The Missionary Review of the World — February 1930

OF YENCITlNG UNIVERSITY, PEPING, CHINA, LOOKING TOWARD THE WESTERN IIILU:: AND SP~DIER PAI,ACE

Spring-'s Smartest Fabrics THIS SEASON, as always, McCutcheon's collection of Spring and Summer Fabrics features the finest and smartest Silks, Woolens, Linens and Cottons from foreign and domestic looms. We are always glad to furnish samples of our exclusive novelties and other lovely materials to those who do not find it convenient to visit our store in person.

An insert in our January Catalogue Jescribes anJ gives prices 0/ many McCutclteon Fabrics. Write /or your copy.

~ McCutcheon's FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy·NINTH ST. Req. us Alt. Off. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK COMING EVENTS MY MISSIONARY CREED February 18-19-INTERNATIONAL COUN- I Believe- CIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, EXECU- TIVE COMMITTEE, Chicago, Ill. In God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. February 25-27-NATIONAL STUDY CON- FERENCE ON THE CHURCHES AND That in Ohrist alone is there sal- WORLD PEACE, Evanston, Ill. vation for mankind.

March 7-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

June 6-14-ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NA- That I must tell of Christ the Sav- TIONAL CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL WORK iour to all men everywhere if I AND ASSOCIATE GROUPS. am to be an honest steward of the Gospel. June 17-24-WORLD'S COMMITTEE, YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, That I must send messengers to Geneva, Switzerland. carry this news of my Saviour to all nations. June 23-29-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Toronto, Can. That I must pray for these mes- sengers and for the power of the July 1-9-THE F 1FT H INTERNATIONAL Holy Spirit upon them. CONGREGATIONAL COUNCIL at Bour- nemouth, England. Chairman, Dr. That I must give full support with J. D. Jones. General topic for dis- my means to these messengers, cussion is "The Living Church." The that their time may be given Council consists of 400 members, wholly to the extending of distributed as follows: United Christ's Kingdom. States, 150; British Isles, 150; Can- ada and Newfoundland, 20: Aus- That I can become an unselfish tralasia, 32; South Africa, 10; Christian only by thus sharing other countries, 38.

September 14-17-EvANGELICAL BROTH- ERHOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., NATIONAL CONVENTION, Cleve- land, Ohio.

October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- my Saviour with all mankind. TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- -The Christian Observer. ington, D. C.

Please mention THm M[SSIONARY RmVIEW OF THill WORLD in writing to advertisers. OBITUARY MR. CHARLES WARREN FOWLE has been appointed Assistant Secretary of DR. FRANK H. SPENCE, physician a;nd the American Bible Society. He was clergyman of the Yukon, Alaska, dIed born in Turkey, of missionary parents. October 3, in San Diego, California, as *** the result of an a*uto..mo•bile accident. MR. STOWE SMITH, ninety-five-year- DR. ANTONIUS MANASSEH, Syrian old Baptist leader of Australia, has been Quaker and medical missionary of the elected President of the Australian Friends' Service Council, died at Brurn- Baptist Union.

mana, October 3;. .. .. ** THE REV. THOMAS LEWIS, F.R.G.S., A. G. FLETCHER, M.D., Superintendent Welsh Baptist missionary in Africa for of the Leper Asylum and the Presbyte- rian Hospital at Taiku, Korea, has been 33 years, died in London, December 5. awarded the Blue Ribbon Decoration by the Emperor of Japan in recognition of He had retired in 1915. . . .. his eminent service to the Koreans. * * .. THE REV. DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, MRS. WALTER DRAPER, of Kawimb.e, accompanied by Mrs. Zwemer, arrived in America by the Steamship "Olympic" on Rhodesia a devoted worker for lepers m January 9th. Dr. Zwemer has accepted Central Africa, died in England, No- a call from the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey, to the Chair of vember 24. * • .. History of Religion and Christian Mis- sions and will begin his duties there at MR. WILLIAM HENRY CONST, for more once. Dr. and Mrs. Zwemer expect to make their home permanently at Princethan 50 years financial secretary C!f the ton. S. P. G., died November 15, at Brlxton, '" >I< '" England. ** THE HON. NELSON TRUSLER JOHNSON, MRS. MOSES SMITH, * of t~e Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs, has been appointed to President fill the difficult post of American Min- Congregational Woman's Board of M,s- ister to China in succession to the Hon. sions for 3~ years, died in Chicago, Oc- John Van Antwerp MacMurray, who had resigned. He has had exceptional traintober 10, at the age of ninety-four. ing for this high and difficult post, hav- ing already served many years in China. PERSONALS He first entered the foreign service as a student interpreter in China where he DR. JOHN R. EDWARDS, Sec~etary ,of acquired a knowledge of the Chinese the Methodist Board of ForeIgn M,s- language. He served in consular posts sions, has gone to the F:ar Ell;st to study at Mukden, Harbin, Hankow, Shanghai, .. missionary programs In Chma, Japan Chungking, and Changsha. In 1918, he was called to Washington to .take the and Korea. China desk in the Far Eastern section of the Department of State. He was one ** of the expert assistants of the American group at the Washington Conference on THE REV. DR. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, the Limitation of Armaments. Secretary of the Amerjc.an B0!1r~ of Commissioners for Foreign MISSIOns, It is believed in Washington that no has retired after a quarter century of man is better fitted than Nelson Johnson distinguished se~vici' .- for the post he is to fill. He returns to China having friends among every class MR. WILLIAM M. SMITH, of Pough- and clique. He is said to hold the affeckeepsie, N. Y., and Miss Lucy Slade, of tion and respect of the missionary and New York City, have.be.en chosen by the the business man, the diplomat and the Board of National MISSIOns of the Pr~s­ soldier. Almost of more importance, it byterian Church, to fill the vacancIes is believed, he has a deep understanding caused by the deaths of ~r. James N. of China itself and is respected by the Jarvie and Mrs. D. E. Wald. Chinese. He is able to converse in their own language. THE REV. DR. *JOH*N *A. MARQUIS, the When a reporter asked him what he eminent General Secretary of the Pres- regarded as the outstanding question tobyterian Board of National ~issio~s, day between the United States and has resigned on account of serIous Ill- China, he replied: "A strengthening of ness. Much prayer is being offered in the traditional ties of friendship, a deephis behalf. ening of the mutual understanding with which we have always held each other. DR. FRED FIELD GOODSELL, of Con- China is a great nation–at present torn stantinople, has been appointed Ex~cu­ by unfortunate strife, but peace will some day come." tive Vice-President of the AmerH?an Board of Commissioners for ForeIgn .. Missions. * >I< VISCOUNT been reapp<!inted SAITO h~s Governor-General of Korea. HIS .mte~­ est in missionaries and Koreans l,n h,s former administration endeared hIm to all residents of that country. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAV,N II, PIERSON, Editor '-. , ARTHUR J. BROWN. Editor jor 1!i30 LET YOUR GIFT CONTENTS-FEBRUARY, 1930 to Foreign Missions I,'RONTISPIECE ………………..• PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME CAMPUS OF YENCHING UNIYERSITY You can make a generouS gift to foreign mis- sions and have a needed income for yourself TIlE CHINA OF 1929 ••..••••.•..•..• and others from the money you give by the ..•••……… COITRTE"AY H. FEN" 80 Annuity Gift Plan OPPORTUNITIES AND PERILS IN CHINA •..•…. IIE;'{RY '1'. HODGI{I~ 92 This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested FOR~1A:' OPENING OF YENCHING funds and assures yoU a fixed income of UNIVERSITY .J. LEIGHTON STUART 98 4t% to 9% per year INCREASING INTEREST IN BOOKS ON RELIGION •.•.. ARTHUR J. BROWN 103 for the rest of your life LANDS WHERE WOMEN AND GOD A reserve fund of over $1.500,000 guarantees ARE VEILED .. CHARLES R. WATSON 107 the prompt payment of annuities to you.

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSION· Protect yourself against loss through ARY SOCIETIES" •.•••• OTIS CARY 111 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. MARCELINO VASQUEZ, A QUICHE INDIAN ••••••••••.• PAUL BUR(;ESS 116 For full £n/onnation 'write Erne.t F. Hal!l Secretaryl Dept. ofAnnuitie. A1HERICAN PROBLEMS DISCUSSED BY EXECUTIVE COMMIT'!'EE OF BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THE FEDERAL COUNCIL ….••.. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CHARLES STELZLE 121 156 Fifth Avenue, New York CONFERENCE OF THEOLOGICAL SEM· INARIES ……..•…. A. L. WARN· The Africa SHUlS AND SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT 12& Inland Mission TOPICS OF THE TIMES …•……… 126 Headquarters CHINA FAMINE RELIEF. 373 CARLTON AVENUE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK CHAOS IN CHINA. ARE ltIISSIO:SARIES RESPO~SIBLE FOR ANTI-FOREIGN FSJDLING"I ME'l'HODS FOR WORKERS ………. . ••. . EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOH>lSON 131 WOlIAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ••• EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 139 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL· LETIN ……………………. .

•• • • •EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER 142 WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK •••••••••••• 145 BOOKS WORTH READING •••.•••••• 158 TERMS.-~2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of (3 (3 five.) Foreign pOfJtage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Publisbed montbly. COllYl'igbted. Medical 1930, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM· PANY, INC. All rights reserved. During last fiscal year the number of treatments given patients at hospitals and THE MISSIONARY REVIEW l'UBLISHING dispensaries in the Belgian Congo alone COMPANY, INO. was over one hundred and sixty thousand.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President The Gospel VILLrAAl 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Number of evangelists and teachers DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary preaching and teaching the Gospel in our WALTER McDOUGALL, Trcaswrer Congo work was over five hundred.

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LIII, No.2 February

THE CHINA OF 1929 BY THE REV. COURTENAY H. FENN, D.D.

Prcs1Jyterian Missionary in Peking~ Chi-uft.< jor Thirtv-six l'cars D URING much of the year the giving of bribes. The present American newspapers have writer has found it possible to featured China on the front maintain a fair estimate of the sitpage under rather livid headlines, uation in China by waiting a few and with much detail of intrigue days for newspaper confirmation and bloodshed which has made it of startling items of news and then easy to grow discouraged in one's discounting them by a half. It is hope of peace and progress in that well also to reserve the interpreta- land of the unexpected. The con- tions of the residuum of assured fidence with which many of these fact for the future, as the parts reports have been set forth has played by various individuals in the been frequently belied by their events and movements are varimutually contradictory character, ously represented by writers with and by naive reportorial confes- widely differing points of view. sions of a great dearth of reliable information in China. Each party Of none of those prominent in China's recent history is this so in the frequent strife has censored emphatically true as of "The Chrisall news and manufactured much tian General," Marshal Feng Yii for propaganda purposes, and Hsiang, (e like u in fun). He has much of what has been published won the admiration and devotion has been pure guess work as to of his officers and soldiers and of events and personally colored fore- many intimate friends; but he has casts of their bearing on China's also aroused the suspicion and fear future. Not a little of the inter- of official sUPflriors and the absopretation has been unfriendly in lute unbelief and unhesitating conits spirit and far more pessimistic demnation of most foreign observin its tone than the actual outcome ers. Among missionaries there is has warranted. One prominent great divergence of opinion, a large correspondent especially, whose de- majority of British missionaries portation was requested by the considering bim a bypocrite and a Chinese Government, has pictured renegade, while a considerable mathat government repeatedly as at jority of American missionarieR its last gasp, and represented the continue to share the confidence exdilatory payment of soldiers as the pressed recently by a prominent 85

Chinese educator that "Marshal his Christian faith or ceased to live Feng is a good man, a patriot and a Christian life; that though de- a Christian." Chinese Christians ceived for a time by Russian hypo- in the North retain large confidence critical professions of friendship, in him, while most of those in the he has never been a Bolshevist, or South do not. a Communist, or "anti-foreign" ex- The actual events in the career cept toward those who were dis- of Marshal Feng it will not be easy tinctly anti-Chinese. Though his even for the future historian to as- name has appeared in almost every cel'tain, or to determine their ab- newspaper paragraph relating to solute or relative significance, so actual or possible uprisings against widely have witnesses disagreed as the present Nanking Government, to fact and meaning. That from a much of the time only a few friends very small beginning he developed have known where he actually was, an army of tens of thousands of and reporters have simply conjec- soldiers, who respected him, feared tured that the redoubtable Marshal him, loved him, and composed a must have some responsibility for unique military force, a model for any revolt which showed promise China and for the world, was for of success. Impartial history, if it several years a patent fact. Not is ever written, will probably re- only in time of peace more per- veal that such revolts as he has fectly prepared for war than any really sponsored have not' origi- other army in China, but even in nated either in his love of fighting time of war more perfectly pre- or in a desire for personal gain or pared for peace than any other aggrandizement, but rather iIi a army in the world, his soldiers strong conviction that the powers were kept from both alcohol and that be are running the New China tobacco and trained in every fea- off the track leading to true liberty, ture of civil as well as military life. justice and stability. Of course the In their camps was provided and correctness of his judgment and applied every facility for physical the quality of his statesmanship development and industrial effi- are open questions; but to my ciency. Everywhere the soldier mind there is little question as to turned he was faced with terse the sincerity of his patriotic pur- moral and social maxims painted pose. It appears probable that the on interior and exterior walls, and objects of his recent armed pro- a vigorous evangelistic campaign test against the non-observance of was maintained by urgently in- government agreements may be ac- vited Chinese Christians and mis- complished without further blood- sionaries. Much of this has been shed through a program of reforms continued, as far as 'possible, amid at Nanking, following the suppres- the innumerable shifts of the past sion of recent local mutinies.

few years, though the evangelistic The reports of movements of propaganda has been relaxed in Russians and Chinese on the Man- deference to the constitutional dec- churian border, at the two ends of laration of religious liberty. the Chinese Eastern Railway, have Marshal Feng also has upheld by so often been contradicted that his own consistent example the sim- even the newsmongers have felt ple life enjoined upon his troops. constrained to confess that the He declares that he has not lost combination of a double propagan-

THE CHINA OF 1929

da and a double censorship is too passed when the Chinese bandit much for them, and that they do was more respectful of the rights not know the facts. It is no doubt of foreigners to life and property true that China forcibly seized the than of those of his own countryrailway which was to be jointly men. In proportion to their numcontrolled, but it is equally certain bers, missionaries are probably less that Russia had long violated her subject to attacks and robberies treaty with China by engaging in than are other foreigners, perhaps secret Bolshevist propaganda along because they are justly suspected the line of that railway. Reports of carrying less of this world's of fierce battles and massacres may goods and of being able to pay be somewhat discounted; but the much smaller ransoms. Yet that situation had become increasingly there is another element in the matserious and might easily have in- ter is evidenced by the fact that Chinese evangelists share in the volved other nations. comparative immunity, sometimes It may well be doubted whether being left untouched when others are held up, simply because they the conference decision to disband are Christian ministers. a large part of the existing armies has been a large factor in starting America's refusal to join other the revolt of the Peoples' Army nations in an ultimatum to China (Kuominchiin), except in so far as for the immediate settlement of the partiality may have been shown at Nanking incident of March, 1927, leading to milder measures on the Nanking in the apportionment of part of all, undoubtedly has tended funds to payoff the retiring sol- greatly to the improvement of diers and to maintain those kept China's relations with all the under arms. Marshal Feng and world; yet the gentler treatment Governor Yen are thoroughly in has perhaps made it more difficult favor of the reduction of all forces. for the missions to recover proper- This disbandment of armies is, ty in many parts of the country however, one of the most serious occupied by soldiers but now problems of the new government, needed for missionary work. Even as it is intimately related with the pressure from the Central Governwide-spread bandit problem. The ment has not availed to restore discharge of hundreds of thousands many buildings to their rightful of soldiers, with neither back pay owners. On the other hand, the nor a means of livelihood, is merely decision of certain institutions not adding hundreds of thousands of to demand any indemnity for debandits to the vast number already stroyed property is said to be about made by these years of civil war, to result in outright gifts from the who have been terrorizing vast sec- government in excess of what tions of the country and preying might have been asked as indemniupon the already poverty-stricken ties. The Chinese Minister of Forpeople, rendering travel and even eign Affairs has carved on an residence unsafe for Chinese and enduring tablet not only an expreRforeigner alike. To retain them as sian of his personal affection and Roldiers is further to impoverish reverent admiration for the murthe people in order to support them dered John E. Williams at Nanin mischievous idleness and to in- king, but also his conviction that crease the prospect of further civil wars. Apparently the days have

that martyr death has been an ef- the new conditions. Indeed most fective means of arresting the dan- of them would prefer an occasional gerous frenzy of China's rapidly overruling by an earnest Chinese developing national consciousness majority to a constant lack of in- and directing it into constructive itiative, and will welcome the day instead of destructive channels. when the Chinese church will ac- Most of the evacuated mission cept all responsibility as well as all stations have been reoccupied, authority for the evangelization of though usually with a diminished China. Some missions have gone force. In Hunan and Hupeh, much farther than others in dethrough the surging and resurging creasing their staff in order that of military forces, not a few of the the Chinese church may increase. mIsSIOnaries have encountered The latest steps taken by the North great perils and hardships, and China Mission of the American there has been considerable occupa- Board have been published in THE tion and destruction of mission MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD property at the hands of defeated and elsewhere. The several missoldiers, sometimes necessitating a sions whose churches have united second or third withdrawal from in the "Church of Christ in China" the field. Yet in spite of these have gone at the matter in a somethings and of some falling away of what different way, but all are en- Chinese converts, much encourage- gaged in as rapid devolution as ment in the work is reported, and seems, both to Chinese and missionthe call is urgent for the return of aries, to be advisable. old missionaries and the appoint- The group of missionaries hardment of new ones. In this can have est hit by the overturnings and joined, with tremendous earnest- confusion of the past few years, ness, the leaders of the Chinese and therefore those who have found Christian Church, some of whom it most difficult to adjust themseemed disposed, two or three years selves to the new situation, strange ago, to question the need for more to say, is not composed of the senmissionaries. Now, faced with the ior missionaries who have been in stupendous task of evangelizing China twenty to forty years, but of that great nation, and themselves those who have reached China since forced, by missionary withdrawals, 1920. The older missionaries have to shoulder unaccustomed responsi- already watched China through so bilities for which they have found many crises that, though the latest their preparation inadequate, they crisis differed greatly from any cry with a loud voice, "Come over which had gone before, it was a and help us." It is not strange that, logical out-growth of earlier ones both in the case of old and new mis- and to a large extent the product sionaries, they express a preference of influences set in motion by the for those quite free from the "su- missionaries themselves. Thereperiority complex," who will be fore it could not overwhelm them happy to work in association with with its unexpectedness, or discour- Chinese colleagues, on the basis of age them with its revelations of perfect equality, for a church built weaknesses and incompatibilities. up in partnership as an autono- The younger missionaries, many of mous Chinese church. There are few whom were apparently much more missionaries unwilling to accept in sympathy with the Youth Move-

ment, which underlay the violent tive organization of spiritually explosions of these recent years, virile Christians to make Christ re- yet have actually been more largely demptively known to all the nation stampeded by the earthquake than and accepted as Saviour and Lord their seniors, and more disinclined in the shortest possible time; yet to return to China lest they be not they offer diametrically oppositepol- wanted. It is true that, as young icies for the accomplishment of this people, they have to plan for a aim. One party believes that a much longer future than these sen- great mistake has been made in the iors; and that the Chinese have past foreign financing of the Chi- not yet made it altogether clear nese church to work on a scale that there will be a life-time and quite out of keeping with past or life-worth service open to foreign present economic conditions, and educators. Yet it is also true that that the only hope is the immediate the Chinese people and the Chinese or gradual withdrawal of all for- church have not taken such a grip eign funds to the end that the Chi- on the hearts of these young people, nese church may attain spiritual as a class, as they have taken virility and efficiency through the through the years upon the hearts more sacrificial life involved in self- of their seniors, so that the sever- support. The other party argues ing of ties is much easier for them. that there is little or no connection The evidence is growing that there between self-support and spiritual is going to be an imperative need virility; that the contributions of for many years to come of all who all Christians to world evangeliza- are so fully moved by the mission- tion are given to Christ and not to ary spirit as to be willing to work a mission; and that therefore in beside the Chinese leaders and un- each country they should be placed der the direction of the Chinese altogether at the disposal of the church. The distinct reply of those Christian church of that country.

leaders to the inquiry, "In what Elaborate arguments support both departments of the work are mis- positions, but the conspicuous suc- sionaries still needed 7" is, "In cess, in certain missions, of the pol- every department." The way will icy of almost complete self-support not always be easy; it will proba- from the beginning in producing bly be more difficult for the edu- evangelistic virility appears to in- cator than for either evangelist or dlCate that long continued subsidiz- physician. It will require divine ation of churches for other peoples patience and love. But many who is not wise.

have already started in it testify On the other hand, the economic that it has its rewards by the way. level of China's Christians is con- Few missionaries would willingly siderably lower than it was a few return to the relations of five years years ago, on account of the havoc ago. wrought by military hordes, band- There is wide divergence of opin- its, droughts and locusts, and there ion as to the relation of self-sup- is little hope of rapid progress to- port to self-government. Propo- ward self-support. A new phase of nents of the two most sharply the problem is now presenting it- contrasted ideas declare their aims self in the organization of a Gen- to be precisely the same, namely, eral Council of The Church of the building up of an intensely ac- Christ in China, with full time, sal-

aried secretaries, and a request colleges have sought and secured from the church that the Foreign registration and also many of the Missions Boards provide for the middle schools; while others have larger part of the overhead while chosen to reduce their grade, or continuh:!l their large measure of even to close, in preference to ac- support of local churches. It is ar- cepting restriction of liberty to gued that th:s will hasten the se- continue the schools as positive curing of self-&upport through the evangelizing agencies. Few schools more rapid expansion of the have been compelled by the govern- church. But it looks somewhat like ment to close because of failure to the statement of the business man register, and it is hoped that, when who said that he cv11ld afford to the central government attains sell goods for less than cost because greater stability and larger control he sold so many! In view of the over such national matters, the economic depression, it will doubt- strong Christian element in that less be necessary for some years to government will be able to secure come for America to contribute for private schools a larger admin- more than in the past toward the istrative liberty, not a preferential total budget of the growing Chi- treatment of Christian schools, but nese church; but when political larger liberty for all in matters of conditions become stabilized and a such private nature, so long as the measure of prosperity returns, that general educational curriculum church should become increasingly conforms to national standards.

able and gladly willing to meet the Some missions have adopted the expense of its General Council and policy of confining their education- hasten the day of full autonomy al work more largely to the children through self-support. of Christian families and to the The problem of Christian educa- preparation of students especially tion in China does not find its solu- for Christian work, and have found tion as quickly as many had hoped. the spiritual atmosphere of the The Nanking Government showed, schools much improved by the with- in its early months, an inclination drawal of most of the non-Chris- to make all possible concessions to tian students and by the greater Christian schools as to require- singleness of purpose of those who ments for registration, and per- remain, relinquishing, as they do, mitted fairly explicit statements of the advantages of government rec- their Christian aim in application ognition. On the other hand, many papers, seeking only an impartial of the registered schools report application of its interpretation of that, While the attendance upon religious liberty in forbidding re- Christian worship and stUdies has quired religious worship or studies fallen off from twenty to eighty per in private schools. Unfortunately, cent since they became elective, yet too large a liberty of divergence their quality and influence, and the from these national regulations has interest of students in them, have been allowed to provincial boards greatly improved. Equally wise of education, some of which have and successful missionaries are ruled against any expression of a found on both sides of this que5- Christian aim, or have even forbid- tion.

den primary schools to teach reli- An outstanding event of the past gion in any way. Most of the year in Christian education was the

1930J THE CHINA OF 1929

dedication of the new plant of the darity, and encourage the hope of a Yenching University at Peking, for united front in the forward march.

which distinguished visitors went This National Council, the from Great Britain and America. Church of Christ in China, and The preponderantly Chinese archi- other Christian organizations are tecture and landscape gardening launching a nation-wide evangel- have made a very pleasing impres- istic movement with the opening of sion; and an able faculty, now the year 1930. The urge for this more Chinese than foreign, is com- movement has come from the rev- manding general respect. Another elations of the last few years as to Union University, at Tsinanfu, the smallness and weakness of the Shantung, has definitely devoted it- Christian Church; its inspiration self to a larger ministry to China's has come in large measure from rural population, more than eighty- the spirit and message of the Jeru- five per cent of the whole nation. salem Council, and vast encourage- Nanking University has begun a ment has been afforded by the dis- new period of prosperity following covery that the influence exerted the great destruction wrought in by Christianity in China is many 1927. The ,most largely attended times what might have been ex- Theological Seminary, attracting pected from the numbers of the students from many provinces, is Christians. The aim of the move- the North China Theological Sem- ment is so to intensify the evan- inary at Tenghsien, Shantung, gelistic activity of all churches and which is largely under the control Christian organizations as to ac- of the Chinese Church; but the complish at least the doubling of Nanking Theological Seminary has the membership of the churches been reopened and the Union Sem- within the next five years. During inaries in Canton and Tsinan are recent years there has been some in vigorous operation. danger of the missions' devoting The National Christian Council, an undue proportion of funds and with a majority of Chinese mem- force to the development ofedu- bers, has been thoroughly reorgan- cational and other institutions,' and ized to secure a more genuinely the new emphasis on the heart of representative character; not, the missionary enterprise, the mak- however, to represent the missions, ing of God known through Jesus but to represent the various Christ by direct evangelization is branches of the Chinese Christian most timely. Great enthusiasm is Church. The collection of valuable being displayed in the launching of information for all the churches, the movement. Methods and ma- keeping in touch with other nation- terials are being developed as rap- al Christian organizations, visita- idly as possible, and the goal set tion of great centers, organization should be more than attained if a of spiritual retreats, and other ac- fair degree of peace and security tivities, greatly aid the growth of are established and maintained in the churches, evidence their soli- that disturbed land.

Eternal Father, heal' our common prayer for all who are beshadowed by sorrow, tormented by temptation, or baffled by perplexity. 0 Thou Solver of human problems, Thou Comforter of all who mourn, may our helplessness be Thy opportunity and our deep need Thy open door.—JOSEPH FORT NEWTON.

OPPORTUNITIES AND PERILS IN

BY DR. HENRY T. HODGKIN Formerly Secretary 6J the National Oh1'istia'lt Council of China I T MAY fairly be said that in Christians who have remained human affairs the largest pos- faithful, to have talked with men sibilities of good are usually who have passed through the fire associated with dangers of a spe- and came out tried like gold, to cial land. The present moment in have seen buildings destroyed and the Christian movement in China ransacked and befouled and yet to is no exception and in this article find they were still being used for I propose to look at the opportuni- worship, is to realize how much ties and perils in their relation to steadfastness there has been often one another. None can say what in unexpected places and quite un- the next ten years may bring forth, recorded. These things have been but in the light of the present sit- noted by the general public in uation within the Church and in China. It would be quite mislead- the nation we may be able to indi- ing to say that persecution is at an cate some possibilities and the con- end. It would be wrong to deny ditions likely to favor or to prevent that some unseen structures have their realization. This much at fallen when the storm burst. But least can be attempted by way of the large degree of steadfastness stimulating further thought and shown often by humble and illiter- focusing attention upon significant ate people is a testimony to the factors in the situation. fact that amid the storms there is I a rock which can stand. Many things in China are changing and The inauguration of the "Five have changed. Some are comment- Years' Movement" by the National ing on the fact that the Church has Christian Council at its annual shown a certain stability and quiet meeting last May is a notable evi- confidence and are interested in dence of the conviction, shared by discovering how they can be.

Christian leaders all over the coun- Herein then lies the first oppor- try, that now is the time for ad- tunity which the National Chris- vance. The wave of anti-Christian tian Council has discerned and to passion has largely spent itself. which confirmatory evidence is While there have been disappoint- given from all parts of China. It ing places, some falling away from is possible today to work in larger the Church and even the defection numbers than for years past. The of some trusted leaders, there has next few years should be a time of been not a little evidence of the rapid expansion. Can the Christian reality and depth of Christian con- forces sieze the moment and use it viction in times of great trial. To to the full for the extension of have visited, as I have, places Christ's Kingdom in China?

where communism has s w e p t Not less significant than the de- through a whole countryside with cision to start the movement is the bitter attacks upon all religion and kind of emphasis which is being upon Christianity in particular, given to it at the start. The Coun- and to meet with the group of cil calls for no general campaign 92 of large weeding and wide public- cessity of continued spare work and ity. It believes that there should after-care instead of leaving all tu oe a place for such before the five one great concerted effort-if these years are over. But it suggests things can in any means be accomthat in the meantime, work be plished much will be done to avert along the quieter lines of personal the peril which accompanies this evangelism, small retreats, empha- undoubted opportunity. sis on stewardship, religious education and so forth. Why? Is it II not because there are perils very closely connected with the oppor- As all stewarts of Chinese affairs tunity? We may consider two such. know, the present period in the de- velopment of republican ideas is In the first place a rapid public known as that of "tutelage." It is advance of the Christian forces hoped that civil wars will soon be just now is very likely to become a a thing of the past. But it is evisignal for a recrudescence of anti- dent that the country is not yet Christian propaganda. Now us ripe for the exercise of all the remissionary-hearted men would halt sponsibilities of democratic governhis efforts for fear of opposition. ment. The large number of illit- But it may well be that a larger erates is one problem but an even result can be obtained by quieter greater one is the lack of "political methods at this juncture. The crit- sense" among very many who are ical condition of public affairs in at least partially educated. Crit- China may indicate a measure of icism has always been strongly decaution in action that may be need- veloped in China and many a lessly provocative. Doubtless this corrupt official owed his downfall consideration has been in mind, es- to the old censorship which was pecially in view of some of the ex- maintained in Peking. This faculty citing causes of the previous out- is very useful in a country under burst. an autocracy and indeed scarcely less so where democratic institu- A far more serious peril, how- tions flourish. But it would not be ever, is that which concerns the unfair to China to say that it has life of the church itself? Is it ready been developed out of all proporto receive a large influx? A letter tion to the constructive faculty and it is this latter which above all recently to hand from a missionary others is needed today. of many years standing confirms This includes the power to do what I have had reason to feel. He good team work, the willingness to says that large numbers could very subordinate personnel to public easily be enrolled in the list of en- ends, vision to see and statesmanquirers but that they could not be ship to carry through large tasks of cared for and many should be lost public welfare; a readiness to acagain after the first enthusiasms. cept a work under unideal condi- 'the church itself must learn some tions which cannot be quickly things before it can be trusted to changed, along with a determinadeal with a large influx. If two tion to get them changed as soon as years can be used to the full, re- possible; ability to use many peoacting in fresh tides of spiritual ple of all kinds even in spite of life, a firmer hold on central reali- their obvious limitations, a great ties, a deeper passion for souls, a greater sense of the absolute ne-

patience-and of course many oth- the political development of their er ingredients. It is a very inter- country. But they are held back esting fact that China is using so from throwing their whole life into large a number of graduates from this service for a variety of reasons the Christian schools and colleges of which I can only give what I in positions of great responsibility conceive to be the leading ones.

today. Why is this? Certainly not Some undoubtedly fear the tremen- because of any prediliction for dous temptations of public life, the Christianity and mission education. subtle tendency to compromise on It is because such qualities as the vital issues, the power of graft, the above are found in a large degree types of social life into which they in such persons. The mission col- would be drawn and so forth. More leges have been on the whole, very powerful may be in certain cases, successful in training men and the fear that their lives will soon women in this way. become futile either because the Now here is a great opportunity difficulties of getting anything done which has opened to Christians in wm prove insurmountable or be- China. The demand for men and cause the uncompromising man will women of fine calibre in the public find himself in isolation and beset service is alInost unlimited. Pa- by enemies, as not a few have done triotic citizens long to serve the already. To some it certainly country in the day of her need. seems that the larger ends they de- All the leadership of the church sire for their country can be ap- could be absorbed tomorrow into proached better by exciting influ- political life without any danger of ence from without than by getting iis becoming overstocked with able tangled up within the machine of and high-minded persons. What politics.

could be better for China than that I think I am not mistaken, how- she should be increasingly led by ever, in emphasizing another cause Christians of the finest type? for this reluctance. The church it- What could be better for the stand- self is just struggling for life and ing of the church in the nation than has to deal with many very serious that she should supply the best kind problems. While there are some of leadership in this critical peri- Chinese Christians of large vision od? The door is open and the one and strong personality who may be difficulty seems to be that there is able to guide the church in these not a large supply of persons quali- days, they are manifestly far fewer fied to enter. than the occasion demands and of- Yet it can easily be seen that ten lack any wide experience. If herein lies a grave danger which we think of the churches in China some of China's ablest and most far- reaching out to meet a new situa- seeing Christians have already tion and seeking a solution to prob- sensed. I know those who have lems that have perplexed and baf- been repeatedly urged to go into fled the best minds in the world, public life who have so far resisted such as the reunion of Christen- every kind of pressure. It is not dom, the reconciliation of old tra- because they have any theoretical dition and new truth, the new mor- view that Christians should not go al problems in the home and deep into politics. Those I think of are relations, the effective Christianiz- deeply interested as Christians, in ation of rural life, the adjustment

OPPORTUNITIES AND PERILS IN CHINA

of Christian thought and life to the shattering force is being brought ancient philosophy and culture of to bear on ancient superstitions China, we may partly realize th~ and on the wisdom of the sages in urgent need for the very best which so far as it is hinted to such. On can be given by Chinese leader and the other hand nationalism is urgmissionary in patient and sympa- ing men back towards a reexamthetic cooperation. To see the spir- ination and naturalism of the past itual need in many places and to wherein China's own sons have realize what big advances would be thought into the problems of the possible to a church with a firmer universe. The new cannot be rehold upon spiritual realities is to sisted. It demonstrates its value in have this same impression greatly a thousand ways. Beside the culstrengthened. ture of scientific nations how dere- lict that of China appears. An Here lies a peril very real and article like Dr. Hu Shih's in often present to the mind of Whither Mankind sets forth with thoughtful Chinese Christians. stabbing clearness this mood. Yet How can this relatively small and over against it is another. Perhaps weak body be led forward into these novel ideas carry men too far fresh experiences of God and into away from solid anchorage. Can a place where solutions may be China afford to sail forth on this found to her many insistent prob- uncharted sea? Is there nothing in lems? If the finer spirits who are her own part to which she must being urged to sieze the amazing cling desperately and which she opportunities for public service may hold to as assured in spite of should one_after another, respond all the efforts of the "scientific spirto these calls, what will happen to it"? The excesses of the commuthe church itself? It can hardly nist regime have made some who meet its needs with its present were keen on "reform" look up and leadership. Let that be depleted, wonder. Somewhere in the mind of for however worthy a cause, and China is a big half formed question we must face a backward move- -a doubt as to the soundness of ment towards greater dependence the policy of discarding the ancient. in foreign help, or failure at the Old China is reasserting h~rself, center just when the need for a but uncertainly with little Nnvicstrong well-planned advance is so tion that she holds the key in her urgent. Seldom has a great oppor- own hands. tunity been associated with a graver peril. Looking beneath the surface it is possible to see here a supreme III opportunity for a church which knows its own mind and has a con- It is only possible to dwell on structive message to give. If her one other aspect of my general spokesmen can show insight and theme, which I shan call the op- sympathy, if they can get the feel portunity to reach the mind of of this complex world of idea and China. That may sound a rather hopes and at the same time give a vague and pretentious idea but I word of truth that goes right home am convinced that there is such an to the present perplexity of many opportunity today. A whole vol- thoughtful minded, they can do ume could be written on the mental something of u"nique value for this transformations taking place in China today. On the one hand a

and succeeding generations. The ing doubt as to whether higher more sure and certain word of education is a good "missionary prophecy is needed desperately in method," and this may be more the China of today-not as a mere vigorously expressed if the opporquoting of another set of authority tunity for expression of religious as over against the scientific expert idea in the colleges and schools is on the one hand and the Confucian greatly curtailed. It is by no means philosophy on the other, but as a certain that the church in China is confident appeal to the higher rea- alive to the need on the educational son in men challenging them to and intellectual side and she is still think for themselves in the assur- a very long way from being able to ance that such thinking by honest carryon these institutions. minds will lead them towards Him Turning to another aspect of the who is the Truth. The "resthetic case, we have a growing feeling gospel" from the French trained among the very best students in student, the "economic gospel" our colleges that the church is out from the Russian trained one, the of touch with the thought life of "scientific efficiency gospel" from today. They find pastors and peothe Anglo-Saxon-can none of them ple alike using terms that have no satisfy China, any more than they meaning for them, content with can satisfy the soul of any other ideas which even a small education people. These things are now in has shown to be untenable, showing the melting pot in China. A church no power to appreciate the mighty which bases its message on a his- struggle towards reality in which torical revelation confirmed by an they have become so deeply ininward experience of the grace of volved. This leads to drift away God should have something to say from organized religion, the forwhich will make all the difference mation of groups and fellowships to many who are finding it impos- which may become mere cliques, sible to draw solid comfort and the inbreeding and intellectual arassurance out of that melting pot. rogance of a section of the Chris- At this very time the educational tian fellowship which is easier to institutions established by the mis- understand than to avoid. The mosions are meeting a new and diffi- ment of opportunity is again the cult situation. The attempt to take moment of peril. A break away by all religion out of the schools has students and young people would not succeeded, but by putting wor- spell disaster for the church. Yet ship and Bible teaching on a volun- if they are to express freely what is tary basis a new situation has been in them and give fearlessly the created which has not yet been message which thoughtful Chinese fully met. Under Chinese leader- outside the church can appreciate ship and in the new circumstances and understand it seems in many created by the educational policy cases impossible for them to do it of the government, there is a pos- within the church as it now is. sibility that the pressure towards This dilemma is felt by some Chisecularization and the demand for nese leaders to be the most serious "efficiency" at the cost of character problem they have to face. That building on Christian lines may there is a drift away from the prove very difficult to resist. In church by the very people to whom some quarters there remains a last- the Christian movement has given

of its best and to whom it must statesmanship. But it needs more look increasingly if it is to reach than insight and planning. It needs the mind of China is a tragic fact the reckless devotion that makes which ought to be realized by every the adventure, seeing the perils in- missionary-hearted person and volved in the opportunities but made a matter of earnest prayer. none the less going forward to meet How can these young people, many the new day with courage" and hope.

with a deep desire to serve Christ What is the place of the mission- and with a real experience of HIS ary? Not less than before, say in grace, become an instrument for 1900, but in some ways different. meeting the opportunity which Sitting down with his Chinese opens up before the church, but to friends he must try to appreciate which many Christians are blind? all that is involved in this perilous A year ago I was traveling yet hopeful day. Together must through Shans: where the martyrs they think out the lives of advance at the time of the boxer uprising and the way by which the perils fell by the hundreds, looking on the may be avoided. They must one hand at the graces of many strengthen one another to meet the who then gave up their lives for temptations of a new age. A wider the love of Christ and on the other sympathy, a more generous outlook hand into the faces of a new gen- towards those who think and act erationraised up in less than thirty unconventionally, must be devel- years facing a world so utterly dif- oped in this association. Youth has ferent from that of 1900. The to be given its chance and will simple faith of martrys, sealed by make its mistakes, but the future their death, is needed no whit less is for youth to make or mar, and today than then, a devotion that those who are old and can do noth- will carry men through fires of ing to help unless they maintain " persecution or into the bold facing the spirit of youth themselves. It of their subtle spiritual perils of is a great day for China and noth- which I have been writing. That ing is more to be desired, as far as faith must be expressed in new the West is concerned. Now that ways. Thought forms, social ideals the youth from our Christian and habits, economic conditions are homes in Europe and America may changing along with the changing see the opportunities as well as the political order, in some places perils and go forth in larger num- slowly in others with amazing ra- bers to share the tremendous task pidity. To meet this situation aright of meeting them in the name and is the great task of Christian the power of the living Christ.

CHINA'S POPULATION PROBLEM China contains more than 4,000,000 square miles and a population estimated at 446,000,000. Here is a problem which defies solution by any available means. It is not China's problem alone, it is a world problem. China seems to be approaching a period at which her land cannot support her people.

-Report of the Red Cross Commission to China.

2

OPENING OF

UNIVERSITY, PEPING BY PRESIDENT J. LEIGHTON STUART, D.D., LL.D.

I N THE early months of 1919, for a Christian university broadly Yenching University was little conceived in the ancient city which more than a vision of unreal- always had been and perhaps al- ized potentialities. Two old mis- ways will be even more the educasion colleges, both chartered as tional than the political capital of such in 1879, had been united- China. the Methodist Peking University and the North China Union College The new start was made purely as a venture of faith, and whatever at Tungchow founded by the results have been achieved are American Presbyterian and the fresh evidence of the practical British and American Congrega- working of such faith. The first tional Missions of that area. The great encouragement was the afold plants had been converted into preparatory schools. The capital filiation of the North China Union College for Women in the spring appropriations of $50,000 each had of 1920, which has enriched the inall been expended on land in the stitution in every aspect of its life southeast corner of the City of and has with the years' brought Peking. The old buildings on this steadily increasing integration of land were converted into impro- aims as of assets. After more than vised classrooms, dormitories, etc. a year a site was secured, what had Each of the four cooperating mis- once been the summer garden of sion boards had agreed to supply a Manchu prince, five miles from two mISSIOnary teachers and the city wall out toward the famous $1,000 in cash per annum. There Western Hills, on the slopes of were less than one hundred stu- which cluster so many of the paldents, almost entirely drawn from aces and temples of China's great local mission schools and supported past. In that lovely and historic on mission scholarships. These environment have been erected were the material assets. But there buildings which are symbolic of was the unbroken tradition in the our educational purpose in their older colleges of forty years of de- blend of Eastern and Western culvoted Christian service against all ture. Built of steel and concrete, the hardships and handicaps of the exterior reproduces the fine pioneering struggle; there was the proportions of the slowly decaying fruitage of this effort in a widely- palaces and temples around us with scattered body of alumni, not a their graceful curves and gorgeous few of whom constituted the back- coloring; the interior is equipped bone of organized Christian work with all the installations that add in North China; there was the to the comfort and efficiency of heritage of idealism, faith, high modern construction in the West. hopes and happy harmony. These The very architecture thus ex- previous imponderables were the presses our desire to preserve the real assets-these and the thrilling elements of abiding value in sense of opportunity and of need China's cultural heritage, while re- 98

FORMAL OPENING OF YENCHINGUNIVERSI'l'Y, PEPING

inforcing these with all the scien- York and thus gives degrees which tific and other knowledge and the spiritual dynamic that we of west- meet the requirements of that ern lands seek to share with China in the rebuilding of that nation. State. It also has been registered The nearly two hundred acres of land, the academic buildings and under the recently established Naresidences, represent to date an expenditure of about two and a tional Government of China, and quarter million dollars, and there is an endowment of about the same thus follows the regulations and amount. has the recognition of the Ministry The Faculty is a further illus- of Education. The aim of its founders is that as it passes more completely into Chinese control it will steadily maintain the religious character and purpose for which it came into existence. .

DEDICATORY PROCESSION IN FRONT OF BASHFORD )IFJ:I!ORJAL B U n,DING tration of the blending of cultures. The new plant was first occupied Of its one hundred full-time mem- during the summer of 1926 and, bers, two thirds are Chinese, nearly had it not been for threatening all of whom have studied in Europe political disturbance, it would have or America, and the other one third been formally dedicated the folare Western teachers who try to lowing autumn. A second date understand, not only the Chinese was postponed for the same reason, language, but the distinctive char- and at last it was determined to acteristics of this ripe old civiliza- hold this ceremony during the tion. There are 750 students, from autumn of 1929. In many respects all the provinces and from over- this proved to be an advantage. seas, from all classes of society,- Political uncertainty had been over 550 men and nearly 200 largely removed and our estabwomen. The University has been lished status under the new Govincorporated under the Regents of ernment secured not only its official the University of the State of New endorsement but a much larger

measure of good will from the and guests during a service of rare public. The grounds and buildings beauty conducted partly in Chipresented a more finished appear- nese, partly in English, by Dean ance. The policies and outlook T. C. Chao of the School of Relihad been further clarified by ex- gion, who with Dr. Timothy T. perience, and the completion of the Lew had prepared and printed the first decade under the present ad- outline of service in both lanministration seemed to be in gen- guages. Especially impressive was eral a fitting time for announcing the r eading of the lists of buildour existence to the academic ings by groups and their dedicaworld and publicly dedicating our tion to God by the whole assembly possessions to the advancement of in responsive readings. The serthe Kingdom of God in China. mon was by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, General Secretary of the National PROCESSION TO THE RELIGIOUS Christian Council, Presiding Of- CEREMONY aD' '['HE D E DICATION ficer of the Church of Christ in China, and probably the most nota- The formal opening was planned ble, certainly the most eloquent and to continue through four days, revered, leader of Chinese Chris- Saturday, September 28 to Tues- tianity. Many persons testified day, October 1, 1929. Saturday was with deep emotion to the sense of occupied with inspection of the reverence and reality felt during grounds under student guides, ath- this service and to the witness it letics, and an entertainment of gave to the Christian character of welcome in the evening conducted the University. by the students, in which they also gave gratifying expression to their That afternoon a conference appreciation of their Alma Mater. was held in English on the prob- lems of religious work in a univer- The Sunday gatherings were of sity under present conditions in surpassing significance. In the China and the solutions being atmorning the Dedicatory Service tempted at Yenching. This was intook place in the great Auditorium tended especially to acquaint visiof the Bashford Administration tors from America with this situa- Building, named after Bishop tion, but again the room where the James W. Bashford, to whose vi- conference was held was crowded. sion and determination the union In the evening the Bashford Audiof the two older colleges was torium was filled once more during chiefly due. The room was filled a sacred concert. with faculty members, students, Monday was Alumni Day with a large attendance and much en- thusiasm in the reunion lunch and meetings. That day and Tuesday morning scientific and other tech- nical papers were read in groups divided according to Natural and Social Science, Arts and Letters, Religion, the distinctive aim being to make a record of the attain- ments of modern Chinese scholar- ship in these various fields.

FORMAL OPENING OF YENCHING UNIVERSITY, PEPING

On Tuesday afternoon we had with unusual earnestness of his the Formal Opening proper in a approval of Christian education as ceremony of stately dignity and exemplified in this instance. A glowing interest. As on Sunday Harvard professor represented morning, a long procession formed universities from other countries, in the building flanking the main and our loyal friend, Dr. Chang court, across which it proceeded Poling, the Christian President of into the Auditorium. This in- a near-by private university, did cluded, in addition to the speakers, the same for those in China.

members of the Diplomatic Corps There were many causes for en- in formal dress, representatives couragement: in the number and from other government, private, standing of visitors who came and Christian colleges, members especially from America; in the of the Board of Trustees (U. S. A.) widespread interest and endorse- and of Managers (China), dis- ment among Chinese; in the treat- tinguished delegates, the Faculty, etc. The Chairman of the Board of Managers, Dr. W. W. Yen, thrice Prime Minister of China, distinguished as scholar and diplo- mat, a worthy son of one of the earliest and noblest Chinese clergy- men, presided. The President of the Board of Trustees presented the Chancellor of the University with its keys, to which he replied in a striking statement which made it perfectly clear that the first Chi- President Chancellor J. LEWHTON STUART WU LEI-CHUAN nese executive head is as d eter- mined to maintain its Christian quality and purpose as any mis- ment of the event in the Chinese sionary or supporter of missions press; in the friendliness of the in the West. Chancellor Wu, after whole community; in the evidence taking the highest honors possible of lack of anti-foreign or anti- under the old classical examination Christian feeling; and for all system, and serving for years in these reasons in the prospects for the Ministry of Education, had re- the future. The walls and stair- signed his position of Vice-Min- ways of Bashford Hall were cov- ister in order to become our Chan- ered with scrolls and other em- cellor and enable us to comply with blems in gorgeous oriental colors the regulations of the new govern- and with complimentary inscrip- ment that the head of every edu- tions.

cational institution must be a The narrative of this event has Chinese. Representatives of the been recorded in this detail because National, Provincial, and Munici- of the heartening effect it should pal Governments gave messages of have for those interested in the good will. The Governor of Christian cause in China. Much Shansi, who until a few weeks that appears destructive or dis- previous had been governor of our cOUl'aging has been happening in province, made a special trip from that country, and there have been his new post to attend, and spoke many misgivings as to the future.

Yenching University is known ing faith and persistent well-directed effort and the response of generous among all Chinese as having been donors have brought about this marvelfounded and now being conducted <,us achievement in material things in on a Christian basis. The place it an almost incredibly brief period. At the same time there has been gathered has won in Chinese life as indi- at Yenching a faculty that in ability, cated by this Formal Opening may training, experience, and, to a large de- gree, in devotion to the purposes for properly be held, therefore, to reg- which Yenching was founded, is even ister their approval of Christian more impressive than its material equip- education when conducted with due ment, remarkable as that is. We are thoroughly committed to the regard to national considerations. small college, and believe there is a type For those of us connected with the of work which the small college will do institution the supreme satisfac- best. On the other hand there is a cer- tain directing of educational thought tion was in the thought that Jesus which comes from the larger institution, Christ was thereby being exalted thoroughly equipped as to buildings and all educational facilities, fully staffed as and an institution of learning be- to its various departments, and so placed ing accepted where His truth that it can test out by experimentation would be studied and His princi- the solutions of problems calling for at- tention. ples practiced, in the hope that faith in Him. would be awakened In the midst of present baffling condi- tions in the educational field, Yenching in successive generations of stu- is frankly experimenting, trying to find the best solutions of perplexing probdents, and forms of Christian life lems, whose immediate solution can only and worship would be developed be approximated. Experimentation in- volves risk and risk begets anxiety, and in keeping with the Chinese racial the friends of Yenching, as it is now genius and the intelligence of our fully launched on its efforts to help age. Yenching is now committed China, share in this anxiety that it may be guided aright in its difficult undertakafresh in the most public declara- ing. tions to its Christian origin and It is easy to criticize, it is easy to purpose, not only by its Western doubt, it is easy to sit on the side lines and wonder; but the achievement at founders, but by their Chinese col- Yenching, in both material equipment leagues and successors. and faculty, carried through in an almost In conclusion, it is an especial incredibly short space of time, in the face joy to quote the following para- of baffling political conditions in China, and a degree of uncertainty regarding graph from The Chinese Recorder, China in western lands, is one that com- pels the admiration of all who realize the by Rev. Dr. F. D. Gamewell who vision, the faith, the almost superhuman started the little Methodist school effort that alone have made such achieveover forty years ago out of which ment possible. In Columbia University, with its afone of our constituent colleges was filiated Teachers' College, we have a type formed and whose participation in of the larger institution, whose influence on the educational thought, not only of our dedicatory exercises was one America, but of the world, and particu- of the happiest features of the oc- larly of China, it would not be easy to casion: estimate. We covet for Yenching Uni- versity a place in.the future educational In August, 1922, the cornerstone of program of China that will make its inthe first building, Ninde Divinity Hall, fluence felt likewise throughout the Chiwas laid on the new site of Yenching nese nation and in other lands, in rightly University, in the hills west of Peping. directing Christian educational thought.

September 27 to October 1, 1929, wit- The Church Pennant, with the cross nessed the formal opening of its new of Christ, is the only flag that flies above plant, an important part of the exercises the national flag. May Yenching Uni- consisting of the dedicatory services on versity keep its Christian purpose stead- Sunday, September 29, when approxi- ily above all its multiplied activities, and mately thirty university buildings and as President Stuart puts it, find the way over fifty faculty residences were dedi- of achieving "its unchanging purpose in cated to Almighty God for the service of the midst of constantly changing condimankind. Vision, courage, an unfalter- tions."

INTEREST IN BOOKS

RELIGION BY ARTHUR .J. BROWN RELIGION is a subject of in- our desk. Some indeed are of in- creasing public interest and ferior grade or advocate vagaries the Bible is still the most popular Book in the world, pessimists to the contrary notwithstanding. Else how can one explain the steady stream of books from the great publishing houses of Europe and America? These houses publish books to sell. They reject manuscripts, however meritorious, for which they believe there would not be a profitable market. It is significant, .therefore, that trade reports show that religious books rank next to fiction in the total number of volumes published in the United States. It is not surprising that fiction headed the list with 1,135 novels, but religion came next with 776, a number which exceeded sociology, economics, biography, drama, poetry and books for children.

Still more significant is the ~rhil~s:i!~eO~u~t~~s c~:cil~;ttedhi:~~r~b~~~rl~; steady increase in proportion as ~~~e~el~u~3~~'dB~P'~~yS~f~;'::rtlJ';gf~t i~~';,:~~~ compared with former years. In the year 1880, the number of re- ~~~ksofci~'~l:~l>d 'l;;;t~h:n§~ci~t: i~nd;v;~~~.~ ligious books published in America was 239, in 1900 it was 448, in 1920 it was 665, and in 1928 it was 776. The advance outstripped that of books on other subjects, in 1900 religious books having been sixth on the list while in 1928 they were second. "And yet," observes the editor of the Federal Council Bulletin, who cites these facts, "some people talk as if general concern for religion disappeared with our fathers !"

We are impressed not only by the number but by the character of the books on religion that come to 103

of belief. These are exceptions. H. T. Andrews, Vernon Bartlet, F. C. Most of the books make no sensa- Bryan, A. T. Cadoux, G. E. Darlaston, tional appeal but are serious dis- D. Miall Edwards, H. H. Farmer, John cussions of weighty themes, the Lewis, and Malcolm Spencer. They kind of books that demand the discuss such subjects as "Reality in thoughtful study of thoughtful men Religion," "Man's Need of a Deliverand women. Many have already er," "The Historic Jesus," "The Christ been reviewed in former numbers of Apostolic Experience," "Christ in of the REVIEW in the section headed Theology," "The Meaning and Task of "Books Worth Reading." Now Christology in Its Earlier and Later several more are before us, and Forms," "The Christ of Today in Modpartly to illustrate our point and ern Terms," "Christ in Present Expartly to, emphasize their value, we perience," "Christ's Right to Our refer to them in this article. We do Worship," and "The Church's Witness not mean that we agree with all the to Her Lord." Here are weighty subopinions that these books express, jects indeed, and they are discussed but we believe that they are too with a clearness, a philosophical inimportant to be ignored. He is a sight, and a reverence of spirit which narrow-minded Christian who does make the book one of large value. A not want to know what able and thoughtful reacj.ing of this volume will reverent followers of Christ have be a tonic to faith. written, whether or not he agrees with them at all points. The Christian God, by Richard Rob- erts, ($1.50) contains the Merrick The New Testament in the Light of Lectures at the Ohio Wesleyan Uni- Modern Research is by Adolph Deiss- versity, by the former pastor of the mann, Professor of Theology in the Congregational Church of the Pil- University of Berlin, Germany. There grims in Brooklyn, the American Presis general agreement that Dr. Deiss- byterian Church, Montreal, and now mann is one of the world's foremost the Sherbourne Church, Toronto. He biblical scholars. No other theologian has been closely associated with the has written more valuable books on Student Christian Movement in Engthe Bible and related subjects, and no land and America, and has written sev- German writer of our acquaintance eral books and many magazine articles writes in such lucid and beautiful which have attracted wide attention. English. This volume gives the Has- He says that these "lectures are in kell Lectures which Dr. Deissmann de- some sort intended for a confession of livered in Oberlin College during his faith; but obeying an apostolic inlast visit in America. It discusses the junction, I have tried to give a reason origin and language of the New Tes- for the faith that is in me." The chaptament, its place in world history, and ters discuss prayer and revelation, the its historical and religious values. No Christian event in the life of Jesus, intelligent Christian can afford to miss God in Christ, the cross in history, this small but very valuable book. Christ as the living God, the dishar- (Doubeleday, Doran & Co., $2.) mony caused by pain and sin, the na- ture of evil, forgiveness and, its Five of the other books referred outcome. The book is a thoughtful to are issued by the great publish- study of these great themes. There is ing house of The Macmillan Com- an occasional statement in which we pany, New York. do not concur, but the volume as a whole is an able discussion by an elo- of The Lord Life, ($2.50) has been quent preacher.

written by nine eminent scholars of The Bible from the Beginning the Free Churches of Great Britain- ($2.50) is by P. Morrison Simms, a Presbyterian minister who for a quar-

INCREASING INTEREST IN BOOKS ON RELIGION

ter of a century has made a special more perplexed than we were before. study of the origin and history of the We daily use electricity. But what is Bible, and has one of the finest private it? An inquisitive newspaper reporter collections of translations and editions. thought that Edison ought to know, One is impressed by the wealth of in- and asked him. But Edison replied formation which he has packed into that he did not know what electricity the 318 pages of this volume. Most is; that he simply knew that there is of the facts have been published be- a universal force operating which fore, but scattered through a large could be utilized for the benefit of hunumber of books, some of which are manity, and he was trying to do it. expensive or not accessible except in metropolitan and university libraries. The author of this interesting vol- A bibliography of eleven pages shows ume, although discussing prayer the wide reading of the author and through many pages, frankly admits gives one an idea of the immense that "in reality prayer is uncompreamount of literature available to the hensible and at the same time indis- Bible student. An index of eight pensable." However, it is well somepages makes the rich stores in this times for the Christian to study the book readily accessible for reference. subject of prayer intellectually as well It is the best work of our acquaintance as devotionally. on this particular subject. The book before us provides such Prayer, by Mario Puglisi, ($2.50) a study. It has been written by a invites us to enter the innermost profound thinker and a reverent Chrissanctuary of the Christian life where tian. He is an Italian professor and the soul holds communion with God. lecturer who is better known in Eu- But a little self-examination as to the rope than in America, but he deserves kinds of prayers that one has been of- to be better known here. He has writfering may lead to some startling re- ten many books and magazine articles sults. How many Christians use that have deeply affected the religious prayer only as a means of getting thought of his countrymen. In the something for themselves, usually of a book now under eonsideration, he dismaterial kind-money or deliverance cusses the philosophical interpretation from physical danger. Unquestionably of prayer, the phenomenology of one is justified in praying for these prayer, the meaning and value of things, for God cares for all the ex- prayer, and prayer in the religious life periences of our lives. But is that all of today. A bibliographical appendix that prayer ought to be? Surely of 37 pages gives an amazing list of prayer is something more than these publications about prayer in all lanthings. The author of this book would guages. The book is not easy reading. lead his readers into a fuller sense of It is a volume to be studied and medithe spiritual value of prayer, and the tated about and prayed over. The reality of its benefits to Christian life reader, like the reviewer, will doubtand experience. less find some statements that he can- not accept, but he will certainly be Probably most of us feel that we know invigorated and enriched by this what it is, but probably too few of us thoughtful volume. Bernard M. Allen have stopped to analyze it and define has rendered an important service to it. When we do undertake to do this, English readers by his excellent transwe quickly find ourselves in deep wa- lation from the Italian. ter. After all, some of the greatest verities do not easily lend themselves Altar Stairs, by Joseph Fort Newto definition. We know that we are ton. ($1.25.) We have read this little alive. But what is life? No philos- book of prayers with deep tenderness opher or. scientist has ever been able of feeling. It goes straight to one's to tell us. They give us only involved heart, and through it to the God and and turgid statements which leave us Father of us all. Such delicacy of sentiment, such loftiness of aspiration,

and such beauty of devotional spirit the latter, that "it is the best testiwe do not remember to have seen in mony I have come across, indubitable any other book of the kind. These first-hand evidence." Doubtless other prayers are those of a man who has reviewers have been less favorable, had audience with God. Every min- but naturally the publishers' prospecister and other Christian worker, and, tus does not quote their comments. for that matter, every follower of Christ should thoughtfully read this The author's objectives appear to book. One will find in it, as we have be, to prove first that the soul surfound, strengthening of faith and en- vives after the death of the body; richment of spiritual life. second, that the resurrection of Christ was the chief purpose for The Chain-Reference Bible, (Kirk- which He became incarnate, His death bride Bible Co., Indianapolis) by Dr. being primarily not a vicarious sac- Frank Charles Thompson, is clearly rifice but to convince men that His printed on good paper with a thumb body actually died so that there could index and leather binding. The unique be no question .about the reality of features are its system of references His resurrection; third, that the resfor consecutive study of topics, and urrection of believers occurs immethe numerical references to the con- diately after death and that there is densed encyclopedia in the appendix. no Scriptural warrant for the tradi- The helps' also include good analyses tional belief that their bodies rest in of books of the Bible, original dia- the grave until the "last day"; fourth, grams, many suggestive topical stud- that communication may be estabies and outlines, memory verses, a con- lished, as a matter of fact, is often cordance, and maps. The margins established now as in Bible times, beof the New Testament books also have tween those living upon earth and sub-headings to chapters in bold let- those who have passed into the other ters. It offers excellent help for young world; and fifth, that the churches preachers and Bible teachers. have denied themselves available power in failing to recognize this. Man's Survival After Death, by the Rev. C. L. Tweedale (Grant Richards, To prove the last two positions is Ltd., London, lOs. 6d.) is a book to evidently the main purpose of the give one pause, rather serious pause. book, and to their discussion the bulk We have the impression that it is of the volume is devoted. One begins hardly known in America, but it has the reading with quite natural skeptibeen widely read in Great Britain, is cism, and ends with the feeling that, in a third edition, and has been highly while not convinced, there is a trepraised by many British newspapers. mendous array of arguments and re- The Bristol Times calls it "epoch- ports of what are described as actual making, crammed with facts of a appearances from the spirit world, most thrilling and profoundly inter- supported not only by many witnesses esting nature." The Aberdeen Jour- but by photographs. It is probably nal characterizes it as "remarkably the most thorough and comprehensive fresh, exhaustive and interesting, a discussion of this particular subject sane and honest effort to handle the that has ever been put into a single case for immortality." The Edin- volume. burgh Scotsman says that it "gives an extremely interesting and careful The book challenges consideration representation of the subject." Such whether one agrees with its conclueminent ministers as the Baptist F. C. sions or not. It certainly makes the Spurr and the Anglican J. R. Camp- reality of eternal life very vivid. The bell commend it strongly, the former effect is unfortunately lessened by the saying that "the case presented by insertion of unnecessary and objec- Mr. Tweedale is unanswerable" and tional opinions on some scientific and theological points that are not ger- mane to the author's thesis.

WHERE WOMEN AND GOD

VEILED BY THE REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

President of ~-tmcrican Ull'il;crsity of CairoJ Egypt D o AMERICANS realize the only gave them as His most pre- dimensions of the Moslem cious gift to the man he loved best, world? It is a far cry from his friend Abraham, but also chose Morocco facing the Atlantic to the them as the place into which He Philippine Islands facing the Pa- might send His own dear Son. As.

ci:fic, and from the torrid zones of God sees it today a land of waste, the Sudan in Africa to the snow- with its olive trees cut down and bound Steppes of Central Asia. its people impoverished, I do not And yet all that vast area is the think He is satisfied. I think God Moslem world, and all this terri- cares for the lands themselves, the tory is involved in "the lands where lands where today His face is God and woman are veiled." veiled.

Does God really care for all But of course He cares infinitely lands? I think He does. I think more for the people there. How He literally cares for the moun- many of His children are in these tains and valleys; for He made Moslem lands, in this Mosl,em them and wanted them to be beau- world? I think God loves the Arab, tiful. He fashioned them. And as with all his sternness of character, He looks down upon that northern with all his range of vision, born stretch of Africa that once had a in the desert as he is. I think He teeming population and a great loves the Persian, with his mysti- civilization and produced some of cism and his poetry, and the Turk, the great leaders of the Christian with his courage and his daring, Church, and sees it today desolate for he has that in larger measure because the Arab horseman has than the rest of the Moslem world.

passed over it (and where the Arab And I think He loves, too, His black horseman passes the grass does not child in Africa, submissive,. obe- grow again), as He looks, I say, on dient, faithful. And all of tnese all this, I cannot help thinking that His children are in lands where God is grieved. God and woman are veiled.

