to rejoic- ing. It is now harvest time out there. During the war when the young Papuan church was thrown wholly upon the help from above, the Papuan Christians wrestled • A tine paper read at the Free General with God as did Jacob, and the Lord answered their prayer by inrsri:,e1~nFtr!~I~~~O~t~;~n 8gri~~~~ni~ganJ~~~:~~: ~:~~t~O't~~" vl~ro".f°rorK~~~B::t:::-bl:h:OB~~~ilM: creasing their own capacity for work, and by sending new friends tor the mission tleld which the Evangelleai from America and Australia who were to step into the breach and ~~~~'i:"e~::,~n':,~~!r~~w~h".:'r~~si:ii~'::~r~ga~lt:.,~ preserve the great work which ~~~~l!i ':ro'i::~ti~~nFre~~erth~a~e,:f G~I.!e,,:reo':,~ f:.:'l:'JI~¥. t~~ ~~c;:ta~n~"~E:.orelgn Mission 341

SOME P APUANS IN FULL DRESS their German brethren across the native hospital. The number of waters had begun. patients treated annually on the field is over 50,000. Today the Mission is in touch with about 150,000 natives. The One of the outstanding features native church numbers 20,000 of this mission is the growing Christians. Seven thousand ap- number of native evangelists and plicants for baptism are receiving teachers supported entirely by the their preparatory instruction. native church. Over 600 trained About 6,000 pupils are enrolled in and untrained helpers are thus bethe 200 village schools. The whole ing maintained either in the home work is directed from nineteen parish or out in new fields. Mismain stations which are manned sionary work that relies solely upon by over 100 adult workers. Each the white staff for the development station is surrounded by a group of the field will sooner or later come of substations at which native to a standstill. One of the first evangelists and teachers endeavor duties impressed upon the Papuan to be living epistles of the grace of Christians was that the love of God. Besides these nineteen sta- Christ must constrain them to betions, at which the evangelistic come messengers of the Gospel work is being carried on, there are which had liberated them from the a number of subsidiary stations bonds of sin. The congregations made necessary because of the were taught right from the beginprimitive condition of the island. ning that they must maintain these There are a printery and bindery, messengers and supervise their a saw-mill, two large stores, four work. Thus the churches of these plantations, two schooners, and young men are responsible for several health stations in the moun- them, select them, consecrate them, tains. Every station has a small install them in their fields, salary

NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST

them and recall them. In order to number of tribes and clans have supply the increasing demand for thus far accepted this change, and trained teachers and preachers, have adopted the new language as these congregations support four the Gospel language. Large parts seminaries, one for each of the four language groups. These higher of the Bible have been translated schools are attended by almost 300 into these four languages, and the young men, the very cream of in- necessary textbooks for the schools telligence and devotion of Papuan have been printed. Each of these manhood. Our hopes for the evan- groups also publishes a monthly gelization of New Guinea rest, next church paper read by practically to God, upon the consecration of every Christian family. The arthis staff of native workers led by their teachers. ticles are furnished by native elders, teachers, and evangelists. One of the greatest handicaps to work in the South Sea Islands is The strongest material evidence the Babel of languages. Villages only five miles apart can hardly of the power of the Gospel in New understand one another. The Bible Guinea is the marked improvement and other necessary books cannot be translated into all of these in the standard of living. Sanitacountless dialects. Therefore the tion and hygiene have lowered the Mission has found it expedient to death-rate, especially infant morventure upon the introduction of tality. Formerly there had been no four community languages. A large communication between the vari~ ous clans and tribes. No roads were built to facilitate travel. On the contrary, the inherent fear with which the animistic religion MISSIONARY ZAHN PREACHING CHRIST TO THE PEOPI..E OF NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA

filled the hearts of the Papuans "Miti" (Gospel). In and around prompted them to hide their vil- Amele, thousands have petitioned lages in the densest jungle. The for teachers. In the Cromwell, as Gospel brought peace and the feel- well as in the Rawlinson Moun- tains, hundreds of tribes are urg- ing the missionaries to come over and help them. In the land of the Rube, there is a waiting list of 7,000. Among the Azera, 15,000 are welcoming the bearers of glad tidings. Five thousand of these at- tended the first baptism there in the year 1925. There are 15,000 natives at Malalo, and a like num- ber in the Waria Valley, waiting for the coming of the Gospel with hearts thirsting for the living God. Truly, "the harvest is plenteous,"

Senior Missionary of the Lutheran Mission A HEA'rHEN PAPUAN CHIEF in New Gnlnea. Went to the field in 1886; still the active leader of the and the cry is heard: "Send more Evangelical Lutheran Mission laborers into the vineyard!"

ing of security. Clans have moved The Lutherall Missloll In New Guinea Is lotogether and established large vil- cated at Huon Gulf on the NortheafJtern Coast lages with churches and schools. of 'British New Guinea. In 1925 the staff' COD- Since they desired to send their slsted of 120 missiona ries In twenty stations messengers of peace into the and 116 branch stations. Native helpers Dum· hinterland, they began to build bered 635, pupils 5,709. and Papuan Commuroads and bridges, at the same time nicants Of715. improving their homes and fields. In every relation of life they have tried to correlate their actions to the principles taught in the Word of God.

This marvelous change is affecting not only small groups but the entire population living along the coast and in the immediate hinterland to a depth of about fifty to seventy-five miles of northern New Guinea. On the large island of Dampier, 9,000 souls are desirous of hearing and embracing the

HISTORY IN THE

As RECORDED IN THE REVIEW FOR MAy-JUNE, 1878 An offer from Robert Arthington of Leeds, England, of $5,000 to the English Baptist Missionary Society to open a mission on the River Congo. (Now 9,230 communicants and 24,000 Christian … * … community.) The Established Church of Scotland selects a site at Blantyre, in Central Africa, for a mission station in honor of David Livingstone. (Now 8,400 communicants and 16,941 Christian community.) … … …

Dr. J. J. Scott, Methodist missionary of Bareilly, India, protests against the proposal t…o dimi n i sh…m i s si o n ar y forces in India.

…

Severe famine reported in China, in Shansi, a province as large as England; an appeal for funds comes from Protestant missionaries to help between three and four million sufferers.

.. * …

A General Conference on Foreign Mission called to meet in Mildmay Park, London, England, October 21 to 26, 1878.

… … …

A telegraph line proposed from Khartum to South Africa. A line already in operation from Alexandria to Khartum and from Capetown to Delagoa Bay. The gap to be connected said to be only 2,600 miles. ………

A conflict with natives in East Africa causes Italian exploring expedition to abandon the .a.. ttemp… t. …

The Church Missionary Society reports large success in its new Uganda Mission on Lake Victoria. (Now 36,909 communi- cants.) … _ … • Slavery in Egypt is reported-three boats laden with slaves, tied together, pass down the Nile between Assiut and Cairo.

… … …

The cost of war computed for twenty-five years (1853 to 1877), involving 1,950,000 lives lost, $12,065,000,000 in money expended. America's bill in the recent World War to date is $48,000,000,000. ………

Rev. Otis Cary, of the American Board, sails to take up work in Japan. … … …

Dr. Alexander Duff, veteran pioneer to India of the Presbyterian Free Church of Scotland, died at Sidmouth, England, February 12th, at the age of seventy-two. He was the first missionary of his church to India, saili..n. g in…Octob…er, 1829.

The American Baptist Missionary Union reports 138 missionaries (today the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society reports 794); 63,445 native communicants (today 269,161); baptized during the year 5,604; total receipts during the year $238,- 771 (last year $1,581,665); and debt $47,361-promptly extinguished at the Annual Meeting. (Deficit last year, $278,100.) 345

"ONE-SHEEP ASSOCIATION" IN JAPAN·

T HE self-limited field of the Not only have evangelistic meet- Omi Mission is the small ings been held and the cause of province of Omi-Iying iso- temperance set forward, but also, lated by a girdle of mountains in for the first time in the memory the center of the Japanese Empire, of those engaged in the undertak- and never honored until very ing, the term "Christian" has recent years by a resident mission- achieved a new and honored con- ary, because it is a rural district. notation among the best non- About two years ago a Japanese Christian people 6f the commu- lawyer, who was recuperating his nity.

health in Kyushu, the most popu- Among their activities for tem- lar Spa of Japan, while searching perance is the effort to have only in a book store for something to "dry" chauffeurs employed on pub- read, came upon a book by Mr. E. lic conveyances. One of the results V. Yoshida, of the Omi Mission, of a recent visit from members of describing the beginnings and the the Omi Mission was the extension principles of the Mission. Al- of this endeavor by the placing of though not himself a Christian, he notices on the cars of the leading had Christian acquaintances and sight-seeing bus line reading: knew something about the Faith; "Safety First-Only Temperance but he had no practical and vital Drivers." As even the most hope- understanding of it. The challenge lessly sake-soaked sot alive will of the principles of this Mission feel more secure behind a sober won him almost on the spot. He chauffeur, the constant beholding saw a vision of attempting a simi- of that legend is bound to do more lar demonstration of Christianity to promote temperance than much in the place where he was. He in- public oratory. It is not incon- terested every Christian of any de- ceivable that the people may yet nomination he could find in the conclude that it would be safer also idea of an interdenominational, or- to have sober heads at the helm of ganized effort. The result is the State!

"One-Sheep Association" of Beppu. A railway station master near The name is taken from the par- Beppu lost his life in trying to able of the "Lost Sheep." The save the life of a drunken pas- members are prominent men and senger. This One-Sheep Associa- women from the several small tion presented the station with a churches of the city and a few silver vase-in memory of the sympathetic outsiders. The object brave martyr, to be kept on the is to promote fellowship among be- desk where he used to sit and al- lievers, to benefit by addresses of ways kept supplied with wild prominent visitors, and to push flowers from the fields near by-on various types of practical Chris- which is recorded the fact that the tian activity for the good of the sacrifice was caused by another's community. drunkenness. Thus a perpetual temperance lesson is put before ·From the Om; Xu.tard·Seed, Haehlman, the public.

lapan.

346

IS THE MISSION OF THE CHURCH?

BY REV. ROBERT H. GLOVER, M.D., F.R.G.S., Germantown, Pa. AS8istant Home Director for North A.merica 0/ the Chi11a Inland Mt.ss10n W HAT impression concerning mitted to be a most important ob- the chief aim and objective jective. of the Christian Church Or it may be claimed that the would an intelligent but unin- aim includes serving the commu- formed non-Christian visitor gath- nity of which the church is a part, er from the regular services and by uplifting its morals, purifying the normal round of activities of its social life, elevating its busi- any of the typical Protestant ness principles and polities. There churches in America? can be no question as to the duty Or what would the pastors or of the church to exert strong in- leading members of many of these fluence upon the right side of every churches describe as the real aim moral, social and industrial issue.

and objective of the Church? From And yet, when due recognition fairly wide observation, it would has been given to each of these seem that many pastors and their factors – personal evangelism, churches have not given this mat- Christian culture and community ter much serious thought. Many service-it still remains that even church meetings, organizations all three of these together do not and activities have no very clear fulfill or exhaust the true New Tes- or definite controlling objective. tament aim and mission of such a How, then, can the success of church. They are all good but they any church be determined? Is it do not go far enough.

by the number of members on the Any church which is in actuality roll? Or by the attendance upon what it is in name-a Christian the services? Or by the financial church-is in the very nature of receipts? Or by the variety of the case committed to Christ to activities? Good as these things bear its full share in the task of may be, no one of them, nor yet the carrying out His great plan and sum of all of them, can be regarded purpose in the world. The local as a safe criterion of success. For church as a constituent part of the this can be measured only by the Church universal must have an achievement of an aim, the accom- identity of aim with it. The true plishment of a purpose. mission of any local church can What then is the legitimate and be discovered only by discovering worthy aim or purpose of a local the God-ordained mission of the Christian church? It may be entire Christian Church.

stated, that the aim is to bring The book of the Acts gives us men to Christ. No one will deny the inspired record of the found- that this is a true and vital func- ing of the Christian Church by her tion of every Christian church. risen Lord, and of the beginnings Or the aim may be said to in- of b.er Hfe and ministry under the clude the building up of the mem- leadership of the Holy Spirit.

bers in Christian faith and The first chapter gives account experience. This likewise is ad- of the contacts and conferences of 347 Christ with the apostles during enjoined by Him upon the Church? that memorable forty-day period Can any thoughtful Christian fail between His resurrection and His to see that the one thing which was ascension. This was His last op- filling the heart and engaging the portunity to instruct and prepare thought of our Lord during His them for the human leadership of last days, and even His latest mothe Church which He had founded. ments, upon earth was the giving Surely, at such a time, He would of the Gospel to the whole world? emphasize the things most central Can we escape the most obvious and vital to the new institution conclusion that Christ founded the which was to bear His name and Christian Church· upon the Great to represent Him on earth. He Commission as its charter, and that spoke to them "of the things per- just as every human institution taining to the Kingdom of God." must abide strictly by the terms of its charter or forfeit its right His One Theme any longer to exist, so the Church When we look to see the particu- of Christ only so long as she conlar things of which He spoke we sistently observes the terms of her find that one thing alone is men- divine charter by being diligently tioned. This one thing is recorded engaged in her appointed task of not merely once but actually five carrying the Gospel to all the different times, namely, here in world can rightly be called by Acts and in each of the four Gos- Christ's name, or claim the prompels as well. And this one thing ise of His continued presence and is the Great Missionary Commis- power, upon which her very life sion. In Matthew it runs: "Go ye and work depend? …… and teach all nations." In Mark: "Go ye into all the world, Christ's promise "Lo, I am with and preach the gospel to every you always" follows and grows dicreature." In Luke: "That repent- rectly out of His command, "Go ance and remission of sins should ye, therefore, and teach all nabe preached among all nations." tions." Similarly, His promised In John: "As My Father hath sent gift of the Holy Spirit's power me, even so send I you." In the (Acts 1: 8) is associated distinctfirst of the Acts, Christ brushes ly with the task enjoined of being aside the apostles' irrelevant discussion of certain "times and sea- His witnesses unto the very ends sons," and presses upon their of the earth. attention the all-engrossing task which faces them of being His wit- It is clear that the missionary nesses "both in Jerusalem, and in enterprise, is no side issue, no secall Judea, and in Samaria, and un- ondary affair, not merely one of to the uttermost part of the earth." a number of equally important, or unimportant, things; it is the pri- Could anything be more signifi- mary thing, the main drive. cant than the fact of this inspired fivefold record of the Great Com- The early Church "continued mission given by the risen Christ steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine to His followers, coupled as it is and fellowship, and in breaking of with the silence of Scripture as to any other task or responsibility bread, and in prayers." (Acts 2: 42.) That is to say, the Church had her gatherings for worship and fellowship, had her doctrinal preaching and teaching for tiui instruction and edification of her ure up to that part in the enter- members, had her sacred ordi- prise which they ought to assume.

nances of baptism and the Lord's A multitude of our home Supper, and all the so-called churches need to see their relation "means of grace." But these were to world evangelization in an en- not meant to be regarded as the tirely new light. They need to see Church's mission. They were not that their assignment of responsi- in themselves an end, but only so bility as units in the combined many means toward an end. The Christian forces is properly repre- Church was not designed to be a sented not by tiny detached blocks reservoir, ever receiving and re- of territory in certain. favored taining for itself God's spiritual towns or rural districts here in blessings, but a conduit conveying America, but rather by narrow them on and out to others every- swaths girdling the entire globe.

where. Her true mission was, and Each local church is to share the must ever continue to be, the same life, the aim, the mission of the as her Lord's-to seek and save entire Church, and to project itself the lost, wherever these are to be in some vital manner into the found. . whole world.

If Christians are really the light A striking illustration of this of the world, they are not simply unity of aim and effort, as between enjoying that light, snugly shut up the whole and its constituent parts, within the comfortable lighthouse is afforded by such a commercial of the Church; they are to be flash- concern as the Standard Oil Com- ing out that light far and wide, pany, whose field of operation ex- that mariners in peril upon a sea tends, like that of the Church, may see it and be guided to safety. literally the world around. The The Church an Army writer has met this company's de- pots and agents in the far interior Is the Church actually a Chris- of a number of distant mission tian army? Then its chief func- fields. But wherever they are met, tion is not merely to maintain drill, whether in North America or in target practice and dress parade the remotest corner of the globe, within the barracks. It is a spir- it is at once apparent that their itual army of conquest, engaged aim, their object is one-they exist in an offensive warfare on a world strictly to sell oil. That is the su- scale, pressing the claims of Christ preme end in view with the central and assisting Him in achieving His organization in America, in keep- glorious purpose for the whole hu- ing with its charter, therefore that man race. also is consistently the end in view How can this truth be brought with every station, big or little, home to the local church of today, near or far, the world over.

with conviction to the conscience A missionary writing from Manand inspiration to the heart? churia tells of seeing displayed by While some local churches have a Standard Oil depot away up there caught the world vision and are the ambitious slogan: "Get The cooperating nobly in the mission- Light to Every Dark Corner of ary enterprise, such churches are the World," Is there not in this a sadly small minority. The large a rebuke and challenge to the majority have not begun to meas- churches of Christ? The fact confronts us that throughout Asia and the heart and will of God's people Africa are found multitudes of being fully enlisted.

towns and villages lighted with the The key to the missionary prob- kerosene oil of the West, but with- lem lies peculiarly with the home out the light of the saving Gospel pastors, who hold the God-given of Christ. office of leadership for the instruc- Merely deploring the fact will tion, inspiration and guidance of serve no useful end. The impor- the people of God in their life and tant thing is to locate the difficulty service. Christians as a rule do with a view to its correction. not go beyond their leaders, in While there may be other factors knowledge, in zeal or in consecra- which contribute to the failure of tion. The pastor holds a position the Church to have carried out of sacred privilege and solemn re- more expeditiously and thorough- sponsibility. More than any other, ly her missionary obligation, yet he can influence missionary re- it is our conviction that the prime cruiting, giving and praying. But cause is to be traced to those pas- that influence will be exerted only tors and church members who have in the measure in which he himself never conceived of the mission of has caught the missionary vision.

the Church of Christ in its true The need for a mighty spiritual and broad proportions, who have revival in our churches is being never "lifted up their eyes" from voiced on every side, and for this their local interests, to think, feel, much earnest prayer is being made pray and act in terms of the whole to God. Is it not also important world. to appreciate that the actuating Some of the home churches have motive for such prayer, and the caught the true missionary vision supreme objective of such revival, and spirit and have contributed so should be not merely spiritual re- much toward world evangelization, freshing for our own souls but, as in the sending forth of their own the result of this, the carrying out sons and daughters and in support- more effectively of God's purpose ing them by sacrificial offerings through us for a lost and unevan- and faithful prayers, that one gelized world? True revival must thrills at the thought of what the always call us back to the will of result would be if every home God. A genuine spiritual revival church were to adopt the same must therefore issue in a mission- standard. ary revival. When such revival Our Forces and Resources comes, the problem of missionary recruits and support will be solved, The Protestant churches of a new volume of missionary inter- North America alone have ample cession will link up the Church to forces and resources to carry out the omnipotence of God, so that their Master's commission within the whole enterprise of world the limits of the present genera- evangelization will move firmly tion. Never before were adven- forward to its consummation.

titious features of every kind so favorable, while the provision of They who know God and obey Him divine leadership and power absolutely can reckon on Him with certhrough the Spirit remains the tainty and confidence. He will not fail same as ever. It is a matter of the soul that ventures wholly on His all- sufficiency.-F. B. Meyer.

CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD*

D URING the present period of Last spring the communists revolution in China, many near Nanchang (Hupeh) were Christians have been the ob- planning to kill a number of leadject of criticism and scurrilous ing men, including an old Chrisattacks which have meant physical tian. Knowing that his property stress and spiritual suffering. At would be confiscated, he determined the same time they have bravely at least to save his Bible. He made taken up the load dropped on their it up in a bundle, dug a hole in the shoulders through the enforced ground and buried it, saying to evacuation of the missionaries. In his son, "If they kill me, you know most cases the incidents given be- that our Bible is buried here. While low are in the words of those who you are not able to read the book, reported them. your son is learning and can read it to you." * '" '" '" '" '" An evangelist in a Hengchow (Hunan) country field, disregard- Pastor Wang in Nitsei, who ing the orders of the local mer- lived near Siangyang, Hupeh, was chants' guild, boldly preached threatened again and again by the Christ in the chapel. He was ar- communists. Finally the Chrisrested, his hands were tied behind tians advised him to leave and save his back, and he was made to wear his life. But he prayed to God a high hat-a symbol of humilia- about it and felt that it was his tion. The courage and grace with duty to stay. By the mercy of God which he bore this trial brought he was spared and is holding his his persecutors to shame, and since ground to this day.

then services in the chapel have * '" '"

been well attended and no further Pastor Liang in Changsha was obstructions have been offered. surrounded by enemies and his Elder Wu of the Lei yang church life was threatened, but a verse of was killed, because he was rich and Scripture came to his mind which a Christian. strengthened him. He said to his '" '" '" enemies: "I will not leave, come The wife of one of the Chen- what may; I am going to stand by chow (Hunan) preachers was told my work." He was spared and is by the chairman of the labor union, continuing his work.

who had been a preacher, that they '" '" '"

would better leave as it might not When the foreigners left Lintbe possible to get away later. Mrs. sing, Shantung, the assistant was Chiang answered: "Why should I made superintendent. He had leave? I have done nothing to be hardly any knowledge of accountashamed of. If I have to die I ing, and only casual knowledge of might as well die here." Her cour- the hospital finances. The acage has been richly rewarded. The counts, check books, and all corre- work has not been interrupted. spondence were placed in his hands, • Incidents taken mainly from the corre- with only an untrained bookkeeper SP0.:l:dt~~eB~~tf:~ ~:dnF~~e~';°Btbr. "s~~1!i':~1~ R.to help him. Five armies passed 361

through Lintsing during the sum- Chao," they said. "He stood at the mer, all of them furnishing many door of the chapel, which was full soldiers as patients, some of them of 500 women and children, and disposed to be disorderly. One kept out the soldiers when every army came through bringing an one else ran. Twice they pointed epidemic of relapsing fever. The their guns at him and once fired year will show 20 % more patients over his head. 'If you intend to and 15% more operations than last harm these women,' he said, 'you year, despite a heavy fall of snow must kill me first.' The Whole vil- which made work very light for lage is going to present him with six weeks in the late winter. The a large wooden tablet of apprecia- hospital was so busy during the tion."

absence of the foreigners that no *** one took a vacation until their re- Mr. 'Chu Chi-chang (a graduate turn. No salaries were raised dur- of Nanking University and now in ing this period, not even those charge of the church at Fudong) promised by previous contract. is a member of the Kuomintang More money was given by local Party but when they came and Chinese supporters than usual, and asked him to help in some organi- by a greater number of individ- zation, he refused because he did uals. not feel the party was true to its *** principles. When he was asked, At the village of Changteng, the "What principles?" he said, "Reli- soldiers looted for two days. Wom- gious liberty. You take churches en and children fled to the chapel and do not let the Christians wor- yard, where a young preacher, just ship in them. I am a Christian and out of school, was in charge. He I cannot help the party unless it called in the leading men of the does differently."

village, organized a refuge for *** women and children and a recep- The last letter sent from Pastor tion committee for invading troops. Sun of Hwaiyuan, Anhwei, tells of Refugees filled the chapel and the the siege, when a portion of the school and overflowed into a neigh- roof of the Girls' School was shot boring yard. This village of about away by a cannon ball. Soldiers 5,000 inhabitants was looted and looted and pillaged all through the the losses were over $100,000. The city, fires destroyed between eight Christian refuge protected over hundred and a thousand homes; 1,000 women and children and was two plain clothes men were shot the only place not looted. down by their enemies in the mis- *** sion chapel and another was be- At Wei Ts'un just behind the headed on the front steps; another battle line, homes were filled with was shot to death at the back gate, soldiers. Hardly had the smoke of the evangelist in charge nearly los- battle cleared away when a delega- ing his life at the same time. Pas- tion from this village came in to tor Sun wrote: "After the Sunday- express their appreciation of what school was over, I heard that there the preacher had done. These call- was a battle in progress on the ers were the village head of police, Boys' School athletic field and that the school teacher, and gentry. several soldiers had been killed.

