The Missionary Review of the World — February 1936

1936

A Korean Woman's Story Mrs. Induk Pak Making Contacts in Arabia B. D. Hakken Changing Attitudes in Iran Commodore B. Fisher George F. Zoeckler Blots on National 'Scutcheons Muriel Lester Educational Achievements in Brazil J. E. Moreland Among Head Hunters in Pagan Papua Russell W. Abel New England as a Home Mission Field Robert Watson , 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Obituary Notes THE REVIEW, and recently state presi-

dent of the New Jersey Haptist Wom- February 2-The Moody Bible Insti- The Rev. George A. Wilder, for an's Board of Missions, died on Detute Jubilee and centenary of the many years a missionary of the Amer- cember 22d at her home in Montclair, birth of D. L. Moody. This day ican Board (Congregational) in South N. J., at 65 years of age. Mrs. Farmer will launch the Founder's Week Africa, died on December 28th, at the was born in Kingston, N. Y., daughter home of his daughter, Mrs. Frances of a Baptist minister, was graduated Conference. from Wellesley in 1893 and for many A. Lyman, in Glen Ridge, N. J. His years has been active in church and February lO-17-International Coun- wife died a few years ago. Mr. Wilder missionary circles. She organized mis- cil of Religious Education. Chicago, was born in Natal, South Africa, in sion study classes in Montclair and Ill. 1855, son of Rev. Hyman Wilder, a has lectured and taught missions at missionary under the same Board. Northfield conferences and other gath- February 2B-World Day of Prayer. George Wilder was graduated from erings. She is survived by her hus- Phillips-Andover Academy, Williams band, William H. Farmer, four daugh- April 29-May S-National Convention, ters and one son. Y. W. C. A., Colorado Springs, Colo. Canon Andre'a" M'"ora*ka died in Tan- May I-General Conference, Meth- College and Hartford Theological odist Episcopal Church, Columbus, Seminary. He was beloved by the ganyika, Africa, on September 1st. Africans who often called him "The He was universally respected both by Ohio. Africans and Europeans, and his loss White African." will be felt throughout the C. M. S. May l2-lS-National Council of Fed- Mission. erated Church Women. Dayton, *** * '" * Ohio. Dr. Frank Mason North, Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Enid Mira Haven (Mrs. Gideon F.) May 20-24-Northern Baptist Conven- Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Draper, of the Methodist Episcopal tion. St. Louis, Mo. Church, died at his home in Madison, Mission in Japan, passed away on Oc- New Jersey, on December 17th, two tober 29th. Mrs. Draper came to May 27-General Assembly, United weeks after he had reached the ripe Japan with her husband in 1880. The Presbyterian Church of North Draper family name is associated in- delibly with the founding of the Yoko- America. Pittsburg, Kansas. age of 85 years. hama Christian Blind School, and with Mrs. Draper's National Mother's As- May 2B-General Assembly, Presby- Dr. North was a man of rich talents sociation of which she was founder terian Church in U. S. A. Syra- and wide experience. He was born in and for many years president. New York City in 1850; was gradcuse, N. Y. *** uated from Wesleyan University in July 6-12 – Twelfth World's Sunday 1872 and ordained to the ministry in Rev. Dr. John Dixon, former sec- School Convention. Oslo, Norway. the following year. After holding sev- retary for the Board of National Mis- eral pastorates he took charge of a ••• . sions of the Presbyterian Church, died FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- mission church in Harlem, and later was pastor of the Calvary Church, at his home in Trenton, N. J., on De- ARY ASSEMBLIES cember 11th. New York City, and the Methodist January 2S-29-Miami. Church in Middletown, Conn. In '" '" January 2B-29-Ft. Lauderdale. 1892, Dr. North became secretary of January 29-3l-Palm Beaches. the New York City Church Extension Mrs. Elizabeth Badley Read, who February loS-Orlando. and Missionary Society, a post he held died in Delhi, India, October 11th, for twenty years. He was also editor aged fifty, was the daughter of Dr. February 2-S-Deland. of The Christian City. In 1892, he and Mrs. B. H. Badley, and sister of February S-7-Winter Haven. became corresponding secretary of the Bishop Badley of India. She was a Methodist Board of Foreign Missions lady of rare artistic and literary cul- February S-7-Lakeland. and became secretary emeritus in ture, and her articles have appeared February B-13-St. Petersburg. 1928. He was president of the Fed- in leading American periodicals. February 9-1l-Clearwater. eral Council of Churches from 1916 to February l2-l3-Bradenton. 1920. Dr. North has written many *** poems and hymns, some of which are February 13-l4-Sarasota. A. T. Polhill died recently at the February l3-14-Ft. Myers. age of 73. He was one of the "Seven" February lS-IB-Tallahassee. who in the '80's went out from Cam- bridge to China. Mr. Polhill spent widely known and sung. His wife, most of his life in western China as a Louise McCoy North, and his son, Dr. missionary of the China Inland Mis- Personal Item sion. Eric M. North, Secretary of the American Bible Society, survive him. '" * * Rev. Edward ShiIlito retired on Dr. W illiam '" H e'"nr '" Leslie, for 38 Mrs. Margaret Norton Eddy, September 25th, after twenty years mother of Sherwood and Brewer Eddy, y died September 20th. She was also of service as literary superintendent years a missionary of the American known for her own missionary-mindof the London Missionary Society. edness, and for the establishing of a Baptist Foreign Mission Society in school for missionaries' children at Kodaikanal, South India. the Belgian Congo, died on December *** 25th in St. Petersburg, Florida, at the Dr. W. C. Pearce, long identified age of 67. Dr. Leslie was born in with the Sunday school movement throughout the world, died October London, Ontario, and received his 25th, of heart failure, after address- ing a regional convention in Southern medical degree from Lake Forest Uni- California on that morning. At the time of his death he was general sec- versity. He spent most of his life in retary-emeritus of the California or- ganization and vice-president of the the heart of the cannibal country in World's Sunday School Association.

the interior of Africa and, with his (Continued on page 65.) of this Course. every wife, faced many dangers. They Young People's Society may started 275 schools in the area and converted into a School for Bible Training. Dr. Leslie was decorated by the Bel- gian Government as a Chevalier of the Royal Order of the Lion. He was given the title "Nganga Buca" (mean- Four Parts-52 Lessons. Part I. The Bible-The ing "The Doctor who Really Cures") God 01 the Bible. Part II. The Christ 01 the Bible by the natives in the Nganga District -The Holy Spirit. Part III. Man-Sin and Redemp- of the Belgian Congo where he suction. Part IV. The Church-Future Events. cessfully cured many natives of yaws Send 1Sc in stamps for current issue. and other tropical diseases. RISTIAN PUBLICATIONS. INc '" * • Mrs. Grace G. Farmer, formerly a 1502 N. Third St., H.rrisburg, Pa. member of the Editorial Council of

MISSIONARY Kellersberger of the Congo; Mrs. are doing through the pages of

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Anna P. White on "Egypt and the MISSIONARY REVIEW. I frequently New Day"; "Korea" by Mrs. Induk VOL. LIX FEB., 1936 No.2 Pak, and Home Missions by Bishop mention the magazine to friends in Publication and Business Office– Kern. They will be worth reading and different centres in England and Thl..d and Reily Sts.• Ha….lsburg. Pa. passing on to others. Wales." WATCYN M. PRICE. Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City. *** Foreign Mission Board, Entered as second-class matte.. at Presbyterian Church of Wales.

Post Office. Ha..risburg. Pa., under The Student Volunteer Movement *** Act ot March 3. 1879. Wall Street, New York, the money Convention, reported in this issue, center of the world, recently puplished 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. was marked by some notable ad- Foreign Postage. 50 cents a year. in its Journal a strong endorsement Published monthly. except August. dresses, including those by Dr. Ka- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. gawa of Japan, Mrs. Pak of Korea, of Christianity. "What America needs British agents – Marshall. Morgan and Scott. 12 Paternoste.. Buildings. Prof. G. Baez Camargo of Mexico, more than railway extension, western London. E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a yea … Mr. Sun of China, Dr. Wm. M. Vories irrigation, a low tariff, a bigger cotton MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- of Omi-Hachiman, Japan, Dr. William crop, and a larger wheat crop is a re- LISHING CO., INC. Temple, the Archbishop of York and BOARD OF DIRECTORS vival of religion. The kind that father ROBERT E. SPEER. President Dr. Richard Roberts of Toronto. and mother used to have. A religion WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN. Vice-Pre8ident WALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer Some of these addresses have also been that counted it good business to take DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Secretary time for family worship each morning secured and will appear, in whole or SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT right in the middle of wheat harvest. in part, in an early number of THE A religion that prompted them to quit MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD REVIEW. *** work a half hour earlier on Wednes- day so that the whole family could get ERIC M. NORTH We hope you are finding the maga- JESSE R. WILSON ready to go to prayer meeting." zine as helpful and inspiring as are A. L. WARNSHUIS some of our readers whose comments *** SAMUEL M. ZWEMER have recently come in letters: WHEN THE SLIP GETS BY "The January issue is so good that Editorial Chat The typographical error is a slippery I want THE REVIEW sent for one year thing and sly, The Annual Meeting of THE REVIEW will be held in the Assembly Room beginning with the January issue to You can hunt till you are dizzy, but it (8th floor) of 156 Fifth Avenue, New somehow will get by. York, on Thursday, February 20th, at the three addresses attached. Send 3 p. m. All friends of THE REVIEW Till the forms are off the presses it is and of Christian missions at home and the bill to me. I hope you will keep strange how still it keeps; abroad are cordially invited. There up the good work for many years." will be brief missionary addresses by It shrinks down into a corner and it Dr. Robert E. Speer and others. REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D. never stirs or peeps, Princeton, N. J. *** That typographical error, too small *** In spite of difficulties, the past year for human eyes, has been encouraging for THE REVIEW. "I have always appreciated the Till the ink is on the paper, when it The number of subscribers has in- spirit of THE REVIEW and the splendid creased and we have never had more magazine you have been able to give grows to mountain size. enthusiastic and encouraging com- us through the years. We feel it has The boss he stares with horror, then ments from our readers. Few, if any, improved with age." subscribe who do not read but many he grabs his hair and groans; read who do not subscribe. Some can- DR. CHAS. D. BONSACK. The copy reader drops his head upon not afford the price but feel that they Church of the Brethren, cannot afford to miss the reading. his hands and moans- Some subscribers write that they cir- Elgin, Ill. The remainder of the issue may be culate their copies among many friends. far and near. We recognize *** clean as clean can be, this as missionary work. But that typographical error is the "I am delighted with the January *** number of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. only thing you see. I have not seen anything in a long -Knoxville (Ia.) Express. THE REVIEW is being promoted at time better than the article by Mrs. the Florida Chain of Missionary As- Stanley Jones." Obituary Notes semblies. Reprints of the article by Mirs. E. Stanley Jones have also been MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY. (Continued from Second Cover.) made for distribution there and else- Orlando, Fla. where. One subscriber writes that Karen Jeppe, widely known as the that article alone is "worth the price * ** of a year's subscription." friend of Armenian orphans and "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE widows, died July 7th in Aleppo *** WORLD is unquestionably the best gen- (Syria). Her life has been described eral news magazine on missions in the by the Danish writer, Ingeborg Maria THE REVIEW is arranging to print English language. Covers the whole Sick in her book "Karen J eppe," as a a number of the addresses given at range of missionary effort at home life singularly rich and beautiful, !:he Florida Chain of Missionary As- and abroad." spent in her devotion to a "people in semblies. They will include those by distress." The Danish papers report G. Baez Camargo of Mexico; Mrs. THE CONVENTION BULLETIN OF that her institutions are to be con- THE STU DEN T VOLUNTEER tinued. Though she was a Lutheran, MOVEMENT CONVENTION, IN- the Armenian Church has given her a DIANAPOLIS. burial in the new Armenian Church in Aleppo. *** *** "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW is the best missionary paper in existence. I Mrs. Hallie Linn Hill, well-known look forward to each issue with pleas- mission study lecturer, died on No- ure. The articles, as well as the edi- vember 18th at Menominee, Michigan. torials, are well written and inspiring. For years Mrs. Hill presented in lec- I wish we had something like this in tures the current mission study books the Hindi language." of the Council of Women for Home Missions and of the Federation of REV. P. A. PENNER. Women's Boards for Foreign Missions Bethesda Leper Home, to the many summer conferences meet- ing annually in all sections of the Chompa, C. P. India. United States.

*** "Let me congratulate you most heartily on the wonderful work you [ 65 ]

TEMPLE JOHN R

For many years Chairman of the Archbishop of York Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement and of the One of the foremost Christian states- World's Student Christian Federation; men in England; Oxford graduate; now Chairman of the International formerly Honorary Chaplain to the Missionary Council; President of the King; sometime president of the World's Alliance of the Y. M. C. A.; Workers' Educational Association; counsellor of students throughout the author of "Christ in His Church," world; author of "The Present Day "Thoughts on Some Problems of the Summons to the World Mission of Day," "Nature, Man, and God," etc. Christianity" and other volumes.

ROBERT E. SPEER SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Senior Secretary of the Board of For- One of the Founders of the Arabian eign Missions of the Presbyterian Mission; Editor of The Moslem Church in the U. S. A., one of the first World; author of "Across the World secretaries of the Student Volunteer of Islam," etc.; Professor of Mis- Movement; author of "The Finality sions at Princeton; formerly one of of Jesus Christ," "Christian Realities," the secretaries of the Student Volun- "Some Great Leaders in the World teer Movement and recently Secretary Movement," "Race and Race Rela- of the Near East Christian Council. tions," etc. JESSE WILSON ROBERT P. WILDER Formerly a missionary in Japan; Sec- Founder and former General Secre- retary of the Student Volunteer Movetary of the Student Volunteer Move- ment; author of "I Am a Christian," ment and missionary to India; re- etc. cently Secretary of the Near East Christian Council; author of "Christ and the Student World," etc.

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA GONZALO BAEZ CAMARGO "The' Modern Apostle of Love" in Secretary of the National Christian Japan; Christian social service worker Council of Mexico; specialist in the .and founder of Christian cooperatives ~eld of religious education; journalin Japan. Leader in great religious, Ist, author and Christian leader. political and economic movements; author of "Love, the Law of Life," "Christ and Japan," etc.

MRS. INDUK PAK MRS. ELEANOR T. CALVERLY, M.D.

A vital Christian personality from Instructor at the Kennedy School of Korea; Field Secretary of the Coop- ~issions, ~artford Seminary Foundaerative Committee on Work Among tIon; for sIxteen years a medical mis- Rural Women, Seoul; former travel- sionary to Arabia; author and lecing secretary for the Student Volun- tUrer. teer Movement.

T.Z.KOO KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE Christian leader of Chinese students; Professor of Missions and Orienta:l spiritual prophet of the Christian History, Yale University; formerly movement in China; kindly inter- missionary in China; author of "The preter of Western and Chinese cul- Development of China," "History of tures; former secretary of World's Christian Missions in China," etc. Christian Student Federation.

SOME SPEAKERS AND LEADERS AT THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION (See pages 67 to 68 and 83 to 85) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 2 FEBRUARY, 1936 Topics of the Times STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AT some unevangelized area of China or other unoc- INDIANAPOLIS cupied field. There were present honored mis- sionaries, most of whom unfortunately had no It was an inspiring challenge to see twenty-five recognized place in the program but who contrib- hundred young men and young women, meeting uted much to intimate interviews and discussions daily for five days (December 28,1935 to January in seminar groups – men and women like Dr.

1, 1936) to consider how best to follow Christ in Thomas Moody, a Baptist veteran of the Congo; carrying out His program for the world. These Dr. and Mrs. John M. Springer, of Central Af:r:ica; were not only youth, with life before them, but Dr. Frank C. Laubach, of the Philippines; ,DrJ two thousand were selected students from four H. E. Phillips, of Egypt; Rev. Ray C. Phillips"o.t hundred and fifty advanced institutions of learn- the Transvaal, South Africa; Dr. L. s. G.MJl}erj ing in the United States and Canada. They are of Japan, and others. There were pastors anq the coming leaders-earnest, energetic and ideal- teachers, editors and authors to lead groups. of istic. Naturally they are not all well informed on from fifty to one hundred in the thirty-three daily world conditions or on the teachings and program seminars for the study of special topics.

of Christ but they came to consider prayerfully This twelfth quadrennial convention marked their personal relation to Christ and their place of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the greatest service to mankind. Under trained lead- Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Mis- ers they r;;ought to catch the vision, inspiration and sions. It was appropriate that the founder of the power for the great task ahead. Movement, and its first secretary, Dr..Robert P.

Among the speakers were such well-known lead- Wilder, could be present to lead a seminar on ers as Dr. William Temple, Archbishop of York; "Prayer and Missions," but it is to be regretted Dr. Richard Roberts, Moderator of the United that he was given no adequate place in the gen- Church of Canada; Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman eral program. His messages still ring with power of the International Missionary Council and the and meet response in the student world.

masterful chairman of many conventions; Dr. Great changes have come in the world and in Robert E. Speer, one of the honored missionary student attitudes in the last half century. In 1886 advocates and Christian teachers of the day, has many lands and large areas were still without any attended and addressed all the previous volunteer knowledge of Christ and His Gospel; the native conventions. There were also numerous mission- churches were generally weak and not organized ary executives and teachers, such as Dr. Kenneth for advanc-e; there were practically no student S. Latourette, of Yale; Dr. John A. Mackay, of volunteers in the educational centres of America New York; Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Princeton, or Europe; the Mission Boards were struggling and Dr. Mills J. Taylor, of Philadelphia. Among to secure missionaries and funds for the work.

those who brought stirring testimonies from mis- The Student Volunteer Movement, started in sion lands-themselves the product of missions- Mount Hermon, Massachusetts, in 1886, was the were Prof. Baez Camargo, of Mexico; Dr. Toyo- means of arousing missionary interest in schools, hiko Kagawa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Pak, of colleges and theological seminaries. In a year or Korea, and Dr. T. Z. Koo, of China. Students also two 2,000 students had volunteered for service brought earnest, gripping messages, including abroad and the churches responded to the chal- that of the Hartford Group, the members of lenge to support them. In the past fifty years the which are seeking a place of pioneer' service in number of sailed volunteers has grown to 14,000 [ 67]

and missionary gifts have increased over four had little or no knowledge of the Bible and spirhundred per cent. itual things. They had evidently not studied the Bible in their homes, in churches or in colleges But since the World War a great change has and universities. They lacked the background come over the attitude of youth toward the solu- and foundations for the appreciation of missiontion of world problems. The Des Moines Volun- ary themes. Consequently most of the first half teer Convention, sixteen years ago, was marked of the general program at Indianapolis was not by a revolt against the leadership of the "elder missionary but was an attempt to lay these founstatesmen." That convention was large in num- dations. The audience was the mission field rather ber but the delegates were lacking in missionary than the missionary force. Probably, on the vision and purpose and were only convinced that whole, the greatest missionary impression was a change of ideals and of leadership was needed. made on the students in some of the seminars such They rightly believed that selfishness and foolish- as those on Latin America, Moslem Lands, Unocness had involved the world in terrible war and cupied Areas, the Medical Approach, and Prayer bloodshed and they expressed their intention to and Missions. A few of the groups seemed not take control of the Church and State in an effort to be so fortunate in subjects or leaders. to bring about better conditions. The problems of international peace, social justice, racial equal- The real value of the Indianapolis Convention ity and economic betterment obscured the Chris- can only be judged by the results. There may tian foundations and ideals of spiritual service. not come from it many foreign missionaries or Many students were determined to work for re- volunteers, for the present position of the Boards forms-either with or without the help of God. and the attitude of the churches are discouraging. The whole movement may undergo a change. The Four years later, at the first Indianapolis Vol- devoted General Secretary, Jesse R. Wilson, is unteer Convention (1923-24), the youth were in leaving to take up work under the Baptist Board the saddle and turned their attention from world on the Pacific Coast. Who will be called to sucevangelism to the solution of social and economic ceed him? The early days of the Movement were problems. But while earnest and energetic, they marked by the clear leadings of God, by ceaseless were uninformed and inexperienced. They failed prayer, by devoted self-sacrifice and by a fearless to make much impression or to reach any prac- pioneering spirit. Will these be manifested in the tical conclusions. The Student Volunteer Move- students who went to Indianapolis? Have they ment seemed doomed. come to a clearer knowledge of God; have they come into closer fellowship with Christ; have At the recent Indianapolis Convention the stu- they seen a new vision of all men's need for salvadents showed their responsiveness to Christian tion? Will they return to their seminaries and idealism but with much less self-confidence and colleges to start new prayer groups and mission more reaainess to listen to experienced leaders. study circles? Will they be missionaries on the The youth at Indianapolis won all hearts by their campuses where a million students wait to be earnestness and courage. They had not much in- evangelized and brought into vital contact with terest in the past and its leaders, for their faces Christ? Will new Christian leaders and new rewere toward the future, but they were not so sure sponse to God's call come out of this convention, of their own ability to turn the world right side as they-came from the first student conference at up over night. The youth of today are sobered Mount Hermon fifty years ago? If so, the Student by the knowledge that the world is not eagerly Volunteer Movement will live and grow and will bidding for their budding talents. The great usher in a new era of world-wide Christian evanproblems of the day are recognized but are seen gelism. If not- ? to be too serious for any untried, cure-all remedy. The majority of the younger generation today are FOREIGNERS ON FOREIGN MISSIONS asking – "Whither are we drifting? Who can show us the way out? Why take life so seriously? One of the outstanding features of the forty- Why not have a good time and then snuff out the third annual meeting of the Foreign Missions Concandle?" ference of North America was the unique contri- bution made by men and women who are products But at Indianapolis the youth were of a differ- of Christian missions in other lands. Dr. Toyoent temper, or they would not have been there. hiko Kagawa, now well known throughout' the They seemed eager to know the mind of Christ world as a Japanese Christian evangelist and soand to discover their place in the program of God, cial statesman, made an eloquent plea for the more but they were largely uninformed as to the essen- than fifty million rural population of Japan. In tials of Christianity and the deepest needs of man- response the conference voted to ask the Comkind. The nucleus of theological students and the mittee of Reference and Council to undertake to children of· ministers and missionaries present stood out in contrast to the mass of delegates who

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

help raise funds for building 1,000 Christian because of the lack of prospect of their being sent. chapels (at about $280 each) in rural districts The need is great both to fill places made vacant where lay leaders will minister to Japanese Chris- by death and retirement and to advance into untian groups now without places of worship and occupied fields. There is an abundance of money unable to build their own chapels. in the home church to support the work of Christ both at home and abroad, when truly God-called, Mrs. Induk Pak, the captivating Korean field 8Jdequately-prepared and spirit-filled volunteers secretary of the Christian Cooperative Committee are ready to go and when Christians at home are on work for Rural Women in Chosen (whose ad- aroused to the need, the privilege and responsidress at Indianapolis appears in this issue), spoke bility of Christian stewardship. impressively of the great need for helping Korean women to solve their economic problems while at Among the present trends in the thought of the same time they are led out into spiritual life Christian leaders at home is the greater emphasis and freedom through Jesus Christ. on the need for spiritual awakening and reeduca- tion of the churches at home in the teachings and Prof. Gonzalo Baez Camargo, a product of evan- program of Christ. Another topic always uppergelical missions and now secretary of the National most in modern mission councils is: How churches Council of Evangelical Churches in Mexico, spoke on the mission fields may be strengthened so that with power on the "upbuilding of the Evangelical they may carryon with decreased support and Church" under the present difficulties that mark oversight from America and Europe. It is evipolitical and religious activities in that country. dent that these churches must depend on the He told of the hardships and blessings that have guidance of the Spirit of God and Biblical ideals come to the Evangelical churches through the for their national development, without seeking necessity of standing on their own feet, being de- to perpetuate Occidental characteristics and diprived of help from foreign missionaries. visions. Unoccupied fields and rural popUlations are receiving more attention today, having been Mr. T. H. Sun of China, the Christian editor of too long neglected while institutional work has The Christian Farmer, made an effective plea for been developed in large centers. the rural populations of his country where there are over 300,000,000 tillers of the soil. He urged Over three hundred delegates and visitors reptheir need not only for the Gospel of Christ, but resenting sixty-nine Mission Boards were regisalso for Rural Reconstruction to teach them im- tered at this Foreign Missions Conference,. of proved methods of farming, literacy, sanitation which Dr. John R. Mott was chairman. The chairand better homes to help make strong Christian man elected for the 1937 conference is Dr. Robert communities and churches. E. Speer who is due next year to retire as secre- tary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- These four representatives of the growing sions, a position he has occupied since 1891 when Chris-tian churches in the mission fields were he was called from his studies in Princeton Thethemselves an unanswerable argument in favor ological Seminary. of taking the Gospel of Christ into all the world and offered great reason for encouragement in the STIRRINGS AMONG INDIAN future of Christianity in those lands. UNTOUCHABLES Another feature of the Asbury Park Conference Dr. Ambedkar, of India, declares that the (January 8 to 10) was the optimism shown by the wrongs of the "outcastes" can no longer be tolerrepresentatives of the Foreign Mission Boards ated. In response some factors in India's reliin the face of present difficulties. Dr. John R. gious revolution are pointed out by the editor of Mott, who has attended most of the conferences Dnyanodaya, Dr. J. F. Edwards, of Poona. He from the first, voiced the belief that the depression says: "First: The widely respected Congress and recession in foreign missionary interest and president says that it is because India still treats giving have struck bottom and the period of ad- so many of her own people as Untouchable that vance has again begun. The lessons learned, and the other nations of the world treat India as an the changes that should be made in the mission- Untouchable. ary program were not clearly stated but there is today a growing conviction that evangelism must "Second: This latest development in India's rebe stressed in all departments of the work abroad ligious revolution has been set in motion by the and that the Church at home must be spiritually redoubtable Ambedkar, largely owing to the new awakened. A committee has been appointed to Indian Constitution which despite all its defects arrange for another United Missionary Campaign has given the vote to sixteen per cent of Indian in North America to arouse the churches to population instead of only three per cent pregreater missionary interest and more intelligent viously, and is already quickening the democratic and unselfish missionary giving. Volunteers for consciousness of India's depressed and oppressed missionary work abroad are today discouraged

classes to such an extent that they have made this work or the department in which a missionary is dramatic protest against being trodden any longer active but whether the burning motive of love to underfoot. Christ and the aim to lead others to acknowledge "Third: Dr. Ambedkar is believed to be plan- Him is the chief impelling motive in all life and ning an All-India Conference of Depressed Classes work. This is the foundation of all Christian at which Untouchables shall themselves decide all missionary work and is essential for all missionthe issues involved, including their future religion. ary workers. Every qualification that can be added is or should be so much gain. Some seem "Fourth: Dr. Ambedkar is understood to re- to lose sight of one or the other of these facts. gard himself largely as an atheist. Many illustrations can be cited to show the ef- "These four facts mean that two of India's fectiveness of every kind of mission work-when greatest needs today are clear Christian teaching based on and permeated with Christlike love for regarding the nature of .true spiritual religion, souls and an intelligent spirit of evangelism. The and, above all, the daily exemplification of it in following two letters are samples: Christ-like living. In this way the humblest Indian Christian can play a mighty part in the task Miss Susannah M. Riker, who is working among of building the new India." the students of Wilmina Girls' School at Osaka, writes: The depressed Untouchable classes are threatening to leave Hinduism and join any religion that I know that some people rather disparage schools as will welcome them without distinction as to social mission work, in this day and age. But I think that is a standing. This will be a great boon to the Out- very mistaken view. I can make more contacts through our 800 or 900 girls than I can possibly make in any other castes who are still debarred from Hindu temples. way. Just that teaching plus interest in each girl brings The Moslems, Sikhs, Arya Somajists and Bud- wonderful things to the surface. A personal radiance or dhists have already made advances to these out- perhaps just a friendly word or two when an opportunity caste Hindus who number some 70,000,000 people offers, brings into being a feeling of intimacy which leads and would bring great political prestige to any a girl to Christ and a life of radiance. And through the girls we contact the whole family. As an example, re- party they join. Christians would welcome them, cently when church was over a friend of mine brought a not en masse, but only on the basis of personal re- woman to introduce her. She was the mother of a girl generation and acceptance of Christ, with a knowl- whom I had taught last year, and she had come in contact edge of what that involves. Many Hindus (Sana- with Christianity through her daughter. She had brought her son, also, and the next Sunday the whole family were talists) would be glad to have Untouchables with- there. They live far out in the country and must come in draw as the vested interests of some Hindu by train, but they were very happy to be able to come.

temples have suffered as a result of the demand Silliman University at Dumaguete in the that Untouchables be permitted to enter. On the Philippines is another example of the Christian other hand, however, Hindus do not wish to lose influence that can be exerted in educational mispolitical power by the loss of numbers counted as sion work. Dr. Roy H. Brown, the President of Hindus. One Hindu Shan Karacharya, Dr. Kurt the University, writes: Koti, has suggested the mass "conversion" of Untouchables to a new Hindu sect of Harijans, equal Think of the opportunity we have this year of touching 1,033 lives! (On a recent Decision Day sixty-five of the to other Hindus. Others suggest that the Na- students confessed Christ.) These are from all districts tional Indian Cong~ess be given the power to in the Philippines. Some of them are teachers. abolish "untouchability" by legal enactments. Such a step is unlikely as it involves religious mat- One cannot get the vision by a hasty visit to Silliman, ters. Mahatma Gandhi declares that "untouch- nor can he get it by staying only on the campus. . He must go through the Visayas and other parts of the Philip- pines encountering former students and graduates. Just ability is on its last legs." Evidently the great recently I was in Cebu. We organized a very enthusiastic barrier to social progress in India-so long con- chapter of former Silliman students, and that was very encouraging and helpful. But what filled me with satissidered impregnable-is rapidly weakening. faction was the work our graduates are doing in the stu- dent church and in the dialect church. I assisted at a cot- SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS IN EDUCATION tage prayer meeting where about thirty were gathered; they had been meeting regularly for nearly a year. The Any way that is effective in leading men to ac- leader was a Silliman boy. His prayer and remarks filled cept Christ as their divine Lord and Saviour, and me with thanksgiving that God had used Silliman to preto follow His Way of Life, is a good way. Doc- pare not only this young man but over a score in Cebu tors can be as good evangelists as preachers-or for active work for Christ. . . . better. Teachers can make use of their contacts The Manila churches are officered largely by Silliman alumni and men who have come directly under the Gospel with pupils and their homes to give the Gospel by influence while at Silliman. It would make a long roll of honor if I should put down the names and the positions word and life. Industrial and social workers, they are occupying in the Christian life of Manila, thus edi.tors and administrators can do the same. The influencing not only that great city but also reaching thouchief thing to be considered is not the type of sands who are studying and passing through Manila.

IRAN, WITH BROAD STREETS AND

Changing Attitudes in Iran By COMMODORE B. FISHER, Hamadan, Persia Missionary of the Pl'esbyterialt Church, U. S. A.

THERE is a ferment at work in the world to- theless, the modern spirit is ceaselessly pressing day. In Persia this culminated (or shall we in upon the old. say really began?) on March 21, 1935, with an announcement changing the name of old Persia An intense spirit of nationalism, patriotism to to modern Iran. This is indicative of numerous a high degree, characterizes the sentiments and other changes that are taking place among these actions of most of the people in these days. Ten "Aryans" on the Iranian plateau lying between years ago the typical schoolboy oration extolled the glories of the golden age of Cyrus and Darius, Turkey and Afghanistan, Russia and Iraq. Dur- lamented the low estate to which the country had ing the past decade a stagnant civilization of fallen and ended with an exhortation to observe veiled women and turbanned men, winding slowly the men of the West, learn of them and follow in through the narrow streets of old Persia, has been their footsteps. Patriotism has changed much of giving way to a faster moving procession of young this. Today the boys vie with one another in men and women following Paris fashions along patriotic fervor, praise the language and culture the main streets that have been cut through the of old Persia (Iran) and point out the weaknesses picturesque cities of long ago. To be sure, the of Western civilization' with its attendant evils, change is not yet complete, high walls and wind- colonial exploitation, the crime wave, the factory ing streets, donkeys and camels, samovars and system, unemployment and increasing expendi- dark harems, old bazaars and veiled ladies shrilly tures for armament. bargaining therein are still to be found. Never- This patriotic zeal is partly a result of pride in [71 ]

the recent progress in Iran and partly a result of complacently the backward conditions under disillusionment during a period of depression. A which they have grown up. They feel a sense of definite change of attitude dates from May 10, partnership in their country and their eyes have 1928, when the capitulations were abolished. A been opened to larger things than old-fashioned still more marked change followed the abrupt can- village life. Racial and religious discrimination cellation of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company's con- is being diminished. Jewish boys are sent out to cession on November 29, 1932. On that occasion bring in Moslem conscripts and they all may live there were fireworks and general celebrations in together in the village mosque. In these ways even the army is helping to break down religious prejudice as it plants seeds of unrest in the hearts of young villagers.

The schoolroom and laboratory are also doing their part in effecting changed attitudes. Many Moslems still believe that the earth is fixed and does not revolve upon its axis. They fanatically oppose all non-Moslems, consider them unclean in- fidels and refuse them admission to the mosque.

The Moslem teacher of physics in the government school must have desired to change a number of misconceptions this spring when he took his class of Moslem, Jewish and Armenian boys into the sacred mosque, suspended a pendulum from the EVEN QUEEN ESTHER'S TOMB HAS BEEN MODERNIZED dome and by the gradual change in the movement of the pendulum proved that the earth does move.

all parts of the country. The dispute was sub- Different nationalities are learning to work and mitted to the League of Nations which sent British play together primarily as young Iranians. This representatives of the company to Iran to nego- play is now directed by an American specialist tiate a new treaty far more favorable to Iran. employed by the Department of Education. Boys This sense of power, of having defied the might of who were embarrassed or too modest to wear the the British Empire, did much to stir up the latent long-sleeved uniforms a few years ago are now fires of patriotism in Iran. adopting the abbreviated athletic uniforms of the West because they are better suited to active play. All apparent lack of confidence, initiative or Such are some of the conflicts and changing attiabilIty which retarded the development of or- tudes being wrought by modern education in Iran. ganizations in old Persia is rapidly giving way to enthusiastic efforts at indigenous organization in modern Iran. The National Bank, now oper- ated largely by Iranians, has taken over the right of banknote issue from the Imperial BaRk of Per- sia and has opened numerous branches through,· out the country. An almost prohibitive tariff keeps down excessive expenditures on imported luxuries while domestic soaps, shoes, socks and clothing are being supplied in larger and larger quantities. The railroad is being pushed to com- pletion through Teheran, the capital, joining thp.

Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf on which is the beginning of an Italian-built navy. Such develop- ments in modern Iran arouse still further a sense of independence and pride. SOME MODERNIZED IRANIAN STUDENTS Modern Iran requires two years' military serv- ice of every able-bodied young man without de- In keeping with the spirit of the day many of pendents. Even though the pay is only fifty cents the principal streets are being renamed and our a month the young men are rendering this service schools have all chosen Iranian names. Three less reluctantly, looking upon it as an opportunity years ago all citizens of Iran were forbidden to to see something of their country and to attend a attend foreign primary schools. The mission has kind of boarding school at government expense. not interpreted the order as an indication of hos- Never again will those who are being taken out tile opposition but rather as a policy arising out of their narrow circle of village life accept so of the reasonable conviction that native schools

CHANGING ATTITUDES IN IRAN

could better instill a spirit of patriotism than The fast is another religious practice of almost could foreign schools. In a spirit of cooperation thirteen hundred years' standing. For one whole it is well to "render unto Cresar the things that month from new moon till new moon, from dawn are Cresar's," in order that men may be brought till dusk, food and drink are strictly forbidden. to "render unto God the things that are GQd's." To many, however, the nightly feasts are ample compensation for the hardships of the day, espe- Some of the more fundamental reforms touch cially since the hours of labor and school schedules age-long religious practices. For more than a have always been upset in order that night may thousand years the Shiahs have mourned the de- be turned into day. Schoolwork was practically feat and death of their martyrs, Hosein and Has- at a standstill, short sessions began late in the san, during the month of Moharam, culminating day and were soon completed. This year, howin mourning processions of frenzied followers of ever, in modern Iran official orders were issued the prophet. Clad in sackcloth and ashes, chant- forbidding any change in schedule during the ing dirges and beating their breasts, flagellants PREPARING TO SERVE NEW IRAN-GRADUATING CLASS OF A CHRISTIAN COLLEGE beating their backs with chains and the more zeal- month of Ramazan. Regular work was not disous striking their gory foreheads with broad- rupted, less time could be given to the night's swords, small boys on horseback and water-car- feasts and at the noon recess opportunity was riers everywhere, these great processions have given to those who wanted to go home for lunch. continued to reenact this great miracle play of In this way religious practices are becoming more Islam. This year the processions were strictly and more a matter of conviction and less and less forbidden, and in modern Iran, even as in the a matter of conforming to general custom. Saner time of the Medes and Persians, orders are given attitudes are taking the place of blind adherence to be obeyed. Thus passed one of the Shiah cus- to fanatical practices. toms with but few of the educated young people to lament its passing. In contrast, earlier in the The adoption of the Western or "international" year great multitudes assembled along the streets hat is perhaps the most noticeable change in Iran. of the city to see the first "carnival of joy"-floats Since men first began to wear hats the Oriental and clowns depicting the recent progress of Iran. has considered it disrespectful to uncover his head Only a "Miss Iran" as queen of the carnival was in one's presence, hence at formal gatherings and lacking in modern Iran in 1935! at worship no hats were removed. Since the Mos- lem prayer requires touching the forehead to the

ground the brimless fez has remained a distinc- of thought from the young people in the United tive badge. For more than a year certain groups States. Such changes in customs and costumes, have been removing their hats and on June 14th however, are effecting vital changes in attitudes the governor attended our girls' school commence- and convictions. ment and ordered all men to remove their hats. One week later most of the officials attended our Young men from the schools, from the army boys' school commencement wearing regular hats and from the universities of Europe are returning and one month later policemen began to destroy to their homes to add to the ferment that has alall fezzes. ready begun. Customs and practices of the West as well as those of old Persia are viewed with The removal of the veil is being accomplished critical eyes. The old decadent national spirit more gradually by an order forbidding the enrol- along with religious and social practices as well ment in any school of any girl wearing a veil. as hats, veils and city streets are all undergoing The young people in Iran are no longer so very rapid change. different in appearance, interests, desires or mode What a challenge we face today!

.Religious Changes in Iran By the REV. GEORGEF. ZOECKLER, J;..- Daulatiibiid-Malayis SINCE the World War a new creed, National- no reality; and that there is no further need for ism, has appeared that, in some sections, has either God or religion. well nigh or altogether supplanted revealed religion. This seems to be the present situation No doubt much of the retarded development of in Iran. One who has lived in the country for the people of Iran is one effect of the mass of traany length of time realizes the need that has too dition and superstition that has grown up about long existed for some force that could consolidate their religion, Islam, and has become a part of it. all the elements in the Iranian nation-its varied These traditions and superstitions are now being tribes, races, languages and social elements, in attacked and in some particulars the Government order that a strong government may be estab- program cuts directly across them. For example lished on a firm basis, and so that the material the program for the changing and beautifying of progress the country is making under His Maj- the cities of the land frequently involves the transesty, Reza Shah Pahlavi, may be appreciated by formation of sacred burying grounds into public the entire nation. There is good reason to praise gardens. the effort that is being put forth to develop a spirit that will help the people to recognize all classes The nationalistic spirit in its operation goes and races as integral parts of the kingdom, and even deeper and does more than to affect the exto instil into the lives of the people a spirit of ternals of life. This is exactly what it is intended loyal, active patriotism. to do. There was little in the life of the people, private or public, that did not come under the Nevertheless, one cannot but wonder what the various categories of their religion. Legal proultimate results will be of the program upon which cedure, governmental functions, social sanctions, the Government has entered and the consequent education, were all looked upon as integral parts changes which have come into the life of the peo- of Islam, and the religious leaders claimed for ple. One does not fear so much for the material themselves these prerogatives. Before the inchanges themselves, for these may mean real im- auguration of the new legal code, legal procedure, provement in the material condition of the masses; which confined itself to the provisions of the but one wonders how rapidly it will be possible Shariat, and its interpretation by the Mujtahideen, for the masses to assimilate all that these changes was administered by these same Mujtahideen and involve, and what effect they will have upon their their coterie. Deeds of sale, contracts of all kinds, spiritual character. Iran, in these particulars, is including marriage contracts, divorce, and all no different from other nations and peoples. Such other legal documents, were executed by those who rapid material changes tend to produce the belief were theoretically the religious and spiritual leadthat religion has failed; that the spiritual life has ers of the people. But now, through the estab- lishment by the Government of courts of justice

RELIGIOUS CHANGES IN IRAN

and departments for the registration of contracts, a marked decrease in the number of Iranian Mosthe religious leaders have been relieved of the lems undertaking the pilgrimages to Mecca and functions which they formerly exercised. Kerbela. This is due in part to restrictions on exchange and travel for Iranians outside of the Religious Leaders and Observances bounds of the country. At the same time there has been a marked increase in the number of pilgrims Prior to the assumption of these functions on to the Qom and Meshhed shrines which are within the part of the Government, there had appeared the country. Better roads and automobile transa growing distrust of the religious leaders and port are, no doubt, largely responsible for this. much of the retarded development of the people While there are those who make these pilgrimages was laid at their doors. Several years ago the from religious zeal, there are also many who make Government set out to clear up the situation that these excursions more from the desire to see other existed in the ranks of the religious leaders. parts of Iran. Their number had become so great and many were so obviously unfit for their calling that the Gov- The net result of these changes, as they affect ernment inaugurated special examinations to the spiritual side of life seems to be a marked which this extensive group was subjected. Many trend toward agnosticism, irreligion and atheism. who had been wearing clerical robes, realizing the While many cling to the Moslem faith, there is a futility of even trying for the examinations, did marked tendency among them toward a more libnot appear for them, while a large number who eral interpretation of their religion and its pracdid try were rejected; both of these classes were tices, so that there seems to be lacking that incompelled to withdraw from the clerical ranks. tense fanaticism that was so much in evidence Thus the Mullahs have been reduced so that today not so long ago. However, even among the more there are probably not more than twenty-five per educated and progressive where the tendency tocent of the former number. And those who re- ward irreligion has been most marked, one finds main are, in the main, ill equipped to meet the at times those who have become convinced that spiritual needs of the people; and stripped of material advances are not in themselves sufficient their former powers they hold no real influence to change the people into a new nation, but that a over the masses who are left very largely without spiritual basis must be sought to stabilize the maspiritual guidance at a time when they are most terial advance. in need of it. Effect on Christian Work Many of the religious exercises of the people have felt the impact of the changes that are tak- Nationalism, and the changes it has brought in ing place. The Shiah Moslems have always laid the religious life of the people, cannot but have great emphasis on the sufferings and martyrdom very definite effects upon Christian mission work. of the Imam Hosein on the field of Kerbela, and Let us note the effect on the definitely evangelistic the months of Moharram and Safar-especially work and the development of a national Christian the first ten days-have been set aside to com- Church. memorate this event. The processions during these days, accompanied by wailings and beatings Until recently the Government of Iran gave of breasts, by castigations and flagellations and legal recognition to but one religious faith, Islam. mutilations, are well known to all who are ac- Latterly it has given recognition to four religious quainted with Shiah Moslem customs. These faiths: Islam, ChristianUy, Judaism and Zoroaspractices, which meant so much to devout Mos- trianism. It would seem at first that this change lems, have been curtailed by Government order, would free the evangelistic program from some of almost to the point of extinction. the restrictions under which it has been conduct- ed, but due to other elements that enter into the The fast in the month of Ramazan, which was nationalistic program, this is not the case. Jp the formerly so rigorously observed and enforced that past, though Islam was undisputedly dominant in even non-Moslems were compelled to refrain from the land, the missionary evangelist was free to eating in public, is being less and less observed travel in practically any part of the country. today. It is not uncommon to see even Moslems Medico-evangelistic itineration was a common and eating in public during the month of Ramazan. fruitful method. But today through the limita- Government office hours and the hours of school tions made with regard to foreigners practicing sessions, which formerly were tempered to the medicine in Iran, the activities of the missionary occasion, are now retained without any change. physician and surgeon are materially circum- scribed. On the other hand, the Government's The prescribed prayers, five times a day, which effort to consolidate its work has brought legislaare incumbent on every Moslem, are not so strictly tion against political and religious propaganda observed by Iranian Moslems; and the same is which frequently hampers the evangelist. The true of other practices of their religion. There is

enforcement of regulations is often dependent strong effort has been put forth to effect a national upon the attitude of local officials and their inter- consolidation of the churches; and while this has pretation of a specific order, or their attitude to- not been possible on a national scale because the ward a particular individual. Islam is still churches in the south are under the Church Mis~ guarded, and it is now a misdemeanor to speak sionary Society and those in the north are Presdisparagingly about Islam or Mohammed. byterian in government, it has been possible to effect a union of the churches in the north. It is For some time there has been a shifting of em- too early to speak of accomplishments in this new phasis in the Christian approach to Moslems. Not union, but one can cite examples of work that many years ago the accepted method was that of some of the churches in the Union are already controversy and the literature employed was undertaking. In the Rezaieh (Urumia) district largely controvertial. An effort was made, by the missionary forces were withdrawn some logical proof, to establish the truth of Christianity twenty months ago at the request of the Governas against the fallacy of Islam, and to exalt Christ ment. Before the World War the churches in this by pointing out faults in Mohammed. Today this area had attained a promising degree of independmethod is entirely abandoned and in its place is ence but only a small fraction of the members of the simple presentation of Jesus Christ in His those churches returned when peace was restored. beauty and holiness as the Lord and Saviour of But the churches were rebuilt and the services reman. The fulness and the brightness of His established. It was with some misgivings for the matchless character and its appeal to the hearts of welfare of these churches that the mission forces men, together with His ability to meet their spir- were withdrawn, but the report for this period itual needs, must win them to Him; if that cannot seems to indicate a strength in these churches that win them, surely controversy will not succeed. had hardly been foreseen.

But presenting Jesus Christ to the people of Another church is endeavoring to maintain the Iran is succeeding. Men and women are coming work of an outstation which the mission was not to know the Christ in varying degrees, and they able to keep up during these years of retrenchadmire Him and His teachings; and while, at ment. A third church is maintaining, at considertimes, they may look upon His teachings as impos- able expense to itself, two primary schools. Three sible of attainment, they are no longer content years ago, when all primary schools operated by with anything less. Not infrequently have I foreigners were discontinued, this church, desirheard it said by those who have come in touch ing that its children should still be able to get with the Gospel that if Iran would follow the Ser- their education under Christian influences, semon on the Mount it would become heaven. But cured permission and undertook to operate the even if Moslems have not yet come to know Him schools which the mission was forced to relinquish. in His fulness, they are coming to know Him; Their graduates, presenting themselves for the and as they know Him better they will come to compulsory Government examinations at the close appreciate Him-to a much larger degree also. It of the· course, have carried off high honors. is often these individuals who are effective instruments in breaking down the prejudices against These churches have also become conscious of Christ in others. each other and not infrequently they endeavor to assist one another in cases of particular stress The .National Christian Church and need. At the first meeting of the Union of the Evangelical Churches of Northern Iran the The new atUtude in Iran has also affected the moderator stressed the fact that the fundamental work of the national church. While the great ob- purpose of the organization was to make it posjective of mission work is the development of the sible for all the churches to come to a fuller muchurch, no great progress had been made toward tual understanding of their conditions so as to be this. end before the nationalistic movement began able to be of more assistance to one another. to make itself felt. Only in the region of the Rezaieh (Urumia) field had any real progress been These are a few of the religious changes seen noted, and this was before the devastations of the in 'Iran today. They reveal the great need for a World War which practically wiped out all that spiritual foundation upon which to establish those had been attained in that field. In other parts of changes; and over against this fundamental need the country, while churches had been established a growing and dev6!loping church which, though in cities, towns and villages, no organization had still weak, is alive to the situation. Alongside is brought them together into a national unit. There the mission still seeking to work in the closest cowere evidences of the nationalistic spirit in the operation with the newly-founded church. It is a church, and the mission was not averse to utilizing challenging situation ripe with opportunities, this spirit in furthering the establishment of the problems and responsibilities which call for the indigenous church. During the past few years a prayerful support of the Christian world.

Nestorian Tragedy in

THE Nestorian Assyrians in Irak fled at the the Patriarch, Mar Shimun, had to flee from Irak outbreak of the World War from their Kurd- after the massacre, he came to Geneva to plead the ish mountains to the lowland plains in Meso- cause of his people before the League. The Counpotamia, in order to escape the fate brought upon cil thereupon appointed a committee to look about the Armenians by the Turks. They confided in the for a new home for these homeless people. It com- protection of England, when Irak was mandated missioned the Nansen-Committee for Fugitives to to that country. Assyrian tribes were already liv- undertake the necessary steps, but no one wants ing in Irak, among them the Roman Catholic to receive the Assyrians. They cannot return to "Chaldeans," while the Nestorian fugitives re- Turkey, and in Irak they are scattered and quickly mained true to their ancient faith, which their die of hunger and sickness. The Syrian mandated missionaries had once carried even into China. territory cannot receive them and the same is true These Nestorian fugitives found shelter in of Persia. The Nansen Committee sent a delega- upper Irak and some of them fought under Gen- tion to Brazil, which at first seemed inclined to eral Agha Petros in the allied army. But thou- allow the fugitives to settle, but, under the in- sands were unable to get through to Irak, and fluence of a press campaign, refused them en- found their way through to Russia, to the Baltic trance. At present the Nansen Committee is try- countries, to Persia and even to southern France. ing to find a home for them in British Guiana.

The Nestorian Assyrians are under the spiritual This plan does not seem very feasible on account leadership of a patriarch, who is the national head of unfavorable climatic conditions. Australia of his people. The present patriarch, Mar Shimun, might perhaps grant refuge to these homeless is a young man of twenty-five years, who has en- fugitives in its unoccupied territory.

joyed an English education and lives now in The Assyrian people, like the Armenian, have western Europe. become the victim of political discrimination. The The Assyrians, who were unable to return to whole Christian world should take hold of the sit- Kurdistan, their ancient home, have settled in the uation or another winter will diminish their num- villages around Mosul and some are employed by bers frightfully. Christendom has an indisputable the British to guard the British airplane hangars. responsibility for the preservation of these Chris- When Irak, after gaining its independence, tian people, who have already suffered so much joined the League of Nations, the Assyrians feared for their faith in past centuries. The Swiss Evan- that their condition would be made worse, as the gelical Church Federation, as early as 1933, ap- policy of the Irak Government was to disperse pealed to the Ecumenical Council for Practical them throughout the country so as to destroy their Christianity, to use its influence with the League national and church unity. A still greater peril of Nations for a better protection of these people.

lay in the ancient antagonism between Moham- In collaboration with Dr. Keller, the head of the medans and Christians. This came to a head European Central Office for Church Relief, the about three years ago in the notorious massacre above committee is now constantly occupied with in which a thousand Assyrians were slain. these problems. It has organized an Assyrian The Assyrians are a people without home, with- subcommittee and raised subscriptions in Switzer- out protection, without help. The Geneva central land and has appealed to the Assyrian Commission office for church aid and relief has been engaged of the League. An Assyrian representative from for the last ten years in helping individual groups India, Mar Timotheus, who took part in the world of fugitives in France and Syria. The relief office conference at Stockholm applied to this great con- has also done much to procure aid for the suf- ference for help for his dying people. The Cen- ferers in Irak. Although the Government has tral Committee was able during the last two years settled the surviving widows and orphans of the to carry some relief to the fugitives in Irak, the massacred Assyrians in internment camps, there Lebanon and some other countries; but vastly are still thousands in the villages, north and east more is needed, if this frightful perishing is to be of Mosul, who live in the direct misery. Last halted. If a new home should be found for the winter there was great mortality among them, so Assyrian Christians, western Christendom should that, unless help comes soon, these people, num- become sponsor for their ancient Oriental Chris- bering about 35,000 in Irak, will disappear alto- tian church. There is great danger that this gether. dying people may need no further help either from What has been the activity of the League of the League of Nations or from Christian people.