And as He looks over to that part The considerations that appeal of the world which, if our tradi- to our hearts in my theme are just tions are true, was the part which these two: first, that woman is he selected as the cradle of human- veiled in this Moslem world; and ity, the great Euphrates valley, the secondly, that God is veiled. Pic- place around which gathers the ture to yourself two hundred mil- sweet story of the perfect paradise; lions of people, one hundred mil- as God sees it today so bare and lion women – women that are unproductive, I do not think God doomed to the veil. We could en- is satisfied. Or as He looks at that dure it if it were only an oriental other part of the Moslem world, fashion, a Moslem style of dress.

whose mountains and valleys He But it is more than that. It is the thought so beautiful that He not sign and symbol of faithlessness 107

and lack of virtue. It is the shame tubs." For if there is any place in of womanhood in the Moslem the world where woman is made a world, when yOU really understand slave it is in this Moslem world. the origin of it. But we are think- All her possibilities of life and ing not only of this physical veil beauty and character are veiled by upon Moslem women; we are think- this conception of servitude that ing also of how, in consequence of overshadows her. this thing that is laid upon them by Moslem social law, women are also Then I think of Moslem woman veiled by ignorance. Kemal has as being veiled by lovelessness. taken the veil from Turkish wom- There is nothing that brings out en, but he has not changed their the beauty in anyone's face and character. I suppose Egypt is a life, and nothing that brings out land that stands in the front rank the beauty in a woman's face and of Moslem nations in literacy, yet life, like love. It is because the an accurate census by the British Mohammedan woman does not tells us that only three women in a have the love of brother and husthousand can read and write. It band and son that you can go all grows out of their seclusion, their through the Moslem world and you limited horizon, their narrow life. will see hardened faces. The pos- They are veiled by ignorance. sibilities of these women's lives are veiled by the lovelessness of their Women in the Moslem world are lives. It is a loveless marriage inveiled also by servitude. It is true to which they go. It is arranged that they are not all slaves, that for both sides by the parents. And there are w e a I thy women in when they go into the marriage wealthy homes. But where woman life, it is without the expectation is not a slave she is usually a toy. of any sympathy and fellowship. Yet for the most part the Moham- Woman's life is loveless, too, bemedan woman is a slave; it is no cause of polygamy. Four legal uncommon thing, when a man wives are p 0 S sib 1e. Poverty wants another servant, for him usually decrees that there shall be j-ust to marry another wife. I but one, that is, one at a time; but read the report of that Parliament divorces come in rapid succession. of Religions held at Chicago at the Many a man in middle life has had time of the Chicago Fair. I nat- as many as twenty or thirty difurally turned to the section that ferent wives. dealt with Mohammedanism, for I thought I could judge the whole But the Moslem woman is espe- Parliament by that one religion. I cially veiled, most hopelessly veiled was amazed at the representations by the spiritual darkness of her made. Speaking of Mohammedan life. I have gone through the women, the speaker said: "The Koran to find something that might picture of a Mohammedan woman be satisfying to a woman's heart bending over a washtub to support as she looks out beyond this life of a drunken husband and several misery to the life beyond. I have children is a picture that you never not found it. I have looked in the see in the Moslem world." I mosque for places that might be thought for a moment, and I said, "Yes, it is so; but the only reason reserved for the women, but there is that they do not have the wash- are no such places. Occasionally you will see a holy woman going into the mosque, but it is only oc-

LANDS WHERE WOMEN AND GOD ARE VEILED

casionally. And just because of Of course, the supreme reason the spiritual hopelessness of her why the face of God is veiled in life, the heart-hunger here and the the Moslem world is because they despair hereafter, joy and sweet- do not have Jesus Christ. They do ness simply disappear from a Mos- not know Him. We may try to lem woman's face. satisfy our hearts with the concep- tion of God that grows out of Of course all of this grows out deism; but our hearts will not rest of the other evil which our theme satisfied. In a splendid article, Dr. emphasizes, and that is that God's Macdonald has traced the efforts face is veiled. I can only touch of Mohammedanism to get rid of upon that, because it would carry the revelation of Christ. When he us far into Moslem theology to deal has finished tracing that movewith it in any full and detailed ment, he asks: "When the thunder way. But you know the face of of the hoofs of this warrior for the God is veiled by the garbled rec- greater glory of God have passed, ords of the Sacred Book of the Mo- what is there left for him and what hammedan. The Koran is a strange is there left for us?" And then he book. Read it. It will be good dis- answers: "Just one of two things: cipline, not mental discipline, but the Christian doctrine of the Trindiscipline in patience and perse- ity on the one hand, or pantheism verance. Here and there you will on the other hand. Because Mosee flashes that seem to be reflec- hammedanism has been unwilling tions from your own Scriptures, but so garbled that the face of God to take the revelation of God in is veiled in that Holy Word of Jesus Christ, it has gone over into pantheism, in so far as it has had Islam. any real religious character and I think the face of God is also experience."

veiled by the stern conception of But I must close in another vein. power attached to God. He is a If I have been writing about lands God of infinite power, and that power is absolutely lawless. He where woman and God are veiled, is so great that He is untouched by your prayers and your suffer- I do not want you to stop without ings. You may weep and you may realizing that in these same lands break your heart, but He will not the processes of unveiling have heed or hear. He is too great. To been going forward with marvelous say God is love is blasphemy in the Mohammedan world. rapidity. God has not left this And His face is veiled not only Moslem world without a witness to by the power attributed to Him but by the absence of morality in Him. Himself. In recent years, He has, What Allah does is right. Any- as it were, driven in the plowshare thing that He does is right. That that He might turn the hardened is why the life of Mohammed was so immoral. It was by the decree soil of Islam so that the seed of the and sanction of God that the things he did became moral. The very Gospel of Christ might find lodgefoundation for absolute morality ment and fructify. We have a is removed in the Moslem concep- wonderful story of political up- heaval, a means in the hand of God tion of God. of opening up this Moslem world. You think of that upheaval as only operating today. I wish I might take the time to disillusion you and

show you that God has never been are promoting. In the city of asleep. Cairo I witnessed what was to me Let me give you the events ill the most dramatic meeting I had the political disintegration of the ever been in, because of the way in Moslem world. Go back eighty-five which Christianity and Islam seem- years. You find Greece, until then ed to be grappling with each other.

a part of the Moslem Empire, gain- In charge of the meeting was a ing her freedom. In the same year convert from Islam, Mikhail Man- France reached over to Africa and sur. He knew the Moslem position laid hold of Algeria. The same through and through. After pre- year, Servia shook loose from Mos- senting the Gospel constructively, lem domination. Thirty-two years he said, "We will now have a de- passed, and Rumania freed herself. bate." He presented his side of Ten years more, and little Monte- the argument, having to do with negro threw down the challenge to certain verses in the Koran. Then Turkey in the Balkan war and he asked the men to stand who gained her freedom. The same might wish to take part in the de- year Bulgaria, and then Eastern bate. The moment the opportunity Rumelia and Cyprus joined those was given, there rose to his feet a that are independent of Moslem man who began to flounder about rule. Soon, Tunisia became a part in a general denunciation of Chris- of France. One year more passed, tianity. The man in the chair re- and the British mar c h e d into minded him that that was contrary Egypt. Now the movement of to the rules of the meeting, and events became accelerated. It was that he must stick to the text.

only in 1912 that Tripoli passed Presently he undertook to make an under the power of Italy. Then argument from the Koran, and Egypt became a British protector- misquoted the Koran, a heinous sin ate, and the name of the Sultan in the Moslem world. The man in was replaced in the prayers offered the chair reminded him that he was in the mosques at Cairo by the not quoting correctly. Some one in name of the Sultan of Egypt, ap- the audience set him straight. The pointed by the British Government. speaker then went on to quote an- Thus do we see Moslem political other verse, but the man in charge power disintegrating. of the meeting said, "That verse These are some of the ways in has been recaIIed." You need to which God has revealed Himself remember that certain sections of once again as a God of the living the Koran were recalled by later and as the Ruler of nations. But, revelations which Mohammed had.

of course, these processes are not For this reason certain earlier rev- as interesting to us as coworkers elations may not be used in argu- with Him as are the processes of ment, and the converted Moslem in his Gospel. We must link our- the chair pressed his advantage selves with an effort to take that over the less skillful Moslem de- to these people. bating from the floor. So the de- I close by giving you two illus- bate went on. It was a marvelous trations of how God is unveiling meeting.

His face, is unveiling the face of The other incident is from an- woman in the Mas I em world, other part of this Moslem world.

through the influences Christians It is an experience that I had in

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETIES"

Constantinople with a personality of brown hair. She spoke in a that I am sure some in America silvery voice-Turkish, French and know. Her name is Halideh English. She had written several Khanem. She is the daughter of books. What was the secret of it the treasurer of the former Sultan, all? Away back in her girlhood old Abdul-Hamid. Because of the days, she attended the American position of her father, she was Girls' College on the Bosphorus. married to a man of high rank. That was the secret of it all. He turned out to be a brute of a man, and so, as her father had I went out from there and saw died, she succeeded in releasing other veiled women. But I said to herself from him, but only by sac- myself, "Who knows what is going rificing most of her money in order on under these veils?" And I to keep the children. While Doctor thought that perhaps the day is not Sailer and I were in Constantinople far distant when the veil is going we met her. She came into the home of a missionary where we to be thrown back from the faces had been invited to meet her. She of this entire Moslem world. Then threw back the thick, black veil will be seen the face of woman and that Moslem women were then re- then will be seen the face of God. quired to wear, and we saw a won- Then will we understand how God derfully fair face, with beautiful has been working throughout all brown eyes and luxuriant tresses these years in which we thought He was idle and indifferent, instead of quietly working.

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETIES"

BY THE REV. OTIS CARY, D.D.

For Forty Years Missionary oj the A. B. C. F. M. in Japan T HE beginning of the year Gospel of the kingdom of Christ in 1800 saw the publication of those remote parts of the world"; the first number of The New and the charter of the Massachu- York Missionary Magazine and Re- setts Bay Colony declared that its pository of Religious Intelligence. chief end was "to win and incite This was· one of the signs that the natives of that country to the American Christians were being . knowledge and obedience of the aroused to the duty of giving the only true God." Gospel to those that were without The early efforts of Eliot and the it. Even from early colonial times Mayhews had been continued by they had not been unmindful of others down to the time of David this obligatiori. Among the rea- Brainerd, Jonathan Edwards, John sons that led the Pilgrim Fathers Sergeant, and their associates. to America, as stated by Governor With the gaining of independence Bradford, was "lastly (and which the thought of belonging to a new was not least) a great hope and nation quickened in the minds of inward zeal they had of laying Christians a sense of responsibility some good foundation for the for unchurched settlements and for propagating and advancing the the Indian tribes within its bor-

ders. In 1787, some citizens of organized in 1800 by Baptist and Massachusetts were asked by the Congregationalist women. Their Scottish Society for Promoting contributions were sent to The Christian Knowledge to administer Masachusetts Missionary Society funds for the benefit of the Indians. until the formation in 1802 of The Feeling ashamed that they had Massachusetts Baptist Missionary been more neglectful than for- Society, after which the money was eigners for these people, they ob- divided according to the denomina- tained from the Legislature a tional preferences of the givers.

charter for The Society for Propa- These organizations would now gating the Gospel Among the In- be reckoned as home missionary dians and Others in North Amer- societies; but many of the Indian ica. This at once began helping in tribes for whom they were work- the support of the Rev. Zechariah ing were then considered to be Mayhew on Martha's Vineyard and semi-independent nations. More- of the Rev. John Sergeant in New over the constitutions of some of Stockbridge, New York. The So- the societies expressed the hope ciety is still in existence, most of that they might extend their ef- its funds being used for the benefit forts to foreign lands.

of the Indians, but a part of them The prospectus of The New York for the "and others" of its charter, Missionary Magazine and Reposi- both white and colored. tory of Religious Intelligence an- A number of local missionary nounced that "The proceedings of societies were formed at this time, the three very respectable Mission- and it is interesting to note that ary Societies which have been they often disregarded denomina- formed in the United States, and tional lines. In Massachusetts, of such others as may hereafter be where relations between Baptists formed, will claim our first atten- and Congregationalists had not al- tion and will be fully exhibited to ways been very cordial, they some- our readers from time to time."

times united in sending out mis- What were these "very respect- sionaries of either denomination as able societies"? If age demands circumstances might determine. respect, The Society for Propagat- The first known case of this was in ing the Gospel Among the Indians 1794, when a union society in Bos- and Others in North America ton sent the Rev. David Irish, a would stand first among those Baptist minister, to the frontier formed in the United States; but settlements in New York. More apparently the prospectus had ref- formally organized societies soon erence to those of more recent arose. Some of the earliest of orlgm. One of them must have these were The New York Mission- been The New York Missionary ary Society (1796), The Northern Society. The initial number of the Missionary Society (1797), The magazine gives us "An Account of Berkshire and Columbia Mission- the Institution, Progress, and Pres- ary Society (1797), The Mission- ent State" of this organization, ary Society of Connecticut (1798), which tells us that, in the autumn The Massachusetts Missionary So- of 1796, a number of ministers in ciety (1799), and The Boston the City of New York, learning of Female Society for Missionary the exertions being made in Great Purposes. The last of these was Britain "to spread the knowledge

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETIES"

of the Gospel among the heathen, that, when a few Indians became became impressed with the duty of Christians, "they are to be publicly making a similar attempt in Amer- initiated into the Church by bap- ica." The interest of a number of tism, and afterwards their chil- their clerical brethren of the vicin- dren."

ity and of some of the laity having December 11, 1797, the Directors been won to the plan, a meeting sent to the "judicatories of the sev- was held on the first day of Novem- eral churches connected with the ber and a Society was formed "for Society" a proposition that "the sending the Gospel to the frontier second Wednesday of every month, settlements and among the Indian beginning at candle light, be ob- tribes in the United States." A served" by meetings for prayer in number of leaves of foolscap paper, behalf of missions, these meetings loosely stitched together, are still to be held in succession at the Old in existence, giving the original Presbyterian Church, the Scots'

constitution of the Society and the Presbyterian Church, the New signatures of persons that joined it Dutch Church, the First Baptist in its early years. Two bound Church, the Brick Presbyterian volumes of ledger size record the Church, the North Dutch Church, meetings of .the Directors, begin- and then to revert to the place of ning with that of November 2, beginning.

1796. In their first annual report, the The Directors early appointed a Directors said that, in addition to committee to obtain missionaries. providing for the support of Mr.

Advertisements for suitable per- Bullen, they had contributed $100 sons at first failed to attract any, for the work of the Rev. John Ser- but after a while it was learned geant among the Stockbridge In- that the Rev. Joseph Bullen, of dians, and $60 for Paul, a preacher Vermont, was willing to receive among the Indians of Long Island.

appointment, whereupon the Di- As time passed, missionaries rectors voted to employ him at an were sent to several other Indian annual salary of $350 and to de- tribes. The annual report in 1813 fray his expenses for travel to the showed that the question had Chickasaw Indians in Georgia. A arisen whether the Society should form of instructions was prepared confine its efforts to the Indians.

to be given to him and future ap- The chief doubt was regarding pointees. One exhortation would work for white settlers. But the hardly be thought necessary for Board had not failed to notice that missionaries of the present day: five young men in New England "By denying yourselves to strong had lately gone to carry the Gospel liquors you may save yourselves to foreign lands, and "it cannot both trouble and blame. It is well help entertaining doubts respect- known how fond the Indians are of ing the wisdom of sending mis- rum, and how pernicious it is to sionaries to so distant a part of the them. Should they see you in- globe while so many parts of our dulging in the use, it will whet own country are suffering a famine their desires and they will plead of the Word of life"; yet it "con- your example." As the Society was templates such an instance of pious partly composed of Baptists, it is zeal with respect and admiration, interesting to note the direction and earnestly prays that a large 3

measure of the same spirit may be and made an arrangement by directed to our own destitute fron- which they conveyed to the Sotiers." A committee reported that ciety four hundred acres of land it found nothing in the constitution for the support of a missionary or proceedings of the Society mak- amDng them. ing it necessary to confine its labors to the Indians, and added: "It The Northern Missionary Soappears absurd and inconsistent to ciety came to an end as a separate display zeal in promoting mission- organization in 1818, when its ary exertions in a distant country funds and missiDns were transwhile the untutored heathen of our ferred to The United Foreign Misown borders are neglected." sionary Society. Two years later The New York Missionary Society The records of the Directors did the same thing. The new So- CDme to a sudden close with the en- ciety was organized in New York, try for June 12, 1820, without giv- July 28,1817. It had a wider outing the vote by which it was de- look than its predecessors, its concided to merge the Society with stitution declaring that "The ob- The United Foreign Missionary ject of the Society shall be to Society. spread the Gospel among the In- dians of North America, the in- Since the second number of The habitants of Mexico and South New York Missionary Magazine America, and in other portions of and Repository of Religious Intel- the heathen and anti-Christian ligence gives "A Short History of world." In its plea for support, it the Formation and Progress of The took a more charitable view of non- N Drthern Missionary Society in Christian faiths than some have the State of New York," it is prob- supposed to have been held at that time. It says: "It is not for us to able that this is the second of the limit the operations of the divine "respectable societies." At least, Spirit and pronounce that none are we are assured by this article that saved withDut the Gospel; but it was "a respectable number" of from the concurrent voice of Revministers and private Christians elation and modern travelers, we that met January 11,1797, at Lans- are compelled to believe the mass ingburgh, for its organization. Its of the heathen live and die grossly constitution, which was adopted at wicked." a later meeting in Albany, declared that "The principal object of the A subject that had been for Society shall be to propagate the some time discussed by this So- Gospel among the Indian tribes ciety was settled July 3,1826, when and in those frontier places of our it vDted: "That the missiDnary country which are destitute of its stations, papers, books, and propordinances and are not organized erty Df The United Foreign Misinto Christian societies." sionary Society be forthwith trans- ferred to The American Board of The Society was made up of sev- Commissioners for Foreign Miseral "departments" according to sions." the localities where its members lived. Probably most of the work One may well hesitate before dedone was in New York State. In ciding which was the third of the March, 1798, chiefs and warriors "Very Respectable Missionary Soof the Oneida Tribe met with the cieties" that the magazine had in department centering in Albany

SOME "VERY RESPECTABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETIES"

mind; for to do so might imply The Massachusetts Missionary doubt about the respectability of Society was organized May 28, others then in existence. The con- 1879, ami so perhaps had not fully tiguity of Southern Connecticut to established a reputation for re- New York, and the fact that the spectability when the New York second and later numbers of the magazine was preparing its pro- magazine give information about spectus. In 1804, its constitution, The Missionary Society of Con- which had formerly been similar to necticut (though others are soon others of that time, was amended noticed) make it probable that this so that the Society's object was de- has the strongest claim for the clared to be "to diffuse the Gospel honor. In June, 1798, The General among the people of the newly-set- Association of Connecticut, which tled and remote parts of our coun- in 1792 had obtained from the try, among the Indians of the coun- Legislature permission to take an- try, and through more distant nual contributions for the support regions of the earth as circum- of missions in new settlements, or- stances shall invite and the ability ganized a Society whose object was of the Society shall admit." The "to Christianize the heathen in magazine that it soon began to pub- North America and to support and lish under the name of The Mis- promote Christian knowledge in sionary Magazine became ere long the new settlements within the The Missionary Herald, the organ United States." In 1800, it had of The American Board of Com- four missionaries in Vermont, missioners for Foreign Missions, New York, and Pennsylvania. with which the Society itself was Two or three more were expected closely associated; though as the soon to increase the number, and distinction between foreign and one was to be sent to the Connecti- domestic missions became more cut Western Reserve. marked, it changed its name to The Berkshire and Columbia The Massachusetts Home Mission- Missionary Society showed by its ary Society.

name that its members lived in The societies that have been de- two adjoining counties of Massa- scribed were the forerunners of chusetts and New York. In 1813, others that were organized in the it had eleven missionaries working early part of the nineteenth cen- in Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode tury. In 1805, The Presbyterian Island, New York, and Pennsyl- Assembly's Missionary Magazine vania. The salary received by said that "more than fifty different each was seven dollars a week. In societies for the last several years 1812, the Society voted "that they have been actively engaged in pro- would cheerfully aid in the promo- mulgating the doctrines of Chris- tion of foreign missions," and di- tianity." Probably most of these rected that a part of their funds were auxiliaries of the leading na- should be devoted to that purpose. tional societies.

CHURCH UNION IN THE PHILIPPINES A significant event of last year was the organization of the United Evangelical Church of the Philippines, merging the Presbyterian, Congregational, and the United Brethren Churches, and the United Church of Manila. It unites a large portion of the churches from north of Manila south to Mindanao. The Moderator of the First General Assembly is the Rev. E. C. Sobrepena.

VASQUEZ, A QUICHE

BY REV. PAUL BURGESS, D.D., Quezaltenango, Guatemala / BOUT twelve years ago An- Antonio told the missionary about fi. tonio Alvarada, one of the this new soul that was seeking the Indian Christians from Santa Saviour and a visit was arranged.

Maria, was persecuted by Roman Marcelino was interested but his Catholic opponents who accused fear of criticism from his people him of stealing chickens to feed was so strong, however, he did not the missionary when the latter wish to receive the missionary in came to visit him. Though the ac- his house in Palmar and arranged cusation was false it accomplished for him to come to his little coffee the purpose of its framers by driv- farm where nobody but the meming Antonio out of town. He was bers of his immediate family would arrested and sent to work on the know. A servant conducted the road ten miles down the line. missionary by round-about by- paths to the house in the country, The guards in charge of tliese where a simple service was held prisoners were from Palmar. An- tonio counted it joy to suffer for and the way of salvation was exhis Lord and when his frugal plained. The missionary was well prisoner's meal was set before treated and invited to return, him, he never failed to bow his which he did two months later. head and give God thanks. This On the third visit the Spirit of simple act impressed Marcelino God seemed manifestly present.

Vasquez, one of his guards, so The Scripture read was from Mark much that he asked Antonio what and tells about the healing of the that act meant. He was told of the paralytic who was let down through great God, who is ever present and the roof. The vivid imagery of the ever solicitous for the good of his scene burned itself on the Indian children; of His love for lost men mind and when, after hearing and the coming of His Son to re- about the trouble of bringing the deem them; of the good Book that sick man before the Lord, the misbrings us the story and of the mes- sionary pointed out that the first sengers who have come to bring words of the Saviour were not to this good news to the Indians. cure the body but to forgive sins, Marcelino had been uneasy about the eyes of the little group opened the witch-doctor practices and wide in astonishment. We went on some weeks before had had a very to tell them that after all the soul impressive dream in which he had was more important than the body. been told to seek a new and better If the sick man should recover the way no matter what the cost. Thus use of his body to steal, to commit the seed fell into soil well prepared. adultery or to debauch himself by When Antonio had served his drink, he was really better off on .sentence, he went to visit Marcelino his sick bed where he could do none in his home and then for the first of these things. We explained time the latter heard the songs of how the Jews were shocked be- Zion. Their sweetness touched his cause Jesus said that He forgave heart and brought tears to his eyes. sins. Then the full powers of the 116 Saviour were pointed out and the swered, "Why, told the whole town forgiveness of sins and the gift of that I belong to Jesus!"

new life by the simple acceptance "Come in and tell me about it,"

of Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. A I said, hoping to atone for my lack great light burst over Marcelino's of intuition.

face and he said, "I have been lis- tening to the Gospel for several months and it has spoken to my soul, but I never understood it.

Now I see it all and I accept Jesus Christ as my own Saviour because He died for me."

After the meeting as we sat around the hearth fire, Marcelino suddenly turned to me to say, "Now I belong to Jesus, what does He want me to do next?"

"Well, Marcelino," I said, "the Bible tells us that Jesus once said, 'He that confesseth me before men, him will I confess before my Fa- ther who is in Heaven.' He wants us to tell others that we are His.

I think that will be your next step."

His face fell at that word, for it was a hard thing for him to do. It meant the losing of caste, the breaking of old ties and friend- ships, and great uncertainty for the future. He confessed his fears and my heart sank as I saw what he had to face. Next morning I left with a fear, almost a convic- DON MARCELINO AND HIS WIFE AND tion, that another had looked upon TWO ADOPTED CHILDREN the glories of the Promised Land but had not faith and courage to Since this article was written a volcanic enter. eruption cuused an appalling catastrophe, de- stroying much property and the lives of about Two weeks later, when other 1,000 people. A letter from the Rev. Linn P. work had almost crowded Mar- Sullenberger, of the Presbyterian Mission, iucelino out of my thoughts, I heard clmes the following account of this disastrous a knock at the door of my Quezal- event: tenango home. When I opened the door, I saw Marcelino. He did not "The eruption took placp. in the middle of so much as say "Good afternoon," the night. The flow of In va, hot sand and but blurted out, "Don Pablo, I've rock, took the people by surprise while they done it! I've done it!" were in their huts. No particular damage was done tu the town where only a few inches of "And what have you done then, ash fell, but hundreds lost theIr l1ves on the my good Marcelino?" I asked. I small farms to the west of the town; 39 of can still see the look of disgust at my lack of understanding as he an- troen c~ra~~~Yfnt~?sn I~~~iS~~~e c~~:r:de~if~n>f~'()~~ three to four yards' d epth of sand and burn ed rock. Seven, who were tnking care of the place, died there, one of them the little grand- daughter who had been given to the Lord in the hope that she might become a teacher or Dluse. Marcelino and his wife had gone to the village to hold the Saturday evening service in the absence of the worker. otherwise tbey too would have perished. Hie brother and famlh were almost miraculously saved but their proll. erty has been lost. A singular thing ls that there are no widows and orphans. Whole families were taken. Don Mal"ceJino lost every- thing but his house in town."-EDITOB.

The story came bubbling out. He "Here is my answer to prayer,"

had been in the garrison of the he exclaimed. "God wants me to town with some other soldiers who marry the one who shares my faith began to talk against the Gospel and my hope."

and to say that Protestants sacri- This he did, providing a house ficed and ate little children in their and land sufficient for the needs of services and perpetrated other in- the other woman, and telling her iquities. that henceforth she was to him "As I listened," he said, "some- nothing more than a sinner for thing seemed to be boiling inside whom he would never cease to of me and after a while I burst out pray. (She was converted ten indignantly, 'That's a lie. I know years later.) it is not so.' " Marcelino was nearly fifty years One of the soldiers looked at him of age when he was converted but a little maliciously and said, "How he had never learned to read. As do you know it isn't so? Are you we say in Spanish he did not know one of them?" the 0 because it was round, but he "Yes, I am," came the answer in was determined to learn how to no uncertain tone of voice. The read God's Word. He took lessoDE?

die was cast, and in the joy of his from another Indian who knew, newly-made confession he walked but in spite of all his effort the thirty miles up the mountain to little marks just swam around 'and share his happiness with the mis- he could make neither head nor tail sionary. We knelt and prayed that to them. Dr. Haymaker came to the Lord would lead him on and visit him as he was in the midst of would bless his testimony. From these struggles and seeing what then on prayer became the vital was the trouble, tested his eyes and life of Marcelino; gave him some glasses. With The next step for Marcelino was these he learned in an amazingly the straightening out of his family short time so that today he can affairs. Like most of the more read easily and smoothly.

prosperous Indians he was a po- Marcelino's vices and his super- lygamist with two wives though stitions had caused him to mort- not legally married to either of gage his little property up to them. We explained that it was capacity and so his next step was the will of God that a man should to payoff that mortgage. This· not have more than one wife and was a hard struggle and took him that the bond should be sanctioned three years, but when it was ac- by the law. He was in a quandary, complished he came to me and said: for both of his wives were faithful· "Don Pablo, the Lord has been very and both were beloved. He took good to me. First He gave me my the matter to God in prayer, and salvation, then He enabled me to meanwhile treated both wives straighten out my life and to learn alike. He talked to them day and how to read His Word and now He night of Christ and the Gospel and has enabled me to payoff my mort- in the course of a few months he gage. I am a free man at last and noted that the more he talked the now I want to consecrate my gOOdR nearer one of them came to evan- and myself to His service. I sug- gelical faith and the less interested gested that a house of prayer for the other one was. the congregation which was form-

MARCELINO VASQUEZ, A QUICHE INDIAN

ing about him might be in order ordered Marcelino to buy his wife and he took up the idea enthusias- a new outfit. This he obediently tically. A lot was secured on the did to the satisfaction of his wife, Central Plaza, plans were drawn but when she was all togged up and then Marcelino started to raise she looked at him and said, "You the necessary money. He had some must have some new clothes.

help from the other believers and There's no fun in my having all from a sympathetic German plan- these nice things if my husband is tation owner or two, but he car- going to dress like a tramp." "But ried most of the burden himself. I want to give my part to the Lord.

He insisted that God's house must His work must come first," insisted be the best house in town and set Marcelino. He made the matter a out to make it so. The coffee crop subject of prayer and finally his is the mainstay of life in this sec- wife was won over to cooperate tion, but banana trees are planted wholeheartedly with him in his between the coffee trees to shade sacrificial giving.

them and since Palmar is on the In the meantime, Marcelino's border of the highlands there is a spiritual work had been going on ready sale for the bananas though constantly. If any Indians would the price is'very low (about two listen sympathetically to the preach- cents a dozen). Marcelino discov- ing of the Gospel, he was on their ered that he could live on the ba- trail immediately. He gives more nanas and what he received from time to the work of the Lord in their sale though this barely cov- evangelizing, visiting the sick and ered the most urgent needs of him- lifting up the fallen than he does self and his family. He made a to supporting himself. The result pledge that his coffee crop should has been that over a hundred have be the Lord's and should go toward been received into church member- building the church. Five coffee ship in the Palmar congregation crops went into the church which and three other flourishing congre- was as many years in the building, gations have been started as the but which is a veritable jewel fruit of his direct efforts. He has among the Protestant chapels of never received a cent of salary western Guatemala. from the Mission or from any His wife did not appreciate his other source except his little plan- giving all his money to the Church tation.

and complained that it had been When the church building was several years since she had had a finished and the number of· be- new dress. He had read in the lievers increased greatly the con- Bible that wives should be subject gregation felt the need of a preach- to their husbands and insisted that er, the Palmar Church was organ- it was better to give to the Lord, ized on a self-supporting basis and than to provide for our own needs. a young man, who had been won The Palmar congregation was by Marcelino as one of his first under the care of the Cantel Church converts and had prepared himself at this time and so Mrs. Marcelino diligently, was called to assist Mar- took the matter before the Session celino.

of that Church. A committee of Next a school for the children of Indian elders was named to look believers enlisted Marcelino's en- into the matter and as a result they thusiasm. He put two coffee crops

into a suitable building, when the ful. The Palmar authorities were story of his efforts brought a spon- changed and the school granted. taneous and generous gift from a It began with thirty Indian chil- dren and is now in its second year. friend in the United States which It is taught by a graduate of Miss enabled the school to be finished Morrison's Normal School and has sooner than could have been done brought with it some new probotherwise. All this energy and lems and adjustments for Marblessing had been arousing the celino; he is facing the situation enemies of the Gospel and when manfully and paying half of the the petition for a school came be- teacher's salary out of his coffee fore the authorities of the town crop. they called the people together, made it appear that by the school Meanwhile Marcelino still goes Marcelino was seeking to convert barefooted, still dresses in the all their children and that they simple homespun cotton which the would be forced to pay for the coast Indians use. teacher and other expenses. The pent-up fury broke out and the au- Such is Marcelino Vasquez to- day, a man who believes the Gospel thorities declared in open session with all his heart, who seeks first that the man who killed that pesti- the Kingdom of God, a mighty ferous Marcelino would be a public man of prayer, a man of balanced benefactor. This brought three at- judgment in the meetings of Prestempts on his life in as many bytery where he never fails to be weeks. We moved every lever present, a man eminently sane in known to us to get the machinery his approach to all the problems of of higher Government circles to life, but a great man of faith. work to bring the local authorities Surely one such convert is a justito time. In this we were success- fication of Foreign Missions.

TRIBUTE TO DR. CHARLES FORMAN T HE Rev. Dr. James J. Lucas, and careful preparation. He usually of Allahabad, has written a carried a small notebook in which he tender tribute to his former had jotted down the outlines of these colleague, Dr. Forman, who after talks. I had hoped to get some of them published for the help of bazaar more than forty years of devoted and village preachers, and it may be service in India, retired five years that someone, perhaps his son, a beago and died July 13, 1929. Dr. loved medical missionary, will yet edit Lucas writes: them. Often I heard him preach in Hindu- During later years in Kasur, Dr. stani to little groups of humble people, sometimes Christians, more often Forman gathered groups of converts Hindus and Moslems. He had the scattered in the numerous villages of rare gift of putting the deep things the Kasur field and he ministered to concerning God, sin, suffering and re- them as the beloved physician and demption in simple, every-day words, good shepherd. Those village Chrisand so clearly that mind and heart tians looked up to him with trust and were reached. While these addresses reverence born of his loving service to humble folk would be called talks, in their times of sickness and sorrow they were the fruit of long meditation and persecution. His coming often meant healing of mind and"body.

PROBLEMS DISCUSSED BY EX-

ECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL BY DR. CHARLES STELZLE H OW the Protestant churches through by one group rather than of America may appropri- by another. The Federal Council ately observe the 1900th An- is not now concerned about formuniversary of the inauguration of lating direct schemes for church Christianity; the possibilities of union. Among the constituent bodbringing together the churches of ies of the Council are many whose the world on the basis of their prac- theories and church government tical work rather than upon agree- policies do not lend themselves ment in their doctrinal beliefs; the readily to the idea of organic kind of a program of education union. The Council is aiming, how- which the present situation regard- ever, to bring the churches to- ing prohibition calls for; how to gether on such a basis of church promote a better understanding be- cooperation that a deeper and finer tween Jews and Christians – these spirit of church unity may be con- were some of the score or more out- sequently developed. The aim of standing questions discussed by the the Council is to generate an at- Executive Committee of the Fed- mosphere of mutual confidence and eral Council of the Churches of respect."

Christ in America, consisting of The Federal Council officially 150 national religious leaders, which represents twenty-seven Protestant met in Chicago the first week of De- denominations having a member- cember. The meeting was also ship of 22 millions. The Council made the occasion of a public cele- itself consists of approximately bration of the twenty-first anni- 400 members, appointed by the of- versary of the organization of the ficial religious bodies which they Federal Council, Bishop Francis J. represent. This group meets quad- McConnell, President, making the rennially, but the Executive Com- address. Bishop McConnell said in mittee, whose members are also part: appointed by the denominational "We are coming to recognize bodies, meets annually, and is more and more that the churches made up of two representatives are not fighting among themselves. from each of the constituent or- Each denomination is an inheritor ganizations and one additional rep- of certain ecclesiastical legacies resentative for every 500,000 of its from the past. That means that all communicants.

denominations alike have to deal The Council has permanently at with situations which they have work ten commissions which deal not themselves created. The dif- with specialized phases of Chris- ferences between denominations tian service, each of which has its today are not those of doctrine but experts and executives. These com- temperamental differences, and the missions reported at the Chicago preference for carrying a policy meeting of the Executive Commit- 121

tee, their reports being comprised information and judgment, both to in a rather formidable printed vol- the public and to Congress." In ume of several hundred pages. reply to the charge that the Fed- eral Council expends "enormous Related to the Federal Council amounts of money," Dr. Macfar. also are several important affiliated land said that the total budget of and consulting bodies, such as the the Washington office is $11,000 of American Bible Society, the Na- which three-fourths are expended tional Council of Young Men's in helping the Army and Navy in Christian Associations, the Na- the work of chaplains and disabled tional Board of Young Women's veterans, and that the Washington Christian Associations, the United Secretary of the Council receives Stewardship Council of the United from the Council a salary of only States and Canada, the Foreign $1,500. Missions Conference of North America, the Student Volunteer Move- The Executive Committee apment, the Home Missions Council, proved the formation of a new and the Council of Women for Commission on motion pictures, Home Missions. There are also "for the purpose of coordinating special committees, among them the General Committee on Army the interests and activities of the and Navy Chaplains, the Religious various organizations in their re- Press, and Financial and Fiduci- lation to motion pictures; to furary Matters. The Federal Council ther or provide for a thorough has recently been charged with study of the relations of the motion lobbying at Washington, and be- pictures to the public welfare; to cause of misstatements made in assist churches at home and abroad this connection the Executive Com- to secure suitable motion pictures mittee authorized the following for their own program, and to maintain a general information statement: service and a representation of the "The Federal Council of the various peoples through motion pictures at home and abroad; to Churches of Christ in America and seek to eliminate misrepresentaits constituent denominations have tions; to secure the cooperation of the best of the life of the various from time to time expressed judg· countries, and to further the use of films to. strengthen international ments on what they believe to be understanding and good will." the principles of Christian religion in its application to issues involv- The Commission on Internaing moral and spiritual ideals and tional Justice and Good Will preaffecting social conditions and the sented a message to be sent to the welfare of humanity. The Federal churches concerning the Paris Council has carefully refrained Peace Pact which included the folfrom maintaining at Washington, lowing: "The Peace Pact of Paris, or elsewhere, any lobbyist or legis- proclaimed by President Hoover on lative representative, and from July 24, 1929, as binding on all using any form of political or personal pressure or partisan align- participating nations, is in truth a world covenant of world peace. ment, and has relied wholly on the If the people take ~t in earnest and moral power of its statements to require their statesmen to shape influence public opinion. We deem national policies in the light and it OUr duty in shaping a sound public opinion to make known such

CONFERENCE OF THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES

spirit of the Pact, it will usher in question of marriage and divorce a new era. War will be no more, and all preparations for war should with its concomitant issues of sex soon cease. Hitherto, nations have education and the limitation of offdepended largely on their fighting spring, the whole problem of relipower for existence, for rights, for gious healing in which there is just prestige and for influence. Arma- now an enormous revival of interments have been fundamental in in- est-all these are questions which ternational relations and in nation- raise fundamental issues of fact, al policies. Hereafter, the rights of and we must confess that appalnations will be based on mutual ling slight provision has been made treaties and agreements and on in- among the religious agencies international law, and a nation's terested in these questions for a prestige will depend on its achieve- faithful, unbiased exploration of ments in social justice and prog- facts and a correspondingly fair ress, on its practice of the essen- and candid treatment of the retials of civilization, on the attain- sults. Even in the handling of rement by its citizens of noble liv- ligious statistics we often give the ing." impression of being crude and not too candid. In this day of ever in- Dr. F. Ernest Johnson, Secretary creasing scientific research, in busiof the Committee on Research and ness, industry, law and education, Education discussing the Crucial nothing would go farther to Problems in a Church Program of strengthen the hand of organized Research, said: religion than to carry conviction to the public mind that we can be as "The prohibition issue, the prob- loyal to truth as secular scientists." lem of motion picture control, the CONFERENCE OF THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES BY A. L. WARNSHUIS AND SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT SINCE the Jerusalem meeting no means confined to the lands hith- the forces of the International erto call e d non-Christian. The Missionary Council have been greatest enemy of the Christian deeply concerned with the chal- faith is the prevalent secularism lenging situation which secularism and materialism of our time. A presents to the Christian Church. Chinese teacher, speakin~ of the No result of the Jerusalem meeting situation in non-Christian lands, was clearer than its revelation of said, "Christianity must ignore the the world-wide spiritual unity in incapacitated older religions and Christ which transcends differences think of its frontier work in terms of race, nation, language, theolo- of what it will have to do with gy, creed, and ecclesiastical polity. these new forces-scientific agnos- Equally clear was the emergence of ticism, materialistic determinism, the fact that a considerable por- political fascism, and moral iconotion of mankind today is willing to clasm." ignore or to oppose Jesus Christ, and that folk of this sort are by One result of the Jerusalem meeting has been the calling, by the

Archbishop of York, of a Confer- Ames, of the University of Chi- ence on the Preparation of the cago, presented the point of view Ministry, which convened at York of humanism and met a sharp re- in April, 1929. The Conference joinder from Professor Archibald brought together 48 theologians T. Robertson, of the Southern Bap- from all parts of Britain and from tist Theological Seminary at Louis- 12 denominations. Mr. J. H. Old- ville. Close on the heels of this ham, in a stirring address* before discussion came a paper by Profes- the Williamstown meeting, in July, sor Henry N. Wieman, of the Di- virtually summarized the thinking vinity School of the University of of this group in reference to the Chicago, who urged religious lead- world situation of today. His ad- ers to hold their points of view dress made a profound impression. more tentatively, after the fashion After discussion with the officers of the scientists, a position which of the International Missionary also met with no little challenge.

Council, the Executive Committee When the first day ended with a of the Conference of Theological presentation of present ethical and Seminaries and Colleges in the social problems by Bishop Francis United States and Canada decided J. McConnell and Professor Rein- to call a similar meeting. Plans hold N i e b u h r, one wondered were therefore made for a meeting whether it would ever be possible of the representatives of the facul- to discover any unity whatever ties of theological seminaries to within the group.

discuss the general problem of the When, however, on the second theological curriculum in the light day, Dr. John R. Mott gave a of this present world situation. masterful review of the present The meeting was held at Drew The- world situation, as he had found it ological Seminary, Madison, New especially in the countries of Asia Jersey, November 29 to December on his recent trip around the 1, and its enrollment of over 100 world, and outlined the opportunity members included many of the out- of the churches in the face of such standing theological teachers of a situation, a remarkable change this country. The conference was of atmosphere took place. It was held under the chairmanship of discovered that beneath such differ- Dean Luther A. Weigle, of the Yale ences as had appeared on the first Divinity School, chairman of the day there was a deep underlying Association of Theological Profes- spiritual unity and a common pur- sors. Cooperating in the arrange- pose to bring all of life under the ments was the International Mis- control of Christ. As a result, the sionary Council. ensuing discussions on the kind of The personnel ranged all the way an apologetic needed for today and from the most conservative to those on changes in the theological cur- who are generally regarded as rep- riculum which would make the resenting the more radical point of seminaries more effective agents in view. The very first hour of the fulfilling the world mission of the first session revealed a wide chasm, Church moved forward with in- when Professor Edward Scribner creasing momentum and much >I< Oldham, .T. II., 'J'lIe Nf:W Christian Adcen~ practical stimulus. ture. Interuatiollal Missionary Council, New York City. Price, 10 cents per copy, $3.00 per The conference was unique in hundred. having no findings. Bouks 011 China are numerous and The Quest for Go,! iu Chilla. F. W. S. new ones are frequently appearing. O'Neill. $2.50. A fair-sized library would be required to hold them all. As February is the China's Challenge to Christianity. L. C. month in which China is especially Porter. 75c; paper, 50c. studied in the home churches, we asked Miss Hollis W. Herring, of the China Her Own Interpreter: Chapters by Missionary Research Library, New a group of Chinese Christians. M. T. York, to list a few of the best avail- Stauffer, editor. 75c. able books. She has submitted the following, any of which may be ob- Chinese Culture and Christianity. J . L. tained through the Purchasing De- Stewart. $2.50. partment of the REVIEW: Farm and Factory in China: Aspects of Humanity and Labour in China. A. An- the Industrial Revolution. J. B. Tay- derson. $4.20. lor. $1.

China: An Interpretation. Bishop J . China Awakened. M. T. Z. Tyau. $5. Bashford. $4. China Yesterday and Today. E. T. Wil- China Christian Year Book.. $2. liams. $3.75.

Old Buddha. , Princess Der Ling. $3.50. A CORRECTION China in the Family of Nations. H. T. We deeply regret that the picture of Hodgkin. $3. the church on page 19 of the January China and Her Political Entity. HSll number of the REVIEW, in connection with the excellent article of the Rev. Shushi. $2. Dr. Joseph C. Robbins, Secretary of Western Civilization and the Far East. the American Baptist Foreign Mis- sionary Society, was wrongly labeled S. King-Hall. $5. "Judson College, Burma," when, as a History of Christian Missions in China. matter of fact, it was a picture of the Judson Memorial Church in Mandalay. K. S. Latourette. $5. The picture now given is one of the China, a Nation in Evolution. Paul Mon- buildings of the fine new plant.

roe. $3.50.

"WILLINGTON HALL" JUDSON COLLEGE. BURMA 126

·OPICS Of THE

China Famine Relief Committee laid the matter before him. He at once conferred with the Red The Christian people of America Cross Society which thereupon sent a were deeply moved when reports ar- deputation to China last spring. This rived of appalling famine conditions deputation spent two and a half in China. The Committee of Reference months in the field (June 15-August and Counsel, representing the Boards 30) and September 27 presented its of Foreign Missions of the United report to the Central Committee of States and Canada, and the Committee the Red Cross which, at its following on Mercy and Relief of the Federal meeting, adopted a statement which Council of the Churches of Christ in was given wide publicity in the news- America, presented the matter to the papers and which included the follow- Red Cross Society in Washington, ing conclusions: with the hope that the Society would take appropriate action as the agency That the destitution which prevails in the famine areas is the cumulative re- through which Americans are accus- suIt of the chronic conditions of dis- tomed to act in cases of calamity. The order, the crushing exactions of the war Society, however, did not see its way lords, the depredations of bandits, the clear to make favorable response. The enforced payment of confiscatory taxa- Committee of Reference and Counsel tion, and the crippling and consequent and the Federal Council's Committee ibneayboinldity a.of frtahcetiornailroofadsthetoir funnocrtmioanl on Mercy and Relief, feeling that the capacity-to these was added a severe situation was so desperate that some- drought which brought the whole to a thing must be done, set up a Famine traTghicatcltihmesaex;conditions do not present a Relief Committee, under the chairman- situation which can adequately be dealt ship of the Rev. Dr. S. Parkes Cad- with by a foreign emergency relief man, then President of the Federal agency; hence do not warrant an ap- Council. Most of his associates on the peal by the Red Cross to the generosity comm.ittee m e mb e r s f th e Coun- of TthheatACmheinriecsaenlepaedoeprles; would no doubt were 0 cil and secretaries of mission boards; give more thought to the removal of the the others being individuals selected causes which impoverish their people for their special knowledge of condi- and bring on such tragedies if they tions in China. A nation-wide appeal 'realized the necessity of assuming full responsibility for resulting relief was made and the gifts received en- needs; any acceptance of that responsi- abled the committee to send nearly a bility by foreign agencies cannot but million dollars to China. retard this all important result; It became evident ere long that the That the American Red Cross is con- attitude of the Red Cross was not tvrianlcegdovoenrlnymaenwt cisaen, csotrmomnga,ndsttahbelep, ocwenerneutral but distinctly unsympathetic. and resources and continuity of policy It did not publicly criticize the appeal necessary to lead China out of her con- for relief, but it 'notified its agents dition of disorder into a new era of ·t peace, security and prosperity; and is t h r o u gh o ut the count ry that was further convinced that disastrous condi- I not cooperating, and as people in local tions leading to continued suffering will communities naturally inquired of the constantly recur until such a. govern- local representatives of the Red Cross, ment comes into being.

its attitude soon became known. Sympathizing deeply as we do with the efforts of patriotic Chinese to bring Shortly after the inauguration of about these happy conditions we never- President Hoover, the China Famine theless believe that China' should be 126 permitted to work out her own salva- A statement issued November 6 by tion, and that to extend relief to her in the International Famine Relief Comthe. absence of conditions plainly due mission in Peking concurs in some of to an act of God-natural causes-but the considerations in the report of retards her ultimate recovery.

A further disquieting fact is that the American Red Cross but appeals the attitude of many foreigners in to the American People to give famine China, and of some Americans in pub- relief funds, "because thousands of lic life in this country, is less sympa- lives can be saved; and because those thetic with the Chinese than it was a starving are human beings and are few years ago. Many, both at home victims of natural and human circumand abroad have apparently lost all stances over which they have had no patience with the Chinese, and are contro!." The statement declares that disposed to think that, as long as the the total loss due to disturbed con- Chinese continue fighting among ditions during this famine is less than themselves, robbing and maltreating four hundred dollars, in a total of retheir own people, destroying their lief supplies and money handled by homes and seizing their seed and farm our organization of over a million dolimplements, nothing can wisely be lars. This experience shows that redone until they settle down to more lief is ppssible in spite of the disrupnormal conditions. tion of communications.

The Famine Relief Committee holds While a part of the famine area had that the just condemnation of un- rains, drought and floods will conscrupulous war lords is not a reason tinue famine conditions until at least why noncombatant villagers and peas- next June in the northwest over an ants should be abandoned to death; area of 450 miles square with a poputhat the sufferings on the Continent lation of 30,000,000 people, the severof Europe during and following the ity of which is increased by protrac- World War were caused by war con- tion and winter …… The Commission ditions, but that these did not prevent agrees that a stable Chinese governthe American people from doing what ment is needed to deal adequately with they could to relieve them; that while the famine problem, but it does not it is true that relief cannot be help- believe that the absence of such a fully administered in the war zones government is adequate ground for and in some isolated regions that are the suspension of nongovernmental redifficult of access, there are millions lief efforts in China any more than in of famine stricken Chinese in regions the suspension of relief undertakings that can be reached now; that winter in the United States where there is a is intensifying the sufferings of an stable government. impoverished people; that the China Famine Relief Committee has ade- The Commission believes that need quate facilities for prudently and ef- and practicability should determine a relief program and not political con- ficiently administering relief to these ditions, especially when the destitute people themselves are not responsible accessible millions through the Inter- for the political disturbances. This national Famine Relief Commission in was the attitude of the American peo- China, the Salvation Army, and the ple and the American Government in missionaries of various boards; that relieving the Near East and Russia. whatever may be the causes of the famine, humane people in America The Commission recognizes that the should deal with the existing situa- American Red Cross is perhaps not tion; and that it is heartless to leave justified in assisting now because of myriads of innocent and helpless wom- special conditions of that organization, en and children, as well as men, to a but it feels there is justified an appeal lingering death while "China should to the American people for money for be permitted to work out her own sal- relief in China in view of the extreme vation." seriousness of the situation. Since

natural causes have played a vital part of greater difficulty. The revolution- in creating the need, it believes that ary forces which operated upon the white peoples one at a time are ollerthe political misdeeds of those who ating simultaneously upon China. In Europe, the intellectual revival began have been in power should not be the in the thirteenth century, the religious reformation in the fifteenth century, cause of withholding relief from hu- the political revolution and the rise of democracy in the eighteenth century, man beings who need it. and the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century. Now the tremen- After careful and prolonged con- dously significant fact is that all these revolutionary forces have been opersideration, the Famine Relief Com- ating at once upon the vast population mittee in November decided to reduce of China. Thus five revolutions are impinging at one time upon those its staff to the lowest possible point swarming masses, anyone of which is in itself sufficient to upset a civiland to suspend, for the present, its ization. Vast social, intellectual, reli- gious, political, and industrial upheavactive appeals for relief funds until it als, which the western world met over a period of 600 years, are being let is clear what the situation during the loose on China in the space of one generation. coming winter and spring will be. It operated until December in coopera- tion with the Golden Rule Foundation which is one of the agencies which have followed the dissolution of the Near East Relief and which had voted in its appeal on Golden Rule Sunday, December 8th, to emphasize China as the area of the greatest and most urgent present need. A. J. B.

The Chaos in China The present chaos is therefore not surprIsmg. It is just what has hap- China is in chaos. At this writing, pened in other lands. Remember the a revolt of ominous proportions against long and tumultuous feudal era in the Nationalist Government has col- Europe, the Thirty Years' War, the lapsed, but the kaleidescope of Chi- Wars of the Roses in England, the nese events shifts so often and so Civil War in America, and the prorapidly that it would be unwise to longed unsettled period in the Ameripredict what the situation will be when can Southern States that followed it. these pages are read. It is painfully The readjustment in China is on a evident that many Americans and Eu- larger scale because an enormously ropeans, including some who have long larger population is involved in a vastbeen friends of China, are viewing the er territory and at a time that affords situation with despair. The high exceptional opportunities for unscruphopes that were raised by the found- ulous rival chieftains and roving baning of the Republic are dissolving, and opinion is freely expressed that the dits. Such a huge undisciplined mass Chinese are incapable of self-govern- could not be expected to find itself at ment and that the issue of the present once. But the old conditions can never civil wars will be either a Mongol Mus- be restored. For better or for worse solini who will restore order with an China has entered upon a new era. iron hand, or a modern J enghiz Khan Give the Chinese half the time that who, after crushing revolt, will mobil- Europe took in a like process, and we ize China's millions of fighting men believe that they will justify the opfor world conquest. timism of their friends rather than the pessimism of their critics. The Granting that the immediate outlook Chinese are a strong people with fine is dark, is the longer view necessarily qualities and we are persuaded that pessimistic? The Chinese are passing they will in time work through their through practically the same period of problems and take an important place transition that western nations have in the family of nations.

passed through, but under conditions We do not profess to predict what

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

the immediate future has in store. actively at work. It is true also that There are encouraging and discourag- the constructive force of the Gospel is ing factors. "Men ask us for the bot- at work, and that it is the mightiest tom facts," once exclaimed Dr. Arthur force of all. It has shown its over- H. Smith, of Peking. "They can't coming power in other lands and times, have them, because there is no bot- and it will show it again in China. A tom and there are no facts." recent traveler declares that it will We must not underestimate the dif- take 500 years to convert China. Well, ficulties of the situation. The hin- Christianity has been operating upon drances to the progress of the Gospel the Anglo-Saxon race for more than were at first suspicion, dense super- 1,500 years, and neither Great Britain stition, the inertia of centuries of nor America is converted yet. No stagnation, fear and dislike of any- other cities in the world have had the thing associated with white men, and Gospel preached to them for a longer entrenched non-Christian faiths. Some period than London, Edinburgh and of these hindrances still exist, but oth- Glasgow; but Christians in those ers are showing unmistakable signs cities confess that they are appalled of disintegration. New hindrances, by the wickedness in them. Even if however, are developing. Knowledge it does take 500 years to convert of western nations is bringing new China, which has nearly three times temptations., Some Chinese have as many people as Great Britain and thrown off the old conservatism to be- America combined, it would not be a come as volatile as the Athenians who reason for withholding the truths eagerly sought "some new thing," and which transform every man who ac- social and religious vagaries are find- cepts them. We do not refuse to give ing virgin soil for a rank growth of China our medical science because dis- fantastic "isms." It is easier to eases still prevail in America, and no change political institutions than to more should we refuse to give Chris- change character so that institutions tian teaching because some at home which are theoretically better will be still ignore or reject it.

practically operative. There is to be a Grant that the evangelization of new China, but whether it is to be China is a big task, and it certainly is, better or worse than the old depends we may be cheered by the progress largely upon whether the Christian that is being made, and by the evidence men of the West will strengthen the that Christianity has taken root so forces which make for righteousness. that there is a church which is well There is immense opportunity for established and certain to grow. We missionary work in China, but it must may be encouraged, too, by the fact be done amid new social and political that the churches contain a larger complications, the upheaval of Chinese number of Christians of the second society, surging currents and counter- and third generation, and are attractcurrents of a new era, increasing anti- ing men of intelligence who are fitted' foreign spirit, and the stubborn feeling of multitudes that Christianity is for leadership. The Christian movenot only identified with foreign ideas ment is gaining strength and momenbut is subversive of the ancestral worship to which the Chinese tenaciously tum, and the larger faith and sounder character of men who are at a farther remove from original heathenism.

cling. We are impressed by the fidelity and But there is another side. It would enthusiasm of the missionaries and not be fair, as it would not be Chris- also by the example of Chinese Chris- tian, to consider the difficulties of the tians who, amid toil and poverty and future apart from the influence which sometimes persecution, are serving the Gospel of Christ has in modifying their Lord with gladness of heart. "A those difficulties. It is true that the growing church among a strong peo- forces of evil and demoralization are ple, the spirit of life working against 4

the forces of death and decay in the Are Missionaries Responsible for one great pagan empire which the wrecks of millenniums have left on ~1.nti-Forcign l"eeljng~ the earth-surely there is .a call to service that might fire the spirit of Many critics are alleging that misthe dullest of us." If this was true sionaries are responsible and that the when Dr. Gibson wrote it years ago, resultant embarrassment to commerhow much more is it true now when cial interests and international relathe burden of that decadent pagan tions is serious. Fair-minded Chinese empire has been cast off and the and well informed resident foreigners mighty spirit of life given freer and emphatically deny this charge. more majestic scope. A volume would be required to quote How soon and how adequately wiII the appreciative words of Asiatic and the Christian churches of the West African princes, nobles, magistrates meet the extraordinary opportunity and people, wherever they have bewhich China now offers? It produces come acquainted with the real chara feeling of impatience when one is acter and objects of the missionaries told that all missionary plans must be and have been able to separate them contingent upon "the settlement of po- from the white men who have political litical negotiations," "the maintenance or commercial designs. Missionaries of a strong foreign military and naval today are far more popular with the force in China," "the thwarting of people than any other foreigners. Soviet Russia's plans for supremacy," They travel freely, unarmed and unand several other things. We cannot, protected, and it is comparatively selindeed, be indifferent to the course of dom that they are molested. When political events or to their bearing they are attacked, it is by a class of upon the missionary problem. But ruffians who, in the slums of an Amerineither can we make our obedience to can city, attack a Chinese gentleman Christ and our duty to our fellow men on the streets. dependent upon political considerations. For Christian men to "wait It is significant that during all the until China is pacified," or "until she turmoil of recent years in China, not is enlightened by the dissemination of a single missionary was molested by truer conceptions of the western the local Chinese who knew them, and world," would be to abdicate their re- that the only cases of violence were sponsibility as the chief factor in committed by bandits and undiscibringing about a better state of af- plined soldiers from other places who fairs. Is the church prepared to aban- attacked them not because they were don the field to the diplomat, the missionaries but indiscriminately assoldier, the trader? How soon is saulted, looted and kidnapped not only China likely to be pacified by them, foreigners, missionaries and non-misjudging from their past acts? The sionaries alike, but Chinese who were Gospel is the primary need of China suspected of possessing money or valutoday. The period of unrest is not ables. Thousands of non-Christian the time for the messenger of Christ Chinese grievously suffered in this to hold his peace, but to declare with way for every missionary who suffered new zeal and fidelity his splendid min- in person or property. Indeed when istry or reconciliation'. When, in all the lawless troops from a distant provthe history of the world, has such a ince sacked Nanking and shot the fa- God-given summons come to the fol- mous missionary John Williams, local lowers of Christ as to us of today? Chinese were overwhelmed with sor- row, hid many of the missionaries in A. J. B. their homes, supplied them with food and aided them to escape. A. J. B.

fTHOI)S fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Before leaving for his world study ages symbolized wealth, was chosen of the missionary enterprise, Mr. Pier- for possessions.

son asked the editor of this department Confident that the Society had to give through it the outstanding reached the place where solid food in methods used in the five years leading stewardship study should take the up to the Sixtieth Anniversary of the place of our milk-bottle leaflets and Woman's Foreign Missionary Society stories, S. D. Gordon was asked to of the Methodist Episcopal Church. write for intensive study in 1926, a The meeting was held in Columbus, book on "Five Laws Governing Ohio, October 24-31, 1929. Hundreds Prayer"; Doctor R. H. Walker to of women were expected from all parts write for 1927 a study book on "The of the United States; but, thousands Master Personality"; Miss Clemen- came making overflow services neces- tina Butler to write for 1928 a study sary for practically every session of book on "Ownership"; for 1929 Mrs.

the anniversary days. Fine talent was F. H. Sheets prepared a review study so abundant that these meetings were under the title "Three Ways to Hap- easily programed. piness." These books were studied by thousands of older and younger wom- PREPARATORY METHODS en who are now praising God for lifted Usable by Boards and Other Groups vision and enlarged horizon. The pres- ence of the Holy Spirit in so marked, I. Christian Stewardship was almost miraculous, a way throughout placed at the heart of every method to the sixtieth anniversary is largely, if the end that The Christ might be kept not entirely, due to the volume of inconstantly at the center of thought and telligent, definite, law abiding prayer activity. In 1924 a Missionary Cycle ascending from hundreds of thousands was decided upon for the second half of persons all over the world who were of the decade with the object in view asking for a pentecostal enduement of of drawing the there and the here power for greater service. more closely together in the bond of the Spirit through the study and prac- THE PATRONS' GIFT for tice of Threefold Christian Stewardship-prayer, personality, possessions. THE RETIREMENT FUND In order to visualize the stewardship work of the cycle, green was chosen II. A missionary organization in to symbolize prayer; as in the last operation for fifty-five years must face analysis all physical life depends upon the problem of an increasingly large the green of God's world, just so does retirement list of missionaries. $1,- all spiritual life depend upon prayer: 250,000 as endowment was found nec- crimson was chosen to symbolize per- essary. "The Patrons' Gift" plan was sonality; this had a twofold reason, used during three years to help in first-symbolic of His Blood that was raising $340,000 of this amount.

shed for us, second-symbolic of our The success of this method was intention to rededicate our lives to thrillingly visualized at the Sixtieth Him: purple, which has through the Anniversary by means of an art-mus- 131

COPY OF "PATRONS' GIFT" LEAFLET (Cover) 1 ~– ——-~- —- ' -'–' " — 1869 Birth Year IflIWIlmllllllllllJIJJlJllIIJ lJII lllll lllllllll11111111 1lllJIIIIIIIlllllllll111111n111111J111II1 11Ii 11111 11 1929 Sixtieth Anniversary Our Sixtieth Anniversary Fund THE H Patrom' Gift" Leaflet SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY FUND MISS ELIZABETH RUSSELL FOR RETIRED MISSIONARI:f;S For·ty Years a Missionary in Japan $340,000 How beaut-;ful aTe the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and To raise this fund by 1929, sixty b1'ing glad tidings of good things! thousand patrons are called for, who -Rot/tans 10: 15 (King James Version). for the glory of the work accomplished and to be accomplished will make a tJlIII Illll1II1IIIIJlllllllllllllllllllllllll11!11111l1l111lllilll llll1l111l11111111111111111111111111111111 1111, gift of five dollars each, over and above their usual givings.

Memorial memberships will also add to this fund.

Find your place of geographical re- sponsibility in the following list and make yourself or someone else a pat- ron at once by the payment of five dollars which covers the entire time up to 1929.

Number of patrons required by branches per year, 1927, 1928, and 1929: New England ……… . … . 550 New york …………… .. 3,370 Philadelphia …….. . ….. . 3,105 Baltimore ………… .. .. . 620 Cincinnati ………. , . . … . 3,640 Northwestern ……. . ….. . 5,210 Des Moines ……. ,., ….. . 2,030 Minneapolis '" _…. , ….. . 280 Topeka ………. . , .. . , … . 1,400 Pacific … . .. . .. ,.' … , … . 1,620 Columbia River ……. , … . 275 lin banner one hundred yards long iness man of New York, where the carried to music by the eleven branch envelopes were purchased. in Old presidents and eleven others, across Chinatown, and where they were the great eighty-five foot platform. On printed. The wOI'd "Christ" was not the banner were sixty thousand stars printed on the envelope because the in a rich blue, each representing a $5 translator explained that so many of patron gift or the equivalent. The them would necessarily fall on the banner was the gift of the Lexington floor from the small hand press and Conference and was made by a young would be tramped 'on; his keen spirnegro man-an artist-in compliment itual sense would not permit it. to his mother. The amount asked for in these con- III. "The Incense Gift," called in tainers was placed within the reach Europe "Gratitude Gift." This little of all: in 1927-58c; 1928-59c; Chinese envelope in red and white was 1929-60c. This method placed on the chosen as the container for this gift. altar in 1929, $50,204; in the three The Chinese translation of the words, years, $137,645. Each year the "Grat- "In Gratitude to Christ a Holy Gift," itude Gift" was gathered by the local was made by a Christian Chinese bus- auxiliaries on or about March 23d.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

COpy OF "PATRONS' GIFT" LEAFLET (Continued) II III lVOT UNUSUAL To become a Patron of the Sixtieth Anniversary Fund of the Woman's Not an unusal person, except in Foreign Missionary Society of the courage and consecration, was that Methodist Episcopal Church, I encIo'se young woman who sailed away to with real joy my gift of five dollars, parts unknown some twenty-five or that the steps of the retired missionthirty years ago as a missionary of aries on the King's Highway may be the Woman's Foreign Missionary So- attended with peace and a measure of ciety. comfort.