"No one could have equalled Mr. . … On Wednesday we had prayer-

CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD

meeting as usual, and the spiritual his money was safe, but another atmosphere was a 'taste' of com- pirate came and took his shoes off munion with God. Faith was his feet, and the notes were found!

strengthened a hundredfold…… I He was put on the sampan with live in the midst of deep water and the men who were taken away and hot fire, which forces me daily to kidnapped, but he knelt down and a closer communion with God. I prayed aloud. Then the kidnapped find deeper and richer flavor in the men asked the pirates to put him study of the Scriptures than I ever off because he was demented. So did in times ..o. f p… eac…e and quiet." he was put back onto the ransacked passage boat and when the pirates "Nearly all of the Bible colpor- had left her, a friendly launch came teurs have passed through more or and towed her… ba..c. k t…o Canton." less persecution this year, and Mr.

Sie seems to have had an extra "Mo Min-shan, formerly a Tao- share. He has been cursed on the ist priest, was converted at one of streets, refused lodgings at night, the mission chapels, and after a set upon by mobs, driven out of period of probation was employed town and warned of cruel treat- by the mission as a gate-keeper.

ment should he dare to return His activities in spreading the again. In the middle of the year Good News of salvation led to his he visited the market town of T'eng being appointed as a colporteur, Ts'iang some hundred and twenty and he has done good service. He li north of Nanning. On entering covers a very large area which this market he was held up by the means long journeys, and absence local militia of the Nationalist from the station continually. He party (Tang-pu) who searched him is a brave man, endures hardship and his baggage. Finding that he and faces difficulties with courage, was carrying gospels, the soldiers carrying on his work in face of cursed and reviled him and would opposition. Flood, drought, armies have probably thrown him into and bandits are causes of hindrance j ail had not the head village elder and at times he has to seek refuge, come forward and ordered him to to go forth again when hindrances " be released. This elder warned have disappeared." him, however, that if he ever made … …

his appearance again he would re- The anti-Christian and anti-for- ceive different treatment. Colpor- eign agitators have been exception- teur Sie praised the Lord for this ally busy, and yet the great bulk deliverance and forthwith left for of the Chinese have remained Wuming." friendly and well-disposed. Bible colporteurs have been threatened … " " "An Shang (colporteur) in Jan- and called "foreign dogs" and "for- uary of this year was robbed of eign slaves" and yet the Bible cir- everything. His boat was pirated, culation has been larger than ever.

several of the better-class passen- In spite of all the opposition and gers were kidnapped and every- all the lies that have been told, the thing of value was taken from the work has gone on as usual. It is ship. He had hidden his Hongkong a joy to know, should we be forced dollar notes in his shoes, and when eventually to leave the province, the pirates took his coat he thought that, scattered here and there all 2

over the country are thousands and dered by ruffians. The school was thousands of silent messengers reopened on February 24, 1927, ready to point people to the way of with a depleted staff. Rumors were the Cross. rife. On the morning of March *** 24th a mob broke into the com- The dark cloud which settled pound and threatened the students over Nanking has a radiant lining. with dire consequences unless they In a most remarkable and heart- joined the communists. They re- ening manner stUdents, servants, fused and after an hour and a half Christians and even some non- of fruitless agitation the mob left.

Christians stood by their threat- On May 30th a radical remnant of ened foreign friends, at times the anti-foreign and anti-Christian willingly risking their own prop- party rushed up to the gate, but erty and lives. This loyalty was the naval guard blocked the gate- not the experience of a few only way and succeeded in cooling off but of all. One Nanking mission- the rioters. The loyalty of the ary remarked that the loyal friend- students to the institution and the ship manifested throughout the foreign staff was remarkable.

unanticipated tragedy almost made *** the experience worth while. One Miss Delia Ru, the young Chi- building contractor responded to nese who was left without funds the request of a missionary friend for carrying on the work of the for a loan with which the threats Gracie Kingham Memorial School, of the looters might be averted only enlisted volunteer teachers and has to have his own house looted; he kept school tuition-free for several was also forced to go into hiding. months, thereby preventing the At a moment when another mis- confiscation or occupation of the sionary was ringed about with mission property and giving an rifles and facing the demand, unusual demonstration of Chris- "Your money or your life," two tian service and courage. She is Chinese young men appeared and bitterly attacked by occasional pled for his life. One of them writers in the papers, but the work opened his coat and exposed his she is doing is obviously of such own defenseless body as a pledge high character that no one inter- for his foreign friend. For some feres.

the ricksha man's humble hut pro- *** vided shelter. To keep their Association going *** most of the seven Y. M. C. A. sec- Hwa Nan College (Methodist), retaries in Chengtu gave up a at Foochow, has passed through month's salary. The head of the the agitation in an inspiring way. Construction Department of Nan- As a result of the looting by a king University refused the posi- group of Nationalist soldiers on tion of municipal engineer even January 16, 1927, the school was though it meant a doubling of his closed and the foreign faculty, with salary. In Hangchow all the sec- the exception of two, left. During retaries of the Y. M. C. A. and the time between the passing of Y. W. C. A. accepted 10% to 20% the Northern and the coming of cuts in salaries. In another Asso- the Provisional Government, the ciation all the secretaries, from the teacher of Mandarin was mur- general secretary down, on their

own initiative reduced their own was among the first on the Red salaries to a uniform rate of Mex- List, but running away did not fit ican $30 a month. A girls' school in with Shih's code. He remained principal reports a fifty per cent at the Association till they came reduction in teachers' salaries, in- and got him.

cluding her own. "As soon as Shih had been dis- '" '" '" posed of, soldiery quartered them- selves in the new building, stabled The principal of the junior mid- their horses in the restaurant to dle school in Jenshow, Szechwan, feed upon the imported window said, "I will deal with (the diffi- casings, and made away with sevculties) to the best of my strength eral hundred dollars' worth of new and ability, no matter what arises tables and chairs. The foreign sec- I will not give up." Noting his retary's residence was taken over demeanor in the face of threaten- by the New Youth Club, which ing demands the students said, "If used it most effectively for the it comes to violence, the principal amusement of the young and the will be the first to get in. If he is not afrai<l we need not worry." breakdown of China's ancient tra- dition of isolating the sexes.

* * '" "It was no time for any ordi- "Shih was on the staff of the nary man to interfere, but Lan Liu leading Nanchang daily w hen is no ordinary man. By vocation Frank Lenz induced the editor to an Episcopal clergyman and by send him to cover the Y. M. C. A.'s avocation President of the Y. M.

25th Anniversary Convention in C. A., he called together the few Tientsin in 1920. The Y interested remaining members of the board him. He became a Christian and who had not found it advisable to later business secretary. Natural- leave town and arranged to invite ly fearless and resourceful, his those radical leaders who were varied experiences have taken him causing our troubles to a dinner.

all over China and into all sorts of Then they pointed out to their situations. guests that Shih had done nothing "One night, two years ago, he but his duty and that the program stood off a gang who tried to rush of the Association was entirely un- a Y entertainment. Of course he selfish and for the welfare of so~ knew that they would get him, and ciety. Not being as well grounded that night they did. It was two as they should have been in the in the morning before he was doctrines of Karl Marx, nor in the found, half dead, bruised and various Moscow manifestoes urg- bleeding, in the outer court of the ing immediate elimination of the school for the sons of officials. Y. M. C. A., they were completely "One of the first moves in the won over. Shih was released after attack on the Association was the only six days in prison, though his making of alluring offers to the cell-mates were held till the de- Chinese secretaries. Shih refused parture of the communists. Our to be tempted by any of these, and erstwhile enemies joined them- was left with sole responsibility for selves with the board in organiz- both the Y. M. C. A. and the for- ing a 'Save the Y. M. C. A. So- eign residence property. Friends ciety,' and ordered the staff to gave him warning that his name carryon."

INDIA-THE RUDDER:OF

By BISHOP BENTON T. BADLEY, Lucknow, India I NDIA is the great rudder of Asia. Geographically, it is central, reach- ing out to China and Japan on the east; to Arabia and Egypt on the west; to Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Persia on the northwest, and to Central Asia on the north. What is done in India must ultimately touch all Asia.

In religion, India has always been Asia's spiritual leader-and still is. India is the land where the supreme contest between three great religions of the world must take place. These religions are Hinduism, Mohamedanism and Christianity; and in no other land or continent are they all represented so powerfully. The contact comes in India.

India has 217,000,000 Hindus, 66,000,000 Mohamedans and 4,000,000 Christians. The supreme question is: Which of these is to rule the destiny of this great land? As goes India, so goes Asia.

The greatest awakening Asia has ever known is taking place in India today and, the development is made possible under the stable and enlightened control of Great Britain. The Noncooperators, under the fantastic and fanatical guidance of their leaders, have tried to stampede India into' a wild, premature rush into a nominal independent republic. But India's intelligent people are watching China's rash attempt in that direction, and they are in no hurry to have China's chaos introduced into India. Ninety per cent of India's men and ninety-eight per cent of her women are wholly illiterate, so that the conditions of a safe and enlightened democracy under independent Indian control are not yet present.

Under the tuition of the British, with their educational system and the free institutions of an enlightened ciVilization, India has enjoyed unusual advantages. The natural result of Western ideals and Christian progress is a new national spirit, striving for untramelled, independent expression. With this spirit pervading the land, India's people have entered upon a new era, in which the foundations of Home Rule are being laid. The nation is plastic; the hour of change has come. This is the supreme opportunity of Truth; therefore of Christianity.

Twenty-five years ago, the Hindu father was still asking whether a girl was worth educating. He has ceased to ask that question. Ten years ago, the caste system seemed to have yielded very little to the pressure of Christian teaching and Western civilization: today, many of the strongest opponents to caste are found among the Hindus themselves. It is still comparatively rare for a Hindu widow to be remarried: but the exceptions are becoming more frequent and attract less attention.

India's widows will yet be liberated.

India is also the supreme meeting-place of the West and East. Europe and America have sent some of their strongest sons and noblest daughters to India, and here they have met and mingled with India's best. This has brought about a new international situation. India has become the great interpreter of the West to the East aWndestthewEillasbtetoimthmeeWaseusrta.blWy heenn- East has been brought to her best, the riched.

The eyes of the world are on India. Indian Christian men and women, are not only working for a pure and power-filled Indian Church, alert to the opportunities of the new era, but are also looking for the supreme national movement that will make India a Christian nation.

856

HAPPY BLIND GIRLS AT RAMABAI'S MISSION

PANDITA RAMABAI'S MUKTI MISSION * BY REV. WM. MOYSER, Akola, Berar, India Mi88ionat·y of the Ch1~sUan and JIi!l€iona.ry Ania:nce RAMABAI'S father, a very or- position or be put out of caste. By thodox Brahmin priest, was an overwhelming shew of learning he routed his enemies and proved also a real reformer. He his position; hence he was not excould not see why women and peo- communicated. pIe of other castes should not be allowed to read and write the San- A daughter, Ramabai, was born skrit literature, so he retired to the to this couple in the year 1857, and jungles and there he taught his from her childhood was taught by own' young wife that sacred litera- her parents the Hindu sacred texts ture, such as the Puranic and and quotations from the Puranas Vedic books. For this he was and Vedas. It is said that she brought before the head priest and could quote correctly over 20,000 a large body of Brahmin pundits, of them. She became wise beyond to whdtn he had either to prove his her years as she daily listened to • Having just visited Muktl to hold a Ioeal the learned pundits who visited ~~~~~~t:;. i::~~.l'e~ i~:~ei ~I~hth::!nfhe"!;~~ her father. Both parents died in fta:!~~:i, Cltli:t', v~r:e';em~~k~bl:~uo~i:.n~i~~ the dreadful famines of the seven- ~~eofme:~:tt t~h:o~ed~~n~~:s ~~tal'~~~~ ~~~ ties, and she and her brother have grown up without heartng much of her. wandered on from place to place Many have beard of such ruen as George as pilgrims and as teaching and 1IImler, but the Inte Pandlta Ramnbal was In reading prI•ests. In this way she Bome sense as great as be. A great man of traveled over nearly all of India faith he was, but he had nearly 2,000 years ~fOJ~sh!'m:lfi~I~. be~':~d!~!mBt:~gs <;'~~isi~~eDf~ ~;~::f~~~i~~~ ·'t'il~ h~~~e~oro~h~rw~~~ ng~o~~: and Burma. In 1873 they arrived awgoariknstth!alterb; asanfdewyeetqusahIes, .-uWnd.eMr .God, did a in Calcutta, and soon she became 86'7

famous as a Hindu lecturer and properly, she learned Hebrew and scholar, and before a great gather- Greek. She has also scattered ing of pandits she gained the title freely thousands of Bibles, Testaof Sarasvati, or Doctor of Hindu ments and Gospels throughout Philosophy and Theology, the only Western India; in addition to woman that has so earned that hymns and other literature. She title. She lost her faith in Hindu- gathered a band of devoted women ism, and for the first time (in who, like the Pandita herself, 1873) met Christianity; but it did could trust God for their own daily not impress her at all; it was bread, as well as stand with her for the food of the inmates in the simply a curiosity. homes and schools. Early in the eighties she went to From that small beginning by England, and in 1883, while teach- two women, the work has been caring Sanskrit in an Engli~h college, ried on to the present when the she became a nominal Christian. farm and institutions cover a little While still a nominal Christian she over a hundred acres of land, about read the lives of such men as twenty miles from Poona, in a vil- George Muller, John G. Paton, lage called Kedgaon. She called Hudson Taylor, Mr. Haslam, and her place Mukti, which means "Sal- vation," and those cared for numothers, which helped to deepen her ber between 600 and 700 people Christian experience. Later she from many castes and of various traveled a good deal in England languages. They are deserted and America, where she won a wives, child widows, orphans and multitude of friends. wronged women, for Pandita would turn no woman away; she Returning to India she began a had a heart of sympathy, and none school, or refuge, for Indian were too poor or destitute for her widows, starting her work with love and help. two Brahmin women. This school was especially for high caste wom- The place is well known, and the en, and continued so until about railway guides, or time tables, call 1896 when the Lord began to speak to her about Faith Missions on a attention to the wonderful work of this woman. It is situated on larger scale. She was ready when the highway that leads to one of the famine of 1897 was upon the the great pilgrim centers; the land to launch out in faith to place is easily recognized, for along gather and care for the famine widows. At one time there were the front of the homes are large over 2,000 inmates in the Mukti sheets of iron on which texts ex- Homes. These, who were from plaining the way of salvation are every caste and were entirely de- written in the Marathi characters, pendent upon her and her God. so that those who can read may know of the Way of Life as they Ramabai built up orphanages pass by. and schools, cared for wives and widows who had been deserted or The members of the colony are cast out, and built homes for the busy all day long with school for blind and destitute. Not satisfied the little ones, cooking, sewing and with this, she translated the whole cleaning for the older ones, and Bible into Marathi, one of the Bible training for those desiring hardest languages in the world, arid in order to be able to do this to enter the Lord's service. It is a

PANDITA RAMABAI'S MUKTI MISSION

beehive of industry from early At Phanderpur, some miles from morning until the day closes, when Kedgaon, there is a famous shrine the workers retire for a well- to a god called Vitoba, who is an earned rest. incarnation of Vishnu. The god is represented by a man standing on Let us first of all step into the a brick. Hundreds of thousands of department for the blind under the rupees worth of jewelry are kept care of Miss Jackson. Here we here in a strong room, safe from find thirty-five busy at their work robbers. There are four main so as not to be dependent upon feasts yearly in connection with charity. They make baskets, rope, this idol, besides a number of beadwork, mats, bags, etc. Every- smaller ones. At the main feasts thing, from the cutting of the banana fibre, splitting and dyeing, KRISHNAHAI. ONE OF RAMABAI'S BRAHto the finishing of these articles, is MAN GIRLS, IN CHARGE OF THE taught in this department. SCHOOL WORK In the sewing room, under the as many as 300,000 people gather care of Miss Brown, look at the here to worship Vitoba. Every beautiful work done by the girls. three years there is a larger feast Even from Australia cloth is sent that usually lasts eight days. Pilto be worked into bed spreads, grims come to Phanderpur from table covers, handkerchiefs, etc. all parts of the land, traveling hun- These two departments have won dreds of miles by train, bullock prizes in India and New Zealand- cart, and on foot, some of them prizes that have been open to the even roll on the ground for scores entire world-yet won these for of miles. Bands of men, women Mukti by real merit. and children, with yellow fiags,can be seen all along the highway, sing- When we visit the farm lands, ing their praises to Vitoba. we see the plowing, sowing, grass cutting, irrigating, and the care From Mukti twenty~four womfor scores of animals that are en, who have found salvation in needed for the institution. This is Mukti, have devoted themselves to in charge of Miss MacGregor, who also has charge of the printing press. Here we see three large presses, where thousands of Bibles, Testaments and Scripture portions have been printed. Last year 5,000 Bibles and 10,300 Testaments, and now another edition of 8;800 Testaments have gone out free of charge to strictly non-Christian people. Over 10,000 booklets and 40,000 tracts have either been given or sold from this place last year.

Among the school children are 135 girls and some boys in the lower grades, and 66 in the High School. Pray that many of these will turn out to be splendid workers.

the Lord's work at Phanderpur, The great need of the work is a .and iiveand work all the time with revival of Scriptural holiness that the pilgrims who visit this shrine. will send more of these women out Besides this band a company of to work for God among their own saved women go; out every day people. We also need organized from Mukti to tell the story of the Saviour's love in the surrounding prayer bands to stand in faith and prayer for the whole work. There GRINDING THE MORTAR FOR BUILDING, MUKTI, 1927 towns and villages, and on Sundays are other needs, such as a trained four or five of these bands of wom- nurse, and Marathi-speaking worken go forth with the message of ers to help in the personal work Salvation. On the days of the of the mission. They also need a heavy pilgrim traffic as many as thousand dollars for new Marathi eighty women go out in relays for and English type for the printing press; The church has never .been two hours at a time. to reach the finished. This was. begun by people who pass by the hundreds Ramabai, but because of the on their way to the shrine of Vi- famine it was never finished, and toba. Pray that the seed sown it ought to be completed. Pray may bring forth fruit to the salva- for this work and the workers who tJon. of souls · and to . the glory of are carrying it on. God.

MANY NAMES-ONE NAME ·A.· .. CONGO Chrisdan was studying geography and, after an exhausting hunt for various Congo rivers, lakes and towns appearing by name on the map, he prayed: "0 Lord, there are so many, · many names on this map but among them a1 the name of Jesus is not found once.

LOrd, we kIioW that no one has.ever yet been saved by any of these names, . l:!1twe thank thee forthe ·name of Jesus through which all men may be s.aved/':-:-Inla1ui Africa. .. ..

OF THE RELIGIOUS SHOP MEETINGS FOR INDUSTRIAL

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE Y. M. C. A.

BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, Montclair, N. J.

I NDUSTRY is increasingly re- wholesome recreative advantages alizing that there is such a and fighting for progressive legis- thing as a character basis for lation which will benefit both emefficiency. The "Y" today is not ployer and employee. The Young concerned with so-called "pallia- Men's Christian Association is cotives," but is dealing constructive- operating whole-heartedly with ly with the greatest industrial and such men. One of them recently social problems of the day. These declared that the "Y" has helped "greatest problems" will ultimate- to supply the soul in many so-called ly be solved not by declarations, "soulless corporations." In con- creeds and legislation, but by nection with one of his own plants, changing the narrow, selfish lives this man said: of some of the leaders of Capital "For several years we have been conand Labor and by developing in templating industrial betterment at our them a new and Christian sense of plant. I spent considerable time visiting responsibility for their fellow men. other factories and reading along this How can this be accomplished un- line. We did not want an outside agency, less the character standards of believing that we could do the job better these leaders are raised? ourselves. We delayed starting lest we should make a mistake. Finally we All over America are found reached the conclusion that the Y. M. great captains of industry who are C. A. was better equipped to do this improving "conditions," paying work than any individual manufacturer. no matter how great his interest in his employees!"

better wages, building better homes Later he discovered that his acfor their workers, • providiJ'!g cidents had decreased 49 per cent, 861

lost time from accidents had de- one town there is a staff of eight creased 55 per cent and output per industrial secretaries. One is the man employed had increased 13 general supervisor, another is the per cent, due in large measure to Americanization secretary, a third the Association! "puts music into industry," and a The President of the Riverside fourth promotes twenty shop meet- & Dan River Cotton Mills in Vir- ings and other character-forming ginia declares: activities every week. One man is "Within a few months after the In- a "plant secretary," giving all his dustrial Y. M. C. A. was organized, the time to a large factory, though on community began to wake up. The lead- the staff of the City Y. M. C. A. ers of the 'Y' knew just what was needed to bring about whole-hearted co- In a single month he promoted acoperation; and without denominational strife, there was soon manifested a new tivities having a total attendance community spirit and a great revival of of 23,670 people. A $100,000 spiritual interest. The Association's building has recently been turned practical program, appealing to the essentials of manhood-body, mind and over to the "Y" by this company, spirit-has made industrial democracy and the workers manage it thempossible." selves. The recreation and educa- It should not be overlooked that tional secretaries are just as busy the Association creates the kind of as the rest, and the city is feeling atmosphere and spirit which the results in numerous ways. A makes it easier for Capital and representative week in this city Labor to get together. The reality witnessed 201 special events with of this was illustrated recently, an actual attendance of 14,235 in- when I saw the president of a dustrial men and boys!

great manufacturing company and Furthermore, the college Asso- an ordinary workman from the ciation in the same town is sending shop, bowling fraternally together 100 students each week into indus- in the Y. M. C. A. alleys. That trial communities to teach English was one approach to industrial to foreigners, instruct American democracy. If these two men un- workingmen in technical subjects, derstand each other and get to- coach athletics, lead clubs of ap- gether socially, they will be more prentices and working boys and likely to get together in the shop! render many other varieties of Out of every five members of the service. Leaders are also enlisted American Y. M. C. A. today, one from churches, the Association is an industrial worker! This membership and the industries means that approximately 200,000 themselves. In other words, the men and boys from industry have "Y" in this, as in hundreds of voluntarily joined a Christian or- other centers, is enlisting volun- ganization which at one time was teer leadership to such an extent considered by some, "a white collar as to help thousands of men to live club." Furthermore, the Associa- in their city, and not on it.

tion extends its service, regardless A program of service in a com- of race, color, creed, class or mem- munity aims to meet the spiritual, bership in the organization, to educational, social, physical and 3,000,000 additional working men economic needs of working men and boys annually. and boys-foreign or American, A very large service is being white or black. This comprehen- rendered to industrial workers. In sive plan is promoted to a large

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE Y. M. C. A

extent outside of the "Y" building Possibly the most novel work of -in factories, labor unions, clubs, the Association has been promoted I 0 d g e s, settlements, boarding in cotton mill villages of the South, houses, homes-in short, where in mines and lumber camps of the people are. Religious meetings are East and West, and in other more as frequent in industry as in col- isolated districts. Here are a few leges, and produce just as vital re- of the things brought to pass in a sults among leaders of both Capital mill community of 7,500 people as and Labor. In one city 8,500 dif- "by-products" of the regular work: ferent men and boys attended seventy-four different shop meetings Sentiment was created and funds were provided for a visiting nurse.