Nations toward protecting the Assyrians? When -The Ecumenical Press Service.

[77 ]

with Moslems in Arabia*

By REV. B. D. HAKKEN, Bahrein, Persian Gulf REPETITION is a fundamental principle of prevail and whether the Gospel will ever have a pedagogy and Islam has certainly taken ad- real hearing. The unreasonable attitude, the vantage of this. When very young the child cocksure assertions, even the pitying scorn for our is sent to the Koran School where, through con- blindness to the truth of Islam, take their toll. It " stant repetition, he memorizes the Koran in whole seems that they will never turn a sympathetic ear or in part. When he is old enough to pray, the to our message and will go on forever stating the repetition of the prayers five times a day again same falsehoods, the same irrational half-truths, brings this principle to the fore and continues with the same bigoted assertions. But we know that the worshiper throughout his whole life. Ejacula- the truth will prevail.

tions, exclamations, common everyday expres- The Moslem has come to put repetition in the sions, greetings morning, noon and night, all place of thought. Simply because he has been told contain the word "Allah." Children are named a thing enough times, he believes it is true and it servants of Allah or are given the name of their is hard to get him to try to think. Logic simply prophet. Mohammed is never mentioned except does not enter into the matter. From cradle to with the formula, "Upon whom be prayers and the grave, the Moslem hears that the Koran is the peace." His unique character is continually em- word of God; therefore it is, and the man never phasized. Even the smallest things, the most min- even thinks to question. Again and again he hears ute customs of the people take their rise from the that Mohammed is the essence of all that is good example of Mohammed. in man and it does not occur to them that he is not This idea of doing and saying things again and what he is pictured.

again naturally has its effects on the work of the One time I said to some of my school boys, "It Gospel, most of which are unfavorable, but some is just possible that you are wrong and we are are favorable. Many times we have heard quoted right. It is possible that the Koran is not God's from the Koran that Christians are closer to Mos- word and that the Gospel is. It is possible that lems than any other sect! Many times we have Mohammed is not a prophet where Christ is the heard Moslems quote texts from the Koran in seal of the prophets. Have you thought of that?"

praise of Christ! Many times we have been re- The answer is illuminating: "But the Koran says ferred to as "People of the Book" and told what that he is the apostle of God." It was not for a lot of good we are doing out here! Many times these boys to question the Koran. Countless ex- we have heard Moslems confess that they love and amples can be given for again and again we are honor Christ even more than we do! led up against· the stone wall of the Koran and Then there is the unfavorable side. How many Mohammed built by the principle of repetition.

times we have heard that the Koran is the word Can this stone wall be broken down? It can of God for no one can write anything like it, no, and it is. The pedagogic principle of repetition is not even the jinns! How many times we have also at work from the standpoint of Christ. We heard that Mohammed is the seal of the prophets too, insist, and continue to insist,·that our Gospel for he came after Christ and there has been no is God's Book and is true, that Christ is the seal prophet since! Continually we hear the assertion of the prophets and the Saviour of the world. We that the Koran has replaced the Gospel. Steadily insist that He died for our sins. We insist that we hear the text quoted, "God is not begotten and His commandment of love is the only hope of man- He begetteth not," the refutation of Christ's son- kind. We insist that religion is of the spirit and ship, for they conceive of it in a physical sense. not only of outward acts. We insist that justice Possibly the text we hear quoted more than any and mercy are the greatest attributes of God as is, "They did not kill Him and they did not crucify over against the Moslem idea of power. For al- Him, but they only had His likeness." All these most half a century we have been proclaiming the and many more are definitely against the propa- God of love and the constant repetition is having gation of the Gospel. its effect. The truths of the Gospel are b.attering But we wish to note the effect of Moslem repeti- against the stone wall of Islam and although the tions. It is not only tiresome, but tiring to hear effect of this battering is still slight, yet we can these false platitudes "bandied about continually. see that something is being accomplished and we At times one wonders whether the truth will ever shall continue our work. Again and again and again we shall proclaim the unsearchable riches • Condensed from Neglected Arabia. of Christ.

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Blots on National 'Scutcheons

An Open Letter to My Friends, the Women of Japan* By MURIEL LESTER, Kingsley Hall, London 1'- Author "Ways of Praying"

~======================d N EARLY ten years ago I suffered a humilia- "Please ask this English lady, when she gets tion. I was in India standing with a friend back to London, to speak to the people there and in one of the narrow streets of Delhi, beg them to do something to help us, for we are watching the keeper of an opium shop supplying weak of will, and so long as the drugs are procur- addicts with drugs. For twenty minutes I forced able we cannot help taking them."

myself to be a witness of this Government licensed The message was translated but what could I traffic for which, as a British woman, I was par- answer, I, a nobody, a slum dweller, one among tially responsible. the millions of fellow citizens in the British Em- Passers-by, wondering what was happening, pire? I explained that I had no power except as stood silent, grave and impassive, watching us. an individual, but I promised to give their mes- One of the purchasers, mere skin and bone he sage to everyone I could reach and I would keep seemed, having exchanged his money for a few them in mind every day of my life by putting them grains of the potent powder was shuffling away in my prayers. Thenceforward it was impossible for me to bewhen my friend spoke to him. come acquiescent or complacent about imperial- "Why do you take it, grandpa?" she enquired. ism. My vow led me into all sorts of unexpected situations, to Governors in India, to officials in "Ah! Lady," he answered. "It was a bad cough London, to public meetings in England, Scotland I had. It racked my body and this medicine took and Wales. away the pain." It is with no tinge of censoriousness therefore "I can give you something better than that for that I am appealing to the people of Japan to peryour cough," she said. suade the Government policy to be altered as re- gards poisonous drugs in China. How can I blame The old man reached out his hand as she wrote you, considering that when my ancestors were down her address on a slip of paper. Other pur- waging the opium wars, yours were giving to the chasers gathered round, courteously inquiring, world a unique contribution of art, drama, archi- Indian style, who we were and what had brought tecture, ideals of self-sacrifice, courtesy, self-reus there. My friend explained that I was British straint, and loyalty for which Japan has for so and had just come from London in order to know long been noted? something of their way of life. This caused them to draw closer still. They were all attention while It is out of my steadfast love for Japan and my she explained that there were no opium shops in deep appreciation of your national characteristics London. To take drugs or to trade in them was that I venture to write this letter. against the law. They were greatly impressed by this anomaly. Their surprised scrutiny was hard There are two outstanding experiences to which to bear. I had to force myself to raise my head my mind often reverts, and never without getting and face them. Just then a new customer came satisfaction and inspiration. They are listening up, a cheery looking boy of twelve or thirteen. to the nightingale deep in an English forest glade in June and watching the Kabuki drama in Osaka. "Surely you do not take it, sonnie," exclaimed Both experiences give one a satisfaction so deep, my friend. a sense of fulfilment so real, that time almost seems to stand still, while one is experiencing their "Oh! No," he retorted with a broad grin. "I beauty. am only getting it for the baby." With this association of ideas which has en- "That's right," exclaimed one of those who riched me ever since first visiting Japan eighteen stood nearest to us, "it's useful for babies. It months ago, the new experience is doubly unwelkeeps them out of harm's way while their mothers co~e which now links Japanese drama in my are at work." mmd to a Japanese theater in the Demilitarized As the boy went off with his screw of paper a man raised his voice.

• A letter written from North China on June 12, 1935. Zone in North China. This shows obscene plays [79 ]

daily from ten o'clock in the morning, runs an il- "Do you not think these children look very lovlegal lottery in the vestibule, sells morphine and able?" asked the teacher. heroin throughout the program-all under the protection of Japanese authority. The local mag- "Indeed they are very lovable children," anistrate's order for the closure of this theater when swered the Chinese. it was in Chinese hands was effective. The local social conscience was appeased. But when Japa- "Where do you think they live?" asked the nese citizens reopened it and allied with the evil teacher. plays produced these other evils, and claimed ~x­ traterritoriality to justify ignoring the magIS- The Chinese children guessed, but none successtrate's repeated closure order, it was merely the fully. might of the Japanese military that caused these anti-social activities to be allowed free scope to "They are children of Japan," said the teacher. bring in profits. The children remembered the bombs that had suddenly begun to fall around them when they Education vs. Drugs were in church one Sunday morning. They knew how J apamise soldiers stabled their horses in their Almost every day of my stay in Japan I visited school playgrounds and made their homes miseror heard of some new school. Wherever I went, able. people seemed to be reading. Nowhere else in the "No, they cannot be. The Japanese are wicked," world have I seen street peddlers and costermon- they answered with childlike directness. gers studying books in the intervals between the The teacher encouraged the children to talk out sale of buttons, tapes, candy arid oranges. I had this problem, reminding them that they had althe privilege of meeting a woman who, long years ready pronounced them lovable: yet they were ago, was the first girl to attend school in Japan. indisputably Japanese. After discussing it for When she heard that the Government had opened some time, the children announced their concluone she insisted on her father taking her to it. sions. "It may be that the boys and girls of Japan Their journey thither took ten days. When she are lovable and only the grown-ups are wicked." arrived she found she was the only student. It was I have been interested to see how many of the not till a month later that a second and a third finest Chinese citizens, with a deep sense of spirgirl joined her. Now Nursery Schools are found itual values, have gone on from that point to exin obscure villages and great educational institu- plain to young people that even a further step tions have been set up by self-sacrificing service must be taken; they must never forget that the and generous gifts from many lovers of youth. grown-up people of Japan are good, that the evil things that are so obviously being done in Educationists who travel from Japan to China their name are not known to most of the Japanese find in that country the same reverence for edu- at home. cation, the same sort of institutions resulting from the same sort of devotion. Imagine then the shock I was delighted in Japan by the courtesy of the of finding, immediately outside the walls of Yen- people. I can never forget how the driver of my ching University, ten miles from the city of Peip- car nearly collided with another on turning a ing, a drug trafficker who had set up his poison.ous corner in Tokyo. At home there would probably business and refused .to recognize the law agamst have been some sarcasm, a little display of temper, it, quoting his status as a Japanese citizen u:?der some profanity; not so in Japan. As soon as the the protection of the Japanese Consulate at TIent- drivers clamped on the brakes, both leaped from sin. Members of the University faculty, men of their seats, swept off their hats, bowed almost to international repute, had no power against the the ground and made polite speeches to each other. evil intent of one trafficker. When representations In a moment we were continuing our journey were made to the Japanese Consulate, they ordered the drug trafficker away but allowed him to How different are Japanese manners in China! return in a week or so. I saw this man in his place On the wharf where a distinguished visitor was of business. Are students to be encouraged in about to embark, Chinese police had roped off a self-discipline and good citizenship and kept free space in the usual manner. Representatives of from commercialized temptations in Japan while many nations were waiting to give their welcome. outside your country you insist that an opposite A Japanese official came up late, could not find the set of ideas is to motivate action? point of vantage he desired so proceeded to the point which was being guarded by the- police. Are They All Wicked? They told him there was no entrance that way but he insisted in the face of the assembled company Some Chinese children in the Demilitarized crudely to push his way through. Zone were shown a photograph of Japanese children taken in one of your Nursery Schools. When I first visited Japan, I remember a Brit- ish resident of long standing describing the hon-

THE BLOTS ON NATIONAL 'SCUTCHEONS

esty of the people. If anything were lost, she de- to do so. They insisted that he produce the money clared, it was almost certain to be returned. She next day. He procured $500 but they were not herself had dropped in the street her purse with satisfied. When bayonets are brought into an arsome thirty yen in paper money which any passer- gument equity suffers; the following day $2,000 by could have kept without risk of detention. It more were extorted from him. A military reprewas returned to her next day. But in the Demili- sentative from Tientsin Consulate then came to tarized Zone of North China the poison drug shops inquire into the situation. He told the magistrate operated by Japanese and Koreans, are well to sign a statement that he had not been held known as receivers of stolen goods. They operate prisoner in his office. This he refused to do. But a pawnshop in alliance with their drug traffic so he suffered for it afterwards. that addicts are tempted to steal in order to procure their dose. There is no redress, even if one During my journeyings round the world three knows where one's stolen property has been de- institutions stand out in my memory as super-exposited. The shops are under Japanese law, not cellent. Among these is the Government Leper Chinese. Hospital and Settlement near Tokyo that Dr. Ka- gawa took me ,to see. It is so well run that not 'Loyalty vs. Injustice only are skill and technical achievement obvious even to a novice in medicine, but one cannot help Another thing that I especially appreciated in noticing a spirit of personal devotion, that has Japan was the loyalty of the individual to his sense elicited from the victims of that disease a sort of of duty. With Japanese, self-will seems to be com- happiness. pletelysubordinated to the good of the nation. Loyalty has characterized Japanese life for so Other public health work in various parts of long that even a visitor, whose total stay during Japan was memorable also but in China public both visits did not exceed eleven weeks, caught health work is being hindered through the extra something of this steadfastness of purpose. Sure- burdens laid upon the doctors and nurses in the ly this might be considered J.apan's greatest con- treatment of drug addicts who would be self-retribution to the world! Some of us in the West specting citizens if it were not for the influx of have been trying to follow the way of Jesus Christ Japanese and Korean drug traffickers. Is it credfor centuries. We have found it extremely hard itable to Japan that doctors and nurses, Chinese to be loyal to the command laid upon His followers and foreign, should have their time taken up by in no uncertain terms, "If anyone would come dealing with victims of Japanese traders? after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me." The cross is no orna- In the Demilitarized Zone mented symbol of gold, silver or wood. It is a symbol of death, agony, torture. Morning by I enjoyed traveling in Japan. The orderliness morning we try to face this challenge, to match and punctuality are dependable, pleasant to exour personal puny strength with the possible im- perience. The railway travel in China I have enplications of this demand. Are we willing to go joyed until now, but on my way through the Deany length, to disgrace or to death, in loyalty to militarized Zone a Japanese soldier came into the our Master and for the sake of others? It is a third-class carriage in which I was traveling. The frightfully difficult discipline for us to undergo, Chinese guard asked for his ticket. He had none but you people of Japan are already trained to do but said he was with the military. Where was it. It has been in your blood for centuries. What his ticket then, asked the conductor? He said he other race in the world is so well prepared to lead had a military pass but did not produce it. The the way in loyalty? But here in China you inter- conductor very politely informed him that in that fere with people who are trying to do their duty. case this was the wrong train for him to travel on as it was not available for the military. He an- Last summer an alert Chinese magistrate in the swered that there seemed to be plenty of room Demilitarized Zone, knowing that his authority and settled down to enjoy the journey. held sway at any rate over the Chinese in his district, arrested some Chinese employees of a J apa- While in Japan last spring I heard of the fornese drug firm when they were not on their em- ward movement to do away with the licensed ployer's premises. He confiscated the drugs they houses for prostitutes. It was a pleasure to diswere carrying and despatched the whole lot to cuss with social workers this big step forward and Tientsin. Some roughs were immediately gath- to notice how the great campaign Josephine Butered together and sent into his office to demand ler waged in the middle of the last century, when $7,000 damages for his action. He refused to pay. she stood up at the risk of her life against licensed Then Japanese troops from Lanhsien came and prostitution, was being courageously maintained ordered him to come to the barrack but he was a by her successors in Japan. Having witnessed college graduate and not easily scared; he refused

this social advance, it was disappointing to find a common weal. They encourage their country puwidespread operation of brothels by Japanese and pils to give their spare time to help the under- Koreans in the Demilitarized Zone. I saw many privileged children in their midst. Changli people such houses, some of them blatantly advertising have turned their attention to improving the local their nature not only in Chinese characters but in methods of agriculture by means of modern scilarge English lettering. ence. They are planting fruit trees with new con- fidence believing they can prevent the recurrence Trees vs. Children of pests.

When I reached Kyoto last March I found the With the setting up of the Demilitarized Zone, hills transformed. Tall gaunt tree trunks, stripped however, the traffic in poisonous drugs has been of branch and leaf stood out against the skyline, carried on with greatly enhanced profits. The witnesses €ven in death to the violence of the re- magistrate has no power to control the Japanese cent typhoon. Hour after hour I roamed up and and Koreans who have set up their "foreign firms" down the winding paths of those hills, sorry for all over the district. Changli County actually the widespread destruction and the loss of life suffers much less than other parts of the Zone, sustained. One evening I was sitting indoors with but the very fact of its civic conscience and its my Japanese friends when we heard the slow beat- nearness to Peiping makes it the most convenient ing at regular intervals of a great temple gong. place to study and report upon. According to the It was to summon people to a memorial dirge for survey carried out this month, over thirty Japathe trees. The night was still and dark. The sol- nese and Korean firms are operating, just outside emn act of mourning was celebrated simultaneous- the city walls, because ,the respectable citizens ly in town and on the pine-clad heights. within the walls will not rent premises to them. Noone has power to close these shops except the Next day, in characteristic Japanese manner, Japanese. Whenever the local authorities attempt men started efficiently to repair the damage. I to do so, they are reminded that Japanese and saw the carts passing through streets, each carry- Koreans need not obey Chinese law. Does Japaing a white robed Shinto priest and some six or nese law favor allowing young people to become eight young saplings to be planted so as to clothe drug addicts? the hills with green once more. A peculiarly unpleasant feature of this traffic But no one could restore the human loss of life. is the opening up of lotteries on the same prem- The widespread lamentation of the mothers rings ises, and pawn shops wherein those who pledge in one's ears still. "Oh! my children! Oh! my their goods are encouraged to take payment in trees! Alas for my children! Alas for my trees !" drugs rather than in cash. Both these practices are illegal according to local law but protected by In the Demilitarized Zone Chinese parents are the Japanese military. I went into the local clinic mourning for their children. Some of them can where drug addicts are treated and found most of yet be saved. Would you not have succoured them them young. long ago if you had known what was happening? But just as it was through the testimony of eye- Consider how easily one careless act-ion may witnesses that the British public had to be made lead to destruction. A dose is procurable for sevaware of the havoc of opium in India, so in Japan en sen; the ignorant purchaser is told that it will the stories about the recent influx of drugs into cure any pain; the syringe for the injection is North China were deemed false, the result of un- rented on the deferred payment system, the second friendly propaganda, until someone could go and dose will cost more, the third more still. Soon the collect trustworthy evidence. "And if you see man is helpless and his home is ruined. Very often anything bad be sure to let us know," was the in- the first dose is given free. Child addicts are by junction given me by several Japanese public men, no means unknown. people of integrity and wide experience in government, before I set sail for China. It has been suggested several times that it is dangerous to tamper with the profits of the opium Changli is a little self-respecting town of some trader. It is playing with dynamite. But it is 15,000 inhabitants. They have a well-run hospital encouraging to see how more and more people are and some excellent schools where the girls and coming to feel that it is better to die in the cause boys imbibe good citizenship as well as book learn- of humanity than in the killing of fellow human ing. The students work with their hands, build- beings. One can do a very great and lovely service ing and roadmending. I saw the girls also lend a to one's nation by removing from her name the hand in repairing the highway. taint of protecting profits rather than persons. That is what women all the world over are trying T,eachers trained in Changli go into obscure to do for their countries. Let us stand shoulder to parts of the province and carry thither the good shoulder in this. tradition of voluntary service and care for the

A Korean Woman's Story*

-<!III By MRS. INDUK PAR:, Sooul, Cho"," II ….

I T IS very significant for a woman, an Oriental, On Christmas morning my mother and I walked particularly a Korean, to be asked to speak to on the lonely snow-covered road for three miles to a representative group of young people from the church where a few groups of women and chil- the higher institutions of America and Canada. dren were gathered together singing a Christmas Having heard the wonderful speeches by the carol. I see still my mother as she stood up world-renowned teachers, my courage has almost bravely and told the people her new decision to failed. But, when I think of what Christ has follow Jesus Christ who had brought her peace.

meant to me and to my fellow women, I cannot I did not understand what it was all about but keep quiet. I must tell it to others. I was very happy to be given a yellow writing pad We have just celebrated the fiftieth anniversary and a blue pencil!

of the beginning of Christian missions in Korea. After we went back home I asked my mother The achievements within a very short period of to teach me to write and read, but she said, "My time are really great. I cannot give the statistics, daughter, I am sorry I cannot because I don't but generally speaking, the missions have helped know myself."

us to wake up intellectually, spiritually, and Under the old regime girls were not given an physically through evangelistic, educational and academic education. The homes were the schools; medical work. mothers were the teachers. The girls in their The Protestant missions came to us just at the homes were taught cooking, sewing and etiquette.

time when we needed them most. My country If the family was well-to-do, the daughters were was in the position of a charming young woman taught by private teachers to read and write the who had many lovers fighting for her beauty and Chinese classics and to paint. But my mother nobility. Korea, with a most important geograph- had no money to give them to teach me. There ical position, with beautiful scenery, good climate, were a few mission schools for girls in the big rich resources, and peace-loving people, could not cities but they were too far away.

resist the outside forces. So my mother put boy's clothes on me, changed Fifty years ago, when we were going through my name to a boy's, and took me to a boys' school.

the most crucial movement in our political life, For two years, I studied and played with the boys, Christianity brought to us the greatest hope, the climbing the trees, spinning tops, flying kites, only hope, Jesus Christ. He was and is still the jumping ropes and running races. It was possible great Friend of our women and children. No re- in those days because both boys and girls wore ligion in Korea showed us the real value of wom- long hair. On the last day of school I appeared anhood. with a girl's dress and surprised the boys! In the When I was about six years old, my father and boys' school, I realized that, after all, women are my only brother died of cholera within twenty- not inferior to men intellectually, as our men four hours. Two…;thirds of my people were gone, thought, and I determined that I was going to get including my uncles, aunts, and cousins. It seemed an education in a girls' school; but how could I?

the whole country was at the point of death. My I begged my mother to give me a dollar and fifty mother felt her loneliness in spirit, helplessness cents. She gave it to me but I don't know where in life, and hopelessness in material things. All she got it. I followed a friend of mine to Seoul she had was her little girl, negative value, not to a missionary school for girls and for the first counted by people. time I saw a missionary from America. She was One day a Christian missionary came to see my tall and good-looking; she put her arms around mother and she told her the wonderful story of me and said, "Are you here to learn? Who sent Christ. It wakened my mother's heart. It opened you ?" I ~ad paid 60 cents for my railroad fare, my mother's eyes. It gave her a new life. and had nmety cents left. When I showed this to her she looked at me and said, "What a pity it is!

• Slightly condensed from an address delivered at the Student You really want to learn?" Volunteer Missionary Convention, January 1, 1936. This and other "Yes," I said. convention addresses will appear in The Student Volunteer Conven- "Then stay here." tion Report, published at $2.00 a copy. Order from the S. V. M., 254 Fourth Ave., New York.

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She wrote to her friends in America, to a blind The large maj ority of our women are the wives poet who lived with his sister in Illinois. They of farmers. So, in order to help our rural people were very much interested in missions, and sent first of all, I thought that we must help the women.

$5.00 a month for seven years to help me with my With the help of many friends in America and education. at home, I took up this special field of work with Seventeen years later, I came to America and ,the village women. We have quite a few volun- went to see my blind poet. He took my hand in teer workers, and so we· selected many villages his and said, "I cannot see you face to face, but I near Seoul, and two by two we went to these vil- can feel and know that your eyes are opened spir- lages once a week. Usually between 20 to 40 or itually." Up to this time I learned about Jesus, 50 women gathered together under the trees if it but I did not know him personally as my Saviour. were warm, and if it grew cold we met in a large In 1919, when we had the Independence Move- house in the village or in a dugout.

ment in Korea many young men and women were First of all, we spent much of our time in learnarrested; I was one of those who was put in jail ing singing and playing games, because our peo- and was there in solitary confinement for six ple haven't realized the value of recreation. We months. Without any people to talk with, nothing have had an unbalanced program of life. Someto see and no books to read, I remembered that times we meditated too long and sometimes we Jesus said, "Man shall not live by bread alone" worked too much. And so, we tried to give our and I knew what He meant. I could go hungry women some recreation so they can have some for nine days, but I could not go on without the amusement in their lives.

words of Jesus. Besides the recreational program, we take up After I had been in jail a month a missionary practical subjects such as hygiene, sanitation, first sent me a copy of the Bible, and I grasped that aid, baby care, budgeting, dyeing, sewing, cook- copy with my two hands and started to read it ing, and how to raise silk worms, pigs, chickens, from the first page to the end. Seven times I read rabbits, cows. These practical subjects help our the New Testament in jail, and twice the Old women to make better homes and better communi- Testament. While I was meditating and mem- ties. We also tell them the wonderful stories of orizing the words of Jesus, I came to know Him Jesus. The minute when they hear those stories personally. He became a reality to me. Since their faces light up. They say: "Do you mean then I have had many trials, and I have made fail- to tell us that we women can have a place outside ure very often, but every time his Spirit has en- of our own homes, too? Do you mean to say that couraged me to move forward, His love is behind a woman can be a person, as well as a man ?" me and within me to overcome the difficulties, and Those who have experienced it can understand His peace is with me all the time. it; nobody else can. Also we teach them to read After I had this wonderful experience I could and write the Korean alphabet, because 90 out of not keep it to myself. It is a duty and a privilege every 100 women in these villages. are illiterate. to tell my fellow women some of the· experiences Then we teach them how .to earn and save some I have had so that they may know the same Christ, money. Oh, it enlightens them very, very much! and that they too may have this abundant Life. We women have been the producers as well as the Thus far the status of our women has been one men, but somehow we did not see the cash. Cash emphasizing maternal duty and feminine virtue. has been handled by the men. So we organized This was interpreted to mean absolute obedience the Cooperative Consumers Societies. Each mem- to men, contentment in an ignorant and very re- ber pays a certain amount every month, and out stricted life, and devotion to the point of self- of this fund we buy soap, petroleum, cooking oil abandonment in the service of the husband's fam- and other things at a wholesale price and sell to ily. As a mother, a woman respected her parents- the members at retail prices. At the end of the in-law and her husband and worshipped his an- year we divide the profits instead of giving the cestors. As a wife, she raised the children and profit to the middle man. Through the Coopera- disciplined them. tive Credit Society, each member saves between Every time when I come to America, nothing in- 15 and 30 cents a month. We also loan money to terests me more than to see the kindness and the members at a very low interest rate, for produc- courtesies that men show to women at home and tive purposes only, such as growing beaon sprouts in public. Having come from a country where and making bean curds and raising chickens. .

everything is centered around the man, it is a new Now, we get hold of some cash in our hands.

world to me. I don't know how you feel about it, We come to have confidence in ourselves econom- but I am sure the elevated place of Western wom- ically and we feel almost that we can get along en is due to Christ for He showed the real value without men I We also have this cooperative spirit of women as other religions never did. which we never had known before:

A KOREAN WOMAN'S STORY

Besides these village classes we have a Folk see the value of a study of the life and the teach- School for the farmers' wives. When I was going ings of Jesus Christ. Members of my group were back home from America I stopped at Denmark full of questions and keen to test the things out and visited some of their folk high schools. Those for themselves. They said, "We won't be satisschools impressed me so much that soon after my fied with talking only, we must put into practice arrival home I wrote a book on the Danish Folk what we learn." We decided to gather some High Schools, and while writing it, I kept think- money, and the individual contributions amounted ing how my people could get the similar spirit by to $100. We gave one-third to a poor farmer to which Denmark was revived. Of course the first buy a cow and two-thirds to a very young promstep was to try it. We rented the building where ising man to start a little business. This is what the Y. M. C. A. had had a Folk School for I have been doing for the last four years. farmers. We selected different women from the villages far and near; we lived together for three Five years ago, while I was traveling in Engweeks; we cooked the rice twice a day, drew water land I got lost one day going to the Swanick Conout of a· well 36 feet deep, cleaned the rooms and ference. I started early in the morning during swept the yard and had a grand time together. the Easter vacation and in the crowds I missed Instead of trying to teach them subjects, we tried the first train and got on the wrong train. To to help them catch the spirit, so that they could reach my destination I changed from train to boat live and work courageously and joyously under and boat to train and train to boat and boat to hard circuJpstances. It worked well. tube and tube to train-fourteen times. Finally I arrived at the end of the line at midnight and Now, I am going to speak of another phase of expected someone to meet me; but -nobody apmy work. I have been helping my church through peared. a choir. The church was in a poor condition. It was located in the most congested section of the I was a foreigner, a woman, all alone with two city and the people were too poor to give toward suitcases and two miles from the conference the upkeep of the building. The first job of the grounds. I did not know the road and there was choir was to clean and beautify the church, so we no way of reaching there except to walk. All I had a regular cleaning party. Seventeen young could think of was the lost sheep! The ninetymen and women scrubbed the floor, painted the nine were in the fold at Swanick but I was the one walls and stopped the leaks, and put up some beau- sheep wandering in the wilderness. All I could do tiful pictures. After that we could sing much was to pray: "Well, God, you must show me the better! Every Saturday evening, this group of way to get there or else I will have to spend the young men and women came together and prac- night here." ticed for Sunday morning services. Sometimes we gave concerts in that church and sometimes The bus driver put his bus away and saw me we broadcasted over the only radio in Korea, standing beside the road alone with two suitcases. JOBK. He came to me and asked where I was going. Then he kindly offered to walk with me. He had Besides this choir, I have had a large young one of my suitcases and I had the other. We were people's Bible class. Do you know that our young going through the mountainous road without expeople today face the most difficult things in our changing a word for half an hour. Here, I lives? I am going to give just one illustration. thought, I am following a strange man in a The pursuit of education is the most difficult thing. strange land in the dark of night. Whether I For instance, last year all the high schools for the liked it or not I had to follow him, and I was girls in Korea were choosing only 1,700 girls, and afraid. Finally I saw a faint light up the mounthere were 4,500 applications. That isn't so bad tain; someone was moving toward us. As I saw as with the boys, for in one of our Christian high the light moving nearer and nearer I was so happy schools for boys, where they had 1,000 applicants, that I hurried my steps. Finally we met and I they were choosing only 250. In some vocational found the lightbearer was my friend, who had schools, only one out of every sixteen applicants come down to find me in the dark night. I was so can be admitted. overjoyed that I just shouted. That was one of the happiest moments of my life. They reduce the numbers by means of entrance examinations even for the first grade in the gram- His lamp am I, mar school. In our city there were 6,000 appli- To shine where He shall say; cants for the first grade in the grammar school And lamps are not for sunny rooms, where they were choosing only 4,000, and so they Nor for the light of day; must choose the pupils by entrance examinations, But for dark places of the earth, just because there are not enough institutions. Where shame and wrong and crime have birth, Or where the lamp of faith grows dim, In the midst of such serious problems you can And souls are groping after Him. So may I shine, his love the flame, That men may glorify his name.

and Motion

By SAMUEL KING GAM IN THE past the problems confronting foreign Japan? The Payne Fund Inquiry on motion pic- missionaries were, more or less, problems tures in the United States showed that at least 75 created by the attitude of the natives them- per cent of the pictures concern sex and crime. selves. What worried the missionaries most were Thus the East sees America, revealed by the anti-Christian sentiments in foreign lands, espe- movies, as a nation of sex promiscuity, vice and cially in the Far East, where missionaries were crime.

looked upon as forerunners of imperialism. But Americans generally may not be disturbed by toda~ the story is different. The anti-Chris,tian the fact that the distorted pictures do not repre- movement in China, Japan, India or Korea, to a sent the "real American life." Unfortunately such great extent, has been suspended. Foreign mis- cannot be understood or imagined by the Orientals sionaries are no longer afraid of antagonism in since the majority of them have never been in spreading the Gospel of Christ. In fact, Chris- America or had any contacts with American cul- tianity is accepted and appreciated more and more ture. For them, the motion picture is perhaps the by the natives today. cheapest way, and oftentimes the only way, to However, there are new problems created as gain some education about American .life; when the old ones have died down. Strange as it may the types of American life they see are marked seem, most of the modern problems faced by mis- by killing, gambling, drinking, murdering, black- sionaries are those issues which are originated, mailing, and making love, such things are consid- not by the natives, but by the Westerners through ered "typical" and "real."

whom the missionaries were sent. One of the Many of the pictures shown in the Orient are greatest handicaps to mission activities today is not produced by the best American companies but the factor of motion pictures, the seriousness of are inferior works of art which have not succeeded which is seldom realized by Christians of the West. in America and have therefore been exported to The missionaries go to the Far East to preach China, Japan or India. These countries pay only the Gospel of Christ which brings purity, good the lowest rentals and hence cannot expect much will and peace; whereas the influence of most except the cheapest and silliest stuff.

motion pictures in Asia is to spread violence, Most missionaries agree that American movie>; crime and vice. The motion pictures are popular are the great stumblingblocks hindering the ad- with the natives and it is not an exaggeration to vancement of the Kingdom of God. The follow- say that foreign movies, within a few years in the ing statements by a missionary will perhaps give Far East, have done more to modify the ideas and a typical example: conduct of the Orientals than missionaries have Several weeks ago some of my boys invited me to go done through the past century. with them to the first talking film to come to the city. In In China, for example, there are more than 700 all innocence I went, and from first to last I was ashamed for America. The picture was the "Hollywood Revue," foreign pictures imported annually, of which about and it seemed to me the distributors had purposely cut out 90 per cent are products of Hollywood. Though all but the dirtiest parts. . . . When the climax came in the Chinese have their own productions, the Chi- the shape of a lewd dance of an almost nude woman I nese pictures compare with those of America. As could endure it no longer and left the theater. I explained one youngster remarked: "Our (Chinese) pic- to them that the "Hollywood Revue" was not America, but they only laughed. I may yet be able to make up for tures are too dried; no kissing, no embracing and that three hours of Hollywood filth but, in the name of all no killing. I like American pictures because they that is clean and pure, why does America send its worst have plenty of excitement." That, perhaps, an- to these countries!

swers the question. The American producers are American movies are counteracting the work of smart enough to have the dialogue translated into Christian missionaries in the East. Most Chinese Chinese or Japanese in order that the people may no longer feel antagonistic toward Christianity, know what the picture is about. Thus Oriental and they are inquiring whether or not the Chris- youth have become very familiar with the prin- tian life is practicable and useful. The pictures cipal Hollywood stars. they see do not show Christians in America, or The writer has been surprised to learn from anything like true Christian conduct. If the Gos- Chinese newspapers that the same pictures being pel of Jesus Christ is going to win its place among shown in America were at the same time adver- foreign peoples, especially the Orientals, a reform tised in China. But, we may ask, what do the of motion pictures in the Western world is greatly Americans see since it is the same in China or needed.

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England a Home· Mission

By the REV. ROBERT WATSON, Boston, Massachusetts Secretary of the Lord's Day League of New England V ERY few outside of New England think of The Baptists with 1,134 churches and a mem- it as a mission field – a field where the need bership of 199,892 increased 6% in that time. is greater than can be met by the local The Presbyterians with only 55 churches and churches. Surely this territory is well covered a membership of 15,462 made the second largest with old and well established churches adequate increase, 480/0 in twenty years. None of these for the demands of every community! In recent Presbyterian churches is competing with others.

years we have heard much about over-churched The United Presbyterians with 23 churches and communities, and a definite effort has been made a membership of 4,807 increased 24% in the same to federate, unite or eliminate churches in towns period.

and villages where one or more could, so far as Here let us consider another phase of this ques- numbers are concerned, provide for all the people. tion, which has evidently not yet been fully con- The Home Missions Council, in conjunction sidered by the Home Missions Council. All must with the national Boards of six outstanding de- rejoice in the friendly cooperation of Evangelical nominations, has agreed that no mission money churches genuinely seeking to secure for each shall be contributed by anyone of these Boards community full Gospel privileges. But does the church upon which is placed the full responsibility where there are more Protestant churches than for a particular community, under the present the size of the community demands. The fine plan, adequately minister to the spiritual needs of spirit of cooperation shown in this matter is most the people? Unless the church has a conscientious encouraging. It is interesting to learn that Christian minister, devoted to the spiritual welthroughout New England it was discovered that fare of the community, in the name of Christ and the number of over-churched places where mission faithfully sheperding the flock, without the stimmoney was being contributed, was almost a minus ulus of competition, the last state of that place quantity. Rural and small towns in Maine, New and people will be worse than the first. Yes, it Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island takes a great deal of time and care to secure a and Connecticut totaled less than twenty actual satisfactory answer to the above query. The incases. In the large towns and cities, the story vestigation should be entered upon promptly and may be somewhat different. Naturally coopera- conducted faithfully without fear or favor, for it tion must set free considerable sums of money to has been already agreed unto by many godly men be used in needy missionary fields. Does this in- that the spiritual life of New England has in reclude places in New England, or is it all'sent to cent years steadily declined. Perhaps no group other states? Some denominations are using has emphasized this more than our Unitarian large sums of mission funds to care for neglected brethren. fields in New England. Are these covering the entire need, or is there call for more? For at least twenty years now it has been af- firmed that more should be done in missionary The Episcopalians in New England reported effort throughout New England. Within the past 727 churches with a membership of 318,706 in seven years, a question was raised at an interde- 1934. This is the only Protestant denomination nominational conference by men from other parts in this territory which is making anything like a of the nation. A clergyman from New York satisfactory growth; it advanced 1500/0 in twenty turned to his neighbor on the right, an outstandyears. ing pastor in a strong denomination, not Presby- terian, and inquired-"What denomination do you The Congregational-Christian group, with 1,487 think can best meet the critical needs of this time churches and a membership of 342,712, made a in New England?" The reply was immediate- "The Presbyterian." The questioner replied: "I 22 % gain in the same period.

The Methodists with 1,162 churches and a mem- bership of 212,357 also gained 22 % in the twenty am greatly surprised to hear that. Why do you years. make such a statement?"

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"Fior three reasons" was the answer; "first, In New Hampshire, the need is of a different because the Presbyterian church has an adequate character. While few places are without a church doctrinal basis; second, because it has stability or pastor, in many instances the people' are dis- through its polity; third, because it has the Evan- couraged and pastors are financially handicapped.

gelical fervor." Under the blessing of G~d the backing of the This is the sincere judgment of one man. How Mission Boards with money and a modicum of supervision in the Spirit of Christ should speedily many would agree with him we do not know. At the present time the Presbyterian church is work wonders. one of the smallest bodies in New England, due In Vermont, the same need exists to quicken and strengthen churches, and there are from 40 to the fact that, many years ago, when the doc- to 50 towns where there is a real dearth. One trinal standards were the same, an agreement to small town of about 60 families, visited recently avoid overlapping was made with the Congrega- by a minister and his wife, has a church building tionalists. At that time a number of Presby- owned by the people. Every home was visited terian churches were turned over to the Congre- and considerable interest was manifested. A gational group. A union of United Presbyterian Sunday evening service has been started with an and Presbyterian U. S. A. congregations, scattered throughout this area, is very desirable today, attendance of about 40; a group of women was irrespective of any plan for a national union of organized, and they have arranged a week-day these two bodies. Such a union would mean a meeting when a strong speaker from the state great gain in the understanding of strangers, a capital will bring a message to the men. A Junior conserving of money for advance work, and a far Christian Endeavor Society, with a capable wom- an superintendent, of 21 children, from 7 to 14 more effective Church of Christ. is already functioning, and at least 30 young peo- Ninety-three Towns Without Churches ple are asking to be organized into a Christian In the summer of 1933, the American Tract Endeavor Society. Multiply that in 50 commu- Society sent an ordained minister into Maine for nities in Vermont, and what would it mean to the three months, to distribute Christian literature, future of that state, to the life of our nation and sell books, conduct religious services, and secure to the Church of Christ? definite information about religious conditions. He found many places entirely without religious In Massachusetts, the great need is to reach the services. One field, with a church property which foreign-speaking peoples in large manufacturing had cost $60,000, gave him a call which he ac- centres. This should be done by encouraging and cepted (although without any guarantee as to equipping the organized churches so that the people salary). Since then new members have been can seriously undertake that task. But Protestant added, and the cause of Christ has made speedy churches are combining, or in a few cases, are goprogress, although great financial sacrifice is nec- ing out of existence. The Roman Catholic Church essary to carryon the work. This pastor recently seems alive to the opportunities, for it is expandreported that 93 towns in Maine are without ing steadily. In Boston, within the past few church services, and 131 towns are inadequately months, they have bought a beautiful Protestant church, erected at a cost of $750,000 less than churched. He says: "Any denomination with vis- ten years ago. In that neighborhood there is a ion enough to expend $5,000.00 could open 15 real o~portunity for an Evangelical church, and churches in one year, and man those churches so such a work could have been undertaken in 1934 that, with help from the people, the work would had a few extra thousand dollars been available.

go on." In Rhode Island there are sections so crowded Another pastor writes that great benefit would with unreached foreign-speaking people that the result from an expenditure of $5,000.00 a year for English-speaking congregations cannot long con- several years to make it possible to send a group tinue unless they combine into larger parishes, of able consecrated, Evangelical students into the with an adequate staff to seriously undertake the state for 15 weeks of the summer, to teach and task of evangelizing and educating those es- preach, organize Sunday schools and revive dead tranged from every church. Several colporteurs, churches. During the winter two or three men a Sunday school missionary, and a pastor evan- could continue the work, and by the next spring gelist could work wonders under God in this small several fields would be ready to seek stated sup- compact state. In addition, a small fund would plies or pastors. In this way, in a period of about prove of great value to tide over a hard year or 10 years, a large number of these neglected fields aid in making necessary repairs to struggling would be permanently supplied with church churches.

privileges. In Connecticut, we think of well organized com-

THE NEED FOR MORE FAITH

munities ministered to by faithful pastors and ca- enced teacher and expounder of the Word of God, pable preachers. Yet one well-known pastor in and marvelous results would follow. that state affirms that with a few thousand dollars a year for ten years, there could be added to his Yes, New England is a home mission field todenomination, one active Evangelical church per day, and to meet the imperative needs require year. If we could place a wooing evangelist, with men and money. Men are available and a few fara song leader, in Connecticut for a few years, he sighted Christians could supply the money do it could do more than any other type of missionary. without much sacrifice. The result promises to be Add to his work, a strong, sound, sensible, experi- an hundredfold in this life and in the world to come, life everlasting, to an increased multitude.

The Need for More Faith* By ROLAND ALLEN Author of "Missionary Methods-St. Paul's or Ours," etc.

OUR Missions to non-Christians are rooted But when we look at the facts the non-Christian and grounded in faith in God and in the missionaries appear to have a stronger faith in power of the Gospel of Christ. Could men the power of their truth than the Christian. The conceivably go abroad to preach a Gospel which first Buddhists to preach in China certainly had a they did not believe to be Good News for them- great faith in the doctrine which they taught. selves, which they did not believe to be Good News They were so persuaded that their doctrine and for those to whom they went? Do not our mis- the rites in which it was expressed were so good sionary histories and biographies proclaim on that those who received them would not only hold every page the power of faith to move mountains them but pass them on to others. From the very of prejudice and difficulty? Is not faith in our beginning the monasteries were ruled by Chinese, Lord Jesus Christ the very foundation of all mis- the rites were performed by Chinese, the doctrine sionary activity? If that faith were removed was taught by Chinese. There was no attempt would not missionary work fall as a factory chim- made to provide them with support, or directIOn, ney falls when its base has been undermined? from any outside source. The doctrine stood And yet modern missions present a very strange simply in the faith of those who received it. Budappearance when we look at them as illustrations dhism was persecuted, was encouraged, was conof faith in Christ. demned; it flourished, it degenerated; but it never ceased to be Buddhism. It won to its allegiance All religious missions are rooted in some form millions of Chinese, and it remains today strongly of faith, not only Christian missions. Every hon- entrenched in the minds of millions as the true est man who seeks to impart a religious truth to way of salvation. The same is true of Islam: others does' so because he is convinced that he has found a truth which enlightens life for him and Whatever we may think of Islam, or of Budwill enlighten life for others. Christian missions dhism, as religious systems we cannot but respect do not differ from other religious missions in that, that confidence in the power of a religious system but in the nature of the religious truth imparted. to establish itself without any external assistance, even in the face of derision or of persecution. The truth which Christian missions propagate is Truth embodied in the Person of Jesus Christ, Do Christian missionaries so believe the docand implanted by the 'indwelling of the Holy trine which they preach that they entrust the doc- Spirit. Christian missionaries preach not an ab- trine and the rites to others? Do our missionaries stract and disputable truth, but a Person, and entrust the doctrine and the rites of the Christian union with a Person, not the mere acceptance of a faith to raw converts, in the simple faith that the doctrine. Christ is more than a theory of reli- Gospel can stand in its own strength? All our gion, and the Holy Spirit is more than mere ac- subsidiary methods, our institutions, our medical ceptance of a doctrine. missions, our educational missions, our industrial missions, our training schools, our colleges, our Such being the difference between the two types alliances with governments, our careful retention of missions, it would seem natural to expect that of the rites of Baptism and the Lord's Supper in the Christians should show a far greater and our own hands or in the hands of men specially deeper and stronger faith in the power of the trained by us, our eagerness to train leaders, our Truth which they preach than the non-Christians. efforts to maintain our control, our terror of de- generation or corruption, all cry aloud that, what- • Condensed from World Dominion, London and New York.

ever we may trust, we do not trust in the power initiative, or uncivilized, or backward; or that of the Gospel to win its own way and to triumph their moral standards are low and that we must by its own inherent force. Now the power of the see to it that they are raised before we can trust Gospel is the Holy Spirit, and the Truth of the them. All these may be true but such arguments Gospel is Christ. admit the fact that we dare not entrust the doc- trine and rites of the Gospel to others. They all If we cannot go to any people with a Gospel keep our eyes fixed on men. But what we are which is sufficient for them and can be wholly en- considering is our faith, not in men, but in Christ, trusted to them, then we must train converts for and in the power of the Holy Spirit. Do we bea distant day when it may be possible to entrust lieve that our Gospel is so powerful that it can of them with the Gospel of Christ. We are always itself raise a fallen race? These arguments sugwaiting and expecting that day, but it does not gest that we are fit to be entrusted with the Goscome. Why not? Because we fear corruption pel, and that when others are as we are they will and degeneration. When we talk of a future day be fit. It is manifestly untrue. Weare not enwhen we shall be able to trust our converts in trusted with the Gospel because we are righteous, non-Christian lands, we are looking at them. and have attained some standard of intelligence and morality, but because God has had mercy on If we go with a Gospel whose doctrine and rites us. Not for our righteousness, but according to we cannot trust to the people, obviously we must His lovingkindness, He has chosen us; and we establish our missions on a more or less permanent stand by faith in Him. We go as missionaries bebasis. Then we must be able legally to hold them, cause we believe in Christ and the Holy Spirit, and dependence upon the goodwill of governments not because we believe in men. follows with all its encumbering forms. We must direct and supervise any advance. So long as the We proclaim that our doctrine is Christ, and period of our tutelage lasts, all advance must be we proclaim our belief in the Holy Spirit; but restricted by our capacity to supply training, and why do we not dare to act upon the belief that trained teachers. Christ will keep His own, that the Holy Spirit is as powerful to teach His own? Why do every- The reason is apparent-we do not believe that thing as though we were afraid of entrusting the the doctrine which we preach and the rites' which Gospel to others, and as if, without paid preachers, we practice as Christians are so good and power- and medical, educational, and industrial missions ful that anyone who accepts them ,can hold and to support it, it could make no progress. The practice them without our supervision, in spite of truth is that Christ can only be revealed in His the knowledge that it is Christ Whom we preach true grace and power when we trust Him. That and the Holy Spirit Who inspires. kind of faith is true faith. And it is of vital im- portance that we should accept it and practice it. We give many reasons which seem to us to justify our conduct, as for instance, that the people with whom we deal are ignorant, or lacking in Faiths Men Profess* The twelve faiths now operative in the world .the remainder are limited by racial and national are Christianity, Confucianism, Islam, Hinduism, boundaries. These faiths have not been static for Primitivism, Buddhism, Taoism, Shintoism, Juda- changes have continually taken place. ism, Janism, and Parsiism or Zoroastrianism. No reliable statistics are available as to the number One cannot read of these twelve religions withof adherents of these various faiths. An estimate out being impressed with the moral insight shown made in 1933 puts the number of Christians at in the better of the non~Christian faiths. These 625 million, two and a half times the followers truths are the explanation of the survival value of the next faith which is Confucianism. Islam of these religions. In spite of the large weight of is placed third with 235 million, Hinduism fol- superstition and error, which the non-Christian lows closely with 220 million, then comes Prim- faiths carry, and in spite of the decimating influitivism with 160 and Buddhism with 140 million. ence of modern knowledge upon superstitions, In the remaining group of six, is Taoism with they are still living and likely to do so for some 40 million and the smallest is Parsiism with time to-come. Truth is hard to kill even though 100,000. mixed with error…. Putting the other religions alongside Christ serves to emphasize the superi- The oldest of these religions, Primitivism, was ority of the Christian revelations and the comin existence before the days of recorded history. parative futility of an insight into moral truth Five of the twelve faiths are international, while unless there is back of it the spiritual energy which the Saviour of the world furnishes-So E. 1. • From an Editorial in The United Presbyterian."

Headhunters in Pagan

A Letter from RUSSELL W. ABEL, Kwato A Missionary of the New Guinea Evangelization Society THE most important happening in our work And as their parents thought it unseemly for "un- lately has been the developments at Duram, initiated" boys, not yet through their initiation our furthest outpost, 150 unconnected miles ceremonies, to be clothed even in a leaf, Davida west of Kwato. Davida and his wife (Papuan had quite a storm in a teacup over it. However Christian workers) have been established there from the beginning he has made it his policy to be for a year now, with two junior helpers. They firm. "That is what Taubada and Sinebada (Mr.

have had a hard time, living unwelcome in the and Mrs. Charles W. Abel) did," he affirms.

midst of people who really have grown tired of "They never gave way on account of Papuan ob- the novelty of a mission in jections." For any Papuan to their vicinity. However they be insisting upon discipline in can show definite results after This letter, written from his school, if only to the exa year of difficulty and self- Gaburgabuna, Eastern Papua, tent of a school regulation sacrifice. Two Duram men are on October 19, 1935, is from a and uniform, is remarkable.

really converted – not merely son of the founder of the Kwato Davida has made friends adherents, but cases of true Mission. Charles W. Abel, who with members of an inland change of heart. They have died in England in 1930, started head-hunting tribe-the Dore- burned their idols, fetishes work among the warlike canni- vaidas. This is a great acand charms, and broken with bals forty-five years ago. His complishment. Furthermore their old heathen life. How mission has now grown to be they invite us to go inland to easily these words are tapped an interdenominational work· visit them. A little while ago cyoonudnugctsepdirfito-rfiltlheed mmoissst iponaarrtiebsy. it seemed impoSSI.ble to know off on the typewriter, and yet The whole work is thoroughly how to open that door; and in what victory in human hearts, what realization of God and evangelical and practical. Pap- answer to prayer we have not courageous yielding to His uans are first evangelized and had to do anything about it. call, they represent! And then are trained to go out as The door has opened, and the what fears and prayers and self-supporting w 0 r k e r s to heathen are seeking the misfaith and constant teaching on evangelize others. The remark- sionaries!

Davida's part have gone into able results, such as are de- A Dorevaida chief and his the winning of these men. scribed here, show the power of wife heard about Christ and Now they are being trained as Christ to transform and guide the news spread inland – not "Christian soldiers," and must through Christian agents, but even the most primitive people.* live a new life in Duram. by heathen gossip. Finally it Pray for them. It is not going reached the hills, where mur- to be easy to be forever different from everyone der is the only passport to recognition, and a man else. The younger of them is at Kwato now, and is without social standing until he has procured a getting much help there. human head. The chief and his wife came down Davida writes to say the children in the new to the coast to see Davida and Eauvenibo (his school at Duram are "getting quite tame now, not wife) and to witness the new Christian living of wild like before." They have had a tussle over which they had heard. That must have been a cleanliness and clothing, but the children are get- responsibility for the Christians, yet Davida was ting "quite accustomed to the idea." The only quite gleeful about it. "It was great," he wrote; clothing he tries to impose upon his schoolboys is "we were able to show them how we lived."

the green leaf band, such as is worn by all Eastern Two searching questions crop up in my mind: Papuans in the Kwato district. But even this Would you or I invite anyone home to see an minimum is strongly objected to by Central Pap- example of Christian living"? Is our living of uan lads whose sole attire has been caked dirt. victorious and startling quality that it would ~New Guinea Evangelization Society has headquarters at provide news for the heathen? The early Chris- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. The president is Dr. Hugh R. Monro, tians gave an astonished world plenty to talk and the treasurer Is Walter McDougall.