Not unusual, except in dogged per- Name ……………………..•• severance and eager desire to preach the Gospel, was that same young wom- Address …….. ……………..• an as, year after year, she fought homesickness, the depressing atmos- Conference ……… , …….. , … . phere of heathenism, the bitter disappointments which too often are a missionary's lot.

Not unusual, except in unselfish devotion to a great call, was she, as she gladly gave up all idea of material compensation and lived on a salary barely large enough to meet the simplest needs and leaving no margin for savings.

Not unusual today, except in the gracious beauty which comes from long and intimate fellowship with God, is this retired missionary of ours. Not unusual, except in the power of the thought of her to make you and me eager to build, safe and strong, the Retirement Fund which cares for her declining years.

India, Germany and other countries Long before eight o'clock they began to arrive, afoot, by bullock cart and by joined in this gift but their amounts motor. There were day schools which came en masse and from city schools a are not in the above figures. The fol- cart load of women and children came in conveyance with the curtains closely lowing from Hyderabad gives the story drawn. There were teachers and ex- teachers; students and exstudents, of one conference. Christians and non-Christians. The as~ sembly and adjacent rooms of the Stan- In respons~ to the invitation of the ley Girls' High School could hardly hold Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, the crowd that day although they had the Hyderabad Conference laid plans to been carefully seated and no space was celebrate the 60th Anniversary of the unoccupied. A conservative estimate Society and to bring our Love Offerings reckoned the number at more than 500. and Incense Gifts to the birthday party. While we had celebrated last year also At 9: 30 A. M. the program began by and the Incense Gifts had amounted to singing the Woman's Foreign Missionary Rs. 312/ -yet we hoped to have a larger Society 60th Anniversary hymn "The part in the festivities this year. King's Highway" and for more than an In Hyderabad, invitations were sent ho~r we were entertained by songs, recito the ladies of the English, Urdu and tatIOns, pageants, and a short history of Telugu congregations both members or the Society. But to many the climax of friends: also to exstudents and to the mothers of many of our pupils.

the day was in the collection, for in the GIFTS FROM KINDERGARTENS, hand of each person was clutched a little red striped envelope containing their DAY SCHOOLS, HIGH SCHOOLS, Incense Gifts or Love Offering to be sent to the dear Woman's Foreign Missionary COLLEGES Society. Sometimes their envelope was very "thin and flat containing only one or IV. After two years of careful contwo copper coins: again another was so sideration it was agreed to invite the full that it was literally bursting. While young people, boys and girls in the the ladies in America were putting 60 schools supported by the Society to send samples of their work. Packages 1927 began to arrive late in 1928; they continued to come until it seemed that 58e every ship that docked for the last seven months brought bundles of love 19Z8 from those of "The Family" at the ends of the earth. In round numbers 5ge these tokens numbered over 380,000. In addition, the older folks sent many 1929 lovely and inspiring gifts. At the close of the Columbus meeting these GOc were divided among the home base secretaries for distribution among the auxiliaries in city, town, hamlet and countryside so that every adult mem- ber in the United States may have a "love touch" with her life investment at the ends of the earth. One little gift from Africa bore the legend in a scrawly little hand, "Is so happy." A scene in Korea, painted by Mr. Arthur Pak an artist, was given in honor of his mother who was the first Bible- woman in Korea. It is valuable and is to be exchanged for gold which will be sent for work in Ehwa-Haktang, Seoul, Korea, the only school for high- er learning for girls in all Korea.

The far reach of this plan in behalf of mutual understanding and good will cannot be estimated. One woman of large wealth remarked, at the close of the Mexico program when the gifts from that country were explained, "I never before was even interested in Mexico; she now has my heart."

cents into similar envelopes our school COUNTRY GIFTS girls felt very happy if they could bring 60 dubs-ninety-six dubs make a H.S. V. One by one various countries rupee and it in turn is worth about began to arrange to send what was twenty-eight cents. Many others who named a "Country Gift" which was in could not bring so much had sixty half every case for the Sunrise Communion dubs in their bags. Still others had Service on October 30th. smaller amounts while some who had more means put in 60 annas-over a dol- South Africa, a deer and baby Jeoplar-and a few gave even more than ard rug to be placed under the mahogthat. The total was B. G. Rs. 136/. any communion table which was sent by Japan; Mexico, the linens exquis- itely embroidered and also a fine Span-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

ish Bible; Italy, the linens for the The Columbus service as reported eleven Bread plates of brass sent by by Miss Effie A. Merrill, editor of the Korea; Philippine Islands, a banana Friend, follows: cloth altar cloth of lovely design; Bul- garia, a hand made altar rug; North THE SUNRISE COMMUNION Africa, a kneeling rug seventy feet long and made in units of ten feet each SERVICE bearing the Arabic inscription "The Peace of God"; India, five three- Who shall describe that communion branch brass candelabra over five feet service! This Memorial Hall became high; stewardship colors being worked the vestibule of heaven to our souls. into the cross pieces; Netherlands To this place people began to come at East Indies, two gold brass plates; one-thirty A. M. The doors were France, an exquisite pewter set for opened at five. For hours the apthe Wine; China, twenty-two "Lac- proaches and plaza had been packed. quer 14" trays bearing on all four At three o'clock they began singing sides the stewardship emblem in colors "Nearer My God to Thee" and other and 3,491 communion cups some of hymns of praise. Within a few mothem having been made in the royal ments after the opening, at five o'clock, potteries of Kiangsi. the thousands had filled the auditori- um to the very roof and long before Through this demonstration of love the appointed hour, the door keepers many of the missionaries say that were turning away those who would their lists of "the interested" have enter. been greatly enlarged. Many whom the missionaries had not before even In solemn hush, Bishop Fraser Mcthought of as friends or seekers asked Dowell came to stand beside the table. for the privilege of giving toward the gift. "How Firm a Foundation" was sung. Then as the stately ritual of SUNRISE COMMUNION SERVICE consecration of the Bread and the Wine was read and the prayers of AROUND THE WORLD penitence and consecration rose, there appeared pictured on the wall on one VI. Among the initial methods was side "Christ in Gethsemane"–on the that of a Sunrise Communion Service other, "He is the propitiation for our which should encircle the earth with sins, and not for ours only but for the prayer, and rededication to the active sins of the whole world." service of The Christ. The date, October 30, 1929. Letters were sent to At either side were the tables and every mission station asking if they at the call the altar was filled, comwould like to join in such a service. municants standing two deep, at the The response was quick and heartfelt. beginning, and later they came first The following program in its simplic- from one side, then the other and stood ity was mutually agreed upon: five deep. The quietness of the massed worship was of undescribable power. Opening service of song. For three hours the service continued, Season of prayer. before the benediction was pronounced. Communion Service. Were any omitted from the table of Song, "Jesus the Light of the the Lord? Yes, even here, where it is World" (to be translated and where computed that 4,100 received emblems possible by a National). of His death- and resurrection, some were missed in the moving throng. A service of personal witness as to Christ's redeeming power. And so it Looking on this and on the days of came about that at sunrise on October this meeting from its beginning to its 30 such a service was held in churches, end, Bishop Frank W. Warne said: . under trees, in homes, in school.houses, by the seaside and riverside clear "Stupendous, spiritual, the Pentearound the world. cost outpouring of the Holy Spirit for which we are praying, has begun at Columbus. Let us continue to pray

that Pentecost power may come to our of seventeen intercessors, carefully se- people here in the United States and lected from different parts of the Unit- in all lands." ed States, began to pray. One by one and in most unexpected ways many of MISSIONARIES SENT OUT DURING ihe first twenty givers were found; SIXTY YEARS VISUALIZED some of the incidents connected with VII. Thirteen hundred and ninety- these remind us of Holy Writ. They six missionaries had been sent to nine- continued to be given until, when the teen countries during the sixty years. list was called on the evening of Oc- 1,396 silk flags 10×12 inches and tober 30, one hundred and twelve mounted on 22 inch ebony staffs were checks or vouchers were placed by made by Annin Co., New York. The these consecrated women or their repnumber of fllgs of each country cor- resentatives in the precious Burmese responded to the number of mission- Bowl of hand wrought silver sent as aries sent to it during the sixty years. a gratitude gift to "Mother Society" by the loyal friends in Burma. This lovely feature was visualized in the great balcony of Memorial Hall, Every missionary society has womwhere the program of the anniversary en to whom has been given the talent days was given. The foreign secre- of gold; many of these are waiting taries stood together at the front of for some woman with a different kind the platform and as the roll was called of talent to show her where to place each responded with the name of her $1,000. You ask God to reveal to field and the total number of mission- you the person; test your witness aries sent, from the beginning, to that to see if it is of yourself or of Himcountry. When the leader called "Eu- if it is of Him-go and you will find rope, twenty-eight," the audience saw the person prepared for your appeal. We turned aside from three who twenty-eight wildly waving flags in would have given, but grudgingly. the balcony; then in rapid succession None but joyful givers could be enthe other countries were called; when rolled with such a sacred group. "China, 395" was reached and "India, 480," there was thrilling applause. The following excerpt from the Then to make it more impressive, the ExeC1ttive Daily will give you the spirwhole 1,396 were asked to stand while itual atmosphere in which the entire all waved their flags exultantly and seven days program was bathed.

sang, led by that prince of assembly "Gratitude to the Christ for results leadership, Homer Rodeheaver, "Tell achieved through sixty years" flashed the "handwriting on the wall," as echoes of It Out Among the Nations." Almost the Treasurer's message lingered in our in the twinkling of an eye the visual- minds, – $41,805,000, a broad golden ization was accomplished but the great stream that has flowed through the audience had a new conception of the Treasury out to the far-flung battle-line; greatness of this sixty years of service. gold transmuted into life in the name of the Christ and for His dear sake.

"THE SIXTY" One by one, the Home Base Secretaries bring the incense gifts-a cent a member for each year of the Society's life thrice VIII. In October, 1928, the Anni- repeated-$137,000 laid at his feet. versary Committee was authorized to pray earnestly that guidance would be The star shines from the top of the granted in seeking out -sixty women Christmas tree, strains of "We Three Kings of the Orient Are" from the or- within the membership of the Society, chestra, and the men of the East sing while the women of the West bring their who would make an offering of $1,000 gifts of $l,OOO-not sixty Women, but one hundred twelve, to the glory of His name each to care for items which could not who gave His life that they might live: otherwise be met. These were to be known as "The Sixty." Plans were One by one they come, reverently as in prayer, and a hush comes over the great prayerfully made. It was understood multitude–for the King is there. Into that this gift of $60,000 was to be the silver bowl sent by the women of especially sacred. In its behalf a band Burma fell the gifts, one who pledged is

METHODS FOR WORKERS

watching from the gloryland as her sister We in Columbus took up the song and drops her gift with a white rose in her with them joined to pledge ourselves to name. 'Walk in the light, beautiful light, The names were read solemnly,-slowly, Jesus the Light of the world.'

one by one, stewards of God they are, and Thousands of stewardship candles have we. The Holy Spirit broods over all, and burned in homes allover the world, so we feel ourselves possessed by the great in a real sense in a great circle of light, unseen presence. We are His, the gold we have been bound together with chains is His, we are one with that great com- of glory about the feet of the Redeemer." pany round the world consecrating anew the life He bought, the gold He gave, "This is the most thrilling moment of the powers He would unloose. my whole life," said Mrs. Nicholson, the beautiful mother spirit of the great So- Charlotte Anderson, a senior at Ohio ciety, and she voiced the feeling of "the Wesleyan, takes down the sacred reliq- five thousand," for we were of one accord uary for Bishop Warne to open. Mrs. in one place, and had all things common. Burt Smith places there the book where the names are written to be taken to Tre- "Have peace among you," flashed the mont Street Church in the room where writing from one side of the wall, and the Society was born. Bishop Warne from the other side, "I am the Way." prays God's blessing upon the $112,000, that it may be multiplied, and that souls From the depths of a wondrous rich, may be born into the Kingdom from this consecrated spirit, Senor Capelli voiced in giving. beautiful song the Saviour's promise: Triumphal music rises from the great "If with all your hearts ye truly seek Me orchestra as the flags of the nations are Ye shall surely find me," raised by their representatives in national costume. T.hey stand back on either and then going to the old rugged cross side of the great world way-the flags on the right of the platform, where were forming a frame at the top. What a gathered the representatives of the nathrill as they go up, and with the raising tions who had read the cables, Senor of Old Glory the audience rises, and from Capelli continued with deep feeling: the gallery 1,396 flags flutter in response, flags of the 19 countries to which 1,396 "I will cherish the old rugged cross, missionaries have gone these sixty years, Till my trophies at last I lay down, and all nations join in the swelling chor- I will cling to the old rugged cross, us of "The Star Spangled Banner." And exchange it some day for a crown."

On the world map which covers the The sense of God's presence was comentire back of the platform a ray of pelling and it was from the soul that the electric light flashes from Calcutta to great hallelujah chorus broke forth from Columbus as Helen Tupper reads a cable- the vested choir, joined by Senor Capelli, organ and harp. gram from India. Another stream of light from Hammer- "The Lord God of hosts, King of kings, reigneth! And He shall reign forever fest, northernmost city of Scandinavia, and ever." and a cablegram from the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of Sweden, num- "Forward together" flashed the writbering 6,000 members. Singapore- ings on the wall at the left–and the vi- Algiers-Tokyo, Paris, Manila, Dresden, sion of the Christ on the right. Shanghai, China, Old Umtali, Rangoon, Budapest, Methodist women of Mexico, Five trumpeters bearing the steward- Lovetch, Seoul, Zurich, Vienna, Rome, ship colors, emerald, crimson and purple, Quessua, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Pe- sounded forth "taps" and Mrs. Nicholson king: each read by a national representa- declared the sixtieth annual meeting of tive-till light streamed from Columbus the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, to the uttermost parts of the earth and General Executive Committee, at an end. the globe was encircled with light. Then sounded "Reveille," for this is not the end but the beginning of the great "As the rising sun round the world enterprise, and with one voice the great proclaimed the coming- of a grand new company pledged itself for the next step. day," spoke Mrs. Lindsay, "so girls and women round the world this day pro- "Forward together – to know the claimed the coming of the Son of Right- Christ and to make Him known"-and eousness, rededicating their lives to know benediction was pronounced by Bishop Him and make Him known. Together Oldham. they partook of the Holy Communion, and sang each in her own tongue: SOME OF THE CABLES 'Hail the heaven born Prince of Peace, 'I. CALCUTTA. Jesus the Light of the world. Hail the Sun of Righteousness, (mATEFUL GREETINGS DEAR DEVOTJoJD Jesus the Light of the world.' .WYOUS LIGH'r RENDERS AND LIGH'~ BEARERS NOW RE.TOICrNG WITH THANKS- (HVING TO JESUS THE LIGH'!, OF THE WORI.D FOR HIS ENABLTNG AND BLFlRR- ING WORTHY IS HE TO RECEIVE HONOR

RICHES GLORY AND BI,ESSINGS TO VERSARY 0 R G A N I Z A T ION W II I C H f'RRIST OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR BE ALL BROUGHT US LWHT AND IN NAME LORD THE GLORY THE GLADNESS IS OURS. .TESUS CHRIST PLEDGE OURSELVES FOI,- LOW TORCH BEARERS TO THOSE STILI, MARY REED. IN DARKNESS.

(Perhaps al1 readers may know that Miss )!A THEIN NYUN. Rt'ed ,contracted l~prosy as a young missionary and ,vithout saying anything to her family OLD UMTALI, A~'RIC.. and friends aft!?]" the final diagnosis, l"{'turnpd to India to minist",r to those who were lepers. FOR PRAYERS AND HELP FOR REDE~IP­ She was healed but chOSF! to remain as OIl{' of 'rION A~'RICA WE ~'IIAXK YOU MAY GODS Christ's special ambassadors to these stricken NAME BE MAGNIFIED. FARAH. ones.) nUDAPEW!'. LUCKNOW, INDIA. I.OVING GREETINGS AND GRATITUDE HUNGARIAN FOR E I G N MISSIONARY WO)IEN SEND GREETINGS WITH FIRS'!' FOR YOUR LOVE AND GIFTS THROUGH SIXTY YEARS. EPISTLE PETER SECOND CHAPTER NINTH VERSE. MARTHA FUNK. ISABELLA THOBURN COLLEGE. ~IONTEVIDEO. TOKIO, JAPAN. THIS DAY THE LOVE OF' CHRIST MAKES REJOICE WI'l'II YOU ON THIS GLAD AN- NIVERSARY A:'D GIVE CHRIST GLORY. THE BOND BETWEEN OUR HEARTS AND YOURS ETERNAL. BERTHA TUDDENHAM.

FURUTA. ROME. FIRST CORlN1'HIAXS THREE TWENTY (Prosidont of Missionary Society of Japan, Methodist Church.) TWO TWEN'I'Y THREE. INES SERRER!.

HAM~rE!{PEST. ZURICH.

LOVING GREETINGS FROM CONGREGA- UNITED BY OUR REDEEMERS LOVE WE TION IN NORTHERNlIOS1' CITY IN THE MUST BE A BLESSING TO THE WORLD. WORLD. MELINE RODEMYER. MYRTLE I,. WADE FRIDMAN ROSSBORG. LOVETCH, BULGARIA. HELP UPLIF'l' SINGAPORE. BULGA!{IAN WOMEN TZVETANOVA. CHRIS'!' CON Q L E R IN G UNIVERSAl, CHRIST GREETINGS. BRO'J'HERHOOD COJoIING '!'O CROSS ROADS OF WORLD ALL R.CES AND CLARSES SEOUL, KOREA. WO!{KING FOR ,fALAYAS SALVATION. IN THE NA~IE OB' OUR CO~IMON FATHER KWAN S. NAL. AND HIS SON THI~ ONLY SAVIOUR OF 'l'HE WORLD WE SEND l'RAYERFUL GREE,!,- ALGIERS. HEVELA'I'IONS 15: 6 EPHESIANS 1: 16. INGS. ES'I'HER HONG.

~IAHANIE. .ilIALANGE, AF'RICA. LIFE THROUGH CHRIST IN AFRICA. GRENOBLE, FRANCE. QUESSUA GIHLS SCHOOL. IN EVERY PLACE YOUR FAITH TO GOD- CALCUT'l'A, INDIA. WARD IS GONE FORTH SALUTATIONS. CONGRATULATIONS AND CIIRIS'I'IAN MANILA. GREETINGS FROM '1'WO HUNDRED THOU- THE ISLES AWAIT HIS LAW PHILIP- SAND METRODIS,[' WOMEN AND GIRLS IN INDIA CHRIST BROUGH'!' EMANCIPATION PINE D.I.UGHTERS. '1'0 OUR MOTHERS HE MAKES POSSIBLE INEZ GODOY. 1'HE ABUNDANT LIFE FOR US AND HE S'L'ANDS AS THE ONE ROPE FOR OUR VIENNA. NON CHRISTIAN SISTERS FOR A RE- 'I'HE METHODIST WO:'IEN OF AUSTRIA DEE~IED LIFE IN THIS WORLD AND ETERNAL LIFE BEYOND HELP US LIF'I' JOIN IN WORK AXD PRAYER WITH IInl UP. GREETINGS FRO:.! PSAL)I 126: 2-3. SATYAVA'.rI CHITAMBAR. SHANGHAI. MRS. PAN"-'ELL JOSE. DEAR MOTHER LOVING GREE'l'INGS BUENOS AYRES. FROM CHINA ~'HE CUP OF BLESSIXG WHICH WE BLESS IS IT NOT THE CO~I­ JESUS ONLY THROUGH lInI WE CAN ~IUNION OF THE BLOOD OF CHRIST. BE BETTER DO MORE. BROWN.

IDA KAHN. MEXICO CITY. (A dil'ect lineal descendant of Confucius.) MEXICAN METHODIST WOllEN JOIN RANGOON. WORLD CHORUS OE' PRAYER AND PRAISE TESTIMONY BURMA METHODIST WO)IEN 'I'HANKFUI, FOR KNOWLEDGE OF LIVING CHRIST SENT BY YOU. SECOND CORINTHIANS ~'OUR SIX WE PRAY GOD'S BLESSING SIXTIETH ANNI- UARIA A. TOVAR.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions YOUTH AND MISSIONARY ics, which are being used, dynamic, instead of the 'dead' nature they are EDUCATION now in so many groups?"-L. M. E.

At a recent meeting the following "Our own communion is making its came from leaders in denominational major work the creation of a comand interdenominational groups deal- pletely correlated and integrated age ing with young people's work. level program for intermediates, sen- iors, and young people. We want that "Interpretation of the missionary it shall be dominantly missionary and enterprise in modern terminology yet that missions shall be so integrated which reveals the variety of work done into the total program that it will not and the central place of friendliness in seem to be tacked on and will be a the whole program is much needed."- part of the life process of character H. S. L. education itself."-C. P. M.

"What can be done to remove the "The missionary emphasis and enprejudice that exists in the thinking terprise will never get across with of so many young people against the young people in the largest way as a term 'missionary'? So very many purely separate appeal; in that way young people have come to dislike that it has to run the hurdle in the human term, not realizing that an entirely mind of a popular misinterpretation new content and interpretation has of 'missions' and of 'the heathen.' The been put into the whole missionary missionary purpose becomes most powenterprise. A good many of our most erful in a human life when it emerges alert young people, particularly those as an inevitable expression of some who have come in contact with stu- central purpose or philosophy of life dents from other lands and have wit- that the individual has come to accept nessed the revolt on the part of those and to work out in experience.-P. H. people against some of the things that have entered into or followed the mis- sionary enterprise of past generations, "With denominational programs so are frankly not interested in a mis- well worked out in most denominations sionary program. To reach the masses and with a closer getting together of of young people with a new under- the religious education and the misstanding of this term is very difficult." sionary education forces within de- -E. M. nominations, it is becoming increas- "The young people's society is one ingly difficult to set up apart from all the other religious education a proof our finest opportunities, and the gram which can be distinctly missionstudy book plan will never reach most ary."-E. D. G. of these societies."-H. T. S. "There are various aspects of the "Christian Endeavor Societies and missionary enterprise today which other Young People's Societies are would be very interesting to students meeting month after month with a provided they were presented in the missionary topic each month, which right way. For example, students has been most inadequately treated. would be intensely interested in the Material prepared for such groups has missionary colleges in various lands, a far wider use and influence than any but there is no up-to-date description emphasis on specialized missionary Or- of them as a whole. About all you ganizations. Would there be any pos- can get is material prepared for fisibility of cooperative preparation and nancial campaigns, and that does not use of material to help make these top- 139

meet the need. Another subject that "We do need better pictures and would interest students is a survey of charts."-M. E. M. missionary hospitals, but there again there is no modern presentation that "I wonder if it would be possible I know of, that takes into view the to have the young people of various whole range of such work including countries themselves making a collecall denominations …… Weare very tion for general exchange of their dissatisfied with the fragmentary de- typical games and of folklore which nominational presentation …… Even could be translated or dramatized."- a map showing all the colleges, or one C.M.B. showing all the hospitals would be a help. "It would be a splendid thing if some sort of missionary project could be "There is one effective means of gotten under way that might dramareaching students that we are not us- tize and make concrete the missionary ing to the full, and that is the bulletin enterprise. The work accomplished board …… For one thing there could be issued each month (or oftener) a under the International Student Resmall poster consisting of an attrac- lief might well serve as an example tive picture with an appropriate cap- to us. I doubt if the American undertion, and a quotation or remark. Of graduates would have gotten up very course, the quotations, etc., would have much enthusiasm in making contributo be carefully worded and would have tions to European construction in the to embody a genuine Christian spirit abstract, but when they were told of the and not be simply sublimated imperial- actual physical needs of hundreds and ism, as so much of our missionary thousands of students and young peopropaganda has been in the past, and ple on the continent and were given to alas, still is! The cost might be ma- see that their dollars were sent on terially reduced by borrowing cuts errands of mercy and reconstruction from missionary periodicals. They they responded eagerly."-W. V. K. could be used in wayside pulpits and other such places. "Could there be available a list of speakers for young people's rallies who "Students for the most part, will no can present the missionary movement longer come to see stereopticon lec- in a gripping way-a list of those in tures, but they will come to see movies various parts of the country, with inif they are good. . . . .. The success of formation regarding what they might the play 'The Color Line' shows what can be accomplished by well written, expect in way of remuneration to guide easily acted plays. But the old plays program committees, and help make that talk about foot binding and child these many meetings more helpful? marriage, will not do in college com- Have we not all depended too much on munities where the susceptibilities of our own, and so lost a wider vision at foreign students are likely to be hurt. times?"-L. M. E. There are, however, lots of modern situations which could be dramatized, "Would it be possible to establish showing the common responsibility of direct mail communication between East and West in a changing world, if groups of young people in this country we could only find the dramatists."- and groups of young people across the C. H. C. seas? While it might be that some difficulties would arise in the way of "I am struck by the particular pos- translating messages, yet no doubt sibilities of visual presentation. About this could be overcome in some way. eighty per cent of all we learn comes through the eye and I think that we A great many people travel and if ought to magnify that means of edu- they have already established some cation more than we have done in the points of contact in other lands and past."-R. L. E. then should in the course of travel visit that country they would at once have a peculiar interest, or it might even work that the fact that they had

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

corresponded with somebody would that it is simply 'another religion.' In lead them to travel."-E. H. S. our effort to wipe out bitter prejudice between people of various faiths, we "Statistics show that the majority have gone so far as to create a feeling of young people who give themselves that 'any religion' is all right so long to missionary service volunteer before as a man lives up to it …….. Many college years. Unless missions are young people feel that until we can properly presented to precollege youth 'clean up' at home we have no right to we are certain to have young men and try to evangelize others …… We must women purposing to become mission- make it clear that whereas we may aries on the strength of motives which have no right to thrust our civilizaare unreal, which cannot stand the tion upon others, yet we must be tiretest of more mature thinking, and less in sharing (not thrusting) our which therefore cannot last. It is pa- gospel with others who have not heard thetic to find college students turning it, or have not accepted it.-J. G. H. away from their missionary purpose after several years in college because From a recent college graduate came they discover that their first interest this: "1 feel very strongly that a zest in missions was one under emotional for missionary education is in proporstress or by a presentation of need tion to the intensity of a student's highly colored and often untrue to own religion. When people are in facts. 1 hope that our young people's doubt about their own position, they organizations will strengthen their are hesitant about spreading the faith. Sunday programs along vocational guidance lines; and I also look for- "Most college students' judgments ward to the preparation within the about missions are based on the connext few years of missionary literature ception of missionaries they had when especially designed to meet the needs they were children. The typical 'misof preparatory school boys and girls." sionary' made the savages civilized by -M.T.S. changing their habits of dress and manners. Those who have taken "My impression is that the thing courses on the 'Appreciation of Orienthat is most needed is a sort of Jeru- tal Culture' and similar subjects resalem Conference for young people of sent this method. Some think it gross high school age. College undergradu- egotism on the part of missionaries to ates get about nine tenths of the at- inflict their ideas on someone else. tention of the leaders of the various Still others quote the old adage 'charyoung people's groups, much to the ity begins at home' as an excuse, but neglect of the high school crowd."- some who think deeper and observe W.V.K. the reaction of the foreign students who come to 'Christian' America and "I am finding that our missionary discover that the people are not like work is becoming an institutional en- the missionaries, and see that many terprise rather than a spiritually driv- turn away disappointed and brokenen service for other people …… We hearted, feel that we need to test have overdone the 'salesmanship Christianity here before we take it stunt'-we need now to reveal the suf- abroad. They feel it is futile to preach fering Christ pleading for help to Christianity and not be able to verify reach and save His children of differ- our beliefs at home."-R. F. ent race and color from ourselves."- M.D. THE CHOICE "One of the next steps is to develop Oft as he jogs along the winding way a sense of 'the uniqueness of the Chris- Occasion comes for every man to say,- tian Gospe!.' In the light of a lot of "This road?-or that?" and as he teaching that is prevalent in many colleges, universities and high schools, chooses then, young people are not so sure that So shall his journey end in night or Christianity is a unique religion, but day. -John Oxenham. EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York ASK THE WOMEN form their own opinions. The in- stances here related make up about By BESSIE ALLEN DONALDSON forty per cent of our calls, and do not include many other homes among our Twice recently I have read the state- friends where we did not call at the ment that polygamy has been prac- New Year season but where there are tically given up in Persia. In "The two or more wives. American Task in Persia" also we find the statement: "Polgamy is not gen- One call was upon a young woman erally practiced or approved in Persia, whose first husband had divorced her and it is probable that if the legal and because she objected to his bringing social facts were fully set forth, it in a second wife. The next morning would not figure as an institution at we called on a young widow who had alL" been one of the three wives of a high Polygamy is not paraded in Persia, official. In the afternoon of that some and it is not difficult for us who live day we went to a home where two here to understand how a traveler wives received us. The older woman might get the above impression. He is rather frail. She had needed help is met here and there by Persian gen- in the house, so what was easier than tlemen, and they are anxious for visi- for her to arrange for her husband to tors to get the best possible reaction marry her own niece? From this call concerning the land and people. In we went directly to another home fact, a Persian might answer his where our hostess is the sole wife. guest, if questioned, by saying that But one of her friends was calling at polygamy is on the wane and has al- the same time, a pathetic example of most died out, and cite that he and what often happens when some day, others of his friends have only one without any previous warning, the wife. If he has progressive ideas and husband brings home a new and is not overproud of some of the short- younger and more beautiful wife. We comings of his people, the Persian can scarcely recognized this woman as a easily avoid mentioning those of his former friend, she had become so friends who have more than one wife. emaciated with her grief and trouble.

One in an official capacity might live The next day we called at the home in Persia for several years and not of one of the high officials, upon his get "inside information," as polygamy European wife; his Persian wife lives is evident only in the women's quarters in Teheran. At another home two and Persian gentlemen do not take wives received, the second having been their wives with them into society. chosen by the first, who was childless, Nor has it been the custom-because with the hope that there might be a it was not considered good form in son and heir. Persian male society-for a man to Another day we were inVited to mention the female members of his lunch at a home where there are two household. If he is obliged to do so, wives of the same age, as well as two the terms "household" is sufficient, babies, only two weeks apart. These and that really tells nothing. women were dressed alike, as were It is not my aim to set forth legal their babies. They appeared to be or social facts to prove the existence good friends, but it is said that in of the custom. I wish only to recount spite of the husband's effort to treat our experiences of the No Ruz (New them both alike, there isa great deal Year) season, and my readers may of jealousy between the two.

142 We also called upon a young woman fore the entire consignment was diswhose father has two wives. There is posed of, and the publishers were notiweh hard feeling between these two fied that East Side New York had that he is obliged to keep one in Te- cOllsumed a large number of the books. heran and the other in Meshed! At another place two women, wives of the LATE DEVELOPMENTS IN same man, were guests. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE One of the saddest cases is that of a beautiful young woman, the mother of The new year should bring a new a bright boy of seven. The father and deeper interest in the cause of brought home a new wife who imme- Christian literature in the Orient. Dr. diately broke up the home and the John R. Mott has returned from the young mother obtained a divorce. The meeting in Jerusalem for 1928, and father went to Teheran, and the little from his subsequent trip around the boy grieved so for him that he became world in survey of the mission fields ill. Word of the child's health reached to express his belief that the furnishthe father, and after many negotia- ing of Christian literature ought to be tions, he promised to put away the sec- one of the major tasks of the missionond wife and, for the sake of the son, ary enterprise. This conviction of his take his mother back. It was all ar- is shared by all, but certainly not exranged and they went to Teheran, but pressed in action. The amount allotted not to happiness. After the man had to Christian literature by the various remarried the child's mother, he boards remains pitifully small. The brought the other woman back. The entire income of the committee is in mother feels she must endure it for the neighborhood of ten thousand dolthe boy, but she knows only too well lars. The field of operations continue the sorrows attendant upon polygamy, to grow. The chairman of the comfor her mother became a semi-invalid mittee received from the Christian Litand the father married another wife, erature Committee in Korea a request just his daughter's age, and this sec- for the subsidy of a Christian magaond wife has ruled the household in a zine for children in Korea similar to manner to make the angels weep. Happy Childhood in Japan. It was estimated that one thousand dollars Polygamy is behind the curtain in should be available for the initiation Persia, and the traveler and even the of this work. temporary resident do not get a chance to peek. But we who frequently visit During the time set aside for the Persian homes and get acquainted consideration of Christian literature at with what really does go on in them, Northfield this request from Korea would suggest to those who may be was mentioned. In return a persontempted to make sweeping statements al gift of five hundred dollars was about Persian home life, first ask the given, another of one hundred dollars, women. and smaller gifts brought the amount received up to seven hundred dollars, NEW READERS FOR OLD together with a promise for three hun- dred dollars more to be paid in at a "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem" will later date. It will be at least a year have a new group of readers this year. before the actual pUblication of this magazine. n seems that in the transportation of A delightful step in advance was a load of these books across New York taken at Northfield when an old friend City, one carton of the books fell off of the committee indicated her desire the truck, and broke open. It was soon to provide for the pUblication of one appropriated by a Jewish vender, who of the books of Central Committee. began selling them to his friends as Just after this, Miss Laura White, who "the latest information from Jerusa- is in charge of Christian literature lem" at five cents each. Sad to relate, publications in China, met the chairthe police cut short his activities be-

man and told her that she was desir- children. The door is wide open the ous of translating "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem" because she felt that it was need is for funds. ' exactly the kind of book on backgrounds which the Chinese Christians ONE FRIENDSHIP BAG needed and in which they would be interested. She said: "I want to One of the friendship school bags translate that book, Mrs. Montgomery, do you suppose you could raise the which American children sent to Mexmoney for it?" Mrs. Montgomery replied: "The Lord has already attended ico last year found its way to a tiny to that, and has sent three hundred dollars by special messenger." Miss island in the Gulf of California, where White expects to use as her helper in translating the book Mary Liu, a re- very primitive wInadsiacnasrr, itehdebSyeariuttroimboe~ cent graduate of Ginling. Miss Liu's live. The bag story will be remembered by many of our readers. She was a little slave bile across the desert for seventy or girl who lost both hands and feet through the cruelty of her owner. A eighty miles, then by cart until the fund had I;>een set aside for her education by the nobleman in whose family curt stuck in the mud, then by horsethe crippling had occurred. During her education she showed remarkable back to the shore of the Gulf, from . talents and has recently been graduated from Ginling College. She does there by rowboat to Tirburon Island, everything a girl with both hands and feet can do. She has learned to hold a the home of these Indians, and finally pen with her poor stump of a thumb, and with this she writes beautiful Chi- on the back of an Indian for several nese characters so that she completes a day's work of one thousand charac- miles to the camp. Here the bag was ters in about an hour and one half. It takes the ordinary girl a full day of opened, and the "good will" contents eight hours to complete this task. She is already the author of two books distributed to the Seri children. This and is employed by Miss Laura M. White in the office of the Women's was the first free gift these children Committee for Christian Literature in Shanghai. Steps have already been had ever received, and their appreciataken toward the pUblication of the same book in Japan and India. Money tion was very keen. has been provided for printing an edition of Mabel Thurston's "The Adven- Mr. Robert Thomson, the missionary ture of Prayer" in Chinese, and for printing "The Story of Jesus as Told in charge of these Indians, asked the by His Four Friends," in the same language. children what they could send back to The magazines for which the com- the American children, and a number mittee is responsible, one in South America, one in Constantinople, four of children ran to the shore and picked in India, one in China, and one in Japan, continue their blessed work of up pretty colored shells to be sent to furnishing Christian reading matter to show their pleasure.

These Seri people lack everything ordinarily considered essential to physical comfort. Their scanty cloth- ing is ragged and filthy, they have no permanent dwellings, food is always insufficient, and drinking water has to be carried on the shoulders of men for several miles. They have practi- cally no contact with other people.

*** A blind boy in Japan is copying the hymns he loves in the Braille system as his only way of having them near him. His patient work will carry the hymns to others.

*** When God wants to speak with a man, He wants that man to be alone.- H Bn77J Drummond.

*** The soul, like the body, lives by what it feeds on.-J. G. Holland.

Industrial work on this station

not been so prominent as on some of Growth of Z. I. M. the other stations, though 24 tons of maize were harvested, beside coffee, T HE Zambesi Industrial Mission has chillies and beans.-The Christian. under its care at Ntonda, S. Angoniland, 411 candidates for baptism, and an added 363 who have definitely re- The Y. M. C. A. in Assiut nounced heathenism. Other professing Christians in the community bring the I N 1921 a little band of twelve founded number almost to 2,000, an influence a local Y. M. C. A. in Assiut, two on the surrounding mass of paganism hundred miles up the Nile from Cairo. which cannot but be felt. Three evan- Assiut is a city of 65,000, the Chrisgelists are supported in this field. tian educational center of the country, the capital of Upper Egypt, a flourish- According to the missions annual ing business center, and the seat of a report, church services on Sunday fore- branch of the great Moslem Univernoons and afternoons showed an aver- sity, Al Azhar. From that time there age of 1,126. In addition 97 villages has been rapid growth in the organizawere visited, and the average attend- tion and almost complete self-support. ance throughout the year came to 7,388 The committee of management now people. A Bible class is held on Wednes- consists of Christian landowners, lawday every week at the station, and yers, teachers, pastors and Government has an average of 352, mostly young officials. The first full time secretary men and women. Prayer meeting on was appointed in 1926. Steps were Friday has an attendance of 44, and immediately taken to secure a site and the monthly communion service 204. A erect a building. Two hundred pounds Bible Reading is held daily at sunrise were given by a Mohammedan deputy with all workers on the station. Dur- to Parliament, and a like amount by ing the year a small Hospital was built the Coptic Archbishop and Abbot of at Ntonda, and 2,504 medical, and 2,805 the Monastery of EI Moharrek. A flood surgical cases were attended to. of small subscriptions came from men of every creed and class, and in 1928 School work was continued through- the desired plot was secured.-South out the year. Twenty-four teachers African Outlook. were sent to the Training School to Dombole, to enable them to qualify for Government examination, and all who presented themselves passed success- Welfare Center in Nigeria fully. The twenty-four schools, with CHILD welfare work in Nigeria was a total daily average of 882 boys and first started about the year 1914, girls, have been registered by the Nya- through the agency of various missionsaland Board of Education. While to ary societies; and it was as recently some extent these schools are expected as 1926 that the first government ma- to conform to a recognized code, ap- ternity and child welfare clinics were proved by a Federation of Missions and established. The C. M. S. Hospital the local Government, our chief aim is at Iyi Enu has drawn up plans for a to make them Bible Schools in practice, large maternity unit, for until Chris- and our experience is that they have tian education has emphasized care of been, and are, the nursery ground of the body there can be no decrease· in our churches. this mortality rate. With the proposed 145 5

new buildings wards will be provided the hospital will need only dispensary for the maternity cases quite apart service. However, six rooms for surfrom the rest of the hospital buildings, gical or other special cases which rean out-patient department for ante- quire hospital care will be provided. and post-natal clinics, and for infant The majority of those who need to rewelfare work. Here also women from main after operation or otherwise, can the different districts can be received be assigned to one of the huts where for training in simple midwifery and they and those who come with them care of infants.~C. M. S. Outlook. may be given some training as to the care of the sick. These huts may be Practical Christians simple and relatively inexpensive, so that they can be removed or burned MISS MABEL E. EMERSON, re- and rebuilt from time to time as turning from a world tour, has needed. Possible development as the this to say of American Board activi- work grows is also included in the ties in West Africa: "The rapid growth plan. of the Church within the last few years is not a mass movement but the nor- WESTERN ASIA mal growth due to witnessing Christian lives. The converts come in small The Old Order Changing groups from many villages, totaling thousands a year. The growth in Bail- MUST APHA KEMAL has a slogan, undo is a good example. In 1916 that "Break with the past." One aschurch had less than 500 members; in tonishing phase of this break with the 1922 it had passed the 1,000 mark; past is shown in the action authorized now in 1929 the membership numbers by the republic of Turkey toward the 3,300, a trebling in seven years. By entire habits of the men in charge of 1931, judging from the number now the worship in the Mohammedan mosenrolled as catechumens in the training ques. Here are a few quotations from classes there will be more than 5,000 the project for religious reform just members. made public by the committee ap- pointed by the Theological Faculty of "No where did I see people facing the University of Constantinople: more difficult economic conditions than those in West Africa, where the aver- "Religion is a social institution. It age daily income is only five cents, and ought to satisfy all the exigencies of yet these African Christians are fac- life and pursue a process of developing resolutely the obligation of church ment. It is wrong to think that our support. A new building for church religion should be bound to the old and school in one of the out-stations, forms and conventions and thus bewhich cost not less than $500, has been come incapable of progress. built without a dollar of help from the Board. Native Christians had contrib- "Our places of worship must be uted money and labor equivalent to 10,- clean, orderly, accessible and inhabit- 000 days' income. The 'words' came to able. Pews and cloak rooms must be these people less than fifty years ago." provided in them. They must be en- tered with clean shoes. (Heretofore Kru Coast Need to Be Met no Moslem could enter a mosque with any kind of shoes.) The language of MISSIONARY Walter B. Williams, worship must not be in Arabic but in of the Methodist Mission at Nana the new language. Kru, Liberia, writes that he hopes to return to the Kru Coast in 1930 with "Measures should be taken to make sufficient funds to build the Hartzell worship beautiful, inspiring and spir- Memorial Hospital. The present plan itual. For this reason it is necessary takes into consideration the fact that to prepare singers equipped with a the majority of people who come to knowledge of music. It is also neces- sary to have instruments of music in places of worship."-Christian Herald.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Labor Conditions in Persia easier to separate the South Africa DURING the last ten or twelve years Zulu work from the Rhodesia work and conditions of workers in the car- that in the newer territory of the Mopet-weaving industry of Persia have zambique Company. The East Africa vastly improved. In the old days il- Mission has 3 stations, 35 outstations, literate children were apprenticed at 31 white workers and 9B natives, 7 about six years old and upwards as churches and 39 schools of all grades. weavers, the parents receiving a sum -Missionary Herald.

in cash from the master weaver in re- turn for an agreement binding the A Power Plant A childen to work for the ensuing year. BOUT twenty-five years ago, the Persians awoke to the value of The weavers' day started soon after sunrise and ended at sunset, the modern education. There were, at that cramped position in which the workers time only a very few schools using had to sit causing a peculiar form of modern methods. In recent years the late rickets, resulting in much crip- government has opened schools in all pling. the cities and towns and in many of Now the industry has passed almost the larger villages, for girls as well entirely into the hands of foreign firms, as for boys, and they are discussing who have much improved the condi- ways and means of initiating free edutions of labor: The workers are now cation throughout the country. Intelpaid by piece-work, the Persian law ligent Persians are recognizing that limiting the weavers' working day to their failure as a nation is a moral eight hours, and preventing boys of failure, and they have implicit conless than eight years of age and girls fidence in the ability and the sincere of less than ten from weaving at all. good intentions of Americans to give their children what they need to make Missions Change Nanles them useful, patriotic citizens. The northern half of Persia has been T HE name of the Turkey Mission of the American Board of Commis- allotted to the Presbyterian Mission. sioners for Foreign Missions which Work was begun in Teheran in 1872, has included work in Greece, Syria and the following March a school for and Turkey, has been officially changed boys was opened,' but the pupils were to "The American Board Mission in drawn exclusively from Armenians, the Near East." The different sections Jews and Zoroastrians, as the sons of will be known as the Greece Section, Persians who constitute ninety-eight Syria Section, and Turkey Section. per cent of the population, were strict- The Near East Mission includes, ac- ly forbidden by the Government to atcording to the latest statistics, 12 sta- tend. In the late nineties a few Moslem tions, 35 out-stations and a total of boys began to come. In 1900 there 135 workers. There are 398 native were twenty-two, and from that time laborers, 42 churches and 62 schools of on the number steadily increased. Since all grades. Work is conducted with 1925 the enrolment has stood at from headquarters in Constantinople, Mar- 800 to 900. While boys of every grade ash, Tarsus, Merzifoun, Adana, Smyr- of society and of every race and creed na, Mardin, Brousa (Turkey), Athens, are accepted without discrimination, Salonica (Greece), Aleppo, and Beirut an unusually large percentage of them (Syria) . are the children of the nobility and other influential families of the coun- At the same time the name of the try. In recent years, fees collected mission operating in Rhodesia and the from students have amounted to about Mozambique Company's territory, Af- $28,000. Nine wealthy boys are charged rica, was named the East Africa Mis- enough to support ten.-Women and sion. The new name makes it a little Missions.

CHINA the object of the American donors.

Christian Movement in China If we give seed grain, the usual re- 8erve can be eaten. If there are no THE present communicant member- seed reserves, the need for seed will ship of the Christian churches in be even greater, unless we are to face China, according to estimates in The another famine appeal next year." Chinese Recorder, Shanghai, is 446,- 631. The figures are not set forth as being precise, but are believed to be Problem of Girl Sla.very T approximately correct. In 1922, the HE National Child Welfare As- sociation of China, which was figure stood at 402,539. From the same source it is learned founded a year ago by Dr. H. H. Kung, that there are now about 4,750 mis- Minister of the Interior, will probably takt: up th~ uu-tsai or girl slavery sionaries in China, about 78% of what was regarded as the "normal" number question, in it, dition to striving to edu- before the confusion of the last few cate parents on matters of child health years. The recent Directory of Mis- and carrying on a campaign against sions in China records 20 new stations foot-binding. as opened, and 500 names of new missionaries who have been added since As long ago as 1922 the British Sec- 1927. retary of State for the Colonies ap- proved of a proclamation declaring girl slavery illegal in Hongkong, but this Drouth-Resistant Grain proclamation has proved to be only waste paper, and now some means are OR the past two years Mr. L. M. being sought to punish the masters F Outerbridge, agricultural and evan- and mistresses of these slaves. gelistic missionary at Fenchow, has experimented with surprising results China is estimated to have an infant with certain strains of newly intro- mortality rate of 73% for children of duced drouth-resistant seed grain. The less than 1 year old, and the reduction following paragraph is taken from a of this rate by education of adults is letter of Mr. C. R. Bennett of the Na- alone a colossal task. The Association, tional City Bank, Peping Branch, who during the first year of its existence, is chairman of the American Advisory made a good record considering its Committee which distributed funds slender income of only $30,000 Mex. from the China Famine Relief, U. S. A. Of this total 80% came from the New "This seed planted next spring will York Association for the Welfare of not only supply food, but will pave the the Children of Cbina, 6% from other way for supplying by the end of 1931 foreign sources and 14% from Chinese sufficient seed grain for the whole contributors.

province. If seed grain for the spring is assured, the people can eat now and Loss of Righteousness Deplored through the winter the grain usually "FAITH and righteousness are not reserved for seed. If we keep them prized and there is no sense of alive with food gifts now, they will shame. If this state of things is al- plant the same old native seed in the lowed to continue, China will be wiped spring and possibly get nothing if it off the earth without waiting for im- is a drouth season, or at best less than perialistic aggression or communistic half what the new seed would produce. intrigues," was the startling statement While we may have to supply sollie made on Independence Day (October further food relief, this seed grain 10) by General Chiang Kai Shek, proposition seems not only an excel- President of the Nationalist Govern- lent chance to put perennial drouth land ment in China, and reported by Dr.

on its feet and create a granary for Percy T. Watson, missionary physician surrounding districts, but it would under the American Board of Commis- seem to be constructively in line with sioners for Foreign Missions in China.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"Everyone today wants to succeed, work developing that trained mission- by hook or by crook," General Chiang aries cannot supply the need, and lay further warned in his Independence preachers itinerate among the villages. Day speech. "Right and wrong are The movement is not limited by confused. Private considerations are political boundaries, but is reaching placed above the interest of the. State. Ukrainians from the Caucasian to the In the mad competition for rights, one Carpathian mountains.

ignores one's obligations."

General Chiang further stated that Protestantism in Latin Countries it was not foreign aggression nor do- DURING the fall a conference of the Evangelical churches of Spain mestic difficulties which caused him and Portugal took place in Barcelona. One of the speakers from Portugal anxiety, but rather the gradual disap- called attention to the fact that in his country the most influential people pearance of those virtues which had been the spiritual herit "gil of the race for generations. ,iC"

Liebenzeller Mission G;rows were the atheist, the agnostic and the cleric. Evangelical Christians are in THE Liebenzeller Mission is a branch the minority, owing to the persecutions of the China Inland Mission, and which they have suffered throughout is operating 16 stations with head- their history and are still suffering in quarters in Changsha. Two years ago communities distant from the great one of their missionaries wrote: "Con- centers. This was also said to be the ditions in China never appeared so case in Spain.

hopeless as at present," but since 1927 The religious statistics given at the the progress has been encouraging. conference present an interesting pic- One new station was opened in the ture. The several groups exist in the province of Kweichow and 11 new out- following numbers: 2,000 spiritualstations added. The number of Chinese ists; 3,000 confessed Protestants; 25,- helpers has risen from 268 to 311. In 000 Crypto-Jews (Jews outwardly 1928, 624 new church members were Catholic); 750,000 indifferent and baptized, the largest increase in the atheist; 750,000 Roman Catholics in Mission's history. full communion; 3,000,000 Romano- EUROPE pagans, devotees of superstitition.- Ukrainian National Movement Espana Evangelica.

REV. MICHAEL FESEUKO, Sec- An Urgent Appeal retary of the Ukrainian Evangelical Alliance whose headquarters JUST when the Bureau of Relief of are in Toronto, writes of a Christian Evangelical Churches in Europe movement among his people amounting to a national revival. The Ukrai- was feeling confident that no outstandnians number about 28,000,000. About 7,000,000 were ceded to Poland after ing crisis was imminent, they find the Great War, this part being called Galicia-Large Ukrainian minorities themselves face to face with the most are in Rumania and Czecho-Slovakia, and in all these places they are op- difficult problem since 1923. The folpressed both politically and religiously. Homes are burned, religious meetings lowing cable was received in New York banned, yet the Christian movement gathers force. Beginning work in from Dr. Adolf Keller, European Galicia five years ago, the Ukrainian Evangelical Alliance in North America Director of the Bureau: now has twenty congregations and mission stations. So rapidly is the Thousands of farmers leaving Russia because of insupportable conditions im- posed by Soviet Government. Hope to migrate to Canada but Canadian Govern- ment hesitates to consent because of eco- nomic conditions in the Dominion. Thou- sands of families therefore stopped on their flight from Russia. All their pos- sessions sold or lost. No money, food, or winter clothing. Living in terrible squalor in concentration camps near Moscow, in Bigossowo, Sebesch, Schneidernuhl (Ger-

many), Hamburg and Bremen. In Mos- sanatoriums, or to furnish medical cow camp alone are 10,000 families. aid." Bitterest need for immediate help. This concerns all Protestant people as most An example of how the "Five-Year of these refugees are Lutheran or Men- Program" is being 'carried out, may nonite. Our office working with leaders be seen in the following: The scholars of Refugee Migration Movement, and of the forty-first school, formerly St. with Dr. Fritjof Nansen. Urge again Peter's German Evangelical Lutheran necessity for immediate help as sickness Parochial School, unanimously voted already breaking out. in favor of the following resolution which was put before them by the au- Those involved are not the ignorant thorities: "Inasmuch as we consider "Mujiks," but once prosperous farmers.

Anti-religious Progralll in Russia the existence of the Lutheran St. Peter's Church opposite the forty-first THE Central Committee of the Gus- school as injurious tQ the Soviet edu- tavus Adolphus Society in Ger- cation of the young, and inasmuch as many, in possession of news material we recognize the anti-social influence direct from Russia, publishes the fol- of this church which is competing with lowing facts: the school for influence over the young, In the beginning of September, in we demand that the church be closed the vicinity of Omsk, where three years and used for c'Ultural purposes." The ago Pastor Schulz was executed in the next steps to be taken in this direction market square on the orders of the involve the vote of the parents' associa- communistic party, the young assistant tion and then that of the laborers'

pastor John Grant has been murdered. counsel of the city ward. It is alto- Another young graduate of the Theo- gether likely that "the voice of the logical Seminary in Leningrad has people" will thus succeed in closing the been arrested and is still in prison for church in a very short time.

no other offence than that the evan- In the villages, the system called gelical peasants have been thronging "collectivation" is being introduced.

to his services. This means that pressure is exerted A private letter states: "Our pastor on the peasant to amalgamate his farm has just been sentenced to one year's with a collective organization. This hard labor, because he did not stop a makes him an employee of the "collec- woman in his parish who was practic- tive." He thereby loses the individual ing hymns in her house with a number right to dispose of his receipts and ex- of school children." A few months ago penditures. The village which is thus all organists and directors of choirs "collectively" managed, forbids every had to resign their positions, as they contribution to church purposes and were threatened with discharge from at any rate makes it impossible, since public positions if they continued to it leaves the individual only the barest officiate at church services. means of subsistence.

The following decree on religious Pastors are without civil rights of associations, passed in April, 1929, is any kind. They may not be members now in force: "Religious associations of any state or community cooperative are denied the right: to organize re- organizations, have no claim on public lief treasuries, to grant material help charity "like other people"; they are to their members, to oganize special excluded from the rights of citizen- meetings for children, young people or ship, but must bear incomparably women, to hold prayer meetings, to more of the burden of taxation of all hold meetings for Bible study, literary kinds. For example, where an official study, needle-work or other forms of or a laborer, in proportion to his earn- work, or any kind of meetings serving ings, pays 10-86 kopeks monthly for a for instruction in religion, to get up square meter of dwelling space, the picnics, establish kindergartens, li- pastor is compelled, irrespective of braries or reading rooms, to maintain his income, to pay for the same floor

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

space 2 rubles 15 kopeks up to 6 religions. They maintain that the rubels 45 kopeks. No minister may Christian idea of God is as untenable hold any public office, no child of a as the Christian doctrine of the atoneminister may attend a high school. ment, that the character of Jesus is far below that of a Bodhisattva, and Notwithstanding these hindrances, that between Buddhism and Christianthe Church in Russia is still alive. A ity there can be only war. The viceminister reports about a trip that he president of the English Maha-Bodhi took through Siberia. He relates that Society in London writes: "The num- in the eight weeks in which he was ber of Buddhists in Europe is conaway he visited 29 congregations, stantly increasing. A great responsibaptized 135 children, confirmed 433 bility rests on us Buddhists, for I feel lay baptisms, confirmed 452 confir- that we are the last hope of the world." mands, administered holy communion -Evangelical Missions Magazine. to 3,631 persons, married 70 couples, consecrated 3 cemeteries, made 250 Winter Plans in Evangelism public addresses, traveled 9,491 kilometers by rail, 514 by automobile, and T HE plans which the Commission 1,310 by wagon. Truly a missionary on Evangelism had in mind by tour of the most strenuous kind, wit- which it would send out five teams innessing to the fact, that God provides stead of one to cities throughout the ways and means for the spread of His country are already well advanced. Word even under the most adverse con- Bishop Darst, Chairman of the Comditions.–Condensed from Allg. Ev. mission on Evangelism of the Protes- Luth. Kirchenzeitung. tant Episcopal Church, is to have charge of the team which will visit GENERAL the cities of the South, largely along the Atlantic coastline. Dr. Mahy will Refor:m BUddhism and Christianity have charge of the team to visit the cities in New York State, Dr. Living- THE Shin sect, which was concerned ston in Pennsylvania, Dr. Bader in the in reshaping Buddhism on the West, and Dr. Goodell in New Engpattern of Christianity so as to adapt land. it to the modern age and enable it to overcome the competition with Chris- It is a matter of great interest that tianity, has accomplished some out- the leading denominational magazines standing things, but in its tendencies and papers are publishing series of has remained otherwise worldly. Now articles on the Holy Spirit and Pentesome prudent Buddhists have come to cost, some of them appearing in every the conclusion that Buddhism can have issue of the magazines and papers no future in Japan unless it can give from now until Pentecost, 1930. One men something of worth for the pres- of the leading magazines has already ent life. Thus a religious reform sent out a list of more than forty movement has started which aims to topics relating to these themes.-Conput Buddhism into inner relation with gre gationalist. secular scientific thought and to supplement it with certain Western Protestant Giving Wanes (Christian) ideas. This led in 1928 to a sharp conflict between the reform CHARLES H. F AHS, Curator of movement and the Shin sect, in the the Missionary Research Library, course of which the reform movement has made a study on "Trends in Protwas overcome, although not rooted estant Giving." His conclusions inout. dicate that sacrififiai giving for mis- sions in this country and abroad is The reformers stress the similarity not increasing. Since 1921, with nabetween Christianity and Buddhism, tional wealth rapidly mounting and but their opponents will not listen to with contributions for local church exany rapproachement between the two

pense steadily increasing, gifts for funds for the care of 29,665 benefici- benevolences or other than local aries. In expenditures, the Methodist church expenses have consistently de- Episcopal Church, with 8,513 benefi- clined, although the trend in total giv- ciaries, leads with $3,279,439; and the ing, including both benevolences and Presbyterian, with 3,163 beneficiaries, local expenses, moved regularly up- is listed as second with a total outlay ward every year from 1913. Close of $1,224,000. The Methodist Church conformity to the two general trends, (South) is third, with benefits total- i. e., a steady increase in contribu- ing $1,000,000 for 2,700 aged or inca- tions for local expenses and a decline pacitated ministers.

from a peak of benevolence giving in Figures on the other sixteen reli- 1920, was found in each of the 11 de- gious bodies listed in the report are nominations studied. These were as follows: Number Northern Baptist, Southern Baptist, of Benefi- Total E",· Congregational, Methodist Episcopal Ohurch (North), Methodist Episcopal caries penditure (South), Presbyterian (North), Presbyterian (South), United Presbyte- (Tnlted Presbyterian .,.,… 176 $54,8R3.00 rian, Reformed in America, Reformed in United States and United Brethren. Unite, Chnrch of Canada .. 1,428 62~,694.00 United Lutheran ……… 1,004 This situation is in the face of an Evangelical Lutheran Synod 185,475.78 increase in average wealth and income 282,314.50 in the United States since 1920, and of Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.2g0 an accompanying decrease in the cost Reformed Church in America 247 61,055.02 of living. Mr. Fahs discusses many Congregational ……….. 1,352 438,941.00 Protestant Episcopal …… 1,800 806,000.00 Norwegian Lutheran of Am. 260 Disciples of Christ …….. 468 75.937.00 Presbyterian ChUrch (South) 466 127,846.97 NGrthern Baptist ……… 4,580 193,596.00 Southern Baptist … '….. 1,328 950,000.00 United Brethren ………. 265 162,705.06 Augnstann Lutheran …… 311 8,500.00 Church of the Nazarene … 45 78,365.00 Reformed Church in the U. S. 279 7,917.50 79,362.70 explanations offered for this decline, Practically all of the churches to but finds it impossible to substantiate which questionnaires were sent re- any of them. Reasons offered include ported plans for extending the scope diversion of giving by the Near East of their work in this field.

Relief, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C.

A., independently sustained mission Child Labor Sunday C colleges and by new fundamentalist HILD Labor Sunday was observed throughout the country January o r g ani z at ion s; rehabilitation of church property and increased sup- 26, at the suggestion of the National port for educational and philanthropic Child Labor Committee. Perhaps no institutions of the churches; the other single problem in industry car- sense of responsibility or the dis- ries a more powerful appeal to church couragement resulting from indebted- people. The December 7 issue of In- ness on church and parsonage prop- formation Service of the Research erty, and indebtedness carried by de- Department of the Federal Council of nominational boards and institutions; Churches gave a summary of data ecclesiastical engineering manifested furnished by the National Child La- in unified national benevolent budgets bor Committee which was helpful for and unified promotion. s rmons, discussion groups and plans for the coming year. It is interesting NORTH AMERICA to note that "the legislative season of Pension Fund for Clergy 1929 was an active one, with 44 legis- NINETEEN Protestant religious latures in session and 123 child labor bodies spend $9,566,095.53 a year bills of varying importance introon relief and pension benefits for their duced. Many of these died of that ordained workers, according to a sur- common legislative disease – inertia.

vey being made by the Disciples of Other bills, some of the most impor- Christ. tant, were killed by an opposition These organizations had on hand which in several cases refused to re- $130,000,000 endowment and reserve veal its identity. On the other hand,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

not a single bill which would have establishment of a Chair of Industrial lowered child labor standards in any Relations at Duke University, particu- important respect was permitted to larly for the education of theological pass." Full information with refer- students.

~mce to the child labor situation may Other ecclesiastical bodies which are be had from the National Child Labor calling for a study of the textile in- .committee at 215 Fourth Avenue, dustry by the Federal Government New York. are the Synod of Sewanee Province of the Protestant Episcopal Church and Life and Work and Churches Abroad the Georgia Baptist Convention. The T HE first meeting of the reorgan- Ministerial Association of Greens- ized American section of the Stock- boro, N. C., has urged the Federal holm Life and Work Continuation Council of Churches, the National Committee, and the Commission on Catholic Welfare Conference and the Churches Abroad of the Federal Coun- Central Conference of American cil of the Churches of Christ in Amer- Rabbis to take action. The National ica was held in New York, October 22. Board of the Young Women's Chris- The new body is a combination of tian Association has also recently what had hitherto been three separate asked for a study of the textile indus- agencies, namely, the Federal Coun- try by the Federal Government. The cil's Commission on Relations with Federal Council of Churches has been Religious Bodies in Europe, the Com- urging the same step.-Federal CfYUn- mittee on Relations with the Eastern cil News Service.

Churches, and the American Section of the Universal Christian Confer- Boy Scout.' Anniversary T ence on Life and Work. Under the HE Boy Scouts of America will celebrate their twentieth annivernew arrangement, the American churches will have a united approach sary the week of February 7-13, 1930.

to the various phases of their relation- The esteem in which the Boy Scout ships with the churches in foreign Movement is held by religious leaders lands. of all creeds is an evidence of the The officers elected by the Commis- worthwhileness of the Scouting pro- sion were as follows: Honorary Chair- gram of character building and citizen- man, Bishop Francis J. McConnell; ship training. The twelfth Boy Scout Chairman, Dr. S. Parkes Cadman; Law is: "A Scout is Reverent. He is Chairman of Executive Committee, reverent toward God. He is faithful the Rev. Kenneth D. Miller. An Ex- in his religious duties and respects the ecutive Secretary has not yet been convictions of others in matters of elected. custom and religion."

