The Missionary Review of the World — December 1934

1934

Ancient Persia Goes Modern H. A. Lichtwardt Present-Day Shinto in Japan Albertus Pieters Present Value of Medical Missions Nathaniel Bercovitz Evangelization … in This Generation Kenneth Scott Latourette The Second Coming of Christ Henry W. Frost Go, Preach the Good News James H. Nicol

to Remember ABSOLUTELY FREE!

December 4-7-Federal Council of A CHRISTMAS GIFT EVERY MONTH FOR YOURSELF the Churches of Christ in America, AND A WORTHWHILE GIFT TO A FRIEND Biennial Meeting, Dayton, Ohio. God so loved the world that He gave His Son December 9-Universal Bible Sunday. Christ so loved mankind that He gave His life January 6-12-Universal Week of Millions of men and women have never even heard of this gift Prayer. of love. As a result they have not the benefits of this gift. What are you doing to make God's gift known? January 22 – February 16 – Cornell School for Missionaries, Cornell, Scripture Text Calendar, 1935 THE MISSIONARY N.Y. ~~W>RID FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Size of Calendar, 9% xl6 inches Makes known, month by ASSEMBLIES month, the need of men. FEATURES-This nationally ad- January 26-30-0rlando. vertised Messenger Scripture Text Cal- It describes January 27-30-Deland. endar has thirteen full-color copies of The wonderful work of God in January 30-February 1-Palm Beaches religious paintings of suitable size for February 2-7-Miami. framing. Brief stories of the, pictures. all parts of the world. February 7-8-Bradenton. Daily Scripture quotations. Schedule Carried on by all evangelical February 7-8-Fort Myers. showing how to read the Bible through February 9-15-St. Petersburg. in a year. Golden Texts for Interna- agencies. February 10-13—Clearwater. tional Sunday School lessons. Flower The spread of the Gospel in all February 13-1S-Tampa. and birthstone of each month. Pre- February 17-19-Lakeland. ceding and following month on each lands. February 17-19-Winter Haven. page. Phases of the moon, tides, holi- The transformation of men in February 19-21-Gainesville. days, etc. Value, 30 cents each. February 23-26—Jacksonville. all lands. The modern Miracles of Mis- To Rid Ohina of Leprosy SIons. Rev. T. C. Wu, M.A., B.D., the general secretary of the Chinese Mission Why not send THE REVIEW to Lepers, reports that he has found to your Friends-to some pas- Kwantung and Fukien Provinces to tor, missionary, parent, teacher? be most heavily infected with leprosy; It will bring the Christ Message Yunnan, Kwangsi and Kweichow are every month. This message second; Anwhei, Hupeh, Hunan and brings joy-peace-life. Kiansi third; Shantung fourth; Kiangsu and Chekiang fifth; and Shensi, Will you give as God has Kansu, and Manchuria with lesser given to you-FREELY? numbers. The total of China's lepers is estimated to be at least half a mil- CHRISTMAS CARD BOX ASSORTMENT lion. This gift box contains sixteen beautiful cards Mr. Wu's tours throughout China and folders, each with a Christmas sentiment, have resulted in the formation of engraved Bible text and an envelope to match. many local auxiliaries, and in the Every Scripture text card you mail will bear a establishment of leper hospitals at Christian greeting. The quality and variety of strategic centers. One of these, the both message and design found in our cards are Nanchang Leprosarium, was the first most attractive. They are produced by one of to be built solely through the efforts the finest art lithograph houses in America. of the Chinese. A campaign has been Value, 50 cents. conducted, under Mr. Wu's leadership, to have leprosy prevention informa- NOTIFICATION CARD tion presented to the public through posters, pamphlets, and text books. If desired, with every Christmas gift subscrip- The Nationalist Government was led tion we will send free one of our beautiful notification cards, size 5!4 x3!4 to enact suitable leprosy legislation inches, in colors. and to include "ridding China of leprosy" in its public health program. With every SUbscription we offer to send you FREE either The first National Leprosy Conference a box of assorted Christmas cards or two Scripture Text ever held in China was another proj- Calendars. ect of the Chinese Mission to Lepers whose latest step has been the spon- Send in your list of Christmas gift subscriptions today. We will send THE soring of a campaign to build a model MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and Notification Card in time to National Leprosarium in Shanghai, reach their destination for Christmas, and your premium selection to you promptly. as a treatment center for Shanghai's estimated 2,000 lepers and as a dem- Subscription price, United States and Canada, $2.50; foreign countries, $J. onstration center' for the training of nurses and doctors in the care of Subscription Department leprosy. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Mr. Wu was educated at Shanghai Baptist College, and has also studied Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. in America at Rochester Theological Seminary, at Columbia University and THIS OFFER IS ONLY GOOD UNTIL DECEMBER 25, 1934 Chicago. Returning to China in 1919, he' founded and became pastor of the • North Shanghai Baptist Church, resigning this post to assist in organizing the movement which has given China a place of leadership and influence among the nations seeking to banish leprosy from the world.

MISSIONARY Personal

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. William B. Millar, former gen- • DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor eral secretary of the New York Fed- eration of Churches, has been made with SPEED VOL. LVII DEC. 1934 No. 12 secretary of the Motion Picture Foun- COMFORT dation of the United States, recently ECONOMY Publication and Business Omce organized. The Foundation will com- Third a.nd Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. bat undesirable motion pictures by EmpresJ ofJapan . .. queen of the Pacifi~ supporting or actually subsidizing GO DIRECT … reach Yokohama in Editorial and Executive Omee good pictures, giving financial aid to 10 days on the fast sister-ships, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City independent producers of motion pic- Empress ofRflSjia and Empress ofAsia Entered as second-olass matter at tures who show a high moral tone. … the Pacific's shortest, fastest Post Omee, Ha.rrlsburg, Pa., under Act crossing. of March 3, 1879. *** OR VIA HONOLULU •.• the Empress oj 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Japan (fastest liner on the Pacific) Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Rev. Ren Da Ling, graduate of the and Empress ofCanada reach Hono- Published monthly, except August. Baptist Seminary, University of lulu in 5 days, Yokohamainjust8 All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. Shanghai, is the first pioneer mission- days more. ary to enter the land of Mongolia un- REDUCED ROUND -TRIP FARES ••• MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- der support of the Chinese Home Orient fares include passage from LISHING CO., INC. Missionary Society. He is supported Seattle. Luxurious First, excellent entirely by Chinese Christians. Tourist, low-priced Third Class. BOARD OF DIRECTORS FREQUENT SAILINGS ••• from Van· RoBERT E. SPEER, President *** couver (trains to ship-side) and WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent Victoria. Orient ports-of-calI: WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Dr. John W. Bradbury has resigned Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary his pastorate of the Wadsworth Ave- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT nue Baptist Church, New York City, Booklets, information . .. from your MR8. ORRIN R. JUDD to join the editorial staff of the own travel agent or any Canadian WM. B. LIPPHARD Watchman-Examiner. Dr. Bradbury Pacific office in N ewYork, Boston, ERIC M. NORTH is widely known through his writing Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, MILTON T. STAUFFER and preaching. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, A. L. WARN8HUIS Winnipeg, and many other cities SAMUEL M. ZWEMER *** in United States and Canada.

Editorial Chat The Rev. Harold H. Kelley, of Los Angeles, has been appointed superin- The Editor and the Directors of tendent of the Seamen's Church In- THE REVIEW heartily wish our read- stitute of New York. He succeeds the ers, and missionary-minded Christians late Rev. A. R. Mansfield. everywhere, a most Joyous Christmas and blessed. New Year. The only *** reason for the existence of THE RE- VIEW is the great Advent that we com- The Rt. Rev. Derwyn T. Owen, memorate at Christmas time. Christ D.D., Bishop of Toronto, has been is also the only hope for a truly elected Primate of All Canada, suc~ Happy New Year in any heart and in ceeding the Most Rev. C. L. Worrell, any part of the world. Archbishop of Nova Scotia, who re- cently died in Halifax. *** *** The coming year will be full of problems, and of opportunities, as is Dr. Alexander Hodge, of London, a true of years that are passed. One of these problems you can help solve graduate of Spurgeon College, has if you will take the opportunity to speak a good word for THE REVIEW been installed as pastor of the Baptist and the work for which we live and labor, and will do what you can to Tabernacle, Auckland, New Zealand, increase the number of subscribers. Help us to circulate our special num- where he suceeds the late Rev. Joseph bers and to promote interest in missions by leading others to read THE W. Kemp. He is regarded as one of REVIEW. If what readers say is any criterion, both you and they will be the most promising younger Christian gratified over the result. scholars and evangelical ministers of Here is a quotation from a recent letter: the conservative British Baptists. The Auckland Tabernacle is one of the '.'We are always glad to push the strongest churches in New Zealand sale of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and at our National Con- and has connected with it an excellent vention I shall be glad to have extra Bible Training School for Christian copies and call attention to them by a special poster. We always list the Workers. special numbers in our monthly magazine in connection with Mission *** Study material. We also recommend them in our monthly program. Dr. Robert R. Moton, for nineteen "It is always a pleasure to us to years principal of Tuskegee Institute, forward the interests of the REVIEW, is resigning from that important powhich we feel is indispensable to our sition. Dr. Moton is 68 years of age work." and will retire May 1, 1935. He has MRS WYTHE F. MOREHEAD, Executive Secretary, Literature been called the "Elder Statesman" of 12,000,000 American Negroes. After Committee, Woman's Mission- 25 years at Hampton Institute he was ary Society, The United Lu- theran Church in America, called to succeed Booker T. Washing- Philadelphia. Pa. ton at Tuskegee in 1916.

*** Miss Michi Kawai, author of "Jap- anese Women Speak," is filling speak- ing engagements in the Middle West and in December will be on the Pa- cific Coast. She sails for Japan about Christmas time.

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TIlliE-HONORED BURDEN-BEARERS OF PERSIAN

lIOOERN CARS AND AUTO-BUSSES SPEED UP LIFE IN TEHERAN OLD AND NEW METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION IN PERSIA

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TWELVE DECEMBER, 1934 Tapies of the Times CHRISTMAS AND THE CHRISTIAN Jesus himself proclaimed that He "came into Can a Christian be uncooperative in Christian the world to save sinners." History makes clear missionary work? That many who profess to be that men of all nations have made shipwreck of Christians are not missionary minded is self-evi- their lives. They have broken God's laws and as dent. They do not even claim to be interested. a result their lives have been destined for the The same anomoly applies to Christmas. Many scrap heap. They are like automobiles that have who celebrate the coming of Christ into the world failed to fulfill the purpose of the Maker so that seem to have no real interest in the work He came they need to be remade-to be saved-if they are to do. They join in the annual celebration but that again to function properly. is all. This is true in lands where Christ is generally know'll and widely acknowledged, as well as All that Jesus did on earth was done for the in nonchristian lands. In India, China and Japan, purpose of "saving the lost"; men who had lost and even among Moslems, one sees Christmas the way in the world; had lost their contact with decorations and festivals and the exchange of God; had lost their power and purpose. To seek· gifts. But the promotion of the Christmas spirit and to save men Jesus Christ came to reveal God is too often for social and commercial reasons and to men-in the fulness of His love and power. is not based on any desire to commemorate the He came to redeem men who were slaves of sin birth of Jesus Christ. Nevertheless the prevailing and under penalty for broken laws. He came to spirit of joy, of unselfish thought of others, and a show what men are intended to be and may bedesire to spread peace and goodwill among men come in the purpose of God. He came to make of all ages and classes and races, is something to clear that life on earth is but thEt threshold of a be fostered and promoted even though it fails to larger life, the school in which to prepare us for express the heart of the Christmas message. "God eternal life with God. is love . . . . . . if we love one another, God dwells in us and His love is perfected in us." Jesus came to bring joy to men, but it is the joy that follows release from bondage, the experience But the meaning of Christmas and the heart of of full fellowship with one another and harmony the Christmas message is not revealed in the spir- with God. Jesus Christ completed His work-the it of friendly joy and good fellowship, nor in the work of revelation and redemption-but He left giving and receiving of presents that bring pleas- His followers to complete the work of making ure to the recipient and profit to the tradesman. known the "Good News" to others. The heart of the Christmas message is the "Good News" that Jesus Christ brought when He came Nineteen hundred years ago He commissioned into the world over nineteen hundred years ago. us to carry the Christmas message, the Gospel, by word and life, into all the world; and yet today at least two-thirds of mankind have no clear knowledge of this Gospel. Too often the deeds of How then can anyone truly celebrate Christmas professing Christians have shouted so loud that and at the same time fail to be vitally interested the world cannot hear what our lips testify of in Christian missions? We enjoy Christmas mu- Christ. While the Christmas spirit of giving and sic; we give Christmas presents; we join in love is expressed by gifts and songs, does ;not the Christmas festivals and listen to Christmas mes- anti-Christmas spirit prevail through the year- sages-but what are we doing to complete the the spirit of selfish getting and indifference to the work which Christ Jesus came to do and which temporal and eternal welfare of our fellowmen He has entrusted to those who believe in Him? and women?

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Christmas celebrations are a mockery unless in these sufferers and to stir up governments to they are dominated by the spirit of Christ. This make adequate provision for them and the study spirit of One who gave Himself is best expressed of their disease; (4) to promote steps to rid the by giving ourselves to His service for the redemp- world of leprosy-by prevention, segregation, the tion of our fellow men, to carry out the purpose proper care and medical treatment of lepers, and and program of Christ. Can anyone be a true through a scientific study of the disease. Christian and be lacking in missionary mindedness? Those who would truly celebrate Christmas The problem is as yet far from solved. Much and show the Christmas spirit will feel no indif- has been learned about leprosy; thousands of sufference to the needs of men and progress of Chris- ferers have been comfortably housed; good food tian missions. "Let this mind be in you which and medical treatment have lessened their sufferwas also in Christ Jesus," who, "being rich, for ing; many have been discharged as cured or the our sakes became poor that we through His pov- disease arrested. Homes for untainted children erty might become rich." of lepers have been founded and the coming gen- eration have thus been saved from contamination. THE MISSION TO LEPERS More than this, healthful occupations, have been provided; hope has been given them and thou- One of the most unique and Christ-like pieces sands, who have come to know Christ as their of mission work in the world is The Mission to Saviour, have experienced the joy of new life in Lepers which celebrated this year its diamond Him. The only happy lepers in the world live in jubilee. It was founded sixty years ago in a draw- these mission homes where the love of Christ preing room near Dublin, Ireland, by Wellesley C. vails. Bailey. Thirty-seven years later the American branch of the Mission was organized and was in- But the vast undone overshadows the work accorporated in 1920 as The American Mission to complished. The American Mission to Lepers is Lepers. Christians have long been interested in carrying a large share of the work-in China, lepers; .for centuries isolated missionaries, like Japan, Korea, Siam, the Philippines, India, Per- Father Damien and Francis of Assisi, have sia, Africa and Latin America. The British Comworked among them here and there, but never, mittee is responsible for the work in India and until Mr. Bailey had it laid upon his heart, was Burma, Palestine and Syria. It is an interdenomany systematic effort made to interest people in inational work in which the Mission builds the the whole world problem, and to minister to their hospitals and supplies funds for running expenses needs wherever these sufferers are found. while the denominational boards support their own missionary workers who superintend the hos- Wellesley Bailey was a missionary in India and pitals. The need is great. was deeply impressed with the sufferings of lepers and their neglected condition. He was convinced The reports given at the recent annual meeting that the love of Christ must constrain His follow- of the American Mission show that this Christers to seek to obey His command: "Cleanse the like work has been wonderfully blessed. Christlepers" both physically and spiritually. mas is a great time for lepers and gifts of extra food and clothing have brought joy to hundreds Sixty years ago there was very little being done under Christian care in all parts of the world. In for the 2,000,000 or more lepers of the world, cleansing the lepers, physically and spiritually, we scattered over Asia, Africa, South America and minister not only to them but to ourselves and to the Islands of the Sea. Today as an outgrowth of Christ.* Mr. Bailey's work there are some 180 leper hospitals and settlements at which lepers are cared A REMARKABLE MASS MOVEMENT for by Protestant mission workers of many denominations in forty-four countries. These mis- Dansk Missionsblad calls attention to a remarksions are helping about 11,000 (not including able movement which suddenly and unexpectedly government institutions) lepers out of the 2,000,- has created problems that may prove to be of far 000 sufferers from this disease in all lands. Mr. reaching importance. Several thousand former Bailey still lives in Great Britain at the age of Roman Catholics of the lower classes have come eighty-eight and has the rare privilege of seeing to ask for reception into the Lutheran Church. the work which he started, under the guidance of God, extending its Christlike ministry in all parts In the Trichinopoly and Tanjore there are large of the world where lepers are found. areas where the Catholic influence is so great that in some places, where there are no evangelical The fourfold purpose of the mission is (1) to Christians at all, there are thousands of Roman minister to the physical needs of lepers; (2) to Catholics. Among them the caste question seems proclaim to them the Gospel of Christ and min- to loom large, the upper classes being privileged, ister to their spiritual life ; (3) to awaken interest • Gifts may be sent to the American Mission to Lepers, Inc., Flem- Ing H. Revell, Treas., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Dr. William J. Scheffelin is President and William M. Danner, General Secretary.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

having beautiful churches and other advantages State interference. The Socialistic state believes setting them above the lower castes. Great oppo- in a totalitarian State with the State dominant sition has made itself felt among the lower castes, and no interference by the Church in politics, edu- especially under the influence of the Self-respect cation or business. Formerly in Roman Catholic Movement which has been stirring up the people and Moslem countries it was a question of liberty with promises of social equality and similar ad- or the dictatorship of the Church; today in many vantages. Under the agitations of agents three lands the conflict is between liberty and State dic- year:s ago many thousands of people left the Ro- tatorship. In Mexico any property used for edu- man Church without seeking affiliation with any cational purposes reverts to the State. It is ru- other. Their hopes were far from being realized mored that all Roman Catholic churches may be and since the Indian soul is essentially religious, closed as a result of the present dispute. Under and these people have lost confidence in the Ro- the Mexican constitution any Mexican receiving man Church they are turning in great numbers to appointment or commission from a foreign power the Lutherans. In a meeting which was said to (and the Pope is such) loses his nationality-and represent 30,000 people, they resolved formally to therefore priests of Rome, engaged in propaganda, turn to the great Tamil Church and the Leipzig are subject to expUlsion.

Mission which stands back of it. We cannot ignore the fact that the .Roman A commission, composed of Missionaries Fryk- Catholic Church, which was dominant in Mexico holm and Wangsjo of the Swedish Mission and for so many years, failed to educate or uplift the Dr. Grafe from the old Leipzig Mission, traveled people economically or socially. After four hun- all over the affected area and their report of the dred years of the monoply of education, 85% of investigations was recently published in Svenska the people were in dire poverty. In the fourteen Kyrkans Missionstidning. The commission was years since the State has taken over responsibility everywhere received in large gatherings and with for education, illiteracy has reduced to 35% and much ceremony. Their Indian speakers expressed economic and social conditions have been greatly their intentions of joining the Lutheran Church improved. The question now is-To what will and assured the commission that the spiritual the people be educated? Will they use their knowl- urge was the most important motive. They em- edge for the benefit of the whole country and will phasized the fact that great difficulties would at- there be liberty to worship God and to teach the tend their return to the Roman Church and that rising generation to know, to worship and to serve they expected no material benefits from joining Him. The Protestants of Mexico do not object to the Lutherans. the State control of education, provided that the While some of the motives do not seem entirely State does not prohibit or limit religious education clear and in several meetings representatives of and the worship of God as He is revealed in Jesus the Self-respect Movement seemed to be among Christ.

the prominent speakers, the commission was per- suaded that the movement deserves earnest con- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL PROGRESS sideration.-C. Theodore Benze. This body of evangelical Christians, that has CHURCH AND STATE IN MEXICO recently held its General Convention in Atlantic City (October 10 to 20), voted to retain the name Now the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house Protestant. Thus they continue to link them- of the Mexican Government, has unanimously selves with those who have "protested" against voted to deport all Roman Catholic bishops and the abuses of the Papacy, while they continue also archbishops from Mexico on the ground that they to claim that they have always been truly "Cath- have engaged in subversive propaganda. This ac- olic."

tion is in line with the policy to exclude religious The convention in the great auditorium some- teaching from all schools so that the Government times numbered over 30,000 people including over can have full control of the education of the peo- one hUlidred bishops and a choir of nearly one ple. The archbishops and bishops are fighting thousand voices. The convention was dramatic against communistic or socialistic teaching l;tnd and even sensational at many points. On October thus the Church is considered an enemy of the 14th there was a "youth demonstration" when a State, which is endeavoring to control the press, seemingly endless line of hundreds of young peo- the schools, the industries, and the government. ple from six to sixteen years of age from all over The Roman Catholic Church believes in a union of the land, filed into the hall and listened to a stir- Church and State, with the Church dominant. ring address by Bishop James E. Freeman, of Protestants believe in the separation of Church Washington.

and State with the Church free to promote the re- The formal presentation of the United Thank ligious and spiritual life of the people without Offering, contributed by the women during the

past three years, was taken up by 150 members State, the new Reich Church proposes to provide of the Girls' Friendly Society at the corporate Nazidom with an alliance of Christianity with communion service of the women. The total Nationalism and Socialism on a cooperative basis.

amount of the offering was announced as $807,- This has led to the clash between "German Chris- 747.87. tians" and the conservative Evangelical Chris- At a joint session of bishops and deputies, the tians.

Presiding Bishop emphasized the fact that mis- Roman Catholics have been invited to join the sionary work is the chief business of the church, new Reich Church, but they have refused to let saying: their Church be used to further the ends of the "Weare here as Christian men and women to Nazi State. Some Protestants, on the other hand, perform the chief work which Jesus Christ has have cooperated with the State. The present con- committed to us. The whole membership of the flict is between German Christians who approve, church is embraced in the Domestic and Foreign and those who oppose this surrender.

Missionary Society. Tlle foundation stone of In spite of official optimism, the experiment with faith is loyalty of the individual to His Lord. the Church is not showing signs of a successful "Missionary work is the work of carrying out result. Some think that under the Reichsbishop the mission of our Lord Jesus Christ to the world. the Protestant Churches would eventually become This work is seriously hampered and endangered Free Churches, as in America, while others pre- by lack of support. Vacancies in the field cannot dict a more complete domination of the Church by be filled; volunteers for service must be turned the State. The situation may grow worse before away and work on the mission field must be a final settlement is reached.

closed." Current national problems affect all religious as This is true both at home and abroad. America well as political thinking and give color to the must not be allowed to become pagan. There is idea that "Germany needs her own type of Chris- need for vision, for courage and for self-sacrifice tianity." The widespread enlistment of the youth, in loyalty to Christ. A deficit of $529,804 was the unemployed, and the able-bodied men and reported in the missionary treasury. At the mis- women in the regimented political organizations sionary mass meeting, a young man knelt at the of the Nazi Party tend to popularize the slogan, altar and then made an inspiring appeal for a "One People, One Nation, One Church."

truly sacrificial offering. Only $5,000 had been The enthusiasm that has marked the political received from over 25,000 people. He pleaded that revival under Adolph Hitler was brought into the those who really cared would reach into their church by men who have banded themselves to- pockets and bring a ten-dollar bill or whatever gether and, according to Hitler's wish, called them- they could to the steps of the altar and lay it there selves 'German Christians.''' These men, led by with a prayer for the mission of the church. He Hossenfelder and Ludwig Mueller, a former naval led the way to the steps and, kneeling there alone, chaplain, resolved to reorganize the "church of placed the first offering. There was a breathless the people." From the start there was no clear moment of surprise, and then the Holy Spirit distinction between religion and politics.

moved that great gathering and they began to It is too early to judge the controversy object. come forward-at first by twos and threes, and ively. There will be a fight to the finish unless a then by hundreds and thousands until the mis- great Reformer appears to bring unity out of the sionary bishops had to act as ushers to guide the present division. The press is muzzled and men vast crowds. There were tears in many eyes, as learn little of what is going on; they see effects men and women old and young, bishops, priests without knowing their cause. The bad effects of the and laity, surged forward and placed $7,916 more struggle have cast a blighting shadow on the spiron the altar. itual health of the nation. The removal of 800 * GERMAN PROTESTANTS PROTEST clergy from office by the Reichsbishop belies the claim of liberty of conscience or of speech. The Protestantism in Germany is in a crucial state dissolution of the Protestant youth organizations in a great experiment. The Hitler Government and their merging into the Hitler Youth deprives has attempted to merge Lutheran, Reformed and the Church of its former influence on the younger Prussian Unionist churches into a new National generation. Nazi thought welcomes the help of the German Church. Protestants the world over have Church but does not protect it from the aggressive been anxiously waiting to see what will happen. so-called new heathenism and its unchristian standards of morality. The Aryan paragraph pro- Organized on the same principle of leadership motes racial discrimination and thwarts the uni- -the "Fuehrerprinzip"-that underlies the Nazi versality of the Gospel.

* This account of conditions In Germany Is written by a Lutheran C. THEODORE BACHMANN.

theological student w'ho spent the past summer In Germany.

PERSIAN PULLMAN CARS). ONE ON EACH SIDE OF A CAMEL ACCOMMODATES A WOMAN AND

Ancient Persia Goes Modern By H. A. LICHTWARDT, M.D.

American Hospital, Hamadan, Persia PERSIA, to many people, is just a word that itation, and had some fine sculptors, wonderful brings up visions of camel caravans winding artists and brilliant painters. their way along endless desert trails; of sweet-throated nightingales singing their beauti- Various factors entered into the decadence of ful songs in the deep-scented rose gardens; of this fine old civilization, causing Persia to lose veiled women and bearded men walking through her position of leadership. First there was milinarrow, winding village streets; of the quatrains tary invasion; the Grecian troops under Alexanof Omar Khayum as they have been so admirably der the Great swept from one end of the country translated by Fitzgerald. to another, robbing, pillaging, destroying, burn- ing, as was the custom of invading armies in those But Persia is more than that; Persia is a nation days. Gengis Khan and Tamerlane and their of fifteen million Aryan men and women striving hordes came down from the north, even more deto awaken from a lethargy of many centuries; structive and cruel. Arthur Upham Pope writing struggling to emerge from a political, economic of these latter invasions, says: and religious morass that has engulfed them for This dreadful succession swept over the country like a centuries. The Persians are a very intelligent bloody foam, leaving the fairest cities a wilderness of rub- People, capable and industrious " and are J'ust now throwing aside the heavy blanket of superstition, bish and rotting corpses. Their speed, their fury and their ignorance and illiteracy, and are stepping forth mastery of every branch of warfare, made resistance not into the light of the new day with political free- only futile but impossible. Their mark was a series of massacres and devastations, which not only destroyed dom, religious liberty and economic independence. every kind of public monument with invaluable contents, Persia was once one of the greatest nations of works of art and books, but blotted out whole cities. The destruction of human life was equally appalling; the acthe ancient world. Twenty-five hundred years cumulated knowledge and traditions of ages were obliter- ated. (Pope; Persian Art. Page 31.) ago, that progressive empire, under Cyrus, Darius Famine and flood have also played their part and Xerxes, was the most highly civilized, the through the centuries, as well as earthquake and most modern on earth. Today excavations at Per- epidemic, but in my opinion the most destructive sepolis and Damghan and Rhey are bringing new influence of all has been the invasion of Islam. evidences of the wonderful culture of that period, Forced upon an unwilling people, this philosophy showing us that they were great builders, fine of the prophet Mohammed, distorted at times by architects, had knowledge of engineering and san- his successors, was of a type that did not encour- [551 ]

age education, research or progress of any kind. ing about him men of real ability, his majesty The result was a mental stagnation of brilliant has succeeded in awakening a spirit of construcminds; a pathetic lethargy settled upon a capable tive nationalism such as Persia has never known nation. During these years too Persia was often before. Formerly the government was greatly inunfortunate in her type of leadership; she had fluenced, and at times actually controlled, by the some splendid men, such as Shah Abbas, who was Moslem ecclesiastics, the mullahs, of whom a few contemporary with Queen Elizabeth of England, were capable honest men, but many of whom were selfish, narrow fanatics. This is now changed, ANCIENT GRANDEUR~EXCAVATED RUINS OF PERSIPOLIS and although Persia is still officially a Mohamme- dan country, the mullahs are only the clergy, and and who earnestly tried to improve the condition have no voice in the central government. There of his people. is religious liberty in Persia today, although the government's interpretation of what this means When we went out to Persia in 1919, the coun- is not as broad or liberal as we should like. try was being ruled by a boy-king, Sultan Ahmet Shah, a selfish, sensual lad, surrounded by even Two decades ago, only one boy out of a hundred more selfish advisors. The central government had a chance for education, and only one girl out was weak, taxes were high, education was at a of ten thousand. Education in those days was standstill, industries were most primitive, and most primitive, with the exception of a few govthe lot of the peasant and laboring man was in- ernment schools and some well-organized mission deed difficult. This young Shah had no patriotic schools in the larger cities. Under this new Shah, motives, no desire to improve the condition of his Persia has had an educational awakening and the people, but merely strove to gather riches for him- leaders, at least, are becoming school-conscious. self; spending his life in luxurious indolence The Department of Education has been re-organeither in his capital city, Teheran, or in Paris. ized and the present head of that department is a The most constructive thing he ever did for Per- splendid Persian, a graduate of the American sia was when he finally went to Paris and re- Mission College in Teheran. New schools are bemained there until he died a few years ago, leaving ing opened even in the smaller cities-schools for an estate of several million dollars, squeezed out girls as well as for boys. The mission schools are of starving farmers and poverty-stricken working people. THE GATEIWAY TO TEHERAN–THE CIAPITAL CITY A new leader, however, was being developed in still maintaining their leadership and are present- Persia. A young man, born of an ordinary family ing a fine program of modern Christian education, in Mazenderan, who as a lad had no opportunity and are reaching hundreds of the finest of the for education, entered the Persian army as a pri- young men and young women of Persia. vate soldier. With no wealth nor influence, but by sheer force of character and ability for leader- In accordance with the government edict severship, he won his way gradually up through the al years ago there are no primary schools con:. ranks, until he became the commander-in-chief of trolled by the missions; however in some centers, all of the troops of Persia. He then became the such as Hamadan, the local Christian group has minister of war, then the prime minister, and assumed charge of the primary school, which is finally in the spring of 1926, he was crowned the real progress. The high schools and colleges in king of kings, the Shah of all Persia. In the eight charge of the missions, in various parts of the years that His Majesty, Riza Khan Pahlevi, has country, are exerting an immeasurable influence in been the ruler of Iran there has been more real progress, more constructive changes in Persia than in the previous eight hundred years.

Inspiring patriotism in his people, and gather-

ANCIENT PERSIA GOES MODERN

PERSIAN DEI.EGA.TES TO A STUDENT CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE, TEHERAN, 1933 Of these delegates, nineteen are from Moslem parentage. Others include Armenians, Assyrians, Jews, Greeks and Americans.

the spread of Christian ideals, as well as in the and textbooks. Post mortem examinations are al- presentation of modern pedagogy. so forbidden, which of course retards medical The new leaders of Persia realize that in addi- progress considerably.

tion to agriculture and the raising of sheep, there Since 1919 we have been working up at Meshed, must be industries developed to take care of the in the northeastern corner of Persia, 100 miles needs of the people; and in the past few years south of the Russian border, and 120 miles west mills have been established that weave a good of the borders of Afghanistan. Our little hospital grade of cloth; other factories make soap, thread, there (The American Christian Hospital) is the shoes, and many other items that formerly had to only one equipped with X-ray and modern surgi- be imported. The government is exerting a wise, cal equipment in that entire province of two mil- paternal control over these various industries to lion people. The Persians however are building avoid duplication and unwise competition. new hospitals gradually, and in Meshed itself, a As a physician, the thing that appalled me most large 300 bed general hospital is in the process of when we first went to Persia, was the great construction. But, even as in America, the physi- amount of disease; sickness, suffering, misery, cians tend to congregate in the larger cities, and death and so little being done to alleviate condi- as one travels through the villages, and up in the tions or improve them. Those who live in Amer- hills, one realizes the tremendous amount of suf- ica, where there are so many fine hospitals, fering and disease. Hundreds throng about the splendid clinics and excellent doctors cannot imag- doctor begging for relief; timid mothers holding ine conditions in a land like Persia with inade- up emaciated babies that have been hopelessly quate medical facilities, and a general lack of blinded by smallpox; young men prematurely knowledge of hygiene, sanitation or even ordinary aged by pulmonary tuberculosis, come in cough- cleanliness. In America today there is one doctor ing, coughing, spitting blood, and ask for medicine for every 780 people; in Persia there is only one to relieve the tightness of their chest: others come well-trained physician to every 100,000 people. holding out crippled hands or feet, covered with The only place in Persia where the young man sores, wounds, ulcers, open to the dust and dirt, may study medicine is in the Imperial Medical sometimes literally black with flies, sometimes School at Teheran, an institution which is gradu- white with maggots, occasionally covered with a a ally improving, but which is still far from what green leaf or a piece of paper, but no clean gauze would be considered class "A" medical school. or dressings such as we are accustomed to. Doz- As Persia is a Mohammedan country, the human ens come, shielding their eyes from the glare of body after death is considered very sacred, and the sun and the desert, and beg for eye-drops to thus the medical students in their study of anat- relieve this constant burning from trachoma or omy are not allowed to dissect the cadaver, but conjunctivitis; so much blindness everywhere, must endeavor to learn the subject from charts little children, old men, young women; blindness

not only from smallpox, but from gonorrhea, and filthy drinking water. Recently when cholera from trachoma and its various complications. threatened from an adjoining country, a vigorous Pale, anemic women, shivering, shivering with the quarantine was established. Free clinics are bechills of malaria, petition for some health-giving ing opened in various centers, and more-or-Iess quinine; crippled deformed lepers hold up their qualified public health doctors are being stationed fingerless hands and ask for some cure for their throughout the country. Medical practice laws disease. are being revised and strengthened to abolish quacks and charlatans, and there is a general im- It is all so pathetic and so unnecessary, for most provement in sanitary conditions, although there of Persia (except regions near the Caspian and is still so much to be done. In the capital city, Teheran, with its 310,000 inhabitants, although MODERN EDUOATION IN THE AMERIC'AN COLLEGE, TEHERAN there are many beautiful wide avenues, and large public buildings, there is no piped water system, down near the Gulf) is very healthy, as far as no proper sewage system, and much disease. climate is concerned; a high, dry plateau with little rainfall and an abundance of life-giving, One of the most hopeful things is that the edugerm-destroying sunshine. Most of the disease is cated Persians themselves are beginning to realpreventable, if only the folks would know how to ize the need of improvement of conditions and live, how to take care of themselves, and if ade- their own newspapers are full of editorials conquate medical facilities were available. We found, demning destructive practices and are suggesting, and even demanding, reforms. In the July 4th in 1920, that 85 % of the little children were dying issue of the Shafagh Sorgh, one of Teheran's larg- est papers, we find an editorial discussing the under the age of five; conditions are gradually question of why the population of Persia is deimproving and our last figures show that only creasing. The writer says that it is not that the young men are not marrying for they do, and 60 % are dying before that age. But even 60 % some get more than one wife. He continues: is much too high. Can you imagine the morbidity, MODERN ME[)ICAL CARE FOR CH~LDREN IN THE the needless suffering, the pain, the agony, the AMERIC'AN HOSPITAL distress, the misery? These conditions are due sometimes to ignorance, sometimes to over crowd- Moreover it is much better that this number do not ing, sometimes to superstition. Much of the in- marry, and not pollute the blood of the next generation fant mortality was due to the Mohammedan cus- with syphilis germs …… A few months ago I was visittom of child marriage; little girls of 9, 10 and 11 ing some of the southern cities …… I saw fathers who being given in marriage to men much older. These during 20 years have had 15 or 16 children, and have girls became mothers at 14 or 15 and know noth- buried all of them, one after another…… I saw quite ing of the care or feeding of infants. The new big villages or towns whose whole population is overtaken Persian Government has passed stringent laws, with malaria, ~hile the crops were left in the fields and forbidding this child marriage, and is enforcing there was nobody to take care of them. One passes them, indicative of their new attitude towards through hundreds of villages and towns without seeing a progress, and towards the general improvement single physician …… In some larger towns one physician of conditions for the Persian people. who has been sent by the government can be seen and this one was a fortune-teller. He diagnoses syphilis as sore The Public Health Department of Persia has throat and treats it in such a way that there is little ·hope been re-organized and improved; smallpox vac- of living. If someone has appendicitis they think it is a cination is being offered in the cities and villages, mere stomachache and in a short time will kill the paand in some places is being required before chil- tient. . . . .. (Shu/ugh Sorgh, July 4, 1934.) dren are admitted to school. Typhoid innoculations are available although few use them, and there is still a great mortality from typhoid, dysentery and various diarrheas spread through

However I am not pessimistic about Persia, for fluence. Commencing a century ago, in western when one considers the obstacles to be overcome, Persia, the modern Christian church has gradual- marvellous progress has been, and is being made. ly spread eastward, until today groups of believ- Superstition must be combatted, lethargy must be ers are found as far east as Khorassan on the destroyed, illiteracy must be removed, ignorance Afghan border, in all the larger cities both in the must be eradicated, immorality must be wiped north and south, and even in some of the smaller out; and all tlIe~e things require patience, wis- towns. Through the Christian schools and Chris- dom, energy and leadership. tian hospitals, as well as through the direct evan- Ancient Persia is going modern; new roads are· gelistic work, carried on by American and British being built, schools are being opened, industries are being developed, disease is being slowly com~ batted. In my opinion, what Persia needs today is not primarily a new civilization, with its new education, its new sanitation its new transporta- tion, as fine as all these things may be. What Persia needs today is a new salvation. The old philosophy of Islam has been weighed in the bal- ances of time and experience and has been found wanting. Persia today is drifting, and in what direction?

Sir Arnold Wilson in his new book on Persia, says: "The present tendency amongst educated Persians is towards a somewhat unenlightened materialism. They have thrown off the shackles of Islam, and have as yet found nothing to take its place; a rigid determinism underlies much of the popular expressions of thought."* DR. LICHTWARDT AND HIS SUNDAY; SCHOOL We who have been working in Iran, as real CLASS OF PEJllSIANS friends of Persia, feel that in the teachings of the missionaries and by the Persian Christians as Christ, there is a genuine philosophy, a workable well, this Gospel of hope is now being spread plan, a real salvation, which can and should take through the entire land. The workers are all to the place of Islam, which has not proven satisfac- few for the field is so large, and there is so much tory. Some of the young men of Persia are drift- to do, but backed by the intercessory prayers of ing into atheism, some into agnosticism, some into Christians throughout the world, we feel that the Communism, but more into Bahai-ism, which is Church of the Christ is the real hope of this new an offshot of Islam, an easy type of universalism, Persia.

that would appeal to a discontented type of shal- Not only does Persia need Christ, but the whole low mind. world needs Him. With so much strife, discon- The Church of Christ in Persia is growing, year tent, bloodshed, lust, hatred, violence, uncertainty by year, in numbers as well as in strength and in- and doubt, the hope of the world today is in the • Sir Arnold Wilson, Persia, page 184; Scribner, 1932. loving, sacrificial saving Christ, and in Him alone.

EXPERIENCE AND EXPRESSION The Wesleyan Movement made two great contributions to the world. One was the fact that the whole movement was founded up'on an inner experience of God which transformed and lighted up the whole of life. All else was secondary to this one central thing-a radiant experience of God. The chief business of the Christian Church is to produce the moral and spiritual miracle of conversion. When it has lost power to do this, the Church has lost its right to live. God has raised us up for the perpetuating of this miracle. Confused and paralyzed men need this today as never before.

The second great contribution of Wesley was his conception: "The world is my parish." There was to be no territorial or racial limitations to the redemption movement.

These two things stand together. One is the experience and the other is the expression. The experience goes to the depths of the individual's need and extends to the need of the earth's last man. Cool either one, and you kill both. We must hold to this vision and reaffirm that the world is still our parish. Put within that word "world" a deeper content than geographical extent-the world of economic relationships and the world of race and international relationships must be our parish. Christ must conquer it all.- E. STANLEY JONES.

A Brahman Becomes a Christian By the REV. H. G. HOWARD, Kodoli, India • Missionary .of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

I N SOME sections of India where there have been mass movements among the outcastes there are now considerable numbers of middle caste aod high caste Hindus becoming Christians. In our part of India there has been as yet no such movement among the middle castes, though we think there are so many Marathas who are convinced of the truth of Christianity that if a few will take the lead in accepting Christ and enduring what persecution may result, many others will follow them.

A few months ago a young man, a Brahman doctor, trained in the Miraj Medical School, accepted baptism after having his heart filled with devotion to the Lord Jesus. Before being bap- tized he visited his home in South India to tell his brother and other relatives why he was taking this step and to try to persuade them, too, to accept the Saviour.

Last May I spent a week in Mahabaleshwar, where the language school for new missionaries is held. On the way there a Hindu sitting near me in the bus asked me where I was going. When I replied he said, "You will see Harshe pandit there; he has become a Christian." I answered, "I have known Mr. Harshe for many years; he is a Poona Brahman. How do you know that he has become a Christian?" "I read it," he replied, "in the newspaper."

On my arrival there I learned that Mr. Ha~she had been baptized on the preceding Saturday. As the service had been announced beforehand it was no secret and Mr. Harshe received many let- ters from people who urged him not to become a Christian. A delegation of Brahmans from Poona went to try to persuade him not to be baptized. When they found out that he was taking the step because of his personal convictions, they said that they would no longer try to dissuade him. An Indian queen wrote him that she supposed he was becoming a Christian because he was probably loaded down with debt, in which case she would give him Rs. 3000 to help him pay his debts and to keep him from being baptized. He replied that he was not in need of money, but it was because of his faith in the Lord Jesus that he was accepting baptism. She then wrote him to go ahead and be baptized. Mr. Harshe said that he could find beautiful passages in the Hindu sacred books, but he could not find in the Hindu books the power he had found in Christ and it was because of his having experienced the power of Christ that he was publicly accepting Him.

Especially interesting in connection with his baptism is the fact that his family did not disown him. His two sons, young men 21 or 22 year~ old, published a letter in the newspapers stating that they were still Hindus, but that they loved thelt father and would not disown him, in fact they hon- ored him more than before because of his acting in accordance with his convictions. Mr. Gandhi wrote them: "I congratulate you on your attitude toward your father. If you find in Hinduism the peace you need, it is your duty to remain Hindus in spite of your father's change of religion." The sons are seriously considering their duty in the matter; they wish, if they become Christians, to do so because of their own personal convictions, not because their father has become a Christian.

When the family returned to Poona in June the father was wondering whether his landlord would let him come back into his house, in the midst of Brahman neighbors. The landlord, how- ever, when he met him, embraced him and said, "You have been my friend all these years; you are still my friend." Many neighbors have asked for Bibles or New Testaments as they say they want to find out what it is in these books that has attracted Mr. Harshe. His sons say they had to get quite a supply of Bibles and New Testaments to give to their inquiring neighbors.

Pray that Mr. Harshe may be strengthened in his faith in the Lord Jesus, that he may have the joy of seeing his wife and two sons and daughter accept the Saviour, and that they may be used to lead others openly to confess the Lord Jesus.

From a letter dated September 10, 1934.

Present–Day Shinto in

By the REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, D.D., Holland, Michigan Formerly Missionary of the Reformed Church in America; Now Professor of Bible and Missions in Western Theological Seminary THERE is at present one pagan empire in the require us to render it "gods," not god, for in all world-one only-the Empire of Japan. By historic time the Japanese have been, as they are a pagan empire we mean one that, on the one now, a polytheistic people. They have "gods many hand by the prevailing faith and worship of its and lords many." If you ask them how many, the population, and on the other hand by the formal conventional answer is: "Yao yorodzu no kami" profession and determination of its government, -800 times 10,000 gods. This is not to be underis committed to that form of religion that we call stood as an accurate census return of the divine paganism; which is primitive nature worship, population, but rather as a round number for an spirit worship, and hero or ancestor worship, un- uncounted multitude.

modified by philosophic thinking. The first chapter of the Epistle of Paul to the Anciently, the whole world, with the exception Romans contains an accurate description of the of the commonwealth of Israel, was pagan in this paganism of Japan. Sketched from life, as he saw sense, and practically every organized government the worship of the Roman Empire all about him, was pagan; irreligious governments being un- no change is required to make it applicable to that known in ancient times. Today it is not so. There of Japan today; from which we learn that, in its are still pagans enough in many lands, notably in essential principles and results, paganism is as China, India, Africa, and the islands of the sea; unchangeable as Christianity. Its root idea, but, with one exception, there are no "pagan" gov- everywhere and always, is the deification of the ernments. Africa and the South Seas have only creature.

unorganized races, or simple tribal governments, This creature worship takes various forms. In with scarcely a kingdom worthy of the name; one form it is the direct worship of the natural India is under a Christian sovereign, and the lead- object itself: the sun, the moon, mountains, rivers, ing general of the Repul1lic of China is a Chris- trees, animals, and insects. All these are wortian. It is thus Japan-Japan alone-that stands shipped in Japan. The Japanese have coined a forth in the 20th century as a survival of this proverb, half serious, half facetious: Aka iwashi ancient state of things. From the standpoint of no atama de mo shinjirlr-"even the head of a dried religion and missions this is a most interesting sardine may be a god." fact. At the same time Japan is a strong, virile, In a little higher form it is worship of the spirit expanding, military nation, the destiny of which, that resides in a natural object, or is symbolized whether for peace or war, is intimately linked to by it. Scholars call this "animism." Japan is full that of the United States. It is therefore impor- of it. People worship the "kami" of the mountain tant for us to know what the paganism of Japan or river. Although generally to be rendered is, and how this paganism is likely to influence its "god," the word "kami" in such connections means spirit, its attitude, and its actions. the spirit of the mountain rather than its god.

The paganism of Japan goes by the name of In still another form there is personification of Shinto, legitimately anglicised into Shintoism. the natural force or object; and the imaginary This is a compound word, being the Chinese read- person thus produced becomes, to the common peoing of two characters that stand for two Japanese pIe, a real historic individual, although the fact words; "kami"-god, or gods, and "michi"-way, that it is a personification only, remains clear or path: therefore also doctrine. It means, there- enough to any ,student. Thus we have the supreme fore, the way, or doctrine, about the gods. It does divinity of Japan, named Ama Terasu-"She Who not mean the doctrine that comes from God, or the Shines in the Sky"-plainly enough the Sun gods, for Shinto does not profess to originate in Goddess. Her shrine at Ise is the Mecca of Japan, any divine revelation. Although the word "kami" and in the mythology she is the ancestress of the in itself is neither singular nor plural, the facts Emperor, through her grandson, whom she sent [ 557]

down from heaven to rule the world. So nature cruder forms of Shinto, such as find expression in worship passes over into hero worship, ancestor these "ungraded and village shrines." Hence the worship, and emperor worship. decrease in the number of such shrines, both abso- lutely and in proportion to the population. Hence, Paganism, as briefly described above, consisting also, the very dilapidated and neglected condition of primitive nature, spirit, and hero worship, has of many that remain. Besides that, there are arisbeen since the dawn of history, and is today, the ing new forms of Shinto, organized in better harfaith of the masses of Japan. That Buddhism is mony with modern social conditions, and the Govalso largely prevalent, is not inconsistent with this ernment, for its own purposes, is providing larger statement, for most Buddhists are Shintoists at and more popular shrines. the same time. Now, since Japan, for fifty years or more, has been in touch with all modern devel- New Forms of SlrirlIto opments, has enjoyed the privileges of modern education, and has been the field of zealous Chris- The new forms of Shinto are a most interesting tian propaganda by missionaries and Japanese study. Many of them, in terminology and form of preachers, it is an interesting and important ques- organization, are very plainly imitations of Christion how far all this has had an effect. Is modern tian churches. This appears, first of all, in the Shinto losing its hold, and is it in any way differ- fact that they are not community affairs, but are ent from ancient Shinto? groups with voluntary individual membership. lIn its primary form, Shinto, like the ancient pa- Modern Shinto ganism of Greece and Rome, is a community in- terest. The temple is the village temple, main- One can point out certain effects of these mod- tained at village expense, and everybody belongs ern influences, partly in the outward manifesta- to it, merely by virtue of the fact that one resides tions of this ancient paganism, partly in its inner in the village. There is no group of which the life. Outwardly, one of the first results of Japan's individual is a member on account of his own faith contact with the Western world was the abolition or by his own choice. With the new forms of of all public phallic worship, that is, the worship Shinto, however, the case is different. They have of the sex organs. In the past, this logical develop- their membership lists, and a person may join, or ment of nature worship has been almost universal refuse to join, or withdraw after he has joined; in aH pagan countries. Japan was no exception, and therefore his membership is an expression of and when the missionaries began their work in his personal faith in certain doctrines. that country, this worship was carried on openly, in very indecent forms. It was abolished by the There are thirteen sects, or "churches" of this Government out of regard for the feeling of de- kind officially recognized and licensed as Shinto cency of the world at large; and is not now known sects, and their total membership foots up to the in Japan except in some out-of-the-way country impressive total of more than seventeen millions. places where it may still be found if sought for. Beside this, there are others, like Oh Moto Kyo, that carryon a vigorous propaganda, without Statistics of shrines seem to indicate another having, as yet, been officially licensed. The smallnoteworthy change. There are in Japan Shinto est sect, "Misogi Kyo,"-the Religion of Lustrashrines maintained at the expense of the nation tion, is credited with 307,000 members, and the or of provincial governments, for religio-political largest, "Tenri Kyo,"-the Religion of the Heavpurposes, of which we shall speak presently; many enly Reason, with nearly four millions. Brief others are maintained by the people voluntarily as notes on some of these new religions will give the the spontaneous expression of their religious feel- reader an idea of this modern development of ings. These latter are called "village and un- Shinto. graded shrines." From the official figures given in the "Japanese Year Book" for 1924, we learn TENRI Kyo is the most prominent. Besides its that there were at that time 111,181 such shrines, work in Japan, it carries on missionary work and from the same annual statistical publication abroad, having, at least some years ago, a mission for 1934, that there are now only 107,134, a de- station in London. It issues some literature in the crease in ten years of 4,149, or 415 a year. The English language, the latest publication of this proportional decrease is considerably greater, kind being a fine volume of 319 pages, in which since the population of Japan grows at the rate may be found-all that the authorities of the sect of more than half a million each year. It is clear wish the English reading public to know about that something is happening. Either the people their history and doctrines. The new religion are losing faith in their gods, or their faith is find- originated with a very devout woman, Mrs. Miki ing expression in other ways, or both. Nakayama, who was born April 18, 1798, and died on January 26, 1887. In the year 1838 she Probably both causes are responsible for this began to have certain experiences that caused her change. There is a weakening of faith in the

PRESENT-DAY SHINTO IN JAPAN

to think that ten gods, expressed by name, had of Japan, they say, are the model upon which the taken up their abode in her and wished to speak rest of the world was molded, and the superiority through her. These ten divinities are called col- of the Japanese, they teach, is seen in many ways, lectively, The God of the Heavenly Reason, and the but particularly in their hair, which is an instruclaim is even put forward that Tenrikyo is a mono- ment of divine inspiration. Hence devout Oh theistic faith. After the death of Mrs. Nakayama, Moto Kyo believers wear their hair long, for the divine revelations continued through her youngest longer the hair the better the divine influence can daughter, and a follower named Iburi, but these penetrate. It is the supreme misison, they say, had to do mostly with the organization and man- of the Japanese nation to govern the entire world, agement of the church. They ceased altogether bringing all nations into sUbjection to the Emin 1907. peror, who alone is a legitimate ruler, the vice- gerent of heaven upon earth. This sect has offices As now taught, Tenri Kyo is distinctly an eclec- in Paris, and even in Sao Paulo, Brazil. tic religion. Its theology is Shinto. The "eight million gods" are not denied, but practically wor- These two are given as samples of the new forms ship is confined to the ten that took up their abode which ancient Shinto is taking. There are many in the prophetess. Its ethics and its conception of more. All of them make much use of faith healing, the moral state of man, are from Confucius. Its and can produce as many and as striking instances view of the state after death is taken from Bud- of such healing as Christian Science in our own dhism, but with an important modification. Tenri country. Thus the decline in the number of "vil- Kyo accepts transmigration, but not into lower lage and ungraded shrines" is partly counterbalforms of insect or animal life. The soul is re- anced by the growth of these "churches." born, but always in another human body. In its emphasis on faith and love, its organization, and The most important influence in this field is, in much of its popular preaching, it is so nearly no doubt, the attitude of the government. The Christian that many Tenri Kyo exhortations can statesmen of Japan, fearing the disintegrating scarcely be distinguished from Christian sermons. effects of modern civilization, and eager at all Thus the various elements in Tenri Kyo are seen costs to rally the people around the Imperial to be simply those elements from other systems throne, found in Shinto an instrument ready to that have come to be the common intellectual and their hands. With more emphasis than had ever moral property of the common people of Japan. been known in Japan before, they taught the di- They are items of religious faith and feeling that vine nature of the Emperor and the divine basis pass as current coin, and no one asks where they of his authority. They did this so strongly, and were minted. It is not difficult for the ordi- with so little regard for the facts of history, that nary Japanese to become a Tenri Kyo believer. Its Prof. Basil Hall Chamberlin, an outstanding audoctrines are what he has always believed, and thority on all things Japanese, charges them with what seems to him reasonable. Of course it is the invention of a new religion. It is not really nationalistic, intensely so, as the following quo- new in content, but it is in emphasis. tation from one of the Tenri Kyo magazines will illustrate: This new form of Shinto is designated "Em- peror Worship." It has no separate shrines or Japan is the parent nation of the world. It is the source ceremonies, but attaches itself to the established whence the salvation of all nations proceeds. He who is Shinto worship. In many respects it closely rehostile to this nation opposes the will of God. (From the sembles the emperor worship of ancient Rome. "Michi no Torno," Sept., 1914.) As there, so in Japan, the basis is found in ancient faith and feeling, modified for political purposes. This fanatical nationalism finds perhaps its ex- Japan is a modern nation in most respects, but treme expression in OH MOTO Kyo-The Religion not so in religion. So far from belonging reliof the Great Origin-the origin, that is, of the giously to the 20th century, she is not even medire- Japanese Empire and people. This is definitely val. There is no parallel to her religious state an attempt to carry the faith of the people back closer than the state of Rome in the first three cento the ancient gods. It began with the incoherent turies of the Christian era. Dr. Robert E. Speer babblings and scribblings of an ignorant, and per- is reported to have said: "Think of Japan in terms haps demented woman who thought herself in- of ancient Rome." That is a correct summary of spired by one of the gods, and it has grown into her religious condition. a very considerable sect, claiming a million adherents.. In religious and moral content it is The rulers of Japan, in promoting Emperor perhaps the pObrest of all the modern varieties Worship, are not so much interested in religion as of Shinto, but it has certain very attractive mag- in finding a firm basis for the Imperial authority. ical or mesmeric practices. It claims for Japan If it were not for that necessity, they would cheerthe headship of the entire world. Even the islands fully dispense with Shinto, in which they probably believe as little as other intelligent men; but since

faith in the divine nature and descent of His Im- popular. The Christians, of course, object, and so perial Majesty cannot be divorced from faith in do the more earnest Buddhists. Collisions bethe Sun Goddess and all the rest of the ancient tween such dissenters and the government policy mythology, therefore that mythology is taught in occur from time to time, and of late with growing all the public schools as veritable history. There- frequency, chiefly in connection with the requirefore, also, it is required of school teachers to take ments imposed upon the teachers and students of their pupils, from time to time, to the local shrines, public schools. Not many months ago the teachers to do obeisance to the local gods. and students of the Ogaki city school went on an excursion to Ise, to worship at the shrine of the Such instructions to teachers encounter an ob- Sun Goddess. Three of the girls, being Chrisstacle in Article XXVIII of the Constitution of tians, refused to join in this worship. They were Japan, which guarantees freedom of religious expelled and fourteen or more Christian churches faith. To get over this difficulty, the Government in the province were closed by government order. makes a distinction between two kinds of Shinto, called respectively State Shinto and Religious The Roman Catholic Church, of course, stands Shinto. In the latter are included all the various out firmly against any compromise in this matter; new sects already alluded to. Profession of such and on the whole the Protestant leaders are no faith is absolutely a matter for private choice. less inflexible, although there are some among In the former term are included the chief shrines them who are inclined to yield. It is almost preof the ancient faith, and these are officially de- cisely the same conflict as that between the early clared not to be places of religious worship, but church and the Roman emperor worship. If conplaces for the commemoration and honoring of ditions were now as in ancient times, there is no national heroes and of the Imperial Family. At- doubt that the scaffold and the stake would again tendance and worship at such shrines is the duty be appealed to to settle the controversy; but presof every Japanese subject, no matter what his ent-day Japan is too sensitive to international religious beliefs may be. Meanwhile, however, public opinion to employ so crude a method. the old priests remain, and the same old rites are performed, the same prayers are said. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that the Govern- ment policy is meeting with a large measure of In any other country, the attempt of the Gov- success. The decline of Shinto, evident in the disernment to declare that to be irreligious which in appearance of many of the smaller shrines, is the faith and practice of the people has always measurably checked, and the progress of the Chrisbeen the heart of their religion, would be amusing, tian faith is retarded. The larger shrines, estabbut it is not so in Japan. Most people take it seri- lished and maintained at government expense, are ously or pretend to do so, and comply without hesi- becoming more and more popular; and the day tation. Hence, although the smaller shrines are seems to have been indefinitely postponed when decreasing in number and in the number of their the last pagan empire shall cease to be pagan. worshippers, the new shrines are increasingly A PIONEER CHINESE WOMAN DOCTOR By M. P . WALKER, Shanghai, China American Episcopal Church Mission, China AH MEl WONG was one of the few Chinese women doctors in China. She was the daugh- l'".. ter of the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, the first Chinese clergyman of the Episcopal Church in China and the younger sister of Soo Ngoo Wong (afterwards Mrs. F. L. Hawks Pott). After attending St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai, Dr. Wong trained as a nurse in the Memo- rial Hospital at Wuchang, and in St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai. Wishing to become a doctor, ….1&he went to Canada and studied medicine in Toronto, where she was the first Chinese woman ';i"!medical student at the University. .

When she returned to China she set up a private practice in Shanghai, showing most unu- sual skill and general ability. She was highly respected by Chinese and foreigners alike and all her life was a devoted member of the Church. She continued her regular medical prac- tice until a few days before her death on May 7, 1933, at the age of sixty-five.

She bequeathed to the St. Elizabeth's Hospital over $190,000, Chinese currency, to found the Ah Mei Wong Endowment Fund, the income to be used by the hospital for maternity work.

Present Value of Medical

By NATHANIEL BERCOVITZ, M.D.

American Mission Hospital, Hoi How, Hainan, China A QUARTER of a century ago medical mis- of its value. There have also been great advances sionary work was looked upon as of special in medical science, especially in tropical medicine. value in opening doors, making friendly The bulk of medical missionary work has been contacts, and giving an opportunity for the presen- done in tropical or subtropical countries, and it tation of the Gospel. There are innumerable in- has been possible to bring about a better general stances where entrance, hitherto impossible, was state of health because of better methods of treatmade possible by medical work; where friendships ment. of great value to the whole missionary cause were made by doctors, and where vigorous churches Medical education has been carried forward in grew up as a result of faithful preaching in hos- lands where medical missionary work has been pitals and dispensaries. done and has resulted in the training of native men and women in modern medicine and surgery, The need for medical missions has been recog- with the result that interest in modern medicine nized. Throughout the world, and especially in tropical and subtropical countries, there was a vast amount of illness, formerly untouched by modern medical science. Many of the medical and surgical ailments encountered were imperfectly understood by medical science of that time, for some of the greatest strides in tropical medicine, in public health work, and in sanitation and control of epidemics have been made within the past twenty-five years.

Conditions in mission fields were appallingepidemics ran unchecked; infant mortality was the rule rather than the exception; fetichism and quackery, born of ignorance and based upon superstition, were all that the people had in the way of medical care. Existing conditions made a powerful appeal to doctors in America and Europe, and many consecrated noble men and women went to needy places, and established medical work in has become widespread. Some native practitioners response to the calls for help. may have been coolies in the mission hospital; some may have been amahs in a maternity ward; They went to alleviate suffering in places where but on the other hand, many have been trained in no other trained medical help was available; the best medical schools in their own country, or where disease, superstition, and the grossest hea- in Europe and America. In any case, what they then practices prevailed; and at the same time had to offer at the worst was better than the suthe love and power of Jesus Christ was preached perstition and quackery existing before they came. to transform lives, to make. for better living, and The qualified native doctors have done good work to do away with the unspeakable conditions under among their own people. In most cases financial which the people lived. gain has been their object, but even so, much good has been done, especially in an educational way. During the past twenty-five years there have .others have practiced medicine from altruistic been many changes in regards to medical work, motives. Not all of the native doctors, qualified especially in countries where conditions were the or unqualified, have been Christians, but it is safe worst. The work of pioneer medical missionaries to say that nearly all have come in contact with has borne fruit-much of the fear of modern Christian hospitals. In many countries, where scientific medicine has been broken down, and the medical missionary was the first to introduce people are now ready to accept medical and surgical treatment because they have been convinced [561 ]

modern medical science, the governments have druggists, and treatments by hospital doctors. In undertaken medical and public health work on a general these druggists have helped to stimulate large scale. interest in modern medicine and have helped to It is evident that the problem of medical mis- break down the earlier barriers.

sions as regards the scope and field has changed, A new problem is being faced now in the fact and that a new evaluation of the whole subject that several assistants have accepted positions as should be made. doctors in the Chinese army-with much higher While medical conditions throughout the world, pay than what the mission hospital can afford.

especially in countries where medical mission- For many years Dr. McCandliss worked hard to aries did their pioneer work, have generally build up the maternity work of the hospital. The changed along certain lines, there are still many Chinese in Hainan have been particularly quick places where the medical missionary today is as to realize the benefits of this work, and all over much needed and his work is much the same as Hainan there have sprung up maternity hospitals it was fifty years ago. For such places no new run by young women who have had some training evaluation need be made, except, in anticipation, as midwives in Canton. These midwives are al- as conditions are likely to change. Even in these leviating suffering and what help they give is places, although working under pioneer conditions, better than what the people had previously.

the doctors should be equipped with the knowledge The question is whether the hospital has lost an of modern medical and surgical methods, and opportunity as a missionary agency in not getting must expect to work under better conditions. into the field early, establishing such centers as But where health conditions are different from part of the hospital work, manned by midwives those of twenty-five years ago, new problems arise trained under our supervision, and sent out to do because of these changed conditions. These prob- this work in connection with the other activities lems are concerned with administration, relation of the mission. One maternity center and branch to local hospitals and practitioners, and to the of the hospital has been established in a town 44 local governments. Each missionary hospital must miles west of Hoi How, and is developing this face its particular problem. In view of the chang- work in a very needy and superstitious center.

ing relations between the local churches and gen- Another center was opened in a town 47 miles eral missionary work, the relation of the native south of Hoi How by a group of Christian women church ·to the missionary hospital must be con- as a project. Both centers are doing fairly well, sidered. The present financial situation, with con- and are helping in the study of rural medical mis- sequent limitation of many missionary activities, sionary work.

must also be studied. A former assistant in our hospital at Kachek The medical work in Hainan, China, was begun completed his studies as a doctor, and after three forty-nine years ago by Dr. H. M. McCandliss, years graduate work at the Peiping Union Medical who was superintendent until 1926, and was en- College returned to Hainan to establish a hospital tirely pioneer in its nature at the beginning. of his own in Hoi How. He enlisted the support Through years of assiduous labor he succeeded in of many wealthy Hainanese, and succeeded in building up a remarkable medical work and now erecting a three-story building, fully equipped. there is a well equipped group of buildings, with This hospital is about 300 yards away from our a trained staff of assistants, a training school for hospital and has been fairly successful.

nurses, and seven doctors. During 1933, the new If the Chinese can build, equip, and run a hos- inpatients registered in the hospital numbered pital as well as Dr. Chu's hospital, what is the 2,859, of which 739 were maternity cases and 580 need for the American Presbyterian Hospital in were surgical operations. The patients come Hainan, even though we are crowded with pa- chiefly from the northeastern section of Hainan. tients?

With the growth of the hospital many problems To date the government has not taken over pub- have been encountered. Assistants, trained by lic health work which is still a great untouched Dr. McCandliss, left the hospital and set up for field in Hainan. The American Presbyterian Hos- themselves, on the growing reputation of the 1;1os- pital is well known, and the people usually friend- pital, and their connection with it. At first those ly. How far should this hospital undertake public men attempted everything, although their train- health work? – The problems are extremely prac- ing did not qualify them for such operations as tical. What is the value, need and purpose of cataract, or dissection of the glands of the neck. medical missionary work under changing condi- Later, except for treatment of such diseases as tions? Has medical missionary work served its malaria and dysentery, these men gradually limit- purpose and is its work finished?

ed themselves to the sale of medicine. Gradually It is the opinion of the writer that the ultimate the people learned to differentiate between these purpose of medical missionary work is active ex-

1934J THE PRESENT VALUE OF MEDICAL MISSIONS

tension of Christianity through medical work. other lines as well as strengthening existing mis- This includes the pioneer type of work, as well as sion hospitals to reach the largest possible number every other type of medical missionary work. of people, in the hospital, in the rural dispensary, Without this purpose the field might as well be and by various projects. left to other medical agencies serving only humanitarian and scientific purposes. But the time Christian missions mean the proclamation of should never come when a mission hospital can the direct Gospel message; but the work includes cease to be an active evangelizing agency, as well living the Christian life in every phase and relaas a medical center. tionship, every good deed which is the fruit of the Spirit. Christian propaganda is the living witness One particular case in our work in 1932 was of Christ within men; a powerful demonstration worth the work of the whole year. A man came to all who come in contact with the work that to the hospital with a surgical condition and was there is something in Christ and in Christianity cured. The evangelist sat with him, and when the which is unique and is worth while having. patient left gave him some tracts and a Bible. Some months later the pastor of the Hoi How In all of the rooms of the Hoi How Hospital are church visited the region where this patient lived, placed Bibles and Bible texts are printed on the and was invited to visit the patient's village. The walls. It is not unusual for an educated patient pastor was amazed to find a group of ninety-four people asking for examination for baptism in a to read through the Bible while in the hospital and village where no evangelist had ever gone, and many ask for copies on leaving. One man, whose where the only work had been done through tIiis wife had a very serious surgical operation, said one patient in the hospital. The pastor felt that that one night when her condition was the lowest sixty-one of these candidates were ready to be he never took his eyes off the text on the wallbaptized. Since that time many have had to en- "God is our refuge and strength, a very present dure persecution, but a recent visit brought the help in time of trouble." word that the group was standing firm, a strong Christian nucleus in their village. It is advisable for hospitals to have the as- sistance of an advisory board, on which church It does not mean that because of this ultimate leaders have a prominent part. The church can purpose of medical missionary work that there be invited to assist in the evangelistic work in the should be any but the highest standards for the hospital, and follow up the work with patients who medical and surgical work. On the contrary, if have been in the hospital. Public health work, the mission hospital is to be most effective in rural health centers, clinics, and district maternity achieving its evangelistic purpose it must be out- hospitals, can all be conducted in cooperation with standing as a place of healing. Missionary hos- the church. pitals should be developed to the highest degree of efficiency in staff, nursing, buildings, and equip- As long as we adhere to the main purpose of ment, to do the highest grade of medical work. medical missions, Christian propaganda through With this purpose in view and under these condi- medical work, there is increasing opportunity for tions we believe that missionary hospitals should this form of missionary service. It should reseek enlargement and an increase in the numbers ceive unqualified support; its future should be of patients. They deserve the support of their planned along broad lines; it should be regarded constituencies in the homeland, and of the church as a major missionary activity; its opportunities on the field. should be fully grasped and used. We believe that the blessing of God which has been poured out so It has been argued that as the national medical richly in the past will be given in even greater agencies make progress medical missionary work measure, so long as this form of missionary acwill become less important. If the missionary hos- tivity is kept right in purpose, and in operation. pitals are to do merely humanitarian and scientific work then it might be reasonable to say that their work will become less important but since the great purpose of medical missions is to advance the cause of Christ, the mission hospital holds a unique mission. For this reason its work has not been completed. It will continue to be needed, no matter how much medical work is done by local agencies.

There should be continued activity i:q medical missions-extension of health work in rural districts, maternity work,caring for the poor, and

A Pioneer Journey in

Excerpts from a Letter from Mr. Raymond Joyce, Edsingol, Minghsia Province, to Dr. R. H. Glover, China Inland Mission O N THE edge of the Edsingol Delta, (North- pleasant. Slower going and perhaps more digging west China), with over half our journey would make it better. Cars with a lower center of to Tihwa behind us, we are faced with gravity would find it much less risky than we seeming impossibilities before we can continue. thought it to be.

There are four or more rivers to be crossed and The next part of the journey was mostly they are very full. through country made lumpy by tall grasses grow- It has taken us twelve traveling days to reach ing in clumps. This is the main feature of the here from Kalgan, seventeen days altogether. We route as far as Rain Unter. The river beds pre- rested two Sundays and spent three other days in vious to Rain Unter may give trouble, but are all repairing one of the cars. One of the little springs right if you keep going. The surface is gravelly in the universal joint either came out or, more sand but underneath is sticky red clay. We got probably, had never been put ~n. The whole back stuck before leaving the last river bed before Bain axle had to come off. Apart from this, however, Unter and took five hours to get out! One car we have had no serious mechanical trouble. Apart stopped in changing gear and the other car, fairly from the above delay we have had no undue hind- close behind, slowed up and both stuck and rance. Once we got stuck in a river bed of loose wouldn't start again but sank in. We made a sand with clay underneath and it took us five hours trench from the rear wheels towards the front of digging and "road-making" to get out. On a wheels gradually getting shallower. This was few other occasions it took an hour or two to get laid with stones and brushwood and one car was going again. However, considering the country, rushed out and up the bank. The other car was we have come through very smoothly. Not a few jacked up at the rear, a big pit dug under each cars have found it impossible and most of them back wheel and a firm stone bed made under the have taken longer than we so that there is much wheels. The first car then helped to pull this one to thank the Lord for. Rain on the stretch from out.

Kalgan to Sunit Wang would have meant mud, From Bain Unter onwards is desert and in but we had good weather. The same applies to the main the surface is firm, being gravelly, and the road after Uni Ussu. The sandier part of the flat. The chief trouble is soft patches of ground, journey, between Siao Ch'uan Tsi and Muringol, and hard low-gear work. The water question was fairly good owing to the sand being damp- gives no trouble. We passed water every day, ened by rain just before we arrived. In many though we did carry two drums or more from ways we know that the Lord has undertaken Bain Unter onwards.

for us. The journey from Yagan onwards is really good We had no trouble in getting away from Kalgan going and much of it is down hill after passing -no customs examinations or charges. This was through the hills.

chiefly because we were missionaries. Mr. Soder- The trip has been a somewhat strenuous journey bom was a great help, and Mr. and Mrs. Williams, but enjoyable-the daily round being:-break- were very helpful. Hattin Sumu was a very in- fast, packing, traveling, unpacking, supper, bed.

teresting little place. The missionaries were on We stopped for an hour at mid-day for light lunch.

furlough but the Mongol pastor entertained us As for food we have done very well. We have seen there and children sang hymns to us in Mongol! some wonderful sunsets and beautiful country, The journey as far as Yang Ch'ang Tsi Goh is though desert. The tent has proved waterproof, very interesting. You see lovely droves of horses and we have been glad of sleeping bags. Some careering over the steppe; you pass camel cara- nights have been quite cold but we've had no really vans and gaily dressed Mongols, Lamas and mer- cold weather yet.

chants, all were very friendly, interested and In EdsingoI we found Dr. Horner of the Sino- happy (outwardly at least). Beili Miao was busy Swedish Expedition. He entertained us royally, when we pased through as the Panchan Lama seeking to help and advise us in every way. He was there and many pilgrims had come to see has loaned us a large yurt (Mongolian circular him. felt tent). So we are very comfortable and are Yang Ch'ang Tsi GQh was our first rough ex- waiting for Cerat to return from his inquiries perience. It is not really unsafe but quite un- regarding a guide to take us to Hami.

[564 ]

Evangelization of the World in

Generation By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, Ph.D. New Haven, Conn.

Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University WHAT has happened to the motto, "The ever, as many of us remember, was meant giving Evangelization of the World in this Gene- to all those now living an opportunity to hear the ration"? Many who are still in their late Gospel with a sufficient knowledge of it intelligentyouth can recall when much was made of it. As ly to accept or reject it.

the official watchword it was blazoned in huge Another factor has been the reaction from the letters across the platforms of the Quadrennial "extensive" to the "intensive" policy in missions.

Conventions of the Student Volunteer Movement. To many, "The Evangelization of the World in Its realization was one of the chief objectives of this Generation" has meant the establishment of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Many pro- a large number of mission stations, most of them claimed it as an attainable goal. It had a marked understaffed, a superficial, broadcast method of influence in shaping missionary policies and pro- proclaiming the Gospel message, either by the grams. written or the spoken word, and the neglect of a Yet in late years we have heard less and less careful tending of the communities of those re- of it, and that little is often accompanied by a cently become Christian. The "extensive" policy half apology or thinly veiled cynicism. Officially has often meant absence of careful supervision, it remains the watchword of the Student Volun- lack of emphasis on trained leadership and of teer Movement, but no publicity is given it. Many growth in the Christian life. Laying the founda- of the younger generation of Christians, even tions for a strong continuing Christian commu- those committed to the missionary enterprise, nity, capable of taking its share in spreading and have scarcely heard of it. Certainly it forms no making effective the Gospel message, was sacri- part of their thinking. No longer is much said by ficed to reaching quickly as large a district and most of our major boards of the "unoccupied as many people as possible. From this policy, :flelds"-those regions still vast where the Gosp~l with its disastrously superficial results and its must be carried if all men are to have the privi- waste of missionary life and money, a reaction legp. of hearing it. Here and there are movements, was to be expected and has been in progress for some of them engaging the interest of large num- some years. bers of Christians, who hold to the motto and seek Still another possible factor is more serious, for to meet the challenge which it embodies. For it may indicate that, for the time being at least, most supporters of Protestant missions, however, great sections of the missionary enterprise are it no longer has an appeal and it would be a hardy slowing down and losing the sense of urgency.

mission board which would place it in the fore- Back of the watchword was the passionate confront of its publicity. For the time being at least, viction of the need of all men for the Gospel of "The Evangelization of the World in this Genera- Christ and of the infinite tragedy of the untold tion" seems to have been relegated to the archives millions who die without ever having heard it.

of half-forgotten slogans. In many of our church circles this sense of need The muffling of this watch cry of other years has weakened. As a partial substitute for it has is no accident. The causes are many and the come the conviction that missions have an impor- change may prove to be an indication of a funda- tant function in rural and village reconstruction, mental revolution in missions. One factor is to in meeting evils in industry, in relieving famine, be found in a widespread misapprehension. By in establishing better racial relations or an im- many "The Evangelization of the World in this proved international order. As a rull, these ob- Generation" was believed to be equivalent to "The jectives do not call forth such devotion and sacri- Christianization of the World in this:Generation." flce as does the conviction of the eternal loss suf- Under such an interpretation the watchword fered by those who sink into Christless graves.

would, of course, have been fantastic. By it, how- Many have acquired an easygoing tolerance of [ 565]

other faiths and to large numbers the threat of tinues, in some regions at an accelerated pace. "secularism," which has been substituted for non- Those peoples who, like the Japanese, have suc- Christian faiths as the major enemy, does not cessfully revolted against the control of the West seem sufficiently grave to warrant heroic meas- have achieved their political and economic autonures. On top of all these elements in the situation omy only by sacrificing their cultural independcame the World War, with its subsequent disloca- ence and adopting much of Western civilization. tions, and now has followed the financial depres- This continued disintegration of the older cultures sipn with its staggering blows to Board incomes. means that the traditional forms of resistance to the Christian message are continuing to weaken. As result of these many factors, the missionary The place of the foreign missionary is most cerenterprise is tending to dig in rather than to ex- tainly being altered, but, if new methods are pand, and even to retrench. To be sure, this is formulated and the younger churches can be put not all loss. It is leading to the placing of more in the forefront of leadership, the door of opporresponsibility on the younger churches which have tunity was never so widely open to the Christian arisen out of the missions of the past century and message. a half. It is accompanied by a more critical appraisal of methods and results than we have yet The factors which have been responsible for the had. neglect of "the evangelization of the world in this generation" must not be permitted to obscure the The Expanding Program continuation of the obligation embodied in that slogan. We must revive it, if not in these exact However, we need to recognize the significance words, then in others which will convey the same of the change. From the time of William Carey meaning and sense of urgency. We must, indeed, the Protestant missionary enterprise has had a not only revive it but greatly add to it. It reconstantly expanding program. We have believed mains eternally true that if the Christian message that, no matter how dark the immediate present "is not true for all, it is not true at all." So long might be, the future was "as bright as the prom- as we remain convinced Christians we must seek ises of God." We have had the conviction that we to share the Gospel with all mankind. If the faith must be ever entering new fields, opening new we profess is not the wellspring of our lives, then missions, founding new stations. In this we we had best either discard it or ask whether we shared the spirit of our age and civilization. The are missing what it may hold in store for us. If missionary enterprise has been intimately con- God in Christ is the source of life we must en- nected with that expansion of European peoples deavor to make others aware of Him. If the Gosand cultures which has been such an outstanding pel is true it remains the obligation of each genfeature of the past four and a half centuries. eration of Christians, as it has since the very be- That expansion of Europe, however, is ceasing, ginning, to try to give that message to all their at least in its economic and political aspects. The contemporaries. If we Christians ever lose sight tide has, indeed, begun to recede. In the Far East of that objective, if we narrow the horizons of European supremacy is being effectively chal- our planning to anything less than the entire hu- lenged by the Japanese, and only somewhat less man race, then we are both recreant to our trust effectively by the Chinese and Filipinos. In and are tacitly admitting our lack of conviction as India Western political domination is passing. Of to the importance of the Gospel for ourselves. the major sections of the world, only in Negro Africa is the frontier of European dominion un- What ,the Watchword Means shaken and unthreatened. We now see that this recession of the wave of European conquest has This does not mean that we must abandon the about it an air of inevitability. Western peoples "intensive" and adopt once more the "extensive" could not permanently hold the remainder of the policy of a superficial broadcast preaching of the . world in subjection. Other peoples were certain Word and many small understaffed Christian sooner or later to acquire the machines and the centers. Nor does it mean that we must close our political and economic organization by which they eyes to what being Christian involves in trying to had been subdued. Christian missions, however, make the Gospel effective in the social, economic, inescapably feel the results of this decay of Euro- international, and interracial relations of life. We pean domination. The efforts we are making to must bear in w.ind future, unborn generations as transfer to "nationals" the control of the churches well as our own, and for their sakes we must do we have founded are merely one evidence of that all that we can to see that strong, intelligent Chris- associatiOIf. tian communities are developed in every land to carryon, in ever-growing power and with decreas- We must not too lightly assume, however, that ing foreign assistance, the Christian task. We the passing of Western political and economic must, too, if we really strive to love our neighbors, control means the end of Christian opportunity. The disintegration of non-European cultures con-

THE EVANGELIZATION OF THE WORLD IN THIS GENERATION

seek in every way possible to help them realize ested. The writer recently gave to the Student that fullness of life, free from debasing economic Volunteer Movement a copy of the pledge which conditions and soul-destroying enmities, which we reads: desire for ourselves as .we pursue it, the implications of our Christian calling become ever more We hold ourselves willing and desirous to do the Lord's complex and far-reaching. work wherever He may call us, even if it be in a foreign land.

It does mean, however, that we must never al- Under this pledge are the names of thirty-four low present discouragements or apathy to narrow girls. Grace Wilder, our gifted and consecrated our horizons. We must continue to plan with the leader, served in India; Elizabeth Post, at Graaf whole world in view. We must not be content to RO.eiPnreets,tSoonu, t1h88A2f-r8i9c;a;anadlsoAninnaSoCu. tCh uAmfmricinag, sM, 'a8r3y, see Christians acknowledge, even tacitly, that any who was Vice-Principal and Principal of Huguehuman being exists who does not need the Chris- not Seminary, Wellington, South Africa, where tian Gospel or who does not possess an inalien- her service was lifelong; Mattie Pixley, '86, who able right to hear it. Nor must we ever be will- joined her parents in East Africa; Carrie Koering supinely to consent to compromises with a ner, '85, later Mrs. Lyman P. Peet, of Foochow, pagan faith or manner of life. We cannot com- China for twenty-eight years; Mary Hall, '83, pletely withdraw from the world. In practice, taught at Constantinople College; Helen Flint therefore, we are often less than Christian in the also taught in Constantinople College; Emily Bismany institutions and contacts in which our com- sell, '83, gave forty-four years to India; Marie plex civilization binds us. To be content with Oldham's field was Poona, India. While Ellen being less than Christian, however, is to deny the Peet's name is not here, she was a member, who, faith. We must continue to be awake to the eter- as Mrs. George H. Hubbard, gave her life to China nal tension between our Christian principles and and was buried there after forty years of service. the less than Christian society in which we are More than thirty years of the writer's life were inextricably enmeshed. We must never be satis- spent in work for girls in the Near East, under fied until that tension is removed by that society becoming fully Christian. While we may not see the American Board. the evangelization of the world a reality in our Not all were called to foreign lands; some were generation, we cannot, if we are Christian, be content with planning for any lesser goal. Let us, called Up Higher to special service; others, to then, once more revive the slogan of other years, and add to it. service in the homeland. It would be impossible to count the years of foreign work or of useful labor in the homeland The Story of the Mount Holyoke Mis, which were given by the members of this M. H. sionary Association, 1878,1884 M. A. Not all names have been mentioned, but these will suffice to prove that the M. H. M. A. By MARY L. MATTHEWS, has a right to be called the predecessor of the Student Volunteer Movement. It is the under- Recently a Missionary of the American Board in Macedonia standing of the writer that Grace Wilder told her brother Robert to go to the Conference at Mount NEARLY half a. century has passed since the Hermon and organize the S. V. M. and she would founding of the Student Volunteer Move- be praying for him at home in Princeton, N. J. ment at a Conference at Mount Hermon, What her life has meant to the world in foreign Massachusetts. Dr. Robert Wilder and Rev. John missionary work and in turning others in that di- Foreman will always be honored for their con- rection, no human being can estimate. nection with the Movement from its beginning. Many missionaries went out from Mount Holy- Probably less than a score of persons now liv- oke Seminary in the years before the M. H. M. A. ing know that there was a forerunner of the S. was formed, but that organization gave an added V. M., dating from 1878 to 1884, at Mt. Holyoke impetus to the cause. A tablet on the wall of the Seminary. It was called the M. H. M. A., mean- College Library lists the missionaries who were ing the Mt. Holyoke Missionary Association. Here pupils in the first fifty classes of the school, and a band of girls formed what was probably the the writer counts it a high honor to be named on only secret society in the Seminary. that tablet. The names of foreign missionaries from the institution in its second fifty years are M. H. M. A. meetings were held on Sunday inscribed in a beautiful parchment book. afternoons, once a month, and little notice was taken of the girls as they. passed quietly into the The Student Volunteer Movement has rendered room. Members were recruited by personal in- immeasurable service to the wide world in recruit- ing missionaries from many institutions of learn- vitation to those who seemed likely to be inter- ing.

Preach the Good

From the Baccalaureate Sermon Preached to the Graduating Class of the Near East School of Theology By JAMES HOWDEN NICOL, Beirut, Syria PREACH the Gospel-this is the whole com- mankind throughout the world, to their food and mission and the charter of the messenger of clothing, their transport by land and sea and air, God. The commission was delivered by Christ all are the legitimate field of trade. Of course himself. It has been passed down the centuries trade is legitimate and essential, but it is some- through a great succession. The Gospel-the times so sinister as to slink into the forests of "good news" of God's loving interest in all men, Africa and South America and the islands of the a loving interest exhibited in the earthlyexperi- sea, and pillage and rape and even murder in its ences, the death, the resurrection, the revealing own interest; it may make the people virtual words of Jesus the Christ. This is the content. slaves; and such are the distances in time and And what is the spirit! Someone has said, "the space between the deed and those who are ulti- ministry dare not be a profession at all, it is a mately responsible for it, that even Christian peo- passion." The great apostle said "Woe is me if I pIe may profit from it, blinding their eyes. And preach not the Gospel." This ,is the passion. those who thus exploit life, are the first to oppose Now the preacher goes forth to preach, and the approach of our servant of God with his pas- what does he find? If the world were eager for sion to witness about the worth of the soul of man preaching, the world would not need it. Its need -his passion to tell the Good News of God's lov- is in proportion to its reluctance. Therefore the ing interest, his passion to tell of the abundant minister's passion must be sufficient to carry him life for rich and poor alike.

past and through the world's opposition and We are commended for saving little children; through this reluctance to hear the Word of God. from starving, when we give them cleansing, food, The world seems to be clear for every sort of clothing and shelter, but many dispute our right preaching except the preaching of the G0spel. to share with them our knowledge of the Friend The passion of the servant of God to spread his of little children. I can give them much that is wares seems alone to provoke a strange opposi- good, but I am told not to give them of my best- tion. A bright salesman of a new variety of soap, my passion is taboo.

or of a new excellence in cosmetics, or of new As to the reasons for this strange prohibition models in radios, or new streamlined autos, which too often inhibits our passion to proclaim arouses no resentment and no opposition, unless the Word of God, we might mention two or three.

from competitors in the same line. Unfortunately There is always opposition from those whose, the same is true of the spread of less harmless selfish aims are frustrated by the presence and the wares. A company of men can sit down to plan preaching of the true servant of God. This has a great crusade, to create a great slogan and se- always been so. And it will be so, so long as sin- lect a goal, which may be to "put a cigarette into ful men can exploit weakness and ignorance and the mouth of every man, woman and child in poverty. It was so in Paul's day when the preach- China," and from the world there is little but ing of the apostle interfered with trade in amulets praise for the clever and effective extension of and idols. Demetrius the silversmith and indi- trade. But for a company of men to sit down and rectly Alexander the coppermith had cause to be counsel how they may put the word of a new and angry. And it will always be so. One of the things abundant life into these same Chinese raises a about Jesus that caused bitter opposition to Him storm of protest. Extracting oil from under the was that because of Him the poor had the Gospel feet of the inhabitants of Persia and Irak is an preached to them, and it opened to them the pos- enterprise to command the admiration of the sibilities of personality that made oppression less world. But any suggestion for a more aggressive easy. This makes it one of the functions of the effort to share with Persians and Irakians this Christian sometimes to preach as did the forerun- Gospel of Christ, is met with coldness and suspi- ner of Jesus, John the Baptist, to stir up these cion. Men do not hesitate to use the influence of nests of poisonous vipers and make them flee from politics and government to gain their commercial the wrath to come. Any preacher should know ends. From the oil and minerals under the feet of that life round about him, with all its seeming [568 ]i fairness and beauty, is full of these. There were sists in sharing, and there must be a way whereby preachers in the days of Amos who gave their we can freely give our best. attention to those who oppressed the poor. So today these oppressors must be warned to flee Sometime ago a very earnest Moslem leader from the certain wrath to come. With this John turned impulsively to me, clasped my hand the Baptist preaching there must be the preaching and said: "Oh, my brother, would that you had of hope to the penitent-but until he becomes the joy that comes from allegiance to our Great penitent he will like neither the preaching nor Prophet." He was living the life of sharing. He the preacher. Today, he and his kind, operators should be free to do it everywhere. So should you of unfair homes, and unfair shops and unfair and so should 1. That is what makes a happy factories-will tell the preacher to keep still, or world. "Freely ye have received, freely give." worse, will tell him to prattle sweet nothings to soothe the souls of the oppressed and make them 3. A third phase of our life today that leads forget their wrongs. Shall I allow this to silence to the same difficulty is the growth all over the my voice, or limit my speech, to make the Word world of the intense nationalistic spirit, connected of God of none effect? in many places with a growing strictness and with serious limitations on the preaching of the Gospel. Religion and Religions The spirit regards such preaching as subversive of social peace and a proper patriotism. 2. A second inhibition comes from the distinction between religion and religions; from the What then shall we do with our commission and seeming necessity of respecting all religions, even our passion to preach? Well, men of God have at the cost of losing opportunities to share our always refused to be silenced or limited. Our own with others. In these Near Eastern lands, business is to introduce Jesus Christ to the world where the three great monotheistic faiths meet, which needs what He has to give-with no trapthe problem becomes most difficult, further in- pings of ecclesiasticism, or undue insistence on tensified by the divisions within the religions creeds and forms, but only as the Saviour from themselves, especially among those called Chris- sin and the Lord of Life. The chances are that tian. Because of this, the minister with the pas- trade, religions, nations will find benefit rather sion for witnessing is inhibited at the very start than injury from a greater knowledge of Jesus, from freely sharing his faith. He himself feels but that is not for us to judge. Men struggling it is not quite Christian to discount another per- with sin and wrong need him, and that is enough. son's religion; he naturally hesitates to break up Our passion is to share with all our knowledge of home allegiances even if Jesus did say that such a great Friend whom not to know is to suffer revolutions in family life were sure to follow the grievous loss. Now in this work of introduction preaching of the Gospel. Here in the Near East let us clearly understand two things: his hesitancy is increased by the fact that political and personal rights are linked up with religious Introducing Jesus, the Saviour allegiance, so that what was meant to be a simple relationship between the soul and God, becomes 1. Be sure that it is Jesus the Saviour whom a most complex thing, with courts and judges, you are introducing. Inevitably there comes the legal forms, sanctions entering in. All this has temptation to present Him so that He shall be brought extreme sensitiveness, tending to dis- attractive and undisturbing to the world as it is. courage the frank sharing of one's faith with During the Great War we even had Jesus preothers. sented as preaching the necessity of armaments. The minister of Christ, seeing the world as it We hear constantly that religion must be left is with its notions of success, its personal rivalout of account while we concentrate on "good ries, its material pride, its exclusiveness of feeling" and brotherhood. Nor is this confined to race and wealth, its changing philosophies and the Near East. Everywhere in the world there pyschologies, each having its vogue for a dayare praiseworthy attempts to bring about a spirit this Christian witness ashamed at the "foolishness of understanding between the Christians and the of preaching" this other worldly Gospel, shrinks Jews but such attempts may be so conducted as to from the thought of introducing Jesus to this leave the Saviour practically outside the door of world. Oh, that He had been more practical, more a good fellowship meeting. Surely no Christian sensible, more successful; less in the clouds and should hesitate to cooperate with high-minded more on the earth. Oh, that He had kept still men of every faith, but not at the cost of losing about some things that make Him so unacceptable his message. We should not be satisfied with a to life as it is! Surely He didn't mean all He said! world like that, an unprogressive world that So the Christian witness says to himself: "I'll does not admit of the free sharing of good gifts leave out this and I'll put the soft pedal on that, and good news with each other. True living con- and I will make Him more like the pattern of life as it is. Thus too often a strange person is being introduced, made up of partial views of the Christ,

the Great Saviour of the world, and being partial, ality. In some way or other these qualities must an insult to God and a tragedy to needy man. I be made to appear in the life of the witness in wonder if to such a witness God's word may not some degree. The great words must be embodied well apply, "I would that thou wert cold or hot, in a consistent life. It must never be truly said of but since though art neither cold nor hot I will us that our lives are so loud with the noises of the spew thee out of my mouth." world, that the people can hear nothing of His words through us. Living letters are we. What It is the whole Gospel, the whole Person, the do the people read as we pass by? whole Word, with all its implications, that is to be preached. Christ is not to be made acceptable There was a nobleman on his way to visit a to sinful man, but sinful man, seeing Him in all friend in the country. A servant was sent to meet His beauty is to be made acceptable to Him. the guest at the station and asked, "How shall I know him?" "You will see a tall man helping 2. Moreover preaching is not confined to spok- somebody." en testimony. Many discount the value of sermons today, saying that Christian living is pref- Here then is the servant of God with his COlllerable by far, and the less preaching the better. mission which is also his passion. Let us go into There is no need of praising or discounting either the quiet places with our Lord and Master to get to the detriment of the other. And yet the preach- the strength that is needed to preach the Gospel er does realize that the Saviour whom he presents to a needy world-the Gospel which is the "good to the world cannot be'exhibited as a visible and news" of God's loving interest, expressed in the tangible person. We know nothing of His person- fullness of Jesus Christ.