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about. "These that have turned the world upside rack for me," she said. "I am trusting in a Cross. down are come hither also," said the Thessalonian That is enough for me. No need to torture pigs, heathen when they heard that Paul and Silas had my Saviour was tortured on a Cross." (Primitive arrived. (Acts 17: 6.) . people feel relieved of their anguish when they can inflict it on an animal. The pig somehow suf- * '" * fers for them. You may not understand this.) These are very ignorant people. The story of the At present there is a camp being held over in Cross must still have been quite new to the woman Buhutu Valley, among the so-called "bush" peo- I have quoted. ple. This has mostly been aimed at the strengthening of the Christian communities, composed of There was a heathen feast on a few miles away. primitive though very spiritually minded folk. All through that meeting, held in the light of camp These felt their need of a new vision and blessing. fires, we could hear tom-toms in the distance. Vil- At Leileiafa they met together and prayed spe- lages were all deserted on account of it, and some cially that God would send someone to encourage Christians had been drawn back into the vortex. them. Their prayer was answered and they were The church at Borowai will never be what Siaclearly guided that help was coming. They would siada and Leileiafa are until the believers there never dream of doubting this, and in simple obe- pay the same price, that of entire surrender to dience that one almost learns to take for granted God, a clean sweep of old cults, and no more among these "bush" Christians, they gathered "sunuma labui." from far and near. They were all ready and waiting when the camp vanguard appeared, without *** warning, over the hills from Suau. There is great progress being made in some This reminds me of an incident that happened parts of this country, especially at the Morobe three years ago, when Arthur Swinfield (our tech- goldfields, which now boast "the largest rerodrome nical and boatbuilding i;nstruetor) and I suddenly in the world." (I will not vouch for the veracity decided to cross that valley, and pick up a Kwato- of this.) It is the central depor.t of 40 rerodromes bound boat on the south coast. On the way we in different parts of the country. Their annual met people from Mt. Thomson, a long way inland, freightage by air is said to exceed that of the enwho came down to a certain range of hills that we tire rest of the world. Five years ago there was crossed, and were there to meet us. In blank merely a handful of prospectors in that district. amazement, I asked how they knew I was coming. Today, a district officer whom I met last week on They replied that they had had guidance that they his way back told me, there are between 3,000 would find us there, and so they had set off in and 4,000 white people there. Many of the native obedience, arriving there an hour before we did. population, recruited for labor, come in from the And their guidance was received before we our- bush, having never seen a white man before. The selves knew we were going! It takes inland most recent exploit of the famous Kukukuku tribe Papua to teach one what an utter novice in the was to murder six Roman Catholic missionaries. Christian life one is. Where there is gold to be found insurmount- The campers have had a great time at the two able difficulties melt before human ingenuity. Christian centres, Leileiafa and Siasiada, and are Whole towns spring up, conveyed by air over the now at Borowai, further west, where there has top of impenetrable ranges. Where is that deterbeen wholesale backsliding. Heathen ceremonies mination and spirit in Christian enterprise? have reclaimed one after another, or "sunuma There, alas, one sees caution, timidity, and often labui" as they call it; that is a "double faith," retrenchment. There is not much pioneering in holding on to a bit of the old as well as the new. 20th century Christianity. We cannot often boast That, however, can't be done. of being the first on the field nowadays. Weare outstripped .by commerce. The last time I was at Borowai, Christians from Leileiafa and Bombomtiti (aren't the bush names The German missionaries in New Guinea have marvelous!) had gone there to help the dwindling become air-minded and now fly to the. newly-discause. I attended a testimony meeting they ar- covered and thickly populated Mt. Hagen plateau. ranged, at which those who had an experience to They were followed by two Roman Catholic farelate testified with regard to the giving up of old thers, _who, by shooting a pig, antagonized the things, heathen feasts, etc. I shall never forget natives, and were both murdered as a result. This the earnest face of one woman who spoke, as she has created difficufties. The unevangelized areas told of her stand against a death feast for a of the world should be on all our consciences as brother and all it had cost her. "No pigs on the Christians.

Achievements in

-&(1 By REV. J. EARL MORELAND I President, Porto Alegre College, Porto Alegre, Brazil,. Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South .nA .T A RECENT meeting of Christian workers America, makes it easier to understand the con- in Brazil one of the outstanding Brazilian stant care given to educational institutions. leaders expressed an opinion which seemed Schools were generally organized in response to to epitomize the thinking of the group. Said he, a twofold need: the need of the people for in- "Evangelistic work in our churches is basic, so- struction, and the need of the Church for develop- cial service efforts are necessary and important, ing its own ministry and laity. Granbery Col- but through Christian education in our various lege, at Juiz de Fora, with its enrollment of nearly schools we are doing that which is of most abid- 700 students and its five well-organized depart- ing value to our people." ments, was first organized to meet this twofold This statement produced much serious thought. need. Like the McKenzie College in Sao Paulo, Many questions were raised and discussed, and Union College in South Brazil, and numerous their consideration helped to clarify the thinking other schools, its growth was slow in the early of the group. years, due to a lack of funds. Yet these schools "Why does Christian education make a contri- continued to grow and their academic standards bution of most permanent value to the total cause were invariably higher than those of the national of Christianity in South America?" schools. The teachers and administrators con- "In what way have our schools come to their ceived their Christian duty as including both per- present place of prominence in the educational life sonal evangelism and high scholastic standards.

of those countries?" Out of this twofold emphasis came their present "What is their distinctive contribution-to the contribution to church and country.

people and to the Christian cause?" The achievement of mission schools in training "What of the future?" leaders has been realized in three distinct fields: In order to understand the great opportunity in preparing its own ministers and workers; in presented to our Christian schools in Latin Amer- producing Christian leaders in education and in ica it is necessary to study the beginnings of the other professions; and in its direct, though not work. Most of the pioneers who laid the early decisive influence, upon thousands of students foundations of our work were educated, cultured who have come to places of responsibility in many men. Having enjoyed the best advantages which walks of life. the church could offer in its schools and colleges The national mi.nistryof Protestant churches in of that day, they were eager to extend similar South America is rapidly coming to be a well- advantages to the people to whom they were tak- trained ministry. The Methodist Church of ing the Good News. They believed in personal Brazil, in its last General Conference, voted al- evangelism and their first emphasis was always most unanimously to admit to its ministry only placed there. But evangelistic efforts were ac- those candidates who had completed the Ginasio companied by conservation. They early recog- (corresponding to our collegiate) course. The nized that no real success could be attained ex- Presbyterian Church has ever given first emphasis cept through Christian education. Strange as it to the training of its ministry, and it is therefore may seem to many in the home land, "Educational not surprising that, of all the Protestant churches evangelism" became an accomplished fact on the at work in South America today, it has the best mission fields long before that great slogan was prepared ministry. The Episcopal Church makes sounded so effectively in North America. The the same rigorous educational demands of its solid foundations of autonomous churches in more priests in Brazil which it demands at home. The than one country today:· are to be discovered in Congregational and other churches are also plac- educational evangelism, perhaps imperfectly in- ing an increasingly stronger emphasis upon the terpreted, yet none the less vigorously applied training of their religious leaders. The first ex- over a long period of years. planation, therefore, of the abiding influence of This initial interest upon the part of many of Protestant missions in South America is found in the founders of PrOtestani missions in South this emphasis upon a well prepared ministry.

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Without this emphasis, .our churches in thDse cumstances, as they come under this emphasis and neighboring Republics would never have advanced these Christian influences during their formative to their present position, but would still be in the years, cannot fail to be profoundly impressed- early primary stages of development. . far more than they can realize at the time. The The contribution of Christian schools in the results can .only be tabulated in terms of changed pr.oduction .of leaders in the intellectual, in the attitudes, positive personalities, transformed lives. scientific and political life of South America has One of the most conspicuous leaders in the New .only recently begun to receive adequate recogni- Brazil of today was asked recently why he was tion. This lack is perhaps traceable to tWD fac- willing to give so much of his time and effort tors: first, that for many years missiDn schools toward furthering the interests of the Protestant were few in number, and therefDre limited in schools. His reply was immediate and forceful: "quantity" of students and "output"; and second, "While I am not a member of a Protestant church and cannot accept many of your ideas, I simply our churches have fostered very few technical cannot shut my eyes to living values. In your scho.ols, with the result that due credit was not schools you are producing the kind of real men given to the basic educational foundations laid which Brazil needs today." in the earlier days. However that may be, it is true today that widespread rec.ognition is being Our Christian schools, though sadly handicap- given to Protestant schools and their contribution ped by lack of funds and equipment, are never- to national life, both direct and indirect, as a theless privileged to render basic service in build- stimulus to creative leadership. In Uruguay and ing for the New Day in South America-even in the Argentine, mention has been made repeatedly building the Kingdom of Our Lord and Master of certain .outstanding leaders who came up among our southern neighbors.

through the Christian schools. In Brazil, during the Constitutional Convention of 1933-34, some attenti.on was drawn to the fact that one of our WHAT PERU NEEDS Protestant sch.ools had nine of its graduates listed among the constituent legislators. At least two Evangelistic effort has been too local in some of these were counted among the smaller group parts, but in others it has been extensive to a de- of outstanding leaders of the Congress-and one gree of weakness. There has been too little in- of them became the Secretary of Agriculture in tensive work accompanying the widespread evan- the Cabinet of Dr. Getulio Vargas, the President gelism. In the zeal to occupy territory, to reach of Brazil. Still another drew extraordinary atten- regions beyond, the preparation of men capable ti.on from the entire nation as he focalized the of carrying on the work of the churches has been interest of the people up.on certain urgent moral almost neglected. Many of the congregations are and religious pr.oblems confronting them. Fur- weak in everything but fervor. They lack num- ther proof of our thesis might be cited in the fact bers, social influence, and the wealth of spiritual that three of the possibly half d.ozen greatest resource which an adequate knowledge of the grammarians and masters of Portuguese during Gospel should produce.

the past thirty years have been ordained ministers The urgent need of the missionary cause in of the Presbyterian Church-Drs. Erasmo Braga, Peru is a suitable training center for intensive Eduardo Carlos Pereira, and Othoniel Motta. The instruction in the truth, and deeper cultivation of last is still everywhere recognized as one .of the the spiritual life. This should provide opportuleading authorities in the P.ortuguese language nity, not only for Bible institute work for the today. training of pastors and other native Christian workers, but also for larger interdenominational Another contribution wDrthy of attention is that gatherings such as conventions for Bible instrucmade by Protestant schools in their constant em- tion and for the deepening of the spiritual life.- phasis upon Christian character as a necessary From "The West Coast Republics of South Amerbasis .of all educational devel.opment. This un- ica." ceasing emphasis upon Christian character is, we sincerely believe, of almost incalculable value as its impact is brought to bear upon the lives .of thousands of stUdents, year by year. Our Chris- A young missionary to Japan asked Dr. Kagawa tian teachers not only maintain that character what advice he had for him in beginning his work.

can and must be lived, but also that character can Kagawa's reply was significant: "Sit still. Amer- and must be taught. The two, .of course, are by ican missionaries are in such a hurry, running no means dissimilar, but rather are parts .of a here, there, everywhere in your cars. Take time total process. Hundreds, if not thousands, .of stu- to study and win one and teach him. Win a few; dents from widely diverse environment and cir- teach them and send them out to win others."

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I Effective Ways of Working 9 I, "rested Metlwds for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'I========–==—-=–="""""""~ MOiDERNIZING MISSION- the medium of the written or the this country inclusive of Ambas- ARY EDUCATION spoken word." Of course the sador Saito has been pronounced pictures must not be relied upon by the Japanese as the only pic- In this day when Christian to work magic in themselves. ture made by a foreign group standards are no longer observed They must have an adequate proand missionary motivations seem gram built up around them. that was entirely satisfactory to to have lost their old-time pull; Speed the day when this educa- the Japanese people. [The reels when even the authority of tional method will become so Christ's Great Commission is be- general that local film library rent at prices varying from $1.00 ing called in question, it is im- associations will develop. In the perative that we build up a more meantime attention is called to for a 16 mm. or $2.00 for a dynamic missionary education three organizations whose pic- 35 mm. reel upward, transportasituation. On that all denomina- tures may be used to supplement tion both ways being extra. The tions are in agreement. The in- those brought out by the differcreasing use of the Sunday ent denominations. Foundation has a good catalog; school; of schools of missions; but orders need to be given well of organizations within the The Religious Motion Picture church for men and boys, as well Foundation of 140 Nassau St., in advance of the date of use.] as women and girls; of age New York City, with a branch groupings and studied presenta- office at the Y. M. C. A. Motion International Educational Pictions, instead of hit-or-miss en- Picture Bureau, 19 S. La Salle tures, Inc., is a large corporation deavors; of the use of attractive St., Chicago, is operating for located at 40 Mt. Vernon St., promotional and educational ma- service, not profit. It supplies terial inclusive of that brought reels for the various depart- Boston, Mass., but with branch out by the Missionary Education ments of church activity as well offices in many centers, the order Movement – these are high po- as for children's story hours, at headquarters being relayed to tency points among evangelical special meetings, recrea,tional church folk. The tested and gatherings, benefits, etc. As an the branch nearest the customer. most useful literature and plans auxiliary it has available refer- It lists 2,000 films, 16 and 35 are continually stressed in this ence outlines, including back- Department, but at ,this season, ground material and suggestions mm., silent and sound on almost when schools of missions are in for the films, consultation and every imaginable subject. The full swing, we wish to reempha- advisory service and analysis of Film Handbook (catalog) is a size the value of good motion individual equipment needs. The pictures in all branches of mis- Foundation endeavors to bring de luxe work of art and costs 35 sionary education. out each year authoritative films cents. Exhibitors using the interpretative of the current Attention, Pastors! mission study books. For in- service are required to subscribe stance they have now series of once a year, the payment of the The Church has been slow to pictures on Latin America-one recognize these educational fa- on the geographical background, 35 cents entitling them to two cilities which bid fair to replace another on historical and eco- copies of this directory, the even the daily newspapers. Mo- nomic conditions and a third on tion pictures should not be used Mexico; a two-reel picture on right to borrow 400 free films just as a bait to lure an audience life in the Southern Appalachian and the use of the clearing house because they are "not merely a region ("Unto the Hills"); a show but are a vital medium of study on the activities of the service for the rental of films. expression in getting ideas over T. V. A., etc. The picture on In most cases exhibitors are rein a vivid way that, in many in- "Japan and Her Problems," il- quired to pay transportation stances, results in a much more lustrative of last year's foreign clear mutual understanding of a theme and prepared in coopera- costs both ways, the location of subject than is possible through tion with leading Japanese in the several shipping points min- imizing the expenses. The con- [95 ] dition of free films is not guar- anteed as is that of rental reels. Those not having projectors may obtain free advice as to the vari- ous makes, although the 1. E. P.

does not deal in them.

The Pan American Union, of Washington, D. C., has in addi- tion to a large variety of free or loan printed matter, posters and music concerning the countries it represents, a supply of mov- ing picture films and stereop-

ticon slides to be loaned rent free 6. In the worldwide confusion pre- Later the subject may be thrown on condition that the borrower vailing today Jesus stands before men open to the audience for a few pay express charges from and to greater than western civilization and minutes: but enlightenment is Washington and agree to have greater than the Christianity com- the objec.t and no vote to record the films exhibited only by ex- monly known and practiced. (A, 63; a decision is expected. In a dis- perienced operators. Write for D,3; U,7.) cussion outlined in the young their catalog. Most communities people's literature of the Dis- have access to loan or rental 7. A lack of interest in extending ciples of Christ, the following projectors of 16 or 35 mm. size. the Christian religion reflects a de- questions were assigned to all cline in the spiritual experience of the participants for pre v i 0 u s Discussion versus Didactics Church. (A,59; D,3; U,6.) thought and preparation: A survey of current study 8. Missionary work is less needed Why should young people be con- books and programs reveals the today than formerly. (A, 4; D, 63; cerned about building a new world? extent to which discussions, U,4.) questionnaires, platform "con- What is wrong with the present so- versations," true and false tests 9. Missionaries should preach the cial order? and the like have replaced the Gospel and leave to others the reform hand-out information in the plat- of political, social and economic con- What is the United Youth program? form monologues of papers and ditions. (A, 15; D,48; U, 11.) Who is back of it? What is it trying talks. It is the expression of a to do? new trend and attitude of mind 10. Missions should supply teachers and as a step forward in auto- of scientific agricultural methods and How can our group share in the brain-stimulation is good for the so help remove the abject poverty and program? What would it mean for individual. The interchange of misery of rural life. (A, 64; D, 2; our group? thought results in the cross- U,5.) fertilization of group thinking. What issues should we face if we Among the used – and –proved- 11. The Church at home should al- take part? good plans recently sent to this low the younger churches to express Department are the following: the Gospel through their own genius Needless to say the study and through forms suitable to their book, "Youth Building aNew An Inquiry into Missionary own racial heritage. (A. 59; D, 4; World," furnishes the basis, and Attitudes U,8.) all should be familiar with it. Then the leader explains to the The device was used at a union 12. The miSsionary enterprise is one company that while those at the missionary meeting at Mont- department of our church life and table lead off, everyone will be clair, N. J., in October. A sheet should be supported only by those given opportunity to express an of the test topics was submitted whose special interest it is. (A, 4; opinion later. For example: to each person present to be D,63; U,6.) Agnes speaks up from the panel marked and returned without saying it seems to her rather a signature. The instructions 13. The chief objectives of the mis- large order-letting young peo- read: sionary enterprise should be to con- ple take a hand in their own vert as many people as possible, rather problems, to which the leader re- After reading each statement than to develop and train leaders for plies that we simply have to through full y, register your the younger churches. (A, 10; D,52; build a new world because the opinion as follows: If you agree U,9.) one we now live in is in pretty check A; if you disagree, check much of a mess. Jack says that D; if you are uncertain, check 14. Lack of unity in the adminis- while thing:;J are not perfect, U. On the left hand margin ap- tration at home and in the field tends they are so much better than peared the capital letters A, D, to make the missionary enterprise in- they used to be that he thinks . and U for checking. effective. (A, 64; D,3; U,4.) we would better let well enough alone: and then the discussion 1. The religion of Jesus has unique 15. The missionary enterprise should is in full swing. A climax of values not possessed by any other re- be a partnership between older and proposed action may well be ligion. (All checked A.) younger churches on the basis of reached. equality in interest and control, even 2. Secularism, nationalism and com- though large financial help is supplied Fireside Forums munism, rather than the old religions, by the stronger. (A, 55; D, 20; are the chief opponents of Christianity U,5.) These are an outstanding fea- today. (52 checked A; 20, D.) ture of the Baptist promotional This inquiry provides an ex- program for the year, the object 3. For each race its own religion is cellent basis for discussion in being to provide each church best. (15, A; 48, D; 20, U.) any church or community group with an occasion for bringing its if the leader is capable of clar- entire constituency together in 4. Since American Christians have ifying conflicts and correcting homes for f e I low s hip and more than enough to keep them busy erroneous thinking. thoughtful discussion of local in placing their own house in order, and world problems,and for the they have no call to concern them- Panel Discussions consideration of the privileges selves with the social and religious and responsibilities of Christians needs of other people. (1, A; 68, D; These are becoming increas- in their church relationships. 4, U.) ingly popular, even for a pas- The new plan has the following tor's evening service to act as a 5. Christianity loses its influence lodestone to draw a congrega- and power by recognizing values in tion. A group of people, selected other religions. (A,10; D,57; U,6.) for their ability and clear vocal- ization and carefully prepared by previous study, assemble at the front and discuss a subject informally under the direction of a leader capable of giving its initial statement and an impetus by means of opening queries.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

technique to be developed by a where he was born, his occupation and Men and Women of Far special forum committee: what he would like to do if he changed his occupation. Horizons The division of the church into districts, following such natural bound- 2. Forty minutes for a Question- "There has come to me a volume of aries as will include in each district nairplane Flight. The leader gives to missionary articles which so thrilled ten homes (more or less) within easy each person a copy of a list of ques- me that f sincerely wish every misaccess of each other, and the selection tions about the cooperative program sionary worker and every worker with in each district of a home in which to of the denomination and one answer young people might place it in their hold a Fireside Forum. Designate to a question, the latter not to pass library for reference and help," this as the Forum Home. out of the hands of the holders. At a writes Mrs. Abram De Young, of given signal, the group enters on a Kalamazoo, Michigan. For each such division, (1) appoint thirty-minute quest for replies to all a hostess whose duty it will be to pre- the questions, each person working in- "The book is a series of articles pare for the meeting, introduce guests dependently and interviewing every compiled by Jesse R. Wilson, General upon their arrival, create a friendly other person in order to secure the Secretary of the Student Volunteer atmosphere among them, give careful right answers. At the end of this half Movement but written by missionaries attention to the ventilation and ar- hour the leader will call time and read and outstanding Christians the world range for someone to take the children the correct answers so that each one over, out of their own vast and varyinto a separate room and entertain may check his own replies or exchange ing experiences, revealing their enthem during the meeting; (2) select a with some one else for correction. thusiasm for and deep conviction conconvener who will be held responsible The person answering correctly the cerning their task, and also the great for securing the attendance of every largest number of queries wins the burden of longing in their hearts for family in his district, arranging for most points. Questions need not be the world as they have seen it. . . . the personal invitation of someone by answered in order. As I read I found myself impressed whom a less familiar family may be through every chapter with the wonbrought to the meeting, furnishing the 3. Ten minutes are next allotted to drous glory of the missionary enterhostess with a list of the telephone a "Look through the Churchscope." prise. numbers of her prospective guests so The leader makes a careful presentathat she may personally supplement tion of the local church program for "The book also makes us realize the other invitations, and send to the the year after distributing the copies how through missions there has come forum committee a list of all who at- of that program for reference. to us a greater appreciation of other tended the meeting; (3) secure a races, for it gives us pictures of their leader who will be responsible for con- 4. Ten minutes are then consumed people and of the consecrated souls ducting the meeting, helping the in the feature called "We Talk It among them who have been won for guests to get better acquainted and Over"-which is the open forum por- Christ and are now powers for Him carrying out the detailed plan as out- tion. Sample topics are such as these: among their own race . . . Most of lined by the church. In what ways could our church's all the book helps us to see the power methods of financing its work be im- of Christ over sin and darkness . . . Next, hostesses, conveners and lead- proved? To what extent should our ers are brought together in separate church cooperate with other churches "The articles may be used in formgroups and thoroughly coached. The in making our community more Chris- ing all types of pro~rams and for andate decided upon for the forum meet- tian? What are the channels through swering questions about missions and ing is publicized through church bul- which our church may seek to enlist even answering criticisms that are on letins, posters and newspaper pub- the active cooperation of every mem- the lips of some . . . The stories licity. Enlistment cards for signa- are wonderfully helpful for illustrature at the gatherings are secured and ber? tions in Sunday school as well' as misdistributed, together with copies of sionary meetings. Many of them can the pastor's program for the year, to 5. "We Enlist" is the climax of the be used effectively as impersonations the leaders: then the scene is set for program. The chairman leads the and others will lend themselves easily the forums. group in reading the church covenant to dramatizations." from copies distributed and the enlist- Each group is supposed to number ment card is considered quietly and Pastors might well incorpofrom 15 to 25 and the proposed pro- prayerfully. Each one is asked to sign rate much of this true-to-life magram of the meeting to consume about his card indicating the channels terial in a series of sermons inan hour and 40 minutes. Its divisions through which he is willing to serve terspersed and illustrated by the are: the church, and a prayer of dedication dramatizations and impersona- is offered while cards are still in the tions suggested by the reviewer. 1. Ten minutes for getting better hands of their signers. The cards are acquainted. Groups seated informally then collected and turned over to the Friendship Press, 150 Fifth Ave., in a circle, each person in turn rising pastor, after which the intensive task New York City. (Price 50 cents in and stating his name, where he lives, remains of holding the membership paper, $1.00 in cloth.) up to their high resolves.

THE CONVERSATION In the packet of leaflets, referred to in the foregoing, another form of discourse is featured entitled "The Hayrake Conversation." In the setting of a farmyard, where the farmer is attempting to repair his hayrake, a neighbor drops in and the two discuss the proposal to unite all the struggling churches of the community for better service. The dialogue furnishes a well-balanced presentation of the pros and cons.. the essential details of organic church union, church federation, the "Larger Parish Plan," pastoral unity, etc., are interwoven. At the coming community dinner soon to be held the matter will be brought to vote. Jake says: Everybody'll be there but old Deacon Peachcrab. Poor old fellow! he's just been an officer so long he can't bear to have other folks take over the reins. It's kind of funny. Four years ago the old man said there'd never be one church in this place. He would have got some officers from the other churches and started trouble against the idea, but it seems like it was all over before he knew it was happening. Just like this hayrake here-we got it all fixed bElfore we knew it. . . . Goodbye, Jim; see you Tuesday.

The packet containing the above and a variety of other material for young people may be obtained from the United Christian Missionary Society, 222 Downey Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK "WHEN WILT THOU SAVE THE PEOPLE?"

"Now when Jesus was born, . . . Wise-men from the east came to Jerusalem, say i n g, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? For we saw his star in the east, and are come to worship him. "Then Herod the king pri- vately called the Wise-men and learned exactly. . .. And being warned of God in a dream, Joseph, Mary and the child departed into their own country another way. . . . An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream saying, A rise and take the young child and his mother, and /lee Courtesy Art Ea;tension Press, Westp<>rt, Conn. into Egypt and be thou there until I tell thee: for Herod will "CHRI ST WITH CHILD R EN, " seek the young child to destroy drawn by an Austria n gi rl 15 years of a ge. From " Children 's Service of Worship," him. for u s e on the World Day of Prayer for MiSSions, Februa ry 28 , 1936.

"And he arose and took the what longing, yea what zeal, yea part of the children ·.of God.

young child and his mother by what avenging! In everything Throughout centuries men and night" and departed into exfle. ye approved yourselv es to be women have been conscious of And some nineteen hundred pure in the matter. the reasons for the hurried years later from "the land of the "So although I wrote unto you flight, and with grave concern free and the home of the brave" I wrote not for his cause' that have read of the slaughter of the another father is warned to de- did· the wrong, nor for his cause innocents by the civic authoripart at once with the mother and that suffered the wrong, but that ties. Let us not forget! your earnest care for us might child and celebrate the birth of be made manifest unto you in Will you personally do some- the sight of God." thing today and every day folthe Christ-child in exile. Be- lowing, to make life safe for the And the same pastor Paul, the little ones in America? Thus cause there is love in the family Apostle, wrote the church mem- shall we be true citizens of bers in Philippi (and they were Heaven and America, and show there will be peace in their very nice folk), "Finally breth- that we personally have some re- ren . . . if there be any virtue sponsibility for the sad event of hearts. But what about the . . . think on these things." the exile of the Lindbergh famhomeland folk? ily. Shall we now show godly The editor has received an- repentance? In a letter written to a com- nually within the last decade at Christmastide, five or six greet- Shall crime bring crime forever pany of Christians in Corinth, ing cards depicting the exile of Strength aiding still the strong?

Paul their pastor, wrote (2 Cor. the Holy Family. And in recent Is it thy will, 0 Father, years these cards appear as That man shall toil for wrong? 7: 10-12) : glorified pleasure jaunts instead "For godly sorrow worketh re- of the secret, hurried, and fear- "No," say thy mountains; "No," thy some journey made necessary by skies; pentance unto salvation which bringeth no regret: but the sor- the sin in human hearts, and the Man's clouded sun shall brightly rise, row of the world worketh death. greater sin of indifference on the And songs be heard instead of sighs; God save the people! "For behold, this self-same thing, that ye were made sorry -Ebenezer Elliott, 1781-1849. after a godly sort, what earnest care it wrought in you, yea what clearing of yourselves, what indignation, yea what fear, yea [98 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

ON FEBRUARY 28, 1936 scious of our responsibilities as Wellington, New Zealand, Christian citizens to mitigate so lying geographically just east of far as we can the hardships of sunrise on the International their toil.* Date Line will be among the very Amen. first Christians to meet for prayer and commitment to "On ACCEPTING RESPONSIearth peace, goodwill toward BILITY men." And on February 28, The following. prayer was 1936, the first Friday in Lent, Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, President made by an Indian girl at the in- of the Council of Women for stallation of the new officers. Home Missions, will be among May we put this same spirit into the worshipers in Wellington. From Shanghai, Mrs. Poling our prayers for our work, and sent the message which she had add a prayer for the Indian already prepared. She thought young people in the schools and that some of us at home would join with them in prayer, in on the reservations: "Let us the very words which she will pray: Our loving Father, we use. To do this, you should know thank Thee that Thou didst give that sunrise, February 28, in New Zealand, is approximately us Jesus Christ, who desires that Thursday noon, February 27, in New York City. Excerpt: every girl should have life abun- This year near Wellington, New Hirschel Rabinow dant. We thank Thee that in Zealand, in a mountain community at sunrise we are opening the World Day Oourtesy, New York Sunday Times this school Thou hast entrusted of Prayer of 1936. After a long trip through thirty countries, Dr. Poling to us girls some of thy work. and I realize as never before the great need of men to find oneness through "FOR THEIR SAKES" We thank Thee that the Spirit of Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace. Everywhere on this trip young people The little neglected boy, be- Jesus Christ can be with us and were eager to accept responsibility of friended by the dog, is a drawing with our Association, to help using some time each Monday as pre- by a 14-year-old boy, Hirschel bring life and light and joy and paratory for this day when all join Rabinow, as his contribution to the chance for service to every in prayer for peace on earth. the Hundred Neediest Cases girl, not only here but every Fund of the New York Times, In 1920, both in Canada and the and reprinted here by courtesy place in the world. And now, as United States, church women of many of same. It recalls to us our re- these new officers .and cabinet denominations united in a Day of sponsibility for all children. He members accept their responsi- Prayer for Missions. In 1935, in more may well be one of the two hun- bility, may they begin their new than fifty countries, Christians prayed dred thousand Migrant children duties by always looking to Thee and pledged themselves to the bearing whom the Council of Women for for help and guidance. Wilt of one another's burdens. . . . Home Missions is serving, or one Thou hear their solemn pledge, whom we should be serving with wilt Thou grant them a sense of Prayer: Our God, Father of us all, your help. Thy presence in their work towe come to Thee today with grateful gether. Bless us all, as memhearts for thy Son Jesus who came to Let us pray: bers of the Y. W. C. A., and help show and be the Way, Truth, and Life. us each. to do our part in making Forgive us, we pray, and give us an "Father of all mankind, we the Spirit of Jesus felt in this hunger and thirst for peace. Teach pause in the haste of our daily school. Amen." us to seek and labor for peace-peace lives to come with quietness into within ourselves and with Thee, in our homes, and for our land in relation to Thy presence. May Thy strength the peoples of the world. We thank and Thy spirit fill us and may WHAT DO'YOU PRAY FOR? Thee Our Father for the growing and deepening consciousness of the need the love which Thou hast for all "Prayers for Self and Sofor peace, and for the personal knowl- mankind flood our hearts. We ciety," Association Press, 15 edge of Him who brings peace on would at this time bring before cents a copy, was prepared by earth. Bless the mothers and children. Thee those men and women and Rev. James Myers, Industrial We do not ask 0 Lord a life all free young people who earn their Secretary, Federal Council of from pain. We do not seek to be in meager living by gathering from the Churches of Christ in Amerthis great world of need without our ica. It is being used both for load of care. For this we know, the the fields the food that shall feed present cross is our eternal gain and that they who struggle and endure us; who bear the heat of the shall at long last reach the Heavenly noonday sun, the long hours of private devotions and in public Kingdom. So Lord keep us fit within and give us strength and light and we labor, and the rush of the can- worship. will follow through the din from darkness up to light. This we ask in the nery service while we benefit name of Jesus, the Prince of Peace. Amen. from their toil. We are con- • By M. Katherine Bennett. scious, 0 Father, of their long- ing for permanent homes, of EDITOR'S NOTE.-All material for the ob- their unfulfilled hopes for their servance of the World Day of Prayer for children. Make us equally con- Missions, February 28, 1936, can be obtained at the above address.

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OUf W orld~wide Outlook i.,'1 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ] ~,-==========-======~E~D~I~TE~D==BY==M~R~S~.~H~EN==R~I~==~A~H~.~.~F~ER~G~U~S~O~N~,~X~E~N~IA~,~O~H~I~O==================_~~~ CHINA toward making a cure. . . . Selfish- The Music Committee in charge Free Education promoted a competition for Chi- The determined movement for ness is at the base of it all. . . . In nese-style hymn tunes to be used China we have placed so much em- for the purely Chinese hymns phasis on the family, perhaps it is not which are to be included in the necessary now to emphasize it so book. Some two thousand hymns were received but only fifty of free popular education in China much. But our conception of the fam- them were accepted. For about places Christian primary schools ily in the New Life MQvement is dif- half of these the committee had tentatively chosen tunes and the in a new situation, as they can- ferent from the past because we competition was held for the not compete with a s·tate system recognize the family as the basis of purpose of getting tunes for the the structure for civilization. . . . remaining twenty-five. Altoof free education. For the cur- gether eight hundred tunes from rent fiscal year the Chinese Gov- You can't change anything unless you all over China were received by change a man's character. It means the committee. ernment plans to spend for edu- teaching people to love others as you cation $37,211,621 (Chinese cur- love yourself. That is the heart Qf it -International Christian rency), of which 48 per cent is Press. all. . . . You have come to China be- cause you love the Chinese. Some- Famine Relief Program to go for free, mass education. times you have your discouraging Churches in many parts of moments; I admit I am discouraged China are cooperating with the Szechwan plans to spend $650,- at times. At such times I think upon China International Famine Re- 000 for this purpose. In Shang- . the life Qf Christ, how, against over- lief Commission in raising funds. About twenty schools and colhai, Chinese authorities have whelming odds, he still kept on. He leges in Shanghai have started didn't give up. And I think of the campaigns among their faculty started 900 three-months' free members and students to raise schools for illiterates, with free many missionaries coming to China- money for flood relief. Many tuition, books and stationery. It year after year-no appreciation, no business institutions, lodges and is hoped that in a year 500,000 thanks, not even the consent of the clubs are actively helping. On people among whQm they work-yet behalf of the Chinese Red Cross, Dr. C. T. Wang has turned over will acquire the rudiments of they keep dOg'goedly on. I believe that to Famine Relief $40,000 (Chieducation. In Hunan province it is this spirit of persistence and self- nese) , 12,000 suits of clothes and the plan to extend free education sacrifice which will eventually regen- 10,000 bags of flour. to school-age children is expected erate China. The relief program consists of to reach eighty per cent of them -West China Missionary three steps. (1) Emergency re- News. lief must be supplied to the flood in a year. victims in food, shelter and med- The Glory of the Bible ical supplies. (2) Labor relief This is a beginning of a free must be started on projects of reconstruction. (3) As condistate system of e d u cat ion, Dr. T. Z. Koo, well known and tions gradually return to normal, planned to spread over three a farm rehabilitation program highly esteemed Chinese Chris- must be introduced to help reperiods: from August, 1935, to tian, gives this estimate of the store the rural economy of the July, 1940, all school-age chil- Bible: "The glory of the Bible flooded districts. Temporary dren are to receive one year's schools will be started. It is free education; from August, to me is that it contains a record hoped that preventive measures 1940, to July, 1944, they are to of a life which has enabled me to can be undertaken to wipe out receive two years of such free see such teaching as 'Love your the causes of flood and famine. education; after August, 1944, enemies' put into practice. I all school-age children are to re- know many people hold many ceive four years of education free. -The Chinese Recorder. theories about the Bible, but all these pale into insignificance when one realizes the preemi- nent wonder that here is the rev- Madame Chiang on Missions elation of God Himself. Biblical Madame Chiang Kai-shek, ad- scholars are interested as to how dressing the missionary commu- this record has come to be, but nity at Chengtu during a visit to the man struggling with life, with her husband, said: the record itself is enough!' What we have found wrong with -China's Millions.

China is not with the Chinese people. New Chinese Hymns It has been with our leaders. Now, that is an unpalatable fact to admit A new Union Hymnal is being because we happen to be of the leaders prepared for the use of six of the of the country. To know what is wrong with a patient is the first step larger denominations in China.

[100 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Baptist Objective traordinary cases, and here are a interference has been placed in Southern Baptists plan to send few of them: the way of Christian propaganda out in 1936 at least seventy new A man came with a hole in his in Manchukuo, either by local or missionary recruits and replace- cheek through which his breath ments to China to be known as whistled. Awkward, he said, central authorities. On the con- "Shuck Memorial Missionaries." when he wanted to smoke. trary, both Japanese and Man- Another came with a nonpain- chukuo officials h a v e bee n The first Baptist missionary ful fibrous tumor filling his friendly. Between the Christian appointed to China was John mouth so that he could not close communities of the two races Lewis Shuck, a Virginian, who it. He had had his front teeth one of the chief difficulties is that went out in 1835. The story is removed to give it more room. of l'anguage. Nevertheless, a told that in a missionary meet-. Still another came in holding united prayer meeting attended ing of that early day a strong his head constantly with some- by pastors and other leaders, plea was made for contributions. times one hand, and sometimes both Chinese and Japanese, has The plates were passed and the both. I asked him to release it been held at intervals in Mukden.

contents counted: bank notes, and like a flash he was looking Dr. O'Neill says that in his silver, gold. "Here is a card. out over his left shoulder with own field there is a manifest rise Who put i.t in?" said one of the no power to bring his head in the spiritual tone of the collectors to the other. "A young straight again. Church, and a deepened attach- man back in the congregation." ment to the Bible. As to reli- The card was examined and gious liberty, he says: "Within there was found written on it the word "myself," and signed. This The Ohallenge of Manchuria the buildings, we are free to give was Shuck's offering – himself. His fields of labor were Macao An English missionary at religious instruction to all the and Hongkong. Chinese Bap- Chihfeng, Manchuria, says that tists are planning a centenary there are more heathen there to- pupils, Christian or non-Chriscelebration of the opening of this day than ever before. "Due to work in 1936, in cooperation the hard crust of prej udice, tian. Prior to the Japanese ocwith missionaries fro m the which is not easily broken United States. through, apathy still abounds. cupation, the problem of religion Temples are still filled with idols; -Watchman-Examiner. and theaters, instituted for in the schools was becoming in- thanking the god of rain for good harvest prospects, still draw creasingly difficult under the Chinese Government. Now the whole position has changed for the better. The Japanese lan- guage is required everywhere, up to the higher middle stand- great crowds of people. Un- ard. -China's Millions.

Borden Hospital, Lanchow named horrors continue to be JAPAN -OHOSEN Recently a point has been practiced in the name of reli- Temperance Advance made of asking patients for decisions in the services that are gion, and in accordance with Dr. E. C. Hennigar says: "The constantly being held in Borden number of bone-dry villages in Hospital, and there have been their superstitious beliefs, which Japan has reached twenty. Tomi some interesting ones, according Oka village in Miyagi prefecture to a report of the work in China's have held the poor people in an put the scheme to test for one Millions. One was of a Moslem year. So good were the results and another of a man whose eyes iron vise for centuries. Native that on September the first the have been operated on four times villagers voted to go dry for five without success, but his beaming believers are beginning to realize years. Nagoya village in Saga face proclaims that the eyes of completed its first period of three his heart are open. More prayer their responsibility to the un- years and has voted to extend has been concentrated on the the dry regime for another three hospital's religious activities. happy people around them, but years. This is a fishing village The response of the patients has and in spite of great poverty cheered the staff. A system of many are not free to come reg- used to spend yen 20,000 per follow-up cards has been intro- year on alcohol. Miho village in duced to keep in touch with pa- ularly to the meetings. No Sun- Na~ano completed three years tients at home. The hospital of a dry experiment on August cares for about 40 lepers. day dawns in this dark land, as 1st, and has extended the period for another five years. The vil- far as the interior is concerned, lagers have struck upon a novel way of improving the economic and the industrial classes are status of their village. Each family is to contribute at least hard at work seven days in the one sen per day, this money to be deposited in a bank at compound week from sunrise to sunset. interest for 100 years. At the "Some of the Christians are always ready to testify for their Lord in the open air whenever they are free. Inquirers are numerous, and many have been saved." -The Christian.

Another phase of medical Religious Freedom in Manchukuo work is the establishment of a branch Board of Hygiene and Public Health in Lanchow, with Dr. F. W. S. O'Neill, of the an efficient staff of seven doctors, Irish Presbyterian Church, has trained in various branches of been thirty-eight years in Man- churia. In The International Remedicine.

An ordinary day brings ex- view of Missions, he says that no

expiration of that time it is to be word to many villages and to creases were: Anglican, 11.2 per used to meet village expenses. A thousands of hearts and homes. cent; Presbyterian, 17; Meth- few old men opposed the exten- Letters have come and are still odist, 11.5; B apt i s t, 21.2; sion of the dry experiment, but coming; One from "Bright Light Church of Christ, 9; Roman the young people were enthusias- Town" reports: "What a dark Catholic, 1.3, while the Congre- tic for it, declaring that if the town we were before Jesus came gational Church lost 8.8.

dry regime were extended they with your college boys. We -The Christian Advocate.

would make every possible sacri- Christians c aug h t the fire.

fice for the village good." Hardened sinners heard the A Maori Choir -Presbyterian News. Word and are rejoicing in his A Methodist choir made up of twenty young Maori chiefs and No More Cuts salvation. Our town bids fair to be like its name. We are expect- chieftainesses from the New At the November monthly ing many from the surrounding Zealand aborigines has been atprayer meeting of C. M. S. mis- tracting attention in Australia sionaries in Tokyo, Rev. George villages that are in dense dark,· Herbert Moule, treasurer for on a concert tour. Two are dea- Japan, announced that all cuts ness to come to Christ. Please conesses and four are ministers. on work and salaries for all send the boys again next sum- In full Maori costume, they ap- C. M. S. missionaries in Japan pear, render a program of Maori and China would be restored mer." folk songs, thrilling hakas and from January 1, 1936. This came from up north: pageantry. The proceeds of the -The Living Church. "Our church was about to breathe its last when your col- tour go to Maori missions. lege boys came. The little spark -Christian Advocate.

was fanned and now 122 real Christians are regularly attend- Honor to Bishop McKim ing church services, Sunday Borneo Evangelical Mission school and Wednesday evening A few days before Bishop Mc- prayer meetings. You should The Field Secretary of this Kim left Tokyo he was given an hear them sing hymns at work mission writes in The Christian: ovation, perhaps the greatest in the harvest fields. We are all ever accorded any foreigner by bubbling over with the joy of the Our work is growing, both in numthe Japanese. On the campus of Lord and praise God that in the ber of workers and area occupied, but St. Paul's University, of which hot summer months your boys it is still quite pioneering in charhe was founder and chancellor, came with the Holy Spirit's acter; there are no roads, and all in the presence of Prince Iyesato power to our town. Please send traveling is by such primitive means Tokugawa, representatives of some of them to us in the Christ- as native dugouts, or by walking the institutions of the Nippon mas vacation to rejoice with us." through the jungle. After almost a Sei Kokwai, bishops of the I wish you could read all the let- hundred years of government control Church, deans and officers of the ters that came in the Korean the Ibans are still restless under re- University corporation, and the language. straint, and only the most rigid conentire assembled student and trol prevents the practice of headfaculty body, the retiring bishop GEORGE S. MCCUNE, hunting. We find that the only way bade farewell and godspeed to Presbyterian Missionary. to evangelize them is to live simple the Church and the corporate lives right among them. bodies he has presided over for AUSTRALIA AND THE the past 56 years. ISLANDS Another of our stations is among the Bisaiyahs, and here different When the Bishop sailed from Religion in Australia methods are used. We have a school Yokohama, there was a two-hour at the mission station which is showdemonstration at the pie r. Census figures from Australia ing' good results, and some translation Bishops, priests, workers, mis- afford an interesting comparison work is being done in their language, sionaries, men, women, children, between growth of population hitherto unwritten. A beginning has business men, government lead- and church membership. Be- also been made among the Kalabits, ers, came to see him off. Some tween 1921 and 1933 the popula- another wilder tribe much further inhad come as far as 800 miles, tion of Victoria increased by land. Until a few years ag'o this tribe and everyone of the ten dioceses 18.8 per cent. The denomina- was quite self-contained; they smelted of the Japanese Church was rep- tional percentage gains for the their own iron for making' swords and resented. same period were: Anglicans, 4 ; spears, and recovered salt from nat- Presbyterians, 7.6; Methodist, ural suring'S, while they hunted game -The Living Church. 5; Church of Christ, 18; the with blowpipes and poisoned arrows.