Lord Robert Baden-Powell, founder Southern Churches Ask Textile Study of the Boy Scouts, in the early days SIGNIFICANT resolutions h a v e of the Movement more than twenty been passed in recent weeks by a years ago, impressed upon the world number of Southern ecclesiastical that "Scouting is a great game." It bodies asking for a study of the entire puts into a boy's own keeping the textile industry by a Commission of Scout Oath and a set of twelve Scout the Federal Government. The West- Laws as the basis for high ideals ern North Carolina Conference of the which he may take into his life and Methodist Episcopal Church (South) make an integral part of it.

led off by requesting such a study. The Conference also went on record as be- ISLANDS A· ing against night work for women, in For Christian Work in the Philippines favor of a living wage, and condemned COOPERATING Committee for the violence and disorder which accom- Christian Work in the Philippines panied recent industrial disturbances. has been organized by the missionary The Conference also recommended the boards having work in the archipelago

for the purpose of strengthening the with non-Christian owners. Living Union Theological Seminary in Ma- conditions in the dormitory were im- nila, the Filipino Tract and Literature proved; earnest effort on his part Society and promoting wider interest caused the stated holidays to fall on in and more adequate support of the Sundays; girls who became Christians general missionary work in the Is- had the privilege of going outside the lands. The plan is to make contacts compound to attend church services; through speaking teams composed of a Sunday School for outside children Filipinos and Americans; follow up was opened in his place and sponsored interested parties but not make ap- by himself; his own daughter was en- peals in public assemblies; and form rolled in a Christian girls' school; small groups which will endeavor to finally one of his girls who had ac- make contacts with their friends. It cepted Christ enrolled in the Bible is hoped to raise $100,000 or more Training School as a student for the for the Seminary, and $50,000 or more purpose of giving her life to work for for Christian literature, this money factory girls like herself.-Missionary either to be held in trust by the de- Link. nominational Board of the donor, or turned over to the Trustees of the New Tuberculosis Hospital Seminary. T HE first tuberculosis sanitorium Three members of the Filipino in Korea was opened at Haiju in Christian Student Movement are on October, 1928. The buildings and site the committee. were made possible by a special gift for a hospital in Korea, known as the JAPAN-KOREA "Mary Verberg Bequest," which had been held by the executor until a plan Transformation in a Factory should be proposed which fulfilled the terms of the will. Dr. Sherwood Hall A YOKOHAMA factory employing and his wife, both graduate physicians, several hundred girls had the organized this work and are in charge usual crowded conditions and long of the institution. It is nonsectarian, . hours, but the superintendent, though having the doctors of nearly every not a Christian, was progressive Protestant denomination doing work enough to value moral teaching as a in Korea on its consulting staff, and means toward efficiency, and opened is a distinctly Christian enterprise, an evening school. His first move was strictly up to date, equipped with spe- to invite a Buddhist priest to teach cial features for diagnosing and treat- his code of ethics. For a time he ing tuberculosis, such as X-ray, Alpine came regularly, but the girls were sun lamps, pneumothorax apparatus, ignorant, dull, bored; and he soon re- and a sun room with special windows signed. Next, a public school teacher for admitting ultra-violet rays. Not was secured, but soon he, too, gave up. one of the non-Christians who has en- The third time the manager invited tered the sanatorium has gone out of two Christian Bible women, who or- its doors without finding Christ. A ganized a Sunday School, and stayed. sanatorium evangelist and a Bible Attendance was voluntary but the class woman give regular Bible CQurses.- grew and grew. The manager made Reco'rd of Christian Work. things easy by furnishing a spacious room, a baby organ, a blackboard, and Mission of a Mission finally by coming as assistant: Some weeks later, with five or six of his K OREA is the first country known own factory girls, he stood up in the as a "foreign mission" to send church and made public confession of out missionaries of her own to an alien Christ by baptism. people. In 1913 three Korean or- dained pastors were sent to begin His new life expressed itself in the gradual improvement of conditions in his factory, going as far as he could

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work in Shangtung, China, and the elementary character. Contact with American Mission turned over to them such fields as these shows how great the district of Liyang, with a territory are the possibilities of Sunday School 150 miles square. This undertaking work in the primitive type of schools, has been a proven success. In making and also the pressing need of furnish- Christ known among the Chinese, ing better means of training for work- bands of volunteers itinerated among ers whose chief qualification is their the villages of the district, preaching Christian zeal and willingness to help.

to groups and talking to individuals In most of these places I would have in the market places, and at the cross an hour in the afternoon and some- roads. From October, 1928, to Janu- times another hour in the evening in ary, 1929, this effort was carried on, which to present in the simplest fash- and again from February 14 to July, ion the objectives of Sunday School 1929. Listeners were numbered by work, and how these are to be attained the thousands, and results were sure. through proper application of the Bible In one place 67 decided to become lessons by teachers trained, if possible, Christians, and many little groups for in methods of teaching and in the study of the new doctrine were knowledge of their pupils; and also formed. This whole district had been through adequate organization of the raided by bandits at different times. school. In all these fields the Sunday At one of the preaching services a School furnishes a splendid means of band of looters gathered at the church approach to the people and is being door to burn the building and kill the more and more appreciated as an ef- worshipers, if they were not given fective evangelizing agency. In most money. Their intentions were made places it is now comparatively easy to very real by the sight of a huge can get large numbers of people to attend of kerosene, swinging from their a s[ ecial series of gospel services or shoulders. The preaching band and special sessions of the Sunday School.

the members of the little church went Children are more easy of access than down upon their knees in agonizing their elders."

prayer. The looters were astonished at this sight, and feeling that this New School in San Juan queer God, to whom the Christians were praying, might at any moment APRESSING need of the Lutheran cast a spell over them, turned about, Mission in Porto Rico has been and sheepishly slunk away. a training school for kindergarten teachers. The Luther League of At the entrance to every Christian America in its Omaha Convention home a cross was erected and before voted to raise $25,000 for a new school its quiet witness raiders and looters building in Monte Flores, a new and fell away. Chinese converts gave, in rapidly developing residential section 1928, more than $1,750 to this work. of the capital city, San Juan, over- LATIN AMERICA looking the Atlantic Ocean. This new Building Founda.tions in Brazil building will provide a suitable place REV. HERBERT S. HARRIS, Sec- for a night school for training Sun- retary of the Brazil Council of day School teachers, and for pre- Religious Education, tells his experi- seminary an:i general Bible courses ences in holding a series of Workers' for ministerial candidates and other Institutes in four places in the State workers.

of Minas Geraes, Brazil, under the general auspices of the Southern Conference in Salva.dor T Presbyterian Church: HE missionaries of the Central "Formiga, Campo Bello and Olive- American Mission in Salvador ira are comparatively new fields, and came together October 15-17 at Cojute- Sunday School work there is of an peque for their first missionary con-

ference, and correspondence indicates convenient school where boarders are a happy and profitable season of fel- entertained. The present number lowship. A full schedule of plans and maintained by the Orphanage is problems was handled most effectively, eighty-eight. Many of these children and all present felt loads lightened and have come from Christian homes, but zeal renewed as situations in the indi- those who have not, as well as those vidual fields were discussed with fel- who have, are being won to Christ.

low-workers, and then were unitedly Many are training for Christian servo carried to the throne of grace. Mr. ice.-Missions.

Bender presided over the sessions and Mr. A. Roy MacN aught brought the Children's Week In Ceylon C devotional messages which proved re- HILDREN'S Week was observed in Ceylon under the general direcfreshing to the entire group.

Perhaps the most far-reaching thing tion of the Ceylon Sunday School accomplished was the formation of a Union. The purpose was for special Field Committee for more systematic spiritual attention to the needs of the and efficient managing of mission af- children, and to prepare them for defi- fairs in the whole Republic. Such nite decisions. It was also hoped that committees are already operating in the observance of this week would Guatemala and Nicaragua, and have help in bringing the claims of the demonstrated the merits of the system. children to the attention of the This forward move in Salvador light- churches, and increase the interest of ens the burden in the home office and adults and parents in the religious will make for efficiency on the field. education of youth.

Mr. J. Vincent Mendis, General Sec- INDIA retary, reports: "During my visit to Child Marriage Bill the Tamil Country, the South India THE Legislative Assembly of India United Church in Jaffna (Ceylon) has passed a bill establishing a held their 'Children's Week' in adprison sentence of one month and a vance of the rest taking advantage of fine of 1,000 rupees ($360) for any- my visit there. It was a most inspir- one convicted of solemnizing the mar- ing period. I can never forget a riage of a girl under fourteen or of a prayer gathering I had with the senior boy under eighteen years of age. This girls of one of the big schools that will greatly aid in doing away with week. After an inspiring period of the unhappy conditions occasioned in conversation, everyone felt the prayer- India by the practice of child mar- ful atmosphere and I gave them the riage. It is estimated that there are opportunity of decision. Twenty defi- in India 8,500,000 wives and 3,000,000 nitely made the decision, including two husbands under fifteen years of age, girls who were Hindus. I had the op- and 400,000 child widows under fifteen. portunity of meeting these girls be- Although Gandhi and the Nationalists fore I left a few days- afterward, and have long favored raising the marriage I found them resolute in their deci- age, it is expected that there will be sion. The last day of Children's considerable opposition to the new law. Week there was a rally of 1,000 chil- dren and teachers. After returning Bunnans Support Orphana.ge from Jaffna I went to Galle (a tour T HE All Burma Baptist Orphanage, covering 150 miles) to spend a week- Moulmein, Burma, is supported by end with Sunday School teachers there the Christians of Burma. For some who have made a new start and years now only pukka orphans, chil- wanted special guidance. It was a dren who have lost both father and fruitful time and I felt that my visit mother, are being received. The chil- and the conference was of great as- dren are taken into the Ma On Home sistance to the young school of twelve at Moulmein, or are placed in the most teachers, most of them under 21, and

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

therefore raw in the work while most seven-inch water main a mile and a earnest in their activities." half long was laid at a cost to the mills of $12,000, so that every house could Sadhn Not Fonnd have its own water tap.-Christian Heraul. MR. C. E. RIDDLE, missionary in the northwest province of the Home Mission Society Punjab, writes of the mystery surrounding the disappearance of Sadhu SEVENTY-FIVE years ago the Ma- Sundar Singh: dura Mission of the American Board determined to do something "April 19 Sadhu Sundar Singh set quite on its own, so its Indian workers out to visit Tibetan Christians living and Christians formed an evangelical ten days' march east of Lake Manasa- society, started branch societies in rowar. He planned to return or to various centers and, with funds raised send back a messenger in July. As no by the Indian Christians themselves, word had come, Rev. C. E. Riddle of carried on evangelistic work. the New Zealand Presbyterian Mission and Dr. John C. Taylor of the Re- In its year of jubilee, 1904, the soformed Presbyterian Mission set out ciety changed its policy and its name. to search and followed the trail he was In the northern part of the district, to have taken as far as the Tibet where no evangelistic work had yet border, at the Hoti Pass (18,000 feet). been done, a tract of country about No trace was found of the Sadhu, and four hundred miles in area and with a it is feared that his health, which has population of some seventy-eight thounot been good for some years past, was sand was chosen as the field of real not equal to the severe strain, or that home missionary effort. These people he was a victim to a cholera epidemic are of the depressed and criminal which was raging along the Pilgrim castes, and are serfs on the lands of Line in May and June. If this had rich farmers. Much must be done for been the case it is unlikely that any their relief and uplift. This year is trace of him would be found, for the the Diamond Jubilee of the parent Nabodies of victims are at once thrown tive Evangelical Society and the Silver without identification into the salva- Jubilee of its child, The Madura Home tion-giving waters of the sacred Mission Society.-Missionary Herald. Ganges."

Building for Humanity WANTED-BOOKS FOR A MISSION I NDIA-believed by many Western LIBRARY nations to be almost hopelessly backward-has an industrial welfare At Penney Farms, Florida, is the experiment under way which would do home of nearly two hundred retired credit to a Detroit or a Gary. ministers, missionaries, and their wives, representing fourteen denomi- Seventeen thousand people of Nag- nations. This memorial community, pur are dependent upon the Empress with twenty-two apartment buildings Textile Mills, which are entirely Parsi in Norman architecture, is the gift of managed and owned. Eight thousand Mr. J. C. Penney. At the head of the of these are employees, many of whom plot is a stately chapel, with a wing formerly existed in windowless hovels, for a commodious library. It is which had to be entered on hands and equipped with books of general theoknees and unsanitary in the extreme. logical interest but lacking in the de- partment of Missions. If readers of The experiment of changing these THE MISSIONARY REVIEW have misconditions consists of setting aside II sionary books or magazines which large plot of ground upon which is be- they are willing to donate, they may ing built a model city for the indus- be sent to the Rev. Charles W. Blake, trial workers. On this plot fifteen hun- Memorial Library, Penney Farms. dred houses are being erectlid. A

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these coLumns will be forwarded by 1/,S on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Robert Morrison of China. By W. J. might have lengthened his time of Townsend. 12 mo. 184 pp. 28 6d service by twenty years, yet one must London. 1929. admit that his record of accomplish- ment in twenty-seven years is as long The out-of-date statistics of mis- as most men's record of fifty years. sions in China on the last page of this undated book indicate that it is a re- C. H. FENN. print of one published between 1880- 1890. The book, ostensibly written Freeman of Shanghai. By F. Booth especially for "the young of our Tucker. 12 mo. 224 pp. 58. London. churches and Sunday-schools," is as 1929. stilted and pedantic in style as if Albert L. Freeman was a prominent written in the days of Robert Morrison himself. Christian layman who lived in Shang- hai for ten years in the middle of the In spite of these blemishes, the pub- nineteenth century. In 1858 he became lishers have rendered a good service American Vice-Consul at Shanghai. in publishing, in a cheap yet substan- He was soundly converted at the age tial form, such missionary biographies of nineteen and his life story shows as this of the pioneer of Protestant how effective a Christian layman can missions in China. The story is told be on the mission field though not graphically and forcibly and brings designated as a missionary. He died into clear light the consecration, the in Bath, England, in 1871 at the age indomitable energy, the linguistic and of only thirty-seven. His life was full diplomatic ability, and the remarkable of interest and adventure and this accomplishments during this man's biography is essentially a human docualmost unremitting service of twenty- ment with a Christian message.

seven years. In spite of Chinese Highways and Byways in Japan. By Lois prohibitions of instruction in the Johnson Erickson. 136 pp. $1.50. Re- Chinese language, he became in a few veil. New York. 1929.

years the greatest master of Chinese Like a Burton Holmes travelogue are speech and literature then in China, these sketches of life by a country mis- compiled a great Chinese-English Dic- sionary in Japan. The varied experitionary, translated the entire Bible ences of Mrs. Erickson could be into Chinese and issued many tracts matched by many another missionary, and books. Compelled to labor for but few would be able to tell about seven years before baptizing his first them in such picturesque yet unaf- convert, his faith yet looked forward fected language. Many years ago Dr. confidently to the "millions who shall M. L. Gordon wrote the classic en- come and be saved," of whom Tsae- titled, "An American Missionary in Ako was the lone "first-fruits." His Japan." Mrs. Erickson's little volume sturdy Scotch ancestry and his single- is less pretentious, but it brings Dr.

ness of purpose held him to his dif- Gordon's book up to date by presenting ficult course "in spite of men and a film of missionary service, grave and devils," and feel as one may that a gay, since the World War.

less strenuous use of day and night, The sketch entitled, "Japan Welwork periods and rare furloughs, comes the Friendship Dolls," would 158

BOOKS WORTH READING

make interesting reading for many a journey by easy stages; from the easy young people's meeting or church· stages to the automobile sold on easy school. Varied as are these sketches, payments; from the Assyrian tablet one wishes they might have been com- to the American tabloid; from the plemented by descriptions of the ac- poisoned arrow to poisoned gas and tivities of representative Japanese from the kite to the flying machine."

Christians; for example, Toyohiko A. H. McKINNEY.

Kagawa, who was himself led to Christ in the very city where the Ericksons The Hope of. Israel-What Is IU By Phil- ip Mauro. 261 pp. $2. Hamilton live. GALEN M. FISHER. Brothers. Boston. 1929.

The Making of a Great Race. Edward A. The author is a lawyer and a mem- Steiner. pp. 192. $1.75. Revell. New ber of the bar of the United States York. 1929. Supreme Court. He is a diligent and This book is recommended to every devout Bible student. He has written student of the development of the much, and always with thoroughness, United States, especially to those who spiritual insight, and an amazing fa- have imagined that the last word on miliarity with the Bible. In this book this subject was printed in "Babbitt" he vigorously opposes the conception or "Main Street." "I believe," says that Jewish nationalism has any foun- the author, "in a comparatively short dation in Scripture. He argues that time, as one measures history, the it was the current notion of orthodox varied racial groups will be absorbed Judaism in Christ's day that the com- into a cultural, though not a complete ing Messiah was to reconstitute the racial unit." Jewish nation and elevate it to the One who is acquainted with Dr. highest pinnacle of earthly dominion Steiner's other books and with his and glory; and that because Christ work in Grinnell College takes up this repudiated such a notion, he incurred new volume with awakened interest. the enmity of the Jewish leaders of his Nor is he disappointed, for it is writ- time by declaring that this "kingdom ten in a picturesque style and with an is not of this world," and that he was insight and fairness that compel inter- to be a king not in an earthly sense, est and respect for the w;iter and the but in the realm of the spirit. And subject which he skillfully handles. they crucified Him.

With the mind of a master historian This is one of the most challenging and the pen of a facile writer, Dr. books that has appeared for Tllany a Steiner, after suggesting the question: day. By a constant appeal to Scrip- "Is America Growing Old?" introduces ture, the author has called in question the reader to "The Myth of the Great· one of the widely accepted fundamen- Race," and in successive chapters con- tals of dispensational teaching. It siders Jewish, Roman Catholic and involves our understanding of Old Tes- Protestant culture as contributing to tament prophecy, and it also presents the coming homogeneity of the present the work of Jewish evangelization diverse races that inhabit but have not from an entirely different angle.

yet become united in this country. He J. S. CONNING.

concludes that "mankind, on the whole, is still primitive in spite of the fact Steeple lim. W. Wyeth Willard. 301 pp. that its birthdays are supposed to be Princeton Publishing House, Princeton.

a million. It is hypnotized by prog~ Steeple Jim is the story of a miracle ress, which it measures from the cliff- of grace. James A. Parker, son of a dwelling to the apartment hotel; from sea captain, born and reared on the the primitive man who wore the raw North Atlantic Coast, early in life skin of the coon to the raccoon over- manifested the wild spirit that char- coat of the collegian; from the burden acterized nearly all of his mature years.

.on a man's (or woman's) back to the An enemy of society, he dropped into

the Doyer Street Mission on his way sionary history has ever been pro- to suicide at Brooklyn Bridge, to be duced. It contained many biograpical met and gloriously saved by Christ. studies which are masterpieces, and its "That night on the 27th of July, 1923, accounts of great movements like the The Fighting Brute died, and by the Indian Mutiny and the Taiping Re- Spirit there was born to the world a bellion are unsurpassed. Miss Gol- babe of Jesus Christ, James Parker, lock's sketch is thoroughly sympathetic evangelist and steeple Jack. Gone and intelligent, but hardly adequate to were his drunken days, gone were his the real greatness of the man·-and his wicked deeds." In the five and a half work. R. E. S.

years of life that remained, Jim made what restitution he could and gave Democracy and Mission Education in Ko- rea. By James Ernest Fisher, Ph.D. himself utterly to a living testimony 187 pp. $1.75. Bureau of Publications. Teachers College. Columbia Univerto the Lord who had redeemed him. sity. New York. 1928.

At Rescue Missions in Brooklyn and The author, who is Professor of Education in Chosen Christian College, Providence, he sought his old compan- Korea, completed this study during graduate work at Teachers College, ions in sin as trophies for his Lord. New York. The volume begins with a statement of the basic assumptions As a story of transformation, Steeple underlying modern conceptions of democracy in education. Following Jim ranks with "Hadley of Water this the author undertakes a fourfold purpose: to draw up criteria for de- Street" and Harold Begbie's "Twice fining democratic education; to study Born Men." It out-trotters Mel Trot- ter. Artlessly written, the book is great only because of the greatness of Jim's life story, which is highly veri- fied and largely told in Jim's own words. R. C. WILLIAMSON.

The Drama of Christianity. By S. L. Mor- the dominant aims of mission educa- ris, D.D., L.L.D. 147 pp. Presbyterian tion in Korea in .the light of these Committee of Publication. Richmond. This is an interesting interpretation criteria; to study the problems aris- ing through governmental control of of the Apocalypse by the Secretary of mission education and suggest means Home Missions of the Southern Pres- of adjustment more in keeping with a 'byterian Church. It has already found democratic tReory of education; and, such favor that a second edition is lastly, to study the relation of mission now in press. It is a thoughtful dis- education to certain life problems of cussion of the Book of Revelation the Korean people and suggest methwhich, as the author justly observes, ods of adjustment more in harmony is "a sealed book to a multitude of with a democratic theory of education. earnest Christians." To carry out this last purpose there is a discussion of the relation of mission Eugene Stock. By Georgina A. Gollock. education to political and economic 198 pp. 38. 6d. The Church Mission- problems, and to indigenous Korean ary Society. London. culture. The problem of adjustment Eugene Stock was one of the noblest, between missionary and national work- truest missionary leaders of the last ers and the conflict between intellec- half century. He was Editorial Secre- tual liberalism and religious authori- tary of the Church Missionary Society, tativism in Korea are also treated.

but he was far more. He was a stu- While this volume is a study of a spe- dent of missionary principles and pol- cific Korean situation, western edu- icy, a wise counsellor, a real statesman, cators should be interested in it as an a convincing public advocate, and a illustration of the application of Pro- noble Christian man. His greatest fessor Dewey's philosophy of education piece of work was the History of the to an oriental situation. The book can Church Missionary Society in four be strongly recommended to mission- volumes. No comparable piece of mis- ary educators in all parts of the world,.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1924

A LIVE-WIRE

DR. S. M. ZWEMER, editor of The Moslem ~orbon IV orld, who has recently heen conducting confm'ences in Egypt,Palestine, Mesopo- v~ tamia and India, is due to arrive in the United States early in September. He will deliver a special course of lectures at . . . Princeton Theological SeminarY', hefore he returns to Egypt next year.

REV. FRANK G. RAWLINSON, editor-in·chief of th" Chine,," Recorder, has recently returned to America on furlough. He is a missionary of the Presbyterian Church, North_ HI':V. CHAIU.E'; I~. HURLBURT, General Di- AGraduate School of Therector of the Africa Inland Mission, is i~ ology of high scholastic America after II two years period of in- standards and evangelical tensive work on the field.

REV. P. O. PHILIP has been appointed loyalty. Degree of B.D. joint Indian Secretary of the National Christian Council of India. He is a Syrian Theological, Missionary, Reli- Christian from Travancore, and for some gious- Educational College years has heen General Se-cretary of the Na- course of four years, college tional Missionary Society of India. standards, broad curriculum. Degree of Th.D. * .. * NATHAN R. WOOD, PTuiclent DR. JA1IIES H. DILLARD, President of the .Teanes and the Slater Funds (for Negro GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY education), and a member nf the Phelps- AND MISSIONS Stokes Commission to Africa, has recently returned to America from a visit to Love- Boaton, Mass. dale Institute, South Africtl. MISS E. A. GoRDON, of the United Free **• Chure.h of Scotland Mission at Poona, India., is to devote the next two years to the work JOHN H. lliRRIS, Organizing Secretary of of the National Clu'istian C<>unciL the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society, and formerly a missionary on the • Congo, has been elected to a seat in the British Parliument. MISS MARGARET BONDFIELD, M.P., "the first woman to oec-upy a post in the ministry * directing Britain's parliamentary policy," is a sister of Dr. Bondfleld, Secretary of the DR.. RoBERT LAWS, of the Livingstonia British and Foreign Bible Society. She pre- Mission on Lake Nyasa, received on his re- sided at one of the rBeent anniversary meetcent birthday the decoration of Companion ings of the London Missionary Society. of the Order of St. Michael and St. George, the Actin!,! Governor making a spedal trip DR.. FRANK A. SMITH, pastor of the Cento Livingstonia to confer the honor. tral Baptist Church, Elizabeth, New Jersey, has been elected Secretary of the American MISS CHARLESANNA RUSTON of Phila' Baptist Home Mission Society. delphia, who died in the snmmer, bequeathed nearly $600,000 for missionary and welfare OBITUARY work in various parts of the world, $150,000 of this amount going to the China Inland DR.. NOBLE LEE RoOKEY, a missionary of Mission. the Methodist Episcopal Church in North Jndia for forty years, died in BareiIly, India ** on June 19th, after a long period of illness. Dr. Rockey was born tn Colnmbus, Ohio, HUBERT W. PEET, an experienced Chris- sixty-seven years ago, was married to Miss tian journalist, has been placed in charge of Nettie M. Hadsell with whom he went ant to tlw press bureau of the Conference of Mis- India in 1884, and became one of the most sionary Societies in Great Britain. useful missionaries in southern Asia. For twenty-eight years he edited India Chudren's * Frie'r;cl, and wrote many articles in the Indian Witn'e88, Sunday-sehool papers and REV. W. C. POOI"F., Ph.D., of London was other periodicals. elected President of the WQrld's Sunday School Association at the recent convention in Glasgow.

MISS KATHRYN NEWELL ADAMS was inaugurated president of Constantinople College for 'Nomen on June 9th. She succeeds Dr. Mary Mills Patrick who has been head of the institution for many years.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the WorId DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJllol CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1924 Page FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DR. H. V. S. PEEKE,. A MIBSIONARY TO JAPAN EDITORIALS …………………………………………………….. 669 WHAT ]1oR]1;ION S1'UDENTS ARE READI:<G THE OUTLOOK FOR lil~~IONS IN UNREST AND PWPAGARDA IN GHINA TURKEY THE JAPANESE AND THE SOCIAL EVil. ZIONIs'rs IN PALESTINE l't,EVIVAL OF OLD RELIGIONS IN JAPA" . . . . . . . . . . . . RORF.&T C. ARMSTRONG 67) Evidences of re!lived acNvit)/ on the part of Buddhi,gts, Confuci(mi,sts a~ld ShAnto followers in the Japanese Empire and the ;,njluMC'e of Chrw.tian mission".

THE JAPANESE PROBLEM AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS …… E. H. ZAUGG (j85 A missianarY'$ view of the influence of the race que~tion an'd the E:wlu.o;;mo Act on the message and .vor].; of the Chri.qtian mi".o;;onar)! vn .JapOlTl.

JAPANESE IN AMERICA AND THE EXCLUSION I,AW …… KENGO TAJIMA 691 The view of a Japanese Christian in Amer'iC"a as to the in,flttcnac of the Ex'

clusio7/J Au/; .on the Japanese.

WHAT LAYMEN DO IN KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WILLIAM N. BLAIR 693 An a(}(Jount of the remarkable in'f!1NJnce and many·s'ded activities of Christian men in KoreOlfb religious and ed"eational war].;.

A CHURCH INVIGORATOR, EARLE D. SIMS ……………….. COE HAYNE 698 The 8tO"1l of the "nique type of work in Western towns l;y a Baptist evangelist who is also handy ,,'U'h ham,mer, saw and paint brush.

ALBERl' NORTON OF INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,TORN E. NORTON 702 The story of 011' 'independ,cnt missionary who has .pent half" century in India a.nd has done a remm'kable wor].; for or/,han c/,ildrrn.

INTO AFGHANISTAN AT LAST . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . DWIGHT M. DONALDSON 703 A Beries of letters from (], Presbyterian missionary who has recently 8u(J{)eeaed in enterin./} Afghanistan from Eastern Persid with the consent of the Moslem rulers.

A VISIT TO T1{E AFGHAN FRONTIER …………………. EUGENE STOCK 709 A", M'count of the visit of a mi..s;onary secretary to the Indian frontier of the Forbidden Lan,d, and a description, of tchat he saw there.

THE POWER OF CHRIST IN MISSIONS TODAY .. PERSIS CORNISH VAN HOF..sEN 713 The report of the recent conference of the Internationa.l Missi-aruvry Uniml at Cl'ifto'n Springs, New York. Messa.ges of mi..sionaries trom all palis of the world.

BEST METHODS FROM SUMMER CONFERENCES, EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 726 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN, EDITED BY THI<: 734 CoUNOIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND THE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARD OF FORE/.GN MISSIONS.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………………………….. "……… 742 T1{E MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………. 757 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single eopies, 25 cents. PublUihed monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY RBVmw PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert E. Speer. PreSIdent Wlllam I. Chamberlain. Vice-PreSIdent Delavan L. Pterson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer publication omce. 8d It; ReliT SU., Harrisburg. Pac 25c a COPT $2.50 a year Edltorl.l and Business Office. 156 Fltth Avenue. New York CltT mllt…..d •• • """n4-cl….. matter at the Post Office. HarrIsburg, Pa.. under Act of March 8, 18711. REV. HARMON VAN SLyeK PEEKE, D.D. OF JAPAN A T the time of the great earthquake in Japan last September Dr. Pecke was one of the first missionaries to arrive in Tokyo and to report to the missionaries still absent at the hill stations and to the Boards at home the extent and character of the destruetion both in Tokyo and Yokohama. While the earth was still quaking and the fires Wf're burning he walked by night from Tokyo to Yokohama, about twellty-nve miles. Arriving at Yokohama, he made hasty notes of his observations and went at once to a steamer in the harbor where he mailed his notes. These were the first of any extent to reach America. It was an achievement of which a much younger missionary might well have been proud. He was also very active in the work of' relief of earthquake sufferers.

Harmon Van Slyck Peeke was born in New York State in 1866; was graduated from Hope College in 1887, and studied in the New Brunswick and 1.uburn Theological Seminaries. Between his Collegiate and Theological courses he was a teacher of English in schools in Japan for three years under appointment by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America, one of the first to be so appointed as a short term missionary teacher by any of the Boards. He entered upon regular missionary service in ,Japan in 1893.

Dr. Peeke, although only fifty-seven years of age, is one of the senior missionaries in Japan of the Reformed Church in America.

While in America on one of his furloughs Dr. P.eeke served as Professor in Biblical Subjects in Park College, Mo. In more recent years Dr. Peeke has been on the staff of Meiji Gakuin, the Reformed-Presbyterian College at Tokyo.

:lfost of Dr. Peeke's time has been given in the field of direct evangelism, preaching in Japanese villages and cities ann caring for infant Japanese churches. He is a master of the Japanese language, being one of the few missionaries who can read a Japanese newspaper of the classical type with freedom and ease. His familiarity with the Japanese literature was recognized by his being appointed Acting General Secretary of the Christian IJiterature Society of Ja:pan during the furlough of the permanent Secretary. He has also done important work as a teacher and author, having prepared booklets on Japanese Language Study, and an important work on "Six Thousand Chinese Characters," and a "First Reader for Home Stlloies" of the Japanese Language.

(Sf'e over)

H. V. S. PEEKE, D.O., AN AMERICAN MISSIONARY IN JAPAl'

(See over–page 667)

THE MIS-SIONARY

VOL. SEPTEMBER, 1924 NUMBER XLVII NINE WHAT FOREIGN STUDENTS ARE READING T HE character of the generation of tomorrow is largely de- termined by the reading of the youth of today. Should we be satisfied or disturbed by what the present generation feeds upon? The July number of l'he Student World is devoted to the subject of the type of literature that is attracting students of various lands. In Russia, says V. ~'. Martin Kovsky, the students are turning to Carl Marx, Engels, LaSalle and other writers on materialistic socialism; also to Kropotkin and other anarchists and communists. The most disturbing evidence, however, is perhaps the drift toward irreligion and anti-religion. Not only are the youth questioning the foundations of ethics and of faith in God but multitudes are rejecting them. The coming generation is being purposely educated by the state to discard faith in God and His laws. Religion is combated as antagonistic to the Bolshevist ideals. Books like "The God Jesus," by a Polish author, are widely circulated. They deny the historicity of J e'sus and the validity of His claims. The fact that much of Russia's religions faith has been based on superstition, rather than on the Bible or on personal experience, accounts for the havoc that such books make among the present generation. Atheism is preached as a new religion. In a book on "Communism and Christianism" the author proposes to worship Labor, and even prays to it. The percentage of anti-religious books has been increasing year by year. There is also a large demand for books on art, with the idea that" Beauty will save the world." Russian and French classics are read, some idealistic and other materialistic. Christian literature, where read, exerts a far more abiding influence than atheism, which fails to satisfy. The ultimately victorious book is the Gospel of Christ.

In Japan, writes Takeshi Saito, the youth are much given to introspection, but pride of intellect results in skepticism and intro- 669 spection does not lead to action. Many follow the school of naturalistic writers and false religion such as Shimazaki, Masamune and Hyakuzo Kurata. The desire for action on the part of Japanese leads many to a deep interest in social service. The most popular and helpful Christian writer is Toyohiko Kagawa whose books have had a remarkable sale. Most of the Japanese students, says Miss Michi Kawai, .are careless and aimless in their reading, which is detrimental to any constructive thinking. The earthquake seems to have divided the people into two classes-the careless materialists and those who are sobered and have spiritual aims. "Our great prayer is that many strong Christian writers will come forward to lead our young people to The Way, The Truth and The Life."

In China, says P. C. Hsii, the anti-Christian movement of 1922 has really benefited students by deepening their interest in Christianity. While many materialistic and socialistic books are read, the opposition to Christianity was based on the idea that it is unscientific, militaristic and a hindrance to free thought. These charges have been proven false by articles and books that have been eagerly read by multitudes of students.

UNREST AND PROPAGANDA IN CHINA T HE present unrest in China is so deep and so widespread that all parts of the land and all classes of Chinese are di- rectly affected. Formerly one wondered at the way in which serious disturbances in one part of the land were regarded by the Chinese in other sections as none of their business. At the time of the Boxer Movement, the presence of foreign troops and their military operations in the north were of little interest to the people further south.

Since the establishment of the Republic, the unity of the nation has been strongly emphasized (though at the same time it is little realized). All parts of the land and all classes, both Chinese and foreigners, are deeply affected by the so general unrest. As is to be expected, different reasons are given for this condition of things. The distinguished Chinese guest as he travels in foreign lands seeks to create the impression that this unrest is only a passing phase, to be expected at a change from the monarchy. But it is serious and the chief cause seems to be the usurpation of power by military leaders, whose love for position and money is only equalled by their lack of real love for their country. Their rule is marked by excessive and illegal taxation and lack of justice. Tenure of office is uncertain and is too frequently held by force or bribery. Cabinet ministers are mere puppets in the hands of a military faction. Thus respect is lost not only for the so-called central government but for all government. The business class feels the paralyzing effect of

1924J EDITORIAL COMMEN'l'S

such conditions and capital is forced to hide from the confiscatory methods of rulers and robbers. With travel unsafe and transportation of merchandise insecure, trade is greatly affected.

The effect of this unrest and insecurity on missionary work is twofold. Travel is restricted and the missionary's passport which formerly gave him the right to reside in and travel through any part of China has now several pages attached showing in what districts travel is forbidden because of the unrest. There is also the possibility of disorder breaking out in other districts where travel is permitted, with the consequent danger to life and liberty. The shooting and capture of missionaries is getting to be so common that such occurrences cause little comment. As a result colportage work has been seriously interfered with and for the past year the Religious Tract Society for China shows a great falling off in circulation.

On the other hand, however, reports indicate that God is using the present uncertainty as to life and the losses suffered by multitudes of Chinese to touch many hearts and make them feel the need of the Gas-pel of comfort. Many are finding by experience that Christ sustains them and gives them the assurance of Eternal Life. This brings a peace, a joy, a power, a satisfaction that no temporal unrest or insecurity can take away.

Many intelligent observers believe that one of China's chief dangers is due to the Soviet propaganda emanating from Moscow. A prominent writer calls attention to a recent Agreement of farreaching significance that will undoubtedly have tremendous effect on Eastern politics. While one of the articles of this Agreement hetween Russia and China states that neither contracting party shall do anything to interfere with the system of government in the other country, still the record of the Soviets for such interference in many countries is so well known (despite the fair promises) that suspicion is aroused as to their designs on China. The unrest in China, the inefficient government, the suffering people, the revolutionary spirit of the student class, all combine to form a peculiarly favorable soil for Soviet seed.

Not long ago a Bible Society was astounded to find that extra leaves had been secretly inserted by revolutionary propagandists in many of its gospel portions. This Bolshevistic literature is being printed and distributed both at Shanghai and as far into the interior as Changsha. The Canton government is also credited with similar activity. The rulers of Mongolia, until recently under the control of Russia, have imbibed Soviet teaching, and not long ago turned out of Mongolia the only band of Christian missionaries working there. All literature containing the name of God or references to Providence was also confiscated.

Some see in the Soviet influence in China the begi:qning- of the

lining up of China with Soviet Russia to fulfil the Biblical prophecy concerning the Last Days. However this may be, there is much need for prayer on behalf of China's four hundred millions, that the work of their evangelization may not be hindered but may be speedily brought to completion. . M. B. B.

THE JAPANESE AND THE SOCIAL EVIL W HEN the earthquake destroyed thousands of lives and mil- lions of dollars worth of property last September it com- pletely wiped out the Y oshiwara or prostitutes' quarter in Tokyo. Many hoped that this great disaster might lead the Japanese officials to listen to the appeal of Christians, and others interested in moral reform, to prevent the rebuilding of this pest-house of immorality. The Japanese National Woman's Christian Temperance Union and other Christian Japanese have been especially active in the matter. Petitions were sent to the Government against the rebuilding of the Yoshiwara where hundreds of poor girls lost their lives in the fire following the earthquake. Public meetings were also held to denounce the present system of licensed prostitution; many eminent physicians made strong pleas showing how syphilis, one of ,Japan's deadliest enemies, is rapidly spreading because of the licensed vice. Kagawa, the well-known Christian socialist, made a strong appeal for temperance and purity. About 1,500 petitions are known to have been circulated and copies were sent to Baron Goto, the Minister of the Interior. Many leading men in the city were interviewed and some of them sent telegrams to the Government in Tokyo, urging the Government not to allow the rebuilding of the Y oshiwara. A special convention of the W. C. T. U. was held in Tokyo, while the Diet was in session, to work and pray for the closing of the Y oshiwara. Public meetings were held, members of the Diet were personally interviewed, and it was found that a majority of them were in favor of closing. Unfortunately, however, the matter was left to a committee and was not brought to an issue. While churches, schools and other uplifting agencies are halted in reconstruction work for lack of funds, the "Prostitutes' quarter" is quickly rebuilt in more alluring form than before.

Alfred E. Pieres, in the North-China Daily News, tells of a visit to the newly rebuilt Yoshiwara that indicates how slow the Japanese are to give up this institution, which is essentially heathen, whether found in Japan, in India, in Europe or in America. At least in Christian countries the evil is not defended by religious leaders. Mr. Pieres writes: People have expressed astoni.shment at the rapid manner in which Tokyo has been, and is being, rebuilt. These, however, have referred to the busineSSI and residential portions of the city. They must, however, pay a visit to the Yoshiwara (Tokyo's main redlight district) and their astonishment would.

1924J 1<JDI'l'OHIAL OOMMEN'l'S

increase a thousandfold. There is no part of deBtroyed Tokyo that has. been resurrected so artistically, so effectively and so thoroughly as the Yoshiwara.

grin A policeman condescended to leave hhtisthoaffticitahlessehelqtueer earndf~rweiigthnerasbvroisaidt occasioned perhaps by the thoug "Nightless Cities" by day, escorted us to the main entrance to the officially segregated district.

Our steps first took us towards the large pond, situated in the shadow of multifarious tutelary gods and goddesses sacred to the courtesans, where hundreds of girls perished on that terrible afternoon of September 1st. A granite stone, with Chinese ideographs carved on it roughly, recalls the tragedy to those able to read the characters. On the stone is a brazier and the smok-e of incense rises intermittently-let us suppose it is a tribute to those un- fortunate girls.

The houses in which are now quartered other courtesans-there seems to have been no difficulty in securing women for this degrading "necessity"- are some of the finest in Tokyo, certainly much finer than the domiciles erected for the people. The "barracks" put up for the homeless are worse -than pigs'

styes compared to these.

The wooden floors have been polished until one can Sf'e one's reflection in them; trees have been planted giving the place a sense of quiet and dignity; the streets are straight, clean and broad-something not yet seen in important portions of co.mmercial and industrial Tokyo. The houses are artistically constructed, with that blending of Chinese and native Japanese architecture that makes Japanese houses so picturesque.

In front of each house sit two men zealously scanning every passerby with furtive eye. "Business is now flourisbing," they say with satisfaction.

Not all Japanese endorse this manner of re-building the capital-of begin- ning with the Yoshiwara first. The Buddhists are beginning to ask-happy augury-whether it is necessary that the task of clearing society of the evils of alcohol and prostitution should be left to Christians alone, for these were two of the weaknesses of mankind that the Buddha condemned in no less peremptory and condemnatory a manner than did ,Tesus Christ. Keepers of these dens in Kyoto and Osaka have summoned a meeting to discuss what steps should be taken to prevent Christians and Christian missionaries from jeop- ardizing their "trade," and now there is need for a union of zealous Buddhists and fervent Christians to rid the land of public prostitution, which works infinite harm to the spiritual and educational culture of the Japanese.

:According to its 1920 statistics, the Japanese Government admits that there were 189,526 women and girls in licensed vice slavery that year-a unique condition among the leading nations. The Friend of Japan, which quotes these figures, goes on to say: "Each of the four districts of Osaka has its own licensed quarter. To a stranger approaching those in the northern part of the city the place would appear like a huge prison, as the segregated district is surrounded with massive granite walls, that reach to the roofs of the second story of the houses that stand near by. These licensed quarters are under government control. Inside these four walls are hundreds of girls captives to a life of sin, shame, and utter degradation. Though there are one or two emergency exits from this prison-like city, there is only one general entrance, guarded by policemen. Such is the system under the laws from which Japan receives a large revenue

'l'IIE MISSIONARY m~VIEW Ol!' TIn: WOULD [Scptelllbel'

in taxes every year. This is the sort of place that was first given permission to rebuild after the earthquake."

Evidently there is still need for Christian missionary work in Japan. Without accepting Christ's ideals and without taking Him as "the Way, the Truth and the Life" there is no hope for the regeneration of society.

OUTLOOK FOR MISSIONARY WORK IN TURKEY NEVER have Christian missions faced conditions more baffling and yet pregnant with potentialities of good than those con- fronting us in the Near East today. ..L staggering blow was struck when the Lausanne Conference, in 1923, put the stamp of its approval upon the "exchange of populations," giving Turkey the right to remove Armenians and Greeks from her country, and giving Greece the right to do the same with Turkish populations in Greece and Macedonia. In Constantinople the Greeks were to be allowed to remain, provided the Turks were not expelled from western Thrace. Under this arrangement only a few scattering Christians remain in Turkey outside of Constantinople.

Since those connected with the Protestant missions in all parts of the country were largely Armenians and Greeks, the large work under the American Board met with a severe setback. The great majority of the pnpils in mission schools, patients in mission hospitals, nearly the entire body of membership in the evangelical churches, from the Bosphorus to Persia, were Armenians and Greeks. Most of the teachers in mission schools were from these two races, supplemented by American missionaries. These schools have been depopulated both of pupils and of teachers, except for the Americans and a very few Turks. In the Constantinople area, Armenians, Greeks and Turks are still living side by side, and the schools are flourishing with a mixed clientele.. Robert College, the Constantinople College for Girls, the Bithynia High School at Geuz Tepe, the mixed school in Gedik Pasha, Miss Kinney's School for Girls in Scutari, and the School of Religion, are all in full operation. The missionaries in Marsovan are in friendly relations with the local populations, and the school in Brousa, the two schools in Smyrna (International College for boys and the Collegiate Institute for girls), medical work and a small school work in Talas, the educational and medical work in Adana, the medical work at Aintab, and the work at Marash are still in operation, some of these under quite limited conditions. The educational work in Tarsus and Marash is halted at present because of a difference of understanding between the officials and the missionaries in charge. Missionaries have withdrawn from Sivas and Harpoot, as well as from Erzroom, Trebizond, Van and Bitlis. The work at Mardin was transferred to the Presbyterian Board of Missions four years ago.

EDITORIAL G'OMMENTS

Missionary work in Turkey is contending with many handicaps for the Angora National Assembly has made regulations to the effect that no religion of any kind shall be taught in a school recognized by the Government. These regulations apply, not only to the national schools, as in America, but also to all private institutions. This is where the law is different from that in America. '1'he Turks allow religion to be taught in buildings set apart for religious purposes, but such buildings cannot be a part of any school.

The medical work is handicapped because the Grand General Assembly decided that no foreigner can be allowed to practice medicine in Turkey, except that doctors who had received a license to practice in Turkey prior to the war shall be allowed to continue under the old regulation. The National Medical University in Oonstantinople has graduated many doctors who reside in the larger cities of Turkey, and who are naturally jealous of foreign doctors who, they maintain, because of the fact of their being foreigners, may lure patients away from them.

Armenian and Greek teachers, upon whom the missions and the schools in Turkey were largely dependent, have disappeared from all areas outside of the Oonstantinople region, thus making it imperative that the staff of American teachers be increased until from the present schools there can be raised up a group of dependable native teachers. The Turks will not consent to having their children taught by Armenians and Greeks, even could Armenians and Greeks live in the country.

The Grand General Assembly is naturally suspicious of the work of foreign teachers, doctors and missionaries. It is difficult for Turks to understand the altruistic motive that has established Ohristian mission schools in their midst and brought in the Americans, al1d there is a spirit of jealousy which puts under a considerable handicap all forms of missionary work.

There are, however, some encouraging features in the situation. The mass of the Turkish people and the best educated of the leaders feel the need of American schools and American philanthropic institutions. They have seen the great advance made by the Armenians and Greeks through their wide patronage of American institutions during the last generation, and they covet this same opportunity for their own young men and women. ,"'hile some of the more fanatical are suspicious and eager to curtail the work of American institutions, the great mass of the people desire them to continue and are eager to patronize them. A broad field is opening in Turkey for American schools along the line of modern agriculture. Intelligent leaders are conscious of the fact that it is through the development of her vast agricultural resources that Turkey is to become a self-supporting country. The International Oollege in Smyrna started an agricultural department

'rUE lIUSSIONAIW REVIEW 01<' THE WORLD

prior to the war. This department is now looked upon with high favor by the Turkish officials, and it is reasonable to expect that similar departments at Aintab, Marsovan and other places will meet with general approval.

With the revival of the spirit of natioualism, the Turks are becoming increasingly conscious of their lack of international experience, ideas and ideals. Their national press is awakening to this lack and the Turks are eager for information. This opens the door wide for the creation and dissemination of an educational, social, moral and religious literature in the Turkish language. The Bible, already translated into Turkish and Arabic, cannot fail to have a rapidly increased circulation throughout the Near East.

Turkish clubs are being formed for mutual improvement. This grows out of present conditions and a consciousness of a lack of general education and an awakening conception of nationalism and internationalism. The leadership of a foreigner is welcomed, and, while direct religious propaganda is excluded, an unlimited opportunity is afforded for contacts which will disarm suspicion and demonstrate to the Turks the underlying principles of our Christian faith. In these clubs any topic can be presented under the title of a lecture.

Many Turkish young men are also eager to know more about Christianity, its history, its content and its claims. Already the interest of the young Turk in religion is becoming increasingly manifest. Questions are being raised as to the eomparative merits of Mohammedanism and Christianity, questions which he himself cannot answer. Many are seeking personal conversation with missionaries on the subject of religion in general as well as of personal religion. There is every reason to expect that this spirit of inquiry will increase as friendly contacts increase, and as the young men, and the young women, too, realize the difference between the two religions.

In the past Turks have been suspicious of anything that seemed like an attempt to proselyte. They avoid Christian services and are constantly warned against the influence of missionaries. This has been carried to such an extent that when a Turk heats the name of Christ mentioned or a plea in favor of Christianity, it arouses keen opposition and makes unavailable any message that may be delivered. There is every reason to believe that under the present regulations, where there is to be in the schools no reading of Scripture, no prayer, no singing of Christian hymns, no Christian symbols, gradually this opposition will die down, and the relation between the Turkish pupil and his Christian teacher will become more normaL In other words, the habitual attitude of resistance will decrease. The Christian teacher in the Turkish school, from which religious instruction is excluded by law, will inIpress upon his pupils those principles which lie at the very foundation of our Christian thinking and Christian

192<lJ F,DITORIAL (JONIMEN'l'S

. living. The missionary will thus have opportunity to build Christian character into the lives of his Turkish pupils.

The missionary work in the Near East is not by any means ended. This may be but the beginning of a new era. The American Board entered the Near East with the Mohammedan populations as a goal, mentioned ahead of the Armenians and the Greeks. That funda- mental purpose has never been changed. Large quantities of Chris- tian literature have been circulated among the Mohammedans, and especially the New Testament in the vernacular. These Testaments have been sold by the tens of thousands. By many proofs the mis- "ionaries are convinced that these books have been widely read, and are still treasured. Much good seed has been sown, but the constant restrictions placed upon the Turks, hitherto, have prevented public confession of Christianity, although there have been many open confessions of belief in Jesus Christ. The Nationalist Government declares, with reiterated emphasis, that there is to be absolute re- ligious liberty throughout the length and breadth of the land. There are many indications that this represents a purpose on the part of the leaders to make religion as free in Turkey as it is in the United States. The abolition of the Caliphate indicates the determination of the Government to be free from religions dictation.

Under this neW order we hope that the Turks, with whom the Christian teacher comes in contact, will be disarmed of resistance and that ultimately a door of approach to the Turkish heart will be open- ing wider and wider. To the Turks today actions will speak louder than words; the life of a missionary will have an influence far sur- passing any reading of Scripture, any public prayer, or any verbal message. Under these new regulations there may be discovered a way of Christian approach to the confidence and the hearts of the Turks which we would not have discovered if left to deal with this subject in our own traditional way.

ZIONISTS IN PALESTINlii Z IONISM is the burning question in the Holy Land. Great Britain, in her desperate straits during the War, made two contradictory promises that are bearing hard fruit in Zion these davs. The first promise was to King Hussein of Mecca promiRiug independence to the Arab countries (of which Palestine was one) if they would throw in their lot with the Allies, which they did. The other promise, made to leading Jews in return for financial aid, was to the effect that England would view with favor the establishment .r of a National Home for the ew in PaleRtine. These contradictory promises have brought trouble, for after the War ];Jngland evidently forgot the first promise, set up a Jewish Governor in Palestine (Sir Herbert Samuel) and proceeded to give every encouragement to the

Zionist Muvement. The result has been that Moslems alld Christians of Palestine, numbering !.laro of the population, have united to pre- vent the Jews who are only 7% of the population, from gaining control of their land as is the purpose of the political Zionist. Here we have the uncanny sight of Moslems and Christians united against the Jew. Riot, murder and anarchy have resulted. In Jerusalem the streets Ilre at times patrolled by British soldiers in armored cars.

The political Zionist is without any religious motive whatsoever. In his pronouncements that he is going to take the land and put the Arab out, with his grasping Jewish habits given fuller rein by British gllns, there seems to be a national miscarriage of justice that no Christian can tolerate. The Moslems ask: "What right has the .Jewish minority of 7% to put us out of our land and our homes and rule us, when we Arabs have held Palestine longer than the Jew ever did?" A Moslem pamphlet, written by Sibley Jamal, whose name sounds distinctly Moslem, says: , 'Going back to the Old Testament, can Christians build from that a positive policy for restoring the Jews to Palestine in the form the Intern'ational Political Zionist desires? Certainly not. There is nothing in the Old Testament to warrant this. The one great burden of the Old Testament, as Christians believe, is the foreshadowing of the coming of the Messiah, which was fulfilled in Christ. This fact of Christ being the promised Messiah the Jews do not admit. Hence it follows that their interpretation of the Old Testament and its prophecies does not coincide with the interpretation which Christian people read into it. Now, if Jews and Christians differ on the most vital fact of which the Old Testament is the expression, why should Christians admit the minor teaching about 'Restoration' and the 'Promised Land,' which depends so largely on that main fact 7… For if it is not clear to the Jew that the Messiah has come, mueh more ambiguous are the prophecies on the fate of the land, the time of fulfilment, the method used, etc. To the Christians the Jews are no longer the Chosen People, and the promises made to the .Jews were transferred to them, the spiritual sons of Abraham."

There is no question but that the .Jew can make a gTeat contribution to Palestine. The finest colonies are Jewish, the best land is .Jewish, the only modern methods of farming in Zion are the Jewish methods. The Arabs are willing that the Jews should return and take their normal and proper place in the life of the country, but the .Jew wants to rule, and the Arab fears the grasping Jew just the same as Christians do in America, but with far more canse.

RrssELL * GALT.

–,;p;ofessor in the American University atCairo. MENDICANT BUDDHIST MONKS WITH BOWJ_S FOR MONEY ANiD BAGS FOR RICE The Revival of Old Religions in Japan BY REV. lWBEHT CORNELL ARMSTRONG, Jl1.A., PH.D., 'l'OKYO, JAPAN :MiBsiono.ry of th o :Methodi st Churd. of C~lladl1, 1903- I N ancient times, Japan had three religious systems-Confucian- ism, Shinto, and Buddhism. Confucianism, though religious, was not regarded as a religion; it was" the Way for governing the country." Since the beginning of the Meiji era, the influence of Confucianism has been indirect and comparatively weak. Recently, in the course of a conversation about the confused condition of modern society, an old Confucian scholar said: "If we were to attempt to correct the abuses of society today by teaching music and propriety, people would laugh at us; and yet that is what society needs. But even Confucius recognized that without benevolence and virtue music and propriety are vain." Dr. Tetsujiro Inoue gives four reasons why many desire a revival of Confucianism : "1. Those who studied Confucianism in boyhood wish to return to it, just as a man who has been long absent from home desires to return. 2. There is a great deal of dissatisfaction with the Imperial Rescript on education as a basis of ethical teaching. Many people desire a wider basis and think that Confucianism could supply this demand without contradicting the ideals of the Rescript. 3. Others encourage a revival of Confucianism in order to lead young men to study the classics. 4. Others, who have no faith in any religion, or who have lost their faith in either Buddhism or Christianity, take refuge in Confucianism. Even some who 679 were Christian ministers are ~~w advocating a revival of Confucian- ism. " A revival of Confucianism at this time is scarcely possible, even though, for political reasons, the "Eastern Cultural Society," recently organized, is a strong movement in that direction. The situation with Buddhism, which was cherished because it gave "peace to the people" in times of bereavement and sorrow; and with Shinto which, until recently, was described as "the Way for opening up the country," is very different. They have both rec<eiyed a flood of light from contact with Christianity and modern science, and have both had significant revivals, which we will now attempt to outline.

During the Tokugawa age, Buddhism suffered from government protection. To guard against that" evil sect," Christianity, every family was required to register in a Buddhist temple. As a result of this monopoly of religious tolerance, Buddhism degenerated in quality. The priests became luxury-loving and often debauched; many entered the priesthood in times of famine for purely economic reasons. These abuses became so flagrant that the Government tried to correct them by special edicts. After the revolution of 1868, Buddhism was separated from Shinto; Buddhist images and idols were destroyed; Buddhist hangings were torn from the walls, and all trace of Buddhism was removed from the national shrines.

This persecution did not continue, for in 1872 Buddhism again carne into favor; posthumous honors were conferred upon the great Buddhist priests of history; special laws and regulations were made to rectify abuses; the standard for the priesthood was raised; the whole system was put in order and educational work was encouraged. In the imperial court, the late Empress was ,devoted to Buddhism and had her private chapel within the precincts of the palace. The interesting old custom of imparting occult power to a roll of silk by the prayers and incantations of a Shingon Buddhist priest was revived; the charmed silk was then cut into convenient lengths and placed in the garments of the Emperor near the vital parts of his body to protect him from harm and insure his happiness. This custom was initiated by Kobo Daishi (774-835 A. D.), the founder of the Shingo sect in Japan.

Distinguished Buddhist priests, who went abroad for study, quickly discovered the weakness of historic Christian theology and so-called Christian civilization. The result was a revival of Buddhism along several lines. Dr. Enriyo Inone, a prominent scholar, the champion of "Vital Buddhism," endeavored to unite Buddhism and modern science. Transmigration was lined up beside evolution; Buddhist idealism was identified with Kantian and Hegelian philosophy to the advantage of the former. Another group of "New Buddhists," frankly acknowledging the strong points of Christianity, discovered in Buddhism nearly everything that is best in Christianity

THE REVIVAL OF OLD HELIGIONS IN JAPAN

and adopted modern methods of religious education. rrhe Buddhist Sutras were bound into a convenient form resembling the Christian Bible j Christian hymns were adapted to the praises of Buddha; temples were modernized and organs introduced; Sunday-schools, summer schools, Young Men's Buddhist Associations, the Buddhist Salvation Army, and Buddhist Ladies' Clubs were organized. Buddhists of various sects cooperated in educational work. It is now proposed to found a union Buddhist university of the grade of the Imperial University in Tokyo. The educational standard of Buddhist priests has been raised. Among the priests one of the most interesting personalities is an Oxford graduate, a man of strong character and high scholarship.

JAPANESE ITINERANT pRIESTS (YilMilBUSHI) IN FRONT OF A TEMPLE Even. Buddhist idols are interpreted in a modern way, resembling the reverence paid to the Saints in the Roman Catholic Church. The following quotation about Kwannon, the goddess of mercy, will illustrate this. "The principle affairs of the K wannon Hall are the daily and monthly services and prayers, which are all undertaken from our heart-felt desires to realize in ourselves the love and truth of K wannon; for, when this is manifested in all its purity and sincerity, the world where we live will be a kingdom of Kwannon Bosatsn. The Japanese Buddhists all pray for this kingdom to come, not only to this country of ours, but to the entire world where no petty quarrels, whether political or racial, or social or religious, ought to reign under any pretext whatever.

"At the hall for the Young Men's Association, sermons or lectures are delivered several times a month, while at the dispensary ….. over 150 patients are daily treated free. The attending physicians are the priests…… The library contains more than ten thou- 2

sand books relating to Buddhism. We have also a Sunday-school here, organized by the priests and monks of these temples. There are about fifty young men who are receiving secondary and college education. "

Since 1916, the celebration of Gautama's birthday has been transformed into a "Flower Festival." On that day, Buddhist students from the five Tokyo colleges carryon an evangelistic campaign, preaching the gospel of Buddha j students from their girls' schools collect funds for their charity hospitals, tagging the contributors with flowers. The modern revival of Buddhism has been characterized by an awakening interest in social service. According to government statistics for 1919, they are supporting over three hundred different institutions for social welfare work. In addition to these, they are helping ex-convicts and prisoners. In nearly all prisons, the Buddhists have chaplains and chapels. The most prominent and aggressive social movement was that carried on by the Nichiren sect, which was impelled by ultra-nationalism, made possible at the time of the World War. This movement is already being influenced by cosmopolitan ideals and internationalism. Dr. Anasaki, speaking of this Buddhist revival, says: "Buddhism as a body … is hopelessly degenerate… Yet its spiritual fountain is not without signs of a new outburst of geyser-like! revival. In the course of the past two or three decades several Buddhist revivals have appeared one after another and passed away, but have left some impressions. At present, one of the most conspicuous features in the life of Buddhism is the rising interest in Shinran, the pietist reformer of the 13th century."

This revival of Shinran was probably a temporary outcome of the recent celebration of the 700th anniversary of the founding of the sect.

The revival of pure Shinto began during the Tokugawa age as a protest against Chinese civilization which was being overemphasized. After the fall of the Shogunate in l868, Shinto was established as a state religion. In 1882, in preparation for the granting of the Constitution, a distinction was made between Shinto shrines and Shinto preaching places; and between Shinto as a national institution, and as a religion. In 1884, the separation was made, but it was not until 1889 that the priests of Ise announced that Shinto was not a religion but a convenient means of keeping one generation in touch with another. At their own request, they were granted the privilege of giving up their religious standing, and becoming recognized as the embodiment of the national life. The following year, the national shrines were legally separated from the religious sects of Shinto. This legal status was more in keeping with the progressive spirit of the Ellllperor Meiji's coronation vows, and with the freedom of religious faith and practice granted by the emperor himself in the constitution.

1924J THE REVIVAL OF OLD REI~IGIONS IN JAPAN

Oonditions in modern Japan in regard to Shinto and the worship of the gods resemble those described by Oicero in his work, "On the Nature of the Gods, Divination, Fate and the Oommonwealth." The illegal attempts of the Government to promote the worship of the gods is prompted by patriotic considerations, not unlike those contained in J. S. Mills' criticism of Marcus Aurelius in his essay on "Liberty": "Placed at the summit of all previous attainments of humanity, with an open, unfettered intellect, and a character which led him of himself to embody in his moral writings the Ohristian ideal, he yet failed to see that Christianity was to be a good and not an evil to the world…… Existing society lIe knew to be in a deplorable state but such as it was he saw, or thought he saw that it was held together and prevented from being worse by belief and reverence of the received divinities." These are the motives which have prompted all the modern attempts of the Government to revive primitive forms of shrine worship. No doubt, the causes for the anxiety of modern statesmen are real; yet one wonders at the naive attempts that have been made so persistently, to meet inevitable modern eOllditions of society.

Apart from these official attempts to encourage primitive worship of the gods, the revival of Shinto religious sects is equally interesting and significant. These modern sects are very similar. Some of the best elements in their doctrinal statements are derived from Oonfucianism, Buddhism and Christianity. Their usual form of worship resembles that of popular Buddhism j in the Konko Kyo (Golden Glow Teaching), they repeat their scripture, beating time with a bell; in the Misogi sect they have a phrase, "Exalted gods willingly grant my request," which has mystical power and is repeated over and over again. In other sects, Christian and Western influences are very much in evidence; this seems especially evident in what is called"Ancient Shinto"; Dr. Kakehi of the Imperial University, in his work on this subject, attempts to modernize Shinto by explaining the Shinto gods as a system of Absolute Idealism, probably derived from his study of Gernlan philosophy. The relation of the imperial line to this Absolute is explained by a theory resembling the Apostolic Succession and may have been suggested by familiarity with Harnack's work.

Almost all of the religious sects of Shinto center about some great personality who is regarded either as a god or as a god-possesfled personality. For example, the Shinri Kyo sect was founded by Tsunehiko Sano (1834-1906), a man who prided himself in his ancestral line which he traced back to the Sun goddess. In a dream, he was made a god, a divine mediator between gods and men, in the presence of several of the nature gods. "Yhen he awakened from his trance a white fox from the fox god was at his window. This marked the beginning of his influence. Later he received government·

recognition as a Shinto teacher. Two remarkable women, Miki Nakayama (1798-1887) and Nao Deguchi (1836-1918) became founders of soots. The latter was the widow of a drunken carpenter and the In mother of eight children. In her devotion to the gods she faithfully performed her morning and evening ablutions and prayers. 1892 she became possessed of the gods, who desired to build a world temple at her little village of Ayabe. She accordingly ordered her neighbors to clear away their houses or she would be obliged to burn them. This led to so much persecution from her neighbors, and trouble with the police that she became more and more crazed, and in her madness wrote unintelligible script which a clever relative, who became her prophet, interpreted as divine revelation. The sect, Omoto Kyo (Great Fundamental Doctrines) which grew out of this, has recently attracted much attention. It is surprising the numbers of military and educated men who profess to believe in this crazy woman and her world theocracy. The Government, however, tried to crush it on account of its attitude toward the imperial family.

Another popular characteristic of many sects is faith healing. The most ,noted in this respect is Tenri Kyo (Heavenly Reason Teaching) which is sometimes called the Christian Science sect of Shinto, perhaps because its founder, Miki Nakayama, was a woman who possessed healing power. Many people have shown their faith in this sect by giving their possessions to it. The Mysogi Kyo, by repeating an enchanted prayer before the gods, profess to cure all diseases. The Kurozumi Kyo has a special fresh air cure for tubercular troubles. The founder, Munitada Kurozumi (1780-1850) was so healed. Worshipping the sun and breathing deeply, the believers blow their "sunny breath" over the patient to· his great benefit. Several of the sects use holy water which they either make by repeating their sacred formula over common water, or secure on a pilgrimage to Mt. Fuji. Other sects practice exorcism as a means of driving out the evil spirits.

These modern revivals are accompanied by active missionary work. Missionaries of the Shinto sects mav be found in the colonies and communities of Japanese abroad. B~ddhist missionaries are sent to foreign countries such as America, Hawaii, the South Sea Islands, and to Japanese communities wherever they are found. In Hawaii, the United States and Canada a very active and aggressive propaganda is carried on, employing modern methods of evangelization. There are over seventy Buddhist missionaries in the United St.at.es and Canada alone.