WHY SUPPORT CHRISTIAN MISSIONS?

Because I am a Christian, a member of the Church, which is the Body of Christ. Our Lord established the Church on earth to evangelize the world. If I do not work towards the purpose for which the Body was made, I have no right to membership in it.

Because as a representative of Christ my love must embrace all nations, all types of men as His does; my sympathy must have bounds as wide as His.

Because in these days civilization is reaching to the outposts of the world and changing the lives of even the most primitive races. Civilization emanates primarily from the white races of which I am a member. It brings disease and death and an overturning of age-long beliefs, and can only be a blessing to the world in so far as its power is used in the name of Christ.

Because every nation has a special gift to bring to the Church of God, and until all have made their contribution, the Church can never reach the fulness of its life.

HOW SUPPORT MISSIONS?

1. Consider the call to personal service abroad. I have no right to send others unless I myself am ready to go, if God demands this of me.

2. Pray for missions. My prayer must be intelligent and regular. I must pray not only for the world, but for individual missionaries and their work, and my prayer must be offered in certain expectation of a definite answer.

3. Give to missions. Money is a sacrament, inasmuch as the use of it is the expression of those things we believe to be most worth having. I must compare my personal expenditure with my gifts to God. I must compare my own circumstances with the needs of others. I must compare the help, sympathy, and skill that I can claim with the loneliness and suffering of others.

4. Study and learn. There can be no real prayer without knowledge, for without knowledge of the ·magnitude and glory of the work there can be no intelligent desire for its progress; and prayer to be effective, must be the outcome of intense desire.

5. Interest others. Therefore, I will ask God to cast out from me the dumb devil of false pride and false reserve and try by my own enthusiasm and willing sacrifice to win others to help in evangelizing the world.-From the Presbyterian Mission House, 16 Falkner Street, Liverpool, England.

Second Coming of

Does the Premillennial View Cut the Nerve of Missions?

By REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey Author of "The Second Coming of Christ",' American Home . Director Emeritus of the China Inland Mission I T IS not the man who determines his objective; His heavenly state. He was, in consequence, an the objective determines the man. Objectives incomplete and unperfected man, but, as he saw are fixed; it is the man who changes. Hence, Christ exalted and enthroned, he fell at His feet as a man thinketh, so he is; and, we may add- as dead and immediately became God's mightiest since a man thinks as he sees-as a man seeth, so seer and prophet. These were transformations he is. Let a man see small and he is small; let by objective, Paul and John and many another him see large and he is large. Let him see near New Testament saint being utterly and forever and he lives near; let him see far and he lives far. altered in character and purpose by looking upon Let him see earth and he is earthy; let him see Him whom to see is life indeed.

heaven and he is heavenly. Objectives are forma- It was in expression of this principle of transtive in their influence, transforming the watcher formation by objective that God set before Israel for woe or weal. Objectives, therefore, are pro- in Old Testament times the promise of a coming ducers of character; of whatever sort it is. Cer- Messiah. From the garden of Eden, when the tain men of old discovered that certain other men seed of the woman was predicted, to the Bethlewere Christlike. Their explanation was that they hem manger, when that seed was brought into had been with Jesus and in seeing Him had be- life and light, God, by all the enticements that He come like Him. could devise, sought to make men look up and on God recognized this principle in Old Testament to the coming of Him who should be called Wontimes. It was not enough for Him to create Adam derful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everand Eve; in addition, He gave them an environ- lasting Father and The Prince of Peace. It was ment of "all things fair and beautiful." It was this objective which made Israel to differ from not enough to give them to see growing herbage the nations about her and enabled her to become of tender green and fruits and flowers; He gave a separated, holy and mighty nation. That statethem also the vision of the Lord Gop, who walked ment concerning Moses in Egypt, "He endured as with them in the cool of the evening of every seeing him who is invisible," is symptomatic, day. And thus, long later, He revealed Himself being the explanation of the miraculous fact that to Abraham, Moses, Isaiah and many others as Israel has never been assimilated or annihilated. the "Vision Beatific," the sight of whose person In spite of her blindness of heart, she has looked could lift the low to the high, the little to the for a King and a kingdom and so has been strong great, the self-centered to the ~.ltruistic. to endure.

It was this same principle of transformation by Now, it is to be noted that what God did for objective which was so powerfully operative in Israel, He has done for the Church. For He has New Testament times. Take, for instance, the set before His present people, a new and great man Saul, who became Paul: spiritually speak- objective that He may lure them by sight of the coming King and kingdom, to nO,ble purpose and ing, what a small-minded and small-souled man splendid action. He has been frank to tell them he was as he went on his way to Damascus. Of that hard tasks are required. But He has incited course, he thought he was large and great, with them to undertake and accomplish these by the letters in his saddle-bag from the influential San- very splendor of the ultimate in view. As to the hedrin and with the mighty purpose in his breast outcome, think of these statements of the apostle of haling men and women and committing them Paul: to prison. But God suddenly gave him to see himself as he was by showing him Jesus as He was, Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world? and from that moment Paul was transformed . ….. Know ye not that we shall judge angels? from the paltry. persecutor of Christians into the great apostle to the Gentiles. And think of that other statement made by the apostle John, Or take, f or m· stance, J 0 hn the apostIe wh0 had givIesnawunthtorotnheesman..d.t.h.e.yansdattuhpeoyn ltihveemd aanndd jurediggmneedntwwiaths seen Jesus on earth but had never seen Him in Christ a thousand years.

[571 ]

Such VISIOns of future power and glory are universal kingdom. That was premillennial teach- almost overwhelming! And yet God gives them ing and it then and there changed the whole cur- to us. Moreover and above all, He grants us to rent of my life, for I saw that riches, music, foresee the future, infinite exaltation of Christ as literature and other like things were desirable, King of kings and Lord of lords. And all this is but very secondary, and that the one great ob- to constrain us to gaze upon the glory that ex- jective in life was to prepare the way for the celleth in order that we may pass from glory unto coming of the King. The result was that I gave glory. Israel had a great vision set before her, a my life to missions, and to foreign missions, that babe, a man, a cross, an atoning death, a resurrec- I might do my small part in gathering out God's tion and an ascension. Powerful was the influence elect against the day of Christ's return. Since of this sight upon those who had eyes to see. But then I have become acquainted with hundreds of God has placed before us "the vision magnifical," great and good men in England, America and a coming, a throne, a crown, a scepter, a King, a other lands, who have gone through a somewhat kingdom; and he bids us visualize these things similar experience and have confessed that the that something of their luster and power may fall dedication of their lives to the cause of Christian upon us. missions, at home or abroad, was largely brought The writer of these lines believes in the pre- to pass by the acceptance of premillennial truth.

millennial second coming of Christ. But he would Indeed, I have reason to believe that literally thou- not say that the premillennialists are the only sands of men and women have gone forth into Christians who have an inspirational objective the darkest and hardest places of the earth, con- before them. The postmillennialist looks for the strained by the hope of hastening the coming of personal return of Christ and for a kingdom the Lord. Mr. Hudson Taylor once told me that which, through Gospel preaching, will be estab- the premillennial view was the inspiration of his lished on the earth. And the amillennialists look life and had been the chief incitement that had for a personal return of Christ and a kingdom taken him to China and had led him to form the which will be realized in heaven through the eter- China Inland Mission. Most of his followers have nal ages. By the token of sanctified lives, all the been like their leader, for the large majority of world knows that hundreds of these saints, as the over one thousand missionaries connected with they have looked upon the face of their Lord, have the Mission are in China today largely because been irradiated by the light that comes from His they are looking and waiting for the advent of the person. Moreover, men recognize the fact that Christ.

this light, in the persons of these saints, has been While premillenarians would not compare them- shed abroad into most of the dark places of the selves with others, and would not criticize those earth, until tens of thousands of those who were who differ from them in respect to prophetic dwelling in midnight gloom have come to know truth, they harbor the conviction that premillen- that the splendor of God's sunrising has shone nial views hav.e given them certain important and even upon them. So then, it is our conviction that precious outlooks. I have no right to speak for true Christians who look by faith upon the glory others in this particular, and yet I may venture of the Lord are, each in his own measure, trans- to classify their thoughts somewhat as follows: formed both in life and service. First, this doctrine has made Christ nearer and But the writer cannot leave the subject just dearer to them, and His promised coming more here, for his experiences have been too deep and long to allow him to pass lightly over the value of realized and desired; second, it has given to them premillennial truth, and this as related to mis- a sense of spiritual proportions which they might sions. I well remember the day in Attica, New not otherwise have had, wherein the things which York, when Dr. William J. Erdman expounded to are seen are temporal and the things which are me the meaning of Nebuchadnezzar's dream as not seen are eternal; third, it has developed withrecorded in the ,second chapter of Daniel. I was in them the consciousness that there is only one a young man then-it was forty-nine years ago- thing really worth living for, namely, the gatherand filled with earthly ambitions, to be rich, to ing out, the world over, of the elect of God in excel in music, and to make my name known as a order that the way of the Lord may be prepared; writer, with little thought of saving souls of men fourth, it has formed within them the conviction at home or abroad. But the good Doctor showed that the only-hope of the Church in her pathetic me that God's objective in the present age was weakness, and of the nations in their pitiable disthat of making the Stone smite the image of the tress, is in the coming of the King, the establishnations until it should become a great mountain, ment of His visible kingdom and the dispensing filling the whole earth. This, my friend said, of law and justice such as no king, queen, presi- pointed to the coming of Christ, the subduing of dent or judge has ever been able to bring to pass; His enemies and the setting up on earth of His and lastly, it has given them a desire, and with

WHEN THE DEACON TALKED IN CHURCH

some a veritable passion of longing, to see the With such facts before us, and with the added wrong that was done to Jesus Christ when He was fact that it is indisputable that a large part of here on earth, wholly and forever righted, and the peoples of the earth has been evangelized by this in the very places where He was defamed and those who believe in the premillennial return of dishonored, which is His most just due. This, as a Christ, it seems almost puerile to ask, "Does the total, is the great objective which premillenari- premillennial view cut the nerve of missions?" ans believe God has placed before them, and they Manifestly, it never has; and if those who have as find it uplifting and transforming in all the va- their objective the glorious and impending appearrious walks of life. It is this objective that lures ing of Christ will continue to walk with Him who, them onward and outward as evangels of the King in promising to come again, commanded that His and the kingdom, for in thus doing they seek to gospel should be preached to every creature, it "occupy" till Christ shall come. never will.

When the Deacon Talked in Church * ====;;;;;!JI~- -··+ilfIl!.1=====B;;;;y;;;;W;;;;I;;;;L;;;;LI;;;;A;;;;M=T;;;;.;;;;G;;;;U;;;;N;;;;N;;;;'

IT WAS a warm Sunday in June, and our for- Then he prayed. The choir didn't sing that day, eign missionary sermon was to be given. But but the organ played while the collection was be- we had slept, I may say, through both sermon ing taken. Old Deacon Bright got up to pass the and offering many a time before. The sermon plate on his aisle. He was as fine a man as you didn't seem different from usual; but it just hap- could meet in a day's journey-as good a neighbor pened to come home to the deacon. The preacher and as honest a man as ever lived. He owned a took for his text the verse about, "Go ye into all good two-hundred acre farm, and had a fine family the world and preach the Gospel to every crea- -all members of the church. Jim ran the farm; ture"; and he dwelt on the "go ye." He said it Jack, the second boy, was just ready to go to coldidn't say anything about taking up a collection, lege; and Mary had her diploma as teacher, and but it did say to go, and that the Lord would never was studying to be a nurse. The mother, too, was be satisfied until we went. as fine a woman as you could find anywhere.

Most of us hadn't ever given much, only just The old deacon had been getting considerably enough to look respectable when the plate was deaf of late years, and always sat alone in the ·passed. But the preacher showed us that this front pew. He seemed to be sort of dreaming over command, "Go ye," meant just what it said, and the sermon; for as he rose to get the collection that everybody was included. I always thought plate he began to talk out loud to himself. As far that there was some special kind of call that came as I can recollect, this is what he said: to one here and another there; and that only those who felt the call had to be missionaries. But he "So that 'go ye' means me and everyone of us; said that wasn't in the Bible, and that everybody this is the Lord's plate, and what we put in is was commanded to "go"-unless they had a spe- our substitute for going ourselves; it shows how cial call to stay at home. Even then they were much we love Him and how much we are worth bound to do their best to find a substitute to go to Him, if we don't go ourselves." for them, and to help everyone to go that could. He asked us how we would feel if we hadn't any He went to the back seat, and passed the plate. Christ to go to for forgiveness of our sins, or for The back seats are always full of young men, and help in our trials, or strength against temptations, as they put their money on the plate the old man or comfort in sorrow, or guidance in perplexity; went on: "Twenty-five cents from Sam Jones. no Christ to tell us how to live here, or to tell us My boy, you'd been worth more than that to the about the love of God, and where our loved ones Lord. Ten cents from David Brown, five from went at death. This is what makes life so dark Tom Stone, and nothing from Steve Jackson; and hard to the heathen. In our gifts the preacher forty cents for four boys, and everyone of them told us to think of the Lord's command to us and could go, too; and they's worth at least twentythe heathen's need for us to go. five dollars a week each to their fathers, and only forty cents to the Lord." • Condensed from an old leallet printed by the Ringe Missionary Literature Committee. In the next pew sat Mr. Allen and his family. Mr. Allen put on a dollar for the family, and the old deacon moved away, saying, "The Lord died

for the wife and little ones too, but they have noth- too, on the plate, wife. Jim, my boy, you'd be ing to give." worth far more than that to the Lord." Jack and In front was Judge Purvis with his wife and Mary sat in the choir. two daughters. "Less than the price of one of your dinners down town; half the cost of that So the old man went on from pew to pew until pair of gloves you wear; almost as much as you he came to the front again; and there he stood spent for ice cream last week; one box of candy," for a moment, the plate in his left hand, fumbling were the deacon's comments as the coins fell from in his vest pocket. But he said, "No, that isn't the hands of the judge and family. enough, Lord; you ought to get more than that; you've been very good to me." He put the plate Then farmer John Robb put on a bill rolled up, down, and, taking out an old leather wallet, and Mrs. Robb put on another; Johnnie Robb, a counted out some bills on the plate, and said: "I little envelope bulging with coppers; Maggie am sorry, Lord, I didn't know you wanted me to helped the baby to put on another gift; and the go. Jim will keep mother and me on the farm, old deacon said, "God bless them." now we're getting old; but I won't keep Jack back any longer, and Mary's been wanting to go, too, We were all listening by this time, though we only I wouldn't let her; take them both, Lord." didn't dare to turn round, and lots of us were mighty glad the deacon wasn't taking up the col- Then the old man sat down and buried his face lection in our aisle. in his hands.

John McClay's pew came. "Worth a dollar a Deacon Wise jumped up, and said, "Pastor, we year to the Lord, and two thousand a year to him- haven't done our duty, and we know it. Let's take self," said the deacon. "Seventy-five dollars for up the collection again next Sunday." A chorus a bicycle and twenty cents for the Lord don't of Amens came from all over the church. match, Tommy McClay. Miss Eden, it looks queer for a hand with a hundred dollar ring to drop five The pastor got up, with tears in his eyes, and cents on the plate. said: "My friends, I haven't done all I could, either. I want to give more next Sunday, and I'll "Less than last year, James Stevens, but the give my boy, too." Lord bless you, too. A new house for yourself and an old quarter for your Lord, Alec Bovey. Then we sang a hymn as we closed, but it sounded different than it ever had sounded be- "God bless you, Mrs. Dean. You take in wash- foreing and can give five dollars to the Lord! What! and Minnie has some, too, and wee Bobbie. Love so amazing, so divine, Demands my soul, my life, my all.

"Fifty, seventy-five, eighty-five, ninety; ah, The organist said she believed it went through your dinner will cost more than you have given, the roof, and I guess God thought so too. Mr. Steele. A bright, new dollar bill, and spread out, too, Mr. Perkins; ninety-five cents was for The old deacon felt pretty bad when he found show. A check from Mr. Hay. It'll be a good one, out how his daydreaming had been done aloud; too, because he gives a tenth to the Lord. Two and one or two felt pretty hard at first, but they· dollars from you, Harry Atkins, is a small gift to knew that what he said was true. the Lord that healed your dear wife. That was what started our missionary church, "Ah, Kitty Hughes, that fifty cents never cost and we've kept on ever since. Fourteen members you a thought, and you Marian, only a quarter, of our Christian Endeavor Society have gone out and you could both 'go ye' and support yourselves as missionaries in the last five years-six of our . . . . . . Five cents from the father and a cent each best young men and eight of our brightest girls.

from the family; John Hull and family don't seem Jack Bright? He married the organist, and to love the heathen very hard …… Ah, Mrs. Mc- they are out on the border of Tibet, where his Rimmon, that means a good deal to you; the Lord medical skill is winning a way for Christ. Mary keep you till you join your good man that's gone Bright married the minister's son, and they went . . . . . . Charlie Baker, and you too, Effie; I doubt to Africa. The old deacon has gone to his rest if the Lord will take any substitute for you. Noth- now. I wish we had more like him.

ing from you, Mr. Cantile? not interested, I I have two of my own boys in the work, one in s'pose. Heathens at home; perhaps you're one of India and another in China, and another is get- them. ting ready to go. My name? John Donald. You're "Five cents, Mr. Donald. I don't think you'd laughing? Yes, I was the one that gave only five· want to put that in the Lord's hand; and you, Mr. cents that day; what the old man said about put- Jenkins, no more." ting it into the Lord's hand stuck to me. But I The old man came to his own pew, and as his hope to give the Lord a boy or girl for everyone wife put in an envelope, he said: "Ah, Mary, I ·of those five cents. My two youngest are talking am afraid, my dear, we've been robbing the Lord about going already" You see, the Lord said, "Go all these years. We ought to put Jack and Mary, ye"; so we're going.

of a

-<tUf11 By R. c. TILLINGHAST, New York 11)Be- I LOOKED fondly at my bookshelves. I had been some books in the hospital, where, "men have lain reading of missionaries abroad as well as in for days without a thing to read." Do you know the United States who are far from public of closet shelves loaded with the accumulation of libraries and have very few books and periodicals. a year or more? It is as easy to send them to him They are hungry for such literature but are unable as to your next town and costs little more. Is it to buy. As I looked, the pleasant feeling of pos- not better to use one's own head and heart in session turned to uneasy discomfort as I became choosing various destinations than even to use the conscious that I was a miser, for a miser is one Salvation Army where you can not know how they who hoards what he does not need. My embar- are disposed? rassment increased as I thought how superior a book-lover should be to the selfishness of one who Why save things you will never use? hoards mere money. The feeling grew until I From a college of the Reformed Church in resolved to "bring forth 'books' meet for repent- Europe a professor, who is also an editor and an ance." Some resulting experiences have been so author, writes: "My college has lost all its funds, stimulating as to almost free me from the selfish only the buildings being left …… we cannot order habit of keeping books. Some of these may serve foreign papers …… a real treat to us ……hunothers as an antidote to this seductive habit. gry and thirsty for the best literature." Probably the libraries of clergymen contain a A missionary, who is so far up country in China larger percentage than others of books which are that it took 41 days for his letter to reach me, has valueless beCause they are as out-of-date as last written to thank me heartily for some second- year's newspaper. Had these books been passed hand reading matter. He tells about passing it on when new they might have been useful to many. on and on, speaks of how the cuts in the budget I know of widows who are burdened with inherhave forced them to "dispense with what are really ited libraries which cannot be sold for an aggrenecessities, but commonly are regarded as lux- gate of five cents per volume. There is no such uries-books and periodicals." He tells of a book thing as posthumous generosity. I remember no club through which, "If your friends can spare a promise of blessing or thanks for what is bebook of travel, discussion or (even) fiction ….. . queathed. It seems wise right now to avail ourit will reach over fifty people here and in other selves of the blessing referred to in Acts 20: 35. cities." The young people among whom he works That passage is not generally believed, for if we are "keenly interested." It costs less to mail to believed it we would Jive up to it. The mail, home him a book weighing two pounds than to send it and foreign, brings proof that it is true. I will be glad to assist any penitent like myself to Oregon. who has difficulty in starting a list of donees. By contrast, I saw in a friend's apartment rows The scheme is simple and costs only it few cents now and then for postage. Just take a book from and rows of books which are seldom if ever dis- the shelf, put it in an ordinary manila envelope, turbed except to dust them. The fact that some put on that your return address, and "Secondare handsomely bound and a few were gifts hurts hand Book. No commercial value." Erase any no one but a book-miser like myself. A library notes which may make it liable for a higher rate which was intended as a "lyceum" may become of postage; address it to an appropriate recip- ient; attach llhc for each two ounces for foreign, a "mausoleum." or parcel post rate for domestic, and drop it into the Our sailors and marines on various foreign sta- mail box. Then go out and tell some other miser all about it and laugh at the glassy stare you tions are very likable boys. One of the duties of receive. the chaplains is to provide for the reading-room. From an oriental port where we have about 1,800 of them, "Private Elwin C. Weston" writes of distributing some back numbers of magazines and He that is mastered by Christ is the master of every circumstance. Does the circumstance press hard against you? Do not push it away. It is the potter's hand. Your mastery will come, not by arresting its progress, but by enduring its discipline, for it is not only shaping you into a vessel of beauty and honor, but it is making your resources available.

[575 ]

Medical Needs of the Negroes*

By ANDREW H. CARNEGIE ~- Secretary of the Negro National Hospital Fund .nA .DEQUATE hospital facilities for the Negroes A National Board of Trustees of this Fund has in America constitute a great and crying been organized, with Mr. George E. Wibecan as need, not only for the sake of the Colored Vice-President and Rev. Amos H. Carnegie, race but for the welfare of the White race as well. Executive Secretary. The movement will be in- To supply this need the Negro National Hospital corporated as soon as the other officers have been Fund has recently been initiated, the purpose of elected. This movement is an interracial coopera- which is the establishment of a standard hospital tive enterprise. From all indications the White in every city, where there are 10,000 or more and Colored races are destined to live together.

members of the Negro race. This plan has already It is, therefore, of mutual interest to both groups won the endorsement of the American Hospital that the health of all be the best, for if one is dis- Association, The American Medical Association, eased, it will not be long before others are dis- The American College of Surgeons, The National eased and endangered, regardless of efforts to Hospital Association (a Negro association) and prevent it. Dr. B. C. H. Harvey, of the University of many well known leaders in education, busi- of Chicago Medical School, quoting from the ness, State and Church. United States Public Health Bulletin 174, for Dr. Bert W. Caldwell, Executive Secretary of 1928, says: the American Hospital Association, is deeply in- The mortality among Negroes in cities of the United terested in the problem and has given advice and States is 187 per cent of the mortality among Whites, and encouragement to the movement. in the rural areas it is 149 per cent. As compared with the death rate for the white population, that of Negroes Dr. William J. Walsh, former Executive Secre- from malaria is 344 per cent; pellagra, 327 per cent; tary of The American Hospital Association, has tuberculosis, 236 per cent; typhoid, 174 per cent; puerthis to say: "The need for adequate provision for peral sepsis, 170 per cent; lobar pneumonia, 166 per cent; the hospitalization of the Colored people when Whooping cough, 162 per cent; gastric ulcer, 154 per cent. required, at a cost within their means, is acute These are the diseases that swell the Negro death rate, in almost all localities where there are large num- and they are diseases which can for the most part be prebers of these people; I am convinced that if the vented or cured. Their prevalence among Negroes indi- cates a deplorable lack of medical and sanitary care and leaders among the Negro group will take the ini- education.

tiative in a movement to remedy this deplorable Whatever improvement of a lasting nature situation, the aid of many sympathetic white peo- comes to members of the Negro race must come ple will be soon secured." Mr. Alden B. Mills, as a result of their own initiative. In spite of Managing Editor of The Modern Hospital, which their poverty, they should lead in an effort to solve is regarded as the greatest hospital magazine in their own problems and we believe that $150,- America, said: 000,000 can be raised in twenty years almost alto- gether by Negroes giving on an average of one One of the most pressing social needs in this country at cent per week. the present time is for better facilities for the hospital care of Negroes and for the education and training of The promoters of the movement propose to call Negro physicians who shall be competent to bring to the members of their race the best fruits of modern medical on the Colored pastors throughout the country, science. In so far as the Negro National Hospital Fund who are the recognized leaders of the race, to rally is able to meet these pressing social needs it will assist in one hundred per cent behind the movement and elevating the living standards of a large and important allow the use of the 42,600 Colored churches as body of our citizens. By providing opportunities for professional activity among members of their own race for collecting centres.t the ablest Negro youth, the movement will help to solve t A strong steel bank, provided with a Yale lock will be placed the economic problem which has been the root of some of our racial difficulties and conflicts. If wisely and intel- In each church and the key placed in the hand of the banker with ligently administered, this movement deserves every whom the church dOes business. From week to week the members of the church will deposit their contributions in this bank and each success. member of the church is to make himself a committee of one to win one unchurched individual to Christ, to the program of the local * The Negro National Hospital Fund is a movement founded by church and to the program of The Negro National Hospital Fund. The movement will seU this idea to the pastors and the pastors in the Rev. Amos H. Carnegie, a Methodist Episcopal minister of the turn will seU it to the people, for, after aU, whatever improvement East Tennessee Conference, who was released from the pastorate on comes to the race, must come through the leadership of the pastors. October last and sent out by Bishop WaUace E. Brown of the At the end of each month, a hospital committee, which will be or- Chattanooga Area, to give himself to the realization of his dream ganized in each locality, will take the bank to the banker, have him of adequate hospitalization of the Negro race in America and open it before them, count the contents, buy a cashier's check with proper training for Negro physicians, nurses and social workers. the amount, and send it to the treasurer in New York, who will be The movement Is nonsectarian, but Christian and humanitarian. an outstanding banker.

[5761. While the hospitals will be interracial in man- ment in one payment and get rid of it. Very few agement, until the Negro race becomes capable of people will pay one cent a week. If we can just managing them, they will be owned by the Colored see that the thing is going, twelve millions of us people and managed in the highest interest of all will put it over in a little while."

by their duly elected trustees and their successors. The following are some of the blessings which The whole enterprise will be legally arranged may be expected to come to the Negro race if the from the very start so that it will be impossible program of the National Negro Hospital Fund is for any group of individuals to deprive the race of successfully carried out: their institutions. It will offer high training to Negro physicians, We hope not only to open doors of opportunity nurses and social workers. This will be accom- for the highest training within the realm of the plished by the help of medical schools of the North, medical science to Negro medical students, by af- East, and West, in which physicians will receive filiating fifteen teaching hospitals with as many their clinical training. Each of these medical of the great medical schools of the North, East schools will be asked to take a quota of Negro and West, but to offer them, after they have fin- medical students who exhibit the highest scholas- ished their training, standard hospitals which tic ability, moral character and lofty ambitions.

shall be modern in physical set-up and scientific It will open a door of opportunty for hospital equipment, so that every new discovery or inven- practice and administrative leadership in standtion, contributory to the conservation of health, ard hospitals to Negro physicians, nurses and so- will be placed at their disposal. Sound moral cial workers, which opportunities are beyond character, unquestionable skill and unselfish ap- their reach today. proach to the problem of medical care will be the It will open a door in the clerical field to the unalterable prerequisites of every physician who women of the Negro race to serve as bookkeepers, aspires to a place on the staffs of the hospitals and stenographers and typists, which is closed to them every hospital is to be imbued with the spirit of today. service. It will reduce the enormous death rate in the White leaders in every walk of life are not pre- Negro race, which runs as high as from ten to pared to share the privileges of their institutions twenty times in some sections of the United States with the Negro race socially, economically and higher than for the White population, according culturally, but they are prepared to encourage and to statistics from a very reliable source. assist the Negro to develop his own institutions It will teach the Negro race that they must and derive therefrom the training in independence and self-determination, without which the experi- paddle their own canoe and not look helplessly ence and discipline of life cannot be acquired. to others to do for them that which they can do for themselves. There is a new day ahead for the Negro race, but it must come from within. The Negro must It is estimated that the seventy-six hospitals to decide what he wants and then he must go out and be established throughout the country by the Fund get it. He must learn to exercise rigid economy, will give employment to from 30,000 to 40,000 thrift, simple habits of life. He must begin at Colored people. the very bottom and through a process of Christian education, based upon the impregnable Rock The Negro race will follow honest and unselfish of Truth, as Gladstone called the Bible; through Negro leadership. They want a practical program that has as its objective the uplift of the masses.

the development of rugged character, such as is inspired by hardships; through hard persevering "Don't waste your time in longing for great impos- toil, which is the price of real progress; through sible things, honest, virtuous living, which is the secret of Don't sit supinely yearning for the swiftness of every great people; through peaceful organiza- angels' wings; tion and collective planning; through unselfish Don't spurn to be a candle because you're not a and patriotic leadership in the pulpit, in the class- star, room and in every walk of life, he must forge his But brighten some bit of darkness by shining way forward, and, by God's good grace, he may where you are.

yet teach a lesson of far-reaching importance, not There is need of the tiniest candle as well as the only to this country, but to the entire world. giant sun, Everywhere the colored people of the United The humble deed is ennobled when it is worthily States have manifested keen, fervid interest in done.

the Negro National Hospital Fund. They see in You may never be called to brighten the darkened it the beginning of the physical salvation of the regions afar Negro race, and they promise to rally to it. One So fill, for this day, your mission by shining just man said: "I will payoff my twenty-year assess- where you are." -E. A. Guest.

Dividends in West Africa*

Reported by MRS. EDWIN COZZENS, Elat, Cameroun CARPENTERS, tailors, mechanics, shoemak- must go on to the next town the Spirit of God ers, sawmen, masons and apprentices they would remain to convict the man of sin. Three are usually called; but for the month of days later this obdurate father sought out the July (1933) they were evangelists. The Frank nearest evangelist saying, "I can't eat, I can't J ames Industrial School was closed down in so sleep. My heart keeps saying, 'Repent! Repent!'

far as was possible so that one hundred and Here are my fetishes. I will trust in Jesus."

twenty of the graduate employees and the appren- *** tices might, at their own expense, devote them- "Don't waste your time talking to me. I'm all selves as Christians to the business of winning right. Why, I beat the drum for all the meetings men and women to Christ. July was preceded by in the chapel and I put money in the collection intensive Bible study and many hours o'f prayer and do all the things I should. Go hunt the bad as part of the preparation for the adventure to people."

which we all looked forward. "But the evangelists would not leave such a A prayer meeting at dawn was the start, and man without expounding to him the third and from there the men went in groups to their des- fourth chapters of Romans, "We have all come tinations as far as thirty, even sixty miles out on short of the glory of God; we are justified freely the many paths radiating from Elat. Returning by His grace. Where is boasting then? It is ex- four weeks later, a report hour was held in the cluded by the law of faith." .

Elat Church. Thus another man moved his house from the "We did not experience what we expected," re- sand onto the Rock.

ported Simon Nna Nsim for his group, "but great *** joy far surpassing anything we had believed. Only "We heard that you Tellers-of-the-Good-News the words of the one hundredth Psalm can express were coming but we don't want to hear your Good our joy and thanks." These industrial-evangelists News in this town."

had seen the power of God triumph over many "But we've come to be your guests!" That was untouchable hearts. an arrow which lodged in the most vulnerable "Don't talk to me about God. He killed my wife; point of a Bulu man's pride. So, they broke bread He killed each one of my four children. I was together-Bulu bread, and finally, "Living Bread born into the world an innocent babe; it is He which came down from heaven; if any man eat who should make peace with me, not I with Him." of this bread, he shall live forever."

The evangelists did their best to show the poor *** man that God gave His only Son to bring to us life, abundant life, everlasting life. They talked "You won't find any men in the next town. long and earnestly, reading from the open Testa- They were going off to repair their stretch of ments in their hands; but felt that they had ut- road." terly failed. During the middle of the night one of the group was awakened by this same bereaved The industrial-evangelists went off to the inman who said, "I cannot sleep for my heart tells dustrious road makers. me that it is I who have done wrong, not God." And there, deep in the night, this Nicodemus was "Greetings, brothers!" born again into the tribe of God's children. "Greetings! But we've no time to talk to you today. The policeman is going to put us in jail if we don't finish our road." "Sure enough, and he will. We'd better help *** you." The evangelists set such a pace for work They did their best to present Jesus as the Way, that the townsmen were soon leaning on their the Truth and the Life to a man sitting by his shovels gasping for breath. Ashamed to have own fire. They made one final entreaty before their volunteer helpers outdo them, they kept at leaving his house to which he replied again, "I their job. Soon they suggested going back to refuse. I absolutely refuse!" Immediately his their town to eat, inviting their helpers to accomlittle daughter cried out to him, "0, my father, pany them. "There are no lunch counters in the I'm only a child but I know that God IS. Don't jungle; food had to be prepared. The soul win- refuse, don't refuse!" ners reached into their pockets and laid before the The hearts of these soul winners were troubled hosts that Word which is the Life and the Light for this father and they gathered the next morn- of all men. Into five of those darkened hearts ing before daybreak to pray that even though they that Light shone that morning and Life became • C<Jndensed from The Drum Call, Elat, Cameroun. their life.

[578 ]

WHAT'S RIGHT WITH THE RURAL CHURCH

A leading citizen, a graduate of their own in- out ceasing unto God." At daybreak they began dustrial school, had reverted to polygamy, influ- again to revisit the town. By nightfall twenty encing his whole town in his downfall. All day souls had been won for the Lord whom they had long a group of ten had visited in his town with- trusted. out arousing one spark of interest; without winning one soul for their Lord who had been so Weare told that there is joy in the presence of dishonored by one of their own alumni. What to the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth. do? Go on and mark that day down as a failure? We dare, then, to call you, who have sacrificed No! Prove God to be a living God. The ten evan- that the work of Christ in many lands might not gelists found a house in which they could all sleep be crippled, to rejoice with us over the twentytogether. They divided into four groups, the night three hundred and thirty-two lost sheep who were into four watches; and "prayer was made with- found by these jungle business-men-evangelists during the month of July, 1933.

What's Right With the Rural Church By RALPH A. FELTON, Ph.D., Madison, N. J.

Professor of Rural Sociology, Drew University O NE day while talking with a man in Roch- three thousand counties have from a dozen to ester, New York, I was told that there seventy-five boys in reform schools at a cost of would be no country churches left in Amer- six or seven hundred dollars each per year. Crime ica in ten years. This man said he knew what he is expensive in more ways than one.

was talking about for as a traveling salesman he A high school girl in a rural village was on the spent all of his time visiting churches. verge of being arrested for delinquency. A Sun- This was ten years ago, and I can't see any de- day s~hool teacher took time off from her busy crease in country churches. The 101,000 rural life to win the girl's affection and enlist her in churches in America are, in fact, stronger than Christian living. As a result she is now in college they were ten years ago. Other institutions and preparing for worth-while service.

agencies have come and gone, but the rural church The church is saving countless young people is still the farmers' most loved institution. What from reaping the wages of sin, and at the same makes the church live on through periods when time saving law abiding citizens from paying the other agencies disappear? cost of crime.

The Grange is a powerful force in rural Amer- The church is our most effective missionary ica, with 8,000 units and 700,000 members who institution. Who ever heard of a shipload of are a real social and educational factor in Ameri- Rotarians sailing off to New Guinea or Burma can life. It is the only secret institution to which to give their lives to teach the ideals and prin- the fathers and mothers both belong. But on ciples of Rotary! Today 7,000 missionaries of "Grange Night" the children are left at home. In the church are preaching the Gospel in China, most states the father leaves all of the family at 6,000 are proclaiming "the Christ of the Indian home when he attends the Farm Bureau or a meet- Road," 3,000 more are at work in South America ing of his Cooperative. Rotary, Kiwanis, Zonta and as many in Africa. The church is our only and other service clubs take father or mother, but institution whose members are concerned enough not both and never the children. The girls may for its teachings to carry its message to the ends attend the Camp Fire Girls, and the boys may be- of the earth.

long to the 4-H Club or the Scouts. The church Life on the farm often becomes humdrum. The is the only institution to which the whole family dairy cows do not take a vacation. Canning sea- may belong and which all can attend. In these son in the farm kitchen comes just when a trip to days when so many things tear the family apart, the seashore is most needed. But the Christian the church is still a family institution. It is of message in the church lifts our horizon from interest to all ages; it serves all; it unites all. monotonous chores and limited fields and stifling We hear and talk much today about a "crime kitchen, so that we become a part of God's great wave." It has been estimated that the average universe. We thus renew our faith in Christ and family pays thirty dollars a year in taxes to care become more loyal and effective in carrying out for our delinquents and criminals. Each of our His program for a better world.

A Woman of Ten

, An Appreciation of Helen Barrett Montgomery I -ef I By Her Friend, LUCY W. PEABODY, Orlando, Florida Jie- I FIRST met Helen Barrett Montgomery nearly team in their home, in their church and in social fifty years ago at a missionary meeting. Since life. Mr. Montgomery had a large Bible class of then I have known intimately the life and won- men and was respected for his sterling character derful accomplishments of this great and noble and business ability. These won for him wealth leader. Young, beautiful, radiant with a com- in his latter days, so that these two magnificent pelling appeal, her greeting to me, a young mis- stewards had the joy of giving largely for the sionary just home from India, was that of a highest ends.

friend, not a stranger. We both lived in Roches- Helen Barrett Montgomery was an educator ter, and met often. Later, as Secretary of the more than a mere teacher. After a year of teach- Woman's American Baptist Foreign Missionary ing in Philadelphia, she married, and then began Society, of which Mrs. Montgomery was a mem- her life, chiefly given to Christian and missionary ber, I realized the great power of this young col- education. In 1900, the year of the Ecumenical lege woman, a graduate of Wellesley, and much in Conference in New York, Women's Boards of Mis- demand for lectures before women's clubs, politi- sions formed a committee to prepare books for cal groups and college societies. united study of foreign missions. Following the Her home education was remarkable. Her fa- founder of that committee, Miss Abbie B. Child, ther, head of a boys' school, and later pastor of a I served from 1902 to 1930 as Chairman. During great Baptist church in Rochester, gave Helen her those twenty-eight years we were fortunate to sekeen intellectual inheritance. Her mother, .a bril- cure Mrs. Montgomery as author of six study liant, delightful personality, with a wide range of books: "Christus Redemptor," a study of the Is- interests-primarily in the church-endowed her land World; "Western Women in Eastern Lands,"

daughter with charm, versatility and power of ex- which gave the suggestion of the Women's Mis- pression. As life went on her talents and training sionary Jubilee in 1910 and 1911; "The King's were all consecrated to great spiritual ends. Highway," written after her return from the tour Mrs. Montgomery was a firm believer in wom- of mission fields; "The Bible and Missions,"

an's suffrage, and was active in Rochester's civic called by some experts the best mission study book and educational interests. She served two terms ever published; "Prayer and Missions" followed, as Commissioner of Education-the only woman and, last, "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem," written to hold that position. She was President of the after the International Missionary Council Meet- State Federation of Women's Clubs, and might ing in Jerusalem in 1928. These books had a sale have gone on in these interesting activities to the of more than a half million copies and did much very top. But Mrs. Montgomery's supreme inter- to educate women and girls for the highest mis- est was centered in Christ and the Church. For sionary ideals. years she taught a Bible class, numbering hun- Mrs. Montgomery was the most popular lec- dreds of women. She gave much time to the work turer at summer Schools of Missions. She began of missions in church and county, finally becoming at Northfield when the first Mission School opened Secretary for the Baptist Board in Western New in 1904 and her work extended across the conti- York. Her freedom from home cares, through nent. -the presence of "two mothers" and a devoted aunt, One of her great achievements was the transla- was not from lack of ability or interest and we tion of the New Testament from the Greek, which were often diverted from our major missionary commanded the respect of great Greek scholars.

program to one of recipes. Dr. A. T. Robertson, of Louisville, our first Amer- William A. Montgomery, her devoted husband, ican authority, said: "It is remarkable in its ac- deserves special mention and credit for Helen Bar- curacy and clear expression. I prefer it to Mof- rett's achievements. It was an ideal marriage, fatt's translation." She did this "Just for the joy happy to the very end. She, the intellectual, col- of the work." Mrs. Montgomery had ten talents, lege woman, learned many practical lessons from and she used them all.

him, the keen business man; they made a glorious In the Woman's Foreign Mission Jubilee, which [580 ] we planned one day in Boston, she carried inspira- women, there was nothing to do but to secure tion from coast to coast. The celebration brought funds to found the Seven Colleges for Women of voluntary gifts of one and one-fourth million dol- Asia, with the motto: "Lighted to Lighten." lars to the Boards participating and resulted in With the little Indian lamp as a symbol, the womthe organization of the Federation of Women's en of America made possible the building of Col- Boards of Foreign Missions of the United States leges in Japan, China and India. Though Helen and Canada. Montgomery had taken on the executive work of President of the Woman's Foreign Mission So- She was the only woman ever called to serve as ciety of the Baptist denomination-an absorbing President of the Northern Baptist Convention. task-there was still time and strength for this Wellesley College gave her the honorary degree educational work for women.

HElLEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY A favorite and essential type of mission work in which she was greatly interested was to proof LL.D., while other colleges also conferred de- vide for Christian literature for women and chilgrees upon her. dren in non-Christian lands. Her legacy of $25,000 toward a fund for this department of Out of our memorable trip around the world, work is an example of her wise stewardship.. The with our daughters, came her book, "The King's interest will help the scanty contributions from Highway," over which we traveled together over-burdened Boards. through Egypt, India, China and Japan. Having told a little of what Helen Barrett Mont- The daughters, one from Wellesley and one gomery did, how can we describe what she was? from Vassar, added to the joy of the travels and A loving, lovely, sympathetic, generous friend, an interested great companies of girls from mission ideal woman in her home-life, her church activischools, who begged for women's colleges. They ties, her social contacts, she was deeply, truly have them now. After the trip, not merely around spiritual. Christ, her Saviour, was her dearest the world but into the heart and life of Oriental Friend-always a reality. In these days when men trust so much to intellect, and seem to lose it in a maze of doubt, she, who was always a stu- dent and scholar, retained her firm faith in the supernatural, inspired Word of God.

In later years we met often in Florida, which we adopted ten years ago as our winter home. One more "Missionary Adventure" remained: The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies. We had been together at the School of Missions in DeLand, the first in Florida and later, in St. Pe- tersburg. Mrs. Montgomery was delighted to see these links grow into a chain-which now an- nually covers the State.

Last March she came over from St. Petersburg with her brother, Professor Storrs Barrett, and his wife, and was her dear, radiant self. Impaired health did not matter, and days of sunshine, flow- ers and memories, with the group of friends who gathered for the "surprise party" made it a beau- tiful climax to our friendly fellowship here.

Helen Barrett Montgomery has made her own memorial, which will continue. She was interna- tional long before most American women awoke tc, that relation, and realized that the only suc- cessful internationalism to date is Foreign Mis- sions: asking nothing but World Friendship based on faith in the World Saviour. It may be that, in our present dream of making the mission colleges permanent through endowment, we may have a Helen Barrett Montgomery Chair in at least one woman's college in the Orient. This should be made possible by the many whose lives she has blessed.

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Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I==============================.~ CHRISTMAS MEDITATION congregational singing of carols. In would make a deeply inspiring our program we tried, by entirely missionary presentation. An Suppose that Christ had not been oorn eliminating congregational singing, to abundance of such material is to avoid any interruption to the worship be found in most denominational That far away Judean morn. period, that all might feel the deep literature departments. Excel- inspiration and power of quiet, rev- lent Christmas pageants and Suppose that God, Whose Mighty hand erent worship. plays for schools, churches and Created worlds, had never planned clubs are listed in a catalog leaf- Carols played by a quartet of trump- let by The Woman's Press, 600 A way for man to be redeemed. eters stationed in the lighted tower Lexington Ave., New York City. Suppose the Wise Men only dreamed room drew an audience outside the church in addition to the one as- Christmas Suggestions for That guiding star whose light still sembled within. As the service was Children's Organizations glows to close exactly at midnight, pains had been taken to see that the watches An Oriental slant may well be Down through the centuries. Suppose of all persons taking part were timed given to celebrations this year. correctly. Carefully prepared pro- True stories from our mission Christ never walked here in men's grams in the hands of the minister, work in Japan and China might sight, choir director and pianist gave the be presented under the topic, closing time of each number, so that "Treasures for the King." Dec- Our blessed Way, and Truth, and adjustments could be made with ease orate the room with the usual Light. if the service proceeded faster or more emblems, arranging the chairs in slowly than had been planned. The a circle with alternating red Suppose He'd counted all the cost, items had been carefully timed at re- and green streamers extending And never cared that we were lost, hearsals, and took place in this se- from their backs to a central quence: chandelier. Under the light on And never died for you and me, a small table, set up a miniature Nor shed His blood on Calvary 10: 45 to 11: OO-Carols by trump- Christmas scene of small trees eters, beginning with "It Came Upon covered with snow and icicles. Upon a shameful cross. Suppose a Midnight Clear" and ending with Under these trees have two open That having died He never rose, "0 Come, All Ye Faithful." jewel boxes-one empty, with a gold star pasted on the lid, the And there was none with power to 11: 00 to 11 : 03-Prelude by pianist. other containing strings of pearl save As the last note of the trumpets died beads, rings, bracelets, etc. The away, the pianist took up the same story of "The King's Special Our souls from darkness and the carol and played it softly while the Treasures" may first be read grave! robed choir and the minister took from Mal. 3: 10-17, emphasizing their places. God's special treasures – his *** "jewels" – and stating that we 11 : 03 to 11: 04-Foreword by min- want to bring others to know As far as piteous heathen know, ister. Him too, adding to His jewels, as These things that I've "supposed"- missionaries are trying to do. 11: 04 to 11: 06-"The First Now- Then let each young person who are so! ell," sung by the choir. tells an assigned story of some- one won for Jesus in a mission.. MARTHA SNELL NICHOLSON. 11 : 06 to 11: 09 – The Christmas ary kindergarten or otherwise story from Luke. hold in her hand while she talks CHRISTMAS WITH A MIS- an object from the box of jew- SIONARY KEYNOTE 11: 09 to 11: 15-Carols by choir. els-the first story, perhaps, be- ing about "Rings of Gold," the A Christmas Eve Service 11: 15 to 11: 23-"Service of Lights" next about "A Ruby Necklace," pageant by young people. another about "A String of *Rev Carl H. Olson, of Kent, Ohio, writing in Church Busi- 11 : 23 to 11: 41-A Christmas story ness, says in part: read by minister.

The commercialization of Christmas 11 : 41 to 11: 47-Christmas anthem is a challenge to the Church to re- by choir. awaken an appreciation of the religious significance of this holy season. 11: 47 to 12: OO-Christmas sermon- Last year our church met this chal- ette by minister. The climax of this lenge with a Christmas Eve serv!ce sermonette was an exhortation that which extended throughout the entIre the bells of Christmas Day might find community. joyous echo in the hearts of men, and coincided with the ringing of the bell In many Christmas Eve services, which announced the advent of the the effectiveness of the atmosphere Day. created by dim lighting is destroyed when the lights are turned on for the By having pageant, story, etc., of a missionary application and • Duplex Envelope Co., Richmond, Va. giving the sermonette the same Copyrighted. keynote-all most appropriate to the occasion – the foregoing [582 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Pearls," still another about the winner is the one who fans lated, for the most part, to the "Diamonds Rare," etc. through goal first. theme for the corresponding Every Christian may have a part and may bring extra jewels Good handwork would be mak- month. When a member reads for the King, to put into the ing a Japanese garden as a gift a book, he checks it, and if he empty box. Let the members for Mother at Christmas. "Use reads an additional one, he lists suggest what we may place a china bowl, a piece of low pot- it in a blank underneath. What within it: Our money, our pray- tery or a pie or cake tin; a small a widening of horizons that ers, acts of service at home and mirror for the pool of water or amount of good missionary readin community and, best of all, else moss arranged to use real ing will accomplish in each life. "A Christmas Gift of Self." As water; small pebbles for paths, these are enumerated, emblems etc. Make some green things Among the titles of the such as small red hearts or other growing by sprouting carrots or appropriate articles wrapped in monthly meetings are: World silver and gold tin foil, white sweet potatoes in a glass. A ten- Highways; The Highway to the cards inscribed with individual cent store can supply wee names to represent gifts of self, bridges and people to walk in the West; Highways of Goodwill; etc., are to be deposited in the garden, or these can be molded empty box. It is suggested that from clay or putty or carved Setting Sail; In and Around in boys' organizations, nuggets from soap. Tokyo; Seeing the Country, etc. of gold, bags of silver and such The foregoing suggestions like would be especially attrac- Leading thought questions are: tive, the parallel being that have been taken from "The (1) What are the qualities or Window of Y. W. A.," a publimany lads in other lands or com- cation of the Women's Auxiliary characteristics possessed by our munities in our own land would of the Southern Baptist Conven- pioneer leaders? Wherein do tion. they differ from the qualities we need today? (Blanks provided for written replies.) (2) What are my attitudes toward the Jap- anese Americans? Would I be become real gold treasures for High Lights of Some Litera- willing to (a) Meet them sothe King if they had an oppor- ture Packets cially? (b) Admit them to our club? (c) Fellowship with them tunity. As a souvenir there may be pinned on each child a red bell Your Department Editor was in the church? (d) Form friendinscribed with the name of a pleased to note at summer con- ships with them? (e) Entertain Chinese or Japanese missionary. ferences the attractive forms in them as guests in the home? It would be Oriental to send which missionary literature is (3) When you think of Japan, around invitations to s u c h presented nowadays, even to the what comes to your mind? (4) Christmas-missionary functions delight for the eye of exquisite As world Christians we discover on a tray-just one, not a whole coloring and artistic decoration. all people are more alike than supply, on the tray at one time, Real down to date psychology is different. Record here racial the tray-carrier being in J ap- manifest, also, in the adaptation qualities or characteristics which anese costume and doing his of subject matter to the natural seem to you to be universal. (5) work with much bowing and interests of the various age As we leave Japan, we carry groups. The Editor will be memories of Christian men, greeting. Oriental curios such as Jap- pleased to pass on the high lights women and youth who have anese parasols, vases, prints, of denominational literature dis- helped us to know and underfans, etc., should be used to dec- plays and packets whenever they stand their country. Record orate the meeting place. Ohaio are presented to her for review. here your impressions of the is the word of greeting; Sayo- The United Christian Missionary Japanese people.

naro that of departure. To Society has an attractive buff In a similar program guide, create a merry atmosphere, a program guide for its High-Tri "Toward Understanding," to be few native games may be played clubs, the outline taking the used among young people's mis- beforehand. In "Japanese Ball" membership on an imaginary sionary circles, some suggestive one bounces the ball very hard, trip among Orientals in the topics for consideration or meditrying to whirl around and get United States, then on to Japan tation are: (1) What seem to be back into position ready to catch for six months. During the first the most outstanding problems the ball, then trying to hit it period a statement or question which the Japanese-American back to the floor instead of han- for each meeting proposes for faces? How can we help in solu- dling it. This should be done consideration some problem as it tion of these problems? (2) five times in succession. relates to the individual in the What are my own interests?

"Japanese Volley Ball" re- group life. During the second Are they contributing to Chris- quires each player to use a fan. period the guide becomes the tian growth and development?

The goal is made by putting two Travel Book in which members (3) In what way does our books on the floor a foot apart. are expected to record the names church share with the Japanese Then a three-inch square of of interesting places they visit, in the United States? (4) What tissue paper is to be fanned people they meet and types of are the religions of Japan?

through the goal from the start- missionary work that impress What is their appeal to youth?

ing line six feet back. Each them. The "Book-of-the-Month" (5) What is the appeal of player has a separate goal, and page suggests a book that is re- Christianity to me? In what

way is it a vital part of my life, come a globe of the world. Hesi- our Church in the face of Roman interests and enthusiasms? (6) tantly touching and seeming to influence in Mexico? Why send missionaries to a cul- gaze into it, she turns to the tured, educated people like the Your Help Wanted! Japanese? Write your answer audience and tells what she sees from time to time. This subject Your Department Editor is to this question beforehand. matter may pertain to the begin- ever on the alert for "Ways of Would you revise it after the nings of missions in general or Working" that have approved discussion? If so, how? (7) in any given field, certain faces themselves in action. What a joy What do I think of the Nation- seeming to stand out as the story it is when usable material is sent alistic theory that "Nations can proceeds. At an appropriate in. Have you something triedlive to themselves"? How do we point, costumed folk enter softly and-proved-good that might be gain or lose by wholesome rela- from behind the gazer and en- passed along? While plans for tions with other nations? (8) act a scene with dialogue, then all departments of church mis- What are the reasons for Japan's softly slip out again. In this sionary activity are acceptable, foreign policy? What is the at- way a fascinating story is told, there is an especial dearth of ma- terial for pastors and Sunday titude of Japanese Christians? with action to make it seem real. school workers. (9) Can I be a Christian and be- The second crystal gazer relieve in war and the preparation places the first presently and **• for it? Could I participate in it? says: "A glorious past. But we Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, of Wayne, (10) Has Christianity made any cannot dwell in the past. What Pennsylvania, a program builder impact on the everyday world in of the present? May I read of note, has sent an outline used Japan? If so, in what ways? what I see?" And in this sec- at a national gathering in Wash- (11) After studying Japan have ond episode, missions are pic- ington, D. C., on "Building the I gained any new facts? Formed tured, in narrative and action, Nation Beautiful" which will apany new attitudes? Decided on as they are today. The future is pear in this department next any procedure of Christian left problematic in a soul-search- month. She has already subethics? ing way as it hinges on present mitted an outline for a year's acute needs. The close is an an- meetings on the theme, "God's An instructive recreation de- swer to the challenge. Harvest Field," in which the scribed in the packet of litera- monthly topics – usable in any ture is called "What? When? The number of dramatic group-are: "The Field" (Fer- Where? in The World Call- sketches in this packet shows tile Soil); "Preparation of the this being the denominational how much this best-of-all ways Soil" (Pioneers of Yesterday) ; magazine. The method is to di- of vitalizing the truths of mis- "Sowing" (Neglected People, vide the participants into Groups Migrants, Frontiersmen) ; "Sun- A, B, C and D, giving to each sions is being used by wide- shine and Rain – God's Part" group three magazines (of dif- awake workers. (When Christ Was Born – a ferent dates) and twelve ques- Christmas Playlet); "Cultivations. Working together, the ••• tion" (Teaching, H e a lin g, group must find the answers in Preaching) ; "Reaping" (Inthe magazine and write them out In The Luther League Leader, gathering Through Christian or check the page on which each an organ of the American Luth- Centers); "Binding" (Brothermay be read. A time limit- ran Church, questions for study hood Through Good Citizenpossibly ten minutes-is set, the ship), and "Storing and Sharwinning group being the one and discussion reveal the amount ing" (Stewardship R 0 u n d which is through first or which of real thought young people are Table). A Mothers' and Daugh- putting into their mission study ters' Banquet and a Book Refinds the most answers in the nowadays. Some outstanding view meeting were interspersed time. questions are: among the topical sequences.

"Missions Through a Crystal" Do you find any reason for a A budget isn*'t s*um*s to me; is an excellent program device friendly internationalism in It's happy school girls' faces, which may be worked up with Paul's address from Mars Hill? any subject matter in any de- (Acts 17: 26-28.) It's tired, sick mothers getting well, nomination. On a stand at the How do national leaders have front is placed a globe of the responsibility for changing the It's light in gloomy places. world draped completely with a viewpoints of the people as did It isn't just long columns full square of white cloth. A candle- Samuel? (1 Sam. 12: 20-25.) lighted room is preferable for Of "headachy" addition, this gazing scene. The leader To what degree do you think It's missionaries sailing out says there are present two crys- the truth in James 4: 1-3 is back tal gazers who can see into the of warped national points of To fill a Great Commission. past, present and future, telling view? It's you and I, who'd like to go, the audience what they see. The How does the preaching of And send our gifts to prove it. first of these sits down before Christ's Gospel influence the How wonderful a budget is ! the globe, gently removes the world for peace? silk scarf from it and starts It lives, and so I love it. when she sees the crystal has be- Has the Church a right to ex- press a public declaration on the -Edith G. Estey, in The question of international rela- Watchman-Examiner. tionships? (Mat. 10: 7-15.) What is the evident duty of The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK by their prophets, probably more missionary enterprise, steward- ship, and a practical leadership than Chinese who lived the training course. Groups inter- truths taught by their leaders. Yes, there is but one God the ested in dramatics, music, life- Father from the beginning who saving, and nature study were is ever seeking to express Him- also cared for. self in the sons of men; and Jesus was born Son of God and The editor seems to recall that Son of Man. some one in Honolulu said the name Kokokahi means "of one The Christian records show that Mary was not disobedient blood." One is reminded of the to the heavenly vision. "Mary Chinese saying, "Under heaven, said, 'I am here to serve the one family." Lord. Let it be as you have said.''' When Mary listened to the story of the shepherds on the birthday of the little one and heard what was said about the child and that the angels sang of "peace on earth goodwill among men," we are told that "she treasured it all up and mused upon it."

Sometimes we Christians for- get that there was a Holy Fam- ily,-father, mother and child; and that within such a family, Joseph protected mother and child by flight to Egypt.

And "Jesus increased in wis- dom and in stature, and in fa- vour with God and man."

From the New China. YOUNG PEOPLES' CHRIS- Are we Christians preparing TIAN CONFERENCE now for His advent so that in MODERN CHINESE our land the shepherds and all MADONNA At Kokokahi on Kaneohe Bay, shall hear the angels' song on the annual conference for young In our Western world the Ma- people between the ages of 16 Christmas Eve? donna is Mary, mother of the and 25 was held August 26-Sep- Christ-child. Often in China, tember 2. From breakfast at 7 young Chinese women students a. m. to "Lights Out" at 10 p. m. who know that in their tradition the days were filled with wor- even five hundred years before ship, recreation and work in Christ there were prophets or study courses such as How We teachers of men who taught a Got Our Bible, Beginnings of the way of life similar to the Chris- Christian C h u r c h, Missions, tian way, ask "Why should God young peoples course for leaders, not have come as the Christ- and a discussion course on child among us?" And one an- youth Problems. The univer- swer can be that there was a sity age group studied "the im- goodly "remnant" among the plications of the Christian reli- Jews who lived the truths taught gion for social life"; also the [585 ] Why the Church of the Cross- Church of the Crossroads this roads? in part as follows: last summer in an open, covered "The spirit of Hawaii during the pavilion where during the week years from 1915 to 1923 the year the children of the neighborhood in which the church was organ- had gathered for activities and ized was definitely turned to- which for the Sunday services ward interracial cooperation, had been made a churchly place and the intermingling of racial with a simple altar with the groups in business life and so- cross and exquisite lilies. A lay- cial life. Racial lines were not man asked for volunteers to so important as they used to be. come one hour before services Language was no longer a bar- the next Sunday to prepare the rier. Some· of them were eager place of worship. He also called to meet together in religion." attention to the children's handi- REV. AND MRS. GALEN R. WEAVER The Hawaiian Board of Mis- craft work outside the pavilion. sions met the request of young During the meditation period, CHURCH OF THE CROSS- people of various racial back- ROADS grounds for a service in English, a beautiful victrola selection and known as "The Young Peoples' the far view from the open pa- Friends from afar sent Aloha vilion strengthened the bond in May, 1933, to the Church of Service." Attendance averaged existing among the Christians the, Crossroads, Honolulu, T. H., about 100 persons. of several races who "resorted for the tenth anniversary of the with one mind in prayer." founding of the church. Jane In May, 1923, the Hawaiian Addams wrote from Chicago: Board approved the recom- The place was filled with the fragrance of the beauty of holi- The Church of the Crossroads seems mendation of the Religious Edu- ness and life. to me a singularly successful and an cation Committee "that the reunusually brilliant effort to unite quest of 61 applicants for a For your Christmas program through participation in a common cause, people of varied origins and church be granted, and that the send for Services of Worship for experiences. I predict that its his- Secretarial Council in conference World Understandihg and Peace, tory will long be cherished as that of with Mr. Weaver shall take steps a pioneer in a path so often needlessly toward the organization of the 15c; C rea tin g a World of beset with insuperable difficulties. Friendly Children, 25c; A Mes- church." Kagawa, from Japan, wrote: sage to Christians of All Lands.

I am glad to send a message to your Rev. Galen R. Weaver has MISERERE ehurch's tenth birthday. It is very interesting that your church represents been a very true pastor to the God have mercy upon us miserand serves so many nationalities, and group since the organization of that in the Hawaiian Islands you able sinners, have a Christian brotherhood, to some the church. The present par- God have mercy upon us misextent, of all races. May it be per- ticipating constituency of the fected! And may God bless your erable sinners. church to that great end! ….. . church (that is members, asso- For our ignorance and our greed ciates, and attendants in Hono- We must have a world awakening. lulu and active in one or several which have brought to I do not say "revival," for here in the parts of the program totals about Orient we have not yet heard the Gos- 250 of whom 80 are in adult di- multitudes starvation in pel, so I use the term "awakening." vision, 85 in young peoples' di- the midst of plenty. Please pray for all nations, for the Lord, have mercy upon us. so-called Christian nations, and for the mission field. In Honolulu, where From sense of our own virtue at you can look out on all the world, both eastward and westward, you can have some slight charity to the the truly international viewpoint, and do much to bring the world together unemployed, in the Christian world brotherhood, the world family of God our Father. Good Lord, deliver us.

The Rev. Norman C. Schenck, From luxury and display, while of the Hawaiian Board of Missions, answered the question, many have not where to lay their heads.

Good Lord, deliver us.

From spending billions for bat- tleships while the unem- ployed live upon a crust, Good Lord, deliver us.

MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH OF THE That it may please Thee to guide CROSSROkDS, HONOLULU, EXAMIN- us quickly into the good ING THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE life in which there shall be peace and plenty; a· WE'EK-DAY SCHOOL vision, – and the rest younger. sharing of labor and leis- ure and joy by all the On other islands, there are 39 members. There are seventeen children of men, members on mainland United We beseech Thee to hear us, States, and eight in other coun- good Lord.

tries. The editor worshiped -From "Prayers for Self and with the congregation of the Society," by James Myers.

AMERICA unions, but a closed shop on reli- runs one story, "and never saw a

gion, especially as regards the steadier set of officials than the Century of Progress Campaign 'Leadership Group' made up of ones that have comprised these officials and office workers. In meetings, which have been well Midnight evangelism by wom- this connection, an advertise- attended. The drouth-stricken en was a feature of the Century ment for a stenographer for the areas are ghastly in their ap- of Progress threefold Evangel- mill specified 'none but active pearance, but the men have said istic Campaign, conducted in a Christians need apply.' Prayer that those grieving the loudest congested district of Chicago's meetings have been held since are the non-religious and non- West Side, under auspices of the 1916, and since the day now has members of the churches."- Presbyterian Church. A com- two shifts the meetings are at 6 Christian Advocate. mon experience of the women in a. m. and 2 p. m. The whole at- charge was to find girls under mosphere of the mills has Giving of Poor and Rich the influence of liquor attracted changed in these 18 years. There to the meeting, and to be able to has been friendliness, a better A recent book by Robert R. help some of them physically, spirit, and more.important still, Doane, "The Measurement of morally and spiritually. Anoth- the people are happy and con- American Wealth" makes clear er activity was the nightly open tented. Through all the labor that in the prosperous year 1929 forum, when a mixed group of upheavals that have occurred, only 13% per cent of church and 150 to 180 persons-educated this mill has come through un- benevolent contributions came and uneducated, bolshevists and scathed." from persons with an annual in- atheists, communists and other come of $25,000 or more. Those radicals-gathered in the chapel U.ndaunted in Drouth with incomes from $3,000 to of Third Presbyterian Church to $25,000 gave 18% per cent of discuss social, economic, political It is reassuring to read re- all that was contributed, but and religious problems. Ques- ports from drouth stricken areas those with incomes of $3,000 and tions were presented by the au- of the West, and find that faith less gave 68 per cent of the total. dience and answered by newspa- and courage have survived. A When it is remembered that in per men, lawyers, business lead- Methodist district superintend- 1929, a total of 1,122,650 per- ers, college professors, clergy- ent in Nebraska says: sons made income tax returns men and political and social showing incomes of $20,055,- authorities. "Our churches are rallying 000,000 but deducted from those marvelously. In this worst hit returns gifts to charity totalling A third feature was the eight section almost every church will only $380,000,000 or slightly less o'clock evangelistic me e tin g meet its estimate in full. Of sev- than two per cent it is evident when the Gospel was pr.esented enteen churches not more than that the economically better off directly and simply to men and one or two will fall below, and class of Americans have not giv- women of all walks of life. Defi- most of these will attempt to en till it hurts. nite acceptances of Christ were raise the same salaries next reported daily. year. I have never seen such -Presbyterian Tribune. heroic self-sacrifice on the part Prayer Solves Business of both ministers and churches." Curbing Drunken Drivers Another writer from the same Troubles area declares: "The hardest hit An Independence, Kansas, folks are showing the most faith daily newspaper is using this John E. Edgerton, President and vision. The greatest com- unique method to rid the streets of the Lebanon Woolen Mills in plaining is done by those who of drunken drivers. When a citi- Tennessee, believes firmly that have the most. My admiration zen of Independence is arrested Christian principles will cure for the great majority of the for drunken driving he is likely any labor trouble or any other ministers and for many laymen to appeal to the local paper to kind of trouble, if they are not has been heightened by the way keep the matter out of its col- only believed in but practiced. they are facing up to the crisis. umns. Whereupon the editor "Some mill workers in the South No church has refused to make places before the favor-seeking may excel in leading strikes," an estimate for next year." driver this pledge: says a press report, but in the Lebanon Woolen Mills they are Iowa is not. behind in the The undersigned, having been ar- able to'lead a prayer meeting. midst of overwhelming disaster. rested for drunkenness and fined in ,The factory is an open shop on "I have held 21 conferences," the police court of Independence, [587 ]

wishes to have no mention made of ments – religion and crafts. Indians. This work began in the incident in the Dail" Reporter. Classes will be held during the the year 1834 under Rev. Thom- In case no mention is made of this week as well as on Sunday. The as S. Williamson, M.D., at Fort incident we promise to leave liquor only requirement is that each Snelling, Minn. The first Indian alone, and in event that we get into child or adult registered must be church had seven members, and police court again for reason of enrolled in both departments. from this beginning the church "breaking over," then the Reporter has grown to 1,475 communihas our consent to publish a news Courses will be elective, and cants, in 39 churches. story concerning the same, as well as include: Bible study, religion to mention the particulars of the case and biology, normal training -Presbyterian Banner. which caused us to sign this pledge, and likewise the fact that we signed class; confirmation class, church Broadcasting in Alaska it. res ear c h, religious forum, church history, wood cutting, Recently the broadcasting sta- More than a hundred citizens printing, process printing, ec- tion in Anchorage, Alaska, was of Independence have signed this clesiastical embroidery, piano, equipped with the latest and pledge up to date. Only three boys' choir, first aid, weaving, most efficient machinery for have broken it. In all three cases broadcasting. In the fall of 1932 the newspaper gave the full scout craft, camp fire craft, sea- the minister of Anchorage First story to the community. manship, Indian craft, Indian Presbyterian Church made ar- lore, knotting, leather tooling, rangements with the station for -Christian Century. model building, cooking, wood a weekly broadcast of religious carving, folk dancing, sewing services during the winter. The Spiritual Service for Hospitals station agreed to give the use of and dramatics. its equipment for such offerings The Federation of Churches as could be secured from the lisof Rochester, N. Y., has engaged Lutheran Strength teners-in, seeking as a goal $10 a Dr. Frederick Palmer to visit Sunday. Measured by the interhospital patients in the capacity In 59 cities of the United est shown, it was a success from of personal counselor and Chris- the start. Missionary E. L. Wintian friend. Rochester's fifty States the Lutherans are the terberger writes: "We have a hospitals, public and private, board of deacons of 12 members with more than 1,048 patients, largest Protestant denomination. appointed from those who are were thus visited in 1933. One interested, and we issue yearly of the hospitals was so much Among these cities are Albany, certificates of membership to all impressed by Dr. Palmer's serv- those who make contributions. ice that it sent courtesy cards to Buffalo, Chicago Dubuque, Du- The missionary speaks to men, all the ministers of the city. The women and children, the messuperintendent of the Highland luth, Detroit, Milwaukee, Minne- sage of life and hope as they sit Hospital writes of Dr. Palmer's about their firesides, away off in work: "I have so many times apolis, St. Paul, Toledo and the remotest cabins. Two Eskinoticed the beneficial physical mo boys up at Wainwright heard results following the visitation Wilkes-Barre. In 28 cities they the services and asked Dr. Greist of patients by a spiritual adviser if it would be all right if they that I am of the opinion that you are the second largest denomi- took down the sermon and gave are actually a part with us in the it to their people in Eskimo on work of the hospitaL" nation, the list including Cleve- the following Sunday."

Taking Care of Leisure Time land, New York, San Francisco –':"'Presbyterian Banner.

The Church of the Ascension and Tacoma. Lutherans are first LATIN AMERICA in Chicago believes that the church of today has two great in number in eight States,- Whole Family Won problems: First, the teaching of religion; and second, the Michigan 199,694, Minnesota The Baptist Church of Barteaching of the proper use of ranquitas, Puerto Rico, had esleisure; since wit h shorter 483,905, Montana 19,339, Ne- tablished a preaching point in a working hours for adults, lack home about six miles out of of playgrounds and recreation braska 130,826, North Dakota town. One evening the pastor for children, the devil has ample found a congregation gathered, opportunity for the use of idle- 134,424, Pennsylvania 604,684, but no meeting place, because, ness. This church has accord- the owners of the house were ingly worked out a new plan for South Dakota 90,190, Wisconsin away. Preparations were made its school. for an open-air meeting, when 484,348. -So S. Times. an invitation came from a neigh- "The child being father of the bor to hold services in her home man, the child in the Sunday Dakota Indians Conference This family had not accepted the school is certainly father of the Gospel. After giving the mes-. man in the pew," says the an- A most interesting commemonouncement of the new plan, ration of the 100th anniversary which provides for two depart- of Presbyterian work among the Sioux Indians was observed at Fort Peck Indian Reservation last August. One thousand per- sons attended the conference. Each family brought its own tent. Ten churches of that sec- tion of Montana acted as hosts, delivering daily rations to the tents. These consisted, among other things, of 20 head of- sheep, 10 head of beef, a number of pigs and $800 worth of gro- ceries. Each evening a group of 200 persons presented a pageant representing the various stages of progress of" Christian mis- sions among the Sioux Tribe of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sage the pastor extended the in- Continuing, the letter says: experience. Dinner-hour meet- vitation to those who were "Yesterday I saw the Minister ings have also been held in facwilling to accept Christ as their of War again, and demonstrated tories; hospitals, schools and Saviour. The first one to come the hand grenade and the billy centers of the unemployed have forward was the owner of the …… The demonstration of the been visited, and 3,000 children house, followed by his wife, and hand grenade was ……entirely have been gathered nightly to then the remainder of his family successful. The Minister of War listen to Bible stories. -six young people; and finally asked your best price on 100 bil- -So S. Times. three young men from the neigh- lies and 200 hand grenades." borhood, making a total of elev- Simavi in Holland en who were converted that Morris Schools Nationalized night. This grouping of letters rep- The Argentine philanthropic resents a new contribution to the -Watchman-Examiner. schools and institutes, popularly formation of alphabetical names. known as the Morris Schools, It stands for six Dutch words: Convinced at 87 Years are being taken over by the na- "Steun In Medische Aangelegen- tional government. Rev. Wil- heeden Voor Inheemschen," i. e., A Bible Society worker, con- liam C. Morris organized and Assistance in Medical Matters versing with a fervent Roman administered the schools over a for Natives. This charitable or- Catholic of 87 years of age, in a period of about 30 years. These ganization assists medical missmall village of the state of San schools have been the outstand- Luis Potosi, made him see clear- ing philanthropic work in the sion work in the Dutch East Inly the difference in the Ten Com- Argentine republic. In 1930, 6,- dies, the German work in Nias mandments which appear even 200 children were enrolled in in the Catholic Bible, and the ten them, and 330 orphan boys and and Sumatra and the Basel Misdeficient commandments which girls were housed in the orphan- sion in Borneo. appear in the Catechism of Fa- age. In the course of those years ther Ripalda; at which the old 140,000 Argentine children have The founder of Simavi was a man was very much surprised, passed through the Morris Dutch medical missionary, Dr. saying: "Eighty-seven years schools. The work has been sup- Hubertus Bervoets, who died have I lived, and I had not seen ported by private contributions July 22, 1933, in Java. He volthis bait held out to the inno- by Argentine citizens and by unteered in 1894 with his bride, cent." He invited the colporteur public spirited foreigners resi- expressing the urgent desire to to speak to all the people of the dent in the republic. In recent be allowed to carry the Gospel village "in the name of God and years the schools have also re- to the natives of Java. He was of the truth." He went person- ceived a considerable subsidy the first medical missionary in ally to give the invitations and from the national government. eastern Java and worked with ordered that the bells of the Upon the death of Mr. Morris in his wife up to 1909 in the hos- Catholic church should be rung 1932 these schools found their pital Modjowarno, to the great -there having been no priest in continuance uncertain. The de- blessing of the people. He began this church for some time. The velopment of the government people congregated, enthusias- school program had lessened the the training of native medical tically listened and bought copies need as well as the. appeal for helpers. He also founded a leper of the Bible. their support, resulting in a asylum. The last commission heavy deficit during the past two given him by the colonial gov- -Bible Society Record. years. A bill providing for the ernment was to build a hospital nationalization of the schools re- in Patio This he was no longer Missions or Hand Grenades? ceived final approval by the sen- able to finish. Dr. Bervoets and ate and was converted into law his wife worked in this field for The Living Church quotes Sept. 28. more than 37 years, their motto from a letter read into testimony being, "He who enters the servof the Senate munitions inquiry. ice of missions, has made his Rev. Paul Young, sent to South choice for his whole life!"

America by a Christian mission- -The Christian Century. French Novelist's Conversion ary board to preach the Gospel, The Methodist Times and wrote to his brother, who is EUROPE president of Federal Laborato- Student Soul Winners Leader, London, tells of a re- markable religious awakening in ries, Inc., makers of gas bombs Eighty-five undergraduates of France which is taking place in and machine guns, as follows: "We have just spent a week Cambridge University, both men the Roman Catholic Church, and of joyful life at this Indian sta- and women, have held a ten days' is going far towards influencing tion. It was a blessing to us and evangelistic campaign in the thought and remodeling life in the two devoted girls who live manufacturing city of Oldham, that country. A remarkable at this post. Six or eight In- England. Open-air meetings thing about the movement is dians expressed a desire to fol- have been held nightly at twelve that one of its leading spirits low the Lord. They have had the places, where crowds varying and most effective evangelists is desire before but have been from 75 to 300 have listened to a novelist of note, Francois pulled down by sin. Indian work the testimony of these students Mauriac. He was born in 1885, needs a great deal of prayer." regarding their own Christian and in 1922 succeeded in produc-

ing a work which placed him in AFRICA Slrull Worshippers the front rank of writers of his time. Later, he experienced con- Demand for Literature The forests of Spanish Guinea version, and thereafter devoted his literary gifts to the service Except in Arabic-speaking are still full of idols, and the of Christ. With a sensuous book areas, Africa is still without a in hand at the time, he re-wrote native literature. Now, with the Okak still ardently worship the it, condemning his former writ- demand for education increasing. His influence is now said to ing, Africans are beginning to skulls of their ancestors. Pracbe widespread and profound. read for pleasure. Missionaries add the writing of books to other tically every hut contains a box Socialists Return to Church absorbing and ·exacting duties, and African authors are increas- or basket of family skulls. In One result of the riotous up- ing. In South Africa some notaheaval at Vienna last February ble literary work has been done each tribe is a "priest" or leader has been the great flow of social- by Africans, and in East and ists back to church membership. West Africa authors are appear- of their worship. When some- Daily papers spoke of 10,000 ing. In 1933 the International having rejoined the Roman Institute of African Languages thing has gone wrong in the Catholic Church in a few weeks, and Cultures, in response to a and many are also joining the competition, received 87 manu- town, a misfortune, loss of Protestant churches. Some 2,- scripts written by Africans in 300 joined one church alone. five different languages on a va- wealth, sickness or disaster, the While the motives are partly ma- riety of subjects. This awakterial and partly political, many ened desire for reading material men gather together the skulls are doubtless moved by desire has' led to the formation of the for better things. Bible Society International Committee 0 n and adjourn to the forest shrine. colporteurs are taking advan- Christian Literature for Africa, tage of the unusual opportuni- supported by a number of mis- The priest is there; the skulls ties not only in Vienna but in sionary societies in England and Graz, Linz and other places. One America. Its bulletin, Books for are heaped into a pile, and the colporteur in Graz, in his house- Africa, goes to over 2,000 misto-house visiting, found himself sionaries in Africa. The maga- idol is placed on top; the people in the midst of a crowd of armed zine Listen, printed in simple socialists. They at first took him English for schools and village are seated on the ground. A for a spy and threatened to hang people, is used in East, West, him, but he showed them his bag and South Africa, and material chicken is provided, and as the full of Bibles and New Testa- from it is translated into a numments, and they let him go. ber of languages. priest wrings its neck over the -Bible Society Record. -C. M. S. Outlook. pile, the blood is sprinkled over Temperance in Russia Boys' Club Wins the skulls and the idol. The Russia, drastic in everything, In the sfums of Cairo a boys' spirits of the ancestors are then is also drastic in seeking to curb club was started by the Church intemperance. Thomas Murray, of England mission less than addressed. Offerings of food Secretary of the Scottish Tem- ten years ago, in the face of perance Alliance, describes their strong Moslem opposition. Ser- are placed at the foot of the pile method in the Christian World. mons in local mosques denounced The advertising of liquor is pro- the Christian effort, Arabic and the men return to their hibited, and vodka shops merely papers thundered, neighborhood intimate 'Vodka sold here,' walls were scribbled with "Be- town. The wife of the priest sometimes adding, 'But you are ware of the Missionaries." From advised not to buy it.' At the a vacant lot across the street cooks up the food and the priest entrance to factories there is a mobs collected stones and bricks miniature model cemetery with and hurled them night after has a feast. If the men complain little crosses, on which appear night; three times the premises the names of workers who are were nearly wrecked. Courage that the trouble continues, the inefficient through drunkenness. and faithfulness on the part of- The names remain there until Egyptian helpers backed up the program must be repeated with reformation takes place. If be- English missionaries, and the ing made a laughing-stock does work developed. Now a new more elaborateness, and a dounot produce the desired result, building and a playground octhe 'habitual' is given a commu- cupy the very lot where the bling of the food offerings. But nal trial by fellow-workers and stone-throwers collected their sent to an anti-alcohol clinic." missiles. for all that, many prayers once addressed to wandering spirits are now ascending to the true God. JOSEPH McNEILL.

Benito, West Africa.

Unity in East Africa A united communion service at Kikuyu in 1913 marked the first definite step toward unity, and this was followed in 1918 by the formation of the .East Africa Protestant Missionary Alliance which affirmed the three great principles of faith in the Triune God, firm belief in Holy Scrip- tures as the Word of God, and regular use of the two sacra- ments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper. There was a variance regarding ordination, but this Alliance declared its purpose to work in as close harmony as pos- sible with other missions. In 1932, with the South India scheme for union in mind, a con- ference was held in Nairobi of delegates appointed by the Scot- tish, Methodist and Anglican Churches, and a representative committee was formed to work

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

out a draft Basis and Constitu- as a medical missionary of the Anatolia College tion. This was published in L. M. S. among the same Bak- July, 1933, and expressed a hope wena people from 1845-1852. The crowning achievement of that this might be a starting There is now a strong mission a strenuous decade was realized point for a much wider union of church there. An agreement on June 17, when the new Churches in East Africa. has been made between the camP1:ls. of Anatolia College at L. M. S. and the United Free SalomkI, Greece, and the build- -C. M. S. Outlook. Church of Scotland, whose rep- ings so far as finished, were resentative Dr. Shepherd is, d~dicated. President Ernest W. Helping Ovimbundu People whereby the activities of this RIggS believes that this was a historic station shall be carried most successful inauguration of Dr. W. E. Strangway, who on henceforth by the United Free the second decade of the service has just returned to his work at Church. There will be no sev- of the college. The friendliness Chissamba, Angola, writes for erance of the church life from of the Government, the Church the United Church Record of the its parent stock, the L. M. S. and the people shown at that encouraging outlook among the Church of the Bechuana, but time was most gratifying. A Ovimbundu people. "The chil- both bodies will form a common class of nineteen graduated the dren do not have to be urged to membership, working toward valedictorian being an Arme'nian attend school. They are all the ultimate aim of an indig- who spoke in Greek. At the afgrateful for the opportunities of enous African Church. There filiated School for Girls 32 dieducation. In almost every case will be no break in the existing plomas were granted, making 51 the classroom is filled to capac- Advisory Council nor in the na- young people going out this year ity. The church, too, is rapidly tive ministry. This is a new to take their share as capable increasing her membership. venture in missionary coopera- and public-spirited citizens in Seldom a service passes without tion. The actual erection of the Macedonia and the Near East. some making application to join Hospital buildings is an illustra- A former student has put the one of the catechumen classes, tion of the use of native skilled college in his will as a residuary and €ach time there is a com- labor. legatee, hoping that this will munion service a large number ultimately provide for the erecare received into full member- -South African Outlook. tion of another building, plus a ship." student scholarship fund. THE NEAR EAST Most of Dr. Strangway's time INDIA is spent in hospital work, and he The Christian Council says: "Gradually are we gain- Why Christians Are Needed ing their confidence as they lose The Near E a s t Christian faith in the witch doctor and the Council was organized eight The editor of Dynanodaya medicine man under whose spell y.ears ago to bring into coopera- thinks that the Bishop of Dornathey were so firmly held not tIon groups of missionaries un- kal spoke very much to the point more than a decade ago. Only a known to each other. Twenty when he said recently to the few years ago, when we asked missions united at the start; Medak Indian Christian Assothe lepers from certain com- thirteen others have come in ciation: munities to come for treatment, during the past six years. The the elders and chiefs laughed at Council area comprises eighteen We Christians are necessary factors us, saying that our medicine countries-M 0 roc c 0, Algeria, in the future of India. How? India would surely fail. A number of Tunisia, Tripoli, Egypt, Sudan, today is drifting away from all rethese outcasts have now returned Abyssinia, Palestine, S y ria, ligion. Our people are today more to their native villages with the Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bul- materialistic than 100 years ago and leprous sores cleansed, and no garia, R 0 u man i a, Albania, nationalism has now become the'relitrace of the dread disease re- Arabia, Iraq and Persia. In gion of many of our leaders. India maining. Ovimbundu people are these eighteen countries are 181 has been known as a land of religions very appreciative of any help we Christian organizations, with a and the people of India are nothing give them and express their sin- total of 1,997 workers. Through if not religious. Next to the Jewish cere thanks in many different standing committees, coopera- nation, I can say without any fear of ways. Many of them return to tion is attempted in Christian contradiction, that Indians are incorus every year to tell us the story literature, evangelism, educa- rigibly religious. That sacred heritage of how they have been helped." tion, rei at ion to Eastern 1S now threatened…… Materialism churches and work for Jews. and godlessness are threatening the Living.stone Hospital The Council has, after eight future of India. The old gods and years, succeeded in sharing ex- religions of India have ceased to The establishment of a med- periences, reporting causes of satisfy the thinking people. We Chrisical mission at Molepolole marks failure, pooling as far as pos- tians believe that Christianity is really a notable advance in medical sible their resources, preventing the .religion that will satisfy religious service in the Bechuanaland overlapping, and promoting in IndIa; and the onset of no-religion Protectorate. Dr. P. M. Shep- some cases united action. cannot be stopped except through alherd is opening up the tracks of legiance to Jesus Christ. The reli- David Livingstone who worked -Bulletin. gious nature of the Indian nation will respond to the truth of the revelation of God in Jesus Christ. There is an- other reason why Christians are a necessity for the future national life of India, and that is the growth of corruption in public life. Weare not

ignorant of the bribes, official inter- Drink Reform Needed through His servants in spite of many ference, underhand machinations that failures, ….. in view of the greatness are becoming too common at election The Madras Christian Council of the task which awaits us in the times. Giving of bribes to electors, in August passed a series of century to come …… and finally, in and receiving of bribes from candi- view of our own weakness and utter dates, are polluting our civic life. resolutions with reference to insufficiency, of our need of wisdom What can Christians do at this junc- present social and economic and power from on high, ……thereture? We ought to be the conscience problems; among them one on foreof the country. God has given us a drink reform: conduct superior to others. 1. Resolved, That throughout the (1) That in the opinion of this coming year, we give ourselves most A Christian Procession earnestly to prayer every day, thank- Council the Christian public must ing God for mercies received, humbly Ahmednagar, one of the confessing before Him our shortcom- American Board stations, has work for the extinction of the trade ings and sins, and waiting upon Him witnessed drastic retrenchment. for a mighty outpouring of the Holy Somehow the impression got in intoxicants for the following three Spirit ….. . abroad that Christian work was collapsing. When Easter came, main reasons: (a) That from the 7. Resolved, Finally, that a similar the Indian leaders, of their own call be sent to the older churches in accord and uninspired by mis- economic point of view the manufac- the U. S. A., by whose faith and sionaries, decided to have a pro- prayers and gifts the work was becession of Christians through ture and consumption of intoxicants gun, and who are still helping us to this city of 50,000, singing is mere waste. (b) That from the carry it on, asking them to pray with hymns appropriate to Easter. us and for us throughout the year. They said we must let the non- medical point of view it is injurious Christians know that the Chris- to the public health. (c) That from -Presbyterian Banner. tian movement is not dead. In this same district, because of re- the moral and religious point of view Baptist Telugu Mission trenchment measures, the responsibility for evangelizing the it is an impediment to the full de- From the Report of the Amervillages has fallen directly on velopment of the highest type of life, ican Baptist Telugu Mission, Indian leadership. This last South India, we find the total year has been marked by the whether individual or corporate. population is 7,648,139; mission baptism of a considerable num- stations are 28; missionaries on ber of Hindus, their preparation (2) That the ultimate goal of any the field, 78; organized churches, being entirely the work of In- 337; churches self-supporting, dians. Drastic retrenchment Temperance Movement is the creation 145; church members, 110,690; has brought its problems, but In- of a public opinion which accepts and and baptisms for 1933, 4,776. dian leadership has accepted its In 952 Sunday schools there challenge. acts on these propositions. were 27,550 pupils. The number (3) That the Council appeals to of ordained preachers was 67. Legislation on Temple Girls the churches to study the problem There has been a revival in Some of the more progressive the Kurnool field, with large in- Indian states were the first to from the religious standpoint, and to gathering. During the year introduce legislation which made some of the Christians were the dedication of girls to temple discover and live up to the full im- called to undergo persecution. service illegal. A few years ago Some were unj ustly thrown into the Madras legislative council plications of Christian discipleship in jail because they refused to vote passed an act by which this evil for certain officials, and others was met in the Madras presi- this matter. were imprisoned for refusing to dency. Last week the Bombay participate in Hindu worship. legislative council passed a bill (4) That the Government be urged Fiery persecution came to a which is more or less on the lines beautiful Komati girl of fourof the Madras legislation. Ac- to use all possible methods to educate teen years, and often her back cording to the bill just passed the rising generation on the economic, was covered with welts from the dedicating a girl or woman as a cruel rod. Her testimony was, devadasi (servant of the god) in hygienic and moral aspects of the "You may take my life, but I any place in the presidency of question. will not deny Christ." Bombay, even if it were to take place with the consent of the (5) That in the opinion of this -Watchman-Examiner. person dedicated, is prohibited. This ancient custom is attended Council the dependence of the Govern- CHINA with grave evils, for the girls ment on the liquor traffic as a regular thus dedicated become in reality Far East Awake prostitutes. source of revenue must be injurious The 97th Annual Report of· -The Christian Century. to the public welfare, and they would the Board of Foreign Missions therefore urge: (a) that steps be of the Presbyterian Church sur- veys the present situation in taken to find other methods for re- China, Japan and Korea: placing the revenue; (b) that so long All barriers and opposition seem to have vanished; the anti-Christian as any traffic in liquor continues it movement of a few years ago is should be taxed as highly as is pos- sible, short of driving it into illicit channels; and (c) that so long as any revenue from this source continues to exist, it be set aside for capital ex- penditure. especially for grants for original outlay on scientific research, medical or other philanthropic proj- -Dnyanodaya. ects.