Roman Catholic Church showed -The Christian. a small decrease and the Baptist and Congregational Churches A Tongan Choir Contest losses respectively of 2.7 and 21 per. cent. New South Wales When the Governor-General of New Zealand visited Tonga a showed population inc rea s e "A Dark Town Before (1921 -1933), 23.8 per cent. few years ago, he was so de- Jesus Came" lighted with Tongan singing that There the denominational in- During vacation last summer he gave a silver cup for a co.ncollege preaching bands had many victories far south and up test. Thirty-seven choirs to.o.k north. Fifty-two summer Bible part, presenting two. hymns and schools brought Jesus and His two. anthems. The cho.irs were divided into. gro.ups to. sing o.n five nights, and nearly 5,000 peo.-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pIe heard the choirs praising meetings; by a' greater earnest- we found an abnormal perce9,t., God in song. ness about Christian faith and age attributable to overindul:. life; by improved leadership for gence in alcoholic beverages by A choir competition was held, student groups, both in quality auto operators both young. and and 1935 completed fifty years of personnel and in time and in- old. I regard the greatest enemy since the Tongan Church bfoke terest given by the leaders to the to the safety of highway traffic away from the parent Church in work. to be the auto driver who oper- Australia. At the recent jubilee ates while in the glow of cock..; celebration of the Methodist Methodist Union Plan tails and other strong drinks."!;'", Church a massed .choir of 1,500 voices san g the Hallelujah Details of a plan to bring -United Presbyterian. Chorus. 8,000,000 American Methodists together into a united church Books for the Blind -The Missionary Review after more than 100 years of of Australasia. separation have been made pub- Next year the American Tract· lic by Dr. H. E. Woolever. A Society will begin a new century Union Work in the Philippines judicial council is to be formed, of service for the blind. The with power to rule on the consti- Society has appropriated $1,000 The United Evangelical Church tutionality of church conference for printing the Pilgrim's Progof the Philippines which was actions. It also provides for the ress in raised letters in 1936. formed in 1929 by the union of administration of the merged They have already recorded this the Congregational, U nit e d church through a general con- as a "talking book" for the blind. Brethren and Presbyterian de- ference, meeting every four Twenty-five sets of records costnominations, has 39,266 church years, and jurisdictional confer- ing $12.00 per set were sent as members, was 126 ordained pas- ences which divide the member- Christmas presents to various tors and 165 other workers. The ship in the United States into institutions for the blind. A ruling body is a Church Council six areas and the work outside special fund was raised by the made up of elders and presidents the United States into a series of Society for this worthy enterof the church organizations. The central conferences. prise, so that the blind can purwork has a national scope. Be- chase sets of these records at a sides the usual pastoral tasks, The "articles of religion" shall fraction of their original cost. home missionary work is carried be those historically held in on among the wild tribes in common by the ,three uniting The Belmont Plan northern Luzon, in southern churches. While the word "Epis- Mindanao and among the Moros. copal" will be dropped from the The Belmont Presbyterian title, the new church will be Church of Roanoke, Va., faced -Presbyterian Tribune. episcopal in government. this situation in 1933: A new church had been built in 1929 NORTH AMERICA Before the plan can go into when money was easy, costing effect it must be approved by the $30,000 and incurring a debt of Students and the Bible general conferences of the three $15,000. The membership was denominations. Two of these 352. The silk mill where many Chaplain Knox, of Columbia meet next May and the southern worked had been shut down for University, stated at St. Paul's church two years later. Then the six months. Debt accumulated Chapel: local c h u r c h e s must ratify on interest and running expenses through annual conferences. to $2,600 and there was no one It is very remarkable to see the in- from whom they could borrow. creased interest among students in the Drink and Insurance Defeatism was rife. The pastor Bible. One finds that there are those was tempted to leave. Then the who are eager to study it, who ask Frank G. Morris, President of thought came, why not try God's intelligent questions, who want to read the Standard Surety and Cas- way? One Sabbath morning the scholarly books which will help them ualty Company, has expressed pastor requested each of the in understanding its contents. Par- himself as follows: "One of the members of his congregation to ents who recognize their responsibility most momentous problems be- write on a slip of paper the seek to learn how knowledge of the fore casualty insurance execu- amount of their weekly income, Bible can ,be imparted in the right tives at this time emanates from but to leave the slip unsigned. way, and they stress the right way. the disastrous loss experienced He found the average weekly in- Educators more and more realize that under auto liability policies dur- come to be $18, a total income of an acquaintance with this "greatest ing the calendar year 1934, $2,160 for the congregation. If English classic" is essential, and are which amounts to little less than that amount were tithed the instituting courses wherein thorough a cataclysm. Our company, like church would get $216 a week, knowledge can be gained. These signs our contemporaries, was flooded and if put into operation in the point clearly to the way in which the with an avalanche of accident congregation for a period of Bible can be made once again "the reports involving many deaths three months all deficits could be people's book." and serious personal inj uries, in wiped out and all running ex- numbers far exceeding prior penses paid. Rev. John Maxwell Adams, years. In analyzing the causes general director of university religious work under the Presbyterian Board, believes that an awakening religious concern among stu den t s is shown through larger attendance of students and faculty at religious

Twenty-five of the 27 church The second anniversary of re- Hospital Work in Guatemala officers signed a covenant to tithe peal found the drive gaining their income and bring it into headway as far as Barrow, Dr. C. A. Ainslee writes inthe church for fifteen weeks. northernmost post of civilization terestingly in Guatemala News The pastor then visited the mem- in Alaska. During the past six of hospital and ambulance "out bers and sold the idea to 118 out months, nearly 700,000 gallons work" in that country. The amof 120 wage earners. On the first of beer, wine and hard liquors bulatory clinic was held at EI day, the offering leaped to $173, were consumed in Alaska, al- Rancho in July, when hundreds and then to $228; the largest though its population is only were treated and Gospel seed amount received on anyone day about 60,000. sown. Dr. Ainslee considers the was $450. The total amount for harvest of this kind of service the period was $2,626 as over -New York Times. possibly greater than that in against $600 for the same period hospital work. "The daily routhe year before. It resulted in LATIN AMERICA tine is a story of daily rounds, all the deficit being wiped out, listening to reports of the sick, all bills paid, and a happy peo- Mexico Fights Alcohol and checking them with those of ple. While the covenant to tithe the nurse. Many of the patients, was for a period of fifteen weeks Mexico is in the thick of a especially those whose stay in liquor traffic fight. President the hospital is being paid for by ro only, yet when it was all over Cardenas has the backing of the others, contrive to find a new nation's women in this fight, pain or ache for us every morn- 72 of the original tithers which is against pulque and te- ing; our lack of interest involves agreed to keep it up. quila. "It is up to them more the patient in the responsibility than anyone else to solve the of conjuring up a new one for -United Presbyterian problem," he said recently, "for tomorrow. It is odd how a tele- Leaflet. the sake of their children and gram from home asking them to homes, and to see that their hus- come soon for a fiesta, will often Visiting Campaign in Canada bands and brothers make good turn a poor pain-racked body use of the money they earn. into an animated bundle of joy A friendly visitation of all the Women will be satisfied to know in a few short hours. families of the United Church of that they have undertaken a Canada is being planned in con- great work. In the case of ex- "Native doctors are becoming nection with the 10th anniver- treme necessity," he warned, "I more efficient medically. We feel sary of union. This will mean may even have to prohibit the that when the time comes to turn calls by ministers and laymen in manufacture of liquor, so that this work over to them-and this 440,000 homes and on 77,000 this work will not be in vain." thought must always be at the members not connected with forefront – that the hospital families. The enterprise was – Watchman-Examiner. work will be one of the Mission begun with a visitation of the branches that will feel the presbyteries by conference lead- Honors For Trinidad change the least, and this gives ers. The presbyteries are send- us great encouragement." ing members to all of the official Honors attained in the mission boards of the churches and fi- school of the United Church of In Guadalajara nally each congregation is· to Canada in Trinidad reveals the have a call from office bearers. high standards of the school's Rev. Clarence A. Neff, Amer- More than 1,667,000 Canadians East Indian teachers. One ican Board missionary, is imwill receive greetings from their teacher gained permanent pos- pressed with the sincerity of church-not for a financial can- session of the agricultural so- President Cardenas of Mexico. vass, hut for friendly talks about ciety's shield given to the school He says that the situation in the well-being of the home, the having the best school garden Guadalajara – and evidently church and community. for the year. His school at Jor- over the country as a whole-is dan Hill won this distinction for much happier than it was a year -Presbyterian Banner. three successive years. In 1933 ago. Although the anti-ecclesias- and 1934 Canadian mission tical legislation remains on the Prohibition for Alaska schools won the Madoo Gold books, there seems to be great Medal awarded to the best all- leniency in its enforcement. The Early in December, Eskimos around primary school in the col- ban on the circulation of reliin Alaska petitioned the Terri- ony, and of the final six schools gious publications has been torial Board of Liquor Control examined for this distinction, lifted. Due to the discouraging at Nome to reenact prohibition four were Canadian mission outlook for private schools in statutes, making it a crime even schools. Mexico, the Colegio EI Pacifico to give an Eskimo a drink of in Mazatlan was closed in June. liquor. In their petition, the The Tyzabod Canadian Mis- Then came a letter from the Nome natives declared "the ex- sion School won first place in an state director of federal schools, cessive use of intoxicating liquor exhibit of handwork, the first urging that the institution be reby Eskimos and persons of rural school to receive this recog- opened, especially in view of the mixed blood is highly demoral- nition. izing to the race." -United Church Record.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

efforts he had made to get gov- his countrymen, became a mem- Antonio Serrano. The work is ernment recognition for it. The making a slow, but sure, begin- ber of the Presbyterian Church, ning under his leadership. Dur- School reopened with 80 stu- ing the summer Senor Serrano dents. -Missionary Herald. then began to visit the hospitals made many visits to churches in Madrid and elsewhere with the and jails of Santiago, helping the object of getting in close contact with their youth work. As a re- Work of Bible Institute men as they got out to rehabili- sult he has received invitations Graduates from a number of ministers to tate themselves. He rented a assist in the organizing of Sun- day schools in their churches. small house, established a man -The Life of Faith. The Central America Evan- and his wife as caretakers, and Bibles in Spain gelical Bible Institute is training as the men got out of jail or hos- The National Bible Society of native young people for places of pital, took them there, until they Scotland takes advantage of the Book Fair in Madrid and other responsibility, since the national- could find work. Presently he cities to sell Evangelical litera- ture. This year conditions have istic trend in this country may gave up his luxurious apartment been unusually adverse. Such outbursts of Romish fanaticism result in a situation similar to and went to live there. Last year have not been witnessed for years. Young Romish fanatics that in Mexico. A former stu- he bought a fine piece of prop- blocked sales by saying that the Book was of no value: that it dent, working in a difficult field erty out in one of the nice sub- was not the true Bible, that it was full of evil, that it was imon Lake Nicaragua, has suffered urbs of the city, not far from possible to read i.t. Groups sta- tioned themselves short distances persecution, even stoning. An- our Instituto Ingles, and there from the stands, stopped persons who had made purchases, obligother in Nicaragua is assistant erected what he meant to be a ing many of them to return what they had bought. pastor of Managua church while Home for his ex-prisoners, his The young fanatics, incited by a third is doing very ';ell as own dwelling and a lovely chapel the priests, would sometimes buy Gospels, only to tear them up bepastor of the Granada church. seating some 120 or 150 people: fore our eyes. One day one of them approached when several In Honduras and in Salvador The whole plant is now com- other persons were engaged in looking at the volumes. He graduates are doing hspalsenbdeied~ pleted. His hope is to be or- asked for a verse concerning sacrificial work. One Christ's Resurrection, and the dained as a Presbyterian piat swtoar~ colporteur, guessing what he had greatly used in a coast field to but in view of opposition in mind, handed him a Bible so that he should find it himself. build up the second largest evan- thought best to postpone it. He For a long time he searched for it in the Old Testament until, gelical congregation in that re- holds regular Sunday evening tired of his impertinence, the colporteur showed him the verse. public. Vesper services at the Home, He tried to argue that the verse denied the Resurrection, but was A woman graduate in Salva- and at 10 p. m. evening prayers hooted out of the crowd.

dor travels miles afoot, holding for his household, and for those Threats, even attempts, were made to burn the stall. As soon meetings and doing visitation of the neighborhood who care to as the Minister of the Interior heard of this, he gave an order work in her extensive field. come. He maintains this work that the stall should be guarded night and day by six soldiers. -Evangelical Christian. out of his own funds, and hopes One morning a well-dressed gen- tleman came to the stand accom- later to have a service in French panied by two others. He exam- ined the Bibles and admired the Vigorous Indian Church for the many French-Swiss Prot- Mr. A. H. Hawley, an E. U. estants in Santiago who are en- S. A. missionary, spent five days among coastal Indians of Peru, tirely without religious services. and writes of their spiritual progress. "These Indians have -Presbyterian News. erected two buildings in which to hold their services on Sundays, EUROPE when they meet for two or three hours for a season of prayer and The "Godless Movement" meditation over the Word of God. Invariably when they The Research Department of bring their wool to Arequipa for the Universal Christian Council, sale, they visit the mission house 2 rue de Montchoisy, Geneva, with the hope of learning a new Switzerland, has brought out a hymn or chorus." study booklet on "The Methods of the Godless Movement." Ex- -The Christian. tracts from Russian literature are given as illustrative of the New Work in Santiago type of propaganda and teaching being carried forward. The A young Chilean, Sr. Suber- study is not limited entirely to caseaux, belonging to an aristo- Russia but deals with the anticratic and wealthy family, a religious efforts of communism graduate of the Sorbonne in Psy- in several other European counchology, came in touch, in Rome, tries. The pamphlet is available with the Waldensian Church and in English as well as in German. was converted t h r 0 ugh and through. He returned to Chile -Federal Council Bulletin. with the idea of devoting himself to preaching the Gospel to Sunday Schools in Spain Spain now has a full time Sunday school missionary, Rev.

book stall. He proved to be the financial help caused by the diffi- their faith in Christ. A priest Minister of the Interior, and culties of the exchange. At pres- in Athens has founded 50 catebought a Bible. ent the German societies can do chetical schools, enrolling 5,000 no more than raise the amounts children. In Greece at large -Quarterly Record. needed to maintain their foreign there are now 559 such schools missionaries. for Christian instruction, with Estonian Prisoners 45,000 studying in them. This Nazis Close Seminaries priest has also organized 200 Thirty-one years ago the call Gospel meetings for women and came to Rev. Adam Podin to An armistice between the con- children. The 126,000 Moslems carry the Gospel to prisoners in fessional Protestants of Ger- in Thrace are the object of mis- Russia, but at that time it was many and the Nazi Government sionary interest. There is a impossible to gain entrance to gave some promise of making growing interest in the Bible; prisons. It was not long before the church, legally and tech- Sunday schools are being organa man, unknown to him, learned nically at least as free as a state ized ; also many philanthropic of his difficulty and promised church can be. This armistice societies and religious groups, help. Shortly afterward, Mr. was broken November 6, when with weekly meetings. Podin received documents grant- police and Hitler guardsmen ing him access to every prison in closed two independent theolog- -So S. Times. Russia. ical seminaries, one recently es~ tablished in Berlin, the other at AFRICA In Siberia there were half a Barmen in Westphalia, which million prisoners, and not one the Confessional Synod had set Pioneering in Ethiopia Christian worker to minister to up free from government contheir spiritual needs. trol. Both professors and stu- Southern Ethiopia is peopled dents were placed under tem- by primitive, barbaric tribes, Mr. and Mrs. Podin have also porary arrest and finally turned with little or none of the Ambeen working for leper prison- out of the building. . haric culture found farther ers, both men and women. north. These tribes are Hamitic New Anti-Jewish Decree and have no connection racially, -The Christian. socially or religiously with the The New York Sun puhlishes Semitic ruling class, but are Flemish Protestants the provisions of Germany's new heathen in every sense of the anti-Jewish decree: word. Most of them would be Under the auspices of the classed as animists, and some are Belgian Gospel Mission, Flemish 1. Jews cannot be citizens, but only even charged with cannibalism. Protestant Christians assembled State subjects, and only citizens may Near the Kenya border is a comat Ghent in November for the vote. munity where a young man caneighth annual convention. The not qualify for matrimony until purpose was to strengthen their 2. All Jewish civil servants must he has first proved his prowess spiritual life. Gratitude was ex- resign by December 31. They, and by slaying a man, whose blood pressed for the liberty for Gos- war veterans, will receive pensions on must be displayed on his spear pel witness enjoyed in Belgium, the regular scale according to rank. blade. Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Street, in contrast to closing doors of the Sudan Interior Mission, around them in other parts of 3. Jewish teachers in Jewish public have entered this field, and be- Europe. -The Christian. schools may remain in their jobs pend- ing the first white people to ap- ing an exact definition of their status. pear found themselves objects The German Missions of curiosity of a friendly sort. 4. Generally no non-Jew may marry The Year Book of the United a Jew, but there are provisions for For the first few months the German Missions for 1936, under waiving the rule in special cases. Streets found a most surprising the name of the "German Evan- interest in the Gospel message gelical Foreign Missions," gives 5. "Aryan" maid servants in Jewish and were encouraged by the the newest figures for the year households may remain in their jobs, large crowds that gathered reg- 1934. On the fields of these if, by December 31, they will have ularly to listen. Some years ago united missions there are 1,552 completed their thirty-first year. a native prophet had exhorted European missionaries and 11,- the people to repent and turn 400 paid native workers. These 6. Foreign Jews resident in Ger- unto the Lord. He told them that have under their care 1,263,876 many are subject to the laws; for- some day a white man would native Christians and 62,000 in- eigners generally who are not resident come proclaiming the way of ,salquirers. They have 4,256 day are not affected. (This would apply vation, whose words they should schools and 100 high schools, in as regards mixed marriages.) carefully heed. Then the devil which they instruct 260,000 took a hand. While the Streets pupils. There are 35 European "Life Movement" in Greece were away several deaths ocand 8 native doctors in 34 hos- curred in the community. The pitals. During the year covered The Greek Orthodox Church old men concluded that the reaby the report the numbers of na- is giving evidence of an evan- son for these deaths was the tive helpers, converts and pupils gelical revival. A series of meethave kept on increasing not- ings was begun over a year ago withstanding the utter need for by a civil service official, who gathered others in government employ in his home for the study of the prophecies. These groups have been growing larger, and many have made confession of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

presence of the missionary. They peace. . . . I only wish that . . . relief of the sick and suffering accordingly decided that any instead of a mutilated Gospel has grown considerably, the last women or children caught bring- which explains the confusion and report telling of over 300,000 ing wood or hay to the foreign- the infidelity of the peoples of treatments given at various hos- ers would be put in chains. The Europe they would return and pitals and dispensaries. It is old men said that their god was lead others back to the true Gos- now possible to travel by motor angry with them for listening to pel which began with the crea- l)Jmost from the Niger to the the "Jesus Christ matter," and tion of the world." Nile, stopping each night at a that they had decided it was best -Woman's Missionary Christian mission station.

to continue offering their sacri- Friend. -The Christian.

fices to Asa, the native prophet, but the missionaries are not dis- Suez Men's Work Teaching a Mute the Gospel couraged. Moslem bigotry combines with Mr. H. A. Ogilvie, of the Su- -Moody Institute Monthly. intense nationalism to put ob- dan Interior Mission, sends this Prayer for Ethiopia stacles in the way of the "Suez interesting story to the Moody Men's Work." It had been evi- Institute Monthly: The Ethiopia Prayer League dent that some institution, in ithas been formed in England to self unobjectionable to the "man A frequent visitor at the mission compound was Wawa, a mute, a enlist and encourage prayer dur- in the street," was called for, bright, cheery-faced boy. To teach the ing the time of Ethiopia's need, especially since the majority of boy the mission house was used as an and to supply information con- Egyptian men know practically object lesson, the missionary using the cerning the missionary situation sign for to build, and then pointing to in that land. The issues in- nothing of the social side of himself, thus meaning that he had home life and spend their leisure built the house. Other objects which volved are not primarily eco- sitting in cafes where the atmos- the missionary had made were used, nomic, territorial or racial, but and finally a tree. This time the mis- phere is harmful. After many sionary shook his head to show that spiritual. Progress of the Gos- attempts a "Reading Room for he had not made that. He pointed pel in Ethiopia during the past Young Men" was 0 pen e d. into the sky, using the sign for father.

seven years has been possibly Arabic texts and Copping pic- Other objects were used, as rocks, birds, flowers, the missionary each without precedent in the history tures adorn the walls. One room time pointing up and using this sign. of missions. Evangelism is be- is provided with papers and Wawa is a quick lad, and he perceived ing intensified from Lalibella in magazines, secular and Chris- that he was being told of the Maker the North to Bulke in the South, tian, and there is a small library. of all things.

a revision of the whole Bible in chiefly of religious books. An- Then the sign for son was used, teaching that the Maker of all had a Amharic is in progress, the blind other room is devoted to games; Son; an only One, holding up one are being taught to read, the sick another is a retreat for in- finger. Different signs were used to are being healed, and hospitals quirers, and it is hoped even- depict the suffering of the Son for us, and churches planted-all this is tually for Bible classes. A radio His death and His resurrection. Heaven was described as the place jeopardized by war. About 100 has been installed and is proving where there is no sickness or death. missionaries remain at their a great asset. No stubbed toes, which would have an posts, and look for prayer-sup- appeal to a barefooted boy. Step by -Egypt General Mission port during these crucial days. News. step signs were worked out which -The Christian. Sudan United Mission would declare the way of salvation by faith in the Son. It was surprising Menelik Wrote a Missionary In a little over twenty-five how quickly the truth was grasped, years the Sudan United Mission and before long Wawa was going into It is of interest to read a letter has established a chain of mis- town and by his sign language telling written in February, 1896, by his people of the Maker of all things who lived in heaven, and of His Son, Emperor Menelik of Ethiopia to sion stations across the Sudan, who is the Saviour and Friend of an English missionary. He said: and today 136 missionaries are sinners.

"You are mistaken in thinking actively at work. Until 1910 Ohristians Grow Slowly ,that I do not care for your only one convert had been bap- prayers. All prayers of believers tized, and at that time there was At McLean Station, Presbyare dear to me, even when they not aNew Testament in any of terian West Africa Mission, one come from the children of Eu- the languages spoken in this group rebelled against the dis- rope. Not all are aggressors on region. Now there is a whole cipline of the church, withdrew, my kingdom: not all commit the Bible in Hausa available and in and attempted to start a new iniquity of attacking those whom growing use, and a number of church of their own. It is a they hope to find weaker than smaller portions of Scripture in tribal affair, for they are very themselves; not all have bent several of the tongues. In the jealous of other tribes. For two the knee before Baal, the god of last two years more than 200 years thi~ has been going on, but destruction and the slaughterer were baptized. Sunday church they ar~ beginning to realize of his brothers. Many, I am attendance averages 5,000. that a church which defies the sure, still truly adore the God of From the first small begin- rules given in the Bible for the Cross, the God of justice and nings the Mission's work for the Christian living, soon becomes a

very weak affair. Some are Paterson Smyth's "L i f e of but with books and other extras. coming back, a few of the wom- Christ," Father Gerard's "Man- At Christmas time a Russian ual of Intercession" and a bottle woman of Meshed joined a misen, one or two of the men, being of peroxide. After reading the sionary in getting up a party for brave enough to come and say, label on the peroxide bottle he refugees when, for once at least, thought that it would be a good everyone had all he could eat. "I am finished with it. I see it beginning. Many came for ,the is nothing and I do not want to medicine and were inclined to In Ramadan students in the have anything more to do with listen to what he had to say as girls' school asked to have gifts it." We have put them to the he was from a secondary school. intended for them sent to chiltest, in asking them if they Later the missionary sent him a dren in an orphanage. The girls would give the offering they had useful parcel of medical stores themselves made up Christmas and prayed for him. bags and filled them with gifts refused to give the church the they could make from their past year, and they have not only WESTERN ASIA scanty resources. In Tabriz, consented but have done so, two older students made it possible very different things in this End of German Missions by gifts of clothes and money for country where lying is second in Turkey two very poor girls to continue in school. nature and no one has any scruples about it. -Pastors' News Sheet.

-Presbyterian News. INDIA AND SIAM Congo Statistics The question of religion is agi- Evangelism on the March At the beginning of 1935 there tating the minds of the Turks to A Five-Year Forward Movewere 42 Protestant Missions and a great extent. It appears that ment, planned by the National Christian Council, is the Christhree independent stations hav- not even Mohammedanism can tian response to communism, naing work in the Belgian Congo, continue to hold them noticeably tionalism, secularism, atheism, and in the Belgian mandated ter- at present. The reason is that modernism or whatever other ritory of Ruanda Urundi, an the Turks are casting about for "isms" challenges the Gospel as area covering s 0 m e 966,000 a religion that might be consid- the power of God unto men's salsquare miles with a population ered intrinsically Turkish. Their vation. Efforts of other agencies of about 14 millions. The total writers lean to the view that are all bearing fruit; the entire number of Protestant mission anything coming to them from Bengal – Orissa Mission reports stations in this vast central por- . the outside cannot fill the re- Forward Movements. The main tion of Africa is 199, with 893 quirements and are seeking to responsibility for the movement missionaries. As for native construct an eclectic religion will be on the churches themhelpers, there is now a splendid that is more or less ethical and selves, the National Christian army of 13,058 pastors, evan- that is not earmarked by the in- Council and provincial Christian gelists and teachers, among them fluences that are not strictly Councils, which will arrange a large number of well-trained Turkish. As a result Christian conferences, issue literature and Christian men of many years ex- and even Mohammedan missions attend to details. Before the speperience in Christian work. The have a hard time of it. This is cial efforts begin, early in 1936, adult baptized church member- only in line with the extreme a preparation of seven weeks by ship now numbers 238,807, and nationalistic tendencies that are churches is suggested. the total Protestant community everywhere at work along non- religious lines as well. Sacred Books Burned exceeds a million. -Congo Mission News. The Hiilfsbund of Frankfurt, Following a recent decision of the Depressed Classes to leave has now, two years after the the Hindu fold, about 1,000 De- pressed Class youths from vil- Fighting Heathenism with driving out of the last German lages in Bombay Presidency met Peroxide sisters from Marash, succeeded at a conference recently and per- in disposing of the last proper- formed "obsequies" to Hinduism. A boy of seventeen, student at ties it had left there. The mis- The ceremonies included the an Episcopal boarding school in sionaries had the feeling that burning of the Manu Suriti Johannesburg, heard that two of since the prospects for further (Laws of Manu) and other his sisters had died suddenly in mission work in Turkey are Hindu sacred books upholding one day and a third was violently over, God Himself seemed to untouchability. A pyre was preill; that heathen neighbors were have closed the doors to them pared into which books, one trying to persuade the mother to and so they have sold all that after another, were unceremonigo to the witch-doctor to learn was left to them. ously thrown to the accompaniwhy the daughters died. The boy ment of funeral orations detail- returned to his heathen home at The Christmas Spirit in Iran once, in great distress of mind to fight the heathen. Assyrian refugees and Rus- He told the school teacher that sian prisoners in Meshed have the only thing to do was to start been cared for by the mission a Sunday school to combat the group, not only with gifts of evils. He left school armed with clothing and payment of rent

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing the offending passages in the Youth Evangelism in Siam ties of this work. The Governor and other high officials were books. -The Living Church. For many years, under the present, and several Chinese and Burmese teak dealers and gen- guidance of Dr. William Harris, eral merchants. The s e all Bible Week in West India Principal of Prince Royal Col- pledged to do all they could to support the work we have been The Bombay Auxiliary of the lege of Chiengmai, teachers of doing and to try to get leper British and Foreign Bible So- clinics established throughout thIS school have gone out during the province." ciety invited all missions and churches of West India to take the hot vacation season to the MISCELLANEOUS part in a united campaign of country villages pre a chi n g Scripture distribution during the Whole Church a Missionary first week of last November, Christ. In the spring of 1933, more than one hundred young Society The objects were thus summarized by the Society: people of northern Siam came to- There is no Moravian Mis- gether for study and preparation sionary Society b e c a use the To ~each people and districts hith- whole church is a missionary soerto insufficiently visited, or entirely to carryon vacation Bible ciety. About one in every sevuntouched, by present colportage schools in the villages. In the enty-five of the members bemethods. comes a missionary, as compared Chiengmai field alone ten groups with about one in 5,000 in the To counteract the influence of cheap churches generally. Countries went out, and 736 children were to which Moravians have carried enrolled that year. In one par- the Gospel include Northwest ticularly difficult village several America, G u ian a, Labrador, Moskito Coast, Demerara, Northsecular literature, definitely harmful families came into the church. west Alaska and East-Central in character, which is finding an in- Africa. They maintain a leper creasingly wide circulation throughout Other village communities were home at Jerusalem, and work India. stirred, friction has been eased among lepers has been carried and new interest aroused. on in South Africa since 1818. To emphasize the value of Scripture There are over 300 stations, yet distribution as an effective means of These young people continued the annual expenditure amounts evangelism and worthy of a more to work in 1934, and in southern to but little over £100,000; of prominent place in the evangelistic this less than half is raised at program of missions and churches. Siam six more vacation Bible home, the greater proportion be- schools were added, making a ing the contribution of the mis- To encourage voluntary service and sion fields. -The Christian. individual witness on the part of all ' total of 1,292 children enrolled, Approach to the Jew members of the Christian Church. plus the 1,151 children who were Rabbi Mendelsohn, editor of To cooperate with the National taught the same lessons in spe- The Sentinel, a Chicago Jewish Christian Council in its projected pro- cial time in seven mission journal, believes in the sincerity gram for a Forward Movement in of Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, Gen- schools. The 196 teachers were eral Secretary of the Interna- Evangelism. -Dnyanodaya. the young men and women from tional Committee on the Chris- tian Approach to the Jews, and Refuses to Teach Koran the Christian schools who were says that since Dr. Hoffmann is again willing to give of their a born Christian, Jews are glad to listen to him, which they A Mohammedan con v e r t time and themselves. would not do, were he a con- -Women and Missions. verted Jew. "Jews object," says named Nur (Light) is one of the Rabbi Mendelsohn, "to the meth- od and type of approach usually new pupils in the United Pres- For Siam Lepers pursued. If those who are inter- ested in missionizing a m 0 n g byterian Normal School at Sial- Jews will send to us only men like Dr. Hoffmann they will obkot. Since her baptism she has The National Church of Siam viate a serious obstacle on the been teaching in a Mohammedan has been doing a work among the road to goodwill between Jews village school, where she refuses lepers for about two years. This and Christians." to teach the Koran. She regards the theft of her Bible as the is not a mission activity. A vilhardest persecution she has suf- lage is maintained with 33 pa- tients, most of whom have befered. She had the joy, how- come Christians. "During the ever, of seeing her mother, who first ten months or so the probis still a Mohammedan, enroll in lems of discipline and organizathe beginners class of that school tion were very difficult," writes in order that she might some day one of the workers; "during the be able to read the Bible for her- later months we have been self. Nur's joy at being in greatly encouraged by the attischool is not so much for the tude of cooperation and Chrisnormal training as the oppor- tian fellowship on the part of the tunity for getting Bible .teaching patients. There has been no efand growing in spiritual things, fort or intention to build a hosso that when she goes back to pital or other expensive edifices live among her. Mohammedan in this work; we would like relatives she may better be able. to give all the medical attention to give them the reason and the patients need, and the reliproof of the hope that is hers in gious instruction n e c e s s a r y. Christ. There have been two meetings of -Women's Missionary the representatives of the com- Magazine. munity to discuss the possibili- Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Turkish Transformation. A itself to a new situation wherein it authorities in the investigation Study in Social and Religious De- must confine itself to the domain of velopment. By Henry Elisha Allen, conscience. of the earliest traces of human Ph.D. 251 pp. $2.50. University life and thought on our earth. of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1935. The question remains whether The book is the reasoned convic- To make an exhaustive study of the reactions in Turkey and Islam as a religion can function tion of a true and sturdy Chris- outside of Turkey to the fall of effectively in such a secular tian scholar in defense of the the Caliphate and the rise of the new dictatorial Republic would state. The author has used his biblical account of man's origin require several volumes and many years of careful study and material with great skill. After and of the origin of his religious travel. The author remarks in an historic introduction and an belief and fundamental social his Preface that Islam is not a unit, which is true. On the account of the penetration of and moral ideas. It is amazing other hand, it is a system of Western civilization, he deals to see the facts which Dr. thought, of social life, and a religion. Whether the forces that with Turkey's res e n t men t Zwemer has gathered showing are playing on it in Turkey have against the religious incubus of the return of contemporary completed their task or not, the survey here made is of deep in- her own faith. This first part of thought toward the historic terest. the book is followed by an ac- · Christian tradition. It need not count 0 f the revolutionary · be said that one feels throughout Of the composite mass which goes to make up Islam, no unit today pre- changes that have taken place, the glow of Dr. Zwemer's deep sents a more interesting or amazing picture than Turkey in its eager rush the construction of a loyal uni- faith and rich spirit. R. E. S. to escape from the toils of ignorance and superstition which have for so fied state and the new spirit evi- Ethiopia, a Pawn in European Dimany years retarded her progress. plomacy. By Ernest Work, Pro- When one remembers the centuries of dent in Turkey's present social fessor of History, Muskingum Colbitterness and bloodshed, of jealousy institutions. The two final chap- lege, Formerly Advisor to Ethiopian and misunderstanding, in the relations ters deal with missionary educaof Islam and Christianity, and when one realizes that Turkey, long the tion, its possibilities and limita- Government. 8 vo. 354 pp. The champion of Moslem orthodoxy and tions, and the place of Islam in Macmillan Company. New York. most redoubtable aggressor for the the new Turkey. There is an ex- 1935. faith of Mohammed, is now making tensive bibliography and a good herself into a Western nation accord- sketch map in the cover. The Italo – Ethiopian controing ta the very pattern of those Euro- versy has centered the attention pean states which for so many years S. M. ZWEMER. of the world on a country until she despised and feared, he cannot recently practically unknown to deny that he is witnessing one of history's most significant phenomena. The Origin of Religion. By Samuel most of the reading public. Here before our very eyes is occurring M. Zwemer. 8 vo. 256 pp. $2.00. True, the coronation of the Ema transition of civilizations, the aban- Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn. peror Haille Silassie I in Novemdonment of practices which originated 1935. in Arabia, based upon union of reli- ber of 1930 gave this country gion and politics, the adoption of pat- The origiriallectures delivered much publicity, but the general terns which developed in Europe, by Dr. Zwemer at the Columbia impression left by news reports based upon separation of religion and Theological Seminary at De- at that time was that the country politics. Far-reaching consequences catur, Georgia, have been sup- was some semibarbaric curiosity. of this transition may be observed in plemented by additional ma- Today she stands before us as government, law, education, and so- terial. The whole volume deals the prize desired by a European cial structure. Religion, which but with the origin of religion, of the nation and one to be secured by little more than a half century ago idea of God, of the world and warlike conquest. was the test of citizenship, has been man, of prayer and sacrifice, of Professor Work's book will severed from the constitution. Islam, fire as a symbol of deity, of mar- convince the reader that the shorn of its prestige, strives to adapt riage and ethics, of ,the belief in world powers in general are immortality. Dr. Zwemer does aware of the value of this coun- not accept the naturalistic theory try, the last independent empire of these origins. He believes · in all of Africa, but the general that monotheism is the primitive public is unaware of the subtle faith of mankind and not an evo- machinations of international lutionary development. His book politics. In vivid fashion, with is buttressed on every page by every important statement sup- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RlWrltw publishers OD receipt of price.

[110 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ported by documentary evidence, what is to happen in the future. gelical Church and Sunday Professor Work shows how school membership. Ethiopia has been for more than If Italy gains the land she dehalf a century the pawn on Eur- The story of the present Evanope's chessboard, with England, sires so as to connect Eritrea gelical Movement is encouraging as it gives evidence of spiritual France, Italy, Russia, Germany, and Italian Somaliland, then life in the Mexican Church. Turkey and Egypt as the play- Anyone wishing a just, clear and France is cut off as a competitor, accurate appraisal of Mexico toers. Ethiopia the lowly pawn day must read this book. has been shoved about at will, and only England and Italy re- Ralph Norton and the Gospel Missacrificed whenever a new move main. If HaiIle Silassie objects sion. By Edith F. Norton. Illus. in the game demanded it. Egypt, 8 vo. 253 pp. $2.00. Revell. New Turkey, Germany and Russia to this amputation of his strong York. 1935.

have been eliminated by clever right arm-the barrier country This stirring love story tells of moves of the other contestants the ideal married life of Edith until only England, France and so valuable to his future-it may Fox and Ralph Norton whose love for each other is subordi- Italy remain. be that the League (viz. Eng- nate only to their devotion to Professor Work continues his Christ and to those for whom land, France and Italy) will have they gave their life service. The report of the game of interest- Nortons have done for Belgians ing, although at times also to put sanctions on him to en- what Robert W. McAll did for the French. With a less wideshameful and nauseating, inter- force the amputation. spread organization behind them national politics by citing the in England and America, they This is not a volume to be have been used to accomplish as clever moves of each of the three great spiritual results as the contestants – England, France skimmed through in an evening. message of love, voiced by Mr. and Mrs. McAll accomplished and Italy – to eliminate the There is much solid food for among the working classes of other. The chessgame became France. more like a foxhunt, with the fox thought. The chapters entitled, himself watching every move Ralph Norton was born in Inand outwitting the hunters at The Land and Its Surrounding; diana on November 10, 1868, and after attending DePauw Univerevery turn. What a fox Mene- Italy Tries for the Pawn; Italy sity, followed by a brief business lik II proved to be, learning the career, entered Moody Bible Insubtleties of the game from ob- Loses the Pawn; and The Pres- stitute. He took up evangelistic servation, eluding them one after work, became Religious Work the other! The prize fell to none ent Situation, are especially in- Director of the Y. M. C. A. and then for ten years was associated of the ,three because each was so teresting. The seventeen maps with Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman and zealous that the other should not Charles M. Alexander. During get it. are of inferior quality as to the World War, Mr. and Mrs. Norton worked among the sol- The picture Professor Work clearness and art and could be diers and refugees. They went to the Belgian Front and as a releaves with us as we finish read- greatly improved. A compre- sult the Belgian Gospel Mission ing and reflect on the plight of was founded in 1918. Since the present Emperor, Haille hensive Indix and Bibliography then sixty-six stations have been established for evangelical mis- Silassie I, is that of a lion-the are appended. There is perhaps sion work in nine provinces; Lion of the Tribe of Judah-as thousands have accepted Christ many have called His Majesty, no other one book which covers and have been transformed. although he does not call himself Two Bible Training schools are by this name for he knows it re- even a chapter of the same ma- conducted and evangelistic work is carried on in halls, tents and fers to Christ. The Lion roars terial here presented, as Profes- by Gospel cars. This mission is from the Ethiopian heights, as one of the few good outgrowths sor Work refers extensively to of the World War. It is being he sees the hunters closing carried on by Mrs. Norton and around him. His eyes flash as official documents not readily ac- her associates, with the help of he sees those whom he thought an American Committee of his friends, turn against him cessible. He presents the case which Dr. Charles G. Trumbull and betray him – no cringing is treasurer. of Ethiopia most clearly. ' monarch of Africa but a fearless lion showing his teeth. STUART BERGSMA.

The student of accurate, liv- Religion in the Republic of Mexico. ing history, proven by authorita- By G. Baez Camargo and Kenneth G. Grubb. Illustrations, maps and tive documents, will :find the charts. 8 vo. 166 pp. 58. World scales dropping from his eyes so Dominion Press. MiIdmay Park. London. 1935. that he sees the professed altruism and big-brother protective We have here timely study of a land and people much in the attitude of the larger nations to- public mind. The authors are ward small ones are sham. well qualified to speak with au- Further, Professor Work's book thority. Prof. G. Baez Camargo almost enables one to predict is a Mexican Christian, secretary of the National Council of Evan- gelical Churches in Mexico and secretary for Christian Educa- tion. Mr. Grubb was formerly a missionary in Latin America and recently visited Mexico to study the situation. The survey is reliable and up to date with descriptions of ancient and mod- ern Mexico, recent political and religious developments, and the evangelical situation and out- look. There are very valuable appendices on Protestant mis- sions, five excellent maps and two charts showing the Evan-

How to Teach Evangelical Christian- college into Y. M. C. A. work in many years as the African St. ity. By Theodor Heckel. 8 vo. 121 pp. Zondervan Pub. House. Grand China. Later he became secre- Paul of the West Coast Church. Rapids, Mich. 1935. tary for Asia and through his Miss Garlick describes graph- Dr. Norman E. Richardson, of ChiGago, and Klaas Jacob Strate- travels at home and in Asia met ically the planting and growth meir have translated this work of the "Counsel for the German a multitude of interesting people, of the Christian Church, the es- Evangelical Church Union." It is a book for teachers and Chinese and Americans, and has tablishment of schools, training preachers, an exposition of methods found effective in Ger- had many valuable experiences of Christian workers and the many for reading and teaching the Bible as the Word of God. during Chi n a's revolutions. transforming influence of the We will do well to learn from Evangelical German Christians These he describes in a delight- Gospel- in Nigeria, S i err a -as we have since the days of Luther. Theodor Heckel is a ful, informal way, without phil- Leone and the Yoruba country. representative of the scientific osophical digressions but with It is an inspiring story. and spiritually-minded German teachers. The Bible is to be interpretive insight. The chap- The Answer of God. Seventieth Antaught as fact, not fiction; as niversary of the China Inland Misrevealing man in his weakness ter, "I Take My Bearings," is sion. By Marshall Broomhall. Paand the possibilities of growth in particularly refreshing and reholiness; God as supreme and Christ as divine Saviour and vealing. Mr. Brockman, how- per Cover. 12 mo. 93 pp. C. I. M. Lord. Many helpful suggestions are here made on how to make ever, seems to us to misrepresent London. 1935. the Bible live. early missionary motives and to Some think the age of miracles Christ and the Student W orId. By "discover" many things that is past. Here is the story of sev- Robert P. Wilder. Introduction by other missionaries have long enty years of miracle. This brief Robert E. Speer. 80 pp. Cloth, 75 known about the Orient. cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New history of the China Inland Mis- York. 1935. The Bible in Our Day. A Symposium. sion reveals the wonderful way This little volume of eight ad- 12 mo. 184 pp. $1.00. The Oxdresses, given by Dr. Wilder to ford Press. New York. 1935. in which the Mission was born students in many lands, will be and developed, was guided, prowelcomed by students in America and by those who are inter- The four hundredth anniver- tected, provided for and made ested in spiritual work for them. sary of the English Bible has fruitful. The Mission began These addresses have already ap- brought forth many volumes on peared in Great Britain where the subject. Here is one with with one station and no conthey have had a wide sale. The much stimulating thought by .verts; now there are 345 statopics include the basis for Christian character as found in seven well-known writers of dif- tions in China and 8,670 were Christ, the Bible, prayer, moral ferent denominations. baptized in 1934. During the struggles and Christian service. first fifty years, 50,700 publicly Dr. Wilder's many years of work professed their faith in Christ; for students in India, Great Britain and the Continent of Co-verdale Speaks, by Charles F. during the last twenty years, Europe and in America, as well Wishart of Wooster College. 107,000 more were baptized-an as his own spiritual experience, average of over 2,000 a year for have given him a deep insight Searching the Scriptures, by Chas. the whole seventy years. The into the needs of youth and the E. Jefferson of New York. most effective way of reaching income-without any denominathem. This book makes an ex- One Book for All People, by James cellent gift for students just en- I. Vance of Nashville. tional church backing or definite tering college. appeals – has grown to nearly Rejoicing in Hope, by A. W. Beaven I Discover the Orient. Fletcher S. of Rochester. Brockman. 12 mo. 211 pp. $2.00. Harper & Bros. New York. 1935. lAle in the Light of the Bible, by $1,000,000 in one year. The Fletcher Brockman, a South- W. Russell Bowie. total income for seventy years erner from Georgia, went from Across the Barriers of Language, has been 0 v e r $25,000,000. by A. R. Wentz of Gettysburg. There are now 1,082 mission- For Such an Age as This, by Lynn aries on the field and 286 at Harold Hough of Drew Univer- home. sity.

The presentations are popular, Winning the Border. Baptist Mis- not theological; practical, not sions Among the Spanish-speaking critical. Peoples of the Border. By Una Roberts Lawrence. Pam phI e t. With the C. M. S. in West Africa. Home Mission Board, Southern Bap- A Study in Partnership. By Phyllis tist Convention. Atlanta, Ga. 1935. L. Garlick. 12 mo. 79 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. Lon- The Mexicans in the United don. 1935. States and over the border have constituted a real problem in the The work of the Church Mis- southwestern states. Here is a sionary Society in West Africa study of their background and began less than a century ago characteristics, their history and when slavery, warfare and su- Evangelical work among them. perstition everywhere prevailed. The book is especially valuable Today the people are free and for Southern Baptists but con- many have found new life in tains much interesting and use- Christ with education and posi- ful information for all who seek tions of trust. Nigeria is the to promote the Kingdom of God. field in which Bishop Samuel There are 857,194 Mexicans in Crowther served effectively for Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.

features of the book are New Books Una Alajaba de Flechas Para

the pronunciation of Mexican Arqueros Del Senor. Bautista words, suggestions for teaching A Serious Aspect of the Abyssinian Rinorosa. 120 pp. Institute .l!;vanand questions for discussion. Situation. Joseph J. Cooksey. 50 gelico. Rosario, Argentina. The work of the Baptists has pp. 18. World Today Series. New been greatly blessed among these lVlildmay Press. London. The Furtherance of the Gospel. W. people. O. Carver. 146 pp. 60 cents cloth, China Christian Year Book – 1935. 40 cents paper. Baptist Sunday The ~olitary Throne. Some Religious Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 458 School Board. Nashville. BelIefs of Mahatma Gandhi in the pp. Christian Literature Society. Light of Christ's Teachings. By Shanghai. Prove Me NoVi. J. Edwin Orr. Bishop Brenton T. Badley. Booklet. "10,000 Miles of Miracle to Mos- 62 pages. Lucknow Publishing The Case for Missions in Modern cow." 128 np. 18. Marshall, Mor- House. Lucknow, India. 1935. India. E. C. Dewick. 30 pp. 3 gan & Scott. London. Annas. The Palghat Mission. Pal- If anyone wishes to know just ghat, South India. Can God? "10,000 Miles of Miracle where Mr. Gandhi stands in ref- in Britain. 18. 128 pp. MarShall, erence to Christ and His teach- The Church of Christ and the Prob- Morgal1 & Scott. London. ings, he cannot do better than lems of the Day. Karl Heim. Chas. read this book by one who knows Scribner. World Friendship. A Bibliography. both Christ and Gandhi. Bishop Gertrude E. N. King. 79 pp. $1.00. Badley, who has been a Chris- Christ and the Student World. Rob- Chapman and Grimes. Boston. tian missionary in India for 35 ert P. Wilder. 80 pp. 75 cents. years, gives forty quotations Revell. New York. Philosophies of Father Coughlin. from Mr. Gandhi-all of which Sermons by W. B. Riley. b~ pp. contradict the clear teachings of The Essentials of Life. W. H. Grif- 25 cents. Zondervan Pub. House. Christ. In many points the fith Thomas. 126 pp. 18. Picker- Grand Rapids, Mich. Hindu teacher is in harmony ing & Inglis. London. with Jesus but in points that dif- The Making of a Pioneer: Percy ferentiate Christianity from the Eastern and Central Asia. World To- Mather of Central Asia. Mildred ethnic religions he is at variance day Series. 34 pp. 6d. New Mild- Cable and Francesca French. 288 –especially as to His deity, His may Press. London. pp. 58. Hodder & Stoughton. Lonunique character and authority, don. His position as the only Saviour God the Christlike. J ames Robertfrom sin and the only hope of son Cameron. 242 pp. $2.00. Cokes- India's New Constitution. A Survey immortality. Mahatma Gandhi bury Press. Nashvllle. of the Government of India Act, looks upon Christ as a great 1935. J. P. Eddy and F. H. Lawton. teacher and example but he says: The Great Evangel. Lynn Harold 239 pp. 68. Macmillan. London. "When I fancied I was taking Hough. 164 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury my last breath, the Gita (Hindu Press. Nashville. A History of Abyssinia. A. H. M. Scriptures) was my solace." Jones and Elizabeth Monroe. 196 "An Hundred Fold." The Faithful pp. 68. Oxford University Press. The New Home and Other Papers. Steward's Dividend. David McCon- London. By Capt. Reginald Wallis. Paper. aughy. 31 pp. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- 1 8. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. cago. The Real Abyssinia. C. F. Rey. 11- 1935. Ius. Map. 291 pp. 108.6d. Seeley His Things of Power. Norman B. Service. London. Captain Wallis is an evangel- Ha.rrison. 62 pp. B. I. C. Assn. ist and Bible teacher, with a mis- Chlcago. II If you use sion especially to young men. His addresses here printed relate The Lad with the Lunch Basket. PRINTING to heaven, death, conversion, Donald Davidson. 18. 96 pp. Pickcreation and victory. They are ering & Inglis. London. YOU will profit from an acthe products of Bible study, spir- quaintanceship with us. We itual experience of God and Duncan Main of Hangchow. Alex- do the job complete in our own knowledge of men. ander Gammie. 38. 6d. Pickering plant, whether it be large or & Inglis. London. small. Oh Carry Me Back. By E. A. Bland. 8 vo. 317 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering New Testament Biographies. H. C. While our specialty is Books, and Inglis, London. Moore. 75 cents. 230 pp. Baptist Magatines and Pamphlets, vet Sunday School Board. Nashville. we have a variety of modern This boys' book records the de- equipment to meet all the revelopment of a thoroughly hu- Religion in the Republic of Spain. quirements of your particular man youngster, Quaker back- World Dominion Survey Series. job. You will find our service ground, who sinks to the depths C. Araujo Garcia and Kenneth S. prompt, careful and courteous. of degradation, but is rescued by Grubb. World Dominion Movement. his mother who crossed the London. Will you allow us to estimate ocean to find him. on your next printing ? We be- Ruled by the Rudder. K. M. Mac- lieve you will be delighted with Leod. 320 pp. Pickering & Inglis. our product, price and service. London. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Songs from the Slums. Toyohiko Kagawa. 94 pp. $1.00. Cokes- PTinters of bury Press. Nashville. The Missionary Review of the World Taken Unawares. John Macbeth. 112 PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Third and Reily Slreets Hlnl,burs, PI. don.

The Unveiled Vision. Edith Hick- man Divan. 18. Pickering & In- glis. London.

When Do Teachers Teach? Doak S. Cambell. 60 cents cloth, 40 cents paper. Baptist Sunday School Board. Nashville.

Year Book of Negro Churches. Com- piled by Bishop Reverdy C. Ransom. 111 pp. Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio.

HUNDRED YEARS OF THE BIBLE IN

Last November marked the one hundredth anniversary of George Borrow's arrival in Spain as agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Since then the circulation of the Bible has been maintained whenever political conditions permitted, and the total circulation of the Society in the last 100 years has been approximately 6,857,000 copies. On July 20, 1935, a Bible coach bearing the name "George Borrow" was dedicated in Barcelona for the work.

The National Bible Society of Scotland (N. B. S. S.) began work in Spain in 1862. By far the greater part of the' circulation has been in Spanish, although there is an increasing de- mand for a translation in modern Catalan, and several parts of the New Testament have been published in that language.

In 1930 both societies circulated 277,099 copies and last year 249,903. The demand has not decreased but the supply has been limited, due to lack of funds.

The value of the Bible cannot be estimated in these figures. The desire to understand the Book has been a not inconsiderable factor in the spread of literacy; and it is the ground of faith in the hearts of many who have not identified themselves with any organized Christian Church. It has influenced the outlook of leaders and thinkers, and increasing familiarity with it is already being reflected in the literary expression of Spaniards. It is a matter of much satisfaction that since the Republic both the Roman Catholic Church and the publishing busi- ness have increasingly seen the need of placing the Book within the reach of the people.

The Bible is the most valued possession of the Evangelicals in Spain. A study made in 1932 by the World Dominion Press showed a Spanish Evangelical community of only 21,900, of whom 6,259 were full communicants. But, as with the Bible so it is with those who cherish it: their influence is out of proportion to their numbers. Persecution and absence of liberty have rendered the existence of evangelicalism exceedingly precarious in the past; while today Christians of all convictions have to face the spread of organized godlessness.

A great task thus still awaits accomplishment in the Peninsula. In 1932, of the 48 prov- inces in Spain, 11 could show no organized Evangelical church; and in 27 provincial capitals there was no Evangelical witness of any active kind. In so far as has been possible the con- ditions of wider liberty afforded by the Republic have been taken advantage of, and in the task which still lies ahead the Bible will continue to be the foundation of all evangelistic and Christian achievement. KENNETH G. GRUBB.

READ THE COMING ARTICLES By MISSIONARIES, NATIONALS AND TRAVELERS THE DIVINE CONSTRAINT OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS • The Archbishop of York THIS ENLARGING WORLD. .•. . • • • Arthur J. Brown THE CHRISTIANITY THAT THE WORLD NEEDS. Frank C. Laubach MEXICO IN THE REMAKING . . • • Gonsalo Baez Camargo EGYPT AND THE NEW DAY • . • • • • Mrs. Anna P. White OPPORTUNITIES IN KOREA . • • Mrs. Induk Pak MISSIONARIES AND SIMPLE LIVING . • • • • • • • • • Muriel Lester Also Look for the Special Number on Africa and Home Mission Number on Negroes in America Have you sent your subscription for 1936? Send it today and make your yearly volume complete.

Each issue contains valuable hints for "Effective Ways of Working."

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. $2.50 a Year 25 Cents a Copy

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1932

1932

The Christmas Story in India Irene Mason Harper New Opportunities in New Persia R. E. Hoffman A Translator's Experiences in Africa A. W. Banfield New Hope for Spain R. H. Rainey What Success in Madagascar?

W. Kendall Gale A Typical Station in China Lois Anna Ely

Missions Ten Days' Journey on Faith I

Are presented in novel and very This man was usable form, for Missionary Meet- a leper for ings, as illustrations for sermons twenty years. and talks, or for personal inspir- Wholly unable ation, in to e~rn his living, or even The Presbyterian to walk, he was depend- BANNER ent on his motherless A Church weekly modern in young daughappearance, evangelical in creed, ter who begprogressive in contents, practical ged food to in help to ministers, ministers' keepthem wives and other active Church alive. workers; and prepared with special regard for the layman and He heard of the laywoman. the Chiengmai Leper Asylum, A Christian Companion Siam, one of the 150 leper colonies aided by the Mission to Lepers, and determined to seek refuge there. For the home, the study, mission- To reach Chiengmai, his daughter and the ten-year old son of a leper ary meeting, young people's neighbor pulled him on his cart for ten days, sleeping on the roadside meeting, Sunday school, and hour at night and begging for foodal! the way. of family and personal devotion; Both the man and the children were taken into the Mission Colony its many pages of "News of the and are now receiving care.. Others badly in need are also being Churches Everywhere," and its helped but there dre many, many more whom we shalf not be able to pages of vital editorials, are assist unless you come to our rescue. prepared by numerous selected Correspondents and WHEN YOU SEND GIFTS OF MONEY you are just as deFinitely Editorial Staff cleansing the lepers, as is the mdn on the Field who is binding up their wounds dnd witnessing to the love of Christ. Including William H. Boddy, William E. Brooks; Paul Patton AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS Faris, Ralph Cooper Hutchison, 156 Fifth Ave., Room 1119·RW, New York Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. I enclose $ …………. as my CHRISTMAS OFFERING for the lepers.