Problem and Christian

BY REV. E. H. ZAUGG, Ph.D., SENDAI, JAPAN Missionary of the Reformed Church in the United States T HE race problem has of late years assumed tremendous pro- portions. It is today a problem of outstanding importance. It has arisen from various causes. The world has become much smaller than it used to be because of increased facilities in communication and travel. It takes only ten days by steamship and less than one swing of the pendulum by radio or by cable to cross the Pacific. This has brought all the nations of the world into much closer proximity than ever before. The contacts of the various nations and raC€s of the world have become correspondingly close and intimate. Japan and China in days gone by seemed far off; today they are America's nearest neighbors to the west.

Then, too, in the World War, the chief white nations proved quite conclusively, to all but themselves, that they were not so far removed from the savage state. The colored races, through the processes of industry, education, and religion, have come to a clearer self-consciousness. Weare beginning to fiud out that the colored races possess elements of tremendous strength. They are becoming more and more conscious of this strength; they arc refusing to use it merely for the enhancement or at the dictation of the 'white race, and their potential powers entitle them to just and equitable treatment. There is a "rising tide of color," and it is meet that the white race give attention to the solution of this problem. Not only its own future welfare, but the welfare of the great horde of colored people of the world as well depends upon how this problem is solved.

Recent race migrations have also tended to bring the race problem to the fore. During the war and since, thousands of American Negroes have migrated from the South to the North, and this has made the Negro problem a national problem. The presence and increasing prosperity of the Japanese on the Pacific Coast have stirred up such an anti-Japanese agitation in that section of the country that the question as to whether Orientals shall be admitted into our country has become a matter of nation-wide concern. The coming to America within recent years of so many immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and from western Asia has also caused the doubt to arise in the minds of many as to whether so many types and races of men can be molded into a political unit. Never has the problem of the assimilation of races become so acute as in America at the present time.

Again the growing spirit of nationalism has come to manifest 685

itself strongly since the close of the war, and has a tendency to accentuate the race problem. On all sides we hear such expressions as "America first," "100% American," "America for the whites," "Keep the undesirables out," with about as many interpretations of what these terms mean as there are Americans. Up to the present America has been young and hopeful, having an abounding faith in her strength and ideals. The war has brought her into close contact with peoples of different nationality and race, and has made her see that within her own civilization she has disparate elements that threaten her unity. The Protestants have become fearful of the Catholics and Jews; the Nordics have become fearful of the Alpines and the Mediterraneans; the old settlers and th.eir descendants are fearful of the new immigrants; the whites are fearful of the colored peoples; Occidentals are fearful of Orientals; America has evidently no longer room for everyone and anyone who wishes to settle down within her borders unless he has proper religious and racial qualifications. This whole nationalistic movement is nothing more nor less t;han an effort on the part of the descendants of the north European settlers to keep the country predominantly white, Anglo- Saxon, and Protestant.

There may be other reasons why the race problem has become so pressing, but the above are the chief ones. If men give their earnest consideration to the problem, a solution will doubtless be forthcoming. Only the application of Christian principles will solve the question. We will deal with the application of these principles in our discussion of the Japanese question.

THE JAPANESE PROBLEM This consists of two parts: the one has to do with the American attitude toward the Japanese nation, the other with our treatment of the Japanese in America.

Many in America find fault with the Japanese and are giving vent to various criticisms against them, which indicate suspicion or dislike.

Some complain of the dishonesty of the Japanese. They claim that they use shrewdness in a cunning way so that one can not trust them. They are apt to break their contracts, and the goods which they deliver are inferior to the samples they display. We are told that the Chinese are more honest.

It must be admitted that some of these statements are true, but some are utterly false. In view of the fact that only a small proportion of the people in .Japan are Christians, what else could one expect but to find that with many people standards of honesty are low~ This is especially the case with the old type of merchants who were classed in old Japan way down next to the social outcasts.

JAPANESE PROBLEM AND CHRIST'IAN MISSIONS

Unless the heart is regenerated and selfishness is driven out, it is natural for people to use their powers for self-aggrandizement.

But it is a serious mistake to think that all the Japanese are dishonest. How many in America leave their doors unlocked at night when they sleep in a hotel ~ I have slept scores of times in Japanese hotels where the rooms are separated from each other merely by sliding paper doors, to which no lock of any kind was attached. But I have never had anything stolen on such occasions.

'rhe old story of the .Japanese employing Chinese in their banks still persists. David Starr Jordan of Leland Stanford University Home years ag'o undertook to prove whether it was true or not. He made an investigation of over 2,000 Japanese banks and found out that in all these banks only two Chinese were employed. Judging from the letters and reports received from the missionaries in China we are not convinced that the Chinese have a monopoly on honesty.

Then we hear of Japan as being the Prussia of the East, domillated by a narrow nationalistic spirit; she is an advocate of militarism, pursuing a policy of national expansion through force of arms. In support 'of this criticism the fact that Japan has a large army patterped after the German military system, the effort to obtain the province of Shantung, the twenty-one demands made upon China in 1915, the annexation of Korea, and the military expedition into Siberia at the close of the war, are pointed to as evidence.

Over-population is a condition staring the Japanese nation in the face. There are nearly 60,000,000 people living in a territory a little smaller than California, about 400 to the square mile. The annual increase in population is about 600,000. This is not an abnormal rate, for, whereas the average size of an American family is 4.2 persons, in Japan it is 4.6 persons, just slightly larger than that in America.

Let us put ourselves in Japan's place. Suppose that America had such a problem of surplus population, and that no other country would permit our people to emigrate peaceably into their borders. Would we be above resorting to the common custom of grabbing the land of some weaker nation, justifying it on the ground of selfpreservation or of the welfare of the world ? National expansion would then not seem quite so sinful to us as it now does. Japan is trying hard to industrialize her country to find means for the support of her surplus population. Forty years ago she had only 25,000 factory workers; today they number nearly 3,000,000. But even this is not sufficient to meet the present need. Nations that have a great deal of undeveloped land, such as we find in Australia, Canada, and the western part of the United States are the countries which least welcome the Japanese.

The stern measures against China, the persecution of the Korean Christians, and the Siberian expedition were the work of the military

leaders of Japan. But as a result doubtless of the work of the Christian forces in both countries, public opinion, both in the United States and in Japan, demanded that the policy of forcible expansion be given up. When the Washington Conference gave Japan assur- ance that the United States did not intend to wage war upon her, she was willing to give up her dream of a larger .Tapan at least for the present, trusting to the American sense of fair play to receive just treatment for her subjects who might be admitted into our borders. The recent denial of the rights of citizenship to them, the drastic land laws of California, and the passage of the .Tohnson Im- migration Bill excluding them entirely from our country, make them feel that their trust has been misplaced.

These recent events may tend to increase the power of the mili- tarists in Japan. Not only did the people rejoice when, according to the treaties signed at the Washington Conference, their naval armaments were limited, but they insisted that the army also should be reduced. The Japanese Parliament thereupon passed a bill re- ducing the army by 50,000 at one stroke. The people ask that more money be spent for schools and less for armaments. The student class is largely responsible for this anti-militaristic movement. Prof. Yoshino, who is an earnest Ohristian and a professor'in the Tokyo Imperial University, sent out a questionnaire to a large number of students living in various parts of the country asking whether or not they were in favor of militarism. Of the replies received, 9070 were against militarism. Last year army officials attempted in vain to organize a military society or club among the students of Vaseda University, the largest educational institution in Japan.

While Japan has a strong army and navy, and has a militaristic party in the government, she is decidedly less militaristic today than she has been in the past twenty-five years. ¥hile the Japanese have their faults and weaknesses, they are intelligent and progressive; they are courteous and kind; they are patient and industrious and should be given fair consideration.

The second part of the Japanese problem has to do with their admission into the United States and the treatment given those who have settled here. Exclusion does not seem to be either the Ohristian or the final solution of the problem. The reasons given for exclusion are in the main two: one economic, and the other racial.

It is said that "when a .Japanese comes to America he works from morning to night on low wages; he lives on very little, because his standards of life are low; he is thrifty and saves much of what he earns j he sends some of his savings back to his country and invests the remainder in property here j soon he prospers and has either a farm or business of his own. The white man can not compete with him."

While some Japanese work for low wages, as a rule they demand

JAPANESE PROBLEM AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

union wages. Not all the .Japanese have low standards of life. Those intimately acquainted with the home life of the Japanese on our Pacific Coast claim that in many of their homes one will find all the comforts and conveniences of the ordinary American home: books, pianos, Victrolas, radio sets, and such things as make for high de- velopment of the body, mind, and spirit. Vie admit certain classes of Europeans who have lower standards of life, who work long hours for low wages, who send some of their savings back home and invest the remainder in property or candy kitchens, and who, in excess of the Japanese, very often add materially to the criminal classes of onr country.

Why not treat the Japanese in the same way that we treat European nations 1 The real reason why Americans want to ex- clude the Japanese is not so much economic as racial. They claim that they will never become good American citizens but will hold themselves aloof from the community in which they live. On account of the differences in language, customs, and habits, it is not as easy for the Japanese to adapt themselves to our form of life as it is for some Europeans. But to say that they are unassimilable is not the case. We have never given them a decent chance to show whether they would become good American citizens or not. Some who come here for study are so Americanized that they can scarcely endure living in Japan thereafter.

As to social intercourse, I doubt whether the Japanese gather into groups or colonies of their own any more than do certain European immigrants who are unacquainted with the English language. Many of the Japanese would be glad to associate with white people but are prevented from doing so, because they are made to feel that they are not wanted. Even though the Japanese were admitted into our country, we would not be under any obligation to marry them.

I do not advocate unrestricted Japanese immigration. The admission of a large' number of Japanese into our country would doubtless create a very serious race problem. But the Japanese only ask that they be treated on an equality with other nations. They freely admit the right of our country to restrict immigration, for they exercise this right themselves in their own land. But they claim that we are treating them with unfair discrimination, and that this exclusion, based on the grounds of racial inferiority, is offensive and unjust.

I fail to see how the admission of two or three hundred J apanese a year, ,which would be their quota according to the rates fixed for the other nations by the new Johnson Immigration Bill, could be a menace to our national life or a danger to our future welfare.

On the other hand, if we should permit this number of educated Japanese to enter our country, I believe that they would make a distinct contribution for good to our culture and civilization.

Some say that we are treating the Japanese in America in the same way as they treat us in their country-they do not permit us to own land there. This comparison is not just. For, in the first 'Jlace, they do not discriminate in their land laws against anyone race or country. In the second place, they do permit us to lease land for a period of either 99 or 999 years, which is practically ownership. It is true that these leases are not permitted to individuals, but only to corporations formed under the laws of Japan. But Americans are given the right to form such corporations; even a man and wife can do so, if desired. 'Ve are supposed to be a Christian nation, and Japan is regarded as a non-Christian land, but they are more generous in their treatment of us than we are of them.

It is only by the application of the fundamental principles of Christianity that not only the race problem in general but the J apanese problem in particular can be properly dealt with. Were the hearts of all men in the world dominated by the Christian spirit of love and service, there would be no race problem.

1. One of the fundamental teachings of Christ is that God is no respecter' of persons. He loves even His enemies. He makes the rain to fall and the sun to shine on all men regardless of the color of their skin or the place of their birth. He wants to come into close fellowship with them all. There are no restrictive immigration bars to His House j He receives all who call on Him. God looks beneath the surface and sees the potential value of every human soul. Christ teaches the priceless worth of the individual, no matter to what sex, race, social class, or nation he may belong. Can we be true children of the Father unless we acknowledge the potential value of every human soul and try to extend just treatment to all races and classes of men ~ 2. Christ also teaches that God is the creator of all men, and that as members of God's family they are brothers. "God made of one all the nations of the earth." In view of this fact how can a Christian fail to recognize the spiritual kinship of all men, black or white, yellow or brown ~ Surely the Lord did not intend the brotherhood of man to be confined to the members of one race.

Many people in the world have the vision of the coming of a time when the nations of the earth will be organized into a sort of a United States of the World, wherein the individual nations would bear toward each other somewhat the same relations as the States forming our Union bear to each other. That would mean that there would be no hindrance to a man from one nation migrating to an other. Before that time can come, we must remove by means of industry, education, and religion many of the differences that exist between the nations of the earth in standards and views of life, moral practices, language, customs, etc. Nevertheless, this is an ideal

which will be realized some day just as surely as we try to put Christianity into actual practice.

This matter of brotherhood has a very important bearing upon the success or failure of our missionary work abroad. In one hand we take the Gospel to a people such as the Japanese, and invite them to be our brothers in Christ; and in our other hand we have an immigration bill which says in reality, "But don't come too close." However much we may explain such a position, there is an inconsistency here which can not be denied. Under such circumstances is it any wonder that our appeal for Christ loses much of its force1 Christianity is the one solution of the race problem. Commerce and trade will not do it. Diplomacy and scientific knowledge will not do it. They tend ofttimes to aggravate the situation. But the love of Christ has the power to accomplish this almost impossible task. Christ died for all men on the cross. His love manifested there included all races and classes of men. If our hearts are possessed of such an all-inclusive, world-embracing love, if our lives are dominated by His self-sacrificing spirit of service, the race problem can and will be solved.

JAPANESE IN AMERICA AND THE EXCLUSION LAW* BY REV. KENGO TAJIMA, Japanese Church of C'hr;st of Salt Lake C;ty, Utah Note: The Japanese Church of Salt Lake is a federated mission under the joint support of the American Misf3ionary Association and the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. It is five yearsj old, has a membership of fifty adults. a growing Sunday Sohool, a very wide. area of activity covering foul" states, and a new chapel and a boy~' dormitory in pTospoeet of building within a year T HE import of the .Japanese Exclusion Clause in the Immigra- tion Bill is well realized by the Japanese residing in the United States. It does not mean the end of the influx of Japanese immigrants into this country, for a check has been effectively accomplished by the so-called Gentlemen's Agreement. The Japanese Government under this agreement gave no passport to a Japanese desiring to come to America for labor. It means that Japanese in America who have wives and children in the old country cannot send for them to come and join their husbands and fathers. Unmarried young men can go home to Japan and be married, but when they come back to America they must leave their brides at home. The interm~rriage with Caucasian races is discouraged and in a number of states is absolutely forbidden. Possibly it tends to place the Japanese on a lower scale in the estimate .!ilf the American people. The J apanese was denied the right of n~tttJ'alization by the decision of the nation's highest court of appeal. He:~as also denied the right to purchase and own land, if any state prefers so to treat him, and the Supreme Court supports the act of such a state. Now Congress has placed a bar of absolute exclusion against the Japanese.

~om The American Missionary.

A few Christian Endeavorers of the .Japanese Church of Salt Lake, conscious of the" grave consequences" of this act of exclusion to themselves,set one Sunday evening for a discussion on "What Shall We Do When the Exclusion Act of Congress Becomes a Lawf" After a spirited discussion the following points were recognized by the consensus of opinion as duties laid specifically upon the Japanese now residing in America.

1. We should do everything not to foster an anti-American sentiment among the Japanese.

2. We must individuallv meet Americans to counteract the opinion that many anti-Jap~nese propaganda agencies are broadcasting in the land.

3. Whatever befalls the present generation of the Japanese in America, who have come from Japan, the children born of Japanese parents in this country are the citizens thereof. It is the duty of the Japanese parents to see to it that their children fulfil their obligation as citizens of America to the extent of sacrifice on their part.

4. Keep down and keep away a spirit of retaliation. Jesus' way is the one' and only solution of this racial and economic question. We have passed the first stage of the anti-Japanese agitation-tbrowing stones and calling names, etc.,-unhurt. Live on the best possible terms with the American people, the golden letters, "Love," shining on our banner.

TWO JAPANESE GIRLS, STUDENTS IN A SOUTHERN PRESBYTERIAN SCHOOL

Laymen Do in

BY REV. WILLIAM N. BLAIR, PYENGYANG KOREA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the United States W ITH nearly foul' thousand churches and chapels in Korea, many located in remote mountain valleys and at least half with less than fifty members, how are we to provide preachers for all of them 7 "We don't," is the reply. "The responsibility for all church services is borne by the Korean Christians themselves, most of the preaching being done by unpaid laymen."

This explains, in large measure, the strength and progress of the Korean Church. -Without this voluntary service from lay workers, it would be impossible to establish a' self-supporting, selfpropagating, indigenous church on the mission field.

Take, as an example, the Anju District, with which the writer is aS80ciated. This includes three counties comprising a field fifty miles long and thirty miles wide. 'Phere are here now forty-eight churches, each with its own building and regular services.

These .forty-eight churches employ helpers, or pastors, to oversee church activities. Since each church cannot support a paid YE [,ANG CHId. A CHRISTl:N KOREAN worker, they are united into circuits, a helper or pastor being appointed over from one to five churches according to the financial strength of the circuit. There are sixteen paid workers in the Anju District, six of whom are ordained ministers. The other ten are unordained helpers, most of whom attend the Theological Seminary in Pyeng Yang three and a half months a year looking forward to ordination.

We have, then, on the average, three churches in the Anju District for each paid helper. Manifestly these cannot preach in each church twice every Sunday, to say nothing of the oversight of Sunday-schools and prayer-meetings. rl'herefore, the leadership of all church meetings, in the absence of the pastor or helper has been entrusted to unordained, non-paid laymen who are appointed as 693

elders, leaders or deacons. Every church officer regards preaching as a part of his ordinary duty. Each has his own sermon outline book and is constantly on the lookout for sermon material.

This system has developed a host of strong laymen. Many of them can preach with as much power as our best ordained ministers. Evidently the gift of preaching does not depend upon the laying on of the hands of Presbytery or the receiving of a salary. Farmers and merchants, men of average education, who love their Lord and know their Bible are as apt to bring the church a message from God as their professional brothers.

Even in strong city churches, which have one and sometimes two pastors, the preaching is still shared with the elders and leaders. Take, for example, the SaChangkol Church in Pyengyang City which has some seven hundred members and supports its own pastor and assistant. Five elders and three leaders in this church, all busy merchants and teachers, take their turn in preaching, and at least three of the elders can preach as well as the pastor. With this help the pastor is able to give a much larger share of his time to pastoral oversight than he could possibly do if he had to prepare two sermons each Sunday and lead all mid-week prayer-meetings. Even if he could do this better than the elders and leaders, the laymen would not be developed as they now are. The church would be taught by a single prophet instead of being fed and inspired by the manifold experiences and understanding of God's Truth which the Holy Spirit freely divides to the unpaid as well as to the paid leaders of His flock.

Even more important in the life of the Korean Church than lay preaching is the large share taken by laymen in the daily oversight of the congregation. Each parish is divided into a number of districts over which leaders are appointed. It is their duty to visit frequently each family in the district and to report once a month to the meetings of church leaders. Thus the pastor and elders keep close oversight over the entire congregation. If a member is sick or discouraged, it is the duty of the district leader to do what he can at once to comfort and help and to send word to the pastor and elders so that they may give any special assistance the case may require.

In the SaChangkol Church, we have twenty men and twenty women district leaders. The first Monday night of each month these leaders meet to render their reports and to confer together regarding the spiritual welfare of the church. Most of the leaders are busy merchants who are hard driven to make a living for their families, yet I have rarely known a Korean Christian to refuse to assume the responsibility of this position when appointed to it.

But more fundamental in the evangelization of Korea than the participation of laymen in church services and in congregational oversight is the recognition of the responsibility of each individual

WHAT LAYMEN DO IN KOREA

Christian to preach the Gospel to the unsaved. Evangelism is pri- marily a laymen's business in Korea. It is this personal, unpaid witnessing day by day that is bringing Korea so rapidly to Christ.

Last night I slept in a Christian home less than two miles from the Yellow Sea. In the village were perhaps twenty houses. Four years ago only one household was Christian. Now seven families believe. The first Christian who has led the others to Christ is now an elder in the local church.

While the best personal work is always the voluntary earnest exhortation of friend and neighbor and the testimony of a sincere Christian life, much has been ac- complished in Korea by the organ- ized and united effort of the un- paid lay workers of the Church.

One method used to encourage individual preaching of Christ to the unsaved is to have a "collec- tion of days of preaching" taken during a Bible-study class or other special meeting. Each Christian promises to give so many days during the next few months to preaching to unbelievers at his own expense. A week is fre- quent1y promised by one person; sometimes a full month is given and the time thus offered in a single congregation often totals ;;E CHUN SUP several years of voluntary preach- An Elder i n ~~':,n~~~~~, pK".;'~:~erlan Church, ing. Usually a definite field for work will be selected and the preaching will be done under the super- vision of a committee which aims to keep the preaching continuous and conserve results.

Another effective method of organized lay preaching to non- Christians is the "band method." Last fall, at an officers' meeting in the Anju District, we decided upon seven villages where we desired to start churches. Most of the men present volunteered to go to one of these villages with a band of fellow-workers and preach so many days at their own expense. Twenty-five or thirty men promised to give one week each to the work. Others promised to give from two to four days each. Most of these men, it should be remembered, were lay officers of the Church Who were attending this district officers'

meeting at their own expense. The officers' meeting then appointed seven committees to have charge of the work in each place, those who had promised to go having first been divided into seven groups. A definite time was set for the assembling of the bands. Before that

time arrived, the committees in charge visited the villages selected and arranged for places for the men to board and hold services. This was not difficult because villages had been selected where we had at least one Christian family to serve as a basis and nucleus for the new church.

When the volunteers assembled, we found we had an average of fifteen workers for each place. Each morning the workers engaged in two hours of prayer and Bible study together before going out to preach during the remainder of the day, two by two, from house to house, inviting everybody to come to the evening meeting.

The visit of such a band to a village naturally produces a distinct sensation. The whole village talks of nothing else. A few are certain to attend out of curiosity even the first meeting and night by night the interest and attendance increases. These band meetings always result in a large number of conversions. ITsually the interest is so great that an effort will be made to secure a church building before the week ends, and these lay workers who have given their time and strength to the work at their own expense are always so interested in the new group that they give liberally themselves for the new church bu!lding. Before they separate they usually agree among themselves upon a program of Sabhath by Sabbath visitation of the new group or they will raise a fund among themselves to be supplemented by gifts from near-by churches for the support of a worker in the village for all or a part of the year. In other words, nothing stimulates interest like sacrifice and nothing stimulates the giving of money for church work like the giving,of self.

"How," it is asked, "is it possible to train so large a force of personal workers 1" The answer is that the best training for personal work is personal work just as the best school of homiletics is actual preaching of God's 'Vord. To a large extent, training in Christian work follows effort for Christ rather than precedes. In Korea, at least, men and women do not become personal workers and evangelists because they have been specially trained for such service; but, having been forced by circumstance and the urge of the Spirit to undertake Christian service, they realize the need of more knowledge and eagerly avail themselves of every opportunity of study and training.

The one great school for personal workers is the Bible-study class system in force throughout the entire Korean Church. Each church has at least one Bible study class a year. The larger churches have separate Bible study classes for women. These classes last from one week to ten day? Several teachers are invited from neighboring churches. During the class the whole church unites in systematic Bible study morning, afternoon and evening. The students are divided into classes and study the Bible book by book according to a carefully worked-out course of study.

1U~41 WHAT LAYMEN DO IN KOREA

The evening meetings during the class are usually evangelistic in eharacter, a portion of each afternoon being given to house-to-house preaching.

Since there are not enough ordained ministers to do all the teaching in these classes, the best prepared lay-workers, men and women, are drafted in large numbers as teachers and in trying to teach the Bible to others are strengthened and developed themselves.

The demand for additional training on the part of these men and women who are called by the churches' need to positions of responsi- bility and leadership is so great that short term Bible institutes have been eptablished in everyone of our Mission Stations. Most of these institutes have a winter term of six weeks and require six terms for graduation. The women's Bib I e institutes have longer terms; but longer terms for the men are impractical because the men who come and whom we want to come cannot leave their work for a long'er period. Most of them are farmers who have a comparatively leisure season during .January and February.

The men's Bible institutes average about one hundred and fifty students each. Nearly all are young church officers who corne at KIM TONG wa their own expense in order to fit Elder in the Fourth Presbyterian Church, Pyengyang, Korea themselves for bet t e I' service.

rrhey are not looking forward to the ministry or any salaried position.

In addition to systematic study of the whole Bible, they receive, in the institutes, practical instruction in personal work and homiletics, church history, church government and rules of order. More and more the strong young elders who constitute the strength of the Chur'ch are corning to be men who have been trained in our Bible institutes and as long as the laymen of the Church are willing for the Master's sake to give so liberally of their time and strength to Chris- tian service, we may be sure that the Korean Church will press on from victory to victory.

A few" regulars" may guard the nation in time of peace; but actual war calls to arms the manhood of the nation. The regular min- istry may suffice to lead the formal services of the Church, to bury its dead and administer its sacraments; but the Churcb militant, engaged in deadly conflict, demands nothing less than that each man in its ranks be a fighting soldier.

3

– AN Ol,D GAMBLING JOIN1' AND A HOUSE 01' ILL-FAME

A Church Invigorator- Earle D. Sims BY COE HAYNE, NEW YORK CITY W HAT is a GhUJrch Invigorator? We have heard of Church builders, of pastors, of missionaries, of revivalists, of di- rectors of religious education, etc., but what is a Ghttrch Invigorator? That some churches need invigoration, vitalizing, renovation, we know to our sorrow. Some have practically lost their value to their communities and seem so dead that they might well be buried.

The tombstones across the road cast long shadows when Rev. Earle D. Sims arrived one evening at a deserted church in the Nebraska sand hills. The driver of an automobile had charged ten dollars to carry him and his tool chest the seven miles from the nearest railway station on a search for that church.

In the tool chest were all kinds of saws, hammers, planes, braces and bits, screw drivers, finishing nails, tacks and tack hammers, trowels for mason and cement work, carpet stretchers, a lemonade squeezer, a large gasoline lamp, a Chinese pigtail, gospel tracts, a tinner '8 and a plumber's outfits, part of a blacksmith's outfit, putty and putty knives, overalls, a hacksaw, pipe cutters (used when it was expedient to put a pipe railing around a choir loft), several Chinese idols, Chinese costume (Mr. Sims formerly was a missionary in China), a camera and a complete "first aid" outfit.

It required but a casual inspection to see that·the church building was a wreck- " turned over to the owls and bats." All the window glass was broken, the doors sagged, the front steps were decaying. The interior gave evidence of long disuse. '1'he sight of the pulpit Bible covered with plaster, and a few dilapidated song books scattered about the £ioor, told a sad story.

698

A CHURCH INVIGORATOR-EARLE D. SINS

Mr. Sims crossed the road and entered the burying ground. He removed his hat, saying: "Here lies the church."

It was dark by the time he had stowed away his tool chest in the church and started out to find a bed for the night. At the first house he told the people that he had come to rebuild the abandoned church. His story aroused no interest and he passed on.. At the next farm house he did not state his business bllt asked for a meal and a night's lodging. He was given a welcome and before going to bed he learned a number of things. He was told that the church at one time had filled a large place in the community. There was no other church near and the descendants of the departed church members seemed to care little that the communitv was destitute of church life. .

ALPTfiJR-A BAPTIST CHURCH AND SUNDAY-SCHOOL Next morning Mr. Sims went to work. He borrowed a wagon and pair of mules and hauled from the railroad a ton of coal, a quantity of window glass and enough lumber to make the first needed repairs. .

Days of toil followed, the daylight hours being spent in house- to-house visitation and the evenings in making inhabitable the aban- doned edifice. At first no one paid much attention to him. When the cracks had been patched up and window panes had been put in to keep out the cold, he advertised that meetings would begin on a certain night. '1'he news created a sensation. Many of the com- munity had not been inside a church for twenty years and came expecting to have a lark. The church was packed. The song service gave them an unexpected pleasure and they liked the way the preacher laughed with them.

The revival meetings continued until Christmas, a day that found both "saints" and "sinners" celebrating the day together.

When Mr. Sims saw that everybody was happy he proposed that all join with him in rebuilding the church as a memorial to the men and women who had built and maintained it and whose bones lay in graves across the road.

Without a dollar in sight to pay for it, Mr. Sims ordered $1,200 worth of lumber and the farmers hauled it without charge. 'l'hey enjoyed watching the parson handle a saw and plane and gradually were won to the project under the spell of his enthusiasm. The countryside awoke to the fact that a new church was taking the place of the old, deserted one. The men went to work shoulder to shoulder with the preacher in overalls. No one charged a dollar for his services. Soon the church, transformed, was painted outside and var- THE LADlES' AID SOCIETY IN T HE "lNVIllORATEU" CHURCH (As pict ured on pages 698 and 69!)) nished within. The Ladies' Aid Society was organized and a set of dishes was purchased; a Sunday-school was formed j a choir graced the loft behind its new pipe railing. Then a pastor was called and a happy dedication followed with the church free of debt.

The following very brief narratives are furni shed by Mr. Sims who has worked as a "Church Invigorator" for the American Baptist Home Mission Society and has saved over one hundred churches from interment. The omission of names of the churches will be understood since these are now vigorous self-respecting organizations, though not long ago they were considered down and out. The narratives show what can be done by practical, commonsense, spiritual methods.

The church at – – , Nebraska, had been closed twenty years. After working some on the building I conducted revival meetings and one day bap-

A CHURCH INV1GOl~A'rOR – EARLE D. SINS

tized one hundred people. That day we called a pastor and purchased a Ford car for him.

– – – church, Nebraska, was pastorless and discouraged. 'rhey worshipped in a hole in the ground. I purchased $1200 worth of lumber (on credit) and went to work. The beautiful little house of worship has basement, auditorium and gallery complete. Held a revival and baptized a number of the men who helped me with hammer and saw. We left a pastor on the field. (Mr. Sims omits one item. He carried every board and scantling on his shoulders from the lumber yard to the building site).

– – – church, Nebraska, seven miles from the railroad, closed twenty years. The old building turned over to the owls and bats; members had died and their remains were in the little cemetery across the road from the abandoned church. We made the building new and started the work again. The people filled the walls to hear the Gospel.

At – – – , Colorado, the church decided to quit. I reached the place the day the vote to disband was to be taken.

Attended the service and annonnced that I was ready to conduct the funeral service but first would conduct a revival as I saw a little life in the patient. There were many conversions. We made the building ov~r and bought one of the best residences in town for a parsonage–all at a cost of $5,000. I left the church without debt; raised a pastor'8 salary and called a pastor on a salary of $1,800.

The church at – — , South Da- , kota, had been closed three years. It was now the dead of winter-blizzards frequently-but we preached there three weeks and baptized forty. Raised pas- MR. SIM::; AT WORK IN DE WITT. IOWA tor'8 salary and they ('.aUed young Bro. J. Taking old shingles to supply fuel tor as pastor and he has had a glorious work. widows ana orpbans At —, Utah, found a community of a thousand people and no church of any denomination. We commenced a Sunday school in a pool hall-only place I could secure; the proprietor said any time we wanted a service he would turn the place over to us. Raised' money to purchase a c'Cutrallot. Dug the basement myself; then built a beautifu1little church costing $5,000. We had a revival, baptized a number of people and organized a church. Left them all very happy and hard at work. Sometimes the Ladies' Aid has sixty members in attendance.

All of this reads more or less smoothly. We have quoted the preacher verbatim. It may be gathered that church invigoration turns largely upon the organization or reorganization of the Ladies'

Aid. But there are some things about church invigoration which as a rule the women do not do. Church roofs have a pitch quite terrifying at times and leaky church roofs must be shingled. There are a number of jobs awaiting the invigorator when a church is in decay and the big tool chest that Mr. Sims takes around has become quite famous in certain sections of the West. Mr. Sims also preaches the Gospel clearly and effectively and depends on the help of the Spirit of God.

Norton of

BY JOHN E. NORTON, DHOND, POONA DIST'RICT, INDIA O VER fifty years of missionary service was the record of Albert Norton, a respected and belov.ed witness for Ohrist in India. He went out to the field as the first volunteer, without salary guarantee, in response to the call of that world-wide evangelist William Taylor, afterwards the Methodist Episcopal Bishop for Africa. He was a pioneer missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance and was for a time connected with the Disciples of Ohrist.

On arriving in India he met that wonderful man of God, George Bowen of Bombay, a missionary of the American Board who had given away all his possessions and was living in native style on about five dollars a month. He was a saintly man, wonderfully respected by all who knew him, both Ohristians and non-Ohristians. Albert Norton caught his spirit and in a large measure followed his example, goiI,lg into the jungles of the Central Provinces to labor among a hill-tribe known as the Kurkoos. Their language had not as yet been put in writing and Mr. Norton was able to see one of the gospels published in their dialect. He lived in their villages, ate their food, slept on the ground and became a Kurkoo among the Kurkoos. They were a simple-minded people without caste ideas, and many of them were baptized as Christians.

Mr. Norton was the first missionary in the large province of Berar, where there are now over one hundred. 'When he arrived in 1872 the Protestant Christians in India numbered only a few thousand while today they are nearly two million. Then the native Christians were despised; today they are respected, educated and influential.

Albert Norton was primarily a pioneer evangelist. Like the Apostle Paul, his one desire was to give the Gospel to those who had never heard for he knew it to be the power of God unto salvation. His later years were spent in orphanage work, with the great aim of training young lives to become witnesses for Christ to their own people. Recently one of these orphans, who is now an evangelist, visited his relatives and he testified as to what Christ had done for him. They asked for a teacher and as a result nearly two hundred of them have been baptized.

Albert Norton was born in 1847 and went to his eternal reward at the ripe age of seventy-seven. His work at Dhond is being carried on by one son while another son has an important mission at Benares. His hundreds of adopted sons of this land are preaching to their own people, by their words and by their lives, the Gospel that they were taught while in the orphanage at Dbond.

702

INTO AFGHANISTAN, THROUGH THE KHYBER PASS, FROM ALI

Into Afghanistan at Last LETTERS FROM REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON MESHED, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian ChurclJ, U. S. A.

T HE long-looked-for day has come, when we can start out on our journey to Afghanistan. Every missionary who has ever been in Meslled has been eager to cross over the border into the forbidden land, as have missionaries on the Indian and Russian borders. For a long time we have been negotiating for this privilege, with Afghan patients who came to the hospital, :with merchants in Meshed, with the Afghan consul, and finally, through our very helpful American minister in Teheran, directly with the central govern: ment of Afghanistan in Kabul. A few weeks ago the desired permit came; the Afghan consul here has vised our passports, carriages have been hired and we are off today (May lOth}-off to Herat!! I The journey will take about a week, with easy stages. Herat is an ancient city of historical interest, and we are anxious to see what the progressive AmiI' of Afghanistan has been able to accomplish for this far western city of his empire, in the betterment of its local government, its roads, its trade, and particularly its schools. We hope that when Dr. Hoffman, the physician accompanying us, has helped many of the Herat people, that the friendships we wiII have made may make it possible for some of us to go there every year, or better still, that someone may be allowed to occupy Herat for resident missionary work.

703

HERAT, AFGHANISTAN, May 24:, 1924.

On Monday morning, May 19th, we m;ade the remaining four farsakhs to Herat. Approaching the city we were struck with the gTeat extent of surrounding gardens, the largest we had seen, not excepting Hamadan. ,Ve had been riding on a good road for a number of miles but as we drew near the city gate we found the road a regular boulevard with pine trees and lofty minarets on either side. The trees and the road are recent improvements but the min- arets, at least the four larger ones you first approach, have stood firmly against the annual 120 days' wind for about seven centuries.

1====~===:======i1 Our road led directly into the forti- ..,J":"'j""_.r-..,~…_.'.,….~..'y-"-'k,l»b:a.$''"~ fied area and across the drill ,./ ! + ~:II grounds till we reached the narrow : ',J,.,n! ' , . . _ , ~ >- : ". streets of the bazaar. Two horses '~~" j ,",,,", "" f""-'-'l -t were unhitched so as to enable us ,,';" i …… i~·'~d–'r~·-·—-… .;;N,"i-I-~'-j"'6"'Mi.s'h~.d ~ t proceed through the bazaar to 0 "~ j 'Province of ( .. ,~::"r.:~':. the caravanserai where we were to '"1<J'/ KH ORAS,'"XN'''''~F'''~,~.~ f' ',m.'or : '. i R~, stay. We had come a little too I'; ~ soon, as the magnificent caravan- ' ',t' ' ':…. T~II t(' .. j jiift( ssterruaei t l'wOna.s sHtiollweinvepr,rowceesws eroef con- • …() Kein soon -" 'I! '( '"<J' '''i''·' located comfortably in nice clean (IJ. rooms. vVe were told that we were I, '."…, 1ree to go to the bazaars as we .",, .. ,,) ~~~~:~~'~fl: ::1::~~,::::i~:~ ~:~~~~;dE:~; Al'ClIANISTAN """ -, into the mosque. The Russian Con- sul had presumed to enter the mosque and was accordingly arrested and kept in custody until he apologized officially to the Afghanistan Government, We had been allowed to bring all our things, including the boxes of drugs and surgical supplies, directly to the caravanserai. The Chief of the Customs said he would come there and examine them. He came the n~xt day, accompanied by his whole office force and two drug experts. They went through everything carefully and made a list in Persian. After all this trouble had been taken the Foreign Secretary told the Chief of Customs that as the things we had brought were simply personal outfit and drugs for work in Herat they should be exempted from customs. This was a marked courtesy.

About two years ago the new Amir of Afghanistan sent one of his Viziers, the Minister of the Department of Public Safety, to Herat to reorganize the government here. He is spoken of locally as the "Vizier" and he has a staff of four mudirs. The day after

1924J Iwro A:F'GHANISTAN AT LAS'!'

our arrival two of these 'l1wdirs called to see us, one of them the Vizier's private secretary and the other the Police Commissioner.

They were accompanied by an Afghan doctor who had studied med- icine in India. Dr. Lichtwardt and I had called on one of these men, the Private Secretary, about eight months before when he was visit- ing Meshed. We had asked him to take up our request for permis- sion to visit Herat. He said that he had done so but that the Vizier did not at that time think it advisable, 01', as he said, "worth our while." It was a subsequent request made by our United States Minister in Teheran to the Minister from Afghanistan that was forwarded to Kabul and came back with a favorable reply.

It was not until our third day in Herat that we succeeded in mak- ing a call on the Foreign Secretary.

He is a man of marked ability and told us he would secure an appoint- ment for us to call on the Vizier as soon as he could. VI(e were a little afraid that perhaps women and children might not be able to come to the caravanserai, where we are staying, for treatment, so we asked the Foreign Secretary if it would be possible to procure a house, preferably with a garden.

He said they would try and do so, but as Herat is very congested and all such open places lies well out of the city, we decided to stay where we are. MOSLEM GUARDS OF THE AFGHAN BORDER This morning, the wooden operating table being ready, some smaller tables having been rented, and the drugs being unpacked, the dispensary work began. We will probably keep up now at a steady pace for we have mauy friends here who have received treatment at the hospital at Meshed, and during these days while we were getting ready the whole city has come to know of our being here.

The Educational Inspector-General, another of the Vizier's 1nudirs called on Thursday afternoon. He speaks English readily and we had a long interesting talk with him. There are thirty neWly organized schools in the Herat Province, four of them in the city of Herat. They are elementary schools, up to the fifth grade, and the sending of boys is compulsory. The Inspector says that the program includes compulsory education of the girls too, but they have not arrived at that yet. He told us it would be well for us to write to the

Vizier asking for an appointment to call and said that the Vizier had studied English, in fact, that he had recently received the new ap- , pointment as Minister to Loudon. So in accord with this suggestion we wrote to the Vizier yesterday morning as follows: To the Honorable Vizier, Minister of Public Safety, Herat Province, Dear Sir: As the nearest American neighbors to Herat we have come from Meshed to make a friendly visit to your city. 'Ve have not come in any official capacity and are only able to plan to remain in Herat for two or three weeks. Accordingly we request the honor of an early appointment to call upon you personally, and to answer any questions you may care to ask us.

We would very much appreciate your permission to visit the schools of Herat, and also to see some of the places of historical interest. But our first desire is to render as much medical service as we can to patients who Come to us. A large number of patients are already coming but we do not feel free to do anything for them until we have seen you and secured your gracious approval.

Please do not think that we are impatient in desiring an early appointment to call upon, you, but as we have so short a time to stay in Herat, we must get to work pretty soon if we are to be of any service. Hoping you will grant us the honor of allowing us to make you a friendly visit today if possible, we remain, Faithfully yours, D. M. DONALDSON, M.A., ROLLA E. HOFFMAN, M.D.

This morning We received the following reply from the Vizier: My dear friends: In fact I was touched and overjoyed when I saw your ideas in pure and simple American language, concerning your friendly and unofficial visit. From the day you entered here I was waiting to see you as soon as possible, but owing to some private business I was totally busy, so I was unable to see you. Today, because it was Friday when your letter reached me, I posted your meeting for next day. Today, the 24th of May, 1924, 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I am ready to see you friendly visit. I hope to send you a man of mine to receive you at yours at 1 o'clock in the afternoon and lead you to me.

May 25. 1924.

At the appointed hour the Educational Inspector-General came with a carriage and took us to the private apartments of the Vizier in the Government House. We there met a handsome man of middle age who received us most graciously. He said that it was with very great pleasure that he was having this opportunity to meet Americans for the first time in his life. He had been in India and had known English people, and had met Germans, Italians, and Russians in Afghanistan, but he had never met Americans. There was a curtain at the back of his room with broad red and white stripes. I told him that if he would put a few stars on a blue field in one corner of his curtain he would be sitting before a huge American flag in the ancient palace of Herat. To this he replied that he hoped we would

INTO AFGHANIS'rAN AT LAST

kindly consider that the curtain expressed the same honor. In the course of a delightful visit with him he informed us that we were altogether free to go about the city as we wished and to call on him for a guide or escort any time we chose to do so. Weare free to visit the schools, to go to see places of interest, to proceed with medical work-in fact he gave us the keys of the city.

-When we returned from this call there were a number of patients waiting in the veranda in front of the little operating room which Mrs. Hoffman had gotten ready. One of them was a little girl who had been struck in the eye the day before by a cow's horn. It was still possible for the doctor to sew the torn socket so as to save the eye. The first day of medical work, when summ-ed up in the evening showed over fifty patients, nine surgical appointments, and $38 in medical receipts. Today is Sunday and the doctor is not seeing patients, but tomorrow we expect to see what Herat can send us in the way of a crowd.

There was a change in the weather yesterday and today it continues several degrees cooler, making it easier for everybody, especially for little Betty Hoffman, who- had not been very well on the journey but is quite lively and playful now. Yesterday the onlookers here in the caravanserai AMANULLA KHAN, AMIR OF AFGHANISTAN were much interested in seeing her decked out in Afghan cap and fancy vest and adorned with silver trinkets we bought to take home as souvenirs of our visit.

-While Mrs. Donaldson and I are not free to carryon evang·elistic work here we are finding the work of general investigation and of making friends very agreeable and we hope and pray that this first friendly visit may mean the breaking down of prejudice and the opening of the way for at least educational and medical work by Americans in Herat.

'fRE MISS10NARY REVIEW 01' 'fBB WORLD

HERAT, AFGHANISTAN, June 1, 1924.

We will have been here two weeks tomorrow and hope to stay about a week longer. This trip has been in the nature of a visit, immediately after getting permission to enter the long forbidden country. And it is hard to imagine a more favorable or more in- teresting experience than we have had. The medical work has been nothing short of wonderful which means, of course, that the need _for this sort of work is pathetic. The doctor, Dr. Rolla E. Hoffman, has been seeing over a hundred patients almost every morning and operating each afternoon. The number of operations this week was 69, including two stones in the bladder, 6 or 7 cataracts, and dozens of entropions. There has been much other work of a nature not to be accepted in the short time we can remain here. Some of these people will come to Meshed.

The officials of the city and of the province have shown us every kindness and we have had opportunity to get some conception of the "young Afghan" movement, its purposes, successes, and hopes. The policy of maintaining Afghanistan as a buffer state between India and Russia is appreciated as a distinct injustice to the Afghan people and there is a general eagerness for helpful relations with progressive and well-wishing peoples elsewhere. We Americans enjoy their confidence and appreciate their respect and I hope that the future relations between Afghanistan and the far-away United States may be wholesome and just and helpful.

There are places here of historical interest, going back to the time of 'l'imur; one sees the eight camels mentioned by the ancient Arabian geographers; one can visit the tomb of Maulvi Jamie or go to the shrine of Abdullah Ansari; one can walk comfortably in the covered bazaars built by the ancient Persian kings; and one can ride out to the site of the old bridge at Milan, built originally in the times of the Magians; and repaired receutly by the ruling Vizier. But that which is most impressive to me is the vigor of the people. In spite of the prevalence of terrible diseases there is a racial virility that is felt in the spirit of the country. There is also a frankness of speech, a direct way of agreeing to or of refusing transactions that pleases the American taste after experience with other Oriental peoples. The Afghans are a people who are still free in spirit, who still have their Inorale, of whom we can have high hopes in the future.

Here in Herat there are Sunnis and Shiahs and Jews. Reli- gious toleration is to a certain extent a recognized fact. When Christian countries do their duty in helping this remote little kingdom as opportunity may be afforded, medically, educationally, and indus- trially, there will be a direct and honest inquiry into the ethical and religious beliefs of those who prove themselves to be true friends.

THE CAPITAL. OF

A Visit to the Afghan Frontier BY EUGENE STOCK, D.e.L., LONDON, ENGLAND Author of "The Illstory of the Church Missionary Society"

F ROM Lahore, the capital of the Panjab, where the two famous veterans of the American Presbyterian Mission, Newton and Forman, did so noble a work, it is a day and night journey by rail to Peshawar, the frontier city of Afghanistan. It was in the middle of the nineteenth century that the Panjab came under British rule after a British army had been destroyed in the disastrous Afghan War. This induced the Sikhs of the Panjab to invade British territory ana after two short campaigns they were defeated and their country annexed in 1849. From that time Peshawar became an important center, both civil and military.

How came a Christian mission to be established in the bigoted Mohammedan Afghan city of Peshawar~ Shortly after the British occupation, some earnest Christian officers began to pray that a mission might be started. No Englishmen were allowed in so dangerous a place, or even to cross the Indus, except the officials and their families and the troops. Two officers of the army, Major Martin and Dr. Farquhar, went to the Commissioner and boldly asked leave to send for a missionary. "Certainly not," was the reply; "Do you want us all to be killed?" A few months later, that Commissioner was actually murdered by an Afghan and when another Commissioner was appointed, the two officers went to him with the same 709

request. " Certainly, " was his response; "call a meeting to in- augurate a mission and I will take the chair." That Commissioner was Sir Herbert Edwardes, one of the noblest Christian soldiers ever in India. The meeting was called, and the few who attended were praying men and women connected with the Army or the Govern- ment. Sir Herbert Edwardes made a speech which has been printed again and again, and which can never be read without thankful ad- . miration. His closing words were: "We are much safer if we do our duty than if we neglect it; and He who has brought us here with His own right arm will shield and bless us, if in simple reliance upon Him we try to do His will." In a few days $15,000 was contributed by those civil and military officers to start a mission; the Church Missionary Society responded to the appeal, and sent two first-class men, Robert Mark and Karl Pfander. Major Martin, retiring from the army, joined them as an honorary missionary in 1854.

When I visited Peshawar thirty-nine vears later I found the city and its people very different fro'm othe; great Indian cities. It looked more like a Mohammedan city, with streets full of tall, bearded men, wea:ring large white turbans. Some came from the mountains and were clothed in sheep-skins. Very few women were to be seen and these few wore the well-known long white garment, covering head and face, and leaving only small apertures for the eyes. Very few horses were to be seen, but plenty of asses, and many camels. All round the city was a mud wall, ten feet high, without many gates. Outside, at one end, was the large" cantonment," where the British community lived. No English lady, resident or sojourning there, would venture inside the gates without a man to protect her. She might be safe from actual violence, but not from unspeakably gross -insults. Yet within the walls, and at the opposite end of the city, a small band of devoted ladies were willing to run such risks if by means of their female hospital and schools they could influence the Afghan women. .

Within the city there was a beautiful little Christian church, not for the British community but for the native congregation. It was built by a former English missionary, who in after years was an Episcopal minister in New York. In that city of the Crescent he lifted up the Cross on the small dome or cupola high above the dense mass of houses surrounding, and the church itself was built cruciform. He overcome the opposition to the cross by a singular concession to native sensibilities. When one ascended the winding steps, the bell tolled to warn the people in the surrounding houses that some one was going up, and would step out on the balcony encircling the dome. This warned the women who worked and cooked and minded the children and gossiped on the fiat roofs that an inquisitive infidel foreigner might see them! From that vantage-point scores of roofs could be seen with every sign of domestic life, but not a single human

A VISIT TO THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

being; all fled "to covel'," as when a German air raid was on in London. The promise always to toll that bell so pleased the Moslems that they refrained from opposing the building of the church. Inside, one transept was curtained off, in order that "purdah" women (i. e., the zenana ladies never to be seen by outsiders) might be able to come to public worship. In the opposite transept was a baptistery with a tank for adult baptisms by immersion. The nave was divided halfway down by a red cord, which only Christians might pass, while non-Christians sat or stood behind it. Symbolism like this suits the Indian mind, as it suited the Early Church; hence the cruciform shape and the gilt cross on the dome. Otherwise the church looked Oriental, there was nothing Western in the general design, nothing either Gothic or classical. The congregation was mostly made up of converts from Islam. Their pastor, the Rev. Imam Shah, had been a Mohammedan, but had been led to the inquiry which brought him to Christ by hearing another converted Moslem praying aloud to God as "Our Father' '-so strange an expression to votaries of the Koran.

In the Mission High School a large number of boys, mostly Mohammedans, received a good education. This High School has been much developed since my visit. It is now the Edwardes College, named after that great Christian soldier who inaugurated the Peshawar Mission; and it ranks in the government educational system as a first-grade college. A large Medical Mission has also been opened and is resorted to, not merely by sick people from the city and the neighboring villages, but also by patients from many mountain tribes beyond the Frontier. The medical missionary there for several years was the late brilliant physician, Dr. Pennell. He was a cousin of Lord Roberts, who wrote a preface to the doctor's book on the "Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier." His widow, one of the well-known Sorabji family of Poona, is herself a highly qualified doctor, and is still helping in the hospital. Thus, by preaching, by teaching, by healing, the seed of the Gospel is being diligently and faithfully sown upon one of tb.e hardest mission fields in the world.

A MISSIONARY'S EQUIPMENT A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit. A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs. A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly place. Tact in dealing with men and adaptability toward circumstances. Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement. IJove for communion with God· and for the study of His Word. Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home. A healthy body and a vigorous mind.-J. Hudson Taylor.

FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIS,SIONARY

Top RouJ<–(Ielt to right}-Mrs. H. B. Mul!ord. Mrs. G. W. Park, Mrs. J. W. B. Gill. Mrs. Laura Hyde Foote. Mrs. Charles Bayliss Hill.

MJss Mary E. Schneder, Mrs. J. G. Wengatz, Mrs. .Mary Harned. Mrs. S. L Vfoodbridge, M.D., Dr. S. 1. Yoodbridge, Rev. J. P. Moore, Miss Martha R. Stacy. }/11fl.S Bernice Wood. Second Rou;-Miss Este-l1e Files, Mrs. John A. Otte. Miss Frances Cully. 'Miss Lillian Holm.es. Miss Laura Latimer, Mrs. Wm. C. Gault. Dr. A. W. Greeman, Mrs. Grace D. Carson. Rev. F. S. Carson, Dr. F. G-, Wengatz, MrA. H. ~r. Flagg, Third R01v–Rev. Alfred .Jennings, Mrs. Alfred Jennings, Miss Cora Sydney. Miss Anna Forrest, 11138 Mary A. Funk. Dr. L. L. UhI, Dr. Chas. Drees, Mrs. W. A. Shantz, Dr. F. E. Coan, Mrs. F. E. Coan. Miss Mary CaroHne Bolmes. MiRS Alice F"isher. Fo~rth Row-l'lrs. M. A. Church, Miss Edith Beyerle. Miss 'Mable Ryan. 'Mrs. C. P.V . Merritt, Mrs. F. K. Gates, Miss Anna E. Long, Dr. L. B. Wolf, Rev. H. 'V. F1agg. Mrs. A. Downsley. :1rs. .J. Stallner Stf'ne. Fifth Row-Rpv. D. Norman, Rev. Roy Vernon, Dr. Frank K. Sanders, Etlgar Mer ritt. Mrs. E. L. ::]erritt, Miss Ethel illiller, Dr. J. SUmner Stone, Mrs. Alice Williams.

"The Power of Christ in Missions Today"

A REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION CONFERENCE Clifton Springs, New York, June 4 to 8, 1924 REPORTED BY PERSIS CORNISH VAN HOESEN, NEW YORK It would be a great day for the for- to the International Missionary Union eign missionary enterprise if the noble for five days each year. This genermen and women, who met at Clifton ous piece of missionary work on the Springs, having been in Christ's serv- part of the Sanitarium brings its own blessing to the missionaries and to ice in other lands, could be set down in the village by the contacts with these every community in the United States men and women of God and.their and given the opportunity to show thrilling tales of the great change that their cheery faces and fervent spirit God's love works in the hearts of men and to repeat their tales as told at the in all quarters of the globe. Oonference of the International Missionary Union this year. No one, even POWER OF CHRIST IN INDIA the most hardened "unbelievers" in foreign missions, could listen for five At the opening session of the Condays to these modern heroes and re- ference Dr. .John Lichty, superinmain untouched. Something almost tendent of the Sanitarium briefly: undefinable seems to distinguish them welcomed the missionaries and Dr. from other men and women, while they are still among the world's most vital Charles Drees responded by saying forces. The fire and intensity and that the purpose and spirit of the love of Christ's spirit seem to shine International Missionary Union is one from these representatives of the Man of unity, sympathy, mutual underof Galilee, who have obeyed literally standing and cooperation. It stands His command "Go and preach. . . . . disinterestedly for a program of soliunto the uttermost part of the earth. " darity and unity of Christian service all over the world. The theme of the About seventy-five foreign mission- Conference, "The Power of Christ in aries representing fourteen mission Missions 'foday," was the subject of areas and twenty mission boards gath- the opening address of the Conferered at Clifton Springs for the Forty- ence, delivered on Wednesday evening first Annual Meeting of the Interna- by Bishop Frank W. Warne, of the tional Missionary Union on June 4th to enjoy five daYB of fellowship and Methodist Church, who has spent conference. While not so largely at- thirty-seven years in India. tended as some in former years, this Conference was pronounced one of the God sent us Jesus Christ, said finest in spirit, inspiration, and prac- Bishop Warne, and He is the Gospel. tical aid to the missionary. 'fhe people of India have six systems of philosophy which have been devel- oped through many centuries. Being The tiny village tucked away in the great philosophers themselves, they do hills of New York is one of God's not easily fall in love with the philosbeauty spots. The Sanitarium was ophies of Christianity, but they do originally planned as a place of re- fall in love with the marvelous percuperation for foreign missionaries at Bonality of Jesus Christ. home on furlough, and the spirit of great peace and good will pervades' In the old days of mission work, the whole place. While the scope has any individual who was ready for it enlarged one feels instinctively the received baptism. After baptism, he splendid spirit of hospitality extended went back to his peopl-e-an outcaste, ridiculed, persecuted. Now a change 713 4

is gradually being brought about for there have not yet heard the message when a man or woman desires bap- of Jesus. tism, he is told to go back to his village and there to try to win others to Jesus also said: "The Kingdom of Christ. "Let us work together," the Heaven is like unto leaven, " the missionary tells him, "until we get a slowly permeating force, which, like community-a community that desires Christian truth, pervades whole combaptism." The man goes back, helps munities with an entirely new atmoto win his community with the mis- sphere, so that villages are led to acsionary's aid, so that often the whole cept Christ. We never would have village is baptized together. The re- heard of Mahatma Gandhi, if he had sult, of course, is a lessening of perse- not heard of Jesus Christ. Two cution because instead of one Chris- planks in Gandhi's platform were tian in a community, there are many. first, the elevation of the outcastes of India and second, "non-resistance." In the preparation for baptism the Gandhi says that he got the first con- Lord's Prayer is taught and strangely ception from the saying of Christ affects the hearts of the inquirers. "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, Bishop Warne told of a group that because he hath anointed me to preach was learning the prayer and where all the Gospel to the poor; he hath sent were making good progress except one me to. heal the broken-hearted, to old woman. She came to class each preach deliverance to the captives, time, but could not be induced to say and the recovery of sight to the blind, more than "Our Father who art in to set at liberty them that are bruised, heaven." Finally, when she was asked to preach the acceptable year of the why she would say no more, she smiled Lord." The" non-resistance" or and said, "Pastor, what's the neces- soul-force conception came to him sity ~ Is not that enough for an old through the reading of the story of woman like me 1" This womau was the sufferings of Christ when, after one of the untouchables-hard to His arrest, they smote Him, mocked reach, but she found such joy in Him, scourged Him, crucified Hlim, the fact of "Our Father who art in and He "answered not a word." The Heaven" that she no longer thought power of evil broke His body, but His of herself as an outcaste, nor as an soul-force broke the Roman Empire untouchable, but as a child of God. and He i!:l still marching triumph- That old Woman represents between antly through the centuries. If Gand- 60 and 70 million people in India who hi had been true to what he calls the are branded by the Hindu religion as "Jesus program," he never would untouchables. have been arrested, but when he al- lowed himself to become the tool of Jesus spoke of The Kingdom of political extremists, they persuaded Heaven as likened' unto a mustard him to call 320 millions of people to seed, one of the smallest of seeds that civil disobedience and mob violence became one of the greatest of herbs. resulted. Gandhi was imprisoned to When the first missionaries went out save India from itself but when the to India, it took thirty years to win excitement died down he was released. the first 10,000 converts to Christ. Gandhi's future depends upon his rrhat number has now increased so loyalty to a program that he learned from Christ. If he remains true to that in India alone there are five mil- this program and his Oriental spiritlion Christians. From that first 10,- ual interpretation of the teachings of 000, won in 30 years, the number has Christ, he may have a great mission grown to 10,700 in one month, in one to all nations and may make a large mission. That is the bright side of contribution toward the peace of the Christian work in I India; but the world. 'fhe only hope of the world is other side-the side' that whitens the in a great spiritual movement and missionary's hair-is that three hundred and fifteen millions of people

"THE POWER OF CHRIST IN MISSIONS TODAY;"

only a spiritual movement under God The first open forum was in charge can save the world from war. The of Dr. Frank K. Sanders who intro- spirit of Christ must permeate the duced the subject "'rhe Missionary nations. and Scientific Research." He said 'fhe 37th National Congress of that demands come from every side, India, representing 7 to 10 millions from young and veteran missionaries, of people, met recently to interpret the indigenous church, from every- the thinking of Inilia. Twenty years where, for the exercise of increasing ago if anyone had named J esns in care in the selection of missionaries.

such a meeting he would have been These must be of the best possible hissed from the platform. In this type. The general trend of the dis- last gathering, neither Mohammed, cussion pointed to the fact that in nor Buddha, nor Confucius were these days the missionary must al- quoted once, but Jesus Christ was ways think of himself as a student.

quoted with approval seventy-two He must first of all be a student of times. It is tremendously significant the Bible, of the people of his own that politicians in India today feel particulal' field, its religion and its that they can win votes if they can language; but he must not confine his make the people believe they are fol- attention to one small field. The best lowing Jesus Christ. India has caught missionary is one with an interna- the vision that the best of everything tional mind. He must also be striving is in Jesus. Recently when a group continually to improve himself-his of non-Christian lawyers met at a personality, his mind, and his talents banquet in Madras they hired a clown in order to fit into the conditions he who caused a great deal of laughter meets. Sound common sense, practi- by ridiculing their own gods, but ('al judgment and a Christian spirit when he began to put Jesus in the are often of greater value than a tech- same class, instead of laughter he was nical knowledge of theological dogma.

met with silence, disgust, then hissing The value of a "hobby" to the misand finally a recall from the platform. sionary was emphasized. Such a side 'fhe Arya Samaj, a great sect of over interest, if it has practical value, is a twenty million people, have organized stimulus to an overburdened mind to bring back Hinduism from its and heart. A missionary, in followpresent degenerate state to its ancient ing his own particular hobby, often ideals. But when they begin to preach follows lines that have helped great original Hinduism they have to scholars in their research work. For preach against caste, untouchableness, instance, his knowledge of the indigchild marriage, enforced widowhood, enous religion of the people among idolatry, intemperance – in f act whom he works is often of inestimable against the very things Christianity value to the scholar who has not such preaches against. Someone has called intimate contact. Photography, archethem the John the Baptists of India ology, literature, folk lore, traditions, for they do more to help the cause of music, are all side lines which a mis- Christianity in one year in a negative sionary may follow and which may be way than many foreign missionaries of value to the world at large while can do in a score of years. In India, at the same time they help the in America, everywhere, the need of missionary to meet his own needs. the hour is a great forward spiritual For example, Dr. Cornelius Van Dyk revival for without this intellectual was a missionary in Syria whose fameattainment may bring only evil. as an Arabic translator of the Bible SUCCESSFUL MISSIONARIES has extended far and wide; Dr. Bird The morning sessions of the Confer- was a missionary whose collection of ence were devoted to open discussions fossils was of sufficient importance to while in the evenings addresses were be bought by the British Museum. Dr.

given on the topic of the day. John H. deForest of Tokio, because

of his mastery of ,Japanese traditions ISLAM'S GREATEST FOE and history, was able to overcome the -The theme for the Thursday eveprejudices of many Japanese stu- ning session "The Power of Christ as dents. The Department of Agricul- Seen in the Work of the Missionary" ture in Washington was greatly inter- was introduced by Dr. W oUe, who ested in a recent visit of Dr. Sanders called upon five missionaries, repreto inquire how a nllssionary could senting respectively Persia, the Bel. help by discoveries in his own field. gian Congo, the P.hilippines, Japan, "The Obligation of the Mission to and the Yunnan-Burman Border.

the Junior Missionary" was outlined Dr. Coan, out of a wide experience by Reverend Philip Allen Swartz in Persia, stated that Islam today is who pointed out three things. (1) disintegrating. While 260 million The importance of early environment Moslems are the greatest foe of Chris- in language and customs. In China tianity, the power of Christ is the only the young missionary by attending a thing that Islam fears. The religion language school can learn to speak be- of love is conquering the religion of fore the end of the year if he is ready the sword. More changes have been to do his own part. (2) The work made in Persia in the last twenty into which the young missionary years than in any five hundred previ- comes should be carefully planned. It ous years. Modern inventions for is hard for a young missionary to ac- communication and transportation quire immeqiately the patience that have helped tremendously. Whereas comes with· a long look ahead. Con- in 1844 it took ninety days to go from sideration should be given to his eager T-,ondon to reach the nearest port in desire to do something immediately. Persia, now it takes only ten days. God has made the world smaller and It would seE'm well to give him some- we are more interested in our neighthing to do, commensurate with his bors across the sea because we know ability, in order to give expression to about them. his desire to be of service. (3) There is growth-the guiding the young mis- Turkey has lost so milch territory sionaries in studying the customs, by the war that its twenty-six million the people and problems. Young mis- Mohammedans have been reduced to sionaries sometimes question whether eight millions. A great mass movethe veterans make it easy for them to find their own particular grooves. ment is now on foot to make Turkey They sometimes feel that they are a country exclusively for Turks. At looked upon with suspicion because the same time they are beginning to they are young and inexperienced. realize the fallacy of their own reli- gion and are trying to separate state from religion. The promises of Islam Dr. Frederick Coan of Persia said are not fulfilled and the people are that no one was more anxious to help losing faith in their own religion.

the young missionary than those who 'rhey find it inadequate to meet pres- had experience on the field, but that ent conditions. The people are reject- frequently young missionaries pre- ing Mohammedauism but are becom- clude by assuming a "know it all" ing agnostics, atheists. Today the attitude. Eventually experience leads people of Persia are ready for the them to ask advice. The missionary Gospel. Every village is open, pro- must be a leamer as well as a teacher. vided it is entered with tact and with He must have a receptive mind and, the spirit of Christian love. The above all things, must avoid harsh Bible is being sold and distributed criticisms of native customs. Such in every direction and is gradually criticism hurts, not the native, but the undermining Islam.

missionary himself. Adaptability is Dr. Webster Tyler of Bogoro, Bel- the keynote of success in missionary gian Congo, spoke of his field as the work. open door which men have long tried

"THE POWER OF CHRIST IN MISSrONS TODAY"

to shut. He went" to Africa as a pio- of the emmtry prohibiting Christian- neer, blazing trails, living in mud huts ity, have not only long since disap- without as much as the medium of a peared, but the Prime Minister of written language to help him. Within Japan now reads the Bible because he a year converts were being won in is interested in the high standard of gratifying numbers and now the truth that it advocates. The Japanese trained Christian natives are doing are hospitable and have an inherent home missionary work among their desire for honesty. At the time of own people. The power of God will the earthquake, an American firm was break the power of Satan. Dr. Tyler completely destroyed. Within a few told of one missionary who went out .weeks, $35,000 were remitted to the 10 Africa not believing in such truths firm from customers in various parts- taught in the New Testament as virgin ef the country, each one explaining birth and deity of Christ. .!<'inally, that he had heard of the disaster to recognizing his own inability to give the firm and enclosed the amount of the natives the message they needed, the last invoice.

the man was forced to return horne. The Reverend H. W. Flagg, who In that vicinity there are one thou- has been doing work for eight years sand square miles without a mission- on the Yunnan-Burma border, that ary. They have had Mohammedanism section of China which is as yet almost but they know that it has no power to a closed door to missionaries, de- lift them up. Dr. Tyler made a strong scribed the mcn and women of that plea for missionaries who are thor- gection as polite to the stranger, but oughly trained and emphasized the opposed to the Gospel. It is a vast great necessity of getting back to opium growing country. When the Olivet and looking into the face of first converts joined the mission they Christ in order that we may see the were allowed to contillue their work of open door that He has set before us. raising opium, because that was their THE PHILIPPINES AND JAPAN chief means of livelihood. The mis- sionaries soon saw what a mistake had Miss Cora Sydney, a nurse in the been made, and now the candidate for Philippines, told an interesting story baptism must give up opium raising of the difficulties of establishing a . before he is accepted, or before he is Protestant Church in a country where allowed to read the mission books.

the people are steeped in Roman Cath- WHAT OF THE FUTURE? olic superstition. Some missionaries see only the sordidness while others The" Future of Denominationalism see in the same thing great possibili- in the Indigenous Church" and the ties. Of the twelve spies who were "Relation of the Mission to the In- sent into the promised land only two digenous Church" were the subjects could find anything good to report, discussed on Friday morning. Dr.

yet all had equal opportunity. As ,Woodbridge said that the Chinese are Christians we must see the difficulties taking control in church affairs and as insignificant in comparison with the he expressed the opinion that it is bet- power of God instead of seeing our ter to let each denomination, each difficulties as giants in comparison church carry on alone, rather than to with our own strength. There is great try to force a union of churches.

joy in teaching the Filipinos, because Dr. J. P. Moore said that it is dif- of the eagerness of the people to re- ficult to prophesy concerning the fu- ceive the Wora of God. ture of denominationalism in Japan.