Another Centenary November 5, 1834, marked the founding of Presbyterian missionary work in India, with the arrival of Dr. J. C. Lowrie in Ludhiana. It was from this Punjab station that, in the dark days of the Indian Mutiny in 1858, went out the call to prayer which resulted in the Week of_ Prayer throughout the Christian world. Early in this centennial year a similar call was sent out: In view of the completion of a cen- tury of Christian work by our Mis- sions in India, of God's great goodness to us throughout this long period and of the great things He has wrought

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

drowned in an ocean of interest. An ism, he said that this reverence or a certain organ designated by unbelievable harvest is waiting. The is more of a cultural than reli- the Central Government to look harvest is not only waiting; it is be- gious character, more accurately, after matters relating to drouth ing gathered…… The Japanese a school of philosophy. This prevention, its functions to be to Christian leaders feel that the Ap- does not detract from its value, direct and guide the farmers in praisal Commission tended to idealize or the greatness of the character the cultivation of late crops and the native faiths of Japan and did not of its founder. see them as they really are, "that they cereals which mature quickly, saw Buddhism and Shinto from the The Government holds in the seed to be directly supplied; front and not from the rear," as equal esteem all rei i gi 0 n s, to investigate actual conditions Doctor Ibuka, President Emeritus of whether it be Buddhism, Mo-. in the stricken areas and direct Meiji College, put it. They also say, hammedanism, Christianity, or farmers in the irrigation of "We want to make it clear that to any other faith. It also expects their fields; to make plans for neglect preaching in the pioneer stage all religious sects in the country the apportionment of seeds for of evangelism in which we find our- to maintain an attitude of toler- winter sowing; to supervise selves does not fit the national con- ance towards all other religions various districts in the creaditions obtaining in Japan" …… The besides their own. The Govern- tion of emergency organs for the "All Korea Evangelistic Campaign," ment will not, for instance, hold relief of the drought; to regulate in which Presbyterian and Methodist Buddhism in special favor be- the supply of foodstuffs in the Churches united, began during the cause of its desire to pacify the affected areas and stabilize the preceding autumn with a season of people of Tibet; nor will it hold price of cereals; and to prohibit prayer and study in the Churches de- Mohammedanism in special fa- making wine out of cereals. signed to deepen the spiritual life of vor because of its wish to pacify the members……after which the the Mohammedan people, Presi- 2. A drouth prevention fund churches and the missionaries distrib- of $1,000,000 be specially approuted 1,400,000 copies of a twenty-four dent Wang said. page "Life of Christ." priated, of w hi c h $800,000 -Chinese Affairs. should be expended on the pur- The Ohristian Population English Language Banned chase of seeds for distribution The National Christian Coun- among the farmers, and the balcil has attempted to compile statistics of the Christian popula- As an evidence that the ance of $200,000 to be used as tion connected with all non- Chinese are increasingly nation- administrative expenses. Roman churches, and of the -Chinese Affairs. number of foreign missionaries. conscience, desiring to preserve This has been the more difficult because national churches cross their country from cultural indenominational and missionary lines, but the following figures vasion from outside lands, Prof. Ohristian Rural Service Union are considered approximately Henry Huizinga of the Univercorrect: sity of Shanghai cites the re- The Kiangsi Christian Rural 1923 1932 cently adopted rule of the gov- Service Union is an organization ernment in Nanking, that no of Chinese and Western Chris- Communicants …… 402,539 488,539 signboards of Chinese stores in tians who feel the call to help Under religious in- Nanking may henceforth carry build a new rural citizenship to fit the new China. The work struction ……… 292,857 239,655 English words. Professor Hui- area is Lichuan Hsien in South- Ordained Chi n e s e zinga writes further: "In many eastern Kiangsi on the border universities Chinese professors of Fukien, one of the recently re- clergy ……….. 1,966 1,865 are no longer allowed to lecture covered Communist areas. The Foreign missionaries. 7,663 6,150 in English. In many parts of project is to be manned chiefly by young Chinese Christians The Church of Christ in China both teachers and stu- with special training, who, for China, comprising "the Presby- dents must wear clothes made nothing more than a bare living, terian and Congregational com- only in Chinese style and of cloth will dwell in the midst of the munions, ….. also small groups woven in China. At the recent people, identify themselves with of independent and Baptist National Athletic Meet in the their needs, and work with them Christians," with a communicant capital city, the English lan- in solving their problems of remembership of nearly 120,000, guage was drastically banned building life. In this area deis by far the largest group, the structive social forces have long China Inland Mission coming from the athletic fields. Church been at work, leaving poverty next with 77,000. services, prayer m e e tin g s, chapel, and many other kinds of the underlying menace to an -The Church Overseas. student meetings which used to orderly and abundant life. Inde- be held in English are now ex- pendently financed, the project Religious Freedom clusively in Chinese." President Wang Ching-wei has reaffirmed the principle of -Missions. religious freedom. It cannot be attained, he pointed out, except To Oope with Drouth leaders will be quite free to through religious tolerance-re- bring the principles of Chrisspect for other sects and faiths. The Ministry of Industry has tianity to bear upon the acute Referring in particular to the approved a series of measures to problems of the countryside. national esteem for Confucian- cope with the drouth problem, The general plan is one of using providing that: local village men and women 1. A special organ be created who, through the "training-in-

service" method, will be molded show what this service has JAPAN-CHOSEN into leaders in their own com- meant. Gospel Towels munities. The movement is fi- "One poor fellow, lying on his nanced largely by Chinese Chris- bed in a state of extreme ex- Every Japanese has a towel tians. haustion was too far gone to somewhere on his person or near -Agricultural Mission Notes. speak, we were told. After sev- by. Accordingly, Kagawa con- eral of the other sick ones in ceived the idea of putting a peace that ward had been spoken to, message and a graphic portrayal Missionary Requirements we sang a hymn, which was fol- thereof on towels, and distrib- In the midst of all the hazards . lowed by a few words of ex- uting them to help Gospel work. of living in China – bandits, planation. Suddenly from one For example: "If these should murder, pirates – a rigorous of the beds a man called out in hold their peace, the very stones search for ways of strengthen- quite a loud voice, 'I believe on would cry out" (Luke 19: 40), ing Christian leadership is get- the Lord Jesus.' Looking round, together with a whimsical sketch ting under way. Problems of we found to our amazement that of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem missionary and Chinese Chris- the words came from the lips of when these words were uttered.

tian leadership are being ap- this dying man, whom we had Kagawa him s elf distributed proached simultaneously. A been told was too ill to speak. 5,200 of these among the lepers small survey team is starting a "We were standing in the throughout J a pan at New study of the situation. For ward when we saw a man beck- Year's. Another Kagawa towel about 16 years the question of oning to us. On going to his that has done valiant service has missionary training has received bedside we found that he was to do with Moses crossing the no attention nationally. The Na- very sick with fever, and unable Red Sea, and bears a quotation tional Christian Council has now to speak coherently. After a from the Gospel hymn, "The appointed another committee on time we understood that he was Lord will provide." missionary training. Chinese -Watchman-Examiner. leaders must, it is agreed, in- telling us that, when well, he A "Living Epistle" crease both in numbers and in- had attended one of our Gospel fluence. Missionaries, it is ad- meetings, and now he asked if Mr. Takasaki, member of a mitted (except in some mis- we would pray with him. Upon prominent firm, has retired sions) must decrease numeri- doing so, a patient in the next bed remarked, 'He knows how cally, and learn how to wield in- to pray himself. He has always from business and is taking an fluence in subordinate positions; prayed before having his food!' active part in the Japan Methbut both need strengthening along the same lines. Their Then another one, whose face odist Church. Seeing its weakpreparation must be more thor- beamed with happiness, said, 'I ened financial condition, which ough. It must make both effec- am praying to God three times every day, in the morning, and meant the closing of church after church and the dismissal tive agents in social rebuilding. at midday, and in the evening.' of minister after minister, Mr. They must be equipped for a new Another one told us 'I am so Takasaki accepted this problem program which is yet, speaking happy to be trusting in the Lord as his special mission. He enin the large, to be discovered. Jesus Christ. -The Christian Century. couraged the laymen to form a -Chinese Recorder. laymen's assocation whose im- mediate objective was the rais- For Wounded Soldiers Mission to Mongolia ing of the shortage due to the withdrawal of mission funds. Over a year ago Madame The first Chinese missionary The work was attempted in a Chiang Kai-Shek expressed a to be sent to Mongolia by a very spiritual way. Mr. Takadesire that something be done to Chinese church is J en Ta-lin, a saki began to move about the bring the comfort of the Gospel graduate of the Theological De- different churches, paying his to wounded soldiers in the large partment of Shanghai College. own expenses, talking to laymilitary hospitals in Nanchang. He has been appointed by the men; and he put the problem Immediately three groups of Chinese Home Mission Society up to them, asked them to pray Chinese and foreign workers to preach in Mongolia, with Wu about it. and took no subscrip- Shan-lien, a preacher who has were organized from the various been working in Kalgan for the tions. This movement went on missions of the city. After con- quietly and he was able to an· sultation with the medical offi- past ten years, as his associate. nounce recently that twenty-five cers in charge, weekly visits They will spend a year in Inner thousand yen had been sub- Mongolia, preaching in all the scribed for 1934 and that fifteen were arranged, and have been principal places. The opening continued ever since. Over thousand was already in hand. 2,000 Pocket Testaments have of schools in Mongolia will be This money comes from a memo . been distributed. In addition to considered by the China Home bership of 1,549. The money the weekly service, visits are Mission Society should this visit has been raised without any paid to serious cases in the prove successful. urging or special appeals, but – Watchman-Examiner. simply by placing the facts bewards. The following incidents

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

for the people and asking them The chapel at the "Widely mitted, but with the proviso that to pray about it. Loving Society" Orphanage and "work must never be more than -United Church Record. Poole High School for Girls in eight hours at a time, and not the diocese of Osaka were totally after nine o'clock in the eve- Bible Distribution in Japan destroyed, with the loss of 18 ning." The penalty for a breach The Bible House in Tokyo, lives. of the law is imprisonment for just off the Ginza, the main busi- Typhoon Hits Osaka not more than a year, or a fine ness street, consists of eight up to Yl,OOO. While progress stories above ground and two Tiles flying, tin roofs ripped has been noted in Tokyo, little below. The money was given by off and carried away, windows change is apparent in other large Mrs. Russell Sage in memory of smashed and blown in, wind and cities. rain pouring in and making -The Church Overseas. her husband. The American Bible Society havoc inside houses, buildings began its work in Japan in 1837 and fences crashing down! Such Korean Ohristians in Japan in brief is the sketch of the storm but an agency was not estab- whose very centre struck Osaka The Union Christian Church lished until 1876. In these years about 8: 30 on September 21. for Koreans in Japan has been of service more than 13,000,000 organized, and most of the evanvolumes of the Scriptures have Down near the harbor the waves gelical denominations express rushed in sweeping boats and willingness to cooperate. been distributed and three times wreckage far inland. The conwithin the past decade the year- crete piers were destroyed, leav- There are now 45 fully organly distribution has been more ing only the iron girders standthan 900,000 copies. ing. Mud three or four feet ized churches with 18 other reg- ular meeting places and 2,288 Last year the Japan agency deep came along with the water believers. Work for young peo- ple is relatively strong with 42 employed twenty-one full-time and settled in the streets, houses Sunday schools having an enrollcolporteurs who traveled over and everywhere. Many were ment of 2,448; 54 Daily Vaca- 34,000 miles, visiting 339,063 drowned; more were killed by falling buildings, telegraph poles tion Bible Schools with some homes and institutions. Last or flying tiles from the roofs. 2,778 children in attendance; year the agency secretary, Rev. An express train from Tokyo- and 28 Christian Endeavor So- Karl E. Aurell, skillfully guided Osaka was laid on its side on cieties with a membership of the activities of the work so as the bridge crossing the Seta- 792. The Christian educational gawa, near Kyoto, when over work for Koreans includes 24 to put more entire Bibles into one hundred people were killed circulation than in any preced- or injured. In Osaka, sixty-four night schools with an enrollment of 664, and seven kindergartens ing year of the Society's history school buildings were blown with 235 children in attendance.

of Scripture distribution in Japan.

Doshisha Losses by Typhoon down, killing some eight hun- While the Korean people in Japan are for the most part very The most destructive typhoon dred children. Up to Septem- poor and often unemployed, the ever recorded in modern history ber 28, there were 1,646 deaths c h u r c h contributions totaled of Japan swept over the western reported in Osaka Prefecture Yen 13,529.00 last year. part of the country, particularly alone with 8,813 injured, missthe Osaka-Kyoto district, with -Japan Christian Quarterly. unprecedented violence on Sep- ing 316 persons. tember 21. About 3,000 men and Church property and the Ohildren's Bible Clubs women were killed; 13,000 injured; 100,000 houses demol- Church Orphanage were de- Bible Clubs for children have ished; 300 primary and second- stroyed in Osaka and the Chapel had a steady growth in the four ary school buildings collapsed. of Our Redeemer was totally de- years since their beginning. The result of investigation at the Doshisha showed: stroyed. New clubs have been formed, Fortunately, the weather that and the leaders, practically all of King Dormitory, given by whom are students of Union President King of Amherst Col- morning prevented the children Christian College and Academy lege; gymnasium, archery and from holding their Morning have developed in their leader- ship of children and in their Service in the Chapel; otherwise many would have undoubtedly been killed or inj ured.

wrestling rings of the College of Protection for Ohildren loyalty to our Bible Club spirit. Commerce; wrestling ring of The Bible Club program has its the University; bicycle cottage In October, 1933, a measure center in the now fully developed of the Middle School had col- was placed on the Statute-book Ceremonial of Worship, which lapsed; and J unka Hall and Col- in Japan which is a charter of is followed once each week in lege of Commerce were partially freedom for many children. It every Bible Club. During the collapsed, while many roof tiles reads as follows: "No child ceremonial the children sit in and windows were broken. The under 14 may be employed as a rows forming. a large square, total damage suffered at the waitress or geisha where alco- while they conduct the program Doshisha is estimated at Y93,- holic drink is being served." entirely by themselves. The Certain exceptions are per- program inc 1u des sentence 750.00.

prayers and reciting of Bible Of the native races in North GENERAL verses. Twenty to thirty lead in Borneo, of which there are prayer, and as many as fifty roughly 150, about fifty can be The Missionary Job stand and recite Bible verses. called Dyak, but the most im- The entire Club then rises and portant people are not the ab- Dr. Lewis B. Franklin, Viceas one of their number leads re- originals or Malays, but the Chipeats in unison the words of nese. One result of Christian President and Treasurer of the Luke 2: 52. work among these Chinese is that the Gospel is beginning to Episcopal National Council, told There are now fourteen Bible take root and to grow in Chinese Clubs in the city of Pyengyang soil. It is not merely that they a diocesan conference at Newwith an enrolment of over 1,500 believe in the religion of the mischildren. Similar Bible Clubs sionaries; they are beginning to port, R. I., what, in his opinion, have been organized in near-by make Christianity their own. country churches until now they is a clergyman's missionary job: number ten. The Club children -The Mission Field. carryon work for the slums and "An aroused laity can always during the past year some sixty Witchcraft in Papua bushels of grain, over two hun- manage the financial side. The dred pieces of clothing, also Mr. Russell Abel writes of the kindling wood and other neces- fearful grip of superstition upon pastor's job is not to collect sities of life, were distributed the natives of New Guinea: among the poor. They also gave money but to create atmosphere; thirteen yen and thirty-nine sen "This morning I turned from for the cause of Korean Foreign the round of pressing duties to to build a background of con- Mission work in Shantung, have a long chat with a young China. couple in great distress of mind. verted people who will support .They had been converted about a ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO year, had clutched at every op- the campaign. Members must portunity to learn more of the The Gospel in Borneo Christian life, but blackmail and be educated to share their in- the fear of sorcery had driven The first missionary sent to them into serious compromise, come rather than give of their North Borneo by the S. P. G. until at last they had lost the went out in 1887. For a time he faith that had been theirs. surplus." was the only missionary there. He used to travel hundreds of "An old sorcerer was in love In dealing with missionary miles up and down the coast with the young woman. Infurlooking after all the isolated iated by her Christian stand and sermons, Dr. Franklin laid down planters and government offi- her resistance to his perpetual cials. He made it his duty to advances, he had put them both four points of procedure: (1) visit each one of these at least under a powerful 'spell.' In once a year, enduring many Papuan eyes they were 'be- Attract Attention. (2) Arouse hardships. He once went to the witched,' and therefore as good Philippine Islands to baptize a as dead. Every native knows Interest. (3) Create Conviction. child, and Customs officers what will happen when that grim opened his baggage and confis- word is pronounced by a sor- (4) Produce Action. The parson cated his clerical collar, because cerer. 'Teacher, we would be they said he was a Protestant lying if we said we were not should (1) Visualize, (2) Perand had no right to a collar! The frightened,' said the woman. baptism had to be camouflaged 'He bewitched three members of sonalize, (3) Vitalize, (4) Dramas an afternoon party, otherwise my family and each one died.' Spanish authorities would have "Your turn next," he says.' atize. As for material, "use put a stop to it. "We laid the whole problem your sanctified imagination." This pioneer, Rev. William H. before the Lord. I told them of Elton, built the only stone church one now working for God in Read magazines, books and in Borneo; very few in the east Sidea, who had been marked are better. In 1914 he retired, down to die just as they were, pamphlets, but make them your and there has been continued who prayed, trusted, and lived, growth on the foundations he while the sorcerer who had un- own. -The Churchman. laid. There are now six pastors, dertaken to bewitch him had of whom three are European and himself died raving in our hos- Oentury of Women's Work three Chinese. A new school pital here. But the hold this has been opened at Jesselton for black magic has upon the peo- The official history of womboys, and also a school for girls. ple's minds is nothing short of en's work in the mission field is hypnotic." just a century old. It was in 1834 that the first women's mis- -Kwato Mission Tidings. sionary society was founded in response to a definite call from the field. In July of that year a number of women representing leading churches in London met in the same building where the C. M. S. had its beginning, and a committee of 24 was appointed for "Promoting Female Educa- . tion in the East." Within the first fifteen years of its history the society had some twenty women missionaries at work in India, Ceylon, China, Palestine and South Africa. Today no fewer than 526 single women and 265 married women are serving the C. M. S. – a total which is more than double that of the men on its roll.

-C. M. S. Outlook.

o Cross, how is it I can sing thy praise? Thou art like precious warmth on win- ter days! -Utsunomiyu, A Japanese Christian Leper. Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Reminiscences of Livingstonia. By drained pastors and 33,000 superstition and witchcraft, as . Robert Laws, C.M.G., M.D., D.D., Christians. A large central mis- he came into contact with them, sion station was built at Band- the peculiarities of the language, LL.D. Illus. 8 vo. 272 pp. 6 sh. awe; health conditions had the building up of the native net. Oliver and Boyd. London. greatly improved under his med- church and the extension of the ical care and sanitary work. The work into outlying districts. 1934. slave trade is no more; peace There are also chapters on other prevails among the native tribes missions and popular accounts Dr. Laws, who has been called and the mental and' spiritual of the fauna and flora of the to his reward since this book country. The book is a valuable was written, was one of the most outlook of the people has so contribution to the annals of remarkable missionaries of re- changed that they are a truly missionary history and an excent times. He spent over fifty- "new creation." "Old things are cellent companion volume to two years in Nyasaland and was passed away; behold all things "Laws of Livingstonia." greatly beloved and honored by are become new." Dr. Laws all who knew him. The story of and his associates built well on The Rainbow Bridge-A Study of his life and work, as told by W. good foundations. He not only Paganism. By John Strong New- P. Livingstone in "Laws of Liv- preached the Gospel but he lived berry. Pp. 346. $3.75. Houghton ingstonia," is one of the most it. He not only taught the peo- Mifflin. New York. 1934. stirring and noteworthy biog- ple .to read and write but he taught them carpentry, farming, In spite of its attractive title, raphies that have ever been and iron work so that many fascinating style and display of written. It is a story of heroic have become skilled mechanics, learning and documentation, this pioneering, of unswerving aim artisans, nurses, teachers and book is very disappointing. preachers. Dr. Laws never lorded and faithful service, of victory The author has a theory to over difficulties and trials, of it over the natives and did not support, namely that Totemism miracles of transformation, and do for them the things they is at the basis of the origin and spiritual harvests reaped in the development of all religion. "The lifetime of one man in one field. should learn to do for them- earliest example of religion," he selves. He endured many hard- says, "was the worship of a Robert Laws went to Nyasa- ships and suffered much sick- beast. This creed of the caveland in 1875 and was the first ness; he passed through numer- man developed into Totemism, white man to reach the north ous dangers from wild beast which circled the globe." end of Lake Nyasa. At that time tribal warfare and the slave and wild men and had some We read in the Foreword, trade were flourishing and 1,200 thrilling escapes. His life was "This tale of beasts and men and slaves were being taken across demi-gods and gods traces the the lake annually by Arab slave full of trials, sorrows and dis- history of paganism from the dealers. Raids and fighting were appointments but also of joys Stone Age to the Age of Perikles. I have undertaken to analyze the almost continuous. It was a and rewards of service. The ideas that formed the basis of wild, unhealthy, unsubdued coun- guidance and power of God were the religious cults of the cavetry. The first school was opened constantly evident. men, the Sumerians, the Chinese at Cape Maclear, on the south and Japanese, the Hindus, the end of Lake Nyasa, with no These reminiscenses are also Egyptians, the Persians, the Heequipment. The lid of a provi- brews, the Phrygians, and the sion box, held on one pupil's valuable since they give first- Greeks, and to co-ordinate these knee, with a paper on which was different racial attempts to exthe alphabet printed by hand, hand information as to the ex- ploit the supernatural, thus showing how the beliefs of the constituted the first school book. periences passed through in savage evolved into the creed of During Dr. Laws' lifetime this the most enlightened race of ansmall primitive school increased founding and building up the cient times." to 644 well organized schools in the district, with 1,347 trained great Livingstonia Missio.n. Full credit is given to Dr. Laws' asnative Christian teachers and sociates in his humble but vivid 28,330 pupils. There were also narrative of events in which he 37 native churches with 15 or- was the chief actor. Some of the most interesting and inform- ing chapters deal with African Any of the books noted in these columns wiI1 be sent bY' the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[597 ] Each of the great world reli- The Rainbow Bridge is largely lived, with but little change, gions is presented in a series of a story based on myth and im- since emancipation. The shadow chapters from this standpoint, agination. Those who know the of the old slave plantation rests but the authorities quoted do not Living Way to the Father will upon them. A few remember include those scholars that have find little help in the study of those old slavery days, and of rejected the totem-theory as other faiths from this book. these there are some who think wholly inadequate in this con- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. that they were better off then nection. The Sound of Trumpets. By Arthur than now; but most of the group The author depends mostly on T. Moore. Paper. Southern Meth- young or old, prefer their pres- odist Board, Nashville, Tenn. 1934. Reinach and Robertson Smith. ent liberty, while at the same There is scarcely a reference to This is part of an appeal to time few have escaped from clethe more recent investigations stem missionary retreat by lib- pendence upon white men and and conclusions of such men as eral giving. It has a spiritual Schmidt, LeRoy, Barton Lowie appeal, and is a challenge to new from antiquated and shiftless companionship with Christ in habits, the inheritance from. and others. troubled times, when the revival slavery. To say, as the author does, of a confident, courageous faith is the need of the hour. The The family of this section that "Totemism is the one foun- closing chapter by E. Stanley shows the blight of old slavery dation of all religious thought, Jones, gives eleven clinching days. Illegitimacy, common law arguments for the worthwhilethe aboriginal basis of every ness of Christian missions. mar ria g e, easy separation myth and cult. Survivals of it (naively called divorce) and a exist in every land. Indeed it H.H.F. general low standard .of sex was the source of social prog- morals prevail. Yet in spite of ress," is begging the question. this looseness, considerable sta- When we turn to the chapter bility in family relationships is entitled "The Tree of Knowl- Shadow of the Plantation. By Charles the rule; and on the other hand edge," we have an account of the S. Johnson. 215 pp. $2; Univer- there is much that is admirable origin of the Jewish religion in sity of Chicago Press. 1934. and even beautiful in the home which the "slips" so-called in the The author of this interesting life. No matter how tiny may Bible narrative are emphasized, and valuable study is the head be the cabin, and how little of and doubt is expressed concern- of the department of Sociology furnishings and of food there ing the historicity of the whole in Fisk University, Nashville, are within it, yet the children of the Old Testament until the Tennessee, and no one is better and grandchildren, and even time of Saul. In speaking of qualified in training and experi- nephews and nieces, are wel- Noah, Abraham, and the Patri- ence for such a research project. comed and given an ungrudging archs, the author concludes, This fact, and the further one portion of whatever there is to "And since as history these that the work was made possible share. events are wholly preposterous, by financial support from the The church and religious life while as myths they are reason- Julius Rosenwald Fund, guaran- arewhat wemight expect. Transably intelligible, there seems tees its accuracy and thorough- scripts of actual sermons and fusome ground for regarding the ness. The section chosen for this neral addresses are given by the first of the Israelites (Abraham) realistic study of Negro life in author; and one grows sad as as a humanized form of the god the deep south is a portion of he reads these, that the spiritual Macon County, Alabama, the leadership in such communities of fertility." Even in regard to Moses, we county in which Tuskeegee In- can offer nothing more to needy read, "It may be that there are stitute is located. How truly it souls; but one wonders still grains of actual fact to be found is a part of the "Black Belt" more at the conventional standin the story of Moses, but in the may be seen from the fact that ards of church life which have main the prophet, like Yima, over 82 per cent of the inhabi- crept in to the religion of these should be ranked only a little tants of Macon County are col- people. Many sins are overlower than the Yazatas. He is a ored. looked, but dancing and baseball humanized god of fertility, and In his introductory chapter are always taboo; and attacks his adventures are founded on a Prof. Johnson points out that we on them by the preacher invari- have mapped out for special ably bring fervent response. We cult." "The myth of Adam" is made study in this section, and in sim- must not forget that the intense to centre in "a miraculous apple" ilar sections all through the emotionalism of rural black (to which there is no reference Black Belt, a genuine case of folks today finds its counterpart in the Scriptures). This "apple" "folk ~ulture." The people are among the whites of a generawe are told is connected with a largely isolated. Few of those tion or two ago, and even in the whole series of Greek, Roman who go out into great world present among the more ignoand Phrygian legends, and we lying beyond their own, ever rant classes. have the astonishing conclusion come back; and this is partic- A very depressing picture is that Cain "was not a murderer, ularly true of the young who that of the economic conditions. for he was not a man. He was a find some opportunity for edu- Poverty, unrelieved poverty, god who annually died in order cation or self culture. The in- everywhere exists, partly due to habitants are living as they have the exhaustion of the land, partto restore fertility."

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ly because of the vicious finan- the struggle for religious liberty, in the lap of luxury. There was cial system which prevails. Through the latter the white and the reasons for the passing almost no money in the country man exploits the labor of the Negro, and by keeping him con- of the dissenting t r a d i t ion and none of the comforts of stantly in his debt keeps him a virtual slave. It is very evident among the churches of dissent- modern civilization. that no improvement in education and morals can be expected ing background. The church and Sunday school until this fundamental social disease finds some cure. Just One regrets that so much val- and day school all occupied the now the burden of the nation- uable historical material is pre- same building-a log structure wide depression presses down sented from an anti-evangelical with plenty of ventilation beupon these people with crushing viewpoint. The author, who is tween the logs. His memories of force. now professor of sociology in slavery, the Civil War and re- Dartmouth College, was a stu- construction days are most in- It would be a mistake to leave dent at Union Theological Sem- structive and thrilling and many the impression that there is any inary and later at Princeton. of them amusing. In 1869 he emotional propaganda in this book. It is an objective, real- He was ordained to the ministry traveled ten days to enter Washistic study, quiet in tone and of the Presbyterian Church in ington College at Lexington, Virconservative in statement; but the impressions are all the more 1896, but he has traveled far ginia, of which General Robert powerful because of this fact. away from his former faith. He E. Lee was then president. The ROBERT M. LABAREE. declares that "the doctrine that young man's impressions of this The Story of American Dissent. By the highest type of character great Christian are worth read- John M. Mecklin. 381 pp. $3.50. can only be purchased through ing. After having been gradu- Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. 1934. a vicarious atonement is rejected ated from Union Seminary, The author has discussed this both by science and democracy Richmond, and brief pastorates interesting subject with full recognition of its importance. as psychologically absurd and in North Carolina, and other He has delved deeply into the history of the numerous dissents immoral" (p. 365), and that southern centers, Mr. Chester that have affected religious thought in America, and has col- A mer i can Protestantism is was elected Secretary of the Exlected a large and varied amount of information regarding them. "handicapped" by "an outworn ecutive Committee for Foreign While he describes the dissent that has arisen in and against and impossible supernaturalism" Missions of the Presbyterian many denominations, he devotes special attention to the Baptist, (p. 370): ,He vouchsafes the Church, with headquarters at Methodist and Presbyterian bodies, which he classes "among opinion that the churches which Nashville, Tennessee. This post the most powerful sources of moral and spiritual energy in perpetuate it "present today the he occupied for thirty-two years. this country." He adds: tragic spectacle of great organi- After 1893 his experiences were A little more than a century and a half ago these denominations, which zations with wealth and numbers varied-traveling in China, Konow compose forty per cent of all adult church members and two-thirds and responsibilities but without rea and Japan in 1897, when of all Protestants, were despised dissenting minorities in the powerful col- great living traditions, without travel was more difficult than toonies of Massachusetts and Virginia. . . . . . . The Baptists and Methodists, any real insight into modern life day, a visit to Brazil in 1901 and who were beaten and banished in Massachusetts, buffeted and ridiculed in and no great consuming enthu- journeys north and south, east Virginia, have become great conservative churches which in the prohibition siasms" (page 371). and west over the American concontroversy arrogated to themselves the right to control the conscience of Such statements, and others tinent; to Europe in 1920 and the nation. How are we to explain that might be cited, indicate a· 1925; wrestling with various this profound transformation? biased mind and a lack of fa- administrative and missionary miliarity with the Protestantism problems in the Congo and else- He answers this question in a of today, rather surprising in where. series of chapters' in which he one who professes to be a his- The book is a collection of indiscusses the various factors that torian. One may sympathize teresting recollections and congave rise to the dissenting with his criticisms of certain re- tacts with many well-known groups, the part they played in actionary groups, but we know and little – known characters. of no "great" denominational Here we find a wisdom and phi- "organizations" to which the losophy, rich experience and a sentences quoted above jointly keen sense of humor, together with charming Southern cour- apply. ARTHUR J. BROWN. tesy that make the reading de- Memories of Four Score Years-An lightful and rewarding. Dr.

Autobiography. By Samuel Hall Chester and his wife are charac- Chester, D.D. Illus. 8 vo. 235 pp. ters worth knowing. They are $2.00. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, Richmond, Va. intensely human and at the same time reveal their spirit of sacri- Few lives of such active, va- ficial service and their Christ- ried and effective service cover a like nobility of character. period of eighty years. Dr.

Chester was born in Arkansas Education of Primitive People. By on January 17, 1851, and experi- Albert D. Helser. Illustrated. 8 vo.

enced all the hardships of pio- 316 pp. $3.00. Fleming H. Revell. neer days when wild Indians and New York. 1934.

wild animals were plentiful. The real value of this book is Samuel Chester was not coddled apt to be lost if the reader allows

himself to be swayed by first im- C h r i s t ian experience, are There is a distinct assertion of pressions. The extravagant matched by an excellent English the essential relation of Jesus claims made for the author by style, possibly sharpened by his and His religion: "Jesus is more the writer of the Foreword do knowledge of more than one In- than the founder of the Christian not predispose the judicious stu- dian tongue. The book makes religion; He is the Christian redent to take the whole book very easy reading but leaves its im- ligion." In the same vein he seriously. This is greatly to be pression on the reader. The writes: "Social progress requires regretted for not only is the sub- many characters and movements individual regeneration ….. At ject of first importance to the described often run over into the the heart of social programs lies missionary and educator, but it Christian field. Pandita Rama- the requirement of a moral and is treated here in such a fashion bai and Sundar Singh came out religious process transforming as to compel attention and awake from Hinduism while "Praying admiration. In fact, those who John Hyde" was never in it, but the personal life of the individlook around for Dr. Helser's each received influences from the ual." The work is well documonument will best find it in his religious conditions of India mented for further investigaown work as here presented. which doubtless affected life tion. CLELAND B. McAFEE. deeply. Dr. Griswold writes Similarly, the far too exten- widely from personal acquaint- Biblical Backgrounds. By J. McKee sive use of long quotations in the ance with Gandhi, Vivekananda, Adams, Ph.D. Maps and Illus. 800 opening chapters should not be Sundar Singh, Tagore and oth- pp. $3.75. Baptist Sunday School taken as evidence that Dr. Hel- ers. He gives an account of the Board. Nashville, Tennessee. 1934. ser has no opinions of his own. rise and disappearance of Krish- He has plenty of them, and they namurti, the youth whom Mrs. Sunday-school teachers, pasare as thoroughly worth study- Besant picked out as the next tors and other Bible students ing as those of some whose writ- world-teacher. Of these twen- will find this a very useful comings he quotes. But Dr. Helser, ty-three chapters, seventeen are pendium of valuable information although he abounds in love, cer- devoted to separate movements about Bible lands and peoples, tainly does not speak with the of Hinduism and four to various especially ·their geography and tongues of angels, and sometimes Christian characters in India. history. It contains twenty-five not with those of men. On the Probably nowhere could as much maps and about one hundred contrary he relies too often on information regarding Hindu excellent photographic illustramodern catch-phrases and, after movements be found in one vol- tions. The studies are taken up pulling his drag-net through a ume. CLELAND B. McAFEE. geographically in fourteen chapsea of words is apt to pick out ters in the order in which they very queer fish. The W orId Mission of the Christian are related to Bible history; Religion. By Wade Crawford Bar- from ancient Mesopotamia to the But the real merit of the book clay. 12 mo. 301 pp. $1.25. Cokes- Rome and Greece of New Testalies elsewhere. Here we have bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. 1934. ment times. The volume is well concrete examples, and many of documented and indexed. Dr. them, of how the soul of a prim- This volume of the Standard Adams, professor of Biblical Initive community can be nour- Training Series, is intended for struction in the Southern Bapished and developed, of how the class use but is well adapted to tist Theological Seminary at shadowy longings of the African individual study. Dr. Barclay Louisville, Kentucky, endeavors heart can be helped to concrete presents twelve studies in the very successfully to set before expression in terms of immedi- actual program of the Christian us, in a nonpartisan spirit, the ate local significance. At Gar faith in dealing with Society, results of his careful study of Rida in Nigeria they are doing Inter-racial, Economic, and In- the background of Bible history. some of those things of which ternational Relationships, Servothers have only dreamed. We ice for Youth and Childhood and Back of the Mountain. By Mary are grateful to learn how they Mankind as a whole. He closes are doing them, and to verify with an encouraging chapter on Brewster Hollister. 155 pp. $1.25. once more that the job of the the hope for a Christlike world. actor lies not in the study of the His point of view may be taken Fleming H. Revell. New York. part but in the action. from this sentence: 1934.

KENNETH G. GRUBB. No longer is the Christian mission The author of "Mai-Dee of the exclusively or even predominantly Insights into Modern Hinduism. By thought of in terms of the geograph- Mountains," who writes on life Hervey DeWitt Griswold. 12 mo. ical expansion of Christianity, In- in China, has the happy gift of 288 pp. $2. Henry Holt & Co., stead it is primarily interpreted in portraying living personalities, New York. 1934. terms of the domination of the Chris- tian spirit and Christian ideals in the describing the historical back- No one could be better fitted relationships of parent with children, ground, and of linking up misthan Dr. Griswold to furnish the of neighbor with neighbor, of employer sionary problems with presentmaterial of this book. His long with employee, of owner with tenant, day conditions. service in India, his habits as a of seller with buyer, of one racial scholar, his intimate knowledge group with another within the same While in no wayan outstandof the individuals and move- community, of nation with nation, of ments of Indian life, his rich race with race, of one Christian group ing book, the story has sufficient with another, of the Christian religion with non-Christian religions. touch of romance to make it ac- ceptable to young readers, and enough regard for serious facts to command the interest of a stu- dent of affairs. H. H. F.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Unkulunkulu in Zululland. By An- analyzed as to time and place, Soviet regime, is thrillingly in- drew Burgess. Illustrated. 8vo. personnel, message and objec- teresting and dramatic, yet 259 pp. $1.00. Board of Foreign tive. It would be well if every simply told and convincing. Missions, Norwegian L u the ran missionary and every Christian There seems to be no effort to Church. Minneapolis. 1934. would study it to find his own make the picture as bad as pos- place in God's program for the sible but it presents conclusive Unkulunkulu-"The G rea t world. While the epistles do evidence that one cannot look Great"-is the Zulu name for not quote the Great Commis- for liberty, mercy or justice in the Creator of the world. But sion, they are the result of obe- Soviet Russia today. The rulers these people believe that the dience to it. are doubtless engaged in a great creator has forgotten man and experiment to make Russia a has left him to his own de- Excavating Kirjath-Sepher's Ten s t ron g, independent, self-supvices. Mr. Burgess has gathered Cities. By Melvin Grove Kyle, D.D. porting country. But power is in this volume many very illu- 8vo. 203 pp. $2.50. Wm. B. in the hands of a small group, minating facts in regard to the Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand which is supposed to represent pagan Zulus-their religious be- Rapids, Mich. 1934. the laboring classes. According liefs and traditions, their sacri- to this and other reports of eyefices, worship, witch-doctors and This is the last contribution witnesses, the experiment has customs. He gives a brief his- on Biblical archeology by the so many faults that radical tory of the Zulu race, a vivid late Dr. Kyle. It relates to dis- changes are necessary before it picture of life in their native coveries from 1926 to 1932 in can succeed. Some changes are kraals and some results of Kirjath-Sepher (Book Town) being made-such as the propa- Christian mission work. Two and in various other cities of ganda of falsehood, the deparmaps and eighty other illustra- Palestine. Much light is thrown ture from extreme communism tions help to visualize the story. on Canaanite life and religion, and lessening the power of the The information is somewhat on the period of the Judges and Ogpu or secret police-but the sketchy but it is an exception- Kings of Israel and on dates of Soviet attitude toward the inally readable book. While the Biblical events. The sixteen telligencia, toward religion and mission work described is Lu- pages of illustrations help to il- personal freedom must change theran, everyone interested in luminate the text. An index of if Soviet Russia is to survive. Zulus and in Christian progress places, discoveries and Biblical among them will find the whole references would give it added Mrs. Tchermavin vividly picvolume full of valuable informa- value. tures her own sufferings, detion. There is no index. scribes the despotic and cruel In the Cauldron of Russia. An Auto- tribunals, and tells of many Them Also. By Mary W. Booth. biography by I. S. Prokhanoff. friends killed or exiled without Illustrated. 8vo. 254 pp. 3s. 6d. Illustrated. 8vo. 270 pp. $1.50. any trial or proven wrongdoing. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1934. All-Russian Evangelical Christian The story is divided into two Union. New York. 1934. parts-(l) trials, imprisonment A missionary of the Zenana and exile, and (2) the escape Bible and Medical Mission for Here is a story of Russia from into Finland in 1933. While this over a quarter of a century de- 1869 to 1933, from inside per- does not give the whole story of scribes here the triumphs of sonal knowledge. The author the Russian experiment and its Christ among women and girls was for many years the leading results, the book is well worth in Gorakhpur, United Provinces, evangelical Christian pastor in reading for the author wins con- India. Questions are answered Russia, being founder and pres- fidence as to her truthfulness. that puzzle many missionaries; ident of the All-Russian Evanproblems are solved in answer gelical Un ion. He suffered Kidnapping the Constitution. By Mrs. to prayer; stories are told of under the Tzars, persevered, Lucy W. Peabody. 12mo. 110 pp. transformations and of Christ- and was highly respected, and Boards, 40 cents. N. A. Lindsey & like service. These pages show now is in exile in America. He Co. Marblehead, Mass. 1934. clearly that the work of faith, tells his life story, describes the labors of love and patience of conditions in Russia at various Lawlessness has been on the hope are abundantly rewarded. periods, shows present needs increase and few seem to realize Here is a record of loving devo- and future hopes. The interest- where America is drifting. Mrs. tion in the care of the neglected ing information breeds deep Peabody, the de v 0 ted and children of India. As the girls sympathy for the suffering Rus- powerful advocate of "Christian grow to young womanhood they sians, especially for evangelical missions" and for "law enforceare trained to care for babies Christians. ment" makes a strong case and young children in the Name against the repeal of the Eightand Power of Christ. Escape from the Soviets. By Tatiana eenth Amendment. She calls to Tchermavin. Translated from the mind the birth of the Constitu- The Great Commission. By Henry Russian by N. Alexander. 8vo. tion, its defenders and the ef- W. Frost. Pamphlet. 25 cents. 320 pp. $2.50. E. P. Dutton. New forts to nullify it. The time has China Inland Mission. Phila- York. 1934. come to teach all American citi- delphia, Pa. 1934. zens and their children to re- This extraordinary f act u a I spect the Constitution and the Christ's Great Commission to record of the experiences of an His apostles is here defined and intelligent Russian woman, her husband and son, under the

laws of the land and to lead to believe in the deity of Christ, Second Hand. By Emma Gerberding them to think straight on moral the professor replied that the Lippard. 157 pp. Cloth, 75 cents. questions. This book will help student was reversing the nato restore the sense of national tural order, that he (the pro- United Lutheran Publication House, responsibility and shows the fessor) could not believe in God Philadelphia. 1934. basis of national strength. at all if he did not believe in Christ. Dr. Fisher's sermons are Here is a story of mission Women of the Old Testament and written in excellent English, and work in Japan that is of inter- Women of the New Testament. contain eloquent passages and est, both as an entertaining ro- 2 Vol. By Abraham Kuyper. quotations that indicate wide mance and as an answer to some Translated by Prof. Henry Zylstra. reading; but the argument of the criticisms raised in "Re- Paper 60 cents each. Zondervan would be more conclusive if he thinking Missions." Painted in- Pub. House. Grand Rapids, Mich. had presented more fully Christ's to the background is a vivid por- 1934. teachings regarding God. trayal of Japan of today. A young graduate of an American Dr. Kuyper, a famous Dutch A.J.B. statesman, Biblical scholar, and divinity school decides not to be author of "The Work of the God and the World. By J. T. Maw- ordained, but to teach English Holy Spirit," gives us eighty son. 144 pp. Cloth, 18. Pickering in Japan without any church brief sketches of women of the & Inglis, London. 1934. board connections, and with a Bible. They are reverent, valu- friendly sharing, equality, brothable and suggestive studies, Each of the 16 chapters enwholly Biblical and suited for deavor to analyze John 3: 16 erhood aim. His contacts with class discussion. Some of the which has been called "the Bible missionaries, his first-hand characters are unfamiliar, like in Miniature"; and help to show knowledge of their sacrificial Ada and Zillah, Jeroboam's wife its universal application to the service and ability to grapple and Azenath. Others are well needs of mankind. H. H. F. known. with a tangled situation, grad- A Chaplain in India. By G. M. ually make him feel the empti- Can I Know God? By Frederick B. Davies. Illus. 8 vo. 320 pp. 58. Fisher. 12 mo. 140 pp. $1.00. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. ness in his own motives and he Harpers. New York. 1934. 1934. comes finally to an overwhelm- ing desire, not to express him- One opens this little book with This chaplain, who here relarge expectation, for the title cords his memories, lives a use- self nor to help in a material suggests a helpful discusison of ful life and served his fellow way, but to give the light of the a vital theme and the author was countrymen in India for twenty- glory of God in Christ to all formerly a missionary bishop of one years. It is not only of inthe Methodist Episcopal Church, terest but reveals the opportuni- men. H.H.F. and later pastor of a large ties and importance of a British church in Ann Arbor, Michigan. chaplain's life. There are also Annals of an Indian Parish. By Ste- Of the ten chapters, only five are many sidelights on India and the phen Neill. 68 pp. Paper, 18. related to the title, the others Indians. The author worked in Church Missionary Society, London. being short sermons or various Bareilly, Sangor, Missoorie, 1934. unrelated topics. The first five Muttra, Kasauli, Amritsar, Nagchapters are captioned: Is There pur and elsewhere and describes Three years ago a missionary a God? What Is God Like? Can not only his experiences as chap- was required to take over from I Know God? Is Christianity lain but tells of work for the an Indian pastor temporary True? and, Is One Religion As Gouds, the prisons, in theaters, charge of a country parish. Thus Good As Another? We confess at melas. He writes of mission- he was brought very close to the to some aversion for the inter- ary unity, the Soldiers' Christian inner life of an Indian church, rogative phrasing of s u c h Association, earthquakes and and this book is a record of his themes. This was the method temperance work. The record is experiences. The purpose of the of the devil in the Garden of a simple narrative of personal narrative is to prove that the Eden, when he wished to create rat her detailed experiences work is not finished when conunbelief. We are puzzled, too, which will be of special interest verts are made, and that the care by the author's answers. The to the narrator and his friends. of the Christian Church, situmost effective approach, through ated as it is in the midst of Christ and His revelation of Life Indeed: The Victorious Life in superstitions and nonchristian God, he practically ignores and Four Aspects. By J. Russell How- standards and ideals is a task treats the problems as if they den. 12 mo. 133 pp. 28. 6d. Pick- calling for rare wisdom and pacould be worked out by means ering & Inglis. Glasgow. tience. of reason without the light thrown upon them by the Bible These chapters, along Keswick Liang A-Fa. By George Hunter Mcand the great Teacher. When lines, deal with repentance, con- Neur. 123 pp. Paper, 75 cents. a theological student told Pro- secration, faith and the Holy Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, fessor Bailey that he found it Spirit. They are by the Vicar of Shanghai. 1934. easy to believe in God but hard St. Peter's Church, Tunbridge Wells, and are clear cut, spir- Liang A-Fa was a colleague Qf itual expositions of truth. Dr. Robert Morrison, first Prot- estant missionary to China. The story of his life and work is a continuation of the Book of Acts of the Apostles. Of him a vet- eran missionary of the London Missionary Society said: "To

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

faith and patience, carried to the and both are working together tory of the organization and in- plane of martyrdom, there was along three lines, physical, intel- cludes a list of duties of its of- added versatility of gifts and lectual and spiritual. The closing ficers and suggestions for methgraces that translates Christi- chapter pleads for a strengthen- ods of work. H. H. F.

anity into Chinese life, and uses ing of the work at this crucial Epistle Message: Sermons from Ad- vent to Trinity Sunday by Seven every gift and grace for its dif- stage. H. H. F. Ministers of the Lutheran Church. Edited by Herman F. Miller. 8 vo. fusion." De'ep Snow. An Indian Story. By 252 pp. $1.50. United Lutheran C. Kuipers. 152 pp. $1.00. Paper, Publication House. Philadelphia. Whatever the reason, Mr. 60 cents. Zondervan Publishing 1933. House, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1934. Liang was gradually forgotten; These thirty-seven sermons by This story, bound together by seven ministers are based on until a few years ago, even the a thread of romance, pictures texts and thoughts in the Letters the traditions, the background of of St. Paul, St. Peter and St. Chinese Christian Church knew James. They are thoughtful superstitious rites and ceremo- rather than unique, spiritual but nothing of him, when a strange nials of the Zunis and Navajos not popular in style. They deal in Arizona and New Mexico. It with such topics as hope, joy, the coincidence led to the discovery shows also the impact of Chris- coming of Christ, the glory of tian mission schools upon the God, worship, boasting, holiness, of his grave in 1918. Interest eager, spirited boys and girls religion and Pentecost.

in the remarkable pioneer began who respond to what is good in Ways That Are Dark. By Ralph the white man's way. The thrill- Townsend. 8 vo. 336 pp. $3.00. to revive, with the result that a ing romance, with a tang as pure G. P. Putman's Sons. New York. 1933. Chinese biography was pub- as mountain air, is a vivid por- trayal of certain phases of life "The Truth About China," the lished in 1930. In response to in the great Southwest. secondary title to this volume, is a misnomer. As is stated by a many requests the story is here H.H.F. review in the New Y.ork Times, the volume is "a long way from told in English. H. H. F. the whole truth about China," the author has had very limited Fresh Springs. By Phyllis L. Gar- contact with the Chinese, in time and area, and his views are evi- lick. 127 pp. Paper, 18. Church dently the result of inadequate Missionary Society, London. 1934. knowledge and immature judg- ment. He sees through smoked The story of the C. M. S. for Some Experiments in Living. By glasses so that he pictures the the year 1933. A very logical Peter Ainslie. 190 pp. $2.00. As- "ways that are dark" in very arrangement of topics is fol- sociation Press, 347 Madison Ave., somber hues and presents an in- New York. 1933. dictment of the whole Chinese lowed in this report of the C. race without discrimination. M. S. work for 1933 in various The Protestant pastor, who de- Authors long resident in China, bated with Judge Ben Lindsey such as Julian Arnold, Putnam fields. The author has developed on companionate marriage a few Weale, George Sokolsky, Henry the theme under the titles: years ago, candidly gives his Springs of Freedom in Africa; views, based on personal experi- Springs of Friendship in the ence in concrete cases, upon the practical possibility of applying Near East; Springs of Service the principle of Christian brothin India; Springs of Courage in erhood as a cure for social in- China; Springs of Hope in Ja- justice, interracial hatred, war, pan. family discord and church unity. The book is a record of thought- Binding the story together as fully worked out experiments in making Christ's teaching real in a whole is the central purpose everyday living, and is a chal- lenge to others to carry thesethat renewed inspiration be sought in the mutual discovery of fresh springs in Jesus Christ for renewing both society and the individual, and for the mis- sionary as well as the new con- vert. H. H. F.

Glimpses of Uganda. By K. M. E. experiments still farther in a Hodgkin, Joseph Bau, J. R. Lillingston. 73 pp. – – . Church reconstructed society. "Every Saunders, Edward Williams and Missionary Society, London. 1934. individual," the author asserts, others offer a good corrective to This brief record of impres- "who works toward abolition of these sketchy snap-judgments of sions, by one deeply interested the world's wrongs and the lib- one who has evidently little acin the development of the Native eration of inborn hopes and quaintance or sympathy with his Anglican Church in Uganda, ideals, is in so far a follower of subject. The Chinese Christian clearly shows the contrast be- Jesus. Human experience holds Student (published in America) tween conditions when East no finer romance than in follow- describes this volume as "the Africa was opened to the mis- ing Him." H. H. F. new low among books that pre- sionary and what we see at The New Why and How of Woman's tend to give the 'low down' about present. Missionary Union. By Wilma Ge- China."

The African of today is de- neva Bucy. 118 pp. Paper, – – . Chinese Ethical Ideals. By Rev. termined to get an education, Frank Rawlinson, M.A., D.D. Coland insists that it shall be defi- Southern Baptist Sunday School lege of Chinese Studies, Peiping, Board. Nashville, Tenn. 1934.

nitely Christian. Willing to meet A revision of a first edition China. 1934.

this demand, the government is which appeared in 1928, with The author's studies of China's cooperating with the missions, new material added. It is a his- literary, social and religious life

were conducted through a series While "virtuous living for the China Year Book. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 854 pp. $12.50. of years in preparation of lec- common weal" appears to have University of Chicago Press. Chitures to foreign students of the been ideally the summum bonum cago. Chinese language and culture. of the sages, yet it became so Discussions we r e had with choked by the loyalties of family The Church Controversy in Germany. groups of Chinese to clarify his Anders Nygren. 115 pp. 28. 6d. and clan as to prevent its bloom- Student Christian Movement Press.

own thinking. While the book ing into a nation- and world- London.

concerns itself chiefly with Chi- blessing philanthropy. Good and Deeds of Daring. Archer Wallace. nese ethical ideals and values, it evil are the voluntary acts of na- 97 pp. $1.00. Harpers. New York.

deals also with their relation to tures all good by birth, the good Digest of the Presbyterian Church of the several "religions" of China. to be rewarded, the evil pun- Chosen-1934. Compiled by Charles The author believes that, though ished, either in this life or an- Allen Clark. 196 pp. Christian Lit- Confucianism is an ethical phi- other. Canons of virtue include erature Society. Seoul, Korea. E pis cop a I Church-Heritage of losophy, religiously rather ag- not merely most of the Old Tes- American Christian. Theo. St. nostic, though modern Taoism is tament code, but also many orig- Clair Will. 135 pp. $1.50 cloth; a compl~x of demonistic super- $1.00 paper. Morehouse Pub. Co. inating in the gross superstitions Milwaukee. stition, and though Buddhism of polytheism. Most Chinese was originally atheistic and later have an idea of some sort of fu- Financial Recovery for the Local polytheistic, yet, in the words of ture life. Those who look for Church. Julius Earl Crawford. 202 a modern Chinese critic, "Reli- "salvation,"-hardly known by pp. $1.00. Cokesbury Press. Nashgion has exercised immense that name,-expect to attain it ville. History of the Korean Mission, Prespower over the Chinese people." through ethical striving or per- byterian Church, U. S. A. 1884-1934. Tho ugh very pragmatic in sonal appeasing, not through Harry A. Rhodes, Ed. 673 pp. any atoning Saviour. Modern $2.00. Revell. New York and thought and life, yet the prac- scientific thought has destroyed Chosen Mission, Seol, Korea. tical and the mystical exist side by side, and the one "religion" for many scholars the idea of im- Margaret King's Vision. Mrs. Howhich seems to be surviving and mortality. ward Taylor. 165 pp. $1.00. China reviving at present is the mys- The little book's discussion of Inland Mission. Philadelphia. tical Buddhism, which, however, "Spirit and Matter," "Person- ality Values," and "How Far are o Carry Me Back. E. A. Bland. 317 after the example of Christian- Men Equal?" should prove of inity, is developing its social side. terest to ethical philosophers, pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Chinese thought has been more London. and somewhat less so to theoloinclined than that of the West to gians. For students of Missions, The Pageant of Chinese Historyseparate religion from ethics, in view of China's greatly dimin- From 3000 B. C. to Founding of the regarding relations with men as Republic. Elizabeth Seegar. $3.00. 386 pp. Longman's Green. New m 0 r e immediately important York. than hazily conceived relations ished reverence for her own an- Pablo and Petra-A Boy and Girl of cient culture, the interest will Mexico. Milicent H. Lee. $1.50. with deities generally feared and also be largely historic, yet well 152 pp. Crowell. New York. auueased rather than loved and repay perusal. obeyed. Religion in the Highlands. Elizabeth COURTENAY H. FENN. R. Hooker. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Council. New York. 1933. The author seems hardly justi- Recent Developments in German fied in giving practically the Rainbow Bridge. By Florence Cran- Protestantism. Otto Piper. 159 pp. nell Means. 152 pp. Cloth, $1.50. 48. S. C. M. London. Christian content of "love" to Paper, 75 cents. Friendship Press, the "jen" of Confucius and other New York. 1934. The Rockefeller Foundation-Annual sages, which scarcely went be- Report. 477 pp. Rockefeller Founyond the idea of "good-will," or This book written for children dation. New York. under twelve years, will be en- "humanity," with un-Christian joyed by all interested in seeing The Story of American Dissent. limitations, and is often little the races brought into a broth- John M. Mecklin. 381· pp. $3.50. more than the "cosmic urge" or Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. erly understanding. The "Rain- "vital impUlse." The worship of bow Bridge" is a miniature gar- Sally J o. Zenobia Bird. 216 pp. the temples and of the ancestors $1.50. Revell. New York. den ina dish, made by two has emphasized self-s e e kin g homesick Japanese children in Sadhu Sundar Singh. C. F. Andrews. rather than devotion. 205 pp. $2.00. Harpers. New York. America and comes to have a The chapter on "The Ethical special meaning for all the chil- Arabia and the Bible. James A.· Values of Micius" affords an ex- dren in the neighborhood, sig- Montgomery. 208 pp. $2. Uni- nifying a bond between their versity of Pennsylvania Press. cellent introduction to a moral varying interests and problems:- Philadelphia, Pa. reformer most worthy of attention, probably the highest of the H.H.F. Yasu-Bo and Ishi-Ko-A Boy and Girl of Japan. Phyllis Ayer Sow- Confucian school, yet among the New Books ers. 142 pp. $1.50. Crowell. New least well known. To him York. "Heaven" seemed more real and personal, and "mutual love" ap- Negro-White Adjustment: An Inproarhed most nearly to the Boy and Girl Tramps of America. vestigation and Analysis of Methods Christian concept. Thomas Minehan. 267 pp. $2.50. in the Interracial Movement in the Farrar & Rinehart. New York. United States. 272 pp. $3.00. Association Press. New York.

Notes HELP Feed the Hungry educated in Philadelphia, and

Clothe the Naked her husband, went to the West Africa Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery Presbyterian Mission in 1928. With the well-known and well-loved author, China's millions threatened with famine. him she covered thousands of miles on educator and religious leader, died in A desolate stricken land nfts appealing the bush path and over the jungle Summit, N. J., at the home of her hands. trails. During the short time she was daughter, Mrs. George F. Simon, on at work in the Cameroun country she October 18th. She was the widow of For seventeen years the Home Of One· was privileged to see many evidences William A. Montgomery, of Rochester, siphorus, largest Christian orphanage in the of better living, and of freedom from N. Y., and was born seventy-three Orient, has been saving lives and preach~ fear of enemies, evil spirits, disease years ago in Kingsville, Ohio. After ing the G06pel. We cannot meet the de· and other curses. teaching in Philadelphia she married mands on us unless you and other loving and later became an ordained minister Christians send us aid. Mrs. Mary C*ary* Da*vis, formerly a in the Baptist Church, and spent her time traveling,· writing and speaking Our work cares also for infirm adults Methodist missionary to India, died at in the interest of Christian missions and maintains a Christian school for grow- her home in New York City on Sept. and deeper spiritual experience. ing youth-sustained solely by faith. Aid 7, at 90 years of age. Mrs. Davis us with your prayers and gifts. We ap· went to India in 1876 as a missionary From 1913 to 1924 she was Presi- peal to you for help in this work of of the W. F. M. S., and married Rev. dent of the Woman's Baptist Foreign Christ's mercy. Franklin G. Davis there in 1880. Mission Society. She also served as President of the Federation of Wom- Write for free booklet "Helping China's Shirts and Sheets an's Boards of Foreign Missions from Helpless" and illustrated catalog of hand 1917 to 1918. embroidered luncheon sets, dresser scarfs, or, ANTI-SEMITISM, handkerchiefs, etc.-artistic hand work of Mrs. Montgomery's mission study our orphans who are learning to support A PRESENT.DAY SIGN OF THE books and her new translation of the themselves. Address: FIRST MAGNITUDE I New Testament have had a wide circulation. She was a very effective HOME OF ONESIPHORUS By LOUIS S. BAUMAN, D.O. speaker at Chautauqua and at other conferences and schools of missions. American Office ONE OF ~ FACTS OF Drawer 6, 3131 Lincoln Avenue, *** THE MOST . THE MOST Chical'o, Illinois Rev. James S. Barr, D.D. died at Location of Home and Mission: TaiaH, TALKED OF ~ STARTLING New Wilmington, Pennsylvania, on October 12, 1934, being almost 102 Shantung, China BOOKLETS . NATURE years old. He was born at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, on December 22, Dr. D. Duncan Main, founder of IN PRINT! SET FORTH! 1832, was educated in Jefferson Col- the C. M. S. Hospital in Hangchow, lege (Washington and Jefferson), died recently in England. He retired 15c ea.; 2 for 25c.; 51.25 per doz. Allegheny Seminary and Jefferson in 1927 after 45 years of service in Medical College and with his wife, China, but to the end he was busy in Post Paid. Stamps Accepted Mary Black Barr, he sailed for India the task of holding the interest of old in 1861, as a missionary of the United friends and securing new ones for the 10 PROPHETIC STUDY MORE TIMELY! Presbyterian Church. When they work at Hangchow. reached Sialkot, Dr. Barr found one ORDER YOUR COpy TODAY I congregation with nine communicant Mr. A. Huds*on *Br*oomhall, Treasmembers and a mission composed of ALAN S. PEARCE three missionaries and two ordained urer in China of the China Inland Dept. W. 1925 E. Filth SI., LONG BEACH, CALIF. Indian ministers. He lived to see a Mission, died at Shanghai, August 18, Presbyterian church of 44,579 mem- from typhoid fever. Mr. Broomhall, I If you use bers in 116 congregations, organized whose father was General Secretary as a synod with six presbyteries. of the C. I. M. in its early days, gave PRINTING When Mrs. Barr died in 1905, Dr. fifty years of valued service to Barr returned to America, but as long Christ's cause in China. The first few YOU will profit from an acas he lived, his heart was in India. years were spent in Shansi and Chih- quaintanceship with us. We li (now Hopei). During this period do the job complete in our own USED CUTS he opened the station of Twailu, liv- plant, whether it be large or ing alone in an inn for many months. small. Plates and half tone illus- Subsequently he was set apart for the business work of the Mission in Che- While our specialty is Books, trations used in THE foo, Kiukiang, Hankow and Chung- Maga:tines and Pamphlets, yet king. we have a variety of modern MISSIONARY REVIEW equipment to meet all the re- *** quirements of your particular during the past two years job. You will find our service Margaret Douglas Lewis, M.D., prompt, careful and courteous. for sale from 25 cents up, missionary in India under the Meth- odist Board since 1900, died in Madras Will you allow us to estimate plus postage. JUly 22, of endocarditis. on your next printing? We be- lieve you will be delighted with The Missionary Review *** our product, price and service. of the World Mrs. Irvin W. Underhill, a Presby- The EVANGELICAL PRESS THIRD AND REILY STREETS terian Colored missionary to West Af- rica, died September 24. She was Print…. of HARRISBURG, PA. The Mi..ionary Revie", of the World Sunday School Supplies PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Third and Reily Str.ets Harrlsburs, Pa. SOUIld, SI'I/7111111 ~OIlS of'1IIe 1?11~I~ODI~:~II~II~1 .h/O7rlue/!rDnenoonmDliHqIulio/n~s II

-il"' ""' ".. " .. .-

OIIOlrNETEEN cDonayturtiheisrtisy~afopuerrimodoroef time that most of us find dillicult to visualize. On Christmas than nineteen hundred years will have passed since f ___ Jesus Christ came into the World. Though He lived so long ago and though His span ! of earthly life was only thirty~three years, He is th e most o utst apnrdiviinlgegcehs aorfa cCtherriso~f : history. Yet millions who have lived in remote places, c ut off from the I tian teaching and training, do not know Him as a Living Lord and Saviour. For them, j ~ , Christmas will be as meaningless as an anni versary of some heathen god on a south sea , island is to us.

i 1'1r<t::<5IIHtEhrseeetthleumndernetdoyf eAamrseargicoa. by civilized peoples of tbe old world began a little over ..J century and a half later. FWoretyb~eocnaemyeeaa r sr eacfotgenr itzheed nation a few years more tohfanIn~a signing of the Declaration f dependence, the American Sunday School Union began the task of taking the Bible and the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the pioneers who were rapidly spreading across the un~ if known areas of the Mississippi Valley and the farther West. The first Sunday School be~ yond the Father of Waters was founded in Kansas by one of our missionaries.

1'1r.<t.::<J5IIOfiDcroaAmuYnbdonererdaetrhrlyetofciabvreoerdtobefor.uosuaArnndmaiUrsmsnioyionoanfriSoesvu.enrdTaoyhneeSychhduoonotdlsrtehaderelaainnnddoffporeorntmyticothololaiusntsatronudrcaotlaeAastcmhaeenrrd-s and students is enrolled for the regular study of the Bible as God's Revealed Word each Lord's Day. Eight hundred and four Daily Vacation Bible Schools were conducted last summer. Ten Young People's Bible Conferences provided mountain~top experiences for rural young people in various parts of the land. Three years ago only one such conference II<::5was conducted under the auspices of this Society. Next year we hope to have twenty~five. 'rc<. rOUSANDS of denominational churches in existence today hyaedarththeiirrtOy~ritgwioDchinurlcithteles ~ , Union Sunday Schools organized by our missionaries. Last , ..J grew out of our work and were turned over to the official bodies of the denomina~ ~ tions selected by popular choice. No other organization has done more to foster , , and aid the cause of organized Christianity in America. j~ Il i 110 ill ill experience, non-sectarian in principle, true to the Bible and always evangel- , istic in spirit and effort, we continue to exalt Christ as a Divine Savior, as we sow i II; a; ~~ the seed of God's Revealed Word.more many thousands of boys tahnedogldirlbsaacnkdrooalddesroffoAlkmeIirv~- • II"RISTMAS will mean back to the mountains and along ing out on the prairies, in j , ica, because of this tremendously important work. Christmas will mean more to you, if you decide to have at least a small share in this work. No church or Sun~ ; day School in town or city, no man or woman living in the larger centers, has ever known X r, IIanything but added joy and blessing, through gifts sent to help us in this task. No other if religious organization administers these gifts more carefully and effectively than does our Society. They are regarded as a sacred trust. j X if THE Spirit bas prompted you to regard your material possessions in the light of • , Christian Stewardship, ask His guidance in the matter of making a contribution to this needy work among Hthe otherwise unreached" millions in rural America. A j year's subscription to the field magazine, The Sunday~School Missionary, will be j credited to you, following the receipt of your gift. j j Address any of our District Offices as listed below, or j The Department of Missions—THE AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION j 1816 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

189 W. Madison St., Chicago, 111. 1119 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.

508 I. N. B. Bldg., Des Moines, Iowa. 1105 Plymouth Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn• ……10 Madison Ave., Kansas City., Mo 321 E. Oklahoma Ave., Knoxville, Tenn.

8 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 615 Stock Exchange Bldg., Portland, Ore. I 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. 1332 E. Harvard St., Glendale, Calif. …

… … … … …

The Missionary Review of the World — 1919 Index

Missionary

Review of the World VOL. XLII OLD SERIES VOL. XXXII NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor·in·Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D. D. REV.' ARTHllR "T. ·PIERSON,D. 1>.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1919 EDITOR D~LAV AN L. PIERSON MISS HENRIETTA M. HySLOP, Assistant Editor EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F. R. G. S. MRS. E. C. CRONK Statistics and Foreign Exchanges Best Methods Department MRS. WM. H. FARMER MISS FLORENCE E. QUINl.AN Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. Al.FRED WILLIAMS ANTHONY, D. D. MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN ReV. VM. T. CH MBERl.AIN. PH. D. REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M. D. Rmr. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS, D. D. FFNNfLL P. TURNER REV. ERNFST F. HAll., D. D. RF.v. A. W. HAL~EY, D. D. REV. CHARLES L. il/HIrE, D. D.

MRS. 0. R. JITnn '''EV. ROBERT P. Wn.DEK REV. RAl.PH WF.LLES Ki'F.I.J'R. D, D. RF.v. L B. WOLF, D. D.

MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY JOHN W. WOOD, D. C. L.

PUIlLISHF.D BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

COOPERSTQWN, N. Y. AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBF.RT E. SPEER, President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANK L. BROWN,Vier-President FLEMING H. REVEI,L WAl.TER McDf'TTr" LJ.. T"'''ns1'Y"Y DICKIN~ON W. RICHARDS DELAVAN L. PIEKSON, Secretary MISS ANNA T. VAN SANTVOORD PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH REV. CHARI,ES R. WATSON, D. D.

I

CONTtN'tS OF ONE VOLUM:E OF THE M1SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year. the REVIEW .contains the equivalent of twenty-one volumes, a complete library of 11:1sslO0 8, on the hIstory, methods, pnnclples, and progress of Missions and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume 'would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1919 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS PAGE Meshed, Persia ………………………. P2~~ AFRICA, Areas in Prohibition in … _……. 427 – German Missions in ………………… 254 m Mexican Migration, Spanish-Speaking Pop- – Hospitals in………………………. 738 African Missions …….. , ……………… 255 Mexl~~io~..~~~::::::::::::::: :'.:::::::::::: April Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 AMERICA, Country Churches with Part Missions to Indians, Location of Protestant Evangelical ………….. -……….. " 817 Time Minister……………………. 853 – Protestant Population by States………. 171 Montana Surveyed by the Home Missions ASIA, Hospitals in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 Council . .-…………………… . . . .. &50 COUNTRY Churches with Part Time Min- NEGRO Problem in America, Why There is ister …………………………… 853 a New ………………………….. 175 ESKIMO Hut. ……………..•…….. " 297 GERMAN Missionary Effort, Centers of. …. 251 OHIO, Unoccupied Fields in …………… 173 HOME Mission Fields, Projecting the Mexi- PERSIA …………………………… 267 Prohibition Map of the World.•………… 351 can Problem into the …………….. _. 181 SHOWERS, ApriL …………………… 295 INDIA, German Missions in . . . . . . . . . . . . . '" 253 UNITED STATES, Is the Task of the Church Indian Tent ………………………….. 296 Indians for Christ. …. _……………… " 856 Completed in the. " …………….. '" 827 Industrial Posters, Y. M. C. A.. . . . . . . . .. . . .. 45 – Location of Protestant Evangelical Missions – Work of the Y. M. C. A………. …….. 40 to Indians in the ………………….. 817 – Percentage of For~igners in Population KHORASAN, Persia …………………. 266 LATIN AMERICA, Hospitals in ……….. 738 of the …… " ………………….. " 839 MEDICAL Missionaries and Nurses to the – Twenty-five Years Ago and Ten Years Ago, Total Foreig-n Missionary Forces in Liquor Situation in ……………….. 353 Foreign" Lands, Proportion of. …….. " 737 "- Vote on the Prohibition Amendment in the 357 – Missions, Growth in ………………… 739 WOMAN'S Missionary Society Posters …… 699 Women's Posters …………………….. 212 Y. M. C. A., Industrial Work of the……… 40 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE AFRICA, Bible Work in CentraL ……….. 575 – Warriors who Crossed the Zambezi …….. 607 – Christian Preachers in Training at Union Africans Gathered Around the Beer Pot … " 603 ALASKA, New Style House in…………. 495 Theological College, NataL ………… 445 – Old and the New in ………………… 491 – Old Style House in ………………… 494 – DBan1faal1tan~~~d:.eFric~. ~~~i.e..: ..~l.i~~~. ~~ 731 – Old Time Indian of Anvik …………… 496 – Relic of the Barbarous in……………. 481 – Evidence of the Need of Humane Recon- – Young Indian Girl with Nubile Orna- struction in …………………….. . 103 ments, Anvik …………………….. 497 – Institutional Church at Elizabethville ….. . 416 AMERICA, Another Foreign Mission Prob· – Mohammedan School in North ……….. . 669 – Native Drink Shop in South …………. . 381 lem in …………………………… 174 – One of the Konda Huts in …………… . 683 – "Contemporary Ancestor" in the Southern – Operating under Primitive Conditions in .. 766 – Opportunities for Physical Reconstruction Mountains ………………………. 845 – Eastern Town where there are no Churches 182 107 In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • – Literary Circle at 'Home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 .– Progress of the Development of ……. . 105 – Tug of War in a Shipyard……………. 41 – Reasons for the Brighter Outlook in ….. . 33 Anti·Alcohol Posters made in China ……… 377 – School at Daniel's Home in Central. ….. . 933 Arabian Women Refugees Fleeing Across – Tumbuka Spirit Temples ……………. . 685 – What Shall Be His Place in the New the Desert. ……………………… 513 ARM~NIA, Ward in American Mission Hos- Democracy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 •••••• 441 – Where Men Need the Gospel in South … . 421 pital m …………………………. 949 – Witch Doctor in ………………….. . 21 Armenjan Girl-Saved at Last. … : ……… 517 African Christian-Daniel N. Nhlane ….. . 561 – Refugees Coming Down from Mt. Zion …. 540 – Girls' Tailoring Department, Trappist Barrel of Rum …….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 336 Berea College, Kentucky, Extension Work of 846 Monastery ……. '………………. . 419 Bible on Temperance, Verdict of th6 ……… 330 – Kraal at Columbus, Ohio …………… . 641 – Society Colporteur on a Steamer… . . . . . .. 573 . – Mine, Christian Influences in a South …. . 413 – Work in Central Africa …………….. 575 Borden Hospital ward …………………. 115 – Miners, Anti-Christian Influences Existing Among South …………………… . 410 n

PAG"E PAG>

– Memorial Hospital in China ………. 81, 115 – Poster Showing a Grand Procession of the – Patients Breaking off Opium at the. . . . . . .. 116 Evils of Alcohol. …………………. 379 Boston, Children of All Nations in………. 499 JAVA, Marching with the Salvation Army in 581 – Keeping the Children off the Street in …. 501 JERUSALEM, Armenian Refugees Coming – Where the People of All Nations Live in .. 501 Down from Mt. Zion ………………. 510 "V. Brewery in Pennsylvania, Converted …….. 343 – Major Stephen Trowbridge Telling Bible – in Wheeling, Va., Converted into a Packing Plant. …………………… 341 Stories to Rescued Children in ………. 515 BULGARIA, Typical Scene in …………. , 27 JOHANNESBURG Mine Workers ……… 444 CHINA, Another Force in the Transforma· KOREA, Japanese Guard in Seoul. ……… 401 tion of………………………….. 95 Korean Crowd of Non·Resisting Demonstra· – Borden Memorial Hospital in …………. 115 tors ……………………………. 401 – Burning $14,000,000 Worth of Opium in Shanghai ……………………….. 374 – Doctor at Work ……………………. 771 – Independence Movement, Scenes in the … 401 – Change Wrought by Modern Science in Kurds in Turkey.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205 Hangchow Hospital ………………. 781 Lepers, How the New Chaulmugra Oil Treat· – Christians Persecuted in ……………. , 113 ment Helps the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 – in South China, Uncared for ………….. 757 :– Geographical Distribution of Missionaries Lovedale Industrial Institute Carpentry by Denominational Groups in ……….. 109 Department ……………………… 417 Mabie, Dr., Holding a Babies' Clinic in Banza – in Process of Construction, Modern Mission Mantek!! ………………………… 731 Hospital in………………………. 770 Mars Mill College, North Carolina, Promis· – Men's In·patient Der.artment of the Borden ing Mountaineers at. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 849 Memorial Hospita………………… 117 Methodist Centenary, Columbia, Ohio, Scenes China's Democracy, Educating the Coming at the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 Leaders of………………………. 94 Mexican Objects of Veneration ………….. 197 — Reclamation, A Young Man's Contribution – Young Men, Improving the Bodies and toward …………………………. 81 Esprit de Corps of. ……………….. 193 Chinese Cartoon-Sacrificing to Demons in Mexicans of the Poorer Class in El Paso, Behalf of the Sick.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 777 Texas ………………………….. 861 – Characters: New and Old …………… 127 Mexico, Developing New Era Leaders in.. 191 – Christian Persecuted ……………….. 109 Missionary Physician Getting Specimens of – Institutions-Old and New…………… 91 Sputum ………………………… 761 – Invitation ………………………… 298 Mohammedan School in North Africa …….. 669 – Lepers in a Christian Lepers Asylum…… 756 Mormon Temple in Brooklyn, N. Y ………. 869 – Student Conference………………… 17 Mormonism, Polygamy, one of the Fruits of 866 – to Keep Plague Away, Signs Used by. . . .. 759 Moslem Students in a Koranic School. . . . . . .. 672 NATAL, Blacksmith Department, Trappist Christians Persecuted in China ………….. 113 Church of All Nations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 502 Monastery ………………………. 415 -Young Scripture Readers at Amanzintoti – on Wheels, Audience Room of the …….. 873 Mission in………………………. 578 City Problem, How One Church in Los New Mexico, Mexican House of the Better Angeles Studied the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 180 Class in…………………………. 860 – Which Churches Must Unitedly Solve the 178 Colored Migration Problem in One City ….. 177 New York Evangelistic Committee, Street Community Meeting of All Nations …….. 502 Meetings Conducted by …………….. 841 Congo, Little Tin Hospital in the ………… 768 – Russian Hebrew Orphans arriving in …… 843 Ngoni Warriors, Group of. …………….. 605 Crawford's Mission Buildings in Central Nhlane, Daniel N …………………….. 561 Africa, One of Dan's……………… 209 North Carolina, Mars Hill Institute in …… 847 Darkness in Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 Northfield Conference, Students of Twenty· Disease, Exhibit to Show Insects that Carry 749 Six Nationalities at ………………… 697 Drink, Cost of………………………. 340 Nurses Graduated from Mission Hospital, – Evil is Growing in India……………. 369 Iloilo : …………………………. 775 – Shop in South Africa ……………….. 381 Operating Room in the Mary Taber Schell Evangelistic Meetings in a Machine Shop …. 841 . Hospital, India…………………… 792 Factory, Noon-day Religious Service in a…. 42 Oriental Student Convention, Troy, N. Y ….. 920 Pay Day …………………………….. 349 – Workers, Class in Enll'lish to Help Piano.. 43 Persecuted, Chinese Christians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Filipino Home and Filiptno Christians ……. 641 Foreign Born Problem, Attempt to Solve One 179 PHILIPPINES, First Filipino Nurses Grad· uated from the Mission Hospital. . . . . . .. 775 FRANCE, Results of the War at Noyon ….. 519 – Salvation Army Hut in ………………. 585 Plague, Missionary Physician Getting Sputum French Girl Learning Again to Smile …….. 521 of ……………………………… 761 Gospel Cruiser in American Waters" HRobert Port Said, British and Foreign Bible Society G. Seymour"…………………….. 871 Boat at ………………………….. 571 – Distributing Bibles to Refugees in …….. 512 Goto, Baron Shimpei ………………….. 657 Russian Hebrew Orphans Arriving in New Guatemala, Darkness in…………. . . . . . .. 589 Guatemala Woman and her Baby, Christian .. 589 York …………………………….. 843 HAWAI~, Ho~e Missions Problem Among Saloon in New York, Reformed ………….. 343 Foreigners tn …………………….. 161' Salvation Army Cherry Tree Farm in Spring Hospital in China in Process of Construction, Valley, N. Y ………….. …………. 587 – Hut in France ……………………… 585 Modern Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 -in Java, Marching with the …………… 581 – in the Congo, Little Tin ……………… 768 Salvationist, South American ……………. 582 – Distributing Food in Japan …………… 583 – 0l'era6ng Room of a Modern Mission …. 767 Immigrants, Two Ways of Reaching the …… 841 Shipyard, Tug of War in a….. ………… 41 South America, How the W. C. T. U. Pro· INDIA, Anniversary Demonstration of Con· verts in…………………………. 1 motes Temperance Education in ………. 363 South American Salvationist……………. 582 – Country Saloon in ………………….. 371 – Drink Evil is Growing in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 369 Spri¥re~a~ir;"Nin~:'..~a.l~~~~~~ .~~~~~ .:~~~~~ 587 – Fourteen Babies Born in Maternity Hos- Teaching the Boys of All Nations to be Use· pital, Guntur…………………….. 790 ful Citizens………………………. 503 – in Character and Self·Supyort, Progress in 21 – The Girls of All Nations to be American Home Makers……………………. 503 – Operating Room in the Mary Taber Schell Hospital ………………………… 792 Temperance Education in South America, Indian Woman, Old …………………… 497 How the W. C. T. U. Promotes ……… 363 – Poster …………………………… 321 – Women, Relieving the Burden of. ….. '" 788 – Verdict of the Bible on.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 330 Industrial Posters. .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 45 TIBET, Llama Priest of…………….. 19 – Reconstruction ……………………. 584 TOKYO, Fuji Spinning Company ……….. 677 JAPAN, Fuji Sginning Mills in Tokyo …… 673 – Industrial Quarter in ……………….. 675 – Salvationists Distributing Food in …….• 583 – Tokyo Slums after a Heavy Storm …….. 681 – Type of Things that are Passing in…….. 13 Japanes.e quard in Seoul ……………….. 401 – InVitatIOn ………………………… 298 m

PAGJI

Trowbridge, Stephen, Telling Bible Stories to W. C.T. U. Promotes Temperance Education Rescued Children in Jerusalem. •. • • • .. .. 515 South America ..••.• " • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . •. 363 Witch Doctor in Africa….. . . • . . . . . . . . . . .• 721 Tunisians Converted to Christianity ••.•••.••• 671 Zambezi, African Warriors who crossed the •• 607 TURKEY" Kurds in ………………….. 205 AUTHORS PAGE PAG1E ALLEN, MRS. JOHN SOo ………………… 397 JUDD, MRS. O. R…………… 57, 218, 395 541 ALLENBY, GENERAL EDMUND H. H .•••••••••• 241 KEELER, RALPH WELLES •••••••.•••••••.••. : 171 ATWATER, REGINALD MOo ……………….. 749 KELLEY, J. FRANKLIN …………………. 118 AVISON, O. RoO ………………………. 771 KING, GEORGE EOo ……………………. 115 BADLEY, BRENTON THOBURN ••••••••••••••••• 369 KUGLER, A. SOo ………………………. 788 BARNES, LEMUEL CALL ••••••••.••••••••••••• 270 LABAREE, ROB£RT MOo……… • • • • .. • • • • . • •• 591 BATES, C. J. LoO ………………………. 928 LA RUE, WILLIAM EOo ………………… 866 BEACH, HARLAN cP .. ..•…•…•…•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•. .•.•.•.•. .7.9., 127 BEEBE, ROBERT 780 LERRIGO, P. H. JOo ……………………. 765 BENNETT, M. KATHERINE •••••••••••••••••••• 887 LEWIS, DR. ELIZAB£TH G………………. 924 BLISS, VMIRRGS.INEIALLAMOAo ……………………………………….. 884 LIL£Y, ARTHUR V …………………….. 668 BOOLE, 386 MABIE, CATHERINE LOo………………… 731 BRAIN, BELLE MOo A…….. .. …. .. ……………………. .2.8.1. , 744474 MACGILLIVRAY, MRS. DONALD ……………. 461 BROOKS, CHARLES MACKENZIE, W. DOUGLAS ..••…•..•.•.•••. 834 BROWN, WILLIAMS ADAMS……………… 97 MASON, CAROLINE ATWATER •••.•..••••••••.. 741 BROWNING, WEBST£R E ………………… 361 MASTERS, V,CTOR I ……………………. 845 BURGESS, PAUL………………………. 588 MCCL£LLAND, ALICE AJOo..•.•.•…•.•.•.•.•…..•…•.•..:…….. 195 McLEOD; RODERICK 18 CALKINS, HARVEY R£EVES ••••••••••••••••••. 505 M£RRILL, ITSHAOBEMLASTRcO.W.B. R. .ID.C.E. .. .•.•.•…•.•.•.•…•…•…… 949 CHALFANT, HARRY MOo …………………. 347 MOFFETT, 856 CHAUIERS, THOMAS M………………… 946 MOORHEAD, R. FLETCHER .•••.•••••••••. , …. 740 CHAPMAN, JOHN WOo ………………….. 491 MOTT, JOHN ROo ……………………… 102 COAN, FR£DERICK GOo………………….. 22 MURRAY, J. LOVELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 COGSWELL, FRANKLIN D………………… 609 NEPRASH, IVAN V …………………….. 601 Cox, WM. H ..•..•••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 581 NOBLE, ALMA ..•••••.••••••••••..•••.•….. 693 c. . CRAWFORD, DAN ………………………. 209 PAD1(N, VM. MOo…………………….. 523 CRONK, MRS. E. .49, 131, 213, 292, 389, 453, PATTON, CORN£LIUS HOo •.••••••.•….• 108, 460 532, 609, 691, 795, 880, 95J PEABODY, MRS. HI!NRY W . . . . . . . . . 139, 390, 614 DANNER, MRS. WM. MOo ……………….. 753 PENROSE, VALERIA F …………………… 793 DAVIS, J. MULE •••••..•••••••••••••••••••• 673 DONALDSON, DWIGHT MOo ••••••••••••••••••• 267 P£T'l'EE, JAMES HOo……………………. 13 Du PLESSIS, J •.••..••••••••••••••••••••••• 411 PLATON, ARCHBISHOP •••••••••••.••….•… 689 ERDMAN, CHARL£S ROo …………………. 915 QUINLAN, FLORENCE EOo ••••••••••• 612, 699, 887 EWING, J. C. R. …..••…………….•… 259 REHERD, H£RB£RT WOo………………… 395 FARMER, MRS. WBM. …H…. .1.3.7., ;3.0.0.,.4.5.9.,. .6.1.7., .8.0.3., 963 RIGGS, HENRY H .••••••••••••••••.•.••.•••• 204 FISHER, M,LES 692 RINDGE, FRED HOo • .. • .. • • • . • … • • • . . . • • • . • • 41 FORRESTER, ANNE…………………….. 597 RITSON, J. HOo ………………………. 571 ROHOLD, S. BOo ………………….. 123, 721 FR!,SER, DONALD .••..•••••.•••••••• 603, 683, 933 SCANLON, • CHARLES ……………….. 357, 385 . GOODCHILD, MRS. FRANK MOo ••••••••••••••• 700 SCOTT, CHARLES EOo ………………. 109, 274 GOTO, BARON SHIMPEI. ………………… 657 SCUDDER, IDA S………………………. 964 GREENE, ROGER S..••••••••••••••••••••.••• 776 SLOAN, T. DWIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . 774 GULICK, SIDNEY LoO ………………….. 378 SPRINGER, JOHN MOo ………………….. 421 HALL, WINFIELD SCOTT………………… 335 ST. JOHN, BURTON ••.••••••••••••••.••• 251, 735 HAMILTON. GUY WOo …………………. 759 STELZLE, CHARLES ••.•••••.••••.•••..•• 329, 735 STODDARD, CORA FRANC"ES •.••.•….".•…..• 3~7 HARRIS, JOHN H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 HARRISON, PAUL WB•..•.•.•..•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•..•.•.•.•. 784 SUZUKI, TAKASH!. ……………………. 661 HASKELL, EDWARD 25 SWAN, GEORG£………………….. 527 HAYLER, GUy .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 351 TAYLOR, JAMES DEXTER .•.••••..•… 32, 381, 439 HAYNE, COE …………………… '……. 870 TAYLOR, WALTER COo ………………….. 191 THOMAS, W. H. GRIFFITH •••.••…•••…•••. 359 HEALD, JOSIAH Hoo …………………… 860 HELMS, E. J., …..•.••••••••.•••••••••••• , 499 THOMPSON, CHARL£S LOo ……………….. 827 HENDERSON, THEODORE SoO •••••••••.•••••••• 518 THWING, E. WOo …………………….. 374 TROWBRIDGE, STEPHEN .••••••••.••••••• ~87, 511 HILL, MRS. HALLIE LINN ……………… 888 HODOUS, LEWIS………………………. 16 'VOGT, PAUL LOo ……………………… 851 HOLLEY, MARGARET S………. , …… , …… 885 WAID, MRS. EVA CLARK ………………… 839 HOLMES, E. MARIE……………………. 804 WARNE, FRANK W……………………. 21 HOWARD, PHILIP E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 WARNER, HARRY SOo …………………… 331 HUME, ROBERT EOo ……………………. 883 WATSON, CHARLES ROo …………………. 183 HURREY, CHARLES Doo ……………… 883, 920 WEN, WANCHIN JOo …………………… 376 HUTCHINS, WILLIAM JOo ••••••••••••••• 285, 522 WHEELER, W. R£GINALD……………….. 91 HUTTON, J .AG.E.R.T..R.t/.D.E……………………………………… 611 WHITE, CHARLES LOo ………………….. 874 HYD£, A. 11 WHITE, J. CAMPBELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .. 579 INGHAMA HOo •.•.•••••••••••••••••••••••.•• 484 WILDER, AMOS POo……………………. 530 IMAN, ;:'AMUEL GUy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 119, 431 WOOD, HERVEY … . C. . …… ………………………………… .. 386 WRIGHT, ALFRED 687 JESSUP, FREDERICK N ..•.••••••••••••••••••• 198 JOHNSTONE, SIR HARRY HOo …………….. 426 YOUNG, S. HALL • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . • . . . . . . • • . . • 396 JOW£TT, J. HOo ………………………. 635 ZWEMER, SAMUEL Moo ••• 190, 365, 409, 526, 636 SUBJECTS* PAGE PAGJI ABYSSINIA, New Movement Among Mos· -"Against the Book" in ……………… 312 – B;ble in Zande ……………………. 150 lems in ………………………….. 150 – Bib'e Study in South ……………….. 555 Acts 1:6 to 8 …………………………. 526 – Bound by New Ties in………………. 75 – Ceremony of the Oro. . • . .. • . . . . . . .. .. . … 632 Administration, Missionary…………….. 63 – Communion Sunday in Elat. West. •.••••• 464 AFGHANISTAN, Trouble Brewing in •••••• 547 AFRICA, Adjusting Personal Property …… 150 * (a) Indicates an article over 3 pozes in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length. All other subjects indexed at less than one page in length. The number of the month when any given article appeared may be found by dividing the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the unit so obtained. For example: page 548+80=6,+1=7 (July).