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$2.50 a year; to ministers, $2.00 s~z…~-T-H-E–BO-A-R-D–O-F -F-O-R-EI-G~N–M-IS-S-IO-N-S-~,~.IT., Special Introductory Offers: DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Laymen, 6 months . . . 51.00 YOUR GIFT NOW Ministers, 8 months . . . 51.00 WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING (Con.dion ond Forelsn Postoge Extro) OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN Makes a Splendid Christmas Gift MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Sample copy of THE BANNER INCOME FOR LIFE free on request. ERNEST P. HALL. Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Send your order to· PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

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StatAment of the ownership, management, Have you considered our special OF THE WORLD etc., required by the Act of Congress of Au~ Christmas offer of two subscriptions gust 24, 1912, of the Missionary Review of for $4.00? Send THE REVIEW to Delavan L. Pierson, Editor (he World, published monthly at Indianapolis, some friend or pastor or missionary as Indiana, for October 1, 1932. a Christmas gift. You will help in _V_o_l_._L_V___DEC., 1932_ _N_o_._1_2 three directioll~-The Cause of Christ, State of New York, County of Westchester, 55: the recipient and THE REVIEW. FRONTISPIECE .. , ……. 626 Here are some reasons. TOPICS OF THE TIMES B('iore me, a notary public, in and for the state and county aforesaid. personally ap.. *** The Aim of Modern Missions rH'an'o Delavan L. Pierson, who. having been The Storm Center in Asia duly sworn according to law, deposes and says "I congratulate you on the China num- Stanley Jones in Manchuria that he is the editor and business manager of ber. It is splendid-comprehensive and Foreign Students in America the Missionary Review of the World, and that constructive. We thank vou for it. I The REVlEW and the Depression the following is, to the best of his knowledge pass on my copies of the REVIEW and belief, a true statement of' the o,vnership, to a clergyman who fairly devours it." THE CHRISTMAS STORY management. etc., of the aforesaid lJubJic:-ltion IN INDIA …………. ,. 631 for the date shown in the above caption, re- HERBERT K. CASKEY, quired by the Act of Congress, August 24, 1912, Asheville, N. C. Irene Mason Harper t'mbotlicd in section 411. Postal Laws and Regulations. *** NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN NEW PERSIA ……… , .633 1. That the names and addresses of the "The REVIEW gets better and better vublisher, editor and business manager are: with every issue. I liked especially R. E. Hoffman your China issue and I believe the Publisher – Missionary Review Publishing November number is even better still." A TRANSLATOR'S EX- Co.• Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, New PERIENCES IN AFRICA.636 York. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., General Secretary, A. W. Banfield Editor and Business Manager-Delavan L. Pierson, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, New World's Sunday School Association. NEW HOPE FOR SPAIN .. 639 York. w. H. Rainey *** 2. That the owners and the names and ad- A FOUR-YEAR-OLD MIS- dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 "In spite of the depression The MIS- SIONARY ………….. 642 per cent or more of total amount of stock are: SIONARY REVIEW OF THE nwner: Mis8ionary Review Publishing Co., WORLD is steadily going ahead not Marie G. Edwards Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York; Stock- only in its new dress but also in its holders: Mrs. Wm. Borden, New York; wealth of usable material for the pas- SOME TWICE BORN CHI- Edwin L. Bulkley, Englewood, N. J.; H. N. tor who would make 'the call of God NESE ……………… 643 Dougherty, New York; D. J. Fleming, New to go into all the world' real to his York; Dr. and Mrs. C. R. Erdman, Princeton, people." Charles Ernest Scott N. J.; S. H. Gillespie, Morristown, N. J.; W. A. Harbison, New York; W. B. Hill, Pough- THE REV. HOWARD A. ADAIR, MILLIONS TRAPPED AND keepsie, N. Y.; Mary 1.. Howard, Hartford, IN PAIN ………… ,' .645 Conn.; Manly R. Hubbs, Huntington, L. 1.; Paterson, N, J. Mrs. A. McD. Kortright, Huntington. L. I.; A. Warburton Davidson R. A, Long, Kansas City, Mo.; Walter Mc- *** Dougall. Upper Montclair, N. J.; D. L. Pier- CHINA'S CALL FOR son, Upper Montclair, N. J.; E. B. D. Pierson, "I sent for a copy of The MISSION- CHRISTIAN DOCTORS. ,647 Upper Montclair, N. J.; James H. Post, New ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD York; S. F. Shattuck, Neenah, Wis.; R. E. and find it is beyond my expectation. Elliott 1. Osgood Speer, New York; Mrs. J, Livingston Taylor, I am very anxious for your October Cleveland, Ohio. number. The magazine will be profit- WHAT SUCCESS IN MAD- able to me through the year, so that I AGASCAR? … , ……. ,649 3. That the known bondbolders. mortgagees am asking you to send it to me." and other security holders owning or holding W. Kendall Gale 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, REV. M. L. BANISTER, mortgages or other securities are: None. Chester, S. C. TALKS WITH THE PIL- GRIMS IN BENARES …. 652 4. That the two paragraphs next above, *** giving the names of the owners, stockholdpTs, J. Chadwick Jackson and security holders, if any, contain not only Readers of The REVIEW will be glad the list of stockholders and security holders as to know that the contents of our A TYPICAL STATION IN they appear upon the books of the company monthly issues will be found indexed CHINA …………. , … 654 but also, in cases where the stockholder or in "The Reader's Guide to Periodical security holder appears upon the books of the Literature," published by the H. W. Lois Anna Ely company as trustee or in any other fiduciary Wilson Company, 950 University Ave- relation, the name of the person or corporation nue, New York. This is available for WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL for whom such trustee is acting, is given; reference in libraries. Don't let this TO THE JEWS? … , …. 656 also that the said two paragraphs contain keep you from subscribing. statements embracing affiant's full knowledge M. Zeidman and belief as to the circumstances and condi- *** tions under which stockholders and security EFFECTIVE WAY S 0 F holders who do not appear upon the books of You are making a splendid magazine, WORKING …………. 659 the company as trustees. hold stock and se- in some respects the most important curities in a capacity other than that of a bona in the country. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association, or MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, WOMEN'S HOME MISSION corporation has any interest dirC'ct or indirect Orlando, Fla. BULLETIN., .. , . . . . . . " .. 662 in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. *** Edited by Anne Seesholtz DELAV AN L. PIERSON. We find THE REVIEW not only in- OUR WORLD-WIDE OUT- Editor and Business 1ianag-er. teresting but a valuable instrument LOOK., ……………. 665 in our study work and we are recom- Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28tJ, mending highly the China and Indian OUR MISSIONARY BOOKday of September, 1932, numbers, SHELF ……………. 676 [SEAL] MARGARET I. MARSTON, INDEX FOR 1932 ………. 679 EDITH ABER, Educational Secretary, Notary Public. National Council, Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St.. Indianapolis, My commission expires March 30, 1934. Protestant Episcopal Church. Indiana A Correction-General Chang'S Editorial and Business Office Testament 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Our attention has been called to an Entered as second-class matter at error on page 543 of our October Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under number where a wrong translation is Act of March 3, 1879. given for the inscription on the Chinese Bible. This should read: "In the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year 15th year of the Republic (1926). Under heaven there is no greater Foreign Postage 50 cents a year classic. Offered to you by Chang Chihchiang"; followed by the seal of Gen- Published monthly-All rights reserved eral Chang. The story of this distin- Copyrighted 1932 by the guished Chinese Christian appears, with his portrait, on pages 604 and MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- 605 of our November number. LISHING CO., INC.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary S.UIl'EL McCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTO" T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS SA~IUEL M. ZWEMER

THE COMING GENERATION-YOUNG WOMEN AND CHILDREN

THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL IN MESHED.

HELPING THE lOOMING GENERATION-BOYS AND TEACHERS IN THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN SCHOOL IN MESHED THE GROWTH OF A NEW CIVILIZATION IN PERSIA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL RF;VIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times THE AIM OF MODERN MISSIONS statement, "is the good news of a Divine act i.n history, of the Word made flesh. Apart from thIS The central aim of missionary work is "the per- there is no Christian mission. In face of the sonal conversion of men to a new life in Christ, powerful anti-Christian forces operating in the to complete surrender to God and to new ~elations world today, we reaffirm our faith that the reveof love with their fellow-men." This statement lation of God in Christ is the only way of deliverwas issued by the International Missionary Coun- ance for mankind, and that alone can provide the cil at its meeting in Herrnhut, Germany, last July. foundation for an order of society that will be Representatives of twenty-five different nations according to the will of God." were present, including Christians from the mission fields, as well as representatives of mission Everything in the missionary activity of the boards in the West, so that the findings may be Protestant Church should serve the one dominant taken to represent evangelical missionary think- purpose of making clear the reality of Jesus ing around the world. All Christian missionary Christ and His full Message, with all its implicawork~educational, medical, industrial and liter- tions. ary-is recognized as subordinate to the central purpose of "making clear the message of Jesus The task is one, though the forms in which it Christ in all its fulness." must be carried to completion are many. "A liv- ing faith must show its effects and fruits in every The expansion of western civilization through- department of human life. We must not shrink out the world is disintegrating the traditional from an uncompromising protest against all that thought and customs among these backward is un-Christian in modern thought and life." peoples. Millions have scarcely the bare necessities of life, though God has provided an abundant Human powers are wholly inadequate for the supply. All are weary of international disputes, tasks before us. The Holy Spirit must inspire and racial hatreds, bitter controversies and communal empower us, enlightening our souls "with celestial strife. Men are increasingly rebellious against fire." economic schemes which tend to concentrate the wealth of the world in the hands of a few and to One of the many hindrances to the fulfilment of exploit the masses for private gain. The youth the distinctive missionary purpose is the disagreeof today are being captivated by theories and ment between the Gospel and modern conception programs which do not derive their force and of the nature and destiny of man. It is part of authority from the Gospel and yet are exercising the world mission of the Church to examine, in over the minds and conduct of men an influence the light of the Gospel, the whole system of values often more extended and more revolutionary than on which the economic order and civilization rest. the Christian Church. It is a time for true repentance and regeneration. The committee at Herrnhut recommended: The Christian Church must face this situation 1. That the officers of the Council continue to enlist the courageously. Our missionary task is to make help of the best Christian minds in the world mission known by word and by life God's revelation of Himself and of His Way of Life through Jesus of Christianity, with a view to a more direct and effec- Christ. Personal piety, good advice, modern philosophies and human programs of reform are tive attack on non-Christian principles of thought and not sufficient to meet the needs of the world. What Christians have to give, says the Herrnhut action in the modern world; 2. That encouragement be given to the formation of groups in the different countries for the study of the Christian Message in relation to non-Christian forces; 3. That steps be taken to enable outstanding Christian thinkers in Europe and America to visit the important fields to lecture on Christianity and to discuss these questions with small groups; 4. That we keep in view the possibility of providing in- creased facilities for members of the younger Churches, [627 ]

who possess the necessary initial equipment, to pursue parently ready to face ostracism and world-wide their studies in the West and so avail themselves of the antagonism rather than acknowledge her error best help that the older Churches can give. and to give up personal control of the State she has brought into being. As in the case of Ger- The responsibility for meeting the challenge of many before the World War, militarists, whether modern thought belongs to the Christian Church right or wrong, are accused of refusing to allow as a whole. Much of the work done in this field treaties and the court of world opinion to turn is being done by other agencies. Anti-Christian elements in western civilization are everywhere them from their course. penetrating the mission field and creating serious The Lytton Commission of the League of Naobstacles to the advance of the Gospel. tions, which has been studying the situation on It is hoped that from the direction of mission- the ground, has now published its report which ary thought to these questions, from international finds Japan at fault in her disregard for China's contacts between individuals and groups, and from sovereignty and for her disregard of treaty oblithe meeting of informal groups in which the help gations. The Lytton report is thorough, fair and of leading Christian thinkers is enlisted, there diplomatic, acknowledging the provocation to may result a growing clarification of thought Japan and the need for readjustments, while seekwhich God may use for the vitalization 9f the ing a peaceful settlement of the difficulties. Ten whole ,missionary movement. principles are laid down which, if accepted by the contestants, would promote peace and contribute As to the task of evangelism, there is an urgent to the welfare of China and Japan and the develcall to a bolder and more convincing presentation opment of Manchuria. These principles include of Christ and His Message. The world is in des- the following points: perate need of regeneration. Christ calls men to a complete conversion of the mind and to a radi- 1. Settlement compatible with the interests of both China cally new life. Our evangelistic task is so to pre- and Japan. sent Christ to men that they will be confronted with the necessity of a real decision. The Churches 2. Consideration for the interests of the Soviet Union. and missions must cooperate in a more earnest 3. Observance of the League of Nations covenant, Kelevangelistic endeavor. The Herrnhut statement says: logg-Briand pact and Nine-Power treaty. 4. Recognition of the rights and interests of Japan in Our aim is the personal conversion of men to a new life in Christ,' to complete surrender to God, and to new rela- Manchuria. tions of love with their fellow-men. From a true conver- 5. New treaties to restate the respective rights, intersion of heart and mind there must follow a new discernment of ways of living that are in accordance with the ests and responsibilities of both China and Japan in mind of Christ, and a new determination to wage war on Manchuria. the evils of society and to redress the wrongs of the world. 6. Provision for prompt settlement of minor disputes as they arise. We recommend that the National Christian Councils be 7. The Manchurian Government modified to acknowledge invited to undertake, and to encourage the Churches and the sovereignty of China, and secure a large measure missions in their areas to undertake, a fresh study of the of autonomy. methods of evangelism best suited for reaching different 8. Order in Manchuria maintained by gendarmerie, by classes of people; and that the officers of the International the withdrawal of other armed forces, and by non- Missionary Council include among their major tasks the aggression treaties. assisting and coordinating of such studies. 9. A new commercial treaty between China and Japan to promote equitable commercial relations between the This statement of the Primary Aim of Chris- two countries. tian Missions is especially timely in view of the 10. Temporary international cooperation in the reconrecent report of the Appraisal Commission of the struction of China. Laymen's Foreign Missionary Inquiry. The impartiality of this report is indicated by THE STORM CENTER IN ASIA the fact that both Japan and China consider it unsatisfactory. Japan declares that she will not War is caused generally by pride, covetousness, retreat from her position; China objects because ambition, misunderstandings and fear rather Manchuria is not returned to her unequivocally than by a spirit of active hostility and premedi- and she rejects the suggestion of international cotated aggression. Japan and China are both operation in her own national reconstruction. strong nations and should be friends but irritations have stirred up strife. Having entered on There is hope that Japan will yet be guided by a campaign to control Manchuria through a pup- wisdom rather than by pride and that some way pet government, japan is unwilling to retreat. The may be found to preserve her interests in a way opinion of the civilized world condemns Japan's compatible with justice to the Chinese and to the militaristic program in the newly formed state of welfare of Manchuria. In the meantime de- Manchukuo but the Japanese Government is ap- sultory fighting continues in the disputed terri- tory; Japan is expending huge sums which she can ill afford; her foreign trade has fallen off so that she faces bankruptcy; social unrest grows among her own people and international compli-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

cations threaten her life. The Japanese are a up and down the lines while airplanes buzz over- virile and a capable people and there are forces head looking for roving bands … I was told from working in the Empire for peace and interna- reliable sources that banditry is now a hundred tional justice that may yet make their influence times worse than it was under the old rule …

felt. If China can set her own house in order, The country outside the railway center is chaos her neighbors will be more eager to preserve … Militarism is not only wicked, it is stupid!"

friendly relations. There must be agreement be- FOREIGN STUDENTS IN AMERICA tween China and Japan before they can walk to- gether in peace. Over three thousand foreign students are in America each year expecting to return to their STANLEY JONES IN MANCHURIA home lands to fill positions of leadership in politi- cal, business, industrial and educational spheres. In the midst of civil warfare, Dr. E. Stanley Jones Most of these students represent the cream of the has conducted his first meetings in the China nations from which they come, though some are Evangelistic Campaign. In Mukden, "the center radical and undesirable. About one-third are of war-torn Manchuria," he found that the J ap- supported by their home governments and by anese had closed temporarily all schools and col- scholarships; another third come with money leges, except the mission schools. Many Chinese supplied by parents and friends. The remaining business men and foreigners had fled to escape third must depend on part-time and vacation emdanger and chaos. During a meeting to 'welcome ployment in America to meet expenses. Among Dr. Jones a Japanese airplane swooped low to these are the most earnest and desirable class. A investigate the nature of the gathering. Dr. Jones loss of opportunity to work their way will be a says: great handicap and may necessitate their return "One night seven hundred Manchukuo troops home. This will be a distinct set-back to the promutinied, killed their Japanese officers and burned motion of international understanding and goodthe arsenal and thirteen airplanes … Two nights will. later there was worse firing and some mission- In the present distress in America, due to unaries sat up all night with bullets whistling around employment, it has seemed to the Government their houses … Yet we carried on evangelistic officials in the Department of Labor that employmeetings during the day and night as though ment must first be provided for American citinothing were happening … The Chinese Chris- zens. According to a recent ruling by Secretary tians were wonderful in their poise. Many had Doak, foreign students, admitted on a non-quota come from bandit-infested regions and would basis, are forbidden to engage in any gainful emprobably lose all before getting back home, but ployment to help finance their education. This they carried on with cheerfulness and courage. ruling, no doubt due to the present unemployment … They laid their plans day by day for building situation, will, however, permit students to do odd this new Kingdom of God on the ruins of the old jobs in the houses where they live, but it prohibits kingdom. them from receiving wages for work which might "The morning meetings were for Christian give employment to American citizens. leaders who came from all over Manchuria. At Student leaders in many American institutions night the meetings were for non-Christians, affected by this ruling have sent protests to Secmostly intellectuals. The gates of the city were retary Doak quoting the objection of President closed at seven, so that many had to get through Livingston Farrand of Cornell that the ruling is the gates ·or remain outside all night. Yet they unfair, short-sighted and unwise. came and packed the building. When, after five Dr. Frederick B. Robinson, President of City nights of unfolding the meaning of the Gospel, I College, New York, says: asked those who would like to become Christians One of the most potent agencies for the promotion of to sign cards, two hundred and fifty did so. international understanding and good-will is the inter- "Conditions have changed in China since I was change of professors and students … To construe student here ten years ago. The soul of China has ma- part-time employment as labor, incompatible with the stu- tured. She is facing the deeper issues. The youth dents' privileges of study, is unwise and lacking in considare today most interested when one is dealing with the really great things of life. eration … The amount of work they can do is automati- cally limited by the requirements of the colleges them- "Japan is only very nominally holding Man- selves, and it is part of their educational experience. Its influence on our labor problem is negligible and the period churia as a whole. She controls only the railways of residence is limited … It is to be hoped that the law. and about 4,000 square miles out of 375,000 square will be interpreted broadly and generously.

miles of the country. Every railway station is Charles D. Hurrey, General Secretary of the like a fortress; camouflaged armored trains move Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign

Students, writes to us as follows, on the influence Peking Union Medical College, they were warmly of Secretary Doak's ruling: welcomed at International House and at other functions in their honor. One of the greatest Students from the Orient (excepting Filipinos), and needs of these foreign students in America is that those from Europe, Africa and almost everywhere (ex- they be brought into close touch with Christian cept Latin America), are threatened with deportation if homes and institutions and be shown the best that they work for money wages. Those who arrived in the our land and people can offer. United States before August 1, 1932, are allowed to work in the college community in partial payment for room, THE REVIEW AND THE DEPRESSION meals and tuition-but not for dollars. They may also do such work in vacations but not for money. Companionship in trial is good for the soul. The present financial depression has not passed us by, All foreign students are required to carry at least twelve but has threatened the very existence of the hours per week of college work in an approved institution REVIEW. In spite of drastic cuts in expenses, and of higher learning. The Department of Labor will prob- the help of many noble friends, the expense and ably not deport any foreign student who maintains his income would not balance. We were determined student status even if he is earning some money by preach- to avoid going into debt. What could be done- ing, lecturing, writing, or other legitimate student work. slowly starve, die by hara kiri, or seek rejuvena- tion. It is difficult. to make a ruling that would be uniformly just. I am convinced, however, that our government is These are days of crisis in religious and mis- right in insisting that each foreign student shall satisfy sionary spheres, at home and abroad. The evanhis nearest United States Consul that he is coming here gelical and evangelistic note in Christian missions as a bona fide student and that he has sufficient financial needs to be emphasized rather than silenced. The resources to cover his expenses; also that no student should REVIEW stands firmly for Christ as the Son of be admitted from a country that stipulates that he cannot God and the Saviour of men and for New Testa- return to that country (as, for example, Armenians from ment faith and works. It is the organ, not of any Turkey, Greece or Syria, White Russians from France or sect or organization or group of organizations, Czechoslovakia). All foreign students should be urged to but of a cause-the greatest cause-that of winhold in reserve sufficient funds to cover minimum cost of ning all men to Christ and His Way of Life. Our return passage. Exceptions should be made for such for- reason for existence is to promote the Christian eign students as are in distress due to circumstances be- campaign, to spread the knowledge of Christ and yond their control, e.g., earthquake, revolution, and illness. to extend His control over the hearts and minds In all such cases the student should be required to give and lives of all races and nations. proof of the truth of his story, and, wherever possible, should earn his way out, rather than receive a charity The REVIEW should continue, but how? Many gift. Loans to foreign students are seldom repaid by them letters of appreciation recently received have and consequently promote an unfriendly feeling. Students strengthened the conviction of the Editor and should be required to present references (at least from two Directors that the voice of the REVIEW should not of their professors) so that one may inquire concerning be silenced: the character, ability and record, before deciding whether to grant help. In cases of threatened deportation, the After much careful study and prayer a way has government might parole students in care of some welfare providentially been opened to continue to serve agency which would assume responsibility for seeing that the cause without lowering the standards. After such students returned home within a given time. December first the publication office is being moved to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and the edi- There are many good reasons for welcoming torial office to Upper Montclair, New Jersey. The foreign students to America and for offering them REVIEW will continue as a world-wide, interdeevery facility for study under friendly conditions. nominational, independent monthly and the Board It seems, however, that tne American Government of Directors and editorial council will cooperate is justified in taking any steps necessary to pre- to make it as effective and as widely useful as vent these students from further increasing un- possible. If the circulation could be increased to employment. The law should be intelligently and 25,000 (less than one in a 1,000 of Protestant benevolently applied. church members in America) we believe that the financial problem of the REVIEW could be solved. Needy, diligent, desirable students should not It is as difficult to publish a worthwhile magazine be prevented from their studies. Such a ruling without financial support as it is to maintain a would have barred from the United States many family without food. The economic situation has of the best students of the past-such as Kagawa disturbed the financial balance sheet, but the spiof Japan, Paik of Korea and others from China, ritual resources are unimpaired. We thank God India, Latin America and Europe. and take courage for a new advance.

Many efforts are made to make incoming oriental and other foreign students feel at home in America. The Student Division of the National Council of the Y. M. C. A., the National Students' League and the Committee on Foreign Students .are very active in this respect. Recently when a party of seventeen Chinese students arrived in San Francisco, headed by Dr. Y. Y. Tsu, of the

by H. R

A FAMILIAR SCENE IN A PUNJAB VILLAGE. NORTH INDIA The Christmas Story In India .. =l{ By IRENE MASON HARPER. Moga, India ):..

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Since 1914 W HEN the occidental reader enjoys the the villages, that I have made note of some of familiar story of Jesus' birth, or any other the familiar village sights that illuminate the Bible story, he needs help of study and Christmas story. imagination to get a vivid picture. The children in America and England have never seen houses Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of like those in which the people of the Bible lived, Judaea in the days of Herod the King, behold, nor used lamps like theirs. In teaching these Wise-men from the East came to Jerusalem, saystories to American children we must therefore ing, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? provide pictures or take the class to a museum. for we saw his star in the East and are come to . worship him. MATT. 2 :1-2. Not so the Bible teacher in India. There the story is vivid, for its details are seen all around. There is nothing strange to the Indian mind in If the class dramatizes the Bible lesson, no change learned and wealthy men taking such a long of costume is necessary. In accessories and spirit journey for such a purpose. Pilgrimage is familthe story is oriental and hence familiar. This new iar. Religious men continually pass through the vividness of Bible narratives has given me so villages on theIr way to distant shrines. Some much pleasure during the years in my home in of them are seeking a spiritual boon, and will India, especially when I have spent Christmas in sacrifice much to perform some special act of worship. Those of the Hindu faith who are truly [631 ]

searching for God readily understand the quest of another, as representative of all, with great cerethe Wise-men. mony laid in her tiny hands two bright silver rupees. And they came into the house and saw the young child with Mary his mother. MATT. 2 :11. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, to the city of One day we went to see a baby five days old in David, which is called Bethlehem. LUKE 2 :4. the village of B–. Crossing the sun-baked space before the home, we elbowed aside the oxen We see many a picture of such a journey along and asses eating from the manger against the the rough paths of our district. Often we meet a house wall, stooped through the low door, and little company, a tall black-haired man, his long entered the one room of the little mud hut. When draperies swishing about his muscular legs as he our smarting eyes were a little used to the smoke walks, and behind, on a small donkey, the slight young wife, her soft head-drapery partly conceal- Photograph by H. R. Ferger. ing her face. Doubtless they are going back to INDIA ILLUSTRATING THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT the ancestral village. All their luggage is a couple of brass vessels and a small bundle or two slung of the cooking fire, we could see against the across the donkey's back. Food for the journey shadowy background of the rough bare walls a is tied in the corner of the wife's shawl. lovely picture. The mother was seated on a low stool, her clothing, dull in color but gracefully And she brought forth her first born son and draped, shrouding herself and the tiny infant. laid him in a manger. LUKE 2 :7. The red glow of the charcoal fire shone on her face bent low above the child. In such a setting The boys and girls of our village would not shepherds and wise-men "came into the house," understand Luther's Cradle Hymn, and saw the Babe whose birth brought hope to the depressed and handicapped, like this wee "un- Away in a manger, touchable" in a Panjab village. No crib for his bed, And opening their treasures they offered unto The little Lord Jesus, him gifts. MATT. 2 :11. Laid down his sweet head, A common birth custom. I remember when a for the babies they know never have cribs or group of village Christians came to greet our dainty beds. They just lie on the floor or on a first-born. One old man took her· in his arms and cotton rug spread on the rope bed of the family. I never saw one lying in a manger, but the mangers are often the size and shape of a baby's crib!

And the glory of the Lord shone round about them. LUKE 2 :9.

What beautiful nights we have in our village! The stars always seem nearer and more brilliant than they do in America. As we sat on Christmas Eve, in the midst of a village Christian group, their happy, upturned faces lighted by those wonderful stars, I thought, "It must have been just such a night as this!" It seemed as if some of the glory of His coming shone around the people as their strange haunting melody rang out in the quiet night, "Raja Raja aya"-The King, the King has come.

Yes, the "old, old story" is easy for the village people of India to understand-if they hear it. "But how shall they hear without a preacher, and how shall they preach unless they be sent?"

Do Foreign Missions Pay?

One of the best answers ever given to this question was that· of the converted Brahmin, Narayan Sheshadri, before an audience in Philadelphia. His reply was to this effect: "This cultur~ audience convinces me that missions pay. Long after India had reached a high state of civilization, your ancestors were barbarous and degraded heathen. It was foreign missions in the early days of Christianity that lifted them out of this state, and gave them and you, their descendants, the Christian civi- lization and enlightenment you now enjoy. You owe what you are to foreign missions."

What has been done for us, Christ can and will do for others in "all the world."

NeW" Opportunities in NeW"

By R. E. HOFFMAN, M. D. j:..

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

T HE six years since the accession to the write, and they were chiefly the religious mullahs. throne of the present king, Reza Shah Pah- Now schools of modern type are multiplying, and lavi, have seen a rapid awakening of this the newly educated are hungrily devouring everyancient land which had lain so long dormant, thing in print: local newspapers, religious liter- apart from the rushing world. Modern trans- ature, novels translated from the French, Russian portation, modern schools and hospitals, modern and English, books on travel, lurid advertise- ways of living and a new patriotism under a pro- ments of automobiles and facial creams and pat- gressive ruler, are displacing the old isolation, ent medicines! There are schools for girls also, ancient Arabic learning, strict veiling of women, and literature for women is in demand. Those old corrupt dynasty and control for twelve cen- who can not read are eager to hear, and often one turies by the religious Mohammedan mullahs. man may be seen reading to a roomful of illiter- The rapidity of these changes has thrust forward ates who hang eagerly on every word. All teach- a host of new problems that are baffling to the re- ing in primary schools must be given in the Per- organized government, which deserves the sym- sian language; and this is further unifying the pathy and cooperation of all lovers of progress. nation by eliminating Turkish, Armenian, Kur- Certain features of the awakening are the follow- dish and other smaller tongues.

ing: For a hundred years Christian missionaries 1. Transportation has changed completely. have conducted schools in Persia and some of Motor roads are being built with feverish haste. these have grown to considerable size. These Wide, straight avenues are cutting their way schools are now found in ten principal cities. ruthlessly through the old cities, with their maze Their graduates hold many positions of leadership of narrow, winding alleys; sacred graveyards are in the government, and are of great value as being torn up and the gravestones used to build teachers in the public schools. Now their opporsidewalks. Telegraph and telephone, mail serv- tunity is greater than ever before for influencing ice by motor car and airplane have brought in a still more deeply and vitally the thinking of an flood of new interests. More Persians are visit- entire nation, not only in their classrooms but ing foreign lands and more foreigners are com- through religious, health and economic literature ing to Persia every year. A journey of 500 miles of a sound kind. The Russian Bolsheviks are used to require two weeks by carriage or nearly carrying on extensive· propaganda.

a month by caravan, but now takes but two days by automobile or four hours by airplane. Com- III. Great Social and Political Changes are munities were so widely isolated by deserts that taking place. Every Persian male subject must each lived its own provincial life, but have sud- wear the new Pahlavi cap, which has a visor, a denly been brought close together by the miracle thing always abhorrent to strict Mohammedans.

of modern transportation, and now this land of The turban is forbidden, except to a few with vast open spaces has become a nation! New written permits to wear it, who are engaged in ideas and new customs spread like wildfire. Fur- strictly religious study or work. There is increas- ther united by a common language and led by a ing freedom of women, many of whom are adopt- strong ruler for the achievement of a common ing European dress, attending school, traveling, destiny, this nation of only ten million people is becoming teachers and nurses, and taking an in- moving more rapidly than China or India with terest in public.affairs. A woman's auxiliary of their unwieldy hundreds of millions. the Society of the "Red Lion and Sun" (Persian Red Cross) was recently organized. Cinema II. Education is capturing the land. Twenty houses are springing up and showing Russian, years ago a mere 6 % of the people could read and German and American films-and the worst of [633 ]

these are the American wild west, gangster and ing that one need not wonder at the poverty. The other cheap films. The people are rapidly dividing economic value of human life and health is fully into two classes; those who can afford it are adopt- recognized by our own courts. Negligence coning western costumes and furniture, phonographs, tributing to injury or death is punishable by fine. stoves, pianos, private cars, liquors, tables and The Supreme Court of California granted $33,000 chairs, knives and forks; while those who are poor damages to 19 plaintiffs who had suffered from still hold on to the old, sitting on the floor, eating typhoid fever because of the bad water supply of with the fingers, riding on donkeys. Whether this the city of Pittsburg, California. Malaria was adoption of Western ways is a beneficial thing is one of the main reasons for the economic stagnaan academic question; the movement can not be tion of many southern states. The usual methchecked, and the American automobile is chiefly ods of screening, drainage and treatment emto blame. But it would seem that we ought to ployed by the Rockefeller Health Board cost 45 be friendly enough to point out to these learners cents to $1.00 per capita, and resulted in a comthe good, and warn against the evil, in the new plete economic change over large areas. Savings and dangerous things of our modern life. like this in Persia would increase the economic value of the individual citizen and accompanied The government is a limited monarchy. Mem- by health education, would enable him to live a bers of the Majliss (parliament) are elected by healthy life. If the lame, halt and blind could popular vote. Ministers and governors of the be rehabilitated instead of becoming beggars, if provinces are appointed by the Shah (king). Civil school children could have teeth attended to, eyes courts of justice have been established independ- refracted, and other defects corrected in their ent of the Mohammedan mujtahids (judges). early years, what a difference it would make in Extra-territoriality was abolished in 1927, and the public health and, very soon, in the standard foreigners must now be tried in the Persian of living! courts. The army has been modernized and is well drilled. There is compulsory military serv- In the old days of isolation, the minds of the ice of two years but students in recognized people were impervious to new teachings; the schools are exempt. The police are well organ- mullahs ruled the land and fanatically opposed all ized in all cities, and a system of road guards innovations. Ceremonial purity hopelessly conkeeps the highways safe for travel. New laws fused the health question; all running water was are legion, and whether they emanate from the pure; fatalism taught that every child must bring majliss, a minister or a local official they are im- out its smallpox, and 25 % of them died in the mediately enforced by the police so far as possi- process; disease was caused by the "evil eye," and ble. An effort is made to balance the national should be warded off by charms. Christianity budget, for the first time in centuries. was abhorred as standing for polytheism, the eat- ing of pork and drinking of wine, the wearing of IV. Poverty and disease go hand in hand. The European clothing, immorality of women (unveilpoverty of Persia is great. Probably 50 % of the ing), gambling, and war against Mohammedans. population have no assurance of tomorrow's In medicine the old "Hakims" (herb-doctors) bread, have insufficient clothing for the cold win- held the field. They attempted no surgery or ters, are unable to lay by anything for the fu- preventive medicine, but relied on herbs and diet. ture, and have nowhere to turn in illness or old age. The day laborer's wage is 15 to 40 cents, The new day has destroyed confidence in the old and there is much unemployment. The old feudal beliefs and made the people hungry for modern system grinds the peasants into the very soil. To medicine. I know several of the old Hakims who add to the difficulties, the national currency is on have sent their sons to Europe for medical educathe silver basis and has greatly depreciated re- tion. New hospitals are being built and old ones cently so that prices have gone up while wages improved so that in many cities very creditable have not. buildings and equipment are to be found. The Government Health Department is maintaining The ignorance of sanitary laws among the com- its doctors in all the cities of the land who report mon people is on a par with the poverty; in fact, epidemics, vaccinate the children for smallpox it is a chief cause of the poverty. There is no and supervise the health work of the place. The isolation of contagious diseases, no anti-tubercu- department regulates the practice of medicine, losis work, no popular sentiment supporting re- pharmacy and dentistry and is attempting to colform. Typhoid and typhus are endemic, malaria is prevalent, trachoma afflicts a large part of the lect vital statistics. population. There are so few doctors that 90 % of the ill never call a doctor at all. V. Americans in Persia, until recently, were our political representatives and the missiona- The economic waste from disease is so appall- ries. The American missionaries have worked

NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN NEW PERSIA

almost exclusively in the north for a century, other organizations interested in the welfare of and now number nearly one hundred, including mankind, who could carryon limited projects in seventeen well qualified physicians and seven cooperation with both the Persian Health Departgraduate trained nurses. Their hospitals and ment and the missionary hospitals. schools were the best in the land and the foreign doctor enjoyed a peculiar prestige. People come The present wave of patriotism is exalting hundreds of miles for treatment, and tales of the things Persian, and belittling everything foreign. wonderful cures fill the land. These hospitals Not only is American prestige sharing in this dehave large dispensaries and do much general sur- cline, but the wave of "Uncle Shylock" feeling gery. In the old days they could not do much from Europe can be felt even to Persia. Our health teaching, for no one would listen, yet they films are suggesting to the Persians that Amerihave done a little in the field of preventive medi- can life consists chiefly of cow-punching, rescuing cine. They promoted smallpox vaccination for abducted girls, gangster warfare and walking like many years, until it was taken over by the Health Charlie Chaplin. The newspapers help in this in- Department of the government. They adminis- forming about American life by featuring such tered American Red Cross relief in times of earth- things as Chicago gunmen, lynchings, crooks in government life, murder trials and violation of the prohibition amendment. It is certainly the duty of patriotic Americans to promote as many useful, sane American contacts as possible, if only to counteract the bad advertising of the cheap cinema and sensational newspaper.

From "Women and Missions." VI. Some Problems and Oppo'rtunities may be mentioned, fields where the new government A STREET SCENE IN MODERN PERSIA greatly needs help, and help of a sort which Americans are especially fitted to render. quake and famine; now the Persian Society of the Red Lion and Sun occupies this field. A colony 1. A complete health survey of the whole land of lepers at Meshed is supported by the Moham- would be of great value in the more intelligent medan Shrine, but is given medical treatment by planning of every health project. Such a survey the missionary doctors, aided by the American should be made at once. Mission to Lepers, all working in cooperation. Recently health lectures have been given through 2. Literature on a wide variety of health suba cooperative arrangement between the mission- j~cts is needed, and if it is high class and wisely ary doctors, the government Department of Edu- distributed would be read eagerly by the newly cation and some local Persian physicians. educated thousands; such literature is available in abundance in English, so that the problem Because of the new Health Department and So- would be largely one of careful selection, translaciety of the Red Lion and Sun and the increasing tion into Persian, printing, and distribution. number of modern trained doctors, these hospitals face a new situation. They must modify 3. Various kinds of workers should be trained. their program to be most helpful to the govern- Physicians in public health work; social service ment's program, and are studying ways to do this. workers; midwives; nurses; hospital technicians. Possibly they can profitably give their attention Each type of worker presents a peculiar problem. more and more to preventive medicine, health teaching and specific, limited fields of work, like 4. Projects in demonstrating the care of cercampaigns against certain diseases, such as tuber- tain specific disease types would be of large value culosis, venereal diseases or trachoma, and in the if wisely conduded; such as a project in the care training of various types of medical workers. The of children with "surgical" tuberculosis, the opportunity should be inviting also to certain blind, lepers-this is being done at Meshed.

5. A skilled and resourceful American phar- macist attached to one of the Presbyterian hos- pitals could render important help to all the mis- sionary hospitals in the preparation and purchase of supplies, and to the government program in promoting the use of native remedies instead of imported drugs.

6. In the realms of child welfare and social service are inviting opportunities to set in motion influences for the improvement of living condi- tions.

A Translator's Experiences in

By the REV. A. W. BANFIELD, Lagos, Nigeria West Africa Secretary for the British and Foreign Bible Society ~PERIOD of twenty-five years in the prime stracts all kinds of help, and surrounded by a. of one's life is a long time to spend on one group of interested native helpers, each doing his task. These years of toil will either make utmost to assist in the translation.

or break a man. They will either harden or mel- Such is a dream picture; the reality is quite dif- low him. They will either reduce him to a mere ferent. The translator is a missionary who sits machine, or give him a world vision. If this task behind a table, but with no stack of books, unless has to do with God and eter- he has entered into the labors nal things, the man cannot be of others. Instead of alert, in- the same at the end as at the How would you go about the terested natives, the missionary beginning. task of learning a strange must do his utmost to keep his To study the sayings of language never yet reduced teacher interested and awake.

Jesus Christ, word by word, to writing? How would you One day a missionary took a and His wonderful miracles, undertake to translate Chris- photograph of his teacher fast to examine carefully the his- tian truth into a heathen asleep. When shown the pic- tories and prophecies of the tongue? What words would ture, the teacher said he was "holy men of God who spake as you use for God, love, salva- not asleep, but was simply they were moved by the Holy tion, holiness if the people meditating. The missionary's Spirit," to catch something of into whose language you are burning desire to translate the the power and inspiration of translating the Bible ,have no Word of God may not be his the message of the Bible, to be words to express these ideas? teacher's desire, especially if it carried away by the greatness Mr. Banfield describes the ro- is a new field. In fact, the de- and sacredness of the task al- mance and realities of Bible sire to learn and translate a lotted, is to be rewarded a hun- translation in Africa. book into their language is dredfold for all the time and often misunderstood.

prayer and toil spent. The During my years of language past twenty-five years have been the most fruitful study, I never had a teacher who could understand and the most blessed years of my life. The task a word of English, or who could even read in his which I have completed has been my heart's great own language. Now after twenty-five years, I desire and the propelling power of my life. This have completed a translation of the entire Bible God-given ambition has taken complete possession into the Nupe language, spoken by half a million of me, and has never left me day or night. people in Nigeria. While engaged in this task, I During the first years of language study in also compiled and printed a dictionary of the lan- Nupe, one of the most difficult of intoned African guage in two volumes of over thirteen thousand languages, I laid aside everything that might dis- words, wrote a grammar of 186 pages; collected tract my thoughts and even set aside all other and published a book containing 623 Nupe pro- reading. For two years I never read a paper or verbs; besides preparing many primers, hymnals, book in English, with the exception of my Bible. catechisms, text books, etc. And all these years I literally spoke, thought and dreamed in the diffi- I was secretary of my Mission, I built five mission cult language I was studying. stations in five different centres, doing much of Generally one who reads that a portion of the this work with my own hands. At different times, Bible has been translated into an African lan- I lived in these stations and traveled extensively.

guage, knows little or nothing of the years of The following notes from my diaries indicate preparation and toil before the work is attempted. some of the circumstances under which the trans- Perhaps he pictures a missionary sitting at a table lation of the Bible was made. The very first behind a huge stack of books from which he ab- verses of the Bible were translated in a little [ 636 ] grass hut in Patigi in July, 1902, where I lived a point to take my books along with me. For infor more than a year. The last verses were com- stance, my diary shows that the book of Psalms pleted on board a ship off the West Coast of Africa was typed off in 1918 while I was a passenger on a in July, 1927. Experiences between these two French frigate for twenty-one days between Dadates would fill volumes. homey and the Congo.

I first came to Nigeria in 1901, as one of the During 1918, my typewriter, books and clothes, four pioneer members of the Sudan Interior Mis- in fact all my boxes, floated about for a day in a sion. While on board the ship traveling out to native canoe half-full of water, while traveling on the West Coast of Africa, the doctor told the the Congo River. During the same journey, when leader of our party that they would bury me in my life was in danger in a cannibal village, I left six months. Now I am the only one of that party all my loads by the roadside and ran for over a alive. Two were invalided home inside of eight- day. My loads were eventually brought in to me een months; the other member died on the field three days later by a company of soldiers. At an- other time, all my boxes were dropped in the sea in 1903. off Sekendi, on the West African Coast. I nar- St. John's Gospel was the first book to be trans- rowly escaped the experience myself. When I came on board and complained to the ship's caplated-first in picked sentences, which were read tain, his reply was: "Lucky dog you are on board to the laborers then at work on our mud houses, at all." and later on in picked chapters, used in the same way, and in our little grass chapel. Each portion of the Bible is written off by hand four times and read through at least fifteen times In 1906, at Patigi on the Niger River, seven before the book is completed. I usually make missionaries representing three societies formed seven copies when I type off a book. One copy is a Nupe .Language Conference, and I was asked to interleaved and circulated among the members of prepare a translation of the four Gospels in Nupe. the Nupe Language Conference, who make their These Gospels were translated in Shenga, and suggestions or alterations on the interleaved after being passed by the Nupe Conference, were sheets. This copy is often in circulation for a printed by the British and Foreign Bible Society period of three years or more before it comes in 1908. This book was a great boon to our mis- back. It is then revised, retyped, and prepared sion work and was used as a text book in our for the press. Five copies are sent out to five schools. The children soon read the four Gospels Nupe mission stations to be used in daily readthrough many times and begged for more books ings. The remaining copy is for my own use. in their language. The choice of book to be translated is based on The Acts was next translated, printed by the the urgent need of that particular book.. Primi- Bible Society in 1912. It is comparatively easy tive peoples dearly love the historical narrative of to translate the Story of Jesus as given in the the Bible. They have so much in common with Gospels, but it is quite a different matter to trans- these old writings; in fact, millions of them are late the doctrines of St. Paul or St. James. living today under conditions resembling those that existed in the days of Abraham. Slowly, a Christian vocabulary was coined and compiled. Suitable words were tried out and In 1909, a beginning was made of a translation adopted for faith, sin, heaven, righteousness, etc. of the Old Testament, remembering that the Many difficult religious words were held in abey- Christians in these parts are not content with ance, and substitutes used. Even now, after "half a Bible," as they call the New Testament, twenty-five years, some of these words are still in but insist on having the whole Word of God which, abeyance. they affirm, will bring them all the blessings of God. Genesis, Exodus, Joshua, Judges and Ruth So great was the demand for portions of the were translated in this order. In 1923, I made a Word of God that two illustrated volumes of 370 tour of four months, traveling over a thousand pages, one containing 58 Old Testament stories, miles into Nigeria. During one stage of this and the other 60 from the New Testament, were journey I spent seventeen days in a canoe, being published in 1914. These stories were told in the poled up the Benue River. I had my books with words of the Scriptures, so that later when the me and, while alone for days and days without entire Bible should appear there would be no dif- seeing another white person, I translated the book ference in them. At different intervals during of Nehemiah. I was able to understand this wonthese twenty-five years, one or other of the books derful man of God better in these few days than of the Old Testament was translated, typewritten ever before. Oh, for men like Nehemiah in these and circulated. days! In 1915, I was appointed Secretary for the Brit- The mosquitoes and flying insects were so nuish and Foreign Bible Society for West Africa, and my time was much taken up in traveling throughout this vast agency, but I always made it

merous and various during the daytime that I was house was struck by the lightning. I was able to compelled to put up my mosquito net inside the save some of my traveling kit, but lost more than canoe and sit under it in order to do any work at half of it, including the first forty chapters of the all. Outside my net at night the hum sounded book of Isaiah, and the Bible that I had carried like a band. I have traveled hundreds of days in with me more than half way across Africa. It canoes on these rivers, and slept on the sandbanks would have been a strange providence if I had at night, but I do not remember ever having be- perished in the fire, having been brought all the fore seen geese, ducks, teal, and other wild birds way back for burial to my first station which I in such great numbers on the sandbanks. There had built twenty years before to the day. The were thousands in a single flock, and we were able people said when they came to sympathize with to get so close to them that my canoemen threw us: "If God did not love you, you would never sticks at them hoping to kill a few in that way. have got out of that burning building alive." One night, while sleeping on a sandbank during full moon, a huge hippopotamus came up out of My diary shows that the book of Ezekiel was the river onto the bank where I was sleeping and started on board a ship and completed on the walked round my camp bed. After he had satis- Sahara Desert in 1927. At one place, I was held fied himself, he gave a terrific -snort and went up for two days waiting for a ferry to take me into the river again. It is commonly believed in across the Kaduna River, and at another I waited these parts that even a lion would not attack a four days for a treacherous mountain stream to person sleeping under a mosquito net. Perhaps subside before I could cross it. Those precious the animal thinks it is a trap. moments were turned to good account.

On another occasion during 1923 while travel- While I was traveling on a steamer to Sierra ing in the interior of Nigeria, I arrived at Patigi, Leone I deliberately left the last three verses of my first mission station, in order to do some trans- the last chapter of Malachi until I should return lation work with a Nupe missionary. Soon after to the Bible House in Lagos, and there in my own my arrival, a terrific tornado up-rooted over hallowed room, shut in with God, on my knees, I eighty trees close to the mission. The first flash completed the translation of the Old Testament. of lightning struck the grass-roofed house in which we were living and set it on fire. We were Few have been called to translate the Bible into both stunned and thrown to the ground, and lay a primitive language; and perhaps not more than there for some time. I revived and found my one such translator in a thousand has been grantfriend lying face down on the floor in the burn- ed the honor and responsibility of giving the ing building. I took him out and then went back Word of God to a nation in their own mother to try and save a few of my belongings. The tongue, at the same time coining and discovering large roof was thatched with dry grass, and in hundreds of Scriptural terms, thus greatly enricha minute or two was burning fiercely from end to ing the primitive language. As I look back on end. The roof fell in three minutes after the the past twenty-five years my heart says: "Bless the Lord 0 my soul, and all that is within me bless His Holy Name."

Son of a Moslem Chief Defends F,air Play By William A. Eddy, Formerly on the Sta ff of the American University, Cairo, Egypt Ali Saif en Nasr is the son of a wealthy, proud, and de- neighbors against intolerance and bigotry, pleading "live vout Moslem Chief in the Fayoum Oasis. When he came and let live". He was threatened with uplifted canes and to the American University at Cairo it was with the under- was taunted with being a Christian. He jumped to his standing on his part that he would not submit to Christian feet, proclaiming his name and family, known well to all, "propaganda". As no one noticed this chip on his shoulder and exlaimed: he soon forgot to carry it around. Are you animals to fight with your claws? Shame on you. Can- Four years passed, with Ali becoming increasingly ac- not our religion persuade of its own self? If not, let us be converted tive in dormitory social life, athletics, college activities in to anything that will make us gentlemen. I am a Moslem, but there general, till he became the student cheer leader and super is no use being a Moslem unless we can conduct ourselves with ordi.. "fan"-a prophet of sportsmanship. He had forgotten his nary Christia.n courtesy. hostile attitude and attended daily and Sunday chapel as a part of college life to which he was devoted. But he The speech was not very successful, and he barely eswould have said that the college had not affected his reli- caped assault. It is to be feared that his disgust and gion. wrath found expression in words that did not show a "Christian courtesy". But he had learned the lesson of One evening he wandered into a downtown mass-meeting Gamaliel: that truth must rule though the heavens fall. of 500 sheikhs of the Azhar-the fundamentalist senate No nominal Christian could have protested against that of Islam. There he listened to an impassioned declaration lynching spirit as earnestly and fearlessly as he did. An against Christianity followed by a clamour to persecute outsider cannot "argue" devoted men out of their religion. all converts to Christianity. As the air grew heavy with The light must come from without but the reform must imprecations and threats, Ali protested with his nearest come from within. Believers like Ali become friends of the Nazarene.

New- Hope for

..:{ By the REV. W. H. RAINEY, London ): ..

Secretary for Western and Northern Africa, British and Foreign Bible Society A £"".T. 2E3L,E19G3R1A) Mbegfirnosm: Madrid (dated May their exercise is permitted in private and in public, "Yesterday the Spanish without any restrictions whatsoever other than those required in the interests of public order. Government proclaimed liberty of con- science and worship." .This paragraph in a morn- Under the terms of Article 3, Spanish Evan- ing newspaper, sandwiched in between motor ac- gelical Churches are promised all the liberty they cidents and the latest murder mystery, is of suffi- need to carry out their divine mission. While cient importance to appear in established Churches h a v e large type at the top of the been allowed to remain open front page. under the Directorate Govern- Down through the ages a ment, restrictions have made spiritual elete of Spaniards any development of their · have suffered poverty and work impossible. In provin- exile, and some have gone cial towns and rural districts cheerfully to a fiery death, .every effort was made to that they might win for their crush the Protestant work country this liberty of con- out of existence.

science and the right to wor- The case of Senora Car- ship. Their sacrifice has not men Padin is well remem- been in vain. The long-suf- bered. She was condemned fer i n g Spanish Protestant to three years' imprisonment Church comes at last to real- for blasphemy because she de- ize the dream of evangelical clared that Jesus had broth- Christians throughout the ers and sisters. She was world. This government de- released, after serving a por- cree also removes a reproach tion of her sentence, only that liberal-minded Spaniards through the personal influ- have always felt keenly for ence of President Doumergue Spain has been in recent of France. Mr. Wurtz, a years the only country in young English mIsSIOnary, Europe, with the exception of was also condemned to seven Russia, that denied religious BALCONY WHERE FltLIPE II USED TO WATCH years' imprisonment for havliberty to its citizens. Never ing declared, during a funeral THE BURNING OF PROTESTANT was pen used for a nobler "HERETICS" service, that no priest can for- purpose than when the new give sins. He appealed and a President of the · Spanish Republic signed this verdict was given in his favor, possibly through decree. the influence of the British Ambassador who sent The exact text, which is composed of three ar- a personal representative to watch the case. Such ticles, is as follows: attempts to return to medireval forms of coercion were bound to fail and to discredit the cause they 1. Nobody shall be required to declare his religious were intended to strengthen. . beliefs in any official act, or in the exercise of any State function. No functionary, whether civil or It is a notable fact that the circulation of the religious, shall enquire into the religious beliefs Scriptures actually increased in Spain during the of his subordinates or of any person who shall dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera. This appear before him. was not due to any special facilities granted by 2. No person shall be obliged, whatever his position in that regime. Indeed., the colportage work of the the State, to take part in any religious feast, ceremony or service. Bible societies was only possible as a commercial, 3. All forms of worship and religion are authorized, and and not a religious, enterprise. Spanish law pro- [639 ]

hibits "Any public manifestation of any religion The declaration of religious liberty was re- other than that of the State," and there was con- ceived with immense enthusiasm throughout stant danger lest the authorities should insist on Spain. This very enthusiasm contains an element considering the circulation of the Scriptures as of danger. In the early days of the republic in Protestant propaganda. On one occasion, when France, people seemed to think that there was three provincial governors had prohibited the cir- something magic in the very word "liberty," and culation of the Scriptures in their districts, I went could not understand why injustice and inequality with Don Adolfo Araujo, the Superintendent in did not immediately flee away. The reaction re- Spain of the British and Foreign Bible Society, sulting from disillusionment threatened the very with a letter of recommendation from the British existence of the new regime. Perhaps Spain too expects too much from a mere change of system.

A monarchy can be progressive and democratic; a republic may in reality be a despotism. A promi- nent Spaniard said to me: "We would have pre- ferred to retain the monarchy for the stability it gives, if it had only been possible to make it dem- ocratic,-but a Bourbon never learns."

The full benefit of a republican form of gov- ernment can be experienced only when the people are politically conscious and educated; to adopt such a system with 60% of illiteracy is a hazard- ous undertaking. Some South American repub- lics were, however, in an even worse condition when they made the same experiment and they have won their way through turmoil to a place among the great nations of the world. Spain may do the same, but storms will almost cer- tainly be encountered before the ship of state rides safely under proper guidance.

As ignorance is the enemy of democracy, one of the principal planks in the new government's SENORA ARANJA. SUPERINTENDENT (RIGHT). IN THE program is a determination to make Spain lit- DOORWAY OF THE BIBLE DEPOT IN MADRID erate. Education has been obligatory since 1857 but the lack of teachers and buildings has pre- Ambassador and obtained an interview with Gen- vented the law from being enforced even in the eral Martinez Anido, the Minister of the Interior. larger towns. It is said that even if every school He.received us in a large hall surrounded by sol- building in Madrid were filled to the utmost ca- diers and functionaries, and after the usual cour- pacity, there would still be 40,000 children in the tesies, began the conversation by saying: "The city that could not be accommodated. In provin- King and I were talking about your Society this cial towns and rural districts conditions are in- morning and we are agreed that you sell false finitely worse.