A RELIGIOUS MEETING IN A CONSTRUCTION CAMP in a single month. Educational Local physicians agreed to examwork has assumed large dimen- ine school children gratis, and good sions, and splendid progress has results obtained have led to the sebeen made in the past decade in curing of a doctor to devote all his cooperative undertakings with cor- time to this work. Campaigns poration schools and other organi- were waged against typhoid, mazations. Social and physical ac- laria and other diseases. Two tivities have opened new vistas for years ago there were ninety cases hundreds of thousands of men and of typhoid, last year there was boys in overalls, and given them only one case, and the town holds renewed happiness and a new out- the record for the State. A comlook on life. munity tuberculosis campaign was

held, one of the results being the board, wages, housing, etc., are passing of a most advanced county greatly improved and the attitude health law. Association efforts of the employes has entirely have led not only to the improve- changed. ment of local conditions, but also to the remedying of evils in sur- There are eighteen coal mining rounding communities, and to the Young Men's Christian Associapassing of advanced labor laws tions in West Virginia and Colorathroughout the State. do alone, and in many other states as well. The miners, both union Recently, a secretary described and nonunion, are as enthusiastic to me his experience, when he first as the textile workers or lumberarrived at an industrial camp. jacks. During one severe strike the There was one cheerless room in a company's mine guards and strikcold building, labeled "Recreation ers declared a truce at a certain Room" where four hundred men time each day and went swimming gathered. When he entered, four together in the "Y" pool! Who crap games and several well-pa- would say that this did not make tronized poker games were in for better understanding, and progress, .with money piled high doubtless prevented some tragic between the players. Many of the "shooting matches"? Again and men were under the influence of again, in most critical situations, liquor. The Secretary noticed a the Association has helped bring three-cornered tear in the coat of company and men together. one of the special policemen, made by a stiletto. Another man still Real service has been rendered bore on his face the marks of a in hundreds of lumber camps and razor fight. There was general towns and in reclamation and congrumbling over everything and the struction projects, far from any soil was well prepared for the in- "civilization" except that which roads of Bolshevik propaganda. the "Y" affords. Splendid build- Six weeks later that same room ings have sometimes been equipped was warm and well-decorated. even in camps numbering only 200 men. On the other hand, there are There were tables, generously sup- large "manhood factories" like plied with reading matter and sta- those in Pueblo, costing with equiptionery. The "Y" man had a counter in the corner where he sold ment $580,000, and Bayonne, costmoney orders and stamps to the ing $700,000 and serving thou- sands of men, women and children. men, who were urged to send home their spare cash. When the crowd The Y. M. C. A. was the first organization to effect a world proassembled there was a period of singing, motion pictures and an in- gram of service in behalf of emiteresting address. "The best thing grants and immigrants. At pres- ent, trained secretaries are at work we've had yet!" declared the man- all over Europe, in countries of ager. "When is that speaker com- origin, at fourteen strategic ports ing back?" the men wanted to of embarkation, on shipboard, at know. "Say," exclaimed another, many ports of entry and in hun- "1 want to tell you we appreciate dreds of places of destination. Apwhat you've done for us, and even proximately 100,000 "foreigners" more what you're helping us do for ourselves!" Needless to say, the are now in English and citizenship classes and over 1,000,000 attend

indoor and outdoor lectures each colleges are now engaged in many year. Most important of all, the varieties of service with 100,000 "Y" is helping them to express the workingmen and boys. They are best of which they are capable and having some never-to-be-forgotten to make their unique contribution experiences and are gaining far to our American life. Foreign more than they are giving. This, leaders have been influenced to deal however, is only one phase of the justly with their countrymen and movement. Others include promoto stand for higher ideals in their tion of courses in the "Human Side respective communities. of Engineering" and "Industrial Relations" in the regular college The Industrial Service Move- curricula; lectures on industrial ment is impressing college men THE LOBBY IN AN INDUSTRIAL BRANCH OF THE Y. M. C. A.

with the vital importance of human democracy, labor betterment, hurelations in industry, and is de- man relations, etc., by men repreveloping a larger appreciation on senting different points of view; their part of the human side of weekly discussion groups on industheir chosen careers. It is fair to trial and social questions; human say that hundreds of students are engineering bulletin boards, ligraduating each year with a new braries and observation trips; vision of their service opportuni- congresses of human engineering ties and responsibilities, because where the student body and faculty of their touch with one or more of an entire college may be excused phases of this movement in under- from classes for one, two, or three graduate days. days to concentrate their attention on these great themes. It is interesting to note that 5,500 undergraduates from 200 The National Industrial Depart-

ment's mailing list contains infor- with other employers of his State, mation about 8,000 graduates who convincing them that they should have been interested in this Move- abandon the old reactionary meth- ment in the last dozen years. A ods of dealing with labor, and large proportion of these men are adopt a thoroughly Christian exerting the right kind of leader- course of action. And there are ship in the industrial world. How many others like him!

vital it is that these coming indus- It is significant that Charles R.

trial leaders of the nation begin Towson, formerly Senior Secretary now to acquire the right point of of this Department, was a member view in relation to the great social of the original committee which questions of the day! It may mean framed the Social Creed of the Churches. In fact, the Creed was THE RELIOIOU 1 adopted by the Department in its BASIS handbook before it was accepted either by the Y. W. C. A. or the Association Conventions. A large Jonn proportion of the industrial secre- taries throughout the country are college men and they are standing for real progress in industrial de- mocracy and social legislation. It is also significant that the indus- trial work is increasingly support- ed by organized labor, as evidenced by the repeated presence of union OR.JFCT officials at Association gatherings, the large number of union men in ct1RI~TIA l HAR (' fIR the membership and on committees and the approval of labor leaders. AND In the coming days no world SERVICF problems will be solved without reckoning with the forces of in- much to the right solution of our dustry. The Y. M. C. A. is helping industrial problems. to bring character-making influ- For many summers the Indus- ences and higher personal and so- trial Department has promoted cial standards into the lives of the local and territorial conferences on 25,000,000 men and boys who com- "Human Relations." Those at pose and control this great field.

Blue Ridge, N. C., Estes Park, It is significant that this organiza- Colo., and Silver Bay, N. Y., are tion is heartily welcomed by both each attended by 300 to 600 lead- employer and employee, not only ers of industry, with far-reaching in North America but also in other results. Repeatedly, men have parts of the world. As industrial been led to follow a Christian pro- democracy plans become more gram in their own plants as a re- and more of a reality, individual sult of these conferences. One character will inevitably become president of a State Manufactur- more important, for no safe fra- ers' Association, after his return ternity is possible without a Chris- spent all day in continuous meeting tian basis.

GOD AND KNOWING

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SIMLA HILLS, INDIA I F MAN knew himself-who and ing to know ourselves and God we what he is-then he would be can enjoy His blessed life-giving better able to know God, after Presence.

whose "image and likeness" he has When we become children of God been created. The Apostle Paul by being "born again," then His says in Romans 1: 19: "Because Holy Spirit, even without the use that which may be known of God is of earthly language, speaks to us, manifest in them." teaching and revealing to us the But the knowledge of God and of secrets of the spiritual life. When self does not depend on scientific we are born of the Spirit, spiritual or philosophical learning and "wis- language becomes our mother- dom of this world." The human tongue, and we can learn without "'isms" and "'ologies" often lead difficulty what He teaches us.

away from the truth, rather than Earthly language and human to it. Mere worldly wisdom may words may convey earthly mes- cause interference with the inner sages, but a spiritual man, even voice, and a false voice will mislead without words, can understand the us. True knowledge and wisdom truth that God wishes to convey.

comes through the Word of God, If we wish to teach a child, whose with prayer and meditation. "A mother-tongue is English, the word flight of the alone to the Alone" al- for "GOD" in Sanskrit, we tell him lows God to speak in secret to the that "Iswar" means "GOD." But heart. In other words, this world's in what language did he first come knowledge can be attained by tui- to know that "GOD" means AL- tion, but the spiritual knowledge MIGHTY GOD? The blind deaf- comes by intuition enlightened by mute, Helen Keller, says that she God. knew God before she ever learned To obtain spiritual knowledge, His name in earthly language.

the soul's powers, which have be- As the sun can be seen only by come benumbed and deadened by its own light, so the "Sun of Right- sin, should be awakened. A blind eousness," the "Light of the man, who was attempting to read world," can be seen only in His the Bible in Braille, could not dis- own light. Man can know and see tinguish the words because the himself only in this true Light. For severe cold had benumbed his this he needs spiritual eyesight, befingertips. He sat beside the fire cause the blind and those who "seeto warm and rub his hands. In a ing, see not," cannot understand few minutes his fingers glowed this reality (Matt. 13: 13).

with the heat and he was easily If we are to know the deity of able to read. So, by prayer and Christ, we must have more than meditation, the "Sun of righteous- physical life. Man, however perness" (Mal. 4: 2) and the fire of feet, is not sufficient for this. Sinthe Holy Spirit quicken our sensi- ful and fallen man cannot know bilities and enable us to perceive Him; but the "new man," a "new the things of the Spirit. By learn- creation" (Col. 3: 10) can know 367

Him, "who is the image of the in- he who does not deny self, really visible God" (Col. 1: 15). Man commits spiritual suicide!

was created in the image of God If man, who was created in but, by sin, God's image has become God's image and likeness, by dis- disfigured and marred, so that it obedience and foolishness, does not must be remade; only thus can become his own enemy and injure man recognize his Lord and Sav- himself, then there is nothing in iour. the universe which can injure him.

Through sin man has not only But he hurts himself as did the fallen from godly dignity and man- Prodigal Son. When a man injures liness, but he died. That is why himself to such an extent that his unregenerated man does not feel heart .and feelings are deadened, God's presence everywhere. Like then he inj ures others also. His a dead man, who in spite of the air sensibilities being deadened, he being all around, does not feel or does not feel and know that he is breathe it, so those dead in sin can hurting others (1 Cor. 12: 12, 26).

neither sense God nor enjoy the Had he been alive and awakened, breath of prayer. Such cannot instead of hurting and injuring worship Him in spirit and in truth. himself and others, he would have When God breathed into Adam tried to improve his own and "the breath of life" (Gen. 2: 7), he others' spiritual life. Thus he became a "living soul," but through would have fulfilled the will and sin that "living soul" died: there- purpose of God.

fore it was necessary that the Lord The problem of pain and suffer- should breathe again on men a new ing has perplexed many. While spirit and a new life, which is this may be due to sin, it is not eternal (John 20: 22). It is essen- so always. Sometimes God draws tial that man should turn in true His people nearer to Himself repentance to God, and know his through pain and suffering. The real self as seen in His presence, Cross is necessary for spiritual life otherwise the danger is twofold: and growth. If pain and suffering either he will be deprived of the had not been good for His people, bliss of God's sweet Presence, or God would have wiped them from being filled with that same Pres- the face of the earth at once. If ence and His peace, he may begin God does not wish us to be .free to imagine that he is God himself! from the Cross, then why should To know God and self, and to we try to escape what He intends obtain true life, it is necessary that for our good? Consider the grain man deny himself (Luke 9: 23, of wheat sown in the ground.

24). He who denies his own de- Before it appears above the soil sires and will in order to fulfil the and becomes fruitful, it must grow will of God, will become satisfied in the dark. This is the same with completely, and all the. cravings of us. In this world there is not only his soul will rest in that Will that day, but night also. No one can created him. By walking aecord- escape suffering; it is necessary to ing to our own will to satisfy pass through the valley of the self we destroy the capacity to shadow of death (Psalm 23: 4) for satisfy it. In other words, who- a longer or shorter period. But soever denies himself will find God true Christians who bear their and self and all that he needs, but Cross, "dying," yet they "live,"

KNOWING GOD AND KNOWING SELF

and in the midst of persecution strument for thinking and doing.

are like the leaves of a tree which So the Holy Spirit works and mani- fall in winter, only to appear in fests through a regenerated and renewed vigor in the spring, and consecrated life to carry out God's prove they are really living (2 Cor. purposes for the salvation of 4: 8-10, 6: 4-10). In spite of sor- others.

row and suffering their life is hid The Sun of Righteousness also in God. Like the Gulf Stream, reveals Himself through such per- which protects the northern lands sonalities. The pity of it is that from the severe cold by its warm His servants so often are content currents, so the hidden stream of to be like the moon, which only re- the love of God and the current of flects the borrowed light from the the Holy Spirit protect and, keep sun to lighten the dark nights.

His people warm and content. Again, it often causes an eclipse by When a man of God knows him- coming in between the earth and self as he is, he will not be proud the sun. In this way we also some- and highminded, for he realizes times come in between the "Sun of that no credit is due to him but all Righteousness" and the people of is due to the grace of God. There this world, and thus leave them in was once a philosopher who went darkness, and bring dishonor also to see a Christian saint, and asked: to His Name. We should be dili- "Why do people call you a saint?" gent and prayerful that the words The holy man replied: "It is only of Jesus may not be true of us: out of love and respect that they "If therefore the light that is in call me so, really I am only a sinner thee be darkness, how great is that saved by God's grace." The phi- darkness" (Matt. 6: 23). The losopher said, "If you are a sinner, Light of the world may dwell in us what is the difference between you and shine through us. We must and others?" The saint answered take care that the Divine Light in in the words of Socrates: "What- us may not be obscured (Matt. 6: ever I know I have learned to know 16). Jesus told us to let our light that I know nothing." The ques- shine before men that they may tioner said, "If you, being a phi- see our good works and glorify our losopher know nothing, what is the Father which is iJl. Heaven.

difference between you and or- If we know ourselves as God sees dinary people?" Socrates replied, us when we shall know our needs "The difference between me and also, and try our best whole- others is this, that I know I know heartedly to know Him, in whom nothing; whereas they do not even all our needs can be completely know that they know nothing!" satisfied. "The world hath· not The saint continued: "In the same known God" nor can those of the way there is this difference be- world know Him, but we know tween me and others; I know I am Him and so also do those to whom- a sinner, but they don't even know soever Christ, the Incarnation of that they are sinners and therefore Love, will reveal Him (John 17: they remain indifferent and care- 25; Matt. 11: 27).

less about their salvation."

Man's soul, which is far superior The work of winning the world to Christ is the most honorable service In to the body, can manifest itself which any human being can be employed. only by the mind, the sensitive in- -C. F. Schwartz.

3

SEMI-ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCH IN

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO BY REV. N. W. TAYLOR MissifJ'nary 011 the Presbyterian Ohurch, U. S. A.

M EXICO is receiving much rests lightly, intolerance reigns, space on the front pages of and those who disagree with the our newspapers, but a Roman Catholic Church must be great deal of what is being printed ready to suffer for their faith.

misrepresents the attitude of the A few personal experiences Calles Government towards reli- show the truth of this statement. gion. The hierarchy and their In a little mountain village, two friends have consistently presented days from the railroad, lived Guilthe Government as being antago- lermo. His life had been full of nistic to religious liberty. Nothing superstitious fears until he obis further from the truth. All the tained a Bible at one of the centers. Government asks is that the ac- As they read the Bible, Guillermo tivities of religious bodies be con- and his wife gradually came out of fined to their proper sphere. darkness into the knowledge of Christ. People remarked on their On the other hand, missionary non-attendance at mass, but only experience shows that the Roman Catholic Church is intolerant of their most intimate friends knew other religions. In the centers, the reason. One day an Evangelical where the government is respected Christian friend passed through and the law enforced, religious lib- the village. He had with him a erty, which is the law of the land, hymn-book and, as Guillermo knew is an actual fact. But back in the no hymns, promised to teach him a mountains, where the civil law few. Interested friends joined 870

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO

them, but as they sang these hymns few belongings, and escaped under a menacing crowd gathered at the cover of darkness. door and a shower of stones struck one of the women, injuring her Three days later he sat in my seriously. When the crowd had office and told me the tale. As he dispersed, Guillermo went to the concluded, he opened his small mayor of the village to protest bundle and removed a package against this unwarranted attack. which he handed to me saying, He was promised that the case "These are the savings of my lifeshould be dealt with on the morrow time. Please keep them for me but when he presented himself at until I can find a place where we the municipio he was arrested and can live in peace and worship God arraigned on two charges: first, as we desire." Instead of resentbringing the "devil's religion" to ment toward those who had treated the village, and thus causing a dis- him so unjustly he had compasturbance; second, causing the in- sion for them in their ignorance, jury of a villager. The actual cul- and in parting said, "I hope that prits were among the witnesses some day I may be able to return called to testify against him, and to my village and teach them about not a voice was raised in his de- the love of Christ." fence. Not only the believers in their That night he was informed that villages, but the missionaries and men, gathering on the outskirts of workers have had to face this inthe village, were planning tv at- tolerant attitude of the Roman tack the house and kill him. Real- Catholic Church. izing that he could expect no protection from the local authorities, Recently, when I was itinerating he hurriedly gathered together a in the mountains, we stopped for lunch by the side of a mountain stream. While we were removing A VIRGIN FIELD FOR DISTRIBUTING GOSPELS. A MARKET SCENE IN A MOUNTAIN VILLAGlII

the packs and saddles four drunken they asked me why it was we did pack-train drivers came down the not worship the saints and the road and paused to ask who I was. Virgin. I answered their questions and explained to them the way of "He is a Protestant missionary," salvation. Finally they accepted my boy replied. gospel portions and several tracts.

They exclaimed, "He is one of All seemed to be going well unthose whom the priest said we til I said that I was a friend of the should kill," and coming over to Mexicans. Then one of the men produced a bottle and demanded A. YOUNGEVANGELICAL WORKER that 1 drink with them. When I AND HIS FAMILY refused they again threatened me saying, "We have our revolvers, the side of the road where I was too." standing they said : "We are going to kill you." As I was unarmed, and they could easily see that I had nothing Iiiializing that I must put on a on my belt, I was at a loss to underbpld fiont I replied, "Well, go stand their reference. Then I ahead and try it." realized that they had mistaken for a revolver my vest pocket "Wait a bit," cautioned the camera, which hung on my belt. leader, "I have never met one of this sort before, and I would like "Drink with us or we will kill to ask him some questions. We YOU," the leader exclaimed. I recan kill him later." fused. With that they whipped out their knives to attack me. I Then followed a ten- or fifteen- grasped the wrist of the man nearminute conversation, during which est me. Springing back, I picked up a heavy stick that lay near by and placed my hand on my camera.

Having failed to catch me by surprise they hesitated to attack, fearing the "revolver" at my belt. After considerable verbal abuse they left us. As we sat down to lunch that day we lifted our hearts to God in thanksgiving for His pro- tecting care.

That evening I stopped with',a friend who is superintendent of a large mine. As we sat at the sup- per table I told him of my experi- ence in the afternoon, and ex- pressed my surprise that, in a country which guarantees reli- gious liberty to all, the priests should dare to incite the people against us. He hesitated a moment, and then replied: "It may surprise you more to know that the Bishop has written

to me, asking me not to receive Why, that is an accursed book. you missionaries as you journey We must take all this literature to this way." the priest."

I waited, wondering whether In about fifteen minutes the this was a gentle hint that we crowd returned armed and seized should go around by another way the boys' bag of books and their in the future. Then he continued: zarapes. They thrust the lads out on the street and told them to run. "I replied that it had always After they had gone a few paces been our custom to receive all our those of the crowd who had guns friends in our home no matter opened fire. The Lord, however, what their religious beliefs might protected them and they escaped be, and that we saw no reason to without injury. One of the colchange this custom. Furthermore, CHRISTIAN ENDEAVORERS IN A MOUNTAIN CO NGREGATION I allow no one·to dictate to me as porteurs ran off the road into a to whom I shall receive." deep canyon and, becoming lost, wandered without food for almost A few weeks later two of our a day before he found a friendly colporteurs stopped at an inn in a village. Later we learned that the little mountain village. They sold Bibles, Testaments, and Scripture a number of gospel portions to portions were burned in the public those who lounged about, and as square. the interest increased they produced a New Testament, explain- Roman Catholicism recognizes ing that all the Gospels were in it, no other religion than that of the and many other writings of the papacy and therefore to her, reli- Apostles. Next they brought out gious liberty means nothing more a Bible, but as soon as these men than freedom to practice her rites saw the Bible they drew back ex- and ceremonies to the exclusion of claiming, "La Biblia! La Biblia! all other faiths.