IV – Effect of the Gospel in ………………. 150 .,..- What dp HQme Missione Include ……• 8;1'1 – Evangelistic Tour in .•••….•…•••.••.• 901 Amenean Door to Central AIDa (a) 'Dwight M. Donaldson …………………~•••.' W m – Giving out of POTerty in ………….••.• 901 – Giving to Home Missions in Weat ..••…. 313 – Tract Society……………………… – Grim Heathenism in……….. ..•••.•..• 15 – University at Cairo ………………….' 972 – Hospital for Mine Workers in South•..•.• 109 Americanization, Bureau for Onistian. .•••.L 891 – Idols in Rubbish Heap in …..•. ; …..•.. 631 – New Day In Christian. (b) :Mary Oar.:' – Is Islam Losing Ground in ……•…•.•. 565 Barnes …………………………. 57 – Language Need in…………………. 709 -Plan 01. ………. , ……………….. ,. 5~ – Liberia the Gateway to ….. " . " …..•.• 556 – Programme of. • .. . . • . . . • . . • .. .. • • • …… 465 – Liquor Question in South (a) James Dex· Americanizing the I"oreign-Born.••..•..• .,.. lSI tp· Taylor …………………..•…•• 381 America's 9rlsis and Opportunity (a) Char- L. White ……………….. , ,."~.,,. 814 :e.a ……au . – Midnight Meetings in South…………. 633 – MissIOnary Conference for South……… 902 – Debt to Immigration (a) Mrs. – Missionary Physician in West. … , ……. 150 '.>. "',,"2 Waid ………………………. " …. 839 – Missionary~ Situation in Bantu (a) James Anatotia College after the War………….. 917 Andrew Murray Memorial. ••….••.••.. Dexter Taylor……………………. 32 Angola and the South Africa General MlaiiiO. 46S – Need for Medical Missions in (a) Dr. Catherine L. Mabie ……………….. 731 – E.ncoura.&1n~ Signs in ……………. ~~,. lU – Onitsha Industrial Mission ……..•..•… 708 Anmversanes 1D the Year 1919. ImJ>O!tant;. 4" – Prohibition of Alcohol in (a) Harry H. Anti-Alcohol Measure. President of Mexico Johnston ……………………….. 436 Considers ……………………. ,"" 3M – Raising the Status of Women in ………. 555 Anti-Saloon League …………………… ~387 – Scriptures for ………………..•..•… 464 Approach to a COmmon Task (a) Mrs. Y. 5. – Some Effects of the War on (a) James . Bennett ……………… '" ….. ~ ..,. lila Dexter Taylor……………………. 439 ARABIA. Descendants of the C£usadera In.. 69 – Some More of "Thinking Black" (b) Dan ..:.. Experiences of a Medical Miasionary in (a) Paul W. Harrison…………… …. 184 Crawford ………•………………. 209 – Unoccupied Fields in …………..••…. 555 – Hero "Vorship in ……………… , ….. ~ 147 – Waiting. Cornelius H. Patton …..•…•. 108 -,- NeW 'Outlook in (b) ……………….. 164 – Wanyamwezi Tribe …………. : …….. 709 – Religion and Politics in …………….. , 731 – War Sets a New Standard for Wives ..•.. 555 – Selling Scriptures in .• : …………… , ~7J) – Well-Informed Christians in Lueho…….. 15 ARGENTINA, New Orphanage for ……… .81'5 African Autobiography (a) Donald – Pagan …………………………•.• 4!l9 Fraser ………………….. 603. 683. 933 –'- Tract Distribution Brings Results in. . . . .. $9.5 – Convert, OrumeJ an ….•……………. 464 ARMENIA America as Mandatory for.•… 707 – Demonstration ……………………•• 55 – Another boor of Opportunity in ……..• , 471 – Giving. Casting in Her All ………. " ..• 465 Armenian and Syrian Relief……………. J48 – Massacres. Turkish G<>vernor Hung fOT •••• 472 soa – Mines. Missionary Opportunity in Central (a) John M. Springer……………… 421 -Refugee Camp Made Permanent ….. , ….• – Reconstruction after the War (a) John H. Armenians. Stories of Liberated (a) Stephen Trowbridge ………………..•..•… 511 Harris ..•………………..•..•…. 103 – Republic. Citizenship in an ………….•. 235 Art of Securing an Audience (a) …..•.•…• 212 Africans. Influenza among the.. . . . . . . . . . . .. 312 Army and Navy on Drink. Verdict of••.•.••• 35. – Training School for South…………… 809 ASIA. American Door to Central (a) Dwight M. Donaldson ……………………. :U7 Agricultural Missions in India………….. 706 – Eyes of. …………………………. , 1194 Agriculture as Related to Evangelism in China …………..••……..•……. 704 – Revolution among Children of (b) …….. > 16$ ALASKA. Christian Union for…………. 822 Asiatics in America. The Problem of. ….•. , 920 Audience. Art of Securing an (a)……….. 392 – Signs of Progress in (a) John W. Chap- man …………………………… 491 * AUSTRALIA. Union Movement in……….

– Working Together in (b) S. Hall Young .. 396 :u:.. Bahai Propaganda in America (a). Robert Alcohol and Drugs in India.. • . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 430 Labaree ………………………… 591 BALUCHISTAN, First Methodi.t Conte!'- – in Africa. Prohibition of (a) Harry H. ence in………… .. • .. • . . . .. • .. . . . . . . 12J Johnstone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 426 – Question. Books on the ……………… 400 – New Order in ……………………..'. 415 – World's League Against………….•… 629 BANGKOK Christian College Growth of.•.. 307 Alcoholism Postponed. International Congress – College. Chinese at …………………. 5.D on …………………………….. 629 Baptist Board of Promotion…………. •.. 892 Mert Bay Mission, Indian Children at The – Missions. Advance in ……………….. 1}O (a) Miss Anne Forrester…………… 597 Barotse-Land. New Ideals in ……………. o4U Alignments in Christian Circles. New ….. ~ .. 325 Basel Mission in South India …………•..• 147 Allen, M. D., Belle J ………………….. 692 Best Methods. Ml'•. E. C. Cronk .. 49.131. 213. ~2. Alphabet, Shall China haTe an (a) Harlan 389. 453. 532. 609, 691. 795,:Jl8O P. Beach ………………………•.. 121 -.- F'or Colleges ……………….. :.. •.. 881» Alsace- Lorraine. Protestants in…………. 471 Berbers to be Reclaimed ……•.••.••.••. 1D8 Ameenabee …..•…….•…………….. 964 ~~~ckdt~h~~~r~~:~ ~~~~~~ ~~~.~'. ~'. ~~~. 5?!. AMERICA. Bahai Propaganda in (a) Robert M. Labaree …………………. … .. 591 …:.. Cltine'" President's Estimate of the •••••. ',,;8n – Bui1ding Ships and Men in.. . ……… 152 ~ Classe. for Women in Japan ……….. :'.. B12 . – Ct~t'T?or::~so~~i~~~~~i~:..~~ ..(~? ~~.I~. 827 ~ Course. for Rulsian! ……•… .# ••.•••• ~'''. r,'j814 – Helps. "SleeTe Editions" of Chineae….•• 416 – Christian Citizenship Conference in ……. 1129 — iinn America and Otller Lands ..•.•…•…. , 11. – Church Membership in 1918 ..· …•…….. 551 Indian ViI!ages ………………….. 51:7 – Community Spirit put to Work …..•….. 313 – tn Zande, Afnca ……………………. 150 – Foreign Women in…………………. 63 – New Translations of ~e ……….. ',' :",'.',~ n.66 – Importance of Home Missions in ……. ,. 824 – on Temperance. Verdlet of the. • . . • . . . . . .. 330 – J eY'i~h Evangelization i!" .•………•… ,. 946 – Readers? How Many……………….. 891 – MISSionary Movement 1D Colleges ……… 112 – Reading Encouraged in Asia ……. , •.•. :. 633 – Mountaineers of the South (a) Victor I. —- – Reading in Public Schools (b) .•••…•••.• ,:/0 Masters ………………………… 1145 – Revised Mandarin ………………….. 5<49 – Need. of the Industrial Workers in (a) – Societies make Reciprocal Exchange …,… 237 Fred H. Rindge………………….. 41 – Societies. Proposed Federation of •..••••., ,63. 5n – Negro Citizens in …………………..· 468 – Siudie•• Missionary (b) S'lJDuel M. Z'tRIIICr 190 – Practical Cooperation in Montana …….. 821 – Study in South Africa.. .. ……………. -Problems of the Country Parish (a) Paul -: S~~d~•..~i~~i.o.~~? ~~~ •~~~~~ .~'..~~; !~56 L. Vogt. ……….•………………. 851 -Safe for the World. Making (a) Ralph B,bles for Czecho-Slovaks …..••••.••.••• ',' U2 Welles Keeler……………………. 171 '- for the Unlearned in India ……………. 231 – Training for Religious Workers in …..•.• 1139 – Pole Buys up …………………. : ..'.' ; ;, 552 – United Financial Campaigu in …..•..•.•• 813 BOHEMIA, Strategic Land of John Huss .• ,. ~ v

B~emian Catholics, ~etorm -Demanded hy. P6~~ – History of Religions. E. Washburn Hop_PAC

Bolshevism and the Russian Church .. , , 169 kins ……………..•……………. 719 Bolshevist Sunday Schools ..•.••… ,,' . 891 – H;istory C!f the Methodist Episcopal Church IOOKS, NEW m Mexlco. John W. Butler ………… 320 —'·Achievements of Christianity, J. K. Mozley 639 – Immigrant and the Community. Grace -Adventures in Alaska. S. Hall Young .. , .,. 558 –Aims of Labor. Arthur Henderson .. , ., . 78 Abbott …………………………. 18 – In a Day of Social Rebuilding. Henry ….!. Albania-Past and Present. Constantine A. Sloane Coffin ……………………. 78 Chekrezi …………………….. '" 718 – In the East African War Zone. J. H. "":Alcohol and the Human Race. Richmond Pearson Hobson………………… 399 Briggs ………………………… 480b – America in the Making. M. E. Ravage.. 78 – In the Wilds of South America. Leo F. Miller ……………………….•. 160b – America Save the Near East. Abraham M. – India's Silent Revolution. Fred B. Fisher 559 '. Rihbany ……………..•………… 480 .–'. American Girl and Her Community. Marg- – Introduction to Rural Sociology. Paul L. Vogt ………………………….. 18 aret Slattery ……………………. " 159 – Islamic Africa. R. Burton Sheppard ….. 320 .- Ammunition for the Final Drive on Booze. – Japan and World Peace. K. K. Kawakami 717 Louis Albert Banks ………………. 399 -Asia Minor. Walter A. Hawley ……. ,. 320 – Jewish Communal Register off New York City…………………… ………. 17 -Blot on the Kaiser's Scutcheon. Newell Dwight Hillis ……… " ………. , 239 – John W. Stevenson. Marshall Broomhall 720 – John P. WilEamson. Winifred E. Barton 720 -Call of a World Task in War Time, – Korean Buddhism. Frederick Starr….. 160a J. Lovell Murray …..•………. ". 79 – Least of These. M. N. Williams……… 79 – Call of the South. Victor I. Masters.. … [60b -'- Captain Bickel of the Inland Sea. Charles – Life with Young Men. Richard C. Morse 159 K. Harrington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 560 – Licrht in the Land of Sinim. Harriet N. Noyes ………………………… 480a – Challenge of Pittsburg. Daniel L. Marsh.. 78 – Madame France. R. Louise Fitch …….• 718 – Charles Chapin Tracy. George E. White .. 720 – China and the World War. W. Reginald – Mastery of the Far East. Arthur Judson Brown ………………………….. 558 Wheeler ……….. ; ………… , … .480a .c.,.China, Foreign. Financial Control in,' T. – Medical Missions, Books on ………….. 816 – Mexico-Today and Tomorrow. E. D. W. Overlach ………………. ,…. . 480 Trowbridge ……………………… 560 – China Mission Year Book. E. C. Loben. – Mexico's Dilemma. Carl W. Ackerman … 238 stine and A. L. Warnshuis ……. ,., . 636 – Christ and Glory. A. C. Gaebelein., .. , , " 720 – Minister's Handicap. J. Wilbur Chapman 240 – Ministers of Mercy. James H. Franklin …. 816 – Christian Americanization. Charles Alvin – Money, the Acid Test. David McConaughy 158 . Brooks …….•……………. "" .,.640 – Mosalc of Missionary Methods. Stanley :..-. Christian Approach to Islam. James L. Sowton …………………………. 118 Barton ……..'………… '.' …. , .. , 479 – My Chinese Days. G. F. Alsop ………. 636 – Christian Conauest of America. Ralph W – New Life Currents in China. Mary N. Keeler and Ellen C. Keeler………… 78 Gamewell …………………….. " 636 :..-. Christian Crusade for World Democracy – New Opportunity of the Church. Robert S. E. Tavlor and H. E. Luccork…. 79•. 160b E. Speer ………………………. " 637 .- Christian Democracy for Amer;"a. D. D – Nigeria-the Unknown ……………… 320 Forsyth and R. W. Keeler…………. T1 – Oregon· Missions. James W. Bashford .. 320a – Our Church and Our Country. Burleson.. 77 '- Christian Ethics in the World War. W. D. Mackenzie ……………………. ,' , 239 – Outline Studies on the Problems of the , – Ch~is.tina Forsyth of Fingoland. W, P Reconstruction Period……………… 77 – People of Tipi Sapa. Olden………….. 77 L.vmgstone ……………….. ,'" 637 – Personal Appeals to Sunday School Work- –Church and the City ……………. " … 78 ers. Oscar L. Joseph ……………… 239 – -Church and the Great War. Worth M. – Pilgrim in Palestine. John H. Finley … 559 Tipp),……………………….. 77,. 639 . – City Worker's World. Mary K. Simkho- – Pilgrims of Hawaii. Rev. and Mrs. O. H. vitch ………………………. " .. , 160 Gulick ……………………. , . . . . .. 79 – Comparative Religion. A. S. Geden .. ,.. 238 – Poems of Pep and Point for Public Speak- ers. Will H. Brown ……………… " 640 – – Conscience and'Concession. A. W. Anthony 720 '- Crisis in Church and College. George W – Power-House at Pathankot. M. J. Camp- McPherson …………………… , . . 718 bell ……………………………. 79 '. ~Crusade of Compassion. Belle J. Allen and – Primary Mission Stories and Junior Mis- sion Stories. Margaret T. Applegarth… 638 Caroline Atwater Mason ………… , . 559 – Prince of the Church in India. J. C. R. – Cyclopedia of Twentieth Century Illustra- Ewing …………………………. 79 – Prophecy and Authoritv. Kemper Fnllerton 719 tions. Amos R. Wells ……… , , , , . ,. 239 '-Dawn in Palestine. Wm. Cantor…….. 639 – Delll1lcratic Movement in Asia. Tyler Den, – Re!,onstruction in Turkey ………….. " 480 – Red Triangle in the Changing Nations … 638 nett …………………………… 480b – Red, Yellow and Black. Sophia L. Fahs .. 239 -Dr. Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. F. W. S,. -Religious Digest…………………… 560 O'Neil ……………………… ,". 79 -.Dr. Scofield's Question Box. Ella E. Pohle 320a – Foundations of America. Charles L. Thompson ……….••…..•…..•…. 71 '-"Encyclopedia Sinica. S. Couling, …. ,:. 79 – Riddle of Nearer Asia. Basel Mathews .. 480a -.Faiths of Mankind. Edmund D. 'Soper, .320a – Right to Fight. Sherwood Eddy…….. 320a – Fiftr Years -itt .china. Samuel Isett Wood.. bridge………………………. 718 – Ris:ng Japan. Jabez T. Sunderland …… 157 – Forei~ Magic. Jean Carter Cochran – Robert and Mary. Anita B. Ferris …•..• 718 638 – Romance of Missions in Nigeria. S. G. – Friends of Ours. -eIizabeth Colson, . " " 638 '- Frontier Mi""ionary Pro'blems. Bruce Pinnock ………………………… 240 – of the Red Triangle. Sir Arthur K. Yapp .. 639 Kinney …………………………. 11 – Russia, Six Red Months in. Louise Bryant 480b – Graded Missionary Education in the Church . School. Frederica Beard . . . . . . . , , , , '" " 239 _ Russian Prohibition. Ernest Gordon …… 640 -Great Plan. A. S. Stilwell ••…… "". 560 – Southeastern Europe. Vladislav R. Savie 160 -Gospel for a Working World; Harry F. _ Stories of Brotherhood. Harold B. Hunting 240 Ward ……………….. , '" .. , , " ". 78 – Straight America. Frances Kellor…….. 18 – Taylor and the China Inland Mission. Dr. – Guide Bo'ok, 1918-1919 ………… , , … " 639 '!lnd Mrs. Howard Taylor …………•.• 479 – Handbook of French and Belgian Protestantism. Louis S. Houghton …… , .. " 720 – Thoburn-Called of God. W. F. Oldham .. 151 – Those Who Have Come Back. Peter Clark – Heirs Together of the Grace of Life, M. Macfarlane …..•….•……………. 720 – Tohoku, the Scotland of Japan. C. Nos 158 _ H!G'i~,;ha1Le" H~ipl~~~" r';' 'L'o~~~ 'N~';' 79 – Tragedy of Armenia. Bertha S. Papazian York. Lucy S. Bainbridge…… " 238 , 160a, 480 – His Star in the West. Giles …… ," ".. 77 _ Trapped in Black Russia. Ruth Pierce. '" 640 – History c f Latin America. William W, Sweet …………………. , 638 – Treasure of the Magi. H. J. Moulton….. 79 VI

'PAGI! 0

– ' True Faith and Allegiance. Gustav Olinger 78 – DWf~~r ~~~~~~. ~~i~~..i~..(.~)..~~~~ .:: 530 – Under Colignv's Banner. Albert Lee …. 320a – Underwood or Korea. By His Wife…… 79 – Dangers in Rice Wine in …………….. 143 – Whole Truth About Alcohol. George Eliot – Destruction of Opium in Shanghai.. . . . . . . 72 Flint …………………………… 639 – Dr. Wong of Shanghai.. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . … 627 – Why Dry. Wilbur F. Crafts ………… '399 – For the Evangelization of… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 142 – Giving the Church First Place in……… 72 – Why Prohibition. Charles Stelzle .•… 77, 399 – Gospel at Rankine Hospital………….. 811 – World Facts and America's Responsibility. – have an Alphabet, Shall (a) Harlan P. Cornelius H. Patton ………………. 480a – Your Negro Neighbor. Benjamin Brawley 320a Beach ………………………….. 127 – ~ealth Essay.Co)!test i.n … : …………. 811 Books on Med:cal Missions …………….• 816 – Heart :Vashtng SocIety tn ………… 308 – Books on the Alcohol Question…… . . . .• 400 – Home MISSIOns tn ………………….. 242 – Study …………………………… 890 – Influence of Medical Missions in (a) Rob- – Worth Noting, Foreign Mission. Harlan P. Beach……………………….. 79 ert C. Beebe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 780 – Intoxicants and Drugs in (b) E. W. Thwing 374 Borden Memorial Hospital in China. George – KeepinK Tally with Conscience………. 900 E. King..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 115 – Long Vait in ……………………… 476 Borneo, Industt'ial Experinlent in ….. …… .).)6 – Medical Board (a). Roger S. Greene.' …. 776 Boxer Riots, Revival on Scene of . . . . . . . . . . . , 625 – Medicine and Christianity…………… 309 Boy Scouts in the Pani ab. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 474 – Miau Men of (Poem). J. Franklin Kelly 118 – Missionaries Lead Relief Work in.•…..• 141 Brahman Baptism, Notable……………. 71 – Missionary Agriculture in …………… 550 Brazil, Call of the Carajas……………… 554 – More About the Brewers in ………….. 475 – New Station in Old Town ……………. 631 – Organizing a Village Church in ……….. 626 – Philanthropy Promoting Health in (a). – Shows Confidence in North American Missions …………………………… 119 Roger S. Greene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 – Phonetic Language Study in….. . . . . . . .. 307 – Sunday Schools in •…………………. 469 – Picture from Life in. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 143 – Syrian Leader in…………………… 631 – Plague, Famine. Flood and War in ……. 233 Brazilian Young Women, New Ideals for. . .. 227 – Preaching to Pilgrims in …………….. 309 – Progress of Church Union in …………. 565 Brazil's Need ………………………… 317 – Revival on Scene of Boxer Riots. . . . . . . . .. 625 Brewers in China, More about the ……….. 475 – Salt alld its Savor in (a). Charles E. Brewing Interests, Invasion of China by (b) Scott ………………………. 109, 274 Wanchin J. Ven …………….•..•… 376 – Small-Pox and Superstition in ……….. 810 Budapest, News from …………………. 711 – Student Strikes in. .. . . . . . . . • . . . . .. . . . . .. 724 Buddhism Die with Militarism? Will ……… 143 – Study in Church-Going in ….•…•…… 476 – Vs. Christianity in Japan (b) ………… 641 – Successful Evangelism in ……………. 142 – Sunday Rest in ………………..•….. 476 Buddhist Missionary Methods ••••……… 233 – Tanners' Deity…………………….. 705 – Universities . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 551 – Two Pictures from …………………. 232 Buenos Aires Bible Class……………… 154 – Union Work in Paotingfu ……………. 625 – Social Center in …………………… 554 – Valuable Donkey in ………………… 475 – Why an Open Door in …..•…………. 232 Bulgaria, American Influence in (a) Edward – Woman of Swatow…………………. 804 B. Haskell………………………. 25 – Women in Church Government ……….. 704 BURMA, ~ib!es it?- …………………… 973 – Working Together in (b) ……………. 563 – Home MISSIOns tn …………… _. . . . . .. 306 – World Democracy and Missions (a). W.

– Important Work in ………………… 899 Reginald Wheeler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . 91 – Student Camp…………………….. 706 – Y. W. C. A. Opportunities in….. . . . . . . .. 308 By-Product of Christian Missions ……….. 633 China's John Wanamaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 – Mail System ………………………. 705 CAIRO, American University at. ……….. 972 – President and Opium ……………….. 141 – a Strategic Center ………………….. 311 _ Waterways, Gospel Work on …………. 142 – Christian Editors in ………………… 228 Chinese Bihle Helps, "Sleeve Editions" of. .. 476 – Teaching Street Waifs in …………….. 546 – Children-Tooker Memorial …………. 895 CANADA, Church Missionary Society …… 814 – Church Adopts New Era ……………. 895 – Co1ege Students Support School for Poor 626 – How Prohibition Works in (b) W. H. Grif· – General's Answer………………….. 96 fifth Thomas ……………. , • .. .. • • •• 359 – Girl Becomes Evangelist…………….. 73 – Methodist General Conference in……… 65 _ f'nrl's Annual Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 705 – United National Campaign in ………… 566 – Illiterates, Hope for (b) … '" . . . . .. . . . . . 82 Canada's Economic Penis ……………… IS4 – Jnst·tutlon,,1 Church………………… 73 – Laborers Home Again……………… 899 Cannibalism on the Congo, Christianity and 708 – Life, Christianization of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 549 Caste System, Waste of…….. .. . . . . . . . . .. 624 – Naval StUdy Circle …………………. 141 Caucasus, Devil-Worshippers of the ……… 712 _ Objectives ……………………….• 626 – Relief in the ………………………. 472 – Paper in France …………………… 621 Century of Christianity in America (a) Charles _ President's Estimate of the Bible …. " .. , 811 L. Thompson…….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 827 – Recognition of Christian Colleges… . . . . .. 626 _ Return from France, When the (b) …..• ; 562 Central America, Men and Morals in (b) Paul _ Set an Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Burgess ………………………… 588 – Student's Testtmony………………… 308 CEYLON, Trinity College…………….. 810 – Y. W. C. A. for New york …………… 714 – Women's Work in ………………….. 624 Chosen Christian Co1ege………………. 704 Chambersburg, Pa., Conference at ….. " …. 620 – Emergency in (b). Takashi Suzuki. ….. 661 Chapel Cars, Gospel Cruisers and (a) Coe _ New Crisis in (b) ………………….. 323 Christian Citizenship Conference in America 629 Hayne ………………………….. 870 – Service Program for Europe (a). Theodore Child Welfare Work for Egypt ………….. 464 Children, Helping the (b) Mrs. Donald Mac- S. Henderson…………………….. 518 Gillivray ……. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. 461 – Training-Prime Requisite (a). W. Dou- – of Asia, Revolutions Among (b) ……..•. 165 glass Mackenzie………………….. 834 CH1LE and Colombia………………… 67 Christmas in the Slums of Tokyo (b). Will- – Missionary Ranch in ……………….. 554 iam J. Hutchins …….. _………….. 285 Chilean Missions, War's Effect on………. 49 Christmas Thought, A ……………..•… 919 Chile's Big Daily Publishes Missionary Re- Church and the Industrial Situation (a). port ……………………………. 120 Charles A. Brooks ………………… 447 CHINA, Agriculture as Related to Evangel- – Going in China, Studv in ……………. 476 ism in …………………………… 704 – Homes for Enlisted Men …………•.•. 151 – and the Vatican ………….·………… 90 – Missionary Society in Canada …….•…. 814 – at the Cross Roads (b) Lewis Hodous…. 16 – Bandits Test of Christians in……. . . . .. 73 – Borden .Memorial Hospital in (b) George 115 E. Ktng – by BrewtnB' Interests, Invasion of (b) Vanchin J. Wen ………………….. 376 – Celebrating Peace in ……………..•.. 899 – Christian Integrity in ……………….. 900 – Cigarette Smoking ProhibitGd in ……… 811 – Classic from………………………. 232 '11 =Egrpt, quid Welfare Work for ..••…..•.•.• 464 – of all Nations (a). E. J. Helms …..•….. 499 M:dic~' 'p;~~ti~~ . i~: :::::::: ::: :::: :: ::: ~g~ – that Struck Oil. …………….•……. 223 – New Y. M. C. A. Secretary for Cairo …•.• 897 – Union …..•……..•……..•..•…..• 325 – Su~day·School Work in ……………… 149 – Union Real and Artificial (b) …•…….. 487 Egyptians and the Gospel. . . .. . .. .. • .. . .. . .• 243 – Work Campaign at Mount Holyoke. Vir· England, Women's Night Patrol in ………• 227 ginia M. Bliss……………………. 884 Epi~copal C.ampaign, Nation Wide (b) …… 645 – Workers, College Course for…………. 64 Eskimos, Light for the ……………….. 225 Cigarette Smoking Prohibited in China …… 811 Europe, American Op.p0rtunity in……….. 470 Colleges, Best Methods for …………….. 880 Colombia and Chile……….. ……..•….. 67 – Christian Service Program for (a). Theo- Colored Migration, Needs due to ………… 225 Columbus Centenary, Teaching Missions to dore S. Henderson………………… 518 -Japanese Christian View of. ………….. 245 Multitudes ………………………. 647 – Plans for Post-War Evan/!,elism in…….. 67 Community Spirit Put to Work in America … 313 – R~ligi.ous R~construction 10 (b) ..•…….. 729 Conference of Federated Missions in Japan.. 73 Confucian Teacher Gives a Whole School…. 142 Famme 10 India, Food or. . . . . . .. • . . . . • • . … 145 Congo, Christianity and Cannibalism on the .• 708 – Facts about the……………………. 74 Farm School for Filipinos ………….•…. 628 – Plans for the ……………………… 235 Continuation Committee in Japan ……….. 703 Farming in India….. …………….••..•. 71 Conversion of a Hafiz……….. . . . . . . . . . .. 623 Federal Council of Churches (b) ………… 570 Coope, Anna, Sky Pilot to San Bias Indians (a). Belle M. Brain ………………….. 281 Federation, Historic Step in ………….•.. 137 Council of Women for Home Missions ……. 395 – Anunal Meeting of the…………… … 222 -Methods for the Coming year …………. 213 Country Parish, Problems of the (a). Paul L. – of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Vogt …………………………… 851 Crusade for a clean Nation (b) ..•……….. 161 Meetinl, of the. Louise C. Knox .•….. : 300 Cuba, Coordination in …………………. 154 – Progress in……………………….. 66 Filipinos, arm School for…………….. 628 – Social Worker in …………………… 316 – Learn by Imitation………………… 236 Czecho·Slovaks, Bibles for …..•……….. 622 Financing, Questionable Church ….'…….. 490 – Outlook for the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Finland Adopts Prohibition……………. 623 Dana, Rev. Charles A…….. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149 Dangers Ahead, Avoiding (b)…. . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Flanner House, Indianapolis……………. 713 Death, Organized Fight against (a). Dr. Guy Forelgn~Born, Americanizing the …….. o ••• 151 W. Hamilton…………………….. 759 – Woman, What You Can Do for the…… 889 Foreigners in a New Jersey Town ……….• 552 DEATHS- – Successful Work among…………….. 224 – Andrus of Turkey, Dr. Alpheus ……..•.• 237 – Bashford of China, Bishop….•……… 478 Forman College Adds Industrial Courses…. 624 – Briggs of Siam, William Albert …..•.•..• 478 – Chapman, D. D., Rev. J. Wilbur ……..•. 156 Foundation Missionary Work …………… 716 – Cohen of Safed, Palestine, Rev. James …. 156 France and Her Moslem Subjects.. . . . • . . . .. 472 – Daniels, Miss Margarette……………. 76 – Ferguson of Africa, Abbie P ………….. 635 – Bibles wanted in …………………… 896 -Jones of New York, Dr. George Heber…. 557 – Jukes of Madagascar, Rev. Charles …….. 156 – Chinese Paper in…………….. . . . . • .• 621 – Kerr of Morocco, Dr. Robert …………. 478 – McWilliams of Brooklyn, D. W ……….. 319 – Moral Leadership in ………………. ,. 711 – Pierson of China, Rev. Isaac …………. 980 – Richard of China, Timothy …………… 635 – Opportunity in .••..•••..••••.•…..•..• 910 – Schaumer of New York, Dr. A. F ……… 318 – Protestant Christian Work in ……•…..• 726 – Sprague of China, Rev. W. P …. ·………. 478 – Walter of India, Rev. H. A …………… 155 – Protestant Neighbors in …………….. 318 – Warren, Edward Kirk ………………. 319 – Wherry of China. Dr. John ………. 156, 237 – Salvation Army in.. . . . . . . .. ………..• 68 Decalogue, Public Schools and the.. . .. • . . .. 62 – WJ1en the Chinese Return from (b) …•… 56Z Demobilization and the Churches.. . . . . . . . . .. 223 Denmark and Missions ………………. 711 – WIth the Army of Occupation in ………• 545 Detroit and Prohibition ……………….. 348 Freedmen's Mission in Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 De..i1-Worshippers of the Caucasus ……… 712 Doctors and Nurses, Training Native (b). O. French Children, Gospel for ……………. 815 – Mission in London …………………. 970 R. Avison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771 – Missionary Interest Stimulated ……….. 228 Doukhobor Help for Russia ……………. 468 – Prote~tant Missions…………….. 621, 809 Drink in China, Danger of Strong (b). Amos – SpeakIng Protestants……………….. 621 – Students, Christian Federation of…….. 970 P. Wilder ………………………. 530 – Question, Mohammedans and the (a). German Missions after the War (a). Burton Samuel M. Zwemer ……………….. 365 St. John… .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . .. 251 – Testimony of Scientists on …………… 339 – Table of……………….•………… 257 – Verdict of Army and Navy on …………. 35 – Verdict of Industry on……………… 340 -What Shall be Done with (b) …………. 246 – Verdict of Science on Intoxicating (b). Germany, Religious Freedom in ……..•…• 896 Cora Frances Stoddard.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 337 Ginting, Smith Centers on……………… 884 – Verdict of Statesmen on…………….. 346 – with Cold Type, Fighting Sl.rong……… 328 Giving, African ……………………….• 465 Drive for Funds. Cooperative………….. 223 Drugs, Increase in Sale of Habit-Formiilg …. 446 – By-Product of Christian Missions ……..• 633 Ebina of Japan, Interview with Dr. (b). Wm. – Out of Poverty……………………. 901 J. Hutchins……………………. .. 522 Economic Aspects of the Liquor Problem (a). Gospel Cruisers and Chapel Cars (a). Coe Hayne …………………………• 870 Charles Stelzle…………………… 341 Eddy, Dr. G. Sherwood on Evangelism in Gracey's Dream, Ida (b) …. " …. " ……•• 953 India ………………………•••• 898 Great Britain, Decrease of Crime in ……… 815 Education in Japan, Advance in …………. 627 Greatest Need of the Hour. John R. Mott.•. 10Z – Organized Religious…. . . . . . . . … . . . . . .. 467 – Plans of the Student Volunteer Movement, GREECE, Red Triangle Wanted in…….•.. 228 Greek. Bible in Modern ……………….. 7U Missionary (b). J. Lovell Murray ……. 881 – Spiritual Element in America's (a). W. GUATEMAJ,.A, Flu Creates Missionary Op- Douglas Mackenzie……………….. 834 portullity In ………………………. 631 – Food and Strong Drink in …………. 154 – Man for the Place in ………………..• 630 – Mission, Restoration of. …………….. 895 – Then and Now in Sanarate …………… 226 – Transformed by a Printed Pa&,e ……….. 225 Hafiz, Conv.ersion of a …..•…………… 623 Haiti, Revolutions in ………………….. 714 Hampton's Fiftieth Anniversary. . . . . .• . . . . .• 553 Hausas, Opportunity Among the ………… 235 Hawaii, Modern Methods in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.

Health £ssay Contest in China ……… , …• 811 Highlands, Southern Mountain Workers' Con.

ference in the…… .. . .. . . . … .. . . .. . .. 543 Hindu Gods as Rain Make,……………… 306 – Setting, Christianity in a ……..•..•.•… 474 Hinduism, "General Assembly" of..•…….. 230 Home and Foreign Missions Conferences (b) 87 – Mission Institute ………………..•.•• 891 – Week (1)). M. Katherine Bennett……… 887 Hom~ .Missionary Moyement (b) ………. 905 – MISSIOns, EffiCiency In ………………. 891 – Importance of…………………….. 824 VIn -Include? What Do …………………. 824 – Missionary Movement……………….. 10 Hospital, Gospel at.Rankine …•….•..••..•. 811 – World Movement …………………… 403 Huss, StrategIc Land of John ……….••.••• 622 Interdenominational Missions…………… 61 Hymn, Crusade of Compassion. Laura Scher- International Prohibition Confederation (b). er Copenhaver ..•………..•.••….••.. 795 Charles Scanlon .•..•…•..•………… 385 Idols in Rubbish Heap in Africa …….••…. 631 – Reform Bureau …… " … '" • " .. " .. _" 388 Immigrants, Federation of Missions to…. . .. 553 Intoxicants and Drugs in China (b). E. W. Immigration, America's Debt to (a). Mrs. Thwing …•…….•.•…………….. 374 Eva Clark Waid …………………… 839 – and the Social Evil (b). Winfield Scott India, Agricultural Missions ….•……•….. 706 Hall …………………………… 335 – At the Vellore Hospital. .•.•…•….•…• 617 Ireland, Religious Liberty in…………… 710 Islam Losing Ground in Africa? Is………. 565 – Basel Mission in South.. • . . • . . .• . . . . . . .•• 147 – Bibles for the Unlearned …….•..•..•… 231 – Old Order Changing in ……………… 472 – Charade with a Moral. ………………. 231 – Christian Ethics of Non-Christians in ….. 473 – War and …………………………. 546 Israel in Eastern Asia, Prayer (or. . • • • . • • • • .. 704 – Christian High School for South ..•…•… 305 – Wbat is the Hope of …. _. .. . .. . . •. •. • • .• 169 – Christian Journalism in Western ………. 473 Italian Gir~ Christian School for .••.•…•.. 815 – Christward Movement in ………….•… 241 Italians in Toronto ……………………. 895 – Church, Union in (b) ……………… 903 In Italy, Eva,ngelical Influences at Work in .••• 546 – Constructive Evangelism in ……..•….. 145 – Faki(s gT~Ienra.p.e.u.t.i.c.s………………………………….. .. 810 – Gospel the Vernacular.. . .. .. . • • .. .. . •. 711 – Farmin 71 – Protestant Progress in………………. 168 Jamaica, Obeah Practice in ……•…•••••.• 715 – Fighting to Overcome Honesty in ……… 145 Japan, Advance of Education in ..•…..•…. 627 – Food or Famine in ..•……………….. 145 -after the War ……………………… 812 – Growin~ Interest in Christianity in……. 230 – Industrtal Mission Self-Supporting in….. 810 – Aiding Morphia Trade, Is ……………. 310 – and Democracy……………………. 477 – Jorhat .Christian Schools in. . . . . . . . .. •. . .. 624 – 'Magazine for the Women of………….. 71 – and the Korean Revolntion. (b) ………. 654 – Anti-American Riot. in (b) ……….•.•• 481 – Masses and the Classes in (a). J. C. R. – Bible Classes for Women in •••••••••••• 812 Ewing ………………………….. 259 – Buddhism vs. Christianity in (b) ……..•• 641 – Medical Work for Women in (a). A. S. Kugler …………………………. 788 – Buddhist Missionary Methods in .••…..•. 233 – Call to Three Religions……………… 900 – Moslems and Religious Susceptibilities in – Chair of Christianity Proposed in .•……• 550 (b) ……………………………. 489 – Children of Light in ………………… 703 – National Missionary Society …..•.•…..• 706 – Native Evangelism in……………….. 71 – Christmas in the Slums of Tokyo (b). Will· – Naturalizing Christianity in…………. 163 iam J. Hutchins …………………… 285 – Conference of Federated Missions in. . . .• . • 73 – N estorian Christians in……………… 548 – Continuation Committee in …..•…..•… 703 – New Commission on ……..•…•…….• 897 – Henry C. Mabie Memorial in …•……..• 551 – Peace and Unity in (b) ……………… 483 Cleanin8'~In… – Personal Evangelism in ………..•…… 898 – House Cleaning an Heart 627 – Intervi ew with Dr. Ebina o f (b). Wm. J. – Recent Disturbances in (b) …..•….•… 644 Hutchins ……………………….. 522 '- Salvationists in …………………….. 473 – Temperance Conference …………•….. 373 – Labor Cause in ……………………. 812 – Missionaries and Democratic Ideal. in… , 74 – to America, Interpreting (b)…………. 247 – Moral and Religious Conditions in (a) …• 928 – Transformation in Dornakal………….. 706 – News from Kobe …………………… 627 -Two Views of Home Rule in ………..•.. 305 – Newspaper Evangelism in …•……..•.. , 627 – U r.lifting the Outcastes of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 725 – On the Death of a Son in ……… , …… 234 – VIllage Schools for Mass Movement Con- verts in …………………………. 230 – Outlook in (b). James H. Pettee…….. 13 – Patriotism and Religion in …………… 725 – Want? What Does ………………… 146 – Temperance Movement in (b). Sidney L. – Waste of Caste System in ……………. 624 – Where Poverty Leads to Suicide••..•..•.. 145 Gulick ..•………………………•• 378 – To Entertain Sunday School Workers in .• 812 – Woman's Movement in………………. 70 – Work of Christian Women in ………… 234 – Women of the Jungle in ………….. 30$ Japanese Christian View of Eurolle ..•••••.• , 245 Indian Children at the Alert Bay Mission (a). – !,nd Mi~sion. in Shantung (b) ••••••••• tor – 10 Amertca ……….. .. . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. • 6' Miss Anne Forrester …..•……….. " 597 – Girl a Y. W. C. A. Secretary…………. 629 – Institutions. Fertile Soil in………….. 703 – Snake Dancin&' …………………….. 316 – Intensive Training for………………. 74 – Students in Sympathy with Christianity. . .. 898 – Village!,: Bible in ………………….. 547 – Peasant Sect ………………………. 703 – Statesmen on Christian Missions (a). Baron Indians, l'irst Americans (a). Thomas C. Shimpei Goto …………………….• 657 Moffett ……………………..•…. 856 – Visitors, Creating an Atmosphere for ..•• 417 – Good Church Attendants ……..•…….. 894 – Hope for American (b) ……………… 820 – Women in Industry ……… " ………. 310 Japan's Factories, Need for Christ in (a). -New Plans for the Vanishing …………. 315 J. Merle Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 – of South America ….._. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. … 969 Java, Missj~p.ary ~rospec~~ ~n. . . . • . . • . . . . . •• 979 – Unitingto Care for Neglected (b) ……… 484 Jerusalem, Carrymg On 10 …………… 311 Indian's Twenty-third Psalm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 India's Children, More Teachers for.. . . . . . .. 146 – To Preserve Ancient. ……………… :. 808 Jesus Christ All and in All (b). Samuel M. – Goal-Total Abstinence (a). Brenton Tho- Zwemer ……………………….•• 409 burn Badley……………………… 369 In Jewish Ameri.can Conll'ress.. . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • 8d – National and Christian Progress (b). Frank – Assembly Palestme. . • • . • . • . .. • . • . •• • .• 708 W. Warne …………………..' ….. 21 Jewish Evangelization in America (a) ….••. 946 – Present Distress …………..•..•…..•• 242 – Mission Conference …………………. 466 Industrial Experiment in Borneo………… 556 – Missions, Cooperation in (b) ..•.••…..•• 485 – Mission Self-Supporting….. . . . . .. • . . . . .. 810 – Problems in Umted States, Church and (b) 817 Jews, Affairs of Zion… .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. .. • 62 – in Eupt………………………….. 897 – Situation, Church and (a). Charles A. Brook••••…•…•…•..•….•…….. 447 -Join Christian Chnrches……………… 622 – Outlook for Missions to the (a). S. B. – Training in Missions, Value of (a). J. Du Rohold …………………………. 123 Plessis …………………………. 411 – Work for the Syrian Mission …………. 149 – Presb)'terian Chnrch and the…..••..••.. 224 Jihad, Missions and the……………….. 228 – Workers, Needs of the (a). Fred H. Ju-Ju House, Burning a ……………….. 809 Rindge …………………………. 41 Kansas Sunday Schools and the State Fair. • .• 630 Industry on Drink, Verdict of…………… 340 Katanga, Men and Minerals in (a). John M. Influenza among the Africans …………… 312' Springer ………………. . .. . .. … 421 -Rages in all Lands………………….. 237. Kentucky, Mission of the Moonlight School.. 630 Inner Missions, Lutheran ..••.•.••.•••••..•• 466 Khaki 'theological School••.•….••••.•.•••• 151 Interchurch, Churches and the (a) ………. 649 to…………….. Kitchener Memorial Col1e~e.••..••.•••.•.••• 235 – Missionary Alliance (b)……………… 81 Korea, Christian Church 309

l'AGI! P7Z1 Mecca after the War

_ Christianity an upen Sesame in ….•…•.. 144 – Lepers take Bible Examination in ……… 813 Men and Morals in Central America Cb). Paul – New Crisis in (b) ……….•……•…. 323 _ Offered His Baby in Payment ………… 144 Burgess ………………………… 588 Mesopotamia, Irrigation Canal for ……..•.. 312 _ Opinm Ordinance for… . • . .. . . . . . . . . . … 90.1 Mesopotamian Forces, Among. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 547 – Ready to Become Christian ……..•….. 551 Methodism, Challenge to ……..•…….•..• 714 – Struggle for Liberty in (b) …………… 40.5 Methodist General Conference in Canada…. 65 – Sunday School Institute for Teachers in .. 70.4 – Missionaries, Conference for…………. 714 Korean Church Diligent in Business… …… 74 _ Leaders, Thorough·Going ……………. 144 – Reconstruction Work ………………• 64 Methods for Pastors, Missionary………… 532 – Persecution Verified………………… 628 – of Helying Others do their Work…….• 453 – Tithers, Some …………………••…• 477 Mexican mmigrants, Our Duty to ………• 553 _ Uprising, Reports on the (a) …………. 664 – Ministers make Plans ……………….. 894 Labor Cause in Japan.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 812 Mexicans in Texas, Work Among …… _….. 65 Latin America, Encouraging Signs In (a). Samuel Guy Inman ………………..• 119 – in the Southwest Cal. Josiah H. Heald … 860. MEXICO Advanced Program for Cal. Samuel- – Leprosy in ……….•………………• 316 Guy Inman ………………………. 431 _ Temperance Movements in (a). Webster – Chaplains Needed in ………………… 814 E. Browning …………………….. 361 – Considers Anti·Alcohol Measure, President _ American Missions, A Year of (a). Samuel Guy Inman………………….. ….. 36 of …………………………….. 364 League of Denominations (b) …………… 40.3 – Exchange of Territory in ……………. 315 – Forty·five years after Martyrdom in (b). _ Nations (b) ……………………….• 40.1 Leper Work in the Philippines ………….• 715 Alfred C. Wright ………………… 687 -Have Conditions Improved in (b). Alice Lepers in Philippines, Model Community of.. 76 J. McClelland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 _ Take Bible Examination in Korea ……… 813 – In – Southern ••.•••.•…..•. " . . . . . . . .. 714 Leper's Systematic Giving………… . . • . .• 70.6 -lnterchurch Conference in…………… 244 Leprosy in Latin America ……………… 316 – upder D'fficulties, Working in Cal. Walter _ Ridding the World of (a). Mrs. Wm. M. C. Taylor. • • • • . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 791 Danner …………………………. 753 Miau Men oi China (Poem). J. Franklin Kelly 118 Liberia, Citizenship in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Milwaukee, Successful Experiment in ……• 153 _ President· Elect of. …………………. 90.1 M!n~esot3;, ForestuFin;s in ….. ;;……….. 65 – The Gateway to Africa……………… 556 M1sslOnanes, No Union flours for …….. 635 Liberty Churches, Rise of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 166 Missionary and His Message. (b) …….-…. 567 Liquor Problem, Economic Aspects of the Cal. -Association in Hawaii…•..•.••….•..••• 978 Charles Stelzle ……. _…………….. 341 – Balance Sheet of the War (a). Charles R.

_ Question in South Africa Cal. James 'Votson …………………………. 183 Dexter Tavlor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 – Diplomacy •••••••.•..•.•••.•••••••.••. 913 Literature, Central Committee Cb). Mrs. Mohammedan Women as a Factor ………. 231 Henry W. Peabody ………………… 614 Mohammedans and the Drink Question (a). _ for Women and Children. Alice M. Kyle … 30.1 Samuel M. Zwemer ………………..• 365 – in Mission Fields. Christian ………….. 459 – Christian Education for ……………… 625 ~ Samples f-rom "The New Line" of (b). Montana, Practical Cooperation in (b) ……. 821 Florence E. Quinlan …..•••..••.•••• 612 Moody Bible Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 _ Wealth of New (b). Franklin D. Cogs. Money-ShaH We Accumulate or Distribute well …………..•……………… 60.9 (b). A. A_ Hyde….. …………….. 11 London, Help for Friendless Women in…… 317 Moral and Religious Conditions in Japan Ca).928 Lucknow College, New Record for ……….. 230. Morgan Memonal in Boston, Story of the (a).

Lumberman, Soul Timber in United States E_ J. Helms …………………. _. … 499 Forests …………………………. 467 M'Jrmon Church in New York, New ……… 315 Mormonism on its own Ground, Fighting…. 467 Lutheran "Inner Missions" .' . . . . . . . . . . .. … 466 Lutherans, Union of the (b)……………. 3 – Some Aspects of Modern Cb). Wm. M. Mabie Memorial in Japan, Henry C……… 551 Paden ……………… ,…………. 523 MacDonnell, Mrs. Robert W… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70.2 Mormons of Today and How to Win Them Madagascar, Christian Work in …………. 70.9 (a): William E. Larue ……………. 866 "Mai" Which Means Mother (a). E. Marie – MISSIOn to …………………………. 894 Holmes …………………………. 80.4 Morphia Trade, Is Japan Aiding ………… 310 Malayasia, Christian Education for Moham· Moslem Evangelization, Patience in (b). Geo. medans in……………………….. 625 Swan …………………………… 527 Map, New Use for Missionary ………….. 897 – Good Samaritan ………………•…… 155 Mass Movement Converts in India, Village – Mind, Gospel and the…. ……………. 70 Schools for………………………. 230. – Subjects, France and her………….•… 472 Masses and the Classes in India (a). J. C. R. Moslems and Religious Susceptibilities in Ewing …………………………. 259 India (b)…………………. . . . . . .. 489 Materials, Showing of New Fall Missionary 60.9 – in the United States ………………… 314 MediPc.alHM. Ji.ss ionary, Equipment for the (a). – Outlook Among Turkish Cal. Henry H. Lerrigo …………… …….. Riggs …………………………… 20.4 765 Mountaineers of the South (a). Victor I. – in 4rabla, Experiences of a (a). Paul W. Harrison …. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 784 Masters …..•….•………………. 845 – Missions and Disease Prevention (a). Regi. – Schools for ……………………….. 153 nald M. Atwater………………….. 749 Miiller Orphanages at Bristol. ….•……… 471 National Missionary Society, India . . . . . . . . . . 70.6 – – Distribution of Cal. Burton St. John 735 – – Equilibrium in (b). Caroline Atwater – Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Mason …………….'……….••.• 741 Mrs. Ella A. Boole……………….. 386 – – Exhibit ………•…………•••.••• 318 – Illustrated ……………………….. 710 Native Races Anti·Liquor Traffic Committee. Hervey Wood ..•…………………. 386 – in China, Influence of Cal. Rohert C. Negro Citizens in America…….••••.••… 468 Beebe ……….••……………….. 780. – in Georgia, Training………………… 314 – Missionaries, Mission Work for ………•. 15~ -in Africa, Need for Cal. Dr. Catherine L. Mabie ……….••……………….. 731 – Progress of (b)……………………. 728 – Problem, Facing the (b) ……….•…… 81S Negroes, Freedmen's Mission in Alabama….. 893 – Reasons for ..•….. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 730. – Testimonies to Cb). Valeria F. Penrose .. 793 – Welfare Work for………………….. 64 Nelson, Dr. William S…………………. 149 – True Aim of (h) ….•……………….. 727 N estorian Christians in India…………… 548 – Value of. R. Fletcher Moorshead …….•• 740. – Who's Who in Cal. Belle M. Brain .•…. 744 NEW GUINEA. Former German•…….•.. 556 New Hebrides, Deaths in ….•..••.•.••..•.. 979 – Practice in EJ!'VPt………………….. 80.8 – France and the …….•…•…••.•..••..• 978, – Work for Women in India Cal. A. S. Kugler ….•………••…………… 788 – New Jersey Pine Belt …….•……… 894 – New Mexico, Conference of Workers in 5"4 – Workers. Appeal for ………………. ,. 811 – Missionaries, Conference of. … " …….. ; e71'3f_ Newspaper Evangelism in Japan …..••..•. " Medicine Man's Test …•…………….••• 80.9 x

Daniel, Autobiography of (b). Donald Red Cross Work, Coordination of………… 63.3

Fraser ……………………… 603, 683 Relief for Palestine and Syria (b)………. 9 Remedy, Sure ..•……….••…. , . . . . . . . . . alB NIGERIA, Church Goers Number 12,500 in 632 Rockefeller Foundation, China Medical Board – Mass Movement in…………………. 236 of the (a). Roger S. Greene.. • . . . . . . •. 7If> Northfield, Home Missions at. Alma Noble•. 693 – Gift, New ………………………… 89.3 Nurses, Call for Missionary (b). T. Dwight Roman Catholicism, Vatican Decree ……..• S4S Rural Church Goers, Sunday House for. . . . .. 153 Sloan ………………………….. 774 – Districts, Better Leadership for …….. ;. 22~ – Training Native Doctors and (b). O. R. RUSSIA, Appeal from (b). Archbishop Platon 689 Avison ..•…………..•…………. 771 – Doukhobor Help for……………….. 4lilJ Nyassa Industrial Mission. . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . . . 76 – Outlawed Vodka, When (b). Ivan V. Ne- Old Year and the New (b)…………….. 1 Prash ………………………….. 601 Opium, China's President and …………… 141 – Prayer for ………………………… 31B' – in Shanghai, Destruction of……… . . . . . 72 – Ordinance for Korea………………. 901 – Shall Christians Intervene in (b) ……… 40B – §yndicate, p<;ath to the……………… 475 Russian Church, Bolshevism and the..•.•.. 169 – • raffic Revtv1Og……………………. 62 – Civic Club ……………………… 630 Orientals in Utah ……………………. 154 – Orthodox Church Reorganized ….••••..• 46.5 Over There, War and Religion (a). Philip E. – War Prisoners, Plan to Educate……… 7U1 Russian Church, Bolshevism and the …….. 169 Howard ………………………… 289 Pageant on the Year's Theme, New.. . . . . . . .. 696 SSaalbtbaanthaJ Enemies of the ……………. .'.. 314 Palestine, Achievements in ……………… 311 it. Savor in China (a). Charles E. – and America………………………. 69 Scott …..•…………………• 109, 274 – and Syria, Relief for (b)…………….. 9 – Lake City, 1Iome for Students in……… 65 – Bureau at Work ………••..•……….• 979 Salvation Army Around the World (a). Wm. – Gentile and Jew in…………………. 310 _inHFr~~~~:::::::::::: :::::::: :::::: ::::: 5~ -Jewish Assembly i~ …………………. 708 Samoa, Self·Determination in …………..• 628 – Present Condttton 10 (b) …………….. 721 Sanitation, Missionaries and …………… ,' 634 – Some Fruits of Victory in ……………. 148 Santo Domingo-Missionary "Blind Spot" (b) 723 Panjab, Boy Scouts in the …………….. 474 Savara Mis.ion Field ………………….. 548 Paraguay's Welcome to Missionaries . . . . . . . . 121 Schools, Bible Reading in ·Public (b)'….•… 248 Pastors, Missionary Methods for…. . . . . . . .. 532 Science on Intoxicating Drink, Verdict of (b). Patience in Moslem Evangelization (b). Cora France's Stoddard.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 337 George Swan …………………….. 527 Scientists on Drink, Testimony of . . . . . . . . . . . 33.'9 Peace, Will Christanity Insure (b). " …….. 568 Scotland, Remarkable Bihle Class in…….. 61- Peking, Union Langnage School in ……….. 550 Scriptures for Africa.. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . … 464 PERSIA, Crisis in ……………………. 482 – into, Serbia, Getting………………… 622 – Industrial Aid for ………………….. 229 Seminaries, Cooperation in …………… ~ .• 408 – Peril of (b). Frederick G. Coan………. 23 SERBr~ Getting Scriptures into ………… 62:1 – Sufferings of Missionaries in (a). Fred- Service l'lag, Unfurling a ………………. 69-5 – Recruiting Soldiers for Christian (b).. . . 8 erick N. Jessup .. ; ………………… 198 Shall We Accumulate or Distribute (b). A. A. PERU, Honors to a Scotch Missionary in …• 119 Hyde ..•……………… ;………. 11 – Reaction Toward Spirituality in……….. 67 Shanghai, Vorking Boys in ……. ~ . . . . . . . . . 30B Peruvian, Conversion of a…… . . . . . .. …. 470 Philanthropists on Temperance, Verdict of. .. 334 SHANTUNG Award and Missions (b) .•..•. · 642 PHILIPPINES, Bible Distribution in the .•. 715 Shantymen's ,Christian Association ………• 553 – Literacy in the: …………'…………. 716 Shut.In,:> Missionary Methtids for (b) …… ;· 9£3 – Model Commumty of Lepers. . . . . . . . . . . … 76 SIAM, l.,eper's Systematic Giving in ..•….. 70f> – New Field in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 628 – Tableau in ……………………….. : 72 Plague, Famine, Flood and War in China …. 233 – Tac.tful Preaching in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 625 POLAND, Protestantism in ……………. 815 – Wild Folks of ….. .-… -…….. : ……. ; 548 – Why No Love for America in ……..•… 896 Pole Buys up Bibles … '…………….. '… 552 Siam's New National Flag:……………. 30.6 PORTO RICO, Earthquake in………….. 66 SIBERIA, Religious Monthly -in ……….• ~ 712 – Mission Laboratory ………..•..•……. 468 – Social Reforms in ……… :…………. 85 Signs of Progress ,itlAI:iskil (a). John W. PORTUGAL and Her Students ………… , 545 Chapman …………..•………….. 491 Posters and Charts ……………………. 691 Silver Bay Missienary Education Conference 69.:1 -New ………….. '" ………•…..•. 699 Simultaneou~ MeetitJ.gs, Attention for. . . . . •.. 616 Prayer. J. H. J.ow<;tt. ………….•…….• o~> Shuns Call for Help, Rurai.': ………….. : 223 – Cost of Editonal………………….. '13 Small·Pox and Superstition ………..••…. 81)) – First and Last …………………….. 6'11 Smith Centers on Ginling……………… : 884 – for Israel in Eastern Asia. . . . . . . . • . . . . . .. 704 Social Evil, Intoxicants and the (b). Winfield m Presbyterian Church and the Jews ….•….• 224 Scott Hall. '. '. ~ • , , . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 335 – Reforms in Porto Rico (b)…………… 135 p,.i~~!aarp~;!~~ . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: 2m Soldiers, Christian Opportunity among (aJ. Lemu~l Call B,arnes….. . . . .. . .. .. ….. Prison, Need of the Mag in.. . . . . . . • . . . . . • .. 892 Prizes, $1,200 in Missionary ……………. 236 – EducatIOnal Shows Over Seas for.. • . . . . .. 227 Prohibition and World Peace, World ……•. 170 – For Handicapped………………….. 6B – Detroit and …………………… ;. … 348 – Finland Adopts……………………. 623 South Africa General Mission, Angola and the 46.5 -JUly 1st, National. …………………. 63 – America; Borrowing an Image in ..• '. . •• .. 71S – of Alcohol in Africa (a). Harry H. – Cosmopolitan ……………………..'. 226 – Indians of………………………… 969 Johnstone . • • . . .. • .. . .. .. • • .. • .. .. … 426 South, Religious Need. of……………… 968 – Some Practical Results of (a). Harry M. Southern Baptist Campaign . . . . . . . . . . • . . • :. 813 Chalfant … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 347 Spanish Women, Good News for…………. 471 – Why America Adopted (b). Charles Scan. SPAIN, A Christian Leader in ……. ,'…… 971 – Religious Toleration in (b) ………. 561, R96 Ion …………………………….. 357 – Workinl!' for World Wide (b) ………… 322 Statesmen, on Drink, Verdict of……..•.• ·:. 348 – Works 10 Canada, How (b). W. H. Grif- Statistics for the United States, Religious .•.• 823 – Interesting, .' ….. " .. . .. . . .. • .. .. .. . …. 7~ fith Thomas ……………………… 359 – Some Startling ……. __ …………… ; • 61 – World Wide Progress of (a). Guy Hayler. 351 Protestant Episcopal Church, New National Step, The Next (b). Cornelius H.Patton …• 460 Straits Settlemenrg;' Neutralizer 'fot Chris- Committee ……………………… 314 tian Missions in…………………… 301 Publications, How to Use the New Junior (b). , Student Vohmteer Declaration, First …•…. Mn J. Gertrude Hutton …..•.••.•….•….. 611 Students, Hosts to Foreign. Charles D. Hurrey 8.8) Rainbow Campaign …………………… 303 Rarotonga, Bibles and Soldiers in……….. 477 StudY' Book Glance Backward and Forward. Reconstruction and the Church …………. 915 Mrs. Frank M. Goodchild ……..•.••… 70D Recruiting Soldiers for Christian Service (b) 8 – Books, New. Mrs. John S. Allen..•…••. 391 Reconstruction and the Church•.•.•……•.. 915 – Class, Practical Mission.. . . . . . . . .• •••••.• ll9it Red Crescent Nurse in Turkey, A {a) ••..•… 949 Sufferings of Missienaries in Persia (a). Fred- Xl

'. erick ]!I. Jeasup •.•….• ; ………….. , 198 U-UnG.~lAlo1nNaTfDeorABA,oylNasIektwta.,.C.Ca.ht.hr.ie.sd.t.riaa..nl .in………..•………….•.•

1;qIlATRA. Island of Supentltion•.•. , •..• , S57 632 SIunsna- Conferencea, Gleanings from. the .•.• 691 …•..•..•…..•. -~I Ddeaate, Duties of a ..•…•.••• 822 -~ools ……. ……. … .. ……….. 803 . 398 – In ChIna, Proaress of Church …•…•..•. 565 SIuuIa,. Re.t in China………………… 476 -l,angnage School in Peking ..•..•..•….. , 550 -&!iool Attendance, War DecreaBe..; •.••• , 710 – Monment in Australia ……….••.••..• 246 -Convention in Tokyo ……….••…….. 703 – of N.eig~borhood Housea ……….•…… 552 -Instltute for Teachera in Korea .•..••..••. 104 -Seminanes, Cooperation in…………. . 468 – Pl….. World……….. . ………….. ISS U- Welsh Preebyterian Vote for …..•…. :. 891 -'-' Work itt. Egypt…….. " . " … " •…•. , 149 Wor~in P~oti~fu, China . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 625 -Worlcen tn 1ap~ To Entertain .•…•…• 812 ttl~. nanclal. ampaign…………….. 813 – $dtoola and the :>tate Fair….. … . .. …. 630 – Ml~lonar1._~f1v.e………….. ………• 10 – 111 Ki.anavin, Ragged……………….. , a32 – N abonal o..aIIlpalgn in Canada….. . . •.• 566 -·Gain in~oreign Field………. " •…… , '2 – Statea, Clurch and Industrial Problema in _-in Brazil…………………………. 469 (b) ……………………………. 817 in………… Syndicates, Advance Step in lli.ai.onar,….•. 616 – Religious Statistic. for the …..•..•..•••• 823 aYRIA. Armies and Di.tre.. 69 – ~tu~,. of .th!, World's Needs (b) …••….. 167 – FamoUII for Truth Telling…………… 147 Uttlty 10 Mls'lona~y Work, Demand for (b). 1. Campbell WhIte…….• " •. , " •….•. , 579 -IiI.,…., – How Turks Conduct an Orphanage in (ll). from ……………………. 909 – War'. Contribution to Christian (a). Will- -Modem Martyri in…………………. 149 iam Adams Brown……….. .. . . . . . .. • 97 – lI.elief for Palestine and (b)……….. .• • 9 URUGUAY, Union Grauate School in . . . 554 Stephen Trowbridge………..•…•••…. 287 – Wide Open Door in ….•..•..••……. :. 470 5;:rian Millsion, Industrial Work for the…..• 149 U'talt .Gospel ¥isaion……………….. •.• 894 -:Protestant College ………….•..•…•.. 546 – Onentsl. In .•…..••.•…………….. 154 ~·Protestant Collegs, Prince Faiaal and the .• 707 – Working Together in. Herbert W. Reherd 395 T.mil EYlUlIJe1istic Society •… , ……•….. , 146 VlUtIIar, Securing an Audience for a Missionary 'teaching MISsions to Multitudea (b) ••…… 647 at. Margaret S. Holley……………. 885 m Temperance-But How? ••……••……… 3lW Vellore, Ambulance for…………….. . . .• 695 =:to~t'l'; 'j~~~' (h): 'Si~ 'i,: ~ ffi.iieJt – Hospital, At the ….•…•…..•………. 617 Venezuela, Selling Bibles in. '" ..•…….•.• 316 Vermont, Church Unity in …….•………. 153 -¥ovements in Latin America (.). Webster E. Browning …••…..••….•…… ;. 361 Vodka, When Russia Outlawed.' Ivan V. -NIDDber, Why a World ………………. 327 Neprash …. . • . • . . • • .• . . • • • • • . . . . . . .• 601 -One Hundred Yean Ago and Now (b). Walden.ians in War Time ..••….•……… 621 , Harer S. W.rner.•…………….•… 331 War African Reconstruction after the (a). -O"rpaizatlona. Addresses of some I,e~.. 388 john H. Harris •••….•…..•..•…..•• 103 -and Islam …. _••……………………• 54. -.OgJanizations are Doing, What some (b). . Charlea SC.nlon……..•…..•..•….. J8S – Religion "Over There" (a). Philip E. -to Viasiona, klation of (b) …………. 326 Howard …………………….. 289 -,-Verdict of Philanthropists on.•.•..•….. 334 – German Mission. after the (a). Burton St. _ -·Verdict of the Bible on …… " …•.. '" .. ;f30 J.~:k.n~;;''' B'ai~~~~" Sh~i' ';'i' ih~" (~): 251 Charles R.. Watson …..•………….• 183 'fen Comm.ndments, Publicity for the .•….. 152 Tstimonies to Medical Mis.ion. (b). Valeri. F. Penrose…………………… 793 War's Contribution to Christian Unity (a). TiIlct-Books Snga-eMions on the N.ew (b). William Adams Brown…………….. 91 Mrs. Hallie !,inn Hill … _• • • . . .. • • . .• 888 – Effect on Chilean Missions…………. .. 469 ~ro:t ~I~~: _~~. ~~~ ~.f. ~~~'. ~~~ .~~~~: 209 Welsh Presbyterians Vote for Union…….• 891 Will of God for the World (b). Samuel M. Zwemer ……..•………. , ………. 656 '.ltlree Leading Questions Answered (b). Samuel M. Zwemer……… ••…….••• S26 Woman Doctor'. Opportunity in India, A (a) 924 'I'fBET, Autonomy for ….. '" . . •. . . . . . .. 812 Woman'. Foreigo Mission Bulletin. Mrs. Wm. ".,"."-,w,,lliCasllu0u'!tKra7n Inn t ed to Lhasa . ~. . . . . . . . . .• 900 H. Farmer •….. 137, 300, 459, 617, 803, 963 it,., Opening of (0) . Roderick – Home Mission Bulletin. Florence E. Quin- A. McLeod………………………. 18 lan ..•••.•••.•••..•••••.•.•…… 699, 887 ~:y ~~ iWhlrel.. r;.(.ij:ii~;.:y.R~~; 474 57 218, 395, 541 – lLiuionary Societies and Prohibition (b). c!lcins ••…..•………•…………. 505 Mrs. Henry W. Peabody .•….•……… 390 Troo, Sunda,. School ConTention in .. _•.. '" 703 – MOTement in India….. . . . . . . • . . . . • • . . . . 70 Tooleer Memorial-For Chinese Children …. 895 Women in Africa, Raising the Status of….•• 555 "l'opoke Tribe and Chriftianity. . . . • . . • . . • • .. . 977 – in Church Government, China………… 704 'tri.ct Distribut,ion Brings R.eeult9 … " … '" 89S – in India, Medical Work for (a). A. S. ~de Factor, Misaioruuy a ..•..•…….. " . 61 Kugler ………..•…..•..•……..•. 788 TUNIS Put and Present, Chrilltianity In (a). – in 1apa~,!> Work of Chri!'tian ..•…••…..• 234 Arthur V. Liley ….• '" . •• • . . • • . . . • .. •. .69 -of the !~ear East, Helptng the .••……… 623 '!l'nrkey Conncts its War I.eaderlt.••…•…. 707 – of the West (Poem) ..••……………… 801 -Yifteen New Hospitals for …….••……. 229 – Wider Field for (b). Mrs. Henr,. W. -Ilental and Spiritual Reconstruction in. '" 623 Peabody ..•..•••….••.•..•….••••.• , 139 -Miasionaries to lleiUTeGate (b)……….. 84 WOlIlen'. Work in Ceylon …•…••….••.•. 624 -.a.eadiuatments in (b)…….. …••……. 4 WonK of Shanghai, Dr.••..•.•….•..••••••• 627 – A Red CfflICen.t Nurse itt (a) ••••••••• ~ 949 World Friendship Alliance •••..••.••••••••.. 980 ~ GOTe1'll…. Huna for Armenian' Ma… Yale '98 Band. Robert E. Hume ………… 883 sacra " ',' •…. " …. " _.. . . . . . . . . . . .. 412 Y. M. C. A., Report of.. •……..••……•• 814 – Mosleotut, Outlook among fa). Henr,. H. – Secretary for Cairo, Ne………………. 897 ltitrll1l •.•….••• _. • • • • • • • • • • • • . .. . • … 204 – Opportunitieoo in China……………… 308 TW'ka, Christi.n Paper for……………. 708 – Protest ••…………………….•..•. 710 –Conduct an O..hanaae, How (b). Stephen – Secretary, Indian Girl a ….•••………• 629 TrOW'bridge. ………….•.•..•••.•..• 287 -1fnder Fire. (b)…………………… 88 -ftro:w WOlIleD out to Starve .•••.•.••. '" 546 – wanted in Greece…………. • . • • . . .. . .• 228 'Twscalooa Confuen.ce (b) ..•.• , . . . . . . . . • ~g – Woyk….. >1"O'fe t"eh Cou~ ..•••.•••••• 634 1'lreatJ;….hird :tnl. . Inellan'••••…•….. " 600 Y. W. C. A. for New York, Olinetle ……… 714

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1919

MISSIONARY

CHAT ARE YOU INTERESTED IN HEALING THE WORLD, BODY AND SOUL!

If you expect to study medical For my sermons, I use t~e large, bold type. …)ssions this year or are interested Then by "Just turning .1 what is being done to help men, the knob" tM "'"<>~ t'l/1;le" I.e "eo.il. ~o" "'"1 women and children in sickness and 'I'""..oo.e oo""ee'l'0"il.e,,oe. distress, you must surely secure the ky S"nd~y School notie.&. October number of The Review. "Many Typewriters In One" It will contain among other articles: Medical Missions 50 Years Ago and Now Would I/OU like to know ..hll the Some contrasts in methods, aims and ~tip~":..l,I.Bm~o~~o~.r ~~Ul:n ~~ results. you in Jour words: Great Achievements of Medical Missions Facts and opinions of unusual interest. Because of iu versatility! Collected by Prof. Warren C. Taylor and Mi.ss Belle M. Brain. The Multiplex Hammond dOfl8 every- thing any other typewriter wlll do, Medical Missions Throughout the World and bo.id.., it you "Just turn the With maps and statistics. knob" you can change from one 8t71e By Rev. Burton St. John. of type. or from one language. to an- other. Note the above specimen Relation of Medical Missions to Evangeli- (slightly reduced) all flIf"itl,.. … th. zation SAME machi…, Pioneering opportunities, testimony, re- No Other Typewriter Can Do Thia sults. No matter who By Dr. Joseph W. Cook. you "re. 'What you Medical Missions and Human Betterment are, or wMr. you are, tbe Multiplex Sanitation, plagues, women and children. Hammond I. the By Dr. Reginald B. Atwater. wrltlDg machine The Need for Native Physicons and for YOU. Mail Nurses ;~ ~glW'':;~ for Women and men-the need-the train- Also a PORTABLE Model ing. Full c8paclty. Weight about 11 pound•. Rockefeller Foundation and Medical Mis- Ask tor special tolder, Mailed tree. sions Inquire about special term. to The plans, the influence on China-A profe••ionals help or a hindrance? ____________Free Folder____________. By Dr, Roger S. Greene and Dr. Robert C. Beebe. THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 571 E.ot 69th St., New York City. An Ideal Medical Mission Plant PI_ send free Folder to: A comparison of American and Foreigil equipment. What a Philanthropist Name _________________________ can do with monev. AdWrnu____________________ Unoccupied Fields in Medical Missions Occupatloo _____________________ By Miss V. F. Penrose.

The Ca'l 10 Medical Missions Today By Mrs" Caroline Atwater Mason"

Medical Missions in Many Lands Arabia. Dr. Paul Harrison. India, Dr. Wanless and Dr. Kugler. China, Dr. Fulton and Dr. Guy HamiltolJ" Africa, Dr. Lehman and Dr. Oyler. Japan, Dr. O. R. Avison.

Send your order for the special •~,1edical Mission Number today!

An extra supply should be secured for your missionary society for use as a supplement to this year's studv books. Copies should be circulated in your church, Take advantage of the special prices, 25c a copy; $2.50 a dozen; $20.00 a hundred; $150 a thousand (prepaid).

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CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-DANI"L NHLANI(, A CENTRAl, A"RICAN.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . . . . . . . . . .. . . 561 RELIGIOUS TOI,ERATIO!'< IN SPAIN PROGRESS 01' CHURCH UmON IN CHINA WHEN THE CHINESE RJ(TURN FROM FRANCE Is ISLAM LOSING GROUND IN AFRICA?

WORKING TOGEctHER IN CHINA A UNITED NATIONAL CAMPAIGN IN CANADA EDITORIAL COMMENT . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 567 THE MISSIONARY AND H[S MESSAGE WILL CHRISTIANITY INSURE PEACll?

THE ·FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES THE BIBLE AND THE WORLD'S FUTURE By HEv. ]. H. RITSON, D. D. 571 The story 0/ Ihe injfttfllre of Ihe Bible Oil the deve'opmcllt of civi'ieJotio1l, and the distribtttioll of the Suiplw'es ill the recent tvar. Ilittstrated with photographs.

THE DEMAND FOR UNITY IN MfSSIONARY WORK By]. CAMPB1lI,I, WHITE, LL,D, 579 THE SALVATION ARMY AROUND THE WORLD By COJ.. WM. H. Cox 581 An accott"t 0/ the varied character aJJd extcllt of the work founded by Gen, l¥illiam Boolh fifty }'cars 0.'10, alld for a part of which .~l",crical1s have'

recentl}, cmrtributcd $[3.(100,000, MEN AND MORAr,S IN CENTRAr, AMERICA , , , . By p. CUIDANO 588 Some illferc.'f;fiuf/ facts about !Itt' charactrrislics of (c,lIra' Amc/·rcans as sec}! bJ' a ChristiaH lUIrO endeavors fa yivc fhe native 7Jiewpoillt.

THl<~ BAHAI PROPAGANDA IN AMERICA By RoW. ROSt.RT M, I.ABARIlF;, D. D, 591 An excellenl slatemcnt 0/ the character Ilild injiuencc of Bahaism for the usc of those who wish material with which 10 combat the work of Bahai missionaries in the Uniled States.

INDIAN CHILDREN AT ALERT BAY MlSSION By M[ss ANNE FORRESTER 597 Au account of some effective work at a ,'n'lOlc altd li/f'c known missiolJ in /lorlhwesl Canada, ill a schoo! whNe Indian ,qirls are trained to be Chris- tian home makers.

WHEN RUSSIA OUTLAWED VODKA , By PROF. IVAN V, NEPR,SH 601 AN AFRICAN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY-I. Translated by RIlv. DONAI,D FRASIlR 603 The story of Do"iel Nhlane, a Christiall cOllvert 0/ Livingstoltia, as to'd by himself.

BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT, . . . . Edited by MRS, E. C, CRONK 6'0 A SHOWING of NEW FAU, M[SSIONARY MATliRIALS THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited bv MRS, W H, FARMER 617 AT CHA,isERSBURG, p,,, AT THE VELLORE HOSPI~'M" INDIA NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 621 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 636 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2,00 in clubs of five,) Foreign postage. 50 cellts, Single copies 25 cents, Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 19[9 by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO~PANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:- EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:- COOPERSTOWN, N. Y. 156 FIFTH AVE" NEW YORK CITY, ROBltR't E, SPEIR, President DELAVAN -1. PIEMON, Secretary FRANK L, BROWN, Vice-President WALtER McDolIGALL, Treasurer DANIEL N. NHLANE-AN AFRICAN CHRISTIAN (See Page 603) EVlEW, VOL AUGUST, 1919 NUMBER EIGHT XLII RELIGIOUS TOLERATION IN SPAIN F IFTY years ago there was not even nominal religious liberty in Spain. Evangelical Christianity had almost disappeared and the Roman Catholics were in full control of State and Church. Bibles were not permitted in possession of the people. No church services were allowed except under the auspices of the priests and friars. Converts to Protestant Christianity were persecuted and imprisoned.

In 1868 religious toleration was proclaimed. Protestants were permitted to live openly according to their convictions and consequently many Spanish refugees returned from France, Gibraltar and elsewhere. The Bible Societies sent colporteurs and the American Board in 1872 opened a school for girls which has since developed into the "International Institute." Probably in fifty years the number of evangelical Christians have increased to fifteen or twenty thousand and the Protestant adherents and sympathizers to one or two million people. There are about one hundred and fifty organized Protestant congregations.

But still there is no complete religious liberty and no true toleration. The Roman Catholics exert such an influence that only recently have Protestant churches been allowed to build their houselS of worship in ecclesiastical style and to have the doors open on the street. A Protestant soldier is still compelled to attend Catholic worship on festival days, and is required to kneel in the street when a religious procession passes. Converts to evangelical Christianity are boycotted and persecuted, and the priests bitterly oppose all Protestant work. But Catholics have much less power than formerly in the government, and Socialists, Protestants and Liberals are demanding the disestablishment of the Roman Church. If the League of Nations includes as one qualification for membership a more liberal and representative form of government, Spain may be 561

obliged to reform her constitution and proclaim full religious liberty.

Even under the present unsatisfaotory conditions evangelical Christianity has made coustant progress. Last year the sale of Bibles increased over thirty per cent; the Protestant churches have united in a Spanish Evangelical Alliance and Christian education is being emphasized. The war has awakened the Spaniards and has caused them to think more earnestly about democracy and freedom of conscience. In France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Serbia and Austria the fate of Catholicism is bound up with the old order and new ideas in government and education mean new liberty in religion.

A Spanish newspaper shows the trend of sentiment in this direction when it reports that "refusal to kneel at Mass on the part of two soldiers and one sailor started a movement of opinion which resulted in a Royal Order exempting from attendance at Mass on festival days every one, who, on joining the army, declares himself non-Catholic." ~nother royal order exempts naval officers from attending the "Mass of the Holy Spirit," which always precedes naval councils of war. ""Ve express our belief," continues this writer, "that religious liberty will be planted in Spain, not so much by irreligious people as by evangelicals. "

WHEN THE CHINESE RETURN FROM FRANCE I T would be impossible to take 140,000 Chinese out of their native surroundings and transplant them in France without producing a decided effect on the life and thought of the coolie laborers, and upon their people at home. These labor battalions were distributed in some 240 centers, helping to prepare camps, make roads, work on railroads, etc. Some forty British and one hundred and nine American and Chinese Christian workers connected with missionary societies and the Y. M. C. A. in China, were appointed to work with these Chinese laborers in Frjlnce. They conducted welfare work, educatioonal cl'asses, ahtletics, entertainment and religious meetings. Only 20,000 of the Chinese have returned home, leaving nearly 120,000 in France to help obliterate the evidences of the war, and to r.eestablish French farmers.

Recently some sixty-nine of the Christian workers met to consider what phase of the work among the Chinese must receive the most emphasis, how the results of the work in France can best be conserved when the coolies return home, and how education can be given to the mass of these laborers in their own land. The effect of life in France has been in some cases to disillusion the Chinese, and cause them to feel that their own Confucian ethics and ideals are better than the form of Christianity they have seen.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

in Europe. As an evidence of this, many who cut off their queues on sailing for F'rance have begun to let them grow. On the other hand, many have become Christians, and have asked to join some Christian Church. As the nearest approach to this in France was the Y. M. C. A., their names have been taken on cards and sent to the missionary workers nearest to their homes in China. The American Board has released one of their leading Chinese Christian workers to conserve the fruit of the Christian work in France. Some thirteen of the Chinese young men have declared their purpose to devote their lives to Christian service on their return to their native land. There is still a large opportunity to influence these coolies who remain in the war areas, and there is reason to hope that their influence will be to strengthen the· Christian Chtlrch when they return home.

WORKING TOGETHER IN CHINA A MISSIONS building is to be erected in Shanghai to house the China Continuation Committee, and to be headquarters for the various union agencies and denominational missions located there. A site has already been secured and the building lVill be a great help in enabling the societies to work together and to benefit by the research work of the Committee. Progress is slow, but much has already Ibeen accomplished in the line of comity, cooperation and united effort.

The Committee's "Statement of Comity" has been accepted by seventy per cent of the missionaries in China, and no group of them has voted to disapprove of it. Movements for both interdenominational and community cooperation have made steady progress, evidencing the general appreciation of the need for the work the Committee is undertaking. Its crowning work is the yet incomplete" Survey of China," which at least one hundred and fifty missionaries kave already cooperated in preparing, and which is expected to be published in 1920. A conference is planned to consider questions arising from the survey, for the facts gathered prove the ignoran~e of the past as to the real situation which we face in China; and that conference will need to provide plans vitally affecting missionary effort for possibly fifty years, and inaugurating a period of real Christian statesmanship, The work of the special committee on Work for Moslems is an instance of undertaking a national evangelistic problem. All along the line cooperation in evangelism is in progress; many specially trained evangelistic leaders are called for, and pastoral work is rapidly passing wholly into the hands of the Chinese Church; but while it retains large responsibility for training church members, institutional work and theological training are transferred to it much more gradually. It is reported to the Committee that the

Chinese Church is making social welfare a definite part of its program. Christian patriotism, equality for men and women, jus- tice to all, and freedom of conscience are among the ideals which the report presents. Christians should reverence their parents in accordance with the Word of God, should raise the age of marriage and eliminate polygamy, base marriage on the consent of the parties, and end foot-binding and slavery, to make the Chinese home truly Christian. Industrially, the Church demands suitable hours fa)' labor, adequate wages, suitab~e work for 'w(lmen and children. and a day of rest. The Chinese Christmn Church opposes the social vice, gambling and the improper use of drugs, and should take part in the care of dependents and defectives. l'he adequate support of the Chinese ministry was discussed, and ample provision for this end was stated to be "true economy." "There is more danger of extravagance in continual foreign reinforcements and a large staff of ill-trained Chinese than in picking, educating, and adequately providing for more of these better equipped Chinese. " For the further promotion of aggressive action in this general field, a Moral Welfare Committee was appointed.

The Continuation Committee also heartily endorsed the plan of the China Christian Educational Association for a five-year program to that end, which divides the country into nine educational districts and involves administrative secretaries, teacher training, institutes, summer schools, a teachers' magazine and text books. The expense of the scheme would be some $16,000 a year for the five-year period, to each of the local associations.

The promotion of the new national language phonetic system is a new feature of the Committee's activities. To the missionary, the chief purpose of its use is to make the Bible known. Millions of pages of Sunday-school literature have already been printed in the script and sold, and it is now possible to place an open Bible in the hands of every church member in China. A diligent propaganda is urging that all Christians learn to use it.

A study of religious education with reference to the special needs of the Chinese children has been begun and the Committee expects to have in the near future a constructive program of religious education for the Chinese Church.

In Christian nooperation, evangelism, the social message and education there are plans projected and ideas under consideration that will bring about the most far reaching changes in missison work in China. The Christian forces in China are now stUdying their whole task, defining their attitude thereto, and seeking for adequate plans to meet worthily their responsibility. The secret of successful cooperation in the mission field is this united work of various agencies in each country-then the churches at home must come together in their program for world evangelization.

19191 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

PROGRESS OF CHURCH UNION IN CHINA SINCE the adoption last year of plans looking toward union in China of all the Presbyterian bodies on the one hand and the churches of the American Board and the London Mission on the other, there has been decided progress. When the commit- tee met in January, representatives of the English Baptist Mission, the Foreign Christian Mission and th~ American Friends' Mission met with them. All Indian, West China, Western and other mod- ern creeds were rejected, and on the proposal of one of the Chinese delegates the Ap0i3tles' Creed was adopted as an articulate ex- pression of the great fundamentals upon which all were agreed.

The plan of church government adopted is essentially Presby- terian. The Congregational brethren confess that circumstances compel them to organize, and when they do, the most natural form . for them is the Presbyterian form. The four church courts are to be the local church, the district association or presbytery, the di- visional councilor synod; and the General Assembly. The General Assembly is to meet once in three years. The name adoptEd is the United Church of Christ in China, and in Chinese "Kwei-I Kung Hui," although this is not fully decided upon.

IS ISI-JAM LOSING GROUND IN AFRICA?

W HILE Christianity and Mohammedanism are still contend- ing for spiritual domination in Africa there are evidences that North Africa will never again be controlled by the decadent cults of Islam. The war and French rule have made great changes. Even before 1914 the French had rebuilt the old Roman roads. Irrigation is, overcoming the desert, and olive orchards are springing up in the Sahara. Seven thousand miles of railroad have been built and there are plans for lines from the Mediterranean to the Gulf of Guinea.

Notice some of the results. Natives, who never before hurried, have learned that they must run to catch the train and to get out of the way of motors. Farmers, who had only scratched the surface of the ground, learn that Mohammedan spirits do not resent being disturbed by Christian plows.

The war has brought even greater changes. Arabs and Berbers were gathered from plains and mountains, and the Sahara. They came to the cities in flowing garments, without the first idea of order or discipline. They were put into military training and in Europe made good soldiers. When wounded, they were cared for in modern hospitals and came in contact with the women of Europe and America. Their horror at the unveiled faces of their nurses changed to grateful appreciation of the ability and sym-

pathy which these women showed. As these men return home, they will develop their homeland so as to make the ,land of Carthage again a factor in world civilization. These lllen cannot return to'

the apathy and formalism of Islam. Already Mohammedanism is breaking down in North Africa. The future lllay be either agnos- tic or Christian.

To combat the atheistic influences, Christians must strengthen their work. The Methodist Episcopal Church, the North Africa Mission and other Christian agencies have large responsibilities.

The iner·eased opportunity brought by the war, and the increased importance of North Africa in world trade, made it necessary that these evangelical forces shall be increased. .