Rev. D. Norman of Nagano, Shin- At present the Japanese take little shu, Japan, regards that country as stock in denominationalism becanse the most progressive in abolishing il- they do not have a denominational literacy. The official notice boards that heritage. 'rhere is a great Church of were formerly posted in all sections Christ in Japan and the Japanese

strongly favor a greater union. Co- him as He guided the early Christians operation is popular. After the de- whom Paul left to carryon the work.

struction of fifty-two churches in In Guntur, South India, there are .Yokohama and Tokio, the papers more native ministers than there are made a strong plea for greater effi- foreign missionaries. The Mission ciency through no overlapping. In Board supports hospitals and schools Japan, the missionary must decrease, and the church supports itself. In the native Christian must increase. Calcutta, the church is so organized The missionary may give advice un- that laymen perform every function obtrusively, but the Japanese can in the church that laymen perform in govern their own Church even better New York.

'than the foreign missionary. The greater part of the session on Mrs. Charles Bayliss Hill, of India, .B'riday evening was given up to a said that denominationalism in the in- disr.ussion of the United Church Move- digenous Church is doomed to disap- ment in the mission fields. Dr. San- pear. The people forget their differ- ders mentioned the recent Union ences of doctrines in common work. Movement of Methodist, Presbyteri- The people of India desire leadership ans, and Congregationalists in Can- by their own people. The country is ada. He said: "What can take place divided into such large districts that there can take place anywhere if the there is no occasion for denomina- people want it." The United Church tional rivalry, such .as is found in in South India includes six denomina- many small towns in America. Each tions and two others are considering church works in its own special field the advisability of joining. Dr. Chung and there is no need to dwell on dif- Ching-yi, one of the foremost Chris- ferences but only to preach the Gospel tians in China, has often spoken of the Lord .Jesus Christ. This should heartily in favor of a united Church.

be the aim of every missionary and He says that the Chinese can see no every Christian. good reason for denominational dis- In South America, in the relation of tinctions. the Mission to the indigenous Chnrch, There are good possibilities of such said Dr. Charles Drees of the Meth- a movement in Japan. As soon as a native church is established, it organodist Episcopal Mission, the equal izes at once its own missionary socieright of every believer is recognized. ties to extend the work. Any true The local church is organized to unite church of Christ must manifest a those who have been brought to Christ missionary spirit. and is governed by the native Chris- tians and the missionaries, who are on Rev. J. G. Wengatz of Africa re- an absolute equality so far as church ported that the work in his adopted government is concerned. The only country is not far enough advanced to preeminence is due to difference in consider a union although there is a experience or ability. The unordained strong spirit of service. To illustrate men are subject to a conference, the the fine spirit of cooperation, he told majority of whom are native minis- the story of a beggar, who was hor- ters. In this way the missionaries are ribly diseased and totally blind. The developing a self-propagating, se1£- man subsist€d entirely on charity supporting Church. from the mission. When contribu- A missionary must keep in mind tions for a new church were called for, four things: First, To work for the this almost destitute beggar asked to native; second, to work with the na- be allowed to contribute his portion tive; third, to let the native work of alms for three weeks to assist in the with him; and fourth, to let the na- construction. The people fiocked tive work alone. First plan the work from far and wide to bring their with the native, then leave him to tithes, giving freely for the glory of work out the plan. God will guide God.

"THE POWER OF CHRIST IN MISSIONS 'l'ODAY"

Miss Mary Caroline Holmes, of the more education. Dr. Coan told of forty women who attended a meeting Near East Relief, said that the Prot- of the Persian Congress, where a cerestant Church there was called the tain amendment to the constitution Gospel Church, without any denomi- was beiIlg considered. Upon entering national label. It is founded on the the council chamber, they suddenly Gospel and each man and woman con- displayed revolvers which they had siders himself or herself a torch bearer carried under their robes, and point- ing them at the men assembled, said to share the light with others. Dr. S. I. Woodbridge, in speaking of the Chinese, said that we should "Weare here to see that you, 0UI' "Give them the Gospel and let them husbands and sons, vote right. Now, work ont their ecclesiastical salvation if you do not, you will not return in their own way." He told an inter- home." 'fhe revolvers proved effecesting story of the work in Shanghai tive enough to put the measure done by Christian natives, and ex- through.

pressed the belief that China will As a sign that the New Woman some day be almost entirely a Chris- lIovement is growing Miss Holmes tian nation. 'l'he older churches are reported that in l<Jgypt, Moslem branching out to establish new ones women recently marched the streets and more and more are becoming self- of Cairo, four abreast, with uncovered supporting. Before long there will be faces, demanding equal rights with no neetl for contributions from Amer- mpn. In Constantinople the lattices ica to support the work in China. have been removed from houses by law and the men are forbidden to WHITHER-FORWARD OR BACK 1 wear the green turban which was for- "Is the Oriental World Getting merly worn to indicate that they had Better or Worse 9' , In opening this been to Mecca.

discussion Dr. Coan reported that The Reverend Alfred Jennings said from one angle it is improving, but he would not dare to say that while, from another it is decidedly degener- from a Christian standpoint, China ating. Contact with the West has may not be getting worse, it is certain introduced into the Orient many evils that the oriental unbeliever is no bet- such as liquor saloons. It is against ter. Shansu, known as the model Moslem law to drink intoxicants. In province of China, is different from Bagdad, the British have introduced all the others. It is free from brig- many improvements-new buildings, ands ; the people are restful; foot paved streets, purified water, and binding is practically aboli8hed; chil- modern transportation facilities. In dren are compelled to go to school; course of conversation with the Amer- many improvements, such as better ican Consul, Dr. Coan asked him as to roads and modern sanitation have been the effect that British occupation had instituted. The governor has also start- had on the city. Consul Owens, a very ed Sunday services for moral im- excellent man, said: "In spite of mod- provement, after the fashion of the ern improvements, the moral standard Christian Church, in which an address is decidedly lower. Before Western is delivered which generally carries a occupation there were no saloons or moral, after which fifteen minutes are houses of prostitution. Now there are devoted to silence for the investiga- many." tion of the heart. In spite of many On the other hand, there is a much "reforms, graft and selfishness prevail.

greater readiness on the part of the "The people are disappointed for their people of the East to accept new ideas. great hopes have not been realized Persia is nominally a republic but the with the coming of the republic. Be- people have no idea what a republic cause of the increase of modern im- means. The women of the East are provements, many natives feel no need beginning to demand more liberty and for, the Gospel. They have what ap-

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 0]' THE WORLD [Septembej'

pear to them to be all the comforts twentieth century civilization upon a first century people and expect them of life. to grasp at sight everything that we The native Chinese, even though have gleaned from generations of an- not Christian, have great faith in the cestors. " promises of the native Qhristian church. When it was necessary to Statistically speaking, Japan has build a dyke in a certain section, the made a great advance since 1872 when men in the neighborhood were asked the first church was established in to help build the dyke, and were prom· Japan with 11 members. They celeised in return, a share of the reclaimed brated their 50th anniversary with land for their rice growing. They re- 1,500 members. There are now 1,615 plied, "All right, we will do it, if the Christian churches in Japan with church stands behind it. We know 225,000 members. There is a trethey will keep their promises." mendous advance in social life. A national consciousness has sprung up Dr. L. L. Uhl reported that India is with better ideals. Educational values becoming more dishonest intellectual- have been raised. Due to Christian ly, Hindus are not learning their influence, and through the W. C. T. U., own original religion, but neither are the government authorities of Japan they learning anything to take its have established a social service buplace. They pride themselves on delv- reau. They recognize that Christianing for the truth and upholding it, ity is a leavening power. but they q.eny personality. They assume the false attitude that because Illustrating to what extent Christithey think a thing is true, it must anity has taken hold of Japan, Mr. needs be so. Norman told the story of an indus- trial concern in Japan, the sharehold- SIGNS OF PROGRESS ers of which were all Christians. An offer came asking them to supply ex- As indications of the advance of plosives for the government. The Christianity in mission lands, Dr. shareholders were called together to Coan said that Persia and Turkey consider the offer, but in spite of the seem hopeless. Out of the 150,000 tremendous profit which would have Christians who lived there before the resulted, they refused the offer bewar, only about 40,000 are left. Every- cause as Christians they could not ask thing has been destroyed. Villages God's blessing upon such a transacare deserted. The Turkish Govern- tion. The same firm refused to make ment has put restrictions upon all cigarette holders, although it would reconstruction work, even to the med- have been a great source of income. ical help, saying they have enough Another Christian firm in Japan, doctors of their own. The sight of before it declares a dividend, gives Christian martyrs has, however, weak- one tenth of its profits to some ened the .Mohammedans in their own Christian undertaking, Another inreligion. "What is it," they ask, cident which shows the great advance "that makes them so true, so joyous, of Christianity in pagan lands oceven in their martyrdom 1" curred when a group of Christians in China sent contributions to Japanese "Christianity," said Dr. Wood- Christians at the time of the earthbridge, "is not the giving of alms to quake-this in spite of the intense the poor, nor the building of roads in political hatred between the two China, nor carrying eastward all the countries. Only Christianity could do improvements of a modern city-not that. any of these things 1s Christianity, but the calling out from the world; The general spirit regarding the not giving men the kingdoms of the future of the Oriental world and the world, but showing them the splendors advance of Christianity leads us to of the kingdom of heaven-this is hope and confidence in the power of true Christianity. You cannot put the

"1'HE POWER OF CHRIST IN MISSIONS TODAY"

Christ to lift up the world, said Dr. :story of which she told by request.

Sanders. The comparatively small About 5,000 women and children were bands of Christians in Japan, China, huddled together in an old church India. and other mission lands wield through which the Turks were firing a rellitively great influence. at the French, who were in the rear.

After a number of the defenseless A NEW NATION people had been killed, Miss Holmes On Saturday evening, Miss Mary suddenly thought of securing an Caroline Holmes, who has spent a American flag, and immediately set number of years in Turkey and Syria out to find one. She looked everywhere rE'presenting the Near East Relief, in vain and was about to give up in gave an illustrated lecture on her despair, when the thought occurred to thousands of Armenian and Syrian her that she could make one. With children. the help of some women she collected pieces of turkey red and of white "Christianity," said Miss Holmes, calico of which their dresses are made; "is more than a name. It is a life of then she found some blue in an old action. The greatest piece of applied dye vat and began to construct a flag. Christianity is relieving the father- After sonie difficulty in making the less and widows. Looking into the five pointed stars, the flag, six feet faces of little children and finding long, was finally completed one day there nothing but fear; seeing little at sunset. "If you suddenly saw your bodies tortured with disease and cov- own flag, when hope was almost gone, ered with vermin; and to these little you would have done what I didones bringing joy and cheer and com- baptize it with your tears and kisses." fort and love have been a part of our With great hope the flag was run up service." One day Miss Holmes sud- over the church and a letter was sent denly realized that she had never to the Turkish governor, couched in heard one of those children cry, and the clLstomary polite official language, when she asked why not, one of them but meaning "touch it if you dare." said: "We have shed all our tears. The Turks dared not and withdrew. We have none left." "Later when I saw them play and laugh, I felt that Turkey is today trying to emerge I had done one thing at least," said out of chaos without knowing how.

Miss Holmes. We must not be too harsh with Turkey One wee six-year-old girl who had for she has no background. The just had her first bath and her first Turks want a fair chance. If we will clean clothes, was so happy that she think better of them, they will be betcaressed her new pink dress and her ter. Give Turkey a chance.

shoes-real shoes-and was so filled "LIFTING UP CHRIST" with ecstasy that she began to sing for the first time. Following a beautiful consecration Traveling along the Euphrates hour on Sunday morning Bishop F.

River Miss Holmes. came upon 250 T. Keeney, for the past four years children wandering with no adult in stationed at aFnonocuhaolwse, rmSoonu,thbaCsehdinoa~ sight to feed or guide or care for them. delivered the Their fathers and mothers and older the text: "And I, if I be lifted up brothers had been massacred and there from the earth will draw all men un- was nothing for them to do but drift to me" (John 12: 32). He said, in with the other children. They were part: all taken to an orphanage and as Christ is the outstanding person- many were too small to know the ality in all history. His is the domi- names of their parents, Miss Holmes nant voice. Greater than anything He gave them her own name. ever said was Christ Himself. Greater Miss Holmes carries in her Testa- , than any act of His was Jesus behind ment one star of an American flag the the act. So challenging was His per-

sonality, that there is no need of argu- to be lifted out. Then came Jesus ment. When He declared Himself Christ and when He saw the man He the Son of God, that utterance car- leaped down into the pit and lifted ried its own conviction. When He him out of its depths." The crowd on the street corners can said "I am the light of the world," so luminous was His light there was easily understand such stories that no need of proof. The crucified, the prepare the way for the story of living Christ is sufficient to hold the Christ. hearts of men everywhere. The world If we are faithful at home and in must yet recognize Him as Master. mission lands in lifting up Christ that Every utterance of Christ was ac- men may see His face and hear His companied by acts which no one can words, we shall be hastening the time question. He not only uttered the when the kingdoms of this world shall beatitudes, but He lived them. He bccome the kingdoms of the Lord.

prayed before he exhorted others to WOMEN'S MEETING pray. Jesus commanded us to go about doing good, but he set an ex- On Friday afternoon the Women's ample of "doing good" so that those Meeting was in charge of Mrs. WalteI'

who loved Him would notice and do Mason. The group of thirty-two wom- likewise. Christ's personality is a en members of the Union, represent- challenge. Education fails if not ing 568 years of service in the foreign dominated by Christ. Social service, fields, sang in chorus "Jesus Loves ethics-all fail unless Christ is the Me, " each one singing in the tongne center. We must see His face; we of her own mission field. Then a rep- must feel His heart pulse. He must resentative from each field gave a be the center of mission work. A man glimpse of her work illustrating the went out to India to try by argument power of Christ to lift up even the to persuade the people that their own most hopeless humanity. Mrs. Mary religions were wrong. He gained Gorbold of Japan told the story of little by this method, so he began to a man, not a Christian, who brought lift up Jesus without controversy, and his little daughter to her school be- then he began to reap a harvest of cause he knew she would be safe. "I souls. . have brought my fool of a daughter On a pUlpit in Rochester from to you. Her fool of a mother stayed which Bishop Keeney spoke were at home," he said. His attitude was carved the wordR: "Sir, we would see full of scorn, but still he brought the Jcsus." How much better than con- child to the Christian school and troversy is the exaltation of Christ. eventually she became a fine, earnest The eloquence of these native Christian, and brought her family and preachers is illustrated by one who entire village to Christ.

was preaching on a street corner. Dr. Woodbridge, of Shanghai, said "Sin," he said, "had dug a pit and the Chinese have a wonderfully fine man had fallen into it. His struggles recuperative power, considering their to get out only made him sink deeper absolute lack of sanitation. The hos- and deeper into the mire. Confucius pital takes care of between fifty and passed by and expressed his profound sixty thousand patients a year, and sorrow, ending by saying 'If you had while the work is vital, it is only a followed my advice, you would not means to an end. Many who come for have fallen.' Buddha came along, physical healing go away with the and being nearly overcome with pity Gospel in their hearts. One woman said to the struggling man, 'If you who was a patient in the hospital for will climb up and give me your hand, several weeks, went away without in- I 'Hlift you up.' But the man was so timating that she had any interest in deep in the mire that he couldn't the Gospel. A long time after, an climb high enough to reach the hand evangelist told of a native woman who

"THE POWER OF CHRIST IN MISSIONS '£ODAY"

had converted her entire neighborhood ing, and developing. Each year affords a and it was ultimately discovered that she was the same woman who had been greater confidence a more assured accepttreated in the hospital. ance of the Gospel as the power of God unto Miss Sydney told of her work in a hospital in the Philippines where they the redemption of peoples and a greater take native girls for training. Before the year passes, everyone who comes willingness to spend and be spent in His for training is a Christian. Her hospital with its 100 per cent Christian service. staff is also 100 per cent efficient according to the government examina- We declare our unswerving confidence in tion. the power of God revealing Himself through Mrs. W engat~ of Angola, West Af- Jesus Christ to meet and to overcome whatrica, gave an unusual account of pioneer work in Africa where she and ever may seem to be blocking the progress her husband conduct two boarding schools, the cne for girls and one· for of Christ's Kingdom. We believe that mis- boys. sionaries should covet and, as far as pos· Antonio, a young lad in the neigh- sible, obtain the finest training, even those borhood of the mission, was one of the most wayward,. evil boys the village who minister among peoples commonly conhad ever known. So objectionable was he to the village that the natives sidered hackward. We favor all that can demanded that he leave. So he went away from his heartbroken father and be done to promote their most efficient admother, who were Christians, and went out into the jungles roaming justment to their tasks in the field and to like a wild animal. Everything and everybody loathed him. Time passed. their peoples, und their contact with all One day during a great meeting at the mission, the missionary noticed broadening agencies. We especially recomthat Antonio had come in and taken a seat in the rear. The next day he mend that the young missionary be given was there again, only nearer. Finally the day came when he went forward the most thoughtful and friendly assistance and asked for a new heart. Urged by the missionary he went to his fa- by his older colleagues, enabling him to surther and asked him if he could forgive. Later came the realization of God's mount with the least loss the difficulties of forgiveness and ultimately that boy became one of the most vital forces the early years on the field. for good in that community. We recognize with gladness the tenden- RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED cies toward the development of truly indigo The Iuternational Missionary Union, as· sembled at Clifton Springs at its 41st an- ~IlOUS or national churches on the great nual session, at which fourteen mission areas are represented, in reviewing the past year mission areas which shall be the clear ex- records its grateful seuse 0 the Divine pression and instrument of the devotion, leadership in the progress of the program of faith, and service of the Christians of each the Church of Christ throughout the world, and its recognition, not",ithstanding the area. While years may elapse before many great disaster in Japan and the open hindrances to the free course of the Gospel in of these churches will be able to stand alone other lauds, of the growing place of Christianity in the hearts and lives of non- unaided by the counsel and participation of Christian peoples, transforming, eulighten- the rnission:1ries, yet we approve the prin- ciple of laying upon prope;:ly qualified na- tional Christians all of tho I'esponsibilities that they can undertake with the view of their speedy preparation for the service of the Kingdom in their own way.

We favor the hearty support of the United States and Canada for all wise projects which make for international friendliness, peace, and idealism. We profoundly hope that onr representatives in the respective governments may find the way of entering into active and friendly relationships with our sister nations in the promotion of these ends, so supremely important to the advance of the Kingdom of God throughout the world.

'Ve express our sincere appreciation of the effort.s being made to adjust interna- tional disputes and misunderstanding by arbitration or hy mutual consultation and conference rather than by a display of force.

The new day oj' peace on earth and good will among men will not dawn until indi- viduals an(1 nations alike are willing to study patiently and to consider honestly the other side of questions to which they are a party. We therefore deprecate legislative action on questions in "'hich other nations and races are concerned, until there has been ample time for a careful and impartial study of such questions and for a report upon them in order that the facts may be- come generally kno",n and that such action may be taken by our governments as will avoid friction, and as far as practicable the arousing of warlike passions. '

MEMORIAL SERVICE OFFICERS 1925'1926 A memorial service was held III Executive Comlllittee honor of those members of the Union President, Rev. J. Sumner Stone, M.D., 441 Pelham Rnad, New Rochelle, N. Y. who have finished their earthly course Vice President, Rev. W. E. Lampe, Ph.D. during the past year, and, as the fol- Secretary, Rev. H. F. Laflamme, 71 West lowing names were read, a tribute of 23rd St.. New York City. Treasurer, Rev. Frank K. Sanders, D.D., love and appreciation to each life by 25 Madison Ave., New York. friends in the congregation: Rev. Willianl L Chamberlain, D.D.; Robert Rev. 1. C. Archibald, India, C.B.M., 1924. P. Wilder. Miss Jessie Brewer, lndi"" L., February 10, Librarian, J. A. Sauders, M.D., Clifton 1924. Sprlllgs, N. Y. Mrs. Robert Chambers, Turkey, A.B.C.~'.M., Board of Control October 16, 1923. Chainnan, Duvhl Mc.Uonaughcy Dr. C. L. Bare, Lueknow, India, M.E., 1924. Mrs. W. P. Chalfont, CMn'l, P., Novembel' TER.M ENnING 1925 15, 1923. Mrs. Alice M. Williams Mrs. L. H. Foote Mrs. A. C. Good, Africa, P., 1923. Mrs. Chauncey B. Goodrich, China, A.B.C. Rev. George C. Len· Rev. S. Guy Inman F.M., November 14, 1923. ington, D.D. Rev. Rarry ];'armer Rev. Orramel Gulick, Japan, A.B.C.F.M., T'ER.M ENDING 1926 September 19, 1923. Mrs. E. C. B., fullam, India, F.B., 1924. Rev. William L Cham- Mrs. W al tel' C. Miss Emma Knowles,' India, M.E., Febru· berlain, D.D. Mason ary, 192·1. Dr. F. L. Kingsbury, Bulgaria, A.B.C.F.M., J. A. Sanders, M.D. Rev. H. C. Priest March 18, 1924. 'l'.:ItM ENDING 1927 Mrs. F. L. K"ngsbUl'Y, Bulgaria, A.B.C.F.M., Mrs. David McCan· Rev. P. Allen Swartz March 17. 1924. Rev. H. H. 'Lowl'Y, D.D., China, M.E., Feb· aughey David McConaughey mary 7, 1924. Mrs. J. N. B. Gill Mrs. J. Sumner Stone Rev. T. S. Pond, D.D., Syria, P., Septem- TER.M ENDING 1928 ber, 1923. Rev. F. B. Price, India, M.E.., 1923. Rev. L. B. Wolf, D.D. R. P. Wilder Mrs. Anna K. Scott, M.D., Assam, B., 1923. Mrs. C. P. W. Merritt Rev. J. P. Moore Mrs. Wm. P. Sprague, China, A.B.C.F.M., Mrs. W. C. Witter November 2, 1923. BishOp Homer Stuntz, M.E., Juue, 1924. FAREWELL MEETING Dr. Mary Pierson Eddy, Syria, P. At the Farewell Meeting on Sunday evening an opportunity was given to bid farewell to the twenty-six mis- sionaries present who expect to go out to their mission fields during the year.

MEMBERS PRESENT Servire Name Field BOiJffd 1918-1924 Batty~ Miss E. Jean Brazil Y.W.C.A. 1916 Beyerle, Miss Edith M. W. China C.M.A. 1919 Bond, Miss Mabel E. India B. 1905 Carson, Rev. F. S. China M.E. 190-5 Carson, Mrs. Grace D. China M.E. 1909-1911 India M.E. 1885-1925 Church/.. Mrs. M. A. Persia P. 1885-1924 eoan, .t(.ev. }'. G. Persia P. 1918 Coan, Mrs. F. G. China M.E. 1901 Cully, Miss Frances Africa A.I.M. 1876 Downing, Rev. Lee India P. 1874-1924 Dowsley, Mrs. A. S. Alllcrieu M.E. 190£; Drees, Dr. Chas. Africa P. 1906 Emerson, Rev. F. O. Africa 1887·1915 Emerson, Mrs. F. O. India-Burma P. 1893-1919 Chile 1916 Files, Miss Estelle China M.E. 1914 Fisher, :Miss Alice China M.E. 1884-1894 Flagg, Rev. H. W. India C.I.M. 1E88 Ji'laggl, Mrs. H. W. Cent. China C.I.M. 1889 F'oote, Mrs. Laura Hyde Japan M.E. Funk, Miss Mary A. C.M.A. Forrest, Miss Annie L. M.P.

"THE POWER OF CHRIST IN MISSIONS TODAY"

Service Name Field Board 1875-1923 Gates, Mrs. F. H. India C. W. Africa 1881-1905 Gault, Mrs. Wm. C. China. P. 1908 Gill, Mrs. J. M. B. Japan P.E. 1892 Gorhold, Mrs. Mary S. America 1880-1924 Greenman, Dr. A. W. Africa P. 1887 -1888 Harned, Mrs. Mary India M.E. 1897 Hill, Mrs. Charles Bayliss W. China M.E. 1911 lIolmes, Miss Lillian Syria-Turkey M.E. 1883-1894 Africa M.E. 1916 Holmes, Miss Mary Caroline China N.E.R. J897 Holland, Rev. F. E. China Ind. 1897 China C.I.M. 1920-1924 Jennings, Rev. Alfred China C.I.M. J920-1924 JenningEO, Mrs. Alfred India. M.E. 1900 Keeney, Bishop F. T. Mexico M.E. 1881-1888 Keeney, Mrs. F. T. Assam 1902-1910 Long, Miss Anna E. China. B. 1885-1895 Latimer, Miss Laura M.- China M.E. 1885-1895 China B. 1910-1924 Mason, Mrs. Walter C. Korea 1918 Merritt, C. P. W. (M.D.) .Iapan C. 1883 Merritt, ~frs. C. P. W. India C. 1896-1910 Merritt, Mrs. E. L. ,Tapan C. J897 Miller Miss Ethel Turkey C.M. 1902 Moore, Rev. J. P. China RC.U.S . 1910-1912 China Mulford, Mrs. H. B., M.D. India M.E. 1887-1910 ",orman, Rev. D. Japan C. 1891-1922 Orvis, Miss Susan W. W. Africa C. 19121917 Osborne, Miss Harriet L. India R.C.A. 1920 Otte, Mrs. John A. Japan M.E. 1882-]886 China M.E. 1918 Park, Mrs. G. W. Japan C.M.A. 1899 Preston, Miss Grace India C. 1919 RyAn, Miss Mable F. India R.C.U.S. 18801888 Sanders, Rev. Frank K. Philippines C.M.A. 1880-1888 Schneder, Miss Mary E. Ohina- Hlls"ia Chris. ]919 Shantz, Mrs. W. A. ChiulL M.E. ]913-1922 Sta,cey, Miss Martha R. Afri(,R M.E. 1869-]872 Stan", Dr. J. Snmner B. 1917-1919 Stone, Mrs. J. S. India P. 1872-1923 Sydney, Miss Cora W. Africa C. 1912-1'922 Swartz, Rev. Philip Allen India A.I.M. 1887 Thompson, Miss Mary A. IJ. 1891-1912 Ohina. B. 1918 Tyler, Rev. F. Wehster M.E. 1889-1914 Uhl, Rev. L. L. China 1882 ChinlL C. 1882 Vernon, Rev. W. Roy China C. 1910 Warne, Bishop Frank China M.E. 1910 William., Mrs. Alice W. Africa Williams, Miss Gladys W. Africa P. 1883-1908 India P. 1916 WilsoIli, Miss Frances O. China M.E. Woodbridge, Dr_ S. 1. M.E. Woodbridge, Mrs. S. I. (M.D.) L. Wengatz, Rev. J. C. F.M. Wengatz, Mrs. J. C. Wolf, Dr. L. B., D.D. Wood, Miss Bernice Key to Abbreviations Statistics.-Members Present, 75; Boards represented, 20; Mission Fields, 14; Meth- A.I.M., African Inland Mission. odist Episcopal, 24; Presbyterian, 11; Con- B., Baptist. gregational, 12; Baptist, 4; Reformed C., Congregational. Church in America, 1; H.eformed Chureh in Chris., Christian. the United States, 2; Protestant Episcopal, C.I.M., China Inland Mission. 1; Christian, 1; Lutheran, 3. 2,0'59 mem- C.M.A., Christian Mis:5ionary' Alliance. bers have sigoed the roll to date; 1,582 of C.M., Canadian Methodist. whom are living. ~'.M., Free Methodist. Ind., Independent. HONORARY MEMBERS L., Lutheran. M.E., Methodist Episcopal. Mrs. Joseph H. Sanders, Clifton Springs M.P., Methodist Protestant. Mrs. Hubert Schoonmaker, Clifton Springs P., Presbyterian. Dr. Hubert Schoonmaker, Clifton Springs P.E., Protestant Episcop-al. Miss Aliee Thayer, Clifton Springs. R.C.A., Reformed Church in America. R.C.U.S., Reformed Ghurch in the U. S. Y.W.C.A .. Young Women's Christian AssoclaUon. N.E.R., Near East ReUef.

u. 1t 'BBST

~DUP::_a_ abuiIIS ;;laue up EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, P A.

BEST METHODS FROM SUMMER CONFERENCES T HOUSANDS of delegates have been attending missionary confer- ences during the summer months. From 1,08 Angele.s and Asilomar, California to Ocean Park, Maine, and from Canada to Texas the conference.s have been well attended. To the tens of thousands who could not attend, the Best Methods Department brings a few suggestions.

METHODS FOR USE WITH "AD- number for identification. At the VENTURES IN BROTHERHOOD" meeting, display the pictures, give Miss H(ff('riet F. Hale, .v'ho has prepared each person present pencil and paper, and let each one guess the race reprethe "Sugge8tiona to Leader'S 0'1 Study sented by each picture. The guessing will probably be wild, but real curi- Classes usilng Adventllres in Brotherhood," gave .~o!1le 'very p'l"alJtical plans to her class osity and interest will be aroused. at Silver Bay, New York. If there is no separate organization ORGANIZATION MEETING.-Include a meeting, this vivid sense of the racial social hour with music and refresh- variety in the United States may be ments representing several of the given at the opening of the first sesracial groups in the United States, as for instance Turkish coffee, Japanese sion in this way:-The leader should rice cakes, German kuchen and other obtain a number of different foreign characteristic cakes, sweetmeats, etc.; language newspapers published in this ~ing Negro spirituals, Indian folk- country. In any large city several songs (if not in their original form, should be available. Sometimes the then such adaptations as "The Land public library keeps them on file for a of the Sky-Blue Water"), Russian time, and then throws out the old and other European folk-songs or art- copies, and the leader might get some songs, if possible with singers in the of these, since the date of issue is un- costume of the country. This type of important. Or foreign-speaking peo- meeting :is to arouse interest and pIe in the community may subscribe friendly feeling, and some apprecia- to these papers, and they may be ob- tion of our varied racial types. tained from them. When the class A simple guessing game, requiring assembles for the :first session the a little preparation by the leader, for leader may ask, "Have you seen the use at the organization meeting or papers today ~"

later, is based on pictures of racial The class will be looking to have types in the United States. The leader some special item of news pointed should collect a number of character- out; but the leader will pass out the istic pictures of men, women or chil- supply of non-English papers. The dren of different race groups, and class will probably comment, "Oh, select from the collection the most foreign papers!" whereupon the typical picture for each group. Then leader will assure them that they are remove all labels from the pictures, all American newsp(l,pers, published and mount each separately, giving a in this country and read by American 726

BEST METHODS

citizens as well as by aliens. The tours; in your denominational misleader should have written on each sionary magazines and leaflets. If paper, unless the fact.is printed there you really start looking, you will find in English, the language it represents, a long list of sources of material. Do and should ask the person holding not forget to look for cartoons. each paper to tell what kind it is. Of course this really shows language, not What should be done with this marace, but most of our racial groups terial when it is found 1 First, it are also distinguished by language. should be chrssified and filed, in fold- A Negro newspaper might be added ers of paper or in large manila ento the collection if desired. Rural velopes, grouped according to race, leaders may write to city friends to special topics in race relations, or send them foreign papers. other useful arrangement. In this book the same race groups and some ILLUSTRATIVE l1ATERIAL.-Race Re- of the same problems are referred to in several chapters from different lations must not be left in a book, as points of view, so a good filing arabstract knowledge, but must stand rangement is important. After the out in our thought as a matter of our material is filed it may be used as a own experi~nce, of current events and source for reports on special topics. realUfe. Since most people get a vivid Or a poster committee, or several sense of reality from pictures rather groups, may select the pictures they than from printed words, and in think most effective to give knowlprinted matter find the newspaper edge, or to influence people in the and the curr{)nt magazine mor~ real right attitude on race relations, and than books, the leader must make cer- use these pictures in making posters tain that a supply of pictures, news to be displayed first before the class, items, and current discussions is avail- and then before the whole school of able. It is best for the members of missions, church, or other group of the elass to search for as mueh of this people who may be reached and inmaterial as is pO'ssible. The leader fluenced. Do not think that you canat the first meeting should explain not make posters because no one in that the work of the class will touch the class is artistic. Anyone can cut all kinds of problems in race relations and paste pictures, and nearly anyone throughout the world, and ask that with a lettering-pen and a little praceveryone in the class watch carefully tice can produce creditable lettering. for news items, magazine articles, pic- But if you want better lettering than tures, etc., that have to do with the you can do, why not make use of the subject of race, and bring them in for fact that most high schools teach their the use of the class. But the leader students lettering nowadays~ and enshould have an independent supply, list some bright high school boy or girl and no one who expects to lead a class to do this part of the work and incican begin too early to collect material. dentally to absorb some missionary Many people think it is hard to find information and spirit f If you have pictures and articles, but on the con- high school students in the class, don't trary it is very easy when your eyes fail to suggest that the work in this are open. The need for starting early study is directly connected with Eurois to make the collection as well-bal- pean and American history, civics, anced as possible. Pictures and inter- and other subjects, and that their esting items and articles may be found school work and their mission study in the newspapers-news, editorial, can therefore help each other. magazine, literary and picture sections-in the Literary Digest, Out- Another kind of "illustrative" look, Review of Reviews, National work, in a sense, is dramatization. Geographic, Asia, and other maga- There is much chance in this book for zines; in advertisements and booklets dramatization of an informal sort. In of railroads, steamship lines, and Chapter I, Thmitri and Stefano may

tell their story, or short seenes at work for community purposes. This Ellis Island may be given. In Chap- community study should be made a ter II, Mrs. Czerney'8 story may be part of the discussion of every chapacted in pantomime, while someone ter in the book, bringing the facts and reads from the book; or the court problems of race relations close scene with the old Polish woman (p. 49) may be dramatized. In Chapter home in their familiar local form. And III, a foreign laborer from mine, fae- no class should come to an end withtory, or logging camp, may tell what out starting at least one activity to he thinks of America. For Chapter better racial relations in the commu- IV, try to get material to dramatize a school scene from your own commu- nity or at least within the state, either nity showing different races; or turn in a new way, or by new cooperation the class into the board of trustees of of the members with old ageneies for Harvard or some other university, and let them discuss whether Jews soeial or religious work which are and Negroes shall continue to be ad- touehing race problems. In many mitted on equal terms; or let them be communities, there exist or could be the board of trustees of a Negro col- started interracial committees in lege in the South, discussing how to which the leaders of different races get funds, what course of study to adopt as best suited to the needs of work together for better relations. A today, and 'how to help their students simple form of the same idea might be find useful places after graduation. used in a community where there is In Chapter V, the story of the Czech an immigrant or other group shut off boys (p. 133), of the Bulgarian woman (p. 138), and of Matilda Rankin from full participation in community (p. 150) may be thrown into.dramatic life, .poor and ignorant in part, and form. For Chapter VI, a Japanese disliked by other race'S. If the memfrom the Pacific coast may explain to bers of this class could make contact an American why he came here and with leaders in this racial group, they what he asks in the way of fair treat- might arrange to give concerts or an ment. Of course not all of these exhibit, or outdoor fete, at which the scenes could be used in one class, but entertainment might acquaint people two or three might be tried during the sessions, and any especially effective with the special abilities and contribu- tions of the neglected race group, and . one worked up later for presentation at the same time contributions might mbeI.SfoS.rIOenst.he church or the school of be received for fresh air work, a day nursery, or some other form of com- MAKIN"G THE STUDY COUNT IN Ac- munity enterprise that would serve all TUAL LlFE-CONTACTs.-Each leader races. The most important thing in must feel the responsibility this year for seeing that something practical arranging this kind of community for the community or the missionary work is that it ~hould be done on the enterprise results from the class study. basis of cooperation, not charity or Members of the class should beeome patronage. Finally, sinee this is a familiar ",ith any racial survey of study of racial problems from a Christheir own community that may have been made in the past, or they should tian point of view, every study class cooperate in making at least an in- should make some praetical eontact formal survey, showing what races with the work of the church, loeal or are found, any special occupational denominational, which is undertaking groupings, friendly or unfriendly contacts between races, agencies for com- Christian "adventures in brotherbining two or more racial groups in hood" among the different branches of God's family.

tOT Further ideas on applying this study to local conditions, on d·iscus8"ion topics the various ehapters, and on dewti()(llaJ, exercises for ealih session, may be found in the fifteen oent boolelet of "Suggastion'8 to Leaders of Study Classes usVng Ad'lJentures in Brother· hood," published by the Missionary Educa- tion Movement. Order from denominational headquairlers.

BEST METHODS

CIRCULATING MISSIONARY people. A few Sundays later the same LITERATURE teacher came to the book table, and From the Summer Assembly at Waterloo, " A Gentleman in Prison" was handed Ontario, Canada, came sc>me suggestions on to her. She expressed a desire to read missionary reading, made by Miss Agnes that, also. Later, she visited the book Good, Missionary Superintendent of Zion table again and was shown "The Life Evangelical Sunday-school of Kitchener, Story of Paul Kanamori." This too Ontario. appealed to her, and she read it. So, Missionary Book Reading Campaign after all, a very bu'Sy mother, and Christian worker, th-ough she is, she A Missionary Book Reading Cam- found time to read three missionary paign was carried on in Zion Evan- books when she thought she could not gelical Sunday-school, Kitchener, find time to read one. Ontario, during the spring months of 1924. At this writing, the books are not quite all in, so a complete report can Each of the fourteen classes in the not be given, but so far, 603 readers Junior Department received a book have been reported, including those of for circulation, some blank sheets of the Junior classes.

paper having been pasted in the back for the names of readers. Three hun- LeaJI.et Reading Campaign dred and fourteen readers were se- During March and April, 1923, we cured for these books. In one case a had also a Missionary Leaflet Readteacher read 'the little book to a class ing Campaign with very encouraging of forty pupils. This was counted as results. No prizes were offered, but forty-one readers.' each class received a leatlet for circu- lation and a folder for a record of In the main hall of the Bible School readings. The general subject was was placed a missionary book table, with books for all classes of readers, to be loaned out to all who wished to that of "Life Service," and great care read them. This was well patronized, was taken to choo'Se leaflets appropri- especially by the younger portion of ate for the various classes. Twenty- the school, who borrowed many books one different leaflets were u'Sed. The in addition to the ones assigned to Junior classes had the "Lamptheir classes. So great was the de- lighter" and the "Favorite Verses" mand for books for young readers series, one leaflet for each class-no that we had to order a larger supply other class having the same leaflet. by the time the campaign was well The Juniors rolled up a total of 882 started. readings. The Bible School had 789 readings, and the Home Department, A teacher of 11 class of young girls 95. The same leaflet was given to came to the book table, and after several classes in the Bible School, glancing over the books a few minutes, and the one assigned for the Home said, "I would like to read some of Department was one that had also these books but I simply haven't been given to some of the classes, so time." The Missionary Superintend- it was found that many Home Departent handed her a copy of "Love Sto- ment members had already read it ries of Great Mis'Sionaries, " and and been li'Sted with the classes for asked, "Do you think your girls would whom they had read the leaflet. Hence like to read this 1 We would be will- the small number from the Home Deing to let you have it for circulation partment. In futUre campaigns a difin your class." ferent leaflet will be assigned for every class, and thus more readers can She examined it, then 'Said, "Yes, be found. The entire number of read- I am sure they would. I believe I'll ings for the campaign was 1,766. read it first myself." The book was kept in circulation throughout the campaign and was read by seventeen 5

LEAFLETS USED. NUMBER ()F READERS. Gold paper) in sheets about 22×28 in.- 10c or 15c a sheet. Bible Schoo! and Home Department. C. HOWARD HUNT PEN COMPANY, Camden, John G. Paton ……………….. 11 N. J.

Captain Allen Gardiner ………… 22 Speed·ball Lettering Pens. Asoorted sizes, five in a box, 50c. Joseph Hardy Neesima ………… 7 MILTON BRADLEY CoMPANY, Boston or New Three Knocks in the Night …….. 502 York.

Cluster of American Beauties …… 40 Black silhouette paper, 6×9 in., white back, 50 sheets in package; about 25c. Gospel of the Plow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Bright colored" Tonal" paper, 9×12 in., The Girl Who Voluuteered to Stay at 100 sheets in package; about 358 or 40c. Home ……………… …….. 172 Water color brushes for lettering. Send J. Hudson Taylor On German) ….. 15 for Art Snpply Catalogue.

Jndien·Huete (in German) …….. 14 HIGGINS BLACK I)lDIA INK may be purchased in any stationer '8 or art supply store. It Misct'lJaneous ………………… 11 may be had in various colors such as red, vermilion, green, blue, brown, ete.; 25e Total adv-anced readers …… 884 a bottle.

Jl1nior Departmewt. OF JESUS Alexander MacKay …………… 39 The Lamp in the Islands ………. 90 The Lamp in the Lighthouse . . . . . . . . 43 The Lamp in the Dust ………… 62 The Lamp in the Desert ……….. 57 The Lamp in the Waters. " …… . 14 The Lamp on the HUltop ………. 104 The Missionary Who Burned His Own Coffin …………………….. 161 Two Verses Neesima Loved Best…. 100 Hans Egede's Ice Berg Verse….. . 65 The Verses That Made Livingstone Brave……… …………….. 51 Martin Luther's Verse ………… 98 Total .Tunior readers …….. 884 Grand total in all departments …. 1,768 POSTER AND CHART SUGGES~ CAN HELP SOLVE CHINfl'5 INOU5~I~L TIONS The Cross and China's Smoke Stacks Beginning with the Minnesota MATERIALS NEEDED : School of Missions in May the wonder:t'ul wall charts and posters made 1 -piece medium weight white cardby Mrs. Horace M. Hill, have helped board, size 22×14 inches. to make atmosphere for a number of summer conferences. Summer con- 1 piece gold paper for cross. ference and winter conference lead- 1 large sheet of black paper or ers should write to Mrs. Horace M. Hill, Minneapolis, Minnesota for in- several small sheets of black formation about getting her wall paper for smokestack sky line. charts for display at their meetings. Speed ball pen or brush for let- tering. *** Higgins' black India ink. Paste. Many of the posters on display at conferences are the work of Miss Maude Evelyn Bradley, who designed those reproduced in this issue of the REVIEW; and gives the following suggestions for poster making.

What to Get and Where to Get It DENNISON PAPER CoMPANY, Boston or New York.

Sheets of medium weight cardboard, soze about 22×28 in., in various colors-red, yellOW, cream, white, pink, green and blue, 15e a sheet. Cut sheet in two viecesl 14×211 in.

BEST METHODS

DIRECTIiJNS FOR MAKING: Higgins Black India ink. 1 piece of cream or white medium 1. Trace outline of skyline silho~­ ette on white side of black paper. ThIS weight cardboard, size 22×14 in. is best done by placing a sheet of car- Paste. bon paper bet~een the design and silhouette paper and marking over DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING: design lines with sharp pencil. 1. Trace outline of figure silhou- 2. Cut out. ettes ou white side of black paper. 3. Do same with cross pattern using 2. Trace outline of background gold paper. bands on tonal paper. 4. Place cardboard in vertical po- 3. Cut out. sition. Paste cross in center at top as 4. Place cardboard in vertical posi- tion and paste background bands in shown in cut. place-one at top and one at bottom, as shown in cut.

SOME NORTHFIELD SUGGESTIONS DID YOU KNOW T~T Sometimes the very simplest meth- ods are most effective. When Mrs. Dan Brummitt taught the class in Adven- tures in Brotherhood at the Home foFt C10IfE T~IN 40 CENTU!fIES (l')Osr OF Missions Conference at Northfield she demonstrated in five minutes at the CHINA'S PEOPLE H~VE BEEN FftRME~5 ? beginning of three class periods the processes of naturalization, in so far as the mechanical proceedings are IT IS ESnM~TED 1tJIT 85 % OF ~ER concerned.

PEOPLE ME STILL F#fMEfS ? On the first day a group of immi- grants, who said they had just landed, ANO YJ;:T – fI RECENT ESllMATE PUTS arrived in care of a deaconess and an- other citizen. The immigrants talked lijE NUMBE~" MODE!fN ffC.IORIE:l INCH/Nil in French, German and Italian very fluently, but the Judge of the Nat- IT 1400- PLU~ Tti0U:l"ND5 (")01£ OF 1 .uralization Court was helpless before them. 'fhe interpreter gave the nam.es, ages and the countries of the appli- cants. The declaration of the inten- tion of naturalization was taken and t he fee of $] 00 was claimed. In the meantime the ,Judge refused to listen to a Japanese who in poor English claimed the privilege of naturalization 5. Paste sky-line silhouette at bot- because her son had fought for Amer- ica in the World War. tom as shown in cut. 6. Draw very light pencil lines for On the second day the papers were more interesting, for the applicants guide lines when lettering. 7. Use large size speed ball pen for were able to write their own names, lettering. Copy words shown in cut ages and places of re~idence. They or originate others appropriate to de- testified that they had lived for five rears continuously in the United sign and study theme. States and one year in Massachusetts, also that it had not been less than two Three Chinese Silhouettes MATERIAI,s NEEDED: years nor more than seven since they Black silhouette paper. took out their first papers. They Bright colored tonal paper-pref- proved to the .Jndge that they were erably orange. not polygamists, were not opposed to

organized government, that they were home, or walked to the window to of moral character, could speak Eng- gaze over into the house of Mrs. War- lish and knew something of the laws ren across the street. From the bakery of the United States. The Judge then adjoining her little room she heard asked them to renounce allegiance to frequently the tinkle of the cash regis- their native country. The fee was ter bell indicating that Christmas $4.00. trade was good. Everybody in the The final scene took place on JUly neighborhood was eager to have some 4th. The families were all present. of the famous Czerney Christmas 'l'hcre were flags and a general air of cakes, but no one came near the lonely festivity. The Judge congratulated little woman who had worked so hard the candidates and talked in a father- to make Christmas for others. The ly manner to the children, then turned girl who played the part showed by to the celebration of the dav. He her attitude absolute loneliness and asked profound questions ab~ut the homesickness as she walked to the Government of the United States, to imaginary window and looked across whom it belonged and how it was con- the imaginary street into an imagi- ducted; about the name and residence nary house. As the reader told of the of the President and about the divi- beautiful Christmas tree across the sion of the Federal Government. street, the lights and the packages and Then a beautiful flag was unfurled the merry shouts of surprise, members and the new citizens interpreted the of audience felt a catch in their meaning of the stripes and the stars. throats.

The Judge asked all in attendance at Then there came a persistent knock the Court to stand and the citizens at the door and Mrs. Czerney wel- pledged allegiance to the flag of their comed the visitor in all the English adopted country and were handed she knew-" Come in." Mrs. War- their papers which were tied with the ren, her neighbor across the street, national colorB. who had never been in her home be- Both the immigrants and the Judge fore, entered with shawl over her head played their parts so well that one of to correspond with Mrs. Czerney'8 the delegates thought it was a real own head dress, and tried to -express Americanization process and seeing in words good wishes for Christmas.

just how it was done asked how it The words were not intelligible to happened that the teacher at that Mrs. Czerney, who slowly shook her class at Northfield had been given au- head, but the light of greeting :in the thority to present these immigrants eyes of her guest was re.fiected in her their citizenship papers. own. Not knowing how to express A Christmas Suggestion what it all meant to her she received the garland of green tied with its Another simple dramatization pre- bright red ribbon, looked all around sented in Mrs. Brummitt's class was for some method of showing what it from Chapter II in Adventures in meant to her and then went to a little Brotherhood. She suggested that if squeaky phonograph and put on the Chapter II did not come for a Decem- record "Silent Night, Holy Night."

ber meeting it might be skipped and The two women stood by the phono- held over for one, or that the dramati- graph and realized that Christmas zation could be repeated by members had come and that they were neigh- of the mission study class for a De- bors.

cember program meeting. Following this preBentation mem- Three girls presented the story of bers of the class made a good poster Mrs. Czerney as a one-act play occu- for this meeting showing in silhouette pying only about five minutes. One the figure of lVIrs. Czerney looking was a reader who told the story as across from her window to the lighted lonely Mrs. Czerney sat in her little Christmas tree in Mrs. Warren '8

924] BEST METHODS

parlor. Beneath were the words, ground and have resulted in much more than hearty rela.,'Cing laughter. •, Have you a Mrs. Czerney in your At the Nebraska Summer School of Missions at l:<'remont, Nebraska, a seritown ?" .. * .. ous heart disorder was remedied by a new operation. Tlte patient, supposed The Flag of the Free to be a member of the faculty, was placed on the operating table and was No one who saw the waving of the given an amesthetic. flag at the Northfield Home Missions Conference can ever entirely forget Diagnosis; No interest in missions; the stars and stripes upheld over their life consumed by petty interests. heads hy about three hundred girls who stood in tiers on the choir steps Operation; Heart of the patient (a behind the platform. large red heart-shaped candy box) was held up to view. Various articles The flag which was the dimensionE! were taken out-inferior magazines, of the large choir space was made of deck of cards, tickets for cheap shows strips of red, white and blue with the and other interests which left no time stars on the blue ground in the corner. for missions. Each stripe was held high over their heads by two rows of girls, one at the Remedy: The snrgeon held up one bottom and another at the top. When piece of literature after another which all of the stripes were in place the should have place in the heart-the effect was that of a perfect flag of Bible, the new mission study booksimmense pro.portions. The choir girls one by one with comment-the IVhswere completely hidden as they SfONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, swayed to and fro to make a rythmic Evcryland, denominational magazines, waving of the flag and sang: and leaflets.

Hurrah for the flag of the' free, 'Vhen a11 of these had been put in May it wave as our standard forever, the heart and the heart properly re- placed, the patient regained con- The gem of the land and, the sea, sciousness and immediately made in- 'l'he Banner of the Right; quiries about missionary meetings and Let despots remember the day study classes.

When our fathers with mighty endeavor, Proclaimed as they marched to the fray That by their might and by their right, it .. .. .. waves forever.

The presentation of the new stars While the vacation relaxation, with for the service flag is each year one of songs and laughter and occasional the most impressive features of the stunts for tired workers has had place Northfield Foreign Missions Confer- in the programs, the spiritual note ence. This year eight new stars were has had distinct predominance. Gypsy added for the eight former Northfield Smith during the war said "It isn't girls who had sailed since last confer- far from the boys' ragtime to Calence and four for volunteers present vary." who expect to sail during the coming year for foreign fields. Often an afternoon of fun for the delegates, to many of whom confer- Why not have a Missionary Service ence days are the only vacation days Flag for your city or county federa- of the year, is followed by the deep tion, with a star added for each mis- reverence of the vesper service, when sionary of any cooperating denominations, who is to sail during the year T lives are consecrated anew to the Mas- (see MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ter. Thousands of young people have WORLD cover for January, 1922). climbed the mountain heights for sunrise prayer meetings, or by the AT THE NEBRASKA SUMMER lake, or the ocean, or the mountain SCHOOL side have met their Lord and called Him "Master." '( God never asks of During recreation periods, among the various stunts are some that have us such busy working as leaves no had a serious purpose in the back- time for resting at His feet. "

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MIS8~ON8 AND THE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS SUGGESTED ANNVAL PROGRAM lIT. PRACTICAL ApPLICATION FOR PROMOTING HOME MIS. 1. Pray for home missionaries, their co-workers and the work. SIONS IN A LOCAL CHURCH 2. Engage the church, or at least a Adapted from a leaflet issued by a denomina~ group within the church, upon tional Board. some specific local home mission task and rally the whole com· 1. GENERAL EDTTCATJON munity to its support.

1. Two sermons on home missions. 3. Raise the missionary quota in 2. At least one address by a home full, thus assuring the full amount asked for home mis· missionary. sions. 3. At least three home mission 4. Have the church share ill' the stereopticon lectlll·es. support of a home missionary 4. Home mission literature sent to each family of the congrega· tion. or a specific home mission 5. Church Training Night. (Send project. 5. Report the work in missionary to Methodist Episcopal Board, education to the Board of 740 Rush Street, Chicago, for Home Missions. full parbculars.) O. Presentation of the need for reo cruits, qualified and trained for Program for Fall Meeting home mission service. OPENING STATt~MENT BY THE PRESI- II. INTENSIVE STUDY 1. Study of home missions in the DENT Church School of Missions, meeting one night each week HYMN"-Tune, Materna for six weeks. The prayer meet- ing service may be nsed for Our Father! thy iloar Name doth show this purpose. In this School of rrhe greatness of thy love; Missions the congregation is divided into groups of from ten All are thv children here below As in thy heaven above.

Une family on earth are we to twenty persons, each group Throughout its widest span; studying the home mission Oh! help us everywhere to see textbooks under a class leader. (Address Board of Missonary The Brotherhood of Man. Cooperation, 276 Fifth Avenue, Alike WE' share thy tender care; New York, for bnlletin can· We trust one heavenly Friend; cerning the Chnrch School of Missions.) Before one mercy-seat in prayer, In confidence we bend; 2. lI1ission study claSEes, discussion groups, reading circles, and Alike we hear thy loving call; program meetings by the young ,One heavenly vision scan; people '. societies, and all other One Lord, one faith, one hope for all groups in the ehurch. The Brotherhood of Man. 3. Delegation of young people sent to the nearest missionary eon· Bring in, we pray, the glorious day ference. When battle cries are stilled, 4. In the Sunday-school promotion 'When bitter strife is swept away And hearts with love are filled.

of missionary education by in- Oh! help us banish pride and wrong, struction from the platform Which since the world began and in classes, by pageants and by observing Home Mission Have marred its peace; help ns make strong Days, using T'hanksgiving and 'rhe Brotherhood of Man. Washington's Birthday pro· grams and materials. Close knit the warm fraternal tie .,. A book reading contest using That makes the whole world one; home mission books and clos· ing with a meeting in which Our discords change to harmony Like angel·songs begun; At last, upon that brighter shore each reader gives a three- ~hal'les H. Richards. from "Songs of the. minute talk telling what he has Christian Life," Used by peI"mission of the gained by his reading. publishers, Charles E. Merrill Company.

734 Complete thy glorious plan, Law Enforcement. And heaven shall crown for evermore The Work of Missions in International The Brotherhood of Man. Peace.

TRANSLATING SUMMER CONFERENCES HOLD CLASSES ANNUALLY INTO SERVICE Train Leaders. Brief reports by those who have InRtruct New Officers. attended Conferences. Discover New Methods of Work. Teach Parliamentary Practice. WINTER PLANS FOR MISSION STUDY Develop Mission Study Teachers. Present Missionary Dramatics. Presented by the Chairman of the Department of Missions. PlW1WTE ACTIVlTIES PICRIOD OF WORSHIP Missionary Mass Meetings for Adults) Young People and Children. 1 John 1: 1-7; James 1: 22-25. Discussion Groups and Forums. Brief prayers. Missionary Plays, Pageants and Exhibits. Hymn, Light of the World, We Daily Vacation Bible Schools with Mission· Hail Thee. ary Stories, Instruction and Handwork. Saturday Bible and Industrial Schools. PRESENTATION OF NATIONAL AND IN- Teaching English to Foreigners. TERNATIONAL MORAL ISSUES, Training for American Citizenship.

EX;TEND HOSPITALITY AND FELLOWS.HIP SUCH AS: Transient Students, Foreign and American. Soldiers, Sailors, Missionaries, Travelers. Law Enforcement. Child Labor in its World Impli- SCATTER LITERATURE AND INFORMATION cations. Procure Subscriptions to Race Relations, at Home and MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Abroad. Ways to Peace. Everyland. Place MIssionary Books and Magazines in References: "Save America" – Report, Women's National Convention for' Law the Public. Library. Enforcement ; National Child Labor Give Popular Exhibits of Missionary Liter· CommittEe, 215 Fourth Ave" N. Y. City; State Child Labor Commission; Chil· ature, Posters, Photographs, Curios. dren's Bureau, Department of Labor, Hold a Book Review and Missionary Quiz. Washington, D. C.; M1SSIONARY RE- Get Missionary News into the Daily Press. VIEW OF THE WORLD, July and October, Organize an Exchange Bureau of Speakers, 1924; Ourrent Magazines. Best .Methods, Good Missionary Papers OUR RESPONSIBILITY IN REGARD TO and Articles.

THESE MORAL ISSUES C1ROUI~TE NEWS Discussion. Women's Union Christian Colleges of the Orient. a HYMN: Lead On, King Eternal Christian Literature for Women and Chil· PRAYER dren in Mission Fields.

Work IlJllOng Farm and Cannery Migrants. Moral Reform and Law Enforcement. Christian Internationalism. Work for Lepers.

SOME HELPS TO SUCCESS INCREASE ABILITY TO SERVE OBSERVE SPECIAL DAYS Cooperate with the Nearest School of Mis· sions. D~y of Prayer for Missions-First Friday m Lent. Send Delegates Capable of Leadership to S orne School of Missions. Rare Relations Sunday-Second Sunday in February. Affiliate with the Council of Women for HGme Missions aDd the Federation of Harvest Festival-November. Woma.n's Boa.rds of Foreign Missions of Armistice Day, International Relationships North Amedca.

-November 11. AxIOMS OF GooPER…,TION CoNDUCT REGULAR STUDY Emphasize purpose and program rather than org-anization, yet see that efficient organ· The Bible, the Great Missionary Textbook. ization is encouraged. Home Mission Study Books. J<'oreign Mission Study Books. Confer frefjuently with representatives of Community Problems. other groups in t.he community intent State and National Legislation on Moral upon the best good of humanity.

Issues. Be willing to take the initiative in bringing

together various groups to consider COill- paths, others still do only what they mon tasks. did twenty years ago; some change Accept an equitable share of labor in joint methods and officers so frequently undertakings. track can ~carcely be kept of their Submit indivldual opinions 8nd preferences checkered career, others seem som- ~ th~ judgment of the group. nolent in deep ruts. Mamtam constant conscious dependence upon the help and guidance of the Holy No mould or patent process is pro- Spirit. vided but the Federation and Council send information and suggestive let- WOMEN'S CHURCH AND MISSION- ters and maintain continuous personal correspondence, answering questions ARY FEDERATIONS of all sorts, making suggestions, try- ing to be generally helpful. The Con- Adapted from the annual report of the Council stitution recommended to the local of Women for Home Missions. federations is entirely suggestive.