Bibles." He then went on to speak unfavorably The Protestant Church in Spain has set a good of Protestants and Protestant propaganda. We example in educational matters. It is rare to were on dangerous ground and I hastened to re- find a church without a primary school connect- ply: "Your Excellency, we have not come to see ed with it, and in higher education the Porvenir you on a religious, but on a business matter. The College of the German Mission at Madrid, and Scriptures circulated by our Society are British the Escuela Modelo of the Methodist Episcopal merchandise and are protected by Article I of the Church at Alicante, are favorably known Treaty of Commerce between our respective coun- throughout the land. The percentage of illiter- tries. May we rely on you to continue to grant acy among Spanish Protestants is probably not us the protection guaranteed by this treaty?" The more than 5%.

result of the interview was that the Minister not At Madrid there is a Union Theological Semi- only confirmed the protection to which we had a nary under the direction of an evangelical inter- right but accepted a beautifully bound copy of the national committee. The standard of acceptance Bible that he had previously declared to be false. is high and the three years' course of instruc- Under the new Decree Protestant Christians will tion given is on a par with that of the smaller be able to carryon · colportage work under the seminaries of the United States and Europe. It banner of religion instead of commerce. would not be difficult to increase the number of

NEW HOPE FOR SPAIN

pupils (at present there are only seven) but evan- A BIBLE COLPORTER IN A MADRID MARKET gelical work is on a small scale in Spain and is not capable of absorbing more than this number away with the abuse, but not with the Christ who of graduates. Under the new liberal government so loved men that He gave His life to save them. the evangelical work will no doubt expand rapidly The Bible, too, must remain, for it is the only auand enable the seminary to enlarge. A highly thentic account of His life and teaching." trained ministry is essential if Protestant work is to prosper under modern enlightened condi- The miner bought a set of Gospels and many of his companions followed his example. tions. The revolution has been conducted so far almost The hope of Spain is not in any change (in a new form) of government, although this will help without bloodshed, a fact that reflects great credit to bring favorable conditions. Salvation for the on the government and people. The burning of Spaniards will come through the proclamation of convents and other ecclesiastical buildings was the Christ as He is revealed in the Gospels, free largely a protest against the hostile attitude from the superstitions with which men have veiled adopted towards the Republic by Mgr. Segura, the His divine personality. In the rediscovery of the Archbishop of Toledo, primate of Spain. The of- Saviour is to be found the solution of the probfending Archbishop has now fled to Rome, but lems that face the young Republic. The language the Pope is more concerned in obtaining a favor- and literature and people arouse our admiration able concordat with the new Republic than in re- and it is with keen interest and deep affection dressing grievances. There is danger lest extrem- that we see Spain embark on this great adventure ists, animated by communist ideals and possibly and offer her the hand of fellowship in a spirit of assisted by Soviet funds, should take advantage true equality and fraternity. of the unsettled condition of the country to forward their own interests. Any su~h propaganda would be particularly dangerous because of the ignorance of the 'Spanish working-classes and the low economic level on which they live. They have undoubtedly many legitimate grievances of a very serious nature, the removal of which is a part of the burden that the new government must assume. A considerable portion of the workingclass in Spain still looks to Moscow as a terrestrial paradise and among this class is a deep-rooted hostility to all forms of religion. But experience has shown us that even the Communist is frequently accessible to good influence when approached in the right way. One day a Spanish colporter entered a tavern in a mining town of Asturias and found himself in the midst of a group of miners who, judging by their conversation, were Communists. At first they would not listen when he offered them the New Testament. "Religion brutalizes people and must go," said one of them. Another replied: "The personality of Christ is not repulsive to me: indeed, just the contrary; but people have so abused his name that it now has a sinister ring about it."

"By all means," said the colporter, "let us do The Mission Hospital Speaks I stand by the side of a river I stand by the side of a current That carries its freight to the sea. That's deeper by far than the sea.

There's never a port of any sort And storm-beaten craft of every draft But sends her sons to me. Come in to be hea.led by m e.

To me from the ships on the river But some have more sin than fever, They come to be eased of their pain, And some have more grief than pain.

But when they at length regain their strength God help me make whole both body and soul They' ce off to the ships again. Before they go out again.

By Dr. Hyla, S. Watter8, Me1JwdiBt Gettm"dl Hoepital, W ..h… ChinG.

A Four;Year;Old

By MARIE G. EDWARDS, Hillah, Iraq Missionary of the United Mission in Mesopotamia A T Christmas time a friend sent us a Scrip- Ben has an Arab friend, a taxi-driver, named I".. ture wall-motto that read: "Whoso put- Mohammad Haidar. This man, who had some- teth his trust in the Lord shall be safe" times come to read the Bible with Mr. Edwards, (Prov. 29 :25). This was hung up in the nursery had become a good friend of little Ben and would at HiIIah, Iraq. Before many days our boy Ben- sometimes come to take him out for a little drive jamin, who had celebrated his fourth birthday in about town. When he was memorizing the last September, asked: verse of the First Psalm Ben asked: "What does that picture say, Mummy?" "Mother, will Mohammad perish?"

I read the verse to him and he inquired: Benjamin, if Mohammad believes in the Lord "What does that mean?" Jesus Christ he will not perish," I answered.

I explained the words to him as well as I could This conversation took place on a Saturday and when he had memorized them I rewarded him afternoon not .long before Easter, when Mr. Ed- by giving him a kran (about 10 cents). He was wards was away on tour. On Sunday afternoon delighted, put the coin in his bank, and asked to Mohammad called with a message from Mr. Ed- be taught another verse. So the work began. He wards, and asked if he might take the children seemed to enjoy memorizing Scripture, both in out for a little drive. So our maid went with Arabic and in English, and before long had memo- Ben, Albert and Peggy for the ride, while I rized the Lord's Prayer, the Twenty-third Psalm, stayed at home with David.

John 3 :16, Romans 6 :23, and several other pas- The maid, Katie, reported the conversation that sages. had followed when Ben climbed up in the front As he came each day for more, I was soon at seat next to Mohammad. Before they had gone a loss to know what would be best to teach him. more than a few yards, he asked: Mr. Edwards suggested that we start with the "Mohammad, why aren't you a Christian? Why F{rst Psalm, but I protested that it was too ab- don't you believe in the Lord Jesus?"

stract for a child of Benjamin's age to grasp. "I don't know, Ben, I have been thinking about Nevertheless I began to teach it to him, thinking it," was the answer.

that it would at least keep him busy until further Ben recited John 3 :16 in Arabic four or five work could be planned. As he learned a verse times as fervently as he could.

he always asked what it meant and I answered as "I think I shall have to come and read some best I could. When we reached the last verse of more with your father," said Mohammad.

the Psalm, "The Lord knoweth the way of the After they had driven on for some distance, righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall per- Ben said: ish," he asked: "The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God "Who are the ungodly? Who will perish ?" is eternal life through Jesus Christ, our Lord."

I reminded him of John 3 :16, which he had al- They drove on in silence. Again Ben broke the ready learned, and told him that whosoever be- silence by saying: lieveth in the Lord Jesus Christ shall be saved. "Whoso putteth his trust in the Lord shall be "Will those who do not believe perish?" safe."

I again reminded him that if we believe in the Mohammad turned to Katie and said: Lord Jesus Christ we will not perish but will be "That is a pretty good little missionary that is saved. so concerned about my soul."

There Is Healing in the Blood Blood has a most wonderful system of cleansing our dirty spots, of redeeming the body, curing it, creating new stuff in the body. When the apostie of Jesus Christ, John, meditated on the Blood of Jesus, that blood meant something fundamental to Christianity. Blood, though it does not appear on the surface of the body, is circulating everywhere inside. When hurt, blood goes to the injured place and revives and cures the wound. So with the love of Christ, and our sin. As blood cures the physical body so Christ cures our Toyohiko Kagawa. moral wounds. Christ's love revives us from spiritual death.

[642 ]

TVice Born

By the REV. CHARLES ERNEST SCOTT, D. D. Tsinan, Shantung Author of "China From Within", "Chinese Twice Born", Etc.

A WHITE LILY, rearing itself out of the muck firmly, refused. Daily he appeared in her pres- ence, brandishing a knife, and daily vowed that, .f"l…and without being soiled by the slime that if she did not recant, he would cut out her heart. Legally none could prevent him. To cut out hearts surrounds it, is a miracle. But it is a great- is not an infrequent thing in China. er miracle-if there are degrees in such-to see a soul born into gross heathenism, with all its sur- But to all curses and imprecations this timid rounding and interpenetrating defilement, yet and powerless girl steeled her heart, inflexible in through the work of the Holy Spirit, becoming a her determination to remain true to Christ at all new creation in Christ. Old things have passed costs. Then the husband decided to divorce heraway; all things have become new. This illus- again his legal right, but an unspeakable disgrace trates the thesis of Paul in his Epistle to the to a Chinese woman. Romans: "I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God unto salvation In that world of multitudinous villages, not only to everyone that believeth, to the Jew first and is a baby girl not welcome, the mother is disalso to the Greek." graced and the father is often angry. The only good can come through the girl's marriage so In many hundreds of Chinese villages, in the that she must be betrothed as soon as possible. great pivotal province of Shantung, North China, Her own family's responsibility for her ceases at with its 45,000,000 people, I have seen this state- the earliest possible date. She has no title to rement abundantly verified-many times among all spect until she is the mother of a son. This girlsorts and conditions of men, among aged women wife knew only too clearly the dire lot of a woman (called "stupid") ; among bright, though unedu- Who belongs to nobody. Many a concubine, when cated, village women, among women educated in her husband becomes a Christian, refuses to be the ancient classical Chinese learning, and among put away, because of the unspeakable fate of a women sent to the United States to be trained in woman having no roof to shelter her. Neverthe- Western culture. This tremendous spiritual fact less this brave little girl-wife remained true to remains true-Jesus Christ "is able, to do ex- Christ. She was a born-again-one. ceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think." The Nicodemus-Like Seeker From many experiences I would stake my life First generation Christians, in any village comon the truthfulness of this conviction. Here are munity, are apt to experience much testing, as the some proofs that surge into my memory, illustrat- result of leaving "the venerable customs," coning how God does the impossible, using the weak nected with idolatry and ancestor worship. This things of the world to confound the mighty, and testing can run the whole gamut from detestable making it possible for the "things that are not petty nagging in the household to the most serito bring to naught the things that are." ous persecution by village bullies and headmen. Daughters-in-law in families of heathen mothers- A Country School Girl in-law are tragic illustrations of this situation. She was trained in the village grammar school For Christian girls this is a living hell. None and later developed into a charming young sympathize with her determination to continue to woman, one of our efficient Christian village worship the living and the true God. It requires school teachers. She was betrothed in babyhood Christian fortitude to stand up, day after day, to a boor whom she never saw until in the mar- month in and month out, for years, against conriage ceremony, he lifted the heavy embroidered tumely, contempt and abuse. This testing of cloth from her head. She was up against a situ- faith is one phase of what the Christians call ation as difficult as the battering down with her "rubbing in the salt." fist the Great Wall of China. Her husband began to threaten her, trying to force her to give up her I remember a Christian girl who, in nobility of "foreign devil Jesus doctrine." She gently, but spirit, silently endured the curses and the scorn [643 ]

of her husband's family. At last, she began to crowd and see what Jesus does for your wife I"

come at night (when her mother-in-law knew it On going into the house I found the Christian not) to be strengthened by her lady missionary husband in an inner room on his knees, and agon- friend, seeking guidance and instruction in her izing as he prayed: "Oh, Lord, have mercy upon purpose to serve Christ. When asked the secret us all, miserable offenders I Help me to love these of her enduring strength she quoted the Lord's men; and move upon them, by thy Holy Spirit, to Words to Joshua, "I will be with thee; I will not cause them to repent of their sins I"

fail thee." Her faith was built on the rock of No hypocrite could act thus-especially when he God's Word. knew that men were not looking at him. No won- T:he Elder Who Endured der that the Christians of the group of villages, constituting the church to which he belonged, When a man becomes a Christian, the break elected him one of their elders I with the hateful past must be so complete that he inevitably draws upon himself the venom of the A Great Sinner Saved heathen. The hoary and degrading customs, blas- "Doth Job serve God for nought? . . . All that phemies against God, gambling and lawsuiting, a man hath will he give for his skin." This is cheating and reviling, concubinage and slavery, Satan's philosophy· of life as applied to humans.

ancestor-worship and witchcraft, superstition and He sardonically laughs at our weakness. The sel- demon-worship, adultery and geomancy, the fish heart cannot understand the spirit of love and power of the priests-all rise up to smite him, sacrifice. The Boxer ruffians, during the cata- without and within. One of my dearest Chinese clysm of 1900, cut open the hearts of Christians friends, who knew travail as well as bodily tor- to find the secret of their bravery and their spirit ture, said to me: "Please salute for me your of fidelity to the Jesus God whom they served.

Christian friends in America, and convey to them Browbeating plays a great part in the heathen this message: 'Be thankful that you have been world; by it men seek to accomplish many pur- born in a country where there are no idols; you poses, not least in trying to make those recant have not been defiled by them as have we; their who have come out boldly for the Lord Jesus.

defilement has gone into us, as dye into cloth I' " One day, during the invasion by the Southern When a man really makes a break with all this, armies, a division of soldiers entered the ancient as my friend did, he must be a born-again man. walled city where one of our largest country In the young church it is pathetic to find one chapels is located. These Southern invaders had Christian in a village, living in spiritual isola- cast out of their ranks the more radical commun- tion, often hated, and with none to comfort or ists but the mass of their ranks is still imbued understand. My friend was thoroughly depend- with anti-foreign and anti-Christian teachings.

able, faithful and lovable. . One of the officers of this army faced us in one One day, when making my round among the of the largest rooms of our chapel, and saw the villages, by pre-arrangement, I found that this big Gospel posters and pictures of parables and man was expecting me-so were the village bullies miracles and Scripture verses on the wall. He who had prepared a warm reception for us both. was much displeased and began to brow beat the The elder's wife was an unbeliever, a heathen. Chinese pastor and the evangelist, saying, "You As I arrived in front of the elder's house, these cannot be patriots and be Christians." Then he bullies snatched handfuls of peanuts off the pile proceeded in his ignorant hatred of Jesus to slash drying on the threshing floor in front of the these Bible pictures and verses. In order still fur- watchful old lady, and twitted her about being ther to terrorize the Christians, he ordered the married to a "deserter of the ancient religion." soldiers to use their bayonets to puncture and de- Thus they worked her up to a pitch of uncon- stroy them.

trollable fury, until, as she "reviled the street," At our protest the officers uttered one of their she was a terrible sight. Women, thus wrought favorite slogans: "We have no Saviour but Sun up, sometimes burst the blood vessels of their eye Yat Sen. There can be no other."

balls and are blind for life or become helpless in- They threatened our leaders with imprecations valids. This wife let flow a torrent of vitupera- and finally forbade them to believe in Jesus saying tive filth, like lava from a volcano. that Chinese were entirely mistaken in believing As I came in front of the door, the fast gather- in any foreign deity, that Jesus was a God only ing crowd parted for me to pass, and as I did so of the West and that Chinese should be true to the leaders jeered: "Ah, ha I see how the foreign- their own religions. Pounding his sword on the devil Jesus religion acts on its converts. See table with a resounding thwack, the leading offi- how sweet-tempered, how gentle, how meek cer said, "You men are wrong in receiving this and mild she is I Come out! old man; face the foreign devil religion."

MILLIONS TRAPPED AND IN PAIN

The little evangelist then did something so fense on helpless people. At the slightest crossbrave that only those who knew the circumstances ing of their will such soldiers will use their bayocould appreciate it. Without impudence, and in nets, or club those who oppose them. The Chrisa gentle tone, but with firmness, he said to the tians, standing about and praying, felt that a great military officer, "Brother, you are mistaken. I am a very great sinner, and I have found Jesus marked effect had been made upon the officers and to be a very great Saviour." men by the fidelity and bravery of this humble witness. This gentle evangelist gave himself diligently to the service of the Lord, preaching for years on a This was evident later when, at the suggestion pitifully small salary, which often made it neces- of this evangelist and local pastor, we gave a feast sary for him to eat hard and unpalatable fare. to this leading officer in the inner court of our Like many other Chinese, he was almost tooth- chapel. At that feast the evangelist explained the less. I inwardly chuckled as I saw how his eyes Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and presented the shone, and his kindly smile revealed his new set officer with a New Testament, which he promised to read. In this and other crises this evangelist of store teeth. has proven himself a good soldier of the Lord The lawless soldiers are bold with a boldness Jesus.

of being armed and are able to commit any of- Millions Trapped and In Pain By A. WARBURTON DAVIDSON Hankow, China M UCH has been recently written about the lieved human pain and woe in this land. Sufferers suffering of animals caused by cruel are seen everywhere. Many dragging themselves methods of trapping. Often the poor through the dirty streets, seeming to belittle beasts endure long hours of agony in the traps. above the animal, but in reality men and women The thought of this has profoundly touched the like ourselves. When they can hobble along no longer they lie down and die in the dirt, neglected and shunned. Others spend weary days in pain in their dirty homes attended by ignorance. Neither night nor day bring relief. In these cruel times when deadly weapons have become so alarm- ingly common, it is impossible to estimate the number who suffer from gunshot wounds. Often they are left to groan and die in agony unless they are lucky enough to be near a hospital or a Christian missionary. The land is so big and the THE UNION HOSPITAL STRUCK BY THE FLOOD MAT SHED RELIEF HOSPITAL, NEAR HANKOW hearts of men and women, with the result that steps are being taken to end this needless suffering of animals.

As we sit here in the heart of China, we feel the inadequacy of the efforts to relieve the indescribable agony of millions of men, women and children in this distracted country. They are often trapped by circumstances over which they have no control, by ignorance, and, worst of all, by the cruel selfishness of their so-called rulers.

No pen can depict the enormous sum of unre-

population so enormous that even if the hospitals Chinese and foreign communities of Hankow. and missionaries were multiplied many times Undismayed by the flooding of their hospital, there would still be far too few. the doctors and staff put their whole strength into You can, in some measure, share all this suffer- the work of relieving the suffering caused by the ing _by imagining your own feelings when your flood. The full story of their self-sacrifice, the nearest and dearest is stricken by sudden pain in personal risks they bravely faced, and the service they rendered to humanity will never be known, BLACK HILLS REFUGEE MAT SHED ,CAMP but to those of us who are eye-witnesses it is at once an inspiration and a sacrament. The presthe dark hours of the night. Suppose there is no enceof human need and human pain sweep away telephone and no doctor within many days jour- all barriers of race or class. ney, what then? Even so you are still better off than the sufferers in China for you have a back- From the largest of the camps on the Yangtze ground of enlightenment, and many friendly a doctor recently wrote in the most casual way: neighbors are glad to come to your aid. Here, in "Professional duties prevented my getting home China, attended by superstition and the blackest for Christmas." Professional duties! But the ignorance, the sufferings of the patient are only motive power behind the work of mercy in these aggravated by advice. refugee camps is infinitely higher, deeper and wider than any mere language of convention can No feature of the life of this people touches us convey. While such lives are thus being lived in so deeply as this. No work so commends itself the sacrificial spirit of Jesus Christ no one need to our hearts and minds as that of the Christian lose hope for the future of the world. medical missionaries. These noble men and women give their lives for their patients, build Our present concern is for the renovation of the hospitals and train nurses for them, and in so Union Hospital, an institution of love and mercy doing are closely following in the footsteps of the which must be enabled to continue its good work. Great Physician, Jesus Christ. The new wing of the Women's Building and the Administrative block have suffered severely, and Since the terrible flood of 1931 the number of the nurses' dormitories, Chinese staff residences, sick and dying on the banks of the Yangtze has kitchens and servants' quarters must all be rebuilt, been greatly multiplied, and the doctors in the at a cost of not less than £6000. Wuhan cities have had to tackle the gigantic problem without the usual equipment. For months CHINESE AND FOREIGN MEDIOAL STAFF ON RELIEF WORK Union Hospital was under eighteen feet of water, making it impossible for work to be continued In the face of the present appalling human need even on the second floor. This was a great we must be possessed by the spirit expressed by catastrophe for the Union Hospital was the best Shelley: Central China has ever known; and its work of healing and training of healers is one that goes To defy power which seems omnipotent, to the root of the whole problem. The hospital To love and bear, to hope till hope creates buildings originally cost about $180,000 and were From its own wreck the thing it contemplates. brought into being by a union of The London Missionary Society and The Wesleyan Methodist Mis- It is hoped that many, like their Great Master, sionary Society. They were formally opened in will be touched with a feeling of compassion, and 1928, and since then the splendid work accom- will release the power of human sympathy and plished for the sick has been supported by the sacrificial love which will send the sum necessary to restart the Hankow Union Hospital on its noble work of healing and relieving human suffering.

China's Call for Christian

..:( By ELLIOTT 1. OSGOOD, M. D., Hiram, Ohio For Twenty-six Years Missionary at Chuchow, Anhwei N EARLY one hundred years have passed Missionaries have founded other medical since Dr. Peter Parker, sent out by the schools at strategic points through China which American Board of Commissioners of For- are so placed as to be reachable from all parts of eign Missions, opened a hospital for the treatment the country. The China Medical Board has sub- of eye diseases in South China. Through these sidized these schools, lifting them to high grade long years medicine has proven itself to be one of in work. The teaching is largely in Chinese, and the most potent keys for the unlocking of Chinese through these schools much of the medical litera- hearts to the claims of Christ. No group of ture has been translated.

missionaries has shown greater consecration, The University Hospital at the Drumtower in greater daring, greater devotion than have these Nanking is a fine example of a well equipped medi- doctors and nurses who, in imitation of Christ, cal center. In 1913 three hospitals in that city have followed the footsteps of Dr. Parker in heal- manned and financed by as many missions, united ing sick bodies and opening the eyes of blind souls. to form a medical department of the University of In 1915, when Christian medical work was at Nanking, and six missions now cooperate in the its high point, there were in China 383 doctors hospital work. It has a strong staff of foreign (277 men and 106 women) and 142 nurses work- and Chinese doctors and nurses. Their 1930 re- ing in 330 mission hospitals and 223 additional port showed 3,200 inpatients and over 40,000 dispensaries. They treated 104,000 inpatients and treatments given.

1,500,000 outpatients annually. In 1890 the China Medical Association was organized and since then national conventions have been held every two or three years and the "China Medical Journal" has been published.

Beginning with small dispensaries and poorly equipped hospitals, these medical missionaries have widely expanded their ministry. They now have a half dozen or more medical schools of Class A grade; a goodly number of splendidly equipped union medical centers; a Council of Health Educa- tion; nurses training schools, and about 150 small hospitals scattered through the country. They have found time to produce in Chinese a medical A HOSPITAL AT BATANG. WEST CHINA. BUILT BY DR. SHELTON dictionary with more than 15,000 technical terms, and have translated a goodly number of books on medicine, surgery and allied subjects. This University Hospital, although seized by The greatest medical school in China, and one the Army Medical Corps when the communists of the greatest medical institutions in the world, took that city in 1927, was a year later returned is the Peking Union Medical School, established to its missionary staff through the influence of through the China Medical Board, a branch of the Madame Kiang Kai-shek.

Rockefeller Foundation. This school has four de- But it is, we believe, in the small missionary partments: the Medical School, the Hospital, a hospitals, scattered widely through the provinces Research Institution and a Training School for of China, that the· medical missionaries find their Nurses. Owing to the paucity of medical litera- richest joy. Here is given opportunities to be- ture in the Chinese language, the teaching at Pek- come real "doctors of the old school." Here one ing is in English. Only students of the highest comes into the closest contact with the people.

scholastic grade are admitted. The money put into these mission hospitals has [647 ]

varied from a few thousands to perhaps fifty thou- condyles of the femur. We had neither absorbent sands of dollars. Too often the doctors have been cotton, nor could there be found even clean cot- oppressed by the burden of poor equipment but ton. From an old padded quilt was brought a they have ministered effectively to untold num- handful of dirt filled cotton. We had to boil it, bers of needy people. dirt and all, before it could be used to cover the Many cases which present themselves to the wounded surfaces. From a strawstack we pulled clinics are simple to handle. The patients have clean straw and stiffened its straight lines with not learned that dirt is the cause of most of their small bamboos. With this we bound and stiffened troubles. School children come with bodies cov- the leg so that it would not be injured by the han- ered with itch. Women enter with swollen jaws dling of those who carried him in a crude from decayed and abscessed teeth. There are the stretcher to the hospital.

innumerable boils and abscesses. Farmers come To homes of men of education and culture we with great sores on their legs aggravated by wad- have been called. In one we found a woman who ing in the rice fields and from the black plasters had swallowed a coin which had lodged in her they stick over the sores. There are eyes going esophagus. When we sought to explain to the blind with conjunctival ulcers and trachoma. husband what must be done he said, "Do what you Multitudes come who are dying with pernicious think wise, Doctor. We men have confidence· in malaria. you but you cannot explain anything to our women. They are so idiotic." A few years later this same man, after seeing what we could do in our mission girls school, experimented on his own daughter and found her mind as keen as those of his nephews. When later his wife bore him a son he came asking how we saved babies. Humbly he sat with a missionary mother as she told him of the simple but necessary things in the caring for babies. He went back home and taught his wife, with the result that he now has two healthy grown sons.

Men who would otherwise not listen to the Gos- pel will come miles to the hospital for healing. A common laborer, deadly sick with pernicious ma- A PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL AT HWAI YUEN. ANHWEI laria, got as far as the hospital gate only to sink into unconsciousness. There the doctor found him Not all of the cases, however, are as simple as and brought him back to life and health. In the these. In the beginning of our own clinical work later war days that same man risked his own -when we had no hospital, no operating room, no life to save the doctor and his family.

assistants except the personal teacher who was China is calling for consecrated Christian doc- initiating us into the mysteries of the Chinese tors and nurses, who are endowed with talent and language-some farmer friends brought in a boy, tact. Among China's four hundred millions of upon whose hand was an immense sarcoma. At people there are still less than 2,500 modern edu- their insistence, but doubting the wisdom of the cated doctors, Chinese and foreign together. Doc- act, we amputated the hand of the boy, the Chi- tors are needed who will teach them how to keep nese teacher having offered to aid in the giving of healthy, how to live; men to man more medical the anesthetic. God, with His healing mercy, was schools, to go on with translating and producing with us for the arm healed by first intention. medical and health literature, men and women Often we have been called to mud walled and who willingly go into the homes of the rich and thatched roofed homes in the darkness of the the huts of the poor in this healing ministry; night where ignorant midwives had done their nurses whose trained fingers are like those of the worst. By the light of a hanging lantern we have Master when He laid His hands upon the leper put the exhausted and torn mother to sleep and and upon the pain-racked bodies. Educated, cul- with instruments saved her when we could not tured, consecrated men and women are needed save an already dead babe. who will forget self as they face contagions and Out upon the trails we have been called on to epidemics; and who will forget their Occidental save many opium suicides. There we have lanced background so that they can enter into the most abscesses and pulled teeth. Not always could we sympathetic understanding with these Orientals be equipped for the emergencies which arose. who are desperately struggling toward that which Once a man accidentally shot himself through the only Christ can give them.

Success in Madagascar?

By W. KENDALL GALE, Anjozorobe, Madagascar ):- Provo de Tananarive I WISH that it were possible to write of Mada- affection for its moral teachings-the good being gascar Christianity in the glowing terms with the enemy of the best. My mature, unjaundiced which Stanley Jones can write of Christianity opinion about the Malagasy is, that his character in India. The problem in Madagascar is the char- is painfully unreliable; you scarcely bow when acter of the Malagasy; apart from this all other to believe him; you can rarely depend upon his hindrances to progress are just difficulties and not word, for either he is going far beyond the facts, problems at all. From what- or else he is concealing the real ever point of view you consider truth (almost by for c e of this great Island, whether com- The story of Christian Mis- habit) . You listen respectfully mercially, governmentally, edu- sions in Madagascar is one of and sympathetically, only to cationally, or religiously, the the miracles of modern mis- find that he has been decoying crux of the matter is the Mala- sions. It is a story of coura- you from the nest where the gasy himself. I can admit com- geous pioneering, of intense eggs or the young are. There mercial, educational, govern- hardship, of patient endur- is scarcely a day when I do not mental progress apart from ance, of prayer and sacrifice. hate myself for being suspi- character-but Christian prog- Then came the harvest-fol- cious of the Malagasy, but any ress? It is here only that one lowed by fierce persecution other attitude would lead the is doubtful about progress in and cruel death. But the missionary into positions hu- Madagascar. Church emerged tested and miliating and almost inextri- My twenty years in Mada- purified. Large churches were cable. In politeness the Mala- gascar have been spent among built and new harvests were gasy is the suave gentleman; in the Hova, the Bezanozano, the gathered. Then came the spite he is a demon. In hospi- Anativolo, the Sihanaka (a lit- French: what is the situation tality he is generous and gra- tie), and the Marofotsy tribes. today? Read and pray for cious; in retaliation he is ir- Of the other tribes I have only the Malagasy Christians. reconcilable.

superficial k now led g e, but The Malagasy I have met in twenty years in intimate touch twenty years who could be with the five peoples named ought to have given trusted with money can be counted on my thumbs.

one convictions about the native mind and char- It is a rare thing to find a native who has a duty- acter, and have a measure of correctness. Frank- conscience. A pastor may quit his church and ly, the Malagasy character is distressingly dis- people for any length of time, leaving them ut- appointing. I am not speaking through a larynx terly without leadership or Gospel, and that with- soured with bile; I am not out to malign anyone, out acquainting them or the missionary, and have but-the Malagasy character is distressingly dis- not a qualm of conscience. A teacher will also appointing. It is one of extraordinary complexity close down his school in the same inconsequential and inconsistency. manner. A given task and an obvious duty requir- The progress of the Kingdom of God in Mada- ing haste may be shelved for months, or thrust gascar is not hindered by the gross ignorance and out of the mind altogether.

dullness of the Malagasy, for the native is a keen Let me give one instance. The Roman Catho- business man, intelligent, alert, and even mentally lics, with a determination and an aggressiveness exceptional. Neither is it hindered by meanness, we can only commend, are making a tremendous for they are extremely liberal. Nor is progress effort to win Madagascar. That has to be met thwarted by stubborn unwillingness to listen to with a like industry on our part, and so, in April, the Gospel, or by the possession of a non-Chris- I started out on a six-months' tour of the Maro- tian religion which has some claim to esteem and fotsy country, to cover the whole area occupied [649 ]

by that tribe. The raw heathen out yonder is sionary society in Madagascar, began its work on neither Protestant nor Catholic. On May 23rd the coast in 1818 and in the capital in 1820, toil- I discovered three villages totally without means ing alone until after the great persecution, which of worship. Two I visited, broaching the matter ended with the death of the savage Queen Rajava- of commencing worship, passing on the same day lona I in 1861. The Friends, Anglicans, Roman to a village where I have a church and school. Catholics, European and American Norwegians Realizing the urgency of the case and the moral followed. The last in the field were la Mission de need of the people, I commissioned the pastor at Paris, which only took up work in Madagascar Maroadabokely to visit these three villages, get after the French occupation in 1895. A few years their signatures to a petition, send it off to the ago the Adventists invaded Madagascar.

government, and open worship. He agreed to go Union work in the capital has been established the following Thursday-not a great distance, in five directions: only two hours away. I returned to these villages (a) The Friends and the L. M. S. have joined on August 23rd, three months later, to join in forces at the Ambohipotsy Theological College.

worship with them, to encourage them, only to (b) The Friends, la Mission de Paris and the find that the pastor had never been near the place. L. M. S., together with the churches under their There js· Ito difficulty in opening churches in care, are united in the work and support of the Madagascar; I alone have started more than 200 Isan-Enim-Bolana, the native missionary society in villages where Christ had never been wor- which has extensive toil in the interior, organ- shipped. We can get new causes going; we can ized and directed from the capital. It supports put up church buildings; we can get money; we 30 native workers in the regions beyond.

can get crowds; what we have not as yet is a (c) Paul Minault School for the sons of wealth- character which is socially reliable, morally re- ier and more intelligent Malagasy, providing a su- liable, or even reliable in any particular, much less perior education for those who may be expected spiritually beautiful. That does not mean that to lead the next generation, unites the seven Prot- Christ has failed in Madagascar; it means that estant bodies laboring in Madagascar.

the Gospel has to deal with a character most seri- (d) The Foyer, the name given to the Y. M. C.

ously difficult, compared with which dense ignor- A. work in Tananarive, is generously supported ance and evil-living are almost trifles. The Mala- by all the Protestant societies, each contributing gasy character is not criminally bad, nor morally money, service, ideas.

detestable, it is twisty to exasperation, unreliable (e) The Inter-Missionary Committee, similar to desperation, slippery rather than slimy. It is to those which exist in China, and India, and else- not a weak character, nor filthy beyond what you where, has been fruitful in arresting abuses, and would expect; we have not to deal with a stupid in winning concessions from a government which people like the Australian aborigines. In a word: might not have conceded had a less powerful body the Malagasy is crooked rather than ignorantly demanded them.

irresponsible. If I mistake not, the crook is also In each of the above the Malagasy predomi- the problem in the west. Christ has captured the nate on committees; they are not dominated by imagination of the Malagasy but not his heart, Europeans.

has touched his admiration but not his conduct. Each society laboring in the capital has mag- The Indian is incorrigibly religious-according to nificent institutional work, such as Boys' and Stanley Jones;. the Malagasy is incorrigibly Girls' Homes, Boys' and Girls' Schools, industrial twisty. departments, printing presses, Bible and book de- This fact has to be taken into account in esti- pots, Normal schools to prepare boys and girls mating the success or failure of the Gospel in for the teacher's brevet. Not less than a dozen Madagascar. In the matter of extension, we in definitely religious journals are poured out of the this district have a great story to tell and it is various mission presses in Tananarive, some the same throughout the Island. Religion in Mad- weeklies, some monthlies, and some two-month- agascar is an abounding success; the progress of lies. It is almost impossible to estimate the Christianity in Madagascar is somewhat doubt- amount of really valuable and indispensable serv- ful. Talk to any Malagasy about this or that na- ice the various Protestant societies are rendering tional defect and he will at once admit it-the en- the capital, and through it the whole Island. Both tire population would admit it-but set about al- in quality and quantity this is gigantic; remove tering it, seeking a change of heart· personally or it suddenly and there would be a vast and catas- nationally, no! The common excuse is: "I am trophic collapse morally.

only a human being, therefore what can you ex- In the country, Imerina, the central province pect?" In spite of all I am still an optimist. in Madagascar, are churched from end to end.

The London Missionary Society, the parent mis- From the summit of the hill on which the ancient

WHAT SUCCESS IN MADAGASCAR?

palace stands, you can count 119 L. M. S. churches tion school, etc. At this station there is a pastoral alone-the hill named Manjakamiadana in Tanan- school, a Boys' Home, a station school, a huge arive; In the Bezanozano country as recently as workshop under the charge of a European, where 1913 there were only eleven churches; today there various trades are taught, medical work, book are sixty-six. In the Anativolo tribe there are shop. At other stations there are leper asylums. now twenty-five churches, where there were only a scattered half-dozen a decade ago, and thirteen Christian work in Madgascar is magnificently schools where there were but two, so small as to staffed and organized; it throbs with energy and accommodate but twenty-six and twenty-eight enthusiasm. Alas that so much of its energy and scholars respectively. Among the dark, sad sav- enthusiasm should be neutralized by a character age Marofotsy tribe, there are one hundred and that is unstable, wriggly, unsatisfactory, undethree churches, where twenty years ago there was pendable. This we are endeavoring to combat by not a single miniature Bethel radiating even a a very extensive house-to-house visitation, a deep, glow-worm's feeble point of light; even ten years serious, earnest attempt to win adher~nts for ago there were only six churches. Christ, and to win communicants from a slack During my twenty-two years in Madagascar, the L. M. S. has established new stations at An- attachment to the Saviour-a loose, nerveless dejozorobe, Omerimandroso, and Mandritsara. votion-to a surrender that is absolute and final. Othersocieties have also established new stations in the interior and on the coast. The Friends have We have the institutions; we have the means; settled two men on the west coast at Maintirano. (the sum to send our native delegate to the J eru- Each mission station is a. colony of industry and industries. At Imerimandroso there are three salem Conference was over-subscribed in a few European missionaries, a seminary, hostel, hos- days), we have the crowds, but so far Simon has pital, with capable native doctor and staff, a sta- not become Peter, John Mark does not satisfy Paul. At present the Malagasy is still exasperat- ing in his unreliability. But "the crooked skall be made straight."

A Letter from Colcord, West Virginia During our annual School of Missions at the Pattie C. edge of Christ as their personal Saviour. One man with whom we had worked and prayed for two years made a Stockdale School in West Virginia some of our young peo- ple dedicated their lives to full time service. Shortly profession but found no peace. One night he said, "I have something to make right. If I live till tomorrow afterward four men came to offer themselves for any work that they could do. They were too old and too untutored night I will stand with the Christians." The next night his face was radiant. The last drop of liquor had been for missionary work and they had their families to sup- thrown out of his house and he and his wife testified to a port, but they wanted to be winners of souls. A consecra- joy which they had never known before. . tion service was held and these men pledged themselves There is great destitution in our valley. Whole families to conduct Sunday schools, hold prayer meetings, or do definite personal work at any hour of the night that they have not a pair of shoes in the house and cold weather might be needed. It was a scene never to be forgotten is here. Many children are out of school because of lack of clothing. Yet there is a beautiful spirit of gratitude. when they knelt and each prayed the Lord to take his On a recent trip up-the-river we stopped at four places. life and use it. At the first we were given a sweet potato pumpkin, large Two years ago these men were intemperate and profane. enough to make pies for our family of fifty. It had been Now the voice of prayer is heard in their homes, instead saved for us for several days. At the second house the rheumatic old woman went out and got us cabbages from of cursing. One of the men a year ago came to service so drunk that he said he was not fit to come inside. In an her meager store. In the third home the children brought hour he was sober and was marvelously converted that chestnuts that had been hidden away in the trunk till we very day. Another testifies to having been saved from a should come. The next offering was brought by a woman .drunkard's and a gambler's grave. Of a third his wife whom we had befriended. A daughter of this woman had said, "His religion is real. He hasn't hit me once, hasn't been stabbed by' a drunken man as she was entering the old log church for meeting. They sent six miles up the cussed once, and hasn't been drunk once since he was converted. We have family prayer every day." river and six miles down for medical help, but couhi get no doctor. We took her twenty miles '1;0 a doctor who dressed These men are now carrying the burden of souls in their her wound. Since then we are made welcome to all they communities. All are holding prayer meetings from two have. We hesitate to accept these things when our people to six nights in the week. All four are in charge of Sun- have so little but we want them to learn the joy of day schools in remote and previously neglected parts of giving. the field. One has lately become an elder in our little church and is preaching once a month in each of four For some time we have not had Bible reading in the public schools in this valley, but a new board is changing up-the-river fields. Without these men it would be impossible to carry on our ten Sunday schools and fourteen policies and again we are planting the Word of God in prayer meetings each week. For years we have prayed for Christian homes and native leadership on this field. the hearts of the school children. How they love it! We want to thank all who have shared in the work Now we thank the Lord for the answer to that prayer. Last summer we were blessed with the finest student here by gift of life or gold or prayer. The work has been greatly blessed, doors have been opened, friends have helpers we have ever had. We were able to reach all of been made, souls saved and lives and homes transformed. our ten fields by six Vacation Bible Schools. Evangelistic meetings in three out-stations brought several to a knowl- ANNE BELLE STEWART.

With the Pilgrims In

··:(1"'". . . . –=B""'Y""'T=h=e""'R""'E""'V….'''J.'''C'''H'''A'''''D=W=I'''C=K=J'''A=C'''K=S=O'''N–=–=–:11» W HAT do devout Hindus pray for today? "At the first dip I say 'MATAH. VARCHASTWAM An old pilgrim, after the long pilgrimage DEHl' (Give me love to the Mother (land». from Cape Comorin to Baddnath in the "Second, 'VIDWATWAM DEHI' (Give no knowl- Himalayan Mountains, has been staying for edge).

months .in Benares. "Third, 'BRAHMANATWAM DEHI' (Give me (to "You spend hours every ~y in prayer and be) a true Brahmin).

meditation," I said to him. "F 0 u r t h, 'VISHWABANDHAT- "What do you ask for?" WAM DEHI' (Give me universal "I rise at three in the morn- brotherly love) .

ing," he replied, "and carefully "Fifth, 'SARVABHUTADAYAMA- prepare my prayer seat, as en- YATWAM DEHI' (Give me a merci- joined in the Gita, in a pure ful disposition towards all created place-not too high, not too low, things) ."

secure from any interruption; It is suggestive that the old no one to disturb. I meditate pilgrim and the young student and pray until eight o'clock. both put the motherland first.

411 have three periods. First, *** after realizing the presence of Paramanand Paribrajak. The God, I send out the prayer in a word paribrajak means a wan- stream of petitions (forgive me dering sadhu. Our first sight of for mentioning it to you, but you Paramanand was on a spring will understand) 'Lord, remove morning in 1930. We were trav- the (foreign) yoke.' eling by motor from Benares to "Second, I pray: 'Lord, help J aunpur, a 35-mile journey. Five all those who strive for good in miles out from Benares we over- the universe-Sadhus, devotees, took a tall young sadhu, in clean, who thus seek good and do good newly dyed sadhu dress, with for themselves. (The Com- very thoughtful, spiritual face.

munion of Saints.) We offered him a lift, for as far "Third, I pray FOR THOSE WHO as he would be going out our way, DO NOT SEEK GOOD, THE FALLEN, and he gratefully accepted, saying THE SINFUL, THE SUFFERING. This ONCE A HINDU-NOW A CHRISTIAN he had a long pilgrimage before must lead to service for them as him-the railway carriages were opportunity offers. For instance, sick persons no longer free to sadhus since the "crew" system come to me when I am through with my medita- had been started, so he was compelled to walk.

tion; no one dare disturb me till I have finished. He had been resident for some time in Benares, They a.sk for my blessing and 1 give it, but not studying Sanskrit, and he was now bound for without cost to myself. They go away bettered, Badrinath in the far away Himalayas, visiting but something of their weakness seems to cleave sacred places and monasteries on the way, and to me." *** hoping to come into contact with holy men and to learn from them. He was with us for an hour I saw a young Brahmin Sanskrit student, and in the motor, and we were charmed with his spirit asked: and pleased with his conversation. On setting him down we gave him a copy of the Gospel "You bathe in the Ganges every .morning and pray or recite mantras as you do so. What do you set before you as a purpose at that time ?" and a card bearing our Benares address, invit- "I dip five separate times in the Ganges," he ing him to call on us if he should come to Benares replied, "repeating five mantras as I do so." at any time.

[652 ] Eighteen months later the card, still clean, was " 'You must first take a few draws,' he said.

presented by him at our house, and he became a "No intoxicant has ever passed my lips, and guest in our Ashram. He now tells his own story my vow forbids smoking," I answered. "'If you in Hindi, which I translate: don't first smoke,' he said, 'I will not accept it "My father and my two brothers were all in at your hands.'''

the military; I went from place to place with "This meant that he expected obedience, or he them, getting my education up to the 9th class would not keep me as his disciple. I was deter- in various schools. I formed the habit of going mined not to start this bad habit against which into solitude to think about the search for God, the two men had warned me. So there and then, and exposed myself fasting in the great heat- disappointed and alone, I left him. I took the long that was a rainless year. I fell very ill with a journey over the mountain passes and along the constant passing of blood and was in the hospi- sacred rivers to Badrinath.

tal for six days. I .often thought of conversing "On coming back I found my way to Fyzabad, with missionaries or Christians, but my Brahmin where I found one worthy to become my Guru pride prevented me, as my training had caused (teacher) . He sat near his house which was me to regard association with them as a defile- spotlessly clean. He lived alone and allowed no ment. I talked with many sadhus, but received one using intoxicants to come within his circle.

little help. One day in school a new Hindu teach- I saluted him, and told him something of my er taught me a passage in the Hindi Ramayan, history.

the meaning of which is : "He called one of his followers from the village May that Lord, by whose grace the dumb become and gave instructions for me to be taken to the eloquent and the lame af"cend the highest mountains, who house, where suitable free hospitality was given.

is the destroyer of the guilt of this evil age, be gracious "I stayed there for some months studying YOGA also to me. VASISHTA and the RAMAYAN and one of the "If he can do this, I thought, why do I labori- GITAS. This Guru was very enlightened, a wor- ously struggle for learning. I will leave all and shipper of the One God, rejecting idols. When become His. He shall teach me all things. On he thought me somewhat advanced, he sent me coming out of the hospital I left home and took to Benares to study the LAGHU KAUMUDI, and on to the road, determined to visit sacred places, as- his recommendation I was received into the PARI- sociate with sadhus and gain the knowledge of BRAJAK MANDAL (a society of Sadhus). After God. some time spent in study here, I was not happy, "Leaving Mathura I went to Brindaban and and decided to go on the long pilgrimage to Nepa!.

there sat by the roadside tired out. Two men As I was leaving Benares you kindly spoke to me came along-one a Ramanandi and the other a and gave me a lift in your car. After leaving you Sannyasi, a good man. They stopped and asked at J aunpur, I performed the pilgrimage, and on me what I was doing there. I told them of my my return came to Ram Katora to see you. The search for God and my leaving home. They very Gospel of Luke which you gave me, I had read and kindly reasoned with me, urging me to return then passed on to a Sadhu who begged it from me.

home. "I am leaving you today, having found my Lord "'There are good sadhus,' they said, 'but they and Saviour Jesus Christ. I intend wherever I are very few. The great majority are lazy and go to preach Him as the only Saviour of men. I selfish, sensual and given to the use of stupifying am assured of your father-like love to me, and intoxicants. You are choosing a hard path. Go shall certainly come to see you and Mataji back home.' " (Mother) again, if God permits, but having re- "No," said I, "take me along with you. I ceived the true inward baptism of the Holy Spirit, will learn of you." I am going away for a time for the testing of the "'Well,' said they at last, 'we will not ask you pilgrim road before I take the outward water bap- to accompany us, but if you insist on joining us, tism. I do not wish to become a paid preacher of we will not turn you away.' " any church or mission, but to keep to my Indian "So I went with them. We walked on to Delhi way of life and so serve Christ."

and eventually to Hardwar which I found to be The young man went away with our blessing.

full of sadhus. There I came across a naga–of His meek and blameless character and his quiet the class of sadhus who wear no clothing at all. but definite holy boldness in confessing Christ on Here, I thought, is a living example of uttermost the streets of Benares and before his former renunciation. I attached myself to him as a dis- Sadhu associates (amongst whom his change has ciple and stayed with him for about a month. One caused intense antagonism) has convinced us that day he asked me to fill his pipe for him. I did he is a true disciple of the Lord and Saviour Jesus so and brought it to him. Christ.

A Typical Station In

..:( By LOIS ANNA ELY, Nantung, Kiangsu, China Jp.. Missionary of the United Christian Missionary Society T HE visitor to our city drops from a Yangtze Ours is a rural district, yet we have done little River steamer to a sampan and is rowed consistent rural work. These are our major de- ashore. There he has his choice of transpor- fects. We long to correct them and establish a tation to the city five miles away. His purse and more perfect balance in our mission work. Our his leisure will determine whether he goes by mo- school is rapidly approaching the high standard tor car, ricksha, or wheelbarrow. However he of the hospital. Through our community welfare rides he will enjoy his journey through fertile work we are more and more reaching the boys and fields, past prosperous little hamlets. Ours is a thickly populated district 1yin g about a city of some 75,000 inhabitants. The smoke- stacks of the cotton mills point to the factorization of our community, yet from every little home comes the sou n d 0 f the spinning wheel and the hand-loom.

A welcoming arch marks .the entrance to the imme- diate environs of Nantung city. We enter and come at once to the small roadway that leads to our mission homes and school, with a beautiful poplar bordered lane. Across the ma lu, at AT THE AMERICAN BOARD OUTSTATION CHEN. CHUAN PU. SHENSI the end of the lane, is the entrance to our hospital compound. These insti- young men of the city. Because of lack of inter- tutions used to be suburban but the growth of ested personnel we are doing little to promote Nantung and the removal of the city wall united rural evangelism.

the suburbs with the city proper. Our little group of eight missionaries aU have When I first saw Nantung it was engaged in a some part in the hospital program, either through program of expansion. The last five years have professional service, teaching, or regular visita- seen considerable retrenchment but a compensat- tion. Each successive year brings increasing ap- ing factor has been the growth in the Christian preciation of the ministry of the hospital and its heart of the station. fame has spread far over the countryside and into Our station is typical in that its work IS not the neighboring districts.

perfectly symmetrical and falls far short of our Our seventy-bed hospital is usually full and ideals. For instance, our hospital work is devel- often overcrowded; the clinic reaches a daily aver- oped far in advance of the other units of work. age of about sixty; our registered nurses' training Financial aid from the China Medical Board has school has some twenty-five girl students. The perfected equipment and permitted a certain hospital seems to the professional staff inade- amount of expansion. Our one mission school in quately equipped when measured by Western the district is now for girls, whereas before the standards but its good works are immeasurable.

evacuation of the missionaries in 1927 the major The busy clinic is still taken care of in the main emphasis was upon our technical school for boys. hospital building; robbing the in-patient depart- [654 ] ment of one of its wards and bringing under the lands<!ape and the girls themselves are sharing hospital roof an undue amount of confusion-for in the task. Girls who have had only a small a Chinese clinic is not a quiet place. courtyard in which to play revel in the expanse Nantungchow is interior. The really sick man of real acreage. Girls who have never before arrives on some sort of an improvised stretcher, soiled their hands in a day's work have learned varying from a bamboo bed to a huge grain bas- the fun of helping a garden to grow.

ket. He is carried by ropes and a pole on the The Nantungchow Christian Church is in the backs of blue clad coolies who sing under his load heart of the busy city. The church building is and are not too quiet as they put their burden set well back from the street and in front around down. The newcomer is usually accompanied by a courtyard are rooms which are devoted to wom- a troop of wondering friends and neighbors. The en's work. Our community welfare building clatter they make is annoying but their presence opens directly on Great South Street and houses is the hospital's opportunity to further eliminate the mission library (the only public library in prejudice. the district), game rooms, a social hall, and an The hospital experience of the average Chinese auditorium for street preaching, health demon- patient must be a pleasant memory. Every effort strations and other public meetings. Upstairs is made to keep that contact as truly expressive of are some pleasant class rooms which on Sunday generous Christian service as possible and to let are used by the Bible School and on week days the visitor know that the Christian hospital is try- serve a number of purposes.

ing to follow in the steps of the Great Healer. Evangelistic work has suffered from lack of The in-patient department naturally affords the continuity in personnel as the hospital has gained greatest opportunity to influence life. There is in by the opposite condition. For a number of years the prolonged daily contact an opportunity to tell we had been without an evangelistic missionary.

the story of Christ and to give a living demon- Our Chinese pastor left us to become principal of stration of His Way of Life. Last year the aver- one of our mission schools and our senior mission- age number of day's residence in the hospital was ary very reluctantly became our pastor. He is 23.8. The hospital has had no small degree of retiring and we are getting a new Chinese pas- success in the treatment of tubercular bone and tor. The time is indeed ripe for some excellent joint cases, both with surgery and heliotherapy. Christian work if we can have substantial lead- The surgical department has been its main adver- ership.

tisement, and successful operations have probably We conduct two Bible Schools, one at the church done more than anything else to break down fear and one in the hospital building. The midweek and distrust. prayer meeting rotates from church to hospital so Our Girls' School, called Tsong Ing from an an- as to better reach all our groups of Christians.

cient name of Nantungchow, is comfortably Each year sees progress in the reverent partici- housed across the road from the hospital. Any- pation in Christian worship. The church has its one looking at the figures for enrollment last year own working organization and we endeavor to en- and this would feel the school had made a mush- list all the Christians in the community regard- room growth-93 to 153 in one year. The growth less of their denomination. Ours is the only was not so spontaneous, however. For a number Protestant Christian Church in the district and of years we have had a capacity school at the its contribution seems pitifully small in contrast church plant. Removal to adequate quarters en- to the great need.

abled us to expand." We now have room for 200, The Community Welfare Association, a part of including kindergarten, lower and higher primary our Christian Endeavor, has succeeded in allying departments, and a Junior Middle School. On the with us for community good many who would whole registration has been beneficial to the otherwise have continued in their self-centered school, though we often feel much entangled in way. The library, which has so far been the chief red tape. interest of the Association, has about 5,000 vol- Since registration far too little has been done umes and the list of readers shows marked gains to provide extra-curricular religious education, from month to month. A reading room is main- but the Christians on the faculty are alert to their tained with a good assortment of newspapers and responsibilities. Our new Chinese pastor is alive periodicals. A children's library is a recent proj- to the problems of young people and we hope soon ect. "The welfare movement includes beginnings to accomplish more than in the days of compul- of public health work, English night classes, baths sory religious instruction. for women, some industrial work for poor women, The school has greatly enjoyed its new quar- and other projects for young and old. This work ters. There was scarcely elbow room at the is newly housed and is exulting in a new oppor- church plant. Now there is a large campus to tunity.