A UNITED NATIONAL CAMPAIGN IN CANADA C ANADA also is promoting an "Interchurch Forward Move- ment" for missions. The need is strongly felt for a spiritual awakening, for a clearer vision of the opportunities and obligation before the Church, and for more complete consecration of men and money to Christian service.

The proposed campaign is being promoted by a National Executive, appointed by the official representatives of the churches. This Canadian campaign is not to interfere with denominational policies or programs, and is not to involve the merging of funds. It is to promote interchurch coop!'ration in order to carry out more effectively the plans of each denomination for the benefit of the whole world.

The distinctive aim of the proposed campaign is spiritual. By means of prayer, by spoken and written messages and by conferences of ministers and laymen and women it is hoped to awaken the Church to renewed life and larger service. The campaign will also ha>'e an educative purpose to bring to the attention of Christians the unevangelized areas in Canada and in other lands, to awaken in young people the desire to enter Christian work at home and abroad, and to promote the ideal of stewardship through a clearer understanding of its principles and a deeper devotion to Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord.

The plans of the campaign include a National Executive Committee, provincial committees for each province and a National Conference to discuss the whole scheme and to report its conclusions in a manifesto. The great needs are loyalty, vision, leadership, a program and power. Several committees are already at work outlining the tasks before the Church as a whole. When Christians unite lovingly and wholeheartedly and unselfishly in their loyalty to Christ and their obedience to His commands, the world will be impressed with the truth of the Christian message and the power of God to transform the world. THE MISSIONARY AND HIS MESSAGE I s the "h" in the personal pronoun "his" to be a capital or a lower case letter? This indicates a fundamental distinction as to the missionary's teaching. Is it his personal message or His divine message? When Ohrist commissioned His apostles, (His mission- aries), He told them to teach all things whatsoever He had commanded them. These .first missionaries had a definite message to deliver-a positive Gospel to preach. The result was persecution and often death to the missionary, but it was Life to multitudes of hearers. As the Apostle Paul wrote to the Oorinthian Christians: "Death worketh in us but life in you." And the life was communicated to others until it permeated and transformed the Roman Empire.

Today, men ne,ed no other message than that given by Jesus Ohrist Himself. There is no other remedy for sin or any other secret of life and power. Times have changed, but God has not changed. There is need for an interpretation of the Ohristian Message to meet the present day conditions, but this does not mean a new message. In view of the varied definitions of the "Social Gospel" and the study of the relation of Christianity to the physical, intellectual, industrial and moral needs of men,some teachers are formulating a new and human message. This up-to-date message emphasizes the material and temporal benefits of civilization, and too often omits the spiritual and eternal elements of life. In the praiseworthy effort to "save the world" collectively, these leaders neglect the prime necessity, the saving of the soul of the individual. In studying the appealing needs of the body, they overlook the more appalling needs of Ute soul. The value of schools and hospitals, of physical training and industrial programs is admitted, but these can never take the place of the essential work of the Spirit of God. There is a real danger that some laudable forms of service shall so absorb the attention of many missionaries and other Ohristian workers that the real message of Ohrist to sinners shall be relegated to an insignificant or suhordinate place.

Rev. Oharles Inwood, a Bible teacller and evangelist who has visited many mission fields of the world, reports that, in his opinion the greatest menace to the efficiency of Ohristian missions is found in the lack of convict,ion as to the inspiration of the Bible 567 as the authoritative content of the Christian Message. At home this means the shifting of the basis of the missionary motive from obedience to the command of Christ to a purely humanitarian impulse and purpose. On the mission field it means less study of the Bible as the Message of final authority as to the needs of man and God's way of salvation, and more study of man and his envirqnment to discover his personal desires and human possibilities. Both missionaries and native workers lose in power when they look to men and money, to human organization and equipment for effective work rather than place their complete dependence on God. These modernized teachers have cOme to view many parts of the Bible as mythology and interpret miracles figuratively or materialistically. They consider modern teachers and preachers, even in the realm of Christian service and agnosticism, as prophets inspired in the same sense as were Isaiah, Hosea arid the apostles.

Either the Gospel is a Divine message revealed through Jesus Christ 'and preserved in the Bible, or it is no Gospel at all. At the point where missionaries begin to depend on human intelligence to formulate a message and on material agencies and worldly methods to bring results, at that point Christian missionaries will lose their unique place of power and may well be classed with teacllers of other religions and philanthropic agencies. As there is only one God, so there is but one Gospel.

WILL CHRISTIANITY INSURE PEACE M UCH is said and written about making war impossible. . There are many recommendations and programs that differ greatly, the one from the other. The Turkish program was to massacre or enslave their enemies-to bring peace by obliterating their possible opponents. The German program was to establish. such a powerful government and such a formidable military regime that no hostile power would dare to make war. This program produced subjection at home and in the colonies. The inclusion of education and material improvements in the program made it seem acceptable to those who sympathized with the central government or who cared only for an opportunity to conduct their business, pleasure or househ.old affairs. The British recipe for peace is a combination of strong military control and a winning of the governed by the blessings of peace. Her colonial government has been said to be the best in the world. In Egypt, Houth Africa and India, many Americans describe the blessings of British rule in the highest terms. The pea<;e program of the League of Nations is to establish a common basis of agreement between nations, a common court of arbitration, and a united military and economic power to make peace advisable and war unprofitruble.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Which of these programs, if any, is the right program, or has Christianity another remedy for war? All of the Turkish and half of the German method leaves God and His principles of justice and liberty out of account. They have failed. The British method is not a success from the standpoint of the governed. Africa is in a continual state of unrest. The Africans and the Boers are not satjsfied; India and Egypt would drive out the British and establish their own less enlightened government if they were able to do so. Many natives are in favor of British rule because they are office holders, or because they see the material benefits, but large numbers would rise and proclaim independence, were it not for the British army and navy. In India riots have recently been serious and raiher widespread.

The origin of the Indian trouble appears to have been opposition to a legal enactment known as the Rowlatt Bill, designed especially to provide a permanent means of dealing with sedition and anarchy, and toaking the place of temporary legislation called the Defence of India Act. The riots have been not so much anti- Christian as anti-foreign, the fury being primarily directed toward the British, and the most disastrous feature has been the destruction of railway lines and the interruption of telegraphic communication.

In Egypt a similar spirit of unrest has been evident. "Egypt for the Egyptians" is the cry of the crowd, as they proctled to demonstrate their fitness for self-government by tearing up railroads, looting and burning buildings. The revolt is liberally financed, although the authorities are unable to trace the source. Mission work has been badly disorganized, and even in Cairo it was for a time unsafe for any European or American to go singly on the street.

Is it possible to adopt the principle of government by consent of the governed ~ It is not in a family, in an orphan asylum or in a penitentiary. In order to maintain a just peace there must be acceptance or enforcement of certain principles on which peace rests. The~e principles include righteousness. intelligence and benevolence. Christianity can only insure peace by establishing these principles in individuals and through them in communities. This is a part of the work that missionaries are doing by proclaiming the Gospel of Ohrist. No other basis gives ground for hope. Without these principles, Japan is a menace to Asia and to the world, and so is America. Ohristianity may bring war but it is a war against ignorance, selfishness and sin. Ohristianity will bring peace so far as the principles of peace and the Prince of Peace are accepted.

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES G REAT forward movements come slowly to full growth and , fruition. An idea is born and under favorable conditions develops and extends. Church unity is such a movement.

The idea iii! inherent in the Church and was expressed by Jesus Christ Himself. Division came because of corruption and separa- tion of the memlbers from the head. As men draw nearer to the Head the members must draw nearer together.

The denominations are not yet ready for organic union, but the spirit of unity is growing and that is most important. One of the movements in this direction is the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. This is a federation of evangel- ical churches for the purpose of emphasizing the united faith and common .task of all members. The executive officers and comm;s- sions represent the united evangelical force of over 30,000,000 Protestants in the United States. They publish literature, spe:.k for the united Church and act as occasion demands to make the Church's influence felt in moral, educational, philanthropic, national and international affairs.

Recently (in May) the council held a meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, to discuss the responsibility of the churches in view of the situation resulting from the war. There were 211 delegates from 29 evangelical bodies. The Southern Baptist and the Episcopal Church have not become affiliated with the Council. Universalists, Unitarians and Christian Scientists are not invited, as they stand on different platforms in relation to the deity and atonement of Christ.

At the recent meeting in Cleveland the Council expressed sym- pathy with the plan for a League of Nations and urged the incor- poration of a clause guarauteeing freedom of religious belief aud practice, and equality and justice in the treatment of men of all races. On social questions the Council affirmed a belief in the standards of Jesus Christ as to brotherhood and equity in the management of industry and fair remuneration for labor; also co- operation between labor and capital in business management and ownership; a minimum wage standard, and government control of unemployment; abolition of child labor and of night work by women, and a maximum eight-hour day.

This and other pronouncements show that leaders of the Church are seeking to lead in industrial, material and international affairs, but they do not go to the root of the troubles they seek to cure. Every so-called remedy is merely alleviating ointnient employed with temporary results unless it strikes at the heart of selfishness and sin, and brings mankind to the Great Physician of souls.

A BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY and

BOAT AT PORT SAID World's Future BY REV. J. H. RITSON, D.D.

British and Foreign Bible Society, London, England T HE parable of the soil teaches us that what the seed brings forth depends not only on the seed, but also upon the ground in which it is sown. Given good seed and good ground, we can be sure of a bountiful harvest. There is no doubt about the seed with which we are now concerned. It has stood the test of time; it shows no sign of deterioration; "the words of the Word are eternal." The ground is the heart of man and of its quality we are not sure. We know not what is in man, even in our own day and generation. Much less can we foretell in what spirit men will receive the Bible in years to come. In speaking therefore of the Bible and the world's future, we dare not dogmatise on what will be, though we know what may be.

When during the reign of Josiah, Hilkiah discovered the Book of the Law in the Temple, and the religious life of Judah was conformed to it, there followed a period of national peace and prosperity. This chapter in history has so often repeated itself, that we doubt whether there has ever been, or can be, deep and lasting reformation apart from the Bible.

In times and places when and where the Holy Scriptures have been neglected, the spiritual good of the Church has waned, its doc- 571

trine has been crippled, and its influence upon society has ceased to be wholly for good. The very life of the Christian Church has been intimately wrapped up with its treatment of the Bible.

Along the southern shores of the Mediterranean a great Christian Church was established in the second century, and linked with the western Church; but its Bible was in Latin, a foreign tongue, and not in the vernaculars of the people. The Bible was practically inacessible to the ordinary church member. The Eastern Church also stretched out its hauds to the nations lying on its threshold, and there grew up by its side or through its instrumentality the Syrian, Coptic, Ethiopic, Georgian and Armenian Churches, and each of these from its early days had the Bible translated into the language of the common people. The storms of Islam broke over all these churches, eastern and western. Its advancing tides seemed to sweep away almost every trace of Christianity in North Africa, but the other churches survived, and still survive, though for centuries some of them have been like little islands in a raging sea. Is it too much to say that no church without a vernacular Bible has ever survived protracted storms of opposition, and no church with a vernacular Bible has ever perished 1 It may be a bold generalization to make, but it certainly finds suppo-rt from modern experience in the mission field. The Jesuits, and subsequently the Dominicans and Franciscans who did much heroic missionary work in the far East in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries did not make a practice of translating the Bible and putting it into the hands of the people, and their work ultimately failed. Contrast Japan where Xavier had his greatest success with, for instance, Madagascar, where Protestant missionaries from the first made it a duty to put the Bible in Malagasy in the hands of their converts. In both islands persecution broke out. When Japan again opened its doors to Christian missionaries, they had to begin de novo, there were practically no fruits of the labors and lives of those who had gone before. In Madagascar on the other hand, during the times of suffering, the Malagasy' Church was nourished on the Word of God, and not only survived but actually increased.

It is a significant fact that in such countries as Korea and Uganda, where present day missions have had extraordinary triumphs, special emphasis has been laid on Bible reading and study in every department of church life. It is not necessary to go to the foreign field to learn this lesson. It is written right across the history of churches at the home base. Churches prosper as they regard the Bible as inspired of God, and as the rule of doctrine and standard of conduct.

Apart from its direct influence upon the Christian Church, the Bible has largely shaped the course of our western civilization

THE BIBLE AND THE WORLD'S FUTURE

in its broader aspects, in literature and art, in domestic, social and economic 'progress, and in national and international r elationships. In the great cataclysms of human affairs it has often been the instrument in the Divine hands for the recovery and blessing of mankind. For instance the taking of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, and the progress of the hordes of Mohammedans over Eastern Europe threatened to destroy the Christian civilization of the whole continent. The darkness however was not unrelieved, and it was from the Bible that light began to shine. The fall of Constantinople linked with the invention of printing led to the A BIBLE SOCIETY COLPORTEUR ON A STEAMER Reading and telling Scripture ~ stories on a South American steatnt!T at Guayaquil renaissance of learning. Erasmus edited and published the Greek Testament, which was all but forgotten, and "layed the egg which Luther hatched." The outcome was the Reformation of religion, which not only gave liberty to the progressive countries of Europe. but also led to the evangelical revival of the eighteenth century, and the founding of missions to evangelize the whole world. It was the Bible which saved Europe in some of its darkest days.

Again, it was a tragic loss to Western Europe when three hundred years ago the very flower of its Christian life was banished and had to seek refuge on shores across the Atlantic, then uninviting and inhospitable. But the Pilgrim Fathers took with them the Bible in their hands and in their hearts, and God used them to build on the impregnable Rock of its teaching the founda-

tions of a mighty democracy, which is now stretching out a strong hand to help the very peoples from which they sprang to secure for the whole race good government, resting on justice and right- eousness, and assuring freedom and peace.

The exile of the Pilgrim Fathers was an irreparable loss, but England was not left without its remnant, a remnant that held by the Word of God until, as T. R. Green shows, the English became "the people of the Book" and the Bible became "the Book of the people," and in the seventeenth century spiritual ;forces came into being which secured the strength not only of Great Britain and Ireland but of the great Empire that was to be. In the cotton famine in Lancashire during the American war, the splendid hero- ism and patient endurance of the great industrial population was due to the copies of the Holy Scriptures, which through the Bible Societies had found their way into the homes and hearts of the poor. It has b=en point(d out 1hat in the Indian Mutiny, the bloodshed was greatest where diffieulties had bten put in the way of Bible circulation.

The tens of millions of copies of the Scriptures circulated especially since 1804, when the churches began to cooperate in Bible Societies, have been a mighty force in transforming human character, and raising the standard of civilization. The little "Gospel portions, " .each apparently insignificant, have been like snowflakes falling down from heaven; in the mass welding together into glaciers, and slowly but surely reshaping the surface of the earth and preparing the soil, so that it may tbe clothed with beauty and bring forth abundant fruit.

Are we not justified in believing that in the Bible lie potential energies which, if rightly directed, will lead to the solution of all our problems, and the establishment of righteousness and peace for which all faithful souls yearn and pray' "That which hath been is that which shall be; and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is no new thing under the sun."

Since 1914 we have passed through one more cataclysm-perhaps the greatest in history. It has afforded a unique opportunity for a fresh distribution of copies of the Scriptures. The British and Foreign Bible Society alone has distributed between nine and ten million Testaments and portions in seventy-six languages among combatants and members of labor battalions. The American Bible Society, the National Bible Society of Scotland and other organizations have added millions more copies to the circulation. These volumes have been read and reread by the most virile men of the nations; read in camps and barracks and hangars, in trenches and dugouts, on minesweepers and submarines, destroyers and battleships; read amid the dangers and perils of actual fighting in the long months of weary waiting in prison, and in the

THE BIBLE AND THE WORLD'S FUTURE S7S

BIBLE WORK IN CENTRAL AFRICA Dr. Ritson addressing through interpreter an audience of Basuto in MOTija midst of pain and suffering in hospital. The daily presence of death quickens the spiritual faculties and opens up new visions of interpretation. And now these millions of volumes are being scattered in demobilization, and carried to the ends of the earth. The seed is being sown over every continent. The bread is being cast upon all waters.

Will God, who is ever working out His redeeming purposes in Jesus Christ, use the Bible in the present world cataclysm, as He has used it in the past, as "a lever to uplift the earth, and roll it in another course"T Certain it is, the Church of the future will have vitality and strength just in proportion as it gives to the people the Bible in their mother tongue, and itself honors the Book by making it the ultimate arbiter in faith and morals. Nations will rise or fall as they observe or neglect the teaching of the Law and the Gospel. "-Where there is no vision, the people cast off restraint"-they perish through Bolshevism-"but he that keepeth the law, happy is he."

At present the hopes of many are fixed on the Peace Conference, and much is expected, but it can never accomplish the one thing essential. It can draw new maps, but it cannot create new

hearts. It can perh-aps enforce its ideals by policing the world, hut it cannot command the power of love which is the only force that ultimately secures righteousness. The Bible tells us how we may perfect and .co~plete the work of the Peace Conference. We yearn for good government in all lands. When King George w:as crowned in Westminster Abbey, the Archbishop of Canter- ItU:~ placed in his hands a golden orb surmounted by a cross, and said "When you see this orb set under the cross remember that the w40le world is subject to the Power and Empire of Christ our R~deemer.n We are witnessing at present the enthronement of the will of the people in ]iJurope and Asia and Africa, and only by pl~!ng in the hands of men the Gospel in their mother tongue can we: tea-Ch· them to remember that Christ is on the Throne. The aclqlOwledgment of His autocracy is the foundation of good government.

. W e ~e -hoping for disarmament and peace. Isaiah tells us that when "He will teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths, " then the nations "shall beat their sword into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks." And with regard to peace, let us make no mistake. It is more than a relation between man and man. It is a relation between man and God. Man will not live in pe~ce with man, until the peace of God is enshrined in all human hearts. When the heavenly host looked down on the Prince of Peace as He lay in the manger cradle, they sang "Glory to God in the highest, And on earth peace, a.mong men in whom He is well pleased. " There cannot be peace among other men.

The Peace Conference may be followed by a League of Nations, but the real bond in any such League is a strong sense of the brotherhood of men. The supreme lesson of the Bible is "1'hou shalt love the Lord thy God …… Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself:" In Ambryn, one of the languages of the New Hebrides, the word "love" is rendered by a paraphrase "the heart keeps calling, calling for me," and the love of God is rendered "the heart callings of God." The Chinese call the Bible "the heart book." Mankind may have a thousand tongues, but it has only one heart. The Bible unifies because in its pages all men hear "the heart callings of God, calling, calling for me." The late Archbishop Temple once said "A man must read history with his eyes shut if he cannot see that one of the great instruments that God is using to prepare the way for bringing the whole human race together at the foot of the Cross is the work of the Bible Society."

We can only reap the fruits of the unparalled sacrifices of the world war, if we follow up .the decisions of the Peace Conference with the teaching of the Word of God. The Bible must be within reach of all that dwell on the earth-of every nation and kindred

THE BIBLE AND THE WORLD'S FUTURE

and tongue and people. None are so insignificant that we can afford to leave them out, for in recent years the nations have be- come interdependent to such a degree that if one suffers the whole race suffers.

In order to further the distribution of the Holy Scriptures we must concentrate upon two objects-the removal of hindrances placed in the way of their circulation, and the strengthening of the hands of the Bible Societies in their difficult task. The hin- drances are manifold. One of the greatest is illiteracy; but educa- tion is growing apace, and millions of new readers are being turned out from the schools of India and Ohina every year. "Educate, educate, educate" is one of the calls of the Ohristian Ohurch, on the mission field, and in proportion as we respond, illiteracy will disappear. In Greece the circulation of the Bible in modern Greek, the only language understood by the common people, has been pro- hibited since 1901 at the instigation of political agitators and lin- guistic purists, but we have reason to believe that a day of liberty is dawning in the Hellenic Kingdom. In Oentral Europe the growing forces of secularism and socialism have set themselves bitterly and arrogantly against the Word of God during recent years. Has the war sufficiently demonstrated the bankruptcy of materialism that we may hope for a change in attitude? The most serious difficulty in the way of Bible circulation is religious intolerance. It is not to be found so much in heathen lands-in them there is liberty. In Moslem lands the opposition is often violent and has so impressed Ohristian rulers of Mohammedan subjects that they too are afraid of the Bible colporteur. The theory of Ohristian governors is neutrality in matters of religion, but they often try to demonstrate their neutrality by favoring those who differ from them at the expense of those who agree with them. All we ask-and press for-is that the Bible should be allowed to stand side by side with the Koran, for as Dr. S. M. Zwemer has said" The distribution of God's W oFd is the method par excellence in all Moslem lands." It is a strange paradox that there is no opposition to the circulation of the Scriptures, without note or comment, 80 bitterly hostile as that of the R.oman Oatholic Church, especially in its offi~ial circles. Among the priests there are ex- ceptions; but clericalism as a rule is afraid of the Bible, puts a ban on the colporteur in many parts of Europe and still more in South America, and has persuaded the State in some parts of the mission field as in Annam to build a ring fence within which no ! Bible is admitted. How long will the growing democracies of the world allow their liberties and rights to be invaded by priestcraft and sacerdotalism, one cannot say. But freedom has made rapid strides since 1914. It remains for the Ohurch to strengthen the hands of the Bible

S'ocieties in the work committed to them. Already some part of Scripture has been printed in 725 different languages. A few of these are obsolete, and some have only philological value, but 650 versions have- been printed for religious use. These represent the' languages spoken by seven-tenths of the human race. The remaining three-tenths who have yet no part of the Bible in their mother tongue, speak more languages and dialects than the seventenths who are provided for, so that a considerable task in translation alone remains to be accomplished, before there is no speech nor language in which the voice of the evangelist is not heard. Thongh seven-tenths of the human race have the Scriptures in their own tongue, it must not be inferred that there are sufficient copies to meet their needs. In spite of the colossal annual output of the Bible Societies, it can still be said that if all the Bibles, Testaments and portions which have ever existed through all the centuries were available for distribution today, there would not be enough volumes to go around among the peoples of India and China alone. This, after twenty centuries of Christianity, is a reproach to the Christian Church. It can be removed, and it should be.

The war has given us the supreme opportunity to improve the soil of every land, and to sow the seed beside all waters.

YOUNG SCRIPTURE READERS AT AMANZINl'OTI MISSION, NATAL

Demand for Unity

In Work Paragraphs from an address on cooperation BY J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL. D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Commission on Life Work Department of the Interchurch World . Movement N Oone can read the prayer of our Lord on His way to Gethse- mane without being impressed with His ideal for the unity of the Church. There is a clear connection between the unity of His Body and its efficiency as a missionary agency. It is both disholloring to Christ and disastrous to the work of the Church for His Body to be divided into inharmonious units.

The note of unity is generally the mO!jt popular note among laymen, and few other notes awaken such a hearty and generous response. Simultaneous with the growing missionary conviction, is the growing sentiment for the unity of the Church.

The contact between churches has bred a larger charity and a larger appreciation. Appreciation is half way to sympathy. I supposed that my denomination was almost the whole Church until I got out of it and was landed in the Free Church of Scotland over in India. The closer contact with many churches in India led me to see some great strength in other denominations. Afterwards I joined the Presbyterian Church, and was blessed in it for some years. Then I was with the Dutch Reformers in New Brunswick and found new blessing there. If we had rotary church memberships for a while, we would not find much reason for keeping these churches apart.

A second explanation for the deeper emphasis upon missions and deeper emphasis upon church unity, is that in the presence of the supreme duty of the Church, secondary things have been compelled to take a subordinate place. We have been realizing the Gb.urch's central duty in the missionary obligation and have therefore been compelled to make other matters secondary.

The third explanation is that evangelization is so enormous a task that no church can undertake the whole work alone. Therefore, the only hope of carrying out the instructions of our Lord to preach the gospel to every creature is that we shall trust our fellow Christians to do their part. If we do this abroad we will come to do it here in America.

The fourth reason is that by cooperative effort there are possible, both abroad and at home, results that are never secured where the denominations work separately and exclusively. Dr. Aitchison said, when he had worked as a leader of an interdenominational team, "I have discovered that it is possible for me to render to a Baptist church far larger service by joining with an inter- 579

denominational team and helping Baptists indirectly as part of the cooperativ~ result."

The Missionary Education Movement, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the Christian Endeavor Society and the Laymen's Mis- sionary Movement have produced results which we would not have secured without union eHort. We must emphasize the whole claim of Christ upon the whole ,Church to evangelize the whole wor.ld. Each denomination receives inspiration from the picture of what only the whole Church together can accomplish.

Comprehensiveness destroys narrowness. You cannot talk to a group of people about the evangelization of the world and give them an intelligent conception of the progress in world evange- lization and the processes at work to its fullfillment, without at the same time giving these hearers a broad, deep sympathy with the other agencies that are working with them to accomplish that end. Furthermore, world wide missions drive us to Christ and ,Christ inevitably leads us to unity.

Active missionary interest also develops prayer, and real prayer always promotes unity. 'When we pray "Thy kingdom come," it is difficult not to mean, "May my church succeed." The larger conception lifts us from any narrow desire merely to have our own agency succeed. Dr. Charles Watson says: "I am not sure that God can afford to let anyone church get far ahead of any other one in this missionary business. We so quickly become Pharisees that it is probably true that no church will ever far outstrip the others. God cannot afford to let anyone go far ahead."

In the presence of the world's need, the overlapping and the friction and constant waste that has been due to inharmonious work, ought to be regarded as sinful. It involves leaving great sections of the world untouched, while in America there are enough superfluous teachers and pastors of small churches to evangelize the world in this generation.

There are reported to be over 200,000 Christian congregations in the United States and Canada. More than half of these 'have an average membership of less than 100. Unless such a Murch has an unusual chance to grow, it is n()t likely to have much missionary spirit. Those are the churches where we find it difficult to have a missionary outlook. If we could only induce some of these small neighboring churches to unite, every church could have a membership of two or three hundred, and coulq do something practical in the missionary field. That is one great problem.

It is our duty, in view of our Lord's teaching, and our convictions IlJbout this matter, to cooperate in united work. Since Christ is the Head and the ,Church is His B()dy we cannot be satisfied or successful until we work as a unit.

WITH THE SALVATION ARMY IN

The Salvation Army Around the World BY COLONEL WM. H. COX, NEW YORK For thirty-three years an officer in' the Salvation Army I Na little over fifty years the work of the Salvation Army has penetrated to the uttermost parts of the earth and is being prose- cuted in no less than sixty-three countries and colonies. The Army Flag flies and its drumbeat is heard in the farthest northern latitudes, within the Arctic circle, in fact, the "War Cry" is printed in Icelandic; also in the far South and in the romantic countries of the Far East, including Japan, China, Korea, India, Ceylon and Java; in revolution-torn Russia; in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark; in South Africa among the Zulus and Kaffirs, as well as among the whites; in South America, in France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Germany and elsewhere.

The Salvation Army preaches the unsearchable riches of the Gospel of Christ in forty different languages; its far-flung battleline embraces 9,859 corps and outposts; its rescue and industrial homes, orphanages, and similar institutions number 1,231; its day schools 658; officers and cadets leading the work forward, 17,374 j 581

bandsmen (these must add con- siderably to the music of the spheres), 28,747; songsters (chor- isters and part-singers), 21,614; periodicals printed and published, 80, with a total of copies per issue well exceeding one million.

The Army's war work is well known. At the outJbreak of hostil- ities it took a hasty survey of the situation, and at once proceeded to tax its resources to the limit to convey comfort and oonsolation, and to conserve and aid in building up the splendid morale of the boys who suddenly found themselves plucked up by the roots from busi- ness and home life and transferred to the armageddon across the seas. There were also thousands of Sal- A SO UTH AMERICAN SAI,YA'I'JONJS'I' vationists actually engaged in ac- tion on the various fronts. The Army was among the first to send its representatives to the front, where both men and women were under shell fire on innumerable occasions. That their services have ,been deeply appreciated is well known, as one lieutenant revealed by the r emark: " A Salvation Army bonnet will always look like a halo to me." He went on to t ell how they had been served by the Army at the front and on their return to America. "I'll never pass a Salvation Army drum or gathering," he said, "without a devout thanksgiving for them and the great part they have played in that big game 'over there.' "

Not only were the boys r egaled with creature comforts but much could be said concerning the religious services in which men were spiritually prepared for what they were albout to faCB, and decisions rea~hed that will be eternal.

The Salvation Army worked also among interned soldiers in Holland and recently added to the, roll of Salvationists ten Germans, five Belgians and three Englishmen. No fewer than 100 Belgians interned in that country are members of the Sword and Shield Brigade-our League for Bible-reading and prayer. The work among'Dutch military men has been extended to thirty different camps. In one place-Njmegen- twenty Dutch soldiers recently professed conversion.

In Japan the Army has met with considerable success since SALVATIONISTS DISTRIBUTING FOOD IN JAPAN the inception of it.s work ther e nearly twenty-five years ago. It has a remarkable man as its Chief Secretary, Lieut. Col. Gunpei Yamamuro, a .Japanese, who is the author of a book entitled" The Common People's Gospel." It is printed in Japanese and has had a very large circulation. It has accomplished a great work in spreading the Gospel among the common people. Col. Yamamuro was mainly responsible for a great agitation in the underworld of Tokio. In the Orient, prostitution was for generations mistakenly looked upon as a social necessity, and poor parents would even sell their young daughters intb this horrible bondage. The girls, with · real filial regard for their parents' wishes, accepted their fate with true Oriental fatalism and their life-long degradation w,as consummated.

Colont'l Yamamuro learned what the Army was doing for fallen womanhood in other countries, and his heart burned to do something to rescue his own coun~rywomen. First, he appealed to the moral sense of the· community. Then he prepared a special rescue edition of the Japanese "War Cry" and secured its entree by thousands of copies into the segregated districts. In the meantime, Salvation Army reception houses had been prepared for the girls who wished to change their mode of life. It was clearly explained to them that there was no law holding them to their slavery. It was a very difficult matter to handle. Opposition was encoun- tered among the officials and the resort-keepers fought bitterly.

But a start was made, senti- ment was aroused, some of the best people of the city were won over, and by means of persistent agitation, with the help of many good Christian people, the doo)'

of this frightful prison-house was finally opened, and a way of es- cape was made for the unfortu– nate inmates. Whatever of the "social evil" remains in Japan, it is voluntary and not compulsory.

INDUSTRIAL RECONSTRUCTION In India and Ceylon the Army has witnessed large success.

The territory is huge, the possibilities boundless. .A romantic phase of the work here is the "boom marches," by which a brigade of Salvationists, in native dress (this is· the custom with our Sal- vation missionaries), has gone into hitherto unmissioned villages and towns, and proclaimed with simplicity and force the Gospel of Christ to the head man and his associates. In many cases, sick and tired of the failure of their own religion, the villagers have asked for instruction in the Christian religion, have destroyed their idols and turned their heathen temples, after due cleansing, into Salvation Army meeting-places.

A phase of the work creating a great deal of interest today are the Army's settlements for criminals. The caste system of the country is responsible for entire tribes of criminals who inter- marry so that their progeny must ever remain in the criminal caste. The depredations of these "Ishmaelites" were formerly a source of worry to the British Government, and it was a distinct recognition of the Army's ability to handle difficult problems when it was requested to take over the management of these criminal tribes. Salutary results are already apparent, athough by the very nature of the work to be done, advance necessarily will not be rapid.

The work in India will forever be linked with the name of its pioneer, Commissioner F. de Lautour Booth Tucker, who, it will be remembered was with his late wife, the Consul, in charge of the Army forces in America some years ago. Judge Tucker was greatly influenced by Army literature while in the service of the Brilish Crown in India in the early days of the movement, and gladly gave. up his position, with all it meant, to don the flowing robes of a native and to dQ pioneer work in the very heart of heathendom. After his command in the United States, he is once again at the head of his beloved Indian work, attacking its prO'blems with his oldtime vigor and success.

IN FRONT OF A SALVATIO N ARMY HUT IN FRANCE In the United States-the great international meltin g pot of the world-the work takes on various hues and aspects. There is a special colored branch in the Southern states. We work also among the Porto-Ricans, Portuguese, Chinese, J aps and Koreans in Hawaii and among the ,Chinese in Han Francisco. In the list of officers' names may be found the following converted from among these foreigners in America: Envoy Pedro Avinon, Envoy Masuda, Oapt. Yi Kin Yeun, Capt. J. C. F eliciano, Envoy J. K. Chun, (whose jurisdiction takes in the leper island of Molokai), Lieut. R. Barientos, Capt. J. G. Santos, and Cadet Kim In Kyung.

The organization has a strong Scandinavian work in America, principally among the Swedish people, but also embracing Norwegians, Danes and Finlanders. There are some eighty corps working amongst these descendants of the vikings, in addition to one or two institutions for mariners.

Many noted converts are being won to the Cross of Chri st and to the Army's allegiance in America. The annual ex-boozer's day in New York (usually at Thanksgiving) is a veritable revela- tion of God's power to deliver from the thraldom of the drink evil and its concomitants. Thousands of men in various stages of "down-and-outness" wend their way to our Fourteenth Street Hall to listen to the story of redeemed sin-slaves. Many decide to start life over again with the aid of a sympathetic and never- failing Christ. Numbered among the converts are former mer- chants, a military officer, a banker, the associate editor of a daily newspaper, a New Jersey politician and a court stenographer. .

While it may he true that a certain proportion of these converts do not stand firm, it is the policy of the Army never to give a man up. On the other hand, it would stir the heart of the most stoicallyinclined to hear the testimonies year by year of the men who come to the "Boozers' Day" meeting ragged, unclean and vermin infested, and are today restored to their families and to society, determined to do penance for" The years that the locusts have eaten," and to devote their future life to the service of God and man.

The old query as to the ,stwbility of the Army's converts brings me back to dear old "Ashbarrel Jimmy," our very first convert in America. His name was James Kemp, and to all intents and purposes he was a typical Bowery bum. It was within a few days of the landing of the first group of Salvationists, headed by Commissioner Railton and consisting of seven young women officers, and they were embarrassed by having no place in which to conduct their services. Christian people, through lack of understanding (how different things are today!) withheld their support, and the only offer of the loan of a hall was made by the notorious Harry Hill, whose dive on the Bowery at that time was one of the most shocking pliWes in New York. Here at stated times during the day, the Army lassies were permitted to come upon the stage as an added attraction, to preach the Gospel, sing their hymns and make their appeal. One day old Inspector Alexander Williams (then a captain of police, but long since gone to his reward) was making the rounds of his precinct wh.en he discovered a pair of dilapidated old shoes sticking out of an ash barrel on t.he sidewalk. Playfully, as is the manner of the gentle cop, he t'apped the soles of the shoes with his club, with a most uncanny feeling that by the "feel" of the leather there was something attached to it. There was! And that something was a human body. It was winter-time. Jimmy Kemp, on the.hunt for food-scraps, had bent over the barrel and in his besotted condition had fallen in. Being totally unable to extricate himself, he had remained there in repose until his hair had frozen to the barrel. The policeman tried to pull him out but was unsuccessful; so, grabbing hold of the shoes, he pulled the old fellow along, ash barrel and all, over the cobble stones to the police station, where in due time he was thawed out and with much jocularity was advised to "go to the Salvation Army at Harry Hill's." Jimmy thought it some kind of new entertainment, and thither he went. There the conscience of drunken James Kemp (or what remained of it) was touched by what he heard, his heart was reached, convulsive sobs shook his frame and he begged for a chance to commence life over again.

ON THE SALVATION ARMY CHERRY TREE FARM IN SPRING VALLEY, N. Y.

After "Ashbarrel Jimmy" was converted, he lived to bless the lives of many, as, in Salvation Army uniform, he went from town to town, giving his remarkable testimony to God's saving and keeping power. Jimmy fought a good fight and kept the faith, and when he died he was given a Salvation Army bllrial by his comrades in Boston.

Thank God! many thousands of others have been rescued since his day, and live to bless God for the work of the Salvation Army.

TH~ $13,000,000 FUND The Salvation Army has recently been successful in TaJsmg $13,000,000 for its. work in America. Of this amount (1) $1,970,000 is to cover cost of operating 939 corps and outposts; (2) $530,000 is to maintain thirty-four provincial and divisional headquarters in America; (3) $1,270,000 is for the cost of operating twenty-five Maternity Hospitals, three Children's Homes, Eleven Slum Posts and Nurseries, for maintaining National and Territorial Hearquar- ters; (4) $400,000 is for the Pension Fund; (5) $1,875,000 is to pay mortgages on National Headquarters and Social Buildings; (6) $6,850,000 is to build new Corps, Divisional and Provincial buildings and (7) $105,000 is to provide a contingent fund.

and Morals in Central

BY P. CUIDANO, GUATEMALA I T is said that once upon a time an American who knew very little Spanish was out walking in Mexico Oity, when he saw a funeral pass. He asked one of the bystanders who had died, and received the answer, Quien sabe ("Who knows").

Wishing to make sure, he asked various others and received the same answer. Fully convinced that he had found out the name of the dead man and judging from the magnificence of the coffin and large number of men that followed in its wake, that "Quien sabe ',' must be a gentleman of some importance, he announced in the American club that evening in a tone that was calculated to imply that he was an oldtimer, '" Quien sabe'

is dead."

"Well, thank the Lord for that" remarked another Ameri- can, who had immediately guessed what had happened. "Now if old Manana would die too the country might amount to some- thing down here." .

. The phrase "Quien sabe" has in it a good deal of the don1t care, irresponsible spirit. Manana "to-morrow," is a ,word that is worked to death in these countries and has come to mean the spirit of dilatoriness which might be expressed in a Latin-American proverb: "Don't do today what you can put off till tomorrow." These two attitudes are manifestations of the same spirit of irresponsibility,-a following of the impulse of the moment without reflecting on the consequences,-which is the secret to an understanding of the moral life of the Latin- American nations.

Everywhere in the world "race spirit" and "race psychol- ogy" are pretty much empty terms. There are no such things.

Men are men the world over. Everywhere they are moved by the same varying motives of self interest, or fear of what their neighbors will say, or the desire to appear wise in the eyes of their fellows, or loyalty to a person or a cause. Everywhere there are honorable men and dishonorable men, men whose word is as good as their bond and men who even when they give bond "make a getaway." Nevertheless certain psychological tenden- cies sometimes appHar to come to expression more often in cer- tain parts of the world than in other parts, and we immediately brand the nation where these manifestations are seen as "re- ligious," "philosophical," "commercial," "anarchistic' , what not.

In general, the Spanish speaking people of Oentral and South America are very proud. They cannot forget that they are descendants of those who brought "civilization" to the igno- 588 DARKNESS rant Indians. Their pride in being civilized often leads to ridi- An Indian Snake Dancer in the country of culous expenditures and has bank- "Quien Sabe" and "1vlanana" rupted several nations as well as numberless individuals. It leads to the use of expensive ultra- marine products instead of the cheap and substantial products of the country. It leads to an aping of the language of culture and of the forms of foreign governments even when these are utterly out of place; It leads to a showy ex- terior which often hides a host of "dead men's bones." The case of the government minister who attended a reception of foreign diplomats, dressed faultlessly to all appearances with his silk hat and his prince albert coat, but whom an accident revealed to be AND LIGHT without socks, is typical. A Christian Guatemalan woman and hq This pride which demands baby that appearance must be kept up at all costs makes the people appear very generous and hospitable and breeds a courtesy in speech which cannot but ha~e a certain beneficent effect upon the soul, a fact that the Anglo-Saxons too often forget.

As everywhere the world over, pride is by no means an un·· mixed evil, though it works grievous wrongs. If pride were really the dominating factor in life many would have been much further along the road of civilization, but along 'with pride goes a certain irresponsible carefree attitude toward life. 'Ve are a fiesta loving people. rVe were not made to work hard, nor to grapple with the great problems of life.

Our pride in being civilized and progressive gives us the form of a Republican Government, but it is really too much work to inform our- selves on public qUlstions and exert our influence to form an enlight- ened public opinion. SD we let our "President" exploit us as much as he pleases SD IDng as he tickles our pride. We would not change him because he has eaten his fill, and another man wDuld be h~mgry. Our pride demands that we shDuld make many public monuments and SD we begin them with a whoop and a holler, but there is manana to finish them. .

The .town in which I live is full of unfinished mDnuments, churches, schools and private dwelling houses. We also have started to make a railroad, but are tired of that now that it is abDut one-fourth finished. But in spite of all this we· are lay- ing the foundation for another mDnument to commemorate the lOOth anniversary ,of our freedDm from Spain and have begun work ,on a magnificent· Temple tD Minerva, the patron of the Schools. If we may judge by past experience these will be left half finished some day and we will run tD begin SDme new enterprise. What we need is SDme munificent milliDnaire to found a SDciety fDr Finishing Unfinished MDnuments, for sup- plying with teachers, schoDls whose equipment and buildings are rotting fDr want of use, and in general to put in practise for us all the magnificent ideas which are born into ,our immortal heads.

When it comes to morals in the narrDwer sense we are equally irrespDnsible. Weare not naturally viciDus, but if our pride is wounded we will ShDot without a moment's nDtice or will take our own life Dr die "de la colera," (in a fit of anger). We harbor nD ill will against our neighbor, but his fair partner's eyes are just too much for us. What is a poor fellow really to dD¥ We really dDn't like to be head over heels in debt, but we just have to keep up ap- pearances and we must have sugar in our coffee, and if what we earn does not enable us to have it, SD much the worse for the store- keeper who gives us credit.

The most dangerous factor in the moral life of Latin Ameri- cans is its superficiality. We are highly talented as a race and quick to understand and imitate, but we lack "depth of earth."

The grain immediately germinates and springs up, but when the sun is up we wither and die because there is no root. We would prefer that you should visit our cities by moonlight or that you should know our people when they are out for a hDliday. YDU will see us at our best in this way and why should you wish to see 11<1 any ,other way?

Bahai Propaganda in

BY REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, D. D., LINCOLN UNIVERSITY, PA.

F or some years a missionary of the Presbyterian Church in Persia R ECENTLY we met with a former university president, in touch with the great religious movements of the day, who confessed that he knew nothing of the Bahaist beliefs and mis- sionary activity. It is nevertheless true that at the present time Bahaism is a vital issue in America. By word and pen and print- ing press, the followers of Baha Ullah are busy seeking to win converts to their religion. They present it in glowing colors as a universal religion of peace and brotherhood, and a panacea for all ills.

For more than twenty years there have been Bahaist mission- aries and disciples in America; but it was not until 1912 that the movement attained any publicity. In that year the present head of the faith, Abbas Effendi, or (to use his official title) Abdul Baha, visited this country and received a remarkably cordial welcome and attentive hearing in many quarters. Most surprising of all (surprising even to him and his followers) was the recep- tion given him in many Christian churches. Not only was he in- vited to speak from so-called "liberal" pulpits, but even from those whose pastors prided themselves upon being strictly evangelical.

Some ministers introduced him to their congregations half apolo- getically, one of them explaining that Christian breadth and catho- licity of sympathy with all religious aspirations warranted such a hearing. Others went further, like the Chicago clergyman, who, after a most effusive eulogy, turned to the venerable visitor. from the east exclaiming, "I admire him; I adore him." In both Eng- land and Scotland Abbas Effendi was given an equally cordial reception. In Edinburgh he was introduced to the public by one of the most distinguished clergymen of the Presbyterian faith; and Dr. Reginald Campbell and Canon Wilberforce stood sponsor for him in London.

The effect of this reception was most unfortunate. It gave to Abbas Effendi a larger hearing than he ever could have won for himself, and it created an unwarranted presumption in his favor. The man himself made very little impression upon his audiences; what gave his message weight was the character of the men who introduced him. As one lady said : "There must be something in the movement, or Dr. would never have admitted him to his pulpit."

But far more serious were the effects in Persia and the Near East. At the time of his reception in Edinburgh, Abdul Baha cabled his followers this laconic message, "Scotland is enlight- 591

ened. " In Persia, Bahaists claimed that all England and America had been· won to their faith. This lie was everywhere used by them in their propaganda among their own people. Here we have another instance of how the cause of Christ may receive an ugly wound in the hack at the hand of His so-called friends.

While the effect of Abdul Baha in America was superficial and ephemeral, there are- some who have been permanently enmeshed by Bahai subtleties, or rather sentimentalities. A few thousand openly avow themselves as followers of Baha Ullah; they have congregations in a number of places; and they carryon a more or less active propaganda under the auspices of what they call "The National Association of the Universal Religion." Among the disciples are some men and women of considerable wealth, who not only finance the missionary activities in America but actually send out workers to Persia, to strengthen the cause there. In America some are misled by this effort, in quarters that we should least expect it. Recently a professor in one of our well known Christian Colleges was found holding parlor meetings and making addresses in favor of this cult. In fact, the movement is misleading the public and cannot be ignored.

If the Bahaiist claims were true and the religion a blessing to mankind, we should bid the workers God speed, but if they are false, the falsehood should be exposed. A simple statement ought to be sufficient to dissipate any tendencies Bahaiward in minds not blinded by its errors and hypocrisies. No one who has any appreciation of the perfect life of Jesus or who has found the Way of Life in Him, could after knowing the unvarnished facts of Bahaism, become a follower of Baha Ullah.

In the first place, the historical facts regarding the origin and growth of this new faith dispel all illusion or delusion that it is from God.

In 1844 Mirza Ali Mohammed of Shiraz, Persia, announced himself as the" Bab," which being interpreted means the "Door." This claim has of course no meaning to any but those who are versed in Mohammedan, or to be more exact, Shiite Mohammedan theology. The Shiahs believe that there were twelve "Imams" who succeeded in turn to the position and dignity of Mohammed, as the leader of the Moslem world. The twelfth and last of the Imams disappeared centuries ago and is said to be in hiding, where he will remain until the fulness of time, when he will reappear as the promised Mahdi. For a season the occultation of this Imam was not so complete but that he had some connection with the outer world through certain chosen persons who acted as the door of access to him, and who were called therefore by the name "Bab." There were successively four of these Babs and then for a long period of time all message~ from tl!{l absent Imam cpased. Mirza

THE BAHAI PROPAGANDA IN AMERICA

Ali Mohammed in calling himself by that perfectly understood title of Mohammedan theology thus laid claim to have reopened com- munication with the absent Imam. Later he asserted that he was that Imam himself, and that the long expected and passionately desired Mahdi had arrived. Later still he climbed even higher in the hierarchy of heaven, indeed to the very highest position of all, and did not hesitate to assert that he was the "Nukta," or Point of Divine Unity; or to use more western phraseology, that he was very God himself. Certain elements among the Shiahs gave him a hearty welcome. With the enthusiasm of a new faith his followers carried their gospel everywhere, and won many adherents, who were called Babis i. e. men of the Bab. The movement was accompanied by political agitation; and partly for that reason and partly because of the new heresies that he promulgated, the Bab was seized, and after a short career of oniy six years, much of which h~ spent in prison, he was executed. Then followed a severe persecution in which many Babis suffered as martyrs for their faith. But while many died bravely rather than renounce their new religion, others were moved by a spirit of revenge to ;raise the banner of revolt; and later still three followers of the Bab tried to assassinate the Shah, Nasr-ud-Din. These acts of violence reacted upon the whole body of Babis, making them objects of fear and hatred.

After the death of the Bab, his mantle fell, by appointment of the Bab himself, on Mirza Yahya, a young and enthusiastic disciple, .who was given the high sounding title of Subh-i-Azal ("The Morning of Eternity"). This young man's half brother, older than he by several years, and a stronger and more aggressive personality, was known as Balla Ullah, ("The Splendor of God"). He served Subh-i-Azal as his right hand man for a number of years; and when at last he felt strong enough to assert himself, he put forth the claim that he was the promised one "whom God should manifest," in other words that he, not Subh-i-Azal, was the new "Manifestation" of Divinity. This declaration split the Babi society; the minority who clung to Subh-i-Azal were called Azalis; the great majority who followed Baha Ullah received the name of Bahais. So bitter was this controversy and so violent the spirit of its partisans, that the Government of Turkey, in whose territory the Babi leaders had taken refuge from the persecutions of the Persians, banished the two rival religious heads, Baha Allah to Acca in Syria, andSubh-i-Azal to Cyprus. In the heated strife that divided the new religionists, not only every form of villification was used, but it was freely charged by both sides that the other party was not hesitating to employ the weapons of assassination, poi,son and secret violence, against the rival leaders. To

say the least it was a disgraceful Oriental row, in which not principles but personal ambitions were the controlling motives.

During the remaining years of Baha's life he lived in Acca, nominally a prisoner, but in reality in comfort and luxury through the liberal support of Persian Bahais, and their many pilgrims to Acca. When he died in 1892, he left four sons, and at once there was precipitated another period of factional strife like that which had disgraced the older generation. Out of this conflict Abbas Effendi, the eldest of the sons, emerged victorious over his brothers, and was recognized as the "Center of the Covenant," the fount of all authority. He was however barred from appearing as a new Manifestation of Deity, inasmuch as his father had pronounced that no such could occur again for 1000, years. He had to content himself therefore with being a reappearance of Jesus Christ, and he has taken the "apparently humble title of Abdul Baha, the" Servant of Baha."

This in Ibriefest possible compass, is the history of the rise of the Bahai faith. The story of the Bb merits considerble interest and sympathy. Whatever we may think of the Babi creed, the Babi martyrs proved the sincerity of their faith. But in its later chapters it has been a sordid story of vile recrimination, disgusting intrigue and, as many believe, actual blood stained violence. !Surely there is nothing uplifting in this Bahai movement. It is not a wisdom that cometh down from above, but is earthly to say nothing of the other two adjectives used by St. James.

In the second place the theology of the Bahais, if rightly understood, must be abhorrent to all Christians. Bahaism is a very different thing in its own home in the Nl.'ar East, than when masquerading in western garb. Bahaism in America is camouflaged. Here it is put forth as a universal religion, whose chief tenets are the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, doctrines that have a welcome place in all the humanitarian creeds of today. In addition it preaches an obligation to world wide peace. Peopl(l who hear an eastern sage propounding truths that they have been taught to hold dear are inclined to welcome hini. as true prophet of God. But these doctrines are not true Bahaism, but are what Bahaism has learned from Christianity, and are garments in which it clothes itself for western approval.

The real theology of the Bab and of Baha mlah is an outgrowth of Mohammedan thought, and has its roots in the doctrines of the Shiite branch of Islam. Its cardinal doctrine is that truth is progressively revealed, that each age or cycle must have a new revelation, and this can be had only by a fresh "Manifestation" or incarnation of God. There have been six such "Manifestations" in history, Abraham, Moses, Christ, Mohammed, the Bab and Baha mlah. Each was divine, and each brought to his own age a true

revelation; but the system of each in turn was outgrown, that of Moses by that of Ohrist, and that of Ohrist by Islam. The creed of Baha transcends and therefore supercedes all others, even as his person outranks all other past "Manifestations" in fulness of divinity. Baha Ullah did not hesitate to claim absolute deity. "The one foretold by Ohrist has come among us" his son Abdul Baha declares. In the seventh chapter of Daniel the "Ancient of Days" is affirmed to be Baha, and the" Son of Man" Abdul Baha. He is spoken of by his followers as the "Lord of Hosts," and the "Lord God Almighty." "The Manifestation," being thfl chief fact of every cycle, the greatest obligation of men is to recognize that "Manifestation" in each cycle as he appears.

We might say much of the puerility of a system that holds that one "Manifestation" was due in 1844, and that less than 20 years after the death of the Bab another "Manifestation" was necessary. The Bahais seem to feel this weakness and try now to minimize the work of the Bab and his followers, while they claim to their own credit all the martyrs of the Babi faith. They would have us believe that the Bab was only the John the Baptist of the new dispensation. But the Bab never played the roll of a John the Baptist. He was no "voice crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord." He claimed to be the Lord himself. Yet in less than a generation his system was outworn and superceded by another. But aside from such childishness, how can enlightened men and women accept any faith that puts Mohammed above Ohrist and Baha above both; that holds that a man who had two wives and a concubine, to speak of nothing else derogatory to his character, was the Lord of Hosts. "Your God had two wives" said I once to a gathering of Bahais in Persia. "Does God need wives 1" Their answer was "yes."

One wonders how anyone can know the facts of Baha's life and putting them in contrast to the sweet and holy character of Jesus Ohrist, believe that Baha was a fuller revelation of divinity than Jesus.. One is puzzled to understand how one can read the New Testament along with the "Ikan" or the "Kitab-ul-Akdas," and for one moment give the palm to the last two as higher revelations of truth. The Bab gave as a proof of his divine mission, "I can write in one day 2000 verses. Who else can do this~" Baha outdid the Bab in this particular also and is reported to have composed 1500 verses in one hour "without premeditation or reflection." The result is just what you might expect from such a feat, a jumble of confused, unsystematic, prolix, repetitious lines on almost every conceivable sUlbject.

In the third and last place the moral standards of Baha are not such as can be accepted 'by the followers of the Christ.

Bahaism makes a great boast that it has taught the equality

of woman with man, and to have raised the standard of womanhood and of the· home. Professor Browne of Cambridge University, who does not err as too severe a critic of Bahaism, declares that its contribution to the elevation of womanhood, has been greatly exaggerated. Bahaism permits bigamy, (and note that two wives are permitted to the man, not two husbands to the woman); and divorce is made easy (to the man but not to the woman). The veil is not abolished; the women of Abdul Baha's household no less than others in the east are kept from the gaze of men. This may not be strange in view of the fact that the Bahais have brought over into their new faith the low standards of Islam on all subjects affecting sex. It is said that in one of the large cities of Persia some progressive Bahaissuggested a gathering of men with unveiled women; but such was the unseemly behaviour of the men that the experiment was never repeated. It is not in Baha Ullah the bigamist that woman finds her emancipation.

There are other counts against the ethical standards of Bahaism. It is deplorably loose in its attitude toward truth. The Bahais have taken over the Shiite rule of takiya, or religious dissimulation, which has been one of the worst blights upon society in the East. . The teaching is that anyone, to help the cause of his religion, or to save himself from loss or inconvenience, may conceal or deny his religion, if only he believes it in his heart. For example, the Persian teacher in our mission school in Urumia for many years, stoutly denied time and again that he had any leanings to Bahaism. He had at one time visited Acca and seen Baha, and he always referred to him in public with a sneer. He continued in the service of the mission until it was discovered that he was carrying on a secret Bahai propaganda in our school among the boys. Such dishonesty is countenaJlced and even taught by the head of the faith.

There is no question but that the spread of Bahaism in the East has been attended with great enthusiasm at times and intense zeal in proselyting. Noone can deny this who has had any contact with its adherents. But alas, all who know them will he forced to admit that there has been no corresponding reformation of character and uplift of life. It is a religion of immense claims and high sounding words; but of' no real power over the heart and life. Judged by the standard of "By their fruits ye shall know them," it must stand condemned.

What shall we say of those in enlightened America who have been so readily led astray by the specious' claims of this Persian born religion! I can think of no message more suitable than the words of Jeremiah, "For my people have committed two evils; they have forsaken me, the fountain of living waters, and hewed them out cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water."

Children at The Alert Bay

BY MISS ANNE FORRESTER, BRIDGELANDS, CHUDLEIGH, ENGLAND WHERE is Alert Bay? Is it part of the mainland of British Columbia, or on Vanoouver Island, or a remote islet on the Pa- cific Coast T A friend had lately been sent there by the Bishop of Columbia to teach in the Mission School and I wanted to know the location. From Vancouver I started up the coast in a small steamer and after twenty-four hours found myself at Cormorant Island, a beautiful spot; mountainous and covered . with virgin forest, the property of the Indians. Around the half moon of the bay ran the only cultivated land. A well equipped hospital was at one end, and the mission school at the other. Be- tween, was a salmon cannery, a sawmill and the Indian village of Alert Bay. The mainland of British Columbia lay behind the island and opposite rose the purple mountains of Vancouver Island.

The Kwagutl Indians are mostly heathen despite the fact that a Roman Catholic Mission was established in their midst many years ago. After it had failed to convert the Indians, !Mr. and Mrs. Corker came some twenty years ago to the tiny Indian village where a steamer called once a month. There were then only three white families on Alert Bay. 'I.'he brave, English pioneers needed all their courage in this wild spot where hard work was plenty. Mr. Corker started to learn the Kwagutla language and in five weeks he was able to preach his first sermon in the native tongue. For the first two years the missionaries had only one or two boys! Children were brought by their parents and almost instantly re- moved again. But Mr. and Mrs. Corker struggled on, and in five years the school flourished so that at present a very good number of intelligent pupils occupy a large and imposing building.

Next they started a girl's school which now stands in cleared ground close to the Corkers' house. It has been built by the Gov- ernment, who allow a sum of $100 per annum for each girl, the only stipulation being that she must be a pure-blooded Indian and above six years of age. Other expenses are paid by the Mission. The building, while lacking in such trifles as chairs and tables, has been provided by a thoughtful government with twenty-six shower baths!

The matron and the tea,cher arrived and on the occasion of the next "Potlatch" or native feast, four little girls took advantage of their mothers' absence to dress themselves in their best pink stockings, earrings and shawls and run away from home, their destination being the mission school. Here they arrived triumph- antly and were received by the puzzled principals who, not knowing 597

what else to do, tubbed the unexpected arrivals and put them to bed. The mothers, warned of their offsprings' escapade, arrived next day and giving in to the childrens' appeal, signed a paper stating thpir wish that their children be received as pupils.

The next batch arrived in the middle of the night, a very usual time, since the coasting steamers are often late. Whenever they arrive they are welcomed and after a scrubbing (very necessary in some cases) are clothed in uniform. Their own weird garments are washed and laid aside for the holidays-for the girls go home for a month each sumtner.

A totall,)! untaught Indian girl is somewhat difficult to deal with. Very' few speak any English. When I visited Alert Bay there were, beside the Kwagutl girls, some from Rivers Inlet, Metla Katla, and Kitla Katla, and others from distant islands, all speaking in different tongues. For the most part they know nothing of books. Kitchen utensils, beds, and furniture are novelties to them, for the Indian of the Pacific Coast Jives mostly ;by fishing; his camp is his home, and here are only the barest necessities of life. The" Dancing Halls" where many of the Indians still live, are also quite empty of furniture; enormous barnlike places lit by a huge fire in the middle, round which the chiefs dance in "potlatch." Dark cupboards near the entrance form the sleeping places for men and women alike, but proper beds there are none.

To train the children to cleanly and orderly habits would seem a herculean task, yet it is not so. The girls are extraordinarily imitative; they are all immensely interested in their new way of life, and watch the principals with hawk-like eyes in order to copy every movement.

The coast Indian of the north has some white blood in his veins and a strong admixture of Japanese; some of the children greatly resemble little J aps, and many are exceedingly pretty, with golden brown hair and lovely complexions; all are lively and graceful. In the house they wear no shoes and move with silent, naked feet over the polished boards, carrying themselves erect as little soldiers. The youngest wait at' table, and there is no unseemly noise or confusion as they move to and fro. They sit at two loug tables, the principals being at a small separate one where they can direct operations and correct one if she fills her mouth too full or remind another to take her glass in the right hand.

The domestic training of the girls falls to Miss Nevil, whose emphatic speech seems to penetrate even the dullest understanding. She does the cooking herself, training the girls meanwhile in laundry work, or as housemaids, but in time they will take their part in the kitchen and also learn to sew, for most Indians develop

INDIAN CHILDREN AT THE ALERT BAY MISSION

a decided talent for needlework. Their lessons are at present very simple. First, religious instruction, then reading, writing and drilling. For the last they display great aptitude. At six 0 'clock comes their playtime. Miss Nixon has provided them with skipping ropes and plays the piano every night while they have musical games and square dances. On Saturday afternoons they go home to spend a few hours, escorted to the doors of their squalid abodes by Miss Nixon, who hates to see her trim, neat little girls disappearing into such horrible places. If not allowed this privilege the Indians would remove all their children, so for the present the custom remains.

The older women, who keep to the old evil ways of the potlatch, are for the most part hostile to the school; the younger ones mostly approve of it. As we marched through the village there were many amused and curious glances bestowed on the little troup by the various Indians squatting, pipe in mouth, at the doors of their dancing halls. Sometimes a filthy 'Old man in a blanket would be pointed out as one of the fathers, sometimes a half naked bDY or dirty little damsel in a night-gown like garment, embraced with great affection. Looking from them to the clean girls with their luxuriant, well brushed hair, one felt that five weeks of school ha:d indeed worked wonders.

What will be the ultimate destiny of these eager little pupils ~ Well trained iu domestic wDrk, the ex-scholars of the various mission schools could supply a pressing need in Canada, if only they wOl;lld take service; but they are hopelessly lazy and prefer to settle back into. the slipshod ways of their tribe. Nor are good wages an attraction, for many of the Indians are exceedingly rich, owners of steamers and proprietors of good ranching land which they never cultivate. Except in potlatch they spend very little money; so the saving of wealth cannot be a great interest, yet a marriageable daughter is invariably sold to the highest bidder. Should the girl's parents fall into poverty they wHl often persuade her to leave her husband in order that they may sell her again to any man, white or dark, who may desire her. A husband tiring of his wife will frequently make the same hDrrible bargain, so that many of the little girls at the Mission know the husbands of their mothers, but their real father is quite unknown.

Great immorality is rife among these Indians. One family I met who were really Christians, had brought up twenty Christian children (as a rule no Indian has more than three), one of whom had just had a pretty wedding at the Alert Bay church. But as a general rule the fate of the Coast Indian maid is very different. One girl of thirteen was removed from thf school the week before my arrival because her parents decided that she was 'Of marriageable age. The ceremonies the poor child was obliged to go through

were very curious. Seated alone in a dark room facing the north, dressed in certain robes, her wrists and ankles were bound with bark, and in this constrained position she was made to perform various tasks, for whatever she did, whatever peculiarities she evinced during these ten days, so her character would remain. If she idled, she would always idle, if she talked, she would become a chatterer, so silence was imposed, and she might not even look out of the window. After ten days she was shown to the tribe as a potential bride and received the young mens' congratulations. At the next potla,tch she was sold to the highest bidder and followed the fortunes of her mate to his distant camp. She fishes with him all the summer and walks behind him to carry the salmon as he sells them from door to door.

Looking at the bright, childish faces of Olangeela and Bertha (she does not, fortunately, use her native name of Tsibulkitl). I often wondered what would be their fate. Perhaps to marry the well trained lads from the boys' school. I recalled the words of an old missionary, who worked all his life among the Indians further south. "We can do little with this generation, but we shall look confidently for the fruits of our labors among the children's children."

THE INDIAN'S TWENTY-THIRD PSALM The Indian language is not easily subject to translation and in their intercourse with one another the various tribes use a sign lan- guage, more or less universal, which they have evolved. The fol- lowing is a translation of the twenty-third psalm which can easily be interpreted by this sign language: The Great Father above is a Shepherd Chief. I am His, and with Him I want not.

He throws out to me a rope, and the name of the rope is Love, and He draws me, and He draws me, and He draws me to where the grass is green and the water not dangerous, and I eat and lie down satisfied.

Sometimes my heart is very weak and falls down, but He lifts it up again and draws me into a good road. His name is Wonderful.

Some time, it may be very soon, it may be longer, it may be a long, long time, He will draw me into a place between mountains. It is dark there, but I'll draw back not. I'll be afraid. not, for it is in there between these mountains that the Shepherd Chief will meet me, and the hunger I have felt in my heart all through this life will be satisfied. Sometimes he makes the love rope into a whip, but afterwards he gives me a staff to lean on.

He spreads a table before me with all kinds of food. He puts His hands upon my head an.d all the "tired" is gone. My cup He fills till it runs over.

What I tell you is true, I lie not. These roads that are "away ahead" will stay with me through this life, and afterward I will go to live in the "Big Tepee" and sit down with the Shepherd Chief forever.

Russia Outlawed Vodka'

BY PROF. IVAN V. NEPRASH, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Professor in the Russian Bible Institute. and Vice President of the Baptist Union of Russia .

I N August of 1914, there was in Russia a really bright day. By one stroke of his pen the 'Czar closed all saloons and wine shops, and forbade the sale of any kind of intoxicating drinks. This order was carried out with tremendous enthusiasm. The enemies of temperance were obliged to do so as they saw that otherwise quick mdbilization would become failure. The bloody riots and even battles in the streets of Za.rizin, and other places where the recruits got hold of vodka shops, proved this.

What prohibition in Russia meant to the war is shown by Germany's response to it. Six months after the war had started a captain of a ship escaped from Germany and told me of the surprise and disappointment that filled the Germans when the news about prohibition in Russia reached their ears. "Vodka was our greatest ally in the East!" was frequently exclaimed in Germany. The officials did. not allow it to be known to the public, and for three months German newspapers were filled with descriptions of great rebellions among drunken soldiers in Russia.

It is hard to describe the change in Russia due to this prohibition. To understand it one must know what vodka meant to Russia. The drunkenness during recent years was too awful to describe. A child was simply born in vodka, fed by it in its mother's milk, baptized by drunken .parents, grew up surrounded by this awful drink and its evil influences, was drunk on every feast day (which with Sundays were about 152 in number every year), died from the use of vodka and was buried with vodka.

A colonel IOf the State Recruiting Department in 1908 complained that during the last few years they had found it very difficult to find men tall enough to be placed as guards for the regiments. The hospitals for the insane had to enlarge their accommo~ dations and so did the pris'ons, which were increasing in number every year. Between the years 1911 and 1913 there was an addition of 15,000 prisoners, to' say nothing of the poor women and children wbused by drunken husbands and fathers.

Temperance work in Russia met with few results, as the manufacture and sale of vodka was monopolized by the state. In some places it was not considered safe to speak against vodka as it was counted by some simple officials as against the interests of the state. The state treasury so increased its funds from the sale of liquor that its budget was called a "drink-budget" (824 millions in 1912 and 935 millions in 1914).

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All that diabolical system was closed by special edict enforced through all Russia. What a change! Glad news was coming from all parts of Russia, describing the change everywhere.

The influence of prohibition on the wealth of the people was visible even during the firlst months. I knew of a drunkard in Petrograd; he was a god worker and earning a good deal of money, but he lived according to the proverb: "The coins roll off themselves and papers are blown off by the wind (to the saloons). After these were closed he bought a good suit of clothes, a pair of shoes and still had some money left. He confessed that for the first time in his life he had a ruble in his pocket and that it stayed there for several days. Multiply this case by millions and you will understand "dry" Russia. The state savings bank shared in the profit which was the outcome of prohibition; branches of this bank appeared here and there like mushrooms after a good rain, because the banking which every postoffice carried on could not take care of the people's savings. Very often those buildings which had been occupied by "Kazionka;' (vodka shops), were later rented for branches of banks. The state savings bank announced tremendous increases. The official figures speak for themselves. In 1913 the income was $17,510,000 34,000,000 rubles) and ~t had increased in 1914 to $43,260,000, while in the first two weeks in January, 1915, it was $7,880,000. This is in contrast to $155,000 the previous year. The prohibition of intoxicants was the chief cause for this increase.

The prosperity was seen among the working classes especially. The moral results of that act were wonderful and surprising. The evangelical church in Petrograd was accustomea to invite on the first Easter morning to the service and to dinner the "down-andouts" of Petrograd. Members of the church went into narrow, dark streets and invited drunkards, fallen women, robbers, murderers-everyone who had no place to sleep and no table at which to sit at that time. Of course, there were very many who came. But on Easter, 1915, we had a strange experience. The tables were ready but no guests-nobody was to be found! So we had a real feast' on that Easter morning-we had to eat our meal ourselves.

The greatest influence of the prohibition work was psychological. In every war the s'oldiers must believe they will conquer the enemy. There were few in Russia who really could believe that the monopoly of the state could be crushed. However it became a fact and all could see it and even the drunkards admitted that they never believed it was possible to live without vodka. Now they realized that It was possible. The change was so beneficial that not ouly women and societies, but former drunkards begged the authorities never to open vodka shops again.

GATHERED AROUND 'l'HE BEER

An African Autobiography A' Fragment by Daniel Nhlane, a Christian Convert PRESENTED BY REV. DONALD FRASER, NYASALAND Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, Livingstonia Mission D ANIEL Nhlane died a triumphant Christian death after he had served the Kingdom of God with notable fervor for twenty-one years. He had won for himself an honored place in the affections of the people, having acted as a teacher and then as an evangelist. He had been trained for the ministry, and in a few months he was to be ordained. His loss was a tragic one to us, but the joyful, calm end of his fruitful life possibly was as great a witness to the goodness of God as anything he had ever taught by word or deed. A year before he died I asked him to write his autobiography for me. He had completed it up to the time of his baptism before he was seized by mortal sickness. The document is of great value, fo1' it presents with cando]' and viVId detail many things in his adventurous life that are worth recording. With unusual accuracy he traces the progress of his mind from darkness to light, without hid.ing how very dim after all that light was. To me the revelation of the African's view of things, is of special interest, and I think that most people will find the story 603

fresh and entirely different from the type of missionary description to which the white man's reports have accustomed them.

Daniel was the son of a Swazi headman, Chipatula, who had won for himself a place of much power in the Ngoni tribe. He was born about 45 years ago, after the tribe had settled down on the plateau to the west of Lake Nyasa. For thirty years the Ngoni had been nomads, starting from the lands south of the Zambezi during the great unrest that the famous Zulu tyrant Chaka had caused, and raiding as far north as Lake Victoria Nyanja. Finally, after they had split into many divisions, and scattered themselves over a huge part of the Continent, the main section of the people settled to the west of Nyasa, and there lived by raiding the surrounding tribes.

When the Livingstonia Mission entered these regions, they made their headquarters on the shores of Lake Nyasa among the Tonga people. But the constant warring of the Ngoni greatly disturbed their work. At length they attempted to open work among these raiders, and after a very hazardous beginning, were able to send two Kaffirs from Lovedale in South Africa as pioneers. These men understood the language of the Ngoni, for they still spoke Zulu. William Koyi, whose native name was Mtusane, succeeded in capturing the respect and affection of the chiefs, but the other Kaffir worker did not live a very creditable life. It was not till some six years after Dr. Elmslie arrived that any tangible fruit appeared. Daniel was one of the very first converts, and he describes with faithfulness the struggle of these days, which he helped to make so hard, until Christ conquered him.

In what follows I have translated what Daniel wrote so that the native viewpoint may not be obscured, only omitting some tribal and family particulars that are uninteresting to the general reader.

THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY I shall try to set forth carefully the things that I have seen from my youth until now.

When I was a small boy I saw that my father never allowed his children to eat along with slaves. If discovered doing this the mother of that child was beaten because of the careless upbringing of her child. Nor were we allowed to eat fish or fowls. The fish, he said, were snakes, and the fowls crows. We all had nurse girls to look after us when our mothers went to drink beer, or to watch their women hoeing in the_ gardens: For my father was a rich man, with a great reputation in war. His "impis" fought with the Arabs and killed them, and got great booty from the merchandise that they were carrying for the purchase of slaves. After that the Arabs often came to our villages,

19191 AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY 60S

and when my father died an Arab, Lumandala, was there together with his company of carriers.

When my father was buried four pits were dug. Into one his body was put along with all his accoutrements of war; into the others trusses of cloth, that his property might go with his spirit. He had not reached old age, and he died mourning for his eldest son.

I was then about eight or ten years of age. When they tried to find out the cause of his death many were slain. For messengers had been sent to Mombera, the head chief, to tell him that Ohipatula had died, and he asked how he died. The men replied A GROUP OF NGONI WARRIORS Some of Daniel's companions in the raids. Muzukuzuku (sitting) and some of his men that he had followed after Bongo who had been suspected of having done wrong with Mombera's sister and had fled. On his way home he had been badly bitten by the tanpan bug and soon afterwards took ill and died. Mombera ordered them to call Bongo that he might be killed along with all his people.

Bongo was slain is a very cruel fashion, after the manner of the Tonga. He was burned alive. In the agony of the fire he named others, crying out, "Why is not Sango Ohipeta here7" Then the Tonga shouted, "Hear him, he has accused Ohipeta." On hearing this, Sango fled to the royal village to save himself, but he was given up. to his enemies, and killed along with his chief wife.

Now the Tonga serfs remembered that Ohipatula had once

said to them, "If I should die, do not remain under the Ngoni, but return to the Lake, to your own country." They pondered over this and made their plans to escape, but news of the conspiracy came to the ears of their Ngoni masters, and soon a rumor spread that the Ngoni had given an order that" all the bulls and cows were to be killed, but the heifers and calves were to be spared." This was quickly interpreted to mean that the growp. men and women among the Tonga were to be murdered, but the boys and girls were to be saved alive. So hasty steps were taken to escape.

Each village was presided over by an Ngoni master, most of the people living with him being his serfs. When the plot was ripe, the Tonga suddenly rose in the night, and slew the masters and their free wives, and casting away the beads and other little ornaments that they had gathered under the Ngoni rule, they fled for the Lake.

As soon as news of this massacre was received, the chiefs summoned their regiments, and three armies started for the Lake in pursuit. But on the way one of the armies turned aside to attack the villages of a headman of their own tribe who had a dispute with their chief, and there got severely beaten. The othe'r two armies arrived at the lake at Chinteachi and found there a great stockade built near the lake and surrounded b)' marshes. They attacked, and were caught in the treacherous ground, an'd in hidden traps, and. were decimated by the Tonga. "~en the remnants returned, the land was full of weeping. Widows and orphans were in every village, and the flower of the Ngoni armie.s'fay dead.

Now followed a year of famine and poverty. The children of the chief had no clothing but bits of goat skin, and little food beyond maize chaff steeped in water. There were no men to keep the villages, and the houses became ruinous. Then the headman of Chipatula's villages called the remaining warriors together, and said: "See, the children are dying of hunger. Let us go to the Lake and forage there, that we may get food for the children."

The army gathered, and a noted witch-doctor, whose sons afterwards became the first Christians, consulted the bones, and blessed the army, warning them not to pass the grave of Chipatula, which lay on the proposed route, without offering sacrifice there..

They started on their expedition, offered sacrifice at the grave, and next day prepared to cross the high open grasslands that divide Ngoniland from the lake country. In the morning one man went off to look for berries in the bush, and, to his amazement, saw standing among the trees a tent ; beside it were two white men and a number of Tonga carriers. He cautiously approached. The Europeans were Dr. Laws from Bandawe, and Mr. John Moir, and with them was William Koyi, a Kaffir from Lovedale. Koyi

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

was at once able to make himself understood, and said to the startled warrior: "Go back, and tell the Ngoni that we are coming to visit them. " The man returned to the impi, and cried: "Be quiet, everyone. '':' Then a great silence fell on the wondering host. But no word was uttered by the warrior. He only shook his head, and sat silent. The others questioned him, and asked what had happened.

OLD WARRIORS WHO CROSSED THE ZAMBEZI Notice the headring made of natural hail" and beeswax-the insignia of a married warrior At last he said, "I have seen spirits of the dead. One of them seems a little familiar, and there are live Tonga with them. I tried to look carefully, and think that perhaps one is Chipatula risen from the dead, and another his younger brother. But they have Tonga with them."

"Come let us draw near, and "see," cried the warriors. So they came to the tent, greatly wondering. The white men gave them beads and cloth. Then the warriors said, "Are they not living men1" But others said, "They feel like spirits. See they have just come from the grave. Their bodies are soft." Messengers were sent off to the village to say, "The impi has had a great vision. Tell the witch-doctor to get the village ready." Then the doctor got medicine ready, and scattered it on the place where it was arranged the tent should be pitched, and he walilhed the people, and sprinkled the houses.

When the men returned they forbade the children to appear. "The strangers have shown themselves to us," they said, "but you will be terrified at the sight of them. Their bodies are like the bodies of little children, or like white calico. They took a paper and stuck it on a tree, and shot at.i.t many times, and pierced it once. They have given us cloth and beads, and the famine is over now.' ,* At this time I began to herd the cattle. Now herding was the center of much quarreling and fighting. If one drove of cattle wandered into the pastures of another, the herd boys fought, and sometimes one was killed. Then the fa:tfuers of the defeated boys rose in wrath and shame, and fought the villages of those who had conquered. Deaths resulted. The row was then brought before the head chief, and when he had tried the case, he fined heavily those who had begun the qua.rrel, and more lightly the defenders.

I became a senior herder and used to sit on an ant-hill with the other seniors, while the younger boys followed the cattle. From this vantage ground we watched for people coming along the path. As they drew near we would hide in the bush, ~nd one coming out would salute the passers, and say, "Give, me a snufF." Perhaps they had no snuff, and this was good cause for a dispute. As soon as words became hot the other lads darted out of the bush, and a fierce fight took place. If one of the travelers knew us, we tried to kill him, lest he should carry an accusation against us to the chief. So the herd boys became a terror to travelers.

When severe famine fell on the land, the work of attending the cattle became more dangerous, for while there was no maize for food, there were great numbers of cattle, and sheep, and goats. Then we used to watch for some poorly guarded cattle, and drive them away, beating off the boys in charge. We slaughtered the beasts and hid their heads and skins. For should anyone be discovered by the owners beside the horns or skin, that was sure evidence both of the identity of the beast, and of the thief, for the chief to go on in condemning him._ Sometimes while we were still busy flaying the animal the owners would draw near. Then some of us went out to meet them, and if words and argument could not hold them off, we fought, sometimes to the death, while our companions hurried on the skinning, and concealing of the accepted .means of identification.

In those days the herds were senior lads, not yet married. Their wO'i'k was too full of hazard for small boys. But though we were grown lads we were not married, for marriage was not allowed until we ,b()came developed men.

(To be continued in September.) and … Through this visit arrangements were made for the coming of the mission to the l'N!gjounyiu,Kaonydi another Kaffir settled near Chipatula's villages. A mission station was opened at soon afterwards Dr. Elmslie arrived to guide the mission through its pioneer stages.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, NEW YORK

A Showing of New Fall Missionary Materials Suggestions about how to use them, by some of the people who know them and who helpeJd to create them.

Of course it all depends on the Hne in which you are interested.

There are people who seek with avidity the display of new models in auto- mobiles. Then ther1e are those who hasten with swift feet to the advance showings of the latest models in hats and gowns. There may be persons who can actually pass with lustreless eyes such a wealth of new missionary materials as are herein shown. But the people who are really interested in the missionary line will study eagerly this showing of the supplies which ought to make 1919-20 the greatest year yet in missionary education circles.

A WEALTH OF NEW LI'l'ERATURE tail how the movement for the con- By Franklin D. Cogswell servation of life is being developed The year's missionary study litera- in one country. China presents an ture centers around subjects of such unusually interesting field for such a current interest that there is pros- study because of the broad program pect of an unusually rich and help- of public health education, sanitation ful season for 1919-20. The vast and prevention and treatment of dis- destruction of human life during the ease that has been initiated by mis- . years of war makes the theme of sionary, governmental and philan- "Christianity and Human Conserva- thropic agencies. Mrs. Gamewell has tion" most timely, and it is handled written her book after a fresh tour effectively in a series of publications. of China and has brought- together a great many new facts. How Chris- An impressive series of pictures tian missions are conserving the in- of the great task which Christian tellectual and spiritual as well as the missions has accomplished through- physical resources of this mighty out the world for the conservation of people is an important part of Mrs. human life among women and chil- Gamewell's handling of her subject. dren is contained in a A Crusade of Compassion for the Healing of the A book of capital stories on the Nations by Belle J. Allen, M. D. and theme of the year has been provided Caroline Atwater Mason.' The six in Foreign Magic by Jean Carter compact chapters of this most recent Cochran,' the author of "Nancy's survey of women's part in the fight M other." These tales of every-day against disease through the Christian China depict life at one of the most hospital in the great mission fields famous mission hospitals of China. will bring a stirring message to The ways of the village folk and the groups of women all over America helpful service of the mission staff who have been working together to in the curing of bodies and souls are relieve the suffering of war. It re- shown with a charm and humor that veals in an impressive manner the will make these stories very effective needs of millions of women and for use in connection with the study children the world over for medical materials. Stories from this book care. may be read or told as a part of the program in societies that are follow- New Life Currents in China by ing the study of the two text-books Mary Ninde Gamewell' shows in de- 'Published hy The Central Committee on the above mentioned. It will be easy to arrange simple dramatizations from United Study of Foreign Missions, West Med· ford, Mass. Cloth, SOc.; paper, 35c.; postage S Published by the Missionary Education Moveextra. . ment, New York., Price, $1.50.

2 Published by the Missionary Education Movement, New York. Cloth, 75c.; paper, SOc.

609

certain of the stories and thus bring ers of the Great Physician. No ap- before church groups in a manner peal for devotion of life to the deep- more striking than telling or reading, est needs of humanity is stronger the evidence of what a Christian than that which comes from the rec- hospital means to a Chinese com- ords of such lives. munity. On the side of home missions Miss Cochran's book is attractive there is but one adult study book for in style and is well suited for use as the year-CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZA- a reading book by many who do not TION: A Task for the Churches by participate in the organized mission Charles A. Brooks.' This is a time- study work of the church. Home ly subject and Dr. Brooks' thought- reading circles may be formed and at ful and helpful treatment brings out the end of the specified time, an in- the problems in a clear, concise way. formal meeting may be held with Those who base program meetings . some dramatizations based on the upon the book will discover that book, a map talk, or a well-planned there is an abundance of interesting statement ahout Christian medical topics in each chapter. It is ex- work throughout China. This will pected that groups using this book bring a group of home readers in will secure supplementary illustra- touch with the theme of the year. tive material from their own home mission boards and from the various For young people there is a series public and social agencies that are vf biographical sketches of great supporting the Americanization medical missionaries-Ministers of effort. The Americanization Divi- Mercy by James H. Franklin: Mis· sion of the Bureau of Education in sion study groups of young men and Washington is publishing a great young women, young peoples' socie- deal of valuable material on the sub- ties, and classes will find in these ject and has means for cooperating stories most helpful material for a with groups in local communities course of lessons or for individual which are undertaking an American- reading. The men and women of ization program. Some person in whom Dr. Franklin tells have served each class or society should be re- in many fields as the following list sponsible for making a connection of chapters shows: Theodore Pen- with the boards and societies that are nell of the Afghan Frontier, Chris- equipped to furnish guidance to tine I. Bennett of Arabia, Fred D. groups that wish to undertake some SheplUd of Turkey, James' Curtis practical efforts for Americanization Hepburn of Japan, Joseph P. Coch- in their own localities and to file in rau of Persia, Catharine L. Mabie convenient form the great amount of of Africa, Peter Parker of China, helpful material on this subject that John Kenneth Mackenzie of China, is appearing in the daily and maga- the Neves of Kashmir, John Scudder zine press. of India. These sketches will also furnish valuable supplementary ma- A helpful series of Bible studies terial for programs in those societies for groups studying Christian Amer.. that are studying world-wide medical icanization has been prepared by Ida missions. The task and triumph of Withers Harrison under the title the Christian doctor may be made "The Bible Message for the Stranger very real by having the story of one Within Our Gates.'" person from one particular fieIeI. told in detail. For younger readers-boys and girls in their teens-there is an inter- Sunday-school teachers will also esting new book about one of Ameri- find Dr. 'Franklin's book a rich source of illustration of what has been ac- • Published by the Council of Women for' complished by sor.le modern follow- Home Missions and the Missionary Education MovementJ New York. Price, cloth, 7Sc.; paper fo Published by the MissiOl~ar:r. Education Move- 40c. ment, New York. Cloth, 75c.; paper SOc. • Published by the Council of Women for Home Missions, New York. 15 cents.

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ca's home 11l1SSlOnary veterans. Any Crimson Tree, and other Tales, a boy and girl who loves stories of fascinating collection of stories about heroic adventure-of Indian fights, our neighbors in the young republic of the journeys across the plains in across the seas, where boys are just the early days of the opening West, beginning to learn how to fight floods and of the vigorous life of the pio- by planting trees, to wage war neers of civilization in the wilderness against famine by joining corn clubs, -will enjoy Brother Van by Stella to fight disease by becoming doctors; W. Brummitt.' This is the story of and where girls are getting their first Rev. William Wesley Van Orsdel, chances to learn to read and write whose parish for nearly fifty years and learn to be nurses. The tales has been the vast stretches of Mon- are written with a sympathetic intana and Idaho where he is univers- sight into the needs and interests of ally known as "Brother Van." The boys and girls, and will go far book is attractively printed and toward establishing a feeling of bound and is fully illustrated. friendliness and community of in- A new pageant which is especially terests between the young republicans suitable for use in church groups in of China and the United States. The this period foHowing the war is now volume will prove a fascinating story available,-A Pageant of Democracy book for the perusal of juniors as by Katherine H. B. Mullally.' It is individuals, or the tales may be read simple in form and does not require aloud, or told, by a leader to a group elaborate settings. The number of of children who in many cases may persons necessary for its presenta- wish later to dramatize the stories. tion is twelve; time, thirty minutes. The book is also to be used as the text for real study by a mission band. HOW TO USE THE NEW JUNIOR Provided to accompany it are two PUBLICATIONS sheets of pictures, "Chinese Boys and Girls," and "Chinese Snap By J. Gertrude Hutton Shots," to be used as illustrative ma- terial for note books, or formed into "Something to do! Something to "moving picture shows" as suggested read!" How insistent, and how nat- in the pamphlet prepared for leaders. ural is the junior demand for these These "Suggestions" also out-line two things, and what a long step in simple, practical and useful handthe correct training and education of work, quite within the possibilities the child has been taken when this of the average junior group, work to demand has been wisely satisfied. be undertaken in the spirit of sharing Never was there a greater wealth of and service, as an expression of the material prepared for the use of the new interest in the Chinese brothers growing boy and girl than at the and sisters which must inevitably be present time, and not alone the teach- aroused by a perusal of The H oner who is preparing for the autumn orable Crimson Tree. classes, but the parent with an eye to the provisions of wholesome, happy Simple service activities are also summer hours for her family, will suggested for the children who read welcome the list of jnnior publica- M ook, the set of Chinese tales for tions. children by Evelyn Worthley Sites, published by the Central Committee. The place of first honor may perhaps well be given to Miss Ferris' Coming to the homeland probnew book on China,' The Honorable lems, the juniors are offered Miss Van Marter's Called to the Colors, 'Published by the Missionary Education Move· which utilizes the idea of mobilizament, New York. Cloth, 75c.; paper SOc. tion of the Christian soldiers. The manual for this text has been writ- • Published by the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Missionary Education ten by Miss Margaret Applegarth, Movement. New York. Price, 15 cents.