In spite of persecution, mission- Gospel. He visited them a number ary work in Mexico is progressing. of times and soon a congregation A surprising readiness to hear the was formed. He decided to move Gospel is experienced in all parts out and live amongst them and the of the country. Early one morn- work developed still more rapidly. ing we arrived at a mountain vil- Last year, while he was on furlage. On entering its outskirts, as lough, I had the joy of going out though prophetic of what was there to the dedication of their about to occur, the sun topped the new church. This is the first ridges in a burst of glory, and its Protestant church to be erected in rays soon penetrated the deepest that whole region. For weeks the valleys, driving away the lurking people had labored on the building shadows. We stopped for break- but when we arrived it was still infast, and while waiting for the complete. Some said that it was meal to be prepared, we gave out impossible to complete it before a number of tracts to the early Sunday, but we encouraged them risers who lounged about the inn. to attempt it, and suspending other It soon became evident that they work they all set to with a will and were interested, so we opened our by Saturday morning even the packs and took out a number of doors were hung. That afternoon gospel portions and some pamphlets the young people scattered far and which we also distributed. Before wide and returned with armfuls we left the village the leading man of boughs and flowers with which came to us to ask if it would be possible for us to send a worker to to adorn the interior. teach them more of the "new re- The following evening, at the call ligion." We readily consented and arranged that one of the lay- of the "cacho" (cow-horn), the workers should return in a few people began to come from every days. He did so and from the very direction, their white clothes markfirst had a large and interested ing them distinctly as they degroup of inquirers. About two scended the mountain paths in the gathering darkness. A hush of months later I returned and found expectancy swept over the people a congregation of about eighty people eager to hear more of the Word as they entered the church and of God. Amongst this number they went silently to their places. were most of the principal men of The women seated themselves on the village. They immediately their mats on the· floor and the formed a school and asked us to men took their places on the supply a teacher. This we gladly benches. It was a solemn meeting did and they paid seventy-five per and the presence of God was felt. cent of his salary. When I left the field last fall they were busily en- "The people that walked in darkgaged in collecting material for ness have seen a great light: they the construction of their church. that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath Four and a half years ago Mr. the light shined." This is true of Van Slyke, one of our missionaries, Mexico. The light is breaking and heard that in a village three-days' the dawn of a better day seems to ride from Oaxaca there was a small be at hand. But Mexico needs our group of men interested in the prayers that true religious liberty may become an accomplished fact throughout the country.

A SUCCESSFUL JAPANESE CHURCH*

BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri Vice-Pre8ldent 0/ the United Chri8tirm Missianrkry Society A CHURCH that partakes of on. The people all respond with the native soil, that has be- "Amen" at the close of prayers, accome "naturalized" and no cording to Japanese ideas. There longer seems to the people an im- is quiet and reverence in the Lord's ported thing, is the Tennoji Chris- house, as in their own temples.

tian congregation in Osaka, Japan. Visiting is done before and after It is as distinctly Japanese as the church. After Sunday morning kimono or Japanese art. service, lunch is spread in the back This church is Japanese directed. room, and plans are made over A Japanese pastor does all the chopsticks and tiny Japanese tea preaching. A Japanese board of cups.

officers conducts all the business Tennoji is an active church and and with the pastor makes all the the people carryon in their own plans. Japanese laymen and way, and in their own way honor women do all the work of the God. Men and women are not used church, from the Sunday-school, to working together outside of the down through the church Y. M. C. home, so they have Y. M. C. A., and A. and Y. W. C. A., the prayer Y. W. C. A. in the church, instead meeting, the ladies' aid, the chil- of Christian Endeavor. To introdren's meetings, and the church duce too rapidly our Western cusproper. The missionaries are vis- toms would cause criticism of the iting brethren and have no part in Christian for throwing down the the working of the congregation bars. The Y. W. C. A. does its unless asked to do so. The organist work quietly and in approved Japais a Japanese and the songs used nese fashion. The Y. M. C. A. are peculiar to Japanese tempera- meets each week and each Sunday ment-either written by their own evening conducts a street meeting. people or, if by a Westerner, se- Twice a month these young men lected because of their minor key conduct an evangelistic service for and Japanese movement. parents and graduates, at 'the kin- One is met at the door by a dergarten. Japanese reception committee, and the greeting is the low Japanese The pastor is a noble Japanese bow. The flowers are arranged ac- man, growing old now, but sweetcording to true Japanese flower ar- spirited and appreciative of the rangement taste; the cadence of young life of the church. The the responsive readings is Japa- young people enjoy the frequent nese; the women sit on one side hospitality of the little parsonage, and the men on the other; the where they sit on the mat floor, preacher wears the Japanese men's Japanese fashion, drinking tea and kimono and sandals; the members eating Japanese cakes, while they leave their street foot gear at the pray and plan together for the door and come in with soft "getas" Lord's work. Once a month the Y. M. C. A. takes the regular Sun- • From the World Call. day evening church service.

375

The Sunday-school has about one Tennoji is a firmly-established hundred in attendance, of whom church. The missionary might one half are adults. There are leave-that would make no differ- good, strong adult classes, taught ence. The church is a part of the by laymen of the church and land and the life of the people. It women's classes taught by women is a Japanese Christian Church. It leaders. Children's Day is "flower it not easy to become such.' Ten- day" according to Japanese custom. noji has chosen the harder, but the Japanese festival days are turned more apostolic way. The Japanese into Christian celebrations and are poor for the most part, and it adapted to the spiritual sanctions would be easier to have a chapel of Christianity. and preacher supported from The Tennoji Church is self- America. Their way is the way of supporting. The people pay their sacrifice, but it is eventually the pastor's salary and look after their only way fQr an indigenous Chris- own finances. They take their of- tianity in Japan or any other land.

fering regularly for home missions It is easy to take money from lov- and then help to spread the Gospel ing gifts in America and establish outside of. their own community. chapels and preaching points and They are self-respecting and be- pay the Japanese pastors from lieve that one of the main necessi- America, while they preach the ties of an indigenous church is to Gospel. Missionary work must be- bear its own burdens. Their ap- gin that way, but eventually, and preciation of what the missionary just as soon as possible, the and the Westerner have done for churches must be self-directing and them is deep, but they feel that self-supporting. No country has they are no longer children and can ever been evangelized through sub- walk alone. The members of the sidies from the Christian people of church do the necessary work another land, although evangeliza- around the building and take pride tion must begin in that way.

in it. Before the communion be- Does this mean that the mission- gan, the morning I attended, two ary is no longer needed? Not at of the leading men busied them- all. Eighty per cent of the Japa- selves polishing the floor around nese have never heard of Christ.

the pulpit and communion table, There is much pioneering to be where the wet morning and a few done. Then besides, the mission- children's feet had left marks. ary, who in the early days was Young men and women were busy pioneer, preacher, and full director at various tasks prior to the serv- of the missionary enterprise and ice. When men are beginning to the native leaders, is now a counse- think of baptism, they begin to help lor, a friend, working with and about the church building. It is a often under the direction of his sure sign. After they are baptized Japanese brethren. Churches like they are ready to speak publicly for Tennoji are bringing a new day for Christ. Christianity in Japan.

A BUDDmST DlITATION OF A CHRISTIAN HYMN "0 for a thousand tongues to sing "Buddha, the name that kills our fears, My holy Buddha's praise; That bids our sorrows cease; The glories of my teacher great, 'Tis music in the speaker's ears, The triumphs of his grace. 'Tis life, and health, and peace."

WE TRAIN 30,000 CONVERTS*

BY (MISS) M. A. LIVERMORE, Bulandshahr, United Provinces M,ssionary oj the M etholti.t Episcopal Ohurch, 1898- T HIS short review of the young and old between might eas- year's work is an attempt to i.ly learn it and make it a part of tell what our force of one their lives. Our ideal was, and is, hundred and fifty workers have to teach this prayer to every tried to do to help shepherd and Christian in the two districts. Ten train 30,000 Christians. thousand have passed and we are At the beginning of the year we trying to reach the remaining put before ourselves, as workers, twenty thousand.

five leading objectives. The first The third object was hymn and was Bible teaching, in the form of lyric singing. The little song book, Bible stories. These stories were born out of this mass movement about sin and its consequences, the work years ago, is still in: use. Saviour, the evils of drink, what This year at the Bareilly convenprayer does; God's protecting care, tion we "tried out" some new worship of God in prayer, and in hymns and lyrics that had recently song, and at Christmas and Easter come out of the life and experi- time the old, old story of Bethle- ence of some of our preachers and hem and of the empty tomb. To chaudhries. They were such a suc- teach these stories with effective- cess that the 500 copies taken to ness and blessing, all workers in the convention were all sold in ten the district, both men and women, minutes, and 5,000 might have were carefully trained. It was been sold. Requests began coming beautiful to see the way this in from our own and other mistraining reached the men, women sions to have the collection printed and children of the village as they for general use. During the sumretold the stories. Over 9,000 mer the Allahabad Tract Society passed in from one to nine stories. printed the first 10,000 copies. The preachers and Bible women These have been in use in some of who passed the highest number of the fall district conferences of this people were crowned at district area and the workers have taken conference, with garlands of In- home hundreds of copies for sale dian flowers. in the villages. The second objective was to teach every Christian man, wom- The people love to sing and an and child a short prayer. This when the singing is accompanied prayer was: "0 God, forgive my by their drums, violins, cymbals, sins, make my heart clean, bless etc., the effect is inspiring. The my loved ones, bless my village great majority of the village neighbors, for Jesus' sake, Amen." Christians cannot read, but they Very short, do you say 7 Well, it can learn by heart these hymns and lyrics which are saturated had to be short so that the tooth- with Christian truth and teaching. less old woman and the lisping These lyrics with their lilt and grandchild at her knee and all the rhythm and beauty are pushing it From The Inat"an Witness. out the low and unworthy songs 377

learned at mela and bazaar gath- develop in a surprising way. Again erings. and again when a chaudhri or other villager has recited the Bible The fourth objective was to story, bringing out the teaching teach the life of Christ. As in the with all its Oriental coloring, we short prayer, so with the life of have had to exclaim. "He would Christ, the aim is to reach the last have been a great preacher had he Christian of the district, so that found Jesus earlier!" We have no Christian man, woman or child found young men and some village may be found who does not know women who would have made fine the life of Christ in short form. preachers, Sunday-school teachers, We have been at this for nine or or Epworth League presidents had ten years and are still working. opportunity come their way. In 1922 a general examination was held. Nearly 6,000 passed. Since And so the village meeting then we have worked just as hard focuses the Christian teaching and on this objective, but have kept no trains in Christian worship. It account. It is thought that in a is the church service, Epworth year or two another district exam- League, prayer-meeting, and, in ination will take place and it is many villages, the Sunday-school hoped that one half of the Chris- of the village congregation. It is tian population will be able to attended not only by Christians, pass. The examinations are not by but by half the non-Christian popclasses but by individuals. This, ulation of the village. of course, entails an immense amount of work. The great objective of the year's work was to get these "ob- The fifth objective is the Jalsa, jectives" over to the village conor the holding of village meetings. gregations. The workers have It is easily understood that when tried. They are conscious of many the people have been prepared in failures. However, they feel that the above four objectives they are a mile-stone has been reached and ready to take part in a village all are eager to take up another meeting. The talking is not all year's work and thus to push on done by the preacher, Bible wom- to another mile-stone in shepherdan or missionary. The people- ing and training in Christian exmen, women and children-unac- perience these mass-movement customed to public speaking, Christians.

THE STEWARD'S PSALM The Lord is my Partner; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down and rest without worry about tomorrow; He leadeth me beside streams of the Water of Life. He restoreth my spiritual life through His Word; He leadeth me in the paths of right dealing and service to man for His Name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of dead churches and deficits I will not fear to go forward, for Thou art with me; Thy encouragement and Thy guidance comfort me. Thou preparest a table of opportunities before me in the presence of op· position; Thou anointest me with the spirit of joyful giving; my tithing en· velope runneth over. Surely Thy goodness and the blessings of Christian stewardship shall follow me all the days of my life, and I will spend all my days in promoting my Partner's business. Cost of Luxuries-According to ported last year to be $50,862,000 for financial fi~res of the Internal Rev- Home Missions and Church Extenenue office, America spends annually sion; $26,000,000 for Foreign Mis- the following sums for "luxuries" or sions (not including undenomina- "non-essentials": tional gifts); $14,323,000 for Sunday For face powder, cosmetics and schools and church education and, by perfumes, $750,000,000; for cigar- twenty-five Protestant denominations ettes, cigars, tobacco and snuff, $2,- alone $342,552,496 for congregational 110,000,000; for jewel r y, $500,- expenses and a total of $91,845,275 000,000; for joy rides, movies and for all benevolences.

races, $3,000,000,000; for furs, $350,- ** * 000,000; for chewing-gum, $50,- American Wealth–More than. $26,- 000,000; for· ice-cream, $250,000,000; 000,000,000 was on deposit in savings for luxurious service, $3,000,000,000. banks and trust companies of the Other items, make a total of $22,- United States on June 30, 1927. This 000,000,000 spent by America for is an increase of $1,368,094,000 over what the Government statistician calls last year. The growth in the number "luxuries." This Bum is over three of savings depositors is notable. In the hundred times more than is spent for thirty-six States reporting depositors missionary work and over fifty times the increase over last year is 1,592, the amount spent for aU church work. 544. The total number of savings de- *** positors reported in banks and trust Cost of War–In addition to the companies is 48,354,784 but fourteen great cost in suffering and in the loss state banking departments do not call of life or health, ,statistics show that for this information in their reports. " "* . before this generation and the next pay America's cost of the World War, Over 31,710 immigrant aliens were the total amount will be over $100,- admitted into the United States last 000,000,000. The treasury estimate October. Of these 5,102 were from of the actual cost today is $48,000,- Germany, 5,030 from Ireland, 6,342 000,000 or double what was estimated from Great Britain, 1,739 from Italy seven years ago. These figures in- and Sardinia, 2,086 from France and clude cost of military activities (six- 4,195 from Mexico. They included teen billion); naval activities (three 210 teachers, 167 engineers, 130 and one-half billions); interest on war clergy, 1,639 clerks and accountants, debt (eight billions); Veterans' Bu- 3,820 servants and 5,339 laborers.

reau (two and one-half billions) and """ other expenditures eighteen billions. Criminal Youth-An "astounding The War Veterans Bureau is the big- number of youths have embarked on gest item in the Cost of Government. careers of crime" in New York State, "" " and especially in New York City, said Cost of Religif.i'n-Church property John S. Kennedy. Chairman of the in the United States is reported by State Commission of Correction, in a the "Handbook of the Churches" to recent report.

be worth nearly three billion dollars "It has been truly said, 'The crim- ($2,820,222,000). The annual expend- inal of today is only the reckless, diffi- itures by all the churches were re- cult, unadjusted child of yesterday.'

379 Boys of sixteen and up to young men ten times as much as is needed for of twenty-one years of age overflow medicinal uses. our penal institutions, the major portion of them charged with all kinds of *** crimes of violence against persons and property." Prohibition and Business-In 1917 America was wet. More than 200,- "A student of criminal activity as- 000 saloons were destroying the thrift serts that although only 2 per cent of and efficiency of the American people. New York's population come in con- There were that year, 7,269 building tact with the law, charged with crime, and loan associations in the United 44 per cent of the crimes committed States with a total membership of 3,- are by boys under twenty-one years 838,612, and total assets of $1,769,- old. For the year ending June 30,1927, 142,175. In 1926 the total number of 227 boys between sixteen and twenty associations was 12,000 with a total were committed to state prisons, and membership of 11,275,000 and total 100 twenty-one years of age; 505 be- assets of $6,280,000,000. Prohibition tween these ages were sent to the New has been a big factor in the marvelous York State Reformatory at Elmira; growth of these financial institutions. 559 between sixteen and twenty-one, and 186 twenty-one years of age were Henry Ford says that prohibition committed to s tat e penitentiaries. has reduced the liquor problem among County jails received thirty-four six- his workers to a point where it can be teen years of age, 4,835 between six- easily handled. Before prohibition teen and twenty-one and 1,310 twenty- each group of 5,000 contained 100 who one years of age." gave trouble through drinking. Now, however, there are not as many as ten *** in each group of 5,000 who give trouble. The men are working more, Causes of Death-Heart disease was working better, wasting less and savthe greatest cause of death in America ing more. The wives are now getting last year. Next came pneumonia, in- what the saloonkeepers formerly reflammation of the kidneys, cancer and tuberculosis. ceived.

The death rate Der 100,000 esti- *** mated population was 1,222.7 in 1926 and 1,182.3 in 1925. Deaths from dis- Growth in Divorce-One divorce to eases of the heart increased from every five marriage licenses issued was 191,226 in 1925 to 209,370 in 1926, the the ratio in Chicago during three. rate jumping from 185.5 to 199.1 per months. In ten years the ratio of un- 100,000. Tuberculosis was the cause happy to successful marriages has of 91,568 deaths. doubled. Judges ascribe the increase chiefly to changing economic condi- *** tions and to departure from the old- fashioned family life with its teach- The Drug Evi/.–"No country suf- ings and its restraints. fers more from the narcotic drug evil than the United States," declared Dr. From bench, bar, church and civic van Dyke, recently. It is estimated and social organizations the cry is that there are at least 1,500,000 drug arising that the divorce evil "perhaps addicts in this country, many of them constitutes the greatest menace to boys and girls. American institutions."

As remedies, he advocates a restric- Last year there were 38,094 martion of the production of the opium riage licenses issued in Cook County poppy, and strict.er enforcement of ex- and 7,285 divorces granted. In eight isting laws. years the number of divorces granted has doubled, while marriages have in- This evil can be checked by inter- creased one eighth. In the past forty national cooperation in addition to years the ratio of divorces to mardomestic legislation. The poppy is riages has increased from one divorce grown to an amount that is more than in seventeen marriages to one in five.

Of THE

A wakening in Korea the people. At Yandukwon, the Christians fasted and prayed for T HE Koreans have, from the seven weeks before the special first introduction of Chris- services and spent one whole night tianity forty-five years ago, in prayer. Before the first service been peculiarly receptive of the the people spent three hours congospel message. Had it not been fessing their sins and asking forfor strong opposing forces, there giveness. The evidence of the is reason to believe that the whole power of the Holy Spirit coming land would have become Christian. on the Christians was their eager- Even now it exerts the most ness to win others to Christ. They powerful influence of any religion went to every house in the village or philosophy. The Church is pe- and the movement spread. culiarly vigorous and apostolic in its spiritual life and work. Dr. THE Mott has even said that Korean New Policies in Japan Christians are of the type that Presbyterian Board of would evangelize the world if other Foreign Missions has recently lands should lapse into heathenism. adopted the policy of reduc- The Korean Christian community ing subsidies for work carried on today numbers over three hun- under the Church of Christ in Ja~ dred thousand, or two per cent of pan, and of discontinuing subsidies the population – a much larger for new work. The Japanese Synod proportion than in China, Japan has accepted this policy beginning or India. But the work of evan- March 31st, 1928, when the Jap- geJization is progressing and over anese presbyteries will take over one million copies of scripture por- the supervision of aided churches tions are being sold annually in under the plan of decreasing the Korea.· There have already been subsidies from foreign funds. This distributed enough copies of the decrease will continue until the Word of God to supply one to mission subsidies disappear en- every man, woman and child of the tirely.

eighteen million Koreans. The Synod of the Church of Rev. M. B. Stokes, of the Meth- Christ in Japan is also considering odist Episcopal Church, South, a plan to recognize missionaries as writes that this year has been members of the presbyteries but marked by a new religious revival. without vote unless they occupy The Korean Christians themselves pastorates in Japan or are given are conducting the evangelistic voting privileges by the pres- campaigns and as a result interest bytery. The right to vote may be has greatly increased. The spirit limited to ordained men in charge of prayer is especially marked. of churches with fifty or more Power from God is working among members and contributing three 881

hundred yen or more per year. The largely fro m Christian homes. Japanese desire to have mission- There were eighty-five applicants, aries and their work entirely un- of good quality, one the daughter der the supervision of standing of a leading physician of the city. committees of the presbyteries. Mr. Spencer continues: "Not A committee has been appointed alone has fine devotion been called to consider the advisability of mak- forth from our Japanese brothers ing changes in the constitution and and sisters by our lack, but more canons of the Church with refer- and more we are being driven to ence to eligibility of missionaries' the more intensive spiritual min- istry, rather than the administravote in the presbytery and synod. tive work of the past. In the past While conditions are changing in few months I have repeatedly had Japan as elsewhere, the Japanese to decline calls for spiritual work Christian church leaders earnestly from sheer overcrowding of the desire foreign missionary workers schedule. The calls included a reto continue their help in evangeliz- turn engagement to the Girls' Coling Japan and in training future lege; a Bible class in the Post Office; spiritual addresses at our leaders. big Haketa railroad station; an- The Rev. Robert S. Spencer, mis- other possible class at the First Bank; all are waiting. 'Ye are sionary in Fukuoka, writes that the salt of the earth'-and as the Japanese colleagues plead for more Chinese girl explained it, salt help. They are not asking for makes people thirsty. Our real job money, but for the help that comes is being such excellent salty Chrisfrom the missionaries' personali- tians that all about us will be ties and message. "A pastor of thirsty for the Living Water." thirty-five years experience, Brother Sugihara, declared with tears in A Nanking Agreement his eyes that he had never seen such open doors, especially in the C HINESE Nationalist author- ities have finally reached an educational world, and that for agreement with the Amerimissionaries to leave now would be can Government on the Nanking striking a blow at the Japanese incident of March, 1927, when Dr. Church. He said: 'The mission- John E. Williams was killed and ary has an unique contribution much American property was de- stroyed. No demand has been which we need.' " made by the American missions for indemnity but the American It is significant that the faculty State Department made an agreeof the Government Girls' High ment by which the Nationalist School at Saseho recently awarded Government has given guarantee3 Bibles to the honor students. The and promise of compensation for faculty of Fukuoka Jo Gekko (a losses incurred. mission school) in an effort to minimize the entrance examination The Nationalist Government in evil, announced that applicants making amends for the attack on whose parents would pledge that Americans when Nationalists octheir children would take no other cupied Nanking, expressed "proexamination provided they wereadmitted to this school, would be taken first. It was expected that perhaps one half of the seventy students would corne that way,

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

found regret" at the indignities to General Chang, who was one of the American flag and to the Marshal Feng's leading generals American Government. It placed and a very earnest Christian evan- the blame on Communists, but as- gelist, said recently in an address, sumed full responsibility and guar- that Marshal Feng's visit to anteed Americans against further Moscow had deceived him in reagitation and similar violence. It gard to the real basis and charundertakes to make complete com- acter of Sovietism. While he has pensation for all damages, and a lost ground spiritually, yet Genmixed Sino-American commission eral Chang maintains that Marshal is to be set up to appraise the damages. Feng is still a Christian at heart and greatly needs the prayers of U. S. Minister MacMurray re- all Christians in his present very newed the statement of Secretary difficult position. Marshal Feng Kellogg of January 27, 1927, that has shown many evidences in the the United States stood ready to past of being a loyal follower of negotiate for a revision of its Christ. He has been the means of treaties with China when any dele- leading many Chinese soldiers into gation fairly representative of all the Christian faith and it is our China appeared for that purpose. hope and belief that he will yet be widely used to extend the Kingdom Who can tell how soon this will be? of God in China. Pray for him.