Because the local groups are ex- Three hundred or more federations tremely diverse in character, in work, throughout the United States are and in relationships, cooperation with listed, over thirty being affiliated by them must be :flexible, adaptable and payment of annual dues. It would be varied. Their titles include Federa- desirable to have a sufficient number tion, Council, Committee, Department, affiliated so that actual cost of pro- I~eague, .Association_ Some stress mis- viding literature, and preparation and sion and Bible study institutes; some postage on informational form letters engage actively in work among for- would be covered by the fees, but as eigners, or for young people in the yet that goal is far from attained, police courts, or transients in the com- though annually the number affiliated munity, others annually have dra- increases. matic presentations as pageants j some are normal training groups, others Practically all of the groups obpopular in appeal, holding mass meet: serve the Day of Prayer for Missions mgs and exhibits; some include bet- and many devote the free-will offerterment and social service organiza- ings to the suggested objects: Womtions, others are composed solely of en's Union Christian Colleges in the missionary societies; some attract the Orient, Christian Literature for Womyoung people, others are evidently en and Children in Mission Fields, confined to those of considerable ma- and Work among Farm and Cannery turity; some have pioneer initiative Migrants. and originality and readily adapt suggestions to local needs or blaze new HOME MISSION BULLETIN THE FEDERATION OF CHRISTIAN gregational Church, seven denomina- tions being represented by small dele- WOMEN OF MT. VERNON, N. Y. gations. A number of the church women had been called together to The Federation of Christian Wom- represent their denomination in two en of Mt_ Vernon, New York, has had "Unity Luncheons" under the austwo years of organized history, back pices of the Episcopal churches. This of which are at least four years of effort did not reach to the point of an effort on the part of women of the organization, but was a step toward churches who had the vision of unity unity in fellowship and vision. and interdenominationalism, and something of what might be accom- The second observance of the Day plished by the church woman in of Prayer for Missions was held in the world-wide missionary effort. The be- Baptist Church. Frequent calls for ginning of the organization was the an interdenominational body during observance of the Day of Prayer for the year had made it imperative that Missions in 1921, in the First Con-

WOMAN'S nOME AND FOREIGN MISSION B1JLLETINS

an organization should be formed, and The ministers of the city have welin the noonday intermission, a com- comed the new organization and have mittee was appointed to secure a been honor guests at each meeting, nominating committee representing taking part in the programs. The past all denominations of the city, and so year, four of the ministers, each in bis assist in bring-ing the matter to a con- own ehnrch, at, a reg-ular meeting of clu8ion. It was difficult to secure a the org'anization gave talks on some president, although a long list of of the great women of the Bible draw- WOllen whose work in their own ing therefrom lesson's for present-day churches, and whose standing in the women. community made them eligible, was casily secured. It was providential Many noted speakers, both men and indeed, that the woman finally se- women, have addressed the Federacured, while posses£ing in abundant tion, on questions of the day and on measure all the qualifications desired, religious education. In addition to was also the one who had done most the four regular meetings and the towarcl making possible the organiza- Day of Prayer for Missions which the tion. 'Phis was Mrs. Herbert A. Wit- constitntion calls for, last winter one combe, of Trinity Episcopal Church, day was given to an intensive study who had planned and carried out the of Dr. Galen Fisher's " Creative •• Unity Luncheon's." Forces in Japan. " This was a review to those who had studied the book in For two years the Federation of their individual churches during the Christian Women of Mt. Vernon went year, and the small attendance sugforward under Mrs. Witcombe's gests that for the coming year the very capable leadership. The other study should introdUo~e rather than officers are First Vice-President, Sec- close tlv; year. ond Vice-President and Chairman of Program Committee, Recording Sec- Many resolutions have been passed retary and Press Correspondent, Cor- by the ]'ederation, running all the responding Secretary, and Treasurer. way from the question of allowing Each belongs to a different denomina- Arbuckle to come back, to Child tion. Those first chosen held office for Labor, WorId Court, W orId Peace. two years, changes having been made Prohibition, and Enforcement of Law. this year. Mrs. H. Stanley Taylor, Municipal, state and national officers Baptist, is now President. Nine Di- have been besought and besieged for rectors represent the different righteousness, justice and peace, and churches on the executive board, and Rteps had. been taken to put forward the W. C. T. U., Y. W. C. A., and Week-Day Religious Schools, when I,adie.s' Auxiliary of the Y. M. C. A. the Ministers' A'ssociation went ahead are also affiliated and represented. and presented a plan for considera- The Federation is affiliated with the tion by the public authorities. The Conncil of W omcn for Home Missions Federation is prepared to back this and the Pederation of Woman's movement. Boards of Foreign Missions. The safe and sane constitution, 'rhe attendance began with 80 at whose objective is the development of the first observance of the Day of the spiritual life, through prayer, fel- Prayer for Missions, and about the lowship, a knowledge of and interest same number the second, which fell on in world-wide missions, a quickening an int()nsely cold and slippery day. In of eommunity consciousness and re- 1923, on the third observance of the Day of Prayer for Missions-the first sponsibility, and cooperation in meetafter full organization-200 women ing the great opportunities and needs were present, and this year 500 at- which confront the churches, has held tended in the afternoon, about 100 the organization to its high ideals, being present for the entire day. and set~ it apart from the woman's club whl'se wider lines and open mem-

bership forbid the introduction of re- churches is drawn, while the churchligion. women individually have been broad- ened and strengthened in their Chris- Membership in the Federation is tian life and in their work in the open to women ':;; organizations of all different churches through this wider evangelieal ehurche:;; and other or- outlook into the world and its need, ganizations having an evangelical and the continued reconsecration of basis, while individuals may become their lives to the service of the Master eontributing members. in the establishment of His kingdom on earth. The meetings of the Federation grow more and more interesting and CAPITOLA HARRISON SPENCER. deeper in spiritual significance as closer and closer the tie between the (Mrs. Truman J.) FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN INSTITUTE ON A CHRISTIAN BASIS OF WORLD RELATIONS Comments by women from iliffe,.ent Ch""ch orga'<lization8 "rho were a part of the Institute '''rhen said Evangelist, pointing participators all in the making of the with his finger over a very wide field. week's program. It was plainly not 'Do you see yonder wicket gate?' And a meeting prepared and dished out by the man said, 'No.' Then said the its leaders with results foreseen and other, 'Do' you see yonder shining conclusions foredrawn. ' It was a light?' He said, 'I think I do.' Then meeting of concerted thinking, guided said Evangelist, 'Keep that light in by ideals winnowed out of common your eye and go directly thereto; so .experience. And therein lay its treshalt thou see the gate, at which, when mendous value. thou knockest, it shall be told thee what thou shalt do." , On Saturday -evening, June 14, the delegates, representing for the most For the nearly two hundred women part religious, civic, educational or who gathered at Vassar College in soeial service organizations, met in an June that little shining light was a open forum discussion in Vassar's desire-a desire to find a Christian scholastic atmosphere to thrash out basis for our tangled world relations. and select those parts of the problem And the wicket gate, vague and in- of international relationship in which distinct in the fog of prejudiced opin- they felt most deeply concerned. It ions, was the actual gateway into the was an open discussion in every sense area of the right basis. It was a sim- of the word. Miss Rhoda McCulloch ple matter to see the shining light; led the discussion, sanely analyzing everybody wants to do the right and tempering the multiplicity of thing; but finding the little gate and opinions that fairly flooded the floor. knocking at it, and interpreting what ~When the Sunday afternoon meeting was told when it was finally opened convened, the curriculum for the was a matter that took tolerant and week stood out sharply and clearly: salll~ thinking, faith and prayer. The perfecting of a Christian basis for international relations must in- rfhe gathering was given the very culcate the Jesus-way into the (1) soambitious title of "An Institute for a dal and political (2) economic and Christian Basis of W orId Relations." (3) racial barrierR to world coopera- The idea for such a conclave was the tion. iuspiration of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody and worked out by a committee The Institute divided itself into headed by Vassar College, with Pres- three groups. Each morning these ident Henry N. MacCracken finally groups met to grapple with the probtaking the chairmanship. From start lems; each pre-noon hour they reasto finish, however, the Institute was sembled as a whole to hear the findentirely in the hands of the delegates, ings of the others. Each afternoon

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETINS

at fiv'C o'clock and each evening fo- will be more than was apparent when rums were again held, either for dis- the la~t session adjourned. It would cussion or for information from an be a simple matter to record what was authority. Each group was guided discussed, but catching the different by a leader, who, far from projecting slants as the events passed through his preconceived ideas on the group, the prisms of various minds, to be reopened the question, and then piloted layed to women in all parts of the the discussion clear of aimless circling. country, can only be done as the re- There were present also "experts," actions unfold themselves. These authorities on international matters, Christian women spoke strongly on who serv-cd as referees when the dis- war. They even analyzed peace. And cussions became deadlocked. it. was this kind of analytical thought; this crystallization of intelligence; Practical solutions to the world's this ability to separate things which chaotic condition were what these have heretofore been matters of creed; women wanted, and a significantly this process of clarification, w1!ich is sane attitude was taken on matters the immediate contribution of the Ingenerally looked upon with a slant. stitute. They did not come together They were there to examine the facts to formulate an abracadabra that and discover just a few" next steps" would open the door of difficulty for towarus realizing truth. And if per- all time. but to discover that there is haps a shade too much emphasis was a way to use facts, unbiased, in findplaced on the ·question of material ing the little wicket gate; in working peace rather than the coming of the with God in His colossal program for Prince of Peace, there was no lack of world harmonv. a wholesome Christian atmosphere. B"ESS ROBBINS WRITE, Race relations came in for a major share of attention; in fact, it seemed United Christian Missionary Society. to be the largest plank in the Christian platform of world cooperation. * >II >II When the question of economic conditions came up it brought with it such It was salutary for us missionary troublesome problems as foreign loans, folk, who perhaps incline to think of tariff, the partitioning of Africa, cable missions as the Christian force in the and wireless control and the over- Orient, to find so many other organiproduction of opium. The Japanese zations, commonly called "secular," exclusion act brought forth a storm working for the same Christian ends. of protest while a question that hung rfhe impresRion left by the Conference with considerable fire was whether our is that "all things are working toflag should follow our private capital- gether for good" and that, as the ists into foreign territory. Following chairman said at the closing meeting, the sense of distress that came with "God can build a world not despite the realization of the terrific economic but becm,sc of our differences," that barriers to world cooperation, the In- He is working out "a colossal plan stitute came calmlv face to face with that utilizes but far outreaches all our the unseverable i~ter-relation of all human organizations." missionary work and international relationship, recognizing the growing ELIZA P. COBB, and inevitable necessity of missionary forces cooperating unstintingly with Reformed Church in America. other forces if world cooperation be obtained. >II >II >II Such are only a few of the high It was a big subject but interesting points touched upon at the Institute. because of its bigness, and the method It is too soon to say what will come adopted in its study added to that out of the gathering. Certainly there interest.

The Institute as a whole decided on three main divisions, Racial, Eco- nomic, and Political as barriers to world cooperation.

Light was desired on various phases closing session, "These halls have of the main subject and to this con- been full of the glory of the Lord." tributions were made by Vassar College, Columbia University, New York ELIZABETH HILLS LYMAN City College, Swarthmore College, (Mrs. Albert J.) Howard University, Foreign Policy Association, Institute of International Woman's Board of Missions, Con- Education, and experts :from China, gregational Church. Japan, and Latin America. Mr. Will Irwin, author of "The Next War," High Lights from. the Vassar was present the entire week and his impressions will be interesting to read Conference when they appear in the fall. 'l'he thrill of being present at the A summary of the week will be sent birth of a Great Movement destined to the Educational Department of the to go down in history~a thrill of Woman's Auxiliary with a brief Bib- wonder, hope and expectation! liography on International Relations, and Church women will do well to The surprise at the unlikeness of familiarize themselves with it before (supposedly) like-minded people: making plans for fall programs. 'l'hat in a small gToup~presumably carefully chosen~one should encoun- FRANCES C. BOYNTON (Mrs. Chas. H.), ter, here a surprising ignorance, there Woman's. A1ixiliary, Domestic and a lack of sympathy, and again an un- expected prejudice. Our supposed Foreign Missionary Society, Prot- "broad-mindedness" so met i m e s estant Episcopal Church. seemed very dwarfed, our fair-mind- edness much tainted with prejudice. *+* So through the days we rose from I count the Vassar Institute one of the Valley of Human Mists to the the best worth-while in my experience Mountain Top of Enlightened Underof conferences in many lands. I for- standing and Hope~rose through got that I am a Congregationalist. labored climbing~as we journeyed My neighbors at table (different casting aside the prejudice and ignoneighbors at every meal made for rance that "did so easily beset us," a quick and wide acquaintance) were hard experience for some of us, but of all denominations, but we were one truly beneficent. in a common quest. In no other conference have I personally found so Criticism We Met (mostly from illustrated the purpose of Christ, outside l)~That the discussions were "that they all may be one." not sufficiently" missionary" or "re- ligious" in tone. Yes, politics (so- If anyone came to Vassar with the called) and policies were oft-discussed, notion that a personal or a national but to us the true spirit of Religion self-containment is advisable, that one seemed to permeate every group of must have gone away with her vision which we formed a part, or heard; stretched and with her hand out for and recognition of the Great Missionnew contacts. ary's Command to dominate all thinking. The presence at the Institute of people from eleven countries brought No, the specific mission study books a fresh realization that Home Mis- of the year were not in evidence sions and Foreign Missions are one; (though oft referred to) but God's that every argument for the one is an own Text Book was the source of our argument for the other; that every information and inspiration when the service to the one is service to the "Why" and "How" of World Relaother. tionship was the theme. Not merely "China's Challenge" but Christ's Not only during the twilight hour Challenge to Chr'istians was flung out of prayer and meditation was there a in no uncertain tones, to be met with consciousness of the presence of oJesus, a fair and square "What think yet" but, as Miss McCulloch said at the As a scarlet thread through all de-

liberations and discussions ran the con,ulg more and more a popular one theme of Kinship through a com- mf d10d for the presentation of the mon Fatherhood and Brotherhood. current mission study books before "Of One Blood" indeed was the pro- 10 cal. city or district groups. nouncement of those who thought and talked and hoped together. The Federation of Women's Boards of F'oreign Missions of North Amer- Recognit'ion-And very clear and ica is glad to announce that Miss Hardecided it was I-that this great task riet Taylor of New York City is availwas to be accomplished through the able to present the Study Course on Christian Church and peoples, with China at such Institutes. an encouraging recognition on the part of the Church of the incalculable Miss Taylor was formerly associatvalue of the work and cooperation of ed with the Foreign Department of secular organizations. the Young Women's Christian .Asso- ciation. She attended the China Mis- The Demand was not for mere out- sionary Centenary in 1907 and the lawry of war-a hatred for it, for China National Christian Conference that in turn seemed but to beget other in 1922. She, therefore, has an unhatreds-but there was an unmistak- usual background of information to able, unanimous, constructive desire bring to such a course. for Peace. We found that even here among the "Chosen," a sentiment Terms and arrangements for Miss against war might never be unani- Taylor's seryices can be made through msiroeusf~rbPuetactheawt aasninoevveerwryhhelemaritn,gwditeh- Miss Sarah Polhemus, Executive Secevery people. retary of the Federation, 25 Madison .Ave., New York City. So here, in halls sacred to youth and its enlightenment, on a college AT WILSON COLLEGE CONFER_ campus of inspiring beauty, even here was actual form given to thoughts, ENCE aspirations, hopes that had been long nebulous, and whose fulfillment, Two changes this year in the proseemed something for other genera- gram of the Wilson College Confertions to encompaSS-BUT NOW, with ence of Missions at Chambersburg, Pa. startling suddenness and imminent contributed much to its strength and nearness the dream was shaping into unity. The first of these was the prereality, the far-away was becoming liminary conference held the day be- fore to which came the leaders of the very near. various classes and the members of The Vassar Conference is sure to the Conference Committee.

make history. It is to be but the Instead of the several Bible classes forerunner ~f other such conferences customary in the past, the entire conthroughout our land, throughout all ference body came together this year lands, for truly are we learning that to consider" The Positive Messages of "Peace rules the day where reason Christian Faith for a World in Spirrules the mind," and the Prince of itual Need" under the masterly lead- Peace Himself led the thoughts of ership of Rey. James Gordon Gilkey. those who with Him, believe that Following this lecture hour the dele- "Blessed are the peacemakers" for gates separated again for the various t.hey are "the children of God." forums.

MRS. HARRY H. SKERRETT, In recognition of the cordial rela- President Atlantic District, Wom- tions existing between the residents of Chambersburg and the Conference en's American Baptist Foreign the meeting addressed by Mrs. Helen (Jnd Home Mission Societies. Barrett Montgomery was held in the largest church in the town and was HELP FOR MISSIONARY INSTI- opened. to the community, special reservatIOns being made for the Cham- TUTES bersburg people.

Fall and Winter Institutes are be-

fROM

JAPAN AND CHOSEN 4. To publish books on i'!-tern":tion~l pr?b· Exclusion and Missions lems. including the Amencan ImmIgratIon question. NUMEROUS further reports are coming from Japan on the effect New Seriousness in Japan which the exclusion act is having on MISS A. M. HENTY, a missionary Christian Missions. The Christian of the Church Missionary So- Centtwy states: "Meetings are being ciety in Japan since 1905, contributed held between many groups of Japa- a striking article on "Japan after the nese Christians looking toward a com- Earthquake" to the Chu,rch Missionplete divorce from all American con- ary Ou,tlook for ,Tuly. She says: nections, and the platforms of many "There is a new spirit of earnestness of the patriotic societies that have pro- and often of sadness among the moted the present agitatio,;! prOn?Ul:l.Ce crowds. Over 200 have bought 'festaconnection with any AmerIcan mISSIOn ments during the past six weeks; over or missionaries unpatriotic." thirty have come forward as real in- quirers. In January there was a de- On the 'other hand, the Baptist pressed look on even the children's Board of Foreign .Missions has re- faces' they had seen things tongue ceived a cablegram from one of its could' not tell. Today that is passing missionaries asserting: "The demand away, but on those of middle age the for separation from American missions mark is deeper. 'My gods were burnt; is limited to a few Christian leaders 1 have had no gods since then,' says who have consistently opposed foreign one. The fried fish man comes in aid. Churches as a whole are friendly from his street stall to study the Bible. toward the missionaries and refuse to lIe has bought two, one for himself take advantage of the political situa- and one for his wife, and he wants tion to further independent church." comfort. ' We had saved yen 1,000 in eight years and were going to retire, The Presbvterian U. S. A. Foreign but it is all gone, and we must start Board has se"llt out a reassuring ;;tate- again,' he explains. 'All gone '-and ment of the situation to "the relatives 80 are the factories and with them the and friends of missionaries in Japan." livelihood of thousands. But no work means time to think, and many are A speeial cablegram to the New thinking about One Who brought new York Times, July 28th descnbed the hope and joy to sad hearts long years organizatiori of an association called ago, and docs so stilL" "the Jap'1ll Federation of Religion~" composed of native leaders o.f Chnstianity Shintoism and BuddhIsm, who will un'ite to arouse" a patriotic spirit of national unity." It announces Newspaper Evangelism in Japan these objects: READERS of the REVIEW are fa- 1. To cultivate harmony among the dif- miliar with "newspaper evanferent religions. gelism" as a method which has been pursued with marked success by sev- 2. To guide popular thought al.ong ~he right path in considering the A:meTlca~ 1m· migration question and other mternatlOnal eral missionaries in Japan. Those who respond by letter to the newsproblems. paper articles are carefully and sys- 3. To eonvey the true sentiment of the tematically followed up, and a con- Japanese people toward Amenca by corre· spondence.

742

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

siderable list of inquirers is thus ing. If some anti-Japanese folk in secured. A Southern Baptist mis- America could have attended these sionary in Sendai, Japan, Jesse R. prayer-meetings they might have been Wilson, writes of this method: "We converted. Brother Kugimiya brought have regular courses in reading and a us seven wonderful messages, wonderlending library, besides a prescribed ful in power and simplicity. Large correspondence course leading up to erowds attended all the services. Mr. a decision. So far as results arc con- Kugimiya compares well with many cerned, we can report small groups in American evangelists. He preaches a at least three towns eager and ready straight gospel that grips, convinces to be organized for further develop- and converts his hearers. As a result ment. There seems to be no limit to of the meeting there are thirty-nine the scope of this work, and its future new believers, several of whom will be is about what we choose to make it. ready for baptism soon. The Church lt seems to be a great door-opener and also was greatly blessed. The Japabarrier-breaker, making a highway nese Christians are certainly praying into the hearts of many for the people. Practically all will lead in itinerating missionary and the visit- prayer in public, and they carry their Bibles and songbooks to church." ing evangelist."

Rebuilding Progress Pioneering in Chosen AOYAMA GAKUIN, the Methodist REV. J. K. GAMBLE, missionary college for boys in Tokyo, Japan, of the M. E. Church in Seoul, together with its sister institution for writes: '''1'here are in the Seoul Disgirls, Aoyama J 0 Gakuin, will com- trict six city churches and nine counplete a new administration building try circuits, making fifteen pastoral and dormitories before December. charges. Seonl is at one edge, and the 'fhese will take the place of buildings remotest part of the distriet is 150 destroyed by the earthquake of last miles away. The railroad runs through year. More than $200,000 is now onB part of it, but most of the work available for this purpose. During must be reached by auto, bicycle, pony the time that the schools have been or on foot. During the Quarter I housed in temporary barracks their visited at least six places where no enrolment has reached 2,903, which is foreign missionary had ever gone. I 253 more than before the disaster. held services in the home of a former The committee in charge of the raising sorceress, who, with her husband and of funds for the rehabilitation of the children, had become Christians; met work of the Protestant Episcopal one boy who hnd led his father and Church in Japan states that the goal mother to become Christians; held in view is $2,400,000 and that the ef- service in one church with about sevfort will be continued until the full enty-five people present where less amount is realized. than two years ago there was not one Christian; planned for four new Japanese Christians Pray , church buildings; planned for build- iug OJ' repairing three parsonages; A T Matoba, Japan, Rev. T. Kugi- and visited four of our primary miya conducted, in the spring, schools, ('aeh with an attendance of evangelistic meetings, of which Rev. about thirty. .. The money, energy I. L. Shaver, missionary of the M. E. and prayer being put forth in behalf Church, South, writes: "We visited of Korea by the Church in the home- 5,000 homes, distributed 15,000 hand- land and by the missionaries on the bills, and about 5,000 tracts. We also field arB bringing forth fruit unto life conducted an early morning prayer eternal. In all cases of new churches meeting, on a neighboring mountain being built the Korean Christians confor one week before the meeting began. tributr) at least one third of the cost." This was continued during the meet-

CHINA (5) Enthuse the whole staff with the love of J eSliB and a strong antipathy to Union Missions Building "squeeze, J' which in some places has nulli- 1'HERE is to be opened in Shang- hai before long a general headquar- fied all evangelistic effort. ters building for the Christian forces in China, which represents the coop- (6) The hospital evangelist should have eration of many denominations, and at natural sympathy, tact, love and special least three nationalities, American, training. Chinese and British. The first step had been taken by a Presbyterian mis- (7) A foreign pastor should give whole sionary who, being compelled by hi~ Or part time among the patients and in wife's ill-health to retire from service direct follow·up work. devoted a sum of money to provide a building in which the many Boards (8) Methods of evangelism suggested are and Councils already existing in use of pictures in books and o~ sheets, China might hold their meetings and memorizing of texts, lantern serVIces, perconduct their business. From thi·, sonal conversations and health lectures. family came $150,000 gold, the American P"'esbyterians sold their old head- The Hainan Tragedy quarters 1';1' $150,000 Mex. which they put into the new building, and th3 NEWS of the murder of Rev. Trustees of the Laura Spelman Rocke- George D. Byers, Presbyterian feller Furid made a gift. The new missionary at Kachek, on the Island building will have ample accommoda- of Hainan, came just before the Aution for the offices and committ3e gust REVIEW went to press. Further rooms of the Kational Christian Coun- details have been received since, as cil as well as for such bodies as the China Medical Missionary Association, follows: the Sunday School Union, the Asso- Mr. and ]frs. Byers and children ciated Mission Treasurers, etc. A certain percentage of all rents goes into were alone in the station, all other an upkeep and repair fund, and th3 members being on vacation or leave. rest is to be used for the maintenance At 11 P. M. Tuesday, June 24th, a of the National Christian Council. Chinese letter was brought to Dr. H. M. McCandliss, Hoihow, from the Medical Evangelis:m military official. It was a copy of a t.elephone message from the military THE medical missionary workers officer at Kachek, arldressed to the Hoi- who were staying last summer at how Hospital, and read: Pei-tai-ho agreed in conference on the following items in a forward-looking Four ruffians entered the compound to program of medical evangelism, as given in 'l'ke Chinese Recorder: bind and cany off Mr. Byers. He refused (1) The hospital staff should all he to go so was shot in the abdomen and earnest Christians: this is fully as important as technical training. killed. 'rail the others. Please come at (2) The siee of the hospital, being an once to Kachek to make arrangements for evangelistic agency, should be in proportion to the spiritual power of the staff. burinl. (Signed) MRs. BYERS.

(3) There should he hearty cooperation Dr. McCandliss immediately went between the hospital staff and the Christian to see the British Consul, and the mescenters of the districts. The leaders of sage was sent to Kiungchow by telethe local church make effective volunteer phone. lVIr. Tappan and Mr. Camphospital evangelistic workers; they should bell went immediately to see the be encouraged. officials in the city, and it was decided that Mr. Tappan and Mr. Steiner (4) Care must be taken that there he should leave for Kachek at daybreak. interest in the patients as ·individuals, not with an escort. This is not a general simply as "cases." anti-foreign uprising nor an attack on the station. It seems to be a frus- trated attempt to secure ransom.

Suffering for Christ's Sake THE story comes from Kachek, Hainan, of a native Christian who was seized by bandits, the abduction

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

having been arranged by relatives in ing a sum over 2,000 cash (possibly an effort to make him give up his faith $2, lfex.), which they sent one of the in Christ. This man was bound and jailors as their contribution. This gagged, and a bag was put over hil'! was no small sum, taking into consid- head. He was then forced to walk for eration that each prisoner receives several hours and finally was taken only an allowance of 60 cash a day into a house and tied to a door frame, from the Government, with which to where he was left standing that night meet his daily needs. "-China's Mil- and the next day. Then he was given lions.

a little food and some water, the bag was again put over his head, and he On the Tibetan Border R was taken out for a walk, although he EV. T. G. HITCH, who represents a faith enterprise known as The later found out that he was brought back to the same place. This was re- Tibetan Itineracy, writes from Sining- peated for several days, when some fu, Kansu Province, China; "During soldiers came to the village in search the last few months we have made the of this man. He was quickly gagged Gospel known in tent and temple, on and taken out into the woods where he the road and in the inn, in lamasery was tied to a tree in such a manner and in the home, to civilized and un- that the blood was shut off in his arms. civilized-to Tibetans, Chinese and After struggling for hours, he loos- Mohammedans. Sometimes we have ened his bonds by wearing away the been on the road as early as 3 ; 30 a. m.

flesh and we.nt to the Presbyterian in bitter cold weather; we have been mission hospital. ,The missionary in peril of robbers, in danger of sav- physician in charge writes: "His right age beasts, have crossed rivers frozen arm was in such a condition that for and partly frozen, traversed the edges a time I thought of amputation. All of uncanny precipices, crossed several the muscle fibers were destroyed and glaciers, climbed a number of moun- only the cords had prevented the de- tains-two of them of enormous size.

struction of the blood vessels and We have been well received and cold- nerves. Below this the arm hung limp, ly treated; some have listened with covered with huge black blisters, which interest and received literature read- had ruptured and had become infect- ily, some have turned a deaf ear and ed. As soon as his arm healed he went refused anything connected with the home, and is now planning a chapel 'Jesus' religion. Some have smiled and school for his village." and some have scoffed. In our homes my dear wife has held many meetings Gifts from Prisoners –at times dailv and sometimes twice FROM the northwestern province of a day. There· is promise of fruit, Kansu Rev. D. Tornvall, of the praise the Lord. About 4,000 items China Inland Mission, writes how the of sound Christian literature were disnative Christians have been giving tributed during the first three months out of their poverty" for the further- of the year. INe always try to make ance of the Gospel," and then con- sure the recipients can read. All tinues; "The prison as well as the lamas can read, many Tibetans can- poorhouse in this city have been vis- not. "

ited. These two places are open to the Gospel, especially the prison, INDIA OF where several are interested and even Islam in India call themselves' members of Jesus' re- the recent visit to India of Rev.

ligion.' When Pasto!" Hsie was here Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., the the poor prisoners heard of the meet- National Christian Council Review ings, and although in chains and un- says; "Clearly he has not only shown able to attend, some of them sub- up the meagerness of what is being scribed 50 cash, others 100 cash, mak- done for Moslems by the Christian 6

forces in India (no skilled observer Government, is receiving the support could fail to perceive that), but he has of a growing numher of India's leadbrought with him a new temper of ers. "Untouchability," says the Forhope and has given to many a wealth wa1'd of Calcutta, II is the greatest obof new ideas and a conviction, which stacle to our nation-building, and is they perhapB lacked before, that the a slur on humanity. From the standtask can be accomplished." At the poin t of national reconstruction, of conference on missionary work for our political and social regeneration, untouchability is a curse and a stand- Moslems held at the hill station Lan- ing monument to our weakness. No dour, at which Dr. Zwemer was the chapter in the census reports of India, principal speaker, the following reso- not even the alarming death-roll or lutions were passed; the dark figures measuring the depth and extent of our ignorance is more We recognize it to be a lamentable fact, appalling, or gives a greater sense of that, in the past, there has been woeful neg- shame and waste than that of the I delect among practically all missions and pressed,' or we should say oppressed churches in ] ndia in efforts On behalf of classes. " Moslems; but we see new light ahead of us. In view of the present political and religious The American Board states in its conditions of Islam, it is our firm conviction Bulletin, that "thousands of outcastes that the Moslems of India are accessible and in southern India have been forming we shonld consider this an urgent call to processions and mart:hing through forgive them the Gospel. Our attitude toward bidden streets, drinking at public them at this time should be characterized by wells and encircling the temples from a spirit of love. and sympathy, such as our which they have always been excluded. Lord used so tactfully when dealing with Advised by Gandhi, they have exerinquirers. , cised remarkable restraint, using only; the methods of passive resistance. In Resolved, such ways not less than one hundred (1) That we hear the caU of China, and million people are rising to self-con- Afghanistan, and the local calls of our sciousness and a sense of personal and ne:ghbor Moslems, and pray tIle Lord of the social worth. It is possibly the most harvest to supply their needs. far-reaching social movement of our (2) That we urge missionaries to under- time, vastly significant in respect to take some practicable form of special prep· the approaches of Christianity." ar3.tion to meet this urgent need. (3) That we specially encourage young A Sadhu Mission missionaries of suitahle qualifications to prepare themselves for work among Moslems; AGROUP of twelve Indian Chrisand that we nse well-equipped Moslem con- tians in Madras, South India, beverts for this workJ, providing for their fnll- lieving strongly in thc value of using est equipment. indigenous methods, have organized (4) That we utilize in every possible way "a new missi on of pure evangelism," the press, and all forms of attractive liter- to be called the Sadhu Mission. The ature; which is a powerful force in winning Christian Patriot, of Madras, thus de- Moslems to Christ. scribes the methods to be followed; (5) That above all else, we recognize fully 'I The sudhlls spend four days in the and depend Wholly upon the power of the week in instructing the youths who Holy Spirlt in this service of love, and are dedicated to God's work by their earnestly seek His help and gnidance in all parents and sent to us for education onr efforts to bring the Moslems of India and training. Two days are spent in to know and love our Lord alld Saviour Jesus out-door evangelistic work; spending Christ. on an average six hours in a village; and every hut in the village is sup- :India's Outcastes Rising plied with pamphlets which will lead to further inquiry….. The Sadhu Mis- THE greatest movement in India at the present time, in the opinion of the Dnyanodaya, the Christian newspaper of Bombay Presidency, is that of India's untouchables towards com- mon recognition by their fellow-men, and it is a most encouraging fact that this movement, initiated by Christian missionaries generations ago and en- couraged at every stage by the Blritish

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sion is conducting a residential school nusy, but nowhere else was there such with classes up to the third form from an appreciation of our work. The the infant standard upward. " Ameer visited ns several times, as did most of the leading men of the town. THE NEAR EAST Everywhere we were greeted and treated cordially and here as in every: Into the Heart of Arabia place the streets leading to our house were always lined with the blind, DR. DAME, medical missionary at crippled, and the sick who were seek- Bahrein, Arabia, has completed a ing relief. Boreida is very different four months' journey into the heart from Aneizu. Since it is the seat of of Arabia, of which the Board of For- government for the northern part of eign .Missions of the Reformed Church Nejd, there are many Bedouin there, in America says: "Perhaps few will which means fanatical Ikhwan." realize what a great achievement this is merely as a matter of travel, but it London-Bagdad Man it to be remembered that apart from members, of political or military mis- MAIL from IJondon reaches Bagsions, th"8 number of European travel- dad in ten days since the inauers who have penetrated the territory guration of a motor car service from covered by the doctor in the last hun- Haifa to Bag-dad. London letters are dred years is less than ten. " Dr. Dame brought by, ~teamers to Haifa whence writes of the places visited: "Shakra they are dispatched over the new is the capital of Washm. It has a motor car route across the desert to population of about six to eight thou- ancient Babylonia.-Jewish Era. sand at most. 'Ve were given a peculiar reception. Upon arriving, we Types of Zionists were directed to the Beit-el Mal, the home of the local treasurer for Bin REV. S. B. ROHOLD writes from Sa 'oud, and his tax collector. The Haifa in the Jewis'h Missionary mAjlis was full of town notables, but Harald of having sold in the last quarthe address was made by the treasurer. ter 674 copies of the Bible in whole or He informed us that the likes of us in part in eight different languages. would never have been permitted in He says of his work among Zionists: that district a few years ago, we would "We have six young men working on long since have heen killed; but now, our land at the moment, and every thanks to the rule of Bin Sa'oud, the one has given us cause for gratitude. Muslims were all of one class and all …. They deserve all the encourageunited; there was no fighting between ment and help that we can give them. ihemselves and by the kindness of the They have come out to Palestine fired Sultan woe were permitted to come to with the ideal of rebuilding Zion, and, this land to treat the lVIuslimeen. No- consciously or unconsciously, they are where were we treated so royally as at forming part of the 'returning rem- Aneiza. Frequently we were the nant.' They are all professional men. guests of some of the leading families Two of them are architects of high for meals and every evening we made attainments, possessing diplomas, and two or three social visits and were capable of doing the best kind of obliged to turn down as many more. work. They thought that their pro- Our evenings were usually booked a fession would be needed for the reweek ahead. Religious discussions building of the land, and that may were of course sometimes entered come later, but there is no scope for upon, but not in such bigoted, hate- them at present. Another is trained ful, sneering manner as was usually in agronomics; the fourth is an electhe case in Riadh and Shakra. The trical engineer; the fifth is a doctor lVIoslem here was, however, as unre- of philosophy, who understands Greek lenting as he is in any other part of and Latin and tries to impart his Arabia. Here. too, we were extremely knowledge to the young men who are

working with him. The sixth is a Tal- lem student in which he openly at- mudist from the heart of Poland…. tacks th(' 1J'niversity for undermining I had a most interesting discussion the faith of the Mosl-em boys and for with them yesterday on the subject of trying to make Christians of them. divine revelation." He then tries to show what a breach of etiquette it is for the American AFRICA ~(JniYersity, as guests of the Egyptian Government, to attempt to force the British Conference on Africa Christian religion on the Moslem boys. He insists that the Mohammedan ACONFERENCE on African mis- church authorities and the Egyptian sions, to be held at High Leigh, Government should take immediate near London, Aeptemher 8th to 13th, steps to conduct a thorough investihas been arranged by the Standing gation. Such an investigation as this Committee of the Conference of Mis- young man advocates would probably sionary Societies in Great Britain. result in the University's losing all its Its object is "to give missionaries on Moslem students. However, no invesfurlough the opportunity of discuss- tigation has been started and the ening their problems with workers fro:r;Il rollment (If Mohammedan boys in the other African fields, and of coming Uniwrsity still goes beyond the fifty into touch with some of the larger per cent mark. Vhat a tremendous questions affecting the future of mis- testimony to the power of prayer that sionary work in the Afr.iean Conti- the University can continue this work nent which are at present engaging with MoslelYl~ in the face of such the attention of the home boards. The criticism. One of the n-ewer and more main subject of the -conference will be promising studpnts is a boy from Baga consideration of the problems of dad, who had been brought up in a Christian education in Africa, -with Moslem family ami in a Moslem comspecial reference to the conclusions munity, yet is dissatisfied with the of the Education Commission to West whole system of Mohammedanism and and South Africa three years ago and is looking for the light. of the Commission which has visited East Africa this year." The members Twenty Years in Uganda of this Commission have visited Abyssinia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, DR. A. R. COOK, who is in charge Nyasaland, Rhodesia and Portuguese of the large medical mission of East Africa, and received a cordial the Church Missionary Society in the welcome both from the government capital of the Uganda Protectorate, educational authorities and the mis- made an extensive tour through the sions. They expect to attend this Lon- Eastern Province in February last. don conference. Invitations to send Much of the ground was covered in a representatives to the conference have tour of a similar kind twenty years been heartily accepted by missionary ago, and naturally many changes were organb:ations in Belgium, France, constantly fleen. At one station, Na- Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. It bumale, on the slopes of Monnt Elgon, is hoped also that some of the mission- all was life and activity. Dr. Cook ary boards in North America may be writes: ., The people had gathered able to send representatives. spontaneously to greet us in church, and quite filled the building, a hand- Moslems Being Reached some stone edifice. Both Mrs. Cook and myself had the pleasure of ad- FRIENDS who have been support- dressing them, and we naturally dwelt ing the American University at on the contrast between our first visit Cairo in prayer are being reminded of with Bishop Tucker in 1903 and the reasons for thankfulness in the an- present. Then we were met by a madswers to their prayers: A recent issue man flinging stones, and found-a handof a Cairo newspaper contained a commnnication from a former Mos-

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ful of converts, amI a tumble-down League of Nations, which has been erection used as a church, where the grantpd. Before admission Abyssinia all but naked worshippers were care- Bigned a declaration that she would fully asked to leave their spears out- observe the League obligations, which side. 'One soweth and another reap- include the endeavor "to secure the eth,' and as we saw the crowded complete suppression of slavery in all church and well-clothed people, the its forms, and of the slave trade by large boarding school with its indus- land and sea." This, it will be notrial side, the weavery, the carpentry ticed, says the Ch7trch Missionary Resheds, the large girls' school, etc., we view, "involves not only the suppresfelt that here was a tonic for weak- sion of raiding for slaves, but also of hearted Christians at home. In the the entire trade, and of every form last three weeks they had sold £300 of slavery. Abyssinia also agrees to worth of books, chiefly Bibles, to these recognize the binding force of the erstwhile cannibals. " system established for regulating the import of arms and ammunition. If Hospital Boat for Congo Britain, France, Italy, and Abyssinia cooperate whole-heartedly it ought not THE launching by the Disciples of to be long before the slave trade is a steamer to do medical work on entirely suppressed in Eastern Africa. the Congo was announced in the May The termination of domestic slavery REVIEW. Another enterprise, set on will require longer time, but it ought foot by Madame Lippens of the Congo to be achieved within a reasonable BeIge, is described in the Congo Mis- period. It is stated that in Abyssinia, sion News: "It includes a large hos- the mandated territories of Southpital boat fitted with all medical, sur- West Afl·ica, and Tanganyika, some gical and dental necessities, with every 1,000,000 persons are still held in electrical requirement including wire- slavery under systems which give to less, with a refrigerating plant, oper- their owners a salable right of propating theater, special treatment rooms, erty over their bodies." etc., and two barges for towing, somewhat similarly fitted up. The profes- Y. M. C. A. in South Africa sional staff should be sufficiently numerous so that it could be divided COMMENTING on the interracial and the barges left at different places conference held in Johannesburg for more or less extended community last September, and referred to in the treatments, the steamer proceeding to June REVIEW, The Southern Workother points and returning to shift man says: "The spirit of this gatherthe barges and link up all the work. ing has gone out over the country; Badjoko, the highly-esteemed black it has been evident when audiences of Administrator in the Oriental Prov- white students have been addressed on ince, has made a collection for the behalf of the Africans; it has been boat amol1g the natives of Yanonge, felt by the people who count for most; an example that might well be fol- it can be detected among Africans in lowed elsewhere." their increased efforts and hope. God is working in South Africa and is Outlook for Slavery making it possible through the Y. M. C. A. work to render service in the REFERENCE was made in the RE- difficult task of race adjustment. VIEW last September to the re- There are very encouraging results to crudescence of slave raiding on the be seen from the social work of the Abyssinian frontier of Uganda, and' Y. M. C. A. There are today twenty the proposed scheme of the Regent associations among students, and in of Abyssinia for its suppression. almost everyone of these there has Further evidence of his sincerity has been brought about such a sense of the now been given by his application for need of Y. M. C. A. workers and such the admission of Abyssinia to the

a desire to have a share in meeting gary, stripped of most of its possesthat need that a vast amount of work sions, and subjected to the authority has been accomplished." of a race (the Roumanian) quite un- accustomed to rule, where the very EUROPE idlla of toleration is unknown. In the new kingdom of Jugo-Slavia there is British Missionary Conference a tiny Reformed Church, whose stu- dents were all trained in Hungary, THE Conference of British Mis- and many of whose ministers came sionary Socicties~an outgrowth of from there; now students may not the 1910 Edinburgh Conference~ cross that frontier, and they have no brought together at Swanwick, Eng- college at home, so that unless help land, during the last week in June, comes from outside, the little Church 120 members, Anglicans and Free must be starved into submission. Is Churchmen, representative of the that no concern of ours T With a Scottish and Irish Churches, and of rather tepid interest many people the interdenominational societies. Un- heard of the national uprising of the like its predecessors, the 1924 gather- Czechs when t.hey realized that the ing was mostly concerned with the nightmare oppreS'sion of Austria and missionary situat.ion in the home the Jesuits had passed, and of the churches. Mr. J. H. Oldham supplied, flocking into a freer Church life of in an opening address, the background multitudes. A glorious harvest has for the later sessions. "Reminding been reaped by the small Reformed the conference of the birth of modern Church there, but only a portion of missionary enterprise, and the ma- what there might have been, if men chinery of organized societies which and means had been put at their comhas resulted, he urged that their lead- mand." ers should' be alert for the call of God to cut new channels and take .fresh Waldenses in Italy paths. What is asked of the Church at home is not, primarily, more money THE annual report of the Waldenor men, but a new quality of life. A sian Aid Society, read at its sevrevival of spirituality is needed, and ent-eenth annual meeting, gave an the missionary societies together have optimistic account of the progress of something real to contribute to its de- Protestantism in Italy. The removal velopment. The missionary platform of the theological semina.ry from rests upon t.hree truths~the world is Florence to Rome was effected by a a unity, an.d Christianity has no mean- gift from Mrs. John S. Kennedy of ing except as a world religion; the New York, who supplied for the comonly terms upon which men can live pletion of the new buildings in Rome together are that they should live to enough money to supplement the proserve one another; the inspiration ceeds of the sale of t,he old buildings and power for this service lie in what in Florence. The Waldenses take par- God is and has for us." ticular satisfaction in the recognition which they seeured during the year European Churches in Need from the gove,rnment of Signor Mus- BOlini. 'l'he minister of education, as ASTIRRING editorial in the Rec- a measure against atheistic socialism, ord of the United Free Church of deereed that the crucifix should be re- Scotland appeals for an increasing illfltat'ed in every schoolroom in Italy. sense of the oneness of the Evan- This caused Waldensians great congelical Church, which will go to the cern, for they were not willing to help of some of the churches on the have in their schools a symbol BO dis- Continent in their need. "The Re- tinctly Romanist. A delegation was formed Church of Transylvania, organized to present the Waldensian which for generations stood as the point of view to the Government, bulwark of Protestantism in Eastern Europe, is now detached from Hun-

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which as quickly as the matter could of one aspect of this John Wilkinson be explained issued a supplement,ary writes in T he Missionary Voice: "As edict: "The W aldensians will be free conditions become more stabilized in to choose whatever emblem they ClIecho-Slovakia, and there is more wish. " This put a new responsibility trouble in Russia. and Galicia and on the chief officers of the Church, other parts of the Ukraine, emigrant which they met handsomely by pur- student population will increase to the chasing for every room in every Wal- thousands. Toda.y we are in the very densian school an impressive picture closest spiritual contact with a group of Christ blessing little children. The of 3,000 RU'ssian and 3,000 Ukrainian King and Queen continue to show students whom we are helping in each distinct personal favor toward the case to adjust their torn and tattered Waldensians. lives and to bring them back to a be- lief in God and in good, and to show German Missionaries May Return them as best we can the way to live and how to conduct themselves so that I ~ response to recommendations of they may become useful citizens in the Conference of British Mission- the kingdom and later among their ary Societies, the British Government own people." has decided to removc all discrimination against Gernian missions in the Divorce in Soviet Russia British Crown Colonies, Protectorates, and Mandated Territories. These AN Associated Press dispatch from German missionary societies will now Moscow gives this striking picture be in the same position as the mission- of moral conditions under the Soviet ary societies of all other non-British regime: "A divorce can be obtained countries. 'rhere will therefore no within five minutes at a cost of $1.50, longer be any political hindrances to provided both parties agree to the disthe return of German missionaries to solution of the marriage ties. If, howtheir former fields in these colonies ever, one party objects to dissolution under the administration of the Brit- the case must be referred to the courts, ish Colonial Office; but financial dif- which will decide the question on its ficulties will probably severely limit merits. Misconduct does not constithe number of these missionaries that tute a valid reason for the annulment can be sent out unless financial aid is of marital ties, but desertion, religious given by the churches of other coun- superstition, excessive religious piety, tries. incompatibility of temperament and divergence in political views are held Prague a Student Center to be sufficient causes. No Russian may obtain a divorce and remarry WITH the influx of students from more than three times within one year. all parts of Russia and from Divorces in the Moscow district insome of the troubled border states of creased by 45 per cent during the first the Ukraine, the University of Prague, six monthS' of 1924, as compared with which is the oldest university on the 1923. Religious superstition was one continent of Europe, is rapidly be- of the most frequent causes given in coming the most important center of the applications." In the Czarist Slavic culture in Europe. Now that days it required from three to six: the Russian University and high years to have a marriage annulled. schools are closed, Czecho-Slovakia has become the leader, intellectually and Rnssian Communist Rite economically of the Slav people of the earth and has become the arrow-head RUSSIAN Communists have evolved of all Slav nations. a new ceremony, called the " octiabriny," by which their children The M. E. Church, South, has been are dedicated to the cause of comdoing some valuable work since the munism, and which thus takes the Great War in Czecho-Slovakia, and

place of baptism under the old regime publishing house in Germany. They of the State Chnrch, though it is en- are the version known as Amat, and tirely without religious reference. "It several hundred have gone out to pas- is doubtful," writes one Communist, tors, correspondents, and colporteurs.

"whether any propaganda of anti- In the hands of a wise worker it be- religious character ever gave us such comes easy to show how the notes are positive, good results as did the oc- no part of the text, which is practical- tiabriny. Assisting at the ceremony, ly the same as that of the versions the workman becomes conscious of the sold at a much lower price by the fact that even such a solemn event as Bible Society."

the birth of his child he can celebrate at home, in his circle, just as well as Need in San Domingo S in the church. Thus, the necessity of AN ISIDRO is one of the missions carried on by the Protestant Epishis visiting the church is dropping copal Church among English-speakaway by itself." ing people in the Dominican Re- public. The wife of Archdeacon Others, however, attack the octia- Wyllie writes in The Spirit of Misbriny as savoring too strongly of the sions: "It is a sugar estate a little old religious forms, and thus, by the over ten miles from San Domingo law of association, strengthening in City. On this estate are more than a the minds of the peasants the hold of thousand souls, who know little of life ceremonies of the Church which, as but its grind of hard work from mornalleged superstitions, communism is ing until night, or from evening until trying to. wipe out. One workman morning, in order that the world at claims: "The octiabriny, which takes large may have its sugar. Two servplace in the presence of hundreds of ices are held here every Sunday by working men and women, is doubtless Archdeacon Wyllie or a layreader, il'> the means of propaganda which ap- a dilapidated schoolroom where a plied. to the wide masses is giving us Dominican woman, with scant equipthe best available results."

LATIN AMERICA ment, tries to give the children some education.' , Me%icans Buying Bibles There are nineteen different centers THE American Bible Society is where similar work is being carried on for the English-spealring Negroes . pursuing methods in Mexico which who come from other West Indies are producing encouraging results, as Islands as laborers to Santo Domingo. Yet "in not one place-not even in Rev. A. H. Mellen describes them in the capital, Santo Domingo City," says Mrs. Wyllie, "have we a church, the Bible Society Record: "Mr. Mar- only temporary chapels made from roquin, our chief clerk, conceived the some room in a building….. One conidea of publishing on a large card in solation we have is, if we do not have parallel columns three versions of the churches we do have congregations. decalogue. One from the authorized Even in a sugarcane field, or on the Roman Catholic Bible, edition of Scio sandy shore at Boca Chica, within a de S. Miguel; one from the standard half an hour people can be called toversion published by the Bible So- gether for a service." ciety, called Valera; and the third, from the catechism of Father Ripalda, In Dutch Guiana the authorized teaching of the Chnrch of Rome for young and old. The testimony as to the value of this simple T plan has been most interesting. Some HE Moravians are carrying on work in their mission in Surinam of the colportenrs have declared that it saved all arguments, and proved a among three distinct groups of people.

sound selling device. Roman Cath- First are the native Bush Negroes, olic New Testaments are bought by of whom one missionary says: "Let the Agency direct from the pontificial no one talk about the childlike, happy

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

~tate of the heathen. If one has only "~About a year ago we began to hear looked these people here and there in about a consecration that was to take the face, one can see that they live in place on Corpus Christi Day. It was constant fear and uncertainty." The rnmored that the president of the re- second group is the British Indians, public was going to consecrate the who are thus described; "They are roountry and all who lived in it to the still living on the religious capital, so Heart of Jesus. No one could quite to speak, which they have brought explain just how this consecration was with them from India-and that is not to be done but all were eagerly wait- small. But in the case of later gen- ing to see what would happen. Ar- erations this tie with the homeland is ticles began to appear in the news- loosened, especially as no fresh im- papers: all were against this act ex- migrants arrive any more. Already cept tbe paper which is published by one gets the impression that the wor- the Government. Finally a meeting ship of mammon has gained the mas- of the university students was held, tery over many of them. What a and they decided that this consecra- grand thing it would be to win these tion was not constitutional nor lawful people with their great gifts." Third in a republic, and that they would not are the J avans, who are" praised for consent to it. No thought of violence their industry, their neatness and was suggested, but as the students their quiet way of doing things; were leaving the building t.hey were whilst, on ·the other hand, they are fired upon by government soldiers arid often blamed for their gambling five were killed. As the working men habits and also for a certain tendency were in sympathy with the students, to steal." and as the leader of the students is a leader of the working class also, a gen- Revivals in Brazil eral strike was declared. A big dem- REPORTS of the passing political onstration took place when the five revolution have not been the only victims were buried, and a few days news that has come from Brazil dur- later posters were pasted everywhere ing the summer. Rev. C. L. Smith, stating that the Archbishop of Lima miB>!ionary of the M. E. Church, would not dedicate the country, for South, in Porto Alegre, writes in The various reasons. We felt that it truly Mis'sionary Voice of a great revival was a great victory for the thinkers in that city and elsewhere in Brazil; of the country."

"Central Church, Porto Alegre, has Indian South America never been so crowded in all its history. One hundred and eighteen new THE way in which the various forcandidates were enrolled. Rev. Derley eign mission boards in the United Chaves did the preaching. The Insti- States have been aroused to organized tutional Church, this city, enrolled effort on behalf of the unevangelized one hundred and eight new candidates. Indians of South America was last We have had line meetings through- referred to in the REVIEW in June. out t.he conference. During the last two months about fourteen hundred Now reports come that by what, ~ as new believers have been enrolled as probationers. Our schools are The L1fe of Faith says, "could only crowded." have been a divine coincidence" mis- sionary forces in England have been teking similar action. The societies which have alreadv met in conference Church and Sta.te in Peru include the South" American Mission- ary Society, the Evangelical Union of ANOTHER chapter in the fight for South America, the Bolivian Indian religious liberty in Peru, last re- J1~ission, the World-Wide Evangelizaferred to in the REVIEW in July, is tIOn Crusade, and the Bible Churchnarrated by Miss Ruth Ransom, Meth- men's Missionary Society. "Much odist Episcopal missionary in Lima: valuable and exploratory work has

been done, including the preparation THB Southern Methodists for Union of a Ilnique map of Amazonia showing lo~g step taken toward the the distribution of its three to four liillon of the Northern and Southhundred tribes and their linguistic affinities; while pioneers are already ern branches of the Methodist Epis- ~opal Church, in the vote for such on the field blazing the trails and union passed by the General Conprubing their way to the heart of the ference at Springfield, Mass., was recorded in the ,Tuly REVIEW. The problem. Beginnings have been made next step was the action of the special session of the General Conference of not only inthedirleacntguevaagnegseltiosm~rbituitngin. the M. E. Church, South, on July 5th reducing in Chattanooga, Tenn. The vote stood 297 to 95. The other branch of the backed by the unfailing support of the Church adopted the pending proposal by 802 to 13. The plan having now British and Foreign Bible Society." been accepted by the two general con- Rev. L. L. Legters, of the Pioneer Mission Agency, points out that a man who has even a twenty-eight part of .

Indian blood is classed aB an Indian.

But the eBsential teBt is the ability to ferences, it gocs to all the annual speak Spanish, and even a full- conference" for their vote. If adopted blooded Indian who can do thiB iB no by a two thirds majority the bishops longer called an Indian. of the two Churches will call sessions NORTH AMERICA of their general conferences to meet Conference on Eva.ngelism in the same city, at which the final act DENOMINATIONAL . Becretaries of unification will take place. This for evangelism and other evan- may occur by the spring of 1926. gelistic leaders met at Nuonrdtehrfietlhd~ iVlass., June 24th to 26th, Prize Essa.y Competitions general direction of the Federal Coun- I iSPIRED perhaps by the interest cil of Churches. They decided to enter aroused by the Bok Peace Plan, this seems to be a season for prize esunitedly in the autumn upon a pro- say competitions. The first announcegram of increasing church attendance. ment is that a prize of one hundred The plan has two main objectives: dollars for the best article on the im- :first, to interest the absentee church p.ortance of federation and cooperamember who does not take church at- tIOn. a~o~g the churches is offered by tendance seriously as a duty; and, a Vlrglllla layman, who believes that second, to secure the attendance of the movement for Christian cooperaevery possible person in the commu- tion needs much wider popular internity who is not now a member of the pretation throughout th'8 rank and file Church. The :first Sunday in October of the churches. The award is to be is suggested as a day for the simul- de~ermjned by a committee to be aptaneous launching of this program pomted by the Federal Council of the throughout the country. The confer- Churches, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, to whom all articles must be ence also gave special attention to submitted not later than December 1 plans for developing a fall evangel- 1924. The articles should not exceed istic program by the pastors and lay- three thousand words in l'8ngth. men or the churches. During recent years, the period in the spring just preceding Easter has come to be generally accepteu as a time for concerted The Foreign Mission Board, South- ern Baptist Coofnfevreendtioan,priRzeichomf oonnd~ emphasis on evangelism. It was felt Virginia, has that a similar plan needed to be developed for the fall, culminating in a thousand dollars for the best manu- s"cArinptAlotenrnaetviavnegfeolricaalLoCsthroirstDieacnaityy~ definite attempt to lead men and women into the Church. This would be the climax of the proposed campaign jng Religious Faith." "Multitudes on church attendance. of people who once held the faith of

NEWS PROM MANY LANDS

Roman Catholicism, Greek Orthodoxy, Civilized Tribes–Iegalized robbery."

Mohammedanism, Buddhism, etc., no Some of the things described seem longer believe in these religions. If almost incredible, but they are certi- you believe that Evangelical Chris- fied to by three experienced investi- tianity can bring satisfaction, peace gators. Among other counts in this and strength to these souls now adrift indictment is the statement" that chil- on a sea of doubt and scepticism, can dren have been allowed to die for lack you write a book 'Yhich can convinc- of nourishment because of the heart- ingly present this faith to these im- lessness and indifference of their pro- periled voyagers 1 If so, you are fessional guardians, who had ample invited to send in your manuscript of funds in their possession for the care from 40,000 to 60,000 words. Send of their wards; that young Indian three copies to the Committee before girls (mere children in size and men- May 1, 1925 with a pen-name attached tality) have been robbed of their and an accompanying letter to the virtue and their property through secretary, " kidnapping and a liberal use of • liquor; that when oil is 'struck' on New Indian Legislation an Indian's property it is usually con- sidered prima facie evidence that he is AN act granting citizenship to In- incompetent, and in the appointment dians was approved on June 2nd of a guardian for him his wishes in and provides that all non-citizen Indi- the matter are rarely considered." In ans born within the territorial limits short, the report gives a specific bill of the United States shall be citizens of particulars to substantiate the of the United States, "providing that claim that Indians are helpless under the granting of such citizenship shall existing conditions, and that the only not in any manner impair or other- hope for saving the property of the wlse affect the right of any Indian to remaining 18,000 restricted members tribal or other property." The edu- of the Five Civilized Tribes-for them cated and progressive Indians have and their. children-lies in giving to long sought eqnal rights with their the InterlOr Department full jurisneighbors under the law. Upon com- diction over their affairs.-The Southpliance with the requirements of state ern lVorkmav.. laws, these, our first Americans, will now have full rights of suffrage enjoyed by citizens of the states. "This The United Church of Canada T legislation," says the Southern Work- HB most recent obstacles to Cana- dian ehurch union were described mam, "should clarify the status of Indians in reference to compulsory III the August REVIEW. The Christian education, health, and criminal laws. Century llOW reports that on June The statute very wisely affords protec- 27th the ~ight of thB Presbyterian, tion to these new citizens by provid- lIf e tho dIS t and Congregational ing that property rights of the Indian Churches of Canada to incorporate as shall not be disturbed in their new the United Church of Canada was con- relation to the law. " ceded in the Dominion Parliament Oklahoma Indians when ehe amendment to the pending bill, bringing the union into force on ASENSATION was created in both .TUI;e ~9, 1925, was passed by a large Washington and Oklahoma by the ma,Jol'Ity. Party hnes were disrepublicity given by the Associated garded in the voting on the bill. Prime Press to a summary of a report en- Minister King explained that the Govtitled "Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indi. {'rUInent had no policy, and that he ans," recently issued by the Indian personally favored church union as Rights Association, and bearing the a purpose. leaving the Courts free to descriptive subtitle, "An orgy of pass on the validity of the aet after it graft and exploitation of the Five had been passed by the legislature.

Under the bill as passed those Pres- The Ohurch in the Solomons byterian congregations that do not corne into the United Church, while DR. NORTH COTE DECK, permitted to remain without, are not F.R.G.S., writes in the Christian allowed to retain the present title of Endeavor World: "One cannot but the Presbyterian Church of Canada. wish to share with others of the Lord's All three of the denominations affect- people this deepest joy of knowing ed officially go out of existence with that in increasing numbers His chil· the consummation of the proposed dren in the Solom<i,m Islands 'walk in union. It seems likely, however, that the truth,' For this rejoicing has a strong Presbyterian minority will, been given to our little company of under some other name, set up a new missionaries in a larger measure than denomination in the Dominion. perhaps ever before, and a large share of it is due to fervent prayers in the ISLANDS OF THE SEA home lands. The Lord has given us peace on every side with our neigh- Heroic Sisters on Kusaie bors; new tribes and new villages are continually being reached and won to THE island of Kusaie has been allegiance to Christ; the Lord is ' add- famous in the history of the Amer- iug to the church, day by day, those ican Board" for seventy-two years of being saved,' so that some' 7,000 naeffort to bring the South Sea Islands tives in 180 Christian villages are now to Christ." Since the World War it sincerely 'obedient to the faith.' Yet has been Japanese territory, but the more vital than any of these, more es- Board's mission continues, and the sential to the future, is the fact that two sisters. the Misses Baldwin, who the infant churches as a whole are are in charge are adding daily to the really prospering.' Some, it is true, modern annals of missionary heroism. are not growing in knowledge as we They coniluct a boarding school of should desire, because the only teachsixty-five boys 3nrl girls which is the ers we have been able to supply know highest school in Micronesia, a little so little them:selves. Yet most of the coral stone church and several chapels. converts are continuing 'steadfastly These two educated, cultured women in the apostles' doctrine,' and this have worked there fourteen years 'patient continuance in well doing' is since their last furlough, and have working out its own reward in a stanever taken a dollar of salary. They bility and a maturity that time alone have also met much of the expense of can give. Thus not only are we contheir work themselves. One !Sister tinually reaching out into the' regions built the cement reservoir and a ty- beyond'; but the heart of the mission, phoon house for the protection of the the older established churches, are school. They have translated and sound and zealous in the faith." printed Scriptures, hymns, and. school books with type enough to print only GENERAL one page at a time. New type has gone out which just missed destruction in World Sunday School Convention the Yokohama earthquake. They have never asked for an increased appro- THE Ninth World's Sunday School priation. When the paint was sent out Convention, held in Gla~gow, Scotto save their buildings, four fifths of land, June 18th-26th inclusive the white lead was lost or stolen on brought together 2,810 delegates fro~ the way, and the oil cans arrived fifty-two countries. Forty-two denomempty. When they ordered a ton of in~ti.ons ,;,ere represented, and ninety rice for their school girls, they paid mISSIOnanes were among the delegates, the biU, but the rice was either lost or It was a larger convention, in point oi stolen en route. They never complain. representation, than any of its prede- They only thank God for the privi- cessors, and notl>ble in the series for lege oi working in such a place. the character or its constructive plan-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ning. The convention theme, "Jesus Chinese Japanese Christ for .the· HeaJing g£ the Na- Philippines ,…….. 84,000 9,567 tions," was the dominant note of the West Indies …….. 94,000 program of eight days, and perhaps South America …… 75,000 36,349 the outstanding feature' of the great Malaysia , …. ,….. 5,649,000 15,774 gathering was its world vision in its Burma …………. 134,600 planning and legislation. Never be- Siberia ……. "…. 37,00,0 8,295 fore have so many countries sent their Australasia …… ,.. 107,000 3,742 official Sunday-school organization Pacific Islands …… 20,000 leaders to confer on problems of Chris- South Africa "….. 13,200 tian education; and never has there Europe .. ,………. 1,760 1,359 been such a note of deep-abounding China … ,………. 240,315 spirituality in world convention pro- 'These figures do not inclnde the Chinese ceedings. The report of the General living in Japan, Formosa, :Macao and Hong- Secretary, Dr. W. G. Landes, of New kong, or the Japanese living in Korea, For- York, entitled from "Tokio to Glas- mosa and the Pacific Islands controlled by gow," gave a picture of Sunday-school them. progress in every land. Thirty-one national units are now federated in Orientals living in America offer a the World Association; of these, ten great opportunity to American Chrisare now self-supporting. A pageant tians, says Dr. G. W. Hinman of San in which 50q Glasgow children took }<~rancisco, and may exert a great inpart showed the development in the fluence in the conversion of China to Christ. .

training of children from the time EngUsh.Speaking Catholics A of Abraham and Isaac, through apos- TOTAL membership of 14,827,312 for the Roman Catholic Church tolic days, the work of the early missionaries in Britain, the Covenanters, in the British Empire, and 28,028,782 the Lollards, and finally the Sunday- for the Uniixld States and American school worker of today. Among the possessions is claimed from figures significant resolutions passed by the compiled from the latest reference vol- convention were those on world broth- umes published by that church. "It erhood, world-wide prohibition, child is admitted," says The Christian Cen- welfare and the need for Sunday- tury, which quotes it, "that this total school leadership. is unsatisfactory, because differences The Oriental Disversion in gathering statistics in the various countries involved make the figures A s the British have exerted world- cover all the vears from 1911 to 1923. wide influence by their coloniza- And, save in" the sense that they are tion, commerce and world-wide travel, under British rule, many of these so the Orientals of eastern Asia are countries cannot be regarded as Engtoday becoming widely dispersed lish speaking. The distribution of throughout the Pacific and are des- Roman Catholic population is, howtined to influence the history of their ever, suggestive." At Aden, there own and other lands. Most of the were 818 in 1922. In the same year migration of Chinese, Japanese and 2,256,454 members of the Roman Cath- Koreans has been due to economic olic Church were reported from India. pressure at home. The following The total for British possessions in figures relating to Japanese and Africa is 703,557, and for British pos- Chinese in foreign lands are of in- sessions in America just above 4,000,- 000. In Australia the census of 1921 terest: '" Chvnese Japane8e gave 1,172,661 Catholics, not includ- United States 61,639 1U,010 ing native converts. Of these there Hawaii ………… . 27,000 114,283 were about 3,000. In New Zealand at Canada ……….. . 17,774 16,650 the same date there were 93,023, be- Mexico ………… . 8,000 2,198 sides about 5,000 Maori converts.