* Published by Missionary Education Move· ment. . Price, cloth, 60 cents; paper. 40 cents: post paId.

and both text and manual are to be its fifty-six stamps, printed in 'three had from the Council of Women, or colors, and the descriptive text to the denominational board. accompany each stamp. For use as a prize, for rainy-day work, as a Just off the press of the Misssion- gift to send a sick child, as a pasary Education Movement is another time on a long train trip, for just homeland book, Americans All, by pure enjoyment, what boy or girl Augusta Huiell Seaman, a volume will not delight' in this book? Inof stories primarily designed to tell, deed, it is to be suspected that more which will fill a need frequently than one child of a larger growth felt by the Sunday-school teacher or will find no small degree of pleasure junior leader. To accompany this in the Babies, the Smiles and the book, three picture sheets are avail- H ames, travel far while' comfortable, "Mexicans in the United ably seated in his 'easy chair, and States," "Orientals in the United play many interesting Games, visit States," and "Children of the City." many unusual Schools, and do much These pictures are to be used in Sight Seeing by his own study fire, various ways, to illustrate the stor- for while the stamp book is offered ies which the children may be en- with the junior interest particularly couraged to retell to others in the in mind, the eight topics under which home, in other groups, to shut-ins or the stamps are grouped are so well in hospitals. Or the leader may ask chosen and so fascinatingly worked for written stories based on the tale out, that the appeal will extend far that has been told, and the pictures beyond the age for which it was may be used as rewards for the best primarily planned. one written. The pictures may be worked up into posters to be used In addition to the undenominafor the presentation of the story to tional publications here noted, each the school or the group; they may be board provides literature for its own used in the refiectorscope, and in special use. Most denominations also various other ways that readily sug- publish a children's magazine, which gest themselves to the resourceful offers new and interesting material person. Similarly, the new picture from month to month. Everyland, sheets, "The Armenians and Syr- the interdenominational children's ians," "The Japanese," and "The Es- monthly, has proved itself again and kimos," will carry, through eye-gate, again to be an indispensable tool in the missionary appeal in a language the equipment of the leader, and of easily understood; and these sets, on the greatest interest and fascination topics somewhat more difficult of to children. presentation, are timely and most welcome. SOME SAMPLES FROM "THE NEW LINE" Do Not Overlook the Postcards! By Florence E. Quinlan The set of twelve colored post cards published by the Missionary Executive Secretary, Council of Women Education Movement is just the for Home Missions thing to offer as a class prize, to passe-partout, for class room decora- Year after year we look forward to tion, or to send as a gift or a greet- the new books with a glad expectancy. ing to friends, or to some other We have grown so accustomed, these similar group of youngsters, perhaps latter days, to this yearly "opening" in a city school or on the frontier. that we almost forget that there ever But from the junior point of vi.::w, was a pre-"united study" era. It is quite the most fascinating publica- so delightful to know that while we, tion, just now ready, is the new book in our little group "in Podunk," are of World Friendship Stamps, with reading of the doings of people who differ from us in custom and costume, are studying the problems of large sections of humanity, are pondering

BEST METHODS

our specific share in the solution of "dim, religious light" eyes seek rethese problems, other groups all over sponses. this land of ours are concentrating upon the same topics, are discussing "Called to the Colors," by Martha the same questions. This year we Van Marter, with its "Leader's Manhave the added stimulus of knowing ual," by Margaret Applegarth, is that not only are missionary-visioned truly a summons to the red, white groups intent, but the whole nation, and blue of the Stars and Stripes and collectively and in component parts, the Christian flag. The Boy and has attention focused upon the theme Girl Scouts on its covers bugle a of the year-Christian Americaniza- "Call" to the boys and girls of the tion. land, and for the younger readers there is a Take-Home Envelope con- The War has brought us a deeper taining six cards to be "hand-paintrealization of Americanization-what ed" by youthful artists. Mothers' . it is, how far we have fallen short of hearts will be lightened for some attainment and how essential a factor scores of minutes on rainy days. it is in our future. It has given us a new concept of Christianity, and "Breathes there the (woman) with has left us with eyes opened, soul so dead" who would not like to hearts softened, brains and hands take a part in "A Pageant of Democ~ eager for tasks. The new study racy"? Little histrionic art is required book, "Christian Americanization, A of the participants, for with the ex- Task for the Churches," by Charles ception of Democracy and Christian- Alvin Brooks., Secretary, City and ity and four lines by America all Foreign-speaking Missions of the parts are in pantomime; virtually no American Baptist Home Mission So- stage setting is needed-a dell in the ciety, is based upon wide personal wild-wood or a manse lawn serving experience and knowledge, is written admirably as stage; no great outlay with sympathetic understanding, and of time and stitching do the costumes will be found enjoyable and profit- demand; and the one accessory, able by every variety of study group, music, may be a solo voice, a piano, from the intensive study class, the or an elaborate orchestral assemlecture course, the relay class, the blage: Why not interest some city meeting basing part of the program exotics at the country resort in on the book, to the reading circle. camouflaged missions? There is The supplement has again this year nothing in the title to scare timid been written by the fertile pen of souls afraid of the word "missions"; Mrs. D. E. Waid and is a fund of there is nothing in the text to cause fine suggestions. Full of "best stout hearts to quail. Try it on the methods," gentle reader, is this hotel piazza habitues, who learned supplement. We conserve space III last year to knit and serve at canthese columns by merely serving as finger-post to point the way. teens, and see if they do not re- spond to the thrill of Democracy's For use with the text-book or in lines: any gathering desiring a devotional service, "The Bible Message for The "America, great country, I shall write Stranger Within Our Gates" has Thy name upon the page of Freedom's been prepared by Mrs. Ida Withers Harrison. The six sections of Bible book, readings have been skilfully chosen, For thou did'st hear above the din of all being allied to the theme of the text-book. There is a somewhat un- war usual treatment of type in this little The clarion call to service for the booklet; the resultant "boldness" world," will be especially appreciated when in and to Christianity later in the page- ant: "I come, Democracy, yea, take my hand; Thy gift is Freedom-mine the love of God; Together we shall lead men ever on."

The pageant is not long, half or

three-quarters of an hour of a mid- gate is of proven excellence. summer afternoon in the cool of the Home Mission Week will be obday will suffice for effective presentation, but be sure to reserve an even- served November 16-23 inclusive. ing next winter when it will be given The theme is "The Soul of Democin the parish house. racy; Christian Service, Personal and Social," and a stimulating program Our Pilgrim and Puritan-ances- has been prepared for Women's tored New Englander would accord Missionary Societies by Mrs. Virgil his superlative of praise, "genteel," B. Sease. A thought-impelling servto the set of posters which the Coun- ice has been written by Mrs. Samcil of Women for Home Missions uel Semple for the Day of Prayer, has published. By the way, you have November 20th having been thus doubtless correctly apprehended that designated. In many cities all of the all the material above mentioned is societies of a given denomination or published by the Council of Women all in the community unite and hold and may be obtained from Board one large meeting, observing the Da) headquarters. The text-book for of Prayer. This comradeship in inadults and the pageant are published tercession is an immeasurable asset. jointly by the Missionary Education The efficacy of prayer, considered as Movement and the Council. a spiritual lever, is a perpetual mar- vel. One of the new set of posters is, "A Call to Service," a three-colored CENTRAL COMMITTEE LITERATURE poster, on which is portrayed the emblem of the Council, a woman be- The Contribution of the Federation of hind whom are the American and Women's Foreign MIssion Boa·rds Christian flags. At her left and right on this poster are two groups of of America needy ones. There is also a poster on Prayer and another on Coopera- By Mrs. Henry W. Peabody tion and Unity. The United States Government has given the Council The Central Committee on the a large supply of the "Americans United Study of Foreign Missions All" poster showing an Honor Roll issued its nineteenth text-book, "A of fourteen names of various nation- Crusade of Compassion for the alities. This poster was used in the Healing of the Nations," March first. Victory Liberty Loan and is now in- The sales of the book have already cluded in the Council's set. It can amounted to over 50,000, and the be used advantageously in connec- first edition of "Mook," the junior tion with study classes. The Prayer book is sold. The usual helpful proposter will be found especially help- grams on the senior book appear in ful in emphasizing the fundamental the pamphlet, "How to Use." The place prayer holds in the securing Central Committee has also secured of workers for the Lord's Kingdom, from the Presbyterian Board of Misand in rendering effective their ef- sions an edition of the valuable outforts. lines for "A Crusade of Compas- sion," prepared by Miss Gertrude The Lantern Slide and Lecture Schultz, well-known as a normal Bureau of the Methodist Episcopal teacher at our Summer Schools. Board of Home Missions and Church They are admirable and will put Extension has assembled a stereopti- the teaching instinct into the least con lecture on Americanization, in- hopeful leader. 1. terdenominational in character. The slides have been carefully selected, A leaflet of eight pages, called finely colored, and are accompanied World Health, provides a ~simple by loose-leaf text. This method of plan for four grades. of women. impressing the heart through the eye- Grade A includes the women who St~J:e &~~cs~sof i~~'O tgeYt~e :~!h~h~~tl~ne~e!~~ added for postage. We also recommend other denominational material.

BEST METHODS

will really study missions, taking Caroline Atwater Mason. This will Miss Schultz's outlines and pre- provide reading for many meetings, paring themselves to be study class and women who listen to this story leaders and program makers. Class of . appalling need will find them- B provides for the regular woman's selves, even if they are "not inter- mission circle, using the text book. ested in missions" members of their Frequently this group is too large miissionary societies in fact. It for a study class, but it may intro- would be well also that they add to duce certain features of the study their reading list the story of the class. For this group Mrs. Mac- new medical school in Vellore which Leish has prepared a delightful set is calling for aid. They need build- of programs based on the text book, ings, equipment, scholarships. This "A Crusade of Compassion." These booklet provides reading for one af- are really programs and can be used ternoon, and might lead to a crusade by any woman's missionary society. of compassion for these brave wo- '1 hese leaflets may be obtained from men who have started forth on this the Central Committee on the United great adventure which is to provide Study of Foreign Missions or from adequate medical aid for 150,000,000 the Woman's Board of the Baptist through the training of their own Church. Price 3 cents each, 30 Christian students. The price of the cents a dozen. Class C in the World booklet is 10 cents with 2 cents Health course consists of six busy added for postage.

women who cannot attend meetings. We have not as yet received any Of them it is only required that of the supplementary material for they have one text-book, one note- our junior book, "Mook, True Tales book, one meeting. Their duties of a Chinese Boy and his Friends."

are definitely stated in the leaflet. The book is in itself so charming Class D is called for most eagerly and complete that it hardly needs by women demobilizing as Red helps. Fifty pictures explain the Cross workers. They are not all text most vividly. We are, however, members of Women's Mission so- promised some attractive posters and cieties. They have, however, caught interesting material for children a new vision of need and suffering which will be on exhibition at our during the war and have met this Summer Schools.'

need with wonderful skill. They We must speak of the work acare ready now to take up work for complished by the posters which the stricken women and children over- Central Committee issued in Febseas in non-Christian lands. They ruary in connection with the Rainare eager to use their hands, as well bow Campaign. Already 10,000 sets as their brains, and so are preparing to do surgical dressings and band- of the posters have gone into hosages for our many mission hospitals pitals, colleges, and churches. We in foreign lands. These hospitals ought to send out 100,000 if we are have suffered during the war for to have results comm-ensurate with lack of aid and will welcome any our needs. One young woman sucof the Red Cross material that has ceeded in placing the Edith Cavell been so valuable to our men at the poster in fifty hospitals in the city front. It is proposed that such of Chicago. The superintendent of groups of women mobilize as White nurses in one of those hospitals, Cross reading circles, taking up "A seeing the poster with its silent mes- sage, day after day, caught the spirit Crusade of Compassion," and some of Edith Cavell and has offered herself with her splendid record of of the interesting medical missionary literature issued by denominational service to her own Mi~sion Board Boards in connection with our study :I Obtained through the Central Committee, Miss M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass. courses or the new serial story by

to go overseas. Is there any reason "Ligh( and Life for Women" of the why, with all the forces of women Congregational Board. workers in our Women's Societies, we cannot cover the ground this year "Women's Work" of the Presbyterian and do better publicity work in mak- Board in U. S. A ing known the needs of our Lord Jesus Christ? He depends on us to "Friends Missionary Advocate." voice His call. Instead we shut our- "Lutheran Woman's Work." selves up in a little vestry and go "The World Call" of the Christian over, in routine style, our little pro- Board." grams. We do not even assemble "Missions," of the Baptist Board. all the women of our own churches "The Missionary Voice" of the Metho- and we do not attempt to reach the dist Episcopal Church South. great group of women outside with "Women's Missionary Magazine" of sympathetic hearts and ready hands, the United Presbyterian Church. when they really understand that the "The Mission Field" of the Reformed Church has a great work of mercy Church in America. waiting for women to do. It is a "Missionary Tidings" of the United small task and one which does not Evangelical Church. require oratory or genius to put posters where people can see them, This story by Mrs. Mason, who and to send Rainbow leaflets to has made so many splendid contribu- young women who might go if they tions to missionary literature, as well knew the need. The cost is so as to popular fiction, will challenge . slight. An investment of 50 cents the attention of young people every- for a set of posters and 6 cents for where to the great need and oppor- Rainbow leaflets brings them to your tunity for Christian doctors in mis- door postpaid. These may be or- sionary fields. dered from Vomen's Foreign Mis- sion Boards or from Miss M. H. ATTENTION FOR SIMULTANEOl!S Leavis, West Medford, Mass. These postlers would make a beautiful MEETINGS prayer meeting program. They might be taken with you to summer An interesting report of results of hotels and put up in a corridor. notices and invitations comes from You might form a White Cross Mrs. L. C. Barnes, Secretary for reading circle and if you did any the New York District of the Wo- or all of these things in the spirit man's American Baptist Home Mis- of Jesus and with prayer for His sion Society. In an effort to seble ;~ing you migbt ~e the one to cure simultaneous meetings in every send a missionary and to save life. Baptist Church in New York Mrs. Barnes used the following methods AN ADVANCE STEP IN MISSIONARY for publicity: SYNDICATES An attractive poster sent out to be posted in every church several weeks A very valuable contribution to in advance. the missionary literature of the year is the serial story-"Conscripts of A pulpit notice sent to every pas- Conscience" by Caroline Atwater tor with a letter of explanation. Mason. It has been syndicated by the committee of Methods of Work A printed sheet giving definite and for the Federation of the Women's specific plans for the meetings, sent Foreign Mission Boards to be pub- to those in charge. lished in the leading missionary magazines. The following maga- Numbered bulletins to be given zines will run the serial beginning out, in order, to every woman poswith the September issue: sible. Although the date, Nov. 7, was in the midst of the influenza epidemic, and was also the day of the excite- ment of the false armistice reports, the interest created by the advance announcements was so great that 350 meetings were reported from which 30 new societies have actually been started and ten more promised, in addition to the inspiration received by the societies already at work.

Woman'~ Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J.

Representative of the Woman's Foreign Mission Boards AT THE VELLORE HOSPITAL sarees. Their bare feet enable them SISTER MAY, an English nurse to be quick and noiseless in their who came to the relief of Dr. Ida Scudder in a time of great need, movements. gives the following vivid bits descrip- In the corner here are two Mo- tive of Vellore Hospital scenes: hammedan women, "very gosha" we There are two large wards, one call them, because they are not used where poor patients are admitted to public life and in their homes are and treated free of charge, and one shut away and see no men but those for caste people who can afford to of their own household. As there pay a little. Besides this, are one or was no accommodation for them in two rooms for the wealthier patients the private wards, they had to be who pay a good fee. The beds are content to share with the others, but very comfortable with wire spring have a screen partly round them. mattresses, but as the Hindus are When their respective husbands visit used to the floor, it is difficult to get them, as we have not sufficient them to remain in bed at first. They screens, a sheet has to be tied bemuch prefer the hard floor. They tween the beds and they get as closefeel they are being put on shelves ly as they can beneath its shadow. and are very afraid of falling off. When the first one came in, she So a nurse here must never be showed no interest in. anything alarmed or distressed to find her around, being entirely occupied w'th patient on the floor at the side of, or herself. Now she really shows in· often under the bed. Each patient, terest in others, and expresses ~/m­ unless destitute, brings either a rela- pathy for their suffering. Poor tive or friend to look after her and women, this little experience of concook her food. Sometimes the patient tact with the outer world is good for gets under and the attendant takes them, and I really think they enjoy her place on the bed. It is no use it and are not sorry now that they trying- to keep the wards or patients could not be alone with themselves. in order as we do in England-one They are not too ill to take in all must be resigned to the inevitable that goes on. and do the best possible. BUit considering all things, the wards are In the next bed we find an old very clean and nice. The floors are lady who has been operated on for concrete and easily washed, walls are cataract. She is a Christian and the constantly whitewashed and a few widow of a Christian professor, she nice pictures hang. around. Each proudly tells us. (He was a theologipatient has her locker with a little cal teacher). Her eye is better, she white cloth on the top. The dress- says; she has had a good night and ing-wagon is in its place, medi- very little pain, and in affectionate cines in regulation order, and charts gratitude takes our hands and kisses as neatly kept as in any well-regu- them in turn. Next is a little girl lated hospital at home. There are of six years, convalescent after a seventeen nurses and a night nurse long enteric fever. Such a; dear litat present. They are all native tie round face and big brown eyes. Christian girls, and look so nice in She has just had permission to have their pink jackets and pure white her ordinary dinner of curry and rice, and any of you who have had typhoid fever and milk diet for three 617

weeks will sympathize with little the doctor a present in expression' of Jeevamonie's delight. She is just his gratitude. He would like it to beginning to enjoy life. Her moth- be a personal gift, but this the docer stands radiant by her side and tor objects to, and hopes he will be salaams profusely. persuaded to support a bed. He is not quite willing for this, which he We tum to the next bed. There suggests another member of the famis a poor wee mite of four years, suf- ily may like to do. Finally, he promfering from a bad congenital heart. ises a new table, badly needed in one She has a big body but poor little of the operating-rooms. withered legs that cannot support her. The face is too old for her Leaving this ward, we peep into years-she has constant headache, the operating-room as we pass. Sunand when asked how she is, will put dram, the little matron, is busy sterher little hand to her head and tell ilizing and getting ready for an opus, "Thalai novoo," head aching. I eration later on. All is in beautiful had one dollie left that my little con- order here and would do credit to sumptive patients at Dr. Bamardo's any of our English hospitals. village sent me for the black chil- A bell rings, and we know it is dren. So it cheers this tiny suffering time for prayers in the out-patients' India sister, and I wish the little hall. A hymn is sung in Tamil to patient who dressed and paid for some bright English tune. As many that dollie out of her few pence, as possible of the hospital staff are could see the brightening eyes and present and the singing is hearty. loving look as the dollie is clasped in Then one of the Bible women leads her little arms. in prayer and follows with a Gospel address illustrated by a large picture. Now we come to "Armonie,"- The patients as a rule listen intently, dear, patient Armonie; she greets us and occasionally make some remarks. with a smiling salaam, but she is a great sufferer. She has heart dis- Here is a mother with her little ease and very bad dropsy, and has girl of eight years lying on the floor to be continually tapped to get re- wrapped up in a sheet. She opens lief. She is so responsive to any the sheet as we approach and diskind word and deed, and always has closes such a pitable object, quite a smile and salaam when we pass her blind, the poor eyes being eaten bed. She is, sad to say, a heathen. away with a horrible disease. The Her husband quite lately consulted little face is terribly disfigured and 'the astrologers as to her fate, and the whole body far from a pleasant received great consolation by being object, but the doctor says her mothtold she was to live another twenty- er loves her dearly and considers her eight years. and outlive himself by a great treasure, and would greatly ten years. This news, he thought, feel her loss. We feel it would be would greatly cheer the doctor in the greatest blessing for the poor lither ministrations. After all, there tle sufferer to be taken away-there is nothing like keeping the spirits up is no hope and only a sad future call in a long illness, and HArmonie" await it. Poor mothers, for them there is no comfort at the thought shares her husband's consolation in of their little ones being safely folded the good news. in the arms. of the Good Shepherd.

We will not stay to talk about Let us consider the great need. each patient, but now pass to the There are one hundred and fifty milprivate ward where there is a dear lion women in India. Less than half old lady, the mother of a rich Hindu of this number are more or less se- cluded, being high caste Hindus or who can afford to pay well for her Moslems. These, according to rules treatment. She has had a cancer of caste and religion or rigid social successfully removed from her cheek and her son is desirous of making

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

customs, cannot be reached by any to Ludhiana, so great is the need but women physicians. A few of and so eager their desire to meet it. the lower classes can. of course, be British women have aided much in accommodated in government hospi- establishing this school in the north, in which Americans now have part. tals, which the British rule has provided. There are, however, for mil- Lady Dufferin, during her huslions of women who cannot be reach- band's official connection with India ed by government hospitals, one hun- as Viceroy, did noble work in esdred' and sixty women physicians. tablishing hospitals in India, which Owing to the exigencies of the cli- called forth the poem by Kipling, mate and the extreme difficulty of "The Song of the Women." the work, perhaps one-quarter of these are out of India on furlough, But until Indian doctors and leaving about one hundred in active nurses are trained, even these hosservice continuously. There is a pitals must often be closed for lack similar group of American and Brit- of staff. Neither Great Britain nor ish nurses who are doing a great America has sent anything like an service in training groups of Indian adequate number even to the one hospital here and there, hundreds of girls in the hospitals. The supreme miles apart. These missionary hosaim of this unit of one hundred pitals are rarely well equipped, never heroic medical women scattel1ed over properly staffed, and when one doca country larger than the United tor drops from overwork and ex- States, with people of two hundred haustion the hospital closes and hope nationalities and languages, is to es- dies in the hearts of the women. tablish medical schools where thou- Imagination fails to picture it. sands of Indian girls may be trained Millions on millions of women, to practice medicine for their own hardly more than children, more than people. This is the only adequate all the people in the United States, plan. The government of Indi 1 is never saw a doctor or nurse. They heartily in sympathy with the proposition and has endeavored to mect i. are born, live in pain, marry at eleven the need in some of its medical schools for men. Society, however, is or twelve, bear children, and die. not ready for the education of wo- Oh, the agony of it. There no men with men in medical schools, one to help, no one to prevent all this and the experiment has been un5UC- horror of unceasing, pitiless pain. cessfu!' The government, acknowledging the failure, now turns to the N ow that war has flashed and few women doctors under mission- dinned into our imagination the awary auspices and urges them to pro·· fulness of human suffering and ha~ ceed with their plans, as with them made us think and see and feel, posthe girls can be more or less shel- sibly we shall realize wl:mt is haptered and under high Christian and pening in these trenches on the batmoral influences during their period tlefields of motherhood throughout of medical education. India, and indeed throughout the whole East. We have seen the Red One school under such auspices is Cross summon millions of hands to established at Ludhiana in North help, secure millions of dollars, and India, a week's journey from this thousands of trained men and wocity of Vellore in the south. It is a men with all the most modern applifar country to these timid people, and ances, anesthetics and miraculous they are slow to entrust their girls surgery for our wounded and dying to another climate and language and men. All this was not too much to race so far from home. And yet, a do in the name of humanity and few brave Christian girls have gone duty. Will this experience help us to see and to feel this age-long agony of womanhood and childhood?

What is Needed? Everything! China," "Mook," and "Christian Americanization." Home Mission Doctors for the faculty. lectures were given daily by Mrs. Semple, followed by Foreign Mis- Nurses to train the great group of In- sion lectures on "A Crusade of Compassion" with Mrs. Farmer on dian girls who are ready to take such the platform.

training. . Miss Gertrude Schultz and Mrs. H. L. Remmel led the normal Equipment, from a skeleton to an X-ray classes, home and foreign; and the Methods Hour was directed most and a motor ambulance; $2,500 would sup' entertainingly and instructively by Mrs. Wallace Radcliffe, Mrs. C. P. ply the ambulance, and $2,000 would pro- Wiles, Miss Anna Milligan and others. vide the X-ray. Of this $1,000 has been Evening addresses were given pledged by a famous doctor in America. by Tyler Dennett on "A League of Nations," C. A. Brooks on "Ameri- The land is not on the railroad but in the canization," Mrs. Peabody on "Rain- bow Recruiting," H. F. Laflamme town some three miles from the railroad on the "Interchurch World Move- ment," and on the Fourth an excitstation. As people flock in, pleading for ing ball game, umpired by Dr. J. F. help, it will be necessary to have a dis- Wilcox, and an outdoor picnic were pensary in the center of the town to followed by a Fellowship Sing and Vesper serVice. receive the incoming throngs. There is no Spiritual resources were developed way of transportation to the hospital ex- by a daily morning period with Miss Wishard of India (8:45 to cept by rough, shaking, dangerous ox carts. 9 a. m.), and in fifteen prayer groups meeting with as many lead- Who will give an ambulance ers at various times-before break- fact, after lunch, or before bed. We have not founld it hard to supply many ambulances for Italy and Fmnce. Is Other features, student volunteer it not possible that some of our colleges presentations, pageants and plays, will be ready to meet this need? fascinating Junior and Sunday- school schemes, a missionary rally, The dispensary is the first need. It will the presence of Dr. Anna Kugler, cost $20,000. Which college will give it? of the famous Lutheran Hospital at Guntur, and a prohibition jolli- Scholarships are needed for girls who fication added variety and zest. long to study and who have absolutely no means to pay their traveling expenses, ,On the last Sunday, morning board and tuition and to buy the neces- prayers summoned all the Confersary books. ence members at nine o'clock, and the practical as well as poetic value Four hundred dollars would provide of the "Missionary Hymnal" was medical training for four years for one of clearly shown in a delightful song these Indian girls. Many a college student service directed by Mrs. Elsie Hand out of her sp,ending money could under- Klinger. Preaching service at 11 take the education and sup>ort of such a. m., a story hour for children led a substitute without great self denial. by M,rs. George Hooper Ferris, and a musical vesper service concluded • AT CHAMBERSBURG,PENNSYLVANIA a beautiful day and a week full of The Wilson· College Summer good things. School of Missions gathered the largest house party of its three years existence June 28th to July 7th, and the enthusiasm of the Conference was, as gratifying as the members.

According to a new program plan six consecutive days of mission study began and ended with an inspirational Sunday. An impressive communion service at nine o'clock, conducted by Dr. Henry Anstadt, a Lutheran pastor; preaching at eleven and a sunset gathering under the Oak with Mrs. Montgomery, fitted all for the work of the coming days.

Four books were studied beside the Bible, "A Crusade of Compassion," "New Life Currents in

FROM MANY

EUROPE Chinese weekly newspaper, with a paid circulation of almost two thou- French-Speaking Prorestants sand, edited by Mr. Y. G. James Yen, a Y. M. C. A. worker among THE Protestants of Switzerland the Chinese laborers at Boulogne. are anxious to see the newly opened fields in Poland, Czecho- This paper, "The Red Triangle for Slovakia and other recently consti- Chinese Laborers" as it is called, tuted nations entered by aggressive makes it possible for the 150,000 evangelism; and "ince the French Chinese laborers to get the news of langua~e ;md people are just now the world. In direct contradiction of enjo) i!'g great prestige, they feel custom and tradition, this Y. M. •,-;..: Lney can do more than the peo- C. A. man is printing his paper in ple of any other speech toward initi- Mandarin, the conversational lanating effective Protestant sentiment. guage of the greater part of China. The great difficulty is that they are All written Chinese has hitherto so few in number-only a little over been in Wenli, the old classical, lita million out of a total population of erary language. 44,()()O,OOO in France and Switzerland. It is also interesting to note that sixty-nine Chinese Y. M: C. A. French Protestant Missions secr:etaries have been so impressed by the use of "huts" in army camps THE Paris Evangelical Mission- that at a conference held in Versailles ary Society has just completed they decided to take up similar work ninety years of active work for in China, so as to bring the "Y" adworld evangelization. In its seven vantages directly to the people. fields, the Society numbers 63 stations with 432 out stations and 119 Tbe Waldensians in War TIme missionaries, not including the wives of the men who have gone out. TWENTY years ago a well-known There are 1,054 native Christians Italian statesman publicly conwho have become pastors and teach- gratulated the Waldensian Church beers; 29,876 pupils in the school, 36,- cause its members were the only peo- 889 communicants in their churches, ple in Italy who could be both pious this extensive work being supported and patriotic. A British chaplain who on an annual expenditure of $190,- attended a meeting of the Walden- 000. This illustrates again the sian Synod emphasizes the truth of· French frugality, their ability to the statesman's remark. The synod make a franc do the work of a dol- which the chaplain describes was held lar. in Torre Pellice, a strong Walden- sian center, and many vital questions The French Protestants have fol- were discussed-the movement for lowed with their missions the con- union with other Protestant churches quests of their government. Many of Italy. the distribution of Bibles. times they have been barred from the new Italian version of the Scripentering some field, and even now tures, and others. One noteworthy the French Sudan, with its 30,000,- incident was a large patriotic demon- O()() Mohammedans, is closed to stration, at which the leading orator them. was a Roman Catholic, Signor Ruf- fini, a university professor, senator Chinese Paper In France and one time Minister of Education. He declared with burning eloquence ONE of the novelties which war has brought to France is a 621

that Italy and her Allies were en- eign Bible Society has plans under gaged in a religious war for sacred way to supply them. ideals, and paid tribute to Puritanism as the fountain head of modern free- Strategic Land of John Huss dom. AT the outbreak of the Thirty Reform Demanded by Bohemian Catholics Years' War, Bohemia had a population of 3,000,000. At its close A PETITION calling for reforms (1648), she had less than one mil- in the Catholic Church of Bo- lion, and her independence was gone. hemia bears the signature of 1,744 The great Bohemian historian, Palout of the 3,200 Bohemian priests acky, said long ago: "We existed of that country. The reforms de- before Austria and we shall exist manded are far-reaching and pro- after her." In a wonderful way gressive. Among these are the elec- this prophecy has been fulfilled. One tion of bishops by the priests and of the most promising fields in all laymen; the use of the mother the world for missionary effort· is tongue in religious ceremonies and this same land of Czecho-Slovakia. services; the discontinuance of cler- John Huss did not die in vain. ical garb; a change in the educational system for the clergy, and similar Baptist World. reforms. The almost unanimous adoption of the document by the Jews Join Christian Churches Church Congress meeting in Prague, makes this movement unusually sig- ALTHOUGH the Soviet governnificant. ment is directing heavy blows against the Christian religion, a It is reported that a deputation of cablegram to the New York Globe Czecho-slovak Catholic clergy has re- reports that thousands of converts cently gone to Rome carrying the re- have recently joined Christian quest for these reforms to Pope churches. Four thousand Jews are Benedict, and asking that an inde- among this number. Many Christian pendent Czecho-slovak patriarchate clergymen and prominent Jews fear be established and that the priests be that once the Soviet regime is overpermitted to marry. More than thirty thrown, the Jewish people will suffer thousand Czecho-slovak women have violence, because the blame of the signed a memorandum in favor of present "Red" rule falls on the Jews. the marriage of priests. Protestant Christians are working among the masses to persuade them Bibles for Czecho-Slovaks that the Jewish community should not suffer reprisal because most of PERHAPS it is not widely known the Soviets are Jews. that the name by which the the Czecho-Slovaks are known in Aus- Getting Scriptures into Serbia tria and Italy is "Biblers." It was given on account of their appre- SERBIA has been one of the most ciation for the Bible. Their first difficult countries in Europe in translation was published in 1475, which to carryon evangelistic work. but the Bible had to be mentioned When the war beg-an, a committee under the breath in the Austrian Em- of the Scripture Gift mission saw pire. Colportage was restricted, their opportunity to put copies of Bibles were burned, press laws were the Bible in the hands of the solstringent. But the Czecho-Slovaks diers. The Serbs have shown great are good managers and they found receptivity; copies given were never ways of getting the Scriptures. Now thrown away, and there seemed a that the war is ended they will be widespread desire to know more of able to.' satisfy their. longing for a the plain gospel truths. The Scripfree Bible and the British and For- tures Gift Mission is making plans for extensive future work in Serbia.

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Finland Adopts Prohibition themselves, being employed to do the work. FINLAND,· fifty years ago, was The Congregationalist and Advance. reckoned among the most alcohol-drenched countries of the world. Helping the Women of the Near East Tens of thousands of home distilleries were in existence on the farms ONE of the most serious problems throughout the country. Today it is awaiting solution in planning for on the eve of better conditions. The the reconstruction of the Near East, first step was the abolition of home is how to deal wisely with the wo- .distillations in 1866, but total pro- men, who, without doubt, will be hibition has been definitely aimed at largely in the majority when the war since 1883. After the adoption of is over. Turkish, Arab, Syrian. Aruniversal suffrage in 1906, a Total menian, Greek and other women of Prohibition Bill was carried in the subject races must be fitted not only Lower House of Parliament, but was for self-support, but for service to objected to by the Senate.. By the their race. Many of them have Russian Revolution, Finland gained never viewed the world except with her political freedom in 1917, and a a veil over their faces. Competition Prohibition law was sanctioned in and contact with a working world May of the same year, the enactment are unknown experiences to them. to come into force on June first of The Syrian women have launched the present year. In the new Par- out for themselves more than liament of Finland at the present others of the Near East and may be time, the Social Democrats, with the expected to do anything an Amerismall farmers, form a decided major- can woman can do. Illiteracy will ity, and both stand for Prohibition. be the hardest thing to overcome and mental development must be a MOSLEM LANDS part of the plan for helping the wo- men of the East. ~[ental and Spiritual Reconstruction in TJleir quick assets are few. Most Turkey of the women are adepts with the needle and crochet hook, and if their AN interesting phase of recon- work is standardized it will be an struction work has been under- important factor. Silk culture should taken by Anatolia College in Marso- be revived and scientifically convan, Turkey. In addition to the ducted. physical relief of two or three thousand orphans, school children and Conversion of a Hafiz college students, the feeling is that something must be done along mental "HAFIZ" is the title bestowed upon and moral lines to displace the bitter any who commit the Koran to memories left by four years of persecution. This calls for the creation memory. Hafiz Ibad Ullah is a of a new and vital Christian litera- weaver and the owner of a small silk ture in the language of the people, factory in India, and the following exboth in the form of courses of Bible tracts are taken from an account of study along the most modem lines, his conversion, written for an Indian and of wisely selected and carefully paper. edited books for general reading, which will find their way into the "Thanks be to our all-merciful and homes of the people. Translations glorious Lord, who, for the spread of in three languages-Turkish, Arme- His Kingdom, uses in His providence nian and Greek-will be necessary, many and various methods. On Noand this translation work will be in vember 3rd a 'Hafiz' named Ibad itself a form of industrial relief; Ullah. by means of baptism, was former students of the college, now joined to the Church of Christ. destitute of any means of supporting There were two reasons in particular which weighed with him in making

"is decision. First the Hafiz was people, and adopt such teaching convinced that Christianity is the methods as will enable the pupil to only universal religion. He saw that make his work an expression of there were many places In the world ChnstIanity. Plans for further de- where it is impossible to fulfill the velopment and the expenditure of ritual obligations of Islam. Islam $150,000 for this institution have is thus a local religion, in contrast been approved by the Board of Man- with the universal and spiritual reli- agers. gion of Jesus Christ. Forman College Adds Indnstrial Courses "Secondly he saw that even in the Holy Koran the Gospel is declared to A NEW field has been added to be a light and guide to men." the Chemistry Department of Forman Christian College, by the in- Foreign Field. troduction of industrial chemistry. The manufacture of sugar and soap, INDIA; BUR.."fA; CEYLON hide tanning, and dyeing are taught in the most scientific and economical Wasw ot Caste System way, and the students in this depart- ment will go out much better fitted to FROM the economic standpoint, it earn a living than 95 per cent of the would be worth while for high university graduates. caste Hindus to construct separate wells for low caste laborers, if they It is anticipated that this departinsist upon maintaining the caste ment will open many new avenues system. Women belonging to lower of life work for the young men of castes must wait outside the well en- the college. The guvernment of Inclosure and depend upon the mag- dia has placed its dyeing school unnanimity of caste women for a jar of der the supervision of the college. water. They dare not approach the The head of the chemistry departwell, lest the water should be con- ment, Prof. Carter Speers, a son of taminated for higher castes. James M. Speers of New York, has already sailed for the United States, The Indian Standard says that in where !.Ie hopes to raise funds to Madura two castes have fought for carryon this important work. An years over an ordinary village well. engineering course is another hope costing about 250 rupees. More than of the school. 100,000 rupees have been spent in litigation, money which might have Women's Work in Ceylon been used to improve roads and to promote sanitation and education. As a part of the follow-up work of the special evangelistic cam- Jorhat Christian Schools paign in Ceylon, the missionaries at Jaffna prepared 2,000 pledge cards ASSAM is India'!, most backwarll especially for the women, with place province. Less than five per for signature and date. The card cent of the people can read or write, reads as follows: and education, as well as evangelism must be provided, if Christianity is MY SERVICE to be made permanent. Trusting in divine help, I promise for The Jorhat Christian Schools un- one year to undertake the kinds of service der the American Baptist Foreign which I mark in the list below: Mission Society, are sending their influence into remote corners of As- 1. I will attend Sun day-school regularly. sam. Practical Christianity is the 2. I will teach in Sunday-school. dominant note in these schools. The 3. I will try to bring new pupils to the curriculum makes use of all natural resources of the earth and presents Sunday-school. them as an interpretation of Chris- 4. I will go to prayer meeting regularly. tianity,-God's gift to man. An ef- 5. I will give regularly to the collection fort is made to determine what occupations best meet the needs of the at Sunday service. 6. 1 will subscribe and give monthly to the church. 7. I will have family prayers.

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8. I will teach children to p~ay. spokesman and come ready for an 9. I will teach children to smg. argument. For example, the head- 10. I will teach children Bible verses. man of the market asks Kru Sook, II. I will give daily to the mite box of native evangelist who is preaching, "What religion do you believe in?" the Women's Missionary Society, "Christianity," replies the Kru. with prayer for the work. "Oh," continues the man, "are you a 12. I will attend the sewing meeting regu- Siamese? Why are you believing in larly. the foreigner's religion?" The Kru 13. I will bring to meetings some one calmly asks, "Where was Buddha who would not otherwise come. born?" "In India," comes the an- 14. I will pray and work for the conver- swer. "Then you are following the sion of some individual. Indian's religion, are you?" The IS. I will send my servants to meeting man feels a little disturbed, and fin- regularly, and pray for their con- ally walks off. Many other questions version. asked touch on theology and show 16. I will be one of a band to do gospel that Siam is awake and thinking. work in the villages. 17. Every Sunday afternoon, either alone CHINA or with others, I will do gospel work. 18. I will try to be a peacemaker. Revival on Scene of Boxer Riots 19. I will try to do for Jesus the kinds of service spoken of in Matthew 25, vs. CH'IENANHSIEN, China, where 35 to 40. eighty-five Christians were mar- tyred and buried together in one A four days' conference at a cen- grave during the Boxer uprising, has tral location· was devoted to empha- been the scene of an intense spiritual sizing the importance of each item. revival. Mark W. Brown writes The first day was given over to from Changli that the meetings of duties of the home, the second to Ch'ienanhsien attracted hundreds church and neighborhood, the third of villagers from a distance. At to the world and the fourth to con- the meetings, 110 became intercessecration. Greatly increased attend- sors, forty-three signed the tithing ance at Sunday-school and prayer pledge and 21 doubled their present meeting, and new activity in home subscriptions. Simlar meetings are and village evangelization has been now being held in various centers. the result. Union Work io Paotiogfu SIAM AND Mi.LAYSIA WHILE steps are being taken to Christian Education for Mohammedans bring about organic unity of Presbyterian and Congregational THE government of Johore, one mission work in China, the mission- of the Malaysian states, last aries themselves are more and more year asked the English Presbyterian adopting practical union plans in mission to take charge of the educa- their work. In Paotingfu, the Contion of all non-Malay populations gregationalists have no hospital, but within its borders; that is, a Moham- there is an up-to-date one in the medan government requested a Presbyterian Mission, to which the Christian Mission to guide the teach- Congregationalists contribute every ing of its subjects. This offer has year. In like manner, pupils from been accepted and the first school the Presbyterian Primary Boys' will be opened at Nivar. The pupils School attend the Congregational will be principally children of Chi- Middle School. The foreigners of nese immigrants. all the missions, which include the Young Men's Christian Association Record of Christian Work. and the Salvation Army, as well as the two missions already mentioned, Tactful Preaching I N Siam, where missionaries jour- ney from place to pla<:e and hold services wherever opportunity occurs, many of the officials and leaders agree among themselves upon questions to ask the evangelist, choose a

have a church service every Sunday mellber shall have bound feet. afternoon together, and once in four S. All our members shall be total weeks this service is in Chinese, so that the workers in the missions may abstainers from alcohol. also attend and take part. 6. Family worship shall be estab- .'. committee of delegates from the lished in the home of every member. different missions has been appointed 7. All our members shall cease to investigate conditions among rickshaw men, and make plans for' help- work on Sunday. ing this neglected class. Union work in the prisons and jails of Paotingfu College Students Support School for Poor is also conducted each week. As a result of a very successful The Missionary Herald. concert, the students of Yale in China ha"Ve a sufficient fund to begin Chinese Recognition of Christian Colleges the erection of a building for the poor boys' school, which the college THE Hongkong Telegraph recently Y. M. C. A. has started. Within contained an editorial on "Mis- four days after this school was orsionary Agricultural Instruction," ganized, 180 children had entered. commenting on the work of Chris- A definite curriculum has been tian Colleges. One of the important mapped out by the students who are things which Nanking University determined to make the school a part and the missionaries are doing is in of the social service work of the behalf of forestry-sadly needing at- Y. M. C. A. tention in central China. The provincial governors of three provinces The younger students are required send a certain number of students to to study Chinese reading, arithmetic be trained, and the national govern- and moral principles, while the upper ment has closed up its school of for- classes study Chinese history, Chinese estry and sent all its students to geography and general science in ad- Nanking. The college is also having dition. All books and paper are furthe cooperation of the Chinese gov- nished by the school and the boys, ernment in its work to prevent cattle who are very poor, spend the afterdiseases. noons in doing some industrial work, such as printing, making chalk and A new course of study at Nanking, some metal and wooden toys, and in silk worm culture, promises to be of selling tb.ings. The teachers are rethe greatest advantage to China. cruited from the students of the col- Professor Woodworth, of the De- lege, who are thus gaining a very partment of Entomology in the Uni- practical experience in Christian versity of California, has given a work. series of lectures which were attended by seventy delegates of silk The Continent. guilds. Organizing a Village Church Chinese Objectives A "HEAVEN Doctrine" sign over CHINESE Methodists in West the door and the ten command- China have set the following as ments on the wall transforms any their objective for the next ten idol temple into a church in China. yeats: An unlettered man from O-Ka-Da heard of God and went to a church 1. Ten thousand members, one in a neighboring village that he half of whom shall be women. might hear more about the Father of men. At last he resolved to open 2. Ten thousand pupils in our a church for his neighbors' benefit, schools. and callin·g a village writer, in- structed him to prepare a tablet con- 3. No child over seven in a mem- taining the Ten Commandments, for ber's home shall be unable to read. they must be hung on the wall, he 4. No unmarried daughter of a

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said. He could not recall their form, dinances for higher education, in acso he abbreviated as follows: cordance with which 44,000 yen are to be expended during the next six 1. One God. years for establishing new schools, 2. Don't use mud and wood to make gods. as well as strengthening those exist- 3. Don't use God's name lightly. ing. Altogether there will be thirty- 4. Six days work, one day rest. three new schools of higher grade, 5. Honor your parents. and six of the present high schools 6. Don't kill. will be converted into universities. 7. Don't commit adultery. 8. Don't steal. House Cleaning and Heart Cleaning 9. Don't bear false witness. 10. Don't covet. I N Japanese villages there is a yearly house-cleaning carried out Three months later a petition was under police supervision. Housedespatched to the mission in Hing- hold goods and household gods are hua: set out in mid-streets while the gen- eral purification is going on. A col- "The people of O-Ka-Da village beg porteur visiting the village of Tajima you and the great Methodist Church to found it in this state of household send us a preacher to lead us in the Way revolution and succeeded in selling of Life." five Testaments and fifty Gospels to the people by proving to them that The following Sunday, a native it was of more importance to clean preacher came to inspect the new the heart than the house, and that church, and now regular services are the Gospel was the sale specific for established. bad hearts.

Dr. Wong of Shanghai Record of Christian Work.

DR. THEODORE T. WONG,' one News from J{obe of the victims of the awful tragedy in Washington which re- PRESBYTERIAN missionary acsulted in his death and that of two tivity in Kobe centers around the of his associates in the Chinese Edu- Theological School, which now has cational Mission, was a Christian of eighteen students, the smallest numoutstanding influence in his home ber in the School's existence. Plans city of Shanghai. He was the son are under way for enlarging the of the first pastor of the Epis- scope of the institution. Kobe has copal. Church in Shanghai and was five independent churches, with one of the early Chinese students to buildings of their own; two partly come to America. self-supporting congregations; two chapels and one social settlement in After his return to China, and the Shinkawa slum section. Rev. T. when it was not a popular thing for Kagawa, one of the evangelists. is young men of learning to acknowl- the acknowledged leader in all moveedge themselves Christians, Dr. ments for social uplift and reform in Wong was an active leader in his Kobe. His book on "The 'Psycholchurch. His home life has been ogy of Poverty" has gone through cited by many of his compatriots as three editions. a most convincing argument for Christianity. Mrs. Wong is an ac- Newspaper Evangelism complished woman, an earnest Christian worker and chairman of the CHRISTIANS in Japan are com- National Committee of the Y. W. ing to a realization 6f the wide C. A. The Christian Church in opportunity afforded for their teach- China is made poorer by the death ing by the daily newspaper, for in a of this man of distinguished integ- country where illiterates are few, as rity. in Japan, the press has almost un- limited power. Eighty per cent of JAPAN-{)JIOSEN Advance in Education THE Japanese Government last December issued some new or-

the people still live in villages, and from eight or nine to seventeen or of these, ninety-seven per cent are eighteen. In addition to their school quite untouched by Christian influ- work, under the direction of Mr. A. ence. In some of these out of the D. Riley, they are beginning to learn way places, newspaper evangelism the rudiments of agriculture. Each has been tried with success, Rev. AI- boy has his own garden. Eight thoubertus Pieters being the pioneer in sand '_emp plants, several hundred this method. Information about cocm.l.ut trees, a corn field and other Christianity has been spread and pre- enterprises will, it is hoped, some judice removed, and the Christian day make the school almost self-sup- religion has become quite a natural porting. There is the greatest contopic of conversation on railroads trast between the appearance and and in waiting rooms in the country. bearing of the boys at the school and In Tokyo, during the recent evan- the Mohammedan boys and men seen gelistic campaign, the Christians used on the road between Indanan and four of the "dailies" to give the Jolo. Twenty years of American Christian. message to the public. endeavor and less than twenty years of Christian effort on behalf of the I apan Evangelist. Filipinos have produced results to be proud of. Korean Persecution Verified Spirit of Missions. MISGOVERNMENT, cruelty and oppression of Koreans by Japa- Self-Determination In Samoa nese military authorities have been continuing for months. After three LAST year certain chiefs of Samoa months in Chosen, the Peking cor- were asked if they desired to respondent of the Chicago News, express any wish in regard to their cabled a long and detailed account political future. After careful deof conditions there, which corrobo- liberation they were unanimous in rates earlier accounts sent by mission- wishing that Samoa remain under aries. Reliable evidence is given of British rule. They gave four reahundreds of cases of torture in sons, but the first deserves to be Taiku. In Seoul, Koreans were not quoted: "Firstly, because a British allowed on the streets after dark, nor Society, the London Missionary Soto gather in groups larger than three. ciety, first brought the Gospel to In the Pyengyang district whole vil- Samoa and showed the Samoans the lages were destroyed and Christian benefits of living under the teachings churches burned. There is no free- of the Gospel." dom of the press; most of the schools are closed. In most places L. M. S. Chronicle. missionaries are not allowed to hold services. "Undoubtedly," says the New Field in Philippines correspondent, "an attempt is being made to undermine Christianity." THE Home Missions Committee of Manila Presbytery has made a ISLANDS OF THE SEA beginning toward evangelizing the large island of Mindoro, (just south Farm School for Filipinos of .Luzon) to which no Protestant preacher has heretofore been sent. NINE miles out of Jolo, the eccle- The people have always been decid- siastical center of Philippine Mo- edly cold toward evangelical teachhammedanism, is the agricultural ing, but the chairman of the comschool established by Bishop Brent, mittee, Rev. Amaranto, has long of the Protestant Episcopal Church. hoped to see a church established One does not need to be there many there. A recent tour of investigation hours to discover that the school is revealed the fact that not all the doing an excellent work in training people were hostile or indifferent to the thirty-five boys, ranging in age evangelical Christianity, and some

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were even eager for Bible teaching. Training for Religious Workers Mr. Amaranto urged all the churches in the Presbytery to increase their To meet the demand for an engifts sufficiently to make possible the larged program of social and resending of a native pastor to this is- ligious service, Northwestern Uniland. In consequence, Rev. Juan versity has arranged a course for its Abakan has broken the first ground graduate school leading to a degree in this new field. Whether the Man- in religious work. To accomplish the ila churches can continue to support largest results, the University has the venture is yet to be seen. added to its staff five additional in- structors of high standing in their NORTH AMERICA particular field-Bible, Comparative Religion, Missions, Religious Educa- International Congress on Alcoholism tion and Social Service. Students interested in urban or rural life in Postponed America, or in missionary work in any part of the world will find THE difficulties incident to secur- courses that will prepare them for ing transportation and passports such work. Further information necessitates the postponemnt of the may be secured by addressing the Fifteenth International Congress on Dean of the Graduate School, North- Alcoholism, announced for Septem- western University, Evanston, Illiber of this year, to a date in 1920 not yet fixed. Announcement of nOIS. date and place of meeting will appear later in the REVIEW. The Indian Girl' a Y. W. C. A. Secretary United States Congress has made a liberal appropriation for the meeting, LUCy HUNTER, Y. W. C. A. and it will be an advantage to wait secretary for Oklahoma and until European delegates can come to New 1iexico, is a full~blooded Win- America in such numbers as the high nebago Indian. She was educated at character of the Congress warrants. Santete Sioux Mission, Hampton In- stitute and the National Training World's League Against Alcohol School of the Y. W. C. A. She has as her ideal the desire to help the A LEAGUE to combat alcohol girls of her race in developing Chris- throughout the world was or- tian character. ganized in Washington, D. C., early in June, when 2,500 representatives Miss Hunter works among Indian of temperance organizations met to girls in Oklahoma and New Mexico form the World's League against Al- because of the larger number of Incoholism. The gathering included dians in that section compared to men from fifty foreign countries in- other parts of the union. She feels terested in achieving in their lands that her efforts should be directed towhat America has done recently. ward the many instead of the few. Four presidents were elected: Dr. Howard H. Russell, founder of the Christian Citizenship Conference Anti-Saloon League of America; Lief Jones, London, England; Dr. THE Third World's Christian Robert Hercod, secretary of the In- Citizenship Conference will be ternational Temperance Society, held in Pittsburgh, November 9 to Switzerland; and Emil Van der 16, 1919, under the direction of the Velde of Brussels. E. H. Cherring- National Reform Association. The ton of Westerville, Ohio, was elected purpose of the Conference is to general secretary and instructed to present data as to how far existing open headquarters for the League in governments have been influenced by Washington, where meetings will be Christianity; to consider the present held once in three years. political, social and industrial situa- tion throughout the world; and to The Continent. devise means of effective cooperation

between Christian patriots III all schools are represented, but especial lands. stress is laid upon rural exhibits. Devices and methods used in teach-' The Conference is the third of its ing temperance and missions are kind and hence is not an experiment. given a prominent place. The first was held in 1910, and seven countries were represented on the Last year over 5,000 people were program, while at the second, in interested visitors to this building, 1913, seventeen countries took part and as the exhibits grow in number and 15,000 people were in attendance. and value more and more outsiders, The Superintendent of the Associa- to whom Sunday-school is considered tion is now in Europe and Asia. a place for children only, will be seeking representative speakers, and attracted to it. many of international reputation have promised to be present. Mission of the "Moonlight School"

Russian Civic Club THE now famous "Moonlight Schools" of Kentucky were orig- I NCENDIARY political topics are inated by Mrs. Co'ra W. Stewart, taboo at the meetings of the Rus- and have worked a marvellous trans- sian Club recently organized under formation among neglected illiterates. the auspices of St. Paul's Methodist If the untaught do not come to the Episcopal Church, Jersey City, but "moonlight school," the school goes all other subjects are discussed with to their homes. But they do come, fervor. There may be Bolsheviks, and come in overwhelming numbers, Menshiviks and many other varieties with a determination in their eye of faith represented, but the group that will admit of no failure-gray- has no political alignment. These haired men who shout in exultation sixty young Russians are primarily over the feat of writing their names interested in becoming good Ameri- and proud of every word correctly , cans. spelled.

Open forums, addresses by gov- The school was established through ernment representatives or local an appeal of three illiterates-a speakers, lectures on anatomy, his- mother whose daughter "had gone tory and government are features of out Vest"; a middle-aged man who the gatherings. Classes in English "would give twenty years of his life for Russians and Italians are helping if he could read and write"; and a to transform these men and women, boy who would "forget his ballads fresh from the soil of Europe, into before anybody come along to set good citizens. 'em down." Where a few were ex- pected at the opening of the s.chools, Sunday Schools and the State Fair 1200 appeared, all eager for better things. To read the Bible and the TT ANSAS is pioneer country. It newspaper, and to write their own 1."-. has many claims to originality, letters seemed the chief aspiration. but its most recent distinction is in having the first permanent Sunday- Other states have caught the vis- school exhibit at a State Fair. An 'ion, and "no illiteracy after 1920" is artistic structure. of cement, stucco the slogan heard throughout the and tile has been erected on a choice South. location in the Fair Grounds, at a cost of $1800, to be used exclu- LATIN AMERICA sively for exhibits from the schools of the entire state. Voluntary con- The Man for the Place tributions from schools and individu- als have made this building possible, FEW callings require more versatil- and give promise of state-wide co·· ity than that of a missionary to Dperation. All departments of city Latin America. Today he may be invited to sit gracefully as the guest of a minister plenipotentiary, tomor-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 63f

row to sit on the dirtiest of ground sian ~chool enjoys high prestige, and in the hut of a mountain Indian eat- practIcally all the pupils come from ing leathery· tortillas and doubtful, homes that are interested in Protesalas! not doubtful sausages. To- tant teaching. night he may enjoy a curled hair mattress, yes a~d springs under it, MR. Syrian Leader in Brazil tomorrow he WIll have to pass the J. M. CLINTON, of the night on a Guatemala ostermoor (a Y. M. C. A., says that in his straw mat on the lap of earth, among the fleas). He must be ready for recent trip through South America any work from an authority of last appeal on the peripheral mysteries he found in practically every city of speculative theology to privatdo- one or more leaders who had been cent to a refractory mule. He must led to Christian living through the be a general, capable of appreciating the values of different localities as Y. ¥. C. A, In' Sao Paulo, a young strategic centers; must know in each place the relative values of Bible Synan, Jose Ibrahim, testified that pastoral, medical and press work; must be able to meet all the eccentric he experienced 'his first interest in isms the devil ever hatched' must keep his wireless apparatus in fine Christian truth in the Y. M. C, A, order for communication with Heaven and must have a sense of and. Mr. Clinton found that many companionship with Christ that will supply the place when necessary of Sy:nans had been brought into the all human council. Such is the man the situation requires. Kmgdom ~y. this splendid young -Guatemala News. leader. HIS life story reads like a "Flu" Creates Missionary Opportunity romance: THE, Spanish influenza has taught "I was born in Beirut and because the people of Guatemala some my mother did not wish me to enter valuable lessons in practical Christianity: namely, that filthy habits are the American college in our city, I c~ose~y linked up with disease; 'that vIce IS the yoke-fellow of death; that ran away from home and came to human sympathy has a practical v,alue; that honest public administra- Brazil to make my fortune. I was tion pays and that the Gospel of Christ is nothing if not practical. very yot;ng and quickly fell into the ~,ever was.9cuatemala in more prom- ISlllg condItion for evangelization, worst SillS of the new country, I New Station in Old Town always earned good wages but CUYABA, Brazil, although a new gambled and drank them all away. mission station, is one of Brazil', I lost faith in God and became bored oldest towns. It is soon to celebrate its 200th anniversary, The most yvith all about me. Walking one day progressive resident of the town, owner of the telephone plant and III ntoh~eicsetdreeat, diseased, tired opfeolipfle~ other public utilities, is a member of large group of the new mission church, This man I. !s now at work on an electric Iightmg system for the town. The mis- hstenlllg to an address. The speaker was Eduardo Carlos Pereira. Al- most fourteen years ago I had studied Portuguese in the Young Men's Christian Association from a gram.mar written by Eduardo Carlos PereIra, and had a desire to see and hear so learned a man. He was speaking o~ life and hope, and after he had fimshed the people sang. I asked if such lectures were often held, an? if I could come again.

Soon I Joined the church, and now ~ have but one ambition, The past IS gone; I want to redeem it so far as possible by devoting my life to Christian service."

AFRIOA AIdols in Rubbish Heap CHIEF of Central Africa wel- comed a missionary who recently

penetrated areas where no white man of his experience among the dark had ever gone before, and conducted heathen. He had journeyed into a him to a large tree beneath which a land where no messenger of the number of logs were laid in parallel Gospel had ever been, in the hope rows. This was where they wor- of seeing some chief of high authorshipped the white man's God, he ex- ity to whom he might tell the Chrisplained. Fifteen months before, he tian message. He found the chief had heard a native preacher in a dis- and all his men in such a state of tant village tell about a great and liv- helpless intoxication that they were ing Saviour. On his return home he quite incapable of listening to any called his people together and told message. As he was leaving in disthe glad news. "Since that time," he appointment he caught sight of a added, "we have gathered here twice little lad in a shadow of the hut and a day and worship the true God. from his tribal markings, recog- And there," he continued, pointing nized him as belonging to a race to a heap of rubbish, "lie the gods whose language he understood. we used to worship!" Soon he ,learned that the boy was a slave. To obtain his release was The Christian. impossible, but Mr. Lloyd began to talk to him of the love of God and Church Goers Number 12,500 asked him if he knew Jesus. Brush- ing away his tears the little fellow WRITING from Patani, Nigeria, answered : "Yes, and I love Him Rev. John D. Aitken of the too." Fumbling in his ragged gar- C. M. S. Mission, says: "We num- ment, he brought out a tiny Gospel, ber our people by asking each one to so thumb-stained that many of the bring a palm kernel to church and words were obliterated. It was his deposit it in a bag at the door. The most treasured possession. Day by last census taken in this manner gave day the little slave boy had read to 12,500 regular church attendants. his associates and prayed with them -a true missionary of the Cross in New Cathedral in Uganda darkest heathendom.

UGANDA has three cathedrals. Ceremony of the 0..0, Africa A fourth is now nearing completion, capable of holding 3,000 wor- THE Oro festival is a heathen shippers. The Baganda people have themselves taken a large share in ceremony of Nigeria, associated its erection and local material has with the worship .of departed spirits. been used. The building is 210 feet It is held annually and lasts eight long, with a central square of 90 days. Flat pieces of iron attached feet, under a 90 foot dome. This by a string to a pole six or eight feet is among a people who, only one gen- long are whirled through the air eration ago, were strangers to Chris- and are supposed to carry the mystianity. terious messages from disembodied spirits. Only men may participate, A Slave Boy In Uganda and as the proceedings take place in the streets, women are not allowed I N Uganda, some village churches to be out during the hours of the are built by the heathen even be- night given over to Oro worship. fore one man in the village can read This restriction has affected the ator understand the rudiments of tendance of women at church. They Christianity. A lad may be found are filled with fear lest some great who has some faint knowledge of catastrophe engulf them if they the Bible, and has learned to pray, should violate this dictum of Oro. so that he can stand in the midst of the heathen and point the way to Last year, however, the British Christ. Rev. A. B. Lloyd, mission- official of the district gave directions ary at Kabarole, relates an incident

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to the native rulers that Christian whole conception involves not merely women were not to be interfered efforts to relieve suffering, but to with, since they were in no way con- prevent it; and the attempt to arouse cerned with the Oro. This will all peoples to a sense of their remark a new era of liberty for girls sponsibility for the welfare of their and women in Nigeria. fellow-beings. The consummation of such a plan would develop a new Midnight Meetings in South Africa fraternity among peoples, and con- tribute to the success of the League EMGWALI is perhaps the most of Nations. difficult mission station in South Africa. The general attitude of the A By Product of Christian Missions people may be summed up thus: "The missionary is young; he knows TRAINING in "stewardship" is next to nothing about our customs. one of the objectives of Chris- Therefore he cannot teach us any- tian missions, and here are some of thing we do not already know." the results achieved. In 1915 Sa- The residents belong to the proudest moan Christians promised to assume of the Xosa tribes. But the outsta- all, mission expenses in the islands tions are more receptive. On moon- in five years. This has been accomlight nights the people may be found plished in three years. $25,000 has sitting around the fire in the head been sent to the London Missionary man's hut, and here the missionary Society, for the expense of the Safinds a favorable opening. Nine moan mission, another sum was cono'clock is the usual time for these tributed for the support of their nahut services to begin and at eleven or tive pastors and $1,450 was raised half past, tea or coffee is handed for missions in other lands. around and at midnight the meeting is resumed for another two hours or The Sunday-schools in Egypt made so. Here is the picture which Rev. a Christmas offering for Armenian D. W. Semple gives: A dirty heathen and Syrian children, amounting to hut, a lantern that furnished more $1l,900-most of it being in coins smoke than light, the people huddled of less than one cent in value. In on the mud floor, mothers trying to Assam, the Christians of the Naga hush their noisy children, dogs, cats Hills responded to a Red Cross apand fowls encroaching on the scanty peal with $250. space and cockroache·s crawling everywhere. The method is fantas- Some Christian business men, natic, but more converts are secured tives of Hongkong, have contributed than in the regular Sunday services. $50,000 for a hospital for their fel- low-countrymen. These Chinese be- MISCELLANEOUS came Christians while working in Australia. This fact has furnished Coordination of Red Cross Work an incentive to the Canadian Presby- terian Church for greater effort THE International Red Cross Com- among the 20,000 Chinese living 111 mission has called a convention British Columbia. of all Red Cross organizations of the world to meet at Geneva thirty days Bible Reading Encouraged in Asia after the declaration of peace, to formulate an extended program of THE Bible is reaching the people their activities in the respective coun- of the Orient through many tries for the betterment of mankind. channels. An Oriental missionary It is proposed to establish at Geneva society has a Bible distributing band a permanent working organization, numbering about a hundred, who in which will continue to formulate and four years visited 10,000,000 Jap· propose lines of Red Cross activity anese homes, leaving Bible portions in the interest of humanity. The in each. The Japanese government has made it a rule to place a copy

of both the Christian and Buddhist Reform Report, which stirred all Scriptures in every prison celL In India last year because of the radical one prison near Tokyo, the Christian reforms advocated, contained this sigwarden says that more than fifty nificant clause: prisoners receive Bible instruction. A Chinese hotel keeper in the great "It is difficult to over-estimate the inland city of Hankow, "the Chicago devoted and creative work which of China," has consented to place a missionary money and enterprise are Chinese Bible in each of the rooms doing in the fields of education, of his hotel. morals and sanitation."

Proposed Federation 01 Bible Societies "Y" Workers Prove Tbeir Courage AT a recent meeting of the Board THE charge that Y.M.e.A. work- of the American Bible Society, ers were not to be found in the it was voted to propose a federation danger zone during the war is refuted of all the Bible Societies of the by the latest figures, which show that world. The annual output of Bibles out of 8,000 Y. M. C. A. workers in is 35,000,000, and even this number the· war, 57 died overseas. Of these is inadequate to the demand, so that 11 were killed in service, 97 were a more efficient prosecution of the gassed and wounded, and 120 were work of Bible distribution is an decorated, cited or honorably menurgency. It seems time for a com- tioned for bravery. In the battle of bination of all the forces whose work the Argonne 700 Y. M. C. A. secis the supply and distribution of the retaries were with their units at the Scriptures. front. Not one of these men u,n!ier thirty was physically fit for military Missionaries and Sanitation service, but the citations show that they carried on with the same spirit I N India the mortality among chil- that characterized Americans in the dren is seven times greater than in trenches. Ten of the number killed England. The average life is twen- were women. ty-two and a half years. In Calcutta, the medical center of India, 62 per "IFThe Printed Page cent of the population die without it were possible," says Dr. medical attention. In Africa and . James L. Barton, "to bring to- China similar conditions prevaiL The gether in one place samples of all non-Christian world is an unsanitary the grammars, dictionaries, hymn world, and wherever the missionary books, Bibles, schoolbooks, and works goes he is the apostle and leader of of general literature of every kind sanitary and hygienic reform. A few and from all parts of the world, years ago the King of Siam was which have been written or transgreatly disturbed because the birth- lated during the last century by misrate of his land was exceeded by the sionaries or under their supervision, deathrate, and appealed to an Ameri- it would make one of the most comcan missionary physician. Compul- plete exhibits of the languages and sory vaccination was the result and dialects spoken by more than fivesoon the death rate dropped below sixths of the people of the world. the birth rate. On the other hand, if there could be collected all that has been done in In Africa, giving up the fetish often this direction by others than mismeans the first step in sanitation. A sionaries, or by those working with swamp supposed to be inhabited by them, we could find but a meager evil spirits is drained, and from its exhibit; showing conclusively how soil is produced an abundant crop indebted we have been and yet are of life-sustaining vegetables. to the missionaries for their persis- tent, scholarly, and accurate en- In India, great advance has been made. The Montague-Chelmsford

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

deavors along philological and liter- There is a man in India whose ary lines." mission expenses run from twelve to fifteen hundred "rupees" a The magnitude of the literary month. He receives three hundred work which missionaries have ac- by appropriation; the remainder he complished is shown by the fact that must raise as best he can. More they have translated the Bible, or extraordinary still, is the fact that portions of it, into five hundred lan- he usually raises it. guages and dialects. OBITUARY NOTICES Home and Foreign Fields. Timothy Richard of China No "Union Hours" for Missionaries THE death on April 18 of Dr. THE missionary formerly worked Timothy Richard in his seventy- months, and even long years for fourth year has removed one of the a single convert, and, when he had se- most influential of modern missioncured him, had only a single illiter- aries to China: He went out fortyate man from the lower classes. five years ago as a representative Now he has accessible millions of of the Baptist Missionary Society, lower class people and an increas- ·and because of his service was given ing number of men and women, the rank of a mandarin of the highwho are already the great leaders est class. His counsel was sought among their countrymen. The pres- again and again by princes and minent equipment is adapted largely for isters of state, and his wide influence dealing with the man of the lower gave him oportunity to proclaim the classes, and for dealing with him Word of God with great power. Dr. individually. Slowly the organiza- Richard was at the head of the tion has been expanded. There are Christian Literature Society for larger opportunities for personal many years, and together with his evangelism, which the last few years associates, published 300 volumes. and decades have brought. Schools, hospitals and publishing houses have Abbie P. Ferguson of Africa been added-designed to care for work already under way. Most of FROM Wellington, Cape Colony, the missionaries on the field are tied South Africa, comes the news of down to the direction of these insti- the death of Dr. Abbie P. Ferguson, .tutions. They must supervise the president emeritus of Hugenot Colchurches and the native pastors; lege. Miss Ferguson was born in run the hospital; manage the print- Whatley, Mass., and after graduating press; keep accounts; and, in the ing from Mt. Holyoke College, fortygreater proportion of fields, cultivate seven years ago, went to South Afan American constituency to meet rica with Miss Anna Bliss, to found their increasing needs for more the Hugenot Seminary for Women, money. Many missionaries are com- which later developed into Hugenot pelled, aside from their own salaries, College. She retired from the active to finance a large part of their work. presidency in 1910.

And he spake a parable unto them to this end, that men ought always to pray, and not to faint. Luke xviii. I.

Prayer opens the soul to God. Prayer opens the life to the workings of infinite grace. And now I see why the Christian soldier should be so urgently counseled to pray. Prayer keeps open his lines of communication. Prayer keeps him in touch with his base of supplies. Without prayer he is isolated by the flanking movements of the world, the flesh and the devil, and he will speedily give out in the dark and cloudy day. "Men ought always to pray and not to faint."–J. H. JOWETT.

MISSIONARY LIBRARY

China Mission Year Book. 1918. My Chinese Days. By Gulielma F. Edited by E. C. Lobenstine and Alsop. Illustrated. 8vo. 271 pp. A. L. Warnshuis. 12mo. 429 pp. $2.00 net. Little, Brown & Co. Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, 1919. Shanghai, and Missionary Educa- tion Movement, New York. $2.50 Four years as a young woman net. physician in China, with eyes to see, a mind to think and heart to The China Mission Year Book feel, gave Dr. Alsop rich material has become a recognized institution, for these remarkably vivid and fasan essential to our knowledge of cinating sketches of Chinese life China and its problems. The ninth and character. For the most part annual issue contains some very she tells her own experiences-advaluable articles on the general ventures in dark quarters, night situation-the constitutional de- visits to palatial homes, confidences velopment, the floods and their re- from almond eyed sisters. There lief, Chinese laborers in France and are both humor and pathos here, but opium. The various churches and chiefly there is life-the real life of their missions are described, not in the Chinese woman pictured as only a perfunctory way but with refer- a woman physician with literary ence to particular features-the ability can describe it. The chap- Presbyterian Union, the United ters make excellent reading for Lutheran Church, Church order in home or missionary circles and the the C. 1. M., Administration in the book is a valuable supplemental C. M. S., etc. There are also sec- volume for the year's study course. tions on evangelism, religious education, medical work and the China New Life Currents in China. By medical Board, literature, etc. In Mary Ninde Gamewell. Illusthe appendices we have a valuable trated. Maps and charts. 12mo. bibliography, various official docu- 216 pp. Missionary Education ments and other information, such Movement. 1919. as Roman Catholic statistics for China. Finally there are the sta- A new study book on China must tistics and charts relating to Prot- have some special reason for existestant missions. ence. The reasons here are the changing situation, the emphasis on The year book is a model for medical missions, and the importother mission areas. Every stu- ance of the native church. China is dent of China and of missions in a republic in the making; there is China should have a copy. The still disorder and unrest; the relacontributors include over forty tion to Japan and the rest of Asia authorities representing many de- is not yet determined. But China nominations, nations and specialists. has latent power for good or for There is still too much denomina- evil. The missionaries are the tional division in this survey. The greatest force in developing the year book would be still more valu- good. able if it studied the needs of China, as a whole, with less reference to Mrs. Gamewell devotes one denominational work and more ref- chapter 'to the changes and outlook in China; another to the achieveence to specific present problems ments of western medical service and needs and how they may be (the China Medical Board alone is supplied. spending millions of dollars); an- 636 other on Chinese leadership in thirty years in a small mission stamedicine; and another on preven- tion in South East Africa, never gotive measures. Other chapters re- ing more than twenty miles from fer to economic and industrial her humble home, and seldom seechanges, education, social progress ing another white face. She first and the Church. The book is went to South Africa in 1879 as packed full of information. Miss Moir, but after her marriage to Mr. Forsyth and his death by The New Opportunity of the Church. drowning in South Africa, she be- Robert E. Speer. 16mo. 111 came a volunteer missionary of the pages. 60c. The MacMillan Co. United Free Church of Scotland. 1919. Her income was only $200 a year, but she refused to accept additional This little volume is a brief con- salary or gifts. sideration of some of the facts and problems due to the war-especially The mission station, Xolobe, was in reference to the beliefs and the responsibility of Christians. The in a wild country away from white lasf of the five chapters takes up settlements and full of unrestrained "the War Aims and Foreign Mis- heathenism. The ignorance, cruelty, sions." The moral aims are de- immorality and intemperance were fined as (1) to put an end to war appalling, but Mrs. Forsyth won and its burdens; (2) to "assure hu- her way among the people by her man freedom; (3) to establish inter- sympathy and helpfulness. Though national righteousness; (4) to use not a medical missionary she was strength for human service; and (5) regarded as a skilled physician. to prepare a way for an order of truth and justice and brotherhood. Mrs. Forsyth's work reveals the Mr. Speer shows what Christian missions have already done in pro- great value and effectiveness of a moting these aims and how the consecrated life, even where it is hope of the future is in the spiritual not marked by unusual talents, or aims and power that lie at the heart where there is no special equipof Christianity. If we mean what ment and organization. The station we claimed to mean in entering at Xolobe would be considered inthe war, it behooves us to prove it significant by many who regard by our missionary activity. machinery and magnitude as a sign of success. A missionary visitor Christina Forsyth of Fingoland, by describes the station as consisting W. P. Livingstone. Illustrated. of a "tin schoolhouse, a few Kaffir 12mo. 246 pp. $1.50. George H. huts, and a simple two-room mis- Doran Co., New York. 1919. sion building." At the time of Mrs. Forsyths' return to Scotland in 1917 Where is Fingoland, and who is at the age of 74, the station had Christina Forsyth? Few people in become a fully equipped mission America could answer either ques- with a fine church building, a day tion. It is answered in the biog- school with four teachers and an atraphy written .by the author of tendance of about 140, Sunday "Mary Slessor of Calabar," and the services, Sunday-school, a young answer is well worth knowing, for woman's class and a week day the story of this life has in it ele- prayer-meeting all carried on by the ments that make Mary Slessor, John office bearers she had trained. G. Paton and Robert Moffat fasci., There is also a branch of the Young nating life stories. Women's Christian Association. Mrs. Forsyth, in short, civilized the Mrs. Forsyth is described as per- district, gave the people a knowlhaps the most isolated missionary edge of God and brought many of her time. She lived alone for scores to the feet of Christ.

How did she do it? Read 'the biography to learn her method-a captivating. The Junior stories lone widow in the midst of degraded center around the names of Christ, heathenism. the Cornerstone, the Good Shepherd, etc., and relate to missionary inci- A History of Latin America. By dents in all lands. There is fortun- William Warren Sweet. Illus- ately no separation between "home" trated. 20 maps. 8vo. 283 pp. and "foreign"-all the world is one $3.00. The Abingdon Press, New field, as Jesus Christ is one Lord York. 1919. and has one Church.

As a text book for classes in Foreign Magic. By Jean Carter secular history this is a good brief Cochran. Illustrated. 12mo. 191 outline study by the professor of pp. Missionary Education Movehistory in DePauw University. The ment. 1919. author begins with a description of the Spanish and Portuguese back- These stories of China, full of life ground, the natural aspects and and color, bring us into intimate native races, the exploration, colo- and friendly touch with things nization and conquest. After a chap- Chinese as the missionary sees ter on two centuries of Spanish them. The "foreign magic" is the rule, come the wars of independence Christian touch that changes things and the establishment of republics. -physically and spiritually. Miss The study is topical and historic Cochran's year in China and her adrather than racial or national. The ditional points of contact through space devoted to morals and re- letters and friends have been used ligion is very limited, but contains to good advantage. The stories are enough to show that. the South worth reading for young and old. Americans of all classes need Christian teaching and practical Christian Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth morals. Colson. Illustrated. 8vo. 86 pp. Missionary Education Movement. Primary Mission Stories and Junior N ew York. 1918. Mission Stories. By Margaret T. Applegarth. Illustrated. 12mo. These stories about Billy and 343 pages and 406 pages. $1.00 Bertha are for young children of net each. Board of Publication primary age. They tell of friends of the Reformed Church in Amer- and helpers in China and India, in ica. New York. 1918. England and America-all workers who have been busy making things There is no excuse for a failure to help others. They are interestto interest children in missions ing and informing little stories full when we have such a queen among of Christian spirit. story tellers as Miss Applegarth. The two volumes, with fifty-two The Red Triangle in the Changing stories each, are intended for chil- Nations. By Seven Association dren of junior and primary ages. Workers. 12mo. 125 pp. 75 cents. They not only have catchy rhymes Association Press. 1918. and interesting facts in story form which children can understand, but These seven chapters tell the the stories create a sympathetic story of Y. M. C. A. work in Japan, attitude toward missions. China, India, the Philippines, South America, Mexico and France. They The volumes begin with some point out clearly the work larger very helpful words to teachers giv- than the war work, in which the ing ideas on how to use the stories Association has been and is enand the interesting illustrated "take gaged. It is a service that will conhome cards." The primary stories tinue for many years. relate to different countries and are The great moral and social needs scenes, its history, customs, re· of these lands are revealed by ligions, the devastating rule of the workers who know from experience Turk, the recent conquest and the dangers and opportunities of the present need. It is interesting read· present day. The results of Associa- ing and has a message. tion work abroad are remarkable, but perhaps a just criticism of the The Guide Book. 1918-1919. The volume would be that the writers American Baptist Foreign Mismake the Y. M. C. A. appear too sionary Society. 25 cents. 158 great a factor in solving the prob- pages. lems of these countries. 'The vol- This Annual Hand Book gives ume is especially useful for promoting interest in the foreign work of the main facts regarding the work the Association and enlisting men of the Society-its history, organiza· and money in its support. tion; work in various lands and finances. The maps are excellent The Romance of the Red Triangle. and the information varied and use- Sir Arthur K. Yapp. 8vo., 195 ful. pp. $1.00 net. George H. Doran Co. 1918. The Achievements of Christianity.

Arthur Yapp was the Secretary of By J. K. Mozley, M. D. 16mo. the London Y. M. C. A. at the outbreak of the war and the man who 86 pp. 80 cents. The Macmilplaced the Association at the service lan Co., 1918. of the British Army. For his effi- "History is His Story" and Dr. cient help he has been knighted and Mozley traces the connection be· here tells the story of the achieve- tween Christian teaching and the ments of the Association workers world's progress. It is a brief and in the war. It is indeed a romance thoughtful study of religious and, notwithstanding the criticism achievement, political and social inthat has been showered on the fluences, Christianity and the arts, Y. M. C. A., the fighters or war and the development of Christian workers can never repay the debt character. they owe to the unselfish service rendered. Sir Arthur describes The Church and the Great War. simply, but graphically, the en- By Rev. Worth M. Tippy. 12mo. trance of the British "Y" into the 139 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. service, the difficulties encountered, Revell Co., 1918. the women workers and their work, the experiences at the front 'fhe war has passed, but its inand in the task of reconstruction. fluence and lessons abide. May Many will not agree with Sir these never need to be repeated. Arthur in his views of the effective- Dr. Tippy's study of the relation of ness of the religious work of the the Church to the war and its mis- Y. M. C. A. in the war, but all must sion to those engaged in it is aladmire the spirit of service mani- ready out of date because the situafested. tion has changed. As a backward look and- a survey of past oppor- tunity it is still of value.

Dawn in Palestine. By Wm. Can- The Whole Truth About Alcohol. tor. 12mo. 96 pp. 40 cents By George Elliot Flint. 12mo. paper. Macmillian Co. New York. 294 pp. $1.50 net. Macmillan 1918. Co. 1919.

This timely book refreshes our There will be a decided difference minds on the Holy Land-its sacred of opinion as to the appropriateness of the title of this volume. It 1913, to 102,714 kegs in September, is not the whole truth, some may 1914. Drunkards were made into even question if it is more than the men and paupers became independ- half-truth about alcohol. The ent.

author favors temperance, but not total abstinence or prohibition. Mr.' Poems of Pep and Point for Public Speakers. By Will H. Brown. Flint refers to reformers as "ex- 8vo. 324 pp. $1.50. Standard tremists" and "usually a nuisance." Publishing Co., Cincinnati, 1918. The personal element enters into the book too largely to make it of real value as a dispassionate scien- These verses are of varying merit and are arranged under subjects tific treatise. Mr. Flint describes alcohol in its alphabetically. There are six hunvarious connections, denounces pro- dred or more and .almost any hibition, favors the saloon as the speaker seeking for verses to quote "working man's club" and in gen- can find something appropriate eral endeavors to make a case for either in poetry or doggerel.

alcoholic drinks and for the use of alcohol as medicine. He omits en- Christian Americanization. By Chartirely a candid statement of facts les Alvin Brooks. 12mo. 160 pp. that show the evil influence of 40 cents, paper. 75 cents, cloth. strong dring on infant mortality, Missionary Education Movement. on industrial efficiency, on cost of 1919. food, on accident, on immorality and crime. We need some other writer The war revealed, among other things, the great need and value of to tell us the whole truth about Americanization for our foreign alcohol. population. It has also revealed, to Trapped in Black Russia. By Ruth those who have eyes to see, the Pierce. 16mo. 149 pp. $1.25. great task before the Church in Houghton Mifflin Co., 1918. making America Christian. It is ap- propriate that the study text book These letters from Russia were on home missions this year should written in 1915 and appeared first in take up this topic, and no more the Atlantic M O1tthly. They are vivid capable writer could have been pictures of the disorder, injustice selected than the secretary of City and cruelty that followed the Rus- and Foreign Speaking Missions of sian Revolutions. Mrs. Pierce is the American Baptist Home Misthe wife of a business man in Rou- sion Society. mania, but was caught and imprisoned as a spy when visiting Russia. Dr. Brooks shows clearly the The story is well told. present conditions that face us in the millions of people in America Russian Prohibition. By Ernest Gor- who are of foreign birth or foreign don. Pamphlet. 79 pp. 25 cents. parentage-people, many of whom American Issue Publishing Co., speak foreign languages and have Vesterville, Ohio. 1916. foreign ideals and religions. The task before the American nation is The facts about the Russian pro- to assimilate and educate them.

hibition legislation in 1914, and its The task before the Christian Church effects on the people, are clearly set is to promote a unity in loyalty, forth by Mr. Gordon who has al- ideals and religion; and service ready placed us in his debt by his which finds its center, its aim and valuable book on "Anti-Alcoholic its motive pOwer in Jesus Christ.

Movements in Europe." In Russia Dr. Brooks shows the need and how the consumption of vodka dropped it may be met. The bibliography from 9,232,921 kegs in September, at the end is full and well selected.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1917

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7J.I £ .D M? J( SIDE OF THE ])II~K CONTINENT A MAP OF THE CONTENTS-OUR VIEW OF THE WORLD IN THE DECEMBER REVIEW Articles Indicated by Titles, New. Items Indicated by Number..

VIII

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~ i $ For Use in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings " i 1. The type of Chinese womanhood is shown by the fact that when three of them were asked by their American hostess what they would like best to ========5 see, did not choose the theatre, or other "sights," but desired. to visit I institutions for the feeble-minded, the deaf and the blind, so that they might take home to China a knowledge of the methods used. (See page ii 909.) :==========_ 2. The great need of Africa is shown by the fact that in one town, not far ====~ from a mission station, twenty wives of one man, all suspected of having caused his death by witchcraft, were buried alive in his grave. (See page =_ _ 891.) 1=_ 3. A hopeful sign in West Africa is that the people recognize the character of iI Jesus as the ideal for Africans as well as for white men. A missionary among them says he is often asked if Jesus was not a blackman. (See page 891.) ~~ 4. The abnormal social and moral conditions among the 10,000 white civilian ~ ~ population of the Canal Zone give especial significance to work of the I~ Union Church, Panama. (See page 905.) 5. Over 3,000 Chinese coolies, now at work for the Allies behind the lines in France, journeyed across the Pacific, through Canada and then across the Atlantic, in the special care of a medical missionary from Foochow.

(See page 944.) !=~ 6. Eye-witnesses in Persia describe the Armenian refugees there as in "the ll! state of oriental street dogs, with whom they compete for offal." One who has seen the dogs of an Eastern city needs nothing Ipore to complete the picture. . (See page 945.) 1_ 7. There is only 0Fne medical hmissbiondary ifnAthehw~ole of Kdhofrasan'ha tAerfrihtory I as large as rance on t e or er a fg amstan, an rom t e g ans =_!§ themselves have come calls for an intinerating doctor. (See page 945.) _ 8. A village community in India, made up of former thieves, now has evening 1= prayers as an established feature of their life. (See page 946.) 9. Special meetings, conducted by a Chinese preacher, have resulted in the ===== ~ the decision of over fifty students in Canton Christian College to enter . =====_1= the Christian life. (See page 948.) 10. Nearly 500,000 women and girls are reported to be employed in factories in Japan. More than half of these are under twenty years of age, and the =~ working day is often from twelve to sixteen hours long. Wages are about fifteen cents a day. (See page 950.) =_==__ 11. More men are said to have volunteered in one day in America for war service than all the men and women who have gone out as missionaries to 5===~ foreign fields in the 'last fourteen years. (See page 951.) 12. The generosity of Christians on the mission field is shown by a Samoan vil- lage church of only thirty-eight members, who gave last year, out of J ~ great poverty, £130 ($650) to the work of the London Missionary So- ciety. (See page 955.) iUUlllIIllIIlIUllllllllllllUllIlIlIIlIIlIIllIIlIIUUUlIlIIlIlIlIlIUlllllllllllllllllllllllUllIlIlIIllIlIlIIlIIH1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIUlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUllUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUO "~t~·h liCI( R.,n.-.t:n! a Pro((J,l.lnt II…",,"~. I.·h~ OH''tIOO ..I,lllun ha,"ing in R:.)iJenl.:c .It k.1M nnc :mui{'"an, Eump..:.IIl. ,_y. . .~ 1-'….. h'f'~"" or "hite Smllh :(rll.::10 Mis!o.ionar). "t:",.

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. December, 1917 NUHBER TWELVE XL SIGNS OF THB TIMES THE BIRTH-THROES OF RUSSIA I N spite of revolution and counter revolution there is reason to hope that Russia will yet come out of darkness into light, out of bondage into liberty. The nation is in a struggle for life, not only against a powerful and subtle enemy without, but against disintegrating factors and dangerous diseases within. The one hope for Russia is that God is allowing her to struggle in order that the great nation may come to an end of her confidence in political and physical forces and may find her salvation in Him.

Russia is engaged in a fourfold conflict-a battle against the Central Empires of Europe, a political revolution of democracy against autocracy, a social upheaval of the masses emerging from under the aristocracy, and a religious struggle to establish full liberty of belief and worship. Everywhere the old is being replaced by the new. With the millions of Russians uneducated, after years of oppression and misrule, and with no experience in self-government, it is no wonder that Russia is still in the agony of effort to bring a new nation into life.

In the midst of the turmoil, the outlook for Christian progress was never brighter. While the nation may not become Christian, individuals in Russia have an opportunity, such as they have never before known. Not only have Gospels and tracts been distributed broadcast among prisoners in Germany but a Christian work has been established among the nine million Russian soldiers in their training camps and trenches. Five hundred Christian workers have been called for to work in Russia. In addition to the Y. M. C. A., the Methodists and Baptists from America, the Bible and Tract Societies and the missions to Jews are already working in Russia, and other organizations plan to enter the field. The Russian authorities are beginning to realize that in Evan-

gelical Christianity is their greatest hope for stability, intelligence and courage for the Russian troops and people. As old Russia dies there is hope for the resurrection of a new Russia.

The worst and most startling events are usually reported in the newspapers. The undercurrent of progress· is often overlooked. Letters and reports from those who have been or are in the country give a brighter view, especially of the religious oudook. Mr. Robert Feder, of Petrograd, a brother of Pastor William Fetler, writes of encouraging meetings for soldiers and sailors in Finland and many conversions.

The Russian Baptist Union sends out traveling evangelists and is appealing to the Russian Bible Institute, conducted by Pastor Fetler in Philadelphia, to send over more men or to move the Institute to Russia. The Evangelical Christians are giving generously to extend the work of evangelization-the Baptist Church in Petrograd alone giving 2,000 roubles. A Lettish Baptist Congress has appointed a committee and two pastors to help Lettish refugees.

One of the new forms of aggressive Christian work now possible is that of open-air preaching, and evangelicals are taking full advantage of it. It is quite a usual thing now to march through the principal streets of Petrograd singing hymns, waving banners and preaching at any convenient spot. In the gardens also, where people congregate, meetings are ,held, and everywhere the people listen with extraordinary attention. If any disturbance is made by unsympathetic hearers, it is at once quelled by the people themselves, and the preachers are encouraged to proceed.

The meetings are attended by much blessing and conversions are frequent, especially among th~ soldiers. The quietness on the battle front has been utilized by the believing soldiers for energetic preaching. The commanders are not opposed to the work, for they have found that, whatever may be the case with others, "Believing soldiers honorably perform their duty."

Much is being done by the distribution of Gospel literature, and there is the opportunity of increasing this work indefinitely. The magazine called "The Guest," founded by Pastor W. Feder, and now carried on by Pastor N eprash and other helpers in Petrograd, has a wide circulation and is greatly prized. A constant stream of Bibles, Gospels and tracts has also gone out from the publishing office of "The Guest," but, so great is now the demand that it cannot be fully met. The old editions of many works are sold out, and the very high prices for printing make it extremely difficult to issue new editions. The atheistic propaganda, which has sprung up since the revolution, makes it all the more necessary that this good work should be increased. The people are eager to read; they will read anything. Unfortunately, there is a tendency to turn to atheism through seeing they have been misled by their many Russian priests j they have lost every belief in religion. Here is a marvellous opportunity for Christian literature.

OF THE

The Christian work being done will have a steadying and healthful effect upon the life of the nation at this crisis. An appeal to citizens from the IISociety of Christian Students," while showing full sympathy with the political aspirations of the people, presses upon them the need for taking the Christian position.· The appeal throughout is pertinent and forcible, and closes with the statement: "We know that Christ is able to change our life and make us a pure and strong people. Then we must construct our life upon a solid foundation of brotherhood and liberty."

In Moscow, at the beginning of the revolution, when all were occupied with the one matter, how most quickly and surely to consolidate their newly won liberty, a Soldiers' Christian Society was formed with eighteen believing soldiers. They began to hold meetings; procured tracts and books at their own expense; carried on a vigorous aggressive campaign, and succeeded in making a considerable impression among their fellows. They believe that by confining their work to their fellowsoldiers they are preparing for a great harvest of blessing throughout Russia when the war is finished and these soldiers go to their homes in all parts of the land. This opens up a hopeful prospect.

There is, however, danger that the new found liberty will run to license and that in place of turning to God, men and women in Russia will turn from Him. They have been oppressed and misled in the past and many have lost all faith in God. They need Bibles and Christian workers in Russia to stem the tide of infidelity and extend a clearer knowledge of God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

ITALY TODAY AND TOMORROW I N every country the biggest problems are vitally connected with religion, but in some the religious situation is especially critical. This is true of Italy, which is full of cynicism. "Roman Catholicism is on trial. The Church of the Vatican must render a full accounting for its tenure of centuries, and Protestantism is asked to submit a program," says Rev. B. M. Tipple of Rome. This is as important to the future of Italy as are the plans of the Allies to stop the Austro-German drive on the front.

Many new factors have recently entered into the situation. England, a Protestant nation, is the trusted friend of Italy. American relief work and statesmanship have made Protestant America a strong missionary force. The hundred thousand semi-Americanized, semi-Protestantized Italians who have returned from the United States to fight for their native land are exerting an influence among their own people. A million copies of the ScriptUres have also been distributed in the trenches and American Christians have organized great, practical religious centers in European tamps and trenches.