The Case of Marshal Feng It is reported that General Chang, his friend and former I N OUR March number refer- Chief of Staff, has resigned from ence was made to this famous his position in the army, because "Christian General" and to a of the very great difficulty of statement attributed to him to the maintaining his Christian standeffect that he is no longer a Chris- ards in that connection, and in tian. In view of other testimonies order that he may devote himself from him and about him, we are entirely to evangelistic work. He slow to believe the truth of this has sometimes been called "The statement. While Marshal Feng's Billy Sunday of China." stay in Moscow evidently clouded his vision and warped his judg- Opposition in Damascus ment, there does not seem to be any reason to believe that he has T HE French authorities in renounced his faith in Christ. That Damascus have recently, on he has backslidden from his former complaint of the Moslems, faith and works there seems to be closed the reading-room opened by no doubt. Marshal Feng is in a Pastor Nielson. The ground of very difficult position as a general complaint was a Christian book holding the balance of power in given to one or two Moslems at the midst of anarchy and strong their own request. The Moslems anti-foreign feeling in China. This are evidently alarmed for fear that feeling has turned Marshal Feng their co-religionists cannot withagainst foreigners, including many stand the influence of Christian missionaries, because of his belief literature. The authorities have that they are not unselfish friends also asked Pastor Nielson to leave of China. Damascus for a time.

Progress in the Philippines trated in the religious processions and ceremonies conducted by REMARKABLE progress has Spanish priests and friars! At been made in the Philipp~nes this Young Men's Conference last during the last twenty-eIght New Year there were gathered 469 years, since America has assumed delegates, of whom 195 were Protcontrol. From superstition, big- estants, 94 were Roman C~tholics, otry and intolerance the islanders 13 Mohammedans, 7 Aghpayans, have come into a large degree and 5 Buddhists. They included of enlightenment, openmindedness beside Filipinos, Chinese, Siamese, and freedom. From absolute dom- Japanese, Javanese and Ameriination from Spain and the Roman cans. Jesus Valenzuela, a young Catholic hierarchy the y have Filipino Christian leader, writes: gained their civil and religious "The main topic was 'The Chrisliberty. Their physical and edu- tian Socialization of the Indicational development make the vidual.' . . . There was a lot of transformation fro m the olden preparation for good citizenship days seem like a miracle. From at the conference. It afforded exmedievalism many districts of the ceptional training in leadership islands have advanced into twen- and fine fellowship. The confertieth century cleanliness, light and ence was also a contribution to power. New roads, better hous- student .and community morale. ing, segregation of lepers, hygiene Young men who are to become and sanitation, the development of future leaders of the country commerce and industry have made learned how to use religious ideals the country over. But the most in solving national problems." hopeful prospect is in the education of the youth into more en- Such conferences are of real lightened Christian ideals. value but they miss their high pos- sibilities if they fail to lift up One of the evidences of this Jesus Christ as the one Way of life progress is the Young Men's and wisdom and power, and His Christian Association Conference Gospel as the one way out of failheld at Baguio last January. What ure and death. This is the Gospel a contrast to the forms of religious that the Filipinos and the world instruction and eJCpression illus- needs.

A RECENT CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE IN THE PHILIPPINES LITTLE DROPS OF INK. LITTLE LINES OF PEN MAKE THE INDIA INKLINGS TELL US WHY AND WHEN I BEST MISSIONARY METHODS FOR marvel how you can expect to teach CHILDREN these little Crabs to walk straight in By MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH, Rochester, a mere hour one day a week, when on New York all the other six days of the week their mothers and fathers are walking so Author of "Merry-Go-Round," "A Ohlna crooked at home I" ShepherUe8B," Eto., Etc.

There is a very delicious tale of There is no story so applicable tc how, one day, the Fish became dread- missionary methods! For we realize fully worried over the way some little that "The world wa~k8 forward on the Crabs were walking. "But that isn't feet of little children" and we don't the way to walk, at all, my dears!" the want it to walk crookedly; yet every Fish cried earnestly, and instantly teacher knows that all the very simple started a class to show them exactly understandable ABC's she teaches on how. The little Crabs were just as a Sunday about such big issues as much in earnest over it so that the "race relations," "international ap- Fish sent them home exultantly: preciation," and "world fellowship" ''You're getting the knack! Come back can be shattered in the first half hour next week and we'll show you some after the child reaches home. more." It would seem, therefore, as if like But the next week, alas! the gait of charity-Best Missionary Methods for the little crabs was as woefully side- children should begin at home. The wise as ever; indeed week followed Cradle Roll, Kindergarten and Priweek with new lessons which seemed mary superintendents can do an into be learned faithfully at the time, valuable piece of education in this only to appear quite forgotten the next connection, fostered by the Woman's week. Missionary Society and the Girls'

So the Fish did what all good teach- Mission Club in preparing some of the ers have done since the world began, material necessary, basing their pro- -they held a conference with a meth- cedure on three very simple premises: ods class, which was addressed one day by a perfect whale of a Fish: 1. MOTHERS LOVE BABIEs! There- fore, why not send (or loan) leaflets, "Ladies and gentlemen," said he, "I stories, books, and pictures, collected 4 385 in the most attractive manila enve- ating mothers, calling it perhaps "The lope, about babies of other lands, to Hand That Rocks the Cradle": What all mothers with babies on the Cradle does that hand want for the little Roll? It may be necessary to augment cradle roller? The children themthe number of Cradle Roll callers by selves should be entertained by games volunteers who feel this service is and stories in another room, otherwise significant enough to warrant several the mothers will have their attention calls a year, instead of the usual seriously divided! A church in New annual visit. Asia, The National Geo- York recently gave "Just Suppose" at graphic, and denominational missionary magazines, as well as denomina- a mothers' and daughters' banquet. tionalleaflets, all have unusual pictures This little play is in "Short Missionary of babies and mothers the world Plays" published by the George H. around. Books such as "The Child in Doran Company, New York. A Presthe Midst," "A Straight Way Toward byterian church in Rochester, New Tomorrow," "Please Stand By," and York, has had for years an organiza- "Lotus Buds" have pictures and sto- tion known as "Mothers of the Temries about young children sure to in- ple," with regular meetings for the terest a mother. Every loan or every gift of material should be accompanied discussion of all the problems a mother by a special personal letter, addressing faces in bringing up children in a the mother intimately and telling with Christian way. Any number of all the charm and whimsicality pos- churches today have parents' classes; sible the desire of Christian women to it would seem as if every little while bring the ends of the world into one they could and should get better perneighborhood of warm acquaintance, spective on their own problems by and here is a beginning: "To intro- looking at the whole world of little duce to you the mothers and babies of children. Surely several meetings other lands, so that you may love them could well be given over to the study a little more, and worry over them a of how the children of today may best little more, and want them to share meet their world tomorrow in a Christhe best you have a little more than tian way. you have ever wanted this before!" (1) Are we satisfied with the pres- There is the added suggestion of ent average church member, as such? having a Young Mothers' Party in Does he see things "in the large," or your church once or twice a year, is Jesus' way of life an enigma to him? sponsored by the Woman's Missionary How can this "way be made straight" Society and the Cradle Roll and Kin- in the hearts of parents first, and then dergarten. The writer remembers a in the hearts of children? What did Valentine Party when a large red Jesus come to do? heart was given to each mother when she entered, with the beguiling picture (2) If the word "missions" is taboo, of some little foreign baby on it, an why? Because some straight-laced interesting leaflet or a typed story of narrow souls once created prejudices that baby pasted on the other side of in our heart, is that any reason why the heart-its quaint name, what that we should be unwilling now to let name means, customs in regard to Christianity loose in the world through naming, feeding, amusing, and dress- radiant lives? What else is missions ing the baby, etc., etc. For the program but everybody everywhere learning to cradle songs of all nations were sung follow Jesus Christ? What Christian by "mothers" of all nations, in cos- honestly dares to object to this? tumes, several of whom then told the life stories of their children. A simple (3) What ways are there of making and almost impromptu dramatization world friendships inescapably intercould be worked up by such imperson- esting and vital in the lives of boys and girls?

(4) If mothers dread another war and its toll of sons, what connection is

METHODS FOR WORKERS

there between world missions and ing…..and wouldn't the Honorable world peace'1 Two quotations are apt: Mist! You like to have her other dolls "In hearts too young for enmity There lies the way to make men free; take a pretend trip to Japan-it would When children's friendships are world· mean packing a pretend trunk, sailing wide in a pretend ship, landing in a pre- New ages will be glorified. tend Japan, having pretend tea-parties Let child love child, and strife will and meeting this very real enclosed cease, Miss Plum Blossom; etc., etc. By Disarm the hearts, for that is peace." suggesting enough things to do, and by giving a book of stories also sug- Someone has said: "I can never feel gestive of further developments one hate for any nation if I have even one can really "start something." The /1-iend who is a member of it. I think of that friend and I cannot hate."

Perhaps a debate on this thought would be most stimulating in a par· ents' class: "Resolved, that Christian missions can do more to promote world peace than disarmament." For books see "On Earth-Peace," "World Missions and World Peace," and the magazine, The World Tomorrow.

(5) Sometimes the review of a book is an eye-opener to a new conception of the world. Such books as "Mother India," "Things As They Are," "Thinking Black," "Up from Slavery," "The Debt Eternal," "New Paths for Old Purposes," and a dozen others cannot help but challenge the respect and sympathy of intelligent persons.

So much for what can be attempted with parenthood. Now for childhood!

2. CHILDREN LOVE NEW PLA.Y- MOTHERS LOVE INDIAN BABIES THINGS. This second promise is so possibility of dolls of other nationaliself-evident that it is curious we have ties then occurs to you: the dressing not used the fact more largely in the of them is always fun, the finding of spread of missionary interest. For the suitable stories to accompany them, Mysterious Charm of Bundles could and the penning of an intriguing letbe such an ally! There are always ter of suggestions is equally interestbirthdays, Christmas, sick-at-home ing work. A little girl who really times, when something arriving at the loves dolls is a mother to them; when front door done up in ribbons can be once she has loved a doll of another so very intriguing! Perhaps a doll- nationality she has quite literally is there any earthly reason why American girls must receive only American dolls? Japanese curio shops have such fascinating and reasonable Japanese dolls of all sizes-tiny dolls to be tied on the backs of larger dolls, both to be accompanied by a book or booklet of missionary stories about Japan, with a special personal letter written to "Honorable Dear Miss You!" explaining how and why "we" are arriv-

started developing an "international Along somewhat the same line is mind." the "Thank You" Contest, which cre- ates international thinking as far as A further idea along this line is indebtedness goes, to the ends of the fully as effective, the preparation of earth. Give to each pupil in the class, Loan Boxes containing dolls, model or department, a long strip of cardhouses, stories, etc., only one nation- board. At the top he is to draw a picality to a box. which may become ture of his own home, and underneath known as the China Box, the India to make a list of the various things in Box, the Mexico Box. It is in the it, by rooms: "In the hall is-" etc. preparation of this material that a Then opposite the articles he is to Woman's Society and a Girls' Club can write the places where the objects be asked to cooperate. The work will properly came from originally, with be amusing, and the need for secrecy as much of the procedure of obtaining and mystery makes one seem like a them as he can discover. The best list Santa Claus on a world scale, creating will, of course, be the fullest. Omit a very warm-hearted feeling between the dining-room and pantry from this departments and groups. The boxes list. can be kept two weeks and then exchanged for other playthings. A second development will be an- other long strip of colored cardboard, For older boys and girls there is a at the top of which is to be pasted whole range of other possibilities, a picture of the boy or girl, with a e.g., jig-saw puzzles, mount large pic- list to follow of his wearing apparel, tures with a special significance as to jewelry, etc., where obtained, etc. race and interesting situations (or maps surrounded by small but graphic A third long strip of cardboard can pictures) on fairly heavy cardboard, be headed: "My Daily Bread" with and cut out in unusual shapes. Give the picture of a table spread for a one such picture to each pupil in an meal. This can be interestingly deenvelope to be worked out at home, veloped with colored advertisements and then have a Short Story Contest found in the various women's magaon each picture–what do you suppose zines, where sugar and olives and it is all about? Where is it happen- dates and oranges, tea and coffee and ing? Who are these people? Why? fruits and vegetables are so often pic- When? etc. The pupils are to take tured, and even their sources shown. home an envelope each Sunday and re- In fact, pictures on the two other lists turn it with their original story the will add greatly to the fun of preparfollowing week, then take another, ing them. (In a group of Junior High and another. Great interest can be Girls the suggested headings for these aroused over this "World Acquaint- three discussion topics, which were to ance Plan" both in the church, and in be simply dramatized instead of posthe home, if deacons are asked to be terized, were: "The House Beautiful," the judges of one picture and all the "The Perfect Lady," and "The Wellstories about it; trustees of another; Balanced Meal," the latter to be ushers of a third; men's Bible class brought in balanced on a tray by girls of a fourth; etc. A special Sunday in costume, impersonating the world session could be set aside when each workers who obtained the commodipicture could be thrown on a screen ties. For suggestions see Chapter II by a Balopticon, while tihe winner of the current Junior textbook "Please reads aloud the story adjudged the Stand By.") best on that picture. With appropriate hymns and Bible readings, and These few suggestions show how the special invitations to parents to at- missionary interest, like a game of tend, considerable value can be derived tennis, can be volleyed back and forth from such a continuous plan covering from the school to the home. A third a number of weeks. general scheme is more obvious: S. Boys AND GIRLS LOVE TO READ.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Yet the churches which write into all ages. If children are to know, their annual budgets any amount they must read. "Give ye them to whatever for the training of world read," as Paul said to Timothy. Christians could be counted on the fingers of two hands. There are so SPEAKING OF BIRTHDAYS. Several demany thrilling tales of adventure and nominations print missionary prayer heroism in Christian missions which calendars with the birthdays of the boys and girls enjoy that it seems a missionaries listed day by day. One year the writer tried an interesting pity for more churches not to be tak- experiment-she had a list of every ing a definite step to acquaint them pupil in the department, with birthday with the wonders and glories of the dates and addresses. By arranging greatest adventure in the world. In these in order and referring to the case neither church nor school authori- same date in the prayer calendar it ties have tried to do this, the person was possible to select a missionary for reading this article is herewith chal- every scholar; and on the proper date AN INTERESTING CHINESE FAMILY lenged with the task! Make a list of a picture postcard of the missionary's all the persons you can approach for country was mailed, saying: "This is the donation of a book-perhaps if to wish you a wonderful birthday and they bought the book individually, and to tell you that celebrating with you read it, and inscribed it as their gift, on the very same day is So-and-So it might do double duty, so have an- from Such-and-Such-a-Place," adding other list of books sure to thrill. something both entertaining and curi- Among the very best are: "Living- osity-provoking about either the place stone, the Path Finder," "Ann of or the person. The next day a follow- Ava," "Judson, the Pioneer," "Ugan- up envelope arrived, containing an da's White Man of Work," "The White interesting leaflet about the country Queen of Okoyong," "The Life of or a story about the people there-al- John G. Paton," "The Book of Mis- ways with a gay personal remark to sionary Heroes," "Bearers of the give the intimate appeal: "Here's Torch," "The Black Bearded Barba- some more about So-and-So, your rian," "The Moffats," all of these biog- birthday partner!" Sometimes a third raphies. There are numberless books envelope and leaflet was sent on the of stories and adventures suitable for third day. The plan was an over-

whelming success as far as interest on the wall might begin by being only went, for birthdays are such personal a very large piece of paper. Then, occasions that it is flattering to share like Carey's home-made map opposite them with someone celebrated and im- his cobbler's bench, this one may be portant in the world. allowed to grow bit by bit as each new A simpler plan, considerably easier Sunday sees another country drawn in on the teacher (!) and more stimulat- by the pupil who has selected it for ing to the imagination, would be to "his" missionary. In any case, even have such a prayer calendar kept on on a regularly printed map, the schol- a reference table, provide each pupil ar should write his name on the coun- with a sheet of colored cardboard and try where his missionary lives.

start a contest on "Who Has The Most PARTIES ARE A MISSIONARY ASSET!

Interesting Birthday?" On the poster If you have ever groaned over "hav- should appear the birthday date, and ing" your class at your home for a anything else which lays claim to in- party, because Junior girls are so hard terest, such as certain world events to entertain, then you may be inter– which occurred that date, a mission- ested in a "Dress-Up Box" the writer ary's birthday, pictures of nis adopted has long been adding to, wnere her country and the people there, etc., etc. own class used to solve the party prob- The display of such posters in their lem month after month after month by calendarial order around the walls of dressing up-one as a trained nurse, the department room should prove one as the gorgeous Mrs. Silver Money very stimulating to missionary inter- Bags (with a purse full of silver paper est, especially as the dates fall due money!) others as Hindus, Chinese, when the scholar for the day has five Immigrants, etc. This motley crew minutes to explain his poster, locating instantly wanted to know who they his missionary on a world map, and were, where they came from, and so making his date as interesting as pos- many other hows and whats and whys sible. The choice of a suitable hymn that it meant many a story hour by should belong to the birthday child, the fireside, many a guessing contest and the prayer for the day should link cleverly gotten up on the various that child with that far-flung other countries, many a new game evolved person whose life of usefulness may to focus the attention on a desired seem so full of color and of wonder. point. There were impromptu dramat- Can't you picture some clever girl ics, where Mrs. Silver Money Bags printing hers like a cross- stitch sam- often saved the day by her generosity.

pler with many colored X's to form Certainly other clothes created a truer the words: JAN E S MIT H, HER interest in other nationalities, and B I R T H DAY, with a picture in a many gift boxes were sent nere, there, medallion of some quaint old heroine, and everywhere, and much money perhaps Ann Hasseltine Judson, who, given for projects which had become on such and such a date, 200 years suddenly dearer to their hearts.

ago set sail in an equally quaint old CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL MIND sailing vessel, shown in another medal- THROUGH SERVICE ACTIVITIES. In the lion, for Burma, represented by palm opening months of 1927, an entire de- trees and a hut-on-stilts. Then a nomination of children grew greatly modern ocean liner, the name of the interested in a project presented to living missionary, a picture of his them first on thl! children's page of country, etc., etc. their denominational paper. Week by On the reference table should be week for two months new articles, and kept a list of compiled missionary the printing of their OWn letters in dates and such reference books as reply to these articles, aroused such ''Wonders of Missions" (Mason), and real interest that $550 was easily "Missionaries Every Boy and Girl raised for getting books translated Should Know" (Johnston). The map for the bookless children of the Ori-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

ent. The articles were based on the sketch on page 90 of the textbook also facts given in Chapter V of "Please on the sheet, showing the world's Stand By," the Junior study book for bookcase, one side full, one side empty. 1927-28-showing that boys and girls in the Orient have no story-books, and (3) There was a poster contest, with need them badly! To facilitate the practical appeals for the bookless, sending of gifts in small amounts the judged by the chairman of the Board use of new postage stamps was sug- of Education and two others. gested; instantly the shower started -over $62 the first week! Those de- (4) There was a slogan contest, with siring to duplicate such an experiment, denominationally, may consult back two slogans tied: "No Bookless Coun- try," and "Say It with Books, But Say It with Ours."

(5) There was a five-minute session SOME HAVE BOOKS-SOME HAVE KO],;E, SURELY ~m!ETHING SHOULD BE DONE!

numbers of The Baptist, from the is- spent in giving famous quotations sue of November 13, 1926 for a month about what books are and what they or so thereafter. do.

One local church decided to raise (6) There was another ten-minute $200 for its own translation, and (1) session when a play was given! "The there were four-minute speeches on Book That Fell Through the Earth" the bookless situation, each Sunday, (see Everyland for June, 1927). in every department of the school. (7) There was a splendid final pro- (2) There was the singing of an gram for collecting into a bookcase the original school hymn every Sunday to tiny book-banks (made by a class of the tune Regent Square: Junior High girls) filled with money -nearly $195.* Father, we Thy children thank Thee For the books we love to read- Mention must be made of the now famous Japanese Doll project and the They are keys to wisdom's treasure soon-to-be-famous School Bags for Opening all the lore we need; Mexico; with Lindbergh's recent flight there the imagination of thou- They are trips to lands of pleasure, sands of boys has already centered on Father, books are friends indeed. Mexico; utilize it; help them to "fly" there too! But we hear today with sadness Of the children far away, • Send all money to Miss Alice M. Kyle, Treasurer, Committee on Christian Literature Who are bookless, and we wonder in the Orient, 16 State St., Framingham Cen· If Thou art not saying; "Speed ter, Mass.

And undo this needless blunder, Christian, give ye them to read."

The words were mimeographed in large numbers, with the pen and ink

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK LAW ENFORCEMENT speaking people. But the demand of the railroads and the beet industry for The resolutions passed by a meet- Mexican labor has drawn our parishing of the Woman's National Commit- ioners northward up the Mississippi tee for Law Enforcement held in Valley to Chicago, has scattered them Providence, Rhode Island, May 10-11, throughout the Great Lakes Region, 1927, were carefully considered at the and even pushed them on eastward as annual meeting of the Council of far as New York and New England. Women for Home Missions. After The Mexican is a familiar figure in changes in phraseology they were the employment offices of Chicago. Detroit has its Mexican colony. New heartily adopted as follows: York City is reported to possess be- tween two and three hundred thousand As members of our respective political Spanish-speaking residents. The "solid parties, we pledge ourselves to use our South" is perhaps the only section of utmost endeavors to secure: the country still uninvaded. But Texas is beginning to spill some of its 1. Such presidential and other candi- Mexicans into Louisiana, and Florida dates as shall through their public has its large colony of Cubans. pledges and private performances uphold the Eighteenth Amendment. The possible restriction of Mexican immigration to the United States is 2. Platforms and candidates that rapidly coming to the forefront of stand unequivocally for the support of public interest. Employing interests, the Constitution of the United States. agricultural and industrial, are op- posed to any limitation in the number 3. An administration-federal, state, of entries. But notwithstanding their and local-free from bribery, patronage protests, sentiment for restriction and corruption, pledged to honest enforcement of laws, by men who are for the law and who shall be given sufficient power to be able to fulfill their duty.

If this means the Eighteenth Amendment an issue in the 1928 elections, then we are prepared to make it an issue.