Rural evangelistic work is greatly neglected woman of no small ability. This group deter- both because of insufficient funds and lack of per- mines matters of station policy, passes the station sonnel. Our missionary pastor was much inter- budget, and sends on to the Administrative Com- ested in the rural evangelism but had not the time mittee various actions wanting mission approval.

for it without slighting the already understaffed Those who have worked on the Council for the city work. He made occasi.onal trips into the dis- past five or ten years have seen gratifying prog- trict, always traveling with an agricultural ex- ress in cooperation and in the assumption of re- pert, either from the University of Nanking or sponsibility on the part of the Chinese who have from the local experiment station. He has the been sharing in station administration. There dream of sending circulating units of our library has also been a growing sense of mutual appreci- out into the country district, having them housed ation on the part of missionaries and their Chi- by some influential patrons, the library quarters nese colleagues.

to be headquarters also for evangelistic work. The Our Christian work is making a new approach scheme was welcomed by the villagers and small to the community. In the days before the estabbeginnings have been made. lishment of the Nationalist Government our rela- As to our station government, the church at its tions with local officialdom were friendly but quite annual meeting elects members for the Station formal and perfunctory. Now, with a number of Council, one representative from each department prominent offices filled by former students in our of the work, and four others at large. .The Coun- mission schools or participants in our Community cil the past year was made up of the missionary Welfare Association, relationships are far more physician, the Chinese principal of our girls' frank and natural. We have been endeavoring to school, the Chinese head of our community welfare work, our missionary pastor, our picturesque ally ourselves with every force working for good old Chinese elder, a progressive young Chinese and we feel that the days ahead will see a sub- physician, and our hospital pharmacist, a Chinese stantial advance in our Christian program.

Why Give the Gospel to the ]eVs?

By the REV. M. ZEIDMAN, B. D., Toronto, Canada D: ..

Superintendent of the Scott Institute of the Presbyterian Church in Canada SHALL Christians give the Gospel to the Jews? Many missionaries to the Gentiles were martyred, If Christians believe in the Bible, there is no crucified, beheaded, and thrown into the arenas to alternative, they must. fight the wild beasts: and even in modern times, Ever since Jesus Christ "opened his mouth and missionaries to the heathen labor for years before taught them", the Church dare not, except at its they gain the confidence of these Gentiles, and own peril, shut its mouth and leave either the entrance into their homes. St. Paul, writing to Jews or anybody else, ignorant of the unsearch- the Christians in Rome, clearly explains the Genable riches of Christ until the consummation of tiles' duty to the Jews-he says, "For as ye (Genthe Kingdom of God on earth. When the Phari- tiles) in times past have not believed God, yet sees sought to silence the early Hebrew-Chris- have now obtained mercy through their unbelief: tians, Jesus said, "If these should hold their even so have these (Jews) also now not believed peace, the stones would immediately cry out." that through your (Gentile) mercy, they (the Jews) also may obtain mercy." Why Give the Gospel to the Jews? 2. Because "God hath not cast away his 1. Because the Jews first gave the Gospel to people" and they are yet to be used as instruments the Gentiles it is now the duty of the Gentiles to in His hands to establish the Kingdom of God on reciprocate. It may be said, "But the Jews do not earth. "For if the casting away of them be the want the Gospel." So did the Gentiles at first reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving refuse to listen to the preaching of the Jews. of them be, but life from the dead?" For this reason the Gospel must be preached to the Jews.

WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE JEWS?

God chose the Jews, and He sent every prophet, in driving them further away. A few years ago, beginning with Moses, to the Jew first. He gave Reform Rabbis were all anti-Zionists, and they the Bible to the Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. saw the only salvation for the Jew in the temple, The messages of the great prophets were to the not in Zion. But experience is a wonderful teacher, Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. Christ came and seeing that the masses would not attend to the Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. The either the Orthodox synagogue or the Reform Glad Tidings were preached to the Jews first, temple, most Reform Rabbis are now being conand also to the Gentiles. St. Paul declared that verted to Zionism. The Rabbis, who only a few the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the power unto sal- months ago said that "the United States of vation to everyone that believeth, to the Jew first, America is our Palestine, and the city of Washingand also to the Gentiles. ton our Jerusalem," and who cut out from the ritual and prayer book every reference to Pales- As Palestine was God's training ground for His tine, are now seen on Zionist platforms, singing people, so were the Jews God's pupils. He again the songs of Zion. trained them and frequently used the rod on them, for the purpose of making them a priestly The moral life of the Jewish people also connation, to instruct the Gentiles in the righteous- stitutes a challenge to the Church. That subject, ness of God. They have not yet attained the however, we deliberately omit, so that we may status of teachers. If the Jews, in the time of avoid being dubbed anti-Semite. On one thing Moses were in the kindergarten stage in God's we may all agree, however, namely that the Jew training school for higher service, arid were, be- is as good as the Gentile. But if the Jew is no fore Christ in the primary school, they have now better than the Gentile, then God knows that he gone backward rather than forward, for multi- is as badly in need of the Gospel as the Gentile. tudes have altogether thrown off what little they 4. Because God sent His only begotten Son as knew about God. a missionary to the Jews. Jesus said, "I am not The enemies of missions to Jews make capital come· but to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." He was pre-eminently a missionary to the Jews. of the fact that the Jews have the Old Testament, and believe in God: that they gave us the How to Do This Mission Work prophets, the Bible, and our God. But the most superficial observer can see how the multitude of It would not be practical to give here a detailed Jewry is drifting fast away from both the syna- plan or program of how to do mission work among gogue and God; and the Bible is a book unknown all sorts and conditions of a people who are scatin the average Jewish home. tered all over the face of the earth. However, the first and most important factor in mission There was hardly a prophet or preacher of the work among Jews of all classes of social, political righteousness of God in Jewry, who was not per- and religious opinions is the approach. It is evisecuted, thrown into a pit, sawn asunder, or cru- dent that, if wrongly approached, the Jew may cified by the same people from whom they came. be actuall~ prejudiced against Christ rather than The Bible is the message of the God whom they brought nearer to Him. rejected, and the record of the prophets whom they persecuted. The Bible is locked up in the Personally, we have very strong and definite "ark" in the synagogue, while they are "teach- opinions on this matter, and though our methods ing for doctrine, the commandments of men." It are strictly Scriptural, they are not being made is very significant, that for the last nineteen hun- use of by many missionaries. This method of dred years the Jewish people have made no effort approach was the means by which Christ and His to give the Bible to the Gentiles, nor have they apostles, as well as all primitive Christians, found produced a single translation of Holy Scripture. their way into the synagogue. They worshipped, Only very recently Jewish leaders, alarmed over preached and expounded the Scriptures there. the fact that their people were buying transla- Neither Christ Himself, nor the apostles ever left tions in their own vernacular from Christian col- the synagogue; on the contrary, they took part in porteurs, went to the trouble of issuing an Eng- the synagogue as well as in the temple worshiplish and Yiddish translation of the Old Testament for they were the real Jews, the true children of for themselves. God. Those who did not measure up to Christ's criterion of an Israelite were driven out of the 3. A third reason for preaching the Gospel temple, but Christians did not voluntarily leave to the Jews, is the present moral and religious the temple or the synagogue. If anyone had a condition of Hebrews, both in Europe and Amer- right there,' it was the believer and follower of ica. In the United States, as well as in Canada, Jesus Christ, the Son of the Living God. It was the mass of the younger people have left the syna- not the Hebrew Christian who left the synagogue, gogue. The Reform movement, that was to bring but it was rather the synagogue which excommuback all the Jews to the fold, has only succeeded

nicated the Hebrew Christian. But we must con- not lofty enough for a modern Jew. If the Protes- fess that, in many cases, we Hebrew Christians tant Church ceases to present the Gospel to the have looked upon this excommunication as a god- Jew, it will leave the field for some fanatic sects, send to escape persecution; and we have piously or to the Roman Catholic Church, who believes it- and gladly said, "Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." self to be the only true Church, the final revelation If our approach to the Jew is to meet with any of God and the only custodian of the faith. Or in degree of success, we must declare like St. Paul the words of Jesus "the stones will immediately of old "And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, cry out."

that I might gain the Jews; to them that are God has never asked permission from the Jews under the law, as under the law, that I might to send to them prophet, teacher, or missionary.

gain them that are under the law." And again If He had, the world today would be in darkness he wrote, "As the Lord hath called everyone, so and without a Saviour. The Jews would still be let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches. worshipping in groves, and sacrificing their chil- Is any man called being circumcized, let him not dren to Moloch; instead of the Church of the liv- become uncircumcized." This is the right method ing God, we would have the Pillars of Baal.

of approach to the Jew. It is sound Scripture; While God has said "the house of Israel will not good psychology, and a gesture of goodwill that hearken unto thee; for they will not hearken unto cannot but make a wonderful impression on every me," yet He admonishes the prophet and mission- Jew. ary "be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of Great pressure is being brought by some Re- their words, though briers and thorns be with form Jews upon Protestant leaders, to discontinue thee, and thou dost dwell among scorpions; be not missionary work among the Jews. If the Church afraid of their words, nor be dismayed at their ceases to give the Gospel to the Jew then why looks, though they be a rebellious house.

should not the Buddhist, Moslem, and Hindu lead- "And thou shalt speak my words unto them, ers demand the same recognition for their reli- whether they will hear or whether they will for- gion? The Church has either a Gospel for "every bear: for they are most rebellious." (Ezekiel creature" or for no one at all. A religion that is 2:6-7.) not good enough or necessary for the Jew, is not The duty of the Church of Christ is clear. 0 good enough or necessary for the Chinese. A Church of God "that bringest good tidings, get faith that cannot save a Jew in America will do thee up into the high mountain; 0 Jerusalem, that very little for a native of Africa. If the Church bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with gives up missionary work among Jews, it admits strength; lift it up, be not afraid, say unto the that Christianity is a religion for Gentiles, but cities of Judah-Behold your God!" (Is. 40 :9.) The Light in a Korean Prison The northern part of the Sungjin field extends across the hour a day and I shall be satisfied," said Mr. Kim. Tuman River into Manchuria· where the Cl;linese perse- The magistrate finally consented, saying, "One hour a cuted the Koreans despite the fact that orders came from the Chinese authorities that they must not do so. day and no longer; prepare a list of your subjects and One day Elder Kim Chang Young, the Korean Christian present me a written outline of your disc()urses." evangelist up there, was called. into the county office and the magistrate said to him, "We have heard that you are "Ten thousand thanks, your Honor," said the evangelist the leader in this movement against the Chinese up here." and returned to his confinement happy. "No," replied the elder, "I preach only the Gospel, and The next day at four-thirty he brought the light of the exhort people against bad action. Our religion teaches us that we must love our enemies and do good to them." Gospel into that dark prison. Exactly at five-thirty the "Where do you preach?" demanded the magistrate. guard shouted, "Time's up; back to your cell."

"I preach here and in the villages up the river," he re- The following day again the lights shone for an hour.

plied. By the third day even the guards were becoming interested "We must telephone,". said the magistrate, "to find out and they forgot to look at their watches at the end of whether you are telling the truth. Since it is late and the the hour. Four days, five days, six days passed. By the sun now setting you must wait in the prison until we can seventh day the sermons were two hours long and the investigate." prayers to the Heavenly Father were listened to with Morning came but there was no call from the magistrate. reverence. The next day passed but no release … the third day the elder began to think, "The Lord must have some reason After the tenth day the elder was called before the for putting me here; many of my fellow countrymen are magistrate who said, "We see that you are an upright in the prison too. Whether a prisoner or a free man I must man and no troublemaker. You are released." preach the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ; I'll ask the magistrate for permission to preach to the prisoners." "Again ten thousand thanks. But how about the other So he sent his request to the magistrate. prisoners? May I come each day and preach to them?" "Oh no, you cannot address the prisoners; that would never do. How do I know that you would not stir up he bravely asked.

trouble?" The magistrate refused. "But, your Honor, I just want to tell them about God The next day most of the other prisoners were also and His love, and the way of salvation. Just give me one released.

On Sunday the Christians of the village gathered in the little church and there was great rejoicing for their evan- gelist was back, and in the congregation were many new faces, prisoners, but prisoners of the Lord Jesus Christ who had caused His Light to shine upon them in dark places. REV. E. A. KNECHTEL, Sungjin, Korea.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'~=================I'~ HOW TO BUILD EFFECTIVE through invitations, personal or magazines they have been and printed; through posters; reading. PROGJtAMS through bulletin board an- nouncements ; through church C. It is necessary that the In view of the fact that pro- calendar announcements. program be held under gram material for the several proper physical conditions. missionary organizations is 2. Lead to a definite service frequently assembled and whip- by E;lvery member. This should 1. Be sure that the place of ped into shape at the close of the be personal-soul-winning in meeting is conducive to proper calendar year, the following sug- home, neighborhood, among impressions. For example, a gestions adapted from a de- friends and strangers; prayer clean room, attractive pictures nominational leaflet may prove for church, missionaries and and flowers, good light and air, boards; work among new homey appearance. serviceable. Americans; interest in civic af- fairs (local, national, interna- 2. Be sure the music is ap- A. Have a definite aim-two- tional) . It should also be by propriate to the occasion. fold. proxy, through missionaries, in the way of prayer for their 3. Have the program fol- 1. An enlargement of vision friends; through gifts of money lowed by a get-acquainted time on the part of every woman comparable with one's ability with some recreation. church member. to give. 4. Time and length of meet- This means the program B. In order to carry out this ing may vary, but an hour well must con t a i n information two-fold aim, the leader spent is better· than a longer which informs-continuity of should- period poorly spent. Not so interest should be presented in many minutes used but quality a series of programs. It must 1. Know the kind of pro- of material and manner in be interesting-unusual, varied, gram needed to catch interest which it is presented mean a topics well thought out. As a of both interested and unin- good meeting. rule it is better to use topics terested. She must be familiar for the year (more helps avail- with the subject to be pre- METHODS SEEDLINGS able). Use impersonations, sented, also with the sort of adapted leaflets, pageants and activities that can be given to In harmony with the present plays. Sometimes have discus- different women. view of a unified world-field, sions. Do not "pool ignorance" with "home" and "foreign" but study all sides of the sub- 2. She must print or mimeo- lines wiped out save for adminject before the discussion. Oc- graph the program in as at- i s·t rat i v e convenience, the casionally have an outside tractive a manner as possible. monthly programs published in speaker. The practice of read- Women and Missions (t h e ing articles in the meetings 3. She should keep on the monthly magazine of Presbyteshould be discouraged. lookout for new and current rian women), are most signifi- m.aterial, using not only things cant, coordinating and blending The program must also be specific to her denomination balanced themes. These prowell prepared and well pre- but those pertaining to the grams must go far toward cresented. Personnel is important. world's missionary work in a ating the mood for "'world-mind- Use many women. Study the large way. edness" which is so desirable. talents of the women church A series of programs runs somemembers. Adapt assignments 4. Have individual features, thing like this: to individuals. Include young such as a question box to which people, children and men (this all have access, roll call .in The Philippine Islands and the may mean some evening meet- which members make their op- West Indies; both possessions of ings) . tional responses, opportunity to Spain in early years and bearing describe features that im- similar strains of colorful thinking, The program should deepen pressed them most in the books dramatic temperaments, passionate the spiritual life of all who power to love or hate, etc.; hear it. [659 ] Following Jesus the Pi 0 nee r, It must be well advertised-

through Alaska and India–compar- Friend, a magazine of the incident brought tears to her ing the valiant pioneers of the past Methodist Episcopal Church, eyes. Tell it." Doubtless some who opened the missionary enterprise tells of the following methods: reward is given to those answerin the two countries; ing the most questions correctly "The Mystery Missionary in a given period. Rural Life East and West–Siam Mother" plan was used in the and Our Southern Mountaineers– First M. E. church, at Akron, O. A Calico Tea, Luncheon or attempts to minister in the untouched Folders made from fancy envel- Demonstration is popular among r,egions of both; ope linings were cut to measure our Methodist friends to make four by five inches, folded in the the most of this year of simplic- The Leaven of Christianity in Us- middle and arranged as the ity and sacrifice. Calico is the Through Us to Moslem and Mormon cover for an inside sheet of symbol for the campaign. Cal- Lands (both historically polyga- paper on which was typed: ico pockets are passed out to re- ceive sacrificial gifts, the little mous) ; Merry Christmas leaflet enclosed to be read and Japan and Foreigners in America; cherished by each recipient until Training Negro Leaders in Africa As God gav:e a Son to Mary, the spirit of sacrifice takes pos- On that Christmas long ago, session of her own life. There and America; So we give to you a daughter is much to be said for the value Linking the Continents through a Whose dear name you soon will know. of such visualization and project As you peep inside the capsule work. Study of Leadership. And the mystic name you see, You must guard your secret if you In one program, good reso- This is constructive program Would a Mystery Mother be. lutions were wedded to expres- sions of gratitude, such as : building. Outside the folder was tied a "Because I am thankful for my The department designated wrapped capsule containing the sight I will read to the blind name of a young woman belong- this year"; "In thanksgiving "Our Literature Table" in each ing to the young people's depart- for health I will make it a point month's issue of this magazine ment in the Sunday School. to call upon the sick and shuthas a full list of all leaflets, These were passed through the ins"; "In gratitude for my own plays, etc., bearing o;n the uni- audience assembled to hear an Christian home, I will serve on fied program appearmg on an authority on young woman's the board or in some other way work speak, and fifty women aid in the work for the local opposite page. orphanage and so provide a A note to program leaders took folders. substitute for a father or moth- In April a Mystery Party was er"; "Because my own daughemphasized in the same maga- ter has grown up pure and zine: "Warn participants that held, each girl being introduced strong, I will give myself to they will be kept strictly to to all the "Mystery Mothers" the rescue of less fortunate time." Exchanges please copy! present but having no inkling as young women who have trans- to whose her own might be. In gressed." A National Missions Gift May, a young woman's mission- Shop was started at the Presby- ary society was organized as a This service was followed up terian Headquarters in New result of the directed efforts of by an effort to direct the activi- York City a year ago as a mar- this group of mothers. ties thus determined upon, and ket for the mission field and to the whole community felt the acquaint supporters of the work In September the disclosure uplift. Would not this be somewith the industries of the mis- party was held by the auxiliary, thing new in your church? sion centers and their unique the daughters presenting the products. The goods displayed entertaining features. The ef- A UNIQUE PROGRAM ON ranged all the way from minia- fort has been a marked success, ture totem poles to Mexican, In- both at Akron and Chardon, THE MOUNTAINEERS dian and Oriental rugs, pottery, Ohio. It seems worth passing silver, etc. All funds thus ac- on. From East Liberty comes It was called "The Publication cumulated are turned back into the repercussion, in that a group of the Mountain Outlook." Its the work. This venture is a serv- of girls organized themselves as outline appeared on the Sunice sword with a double edge. "Mystery Daughters" and chose day calendar and was most for their secret mothers women curiosity-tickling. When the au- At a Fellowship Meeting at not interested in missionary dience arrived the platform had Titusville, Pa., the women of the work in the hope that their ef- been set with everything pos- Presbyterian Mission Society forts might bring the women sible to make it look like a busy arrange, through their "evening into the Women's Foreign Mis- newspaper office, even to a division," a meeting once a year sionary Society. "It's a poor 'phone and a waste paper basto which all other denominations rule that will not work both ket! Stenographers were busy in the community are invited. ways." typing at the start. Presently At the sixth such gathering, the the editor rose and said he did ushers were members of Jewish, In the same periodical a "Mys- not know what had come over Roman Catholic'and Protestant tery Box" is a monthly feature, churches, in close cooperation. the contents of each issue being The speaker was a Jewish rabbi covered by a list of curiositywhose theme was the great need tickling questions such as, "The of the spirit of goodwill among church folk, taking for his text the words of Christ, "Blessed are the peacemakers." This sounds rather millennial.

The W 0 man's Missionary

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the. paper; it was losing sub- use d wit h any missionary (b) Banditry (c) Civil war sCrI?ers the bes~ he could do. theme.-Adapted from Women (d) ~xploitation by foreign na- VarIOUS suggestIOns and com- and Missions. tIOns ments followed from members A Fleet of Ships (e) Development of consciousness of the staff. In the midst of of power, etc.

the discussion, there appeared ~Ienrieso.neof live city church a 2. Mending her education at this time a woman in calico dress and "Ship, Ahoy" rn'eetsunbonnet, exclaiming: of change (a) Education for girls (pp. 163 "Is this yere the place where mgs ~s conducted to give each 164) . ' they make writin' folks can standmg committee in the wom- (b) Christian schools (pp. 167- an'~ organization an oppor- 173) read? Over on tother side of tumty to hold a meeting ex- (c) Religious education (pp. 173the mountain, the pappies and ploiting its own work. The outmammies can'.t read, an' we line is as follows: 178) thought you mIght do somethin' "Ship, Ahoy! All Aboard" (d) Educating home-makers (pp. by the Industrial Departmen't 181-185) (e) Training teachers (pp. 185- so the chillern would be differ- starting the year. ' 187) ent." ~'All Hands Aboard" was (f) Rural .education (pp. 187-189) Here a bright reporter jumped (g) Unfimshed task of education up and asked, "Why not dedi- handled by the Membership cate an issue of our paper to (pp. 201-203) those mountaineers ?" So the plan developed in short order. Committee. 3. Mending China spiritually. The staff artist drew a map of the mountain section ~nd ex- "Comradship" (the devo- (a) "I could not share my message plained it. The telegraph editor, answering a call at the tionals on "Setting Sail"), fea- and not share her load" (pp. 'phone, received a report of a strike in the mills, with its sad tured a Mothers' and Daugh- 198, 199) news of labor conditions that needed alleviation. The editor (b) "The mission hospitals … are of the Woman's Page entered with hand-made baskets, etc., ters' program by the young the most telling exhibition of people's division. the love of Christ ..• that the "Friendship," "Fellowship," country has" (pp. 199-201) "W 0 r s hip," "Leadership," (c) "Is the evangelistic task com- plete w.hen only one in every "Stewardship" and "Ships that 157 Chmese is a Christian?"

Come In" (an Installation (This includes Catholics.) (pi> . 203-211) Luncheon) completed the series, 4. How mend China? the corresponding committees yv (a) Reinforcements (pp. 211-213) being easily guessed. (b) e need to learn joy of shar- mg (pp. 213-222) and asked for a cut to show How to Get a Circulating Lithis native handiwork. To a brary into Action 5. Mendi~g Ch~na today-telling the reporter was assigned the task s~ory m Chma. (Use denominaof writing up the educational Ask ten or twelve women from tIonal leaflets specific to your own conditions and the mISSIon among. y~mr friends to buy work, if desired.) schools. The "want-ad" clerk one mISSIOnary book each to — prepan~d an advertisement call- f orm a nucleus for a library. ing for teachers and workers These could be purchased at Ad.apted from programs prepared for the who would give these people a Bap~lst Board of Education by ,Anna Canada chance and another advertisement aiming to interest church Swam.

fo!k .in investing their money in from 50 cents to $3.00 or $4.00 mISSIOn schools. The editor-in- each, depending upon the book. A Hindu's Vision of Christ chief then read an editorial pleading for a chance for these You might charge five or ten really fine Americans. The ro- cents a week for borrowing I heard a learned Hindu give togravure section of the paper was represented by lantern these books and so form a fund this public testimony: "I once slides showing actual conditions among the mountaineers. The from which to buy more. The saw Christ, and I have never offering taken was designated as subscriptions to the paper to women would be fascinated by forgotten the vision. The plague be used by the organization in its mission work. Miniature such books as "The Bantu Are was raging in the city and copies of the paper (which vCoolm~minegs,"by"BJeehainndMMacuKdenWziae,lls~"f everybody ~hiacdk fled in terror ex- cept the and the dying.

AfrIca, anMd isostheCrasrmoinchaveal~iouosf . dWplroahgvouelee-ssdetcort~~IcOnknesntwhseercretoI.Oduneg,seh3rt:end~th. taoIt India fi.elds. The Missionary Educa- hon Movement has a large my surphse I saw a miSSIOn- nw~uimcbhercanofbe books some of ary lady, Mrs. D-, coming out bought at a low of one of the houses where prlCe.-Delavan L. Pierson. twh.Ietrhe hewrahsanpdlasgeuxet.endSehde becfaomree ~igh.t be suitable leaflets) were PROGRAMS ON her and she said, 'I am sorry, dIstrIbuted to the audience as Mr. S-, that I cannot shake it dispersed and the proclama- "LADY FOURTH DAUGHTER hands with you, for my hands tion was made that the effort OF CHINA" are plague-stained.' As I looked had gained subscribers and lift- Mending China (Chapters V and VI) at her wit h plague-stained ed the paper out of its rut. hands, I saw Christ." This program-mold might be 1. Why China needs mending -E. STANLEY JONES. (a) Famine . BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~l~~~,==~==================================~~========================~ A Call to Prayer The Christ Child Comes Goes Out To All People The power of "the unknown one of law observance." Whether this is a true indictment or not "Come unto me all ye that labor and Christian" in our midst during is not a question in this article, these terrible days was likened but rather whether as individual are heavy laden" to that of "the unknown sol- Christians we are observing and enforcing within our individual dier," by Dr. Adolf Keller, dis- lives the two great command- ments of the Prince of Peace. tinguished European visitor in a "For perfect success at a Dis- recent address to Christian lead- armament Conference," said Dr. Woolley at the recent reception ers. given in her honor by the Na- Most of us are called to be tional Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, "the first es- "the unknown Christians" who sential is the disarmed mind. If can this very day in our very 'moral disarmament' had been achieved, as it should have been town-place do our full share "to in the years since the war, ma- terial disarmanent would be prepare in the wilderness the speeded up." The Eighth Annual Conference on the Cause and way of Jehovah; in the desert a Cure of War is called for Janu- ary 17-20, inclusive. Church highway for our God." Will we women now are preparing in arise, claim the heritage of study groups for strengthening the cause · of "moral disarma- strength which is ours, think ment." The representatives of the organizations of the Ameri- and act for peace during this can Association of University Women, the Council of Women season when we anticipate the for Home Missions, the Federa- celebration of the coming of the tion of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions of North Amer- Prince of Peace? It is a custom ica, the General Federation of among German Christians to Women's Clubs, the National Board of the Young Women's greet each other during the Ad- Christian Associations, the Na- vent season with "Das Christ- tional Council of Jewish Wom- kind kommt." All the church en, the National Federation of Business and Professional Wom- services are directed toward en's Clubs, the National League of Women Voters, the National "Hear our prayer, 0 Lord" careful and prayerful celebra- Woman's Christian Temperance tion of Christmas. In the homes Union, the National Women's "Follow Thou Me" greens are hung,' wreaths and Conference of American Ethical Union, and the National Wom- candles are exchanged, and en's Trade Union League have practically pledged themselves IN PRAYER Christmas carols and anthems as individuals and as groups to do their part to bring about "And it came to pass in those days, that he are sung from morning to night went out Into the mountain to pray; and for the weeks preceding Christcontinued all night in prayer to God. , And when it was day, he called his disciples; and mas Day. Let us remember that He came he chose from them twelve. "And at even • . . all the city was gathered as a child and later He taught together at the door…• And in the morn- that unless we became child-like ing, a great while before day, he departed into a solitary place, and there prayed. "Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest."

IN SERVICE we could not even enter the "Whosoever would be first among you shall Kingdom of Heaven. Such a be your servant, even as the Son of man teaching is one of serious concame not to be ministered unto but to min- ister, and to give his life. cern to His followers who would "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done establish the Kingdom of Heaven it unto me~" on earth. There is a great dy- IN STEADFASTNESS namic .strength in the definite- "When the time was come that be should , ness of the two great laws of the be received up, he steadfastly set his face to Kingdom of God. I suppose it go to J erusalem." can be said of us here as gener- IN SACRIFICE "If any man will' come after me let him deny himself, and take UP his cross and fol- ally "that Americans do not keep low me. "Then said J esus. Father, forg ive them; for the laws; and that it is not a they know not what they do. '" And the question of law enforcement but people stood beholding."

[662 ]

BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

world disarmament by thinking Way of Christ and the Cross." peace, and concretely demon- On Armistice Sunday, a great strating Christ's love to one's company of us heard the Call to neighbor, and love to one's Worship.

enemy. He hath made of one blood all 'IWr Let us, the followe;rs of the tions of men to dwell on the face of p'rince of Peace, prepare now for the Christmas celebration; the ewrth. (Acts 17:26.) Behold how He that hath seen me, hath seen think peace and goodwill among pleasant it is for brethren to dwell to- the Father.-John 14 :9. men, act peace and goodwill gether in unity. (Psalms 133 :1.) among men until the power of And now we have before us the '~Snake, Coyote, show me your "the unknown Christians" in our preparation and celebration of God," was demanded contemptland and throughout the world the coming into human experi- uously of one of the Presbymove the governments to estab- ence of the Christ-child when the terian Navajo Indian preachers, lish material disarmament. to which Spot-of-the-Whiskers- very citizens of heaven sang President Wilson during the on-the-Chin (William Gorman is World War called for a national Glory be to God in the highest, Day of Prayer. The proclama- And on earth peace, goodwill toward his English name) replied: "I tion was as follows: men. am showing Him to you now.

ADVENT SUPPLICATION He is standing in me. If He were Translated from a German Ser1)- not, you could not talk to me like ice of Worship. ' that." Thus the life and teach- Whereas, great nations of the world ings of Jesus Christ are most have taken up arms against one an- Father in heaven, we live in a time convincingly revealed today in a other and war now draws millions of person living the Christ-life. men into battle whom the council of full of unrest and strife. Our homestatesmen have not been able to save land lies in bonds, our church is in CHURCH GOLDEN RULE from the terrible sacrifice; danger, anxiety will not let our hearts DINNERS AND PARISH OBSERVANCE OF INTER- And whereas, in this as in all things be quiet. And so from our souls' NATIONAL GOLDEN RULE it is our privilege and duty to seek depths we yearn for peace, for Thy WEEK counsel and succor of Almighty God, humbling ourselves before Him, con- kingdom in which Thy holy will gov- The World is n.ow one neighborfessing our weakness and lack of any erns all and Thy ordinances are kept; hood; wisdom in these things; we yearn for Thy Prince of Peace The Golden Rule would make it And whereas, it is the especial wish who anew reveals to us Thy fathom- one brotherhood. and longing of the people of the less love, and in whom we can hope United States in prayer and counsel It is suggested to women's misand all friendliness, to serve the cause with full confidence. Lord, fulfill for sionary societies and other orof peace;' us this hope! Let us not be con- ganizations that a church supper founded! or luncheon be served in the Therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, week preceding the week of De- President of the United States of H ewr us, g&ntle Lord God. cember 11-18. The 21 economy America, do assign Sunday, the fourth Strengthen Thy church, that she menus which are planned to proday of October next, a day of prayer vide a family of five with adeand supplication and do request all may proclaim Thy word faithfully and quate sustenance for an entire God-fearing persons to repair on that purely. Bless the education of youth week at a maximum cost of $8.88 day to their places of worship there to can be secured free from the unite their petitions to Almighty God, that the good seeds which thou hast Golden Rule Foundation, 60 East that overruling the counsel of men, laid in human hearts may come up 42nd street, New York. The setting straight the things they can- booklet contains also "Food for not govern or alter, taking pity on the and bear noble fruits. Make straight Mind and Heart" with "unseen nations now in the throes of conflict in the difference between individual cir- guests" invited for each meal. His mercy and goodness, showing a way where men can see none, vouch- cumstances and calling and build the "For their sakes" let us "keep safe His children healing peace again bridge of love from class to class, the feast." Many who have given and restore once more that concord until they cannot give another among men and nations without which from heart to heart. penny will be enabled by the use there can be neither happiness nor Hear us, gentle Lord God. of these economy menus to entrue friendship nor any wholesome large the family participating in fruit of toil or thought in the world, Give wisdom to our magistrates "daily bread." praying also to this end and that He that they care to do that which serves forgive us our sins, our ignorance of us best. Give us that which is neces- The Golden Rule Foundation His holy will, our wilfulness and many errors, and lead us in the paths sary for our daily sustenance so that of obedience to places of vision and we through worry about the needs of to thoughts and counsels that purge our outward man may not forget to care for our, eternal happiness. Let and make wise. each honest undertaking, each good Now in 1932, many pastors business enjoy the fruit of its labor.

H ewr us, gentle Lord God. Care for the sick and poor; open hearts and hands to help allay mis- ery. Protect widows and orphans and counsel them who on earth have no other counsel. Give them all Thy light so that they do not perish in the dark- ness. Hear us, gentle Lord God. And because Christmas Eve stands and people of the churches of the at our door, because Thy only begot- asks that at least the amount United States of America kept saved by these menus over the October 2-8 as "A Week of Peni- ten Son knocks again at our heart regular household budget be tence and Prayer." "The church asking entrance, give us an open mind and heart that we may not close our- given to a local church project selves against Him and His gift; that dares not stand aside and whis- we and all the world may open the or to one of the many philanper peace to itself or to the na- doors of our hearts so that He may fill thropic organizations which are' tion when there is no peace . . . us with comfort and power, with joy hard put to it these days to meet and the hope of Thy eternal Kingdom. their obligations. the only adequate way is the Hewr us, gentle Lord God. Amen.

What Dividends In West Virginia?

From the day the first missionary came to Coal Local leadership has become a real asset to River Valley the Light has shone. Then the the work. One elder is truly a miracle of grace. lives of the missionaries were in danger; Three years ago he was bound by chains of women could not leave their homes alone day drink, bootlegging, profaning, and wife beator night without being molested; shootings ing; now he bears witness daily to the transand drinking were the common occurrence. forming power of God in his life-a meek man, Now the missionaries go and come any hour devoted to his family and zealous for the Lord. of day or night with confidence not only in the Every night finds him laboring in some reli- Lord but in the friendship of the people; gious meeting. women alone and in groups travel up and down the valley on every occasion. True, there are The only doctor in our valley, employed by some shootings and many gallons of moonshine, the Ameagle Mining Company, is changed from but fear of God is in the hearts of even the a worldly man, harried by many calls and imworst sinners. patient with the poor sick, into a tender physi- cian with radiant face presenting the story of Our first educational work in the valley was salvation to the unsaved. Two converts of a day school. This developed into a boarding recent years conducted special meetings in Auschool; then later came cooperation with the gust, with over thirty conversions. Contrast district high school, for which we supplied such service of converts with conditions a few part of the teaching force. Now a first class years ago when the heads of less than a dozen high school, manned by employees of the local homes in all the valley were Christians. Trans- Board of Education, ministers to the youth of formed homes! Yes, many of them. For ex- Coal River Valley and the students from our ample-the worst moonshiner died, his wife Pattie C. Stockdale Home. The boys and girls took the Lord into her heart and declared she come from districts without high schools or sec- was forever done with drink. Next we find ondary education. "I never could get a high her telling the story of salvation to a former school education if it were not for Pattie Stock- partner in the moonshine business. The hunger dale" is a common remark among our students. wolf knocks at her door now; moonshining Parents ambitious for their children sound a would drive him away, but she remains true to chorus of praise for the influence of the Chris- her Lord. tian Home upon their children. Two of our graduates who entered college this fall were So many souls are being born into the Kingwithout opportunity to develop in their home dom this year that the problem is to bring to communities; both are now in training for mis- each one help in personal problems and instrucsionary service. tion in spiritual matters. Nearly fifty have united with the church since April. One beau- We wish we might portray the transforma- tiful young girl who had been engrossed in tion in our valley. Formerly there was no so- worldly things now testifies that her great joy cial life, no schooling for 'teen age youth, no is Bible reading and secret prayer. Last week reading matter, not even a religious service. she said, "I cannot imagine how I ever was Now there is interest in high school functions, what I used to be. I've been a Christian two hours are devoted to school and library books, months. If I love the Lord this much in two and representative groups gather several hours months I can't imagine what it will be in ten each week for worship in Sunday schools, years." Christian Endeavor, Bible study, and prayer There are no stock market crashes or bank meetings. Eleven Sunday schools, sixteen failures in heaven. Silver and gold are tawdry prayer meetings, and numerous other gather- in comparison to human souls, but who can tell ings each week under the supervision of the what dividends they will bring when consemissionaries, testify to spiritual life in many crated to our Master's service?

communities. HELEN JULIUS, Colcord, West Virginia.

r au;M~~r~~:~~~~u~~~e~?ok

4.~»~1====~~==================~ NORTH AMERICA Rural Training at Nashville al daily devotions, enrich- Disciples in Depression Missionary workers in the ment of public worship South will be interested to hear and church attendance. For a depression year, the at- of the cooperative enterprise in 2. Aggressive soul winning tendance at the national con- the interest of rural training through personal work, vention of the Disciples of for Christian leaders, worked educational evangelism, Christ, Indianapolis (October out by Vanderbilt University, evangelistic preaching and 11-16) was remarkable. More George Peabody College for the holding of special than 10,000 registered. Teachers, Scarritt College for night-by-night services. ChristianWorkers, the Y.M.C.A. 3. The conservation of evan- The reports of missionary op- Graduate School, the Disciples gelistic results by the care erations during the past year of Christ Foundation, and the and culture of the new showed a decrease of 17 per Congregational Foundation, all members, and of the memcent in the receipts of the located at Nashville, Tenn. Four bers who move from one United Christian Missionary types of workers have been in community to another. Society and an adjustment of the minds of the cooperating the budget to the available agencies: The theme for a series of funds, chiefly by economies in one-day conferences is to be administration, reduction of sal- (1) Home and foreign mis- "Forward Together with Christ aries, and the withdrawal of sionaries of various denomina- in Evangelism."

missionaries from Tibet, Japan tions who, while on furlough, A Christian Steward and the Philippines. It is be- desire to use a part of their lieved that the accumulated defi- furlough in special preparation A. A. Hyde of Wichita, Kancit of the Society will remain for rural work; sas, who is now eighty-four years of age and still going stabilized at about $800,000 un- (2) Country pastors and strong, has had a remarkable til an improvement of the gen- financial history. He was born eral economic situation gives other rural workers who feel i n Lee, Massachusetts, on opportunity for its reduction. A the need of better equipment March 2, 1848, and moved to striking feature of the report of for social and religious work Wichita in 1872. He entered foreign work is the large place among rural peoples; the banking business, but in the occupied by the Congo mission, collapse of 1887 he lost everywhich has nine-tenths of all (3) Candidates for mission- thing and found himself in Disciple churches in foreign ary service at home a~d abroad, debt. Starting again he estabfields and which contributed who are looking forward to three-fourths of the baptisms service in rural communities. lished a small soap business and during the past year, though it in 1890 began the manufacture (4) Nationals from those of Mentholatum, consecrating has only about 7 per cent of the countries which possess great his life and his business to investment in buildings and rural populations, who are pur- God. He was prospered, paid equipment. suing their studies in America, and desire to give special con- sideration to problems of rural life. his debts and in his partner- Lutherans Cut Budget The school will open January ship with God has given largely 5th and be in session for six of his time, strength and money A reduction of $400,000 in the weeks. to help spread the Gospel and annual budget of the United its benefits at home and abroad. Lutheran Church in America Advance in Evangelism Planned He has been a potent factor in was approved by the biennial evangelistic work in his own As a result of a conference convention held in Philadelphia. on Evangelism held at North- city and state and in the work The budget for the next three field last June, attended by fifty of the Presbyterian Church. He years was cut from $2,400,000 representatives of the cooperat- has given hundreds of thouto $2,000,000. The convention sands of dollars to missionary re-elected Dr. Frederick H. ing churches, a program of work at home and in other Knubel, of New York, president evangelism was adopted which lands. At Estes Park, Colo- of the church for his eighth sets forth three major items for rado, he provided land and sevterm. Dr. Knubel, who is 63 the coming year: en buildings for the Y. M. C. A.

years old, has been president 1. The deepening of the spir- annual conferences, where min- since 1918. itual life through person- isters and 0 the r Christian [665 ]

workers meet for physical, men- she teaches two children's class- ica, get very little from an tal and spiritual refreshment. es in Sunday school. He has been one of the chief Arabic service.-Syria N eW8 backers of the Omi "Mustard Quarterly. Seed" Mission in Japan started ANNABELLE STEWART, On the "Wheat Standard" by Dr. Wm. M. Vories, and has Stockdale, W. Va. Driven by existing circum- Russian Church Decline generously supported 0 the r At a recent convention of the stances the Clairmont Church Federated Russian Orthodox in Grande Prairie Presbytery, Christian work throughout the Clubs in Brooklyn the opinion world. Mr. Hyde is one of the Alberta, Canada, went on the d e v 0 ted stewards who has was expressed that the Russian "wheat standard" as a system greatly enriched his own life and the lives of others by his Orthodox Church is faced with of church financing. A new gifts, dispensing his wealth extinction in the United States during his lifetime. subscription list was composed unless it can hold the younger of two sections, one made up persons of Russian descent of those giving through the within its fold. The convention duplex envelopes, the other for Saved from Suicide voted to send young men to the farmers who would contribute Orthodox Theological Institute wheat, at the end of the half Life away from home without in Paris each year in order that year if they had it in store, or the restraints of parents holds they might be trained as priests at the end of the year if prommany perils for youth. A and instructors to establish ised on the basis of crop just young mountain lass from far Sunday schools with instruction seeded. back in the country in West in English. One farmer, who found it Virginia was so far from a high school that the only way Syrians in America difficult to keep his envelope subscription paid up, delivered she could receive an education Syrians who have emigrated 113 bushels of wheat in the fall, was to find board and room in to the United States are very the town where the school was widely scattered from the At- the sale of which netted consid- erably more than his promise. located. There life became such lantic to the Pacific and from Another who promised 25 busha tangle for her that the only the Great Lakes to the Gulf. way out seemed suicide.· She On the whole their standing is els for fall delivery was so en- couraged by the yield of his was dissuaded and faced life's creditable, and some fill respon- wheat crop that he brought in problems again. sible positions in civic affairs. 60 bushels in October (which Jessie's father, a man of fine In Brooklyn there is a consider- netted $25.00), and without any Christian character, heard of able number who are organized, hesitation resubscribed for the Pattie Stockdale School con- under Presbytery, into a Syrian same amount on the 1932 budducted by the Presbyterian Church which has more than get. His average subscription Church. He made application two hundred members and is for Jessie who was fourteen ministered to by a Syrian pas- he said had been ten dollars. The results of this method and a junior in high school. tor. In Paterson N. J., a con- were that at the end of the The old habits of lawless living siderable group worship regu- half year, instead of 12 or 13 bound her for several months; larly in one of the rooms in the per cent of the budget being discouragement seized upon her, First Church, which looks upon raised, fully 40 per cent of the and in the quiet of the night a this as a regular part of its year's budget had been paid; student found Jessie on her way church activities. Many of the and at the end of 1931, when the to the dispensary to get poison. attendants are full members. local bank closed, the church had This girl, an earnest Christian, In Canonsburg, Pa., services raised more money for the mistook Jessie and helped her over are held somewhat irregularly sionary and maintenance fund the hard places. During School ina U nit e d Presbyterian and more for local support than of Missions Jessie was thinking Church. Individuals are en- in any previous year in its hisabout life service and said, couraged to identify themselves "My mind is made up. Noth- with the Sunday .school and tory.-United Church Record.

. ing can hold me back." With other church organizations. LATIN AMERICA this same unflinching spirit she has progressed in her Christian In Jacksonville, Fla., mem- Religious Controversy in Mexico bers of the Syrian colony are life. She did outstanding work led in Arabic worship by a man The differences in Mexico be- in both Sunday school and Va- educated in the mission schools tween the government of the cation Bible schools. Jessie is of Syria. The difficulty in pro- State and the Roman Catholic now superintendent of the Pri- viding services for these Syrian Church have broken out again. mary Department of the Sun-· groups is in the fact that the Archbishop Leopoldo Ruiz y day school and assistant super- older generation has too imper- Flores, Papal Delegate, has intendent of the Junior Chris- fect a knowledge of English been expelled for defending a tian Endeavor. She has taught to enjoy worship in that lan- recent papal encyclical in which groups of illiterates to read in guage; while their children, the religious situation in Mexico two outstations. Every Sunday born and educated in Amer- was discussed. The re-establish-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of the Vatican as a tem- little from those existing be- there were five great Methodist poral state is back of the new fore American occupation, over bodies in Great Britain: the trouble. Any interference by the thirty years ago. The policy VVesleyan, the Primitive, the Church with the State is now has been to introduce Christian United Free, the New Connecconsidered by the secular lead- workers, drawn from the dis- tion and the Bible Christians. ers of Mexico to be the act of a tricts in which they are to The United Methodist Church, foreign State rather than of an serve, who therefore know not according to an Associated ecclesiastical authority. Other only the language of the people Press dispatch, embraces 5,000 signs of renewed antagonism of but their traditions, supersti. ministers, 200,000 Sun day the Government may be seen in tions and inhibitions. This school teachers, 1,250,000 Sunan act of the legislature of the worker makes his rounds like a day school students, and nearly State of Vera Cruz in approv- country doctor of a century ago. 1,000,000 members. Its total ing a decree declaring all Cath- He knows nothing of surgery property in Great Britain in olic priests have lost their citi- and very little of medicine, but churches, schools, colleges and zenship rights and empowering has learned the laws of cleanli- missions is estimated at from the State to take over church ness and sanitation. The moun- $210,000,000 to $280,000,000. property for other uses; and taineers think his touch has approval by the majority in the healing power. The Methodists of the world Chamber of Deputies of an in- total 12,000,000 members, with quiry as to whether the Arch- VVhen these pioneers have 60,000 ministers and 90,000 lobishop of Mexico is within his prepared the way, the Rev. J. cal preachers. rights in having continuously L. Santiago Cabrera and the exercised his clerical function Rev. Tomaso Aquino Ojeda fol- Mr. Arthur Henderson, now without having registered with low with their tent evangelism, President of the Disarmament the civil authorities. and after campaigns extending Conference, des c rib e s this over many months, a depend- merger as "one of the half- Eager for the Gospel able group will be ready for a dozen outstanding events in the permanent mission, which later whole history of Christianity." Dr. George P. Howard, evan- grows into an organized Sungelist to Latin-American repub- day school and church. In Dark Days–"All Wrong" lics, has recently completed a series of evangelistic meetings Campa Indians of Peru The above was the caption on in the city of Buenos Aires, Ar- a handbill distributed some time gentina. Commenting on these Rev. R. O. Stull, a Christian ago on the streets of London. meetings, Dr. Howard writes in Alliance missionary in Peru, Under the caption was printed the Christian Advocate: has on record the names of 210 the following list of predic- Indians and of 53 non-Indians tions: On the final evening over a thou- who have received teaching at sand people crowded into the hall, and the Cahuapanas Station. Most William Pitt-"There is scarcely the police had to close the doors to of these come and go, never anything around us but ruin and dekeep more from crowding in, contrary permanently settling in one spair." to fire regulations. Nearly 200 cards place, and so carry the Gospel were signed indicating a desire to message they have learned to Wilberforce, early in the nineteenth know more of the Christ life. The their scattered groups. An in- century: "I dare not marry, the fumost encouraging feature of these tell i g e n t Spanish-speaking ture is so dark and unsettled." meetings was the large attendance of Campa Indian came to the stapeople not connected with churches. tion recently and said that an Lord Gray in 1819 said he believed It is estimated that only about thirty Indian had told him of the "everything is tending to a convulper cent of the attendance was made blessing he had received at the sion." up of evangelicals. mission. Most Indians who come from their forest homes The Duke of Wellington, on the eve I am amazed at the rapidity with to Cahuapanas come to culti- of his death, in 1851, thanked God which events are taking place in vate the land in order to earn that he would "be spared from seeing South America. We must act quickly a living. -Alliance Weekly. the consummation of ruin that is -this is Latin America's day of white gathering about us." heat. The firm impress of Christ EUROPE must be laid now on the fluid material Disraeli in 1849-"In industry, comof these young commonwealths. The British Methodists Unite merce and agriculture, there is no frightful chaos in social and political hope." life, the misery and suffering in eco- The union of three Methodist nomic life-are all creating a feeling bodies in Great Britain into one Queen Adelaide said she "had only of nostalgia for something imperish- of the I a r g est Protestant one desire, to play the part of Marie able and a willingness to listen to any churches in the world was con- Antoinette with bravery in the revowho claim to have the way, the truth summated in London on Sep- lution that was coming on England." and the life. tember 20. Not many years ago Lord Shaftesbury in 1849-"Noth- Organizing Rural Puerto Rico ing can save the British Empire from shipwreck." Rural mission work in Puerto Rico is very important. In The circular concluded: many districts there are no public schools and conditions differ "We came through all right, and shall do so again."

In commenting on present conditions Sir VVilfred Grenfell says: "To adopt an attitude of defeatism is a negation of our heritage as a Viking race."

-The Christian World.

To Aid German Protestants !hese schools have within a year able difficulty, largely from two Recent reports from Germany Increased from 102 schools with causes, the persistence of the 8,300 pupils to 341 schools with religious spirit in groups and disclose distressing conditions 28,5~4 pupils. The Zoe Society individuals, and inertia on the publIshes religious periodical part of the anti-religious workamong the evangelical benevo- ers. With the best intentions in weeklies and numerous religious the world (or should one say lent institutions and welfare and ethical books. The chief the worst intentions?) the lead- ers of anti-Christian hostilities agencies. The economic depres- aim of this literature is "to in- have been unable to maintain a glowing missionary zeal in sion has brought these institu- fluence the mind and heart for their followers for their war the formation of right convic- against religion. In a phrase of tions to the verge of bankrupt- their own, "Indifference cuts tions and Christian character without a knife," and the "Ascy. The Lutheran Inner Mission and to effect a conscious bond sociation of the Militant God- less" is not meeting with any Union, the central organization with the Church." There have considerable success. also been undertaken various which has supervision over t1h2~t- pedagogical pro j e c t s. Last -The Living Church. 000 institutions, reports Christmas eve student groups AFRICA from January 1, 1931, to March sang the carols and collected Sudan School for Agriculture 31, 1932, 123 Protestant homes, over 2,500 drachmas, with which were prepared and dis- Of all the countries of the Near equipped with full residential tributed to poor children 328 East, probably the Sudan is least affected by the present facilities, had already been suits of clothing sewed free of financial depression. There has charge. The spirit of brotherabandoned, and the list was hood has been fostered among growing from week to week. the schools by reciprocal visits and correspondence. Mission This situation has led the Cen- clubs within the schools help to tral Bureau for Relief of Evan- foster the missionary spirit. The gelical Churches of Europe to inaugurate a special appeal for German Protestant Relief, real- izing that this is a bulwark be- tween the contending forces of demagogues and atheists.