The future Christian program in Italy will be social and practical

and its message will be simple and direct. Christianity will be broadly humanitarian, big in its scope and commanding in its organization. Let us hope that it will also be vital and regenerating.

r A Waldensian chaplain in Italy, who gives his impressions of the great war and its problems in A oice from Italy tells of finding a Roman Catholic chaplain sitting in his small wooden barrack with a New Testa- ment before him, a copy of "Jesus of Nazareth" and "The Christian Religion." "Books so well written and with such a wide outlook are not found in our literature," he said, "and if I am to give my soldiers the nourishment they need I must make large use of your evangelical writers."

The daily bread which this Roman Catholic offers his men consists of good counsel on the march, gentle admonition when under punishment and words of comfort to those who have sad news from home. "In the Sunday sermon," he says, "I do not allow myself to come under the. dominion of any man or system of ideas, however venerable, but seek with all my power to preach only the simple Evangel. I have found that nothing else draws our soldiers so powerfully, and nothing else answers their heart need in the same degree. And when I return to my parish in Tuscany; I shall follow the same method, because these years of war have brought forcibly home to me the fact that the true, spiritual evangel, freed from the distortions and travesties of men, has today the same power as it had twenty centuries ago."

Protestant workers in Italy are preparing for this new day. More churches and better churches are needed with more evangelical preachers and better preachers. A program is required fitted to Italy's needs and with men and women to work it. Schools are called for to educate the young-but they must be Christian schools.

PROGRESS IN THE PHILIPPINES T HE United States took over the Philippine Islands from Spain about seventeen years ago and almost immediately Protestant mis- sionaries entered the newly opened door. Anyone who has visited the islands or has read of the progress made since that time has evidence of the vast difference between the practical results of liberty and of oppression and recognizes the contrast between ignorance and superstition fostered by Rome and the religion of the open Bible' which teaches the people to read and think for themselves.

Twelve years ago the Evangelical Union of the Philippine Islands was organized "for the purpose of securing economy, comity and efficiency in the service of God in this archipelago." The territory was apportioned between the several Protestant Christian missions, doing away with overlapping and the waste of effort.

Some of the results of this program and effort are revealed in the

OF THE TIMES

following figures: There are today 160 evangelical missionaries in the islands, and a large number of Filipino native helpers. Over 200 young men are in the mission schools preparing for Christian work. There are six mission schools exclusively for women; four boarding schools for boys; six mission printing plants; and twenty student dormitories. There are now over 75,000 evangelical church members and as many more adherents. There is a Young Men's Christian Association building for Americans; one for Filipinos in Manila, another for Filipino students and a very successful army branch at Fort McKinley. There are two Protestant orphanages, eight hospitals and twenty dispensaries in the islands, operated by the evangelical missions. There are in Manila six evangelical churches for Filipinos, one for Chinese, and four for Americans. The American and the British Foreign Bible Societies distributed over 100,000 Bibles and Testaments last year in the Philippines, printed in twenty languages and dialects-this is in a land where, twenty years ago, it was a crime for Filipinos to own or read a copy of the Bible and where a colporteur was imprisoned and then deported for selling Scriptures.

WINNING MOSLEMS IN INDIA M OST people know of the traditional difficulty of reaching Mos- lems with the Gospel, but comparatively few know of the success that is attending the work today in Africa, India and Malaysia. An interesting report from the Wesleyan Mission in India describes some of the methods used among the sixty million Moslems in that land.

In Lucknow a number of Moslem boys attend the mission high school, where they receive regular Bible teaching. In the street preaching, more Moslems are reached than Hindus. Many Moslem girls and women also hear the Gospel through the schools and Bible women. In the villages, the catechists constantly preach to Moslems and many women and girls are influenced by the mission dispensary.

At Fyzabad and Akbarpur, bazaar preaching is done regularly and a large majority of the hearers are Moslems. In the surrounding villages, the catechists preach to Moslems while the Woman's Association continues a thorough work among Moslem girls and women.

In Benares are more than 60,000 Moslems and many of them are influenced by the daily preaching at Bulanala (preaching hall). Many Bible portions and other Christian books are sold to Moslems and a special lantern lecture is frequently delivered showing extracts from the Koran, and photographs of Bible manuscript.

For many years the missionaries and their Indian colleagues have proclaimed the Gospel to the Moslems and some converts have been won. One, a Haji, is now a catechist in the Akbarpur circuit. Another is receiving instruction at the theological institution at Benares. A third, who attended a missionary's Bible class in Bengal, is now a Christian

preacher in Bengal. It is certain that women in Moslem zenanas have accepted Christ, though they have been unable to obtain baptism.

Rev. C. P. Cape, a missionary in India writes: "I am more than ever convinced that India is at present the strategic point to reach the Mohammedan world. I have worked for twenty-eight years, partly among Mohammedans, and I have never seen such a change in any community as in the Mohammedans during the past two years or so. They come in crowds to purchase books, Gospels and the Psalms, especially, and come with good questions-not the old routine questions of twenty years ago. Prayer is behind this great change. By humbly seeking the guidance of the Spirit of God we are taught how to approach the Mussulman. We are far more successful when we speak to him as a sinner than as a Mohan'medan. If we can touch the sinner, the Mohammedan has to give way. The Moslem needs the only sinless prophet of Islamour Lord Jesus Christ. How shall a young Moslem cleanse his way? He must have the help of the living Lord. In India he worships the saints and their tombs, because Allah seems to be very far away. The Moslem needs Christ as a Saviour, if he would rise to the level of God's purpose for him. The Power of Islam is not equal to that demand, but as Christians, we have the secret of the Power that will save Mohammedans.' , A MISSION TO MOSLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA T HE growth of Mohammedanism in South Africa has already been noted in the REVIEW. Intermarriage of Christian women with Moslems is one of the chief methods of the propaganda. The situation is peculiar in that among the Moslems here the women are not secluded, public opinion is favorable to Mohammedans Christian children are legally adopted by Moslems.

The Rev. S. Garabidian, formerly a missionary in India, has been working for Moslems in Cape Town for five years under the auspices of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; as a result many former Christians have been reclaimed. Women workers in the mission are especially needed to look after women and girls in each Mohammedan center. Four or five hundred men and women have been rescued from Islam, including some Indian and Malay Mohammedans. The Christian Church must occupy adequately the outposts of civilization before they are captured by the forces of Islam.

COMMlBNT

!~~~~~~ .

SHALL WE CURTAIL MISSIONARY GIFTS IN 'VARTIME?

SELDOM has there been a time when there were so great and so many demands for money and for men as there are today. The pressure toward secularization of giving and effort is unprecedented during this world war. The attention of the members of the Church of Christ is turned to the battle field. The war and preparations for war fill our secular and religious press and tens of thousands of church members are either at the front or are preparing to go. Death and destruction fill the public mind. Vas there ever a time when the church more urgently needed a field for action beyond the line of physical and temporal warfare-a call to service and sacrifice based upon the highest Christian principles and the most unselfish devotion?

N ever in history has there been a time when the African and Asiatic races so needed the impact of pure Christianity. They, too, live in an atmosphere of war. They have been distracted, and are still, with the spectacle of so-called Christian nations in mortal combat. They have found it difficult, and even impossible, to interpret the history of the present hour in the battle fields of Europe in accordance with what they know of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. They are ready to listen to one who can interpret the true meaning of the Gospel as it applies to the life of the individual of society and the nation. They see the breaking down of civilizations which they were coming to consider supreme and need to build their confidence and their institutions on firmer foundations.

Furthermore, the forces of evil and sin are unusually active at the present time. Not only are there temptations to doubt and infidelity and materialism, but new and startling allurements to evil thrust themselves upon men with unprecedented force. The only remedy, the only power by which these temptations can be overcome, is the pure and saving Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. All men-white and black, brown and yellow -need the same panacea and the only way in which those in other lands are reached is through the missionary agencies of the Christian Church. These agencies have established and conduct institutions in every land that stand for the purity and power of Christ. Through these agencies perishing men may be reached and reached now.

Again, we see in India, China, Japan and Africa, lands that contain more than one-half of the world's population, a general movement toward democracy. This spirit of democracy is selfish, and filled with unholy ambition. It is without a sense of responsibility for other nations and is often unjust, unrighteous and un-Christian. Such a spirit would be

a menace, not only to itself but to America and England and to the world. It seems inevitable that these democracies shall increase in influence and power. Here is an imperative call to the Church of Christ to see that these nations are permeated with the spirit of Christ. It is a question whether their purpose shall be supremely selfish, or shall be dominated by a spirit of service to the world; whether they shall attempt to exact from the world by force that which gratifies their own unholy ambition, or shall give to the world that which they can give to benefit mankind. The great missionary movement must be supported more generously than ever before, in order to bring the impact of Christ upon the nations. This can be done only by unusual devotion and self-sacrifice of the men and women of the churches at home. The preservation of world peace and the continuation of the spirit of fraternal co-operation depend in a large measure upon the way in which Christians mobilize all available spiritual forces and bring them to bear upon the problems of Asia and Africa, of Latin America as well as of Europe and North America.

Moreover this time of disintegration is also a time to prepare for reconstruction. The forces and agencies that prove themselves most vital now are the forces and agencies that will be recognized as supreme in the period that follows the war. Physical force, human organization and mental acumen are being tested and are found wanting. Tt is for Christians to prove the supreme power of Christ and His principles. Finally, there was never a time when the missionary forces were in more need of strengthening. The staff in almost every field is depleted by death, by the withdrawal of German missionaries, by the assignment of men and women to duty with military forces. The increased cost of living, the dangers of travel, the difficulty of securing supplies, the political unrest in many lands, and the increased cost of exchange in foreign lands all make it imperative that, if the Church of Christ is to prove a worthy steward of the Grace of God, Christians must devote themselves with unprecedented earnestness to prayer and service; and must give their money more lavishly, not only to war causes but to the spiritual work of missions.

THE CHURCH AND THE CONFLICT E VERY patriot is thinking, talking, living for the great conflict that is shaking the world to its foundations. Churches are taking an unprecedented interest in soldiers and sailors. Their life in camp and trench is made as vivid as possible in literature, sermons and pictures; their needs and sacrifices and achievements are kept before us. Pastors stir their people to save on food, fuel and clothing for the soldiers, to work for them, pray for them, send gifts to them, buy liberty bonds for them, train as nurses, ambulance drivers. or for the Home Defence Guard to help the cause; to give largely for Red Cross and Christian

COMMENT

Association work that those at the front may not suffer unnecessarily, but that sacrifice may be shared by all and that the victory may come more speedily. The churches are loaning their pastors as chaplains while they pay for substitutes; they open their buildings for Red Cross work and for visiting soldiers and sailors; service flags and honor rolls are displayed prominently and letters are read from absent ones in training camps or trenches. Prayer meetings take on a new earnestness and power as those at home enter into fellowship with the dangers that threaten those abroad. Every true man and woman is seeking to do his or her "bit"-is asking; "WThat can I do to help ?" Things, that seemed impossible in the way ·of service rendered, and in sacrifices made, are now taken as a matter of course. And men are better for it, of course. Their eyes have a new brightness and their step a new elasticity, their prayers a new fervor and their whole life a new purpose and power.

Here are some of the ways suggested in which churches encourage and co-operate with the soldiers;- WHAT CAN THE CHURCH DO?

1. Keep an honor roll of those in service-post conspicuously. Inspire all to loyalty. Encourage enlistment of volunteers.

2. Appoint good correspondents to keep them in touch with the church at home.

I. Send calendars, books, local papers and Christmas gifts to those in service. ,. Give the pastor leave of absence to visit the camps. 5. Keep the Y. M. C. A. secretaries infonned of the men from your church. G. Save on food, fuel and luxuries. Raise a war fund to help in this great conflict. 7. Read from the pulpit the letters from those at the front. S. Hold prayer meetings for them and remember special needs and individ- uals by name. S. Welcome all those who serve the flag-especially those who represent you. 10. Remember that you are partners in a great Gause and that your respon- sibility is as real as of those at ~e front. You will then share· in the victory.

If every church and every Christian would earnestly follow out these suggestions what fellowship and unity it would engender, what power would be felt both at home and abroad!

There is a parable here. The Church has another conflict on hand -still greater than that in Europe and one that is for even greater ends -the extension of the spiritual and eternal Kingdom of God. How many pastors and how many Christians stand ashamed because of their lack of interest and co-operation in the great Christian campaign, when they consider what they are willing to do for a cause in which they are

really interested and for which they are ready to sacrifice. How many missionaries-soldiers of the Cross-have left the home church with great hopes and have seen these hopes die because they have been left by the church to serve alone. Read over the list of "What a Church Can Do" and see in how many of these ways you and your church are whole-heartedly sharing the burden and heat of the day with the missionaries on the firing line of Christendom.

CONSTRUCTIVE WARFARE A WFUL as is the destruction-often wanton and useless destruc- tion-caused by war, there are at the same time constructive fea- tures in such a conflict. Foundations-political, ethical, social and spiritual-are shaken and while some strllctures fall, many more find themselves resting more firmly on solid rock. Science, both for destruc- tive and constructive service, always advances in wartime. Medical and surgical skill is developed to a high degree to protect the armies from dis- ease, and to counteract the effect of bullets, shells and bayonets. Roads and railroads are constructed for military purposes that have been neglected in times of peace. For instance, a British railroad now connects Egypt with Palestine and has been brought across the desert to within forty miles of Jerusalem. After the war, travelers will be able to make this journey in a few hours, whereas it formerly took days. Classes and parties who were formerly at enmity or misunderstood each other are united in a common cause. Organized work advances in efficiency to conserve food supplies, to manufacture munitions, to raise money and to direct a united campaign.

Christian forces are also uniting in moral and spiritual constructive work, more than ever was thought possible in times of peace. Under the auspices of the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations, Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Disciples, Methodist, Presbyterian and Reformed clergymen and laymen are uniting to help the soldiers and sailors. They conduct services, do personal work, teach Bible classes and unite in reform movements, generally, without denominational bias. They seek to exalt Christ and save men, and'so to build up the Church without regard to the churches of a particular sect. When the foundations are well and truly laid on the Rock, Christ Jesus, this is constructive work of the first magnitude. One result of the war may be the breaking down of denominational barriers as well as of political and social distinctions. It is well to recognize no distinctions that Christ Himself does not set up, but at the same time it would be disastrous to build on the sand of human ethics and personal righteousness. These are the superstructures which stand or fall as they conform to the divine standards and are built on the Son of God and His righteousness, the only Foundations that stand sure for time and eternity.

NEED OF EDUCATION IN THE ARTS OF

.A group of warriors in Afri(:a The Dark Side of the Dark Continent The Men~al and Moral Degradation of Feti~hism BY THE REV. ROBERT H. MILLIGAN, TACOMA, WASHINGTON The atlthor of this article 'Was for some years a missionary in West Africa. He has given a vivid picture of his experiences and observations in two volumes-"Fetish Folk of West Africa," and "The Jungle Folk of Africa."-EDITOR.

T HE African lives in a world of confusion and disorder; a world of magic, running at random and haphazard; where the stone that falls downward today may fall upward tomorrow; where birds may wear foliage for feathers and animals moralize as men. One gges toa wedding, and it turns out that the groom is a leopard in the form of a man, who, in the midst of the ceremony, carries off the bride. One goes to a funeral and the corpse sits up and talks, or breaks loose and

runs away. This is the world in which the African lives; a world in which there is no law, and things happen without a cause.

The mental degradation of the African is often overlooked through the deeper regard for his moral degradation. Therefore it is my pur- pose to depict, first the mental degradation, and over against it to sug- gest the new and transforming conception of God and the world which the Christian religion conveys to the African mind.

Carlyle has said: "What notion each forms of the universe is the all-regulating fact with regard to him." There are two !lntithetical con- ceptions of nature-that of the unsophisticated child-man, like the Afri- can, and that of the ultra-sophisticated product of civilization, such as Herbert Spencer. According to the former, all is Will and there is no law; according to the latter, all is law and there is no Will. The Chris- tian conception is the synthesis of these two. Nature is the product of a single Mind, and its laws the operation of an immanent Will. As Browning expresses it: "All's love, yet all's law."

Looking out upon nature the child-mind of the African discovers no reign of law. Since will is the cause that he knows by experience, he instinctively attributes natural phenomena to a personal will; not to one will, however, but to many, according to the infinite variety in natural phenomena.

To this chaotic conception of. nature we must add another idea of fearful import. It is only to the reflecting mind that nature seems benef- icent. Her greatest forces, her constant ministry, are not obvious. A man thinks more of one month of sickness than eleven months of health j he is more observ:ant of the storm than of sunshine, more conscious of adversity than prosperity. The laws of health-for instance, the tend- ency of the cut finger to heal and the broken bone to knit; the laws of growth, the ministry of nature's fertility-all nature's kindness is unob- trusive, while her cruelty arrests the attention because it is her unaccus- tomed mood. The African derives his conception of nature from the devastating tornado, from the scarcity of meat and the hard work neces- sary to procure his food, from sickness that disables him, and death that bereaves him of his friends. It is, therefore, a part of his philosophy that the myriad spirits that rule nature and reside within it are evil and are at enmity with him. They may be placated, and even rendered favor- able, but a far greater number are hostile; and the motive of his worship is not devotion, but fear. He worships the spirits of his ancestors that he may obtain their help against all other spirits. .

If then we would understand the African we must bear in mind his conception that, since innumerable warring spirits preside over nature, therefore uniformity and constancy are not to be expected. The rain- bow, he says, is a serpent, which has the power of making itself visible or invisible at will. If a mountain disappear behind the clouds he be- lieves that a spirit who inhabits the mountain has removed it and brings

DARK SIDE OF THE DARK

it back when the sun shines. At the utterance of a magic word a ship may sink, a house may fall, a man be reduced to physical and mental im- potence.

When Du Chaillu visited a certain town in which the people had never before seen a white man, they regarded him as a spi.rit, and de- clared that a great rock near the town had been moved by him. But when smallpox broke out in their midst and followed Du Chaillu with the persistency of fate, they did not doubt that he had caused it and made no effort to protect themselves against contagion. They regarded him with increasing fear and hostility until at last he and his party fled from the natives who pursued him with poisoned arrows. But they soon de- sisted from the pursuit; for, they declared, their arrows rebounded harm- less from his body, and sometimes even passed through him and did him no injury.

Nevertheless, the native is no fool. He is true to his philosophy of nature; but his philosophy is wrong. He knows nothing of the doctrine of one divine Intelligence presiding over all nature, whose laws are constant and uniform.

The very axioms of the African's belief obliterate the line between nature . and the super- natural, and habitual lying makes the character of truth vague and uncertain. He has an imagination as vivid as reality; we may under- stand something of the degraded mental condition by such character- istic incidents as the following: A man dying in the hospital at Gaboon turns his solemn, beauti- A TYPE OF CONGO NATIVE ful eyes towards one who sits be- Note the tribal marks on the face, made with side him, and tells in confidence a knife raising the skin what has brought about his death.

It is strange how approaching death, as if to testify to man's divine origin in the hour of his most appalling defeat, dignifies the countenance of the . lowest with a mysterious dignity that transcends all differences of color and races.. This dying man relates that some weeks past, having gone on a journey, and during the night having wondered what his friends at home might be doing, he thought he would visit Gaboon, leaving his body while his spirit alone traveled through the air. But on the way he met a company of spirits making a similar journey, one of whom was an enemy,

who, recognizing him, gave him a fatal thrust in the side. He quickly returned to his body; but in the morning he felt the weakness resulting from the fatal stroke, and from that day had grown weaker and weaker, until death was now upon him.

A certain man, evidently without the slightest intention of untruth- fulness, tells how journeying one day in the forest he had met two strange men who, by fetish power, had thrown him to the ground, had opened his body, and removing his intestines, had stuffed him with dry grass instead, which would have injured him for life, butthat a doctor o( his own tribe found him, reopened him, removed the hay and put real intestines in its place. I knew a man in Gaboon of whom the whole community believed that he frequently changed himself into a leopard, in order to steal sheep or to avenge himself upon his enemies. This particular man denied that he had any such power. But sometimes men confess or claim that they themselves possess it; and in some cases they seem to believe it. It was in a village near Gaboon that a broken-hearted chief once told Du Chaillu that his son, who had been his joy and hope, had been accused of killing two men of the town by turning into a leopard. The old man at first passionately defended his son. But to his horror the son, stepping forward, confessed the charge, and that he had indeed transformed himself into a leopard and killed the two men-he did not know why. With the chief's consent the son was burned to death over a slow fire. And the sight of that horrible death was ever in the old man's eyes.

A man walking in the forest usually carries suspended from his neck a medicine, contained in a goat's horn, the effect of which is to make him invisible to an enemy, even if he should meet him in the path. * Another fetish, somewhat similar, will turn the bullets of an enemy's guns into water-if the enemy should see him and shoot at him. And he may carry still another fetish which, if danger overtake him, will whistle in his town, however far away, and summon his friends to his help. It is obvious that several of these fetishes are superfluous if the others are to be relied upon. The native therefore does not fully trust his fetishes. And besides, there is always the fear that some enemy may have a stronger fetish than his own.

More important than these are his witch-medicines, which hang in his house to protect him against witchcraft in the night. One of these builds an invisible fire around him while he sleeps-invisible to all but witches-and through that fire no witch can pass. Another accomplishes the same purpose by changing his flimsy bamboo hut into a house of solid stone with thick walls and having neither doors nor windows. It looks like the same bamboo hut, and he can still see through the cracks, but in reality it is a house of solid stone. If he were cultivated he would probably affirm that this miracle of transubstantiation takes place not in the accidents but in the essence of the bamboo.

• The word "medicine" and the word "fetish" are interchangeable, being translations of the same native word. It is the living spirit in a medicine that effects the result.

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But the most powerful and most sacred of all his fetishes is the ancestral relic, possessed by every grown man. It is the skull of the father or other ancestral relation. Here fetishism becomes ancestorworship. The skull is the residence of the dead father, and if it be treated well, that is, kept in a warm and dry place, the father will confer almost every kind of favor. His other fetishes are compelled to obey him. If they occasionally become rebellious he will pU'.1ish them-often by hanging them in smoke. Most fetishes have a horror of smoke . But the ancestral fetish he never punishes. Indeed, if he, neglect it the ancestor may punish him. Many a hunter's gun has refused to fire just at the critical moment because of such neglect.

THE AFRICAN'S KNOWLEDGE OF GOD The African speaks of a God, who made all things. But he con- ceives of God as a very big African chief with a great many wives.

Some of their fables in which God figures are not repeatable. He re- gards men and women with con- tempt, and as a rule ignores them.

They, therefore, regard Him with neither love nor fear, and they do A FETISH WORSHIPPED IN WEST AFRICA not worship Him. ..

The task of the missionary is, first of all, to make known God's character, and thento inject the idea of God into nature. He does both by presenting Jesus Christ. The African gets an entirely new conception of God when he looks into the face of Christ and hears Him say: "Who- soever hath seen me hath seen the Father." His first lesson on nature he also learns from Jesus. Jesus stills the storm on Galilee, and the value of the miracle for the African, and for us, is not the wonder of it, but the lesson that the Father is present in all storms and always rules the sea and the wind, which are not under the control of demons. Jesus heals the leper, and we learn God's power over all disease, and that a loving Will afflicts and heals. He raises Lazarus from the dead, and reveals that even death is never in the hands of a malignant foe, but under the control of a sympathetic power. The thought of the African is com- pletely r'eversed by this revelation of God. Nature is not the result of myriad spirits hostile to himself, but the product of one single Mind, and its laws the expression of a constant and loving Will. It is as if the forked lightning at which he trembles in the darkness should flash upon the storm-cloud the word Father-transforming fear into faith.

A certain native named Toko, of the Mpongwe tribe of Gaboon, who had been for some years a Christian, went back into the interior among the Fang, preaching the Gospel. The Fang were notorious robbers, who, at every opportunity, plundered the cargo of traders as it passed in boats up and down the river. One day while Taka was preaching some one interrupting him said: "I don't believe that God is good, as you say. If so, why did He make this river so crooked that in order to reach the coast we have to travel nearly twice the straight distance?"

"My friend," replied Toko, "God knew that you wicked Fang were going to live along this river, and that you would plunder passing boats; and He made the river crooked so that you can't see the boat coming until it is so near that you have not time to get out to it before it is past."

Whatever we may think of the teleology, observe the underlying attitude toward nature, and the radical change of view it implies. God is over nature, which is therefore under law, is sympathetic towards man, and working on the side of righteousness-a view that dooms fetishism and witchcraft.

After a few years of persistent work and patient waiting, I saw scores and scores of such people mentally and morally transformed; and more marvelous was the result from such a beginning. It is truly astonishing how the African mind, despite its crude materialism and its degradation, grasps ultimately the spirituality of God and the spiritual nature of true worship. Let one instance suffice for illustration: The women of West Africa, in preparing their food (the cassava, called also "manioc") bury it in the ground beside a stream for several days. A fellow missionary, one day examining an old woman who presented herself for baptism, and careful lest she might regard the water of baptism as a fetish, asked her a question regarding its significance, to which she replied: "When I bury my food in the ground I mark the place. What use would the mark be if there were no food there? Baptism is but the mark: God dwells in the heart."

THE MORAL DEGRADATION IN AFRICA Alum, forty miles from the coast, was one of the largest towns on the Gaboon, and was the dividing line between the people of the coast, who had long been in contact with civilization, and the wholly uncivilized people of the interior. The venerable chief of Alum boasted the ra're distinction of a beard. He wore it in a single tight braid, tied at the end with a string as venerable as the beard itself. At my departure he came forward and assured me of his good will by solemnly taking my hand in his and spitting in it. The theory of this beautiful custom is that the native means only to blow with his breath, symbolic of imparting a blessing, and that the spitting is incidental, a "by-product"-so to speak -of the blessing.

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That night, as we lay at anchor in the middle of the swift-rolling river, with the moonshine lying in silver ringlets across its surface, the boat-boys asked old Sonia to tell them a story. Sonia was a white-haired old man with the heart of a child. He had as many stories as Uncle Remus, of whom he often reminded me; but his best stories were the incidents and adventures of his own life. When a young man he had lived as a trader at this Fang town, Alum, opposite which we were anchored. He told us about a bat- r=~' =..-=~~"""'=""'–=;"""""__;;;;;;;;;;,, tle he had witnessed, which was fought upon the river at this very place where we lay; a battle between Alum and another town which then stood on the .opposite bank, but of which nothing now remained.

Alum was already old at the time of the war, but the other town was new, the people having come re- cently from the far interior, being driven forward by the hostility of more powerful clans behind. There was no quarrel between the towns; but the people of Alum thought it would be good policy, and extreme- ly virtuous, to practise bravery by making war upon their new neigh- bors at the very beginning, while they still had them at considerable disadvantage in the matter of num- bers.

First, I believe, they stole a woman. Then followed a guerrilla warfare, in which each side killed as they had opportunity, waylaying individuals, or rushing from am- A DEGRADING INFLUENCE bush upon a party of venturesome A native dancing woman in full t1ndr ess stragglers. In this way a number were killed on each side; and the war, which was first undertaken without any serious motive, was soon prosecuted with feelings of deadly hate and a purpose of revenge. Every night, from each town, the wail of mourning for the dead was wafted across the river and curses were mingled with the mourning.

At length one canoe attacked another in the river, where they had been fishing. Immediately, other canoes came to their help and still others, ever so many of them, pushing off rapidly from each side until all the men of the two towns, young and old, were in the middle of the river, where they fought to a finish. When fighting in canoes, whatever

other weapons they may have, they carry a small battle-ax, which is used especially to prevent the capsizing of the canoe by those who are already in the water. Sonia told how, again and again, they severed a man's hand at a blow, or completely disabled him. They swim so well that they could still make a strong fight after being capsized. The battle was long, and the river ran red with their blood. Those who were killed were carried by the curr~nt out to the sea to feed the,sharks.

The people of the new town lost. Those of them who were left pulled down their town and moved to another place. In- a few years nothing remained of it but one or two skeletons with the grass growing through their ribs. But for years afterwards the superstitious native, passing along the river in the dead of night, heard again the noise of battle-fierce cries and dying groans. And whenever this sound is heard, they say, again the river runs ted like blood.

One incident of the war, prior to the final battle, I recall, as Sonia told it that night.

The people of Alum captured a man of the other side and his son, a little boy. They bound the father, and before his eyes deliberately killed his son-and ate his flesh. The main motive of cannibalism, under such circumstances, would be neither wanton cruelty nor a vicious appetite, but fetishism. By eating one of their number they render the enemy powerless to do them any further injury. Some time afterwards they slew the father. But already they had broken his heart, and with hands uplifted he welcomed the death-blow.

The whole story, with its inhuman cruelty, was the more impressive because of the striking contrast of Sonia's own character. The emotion with which he told it indicated how his heart had been wrung. He said not a word about any effort of his to dissuade the people from their wickedness, but I knew him well, and I was confident that the part he had taken was not unheroic. Sonia was one of the first, and one of the best, of the native Christians.

Yet the African is not wantonly cruel. He is by nature affectionate. But he is the victim of a false iqeal. He exaggerates the virtue of courage. Courage is identified with manhood, and all other virtues recede in the perspective of character except as they support courage. I repeat that the African is by nature affectionate, but he is disposed to regard his affection as weakness, and certainly not necessary to manhood. According to this ideal of courage, woman,-who in all lands represents the gentler virtues, devotion, compassion, patience,-woman is contemptible. And thus relegated to a place of inferiority and contempt, woman sinks to a lower level of degradation than man. Unmitigated cruelty is the characteristic of the men; revolting licentiousness, the characteristic of the women. Both are victims of a false ideal and the lack of a moral standard.

Character is further demoralized by three factors, that one may

DARK SIDE OF THE DARK

mention. First: Since man has no noble origin, no divine kinship, he has no inherent dignity that would distinguish him essentially from other animals.

Second: Since his religious belief and worship are predominated by fear-the fear of hostile spirits, and the fear that any or every man around him may have a stronger fetish than his own-the conse- quent attitude of man toward man is distrust.

Third: His destiny is not hopeful or ennobling; death is an evil, and the future life is as bad as this life, or worse.

Their licentiousness is not to be described, but I would speak of their cruelty. Having so Iowan estimate of human nature, human life is cheap. In those tribes that are beyond the immediate re- straints of the foreign governments, it is said that nineteen out of twenty persons die by violence. This ac- counts for the surprisingly sparse population of Africa.

Many of this number are killed in war, which is a chronic condition. Most wars begin with the stealing of a woman by a man of another tribe or village. As a rule the women aL"e glad to be stolen. One woman whom I knew gave as a reason for such an elope- ment, that her husband was so homely she could not live with him.

Not long before I left Africa, dur- ing a certain war which began with the stealing of a woman, after many persons had been killed, a ANOTHER CAUSE OF DARKNESS young man named Minkoa, a bright An African witch doctor young fellow, manly and hopeful, was out in the forest hunting, when he was suddenly. shot by one of a party who were hiding along the path. Minkoa's sister was married to the very man who shot him, and they had been intimate friends and had visited much together, but the man did not know that it was Minkoa when he fired the shot in the dark forest. Having wounded him, and

seeing him fall to the ground, he sprang forward to complete the work, and in that moment recognized his friend and brother, Minkoa. With a cry of grief he fell beside the wounded man and with his own body would have saved him from further injury, but the rest of his party having come up, they flung him aside with a curse, and standing over Minkoa, fairly riddled his body with bullets. Compassion, or affection, under such circumstances, is a weakness and must be suppressed as incompatible with real manliness.

But it is supposed that at least as many Africans are put to death· for witchcraft as are killed in war. The African seems hardly to conceive that there is any such thing as a natural death. Even if a man is killed in war some one may be charged with having bewitched him. For, without doubt, he wore a fetish for safety, but a witch had broken the spell of the fetish. It is dreadfully significant that his wives are the first to be charged with his death. Except in the immediate vicinity of the foreign governments, wives convicted of witchcraft are usually buried alive with the dead body of the husband. In one town that I knew, not far from the present Elat, twenty women, wives of one man, having been charged with his death, were thus buried alive with his body. An enormous grave is dug, and the body placed in the middle. The women's legs are broken and they are thrown into the grave, while drums are beaten furiously to drown their cries.

The African belief regarding death is demoralizing. The universal human shrinking from the dead, with them, becomes terror, and takes the form of a belief that the dead will do them harm, even their own relations. Therefore, while some are wailing the mourning dirge to appease the dead, others sometimes beat drums and shout and curse, that the dead one may be afraid to return. In certain tribes of the interior, conceiving that the spirit still has some connection with the body, they seek to disable it by burning the body, or by beating it with clubs and breaking the bones. Death is an unmitigated evil, and the dead are always wishing to be back in the flesh.

There is no doubt, however, that despite his cruelties, and beneath all his degradation, the African has a truly moral nature. The universal practice of the ordeal is evidence that he is essentially moral j though at first sight it would seem rather to indicate moral imbecility. Sometimes a hen is set on eggs and the accused person is adjudged guilty or innocent according as the greater number of chickens hatched are male or female. This is a mode of trial for less serious offences. More commonly in case of witchcraft a mild poison is administered to the accused in a drink. Sometimes it only produces vomiting and does him no harm. But if he is seized with vert!go and staggers, he is adjudged guilty. The notorious Calabar bean is widely used as an ordeal poison. Frequently both the accused and the accuser ar~ compelled to submit to the ordeal. In at least one African tribe, when one person charges another with certain

DARK SIDE OF THE DARK CONTINENT

serious offenses they are both (accused and accuser) tied to stakes some distance apart, on the brink of the river in the neighborhood of crocodiles, and whichever of the two is seized first is adjudged guilty. The other is then set free. The ordeal, therefore, is a form of judicial trial in which supernatural aid is relied upon to take the place of evidence and to determine guilt or innocence. And what does it imply? It implies an irrepressible instinct that wrong-doing deserves punishment, and that somewhere at the heart of the universe there is a moral power that connects guilt and retribution. So the African, knowing of no A CROWD OF AFRICANS WAITING FOR THE GOSPEL righteous God to execute justice, attributes wrath to the dumb forces of nature; these, he conceives, are in league against the wrong-doer and will execute vengeance.

And even more clearly does the African prove his moral nature by the ceremonies which he ha,s instituted for the relief of a sense of guilt. Blood is often used in these ceremonies; the fresh blood of fowls, or of sheep or goats. The people are seated on the ground, and the priest passing along pours the blood over their heads and shoulders. To most of them it is a mere ceremonial and removes the curse without reference to the heart. Such a scene often recalled the observation of George Adam Smith, that the essence of heathenism is not idolatry but ritualism. M any of them shrink from the blood, lowering their heads to keep it off their faces. But I recall an occasion when one poor woman, having confessed that she had killed her slave in anger and that she had since known no peace, welcomed the blood with eager upturned face and

eyes of infinite longing, in the spirit of that disciple who said: "Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head."

But in nothing else does the African reveal his essentially moral nature more than in his immediate recognition and acceptance of the character of Jesus as the human ideal, although it is an ideal that traverses all his former conceptions, that antagonizes his dearest social customs and condemns that conduct which has been his very boast. Jesus is so immediately understood by the African that we are often asked whether Jesus was a black man. He recognizes the character of Jesus as the authoritative standard, even while he refuses to conform to it; and its authority is based wholly on his perception of its intrinsic superiority. He finds in Jesus the complete definition of his own con- sCience.

CHRIST, THE LIGHT OF THE AFRICAN To this all but hopeless ruin of humanity Christ imparts a new con- ception of man, destined soon to become a governing principle and to create a new society; a new conception, first, of the dignity of man's nature, derived from his kinship with God; second, of the possibilities of his character, revealed in the character of Jesus himself; third. of the greatness of his destiny can only be described in the extreme language of rhapsody. It is not wonderful that this new conception of man should be morally transforming; that, for instance, it should impress even the African mind with the sanctity of human life.

Cannibalism disappears as soon as the Gospel becomes intelligible; and long before they accept it as individuals. A war arose between two villages on the Gaboon, in a community where the missionary had preached not more than a year, for the people had recently come from the far interior, where cannibalism was commonly practiced in war and was their boast. The town making the attack came on a very dark night, intending to set fire to the other town; which only required that the blaze be started in one place, the houses being so close that all must burn together. They were led by two young men whom I knew. While the rest of the party were hiding, these two, going forward, saturated the thatch roof of the first house with ke];'osene, and were striking a match, when the noise was heard by the man inside. He quietly arose, moving stealthily as a cat, opened the door, and discovered the two young men standing a few yards in front of him. He took deliberate aim and fired twice. One man fell dead instantly; the other, frightfully wounded, reached his friends, who put him in a canoe and took him back to his town, where he died a few days later. I have said that one of the two fell in the street. A few years before, they would eagerly have devoured thtf body, both as a feast, and as a fetish protection against the enemy. For cannibalism is a part of fetishism. The fetish belief still remained strong as ever, but they revolted from the practice; and having cut the body in pieces and boiled it, they smeared the grease upon their foreheads and breasts, hoping that it would thus avail for their protection. But they did not taste it. In former times they would boast of eating an enemy; now, these same people are ashamed to confess it, and it is the most offensive charge that one town can make against another. Surely it is ideas, and not bullets, that rule the world. Cannibalism is being abolished, even as slavery has been abolished, and as war (we hope) will soon be abolished, at the instance of the same idea -the Christian estimate of the worth of a man.

A service among such people, who had not learned the etiquette of Christian worship, was seldom lacking in elements of sensationalism, or even in occurrences that were slightly shocking. In the middle of the sermon, a chief interrupting, says: "Vhite man, won't you please stop preaching and sing again? and won't you dance with your singing? I don't like singing without dancing, and I don't like preaching at all." . But if ever I am tempted to yield to discouragement I think of such Christians as Sonia, and marvel at the results of a few years. Or, I think of Lucina, an Mpongwe woman. Lucina's husband, preferring a dissolute life of drunkenness and polygamy, left her with five young children, and very poor. But when he accepted a dowry for their daughter and sent a portion of it to Lucina, she sent it back to him say- ing that 'if he had sold their daughter for a price, her conscience would not allow her to share it with him. I think of Ntyango, also an Mpongw~-of his Christlike gentle- ness, and his solicitude for those who had not heard the Gospel. NtyaWgo died about the time I went to Gaboon, and was buried in the mission graveyard. Some years afterwards the workmen were cutting grass in the graveyard. Among them was a Fang man of the interior named Biyoga, whom Ntyango had taught to read when he was a small boy. As Biyoga was cutting grass and occasionally spelling out the names on the tombstones he found Ntyango's name on one of them. Sacred memories stirred the heart of the wild Fang. The next day he came to me and told me that since the days, long ago, when he had known Ntyango he had never met another man like him. All the time since finding his name and while working beside his grave he had been thinking of him, recalling his kindness to the Fang, especially to the children, and his Christian teaching, and now he wished only to be the kind of man that Ntyango was.

Throughout the length and breadth of darkest Africa there are such men and such women-an ever-increasing multitude-who are daily offering the same prayer as Christians in all other lands: "Thy kingdom come!" And it has the same meaning to all. It is a prayer that the spirit of Christ-the spirit of love and self-sacrifice, the spirit of Calvary-may become infinitely dominant in the hearts of men..

A VIEW OJ:II THE 'pANAMA CANAL ZONE AT

The result of the United States Government physical sanitation and construction

on "·The Zone"

The Spiritual Needs in a Government Monopoly BY REV. SIDNEY S.·CONGER, BALBOA, PANAMA Some conception of the moral and spiritual needs of the Panama Canal Zone is given here by the pastor of the Ame,·iean Church. Christians of America {lre responsible for giving the Gospel to this isthmus.-EDl'IoR.

T HE Panama Canal Zan.e, or, as its inhabitants universally call it, "The Zone," is scarcely less remarkable as a community than it is geographically. It is technically a part of the Republic of Panama, yet there is no part of the United States,. not even the District of Columbia, which so completely belongs to our Federal Government as does "the Zone" j for every square foot of its land is held in title by the United States government, and no other title can be acquired by any individual or corporation.

It is a community of persons under one employment-that of the United States. The Navy, the Army, the Panama Canal, the Panama Railroad, all these are but departments of Uncle Sam's business. Furthermore, it is a community with but one concern: the great watery highway along whose banks it extends, from ocean to ocean. The soldier and the naval sailor are there to protect it. The officials and the clerical staff are there to administer it, to collect its dues, to pay its bills. The pilots, the railroad'men, the machinists, the operators of the great coaling plants and dry docks, the ship-fitte!"s, the boiler makers, the many other mechanics, ate there to care' for the vessels that use it; and the men of the locks and of the dredging division are there to keep it open. And the men of the municipal division, the building division, and the Quartermaster's department are there to look after the people who look after the Canal, while the same may be said of the doctors a and nurses, dentists and ministers. Again, our Zone community is unique in that it is population transferred from its home environment and planted in another; not by a gradual emigration, but by one great political and economic stroke, carrying a language and institutions of its own into the midst of an alien land. For the language of the Zone is English, its unskilled laborers are British subjects, black or colored; its skilled laborers, its administrators and its protectors are American citizens.

The Zone, once more, is unique as a sort of State-Socialistic experiment under American supervision. Almost everything is done by the government. The individual cannot own land or houses. He cannot open a shop or rent rooms, though he may offer the free hospitality of

THE NEW AMERICAN BIBLE HOUSE ON THE "ZONE"

his home. His house, apartment, or bed in a room, are assigned him. He buys his supplies from the Commissary. If his electric light fails, he telephones the electrical division. If his door-key is lost, dr his wife decides that she wants different furniture or a new house, he calls up the Quartermaster. Should his boy sprain his ankle, he applies to the official doctor at the Dispensary. Should he seek amusement, he finds it provided at the nearest club house. His meals, unless he keeps house, he secures at a hotel conducted by the administration. If he has an automobile, it must be kept in a government garage.

Almost the only thing the government does not provide for him is a church, and there is some provision even for that. The largest of the army posts have chaplains, and the two big hospitals at Ancon and at Colon Beach each have two-a Roman Catholic and an Episco- palian. In general, however, the Zone civilian is left to provide his own moral and religious environment as best he may. The typical white Zone resident is American-born, young and vig- orous, with open eye and mind, and a purpose of getting on in the world, equally keen at work or play, and with all the normal passions and appetites of youth. ~specially does he need the Christian faith, because he is subjected not only to the ordinary temptations and dangers of his age but to many others as well.

First: He feels the relaxing influence of a humid tropical climate on his Northern physique, temperament and will.

ON "THE ZONE"

. THE BIBLE SOCIETY B. OAT FOR T.HE PANAMA CANAL Second: He lacks the conservative influences of home, of wide and long-established acquaintance and reputation, and of well-supported and well-known institutions, strengthened by sacred and tender associations. He generally expects to live only a. brief time on the Zone, and cannot plan there a permanent home of his own.

Third: He lives in proximity to the Panamanian cities of Panama and Colon. These towns have stood at the half-way house of a great trade route since the discovery of the American Continent. Black, white, red and yellow races mingle in their streets an'd in their blood and their general moral tone is lax and low.

Their vice districts are large, conspicuous and appalling in the depth of their degradation. They offer to the young American, newly come from his home in the United States, all the fascination of the exotic, the unexpected, the different.

The home standards, if to him they have been mere conventions or external rules, will now seem to his suddenly expanded· vision merely provincial. He rarely stops to ask himself how much these new, loose, free customs may have to do with the inferiority which characterizes the population. His strength must lie in standards, not of external application, but of his own heart and soul and mind-vital and fundamental conVictIOns. Here is the pre-eminent need of the young Zone American, soldier, sailor, machinist or civil servant; man, woman or adolescent.

We believe that in Jesus Christ may be found exactly the strength,

the vision, the wisdom, needed as a preventive. And so Christian men and women on the Canal Zone set up for themselves a little more than three years ago a Union Church.

It is organized in a Collegiate form. One executive committee for the whole Zone supervises the work in all its general features, and local committees in each church-direct local matters. There are four organized churches, with regular services every Sunday. There are six Sunday-schools. Two or three Sunday-schools at military posts which have no chaplains owe their foundation largely to Union Church effort; and Union Church energy helps to support evening song services with occasional addresses at these -points. Three pastors are employed, who must be regularly ordained ministers in good standing in Evangelical churches. It is hoped soon to employ a fourth.

Services are held in various buildings, the use of which is granted by the Government. In most cases it is only a partial use, and in nearly all the housing is inadequate, inconvenient, or both. This is the great present difficulty of the organization.

The five school buildings now under construction on the Zone are estimated to cost $550,000, ranging from $200,000 at Balboa to $4-3,000 at Gatun.

The Roman Catholics of the United States, with local assistance, have provided at Balboa a building consistent with these structures.

The Southern Baptists of the United States, the only Protestants to establish a denominational work for whites, have a neat concrete building at Balboa Heights.

But the very unity which makes the great Protestant organization of the Zone self-supporting, makes it impossible for the church to receive denominational funds. Its wage-earning and salaried people, without a single capitalist, cannot furnish the cash for buildings, and the work of the organization is consequently much hampered.

The white civilian population of the Zone is about ten thousand, divided as follows: (I) BALBOA, 3,400; (2) CRISTOBAL, 2,500; (3) ANCON, 1,800; (4) PEDRO MIGUEL and PARAISO, 1,400; (5) GATUN, 1,100.

The largest army posts have chaplains. An active mission for Spanish-speaking people is maintained in Panama proper by the Methodist Church, with an English service at the Sea Wall Church. There is a close co-operation between this work and that of the Union Church. The latter organization, which ministers to the needs of nine-tenths of the Protestant portion of the white civilians, is also aiding several mis- -sions, and at least three chaplainless army posts.

Christians in the United States should not leave out of their thought these brothers of ours on the new big outpost at the great ocean cross-roads of the Western Hemisphere.

SOME CHINESE STUDENTS IN

"Entertaining Angels Unawares"

A Christmas with Chinese Maidens in America D URING the year 1917 America has ,entertained many dis" tinguished guests from Europe ,and the Orient. , Picturesque and important embassies have honored us, emphasizing by their: coming the new spirit of internationalism which is to usher in the era of peace and good-will. Many of our guests have come on important errands, not merely to exchange fraternal greetings, but the spirit manifested in the welcome to them cannot fail to ,have its effect in establishing friendship.

For many years there have been other groups of Orientals coming quietly and unannounced to our shores. They have not always been welcomed, as they should have been, owing to prejudice and to stupid legislation. And yet we trust that the Oriental students who have been coming for three decades to study in American colleges have not gone back without some appreciation of our interest and sympathy. '

Still farther back in the nineteenth century is the tenderly beautiful story of N eesima, the lonely, friendless Japanese boy, who, without introduction, walked into the heart and home of the Boston merchant~ Alpheus Hardy, and later took his name. Joseph Hardy Neesima gained much from his years of study in Amherst College and in Andover

Seminary. He gained far mor~ from the personal friendship and family life of the Christian gentleman, Alpheus Hardy. The story of the great university founded in Japan shows the marvelous influence that Neesima exerted on the life of his nation, and we wonder if there did not come to his benefactor as great joy and blessing as to the lad he befriended.

With the advent of larger groups of Oriental students in American colleges, there is· danger that they may, because of their very numbers, have fewer opportunities for intimate and friendly relations with the people of America. There are clubs and conferences and a natural. grouping together of Oriental students, with a lessening of their need for the hospitality of American homes. We are losing delightful opportunities for friendships and we cannot afford to miss the possibilities of a clear understanding of these neighbors of ours. They are our allies, who are fighting the fight for democracy with us, and they may become our allies in freeing the world for the great Liberator of souls of men.

That wise statesman with imagination, John Hay, applied the Golden Rule to international relations. He conceived of generous and fair treatment and a basis of friendliness as of greater value than an uhwilling indemnity wrested from a defeated foe. He refused to take advantage of China's misfortune and influenced our nation to return the indemnity fund paid us after the Boxer rebellion. China, with imagination and idealism equal to that of Mr. Hay, applied this fund to a cementing of the friendship by sending groups of students to America for their education. She also built the great Indemnity College near Pekin, where American professors and teachers interpret science, literature and western thought. Unfortunately, we have not always appreciated the opportunities China has given us to meet her representative young men and some have gone back to say, "I was in America for a term of years. I never was invited into it Christian home or welcomed to a Christian church."

With the coming of the first group of Chinese girls under the Indemnity Fund, the Young Women's Christian Association prepared the way by the appointment of a special secretary, Miss Margaret Burton, to act as friend and adviser for Oriental women students. Miss Burton has established most cordial relations with them. They love her and confide in her. She has also introduced them to homes where they have been welcomed during their holidays.

Of the ten girls of the first group, who came from China in the year 1914, all were Christians, and all but one had graduated from schools founded by American missionaries. Those who know those two fine schools, MacTyere, in Shanghai, arid Laura Haygood, in Saochow, are not surprised that in the competitive examinations for all China, most of the successful candidates were sent up from these two institutions of the Southern Methodist Board. The girls came to America under the care

"ENTERTAINING ANGELS UNAWARES"

of Dr. Wong, a representative of the Government of China stationed in Washington. They are required to spend a year in certain of our best preparatory schools before entering college.

One New England home was honored with the presence of six of this group during their first Christmas holidays, and will never lose the de- lightful memories of acquaintance with them. As they met their un- known hostess on Beacon Hill, Christmas eve, 19 I 4, they were overjoyed to see again school friends from whom they had been separated on their arrival in America. The community Christmas tree on Boston Common first attracted their attention, and they were fascinated with gay shop windows and displays of decorations and gifts. There was only just time for dinner at the Club when the bells of the Church of the Advent rang out for the glorious Christmas music. After the service came the carols on Beacon Hill, for on Christmas eve Boston becomes a country village again in the renewal of its beautiful old customs. Then Christmas eve must see our Chinese friends on the train and out into the country where they were to spend a real New England Christmas. The snow was falling on the pines and the bells were striking midnight as they came into. the fire-light of hOlJle, the first home in America that these girls had seen. They found six scarlet stockjngs hung by the chimney and sprays of mistletoe over the doors, and then, still chattering eagerly in English and Chinese, six tired, happy maidens were tucked into bed. The stockings were filled, and not until one o'clock was the entire h~use­ hold at rest. In the early dawn they were awakened by exquisite music. Angelic voices seemed to unite in wonderful harmony.

"Joy to the World, the Lord has Come, Let Earth prepare Him room,"

sang these angels in Chinese, and then after a pause came that exquisite hymn, "Silent Night, Holy Night."

As the last verse died away each heart echoed the line, truly, "Jesus, our Saviour is here." Christmas had dawned in a new and beautiful fashion. The music ceased, the angels fled back for another nap before breakfast, but some of us could not sleep for joy that the Lord had come and had spoken in that American home through these Christian girls of China. L~ter there was a Christmas tree and more singing, and aNew England Christmas dinner.

The days slipped by with holiday festivities and many invitations. Some of the girls had unusual tastes, and when they were given their choice of entertainment, one eagerly suggested a visit to the "Imbecile school," explaining to the bewildered hostess: "You know there is the most wonderful sChool for the feeble-minded near Boston. We are so anxious to learn their method, for we have no such school in all China and there are so many of those helpless little children." Two were eager to see the schools for the blind, the deaf, and still another with medical aspirations could not restrain her joy over a promised X-ray demonstration in a Boston hospital.

. These girls, guests at the table of our nation, are thinking not of how they are to serve themselves, but of what they may carry back to the hungry and needy in China. They are studying medicine, dentistry, social service, music, physical culture and domestic science. Many are preparing to be teachers, others are hoping to develop a Christian litera- ture in China, and all a're intensely interested in the novel features of our we American homes and sodallife. We confess that had wondered a little 'whether a ten days' vi~it might not be a strain. It might have been with strenuous American col- lege girls, but such were the charm and gentleness of these Chinese vis- itors that we have been delighted to repeat the experience.

At a house party last summer the ten girls in the accompanying picture made a real "Rosebud garden of girls," and the China rose, sweet and old-fashioned, need not fear comparison with the American Beauty. We earnestly hope our Chinese guests will not make the mistake of imi- . tating what is least desirable in American dress and customs. They are not oilly witty and well mannered, but are most attractive in their dainty modest Chinese dress. Their Christianity is real and apparent. They won all hearts, 'and kind neighbors were eager to assist in entertaining them. To each of the ten Chinese mothers went across the sea the photo- gra'ph of their daughters in the garden, with a letter from a mother whose own daughter is in a far country and who knows that God made all mothers' hearts from the same pattern. Should not the Christian mothers in America be true allies to those mothers of the East who have 'so bravely sent their daughters to our care?

Long ago "Wise Men from. the East" followed the star until "it came and stood over the place where the young child lay." There were angels and shepherds and a Heavenly song, that first Christmas night in Bethlehem. The star moves westward now,. and these from the East seeking wisdom have followed it over the sea into this strange new country. May they not fail to find among us a loving welcome, doors wide open, and in our homes the Child, the Mother and the light of the Christmas star.

A SEQUEL FROM A CHINESE MOTHER To THE SISTER WHO LOVES My DAUGHTER AND ME: I am going to write you a few lines, I thank you very much indeed for your kindness towards my child dfld me. Although we ar·e of a different nationality, yet we are all sisters through Jesus Christ who died for us, thus making the people of the whole worM His sisters and brothers.

A lthough I cannot see you face to face, yet I have been thinking of you very often. To me prayer IS a means of communication with faraway friends through God. May God bless you.

You asked me why I was willing to let my daughter go so far away from home.

It is opportunity. I could never support her if she had not taken and passed the government examinations. Then there is our HeavenlyIfather who will guide her, no matter where she is. You were brave, too, to have let your daughter go so far.

We, as mothers, have the same comfort in trusting our Lord for our daughters. …

.Sincerely yours, MRS. LI CHEUNG.

the Jews of

BY THE REV. ISAAC LEVINSON, F.R.G.S., LONDON L ITHUANIA lies on the shores of the Baltic Sea, and comprises several Of the western provinces of Russia and of the northeast- ern parts of Poland and Russia. It originally embraced only the "way-wade ships" of Wilna and Troki, but in its palmy days during the 13th and 14th centuries it extended its borders until it stretched from' the Baltic to the Black Sea. In the 16th century its territory to the south and southeast became more restricted, but it formed a 'compact State which included Polotski, MoghiIef, Minsk, Grodno, Kovno, Wilna and Brest, and stretched as far south as Chernigov.

Originally, a grand duchy, its dukes were frequently kings of Poland, so that Lithuania was more or less closely identified with Polish politics, until in 1659 the duchy was merged in the Kingdom of Poland. The third partition of that Kingdom, in 1705, brought Lithuania under the dominion of the Russian Empire, where it has remained until today. The Lithuanians, who number about three millions, are an agricultural people, the trade in the towns being generally carried on by Jews, Germans and Poles.

Little is known of the origin of Lithuania's large Jewish population. There is evidence that two distinct streams of immigration were respon-' sible for it; the earlier apparently coming from the East,. while the later, originating in the 12th century, was largely the result of the persecution which the Jews of Germany had undergone at the hands of the crusaders.

During a considerable part of their history the Jews of Lithuania enjoyed a large measure of prosperity, and in religious freedom fared far better than their Polish and German co-religionists. Many of their Grand Dukes were wise and tolerant. One of them, Alexander, called Witold, granted them in 1:3 88 a charter, whose provisions are instinct with the spirit of liberty. We may cite trom the 37 sections of the charter as given in the Jewish· Encyclopedia one or two which may be fairly regarded as representative.

. One section permitted them to buy and sell on the same footing as Christians. Another provision, to which special interest attaches in view of the hideous "blood accusation" so often brought against the Jews, is as follows: "Since the papal bulls show that Jews are forbidden by their own law to use human blood or any blood whatever, it is .forbidden to accuse Jews of using human blood. But in the case of a Jew accused of the murder of a Christian child, such accusation must be proved by three Christians and three Jews. If the Christian' accuser is unable to prove his accusation, he shall be subjected to the same punishment as would have been inflicted on the accused had his guilt been proven."

The lot of the Jews of Lithuania was not always as happy as when they lived under the beneficent rule of Witold. Little more than a cen- tury after-in 1495-an order was promulgated for their general ex- pulsion from the country, an order which did not long remain in force, for in 1503 they were permitted to return. So the fortunes of Lithuanian Jewry varied, until coming into union with Poland they shared the ex- perience of the Jews of that land. For the most part their history, since then, has been written in blood and tears.

Lithuania has ever been a stronghold of Jewish orthodoxy. The "reform" movement has never been encouraged there; but the Cabala, with its mysticism, its magic, and its superstition, has taken deep root in the land. This strange philosophy may and does exist in union with Talmudic Judaism. Formerly every Lithuanian Jew "was compelled by the communal elders to train his children in Talmudic lore, and the Tal- mud and its endless commentaries became the sale source of information and instruction." It is still the one great authority: colleges abound for the teaching of its doctrines; its rabbis are of the "straitest sect"; and the great mass of the people are still driven in their sorrows "to seek con- solation in the dry formalism of Talmudic precepts."

It is among this population, with its sore need of the Gospel, that the work of the British Jews' Society is carried on. Its headquarters are at Wilna, the capital of the district of that name, which in Hebrew literature is described as the Lithuanian Jerusalem. In normal times it has a population of about 100,000, of whom fully a third are Jews; but in the early days of the war the Jewish population was enormously increased by the influx of thousands of refugees.

Special interest attaches to the establishment of the British Society's Mission in this city. About 1884 the missionary in Warsaw took an itinerant journey through Lithuania, and was greatly impressed by his favorable reception in many_populous Jewish communities, and by the readiness with which Jews accepted the copies of the New Testament which he offered them. Many of them had never before even heard of such a book, and they re.ad it with eagerness. Returning to Warsaw the Missionary had evidence that the seed of the Word had borne fruit. One Jew, Ginsberg by name, wrote: "The reading of the New Testament you kindly granted me has awakened within me a new spirit. I am ready to suffer for Christ's sake." Others wrote in a similar vein and expressed the desire that a Mission be opened in the city.

Among those who thus received blessing from the study of the New Testament were three young men in one of the rabbinical academies. One knew that I was in England and had become a Christian, and I suspect that he had been in the habit of accompanying his use of my name with a few pious curses I Now, however, he began to bless, and wrote to express the earnest desire that we might send a missionary to Wilna. This seemed impossible, but the way was providentially opened when a friend,

WORSHIP IN

who heard of the open door, generously undertook to contribute $500 a year towards the cost of this mission. At the same time a Hebrew Christian, formerly a rabbinical student in Wilna, came to London and earnestly desired to labor among his brethren. Thus we were led both to the means and to the man for the new mission station.

The work extended in the course of time to Kovno, and both there and at Wilna great blessing attended the work of the missionaries. Converts of these missions are today preaching the Gospel in many parts of the world.

It may safely be stated that fully eighty per cent. of the Jewish population of Wilna do not know in the evening where they will obtain food the next morning. The services of a Christian doctor are naturally greatly appreciated by such a population; and Dr. P. Frohweill, who has been laboring there for many years, has won the affection of multitudes. In some cases whole families have been brought to Christ through his instrumentality.

There is an urgent call for a forward movement in Lithuania, where are many towns with huge Jewish populations that have no missionary. Unutterable sorrow has visited the Jews of this region in common with the Jews of other lands, where war drives its cruel ploughshare through homes and hearts. Be it ours to carry the sweet consolations of the Gospel of Christ to those who are now suffering this latest phase of the age- . long martyrdom of their race, and to witness-to them of One Who alone can bind up the broken of heart and heal their deep, incurable hurt. .

Devil Worship in Guatemala BY PAUL BURGESS, QUEZALTENANGO, GUATEMALA Missionary of. the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A W E have just had a terrible experience. A few nights ago . three of our finest young men, two of them members of our . congregation in this city, took advantage of the beautiful moonlight to scale the volcano, Santa Maria, at whose foot our city lies. With them went two Indian servants. They reached the top of the volcano without mishap and, tired out by the climb, lay down to sleep in a cave near the summit, expecting to awaken in time to see the glorious sunrise view which this mountain affords and to return to their homes in time for dinner. They thought they were alone on the summit, but no sooner were they well asleep than a company of Indian witch-doctors came up behind them, having seen them pass farther down the mountain. They came armed with guns, axes and machettes,and before their five victims were well awake had murdered them all. Their bodies were then thrown into the crater of the volcano as an offering to the spirit

which dwells there. The bodies were extricated from the crater with great difficulty two days later and brought here for burial. About thirty suspects are held in the jail, and it is probable that several of them will be shot very shortly. We had long known' that the witch- doctors threw babies into the volcano as an off~ring to the spirit. It was also known that a young Indian had recently taken his half sister up the mountain, a girl of about ten years, and returned :withbu't her. When tortured to confess what had become' of her, his orily answer had been that "the spirit had swallowed her." But these things" were 'happening among the Indians themselves, and'we did not tikemllch p.otice. Now that three of the finest young men of our city have perished, two of them foreigners, we are aroused and many are" forcrtnlri.ding all the witch- doctors up and killing them off in one gtand.,'hecatomb. . , But ther~ is a more excellent way. "Let me illustrate this with a personal experience. Across the 'river :from Santa' lJaria is another volcano, the Semata, which is" also used' by the witch-doctors: as a sane· tuary to worship the sun and the spirit of the volcano. 'Ab6ut its. foot, as about the foot of 'Santa Maria, live a lot of Indians, mostly witch- doctors who make a living from their black arts. But the ~ood news of the Gospel reached these latter, imd two 'families of the witch-doctors believed it and threw all their paraphei-nalia into the river and began to pray to God instead of the devil and seek to do His will., Last Feb- ruary Mrs. Burgess and I with our three children spent our vacation living in the woods with these same witch-doctors far from the strong arm of the law, with no weapon but love to defend ourselves. The non- believing Indians were at first suspicious of us, but we went to visit them, held service in the woods for them to which some of them 'came, and sought to explain the love of God in Christ as best we could. At first we could get no milk from them and had t6 send a servant on a sixteen- mile tramp to get it every day. After we had been there a couple of weeks, however, these same Indians came and offered us a cow which should be ours as long as we needed it. When we came to leave, three Indian men who had formerly had only hate and suspicion for the Pale- face Qame up to tell us good-bye, put their arms about us, and called us "brother." , The poor Indian has been oppressed and kept in ignorance, exploited and denied justice for past 400 years. It is a, wonder that the tragedy of Santa Maria is not enacted much oftener than it is. It is the blind revolt of beings who have been denied justice and who nevertheless long for more life and fuller even as you and I.

Yes, the Gospel does make a difference I It does not convert every one, but I am sure that if the Church at home had been true to its light, and if we here on the field had not been so busy with the many things which are not always "that better part," this awful murder would never have occurred. God help us to be truer to our work. Amen.

A NAVAJO WOMAN WEAVI~C A

Conditions Among the Navajo_Indians BY REV. HOWARD A. CLARK, FORT DEFIANCE, ARIZONA (A Statement approved by the Presbytery of Northern Arizona) T HE Navajo people, though the real Americans, present conditions similar to those that we find in Asia or Africa. " Here are ancient customs; a strange language; a religion as ignorant of God as the religion of China, India or Africa. Here are worshippers of the Sun God like the ancient Phrenicians, or the modern Fire V orshippers of Mesopotamia. Here men have as many wives as the Mohammedans. Here are sorcerers who profess to drive out evil spirits, like the exorcists of Korea. Here men and women and little children are as fearful of a dead body as the pagans of East Africa who contended with the faithful Susi over the body of Livingstone. Prayers are offered to the sun, the dawn, the earth, the mountains, the wind, and"even to bears and reptiles. Sad to relate, in some parts of this field priests of Rome are seeking to add to this list a great number of "saints," good and bad.

While the Navajo is religious, there is nothing in his religion that leads a soul nearer to God, and nothing that will help him in his fight against evil. On the other hand, there is much that will lead him deeper into sin. The medicine man is the religious leader of the tribe; but in many cases he is neither a spiritual man nor a moral man. In fact, some of the most religious are at the· same time the most immoral. The Na"vajo separates his religious life from his moral life as easily as a Turk separates himself from his wife.

The Navajos are a great and growing tribe. In 1870 they num- bered 7,000. Today there are 32,500 and they ar-e increasing at the rate of five per cent. each year. Their reservation cannot contain 'them, so they have overflowed and about one-third of the tribe are living on the public domain. The country they occupy in northern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico is nearly three hundred miles in extent from east to west and more than one hundred miles from north to south.

Their hogans are found all the way from Albuquerque to the rim a f the Grand Canyon. Much of the western portion of this re- gion is an almost barren waste, while the eastern section is mountainous.

Over this vast territory thirty-two thousand men, women and children, with flocks of sheep and goats, wander about the country, having no certain dwelling place. Their homes, made of logs and mud, are built in the shape of an Eskimo hut and are nearly void of furnishings. A door-way, two feet wide by four feet'

high, always faces the east in honor of the sun. A blanket is hung in place of a door, and a hole in the roof lets out the smoke and lets in the light. The fire built on the dirt floor in the A NAVAJO BABY IN HER CRADLE center 0 f the hogan is used both for heating and for cooking. The family sits on the floor, eats on the floor and sleeps on the floor. There are no chairs, no tables with cloth and napkin, and no spring beds. The Navajos have few home comforts; yet are sometimes well to do in flocks and herds. Though poor as a race, they are and always have been a self-supporting and self-respecting people. They receive no allowances from Washington, though their children are being educated at the expense of the Government. With plenty of good mutton, bread and coffee the Navajo does not go hungry. His dress is simple. The garb of the

71 CONDITIONS AMONG THE NAVAJO INDIANS

women is more modest than that of many white girls and women seen on the streets of American towns and cities. It isa blessing that the white man's civilization ha.s not been adopted in every respect.

Of the 32,000 Navajos, possibly 3,000 can read and write-though this estimate may be too high. Itincludes the boys and girls nOw attending school, of whom there are 2,000 out of a population of 11,000 children. This gives us 9,000 children of the Navajos growing up without a school education.

The needs of this people are great. How shall we meet them? We must ever keep in mind the words of Christ, "Cleanse first the inside of the cup and the platter, that the outside thereof may become clean also." How useless and foolish to cleanse the outside of the Navajo_ people and leave the inside full of filth and wickedness I It is quite clear that the one outstanding need of the Navajo is the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. And we feel it to be the duty of every worker, whether in camp, school or hospital, to preach the 'Vard.

Many years ago, those in charge of the department of Indian Affairs at Washington seemed to realize the uselessness of giving an education without a Saviour. Accordingly, two hours a week were set apart in every Indian school for religious instruction. In addition to these two hours the children were sent to the Sunday-school and the church service. of the denomination instructing them. This has afforded a splendid opportunity for bringing the Gospel to this people, and especially of presenting the great truths of sin and salvation to the rising generation. All of our Navajo schools are now receiving religious instruction, the work being done by the Presbyterian and Christian Reformed churches. The Roman Catholics carryon their work at some points: School Support Enrollment Religious Instruction Tuba, Ariz. Government 175 Presbyterian ': Kayenta, Ariz. 30 " Leupp, Ariz. 100 Corn Fields, Ariz. 30 Ship Rocks, N. M. 150 Two Grey Hills, N. M. 75 Christian Reformed Crown Point, N. M. 120 Luka Chuka, Ariz. 30 Roman Catholic Chin Lee, Ariz. 200 Presby. and R. C.

Ft. Defiance, Ariz. 400 " " Tohatchi, N. M. 175 Chr. Ref. and R. C.

Rehoboth, N. M. Mission 76 Christian Reformed Tolchaco, Ariz. " 26 Pres~yterian Ganado, Ariz. 40 Farmington, N. M. 60 Methodist St. Michaels, Ariz. " 150 Roman Catholic The Christian Reformed Church has a well equipped hospital at Rehoboth, New Mexico, and is doing good work for our Navajo people.

The Presbyterian Church has a hospital at Ganado, and another to be built in the near future on the San Juan River. The National Indian Association has a hospital at Indian Wells and the Presbyterian Church has a mission there working in conjunction with it. The Baptist Church

THE HOME OF A NAVAJO CHRISTIAN AT TOLCHACO, ARIZONA is doing mission work for the Navajos about Keams Canyon, though their principal work is with the Hopi Indians some fifteen miles away. At Tuba, Ariz., the Gospel Union of Kansas City is conducting a mission that was one of the first to be established among the Navajos. The Presbyterians are also conducting a mission at Carriso, Ariz.; and at Ft. Defiance the Episcopal Church sustains an excellent hospital for diseases of the eye, ear and throat. Totaling the mission work, it is as follows: Baptists, one mission station; Methodist Episcopal, one mission school; Protestant Episcopal, one mission hospital; Gospel Union, one mission station; Christian Reformed, one hospital, one school and four mission stations; Presbyterian, two schools, two hospitals and eleven mission stationsj Roman Catholic, one school and five mission stations.

A beautiful spirit of harmony exists between the workers of the different denominations doing work among the Navajos. A few years ago the Reservation was divided in such a way that each denomination was made responsible for a certain territory. The plan has worked admirably and today there is no sign of any friction. Protestant Christianity presents a solid front as it fights under the banner of the Lord Jesus Christ, our Lord. This sympathy and harmony have been brought about largely by the Southwest Bible and Missionary Conference which meets near Flagstaff, Arizona, every August. For ten summers the missionaries of all the denominations working among the Indians of the Southwest have gathered here for Bible study, prayer and conference.

These meetings have been a great blessing to the missionaries, and now the native converts meet with us. Here the native Christians come in contact with Christians from other tribes, with missionaries from other fields, and with such Bible teachers as Dr. R. A. Torrey, of the Los Angeles Bible Institute, A. C. Gaebelein, editor of Our Hope, and others. The conference has grown to an attendance of about one hundred and fifty.

AMONG THE NAVAJO INDIANS 92I

The past summer there was inaugurated a camp-meeting campaign, in which the missionaries and their interpreters come together at a given point and spend five or six days working in the Indian camps. The evening services are made attractive by stereopticon pictures of New Testament scenes. The response of the Navajos is very encouraging and promises good things for the future.

Large portions of the Bible have been translated into this language and are being printed by the American Bible Society. Native helpers are being taught to read it, and the boys and girls in government and mission schools are being instructed so that they may read it to their own people. The erroneous belief of the Navajos that Christianity is the white man's religion and the Bible the white man's book is doing much to hinder the work; but every effort is being made to correct this false view and to fill boys and girls with a desire to read this Word of God and explain it to their own people. This should be one of the most powerful means of training the Navajos. Five years hence scores of young men and women will be able to read God's Word in their own language to the people now sitting in darkness.

Unfortunately, much of the work of the Roman Catholic Church among the Navajos is political and ceremonial. The influence of the head men is sought, with promises of worldly advantage, in order that through them the tribe may be won. While a number of these leaders have been won to Rome, they are still very ignorant and pagan in their wor:>hip and life. The head men call the councils in which decisions are made affecting the welfare' of the tribe. At a council held a year ago, a vote was taken to expel the Protestant workers from the field. In spite A MISSIONARY VISITING A NAVAJO SUMMER SETTLEMENT

of this fact, we rejoice to know that the Navajos as a tribe are more friendly toward Protestantism than toward Catholicism.

The Church of Rome does not oppose Sunday games and the round dance. The Protestant missionaries passed the following resolution reo cently by unanimous vote: "That it is the expressed feeling of the mis· sionary body of the Southwest Bible and Missionary Conference in ses· sian at Cliffs, Arizona, August 10-20, 1916, that the card game, the social dance, and the Sunday amusements should be discouraged as being detri. mental to the spiritual growth of the children in our Indian Government schools." At some of our Government schools a boy must either engage in Sunday games or forfeit his place on the school team; and the girls and boys are offered no form of amusement on social evenings other than the round dance.

Men are needed for this work among the Navajos-men well· equipped and filled with the Spirit of God. Money is needed for a rapidly growing work that is yet in its beginning. But above all, there is need for a native ministry. One young native evangelist is now in the work, and others are in training. But the training off the reservation does not quite fill the need, as they will come back knowing the English Bible fairly well; but unable to use the Navajo Bible, which must be their chief strength. All the missionaries see the great need of a training school centrally located on the Navajo reservation, if there is to be hope for the speedy evangelization of this great tribe. Many students that return from non-reservation schools, with high hopes and with a desire to help their own people, are unable to fulfil their ambitions and rapidly sink to a life that is little above the lives of those who have never had the ad· vantages of school.

Here is a great opportunity among these 32,000 unsaved Indians of this great tribe 'in Navajo land.

NAVAJO INDIAN SCHOOL BOYS AT PLAY, LUEl'P, ARIZONA

WORK OF THE DOMS-OR THIEF

Burning Corpses on the Ganges Ghats The Thieves of Benares BY REV. C. PHILLIPS CAPE, BENARES, INDIA Missionary of the Wesleyan Methodist Mission, 1898 T HE Doms are a criminal tribe, numbering about eleven hundred people in the Benares District. Probably ninety per cent. of the adult males have been in prison. They are thieves by profession and one of their sayings is: "The Dom's boy is highly intelligent, he steals wherever he goes." They steal the garments of the pilgrims who bathe in the Ganges; they snatch nose-rings from the women in the fairs; they loot the merchant's house, and take his brass pots, his rupees and notes; they will even plunge into the river to strip a corpse of its raiment and bracelets. The children are taught to steal by their mothers, who are themselves experts in thievery.

These people spend much of their time in begging and fill their spare moments with basket making and in corpse burning. The village Dam burns the Hindu dead which are brought to the Ganges for cremation; the city Dam works as a scavenger for the municipality.

The Dam is filthy in appearance and habits. He will not eat monkeys or lizards but does not refuse a horse that has died of disease, though he may have to dispute its possession with jackals and vultures..

If the Dom has money he will gamble or drink himself drunk.

Then he will quarrel and fight and go to prison, unless he can persuade the policeman to be merciful. As the policeman's pay is only two dollars and fifty cents a month, he does not always despise the Dom when he brings gifts.

The Dom is outside the pale of Hinduism, being regarded as an outcast by people who themselves are excluded from the temples, the sacraments, arid the Shastras. The Dom is at the bottom of the social scale; though he himself is willing to accord that distinction to the wash- ermen. As his touch is pollution, a dozen Doms would clear the streets of Benares quicker than a British regiment. The Dom is to the Hindu what the pig is to the Moslem. .

Such alCe the people we have been trying to help for the past ten years. A Dom .who hid been with . the British expedition to Tibet, .found on his return to Benares, that he was entitled toa medal and some money. He was only a sweeper, but because he had shared in the dangers and privations of the cam- paign, he received a medal, bearing the image of the King-Emperor.

Besides the medal he had the money, which he wished to keep for his own use. So he went to an In- dian pastor, who had for years preached outside his hut, and told him he wanted to be a Christian.

He was quite frank : if he remained a Dom, the police would take his money; if he became a Christian, he might gain deliverance from the A VILLAGE DOM AT HOME police. He hoped the missionary would help him. We· talked to him of the tyranny of the Devil; and after instruction, we received him into the Church. That was the beginning of the movement which has resulted in over 600 Doms becoming Christians and receiving baptism.

In order· to reform them, we preach the Gospel to them and tell them of God's love. It is difficult for them to understand because all the superior persons they have ever known have hated and despised them. Our kindness is, however, making it possible for them to believe in the love of God.

THIEVES OF

The Doms are so p00r and improvident that they quickly become the prey of the money-lender, who will let them have a loan of 16 annas if they will pay four annas every month for the accommodation. .We therefore assist them with small sums of money at a low rate of interest.

We visit them in prison and remind them of God's affection. Only God can tell the good that has come to Moslem and Hindu jailers who have witnessed' the missionary's concern for the criminal outcast. We PREACHING TO rHE VILLAGE DOMS OF BENARES meet them at the prison gate. In the old days they went straight from prison to the drink-shop to be entertained by their friends and to be spCinkled with the drink to cleanse them from the defilement of the prison. Now they come at once to the Mission Compound where they have tea instead of sharab and get the latest news of all their friends.

Through the kindness of the municipal officials we are able to find them honest employment as city scavengers. The police have preyed on the Dom for generations. If we find that our Doms are being harried by the police we intervene. Fortunately the British magistrates are with us. Then we teach the people hymns and the catechism. The adults learn a little with extreme difficulty. They should have been captured haIfa century ago. Fifty years of poverty, oppression and crime are not friendly to the divine in man; But still traces of their origin can be . found. When we see a Dom woman hugging to her breast for many

THE CITY DOMS-THE HOUSE OF THE HEAD MAN days a baby dreadfully smitten with small-pox, covering it inside her one garment to protect it from the light, we know that these people who have so much to learn have something that they can teach. ADorn woman is a better mother than many a London or New York lady.

We have opened schools for the children, but as they can earn money by sweeping the streets, begging or making baskets, the attendance of the child at school is a real loss to the parent, who is too shortsighted to realize the compensation that the future will bring. Sometimes we have to make good this loss to the parents if we would save the children.

W e att~nd their public dinners, and as these last for twelve hours, from seven in the evening to seven in the morning, and are often given in very dirty quarters, our attendance is more of a duty than a joy. By attending these dinners we see that no strong drink is consumed; we prohibit indecent dancing and acting; we assist the police in preserving order, and their own honor; we entertain the Dams with a few fireworks and gramaphone selections; we encourage the children to sing Christian hymns; and we see them all off to their work in the mormng.

We help them in sickness. There are no hospitals in the villages, and the native doctors are often both knaves and fools. The city Doms are generally unwilling to attend the free Government hospitals, as the

apothecary, they say, will not give them good medicine without a fee.

We have to deal with these people as we find them and when they re- fuse to visit the hospitals, we must serve them as best we can.

o The Dams' belief in wizardcraft is being dispelled by our showing them that for a pain in the head, or elsewhere, better than all the incan- tations of the wizard, is a dose of castor oil. I was compelled to open an abscess one day on the back of one of our Dams.. I found that simple operation was the nearest way to the man's heart. "Sir," he said: "I will serve you whenever I can, I will serve you to the end I" He is the official hangman. 0 These people suffer greatly from malarial fever, and we help them 0 by administering quinine which we receive from the Health' Officer and other friends. It is interesting that the drug is on sale at all the post- offices in British India, wrapped in packets contaifling directions for its use. It is recognized by the Government that in many villages every man must be his own physician. In such places anyone with a little knowledge of medicine and a little common sense, can be of much help to the sick.

The Government of india has tried to reform the Doms and has failed, because it had .to depend upon unsuitable subordinates. We, with the Salvation Army, are succeeding because we have reliable, sympa· THE VILLAGE DOMS COM,PLAIN, 0 THAT THEIR ROOF LEAI<S

thetic and enthusiastic Indian colleagues. Then we have Indian Christian evangelists living close to these people and helping them whenever possible.

One of our workers is an ex-Brahmin. To see this man sittil1g by . the bedside of a sick Dom, giving him milk and medicine and teaching him the Sacred Law, is to see a miracle of the Living Christ.

THE RESULT These people are not yet saints, but now they can become saints. Hinduism gave them no chance: we give them a chance. Once they were hopeless, now they know of a way to rise. Gradually they will be able to understand "the Christian view of life, the Christian standard of values, their divine sonship and their heavenly citizenship." Some of them still fight, still drink, still steal, still have recourse to the wizards. But those of us who have known the work from the beginning, can register a marked improvement. Some of the children can read and write: they know their catechism and sing Christian hymns. The drink- shopkeepers complain that our work is interfering with their trade. The indecent dancing has utterly ceased. Saturnalia may still be found in India, but no longer at the dinner of our Dams.

The District Magistrate reports that, as the result of our efforts, there has been "a marked diminution in the criminal habits" of the Benares Dams. The health officer of the mun~cipality, a Brahmin trained in England, reports that our Doms, who are his servants, do their sweeping much better now than in the old days.

The wizards are losing ground. The ghosts of a leper, a madman and a British soldier have lost their terrors for our people.

Our mission to the outcastes is a highly valuable object-lesson to the caste Hindu and Moslems of ·India. Their Shastras condemn us, but their human hearts approve. These people have been so dreadfully handicapped in the days that have gone, that they will only be fit for menial service for many years to come. But we read with pleasure that two of our evangelists and three theological students are ~x-Doms. Not long ago we were taking the body of a Christian Dom through the city of Shiva, to the place of cremation. As our people carried the corpse through the city, they cried, "Victory to Jesus: .Tesus is true." Some priests turned and said, "Cry 'Victory to Ram, Ram is true'." They were asked, "But what has Ram done for the Doms, that they should take his name ?"

What has Hinduism done for the 60,000,000 outcastes of India? It has despised, despoiled and degraded them. And what has Jesus done? He has shown himself their dying, their undying friend. Through the homage of outcastes and of sinners, Jesus shall reign in India.

Problem of the Aliens in America*

REV. JAMES I. VANCE, D. D., NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE CLOSING the gate to the alien is a Christian country, we will never do it really no solution of our immigra- in a heathen country. God has driven us into a corner, and is saying to the tion problem. The alien is already here. Church: "Now do your duty or die!" Besides, is it a Christian solution? There never was a greater opportunity "There is no difference between the Jew than that which now confronts Protes~ and the Greek, for the same Lord over tant Christianity in America to evanall is rich unto all that call upon him." gelize the alien. And the alien is con- vertible. He can be Christianized. America cannot, if it would, be a Christ is not only "the power of God hennit nation. The day is past for any unto salvation" to Sons of the AmerpeQple to bar themselves off from the ican Revolution, to Colonial Dames, to rest of mankind. In these days of wire- Daughters of the Confederacy, to memless telegraphy and aerial navigation and bers of the Grand Army of the Repubuniversal language, the pulse-beat of the lic, but to the Italian in the ditch, to race kin cannot be ignored. There are the Hungarian in the coal mines, to the no longer any desert solitudes. The Pole in the packing-house, to the Jew races have become the people. from the steppes of Russia, to the Hindu from the filth of India. The tide of The problem can be solved only by immigration rolls in, carrying on its the Gospel of .Christ. We are not crest a matchless opportunity to the afraid of any shipload of foreigners who Christian Church. come to us loyal to the Cross of Christ. They cannot come too soon or too often. Are we meeting it? What does the We welcome them. But what if they immigrant think of our Christianity? are not Christians? What if they are only Does it impress him? Does he believe nominal Christians? Is is not evident that we believe it? Do we give him that our salvation as a nation depends Christian treatment? Not always. A upon our making them Christians? Ruthenian priest says: "My people do There is a stronger bond than love of not live in America. They live undercountry. It is love of Christ. And neath America. America goes on over when men find Christ, they are one, their heads. My people do not love though they come from the ends of the America. Why should they, from what earth. they see of it?" The wretchedness of many of these aliens in a strange land is Therefore, this question is a great mis- enough to move to pity the sternest of sionary problem. It rises up before us. that guild whose shibboleth is: "Amer- It is imperative. In what is no doubt ica for the Americans I" a providence, God has brought the ends of the earth to us. We were slow in Only Christianity can solve the probtaking the Gospel to them. The lem, but it will take a new brand of Saviour seems now to be saying: "I ChrIstianity, not this formal, fainthave waited long, but my people are slow hearted, self-indulgent, dress-parade to go. After nineteen hundted years, Christianity, but one that can stand bad two-thirds of the world are without the smells and foul sights, and go down to Gospel. I will bring the nations to my the gates of hell to save a lost soul, that people." They are here at our doors. has enough of Christ in it to love It is a glorious missionary opportunity. iniquity into goodness, and hostility into brotherhood! The success or failure ofrforeign missions is going to be settled here at home. If we cannot Christianize the -heathen in * From an address delivered in New Orleans, La., March 13, 1917.

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CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK SCRIPTURE LESSONS FOR MISSIONARY TALKS AND MEETINGS Comparatively few missionary ",'ork- Church at Home and A broad, built his ers know how to wield the "sword of leading editorial around the Arabicword,- the Spirit, which is the Word of God," Tfuddul, which is largely used to-day in in behalf of missions. Yet, with the ex- the land that gave our Saviour birth. ception of prayer, no weapon is so Condensed and adapted as follows, it is powerful in promoting. the cause. fine for use on Christmas programs.

The Scripture lesson need not be dis- "Spending one year in Syria, I daily tinctively missionary to be effective. heard people talk in the Arabic lan- Whatever deepens spiritual life tends guage," says Doctor Nelson, "but I did also to develop the missionary spirit. not learn many Arabic words. But I "The supreme method of securing did learn one because I heard it so often money for missions is that of promoting and it had so many nice meanings. the spiritual life of the people," says John R. Mott, in The Pastor and "The word is 'tfuddul.' Do not put Modern Missions. Experience proves the vowel u between the first two letters that this same "supreme method" will and make it 'tufuddul/ but put the tip win men as well as money, will stimu- of your tongue in the top of your mouth, late prayer, and increase interest and and blow it off so as to give the sound attendance. of if together. The word changes its Nor need a Scripture lesson be long to be effective. A few verses or even a form according to the persons spoken to. single text, wisely applied, will ac- They say 'Tfuddur to a man; 'Tfudcomplish more than a whole chapter duli' to a woman; 'Tfuddulu' in speak.- read without aim. ing to two or more persons.

This month we present a series of "Now for the meaning. When I Scripture lessons with applications from went with a missionary into a room full missionary literature. Most of them of Syrian men, they all rose up and stood have already been used and found effec- (for the Syrians are 'very polite) until tive. It is hoped they may prove help- the misionary said 'Tfuddulu.' Then it ful to pastors for use in missionary was proper for them to sit down. sermons and addresses; to Sunday-school superintendents and teachers for brief "I was at a Christmas-tree festival in talks or illustrations in their classes; to one of the mission schools in '!I,Jount Women's and Young People's Societies Lebanon where they had made a pretty as the basis of devotional services in their Christmas tree by draping a barrel for monthly meetings; and to study classes the trunk and setting large pine boughs in deepening spiritual impressions. into it. Around this make-believe tree they had made on the floor a pretty TFUDDUL mosaic with alternate circular rows of pine cones and large yellow oranges. MARK 11: 1-6. After the entertainment, when a young Syrian was gathering up the beautiful Away back in May, 1887, Doctor large pine cones into a basket I requested Henry A. Nelson, the editor of The a lady near me, who could speak Arabic to ask for one for me to take home. She did so and the young man set the basket

METHODS 93

down at my feet, saying, 'Tfuddul/ as· "If He should come into your Sab- he threw apart his hands with a gesture bath School and say, 'Who of these boys of generous welcome. and girls are willing to give themselves "I once rode with my missionary wholly to Me, to do whatever I tell daughter to a village a little way up them, to go wherever I send them, to Mount Lebanon and called on a Syrian help make Me known to all children.

family. They had prepared for us nuts and all people?' would you not look up and fruits and cake. These were placed into His face and exclaim, 'Tfuddul, on a low table and we sat down beside Lord Jesus-here am I; send me?'

it on cushions on the floor. The women "He is in your home; He is in your were standing to wait on us. But the Sabbath School; He is in your church.

missionary lady said, 'Tfuddulu/ and You do not see Him. But He sees you.

they were so modest that she had to say, 'The Lord hath need of you.' Will not 'Tfuddulu, tfuddulu,' several times be- your heart respond, 'Tfuddul, Lord; fore they would eat with us. speak, for Thy servant heareth."

"You see the word means every sort of welcome. In one case we might THE TEST OF LOVE translate it, 'Sit down and be comfort- JOHN 21: 15-17 WITH JOHN 10:16. able' j in another, 'Make yourselves at home'; in still another, 'Help yourself At the close of a great mass meeting for to as many as you like.' Spoken to one men held in connection with the first camat the door it means, 'Come in and feel paign of the Layman's Missionary Moveperfectly at home.' It takes a good ment in Detroit, Shenvood Eddy used many of our words to express what the Syrians mean by the one word, 'tfuddu!.' John 21: 15-17 with such telling effect "There comes to my mind a very that strong men :wept and the whole sweet and solemn meaning. this word vast company passed out in absolute 'tfuddul' might have. If the owner of silence. Nor did the impression pass that colt (Mark 11: 1-6). for which quickly away. From one of a little Jesus sent the disciples, had spoken in group who boarded a Woodward Ave- Arabic, whe·n they said, 'The Lord hath nue car for their homes in the suburbs, we learned that each man took a seat by need of him,' he would have said, himself and that during the entire ride 'Tfuddulu, t/uddulu,' and helped to un- of five miles not one spoke to his fellows. tie the halter. The passage is so familiar that it may "And I suppose that to-day when the deepen the impression to read it in one little Syrians who have learned so much of the many new versions. In Weyof the Bible from the missionaries, read mouth's New Testamel{t in Modern the sweet words of Jesus, 'Behold, I Speech the rendering is especially helpstand at the door and knock,' they say ful and reverent. We have found it very to Him, 'Tfuddul. tluddul/ if they are effective in connection with John 10 :16. ready to open their hearts. "Other sheep I have"-herds of red "And you, happy American child, if ones as well as white in America; the dear Lord should come into your of yellow in China; black in Africa; and home on Christmas Day and sit in the brown in the Islands of the Sea.* j!;reat arm chair and you should show Him the books and toys, the new gar- "What though the flesh be black or ments and the money that had been given white or brown; to you on His birthday; if He should The loving Saviour wore for all the say, 'How freely you have received! thorny crown." How much are you willing to give to make Me known to children all over the world?' Would you not look up * See "The New Testament i1f. Modern into His kind face and say, 'Tfuddul, Speech." by R. F. Weymouth, D.Lit., Boston; Lord Jesus i take all you will?' The Pill1rim Press.