SPANISH-SPEAKING WORK seems to be gaining ground. As long as he comes in such numbers, the Mex- By CHARLES A. THOMPSON ican can but slowly adjust himself to Ours is the privilege of working at American life; further, the new ar- a growing task. The number of Span- rival serves to overstock the labor ish-speaking people in the United market and keep down the wages of States is constantly increasing. Coin-" the resident Mexican.

cident with the Immigration Act of If restriction is effected, we must 1924, there took place a decided reduc- strive that it in no way reflects "UpOn tion in the number of Mexican entries. Mexico's prestige or injures Mexican- But each subsequent year has shown American relations. These latter have a definite increase in the number of undoubtedly shown an improvement Mexican immigrant aliens admitted. during the past year. The tension in In 1925, 32,964 entered; in 1926, 42,- the dispute concerning the oil and 638; and this last year, 1927, the land laws has lessened. The religious figure was 66,766. Save for one year, conflict rests at present in a deadlock, 1924, when we received 87,648 Mex- with no immediate prospect of solu- icans, this is the largest number of tion. It has served to" transfer to this entries in all our history. country a considerable number of We are engaged in a task which is priests and nuns, many of whom have now nation-wide. The Southwest still found employment in the churches and holds the majority of our Spanish- schools of the Southwest. The selec- 392 tion of Dwight W. Morrow, as our There are over 800 different enternew ambassador, has had a most fa- prises located at 800 different points; vorable effect. In his speech to the boarding and day schools number American colony of Mexico City, he thirty-four. As befits good seed sown reminded them of the words uttered in good soil, the work is growing with twenty years before by Secretary of astonishing rapidity. State Elihu Root during his visit to Mexico: "You not only represent your Interdenominational Conncil on country, but you have a duty to perform toward the country in which you Spanish-Speaking Work live. While you continue to be good, loyal American citizens, you should be The office of Executive Secretary good loyal Mexican residents." In the was instituted in December, 1924. same spirit we may call upon the Mex- Perhaps the most concrete, though not icans in the United States, while they the most accurate way of measuring continue to be good loyal Mexican the growing importance of this work citizens to be also good loyal American is the amount of financial support ac- corded to it. The amounts are as folresidents. lows: 1924-1925, $400.00; 1925-1926, Steady and encouraging progress, $1,540.68; 1926-1927, $3,349.58. These totals include both the amounts given under the blessing of God, has been for the office of Executive Secretary made by all the denominations at work. and for Nueva Senda, the monthly A spirit of optimism rules. The eyes paper in Spanish. of faith see great victories in the future. The El Paso Congress, which Nueva Senda seems steadily making met in December, 1926, emphasized a more secure place for itself. We the basic importance of Spanish-speak- are striving constantly to improve and ing work, and its discussions helped strengthen it. Through the generous to define and clarify partially many of cooperation of Dr. Worth M. Tippy, Secretary of the Commission on the our problems. Church and Social Service of the Fed- The greatness of our task is making eral Council of Churches, Nueva Senda is publishing a series of four-page for us unified effort and cooperative supplements, dealing with the social enterprises. Space permits us to men- problems which affect the Mexican imtion but a few examples. In Pasadena, migrant. The first supplement pub- lished in August discussed the social California, where the Methodists have ideals of the Protestant churches; the been allocated the responsibility for second, published in connection with Mexican work, a student from the the December issue, is devoted to Baptist Seminary is assisting the child labor. Methodist pastor. This past year witnessed the organization in Chicago of In recent issues, Rev. Guillermo A. a joint Congregational-Presbyterian Walls, widely and favorably known church for the Spanish-speaking peo- for his pUblications in the field of reple. The Southern California Mexican ligious education, has edited a young Sunday School Association, embracing people's page. Mr. Alberto Rembao has rendered effective services to all the evangelical denominations ex- Nueva Senda. He has carried the cept one, continues to exert a unifying greater part of the editorial work in influence. In Wichita, Kansas, the Spanish, and his counsel has been of union church under the supervision of value in determining the policy of the the local Council of Chur·ches, pros- paper. Natural literary facility and previous journalistic experience fit him pers. for increasingly fruitful service in Few missionary fields can report as this field.

much definite progress as can our en- Nueva Senda should be pushed, as deavors among the Spanish-speaking an organ of interdenominational acpeople of the United States. More than 22,000 communicant members are now enrolled in 888 churches.

quaintance, of instruction in practical In the years following, there was no methods of evangelism and religious regular organization or meetings.

education, and of spiritual inspiration However, in 1911, a Missionary for the advance of the whole Kingdom. Union was organized, having a con- Two more excellent tracts have come stitution and by-laws, and holding at from the pen of Dr. J. H. Heald and least one meeting each year. The Day have been published by the American of Prayer is observed, the MISSIONARY Tract Society. They are entitled (in REVIEW, Everyland and the women's Spanish) "What Christians Think of missionary magazine of each denomi- the Church" and "What Christians nation represented are placed on the Think of Society." Already they have tables of the city reading room, and received a cordial welcome. books are added each year to the mis- We learn to work together by actu- sionary alcove of the city library. At ally working together_ Such associa- the present time, there are 541 memtion brings a more realistic apprecia bers in the Union, and, during the past tion of the difficulties of our coopera- year, the contributions amounted to tive ventures. But it also results in $3,336.

the recognition of our growing unity CHURCH ARCHITECTURE and interdependence. We are close'

together than we realize. We know Statement by a Constituent Board of the Home Missions Council each other better. We love each other more intelligently. Perhaps, also, we We believe the time is at hand for have come to share more of the spa the Church to take an advanced stand cious spirit of our Master, who prayed in the whole matter of church build- that we might all be one. ing. We should no longer suffer ugly and inadequate buildings to be erected.

FORTY-EIGHT YEARS AGO Ugliness, slovenliness or unsuitable ar- By MARY L. TRESSLER NEWCOMER rangements should be looked upon as evidence of irreverence and careless- At our request, Mrs. C. B. Newcomer, ness in sacred things. Historian-Librarian of the Union in Carthage, Illinois, gives this interesting Your church edifice as a center for glimpse into the past. The young girl ministry of worship, evangelism, inwho recorded these minutes of the meet- struction, fellowship and service ing in 1880 later became a missionary in merits the best possible planning and India. We would be glad to hear from care. It should concretely represent other wo men's interdenominational the faith that gave it expression_ As groups which have record of meetings or a sanctuary, the very architecture committees before 1910.

On August 24, 1880, upon the invita- should tend to induce the spirit of rev- tion of Mrs. Peter Wanner, wife of the erence and worship. As a school and Methodist pastor, the missionary so- social building, it should efficiently cieties of the Presbyterian, Methodist, care for the standard educational pro- Baptist, Episcopalian, Christian and gram of your church.

Lutheran churches of Carthage, Illi- Recognizing that the building of nois, met in the Lutheran church in a churches is a highly specialized task, union service. No records of this in which many otherwise good archi- union have been preserved, but the tects are unskilled, we urge the selec- minutes of the Lutheran society give tion of architects who understand a detailed account of this early ven- something of the history of church ture. The program included devo- architecture, who appreciate the archi- tional exercises, several essays, a se- tectural features making for reverence lected reading and discussions on the in worship, who thoroughly under- following subjects: "How shall we in- stand the demands of a modern church terest the young ladies?" "How shall program and who have had actual and we best secure regular attendance of successful experience in the building membership?" of churches.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MESSAGES FROM OTHER LANDS We are presenting with this num- MISS MABEL CRATTY ber brief paragraphs from the addresses of three nationals who thrilled college of which she was a graduate all our hearts at our annual meeting she was called by one who knew her this year. Miss Wu is taking her welI- Ph.D. at the University of Michigan and has been invited to be the President of Ginling College. Miss Esperanza Abellera, a sweet songbird from the Philippine Islands, is one of the young leaders whose career we will follow with deep interest, and Miss Habboob is the first Mohammedan woman to come to America from Syria to study medicine that she may fit herself to go back and help the chi! dren and women of her loved land. I wish all our readers might have heard these marvelous messages. In later editions of the Bulletin we will hear from others.

In recording the homegoing of our beloved Miss Mabel Cratty we do it with a deep sense of loss which will be felt around the world by the missionary women.

Mabel Cratty – International States- "Seer of visions and doer of deeds to the end that life shall be more woman complete for women every- where; The tinal test of leadership is whether or not the influence and in- Poet and philosopher, whose every spiration go on when the leader stands judgment points to whatsoever apart in the clear light. of eternity. things are beautiful; There is for all women working either at home or abroad in the enterprise Explorer of the hearts of women, of foreign missions a continuing in- discovering them to themselves; spiration in the life of Mabel Cratty, the niece of a great missionary bishop, Teacher of life, whose scholarly Dr. James M. Thoburn of India, and guidance has led many in the the executive secretary of the Nation- paths of truth; al Beard of the Young Women's Christian Association from its organization International stateswoman, whose in 1906 to the time of her death on citizenship is of the world; February 27, 1928. Friend of God." When she was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by the Miss Cratty was a stateswoman in international affairs not only because of her place in an international 01.'- ganization with representatives . at 395

work in many lands but most of all colors. But the religion is too perbecause there were no geographical or sonal and fundamental in the concepspiritual limits to her capacity for tion of life, and if we want it to liave fellowship. Her delicately adjusted a fundamental and real value to the sensitiveness to human need and her Chinese mind, it has to be reintertender compassion for all human be- preted by that mind, and that depends ings made it inevitable that she should upon Christian education." think not merely of women in the United States, but of women every- Miss Wu further spoke of the need where. This inevitable world-minded- for Chinese hymns, and closed her ness, rooted in the depth of her address with the slogan of Pastor Wu character, is a quality in Mabel Cratty -"China for Christ and Christ for that will have an abiding influence on China." those with whom she worked or came into touch and through them upon or- Miss Esperanza Abellera of the Phil. ganizations united in the task of making world fellowship. ippine Islands Miss Yifang Wu of Ginling College "I am glad for the commission of Christ, glad for the words, 'All na- Miss Wu spoke of the time of the tions'; for that means that my people looting of Nanking when one of the are included. America sent mission- Chinese young women at GinIing, aries to my country and a people who arguing against the caution of the for centuries lived in darkness have American faculty for them announced seen the Light-lives have been transthat they had counted the cost, that formed, homes sanctified, communities they knew there was a certain risk made better. There has been great of life and reputation and ended by educational and economic development. saying, "If to die for the cause of Much remains to be done. It would Christian education in China is not be a tragedy to withdraw missionaries a worthy cause for sacrifice, what is?" from the Island at this time. Multi- tudes are still unreached-the Moros, Miss Wu showed that through that Igorotes, and others. The growing time of difficulty those Ginling stu- Church in the Island is already senddents were able to demonstrate to the ing out its own missionaries to unsoldiers that the trained Christian touched fields. The student mind is students were as Chinese and as pa- open. They are hungering and thirsttriotic as they who fought for democ- ing for righteousness. We must give racy and the Chinese cause. them that which will satisfy. The church in America can afford to go Miss Wu spoke of the many posi- the second mile in missions. I would tions of leadership to which Ginling like to go back home with the assurgraduates had risen in time of need ance that you will stand by us to the and stressed the need of the work for end. The call I send out comes not these Chinese leaders. only from me but from multitudes in the Philippine Islands who are still "Now we hear of this great move- waiting for the message of salvation." ment for having a Christian Church in China," said Miss Wu. "This marks Miss Sanniyeh Habboob of Syria a new day in the Christian movement in my country, not only because all "I am the first woman who comes the forces would be united, but also from a Mohammedan family to study because the Christian Church in China medicine in the United States. From will have its own way of interpreting the harem to the hospital! From a deits faith. We know when Christianity pendent life to an independent life! was brought to us it came from the From the seclusion of a Mohammedan West; necessarily it came through home to a medical college! Why study Western interpretation and in its medicine and not something else? I

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

had the first chance. I was nine years release their minds from being only old. I stayed in school four years. servants, without hope or outlook. It There was great opposition because I is these things that make any diffi- was the first Mohammedan girl to culties to me easier to bear. The in- enter a missionary school. When I terests and pleasure of having in my entered school my mind began to mind the thought that I am going to grow in a different way from the mind be a sister to women, and a mother, of a Mohammedan girl. I got into not to one child but to thousands." the way of analyzing and verifying things. I asked myself-What is the A GIRL OF AN INDIAN GARDEN* difference between my Christian sister and my Mohammedan mother and sis- By RUTH E. ROBINSON ter? Why is there such a great dif- ference? My mother is perfectly "A Girl of an Indian Garden" rehealthy but has no life and no activ- veals through letters a person of rare ity. Why am I becoming so attached spirit. The letters are selected by her to my teacher? What is the Moham- sister, Ruth Robinson, who has not medan faith and what is Christianity? only understanding aI).d a sense of These were the questions troubling values but the ability of a writer and my mind when I was only eleven years an editor. Both sisters have loved old. But it did not take me long to and served India through the Isabella find out. Thoburn College-the first college of women in Asia-and it is in the life "When I was thirteen I graduated of the college that their interest cenfrom the school and was supposed to ters. be a perfect learned woman with a high school degree, in fact ready for Flora Robinson was a person of marriage, for that is the perfect age high ideals and wide sympathies. She for marriage. Then came the deci- realized these ideals and expressed sion. If I married I would have had these sympathies in practical performno more school life. I was interestet in both religions. I had a special pre ance to Ii degree that is rarely fessor come and teach me Mohammedanism. I studied it five years which achieved. In the midst of the details no other Mohammedan woman had a of plans for the celebration of an anchance to study. Her religion is only niversary she is "constrained to write the teaching that she should pray five a pageant of Lal Bagh for our fiftieth times a day. Finally I did find out anniversary…… It seemed as if the the difference between Mohammedan- very spirits of 'our honored dead' ism and Christianity. It is love-the were there with us on that beautiful love of God. lawn."

"To study medicine at that time was The source of the power of this girl one of the impossibilities for a Mo- of frail body was the close and conhammedan girl. When I first thought stant touch of her spirit with the of it I had eight years before me. Great Spirit who never seemed far off Now it is only three. I came here to but an ever present help. take medicine, not only for my interest in it, but to go back and to be with "Being perplexed, I say, mothers and with little children for 'Lord make it right! whom I can do something-women Night is as day to Thee and children :who are shut up behind Darkness as light. walls still, with no faith and with I am afraid to touch nothing to give them independence to Things that involve so much My feeble hands may shake: Thine can make no mistake- Lord, make it right I' "

-A.G.L.

France. The headquarters in

"Stookholm," a New Quarterly and New York and in Holland are in T HE Continuation Committee of touch with branches in India, Aus- the Universal Christian Confer- tralia, the Dutch East Indies, South ence on Life and Work, held in Stock- Africa, and other parts of the world." holm in August, 1925, has established The agreement to read a portion of a new international review, Stock- the Bible each day and to make it a holm. The first number contains habit to carry a Testament everygreetings from Dr. S. Parkes Cad- where, has 'united several million man and Dr. William Adams Brown, members in all countries. The Amerifor America; the Bishop of Man- can headquarters are at 156 Fifth chester and Principal Garvie, for Avenue, New York City.

Great Britain; Archibishop Soeder- blom, Dr. Kapler, Pastor Wilfred Missionary Training Schoola.

Monod, Bishop Ihmels and Prof. Har- BIBLE Training Schools in Engnack, for the European continent; land and America are making a and Archibishop Germanos for the specialty of training men and women Eastern Orthodox Churches. The journal is in three languages, Dr. for home and foreign missionary Adolf Keller, of Geneva, acting as work. One of the most effective is the the Editor-in-Chief, with Principal Moody Bible Institute of Chicago. A Garvie, Prof. Titius and Rev. Elie recent circular describes a large num- ber of courses provided by trained Gounelle serving as editors for the teachers in preparing pastors and English, German and French sections, other Christian workers for home and respectively. Each article is printed foreign service. Over thirty subjects in the language most natural to the include theology, Biblical doctrine and writer, but following it there is given analysis, story telling, various educaa resume in the two other languages.* tional subjects, music, Sunday-school The Pocket Testament League work, practical medicine and hygiene, comparative religions, the history of T HIS organization, founded by Mr. missions, phonetics, personal evan- and Mrs. Charles M. Alexander in gelism and business courses. Already 1908, has, according to a recent re- 1,436 young men and women have port, "been instrumental in God's been graduated from the Moody Bible hands for carrying His Word to thou- Institute and of these over 1,000 are sands of hungry hearts in many lands at present in active work in home and all over the globe. To a large extent foreign mission fields.

it has been more of a movement than a cut-and-dried organization, although NORTH AMERIVA T there is a definite national headquar- Vhioago'. Day of Prayer ters established in England and the HE Union Ministers' Conference United States, as well as in Canada, of the Chicago Federation of Holland, Germany, Sweden, and Churches, representing about five ~l subscriptions at $2.50 each may be hundred ministers, passed the follow- EplIaIlcsedAwveInthuet,heChCichaicgaog, oIlUl.niversity Press, 5750 ing resolution in appointing a day of 398

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

prayer for the city: "Conditions in thoroughfares, but reach out into the Chicago have reached a place where densely congested tenement-house dis- the ballot box is wantonly violated; tricts.

life and property in large measure are not safe; where the homes of citizens Jews and the New Testament are menaced by bombs; where crime, graft, and corruption are increasingly A BOUT thirty per cent of New York besmirching the good name of our city. The evidence seems clear that .tl. City's population in 1925 was there is a partnership between criminals and some officials. These condi- Jewish, the proportion having retions are destructive of the spiritual mained unchanged since 1916, accordlife of the city. Therefore, be it re- ing to a report of a two-year survey solved that we call upon our people to made public in March by the Bureau assemble in their respective places of of Jewish Social Research. There worship on Wednesday, March 7th, to were 1,503,000 Jews in New York in pray to Almighty God for strength 1916 and 1,728,000 in 1925. The presand vision to discharge our responsi- ent number is estimated at 1,750,000 bilities as citizens in selecting men -"the largest Jewish community the for public office in the primary elec- world has ever known," and in itself tion of April 10th; men who will be a great mission field. Paul I. Morentz, governed by an honest conscience and a Hebrew Christian missionary, writwho will keep the oath of office when ing in The Lutheran of the present atthey take their seats of authority." titude of many Jews toward the New One press report of the observance of Testament, states that Rabbi Isaac the day estimated that 100,000 at- Landman of Temple Israel, Far Rocktended the various services. away, L. I., has introduced the study of the New Testament in his religious school. "The importance of the step," he says, "lies in the fact that Rabbi Evangelum in New York City Landman not only ministers to a large and prominent Jewish congregation, T WENTY-ONE yea r s ago the but is the editor of The American founder of the National Bible In- Hebrew, a popular and influential stitute had a great vision of the need Jewish weekly." The following quotain the city of New York for an evan- tion from that paper shows how the gelistic campaign. The aim was to reach the vast multitudes of the vari- editor justified this step: ous nationalities who have found an abiding place in the United States, The time has come when the New Tes- tament should no longer be a closed book to the Jews. Not so long ago the name but who, apparently, in the majority of Jesus and the Christian holy book of cases, either left their religion in were anathema among our people. The their native land, or else soon forgot Jews will never be able to understand it after coming to their new home. their Christian fellows until they know what there is in the New Testament From a humble beginning of one out- which creates a wall of misunderstanddoor evangelistic meeting a day held ing between them.

at Madison Square Park, New York City, the work has steadily grown Foreign-Born Friends R through the years, until, during the EV. THOMAS BURGESS, D.D., oft h e Protestant Episcopal summer of 1927, the schedule included 168 outdoor evangelistic meetings a Church, reports that its motto is "For week, in addition to four active mis- Every Churchman a Foreign-Born sions, where a gospel Irleeting is held Friend," and says: "Where the for- every night in the year. The outdoor eign-born have no churches of their meetings include noonday meetings in own, the Episcopal Church ministers the financial district, and other centers. directly to them, but tries to keep The evening outdoor meetings are them true to the faith of their fa- conducted not only on the prominent thers. Where they have their own

foreign churches, Orthodox, Catholic, theran and United Brethren. The Lutheran or Reformed, the Episcopal Negro churches were represented as Church helps them to stay faithful, a group, and the Congregational, Asand to fit their churches better into sociated Reformed Presbyterian and American life." Another denomina- Nazarene are expected to come in. tion, the Methodist Episcopal, states Bishop H. M. DuBose, of the Southern that the pastors of its foreign-lan. Methodist Church, was made presiguage churches preach in the follow- dent. "The organization meeting," ing languages: C z e c h, Chinese, says The Christian Century, "was har- Danish, Finnish, French, German, monious and cordial. For some of the Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, participants it was of the nature of Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Por· a new experience. Special attention tuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, will be given to work in rural sections, Swedish, Syrian and Welsh. and to the elimination of unnecessary competition. Bishop DuBose has had American Mission to Lepers a good deal of experience in that sort of thing during his presidency of a NEARLY $1,500,000 has been raised district in the far northwest." An in the United States since 1893 official statement of purposes says: for the work of the American Mission "The council will not seek to unite de· to Lepers. T~e budget asked for 1928 nominations or to discourage them in is $278,000. The Mission to Lepers their work. It will only seek to set was founded in London in 1874 by out facts and situations and to serve Wellesley C. Bailey. Active branches the larger interests of the kingdom have since been established in many for the entire population." parts of the world. The American branch now contributes more annually MOrDlonism and the Government than the parent organization. The Mission officially represents the Prot- MORMON political science is thus estant churches of America, cooperat- summarized in an article in The ing with the regular agencies of the Christian Statesman: "The Governvarious denominations, furnishing ment of the United States, like all buildings and equipment in countries other governments, is illegal. There to which these boards have appointed can be but one perfect governmenttheir missionaries, the missionaries that which is organized by God-by becoming the directors of the work apostles, prophets, teachers, evangelamong the leper populations in their ists. It is not consistent that the peovarious fields. However, practically ple of God should organize or be subnone of these boards contributes fi- ject to a man-made government. . .. nancially to the work of the American Our easy-going American citizens Mission to Lepers. It is entirely de· may treat with indifference, or regard pendent for support upon the indio as a joke, these preposterous claims, viduals and societies and groups of and think them too absurd ever to be various kinds which are voluntarily realized, but think for a moment how contributing toward its work. much of this power is already wielded by the Mormon hierarchy. It holds Tennessee Home Missions Council an immense amount of wealth so that the business world is afraid of giving DENOMINATIONAL leaders of the it offense. It holds the balance of state of Tennessee have just or- power in a number of our states and ganized a state home missions coun- can dictate the selection of state ofcil. Participating in the organization ficials from the lowest to the highest, meeting were representatives of the and can choose the men who represent two Methodist Episcopal Churches, those states in the Congress. Polygthree Presbyterian, the Disciples, the amy as taught and practiced under Baptist, Protestant Episcopal, Lu- the Mormon system is bad enough,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

but this and a multitude of other and no water system. Filth was crimes are possible only because of the thrown into the gutter to rot. The Mormon treasonable system of civil streets swarmed with children who government." were not in school because the schools Our Future Mexican Citizens can accommodate only half the school population."