Russian Work in Poland Zoe Society supports a number been very little unrest. A large "In Poland there are about ten of field workers who tour the proportion of missionary effort million Russians and Ukrain- country in the interest of re- has been expended on the ians. The country is in the ligious education. Lately the schools, and among these the J. grip of Roman Catholicism, and Zoe Society has received the Kelly Giffen School for Agricul- I was several times in danger of blessing of the Archbishop of ture is winning its way in spite losing even life," writes Rev. 1. Athens, and the Greek ecclesias- of being understaffed and run- V. Neprash in the Watchman- tics are encouraging its work. ning on a skeleton budget. From Examiner. "The evangelical unexpected sources there are work grows remarkably, and Bulgaria's Religious Program coming tributes to its usefulthe number of the converts is ness as the only agricultural far beyond the ability of the On the initiative of the Y. M. school in the Sudan. In a deworkers to train them in Chris- C. A., a special committee has pression year the school regrets tion life. Of unusual success been formed in Bulgaria for that it cannot supply all the positive Christian propaganda persons who desire the agriculhave been the six courses for as the best means of combating ture farm milk. Because of a workers. Two hundred and the effects of anti-religious edu- lessened staff, the school has sixty-three students took the cation. Leading authors and not held its usual Agriculture courses, besides one hundred clergymen are participating, Exposition. A near relative of and fifty or more who listened. and the holy synod of the Bul- the Mahdi is numbered among The increased blessing after garian Church, in spite of ex- the students. treme economic difficulties, has these courses was so evident assigned 100,000 levas for the The Gospel and the African that government officials became committee's work. Literature interested in my ministry. The now in preparation includes a Dr. Hetherwick, who, with Dr. work will be followed by letters series of handbills for popular Robert Laws, was an outstandand literature." use, special sermons, material ing pioneer of Christianity in Zoe Society of Greece for priests and several pam- Central Africa, says in his book A gratifying report is made phlets for the use of teachers, entitled "The Gospel and the African" : by the Zoe Society of Athens prepared as a direct reply to regarding the growth of the The conception of the Christian catechetical schools of the Greek· communist anti-religious agita- Church brings to the African a wider tion. -Christian Century. and fuller sense of unity than he hith- erto conceived of in his village, clan Orthodox Church. In Athens Religion Not Dead in Russia and tribal institution. By his memand its suburbs the fourteen Attempts to organize anti-reli- ~ership in the Church he is brought schools of last year have become gious activity in Soviet Russia mto a new relationship with peoples twenty-five, with 5,491 regis- continue to meet with consider- ~nd races, with tribes and tongues liv- mg far away from the villages on the tered students. In all Greece

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Shire Highlands or along the shores to the missionaries and to the in any form it suggests tyranof Lake Nyasa. A striking instance ny, slavery, polygamy, and an of this occurred several years ago un- Ovimbundu church to complete obnoxious brotherhood with der my own observation, an instance the work of evangelizing his races which both countries deof that feeling of unity and mutual tribe. The one thousand five responsibility which is one of the hundred people present rose test. Rulers of both countries pleasing fruits of Christianity. Thir- agree that to let their subjects ty years ago, on the occasion of a and sang "Praise God from drift into agnosticism would be great famine in India, the members of to court disaster, and are con- whom all blessings flow." the young Christian churches in the -United Church Record.

Blantyre Mission, on hearing of the The Bantu Mind vinced that the Gospel of St. sufferings of their fellow Christians John, as the revelation of the there, "determined to send relief to The General Missionary Con- immaculate life, with its appeal ference of South Africa which to motherhood and sisterhood, their brethren" in the Punjab. They knew from experience what famine meant, but for the first time in their meets triennially is perhaps the as well as to brotherhood, is the lives they realized the new bond of most important religious con- most suitable textbook. brotherhood which Christianity had woven for them with a people in the vention held in South Africa. Anticipating the decision of far-off, hitherto unknown land of In- At no other gathering is there this conference, the Persian dia. so manifest the unity of the Government has. given permis- Mucomba, the Hunchback churches; and the pronounce- sion to missionaries – Roman ments made on trends in the re- Catholic and Episcopalian only South and east of the Kukema ligious and moral life of South -to introduce Christian Scripand Kuanza rivers, in West Afri<~a receive wide publicity in tures into the country. Packing Africa, is a region of eighty the press. The latest gathering cas e s containing 2,000,000 thousand square miles occupied in Pretoria discussed the by a tribe known as the Va- Church's supreme task of evan- copies of the New Testament Luimbe. It would be difficult to gelism. have already arrived and been find a people of deeper degreda- The Rev. P. Fatton of the franked through the customs tion. In 1925, money was given Swiss Mission, speaking on The free of duty. to start work among them. One Gospel and the Bantu Mind, -Chicago Tribune. of the first inquirers was a said that to the credit of the New Leper Hospital in Arabia hunchback named Mucomba. In Bantu could be put sociability, The Mission to Lepers is giving a short while he learned the genius for friendship, loyalty, financial assistance tot h e chief Bible stories, the Lord's courteousness, reverence, law- Church of Scotland Mission for Prayer, could sing hymns, ahidingness, obedience to recog- the medical work for the lepers which he translated into his nized authority, trustworthi- at Sheikh Othman, a town a own language, and even in ness, mental abilities, power of few miles out of Aden, thus learning Portuguese revealed a arguing and reasoning, gift of establishing a new link in the keen intellect. The work is car- languages, tolerance, grateful- leper work for Arabia. The hosried on in seven districts, each ness, absolute faith in the su- pital is an old Government Post under the supervision of a pernatural. To the debit side: House which has not been occu- Christian native elder. In 1930 self-conceit, cunning, cruelty, pied for many years. It stands each of these areas, on succes- hatred, jealousy, fatalism, care- in a large state garden and it is sive Sundays, took charge of the lessness, superstition. From the hoped that a good deal of garchurch service at the Chissamba Temple. On the day given over Christian point of view there den work will be available for was a fine asset in Bantu so- such lepers as are benefited by to the VaLuimbe district over ciability. They are a fundamen- muscular exercise. The hospital two hundred VaLuimbe pupils tally religious people. "To meet is capable of holding twenty-five appeared, some of whom had their aspirations," said Mr. cases – sixteen men and nine come eighty miles. Everything Fatton, "the message should be women. At present there are was carried on in the Luimbe threefold; social, moral and re- no women lepers in, but the language. Only the sermon ligious." male part of the hospital is well came through an interpreter. filled. Dr. Napier, assisted by a The choir was wonderful. The -South African Outlook. young Indian medical graduate singing of two duets by a boy from Bombay, is in charge of and girl produced a sensation. WESTERN ASIA The greatest surprise was the the work. sermon preached by Mucomba, Gospel Displaces Koran -Without the Camp.

A complete discredit of Moham- the hunchback. It had three medanism was discussed at a Persia's Modern Women meeting of the educational leadpoints: first, gratitude to God ers of Turkey and Persia in Regarding the new freedom of Tabriz last June. Both govern~ Mohammedan women in Persia, and to the Ovimbundu for ments have decided that teach- Mrs. J. D. Payne writes in the thinking of the VaLuimbe, de- ing a revised version of the Moody Monthly: graded though they were; sec- Koran would be a retrograde ond, the enlightenment and step, foredoomed to failure, for The veil is being discarded not only blessed influences of the Chris- in the capital city but even in such tian faith; the third, an appeal fanatical centers as Tabriz and Me-

shed. At the recent graduation in the the lives of young people, to Training Syrian Christians former city there were no veiled girls that extent only can we call it among the graduates. It is said there Evidences of missionary zeal successful. Self-discipline has among young Syrians in Travare as many as a hundred families in the greatest spiritual impor- ancore are seen in the new com- Meshed who are forging ahead for munity school for outcaste chil- dren. Christian students will real freedom for their women. "At tance. (3) The acquisition of train the boys until they are old the last minute," writes a mission- knowledge has value only as it enough to be settled on a piece ary's wife in Meshed, "I was prevent- enriches spiritual life. (4) of land and to earn their liv- Ideals are the blue prints of re- ing. The workers live in the ed from going to a tea at the home of greatest simplicity with the one of the teachers of the girls' boys, teaching them, playing with them, eating with them. school, and my husband went alone. ligious education. A school Upon arriving he was greeted at the should select a definite goal to The ancient Syrian Christian door by the hostess, an .almost un- be reached within a specified Church in Travancore is di- time. vided into groups, the principal heard of thing. He found several ones being the Jacobite, the other couples there, the wives com- Mar Thoma and the Anglican. Eleven years ago a group of pletely unveiled and very much at men from these three church- es founded the Union Christian their ease in the company of men. India and Prohibition College at Alwaye, governed by Three imported women's hats were Indian Christians. It has adoptbrought out and my husband was The difficulty in India is to ed what is known as the "conasked to indicate how they should be convert the Government to pro- science clause," which means worn." that the Hindus are under no hibition of intoxicants, rather obligation to attend the regular Scripture teaching given to the than the people. If a popular Christians. They can be reached only by quiet personal contacts. INDIA AND BURMA vote were taken the majority The colI e g e attempts to strengthen its Christian stu- Breaking Caste Rule would be for prohibition. But dents in the knowledge and leaders feel that the task of in- practice of faith by daily prayers in the hostels morning When Mahatma Gandhi began ducing the Government to adopt and evening, by services in the college chapel, Bible circles for his recent fast to protest anything but a revenue policy small groups of students on Sundays, and regular Scripture against the forming of separate is hopeless at present. teaching during the week.

electorates for the untouchables The Anglo-Indian Temper- Burma Christian Council the Hindu students of Ewing ance Association in London has The annual interdenominational Christian Council of Burma Christian College, Allahabad, decided to transfer most of the met July 15-19, with "The Kingdom of God in Burma" as began a one-day fast in sym- work to India. the central topic for discussion. Different phases presented inpathy. They then broke caste The governments in the dif- cluded Christian Literature, Daily Vacation Bible Schools, by inviting the "untouchable" ferent provinces are committed city and rural reconstruction, and Gospel Teams. students to a feast and ate with unfortunately to a policy of It was decided to change the them: This is a greater step popularizing the drink traffic. name of the Burma for Christ -Dnyanodaya. Movement to The Kingdom of than if Southern white students God Movement, which would better express the breadth of in America invite colored stu- its aim,and would also bring it into line with similar movedents to dine with them in their A Bengal Village School ments in India and Japan. The Council was fortunate in having homes. The Chapra Village Teachers' Dr. Stanley Jones, whose mes- A report also comes from sages were delivered before im- Training School is a combined Bombay that untouchability in mission endeavor, with the Rev. public places, such as schools, F. Ryrie of the Church of courts and offices, has been abol- Scotland as principal, to supply ished in the State of Bhor. This suitably trained teachers for was announced in the speech the village schools of the variopening the session of the State ous missions in Bengal. The Legislative Council on October total Indian staff in all depart- 19th. Bhor is a small State of ments numbers 21, all of whom 130,000 inhabitants near Poona. are Christians and 17 are for- Value in Religious Education mer students. The courses in- clude such subjects as the Rev. C. B. Hill, of Belgaum, study of union boards, cooper- last summer gave a series of ative banks, village uplift by lectures in Ahmednagar on the health work, the acquiring of a Charlerhouse program of re- trade and a knowledge of sim- ligions education. He drew a ple and improved agriculture.

square upon the blackboard, at An evangelistic camp is held the four corners of which he once a year, and students are wrote the words-worship, con- encouraged to help in Sunday duct, knowledge, ideals. schools, prayer meetings and (1) Genuine worship must· services in small hamlets. They consist in communion between go out for two weeks a year to the worshipper and God. (2) village schools for practice Conduct relates the worshipper teaching. The school completed to other men. To the extent that its fourth year in December, a program is able to take root in 1931.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mense audiences of all creeds we will face a Communist now to be the primary concern of the and colors. China. Last May Molodaya National Government. Gvardia, a Russian monthly, -Burma Baptist Bulletin. published in Moscow, claimed VVork for Lepers that "200 out of 773 districts of SIAM Central and Southern China The Chinese Mission to Lepers, were under the control of the organized in 1926, includes News from Bangkok Soviet Government of China." among its officers and directors The population of these 200 dis- many prominent Christian Chi- An American missionary's wife tricts is estimated at about nese: President, Wm. Yinson writes in the China Critic: 60,000,000. It was stated that Lee; Vice-President, Dr. Fong the Chinese Red Army, num- F. Sec; General Secretary, Rev. The Chinese church in Bangkok has bering about 150,000, had been T. C. Wu. Already the Mission done well in sending funds to China able to fight off "the third cam- is functioning effectively. A for relief work. Last year they were paign undertaken by the Nan- series of fifteen charts, issued asked by the Chinese Chamber of king generals against the Chi- by this organization and dis- Commerce to give a program in one nese Soviet areas." tributed all over China, show of the theaters and ticals 1,200 were the comprehensive way i n turned into a fund for the flood suf- H. G. W. Woodhead, Editorial which these Chinese are carryferers, which sum was sent by the Associate of the Shanghai Eve- ing on their educational cam- Chamber of Commerce. The Chris- ning Post, speaks alarmingly of paign to remove the curse of tians have already sent one thousand the fact that the Sino-Japan- leprosy. They are working ticals to the National Christian Coun- ese hostilities in Manchuria and with the American Mission to cil in Shanghai and have almost an- Shanghai have resulted in the Lepers and the Mission to Lepother thousand ready to send. We do relaxation, if not the abandon- ers, London, with the ultimate not number rich people in our Chris- ment, of the Central Govern- hope that China may not only tian group. These last funds will ment's efforts to cope with the care for her own lepers propprobably be administered by the Red menace in China. Heavy erly but may finally rid the na- Christian churches. rainfall, floods, the revolt of tion of this dread disease which Gen. Shih Yu-shan, and the se- now claims about a million vic- CHINA cession of Canton, interfered tims in this country. The with the campaign, which came Nationalist Government espe- Flood Relief cially requested the Chinese to a standstill after the Japan- Mission to Lepers to help set up Dr. David A. Brown, chair- ese coup in Mukden. Mr. Wood- a program to free the nation of man of China Famine Relief, head continues: leprosy. U. S. A., is visiting the recently flooded sections as well as the The activities of the communists Place of the Home famine areas to study the work did not cease. They resumed their and to ascertain how American activities in Hupeh, Kiangsi and Fu- In an endeavor to touch one philanthropy can be of further kien, and slowly but surely regained of the mainsprings of Chinese assistance. He says in The Liv- lost ground, and occupied additional life, there has been aroused a ing Church: territory, until today they have well- new consciousness of the im- nigh succeeded in creating a semicir- portance of the home, and much China Famine Relief is the only or- cular belt, enclosing Chekiang and the thought has been given to efganization in the world that attempt- lower Yangtze, and extending almost forts to christianize the homeed substantial relief efforts during a from coast to coast through Fukien, life of China. The observance period when that country suffered the Kiangsi, Hunan, Hupeh, Anhwei and of a special Home Week among greatest famine in its history. Ap- Kiangsu. Christian people, the holding of proximately 35,000,000 people were a leader's conference to considaffected, and the work of the organi- We do not know how far genuine er problems affecting the home, zation has been such that it has built communism underlies the subversive and the preparation and distriup in China respect and love for the activities of the Chinese Reds, but the bution of literature have been people of America. Instead of limit- leaders have exploited the misery of useful. In not a few Christian ing our efforts to doling out food or the impoverished, hunger-stricken periodicals space has been given opening soup kitchens, we engaged in masses. to the home problems. The constructive work, such as road build- family is the backbone of Chiing, dike repairing, irrigation projects The real menace is not communism, na's national life, probably to a and well drilling, and employed the but the causes of communism. And greater extent than among any famine sufferers, paying them in food. these it is difficult, if not impossible, people of the earth. The efforts of China Famine Relief for an impoverished government to have so far resulted in procuring ap- eliminate. Yet this is now the most The Mois, of Dalat, Annam proximately $10,000,000 Mex. urgent of the many problems con- fronting the National Government. Mrs. E. F. Irwin, of Saigon, Dr. Brown stated that this Cochin-China, writes in the Alorganization began its work im- The danger ought to be recognized liance Weekly of an effort to mediately upon the news being and faced. The danger of cooperation reach the Mois, the "hill folk" received in America of the se- between the Reds and unpaid soldiery ries of floods in which some is constantly arising. It will continue 25,000,000 people suffered com- to recur until the anti-communist plete ruin. campaign is adequately financed and continuously pressed. The Red Peril in China To save the country from the an- Some Far Eastern English lan- archy, chaos and 'interminable bloodguage editors declare that if the shed that would result from another Red Peril is not soon checked year of unchecked Red activities ought

of Dalat, Annam. The govern- gelize and educate for a more an. To that place he invited ment will not give permission Christian future. A new I y ex-convicts to live and work to visit the villages of these organized Foreign Missionary with him, and gradually huntribesmen, and the Mois them- Society proposes to carry the dreds of such were converted, selves do not wish the white Gospel to Japanese emigrants proving the falsity of that man to enter. But representa- in Brazil, Hawaii, California and statement of Lombroso.-Christives from different tribes come elsewhere. Similarly the Japan tian World Facts. to buy and sell at the Dalat Christian Education Associamarket. They must remain sev- tion has recently taken on en- Challenging Resolutions eral nights, and are invited to larged activity. Its summer The annual meeting of the Fedconsider the mission grounds as school centered the courses eration of Christian Missions in their abode until they return to around Bible study and evan- Japan, held at Karuizawa in their villages. Until recently it gelism, especially the practical July, took as its theme "The was impossible to persuade application of Christianity to Missionary Today." Among the them to come, but many are present world conditions. The subjects discussed were "The beginning to remain and hear Japan Methodist Church has Missionary and Social Probthe story of the Cross. The embarked upon an impressive lems," "Projecting the Kingdom missionary hires as many men campaign of evangelism among of God Movement," "The New as he can afford to work on the the Japanese in Manchuria, Missionary Movement and the mission property in order that while the Kingdom of God Home Church," and "The Mesthey may hear of the Saviour, Movement is pressing its pro- sage of the Missionary to the return to their homes, and tell gram into the remotest regions, Present Age." The Committee others of Him. Every day at both urban and rural. Plans of Findings brought in an espenoon a service is held for all are laid with a view to elimi- cially helpful report on "The the Mois who are on the prem… nating denominational duplica- New Missionary Movement and ises; but if a crowd comes to tion. the Home Church." Among its sell its wares, a meeting is held Redeeming Criminals declarations were an unwilling- at once. Recently, a new crowd ness to consider a retrenchment came, from a different tribe, Shimpei Homma, a carpenter policy; the continued need of and delighted the missionaries in an inland Japanese city, missionary cooperation, espe- by the questions asked. when his trade was slack, would cially in rural work; the pri- Taonan, Manchuria pull a ricksha to eke out a liv- mary importance of training ing. One day a judge from Christian leaders; a suggestion In the last three years the Tokyo rode in his ricksha, fell for a Committee on Comity; a chapel in Taonan, Manchuria, asleep during the journey, and new boldness in condemning has been enlarged three times. dropped a book into the street. war, economic exploitation, Dr. Jonathan Goforth was in- Homma picked it up and offered commercialized vice, intempervited to hold a Revival Mission it to the judge, but the latter ance, child labor and intense there recently, and though the declined it, saying it was too nationalism; and the importplace had had every partition dirty. Homma found it to be ance 0 f demonstrating the torn down, the chapel was in English! It took him about Christian faith in daily life and crowded to capacity at every three years to learn enough sacrificial giving. meeting. During the revival English to read that book, but -Christian Intelligencer. the matter of building a church he did it, beginning with his was taken up with great enthu- a-b-c'sJ All Korea Campaign siasm. Within four days $1,170 Then he discovered it to be Presbyterian and Methodist was subscribed to put up a a book on Criminology, by the churches in Korea have united building to seat at least 1,000. Italian authority Lombroso. The in a common program for an One of the contributors was the book said there is no hope for All-Korea Evangelistic Camgateman who promised a whole the repentance of criminals. paign. Beginning October 16, This statement made Mr. Hom- and continuing for six weeks, month's wages. Besides evangelism in the rna indignant and he thought each of the 2,500 churches city of Taonan, many places that if one would live with a joined in the movement setting have been reached in the re- criminal, and be kind enough to aside Sunday evenings or midgions beyond. There are now help him, then there would be week prayer service for the four important substations; all hope. By that time he had be- study of personal evangelism. of these have evangelists in come a Christian, and he went November 27 is known as "Decharge.-Evangelical Christian. to Tokyo to work as a carpen- cision Day," when it was hoped ter. He was appointed over that every member would give JAPAN-CHOSEN two thousand stonebreakers, the church officers the name of Christian Activities building a palace for the J ap- at least three non-Christian anese Emperor. Homma did friends for whose conversion Japanese Christians seem more well and earned enough to buy special effort is made. Each than ever determined to evan- a marble quarry in West J ap- church has organized personal

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

workers' bands and made other work it has recently added four with six outlying stations; in plans for special evangelistic others dealing with general the Langa-Langa Lagoon a work. Sunday evening services education, health, economic betthroughout the winter will be terment and recreation. An ele- healthy indigenous church, with especially evangelistic. The slo- ment of strength is that the more than 2,000 true Chrisgan adopted is "Make all Korea plan is essentially indigenous. tians in the district. Bible Conscious This Year!" A Governor's Tribute GENERAL Christian Literature Society General Sir George Richardson, A Year with C. M. A. In 1931, exactly 41 years after Administrator of western Sathe adoption of the first consti- moa from 1923-1928, pays high The Christian and Missionary tution of the Christian Litera- tribute to workers in mission ture Society, and 20 years after fields as of most valuable assist- Alliance presents the following the erection of the first building ance in promoting the true welin Seoul, on the same site, was fare of the people and as advis- report for the past year: completed the present $60,000 ers to the government in native building. problems. But for the mission- Eleven new stations were aries, he affirms, good govern- There is now a Korean staff ment in the South Seas would opened in 1931 in 11 fields; also of 32 clerks, editors, proofread- be impossible. ers, salesmen, secretaries and 102 outstations. A comparative packers, and a foreign staff of Dur.ing Sir George's regime four. The Society has an an- in Samoa he endeavored to table summarizes the achievenual budget of nearly $50,000. carry out the following policy: (1) Health – to eradicate dis- ments: During the last 20 years the ease and promote child welfare. Soc i e t y has sold 3,210,000 (2) Education – to suit educa- 1921 1931 Christian books, 3,227,000 peri- tion to the natives' need and 20 odicals, and 23,580,000 tracts. not copy European systems. (3) Number of Fields……• 16 The total circulation for these Agriculture-to teach the most 151 two decades has been 32,000,- profitable use of the land and N wnber of Stations…. . 131 400 000 copies, or an average of 1,- encourage industry. 600,000 per year.-Korea Mis- Missionaries on Field.. . 327 52 sion Field. -The Open Door. Missionaries on Furlough 62 45 ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC In the Solomon Islands 497 Missionaries Detsined at 1,282 Community Parish in Resulting from the labors of 482 Rhilippines the South Sea Evangelical Mis- Home ………….. . 2'5 28,767 sion, little Christian villages 4,729 Doctor Kenyon L. Butterfield have sprung up on three of the Nwnber of Missionaries. 414 12,620 writes that he was able to dis- Solomon Group. It is to these 654 cover in the Philippines a villages the heathen come if Native Workers…….. . 774 29,280 church, in existence for many they decide to follow Christ, for 13 years, which has already dem- the daily life of the people is Churches ………… .. 140 onstrated the principles of so bound up with heathen wor- 346 rural community cooperation. ship and tabus as to make it Church Membership.•.. 12,681 This is on the island of Negros. impossible for a Christian to re- $44,956.49 It contains about thirty thou- main in a heathen village. He Baptisms during Year .. 1,466 sand people, half of them in would be constantly breaking the market town at the seashore these tabus, thus incurring the Inquirers during Year .. 4,240 and the other half scattered on wrath of their devil-devils, and the land up two valleys that bringing sickness to the village. Sunday Schools…….. . 19'6 converge at the town. Prot- Those who come to school have estant workers there had to de- very little light; but as they go Sunday School Scholars. 10,660 cide between a number of small day by day they hear the VVay weak churches or one strong plainly preached, and before Bible Training Schools.. 13 church. They chose the latter long they are truly born again. and there is now a church of This they call "signing 'long Bible Training School fifteen hundred members, self- Jesus," for they think of their supporting, with an able pas- names being entered in the Students ………… . 342 tor, carrying on regular work Book of Life somewhat as they. in nineteen districts throughout are "Signed on" for plantation Native Offerings (Value the parish. To the four depart- work. ments of elders, deacons, reli- in U. S. Gold)……. $23,201.58 gious education and women's On Malaita there is a main station and training school, To End Slavery The Archbishops of Canter- bury and York, with other church leaders in England, have issued a letter urging the end of slavery throughout the world, in connection with the centenary next July of the abo- lition of slavery in British pos- sessions. This act of church leaders is a reflection of the efforts being made by the League of Nations to the same end. It has been estimated that between 4,000,000 and 6,000,000 human beings are still held as property, with the rights of sale vested in other persons. The letter says: We express our grateful thanks for any such local effort made to draw public attention to Britain's efforts to abolish the crime of slavery, more particularly where such effort takes the form of drawing the attention of congregations to the far more difficult task to which the League of Nations stands committed. The death of Wil- berforce took place on July 29, 1833, . and it has been suggested that clergy and ministers may feel able to refer to abolition during service on one Sunday in July, 1933. Britain's action 100 years ago has always been re- garded as of profound historic import.

-The Churchman.

Communism as a Pathfinder mission fields of the Foreign and does for us He can be and do Mission Society should have for all men. A missionary of the Basel reached 19,853, a record that Mission, writing from China, has been exceeded only seven 5. We believe that, having says that communism is truly times in the 118 years of the found in Jesus Christ, our Reanti-Christian. He says that Society's history. Baptism sta- deemer, the supreme revelation not only the conditions in tistics in themselves, however, of God and having discovered Russia bear out his statement, can never accurately reflect our fellowship with Him to be but that also the latest records Christian progress. The King- our most priceless treasure and of the Basel Mission Society in- dom of God advances visibly the only adequate way to spiritdicate the truth. When four of and invisibly. Its progress is ual life, we should have an their missionaries were in the seen in developments that can overmastering desire to share hands of the communists and neither be calculated in terms Him with others and very spehe and others were fleeing of arithmetic nor measured in cially with those who are His homeless from one place to an- statistical reports.-The. Watch- own people according to the other, in order to escape the man-Examiner. flesh. We therefore have a red peril, he was ready to sub- clear and compelling evangelisscribe to the declaration of a Missionary Expenditure tic purpose so to present Jesus friendly American missionary, Christ, by word and deed, to the that missions in China were Dr. Warnshuis has prepared the Jews, that they may be attractforever done for. following table: ed to His personality and recog- nize Him as their Christ, as in Not being at liberty to leave '!'he Aggregate Expenditure of the 'Mission- truth He was and is (Christians his field, he resolved to remain and Jews, p. 131). with the hope that the power ary Societies Cooperating in the National of the Gospel must win out in The chief subjects of discusthe long run. This hope has Missionary Organizations Represented in the sion were the treatment of antinot been disappointed. Mis- Semitism, the church fellowship sions were not annihilated; but International Missionary Council in the of Hebrew Christians (whether communism has lost large areas or not a distinctive Hebrewof influence in the regions Years 1928 and 1930. Christian Church would be dewhere it dominated. sirable) and literature. The Average committee expressed itself em- So far as the lower classes phatically as deploring the conare concerned, the communists 1928 1930 in dollars tinued existence of prejudice, have held forth promises of so- and welcoming every approach cial improvement which they Australia £ 285.701" 285.701* $1.390.381 between Jew and Christian, and were not able to fulfil. Before "it will seek to foster study and their coming, the social aspects Belgium Fr. 207.828 130.134 4.676 discussion of the realities of the had not been prominent. Now, situation in the hope of leading however, by their failure a Denmark Kr. 2.061.520 1.980.914 537.282 to definite efforts to eliminate vacuum has been created in the evil." hungry souls and it is up to the Finland M. 4.241.289 4.290.000 111.005 missionary to give answer to Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, the Dithe problems raised. France Fr. 3.381.966 5.418.280 166.912 rector of the Department, ex- pects to be in America until the The upper classes, which in Germany M. 5.860.400 7.286.703 1.527.125 early part of 1933. China have been living "on the sweat and blood of the poor," Great Does Prayer Change Anything? are beginning to see what Christ meant in speaking of the Britain £ 2.308.704 2.286.663 11.178.956 It changes me. The personal difficulties for a rich man to reactions which take place when enter the Kingdom of God. Latin one prays habitually and in sim- Now the rich have become more ple, straightforward, earnest receptive to the Gospel. Com- America $ 4.402.657 4.511.25111 4.386.209 fashion, are too manifest to be munism has, in a different way questioned. Does anything ever from what it intended, put rich Nether- change a man's inner life and and poor on the same basis. disposition so rapidly, so thor- lands Fl. 1.350.564 1.066.572 481.882 oughly, so permanently as the -Der Heidenbote. habit of prayer? New Baptist Growth It changes the atmosphere. Zealand £ 96.950 90.000 460.537 This is done in the home in The year has witnessed a re- such a way as to affect the markable advance in evangel- North lives of the entire family when ism in Baptist missions. It is the members of that family significant that in a year of Americat $ 27.515.956 28.824.927 28.288.274 meet daily and kneel before depression accessions to Baptist Church membership in the ten Norway Kr. 3.240.510 2.800.000 700.062 Sweden Kr. 4.016.107 3.992.717 1.128.703 Switzer- land Fr. 1.322.887 1.507.289 279.038 South Africa £ 100.000 150.000 632.653 — $51.273.695 * Figures for 1927. t Exclusive of expenditure in Latin America.

:I: Estimated. II Exclusive of one large mission board.

Christian Approach to the Jews The International Committee on the Christian Approach to the Jews met at Digswell Park, Welwyn, near London, on June 13th and 14th, 1932.

The committee reaffirmed the findings of the conference held at Atlantic City in May, 1931, on the aim and basis of the Christian Approach to the Jew, as follows: 1. We are profoundly con- vinced that Jesus Christ is God's answer to the whole world's· need. Having found Him to be the Way, the Truth and the Life for ourselves, we are persuaded that what He is

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

their Maker in prayer for help Dr. John McDowell, a Secretary of Obituary Notes and guidance to live aright. the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, will give his entire time to The Rev. Lloyd P. Henderson, for It changes the atmosphere of "the responsibility of the Church for twelve years a missionary of the a community where places and industrial and social relations." American Presbyterian Church, and habits of prayer are main- stationed at Hsinpin, Manchuria, was tained. It changes the atmos- * *' * killed on October 15th. Mr. Henderphere of a college where those son was in a party traveling from values in life which are su- Mr. W. H.P. Anderson, General Sec- Hsinpin to the Mukden-Hailung Railpreme and lasting are exalted retary of the Mission to Lepers, Lon- way when the party was suddenly atby the maintenance of services don, is making an extended tour of tacked by "bandits" and Mr. Henderof prayer. leper colonies in Japan, Formosa and son was killed. China. It opens doors into the Un- *** seen Order. This Kingdom of * *' * Heaven enfolds us all. The open- The Rev. Bert Nelson, a missionary of ing of the doors make possible Hugh R. Monro of Montclair, N. J., a the American Lutheran Church, has the direct approach and the layman, active in many phases of been reported killed by communists in ministry of the Spirit of the Christian work, has received the de- China on August 24th. Mr. Nelson Father. My own deepest in- gree of LL. D. from Cumberland Uni- went to China in 1917 and was stastincts, when my mind is clear- versity, Tennessee. He is Chairman tioned at Kwangshau, Honan Province. est and my heart purest, the of the North America Administrative Two years ago he was taken captive, experiences of praying people Committee of the WorId's Sunday with the Rev. K. N. Tvedt (who was in all lands and ages, and the School Association, and President of later released) and was held for rantestimony and practice of Jesus the Stony Brook Assembly. som. Mr. Nelson was taken to Chili- Christ, all confirm the claims ping, Hupeh Province, where he was that I make for prayer. * *' * put to death because of the commun- ists' hostility to Americans. -CHARLES R. BROWN. Charles Edward Vail, M. D., an Amer- ican Presbyterian medical missionary *** General Gordon on Public surgeon in charge of Miraj Hospital., Opinion India, has been awarded the gold Dr. Isaac Oluwole, African Assistant Kaiser-I-Hind medal for his distin- Bishop of Lagos, died July 22 after a All this caring for what peo- guished medical service in India. This Christian service of 61 years. ple will say is from pride. Hoist is the second time King George has your flag, and abide by it; in an honored Dr. Vail. *** infinitely short time all secret things will be divulged; there- *** Rev. Percy Smith, Methodist missionfore, if you are misjudged, why ary in North Africa and a recognized trouble to put yourself right? Dr. Adolf Keller, director of the Cen- authority on Christian literature in You have no idea of what a lot tral Bureau for the Relief of the the Arabic language, died in England of trouble it saves you. Give Evangelical Churches of Europe, is August 31. your advice, give your opinion visiting America. on all subjects; if neither are *** approved, what does it signify? ** * Roll your burden on Him and Rev. George F. Pykett, Methodist mis- He will make straight your mis- Dr. Daniel G. Lai of Shanghai, China, sionary in Malaya for 41 years, died takes. He will put you right is studying at the United States Ma- in England September 9. with those with whom you have rine Hospital, Carville, Louisiana, speset yourself wrong. cailizing in leper work. Dr. Lai was Dates to Remember the college physician at the Univer- CHARLES GORDON, 1877. sity of Shanghai. December 3-5-United Stewardship Council, Indianapolis, Ind. Personal Items *** December 4-Universal Bible Sunday. Dr. Arthur V. Casselman, who has Dr. T. Albert Moore has been elected held successive positions in mission- Moderator of the General Council of December 6-10-Quadrennial Meeting ary statesmanship for the Reformed the United Church of Canada. Dr. of the Federal Council of Churches Church in the United States, has been Moore was born in Acton, Ontario, of Christ in America. Indianapolis, called to be Associate Secretary of seventy-five years ago and was secre- Ind. the Board of Foreign Missions of that tary of the Methodist General Conferchurch. ence from 1906 to the union, and has December 19-22-Foreign Missions since been secretary of the General Conference of North America. * *' * Council. Briarcliff Manor, New York.

Dr. J. C. Robbins, of the Baptist For- *** January 5-February 16, 1933-Rural eign Missions Society, is making an Christian Workers' Conference. extended visit to mission fields of In- The Rev. A. M. Chirgwin has recently Scarritt College for Christian Workdia and Burma. been appointed General Secretary of ers, Nashville, Tenn. the London Missionary Society. For twelve years he has been Assistant January 9-11-Annual Home Missions 'Secretary in the Home Department, Conference. Briarcliff Manor, New and for the last three years has been York. one of the Foreign Secretaries. Among the books he has written are "War- January 15-February 8–Florida Chain faring for Christ" and "An African of Missionary Assemblies. Pilgrimage." January 17-20-Cause and Cure of *** War Conference. Washington, D. C.

The Rev. Leland Foster Wood, Ph.D., January 23-February 18–Cornell former Professor of Social Ethics in School for Missionaries. Cornell Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, University, Ithaca, N. Y. has taken up his duties as Secretary of the Federal Council's Committee on Marriage and the Home.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=~======~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~ The Other Spanish Christ. By John 90.) and deserves a wide read- . Th~ book calls strongly for A. Mackay, Litt. D. Maps and !l- mg. It may well be chosen as the mtellIgent planning for world Ius. 8 vo. 288 pp. 98. net. Student "Religious Book of the Month" evangelization. The author says: Christian Movement Press. London for January. .M~rely to look at the work of one 1932. .

Here is an unusual presenta- The Frontier Peoples of India. Alex- n:IssI~n te~ls us little as to the actual ySvIteuamtIOusnt m the country concerned. tion roefligiSopuasnihsihstorAym, ecrhiacraancs~ a,nder McLeish. 202 pp. Illustra- have a really comprehensive the!r . tIOns. $2. World Dominion Press. Idea of. a;ll the relevant facts. The New York and London. 1931. terIshcs and philosophy. Here world VISIOn of Jesus and the world we make the acquaintance of The mountainous borders of task He. set before His disciples de- India are the dwelling of mill- ions of virile and picturesque mand thIS. ~eople who have been relatively Spaniards and their descend- h.ttle touched by Christian Mis- A. E. HARPER, Moga. SIOns. The unfinished task of ants, who have determined the evangelization is vividly pic- Modern .India. Edited by Sir John Cummmg. 8vo. 304 pp. Oxford political, intellectual and reli- tured. Dr. McLeish, a well- Press. London. 1932. known missionary who for the gious development of Mexico, last twenty-five years has re- sided in and traveled through Central and South America. nearly every part of the area This survey; to which seven- Dr. Mackay has spent some knows the frontier peoples of t~en authors contribute, is re- twenty years as a missionary India. ':Ised f~om the first edition pub- This account of the "regions and teacher in Peru; he has lIshed m 1931. It is a valuable ~raveled and .studied extensively beyond" is a learned and accu- rate survey, yet it is not dull. ~and ~ook in popular style dealmother Latm American coun- Well written descriptions of the geology, the flora and fauna of mg WIth the country and peotries and has a wide and clear the region make the picture of the background of these people ples, the government and army knowledge of these people and both comprehensive and clear. ~ppendix XVII gives sugges- law. and education, culture and their culture. His new approach bons for mission study groups and valuable helps in the form agriculture, r ail way sand to the subject throws a flood of of questions, most of which ap- ply to the peoples of any land. finance, commerce and labor light on Spanish characteristics. The quotation from the words problems. Comparatively little The Iberian soul, as he sees of the Governor of the Panjab, sp~c~ is devoted to caste and it, is made up of intense indi-' concerning the missionary work relIgIOn, two of India's great- of Kashmir, is worth attention: viduality, passion, personal loy- est problems. The Round Table ~bove alI, let me say with all sinalty, low ethical standards and C~t;ty, I thmk that the missionary so- conferences are disposed of in cI~Ies whose field of activity lies in a desire for dominance. These less than a page. HSaurcchouaurtthBourts~ however, as Rev. qualities have shaped South American life and history. In ler and Sir William Barton give the exploitation of the new con- . ~s an understanding of some tinent by Spanish adventurers n.npor~ant factors on the Indian religion was a large wfaacstofr~ubltuyt situabon. They deal with facts their evangelization rather than with partisan views and empty of spiritual results. or arguments. The authors ap- H~arts were not changed; parently know little of Chris- ~momrsdhs~pwweraes onfofet reednltioghrteebnaepd~' tia~. missions in India. Sir PhIlIp Hartog, w r i tin g on hzed Idols. The Indians were "Education," rem ark s that never truly christianized by the "Christian .mission~ were among Spanish and Portuguese. In thI.S country, often experience disap- ~he first pIOneers m EdUcation pomtm~nt that the actual process of fact, the mixed colonists became conversI!>n to Christianity makes a m all. grades and, especially in largely paganized. The zeal of less rapId advance than their support- C?lleglate work, their educa- the Papacy is ever for domi- ers could wish; but I often feel that bonal activities have been alnance. Protestant Christians t~ey ov~rlook the very great contribu- most entirely divorced from tion whIch they make to India in anhave stimulated the quest for a other direction. The presence among proselytizing activities." new and Living Way, enlight-· The chapters in this volume ened thinking and improved so- us of a number of men and women lead!ng a life of devotion and self- are definitely from British of- cial conditions. socnfice, not merely in the cause of ficial point of view. They show arenldigiinont,hbeuptrionvitshieoncaoufsme eodficeadlucasastiiostn~ "The Other Spanish Christ" what has been done for India's is so<?n to appear in America ance, cannot but be of enormous value material and cultural advance- (publIshed by the Macmillan to this country. ment but the moral and spirit- [ 676]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ual conditions and needs of the lick expounded the type of Jews of Barnow," might be repeople are largely overlooked. Christian apologetics that was published. The sketches of Sol- most characteristic of his later omon L. Ginsburg, Isidor Loew- John Thomas Gulick-Evolutionist thinking. It had three main enthal and Bishop Schereschew- and Missionary. By Addison Gul- features-(l) an investigation sky remind us of the great debt ick. Illus. 8vo. 555 pp. $4. Uni- of the main sources of scientific of the Christian Church to Jew- versity of Chicago Press. 1932. judgment; (2) an exposition of ish Christian missionaries. "A the philosophical grounds for Jewish Christian on the Bow- The son, a professor in the his faith in a righteous and ery," and the "Matter of the University of Missouri, has told moral personal deity; and (3) Mission" are worthy of being the story of his father's varied the maintenance, on historical broadcast for they furnish the life with a view to giving an grounds, of the historical suauthentic record of Dr. Gulick's premacy and pragmatic sound- best possible answer to those interesting experiences, his ness of the religious and ethical studies in natural history and message found in the Gospels." who question the worthwhile his thoughts on religion and Other points in the Christian character of Jewish evangelizaphilosophy. His particular tion. hobby was science and during faith-as to the authority of the his life in Hawaii he gave much Under the Southern Cross. By John time to the investigation of the Bible, the deity of Christ, the Christiansen. Maps and illus. 220 shellfish found in those waters. miracles, the atonement and the pp. $1. Published by the Author. He wrote many papers on this resurrection, Dr. Gulick "never Chicago. 1932. subject and his views of evolu- taught these beliefs in his later tion were written for several years" and "treated them all as This history of the developscientific journals between 1856 secondary problems." ment of the mission work, carand 1914. His religious and ried on by the Scandanavian missionary writings were gen- One of the most interesting Alliance since 1906 in Western erally theoretical discussions re- portions of the biography is the Venezuela and Eastern Colomlated to social, philosophical and correspondence between Dr. Gu- bia, is made up largely of the scientific subjects. lick and George J. Romanes of personal experiences of the mis- London. These letters relate to sionaries and natives who have John Thomas Gulick was religion as viewed by two earn- embraced evangelical Christianborn in Hawaii in 1832, of the est men of science. George J. ity. The reader will obtain a famous Gulick missionary stock. Romanes' return to belief in clear idea of the difficulties in- After spending his boyhood God and in Christ, after a pe- volved in pioneer mission work there and his early manhood in riod of rationalistic agnosti- in Latin America and the power America and Micronesia, he cism, is revealed in his of the Gospel to change human went as a missionary of the "Thoughts on Religion." lives. The chapters that relate American Board to China and the beginnings and development later to Japan, dying in Hawaii When Jews Face Christ. Edited by of the work in the "Llanos" at the age of 91. The story of Henry Einspruch. Baltimore, The are especially interesting since his life has much of real inter- Mediator. 188 pp. $1.25. they deal with a section of est and value but for the gen- country that is little known and eral reader it might better have Christian work for Jews is amidst a civilization that is been told in one-half the space. abundantly justified by its rich quite distinctive. It has the ear- fruitage. Though volumes might marks of a genuinely truthful Dr. Gulick maintained his be written concerning Chris- narrative. faith in Christ as the perfect tians from the Jewish race who manifestation of life and mor- have rendered conspicuous serv- W. E. VANDERBILT, Principal als, and believed in the unique ice in the cause of Christ, there "Colegio Americano para Varones" value of the Gospel Message,' are many Gentile Christians but in his later life he departed who have little or no knowl- Barranquilla, Colombia. widely from some "orthodox" edge of their achievements. This Christian views. After he went volume of biographical sketches A Jolly Journal. By Isabel Crawford. to Japan, we read in his biogra- is a real contribution to the Illus. 12mo. 158 pp. $1.50. phy, "His isolation theory (con- cause of Hebrew Christianity. Revell. New York. 1932. cerned with divergent evolu- The editor has made wide selection) . '.' clinched the char- tion of subjects and authors, There is a humorous side to acter of his religious work for and every sketch has literary missionary life if one has keen the rest of his career. Earlier, quality. The element of romance sense to appreciate it. Miss and especially in China, he had adds greatly to their charm. Ed- Crawford, a Baptist missionary been essentially an evangelistic ward Steiner's "My First Com- to the Indians for over forty missionary of the more usual munion," has the delicate touch years, recalls many amusing stamp. . . But he had become of that gifted writer. "The incidents that have come in her transformed into a scientist Nameless Grave," by Karl Emil life in Canada, Dakota, and Okmissionary. . . In conversation Franzos, makes one wish that lahoma. Glimpses of her sucwith Japanese intellectuals, Gu- the author's entire volume, "The cessful missionary work, her courage and self-denial, and her love for the Indians, are also revealed in these anecdotes. Some are amusing and many

are illuminating sidelights on A Handbook for Missionary Workers concur in some of his interprethe hardships and rewards of a Among the American Indians has tations, but they will acknowlmissionary's life. It is a whole- been prepared by Mr. G. E. E. Lind- 'edge the devotional helpfulness some scrap book, furnishing quist, Missionary-at-Large of the of the volume as a whole, and worthwhile recreation for lighter Society for Propagating the Gospel particularly of the section on moments as well as food for Among the Indians. 50 cents. Home St. John's Gospel which opens thought. Missions Council, 105 East 22nd St., to the devout believer the very New York. heart of the Master and to Triumphant Christianity-The Life which "time has given the palm and Work of Lucy Seamen Bain- This will meet an expressed over all the books of the world." bridge, by the Rev. A. H. McKin- need on the part of mission- ney, D. D. 206 pp. $2. Revell. aries and other Christian lead- A.J. B. New York. 1932. ers among the Indians for a manual giving concisely and ac- The Cross-The Way to Glory Mrs. Bainbridge was one of curately such information as the saints of American Chris- Indian backgrounds, racial If thou, impatient, do let slip thy tianity. She devoted a long life characteristics and their signifi- cross, to Christian work in New York, cance, government relationship and to the training of Chris- to the Indian, characterization Thou wilt not find it in this world tian workers. Her friend and and geographical distribution again associate, Dr. McKinney, tells of tribal groups, qualifications the story of her life and work, of the missionary, and organi- Nor in another. Here and here alone with ample knowledge and full zation at work. The book also Is given thee to suffer for God's sake. sympathy. The reading of these contains an up-to-date bibliog- In other worlds we may more perpages should strengthen the raphy. conviction that there has lived fectly in a materialistic age and coun- Word Pictures in the New Testament Love Him and serve Him, praise Him, try one who, while actively la- -The Fourth Gospel and the Epis- Grow nearer and nearer to Him with boring for the welfare of her tle to the Hebrews. By Archibald fellow men, d e r i v e d the Thomas Robertson, D. D., LL. D. delight. strength of her life from the 451 pp. $3.50. Ray Long and Rich- But then we shall not any more indwelling Christ. Like Enoch ard R. Smith. New York. 1932. Be called to suffer, which is our apof old, Mrs. Bainbridge walked with God, and all who came in This will delight the rever- pointment here. contact with her took knowl- ent student of the Bible. The Can'st thou not suffer, then, one hcur edge of her that she had been author is the well known exposwith Jesus. She was a leader in itor, the Professor of New Tes- or two? the religious and philanthropic tament Interpretation in the If He should call thee from thy cross activities of a great city. And Southern Baptist Theological when she passed to her heaven- Seminary of Louisville, Ken- today, ly reward at a good old age, tucky. Thousands of ministers Saying, "It is finished, that hard cross thousands blessed her memory. and other Christian workers have heard him with profit at of thine, A. J. B. summer conferences, and his From which thou prayest for deliver- numerous books have been Scripture Calendars. 18. to 28. 6d. widely read. The present vol- ance." Bible Almanacs. 6d. to 48. each. ume is the fifth in a series of Thinkest thou not some passion of Golden Grain Diaries. Standard and six on "Word Pictures in the Pocket Sizes. 18. to 78. 6d. each. New Testament." His position regret Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow, Edin- is conservative and strongly Would overcome thee? Thou wouldst burgh and London. 1933. evangelical. He accepts the tra- ditional view of the authorship say, A large variety of Scripture of the Fourth Gospel by the "So soon? Let me go back and suffer calendars is offered in very at- aged Apostle John, and he suptractive form suitable for wall ports it by cogent arguments. yet awhile or desk. They contain selected He is not sure of the authorship More patiently. I have not yet Scripture texts for each day on of the Epistle to the Hebrews, separate leaves, accompanied by no one is; but he inclines with praised God." helpful comments by such well- Luther and several other schol- Whensoe'er it comes, that summons known speakers and writers as ars to "guess Apollos as the Spurgeon, Jowett, Morgan, most likely author." After in- that we look for, Pierson, Moule, Hopkins, Moody. troductions in which he dis- It will seem soon, too soon. Let us and others. The almanacs and cusses the general features and diaries contain useful informa- critical questions of the Gospel take heed in time tion, blank pages and daily and Epistle, he takes them up That God may be glorified in us. Scripture readings. Any of them textually by chapter and verse. make useful gifts and compan- "Liberals" probably will not Ugo Bassi (Roman) ions for the year. THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN There <Ire in Americ<l over two thousdnd community, union <lnd fed- erdted churches, most of which have come into being since the world war. Their experiments in community service and in prllcticdl Christi<ln unity lire regdrded liS vitdlly importdnt to the future of the church in America. The Community Churchmlln is II monthly of sixteen pages, with dbunddnt SPdce given to news of churches. It is now in its eleventh yedr dnd is the recognized orgdn of the community church movement.

• ONE YEAR, 51.00 SINGLE COPY, 10 Cents The Community Churchman PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS

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China Today: Economic. J. B. Cond- . The Future of East and West: An The Uncut Nerve of Missions. Cleland liffe. 214 pp. 75 cents and $2.50~ Essay in Surm~ze. Sir Frederick B. McMee. 157 pp. $1.50. Revell. World Peace Foundation. Boston. Whyte. 18tl pp. 8s. 6d. Sidgwick New York, 1982. . Out of the Storm in China. William and Jackson, London.. B. Lipphard. 201 pp. $1.50. Jud- Problems of the Pacific, 1931. Edited Gold Cord-'-The Story'of a Fellowship. son Press. Philadelphia. by Bruno Lasker and W. L. HoI- Amy Carmichael. Illus. 876 pp. Christ in New Guinea. Joh. FierI. land. $5. University Press. Chi- 7s. 6d. Society fo.r Promoting Chris- Illus. Map. 208 pp. 75 cents. or cago. tian Knowledge. London, 1982. 2s. 6d. New Guinea Haus, Tanunda, Indigenous Ideals in Practice. Evan- gelistic Policy and Work in the The Red Man's Trail. Wm. B. Mor- S. Australia. rison. 182 pp. 50 cents. Presby- The Caste System of Northern India: Siaochang Field in North China. terian Committee of Publications. With Special Reference to the W. F. Rowlands. 48 pp. Is. World Richmond, Va. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Dominion Press. London. E. A. H. Blunt. 874 pp. 15s. Ox- Gateways of Hope: Being Glimpses Year Book of American Churches. ford University Press. London. of the Work of the Mission to Herman C. Weber. Federal Council Lepers. Illus. Maps. 81 pp. Is. of Churches. New York. Purdah: The Status of Indian Women. Mission to Lepers. London. Freda Hauswirth (Mrs. Sararigad- The Indigenous Church in Peru. John Young's Dictionary of Bible Words har Das). 299 pp. lOs. 6d. Kegan Ritchie. 89 pp. 6d. World Domin- and Synonyms. Robert Young. 156 Paul. London. ion Press. London. pp. 88. Pickering & Inglis. London. The Gospel and the African. The Daughters of Africa. G. A. Gollock. Croall Lectures for 1930-81 on the Abundant Grace. W. P. Mackay. 284 Illus. Map. 175 pp. 2s. 6d. and Impact of the Gospel on a Central pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- 8s. 6d. Longmans. London. African People. Alexander Hether- don. . wick. 176 pp. $1.75. Scribner. Hunger and Work in a Savage Tribe. New York. His Mother's Book. Evelyn Everett- Audrey I. Richards. 289 pp. lOs. 6d. Routledge. London. Green. 190· pp. Is. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. Notes on the History of the Tumbuka- The Cross and Indian Thought. V. Kamanga Peoples in the Northern Chakkarai. 292 pp. Re. 1.4. Chris- Elsie's Sacrifice. Norah C. Usher. 60 Province of Nyasaland. T. Cullen tian Literature Society. Madras. pp. 9s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Young. Map. 192 pp. 6s. Reli- Jeshua-A Story of the Life of Christ. don. gious Tract Society. London. A, V. Pohlman. 826 pp. $2.50. Consolation. Mrs. Chas. E. Cowman. The Jew Through the Centuries. Her- Moyer and Lotter. Philadelphia. 867 pp. $1.50. Oriental Missionary :r bert L. Willett..422 pp. $8. Wil- Father McShane of Maryknoll-Mis- Society. Los Angeles. lett, Clark. Chicago. sioner in South China. ames Ed- Religions in Various Cultures. Horace Asiatic Asia. S. K. Datta. 194 pp. ward Walsh. 227 pp. $1.00. Dial . L. Friess and Herbert W. Schneider. 7s.6d. Faber and Faber.. London. Press. New York. 586 pp. $5. Henry Holt & Co. New York.

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