THE MEASURE OF LOVE British and Canadian Christians have JOHN 3 :16 already made almost unm;Iievable sacri- fices for God and native land. Yet, A Scripture lesson used at the close of great as these have been, they have not a discourse or program may have very yet measured up to the· saqifice prac- great power. tised day by day by the humhlest Korean Pilkington realized this when he Christians as a matter of course. The brought his stirring pamphlet on The following story reprinted from The Gospel in Uganda to a close with a Youth's Companion puts us all to shame.

strong plea based on John 3 :16. Lead- ers of study classes on Africa will find PLOUGH WORK. this of great value just now. But, by substituting for Africa the name of some "Our minister is always talking to us other field (as India or China) or some about sacrifice. I am getting tired of it.

special class (as the Lepers or the Jews) He expects us to give, give, give all the it may be used at any time or for any time. He seems to think that the Church people. We reprint it as follows from is the greatest institution in the world/'

Pilkington of Uganda.* "Perhaps he is right. But I agree A LAST WORD. with you that we can't always be giv- ing to the Church. There are other Now comes the question: Is all (our things to be thought of. I· am afraid our minister is rather visionary." interest) to end here?

Oh let, let us be real! Emotion is no The first speaker was a wealthy bus- substitute for action. You love Africa, iness man, the second a successful law- do you? God so loved that He gave- yer. Both had very large incomes and God gave-what? Superfluities? lived not only in comfort but in luxury.

Leavings? That which cost Him noth- They were church members and gave ing? "generously" ; but neither knew the We salve our consciences by doing meaning of the word "sacrifice."

little, and refuse to recognize the fact A few months later these two men that the work for which the Lord died joined a party that was going around is not being done. the world. Before they started, their Let us confess that hitherto we have "visionary" pastor asked them to take only been playing at Missions. God has note of any interesting and unusual given us much more than our miserable things they might see in the mission- efforts have deserved. ary countries through which they passed.

Let us begin in a new way. They promised–carelessly perhaps.

New prayer; new giving; new going. In Korea one day they saw a boy in The World for Christ, Christ for the a field by the roadside pulling a rude World, in this generation! plough· while an old man held the A LIVING SACRIFICE handles and guided it. The lawyer was amused and took a snapshot ofthe Scene.

ROMANS 12:1 WITH 2 SAM. 24:24 "That's a curious picture! They must be very poor," he said to the missionary Sacrifice is the keynote of the hour. In who was acting as guide and interpreter all nations at war (our own included) for the party. governments are demanding of their subjects sacrifices in the way of men, "That is the family of Chi Noui," money and service unmatched in the was the quiet reply. "When the church history of the world. If the Church is was being built· they were anxious to to keep up her work, she must do like- give but had no money; so they sold wise. their ox and gave the proceeds. This spring they are pulling the plough them- *By C. F. Harford-Battersby (Revell: New selves."

York). The lawyer and the business man·

METHODS

were silent for some moments. Then his mission hut-house, we salute those of the business man said, "That must have 'our own company,' Messrs. Swan and – been a real sacrifice." Faulknor," he says. "Cut off from the outside world as they are, no doubt 'the "They did not call it so," said the banner over them is love'; yet there is missionary. "They thought it fortunate sadly waving over their little far-away they had an ox to sell." cabin the yeltow flag of quarantine. Faulknor, a shining saint, has found Neither man had much to say, but Africa one long hospital of pain. when they reached home the lawyer took the picture to his minister and told "Two men all alone in the lonely inhim the story. terior seem a poor, inadequate sort of testimony, yet so normally necessary is it "I want to double my pledge," he to be mighty in word and deed that the said. "And give me some 'plough sick man prayed while the strong man work,' please. I have never known what preached; thus he also serves who only sacrifice meant. A converted heathen stands and waits. In the mouth of two taught me. I am ashamed to say I have witnesses, word and deed, every word never yet given anything to my church that cost me anything."

It seems to be a law of the Kingdom that there is no success without suffering. If you succeed without suffering it means that someone suffered before you. If you suffer without succeeding; one who comes after you will doubtless have the success.-Edward Judson.

How much does the average church was established, for while Mr. Swan member ever sacrifice for his religion? preached Calvary his good friend Faulk- How many that call themselves Chris- nor carried the cross of pain. Bedridden tians ever sold the ox and harnessed tho he was for many a day, he soon themselves to the plough? found that when God permits you to take a back seat you can have a very HELPING BY PRAYER good time. There was many a song of triumph even under that drooping yel- 2 COR. 1: 11. low flag and, as the average African can look through your body like glass, In this busy age most of us seem to Faulknor's 'living epistle' was eloquent prefer to be Marthas busily engaged in the whole day long, ever answering the active work rather than Marys sitting challenge of the relentless Negro stare. at the feet of Jesus, communing with Him. Yet Mary "chose the better "God in all lands must cross His part." Church before He can crown it. The burden of Faulknor's suffering may have Prayer is an absolute need and no looked to outsiders like a tombstone work can be truly successful without it. hung around his neck. But in reality To those shut out from active participa- it was only a weight necessary- to keep tion in God's service by reason of ill- down the diver while he was collecting health, lack of education, or other hin- pearls. drance, it is a great joy to know that prayer is power and that it can be ex- "It is the late George Muller of Ihiserted by anyone of God's children, no tal, who tells of one of the pearls matter how humble or _ weak. In brought up from these depths of suf- fering. One day his vast enterprise on "Thinking Back," * Dan Crawford the Ashley Downs was down to zero for the orphans' 'daily bread,' but the tells a strong story illustrating this. dinner-bell rang in heaven and a much- "Here on the spurs of the Bunkeya needed gift arrived. Where did it co~ Hills, where Frederick Arnot first built

from? Mr. Muller says a sick mission- en!' On at least one occasion this verse ary from the wilds of Africa was the was brought home to me with peculiar donor-this man who had been shut up force.

in the interior, grievously, almost per- "Away off in the direction of Cum- manently disabled. Yet so grateful was bum, during one of my early tours, I this bodily wreck for a safe return to was tempted one day to shake off the England that he struck !lis slender bal- dust from my feet and go. With my 0 ance and poured it all at his Master's helpers I had camped in a new place, feet;" and had been trying hard to get the people to come and listen to the Gospel, "A VERY PRESENT HELP" but they would not. I concluded that PSALM 46. it was a hard place and told my staff of workers that we were justified in Psalm 46, called "Luther's Psalm" leaving it and moving on elsewhere.

because it was his help and stay during "Toward noon I went into mv tteennt~ the stormy times of the Reformation, closed down the sides, let the littie seems especially fitted to bring comfort punkah swing over ~y head and rested, in these dark days of sorrow. At his preparatory to startmg off for the °next second inauguration ,last March, Presi- place. Soon I began to hear the hum dent Wilson chose its opening words, of voices. But I took no special notice "God is our refuge and strength, a very because I had given up the place.

present help in trouble," as the passage "Just then a basket with supplies was to be kissed when he took: the oath of brought to my tent by a coolie who had office. walked all the way from Ongole, seven- To missionary workers the tenth ty miles, with the basket on his head. verse, with its assurance of the ultimate In the accompanying letter, Mrs. success of missions, should be a source Clough quoted my favorite verse to me. of strength. The very existence of the 'Be still, and know that I am God.' missionary enterprise seems threatened, While reading this, some of the preachbut it wiII surely triumph in the end. ers put their heads into the tent and It was this text that helped to carry said, 'Sir, there is a big crowd out °here ; Doctor John Everett Clough, the "Hero of Ongole," through his trying the grove is full; all are waiting for yet triumphant work for the Telugus you. Please come out.' vf India. In his autobiography, Social Christianity in the Orient,* he relates "Times of spiritual consolation lik~ this carne to me often, and I always took them as being sent by Jesus Himself."

– the following incident showing how it TURNING COWARDICE INTO helped 0 him one day: COURAGE "On my long tours 0 I left Mrs. DEuT. ~O: 1-9. Clough in charge of the compound and all that pertained to it. While thus Many will be surprised to learn that holding the fort, she followed me all in Bible times the Children of Israel over th~ district with baskets, carried were drafted for military service (Nurn. by coolies, containing water and bread 31: 1-6) and that there were Causes of and supplies, with my mail. And she exemption (Deut. 20: 1-9) as at the knew where my source of strength lay, present timoe. and what Bible verses to quote to me when I stood in need of encouragement. One of these causes was cowardice. All through my missionary career there The fearful and faint-hearted were was one verse that carried me farthest. turned back:. No coward was wanted in Itwas: 'Be still and know that I am the army of the Lord. God; I will be exalted among the heath- N or are cowards wanted at the pres- ent time. Yet many are finding it not ~ lI1acmjIlan ComPany: New YorI<o altogether easy to be brave in the face

of present conditions. "All of us need my bad deeds to him. I cannot endure a new baptism of courage and confidence that thing. I am of a peculiar cow- in these days," says The Christian Her- ardice!' And she looked at me with a ald. "Confidence in God who has be- kind of subdued agitatiol!-a reluctance, stowed such blessings in the past; c;ourage a wistfulness. ill our own hearts to go forward/' " 'Who gave your mother her peculiar There is no question about the need, courage?' I asked her, and she told me but how are we to meet it? Perhaps Zambe [God] had given it. Then we Jean Mackenzie's story of how the thought it 'would be useless to go to "peculiar cowardice" of Andungo. the Obam Ze until God had given Andungo girl wife of the old r.hief, Obam Ze, was something to go on. These things an' turned into a "peculiar courage" through past the endurance of trembling girls faith in Jesus Christ, may prove help- like Andungo. ful. She tells it as follows ill An A frican Trail: "It would be six weeks after this con- versation when Andungo came to see me "When one desires to become a person in my house, and she showed me her new of God, there are things to be done, dif- face. There was the face of a person ficult things. Young women must con- of God. Every African missionary win fess to brutal husbands the secrets of know what I mean. And she said in her their wild years, must suffer stripes and soft, hurried voice that God had given the outcry of the village. How strongly her courage, peculiar courage, so that God calls these girls. themselves can tell. she had endured to go to Obam Ze. One of the weakest of these, how well To him she had said that she could no I remember her reluctance I We were longer be a person of the world, she sitting in her brown hut, the hut near- was drawn to be a person of the tribe est old Obam Ze's palaver house, for she of God. And she must tell him all her was then his favorite. Andungo was in disobediences and some things of shame. her early twenties, pretty and gentle 'Go away I' said Obam Ze. 'Take away with that grace of manner which so your bad deeds, don't spoil my ears with much distinguishes many forest women. them, I cannot endure to ·hear them I'

"We had spoken of many things, the "This reluctance of Obam Ze is not things of the gardens and of the village. characteristic-other husbands have a I spoke at last of the things of the new peculiar courage with which to listen tribe-'Are you never drawn by these to the trembling confessions of the little things ?' I asked Andungo. There was new things, and there are women who then an agitation behind that young will carry the marks of these hours to face, a wistfulness and a reluctance. their dying days."

"She spoke softly with an exaggeration CONCERNING THE COLLECTION of caution. 'I am indeed drawn, every day I am drawn. The womeL of this HAGGAI 2:8; PSALM 50: 10, 12; PHIL.

village who are Christians, they speak 4:19. continually words that draw me. My heart agrees to their w:ords, and my Mary Slessor rarely worried about heart draws me. My mother is a per- money. She believed that God had unson of God, she speaks to me words that limited resources and would supply all draw me. But, ah, my friend I I am her need. The following paragraphs of a peculiar cowardice 1 My mother, from Mary Slessor of Calabar,* by she is of a peculiar courage; when she W. P. Livingstone, show how fully her was first drawn to become a Christian faith was justified: she just went to her husband and confessed her bad deeds and endured her "Money had no place in her interests; beatings and the talk of the village. But, she never thought of it except as a means ah, my friend! How could I bear to of carrying out her projects.· 'How I go to Obim Ze and open the word of * Doran: New York.

wish we could do without it I' she often "Several addresses had been delivered and the collection was announced. As is used to say. often the case, the audience drew a sigh "Her salary she counted as Church of relief and made a stir in changing positions. Some began to whisper and money and never spent a penny of it to carryon a conversation with those on herself except for bare living. 'You sitting near them. say,' she wrote to one giver, 'that you would like me to spend the money on "She stood it as long as she could, my personal comfort. Dear friend, I then rose and,' regardless of all the need nothing. My every want is met dignitaries about her, rebuked the audiand supplied without asking.' ence for their want of reverence. Were they not presenting their offerings to the "Her belief was thus expressed: Lord? Was that not as much an act of 'What is money to God? The difficult worship as singing and praying? How thing is to make men and women. could they then behave in such a thought- Money lies all about us in the world, less manner? There was something of and He can turn it on to our path as scorn in her voice as she contrasted theeasily as He sends a shower of rain.' way in which the Calabar converts pre- sented their offerings with that of the "Her faith was justified in a marvelous well-educated Edinburgh audience. way, for throughout all these years and When she sat down it was amidst proonwards to the end she obtained all she found silence. 'What a brave woman,' needed and that was not little. She re- was the thought of many." quired funds for extension, for building, for furniture, for teachers' wages, for ADDITION BY SUBTRACTION medicines, for the schooling of her children, and many other purposes. Yet JUDGES 7 :1-8 she was never in want. Nothing came from her people, for she would not ac- In these days when we have grown accept collections at first, not wishing to customed to thinking in large termsgive them the impression that the Gospel millions of men and billions of moneywas in any way connected with money. we are apt to place too much dependence It came from friends, known and un- on numbers. Yet in God's army it is quality, not quantity that counts. One known, at home and abroad, who were truly consecrated Christian, who puts interested in her and in her brave and himself wholIy at God's disposal and lets lonely struggle. There was scarcely a God work through him, is worth a mail that did nOt bring her money. hundred half-hearted ones who care mostly for themselves. This is the lesson "'It often happens,' she said once, God teaches through Gideon. Victory came not by adding to his forces, but by 'that when the purse is empty, imme- subtracting those not fit. diately comes a new instalment. God is superbly kind in the matter of money. At the present day true success can only come by the same process. At the I do not know how to thank Him. It close of her fine volume, Fifteen Years is wonderful how we ever fail In our Among the Top-Knots,* Mrs. Horace trust for a moment.' G. Underwood has put this striking paragraph: "On one occasion when she was a little anxious, she cried, 'Shame on you, "God placed an angel with a flaming Mary Slessor, after all you know of sword which turned every way at the Him!' " gate of Paradise…. Some of us are ready to pray that God would place To her, giving was an act of worship another such flaming sword at the gate and as such to. be engaged in with the of our mission fields, so that no man or same reverence as singing and prayer. On one occasion, tho excessively timid *American Tract Society, New York. and fearful in the presence of a crowd, she fearlessly rebuked an Edinburgh audience for their behavior while the collection was being taken up. Mr. Livingstone tells the story thus:

17] BEST METHODS

woman who could not or would not "If you inquire of the scientific, prac- brave a baptism of fire should enter. tical farmer who manages this great There is no more place on the mission estate, 'Where did this corn come from?'

field for the fearful and unbelieving than he will say, 'It was selected from our in heaven itself. Like Gideon's army, last year's crop. These are the best let the applicants be reduced till only the ears from over six 'thousand acres.' He resolute, the consecrated, those who be- will show you a machine with which he lieve in God, the people and themselves, takes off the imperfect grains at either are accepted for this mighty privilege, end of each ear. The picked grains of this high calling." these picked ears are to be used for plant- At home we need the same lesson. ing. He cannot afford to sow 'nub- In our eagerness to make things "go" bins.' ,He that soweth nubbins shall we sometimes entrust the Lord's work reap-corncobs.

to those not spiritually fit because they "The very highest service the corn have time, talent, education, prestige, can render is to be seed for the next money. Occasionally we go so far as year's crop.

to enlist aliens in the work-men and "'The Church of Christ needs the women who have not yet made their picked ears, carefully nurtured in the peace with God. best schools and institutions for train- , "The spirit of the Lord clothed itself ing them. Yet hear that youthful Jonah, with Gideon" (Judges 6:34, R. V. struggling with the call to 'go to that margin). God grant that only those great heathen city,' and murmuring, may engage in His service who, through 'How can I bury myself in China?' And His grace, are fitted for an honor like well-meaning but foolish friends are this. telling him, 'It would be a great waste THE GREAT SPIRITUAL of your brilliant talents.' PARADOX "'Buried,' did you say? That is what they are going to do with all that JOHN 12: 23-28 magnificent corn. That is what it A "corn of wheat" may be kept for was picked out for. It is worth bury- milleniums in perfect condition-witness ing. By and by there will be a great those found in the mummy-cases of resurrection and then a glorious har- Egypt~but it cannot bring forth fruit except it die. vest. Did not the Lord of the harvest say, 'Except a corn of wheat fall into This was Christ's teaching before He the ground and die, it abideth alone; went to His death in order that many but if it die it bringeth forth much might live and it is a lesson needed by fruit ?' Here is the great spiritual para- us all. In the following paragraphs dox that all nature joins with the Au- from The Evolution of New China,· thor of life in declaring: ' He that sav- William N. Brewster puts it in a way eth his life shall lose it, and he that los- that makes it very strong: eth his life for My sake, the same shall save it.' "In Northwest Iowa there is a great corn ranch. Among the ranch buildings "Wherever your life is spent, if fruit- is .a seed corncrib. It is a tight, double- ful, it must be buried. The only ques- tion is, Where? In what soil? The walled building with a furnace in the virgin soil of the Orient is the richest basement and the temperature is never in potential harvests. Has the Lord allowed to fall below forty degrees no of the harvest picked you, as a large, matter how cold the weather outside. full ear, fit for seed in the great fields The corn is laid upon racks away up of His planting? What higher honor .to the ceiling and the ears do not touch can you ask:? It is not death for which one another. Each ear is of the largest He has chosen you, but life; life persize and perfect in form. petuated, life multiplied, life enlarged • Eaton & Mains: New York, infinitely."

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J.

A FRIENDSHIP LEAGUE OF steadily succeeding. But we are not do- ing our part in furnishing this growing LITERATURE literate element with material for read- ing. If the literary output of all Wom- U NDER the auspices of a committee en's Missionary Societies in the Orient of our Federation called the "In- was distributed among the women of terdenominational Committee on Litera- those countries, it would average not fifture for Women and Children in Mis- teen pages annually. Would you like to sion Lands" (chairman, Miss Alice M. be limited to fifteen pages of wholesome Kyle, Congregational House, Boston, literature a year? Of course, some have Mass.), a delightful league for the more than others-but many who can young people of mission fields has been read have scarcely anything to read. formed. The impulse for this expression of Christian altruism came from the Can we, who depend so much on books following incidents of girls in India: and magazines for stimulus, food, in- struction and enjoyment, be willing to A little girl, Lilavati Singh, who, "eat our morsel alone?" though belonging to India, had learned English, once read "Little Women," What is true of the needs of India for by Louisa Alcott. She found in it a Christian reading is no less true of China world of fun and friendship, activity and and Japan. While India has many diainterests which she had never dreamed lects, practically the whole of China has actually existed or was possible for a girl. one written language. From Shanghai In later years, when Lilavati Singh be- to the borders of Tibet, and from Yuncame known in both hemispheres as a nan on the west to Manchuria and the leader among Oriental women, she gave boundaries of Siberia, the same books much credit to this book for stirring her may be used. Moreover, there is an inimagination and giving her the impulse creasing desire for Christian teaching. to make such a life possible for girls of This limitless field is practically un- India. touched so far as the women and chil- An Indian school girl, who has lately come in contact with Christianity for the dren are concerned. Miss Laura White first time through attending a Chris- writes of the eagerness with which the tian school, has been so interested in the women receive stories like "Ben Hur," work of Jane Addams, about which she or little pamphlets giving hints as to has read in magazines in the school li- home making and mother craft. Her brary, that she has made it her serious magazine, The Woman's Messenger, ambition "to be a Jane Addams for has a wide circulation and goes into India." many homes.

Do not these anecdotes point to a need In Japan, Miss Baucus, and Miss and an opportunity? Dickinson in Yokohama, have tried to reach Japanese girls and women with We are constantly lamenting that only uplifting tracts and stories. This is done one per cent. of the women and' girls of largely through private means, for here India can read and write. That is, in a also, the Mission Boards have given but population of girls and women equal to small sums for work: among women and . the whole population of North and children. A new enterprise is just start- South America, we have only as many ing there under the auspices of the Chris- . literate members as the population of the tian Literature Society of Japan, looking city of Philadelphia ! We are trying toward coordinated effort to bring hard to remedy this situation, and are wholesome and pure literature to thousands of eager-hearted Japanese women, Cut out this blank and mail it to Miss who are now reading immoral novels be- Alice M. Kyle, 14 Beacon Street, Boscause nothing else is offered them. ton, Mass. Checks should be made pay- able to Lila V. North, treasurer, and The Chinese and the Japanese revere sent to her address, Bradford Academy, the printed page. A Chinese coolie will Bradford, Mass. carefully pick up and preserve every fragment of newspaper he finds, A very special effort will be made to and the street in Tokyo, Japan, help children who join this League to with book stores lining each side,· where feel the attraction of its friendly service. thousands of French, German and English books are on sale, bears testimony to "What will the money do?" you ask. the fact that these nations are hungry A share of $1 provides for 3 copies of for literature. a magazine to be distributed free in India. One hundred such shares are They ask for bread, these Oriental necessary to insure the publication of the sisters of ours j shall we permit stones or magazine each year. $1 will provide poisoned food to be offered to them? four Chinese children with twelve num- Shall the low-grade French novel be bers of Happy Childhood, a small illustranslated into Chinese and Japanese be- trated magazine. fore our clean English fiction reaches them in Oriental garb? Shares of from $25 to $250 will make possible the translation of some such Here are practical suggestions offered book as "Pilgrim's Progress," "Ben Hur" to help us share the privilege of the (abridged), "Polyanna" (adapted) , printed page with the growing literate "Robinson Crusoe," and pamphlets on element among women and girls in all Health, Temperance, Hygiene, Housemission fields: hold Management, and similar helpful reading matter. MEMBERSHIP REGISTER A CRUSADE IMPERATIVE (Membership may be renewed each year) Adopted by the Executive Committee (Underline the statement you subscribe to, and of the Federation of Women's Boards of fill in the blank spaces as may be necessary) Foreign Missions of North America, October 5, 191 7. I. I wish to join the Friendship Library League by sending- RESOL UTION : The price of a book for a school or col- The Senate of the United States has lege library in some mission field. passed by more than two-thirds majority the Federal Amendment to the Constitu- A magazine for a school or college li- tion prohibiting the manufacture and brary in some mission field (mention sale of intoxicating liquors in the United name of magazine). States. The bill will come before the House of Representatives early in De- $ ………. , to be spent for a school or cember. If this bill passes the House college library in India, China or and is ratified by prohibition legislation Japan. in two-thirds of the States, the Federal Amendment becomes law. II. I wish to join the Publication League by taking- In view of the following facts: a. That the liquor traffic involves A share of $1.00 toward some Christian us in enormous taxation, ex- magazine printed on the' mission field. ceeding ten times the amount received from license revenue, A share of $25.00 (or $………. ) for and printing books or pamphlets in some b. That it is responsible for the use' Indian vernacular language, in Chi- of large amounts of grain which nese or Japanese. might be utilized for food', and A share of $…… '" for general pub· licity connected with the work of this League.

III. I wish to contribute to the Expense Fund $ …….. to be used as the Committee sees best.

Name ………………………… .

Address ………………………. .

Date …………………………. .

c. That our Government is morally DAY OF PRAYER responsible for enormous quanti- ties of rum exported to Africa OF OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S BOARDS and other foreign countries, FOREIGN MISSIONS We urge the women of our missionary societies to take immediate steps in local Friday, January the Ele'IJenth, Nineteen circles and union societies and Federa- tions to secure strong action on the part Hundred and Eighteen of the churches, missionary organizations, local bodies of men, and prominent T HE Executive Committee of the individuals, in favor of this Federal Federation of Women's Boards, at Amendment and of State legislation its meeting in New York City, October where it has not already been taken. 5, 1917, appointed Friday, January II, 1918, as a Day of Prayer for Foreign We recommend that such action be Missions. All Women's Missionary Ortelegraphed or written on or before De- ganizations-Denominational and Intercember 1st to Congressmen representing denominational-are requested to, obthe several States or districts from which serve it IN TRUTH as a DAY OF the communications are sent. PRAYER. Never was intercessory prayer more needed than today, when the The form of the telegram to be as world is full of suffering and sorrow. follows: The hours to be observed are from Representing (name of body). IO A. M. to 4 P. M., the noon hOlar be- ing optional. In the past, when the noon We earnestly request your vote in the hour has been set apart for a special seraffirmative for Federal Amendment to vice of humiliation and confession, rich the Constitution to prohibit manufacture blessings hav'e been the result. ' and sale of liquor in the United States. OUTLINE OF PROGRAM-TOPICS (Signed) …………….. . 10-11 A. M.-Praise and Thanksgiving. With the hope that a great united Scripture: Psalm 100 :1-5: Psalm 145 :1-10. movement may rid our land from the curse of drink and protect countries 11 A. M.-12 M.-Mission Work and Workwhere we are carrying the Gospel of ers in all lands. Scripture: Col. 4:2-4: Christ from the frightful devastation of Eph. 6 :18, 19 i 2 Thess. 3:1, 2. liquor sent from our country, we plead for immediate united action by all Wo- 12 M.-l P. M.-Prayer for the Spirit of Humen's Missionary Societies. miliation and Confession. Scripture: Jas. Let women in every city and town take the initiative in this campaign. 4:10; 1 Peter 5:5, 6 i Isa. 57:15 i Psalm Send the strongest possible message 51 :1-13. signed by voters. If material is. needed 1-1.30 P. M.-For Native Church and Union for mass meetings secure the pamphlet Colleges for Women. Scripture: Mark "Defeat or Victory," by Mee and 6 :34-37, first clause. Holden. We should learn by the tragic 1.30-2 P. M.-For Home Church. Scripture: mistakes of our Allies. The price of the John 17 :9-11, 15-26. pamphlet is 25 cents. Address, Ameri- 2-3 P. M.-For Nations at War. Scripture: can Issue Publishing Company, Wester- Isa. 32 :17, 18 ; Hosea 10 :12; Psalm ville, Ohio. 46 :8-11 i Isa. 2 :4. 3-3.30 P. M.-Young Women's Hour. Scrip- A course of four lectures on "WorId ture:EccI.12:1; Provo 8:17; Psalm 144:12. Friendship" is to be given in November 3.3H P. M.-Quiet Hour and Re-consecrain Providence, R. I., Yonkers, N. Y., and tion. Scripture: Jas. 4:8; Heb. 10:22 i Montclair, N. J. Churches of all de- Rom. 12:1 i 1 Chron.' 29 :5, last clause. nominations are uniting in this interest. We must Christianize international trea- The program will be published in full, in ties, and strengthen missionary giving. leaflet form, by the Central Committee. Afte-r the middle of November, order copies of Miss M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass. Price per 50 and 100 copies to Women's Boards at reasonable rates.

NOTB.-Please have above inserted in your denominational periodicals.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN 94I

THE SISTER COLL~GE MOVE- been evidenced in the campaign plans of MENT the Sister College Movement.

MRs. MARY CARR CURTIS First, an arrest of thought comes with Student Secretary Woman's .Foreifl.n Mis- a Stock-taking Poster on the college bul- sionary Society, MethodISt EpIS- copal Church letin board-a girl who is spending $50 a year on "eats" and fun, and has (de- ' T ducting what she pays in tuition) an an- HE world-encircling chain of col- nual$2So gratis spent by the Univer- leges for women planne.d by ~ed,er­ sity on her education, gives 2Sc a year ated missionary leaders has given nse ~o for the girl without a college chance! Closely following the personal implia movement among women students In cation of such statements, dormitories America known as the "Sister Colleg;e Movement" which, even in its incipI- and campus are placarded with the Sister ency, is re,cognized as " on~f0 ~he I.m- College slogan, "Share Your Spending portant factors in promotmg mterna- Money!"

tional friendship." Various publicity schemes, including At a time when war cries fairly deaf- advertisements and articles in the college paper, prepare for the rally, whi.ch someened the world, twelve churches from times is a woman's mass meetmg or a four nations joined in founding the Wo- limtern-slide lecture; sometimes a Chimen's Christian College in Madrasthe first time in all history, we are t?ld, nese or India banquet or a Japanese tea party with all the "pep" and pretty ways when different nations and denom,?ations have actually joined in holding of college life. Pledges are usually taken pro perty! Ginling College, Nanking, and the Union College in Tokyo came s'heenrte~esfowllohwo eadrebyapapocratinovnaesds of the ablater as strong links in the chain. . to various Such adventures in faith and unaOlm- members of the missionary committee.

At Northwestern University last year ity have not failed to stir the soul of the a committee of ten, each with ten assistcollege student. ants, planned and carried out the cam- The challenge of the church is being paign. They held semi-monthly meet- ings of devotion,. business and discussion met by the college mind, the college throughout the year. Missionary litera- ture was read in preparation for their heart and the college pocketbook. . ' Even before the chapel bell rang Its first rapturous summons at Madras for work; educational posters planned; a the girls of South India, their college lantern-slide lecturt: arranged; pictures from Isabella Thoburn College and letwas the college of Ame~ican girls, ~nd ters from its Y. W. C. A. officers dishigh in the halls of quamt old CarlIsle hung the legend, "Dickinson girls for tributed; a leaflet printed to give each girl as she paid her pledge, and a scrap- India girls." book record pf the committee work made It was in April, 1915, at De Pauw for the benefit of future committees. University, that three splendid resolu- While $600 for Isabella Thoburn 'tions were passed-the Magna Charta College- was a welcome contribution to of the Sister College Movement: the treasury of the Methodist Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, of even I. That 'a college in the Orient ~e taken as a Sister College in a really SIS- greater value to that Board is the trainterly way. ing of one hundred young women as II. That the plan be presented to missionary workers. every girl in college. Of inestimable value to the cause of III. That contributions be asked on missions is the attitude of students who the "share-your-spending-money" plan. realize intellectual and moral equality The scientific, systematic side of the with those they are helping. Missionary American college girl, which goes along work is not Lady Bountiful tossing a few with her big heart and love of fun, has pennies to "poor" miserable, sufiering

heathen," nor is it merely satisfying curi- Movement, paper SOc, cloth $1.00.) Sherosity about "those queer girls over wood Eddy. ~apter III, Student Life in there." It finds a basis of respect for an Japan. Appendix Band C. Chapter VI. Oriental neighbor, even "as thyself," and mission study classes appear in a new NAMIKO, a realistic nove1.-(Yura Kusha, light. Tokyo, about 30c.) Toku Tomi. These books may be ordered from The Thirty-five Methodist colleges are now affiliated with seven colleges in the Methodist Book Concern, 740 Rush St., Chi- Orient. In colleges of other denomina- cago, III. tions, the plan has started and colleges like Smith, which pledges $1,000 an- GINLING COLLEGE, NANKING, CHINA. nually for the Chair of English Literature and History in Ginling College, PAMPHLETS. while not using the nomenclature, might be counted in the Movement. Ginling College, 1915.-Presbyterian Mis- Further information may be had by sionary Press. addressing the writer at Carralta Place, Salem, Ohio. Bulletin of Ginling College, Announce- BOOKS FOR THE SISTER COL- ment, 1915. Issued by Board of Contro1.

LEGE CAMPAIGN Constitution of Ginling College, 1915.

EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN.-(ReveIl, "Starting A College In China."-Mn. $1.25). Margaret E. Burton. Lawrence Thurston, Shanghai.-American EVOLUTION OF THE JAPANESE.-(ReveIl, $2.00). Sidney L. Gulick. Incomparably the best Presbyterian Missionary Press, 1915. exposition of Japan's evolution and na- tional character, as weIl as of its people, Ginling College, Report of the President that has been published in any western tongue. pp. 463. 1915-16. May, 1916, Nanking, China. '

SUNRISE IN THE SUNRISE KINIlDOM.-(Mission- MAGAZINES. ary Education Movement. SOc. pp. 233.) John H. DeForest. Brief and interesting Bulletin of the Federation of Woman's text-book, intended primarily for church Boards of Foreign Missions (now depart- young people's classes; useful statistics. ment of Missionary Review of the World).

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN THE JAPANESE EM- October, 1914 ……………… page 15-16 PIRE.-(Missy. Education Movement. $1.2S. June, 1915 ………………… page 6- 7 pp. 371.) 1916 Year Book Japan Confer- June, 1916 ………………… page 10-13 ence of Federation Missions. July, 1916 ………………… page 7. 9 October, 1916 ……………… page 12 CHRISTIAN EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN THE EAST; being addresses delivered at a Con- Woman's Missionary Friend: ference of University Women at Oxford, Sept. 4-10, 1912. London Student Chris- October, 1915 •.•••.•…….. page 351-353 tian Movement, 1912. pp. 160. February, 1916 .•…•……. page 51 June, 1916 ……………… page 203 .WESTERN WOMEN IN EASTERN LANDS.- October, 1915 ………….. .. (Macmillan Co.) Helen Barrett Montgom- April, 1911 ………………. page llS ery. Chapter V, The New Woman of the Orient. SOc. The Missionary Review of the World: June, 1917, page 460-462. -THE KING'S HIGHWAY.-(Central Commit- tee United Study of Foreign Missions, INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP West Medford, Mass. SOc). Helen Bar- rett Montgomery. Chapter VI" The Hid- CARDS FOR CHRISTMAS den Leaven. "A PRAYER FOR WORLD FRIENDSHIP." By -Dux CHRISTus.-(MacmiIlan Co. SOc). Harry Emerson Fosdick. William Elliott Griffis. Contains outline map, themes for study or discussion, book "A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE FOR WAR TIMI!.n lists. By Lucy W. Peabody. Price S cents each. Purchase in quantity. *These books will be donated by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, if not SPECIAL HELPS FOR PASTORS AND OTHER already in your library. CHRISTIAN WORKERS-A STUDY COURSE THE STUDENTS OF ASIA.-(Student Volunteer "A New Era in Human History." 10 cents. A four weeks' study of world reconstruc- tion suited for Prayer Meetings, Adult Bible Classes and Men's Groups.

"Helps for Leaders of Discussion Groups." 15 cents.

Package of Additional Helps. 25 cents. Issued by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America and The World Alliance for International Friend- ship, 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

fROM

EUROPE try, where the new draft army is under- going training. It is intended, further, British and German Missions so far as funds permit, to open Salva- tion Army rest rooms in every city near SPEAKING in the United Free a camp site or where soldiers in large Church Assembly Mr. J. H. Old- numbers are quartered in armories.

ham, of Edinburgh, alluded to the effect The MeAll Mission of the war on missions generally, and observed that. the work of British mis- REV. GEORGE T. BERRY, Amersions had been maintained unimpaired. The extent of the mission work of the ican secretary of the MeAll Mis- Protestant churches of Germany was larger than was generally realized. The sion, writes from France: total work of German Protestant missions was roughly about three times as "The more I see of the work: of our large as the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church missions combined. beloved mission, even in these days of Mr. Oldham, in speaking of the situation created in the Gold Coast by the tragedy and sorrow, the more my own removal of the German missionaries from Basel, said that the Government faith in its future deepens and expands. had written to the Foreign Missions Committee asking whethet the Commit- The station at Rouen I have never seen tee could take over the work if the Basel Mission had to come to an end, or more absolutely alive nor its devoted whether they would be willing to cooperate with the Swiss part of the Mis- director more in earnest, and this despite sion if it could be reorganized on a basis satisfactory to the Government. A dep- the absence of a score of helpers who are utation of their missionaries in Calabar had visited the Gold Coast and had writ- serving as volunteers among the army of ten of the great opportunity that was now presented there and expressed the nurses or actually at the front with the hope that the Church would rise to a new sense of responsibility in the matter. colors. At least 10,000 refugees from Salvationists at the Front the north and from Belgium have found OVER $900,000 had been spent by shelter, food, clothes and friends in our the Salvation Army in France and big SoIidarite at Rouen, and the 'Femi- Great Britain in the construction and maintenance of more than 200 rest nine Group' continues to' sew and sew rooms, 183 hutments, 70 hostels and 35 ambulances before America entered and sew for their loved ones on the batthe war. At the beginning of August, the first American contingent of Salva- tle line, or for the still poorer ones all tionists, consisting of twenty officers, sailed to begin work among the Ameri- about them. And it is the friends in can soldiers in France. America who have made this service pos- Army huts and rest rooms have also been opened and are being opened at sible." . many of the cantonments in this coun- Mr. Berry speaks of Paris as being "so sadly familiar, yet strange," with sad faced women in black blouses standing at the motors of the tramways, collect- ing fares in the crowded cars or wash- ing down the streets with hos;. Men on crutches, with arms in sI.ings or bandaged eyes, are on every corner. The mission meetings for women are well attended though, and have gone on without inter: ruption."

Gipsy Smith in France GIPSY SMITH, who has been at . work: in France under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, recently wrote: • "The leaders of a large majority of

the huts in France are clergymen, whose During the past year I received in my churches have loaned their services for own home about 24,000 patients. All a period to do this work. That means had opportunity to hear the Gospel. a closer sympathy on the part of the Many took the New Testament and Church for the Association movement tracts which were offered to them i a and a new respect on the part of the spirit of in:quiry was manifested and we men, for the clergy. hope soon to be able to see definite fruit.

"The Association is, by its army work, "The work in Lodz, a city in Russian proving itself to be a communication Poland, harboring 170,000 Jews, has trench for the churches. My message to been carried on uninterruptedly during the American Association movement is the past year. Missionary Kohl writes that it should put all it has into the work that the visitors at the Bible Depot were -money, brains and heart. The boys are no fewer than during the year before, built of big stuff, and they are worthy yet the number was a good deal smaller of far more than we can ever give them than before the. war." or do for them. The more we do and give, the greater will be the harvest." MOSLEM LANDS IN ASIA Chinese Coolies in France The Refugees' Problem D R. JAMES F. COOPER, of FOG- M ISS BUTTERFIELD, an Amer- chow, China, has gone to France, ican missionary in Jerusalem, tells with his Chinese medical assistant and of having received many pitiful appeals four nurses, to look after the health and from representatives of the thousands of comfort of some 3,000 Chinese coolies, Armenian refugees who were living east who are working for the Allies behind of the Jordan under the open sky, with the lines. Knowing their language and scanty clothing and almost no food. their ways, and desiring to do his full Some of the men who came to her had share in the great struggle, he offered been deacons in American missio'n himself for this service when the British churches in their own cities. One of authorities called for a medical volun- these said: teer. He conducted his strange army across the Pacific, across Canada, across "I have been sent by our members to the Atlantic, and now he is their Good you for advice. We have no home. Our Samaritan in France. What an illustra- food and clothing are insufficient. Many tion of the far-reach of the war, its rami- are dying of starvation. 'IUousands of fications into the distant parts of the our people in Armenia have been cast earth! And what a testimony it is of into the river. Some have been collected the readiness of the missionaries to turn in rooms, and after being covered with their hands to. any service which comes oil, have been burned to death. Thoualong! sands have died on the roadside as we were fleeing. Our wives and beautiful Missions to Jews in Russia girls are being carried off into harems. What shall we do? We have been D R. FOHWEIN, a representative of promised food if we will change our re-' the Society of Friends of Israel at ligion. Shall we turn or starve? Can work in Wilna, Russia, writes: you not help us in some way?" "What could we say?" says Miss Butterfield. "The work during the past year was "There was but one reply we knew to chiefly a work of love and consisted of make. It was this: 'Go back and tell healing the sick, feeding the hungry, and your friends that if they die with Chirst comforting the unfortunate, and this op- they will be happier than if they live portunity was always used to point to without Him.''' She concludes : "We Him Who was an example for this ser- have heard of many who stood true to vice 'of love. To this we must add the Christ in the face of extreme suffering. biblical lectures, which, by permission of On the other hand, many have been unthe authorities, we could take up again. able to stand the test and are nominally,

FROM MANY LANDS ,945

·at least, bearing the name of the religion from ripening crops, living unsheltered on stones, indescribable rags, starvation, of their oppressors." sickness and filth, human beings in state The Wa'r in Bible Lands of oriental street dogs with whom they compete for offal. Work already done "T HE course of the present war," by Americans for Armenians, Syrians, writes a contributor to the Sun- and Assyrians is national triumph, but day School Times, "has already carried vastness of continuing need is overus over the whole range of human his- whelming. Turkish speaking re-inforcetory from Genesis to Revelation. Th<:: ments and field reorganizations on larger first attack on Bagdad brought the loca- scale necessary. Congregational Presbytion of the Garden of Eden into our terian Mission Turkey, Persia vindidaily telegrams, ;md made us look up the cated by brilliant present service of ABC nations of antiquity-Assyria, Aemricans and trained helpers. Babylonia, and Chaldea. The attempted invasion of Egypt carried us back to (Signed) "ELLIS-BEURY."

Egypt; and now the counter attack ot A Substitute for a Doctor Egypt carries us into Sinai, through the Desert of Exodus, and into the Holy T HE Rev. Dwight M. Donaldson, Land. The tragedy of Greece, through of Meshed, not a physician, is at- her king now expelled and the Allied tempting in a small way to give medical force at Salonica, lead us into the almost assistance to the people with whom he unexplored scenes of the Book of the is working. He writes: "Our friends Acts and the early centuries of Christian' who know that we are not physicians church history. All Bible lands-:-Asia wonder at this, but we only have one Minor, Mesopotamia, Persia and Egypt, medical missionary in all Khorasan (on with Syria and Palestine, the Holy Land the border of Afghanistan) as big ill itself-have resounded to the tread of actual territory as either France or advancing or retreating armies, and ly- Germany. Dr. Hoffman is kept busy ing as they do at the juncture of tht' at his little hospital at Meshed, but three continents of Europe, Asia, and with his co-operation, we fitted out a Africa, these Bible lands must continue small medical case and when we cannot to be a battleground for the powers who help the sick we try to send them to the are warring for the extension of their hospital. As I am writing, an invitapossessions, or spheres of influence in the tion has come from Afghans themselves most remote portions of the habitable for us to itinerate in their country with globe." a doctor." But there is no doctor to send! From Eye Witnesses T HE American Committee for Ar- Mission Property Destroyed menian and Syrian Relief sent two DETAILED reports from Rev. Dr.

commissioners, William T. Ellis and E. E. Lavy deal with the prospects Charles H. Beury, who went at their of reopening the work of the Church own expense to investigate conditions in Missionary Society in Bagdad. The en- Persia and the Russian Caucasus. The tire equipment of the hospital has been following cablegram, dated October 9, lost, with the exception of a portion of has been received from them: the building, which is still intact. The "If what we saw to-day in Sunni house, in which were stored the goods, Mosque U rumia could be transplanted not only of the Mission and the mission- ten hours westward to Madison Square, aries, but also of most of the Europeans New York, every newspaper in America in the city, has been looted; even the would ring with story of most abject iron bars have been taken from the win- spectacle in world at war and millions dows; while the bricks, wood and other for relief would follow straightway. things prepared for the new hospital Refugees from mountain villages, driven have been stolen. Practically the whole

of the school equipment likewise has were the merciless persecutions that oc- vanished. curred. But finally the District Super- intendent of Police proposed that a suit- INDIA able village where there was arable land be made available for settlers, and that Freed'from Fear of Devils all of this criminal tribe, who desired to live a new life of honesty, be invited to F RIGHTENED by visions of devils,a come and settle in this village under the Chinese woman, her husband and 7 special care and oversight of a Christian I:hildren moved from one house to another pastor and teacher. Gradually the news in the Chinese quarter of Rangoon, Bur- of this admirable arrangement spread and mah. She went to the Joss House to whole families soon began to move to the worship and brought idols from there to village and take up land. A house for her home; put up devil papers and made the pastor was erected and he began the offerings, etc., but all in vain. The dev- work of instruction and spiritual leaderils would not let her sleep. The nerv- ship. The result has been almost pheous strain was too much for her health nomenal. Evening prayers have for a and, utterly miserable in mind and body, long time now been the daily feature of she came to Kim Tin, a Chinese woman this unique Christian community. The who has taken hospital training. This Hindu and Mohammedan police officers wise little nurse not only took her to a recognize the change in the lives of these good doctor, but also began telling her people, and ask the missionaries, "How of God's Son, Jesus Christ, who came did you do it?" into the world for the purpose of delivering all who trust in Him from the Giving Up Idolatry power of devils. The woman was attracted by her words and came every T HE people of Lahore, India, are day to report her state of health and to getting more of a conscience about hear more of this good news. Kim Tin idolatry than ever before," writes Mrs. told her that she ,must trust God, not F. M. Vilson, a missionary of the idols, and that she must clear lier house of any tokens of idolatry. So the wom- M. E. Church. "I wish it were PQSan returned all the idols she had borrowed from the Joss House, tore down sible for you to be present on one the devil papers and cleaned the house. occasion, such as we frequently have, This was the beginning of a new life of when all the people of a caste decide t& freedom and peace. give up idolatry. They gather together and after final discussion, decision A Community of Former Thieves and prayer, the leaders demolish the public shrine. It is interesting to watch A CRIMINAL tribe of Hindus,whose the expression on the faces of the existence was largely one continual people. With some it is one of triumph, round of thieving, getting caught and with others a sort of grim determinaimprisonment, seemed almost hopeless tion, and with a few there is sometimes material to the first mission workers who a look of lingering fear, lest the spirit went among them; and even when a few which they have believed for so many did come to the point of desiring baptism, years has resided in that shrine may have it was found that their motive in it all power to injure them." was that the Mission might be able to secure them immunity from punishment Child-Murder to Appease Gods for their crimes. Still, the work went on and gradually the truth of the Gos-' A CALCUTTA daily paper repel began to sink down into their hearts. cently reported a trial in which Some began to give up stealing and went three women and their Guru (religious to farming, but the police refused to be- preceptor) were charged with killing lieve in their good intentions and many two little boys. The act of murder was perpetrated by the women at the insti-

FROM MANY LANDS

gation of the' Guru to appease the gods, SIAM AND ANNAM with the assurance that, after having ONE been offered as meat, the children The Bible for the Kamoo People would be found alive again! The jury ?f the large. tribes in French in the case found a verdict of murder terntory bordenng on the King- against the Guru and the mother of the dom of Siam is that of the Kamoos.

children. In some reflections on the Four years ago a young Kamoo man incident, an Indian missionary, Rev. came. for treatment to the Presbyterian G. P. Barss, of Tekkali, says: HOSPItal at Lakawn, Siam. While un- "As long as there is a country where der treatment, he was converted, and such crimes may be committed in thl! when he was finally allowed baptism, he name of religion, and where the biog- could read and pray and had brought raphies of their gods allow the people two of his fellow tribesmen to accept to think that theft, licentiousness of the Christ as their Savior. Now he limps worst types, cruelty and murder are of- only slightly and travels with great vim ferings acceptable to them, just so long and energy. He has proven himself a good evangelistic worker, not only does that land most urgently need the among his own people, but among the Lao as well. revelation of God as it is in Jesus Christ." The Kamoo people have no religion The Agricultural Missionary other than spirit worship. They have no written language, so when it was sug- M RS. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM gested that through this young Kamoo is a great help to her husband in man a translation of the Bible for that his remarkable agricultural enterprise in tribe be begun, the Lao written character Jumna, not only by her sympathy with was chosen for the purpose. The transhis work, but in her dispensary, where lation work is most laborious, but the she ministers to over thirty patients wife of the head physician assists, and every morning. She writes in The there is a Lao scribe. When the trans- Presbyterian: lation is read to the Kamoo men who come to the hospital for treatment, they "The farm grows in popularity so fast are delighted with it and want the work that missionaries who said five years ago hurried up, we could never get students are now beg- ging us to tuck a pet protege in some- where so he can get an agricultural Siamese Learn to Listen IT training. Several such have had to-be is a never-ceasing wonder to the turned away in spite of our two new dormitories, built since going horne. Re- missionary in Siam to see the people quests come for agricultural advice from of the villages listen attentively while he rich and poor, high-caste and low-caste. is preaching. Preaching they are used to, Our American farm machinery is in but not to listening. For many cen~ great demand, and better still, the na- turies it has been the custom among the tive ruling princes' are constantly ask- Siamese Buddhists to take their offering ing to borrow the agricultural mission- to the temple and put it down, then go aries for whom they are willing to pay off into some corner and talk to groups double expenses, and allow them to of friends and acquaintances about the preach in their States, where mission- price of food or the last murder in their aries have never been allowed before. neighborhood while the priest preaches My husband is to sit on an Advisory at the top of his lungs in Bali, a lan- Agricultural Council called· by the Gov- guage which even he himself cannot un- ernment to suggest plans for the devel- derstand.

opment of scientific agriculture in ~n­ But there is something in the Chris- dia." tian religion that they can really un- [The story of Mr. Higginbottom's work for derstand and believe, and in many places India was graphically told in the REVIEW for April, 1916] the whole viIlage, except the few per-

sons told off to watch the houses, will sit cured the position of physician in the.

in the missionary's tent and listen earn- Government's women's dispensary at estly at each meeting for many days. Koukong, a city between Hongkong and Rev. Paul A. Eakin, afPetchaburi, re- Canton. Here she worked five years cently visited seven different villages and and her many good deeds are much at every place, there is no organ or talked of. Her assistance to the local graphophone or stereopticon to draw the' church, both as an evangelist and as a crowds, but simply announced that there truStee, did much for its success. Money would be preaching, and young and old and honors came to her, but through all were there. she remained the modest, gentle lady her childhood had promised. Formerly, when CHINA one asked parents to sen<i their girls to Conversions in Canton College school, the answer was likely to be, "Who can teach a sweet potato any- S PECIAL services, whic~ were hel~ a thing?" or, "Girls can't learn." But . few months ago in Canton ChrIs- since Dr. Wen graduated and won ijIld tian College, had most gratifying re- held the position she has in a strange sults. The preacher for both meetings city, no one has dared to cast further was the Rev. Frank Lee, of the Bap- reproach on women's education. tist Mission. Mr. Lee was born and reared in America, and combines in his Consequences of a Temple Fire preaching much of the intelligence, I N Fenchow, Shansi Province, China, strength, and earnestness of our best where the American Board has a Western Christianity with a very deep station, there was a big fire in a temple love for his fellow-countrymen in China. some time ago. I t began while 1,500 At the close of a very earnest and ap- people were crowded into the courtyard pealing address on Sunday mormng, Mr. and the men stampeded, leaving the Lee called upon those who were pre- women and children behind, so that pared to accept Christ and give their over sixty were trampled upon and lives to His service to confess their de- killed or injured. The police all ran cision by rising. Without a moment's away, but after a hard fight, the mission- hesitation forty-seven students stood up aries kept the fire from spreading to in all parts of the hall. the native houses and managed to ex- tinguish the flames in the end of the Six others later made the same' deci- sion, bringing the total up to fifty-three. temple where the gods, "The Judges ot , Arrangements were made at once to con- nect the converts with the various Hell," lived. They "saved" these gods, churches in Canton. Special classes were but not without damage to their false also formed for them, so that their faces and bead decorations and finally, Christian life may be strengthened and as the people drew near, the missionaries rightly directed, especially in its early could not resist the temptation of point- stages. The result of these meetings is ing to the sorry plight of these deities, a great encouragement and inspiration to sitting among the ruins of their temple.

the teachers and the Christian students, The next day the magistrate sent the and it cannot fail to strengthen the re- thanks of the city to the missionaries and ligious life of the college. the Chinese church members who had A Chinese Woman's Success helped, together with a contribution for the sufferers from the fire, who were D R. JANE WEN, a Chinese woman being cared for in the mission hospital. physician in South China, has re- Then the temple managers invited the cent1y died at the untimely age of twen- Americans to a feast, and the Chief of ty-nine. She was a village girl with an Police arranged for the missionaries to unquestionable thirst for knowledge. conduct preaching services in the temple She gradually worked her way up to the court, in order that the people might Hackett Medical School, graduated, se- learn the "Jesus doctrine." These ser-

FROM MANY LANDS

vices went on with great success and since she is one of a few women of his were extended into the suburbs. Two own race that realizes and undertsands thousand pieces of Christian literature his peculiar aspirations. Her slightest were placed in the shops of the city. pre-nuptial wish is law."

New Work in South China Evangelism in Manchuria T HE Tai speech of Indo-China, R EV. D. c. DAVIDSON writes spoken by as many in South China from Hulan, Manchuria: as in Siam, is one of .the great languages "There is at present in China a of Asia. . The Cantonese in China are steadily rising spiritual tide. The week of evangelism at Chinese New Year was of the Tai race, of one blood with the observed throughout the country, pracpeople of Siam, and Canton is his- tically every member taking part. Here torically a Tai city, so that the traveler, our week: stretched out to a fortnight. familiar with the Tai speech, hears at Every morning we met at the chapel for least a third of the Cantonese talking prayer, from haH-past nine to ten. Then much as do their neighbors in Siam. we all, loaded up with Gospels and other Scripture portions and tracts, Counting the Cantonese people as Tai formed up in the main street in proin speech as well as in race, tht; T ai cession. A bell-ringer went in front, reach the grand aggregate of nearly sixty then two men each carrying a huge flag; million people. To reach them-especial- then a man with a square canvas inly the five to ten millions in South China scribed in Chinese, 'Hulan Christian -workers must be sent among them Church Veek of Evangelism Execuwho can speak in the Chinese tongue. Efforts to reach them in Chinese have tive.' Then there were five men carry- irig £lags on which were the characters failed, but so far no Board has been able to open up a definite work for these people. The missionaries who have 'Loved,' 'Gave,' 'Believeth,' 'Perish' learned the Tai speech are peculiarly (this was painted in black, the others in fitted for the task, and the Presbyterian red), 'Life'-the five leading ideas from aoard opened in the early part of this John iii. 16. Off we went, singing the year the first station of the North Siam . hymn 'The Kingdom of God has come.' Mission at Chiengrung, in Yunnan Every few hundred yards a halt was made, the crowd gathered round in three province of Southwestern China. or more groups, and as many speakers Education vs. Plural Marriages began addressing them. Then the bell- ringer moved on again, after a few A RECENT writer in the Far minutes, and the procession followed. This went on till between two and three . Eastern Review points out the P. M.; it took: eight days to do the whole effect of Western education on the city in this manner. Then each day at Oriental custom of plural marriage, and five we met in the chapel, which was especially the influence of the Young elaborately illuminated for the occasion, Men's and Young Women's Christian outside and in;·and preaching to the Associations in bringing about the heathen went on till nine o'clock.- change. Record of United Free Church of Scot- land. "Marriages among the returned girl students take place soon after they reach JAPAN-CHOSEN China again and scarcely one nuptial is drawn between two foreign educated Chinese that does not contain an agree- War Times in Japan ment, either explicit or tacit, that the REV. DAVID S. SPENCER, of wife shall be the only wife so long as the Methodist Mission in Nagoya, she shaH live. The wife with foreign Japan, notes these four elements in the education is a precious thing in China effect of the war on missionaries in in the eyes of the returned student, Japan: ( 1) The 'rise in the cost of liv-

ing and its effect upon all our work: as Such conditions result from the fact missionaries. For example, the cost of that Japan is developing rapidly in all building has more than doubled since the superficial elements of civilization, last year. (2) The new lines of activi- but without the corrective influence of ties which we are called upon to under- Christian principles. It is for the church- take in the interests of our sons and • es of Christendom to say whether this brothers on the French front, and our condition shall persist, leaving Japan to Allies in Mesopotamia. (3) The re- develop a pagan civilization that will ligious awakening manifest in Japan, to- shame and threaten the world.

gether with such a scramble for money among certain classes as we have never Fruits of a Revival before seen in this land. To meet this new demand, we are ill-prepared. Now IN Ong Nang Hi in Chennampo, that Japan is all open, we must, as a Korea, the old mud-walled, mud- Church, not be found unfaithful to our floored, thatch-roofed church is miserably trust. Advocates of a strong national- inadequate. Both money and work; istic campaign are pushing Shintoism were needed to start a new building.. with all their might, and Buddhism, Then a revival spread all over the disawakening to the meaning of the crisis, trict and Christians became enthusiastic is redoubling its efforts. But with un- over building a new church. 1 he pastor flinching faith on the part of the Chris- said, "I do not think if all the congretian Church, we need not doubt as to gation owns was sold,' it would bring the outcome. Christianity has, on the 300 yen." Yet these revived Christians whole made a mighty impression upon subscribed a total of 250 yen. One Japan, and we shall win if we fight on. woman went to the moulltains for a e4) The missionaries are also making week, gathered wood and, carrying it a contribution to the war of sixty-five into the village, sold it in the street. husbands, brothers, sons and daughters. Three other women cut off the long~ black hair of which they were vain and Factory Slavery in Japan sold it.

GALEN FISHER, in "The Chris- The revival produced another re- tian Movement in Japan/' draws markable effect. Forty men went to the seacoast to bring in timbers for the a terrible picture of the exploitation of church, but they could not budge the girls in Japanese factories. There are .great logs. In discouragement they 471,877 women and girls employed, went b;tck to the village. Here they which is 56 per cent. of the personnel fasted and prayed for three days. At of these establishments. Sixty-four per length a great spiritual revival came; cent. are under twenty years of age, they returned to the seacoast and from and of these, twenty-three per cent are thirty to sixty men moved the logs, and under fourteen years. Hours range from almost before they knew it, the timbers twelve to sixteen in silk and weaving were in the site for the new church. factories, and night work is common.

A Not infrequently the ~irls eat their rice How Korean Women Give while tending their machines, for to take PRESBYTERIAN woman misthe allotted time would incur the ill-will ()f the foreman. The weighing of 1,350 sionary in Syen Chun, Korea, girls after a night shift showed an aver- writes that the native Christian women, age loss of weight of one and a half who make up the Women's Missionary poy-nds, and in the succeeding day shifts Society, are supporting twelve out of this weight is not recovered. Wages the eighteen missionaries who are at run from 26 to 31 yen a day (say 14 work under that presbytery. She says: cents), which is a little more than one- "I have been interested in hearing how half what is paid to male factory they get the money, for Korean women workers. have no money. One young woman

FROM MANY LANDS 95

whose family wouldn't let her have ber was 473, in 1906. Last year, in money for the missionary society got ten spite of the war, 772 sailed for the eggs and gave them to a poor woman field. These missionaries have included nearby; when the chickens were big ordained men, laymen, educationalists, enough to sell, they divided the profits doctors and Y. M. C. A. workers. The and both became members of the mission- women include the wives, unmarried ary society. One old lady wanted to be- teachers, physi~ians and Y. W. C. A.

long here but couldn't earn anything secretaries.

and hadn't a thing to sell. Her brother While these figures may seem large thought she needed a new skirt and. gave to those who have a small idea of the her one yen. 'Joy!' says the old lady, importance and value of missionary 'I don't need a new slcirt, I'll give my work, they are disgracefully small com- money to the missionary society.' " pared with the number of men and women who have arisen to the call of NORTH AMERICA their country to serve in the European TSunday-schools and the Syrians war. More men have volunteered in one day in America for war service than HE Christian Sunday-school chil- all the men arid women who have gone dren of the world are uniting in a to foreign mission fields in the last four- plan to help the suffering children of the teen years. As Mr. F. P. Turner, the lands to which Christ first came. The Secretary of the Student Volunteer Sunday-school War Council, which com- Movement, says: "Evidently the ma- bines the interests of the International jority of the 20,000,000 Potestant Sunday School Association, the Sunday Church members do not take seriously School Council of Evangelical Denomi- their responsibility to evangelize the nations and the World's Sunday School world." Will they -learn a lesson from Association, is issuing an appeal to the the lavish expenditure of men and money 20-miIlion Sunday-school children of the in the present war?

world to make a Christmas offering for Work for Soldier Boys the starving children in Armenia and Syria. It is hoped that a fund of T HE Methodist Board of Home Missions has set out to raise $250,- $1,000,000 will be raised before Christ- 000 to provide facilities for re-enforcing mas. Methodist chaplains in the camps, and Methodist churches around the camps. The American Red Cross in Wash- The plans for the Michigan camp, for ington has establishe<1 a special Sunday- example, illustrate what it is proposed school department to reach millions of to do. There are 36,000 men there and Sunday-school children through the various religious bodies.

Fourteen Years of Recruiting the Young Men's Christian Association has some forty workers in it, with half OVER 8,500 new Protestant mis- a dozen buildings. Every day 6,000 sionaries have gone out from North recruits out on leave, will flock to the America to the foreign mission field dur- neighboring towns, Battle Creek, Kala- ing the past fourteen years. Five thou- mazoo, etc., with time and money to sand of these have been women-in- spend. A large proportion will be lads cluding 2,122 wives of missionaries. from Methodist homes. It is proposed This in itself is an evidence of the very to have at least one Methodist church valuable work that the Student Volun- always open, as a rendezvous where teer Movement has done, for most of these boys, their mothers and friends, these recruits have been enlisted through will be welcome, and will find "some- the efforts of this Movement. The larg- body who cares." Of course, there will est number sent out in anyone year be "meetings"–evangelistic, social, en- was in 1912, when 800 missionaries tertaining, with the best speakers and went to the field. The smallest num- other features that can be secured-but

the object of it all will be to befriend tian work in their native land. Pastor.

the soldier, as the folks' at home would Feder, who, was exiled by the former like to have him helped~ Russian Government, is now free to re- turn to Petrograd, but he believes that Winning Souls in New York he can serve his country best by remain- ing in America for a time to train pas- T HE work on the streets of the tors and teachers, who will carry the Bronx during the summer outdoor message of Life to New Russia. Roman evangelistic campaign of the National and Greek Catholics and Jews are re- Bible Institute of New York has been ceived into the school, where they are most encouraging to all who have the ad- taught English and other branches in vancement of Christ's Kingdom at heart. addition to Bible instruction. The men In the interval between April 11 and live at small expense and the school is October 11 more than 36,000 men and dependent on free will offerings for sup- ,women of the Bronx have heard the port.

Gospel message as it has been proclaimed each day at the outdoor meetings held by LATIN AMERICA the workers of the Institute at its Bronx Influence of Mexican Protestants Gospel Hall, 499 East 153rd Street. Of this number, 614 have professed to ac- R EV. w. A. ROSS writes in The cept Christ as their personal, Savior. In Christian Ohseroer: "For some connection with the Bronx Gospel Hall, yeilfS Protestants in Mexico have influ- there are two indoor Sunday-schools. enced public and social life in a way far The regular school has an enrollment of beyond .what their numerical strength a little more than 200, while the Italian would cause one to expect. This influschool is new and has a membership of ence has been exerted in a larger way, 125. Of the 25 teachers engaged in perhaps, through the public schools these schools, many are from among the taught by Protestant teachers than in converts of the Hall. any other way. Graduates from Evan- In quite another r~gion of the city- gelical normal schools have been sought, the section known as "the Tenderloin" after by the State authorities for places -the National Bible Institute is doing of importance in the schools. This has , a fine work through its McAuley Cre- been especially true of graduates from morne l.1ission. Striking testimonials the Evangelical schools for girls and , from refonned drunkards and others at women.

the evening meetings show the power "But it has been left for the present· that is going out through these channels. struggle for political liberty in Mexico Other lines of activity are outdoor meet- to elevate to places of prominence in ings, home visitation, indoor evangelistic civil and military life a number of services, Sunday-schools and Bible classes. Evangelicals. This has been noted more than once and has created comment.

A New Link with Russia Some have said that this fact makes it – evident that the present struggle is a pASTOR FETLER, of Petrograd, Protestant movement. It would be who was last year in charge of the nearer the truth to say that Protestants Russian Bible Institute heJd in the Sec- generally have been in sympathy with ond Avenue Baptist Church, New York, this movement because they have always'

has now opened an Institute in Phila- been ready to throw off political and re- delphia under the auspices of the newly ligious tyranny, and very naturally in organized Russian Missionary and Edu- this struggle we might expect to find cational Society, 6f which Dr. Cortland some of them taking a leading part. The Myers is president. Property has been training they have received' would lead- purchased for the Institute and 128 them into such a movement and their young Russians have begun their studies capacity would' enable them to rise to to prepare them for evangelical Chris- places of prominence~"

FROM MANY LANDS 953

A Hand-Written Bible One of the most influential men in South America said to a traveler: "It is sad, H OW much do you value your sad to see my people so miserable when Bible? Rev. F. S. Onderdonk re- they might be so happy. Their ills, physports the story of the conversion of one ical and moral, spring from a common of his Mexican friends. One Sunday source, lack of religion." No country in morning this Mexican had gone to town the world is more in need of real Chrisfor the express purpose of getting tianity. drunk. (It is the custom of Mexicans to get drunk. on Sunday. On that ac- Orientals in South America count you can scarcely get any work done on Monday.) While walking T HE Argentine year-book records down the street he saw a little girl hide 19,800 Mohammedan Turks. Onesomething under her mantle. It was a half its Syrian population is also reckcopy of the New Testament and Psalms. oned as Mohammedan.· There are two My friend asked to be allowed to see mosques in the Brazilian city of San it. He took the book and for two hours Paolo, and Arabic papers are published stood there reading as if glued to the there and in Argentina. Into the rice spot. At the end of two hours he said fields of Brazil, Japanese colonization to the little girl: "Run and tell your societies are pouring immigrants by thoumother that I must have this book for sands, and we may well remember that two weeks." Next day. he bought a Count Okuma recommended the coasts pile of paper, a number of candles, pens of Chile, Mexico and Peru as a field and ink, and for two· weeks, although he of influence for Japan, and an asylum had to work hard during the day, he for the excess of her population. .Peru sat up until one and two o'clock every has large and prosperous Chinese and night transcribing the New Testament Japanese elements; the Chinese are rapand Psalms. At the end of two weeks idly becoming the merchants of Panama; the work was finished. For many years and in Jamaica, after two hundred years that was the only Bible he had. Fin- of English control, eighty per cent. of ally he heard that twelve miles over the stores are operated by Chinese. Acthe mountains a colporteur was selling cording to a report, there were in 1913 Bibles, so he went and bought some. in British Guiana one hundred and thirty thousand East Indians and the South American Religion number was said to be rapidly increas- ing. N OMINALLY, the people of Brazil are Roman Catholics. For four AFRICA hundred years the Roman Catholic Church has been without a rival in An Oasis in the Sudan South America, free and favored in her enterprise. With what result? Bishop I N many mission lands, a truly Chris- Kinsolving, of the Protestant Episcopal tian home is like an oasis in the Church in Brazil, asserts that not two desert. It is a place of beauty and rein a hundred of the students acknowledge freshment from which many thirsty soul., relationship with any religious organiza- drink living water. Rev. Stephen Trowtion. One who was for six years a bridge, of Cairo, tells of one. of these Roman Catholic priest in South America oases: said several years ago: "I do not think that the Church in any case reaches ten "In the great Mohammedan provinces per cent. of the people, and in many of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, there are many Egyptian and Syrian Christians places this is saying too much. J do not employed in Government positions, These Christian officials are- thus very believe that of the one million people in much isolated; they have no Church ser- Buenos Aires there are two hundred vices, are never visited by Christian pasmen on any given Sunday at service." tors and the nearest missionary is some-

times hundreds of miles away. Here lage not far away that he visited a few and there, British officers, loyal to weeks ago, and he said that he saw Christ, have encouraged and helped these enough human bones there, if put native officials to persevere in their togther, to make at least fifty Christian faith. One of thes.e Christian skeletons. Ten days away from here, we officers is Major Stigand, formerly In- visited an independent mission station~ spector for the Mongalla Province, a and there they told us of a secret society tropical district in the extreme south, that dig up dead bodies and eat them j bordering on Uganda. From time to so that the people bury their dead se- time Mrs. Stigand invited the Egyptian cretly, and try to conceal the pla<.:e officials to her own home for a prayer- where they are buried. meeting in English. One of these men told me that these gatherings and the Memories of Mary Slessor kindness shown by the Major and his wife were among the happiest experi- T HE Record, issued by the United ences of his life, and had established in Free Church of Scotland, tells of him a definite and clear Christian faith. the keen remembrance in Africa of the In a frontier town amid the tropical wonderful life of Mary Slessor. At heat, most white officials would not Akpap, the principal town of the up- think of planning for a prayer-meeting. river people who first heard the Gospel Major Stigand is now Governor of the from her, two women missionaries go White Nile Province and has shown a about safely, evangelizing the district,. personal interest in the work carried on although it is one of pagan people and by the three missionary families at wild bush. There is no man missionary Doleib Hill. He is a man of command- at work there, but one of the women ing presence and has a distinguished preaches and acts as pastor. The Chris~ record as a big game hunter and as an . tian people have recently sent a gift of author. Mrs. Stigand is an American about $100 to the Slessor Memorial woman from Washington, D. C. Home, a notable offering from their scanty resources. Twelve girls are in Spiritual Need in the Congo the Home at Calabar, all betrothed to Christian young men, and learning DR. and Mrs. John M. Springer, who housework, sewing, and the making of are in charge of the Methodist palm-oil and starch. Congo Mission, write of Kobongo, where they have decided to open a sta- Africans Learning French tion: A ITER speaking and teaching in "We held a service yesterday morn- German for many years in the ing and one in the afternoon. We had West Africa Mission, it is now neceshardly started the morning service, when sary, with the change of Government, the chief broke in, saying that he wanted for French to take the place of the Gerus to stay here. He wanted a mission- man. A smaIl dass of nineteen former ary to come and live. He seems to be school teachers was organized at Batanvery glad to have us; in fact, every vil- ga the latter part of last year, and that lage that we have come to, almost, has work has now broadened out into a .made the same petition, wanting us to dass of 228. A band of 140 picked come and stay. Poor things, these na- young men students will form the vantives have broken loose from their old guard of the French speaking force in moorings, and they have nothing to the mission. Throughout the Cameroun guide them in the present state; they Mission, the spiritual life of the people don't know what to do, and they turn to the missionary, knowing that he is IS steadily deepening. In seven months sure to be a disinterested friend. There is no doubt but that these people need there were 1,000 confessions of faith, missionaries. The chief told us of a vil- although the regular teachers and preachers of the people were not with them.

FROM MANY LANDS

IA New Station in Africa dren of the neighborhood who came to T has long been the hope and expecta- our playground last vacation. In fact, tion of the American Board to open a they are happy to have a part in any station,. or rather a chain of stations and work for others and we have difficulty outstations, to extend from its plant at in restraining their generosity so that Beira, on the coast, in Portuguese East they may have suitable clothing them- Africa, up to Chikore, on the western selves. boundary of Rhodesia. Frequent tours have been made into various parts of the Membership Twice Doubled territory, but these have not been followed by permanent occupation, and the A N increase in Sunday-school memgovernment has not permitted native bership from 1,800 to 8,000 in evangelists unaccompanied by white missionaries to settle there, because the mis- two years is the record of Bulacan sion itself is located in Rhodesia. How- Province of the Philippine Islands, ever, when Dr. William T. Lawrence, about twenty-five miles north of Manila. During the past year there have been of Mt. Silinda, and Rev. J. P. Dysart some 2,500 conversions in the same dismade a visit to Gogoya's kraal, in Portuguese East Africa, the chief, Gogoya, trict. This has been almost if not quite was very cordial and hospitable to his duplicated in two or three other parts missionary visitors. It is near his kraal of the islands. that the Portuguese have now granted to the American Board a concession for The Rev. J. L. McLaughlin, Sunday- 1,000 acres, which must be proved up or obtained on the same terms that any school Secretary for the Philippines, other settler could obtain it. states that he believes the Islands are on the eve of one of the greatest evan- gelistic movements that has ever been seen there.

For the Indians in Fiji ISLANDS OF THE SEA BRITISH missionaries in Fiji are en- deavoring to carry OQ evangelistic· Rescuing Filipino Waifs work among the 50,000 Indians now SOME of ~he mestiso children, as living there. They write: "If we those of mixed blood are called in could but, undo what has been done in the Philippines, who have been deserted by their mothers, have especially roused the character of the Indian peoples durthe pity of the Presbyterian missionaries ing the past centuries, the task of evanin Cebu, one of whom writes of them as follows: gelizing the Hindus and Mohammedans in Fiji would present but few difficulties. "The transformation of these waifs of the street, familiar with every form But before any constructive work can be of evil and vice, into earnest little Chris- done, we have to combat influences of tians has been the source of unending the ancient Indian religions and convince joy to those who have watched and as- them of the truth of Christianity. The sisted in the miracle. Other mestiso Hindu sides with us on SOme matters children have been placed here by their fathers who wish them to have a Chris- against the Mohammedan. and the tian education. We now have a family l10hammedan stands with us on other of ten children and seven others have questions against the Hindu, and both been with us at different times. They take their joyful part in the morning Hindu and Mohammedan unite in many and evening prayers, singing lustily the directions against us. Oh, for a visitation hymns they come to know so well lead- by the Holy Spirit of God, the Reing in prayer, and payin!!; close 'atten- vealer, Who will make known the truth tion to the Bible study. They are anx- of GO? to these people! We are trying ious to help others to know Jesus and to polIsh up some raw, local material to gave up unselfishly to the ragged chil- help us in this work, but in the very nature of things some years must elapse before an efficient ministry can be evolved. We are, therefore, asking this

year that some tried and faithful men of that has been published consecutively ill matured character and experience be se- the English or in any other language. cured from India to assist us." In 1896, he was elected to a position on the Moravian Board of Missions, which Samoa's Record Gifts required his removal to Herrnhut, where he spent the remainder of his life, A GROUP of twenty-five Samoan except for visits to the Moravian mis- villages last year gave £1,700 to sions in Labrador, the Himalayas and the work of the London Missionary other parts of the world, and an extend- Society. Rev. Paul Cane, a missionary ed tour in the United States and Canamong them, tells how it came about: ada. "I think it ~as chiefly due to the little village of Le Tui, a small inland village Dr. Edward Guerrant of Kentucky of seventy-eight people. Last year and the year before, in proportion they did DR. EDWARD GUERRANT, the best of all our villages. I told them who built seventy-five churches for this in their yearly meeting, and the pastor in England said, 'Missy, we will do his people, the poor and illiterate mounbetter this year (l916).' They all be- taineers of the Appalachian mountains gan to work. Even the babies were of Kentucky and Tennessee, died last quiet so that their mothers might help. summer. As the first evangelist of the The other villages heard that Le Tui Kentucky Synod, he found his opporwas going to give a big collection, and tunity; but so enormously did the work they said, 'We can't let Le Tui beat us,' develop under his hand that the Synod and so they, too, ,began to be in earnest. feared that it could not support it. It But such was the zeal of Le Tui that instructed Dr. Guerrant to retrench and only two large villages could beat them. not build so many churches. He re- Our largest village gave £ 160, and a11- signed as Synodical missionary, declaring 9ther large village gave £145; then that if no other course could Iielp, God came small, great-hearted Le Tui with could pay for the schools and churches £ 130. Truly a mighty work! A church and missionaries. And God did. Dr. of thirty-eight members, an inland Guerrant organized the Soul Winners' community of seventy-eight people who Society, and in the sixteen years foIlowhave to carryall their produce to the ing he personally raised $175,366.95 for beach before they can sell it. What does financing the work, all by prayer. the home church think: of the love alJd zeal of the church of Le Tui ?" Rev. Chas. J. Ryder, D.D., of New York OBITUARY T HE senior Secretary of the Ameri- can Congregational Missionary As- Bishop La Trobe of Herrnhut sociation, died on September 24 and was buried at Stamford, Conn. Dr. Ryder T HE Moravian Church has lost one was borr. on Christmas Day, 1848. From of its best-known missionary lead- his first and only pastorate in Medina, ers in the death of Bishop Benjamin La Ohio, he was called to the Southern Trobe, on October 4, at Herrnhut, Field Superintendency of the Associa- Saxony, in the seventy-first year of tion and, after two years' service, behis age. Born in England, of missionary came District Secretary for New Engstock, he became, on the completion of land. In 1896 he was made Correspondhis theological studies, Assistant. Secre- ing Secretary in the New York office and tary of Moravian Missions am! later brought to this responsible position a Secretary, with headquarters in London. practical knowledge of the work. Dr. Here, for the next twelve years he edited Ryder's service extended over a period Periodical Accounts, a quarterly maga- of thirty-five years-nearly one-half of zine, unquestionably one of the oldest, its history-and he outlived every mem- ber of the Executive Committee except if not the oldest missionary periodical one.

New Pacific. By C. Brunsdon itual forces for which

Fletcher. 12mO. 325 pp. $3.00. Mac- stands affect and are affected by politi- THE millan and Co., Limited, London. 1917. cal, military, economic and educational New Pacific takes us to Aus- conditions. The student of foreign tralia and the South Seas, a part of missions, therefore, must keep abreast of the best thought on questions which afthe world which does not bulk largely fect the world in general, and that part in the thought of Americans, but of of it in particular, which deals with the which we need to think more often than nations in which foreign missionary we do. In that far-off region are not work is being conducted. only an island of continental dimensions, but many other islands, which, The American university presidents though comparatively small in area, are and professors exert a large influence in beautiful for situation and strategic in shaping public opinion, as has been estheir relation to international condi- pecially marked since the outbreak of tions. The author has spent nearly all the war. Unfortunately, it has not al- of his life in New Zealand and Aus- ways been wholesome, but we are gratetralia and has been for a score of years ful for this volume by President Nichothe editor of the principal daily news- las Murray Butler, of Columbia Unipaper of Queensland. He has made a versity.. It is an eminently dignified and careful study of German plans in Aus- statesmanlike discussion of themes now tralia and the South Seas and he makes challenging the thoughtful attention of an amazing revelation of the character- intelligent men everywhere. istic system and thoroughness' with The theme to which the writer frewhich Germany long sought to strength- quently recurs is that we are facing new en her interests in that part of the world conditions; that the American world, while Europe and America gave people are not sufficiently unified in no heed. After the outbreak of the war, spirit or dear in purpose to enable them Australia and New Zealand promptly to meet these conditions in the most ef- fective way; that "there is not yet a seized these German colonies and they nation, but the rich and fine materials are now administering them. What is out of which a true nation can be to be done with them after the war? made;" and that "our chiefest task is The Peace Conference alone can determine this. Mr. Fletcher gives clearly to prepare our hearts and our minds to . and forcefully the Australian point of do our full duty as Americans to bind view as to what should be done with up the wounds of a stricken world and them after the war. He pays a high to lead the way to that new constructribute to the influence of missionaries tion of the overturned political fabric."

in the South Seas, particularly to those Japan in World Politics. By K. K. great men of God, James Chalmers, Kawakami. 12mo. 300 pp. $1.50. The George Brown, and L. Fison. TMacMillan Company, New York, 1917. A World in Ferment. By Nicholas Mur- HE pre-occupation of the public ray Butler. 12mo. 254 pp. $1.25. mind in the great war that is ra- Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, ging in Europe has obscured, for a time, 1917. some other questions of large inter- FOREIGN missions stand, among national import, but these questions 'still other things, for the international remain. Among the most serious is our mind and the international outlook:. It relations with]apan. That empire is the calls upon Christians to think: in world first of the nations of the eastern world terms. It recognizes, too, that the spir- to attain self-consc;iousness and to take

her place in the world's councils, and the work of the Carnegie Peace Endow- it is natural, therefore, that pending ment. It is one of the readable of the questions should assume their most acute many volumes that have appeared regard- form in connection with japaq. ing japan.· It shows breadth of.mind, Among the writers who are doing intimate knowledge of history, political much to throw light on these problems economy, international law, and the are Professor K. K. Kawakami and manners and customs of Americans as Professor Inazo Nitobe. Professor well as japanese.

Kawakami has now added to his welI- The author clearly shows how the known books-"Asia at the Door" and world has now become such common "American-japanese Relations"-a third ground that the interests of nations may volume, entitled "japan in World Poli- clash at the most distant places, as, for tics," which is an exceedingly able dis- instance, the Dutch and the Eng- cussion of the subject. It should have lish encountered each other on the the careful study of thoughtful men and South African veldt, and Japanese and women, particularly in missionary cir- Russians renewed acquaintance, under cles, where the importance of friendly strained circumstances, on the plains of relations is keenly felt. Mr. Kawa- Manchuria. Professor Nitobe says: kami is a loyal japanese, but he has "Though I do not desire a rupture of lived so long in the United States and friendship between the United States has such real sympathy with us that he and her friends, she may yet face some is able to take la dispassionate view of of them in unamiable converse on the A.merican merits and defects. Indeed, pampas of South America." He pre- he sadly says that the "Americans ac- sents a wealth of information about cuse him of subserviency to the cause Japan, its national characteristics, its of japan and the Japanese denounce morals and religious beliefs, its educa- him as slavish to a country whose citi- tional and economic conditions, its col- zenship I have not been permitted to ac- onizing policy, and its relations to the quire." He carefully explains Amer- United States. This volume is one that ica's issues with japan, Japanese immi- no student of Far Eastern affairs and of gration to America, japan's dealings international relations can afford to miss.

with China, her course in Korea, her alleged interest in the Philippines, and Forty-five Years in China. Reminis-· her "designs" upon Mexico, while the. cences by Timothy Richard, D.D., three closing chapters deal with the Litt.D. Cloth. 8vo, net. $3.50. Il- Anglo-Japanese AIIiance, German-Jap- lustrated with photographs. Frederick anese relations, and the Russo-Japanese A. Stokes Company, New York, 1917.

Entente. This book will contribute in FOR nearly half a century, Dr.

no small degree to that better under- Richard has been one of the great standing of the position of Japan which Christian leaders of China. Going to the American people need to have and the field in 1869 as a missionary of the which can form the only stable basis of Baptist Missionary Society of London, satisfactory relations between the two England, and engaging for a time in the Governments. work of the Baptist Mission, his special gifts ere long drew him into a wide The Japanese Nation. By Inazo Nitobe, interdenominational and national ser- A.M., Ph.D. 12mo. 334 pp. G. P. vice. He made a thorough study of Putnam's Sons, N ew York and Lon- Chinese history, literature and religion, don, 1917. and became famous as a scholar and T HIS volume is based upon the leC: writer. He gained an extraordinary in- tures which the author delivered fluence over the Chinese and has proba- in five leading American universities as bly had as wide perllonal acquaintance one of the exchange professors under and as close intimacy with Chinese offi- . the plan firllt ,proposed by Mr. Hamilton cials and scholars as any other foreigner Holt, and afterwards made a part of and a far greater influence and intimacy

9 1 7] THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY·

than most of the foreigners in China. Council of Churches in St. Louis, last In 1891, he engaged in special literary December. They are studies in the work under the auspices of the Chris- great questions of international rela- tian Literature Society of England, tions, Christian unity, social relations, Scotland and China, and he has been race problems, industrial reconstruction, prolific in books, pamphlets, magazine religious education and evangelism.

and newspaper articles. He united to pro- The addresses are not published, but the found scholarship and unusual intellec- reports of the commissions furnish some tual ability a force of personality that good material for a reference library on commanded the respect of Chinese and religious and social subjects. There is foreigners alike. He was a man of no index-which is unfortunate-but strong convictions and his plans and the books give a clear idea of the great methods did not always commend them- variety of work and problems before selves to some of his missionary associ- the Christian Church. The manifest ates; but no one has ever questioned his danger is that in the multiplicity of unselfish devotion and his splendid pow- forms of effort for the improvement of ers. The Chinese Government be- mankind, we will lose sight of the great stowed upon him the honor of the essential of individual, spiritual regenera- Double Dragon, and the Red Cross tion.

Society decorated him for his remark- The volumes are somewhat overload- ably efficient services in famine relief. ed with· resolutions, proclamations, lists In this volume, Dr. Richard has crowd- of names, letters and appeals. They ed a wealth of information about China. contain more general statements than It is really an autobiography by one of vital facts, more appeals and plans than the most remarkable men who have reports of things accomplished. One vol- lived in the Far East during the last ume deals with peace and arbitration, half century. It is of interest and value another with Japan, and others with co- to all who wish to keep in touch with operation in education and world re- the great re-constructive movements in demption.

China. Dr. Richard truly says in his introduction that "these reminiscences The Immigrant and the Community. By tell of sympathetic efforts made to guide Grace Abbott. Bvo. 303 pp. $1.50 net.

the spiritual leaders of China to a vision The Century Co., New York, 1917. of the Kingdom of God, with its promise of a hundredfold in this world, and W AR 6me is an opportunjty to in the world to come, life everlasting. overtake the immigrant problems These efforts have meant the uplifting in America. Almost no foreigners are of China in various ways, through better now coming and those who are here are religion, better science, better means of being kept busy with work at higher communication, better international com- wages. Americanization is necessary; merce, the institution of modern schools Christianization is even more important. and colleges, the founding of a modern press and the establishment of new in- Miss Abbott, the director of the Im-. dustries and manufactures over a coun- migrants' Protective League of Chicago, try as large as the whole of Europe." has given us a volume of valuable facts and studies, growing out of experience. How shall we protect the newcomers The Library of Christian Co-operation. from those who exploit them for vicious Edited by Charles S. MacFarland. Six and selfish purposes? Some employment volumes. 8vo. $5.00 a set. $1.00 each. agencies regularly supply women and Missionary Education Movement, New girls to vicious resorts. The immigrant York, 1917. laws- seek to protect the country against immoral women, but not against im- T HIS library contains the report of moral men. Miss Abbott shows the the commissions and sessions of safeguards that are being raised and the the quadrennial meeting of the Federal weakness in our system of dealing with

the immigrants. She advocates more Churches of Christ in America by the municipal lodging houses, better edu- Missionary Education Movement, New cation and more wholesome recreation, York. 191 pp. 1917. but she does not deal with the problem of remaking both people and environ- A BIG little book containing the ment through Christian teaching. There addresses of Drs. Jowett and is no other adequate solution. Vance, President King, and Messrs. Robins, Mott, and Speer at the meeting These studies are of especial value to of the Federal Council in Washington all in immigrant communities, those ,May 8 and 9, 1917; also the reports of who seek to win these men and women various committees. A valuable volume for the national ideals and service, and for pastors_ who seek to adjust their minfor the Kingdom of God. The men and istry to the needs of a crucial time. women come to America for a better opportunity to live and they should here Big Jobs for Little Churches. By John find true ideals, true kindness, true god- F. Cowan, D.D. 12mo. 160 pp. 25 liness. cents net. Revell, 1917.

Conditions of Labor in American Indus- T HE country church' has problems tries. By W. Jett Lauck and Edgar and possibilities all its own. Dr. Syden Stricker. 8vo. 403 pp. $1.75 Cowan sees these and gives advice from net. Funk & Wagnalls Co., New York a wide experience. He is a bright and forceful writer and ministers of country Rand London, 1917. churches will find inspiration, ideas and ESULTS of recent investigations practical working plans here. Among are here collected and separated the subjects discussed in relation to the under various heads-Labor forces, Church are the school, the farm, librawages, employment, working conditions, ries, automobiles, town improvemeQts, living conditions and health. It is a sports and union movements. There is book of facts for reference. an excellent bibliography.

The Christian Confederacy. By Her- Co-operation in Coopersburg. By Ed- . bert Booth. 12rno. 164 pp. 50 cents mund deS. Brunner. 12mo. 95 pp. 50 net. The Goodsped Press, Chicago, cents. Missionary Education Move- 1917. ment, New York, 1915.

H ERBERT BOOTH is a son of the H ERE is a practical example of what founder of the Salvation Army, can be done in a town where and in recent years has been an inde- Christian forces will get together. pendent evangelist, laboring in the British Isles, Canada, Australia, South Africa and the United States. Bur- Apostles of the Belgian Trenches. By J. dened with a conviction that Christendom is suffering from a widespread Kennedy McLean. Illustrated. Paper. lapse of faith in the doctrines of Chris- Is. Marshall Brothers, Ltd., London, tianity, his book: is a plea for an organ- 1917. ized confederacy of the faithful in all the churches to combat the rising tide of T HIS is the fascinating story of the unbelief. Such a plan demands the or- work. of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph ganizing power of a J ohn Wesley or a Norton for the Belgian soldiers. It is a William Booth. practical, spiritual work: which has al- ready resulted in the distribution of The Churches of Christ in Time of War. thousands of Scriptures, in the giving of Edited by Charles S. MacFarland. A 31,500 Christmas boxes to homeless men Hand-book for the Churches. Pub- and in the conversion of hundreds of lished for the Federal Council of Belgian soldiers. The work is supported by voluntary contributions.