FUTURE citizens of Mexican blood are growing up in the United The Y. M. C. A. in South America T States by the thousands. The city of HE membership in the Young Men's Christian Associations of Los Angeles, for instance, has more than 25,000 Mexican children in its the Argentine Republic, Brazil, Chile, public schools. Nearly every town Peru and Uruguay, reveals a picture and city from San Diego to Detroit impressive and significant, according has its quota of Mexican children to to Enrique Ewing of Montevideo, who educate. In most communities they writes in The Intercollegian: "These frequently carry off the honors in young men represent a cross-section scholarship and oratory in competition of life in these rapidly developing with Americans of the purest type, countries. They come from the middle and in such things as hand work, class; many are from high school, painting, woodworking, or music the normal and university circles; others Mexican children from segregated are active in professional and business schools decidedly surpass the work of life. Former members of one student the children in the schools from which Association are now scattered over the they are excluded by local race antip- entire republic; they occupy impor- athy. Their teachers find them bright tant state and federal positions; and active, vivacious, obedient, easily young laymen all over the continent controlled, and responsive always to – are beginning to take Association re- kindly and sympathetic treatment. sponsibility seriously. . .'. Much These statements are made by the might be written about the way in· Watchman-Examiner in appealing to which members are beginning to face evangelical Christians to bring to personal problems as well as lend these children the essential moral and themselves for service with under- spiritual influences which are now so privileged, abandoned, and delinquent lacking in their lives. boys. The noticeable increase in the number of individuals and business LATIN AMERICA firms contributing towards the cur- Living Conditions in Porto Rico rent expenses and permanent equip- RETURNING from a visit to Porto ment of our Associations is also a Rico with eight other Congrega- source of encouragement." tionalist home missionary leaders, Rev. George L. Cady, D.D., Corre- Good Friday in Brazil T sponding Secretary of the American HE following description of how Good Friday was observed last Missionary Association, reported that the worst living conditions prevailing year in a town in Central Brazil is anywhere under the American flag are given by an American missionary: on that island. He went on to say: Business houses were open all day, and "The houses are mostly one-room as busy as could be. Mass was cele- huts. If they have partitions these brated outside the church, and in the late are often so flimsy as to be almost afternoon, a sort of bier was carried fictitious. Such homes breed im- around, decorated with flowers and folmorality. Disease, including hook- lowed by a statute of the Virgin Mary. At night the image of the dead C]1rist was prostrate in the church for, every worm, which could be prevented if the one to kiss its feet, and all th~·faithful people could afford shoes, is wide- deposited money in the box. The accomspread. In the city of Ponce we saw panying noise and confusion were indestreets where there was no sanitation scribable. Women chanted in the church, 5

beggars rattled their coins, and whined for our worshippers and also to show for alms just outside, on the steps. others what Buddhism means.' The Booths for sale of drink, coffee, sweets Buddhist priests will be dressed in and trinkets of all varieties were erected robes of orange color. The temple on the grass. Hucksters cried ~heir will fly the Buddhist flag of six colors, wares, gambling dens were opened lIter- blue, red, yellow, white, orange and ally not a stone's throwaway from the the sixth, an amalgamation of the church and people talked and laughed other five, because when Buddha and chatted all the night. The next gained enlightenment under the Bo morning, at ten o'clock, sk;V rockets and tree, tradition says, he was surchurch bells in mad confusIOn announced rounded by an aurora containing all the Resurrection. these."

Building Schools in Paraguay Modern "Mayflower" Voyage REV. FRED W. HUGHES writes THIS name is being used to describe of the buildings which are being "a good-will visit" to the United erected by the Disciples' Mission in States to be made by about 1,200 Brit- Asuncion, Paraguay, where he is at ish Congregationalists in June. The work: "These buildings have already plan originated in England, where it made a contribution to the country in was proposed that an ocean liner be arousing the Catholic Church to do chartered; that it be filled with Consomething for this needy republic. gregationalists of all ranks from Eng- There is a big boys' school about three land, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, inblocks from us, and they have started cluding the leaders, both clerical and to make some improvements. The lay, but also including ministers and Jesuits also are planning to build a laymen from all grades of churches. fine school." He continues: "We were One announcement of the trip states: very much interested in an announce- "This band of pilgrims will land at ment made by the priest at the close Boston on June 11, 1928, and sail from of the mass one morning. He said New York on June 16th. They place they were trying to raise enough themselves unreservedly in the hands money to build a seminary for minis- of American Congregationalists, with terial students, and in order to help the one stipulation that they shall be the cause along they had organized a privileged to conduct on their own raffle. The first prize was to be a account a consecration service at very beautiful image of the boy Jesus. Plymouth Rock. In general, the plan One of the seminary students was provides for spending two days in carrying the image around the church Boston and vicinity, one day in Plymgrounds allowing people to kiss it." outh, and two days in New York. In each of these three places it is planned EUROPE to hold one central meeting, those in Boston and New York probably taking Buddhist Tel11ple in London the form of large banquets."

MOHAMMEDANISM established a Protestant Church in Greece foothold in England several years ago. That Buddhism is seeking STAVROS LAZARIDES, having to do likewise is evident from the been graduated from the Athens following dispatch to the New York School of Religion and remained for Times in March: "The first Buddhist a further year of graduate study, is temple in London soon will be erected now studying for his Ph.D. at the on Gloucester Road. It will be modeled University of Athens. Last summer on that at the famous caves of Ajanta, he carried on Christian work in a place in Hyderabad, India, believed to date of which he writes: "Katerini is a back to 200 B. C. The new temple town at the foot of Mt. Olympus. Four will accommodate 300 persons. 'Our desire is nof to convert,' said Daya Hewaviarne, manager of the Maha Bodhi Society. 'We want the temple

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years ago Protestant families living this object the Society of Friends has before at different places of Asia Min- secured the permission of the Soviet or and other refugees formed a new Government, and the assurance that settlement near Katerina which now suitable buildings will be put at its has 220 families from Bulgaria and disposal, on the understanding that the Russia. Four years ago they lived cost of the scheme shall be met by the in tents. Now they have two-storied Society. Hence an appeal is being houses. Four years ago they had their made to Christian people in America meetings in the open air under a tree. and in England to secure some £20,- Now they have the largest Evangeli- 000. There are no nurses' training cal church building in Greece, in which schools in Russia, and the attention more than 1,000 people can be gath- given to patients is in most cases very ered, and now they are erecting a primitive. The instruction that the school building which will cost more school will give to selected students than 1,000,000 drachmas." will equip them for efficient service among their own people. Preaching in Eathonian Prisons An Austrian Martyr REV. ADAM PODIN describes in Evangelical. CkristenMm an un- THE martyrdom of Balthazer Hubusual experience which he had in visit- maier who was burned at the stake ing a prison in Pernau, Esthonia: "At as a heretic in Vienna in 1528, was the appointed time I arrived at the commemorated in that city March huge gate; it was opened at once. I 10th-11th. The service was arranged saw that the warders had been sta- for by the American Baptist Foreign tioned differently, and they signalled Mission Society, with representatives something. Just as I arrived at the from British, Czech and Swiss Bapprison door beautiful music saluted tists. Wreaths were placed on the me. I stood in their midst during their place where Hubmaier was burned, singing. I found that all the officials one by Dr. H. A. Rushbrooke, another and others had come in to hear the wreath by Dr. James H. Franklin in Gospel. I tried to show the way of the name of American Baptists, and salvation for the deepest sinner. When others by representatives of European I had "finished my work there I asked Baptists, Mennonites and Austrians. the prison master to send the same choir to the other prison as well, to The ceremonies included rememhelp me and cheer up their comrades. brance of Hubmaier's wife who was Here we had again a blessed time, and thrown into one of the branches of the prisoners thanked me heartily. I the Danube and drowned three days have now made arrangements in three after her husband's death. prisons, where my young people will accompany me with their musical in- AFRICA struments and singing. The prison masters do all they can to give us a School for Blind Sheikhs warm welcome." F OR some years past a blind Chris- School for Nurses in Russia tian who is a member of the C.M.S. congregation at Old Cairo, Egypt, has AS A demonstration on the part been holding classes for blind Mos- 1"1. of followers of Christ of their lems, teaching them the art of reading and writing in Braille, with the aid goodwill toward the rank and file of of special editions of the New Testathe Russian people members of the ment. Recently he has opened a cen- Society of Friends in England have ter in the heart of the district where decided to establish in Russia a model the blind sheikhs live and study, close training-school for nurses. As a first to EI Azhar University. Instead of step toward the accomplishment of attracting, as hitherto, a small group of six or seven, he now has classes of

thirty or forty. It is hoped that it When he asked why the elder had will prove possible to do something come to see him, the latter said, 'I towards teaching the friends of the have come to talk to you about coming blind sheikhs, who accompany them to back to Christ.' He stayed two weeks, the classes, and wait till the lessons until the man's heart was really are over. touched, and he began to make ar- rangements for disposing of his Religious Liberty in Morocco slaves."

T HE Southern Morocco Mission is an undenominational Scottish so- A Successful Evangelist T ciety, which has been at work for near- HE Anglican church in the town ly forty years. Its latest report states: of Uzere, Nigeria, has about seven "Now that religious liberty is practi- hundred members. The following ac- cally assured, we are confident that count of the partly trained evangelist those who have hitherto been converts at work there is, writes Rev. O. N.

secretly will soon be able quietly to Garrard, typical of many of the C. M.

confess before others the Christian S. workers: "He was a heathen boy faith. Under French rule a great and went away to work in Northern religious change is already apparent. Nigedia. While there he was con- During the month of Ramadan many verted through an African Christian abstained from fasting, and no at- working in the same neighborhood.

tempt was made to punish such un- Later he served the Rev. A. Beaghen orthodox Moslems. In previous years a C.M.S. missionary as cook, and they would have been severely flogged. while with him he felt the call to re- Recently a young sharif in the employ turn south and work for God among of a Frenchman openly declared in his own people. He came to us in the presence of the Kadi that he was 1922 and is now in charge of this no longer a Moslem, and refused to large church, doing a work of which submit to that official's judgment. any parish clergyman in England While there was no question of con- might be proud. He has classes for version in this instance, the ease with inquirers, catechumens, confirmation which this person was able to defy candidates, and communicants. He the Kadi suggests the likelihood of conducts daily prayers for the people converts being protected from severe in addition to not less than three serv- persecution in the future." ices on Sunday. He has a small school, and is constantly visiting the sick, Soul-Winners in the Kamerun both heathen and Christian. He is T HE requirement for full member- about twenty-six years of age, and ship in the church in Korea is be- has had only one year of training, but ing enforced at Edea, an outstation he has asked God to use him, and He of the Presbyterian Mission in West is doing it."

Africa. Rev. F. W. Neal writes: "No one goes 'into the church here at Edea Girl-Wives Kept in School I without having actively tried to lead N THE Batanga (West Africa) Presbyterian mission field five someone else to the Saviour. We have more people in our catechumen classes husbands threatened the Bible reader than we do in the church. One of with violence for having taken their our elders, who takes a real interest five little girl-wives into a school. The in winning souls recently walked more undaunted Bible reader told them they than thirty miles to talk with one might summon him to the adminis- whom he had heard about and had trator at Kribi, if they wished, and been praying for-a backslider who send him to prison also; that he had gone into polygamy and had more wasn't afraid, for he knew that the than a half-dozen slaves. He was not law was against child marriage. The even known personally to the elder. angry husbands have not thought it

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best or safe to report him to the gov- tive students expressing themselves on ernment, so their girl-wives are still live questions with restraint and digin school. "It is a satisfaction," writes a missionary, "to know personally one nity. The visitors were guests of native man who dared to face his members of the staff, all of whom were angry heathen brothers and oppose delighted with the frank and eager spirit displayed by the students.~Tke them in their evil customs." Intercollegian.

A Woman'. "Bounding Heart" THE NEAR EAST HE Africa Inland Mission, founded Turks Take Family Names Tin 1896, has 450 young men now in H training in its Bible schools, and 500 AVING adopted the Western cal- endar and various other features others are already at work. Women of European civilization, the Turks sometimes make very fine workers. are now changing their names. A A heathen woman whose husband was press dispatch describes the situation employed as a builder on the station thus: "Until recently the Turks and heard of the Saviour. His power, said their subject peoples have not set any the missionary, was greater than that particular value on a family name. A of the fateful felile so feared by them Turk has no family name, as father all. As she said afterward, her heart and son are known under different "bounded" at the news. She was eager cognomens equivalent to our given for more. Hoeing in the fields all name. When you want to designate day, she would stop at the mission some particular Turk you will say: house on her way home and ask for 'Ali the son of Yusuf.' But the re- "the words of God." "I am going now publican government has passed a law to cook my husband's supper," she to remedy this difficulty. Turkey is would say, "and I don't want my head going to adopt the Western style of to be full of idle thoughts, so please patronymic. All Turks must choose give me some of His words to think a family name and all school children about." Soon she learned to read, and must be registered hereafter under a by degrees she developed into an ex- patronymic. The reform in nomen- cellent Christian teacher. clature is due to the elaborate plans Interracial Student Contacts that were made for the census, which had more than a statistical value. Its T HE white universities and colleges social difficulties were also considered, of South Africa are keenly alive as well as the endless clerical labor to the importance of the question of and confusion entailed by registering race, are prepared to look it straight the myriads vaguely known as Ali the in the face, to listen to the counsel of son of Yusuf."

those who have some claim to speak with authority, and to form jUdgments Near East College Association C that will be free of prejudice. During OMMITTEES are at work in vari- ous parts of the United States, the short vacation, fifteen students from Huguenot University College seeking to raise a $15,000,000 endow- (Wellington) and Stellenbosch Uni- ment fund for the six educational in- versity visitedtwo native schools, Love- stitutions now incorporated in this dale Institution and Fort Hare College. association. A recent statement of A joint conference was held with the the value to the Near East of these Student Christian Associations-ques- six colleges, which this year have a tions affecting the races being dis- total enrollment of 3,178, reads: cussed in the light of Christian "Graduates from these colleges have principles. The students were obvious- held wide influence from the first.

ly interested to see the various de- Practically all Arabic newspapers and partments of work carried on at the periodicals are published by graduates institutions and to hear the senior na- and former students. Doctors in the

Near East are invariably graduates upon the New Testament than the of the Medical School at Beirut, nurses Koran, and who call themselves "The from the Nursing School of the Amer- People of the Truth," was described ican University of Beirut. The first in the January REVIEW, Rev, John woman pharmacist, the first woman Elder of Kermanshah, writes that doctor, and the pioneers in all pro- they number about 15,000 and says fessions in the Arabic-speaking coun- of .a visit to their principal village: tries are graduates of the American "If we had any lingering doubts as University of Beirut. The most out- to whether these friendly 'People of standing feminist in Turkey, Halideh the Truth' are Moslems or not, cer- Hanum, was graduated from Con- tainly the experiences of our few days' stantinople Woman's College, In every visit among them swept them comcase, our graduates are leaders in their pletely away. The first night we were own communities and the colleges are shown a huge wild boar, fattened eslooked upon by governments as centers pecially for us, and before we left we from which they can procure teachers, had shared a dish, the very thought civil and military doctors, engineers, of which would bring an immediate government officials and workers 'Istaghfar' uUah,' 'May God forgive,' trained in modern, scientific methods from the lips of a pious Moslem. Each and inspired with ideals of service and night I gave stereopticon exhibits to the highest-standards of Western civ- a large and appreciative crowd of vililization." lagers, and my interpreter, who ren- dered my Persian into Kurdish so Seeking Jesus in Tiberias that all could understand, requested that word be given to the other Chris- THE following proofs that "a work tians in Persia that they too are Chris- of God is going on in the hearts tians," of the people" in Palestine are offered by a missionary in Tiberias: "In one Friendly Villagers in Iraq town forty-five families of Moslems and Druses are leaving their old re- THE United Mission in Mesopotaligions and asking to be taught Chris- mia is reaching out into the territian truths. Their religious chiefs tory surrounding its established are offering them land and money to centers. One such contact is thus degive up this movement. Many Jews scribed: "One of our evangelists has are reading and studying the New been in the twin villages of Bashiqa Testament and a prominent rabbi, who and Bahzani, fifteen miles northeast has a large following, is teaching his of Mosul, the chief centers of the people that Jesus Christ is their Mes- Yezidi community. The most notable siah. This comes from the circula- incident of the year is a request of tion of the Scriptures, and the Holy about thirty Yezidi families in Bah- Spirit is working, Our colporteurs zani to join the Protestant milet (rethis past year have been working in ligious community). The designation seventy-seven villages and distributed Christian to them means only mem- 6,000 leaflets, chapters and portions of bership in the religious group of that the Scriptures. Here in Tiberias we name, and their reasons are purely have had Jews and Moslems-young secular, including a school for their men-coming to be taught, their only children and financial aid from the object to learn to know the Lord Jesus mission in time of need. We cannot Christ." accept them on these terms, but their proposal is not without significance, More Christian than Moslem for it means that they recognize the superiority of Christianity to their A UNIQUE sect of so-called Mo- own religion, and are open to Chris- hammedans is eastern Persia, tian teaching." whose code of ethics is based more

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Aeroplanes for "the Hajj" there is practical training in citizen- T HE use of telephones for the con- ship and life through the cooperative venience of pilgrims on the Mecca store, the village bank, the village hosroad was reported in the February pital, the poultry houses, the carpenter REVIEW. A still more modern develop- shop, and the cottage gardens.

ment is announced as follows by World Low-Caste Village Transformed Call: "Mohammedan pilgrimages to Mecca by aeroplane instead of by cam- THE following story is told of work el are expected to be a new develop- done by the Regions Beyond Misment in air travel during 1928. Saiyed sionary Union in Bihar, a large and Auzam, managing proprietor of the needy region west of Bengal: The Hedjaz Pilgrims Transport Agency, village of Bankat was a miserable lithas written the Department of Com- tle place. The people, low-caste Chamerce at Washington that he wants to mars and Tatwas, lived in perpetual charter a dozen aeroplanes capable of fear of evil spirits and an even greatcarrying at least twenty passengers er dread of the money-lender to whom each, to travel from Jedda to Mecca, they were bound hand and foot. It from Mecca to Medina and from Me- was the bank that prepared the way dina to Jerusalem. They are wanted for the Bible. The missionaries were for use in April, May and June. There helping to organize village banks in is no railroad transportation in the order to combat the evils of money- Hedjaz and no good roads for automo- lending, and the Tatwas asked for asbiles. The journey by camel from sistance of this kind. Then Prem Mecca to Medina and Jerusalem is Sukh settled in the village, a fine very difficult." young evangelist with a deep, person- al experience. The community was INDIA AND SIAM gradually changed. The people them- "The Village of the New Day" selves petitioned Government, through the missionary, to have the toddy-shop THIS is the English translation of removed. The money-lender retired Ushagram, the name given to an from the scene. Nowadays practically educational enterprise carried on by all, young and old, attend the Sunday Fred. G. Williams, Methodist Episcopal service, and little by little they are missionary at Asanol, Bengal. Sixty learning what true Christianity means.

boys from the village homes in and A new salutation has become current around Asansol have been brought to- in the village, Yisu sakay, "Jesus our gether at Ushagram. Here they live strength !"

in small, one-room mud cottages quite like those of the ordinary Indian vil- The Wanless SanatoriuJD F lage, except for their cleanliness andOR several years past the Bombay Representative Christian Council, their good ventilation. Each cottage houses five or six boys of varied ages representing about 100,000 Indian and is in itself a family unit. The Christians and nearly thirty mission oldest boy in the cottage plans the organizations in western India, has work of the home and assigns duties desired to build a tuberculosis sana- for each. The village elects a "Pan- torium in the Deccan such as would chayat," representative of the prevail- meet the needs of sufferers belonging ing system of village government. to all castes and creeds. The Governor Each boy of the village spends five of Bombay, replying to an appeal to hours a day in the classroom under support the scheme, which is taking trained teachers. The value of such definite form, suggested that "it would a school is recognized by the Depart- seem appropriate for the name of Sir ment of Education, which gives it an W. J. Wanless to be associated with annual grant of 100 rupees. In addi- it, as some small reminder-although tion to the work of the classroom, reminder will never be necessary-of

the great self-sacrificing work which Si8.lllese Martyr'. Daugihter he has carried on in India for so many A CONTRIBUTOR to The Siam years." As was stated in the March Outlook says of a recent experi- REVIEW, Dr. Wanless, Presbyterian ence: "We had only a fleeting glimpse medical missionary at Miraj, since from the automobile of an ordinary 1899, has been knighted. Dnyanodaya Laos woman well advanced in years, comments: who was returning from market with The scheme would be a sort of parting a meager stock of provisions. In gen- eral appearance, she seemed the same gift, expressive of India's gratitude to as the others who were also walking home-but with this difference: she this distinguished missionary surgeon. was the daughter of one of the Chieng- mai martyrs! Her father, on that In his hospital at Miraj and the five fateful Sunday morning in September branch dispensaries there have been in sixty years ago, had walked in the recent years over 6,000 operations per- formed annually and a total of more than 60,000 treatments given each year, the patients coming from every community in Western India. The successful carrying out of the Wanless Tuberculosis same direction she was taking-not on a first-class graveled highway, but Sanatorium scheme will therefore be in across the fields, much of the way, through water almost knee-deep. He the nature of a thank-offering from the was going to an appointed place, nine people among whom Sir William has spent himself in relieving human suffering.

miles away, where armed men awaited A Century of Missions in Si8.lll him with clubs, pikes, and a death- THIS year, 1928, completes one hun- yoke. An order had gone forth for dred years of evangelical mission- the execution of the Christians-who ary work in Siam. "It is intended to numbered at that time only four. The celebrate the centenary in such a way," daughter walked under the security says the announcement, "as to show of an edict of religious toleration forth to all the people how great things which her father had hoped for in the Lord hath wrought during that vain. He was surrounded on all sides, time. The Executive Committee ap- on that Sunday morning sixty years pointed to have charge of the celebra- ago, by the beautiful hills of Chiengtion, represents two English missions, mai, which look down to-day on a two American missions, the American thousand Christian homes."

Bible Society, and two Siamese Presbyteries, beside two members repre- CHINA AND TIBET senting work among the Chinese. The Chinese Church Carries On D date set for the celebration is the first ESPITE bandits, crop failures, moving of troops, and the genweek of December, 1928. It is to continue through three days and eve- eral unsettled condition of the coun- nings, with a pageant, street parades, try, a successful presbytery meeting and exhibits of various kinds of work. of the new Church of Christ in China There will be public meetings in the was held at Ichowfu, Shantung Prov- evenings addressed by prominent ince, of which The Chinese Recorder speakers in English, Siamese, and says: "The inspirational meetings Chinese." The missionaries write: were a stimulus to all present and the "We earnestly ask for your prayers, business was conducted systematically beseeching the throne of the heavenly and harmoniously. The Chinese were grace that the wisdom and power of willing to carry a greater responsibil- the Holy Spirit may be granted to ity and to work for the progress of those who have charge of this work, the Church in China …… Two very that the hearts of God's people here bright, intelligent, earnest students may be inclined to share in it with one came before Presbytery to be exam- accord, and that the minds of all may ined in order to enter the seminary be opened to the truth of God." after a year's experience in preaching.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Both had suffered severe persecutions for a time feeling against me was at the hands of their parents and rela- rather high. Even the returned stu- tives. One, a lad of nineteen, said, dents and Christians thought I was 'My father snatched my Bible from siding too much with the foreigners me, tore it up and burned it. At one and was not patriotic enough in my time my father would have burned heart. This made me realize that we me alive if it had not been for my Christians had not lived a strong neighbors who intervened.' The Pres- enough life, for if as a class we had bytery decided to conduct more Bible been thoroughly imbued with the spir- dasses, establish new Sunday-schools, it of Christ …… we would have organize new Christian Endeavor so- moved the people around us so that cieties, and promote home Bible study they could see more clearly that we courses, besides carrying on a cam- were following in the footsteps of our paign in the Thousand Character Master, against whom even they had Series." nothing to say. The result was that I resolved to deepen my own spiritual The Chinese Student Viewpoint life by living closer to my Saviour, ACCORDING to an article in the and I think that many of our Chris- organ of the World's Student tians made the same resolve. So now Christian Student Federation, The our Bibles are read more regularly Student World, whereas in China a and family prayers are held in more year ago students were leaving college homes, and we are endeavoring to do in considerable numbers to enter the more personal work by winning souls military academy, or to enlist immedi- for Christ."

ately in the fighting army, to-day they are more inclined to stay by their Manchu Bibles Wanted M studies. Flag-waving and processions ANY, many years ago George Borrow of gipsy fame assisted with students in the lead are not nearly so frequent as they were. The a Russian gentleman to make a Man- doctrine "Down with Imperialism, chu version of the New Testament.

Foreignism, Capitalism, Militarism, For years the plates and the whole Communism" finds a more construc- edition remained in London and it was tive rival in a "Love the School" Move- found there was no use for it in ment. Its purpose is to restore regular China. Finally they were sent to study; to dispel the radical nonstudy- Shanghai. Now a C. 1. M. missionary ing element; to work for the nation- writes from Central Asia that he has alist cause through study of social discovered a colony of 40,000 Man- problems, and through practical serv- chus and desires every copy of the ice during the vacations. The zeal Manchu New Testament that the Bible with which students have participated Society ha~. After lying inert for as instructors in the mass education many years, this version is at last put movement and health campaigns, is in the hands of living men who ap- evidence of their ability and energy preciate it and who understand it.

in this kind of reconstruction. George Borrow and his friends thought that the Manchus, if con- Christian Woman's Testimony verted, would convert China. Work DR. IDA KAHN, the first Chinese done for God is never lost, though woman to obtain a M.D. in the sometimes it is lost to human sight for United States, thus describes her ex- a time.-D. MacGillivray.

periences during the past year: "I tried to tell my people that our troubles Lepers with Shining Faces A were due to our own shortcomings and LETTER from Miss Alma Dodds, written on her return to Tenghnot due to the oppression of the foreigners and Christians. For thinking sien, Shantung Province, is thus thus I was branded as a traitor and quoted in a Canadian paper: "I found

the leper homes in good condition and formed part of this state, it has not very clean. The lepers were really by any means been assimilated. glad to see me, as were the other Throughout Ladakh the inhabitants Chinese friends. I wish those who are with few exceptions pure Tibetans. pray and give and sacrifice for the "Herein," she says, "lies their peculiar lepers might see the shining faces of interest for the Christian Church. Althe inmates. The contrast between though the heralds of the King cannot these inside and those outside is as find an entrance as yet into Tibet itthat of light and dark-between life self, they can leave their message at and hope, death' and despair. The the gate with these native Tibetans. home is on a much-traveled public The translation of the Bible is now road at a favorite resting-place for nearing completion. In the effort to travelers. The lepers stand on their evangelize Tibet the preparation of side of the wire fence and tell the literature naturally occupies the foreresting ones the wonderful story of most place. A considerable quantity God's love. They are faithful wit- of tracts has been printed by the Moranesses for their Lord and Saviour." vian presses and 'Pilgrim's Progress' has recently been translated ….. . Status of Presbyterian Missions Tibetans are yielding to Christ, even while Tibet still shuts Him out. Here I N MARCH the Presbyterian Board are one hundred and fifty-three bap- of Foreig:n Missions (U. S. A.) tized Christians." made the following announcement about its work in China: "Twenty- JAPAN-KOREA six of the thirty-five stations in our eight China missions are now occupied Three Types of Service by American missionaries, the Kiangan Mission being the only mission TANEO CHIBA, a Japanese student entirely unoccupied at the last report. in the United States, points out Sixty-five per cent of the China mis- three fields in which he believes Chrissionaries are at work on the field, tian forces have their greatest opporwhich in view of the circumstances is tunity in his native land to-day, rural a very high average. About thirty- work, social reform, and higher eduthree per cent are in the United States cation. He says: "When we realize on furlough, and the remainder of the that Japan is still predominantly an China force is still in other missions agricultural country and that sixtyhelping out temporarily. Many have five per cent of her population live in already gone back at the request of the rural districts we cannot but feel their missions, and others are prepar- that the Japanese Church ought to ing to return in the early spring. A place greater emphasis upon the imlarge proportion of those on furlough portance of rural evangelization….. . are relieving the Board of all or part When we see thousands of men' and of their support by engaging in re- women enslaved in the mines under munerative work. China statistics for most deplorable conditions, when we the year show a surprisingly small see millions of young women working decrease in the totals as compared with in textile mills in different industrial the previous year." centers under similar heart-breaking conditions, and when we see countless Winning Tibetans numbers of unfortunate women chained to legalized houses of vice we MiSS CHRISTINE I. TINLING cannot help but hear more clearly and interprets in the London Chris- more forcefully the voice of God urgtian the significance of the Moravian ing us to go and minister to these Mission in Ladakh, or Little Tibet, people." Finally, he appeals for a a part of Tibet until it was conquered great Christian university, equal in by Kashmir some eighty-fi:Ve years every way, if not superior, to the best ago. Although since then it has government school in Japan.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A "Steady" Japanese Christian home towns. They will also help in night OF A young man who was bap- classes during the winter for older peo- tized last year Rev. F. S. Curtis, of Shimonoseki, Japan, writes: ple. Sunday Schools and later church groups will come into being through their efforts.

"He is one of the steadiest Christians Korean Christian Villagers I have ever known, never absent from English Bible class or Sunday morn- ONE impression brought back by ing worship. He held meetings in Miss Florence E. Root, of the his own home last summer-inviting Southern Presbyterian Mission in men from the office, to whom the pas- Kwangju, Korea, from: a two weeks' tor preached. Since we recently rented trip among the villages is the way in a preaching place on the Island of which the Christian "stands head and Hiko, he has been invariably present, shoulders" above the non-Christians in taking a class in the Sunday school any community. She says: "One little and helping in the preaching service. village called White Stone was almost He gives a ringing testimony to the entirely heathen. But there was a grace of God, and has influenced many seventeen-year-old Christian girl who of his friends to attend the meetings. had attended our mission school for For a number of months we met in a girls in Chunju for several years. Her rather quiet place where the gather- clothes were clean, she herself was neat ings were like'those of a family group; and clean and alert-a marked conbut latterly we were able to secure a trast to the passiveness and slovenliplace more central and directly on the ness of most of the women there. main street, so the services are more This contrast prevails in greater or thoroughly evangelistic. From this less degree wherever one finds Chrissmall group, three received baptism tians and nonbelievers together." this last winter, and six or seven more are now on the inquirers' list." Another impression she describes as follows: We were even made confidants in what Leaders in Rural Life seemed like a real romance, seeing and talking with both the young people con- THE Methodist Episcopal mission in cerned, though they had never seen each Kongju, Korea, is seeking to train other. It is truly encouraging to see how the boys and girls in its high school Christian parents desirE! to have their for real leadership in the rural com- children marry into other Christian homes, and how they are doing it.

munities to which most of them will return. Courses are now being given Test of a Japanese Prayer R in farm and home economics. The EV. A. K. REISCHAUER, D.D., of Tokyo, tells this story of an schedule has been arranged to include two class periods a week in agriculture old man who asked to be baptized: and sericulture. Besides this there "The minister said, 'I can not baptize will be afternoon hours for work in you unless I know that you are really the fields, in tinsmithing, carpentry, sincere. You lead in prayer and then brick and cement work, blacksmithing, I will decide.' The poor old man had and painting. During the school year never led in prayer in his life. His the boys are taken out into the near- face turned red and the perspiration by villages on Sundays and in vaca- stood on his forehead. 'Pray!' said tions to hold classes and Sunday the minister, and this is what he said: schools. F. E. C. Williams, of Kongju, 'God, my heart is full of prayer things, thus outlines the hoped-for results: but I can not speak them with my After the boys have finished their mouth. They are coming out in the courses some will go on to higher schools, sweat on my head.' The minister bapbut many will go back to their homes to tized him, saying that was a real make a living by means of what they prayer. Anyone who has heard the have learned, These boys will organize 'vain repetition of the heathen,' the classes for the boys and girls of their

mumbled, fast repetitions of certain urged repeatedly to become candidate formulas so characteristic of the old for the governorship of the Moro refigions will appreciate what the min- Province. Indeed, he has had to flee ister meant, that a prayer which makes from that temptation. Only because a man sweat is a real prayer." we could offer him a scholarship in a worthy institution like Union College ISLANDS OF THE SEA was he saved for the ministry. He Signs of Filipino Progress has accomplished miracles already in WRITING of the accessibility of his ministry among the Moros, and the Filipinos to the Gospel, Rev. is clearly the man called of God to Stephen J. Corey, D.D., of the United open the doors in this part of the Christian Missionary Society (Dis- Moslem world."

ciples), points out two special reasons for encouragement: "The destiny of Wanted: A Word for Faith.

R the Philippine Islands educationally, OTUMA is one of the Fiji Islands in which there are about 1,500 politically, commercially, and religiously is rapidly coming into the hands enrolled Christians. Rev. C. M. of a well-educated youth movement. Churchward, of the Methodist Mis- It will only be a few years until the sionary Society of Australasia, writes Philippines will be controlled by those of them: "The work of winning these who have been educated in the public people from a state of out-and-out schools of the last twenty years ….. . heathenism to that of nominal Chris- Perhaps in no country outside of the tianity was done decades ago, but the United States and Great Britain, have longer one lives among them the more women come to such recognition in one becomes convinced that the task family and public life as in the Phil- of teaching the real meaning and reippine Islands. Everywhere the Fili- quirements of the religion of Jesus pino woman is teaching in the public Christ has only just begun. Perhaps schools, and the proportion of Protes- the fact that Rotuma was at one time tant teachers is far above that of the left for eighteen years without a white native Catholic. In striking contrast missionary has something to do with to the great population of the Orient, their twisted ideas of Christian teachwoman is given her proper place. This ing. Another factor is the poverty of status of women is a great factor in the language." This point he elabothe advancement of evangelical Chris- rates as follows: tianity as well as of patriotism." They have no word for "conscience" or for "grace," or even for "faith," or "be- A Moro Christian Minister lieve" in the Christian sense. The word REV. FRANK C. LAUBACH, au- which stands in the present "ersion of thor of "The People of the Phil- the New Testament for "believe" and ippines," writes of the recently opened "faith" (the word maY really means to work among the Mohammedan Moros comply, yield, obey: hence, sermons by natives on the subject of ma, which ought to be sermons on faith, are found of Mindanao: "Matias Cuadra, the to be sermons on obedience, which is not leading Moro of this young genera- infrequently explained as meaning obedition, has become a Christian minister. ence to one's chief and one's minister or He is so powerful that he has been catechist!

"At this time of my retirement," says Dr. Robert Laws, of Livingstonia after nearly sixty years of service for Africa, "the chief thing that I can say is that the call to the world to go and help Africa is even greater today than when my companions and I did what we could to answer the call made by Livingstone fifty-five years ago."-Soutk African Outlook.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these colum'lU! will be forwarded by U8 on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Katharine Scherer Cronk. By Laura scurity. Belgium knows Congo; Brit- Scherer Copenhaver. 38 pp. 35 cents. ain, Uganda, the Union of South M. H. Leavis. Cambridge, Mass. 1928. Africa and other sections; France, French Equatorial Africa and the Like an afterglow of a sunset; like Sudan; Portugal, Angola and so forth. the abiding fragrance of a flower; like the memory of noble deeds, comes A somewhat similar situation exists this collection of choice glimpses of among the evangelical constituencies the mind, the heart, the spirit of a in America. Each knows something beloved friend. The sister has not of the section in which its own dewritten a story of the life, nor has nomination is working. But the day she attempted merely a tribute. She for a comprehensive knowledge of Afhas done better in giving inspira- rica has arrived. Wireless is binding tional memorabilia that will perpetu- the various parts of the continent toate the fragrance of the life and will gether. Recently a message was sent bring into other lives the magic in- from Mozambique to Angola and a fluence of Katharine Scherer Cronk. reply received in two minutes. Eritrea Here we catch first a glimpse of the talks with Somaliland. Colonial govgirl at college, then the daughter in ernors from different areas are comthe home, the wife in the small parish, paring notes. The. Conference at the author of inspirationalleafiets, the LeZoute in September, 1926, brought popular conference speaker and above missionaries and government adminall the friend who brought to many a istrators from remote sections face to new purpose and a more vital contact face. with Jesus Christ and His program. Mrs. Cronk rests from her unceasing In the interests of a comprehensive labors but this attractive and spirit- intelligence in respect to Africa the ually stimulating booklet will be one new volume, "Light and Darkness in of the means by which her work con- East Africa" will do much to help tinues to bear fruit. American readers understand the trend of missionary events in parts of the great continent unfamiliar to Light and Darkness in East Africa. A many of them. The volume surveys mEgisyspiotinaanry Ssuudrvaney, oAfbyUsgsianniad,a, EArnitgrleoa- in a most readable manner the presand the three Somalilands. 206 pp. ent status of Christian missions in 3s, 6d. World Dominion Press. Lon- Uganda, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Abys- don. 1927. sinia, Eritrea and the three Somali- A patchwork knowledge of Africa lands. It contains an especially characterizes the European peoples stimulating review of the ancient who share in the Government of that Abyssinian Church and points out its great continent. As they look at the possible significance in respect to the outline of the great continent their evangelization of other sections of own contacts paint familiar sections Africa.

in vivid colors while the remainder is In 1928 the American churches will to each of them a hinterland of ob- be studying Africa as a whole. Our 413

imaginations may well be captured by and social; the reform and extension the great land of purple shadows and of rural education, including problems brooding mystery. This volume will of administration and curriculum; carryon our interest to remoter sec- the preparation and development of tions until we are able in a measure village teachers, containing a review to fit together the pieces of the inter- of the operation of training schools, national jigsaw puzzle and make of it the courses for professional preparaa great new emerging frontier-land tion and the development of teachers, with spiritual as well as commercial also the place of women teachers. significance for all the world. Scien- What makes this study more imprestists' from Britain, France, Belgium, sive is the fact that one sixth of the Germany and Portugal have recently human race lives in the villages of joined hands in a study of African India, that nine of every ten Indians sleeping-sickness problems under the are villagers and that over ninety-two leadership of the League of Nations. per cent of them are illiterate. The Christian forces should be prepared whole .situation exhibits many elelikewise to pool their intelligence and ments of grave danger for the addimultiply their power. tional reason that a very large share P. H. J. Lerrigo. of the 5,000,000 men and women who Village Schools in India. Mason Olcott. have recently been admitted to the Illustrated.. 8 vo. 23S pp. $1.25. New York. 1926. Indian franchise are illiterate vil- This book, an important contribu- lagers. The difficulties in the way of tion to the subject of elementary education, not only in India, but in making popular education play its related countries, has as its immediate purpose the discovery of the kind of rightful part in the present changes education needed in Indian villages and the best plan for the preparation are indeed staggering. These condiof teachers for such schools. The urgency of making village schools tions are sketched only in their broad educate children effectively for life and citizenship is readily recognized. outlines and most" characteristic Dr. Olcott had his mind first turned in the direction of the problem of phases. village schools in India when he served for a short term as a member of the Of primary interest to the special staff of a college in southern India. He returned to India later with a student, or the Indian missionary, it Fraser Commission when that body made its thorough survey, in 1919, of provides some very interesting and the problems of village education. accurate analyses of conditions and life in the Indian village. Further- more, the tables and compilations. of statistics in the appendices bring to- gether much valuable and interesting data drawn from obscure sources. An extensive bibliography, a good index and the free use of admirable and very relevant illustrations earn for Dr. Olcott the gratitude of many colleagues in his work. w. 1. C.

Subsequently, he took courses in agri- The Land of the Vanished Church: A Sur· cultural and teachers' colleges in vey of North Africa. J. J. Cooksey. America, and returned to India in Pamphlet with map of North Africa.

1923 to devote his life to the work World Dominion Survey Series. 28. Lon· which had engaged his researches all don. 1926.

these years. A very valuable series of pamphlets, The introduction to this book dis- issued under the editorship of Dr.

cusses the problem in hand and the Cochrane of the W orId Dominion work already done. The major por- Press, deal with the Indigenous tion of the study is given to three in- Church, the World-Wide Task of the quiries: the conditions prevailing in Christian Church and special sur- Indian villages, economic, physical veys of Central Asia, Dutch East In-

BOOKS WORTH READING

dies, Latin America, etc. The present their religion. It is a man-made repamphlet- relates to North Africa and ligion with distorted Biblical pasdescribes briefly but very instruc- sages. It is a religion of the flesh, of tiyely the history of the early Church mammon, organized with great skill. in those lands, the causes of its decay, Mr. Huling shows how Mormon docthe revival of missionary work, and trine and practice depart radically the present situation in Morocco, from the teachings of the Bible as to Tunisia, Tripoli and Algeria. It is a God, Christ, the Holy Spirit, Sin and sad story, but contains a challenge to Salvation. The teachings of the two advance. Today some twelve evan- are carefully compared in deadly pargelical societies are at work there with allel columns, with additional coma total of 240 workers in fifty-four ments. Mormons teach that there are stations. There is no other recent many Gods, many Bibles, a human comprehensive survey of this field. Christ who had several wives, the Holy Spirit a material "fluid"; sin a Students and the Future of Christian necessity and a cause for rejoicing; Missions. Edited by Gordon Poteat. 8 the Gospel of Christ a system of rules vO. 350 pp. $2. New York. 1928. and salvation "a life of good works" without any atonement by Christ or The Student Volunteer Movement justification and regeneration by faith is changing-not in its purpose or in Christ. loyalty to Christ, but in its emphasis and method.· This is seen in the re- An Introduction to Child Study. Clarence port of the Detroit Convention pre- R. Benson. 111. 240 pp. $1.50. Chicago. sented here. It is well and promptly 1927. edited and makes interesting reading. The main topics are "Experience of Much emphasi~ has lately been Power; Christian Missions in a placed upon the need for adequate re- Changing World; Abiding and ligious training in the lives of the Changing Aspects; Is Jesus Christ American youth. Even those not Indispensable; Shall We Share our active in the Church call attention Christian Faith with Others; Inter- to the results of the lack of such trainracial Cooperation; and Find our ing as shown in the youthful criminals Place in God's Plan." of whom there is an increasing num- ber. In this book on child study Mr. Those who attended earlier conven- Benson indicates clearlv the value to tions will miss the notes then struck the state as well as to th~ individual of so forcefully and with such effect- careful, constructive religious training Prayer; the Holy Spirit; God's Mis- given to children and those of adolessionary Call; a World Lost Without cent age. The author takes a very con- Christ, and Miracles of Missions. servative Christian view of religious These addresses are different. They training, emphasizing the need for acare as a rule stimulating to thought cepting the Bible as it stands. The and action but the human viewpoint elementary psychology, the phraseand motives prevail. They are worthy ology and illustrations used, will not of study, but God's view of the world be considered by many as up-to-date. and of the missionary enterprise needs The author, however, makes a very to be kept before us. close and vital connection between each bit of psychological information Mormonism and Biblical Christianity. and its practical application in re- Franklin G. Ruling. Pamphlet. 38 pp. ligious training. The book is prepared New York. 1927. for teacher training classes in the Church School, and there are ques- Here is a good antidote to some of tions at the end of each chapter to the literature put out by the "Church test the reader's knowledge of its of the Latter Day Saints." In their contents. These questions, however, writings and their public addresses, they hide the peculiar teachings of

are all factual, and none are designed their faults nor over-exalts their virto stimulate individual thought on the subject.-M. A. L. tues. While he says" In my relations with them I gave little and received much, and always had the best of the Not Tragedy-Triumph. Dohnavur Fellow· deal" he still recognizes that "the ship, No. 10. 46 pp. 2d. 5 cents. St. Louis and Madras. 1927. long oppression of stronger nations This story-taken from two home has driven the Armenians to use craft letters-is a well written and thrilling account of how a murderer in India, and intrigue against strength and while in prison under the death sentence, was converted and of the joy tyranny . . . . . . This does not mean which his new faith brought him and of his triumphant death. K. s. L. that all Armenians are crooked ….. .

It means that the Armenian plays the game according to the rules of the country. "

Against this dark background the virtues of this long persecuted race Thamilla (The Turtle Dove). By Ferdi· are doubly resplendent. "They have nand Duchene, twice recipient of the Grand Prize in Literature, Algiers. Trans· been harried, tortured, exiled, but lated from the French by Isabelle May and Emily M. Newton. 8vo. 175 pp. they are still brave people who can New York. 1927. stamp a home, whatever it is and wherever it is, with their virtue and Monsieur F. Duchene, for years personality." "Courage, independ- Justice of the Court of Appeals of ence, a love of learning, the passion Algiers, moved by his intimate knowl· and inspiration of the poet, a genius edge of the sufferings and injustice for religion-if ever the world needed heaped upon Mohammedan women, these qualities it needs them today."

It is with sympathetic and loving un- through the laws and teachings of derstanding of the Armenian people the Koran, writes this stirring appeal that the author follows them through in behalf of Moslem womanhood. The their tragic history. He draws upon story is full of pathos and sorrow, and their early myths and legends to build reflects the love, hatred and jealousy up his story. With fierce devotion it in the Moslem harem, engendered by was first among the nations to em- the plural marriage system. The brace Christianity, and consistently degradation and slavery of Thamilla through the centuries the Armenians makes a poignant appeaL The pow- have sacrificed their national liberty erful inarticulate cry comes to the for the defense of the faith.

Christian womanhood of the world to Mr. Burtt cannot fail to picture the help hasten the day when these Mos- Turks, and again he shows a fairness lem sisters, living in the thralldom as refreshing as it is unusual. Hav- of the Islam, shall be emancipated ing faithfully set down the enormity of the crimes of 1915-22 the author and enter into the joy and freedom quotes from Dr. Greig, Bishop of which comes through faith in Him Gibraltar: "Judgment and venge- who said, "I am come that they ance are, thank God, not ours. What might have life, and that they might is ours is to help and save."

have it more abundantly." B. The book is very brief but complete as a story of the Armenians. Its The People of Ararat. Joseph Burtt, simplicity and directness are in keep- F.R.G.S. 184 pages. Limp cloth. Illus· trated. 38 6u. London. 1926. ing with the spirit of the Society of "My only justification for writing Friends to which the author belongs. this book is an intimate, personal affection for the Armenians." No one But as a Britisher he repressed without such love could have written so fairly. The author neither spares throughout a scorching passion the passion for justice and mercy d~nied by his own England to "The People of Ararat. " E. W. R.