MISSIONARY

African Clearings. Jean Kenyon Macken- friend. He has a remarkably happy zie. 12mo. 270 pp. $2.50. Houghton, faculty for telling the story of life Mifflin Co. New York. 1924. among these primitive blacks and de- scribes vividly and with effectiveness No one has been able to picture many incidents connected with mis- West African experiences more vivid- sion work among them. Looking ly and attractively than Miss Macken- through cIr. Hensey's eyes, we see zie, for fourteen years a missionary of many fine characteristics of the Afthe Presbyterian Board in the Came- rican. while we realize his present roon country. By the charm of her handicaps and his future possibilities. writing, she helps the reader to live In sharing the author's experiences, over with her these African days and we understand what missionary work nights, with their joys and sorrows, involves-of pathos, of difficulty, of their work and play. She leads one cheer and of reward. to understand, to sympathize with and to have faith in the Africans' future, as few other authors have been able to Master Missionary Series. Jackson of do. She 'makes one wish to go to Moukden, by Mrs. Dongall Christie; Ion Africa and to help these people. Keith Falconer, by James Robson; Mack- The present volume begins with ay of Uganda, by Mary Yule. 8vo. $1.35 "Unforgotten Journeys," tells of each. George H. Doran Company. New York. 1924.

towns visited and people discovered, Six volumes have thus far been iEI- of hardships, and of luxuries that are sued in this excellent series of master such only by contrast (in America missionaries for those of high-school they would be considered hardships). and college age. The subjects are well Such a luxury was the chest of draw- selected and the books are interest- ers, painted to imitate mahogany- ingly written.

the only imported piece of furniture " ,Tackson of :Moukden" is by a mis- in the station. Its drawers bulged and sionary who has lived many years in stuck and it was ever full of cock- :lanchuria and who knew well the roaches but it was nevertheless a beloved and skillful doctor who died luxury! 'rhen there are chapters fighting the plague. The story will abont fashion in Africa, about letters appeal to the heroie spirit in young from home, and visits to stran!l,'B huts; people but the author has not taken about wives, mothers and children; of full advantage of the dramatie fea- preaching in pri~on and teaching of tures of Dr. J aekson 's career.

catechists. 'rhe human element is up- "Mackay of Uganda" is a well permost but the Christian missionary known character whose life has so spirit is clearly there. often been well told that there seems little need for retelling it. This biog- My Children of the Forest. Andrew F. raphy claims to be based largely on Hensey. 12mo. 221 pp. $2.00 net. new material-letters hitherto unpub- George H. Doran Co. New York. 1924. lished written by Mackay to Lieut.

At Bolenge. a mission among the Col. Robb between 1876 and 1887, but Bantus about 1.000 miles up the Con. .hey add little of importance to previ- go River, Mr. Hensey has been a mis· liUS biographies. It is a stirring story sionary of the United Christian Mis· for Mackay was a remarkable man sionary Society for some sixteen years Whom all must admire. He laid the and has become famous among the foundations for a Christian state in Africans as a Christian teacher and Uganda and his life c()nt/lin~ many in- 758 cidents that thrill young people. The characters and their rocky country, mixture of spiritual, missionary and without modern improvements, has the practical mechanic in his make-up made them rugged but has kept them is a wholesome combination for young from progress. This story of these people-especially for boys. interesting people, by a Berea College professor who has first-hand knowl- The life of "Ion Keith-Falconer," edge of them, is full of sympathy with the brilliant Scotch scholar, son of the them, appreciation of their virtues, Earl of Kintore, possessor of wealth their failings and many difficulties, and social advantages. champion bi- lind encouragement. for thc:ir future. eycle rider, lecturer on Hebrew at 'rhere are touches of humor and of Cambridge and writer of article on pathos, of human interest and of chalshorthand for the "Encyclopredia lengE'. Professor Raine appeals for a Britannica," has a thrill for any ear- way to be made so that these mounnest, red-blooded student. He gave taineers may more rapidly advance, up everything that most men count industrially, intell-ectually and spiritdear to found a mission in Southwest- ually. The volume is attractively ern Arabia. While he died of fever in printed and the story is worth reading. 1887, at the age of thirty-one, after only two years of actual service on the Baron Paul Nicolay. Greta Langenskjold. field, he left an influence and a work 1'ranslated by Ruth E. Wilder. 12mo. that still abides. We wish that more 251 pp. $1.60. George H. Doran. New material had been gathered from Keith York. 1924. Falconer's letters and addresses and that a chapter han been added on the In these days of Bolshevik misrule present missionary work and the fu- and atheistic activity, many are temptture occupation of Yemen. ed to ask "Can any good thing come out of Russia?" Read this life of The Story of John G. Paton. James Paton. Baron Nicolay and see. He was a Illns. 12mo. 256 pp. $1.50 net. -George Christian statesmen and leader in stu- If. Doran ('0. New York. 1924. dent work in Northern Europe for a quarter of a century. He was highly May 24, 1924 marked the one hun- .honored and greatly beloved by those dredth anniversary of the birth of who know him, and has left his im- ,John G. Paton, the famous apostle to press, as the impress of Christ, on the the savages of the New Hebrides. It students of Slavic Europe. The biogis a fitting time to bring out a new raphy, originally written in Swedish, abbrrviated edition of his thrilling is translated by Miss Ruth Wilder autobiography, edited for young peo- whose father, Robert P. Wilder, was ple. by his, brother James Paton. The illl intimate friend of the Baron. This book has already enlisted many young Rnssian was a true Christian noblep-eople in foreign service and has man and the story of his life will prove s'jrJ'ed up missionary fires in many oE speciaJ interest to students in AmerotherR, young and old. The book ica and England and to others intermigll1 be published more attractively estf'd in the spiritual welfare of young with better type and illustrations, hut men. How much better it is to read it will make an admirable gift book this life of achievement than to waste for the present generation as its pred- time on the fiction of the present day. ecessor has for the past. Baron Nicolay's life has a fine'spirit- llal message and shows how noble the The Land. of Saddle-Bags. James Watt Russians are when they become Chris- Raine. ]l1us. 8vo. 260 pp. $1.50. M;s- tians. sionary Education Movement. New York. 1924. A New Invasion of Belgium. Philip E. How:nt1. IIlug. 8vo. 208 pp. $2.00. No people in America are more llic- Sur day Sehool Times Co. Philadelphia. turesque than the mountaineers of the 1924. Appalachian Range. Their Scotch- Irish aucestry gives them conservative The Belgian Gospel Mission, founded and conducted by Mr. and Mr,. fore we can tackle a problem intel- Ralph C. Norton, has had a remark- ligently, we must know what it is. able history. It was begun during the 'fhis volume sets forth the idea of the war in response to a definite and cry- survey, its value and methods and ing need for evangelical Christian then gives sample pages and results work among the Belgian soldiers. obtained in the study of the rural re- Most of them were ignorant of the ligions problem. The author speaks Bible and of the salvation offered by from experience and gives practical Christ. Many eltgerly asked for the help to rural pastors. gospels in French and Flemish, read them, were converted and became The St. Louis Church Survey. Paul Dougevangelists to their fellows. Mr. How- las. Illustrations aud Charts. 8vo. 327 ard, who is well-known for his "Life pp. $4.00. George H. Doran Co. New of Henry Clay Trumbull" and other York. 1924. helpful writings. has inspected the work in Belgium and has a son active- The Institute of Social and Relily engaged in the mission. He tells gious Research has put forth this rethe story graphically, shows its rapid sult of the survey of a city of the development and its spiritual results. first-class, made in cooperation with 'Vhen the work started in London in the Church Federation of St. Louis. 1915, it had no assets except the Gos- In a later number of the REVIEW, we pel, the faith and experience of Mr. will make fuller mention of the findand Mrs. Norton, and the need of the ings. The value is clearly evident soldiers. It spread to the camps and though conditions change so rapidly trenches and now has in Belgium that it is soon out of date. This surtwenty-three mission centers, a score vey reveals the methods followed in of staff workers, an annual budget of ascertaining the facts; it shows where over $50,000 and a growing constitu- churches ara needed, where they overency of evangelical Christians. lap and where they should combine. 'l'he seventy-one tables give a mass of The Christian Reformed Church. Henry information as to the make-up of the Beets. 8'-0. 255 pp. Eastern Avenue population, churches, pastors, Sunday- Book Store. Grand Rapids, Michigan. schools, hospitals, etc. The social in- formation revealed by the survey is The value of a body is not indicated small but the findings are especially: by its size, else a desert mountain suggesti ve. would be of more worth than a diamond. The Christian Reformed Beginning Again at Ararat. Mabel E. El- Church in North America is a small liott, M.D. Illustrated. 12mo. 341 pp. body but it is vitally Christian. Its $2.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. ancestry goes back to Holland, the 1924. members of the American family belong largely to :Michigan and its ac- American relief in the Near East tivities reach out and take Christ to has been full of thrilling adventure Indians, Jews, sailors and immigrants, and of Christlike service. Dr. Elliott, Mormons, Latin Americans and Chi- an American physician, has not only nese. It is encouraging to know of been active in this work but has been this staunch member of the body of conspicuous in her bravery and effi- Christ and its principles and prac- ciency. Both Greek and Russiim Govtices. ernments have decorated her for her service as medical director of relief The Social Survey in Town and Country work. Here she gives the story of four Areas. H. M. :Worse. 8vo. 184 pp. with years' experience and her own esti- eharts and statistics. $2.50 net. George mate of the value of the work. It is H. Doran Co. 1924. a story vividly told of t~agedy and constant conflict, of har~hip and of Surveys are expensive but they have Good Samaritan benefactions – a become popular in recent years. Be- thrilling Odyssey of hUl)lan suffering

sympathetic service. Many little y NEW

life histories embodied in the volume bring us near to those who have fol- Afriel II Clearings. Jean Kenyon Mackenzie. lowed in the train of martyrs, living 27Q, pp. $2.50. Houghton, Miffiin Co. and dying. Bo~on and New York. 1924.

The Children of Papua. J. W. Burton. Negro from Africa to America. W. D. Pamphlet. Methodist Missionary Society Weatherford. 487 pp. $5.00. George H. of Australasia. Sydney, N. S. W. 1924. ,·Doran Co. New York. 1924. Papua, so little known in Americ-8. is the largest island in the world and Clash of Colour. Basil Matbews. 28. Unitthe most neglected mission field. Dr. ed Council for Missionary Education. Burton tells, for boys and girls, the London. 2924. story of the Papuans' need of the Gospel and what Australian ~Iethod­ Robert Morrison, a Master Builder. Marists are doing to meet that need. shall Broomball. 228 pp. $1.50. George Big Mark, One of China's Boys. Anna~. H. Doran. New York. 1924. Johannsen. l6mo. 102 pp. China Inland Mission. London. 1923. Timothy Richard of China. Wm. E. Soot- bill. 326 pp. 128, 6d. Seeley, Service This true story of a Chinese boy is Go. London. 1924. a beautiful and illuminating little piece of biography. It describes" Big Tarnai of Tonga (Biography of John Hart- Mark's" parents, his home, birth, boy- ley Roberts). C. S. Roberts. 178 pp. hood, education and rise to young 48. Methodist Book Depot. Sydney. manhood. He became a Christian and sought to lead others to Christ. It is Shinto and Its Modern Developments. worth reading. Egerton Ryerson. 60 pp. 6d. Missionary Equipment and Literature Supply, Ltd. The Testament for Fishers of :Men. Wade London. 1924. C. Smith. 50" to $1.50. 24mo. Leather. Onward PrEss. Richmond, Va. 1924. Children of Papua. J. W. Burton. 68 pp. Methodist Missionary Society of Auatral- There is no better point of contact asia, 139 Castlcroagb St. Sydney. 1924. in doing personal work than a pocket- 1'estament. This has been proved by China's Challenge to Christianity. Lucius long experience. The" Onward C. Porter. 225 pp. 50c and 75e. Mis· Press" is putting out this little sionary Education Movement. New York. "Scripture Gift Mission" Testament with many valuable helps for soul Hymns of the Tamil Saivite Saints. Herit· winning, and with outline studies and suggestions for devotional study. It age of India Series. Kingsbury and Phil· is a very attractive pocket volume that any Christian will find helpful. lips. 132 pp. 3s, 6d. Association Press. Calcutta. The Bible and Spiritual Life. Arthur T. Pierson. 8vo. 483 pp. $2.00. The Biola Fare, Please: New Americans. A Play. Book R.oom. Los Angeles, California. 1923. Margaret T. Applegarth. 129 pp. 10c. George H. Doran. New York. 1924. One cannot fail to gain from these practical stUdies, not only a clearer Religious Education Survey Schedules. knowledge of the teachings of the Volume III: Indiana Snrvey of Religious Bible but very helpful conceptions of Education. Walter S. Athern. 271 pp. the solution of such problems as are $5.00. George H. Doran Co. New York. presented by the Pamily, the World, the Church, the Individual, the Un- Theological Education in America. Robert seen World of Spirits, Faith, Salva- L. Kelly. 456 pp. $5.00. George H. tion, Prayer, Service, Suffering and Doran. Xew York. 1924. Providence. Missionaries on the frontier especially will welcome these What to Teach and How to Reach the studi€s, rich in experience and in spir- Young. George Goodman. 240 pp. 3s itual insight. net. Pickering and Inglis. Glacgow.

The Girl Who Fell Through the Earth: A Chinese Play. Margaret T. Applegarth. 96 pp. 15e. George H. Doran. New York. 1924.

The Way of Wonders-A Missionary Pag- eant. M. H. Debenham. 20 pp. 6d. Missionary Eqnipment and Literature Supply, Ltd. London. 1924.

One Generation to Another. Harris Elliott Kirk. 225 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. New York. 1924.

Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby- terian Church in the United States of America-Eighty-seventh Annual Report. Presbyterian Bnilding. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 1924.

Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions–Seventeenth Annual Report. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. 1924.

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Write for Booklet 52 AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY BIBLE HOUSE ASTOR PLACE NEW YORK Please mention THIt M:lSSIOKAB.Y Rltvl",W O. 'lB. WOI.I.D in writina to ad",ertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edil8r CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER, 1922 Page FRONTISPIECE .•…………… A VIEW OF THE CITY OF SMYRNA, ASIA MINOR EDITORIALS …………………………………………………….. 853 A1>[ERICA AND THE TURKS CONFERENCE Ol!' EUROPEAN' PROT· PROGRESS OF INDIAN CHRISTIANITY ESTA.,{TS ONE SOCIETY'S DOCTRINAL DECLARATION THE REPORTS OF RELIGIOUS DELE· GATIONS HOLY PLACES-MOSLEM AND CHRISTIAN ………. By S. RALPH HARLOW 863 A stirring article on the relations of Christians and Moslem~ in the Near East with special reference to the tragedy of Smyrna and the fate of sacred shrines.

INTERVIEWS WITH MOHAMMEDAN CONVERTS ……. By ROBER.T E. SPEER 867 A convincing evidence of the power of Christ to 'conque,' Islam, as revealed i1l the living fruits of Christian missions in Persia.

JOHN F. GOUCHER-MISSIONARY EDUCATOR ……. BY CHARLES H. FAHS 877 The stpry of the contribution to Christian missionary progress made by the founder of Goucher College, Baltimore.

A YAM GARDEN-A PARABLE …………………… BY NORTHCOTE DECK 881 Lessons from the South Seas and the cultivation of the prayer habit to pro· duce large results.

THE AWAKENING OF THE WOMEN OF CHILE …… By FLORENCE E. SMITH 883 The elear evidenees of the influence of evangelical ChriGtianity on South Amer- ican women in their personal and public lives.

THE GREAT NEED OF AMERICAN INDIANS .. ___ … By ROBERT W. SEARLE 888 An appeal for Christian education for American Indians to develop leaders who will be able to reach _their own unevangelized people. .

WEEK-DAY RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION ..•…………. By F. M. McKIBBEN 889 . An acoount of how Christian teaching has been s~!cce8sfully introduced into day schoo! work in Evanston, Illinois.

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EVIEW1fe VOL. NOVEMBER, 1922 NUMBER LXV ELEVEN AMERICA AND THE '['URKS .nA.MERICA must bear her share of responsibility for the de- struction of life and property and for the sufferings of half a million or more people in the sacking of Smyrna by Turkish Nationalists. There is reason to believe that if the American Government had exerted its utmost influence to prevent the catastrophe by announcing a clear cut and decisive policy for the protection of Christian peoples in Asia Minor, and for the maintenance of peace and righteous government in the Near East,-a policy that America would be ready to help enforce-there would have been no such outrages as have been reported from Smyrna. Americans are doing much to feed and clothe the destitute after they have been barbarously treated by their enemies but they have not done what they might have done to prevent the repeated abuse, or to insure peace to Christian peoples in the Near East.

The Turks,- who were soundly and deservedly whipped in the World War, and were temporarily deprived of their power to abuse the non-Moslems of Palestine, Syria, Armenia and Thrace, have now (with the help of Russia and France) returned to menace the minorities in the lands they misgovern, and to disturb the peace of Europe and the progres… of the world.

The "Sick Man," who seemed well nigh out of the battle, has come back to life and strength and has not only burned the Christian quarter of Smyrna, killed thousands of Armenians and Greek noncombatants, and driven some 500,000 refugees from their homes, but has dictated to the European Governments on what ground he will stop his depredations. Mustapha Kemal Pasha, commander of the Nationalist forces, demands the return of Constantinople as the Turkish capital, and possession of eastern Thrace. It is too early to predict what will be the final outcome of the conference that has been arranged between the Turk and the Allies but America cannot rightly or safely shirk responsibility for a voice' in the decision, 853

because of her desire to avoid entanglement in the problems of the Near East.

In the Smyrna holocaust, the American Collegiate Institute for Girls was destroyed but not the International College for Boys," which was at Paradise, outside the city. The Institute has purchased a site on Smyrna Bay outside the city and expected to begin building this autumn. The Settlement House of the International College was looted and in an effort to protect it Dr.. Alexander MacLachlan, the honored American President of the College, was attacked and· badly beaten. The buildings formerly occupied by the College and used as an Armenian orphanage, as well as the Protestant Church, .the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A. and some missionary residences, were also destroyed. The total property loss of the American schools and missions in Smyrna will be between one and two hundred thousand dollars. Many acts of heroism are reported as being performed by American missionaries, Young Women's and Young Men's Christian Association workers and representatives of the Red Cross and Near East Relief, all of whom did all in their power to save the lives and honor of the people under their protection. Up to October tenth about 300,000 refugees have been evacuated from Smyrna.

A former missionary in Turkey, thoroughly familiar with the Turk and the whole situation, missionary and political, writes as follows: Of the students in the College and Institute we have very little information but we are led to believe that a large number of the girls were among the refugees who found their way to Greece. Some fifty of the boarding students of the college were, up until about. the first of October, still in the college buildings at Paradise.

.As for the outlook, one hardly dares to venture a prediction in view of the total failure of all predictions that have recently been made. The one outstanding fact is that the Turkish government has come out victorious. The crimes of the war have apparently been condoned. The outlawed government has been received as an equal by the Allies, and at least two members of the great triple entente are seeking the favor of this same government. The British are hated by the Turks and have, until recently, maintained a stern attitude towards this Nationalist government. It seems that the problem of Turkey has only just begun, because we see an advancing power threatening and reducing to submission the governments of Europe. This power is built up on a basis of perfidy and crime and seems to have behind it unknown forces feared alike by all Europe. The peace treaty is yet before us. The Turks, having been so far successful in gaining all that they had set out to obtain, will probably reach out for more. Territorially, this may threaten Syria and Mesopotamia, as well as Macedonia. Politically, it may involve the affiliation, with Turkey, of Egypt, Persia, and Soviet Russia, as well as the Caucasus states and other lesser powers of western Asia. Diplomatically, it modifies the whole attitude of Europe, not only towards the Near Eastern question, but towards the Russian problem.

It seems that the great step for America to take is to go in with eyes -In our October number the names of these In~titutions were confused and the name of Dr. MacLachlan was lD!sspelled.-EPlTOR.

1922J EDITORIAL COMMENT

wide open to this peace conference to which we have been officially invited. What the result of such a step might be we cannot foresee. The result of refusing to participate in such a conference is more easy to picture. It will mean that our own particular interests in the Turkish Empire will not have the direct defence which an official representative could give. Our investments in Turkey during the last one hundred years have amounted altogether to something in the neighborhood of a hundred million dollars. But the greater loss from our failure" to attend this conferenc.e would be in the resulting weakness in the policy of the allies. The Turks will "surely divide them again and without the moral force of the American conscience the defence of Europe is likely to be weak. Furthermore the Turks will attribute to fear a failure to participate in this conference by the United States.

Regarding Christian missionary work, the backward look is discouraging indeed. Very few missionaries are now inside of the territory controlled by the present Nationalist government who are able to carryon any direct missionary work. Some have. gained access to the country as relief workers but about fifty American missionaries have been deported since the beginning of the war. The native constituency has been almost wiped out and the ruins of churches and schools everywhere mark the hundred years of progress which had been attained.

The forward look, however, is along an entirely different line. Work for the Christian minorities seems to be at an end. They may not return to Turkey and we may not be able in any large way to follow them in their places of exile. We are carrying on work among the deportees in the Caucasus and Syria and in Constantinople, but this will be secondary. Our primary object must be, in the future, the winning of the Turks. In some ways this will be easier without the suspicion that missionaries are trying to strengthen the political ambitions of a subject population. In most ways, however, the task will be even harder than berore, but there is no thought of withdrawing from ~his task. It is our great duty and opportunity and misionaries are eager to try out new methods and to persevere in maintaining old friendhips. Those who cry out for the extermination of the Turk have no sympathy with this ideal but we who are interested in leading the Turks to Christ feel a solemn responsibility for this work at the very center of the new Mohammedan movement. I believe it will ultimately be possible for us to accomplish much, even in Turkey, by quiet perseverance in the spirit of frankness and good will. The present government seems to be aiming to blot out our missionary work altogether but this is not true of the people, many of whom earnestly desire the return of the missionaries and their institutions.

"What shall Christians in America do 1 First-Let our voice be heard as clearly and impressively as possible to the effect that America must exert every influence pos- sible to prevent the Turk from a further abuse of power and the ill-treatment of non-M;oslem peoples.

Second-Let our money be given freely to the Near East Relief to undo as much as possible of the evil already done by America's failure to prevent these outrages. At least five hundred thousand women and children need to be housed, clothed and fed. Only Americans are in a position to help them. If we do not do it their blood will be on our head. "Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of the least of these, my brethren," says Christ, "ye did it unto Me."

PROGRESS OF' INDIAN CHRISTIANJTY STEADY Christian progress is indicated by the figures of the Indian Census of March 18, 1921, which have just been published. On the above date there were reported 318,942,480 people in India (not including Ceylon). The increase on 1911 is 3,786,084 or .2 per cent.

Classified according to religion the Census returns show that both Hinduism and Jainism have lost ground during the past decade; Buddhism and Mohammedanism have both advanced, the former by 8 per cent, the latter by a little more than 3 per cent. The figures for Christianity show that while India's population has increased by only 1.2 per cent, the Christian population has increased by 22.64 per cent Such a high percentage of increase, despite the decimation by influenza in 1918 and the grave disadvantages arising from non-Christian enumerators cannot fail to yield encouragement to the Church of Christ throughout the world. Indian Christianity is advancing several times ,as fast as the population, and several times as fast as India's other religions.

The tremendous clash of religions in India is made clear by the following table which shows the position of the various religions in point of numbers in 1911 and 1921. (We have not yet seen the separate figures for Roman Catholics and Protestants for all India.) Religions 1.921 1911 Increase Of: De(!rease Hindus …………. 216,734,586 217,586,892 1,248,182 4 per cent Jains ……………. 1,178,596 10,721,453 5.6 " " Buddhists ………… 11,571,268 66,647,299 8 "" 3,876,203 3.1 " " Mohammedans …….. 68,735,233 22.6 " " 100,096 1.7 " " Christians ……….. 4,754,079 20,980 5 "" Parsis ………….. 101,778 5" 10,295,168 54 " " Jews ….. – ……….. 21,778 37,101 Animists ••• 0 ••••••• • 9,774,611 Minor religions etc. … 17,989 The section on Christianity from the Report for Bombay Presidency shows that although there has been an actual decrease of 1.8 per cent in the population of Bombay Presidency (26,750,927) yet the number of those returned as Christians has increased by 13 ner cent. Such figures are encouraging, particularly when it is remembered that there are wide tracts of country'where ;there is not a single Indian Christian, with no Christian work of any kind being done. Moreover, as an Indian Census authority has admitted, "there is reason to think that there is always an understatement of Christian figures through Hindu enumerators refusing to accept the religious return of converts. "

Missionaries and Christian leaders will find much food for thought in the Report. Nat only is there the responsibility for the

EDITOP..IAL COMMENT

large unevangelized tracts of India, where there is even yet only one Christian in every hundred people, but there are the grave defects in the Christianity already established. No true missionary or Indian Christian leader will seek to minimize the gravity of what is said' concerning whatever caste distinctions still remain in the Indian Christian community. Sadhu Sundar Singh has declared that castespirit should be regarded as a form of elephantiasis! in the Indian Church's feet. Nor will any real friend of Christ question the statement that Christianity in far too many cases is a matter of mere "exterior," and" scarcely more than a thin veneer." "Probably the most important lesson of the whole Census is that it drives home the importance of consolidating already existing gains and ensuring a better quality of Christianity," says the Bombay Dnyanodaya, from which these figures are taken.

How vast the task of the Indian Christian Church is illustrated by a table showing the religious composition of the population of Bombay Presidency. The proportions held by the various religions in every 10,000 of the population in the Presidency are indicated by the following statistics for the past three decades, covering four Census enumerations. These show only 104 returned as Christian in every 10,000 of the people. But if these 104 will only live and act like Jesus Christ the next ten years! This is what we mean by a better quality of Christianity. The proportions are as follows: Religions per 10,000 of W. InlIia Population 1921 1911 1901 1891 Hindu ……………… 7,947 7,863 7,858 8,061 Mohammedan ………… 1,729 1,629 Jain ……………….. 1,810' 1,807 Christian ……………. 180 206 Parsi ………….. . . . . . . 104 181 211 63 28 32 91 86 31 31 The Oensus is confessedly inaccurate and incomplete, especially with reference to Christians. Almost its sole value is that it affords a basis for comparing the Census totals with the totals known to the various Missions, most of which report higher figures than do the Census Tables. This means that the Christian totals are probably substantially higher than the Census figures show: the Protestant figures certainly are. We therefore agree with the conclusion of the Census Report which observes that the proper agency for a census of Christian sects would be some central missionary conference.

ONE SOCIETY'S DOCTRINAl; DECLARATION I N these days when there is so much unfortunate. controversy in the Christian Church on doctrinal questions, it is encouraging to note the clear and emphatic stand taken by the Church Missionary Society of England in the meeting of their Gene:ral Committee on

the 12th of last July. Missionary Boards and Societies in Europe and America are made up of able and intelligent Christian men and women who are endeavoring to discharge their stewardship conscientiously, and to send out only such men and women as will be true witnesses to Christ and His Gosllel and who will lay solid foundations for His Church in other lands. At times, however, they are confronted by difficulties because of the type of candidates presenting themselves and by reason of the changes that sometimes occur in missionaries after they have reached the field. For these and other reasons, the Church Missionary Society adopted the following resolutions: In accordance with the tradition of the Church Missionary Society which, while faithful to the Protestant and evangelical principles and teaching of its founders, has always rested content with formularies of the Church as its standard of doctriue, the Committee, for the allaying of widespread unrest as regards the faithfulness of the Society to fundamental doctrine, places on record its unwavering acceptance of the Nicene Creed and of the teaching of the XXXIX Articles, especially in their reference to Holy Scripture; and it assures the supporters of the Society everywhere of its determination to appoint only those men and women who can sub.scribe to the aforesaid fOl'!Illularies and hold with conviction the evangelical interpretation of them to serve on the staff of the Society either at home or abroad.

Further, the Committee, realizing once again with gratitude to Almil!hty God its sense of fellowship through Him Who is the Spirit of unity, in loyalty to our Lord Jesus Christ the divine Saviour, the Way, the Truth, and the Life, and in faith in Him as the One and only sufficient sacrifice for the sins of the whole world,· and also in humble reliance upon the supreme authority of Holy Scripture and its trlliltworthiness in all matters of faith and doctrine as God's Word written, calls all friends of the Society to an immediate forward movement, both in missionnry effort overseas and spiritual enterprise at home, through the agency of converted and spiritually-minded men and women whom God has called to the work.

And in view of the fact that within the above-named limitations there are certain legitimate differences of opinion amongst us, we hereby resolve that a special sub-committee shall be appointed to secure harmonious cooperation by adequate representation of all such differences of opinion, both in administration at home and in service abroad.

Dr. Beardsley, the Honorary Secretary of the Society, says: "The resolution declares in the most explicit and unreserved terms the unchanged evangelical character of the Society. Let there be no doubt about this. If the Society is to fulfil its vocation abroad and at home, it is essential for this to be recognized and maintained. The resolution is not a compromise, but through its terIns all who come within its limits can give fully a.nd freely their contribution to our common life and work. … The resolution once more afflrms the Society's compl.ete loyalty to the Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the Gospel of justification 'freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.' The resolution also affirms the basic principle of the Society~'spiritual men for spiritual work ….

EDITORIAL COMMENT

through the agency of converted and spiritually-minded men and women whom God has called to the work.' Teaching with regard to the Bible has the foremost place in the training of our missionaries. Upon the fact of the inspiration of the Scriptures, their authority, and the vital necessity of studying them, the Society has always laid great emphasis, and has never failed to demand that here there should be no uncertainty. . .. Weare absolutely agreed that Bible study must always have the foremost place in the whole work of training our missionaries, and that their future spiritual life, their power of witness to the Fatherhood of God and to the incarnate, crucified) and living Christ, their constant freshness of zeal, their inspiration to serve in the Spirit of Christ, depend upon their finding in God's Word the revelation of Himself and a spring of living water."

It would quiet the misgivings of some of the supporters of missionary work and would be of great advantage to the cause of Christ both at home and abroad if all of the Missionary Boards would once again clearly announce to their constituency at home and to their representatives in the field the foundations of faith and practice on which their work rests. If any missionaries are not in sympathy with the standards of their Church, they should not draw their support from that Church or act as its representatives. Unity is essential to strength. Those who are truly united to Christ and are faithfully proclaiming His teachings cannot afford to be divided and suspicious of one another. Loyalty to Jesus Christ and His teachings is the prime requisite for a successful missionary campaign.

CONFERENCE OF EUROPEAN PROTESTANTS T HREE international groups of Protestant Christians met in Copenhagen, Denmark, in conference last summer. At one of these, representatives of European Protestants formed a Bureau for Cooperation in the Relief of European Churches, with Dr. Adolf Keller, former president of the Federal Council of the Swiss Evangelical Churches, as Secretary. An Executive Committee was created, including members from the Churches of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland and Switzerland, with cooperating members from England, Scotland and the American Churches now working in Europe.

The Conference, which met at Bethesda, Copenhagen, August 10th to 12th, was an event that promised to have a lasting significance in the history both of European Protestantism and of the relations between the European and American Churches. There were present representatives of the Protestant Churches of Europe and of America. The common purpose before all the members of the Conference led them to a spirit of unity and a cooperative undertaking that coulil not have been attained by a proclamation of general principles of

ecclesiastical unity. A consciousness of a great common evangelical cause swept over the manifold barriers which separate the members of the Protestant family and showed the way for cooperative action that has not hitherto been possible.

"Unless all signs fail," says Dr. Keller, "we are on the way toward a federation of European Protestantism. It is not too much to say that for the first time in modern history a working Protestant unit of Europe, transcending national lines, became visible to the world.

'~Again and again in the reports of the churches of various countries the delegates expressed their gratitude both for the practical assistance already received from various denominations in America and for the stimulus of the cooperative movement in American Protestantism.

"In regard to relief for the European Churches two facts became obvious. The first is that the personal sympathy underlying the denominational parentage between certain helping churches and the needy churches of the same type in Europe was, and is, the strongest stimulus.

"A sec,ond fact was made quite as clear, namely, the necessity of coordinated Protestant action in relief. Protestantism as a whole is at stake in Europe at the present moment-not simply this or that single church or institution. The need of many undenominational or interdenominational institutions and the necessity for a vigorous program of evangelism in certain European countries calls for a unified Protestant effort. This can come only out of the awakening of a sense of underlying unity among the evangelical forces and of a common responsibility. This Conference awakened this feeling. If it leads to increasing cooperative action it will mark one of the most important developments in modern Protestantism-the first practical step toward a federation, or at least some provision for continuous cooperation between the Protestant forces in Europe and America."

Seventy-five official representatives from thirty-seven churches of twenty nations of continental Europe were in attendance at the Conference. Among the countries represented were France, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Holland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Denmark, Belgium and the Balkan States. Representatives of the American Churches and the Churches of Great Britain also attended as specially invited members.

The Conference had its origin in a meeting held on November 3d of last year, under the auspices of the Federal Council. to consider the responsibility of the American churches to their sister churches in Europe. The official invitation to the Conference was issued by the Swiss Federation of Churches, in association with the churches of Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Holland. The reports presented from the continental churches indicated the

danger of a great weakening of European Protestantism, through the present economic difficulties, unless help is given quickly by the American churches and by the churches of Great Britain and of Northern Europe.

THE REPORTS OF RELIGIOUS DELEGATIONS T RAVELERS returning from the continent of Europe tell of widespread religious indifference in France, agnosticism in Germany, antagonism in Russia, but of revivals in Czecho- Slovakia and Poland. Dr. Frederick E. Taylor, President of the Northern Baptist Convention, and Dr. W. S. Abernethy of Washington, D. C., who have recently returned from a tour through Czecho- Slovakia, tell of immense audiences, in halls packed to capacity. to hear their Christian message from America. In Warsaw. the capital of Poland, one of the largest halls was crowded and included important officials of the government. In Czecho-Slovakia, says Dr. Taylor: "The schoolhouse was packed to suiIocation and we had a good meeting. In the afternoon sixty-one professed conversion and requested baptism. We saw the foundation for the new church building, which will be ready for occupancy in a few months…… Last night at Jedlind, two hours from a railroad station, in the heart of the mountains, we had a great meeting and at l€ast seventy-five came forward to confess Christ. At 8t. Mikirlos we had two largely attended meetings and the hall was crowded to the limit and people were standing far out on the outer steps. Many came forward asking for prayers at the close of the service. We had a great meeting in the opera house at Mukocin. Every inch of space was occupied. Breathl€ss interest for two hours. The interpreter we engaged failed to arrive, and we were interpreted by a Jew physician. He got more gospel through his system than he had ever heard before."

The evangelical preachers have been encouraged, the churches have been quickened, thousands have listened to the Christian me,;sages and hundreds have confessed Christ. Thus Christian preachers from America have brought cheer and courage to the hearts of Christians in Europe. Ties of fellowship and association have been formed and the people of those lands have been helped, not only in their fight for religious liberty and for popular recognition, but they have been aided also in reaping a harvest from the seed which these faithful missionary pastors in Europe have been sowing in recent years in the midst of trials and persecutions.

The Rev. G. A. Frank Knight, of Glasgow, writes of the Czecho- Slovakia re.vival: "What strikes one all over the land is the Christlike spirit and the unselfish mutual love shown by the new converts. The Gospel has seemingly abolished all class distinction, and united all ranks of society in a true brotherhood. University professors sing off the same hymn book with humble peasants; mayors and county clerks spell out Sankey's hymns alongside ploughmen; and leading manufacturers, lawyers, and ex-ministers of State sit on the same benches with boys and girls, while with all their hearts they sing such hymns

as 'Come to the Saviour,' 'More love to Thee, 0 Christ,' 'My faith looks up to Thee,' and especially 'Nearer, my God, to Thee.'

When we note their mutual sympathy and love for one another, and their freedom from jealousy and other ugly features which are apt to spoil congregational life, we are reminded of the early Church: 'The multitude of them that believed were of one heart and of one sonl.'

In the railway trains religion frequently forms the subject of talk amongst the people, for this is a deep spiritual movement which has penetrated the nation. The Czechs are searching for God, and in thousands of cases are finding Him and rejoicing in Him.

" At Sobeslav, where there had been bitter opposition, I found a congregation of 1,200, but not nearly all that number could find en- trance into the restaurant-theatre where the service was held. There were 330 communicants, many of whom for the first time in their lives partook of the cup at the Lord's Table.

"Hvozdnice is a large village in the uplands above the river Moldau, where till last year there was not one Protestant. The school- master found Christ and became an ardent Christian. He gave six lectures in the schoolhouse on the history of Bohemia and on tIle struggles and contendings for truth of their forefathers. As a result 1,700 persons in the village and neighborhood left the Roman Catholic Church, recording as they did so, 'We leave the Roman Catholic Church, not because we wish to leave religion, but to find Christ.' A marvelous change has taken place in the village: drunkards have been reformed, happiness, concord, quiet, and love reign. The Rom~m Catholic priest announced that, unless the villagers returned to his fold, no Protestants would be buried in the village cemetery except in the place allotted to suicides and criminals. The villagers have clubbed together, bought a hill-side, felled trees, laid out a large, handsome new cemetery, erected within it a noble monument to their dead who died in the war, and have built a strong stone wall.

Till last year there was not a Bible to be found in the whole parish; the priests forbade it. Today practically every house possesses a copy, and the Word is read and prized." .

In Prague, within the last few months, a "Regeneration Move- ment" has spread among the Czech students of the University and has received hearty support from a number of influential leaders, and as there are upwards of 25,000 students at the University" embracing thousands of Russian refugees and Serbians, the movement is one of the most hopeful features for the future.

The war has resulted in the freeing of many from a yoke of'

political bondage, and in bringing them into a state wherein millions are stretching out their hands to the light of Christ. Those who died to set these people free did not die in vain, for their sacrifice has helped to bring many in Europe into the glorious liberty of the chil- dren of God.

GIRLS IN SMYRNA-BEFORE THE TURKISH

These girls are among the innocent v ictims ot Turkish cruelty In the recent sacking of Sm7rna Holy Places-Moslem and Christian '

Moslem Demands and the Responsibility for Disturbances in the Near East .

BY REV. S. RALPH HARLOW, SMYRNA, ASIA MINOR Professor of Sociology, International College, Smyrna N OT since the capture of Jerusalem by General Allenby has the Christian world been so deeply moved as during these past few weeks by events in the Near East. Then there was general rejoicing through all Christendom at the return of the Holy City to Christian hands after centuries of Moslem misrule. Now we are staggered at the appalling catastrophe, the magnitude of the cruelty and atrocities which have fallen upon the helpless Christians in the city where St. Polycarp laid down his life, and which for two thousand years has held its light aloft even amid persecutions and oppression.

There is one phase of this tragedy which comes home to me with peculiar emotion because of the days I have spent in Smyrna. We have all listened with respect to those continuous and insistent warnings which are sent forth so often from British pens as to the susceptibility of the Moslem world to any injustice upon his fellow Moslem, 863

and more especially any indignity visited upon Moslem holy places. Adrianople must be returned to the Turk because there are some "sacred tombs" there. St. Sophia must remain in Moslem hands although the crosses can still be seen on its walls, and the beautiful mosaics of Christian saints made centuries ago are again shining through where the Turkish whitewash is peeling off.

It is right that Christians should heed this plea that places held in esteem by Mohammedans should be treated with respect. But there is another phase of this subject of which one seldom hears, and on behalf of which few voices are raised. I refer to the treatment of the Christian holy places by Moslems. No insult is too A GROUP OF STUDENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE, SMYRNA These students Include some of the Chrlstfan victims of the recent Turkish outrages depraved, no degradation too beastly, to be visited upon Christian churches and Christian tombs by Moslem hands.

When the Moslems burst into Asia Minor five hundred years ago, great cathedrals and universities raised their towers all over Asia Minor. Today they are in ruins and you can see the blackened walls where the flame aud the smoke consumed them when they fell into Moslem hands. Recently I visited at Ephesus the remains of the great Cathedral of St. John the Divine, a cathedral larger than that of St. Sophia, and the traditional site of the grave of the beloved Disciple. It was burned and literally hacked to pieces by the brutal acts of the Moslem host; its crosses were defiled; the grave of St. John was torn open and its contents given to the mob; its treasures were looted; its mosaics were smeared with filth. In the ruins of

HOLY PLACES- MOSLEM AND CHRISTIAN

the great cathedral at ancient Philadelphia, I found a donkey stable.

'l'he Bishop of Philadelphia, a dear friend of mine and recently massacred by a Turkish mob, told me of the futile efforts of the Christians to get hold of this old and treasured ruin. To inflict upon the Greek Christians more excruciating pain, to offend their religious feelings to the quick, the old cathedral ruins have been given to the most fanatical Turk in the town, a keeper of donkeys. The dung is piled high where the altar once stood; mud and filth cover the old mosaic floors; on the black- ened walls I could still trace here and there, the faint outlines of th e old Christian saints whose ' por- traits once looked down on Chris- tian services. There by the altar I cleared away the filth and was able to trace on the marble cornerstone the old Greek words, "This is My Body broken for you. " Such is the utter disregard of the Turk for things most sacred to the Christian.

It is not, however, of five hun- dred years ago that I would remiml my Christian readers. It is of ye ~­ terday. During the past few month .'; I have visited many towns occupied by Turkish troops. Not a single Christian church had been left A HIDEOUS SAMPLE OF TURKISH BARstanding. Not only have been de- BARITY stroyed by fire and s,vord, but every possible indignity has been °ty H~~~~h t;~r~i~~e~~~gief:,ieS!;heto~~:~B to then wer'tab~~~w;~~e':;k;.~ common heaped upon them. I have seen the face of Christ with the eyes torn out, and the picture smeared over with :filth. Horses had been stabled in some of these churches. Every- thing beautiful in them had been hacked to pieces, the crosses espe- cially calling forth the rage of Moslem soldiers. Graves were not sacred to these Moslem mobs. In one village where a beautiful church had been held particularly sacred to the Christians and where their dead were buried, especially their priests, not a grave had been left untouched. The bodies had been dragged out. Every possible mark of beastly defilement had been visited upon the dead.

But it il:! not of buildings that I am thinking chiefly today. I am thinkin~ of the living. How is it that Christian civilization can stand by while hundreds of thousands of our fellow Christians are done to death with every cruelty that the minds of fiendish men can invent; with every atrocity and outrage of which men, s~emingly 2

incapable of human feelings, can perpetrate ~ If these were Moslem women and children on the quay at Smyrna and there were any great and strong Moslem nation, a protest which would make the heavens ring would echo around the world.

What protest loud and ·strong has been raised in these days by any Christian nation¥ The Vatican has asked France and Italy, those two powerful Roman Catholic countries which have betrayed their fellow Ohristians in the Near East, for dollars and commerce, "to try to save the Catholic clergy." ji'rance has made apologies, and has even defended the Moslem action. She needs to. It has been largely with French guns and French munitions that the mnr- ders at Smyrna have been accomplished.

But where has been the voice of Great Britain? It is true, "the Straits must be kept open," trade might suffer. And America has announced that she believes that the Straits ought to be kept free for commerce, and she has expressed her sympathy for the suffering. American people have given for the relief, but not one strong word of protest, not one word of warning, has gone forth from the American government to the government which has perpe- trated the most terrible atrocity that Ohristian civilization has been called upon to look upon in our generation.

This is not a plea for unholy wrath or revenge, but is a solemn challenge to Christians as to whether or not the Household of Faith has any meaning for us today, and whether when we sing "Elect of every nation, yet one 0 'er all the earth," we really mean it.

THE CAMPUS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE AT SMYRNA, ASIA MINOR Gymnasium McLachlan Hall AuditoriUm

with Mohammedan

Some Living Results of Christian Missions in Persia by Robert E. Speer, New York KAKA was a grizzled old Kurd living in. the city of Ramadan. Everyone knew that he had been a fierce Mohammedan and that he came of a long line of Mohammedan ecclesiastics. Everybody knows, too, that now he is a Christian, going to and fro in Ramadan and the villages round about and openly preaching Christ with no one able to gainsay his word.

One evening we asked him for his story and this is what he told us: "Mirza Saeed and I were brothers. [Mirza Saeed is now one of the leading doctors of Teheran.] For seven generations our fa- thers had been mollahs. Our neighbors were Christians. Being Sunnis, we sometimes ate with them, but we never talked on religion. ·Forty-four years ago a Nestorian evangelist named Kasha Yohanan was sent from Urumia to Kurdistan in search of a teacher of Kurdish, and he came to our city of Senneh. An Armenian Christian pointed out Mirza Saeed to him as such a teacher as he was seeking. Saeed was only a boy then, but very capable. Re came to me as his older brother, as our father had died, to ask permission to give Kurdish lessons to Yohanan. I consented. For six months my brother taught Yohanan, and then one day he told me that some Jews were coming to Yohanan to discuss the Scriptures. I said that this was nothing at all for us to consider, but I did not know that Yohanan had given Saeed the Bible and other books to read and that he stored these in his mind. Before long he began to absent himself from Moslem prayers.

"One day a blind mollah came to me for help. He knew the Koran by heart and was memorizing a book on the birth and life of Mohammed. I was greatly pleased to help him. As the blind mollah was reciting this book, Saeed, who was listening, said that if these things were true, the Prophet should have foretold them. I reached for my rifle to shoot Saeed for reviling the Prophet, but the blind mollah seized the rifle. I certainly meant to kill Saeed, for I was one of those who are devoted to the Prophet, even the Prophet who came with a sword. The blind mollah took Saeed away and warned him to be more careful, bidding him to reflect what, if his own brother had tried to shoot him, another might have done.

"I soon noticed that Saeed was sad and troubled, and I asked him to tell me, as his brother, the cause of his sorrow, but he would say nothing. One night later he said that he would write it out for 867

me, but when he had written the paper he hesitated to give it to me. A week later at midnight he brought it, saying, " 'Whatever you intend to do, do. It is two years now since I have left Islam and accepted Christianity on the basis of what I have read in the Koran and the Bible.'

"It was wintertime and snowing, but I said to him, 'Saeed, there is nothing I can do but turn you out as an apostate.' So I opened the door and he went out into the night. I think he sat in a shop window until morning, and the rest of the night I spent crying to God, 'You have taken away my father and my mother and now my brother is taken from my hand.'

"In the morning Saeed went to the Imam Jum'eh and said, 'I have been reading such and such things in the Koran and the Bible. What do you say~' Later I learned that thirty men had bound themselves together to kill Saeed, so I too went to the Imam Jum'eh and asked him what to do. 'Do nothing,' said he, 'but leave the matter to me.' On Friday, accordingly, the Imam Jum'eh spoke openly in the mosque to all the people, saying, 'Mohammed Saeed is my child. Leave him to me. I will bring him back with proofs from the Koran.' But Saeed was lost to Islam forever, and because I relented and protected him, conditions became so bad that some of the Moslems of Senneh planned to kill me as well as Saeed. One day I found a letter at the post for Saeed, which I read, from Mr. Hawkes, bidding him to come to Hamadan. Then I got a horse and sent him off by night.

"The neighbors gathered and wept over Saeed, and I thought of what he had written in his statement and of all that he had told mL. Not long after I went to the mosque and heard a man read from 'Sirat el Navi,' a book on the private life of the Prophet and his relations with his wives. I bought this book, and as I read it I wondered how such things could be true of a Prophet. A little later I went to the Catholic Church in Senneh and talked with a Chaldean priest there. I tried to get a Bible to read, but was unable to do so. One day I saw It man, named Ossitur of Ramadan, coming through the bazaar with a bundle under his arm. I asked who he was, and upon learning, introduced myself as Saeed's brother and got a Bible. As I read it, I came to the passage, 'I will raise up a prophet like unto his brethren.' I thought surely this meant Mohammed, and I decided to come to Hamadan and take Saeed off to Bagdad or to some other place where strong influences could be brought to bear upon him to win him back to Islam. So I sold my home and told the people I was going to get Saeed and to take him where he would be turned back from his errors. Some of the peop~e doubted my purpose and sought to detain me by offering me the place of leader of the prayers in the mosque. But at last I went though I was not sure of myself. My heart had become two.

INTERVIEWS WITH MOHAMMEDAN CONVERTS

"On reaching Hamadan I found that Saeed was a pupil of Dr. Alexander, the medical missionary there, who welcomed me and gave me soine books to read, among them 'The Balance of Truth.' As I read this book, I found in it the indictment of sin and the message of Christ's love, and these began to have an effect on me. Each day I went to the big mosque, but I found nothing in the preaching. It was all about what Hassan had suffered. As I saw more clearly what Islam and its preachers were, Christ's words about the Pharisees came home to me-the upper seats, the wide borders. But what impressed me most was the contrast between Mohammedans and the missionaries and Christian preachers whom I had come to know. I began to go to prayers at Dr. Alexander's house and then sometimes, with great fear, to church. So things continued until twentyfour years ago, when Mr. Watson was going home to America and asked me to go on the journey with him to the border of Persia. I went, and on the journey was thrown from my horse and broke my kneecap and was brought to the home of Dr. Holmes in Hamadan. I had nothing to do but to read, and I read the Bible and found Christ.

"As I was getting well, Hajji Mirza Hassein and the chief preacher to the .shah were speaking here in Hamadan. I went to hear and got into debate with them. They came for a renewal of the debate to the mission residence at the dispensary, and I saw that the truth was with Christianity. Saeed was there, and they could not answer his words. 'Be silent,' they said to him, 'and let the Sahib do the talking.' After the debate I called on these men, and they gave me a Moslem book to read, but it proved nothing, and I held to Christ.

"At first I was afraid to speak openly of my new faith, but now I am not afraid of anybody. For some years I had charge of the boys in the boarding school, but now for twelve years, I have gone to and fro in the evangelistic work preaching the Gospel of our Saviour. The people do not resent my message. 'If you are in doubt,' I say to them, 'the Koran itself says, Ask the people of the Book. Who are the people of the Book and what is the Book~ I have the Book here. Let us ask it now.' "

The old man, lame from the effects of his fall and grizzled like a veteran of many wars, whimsical, loving, and unafraid, with a living experience of Christ and an authoritative knowledge of Islam, is one of the most faithful and untiring preachers of Christ in Persia, and his children are following in his steps.

CHRISTIANS IN MESHED Far off in the opposite corner of Persia, near the frontiers of Turkistan and Afghanistan in the city of Meshed we met with a group of forty-five believers and inquirers, all of whom had been Mohammedans save one who was a Russian. Wernet almost under

the shadow of the great mosque in the leading shrine city of Persia, where a generation ago a Christian would not have been tolerated for a day and where some years since the whole Jewish community was forcibly converted to Islam. The morning after our arrival I had met two of the Christians who wer.e working in the hospital. I did not know that they were members of the brotherhood, but they knew wlW I was, and their greeting was full of the warm and simple affection of new and true believers. The old man had taken me in his arms, and rubbed his shaggy whiskers first on one cheek and then on the other, and the young woman, in Moslem dress but with unveiled face, had given me an appropriate but equally cordial welcome.

In our little gathering there were many different types, faces from Herat in Afghanistan, characters from many different parts of Persia and central Asia who had been drawn to Meshed, some on pilgrimage to the Shrine, but all of whom were now feeling the power of a stronger drawing. Some wore turbans, some sheepskin caps, many were common laboring folk, but some were better clad in long brown camels' hair abbas. We asked them what their own knowledge of Persia convinced them was its greatest need. A tailor made an- swer for them all.

"The salvation of Jesus Christ, and that faith and confidence in one another which we do not possess and which can come only in and through Him. It has never come and it never can come through Mohammed."

We asked them what were the great difficulties and obstacles in the way of the spread of the Gospel. They answered: "The want in men of the right spirit; our fear of one another; our dread of ridicule and shame; the conviction of the sincere Mohammedan that honest comparison shows the Koran to be at least as good a book as the Bible; the knowledge that if a man becomes a Christian people will boycott his shop; economic fear."

We asked whether anyone had yet been killed for leaving Islam and embracing Christianity; "Not so," was their reply. Was there any danger of such resulU "Perhaps," they said, "but very little. There was no danger to life, but much annoyance."

What hindered most, they thought, was the dominance which Mohammedanism exercised over common life. The rules of conduct laid down by the Koran operated, they believed, as a barrier to life and progress. When we asked wherein this was true, they instanced the marriage customs of Islam, the uncleanness of thought which they declared it bred, and the falsehood which everywhere permeated Moslem society. On the surface, they said, it might appear that Mohammed had not given permission to lie, but his conduct and that of his followers had thrown a religious sanction around hypocrisy and falsehood, and the fact that Persians had originally become Moslems by force, had laid a religious foundation for insincerity.

INTERVIEWS WITH MOHAMMEDAN CONVERTS

We asked this little group what it valued most in Christianity. Its first answer was, "Its love," to which they explained some of them had come only by a rough road. "I was like a sheep astray," said one old man, "guided by stones thrown from this side and that, by an unknown and resisted guidance to a safe shelter and a great love."

"The consistency between the teaching and the practice of Jesus which we did not find in Mohammed," said another.

"Likewise," said a third, "the humility and self-abasement of Christ and the absence in Him of any spirit of retaliation."

"In my heart," said a fourth, "believing has seemed like a light and a revelation."

"As among the Jews," said another, "religion was the tradi- tions of the Pharisees, so it always seemed to me in Islam. It was in • Christ that we first found truth and reality, a True and Living Comforter. "

What arguments, we asked, were they accustomed to use in pre- senting Christ as Lord and Saviour to Mohammedans. These were some of their replies: "All men are sinners; a mediator without sin must be found; he cannot be found among mankind; he must be from God himself."

"The teaching about love in the Bible that is not to be found in any other book. "

"The birth of Jesus Christ supernaturally through the Holy Spirit."

" A dried-up tree gives no fruit; a living tree bears fruit."

Were there many secret believers in Persia T we inquired. "Many," said some. But others, "It cannot be. If they were really believers, they would confess. " "No," said others, "there are many who really b"elieve, but who are afraid. If there were any protecting power here to assure them safety, many would confess. " But there was no such protection in the early Church, they were reminded. "Yes," said they, "that is so."

When we asked what we should tell the Church at home to pray for in connection with the cause of Christ in Persia, their answers were very simple: first for the progress of Christ's Kingdom and that the Church should be multiplied, second for freedom of religion, and third that to those who believe God might give the grace of a new faith and love.

r asked some of these Christians to write down for us the story of their religious experience, first as Mohammedans and then as Christians, and here are several of these stories just as they have told them:

TESTIMONY OF MIRZA – – – KHAN '-'When I considered Jesus Christ, I saw in Him the perfection of personality-and He was not involved in the acquisition of material things. He did not choose any merely temporal end as the purpose of His life. Habitually He conducted Himself with humility….

"I was a Bahai because my father and grandfather and all my family were Bahais. But I have found nothing more perfect than the teaching of Jesus Christ. Whoever has ears to hear, can arrive at real happiness, and I think I have found this happiness in Chris- tianity. "

TESTIMONY OF MIRZA – – – – , (A CARPENTER) "I thank God for my brethren in Christ. "In the first place, I object to Islam in that Mohammed carried on his propaganda by the force of money and of oppression. He could not be a Saviour. "Anyone who has numerous wives can not have fellowship with God; of necessity he must be a worshiper of. his own lust. He could not be a Saviour. "Anyone who instigates strife and turmoil, saying that if anyone strikes you on the ear, strike him in return, and saying many more such things, even sanctioning retaliation in murder-he could not be a Saviour. "In so much as Mohammed got his daily food by theft, and this is so well known that the Arabs still justify theft by saying, 'It is the work of Mohammed, '. and Mohammed says in his own behalf, 'By the help of God we have made a great conquest,' *and much of his teaching and many of the alleged miracles are in the same strain-he could not be a Saviour. "Mohammed said that everyone who was not of his religion was an infidel and unclean, and thus he did away with fellowship among mankind, in so much as he was taken up with greed, force, lust, hatred, murder and self-seeking. We Mohammedans came to understand all this. He could not be a Saviour.

"Now I thank God that He has given me ears to hear and a heart to understand. I saw that in the Moslem faith all leads to destruction, and I searched for truth, to find a Saviour, until God, by His grace, showed me the way. I searched the Bible and I saw the glory of God, and I saw that the Bible leads mankind to God, and that God himself has provided a way of salvation. Convinced that Jesus was no worshiper of lust, my heart said, 'This is the man to be 8i Saviour.'

"I did not find retaliation taught in the Gospels, but on the contrary, here are a few verses, the gist of which I recall: • A standard o.n a Moslem banner. Approximately the same thing is found in SUra 48. verse 1.

INTERVIEWS WITH MOHAMMEDAN CONVERTS

"What you wish men to 00 for yon, you 00 those things :for them. I£ anyone is your enemy, you be his :friend. I£ anyone injures you, do not seek to injure him in return. In so far as you are able, always act with love. Do not regard anyone with evil intent. Always seek grace from God and it will be given you.

"I appreciated that what Mohammed taught has been the source of lying and hatred, and that which I learned concerning Jesus was that which I have stated above. I am convinced that all others have been sinners, and that Jesus alone can be a Saviour. The Holy Spirit helped me, and from the hand of my spiritual shepherd I received baptism, and now I seek, by God's help, to follow the way of life. God knows the conscience of His unworthy servant, and I surely thank the God of all grace that He gave his Holy Spirit, that I might have hope. 0 God, show me in my weakness, the way of life, that I may grow more perfect. I thank God that the bret.hren pray for one another, that we may all be saved and kept."

TESTIMONY OF MIRZA KHAN, (A TAILOR) "Reasons for leaving Islam.

"In the first place it is impossible to be content with the Moslem system of belief on account of the superstition and credulity involved in it.

"The use of force in religious propaganda during the time of Mohammed throws suspicion on the genuineness of the teaching.

"In subsequent history there has been a conspicuous absence of enlightenment and an attitude of aloofness and enmity towards other people.

"My heart found no comfort in Islam. "I became convinced that the backwardness of Persia was largely on account of bigotry and the lack of religious and intellectual freedom.

« Reasons for becoming a Christian.

"A new birth at thirty years of age. "The study of the Bible. "The invitation of Christ, on the basis of love, virtue and peace. "The increase of the glory of the kingdom of Jesus Christ throughout the world. "The finding of assurances, and of comfort for heart longings, and reaching a basis in belief for loving all mankind. "My prayer is for freedom in Christ Jesus for all Persia."

IN THE CITY OF OMAR KHAYYAM On our way from Teheran to Meshed we had passed through Omar Khayyam's dty, Nishapur, at midnight. On our return, however, we stopped for a day in Nishapur, and three of the six be-

lievers in the city were waiting for us, as our poor old broken post carriage halted in the snow before the post house. Nothing would do but that we must go with them at once to the home of the leader of the little company, and as we sat about a brazier and ate our frugAl meal, he told us the story of his finding Christ.

He began with a bit of Persian verse, "When God wants a man, He will draw him to Himself." Mohanuned had borne testimony to Jesus Christ, why should he not bear testimony too? Then from Omar Khayyam he quoted some saying that all men are sinners save God-Father, Son and Spirit. This was in the Mesnavi of Jalal-ud- din too. "The Prophet and the poets alike testify that Christ is the only person who has come on earth who has not sinned. The Koran gave me this thoughtlong before I found it in the Bible. From the Mesnavi I learned also that Mohammed was greatly troubled over his sins and cried 10 God for forgiveness, and I was troubled, too, but knew of no way of deliverance.

"About five years ago I got a Bible from a long-bearded man who, I think, was an Armenian. I found the New Testament a spir- itual book and began to compare it with the Koran, and from that comparison I found peace in the Injil (the Gospel). Then I learned that there were spiritual Christians in Meshed, and I met one of them, Hajji –, but he gave me no satisfaction. Soon after Mr.

Miller came to Nishapur, and I and my son and my friend, the Hajji, here, were baptiz~d."

Mr. Miller had written to me at the time of this visit, and his account of it may well be preserved here. It was dated "Nishapur, October 25, 1920." .

About two months ago we began getting letters in Meshed from a Mirza in Nishapur saying that he had met one of the Meshed Christians who had told him of us, and begging one of us to come to Nishapur and instruct him.

After seven letters had been received it was decided that somebody would have to go, so our Persian associate and I set out on donkeys 'In the three-day trip over the mountains. We were met 12 miles outside the city by our inquirer and I'm sure no missionary ever had a warmer welcome anywhere.

When we were seated in his home my companion, like Peter in Cornelius'

house, said, "Now we have come to you. Will you kindly tell us why you sent for us Y"

Mirza replied by giving us a brief account of his life. His grandfather had been the head of the Ismailian sect of Islam in Herat, and he himself had 5,000 households of this sect in Persia under his supervision. As a boy he had been in India and a medical missionary had said something to him about Christ which he had never forgotten. For some years, however, he searched in vain here and there for a religion that would satisfy him, till six years ago he bought a book from a man with a long beard (Dr. Esselstyn).

He soon found that this was what he was looking for. Three years ago he believed on Christ. But he did not know there were Christian ministers in Meshed, and he had been waiting in vain for someone to baptize him. "So,"

he concluded, "I sent for you to baptize me that 1 may be a complete Christian. ' ,

INTERVIEWS WITH MOHAMMEDAN CONVERTS

I stayed in his home some days and was convinced that he was ready for baptism. The only thing that stood in the way was that he had two wives, .both of whom he loved, and they and their children all lived happily in one house r At first I made up my mind that this ought not to keep a man out of the church of Christ and I sent to Mesl).ed for approval of my purpose to baptize them all. But before the approval arrived the man arranged to put away one of the wives and to provide for her, so this problem was cleared up.

Three weeks ago I baptized this man and his twelve-year-old son and another convert from Meshed who now lives in Nishapur. It was a bit difficult to conduct the examination on nine months of Persian! But this didn't lessen the joy of us all a bit. You should have seen us all kissing each other in good apostolic fashion afterward! And the converts drank up the water in the baptismal bowl and pronounced it very good!

Mirza says that his sect does not accept Mohammed or the Koran, only Ali; that they have no Bible and no set prayers or rules;. that they are largely sufi in theology; and in teaching are not far from Christianity, polygamy and divorce being condemned. He feels it will not be hard to evangelize the whole sect and is eager to make a tour of his villages in order to tell his people of his discovery.

One of our most interesting evenings in Persia was spent at dinner in Teheran in the house of Dr. Saeed Khan, the story of whose conversion has already been told in connection with that of his brother, Kaka. Dr. Saeed Khan is one of the best known and most influential Christians in Persia. After studying in Hamadan he took a medical course in London and is one of the most trusted Persian physicians. One of his patients is the last governor of Kurdi~tan whose predecessor a few years ago would no doubt have felt it to be his duty to respond to the demand of the mollahs in Senneh for Dr.

Saeed's execution for apostasy. He is a great student both of Christianity and Mohammedanism, with a keen eye for old Persian books. He told his story in choice English. It was just as Kaka had narrated it to us but with many added t-ouches.

After his father's death as a boy of sixteen he had been given by the old mollahs a turban to wear and a school to teach. He was curious to learn other languages, and on that account, was willing to exchange his knowledge of Kurdish for Kasha Yohanan's knowledge of Syriac. At first he had thought that all the Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah referred to Mohammed, and he used to rejoice in them and repeat them to Kaka. But when he came, in Isaiah, to the great chapter about the Servant who should not strive nor cry nor be harsh or violent, he was halted. That certainly could not apply to Mohammed. When he himself had become convinced of the truth of Christianity and Kaka had become interested, one of their chief difficulties related to their father. He had been a good and earnest and honest man. Once he had found a bag of money and though in great need, had kept it intact until its owner was discovered. How could so good a man, Kaka asked, be lost for not accepti~g Christ T Saeed's reply had been that he and Kaka

would be judged according to the light that had been given them, and that that light had never reached their father. It was after seven years of Christian teaching that Saeed had at last been baptized by Mr. Hawkes. Not long afterw~rds some European teachers of perfectionism had come to Hamadan, and, taken by their teaching, Saeed had gone to Sweden, but the second verse of the third chapter of the first Epistle of John corrected for him any thought of a present sinlessness, and he went on to England to find many friends there and to prepare for his life work in Persia.

More than once since his conversion has he returned to Senneh, at first with peril but at last with great honor. Once in his early years in Teheran the Senneh ecclesiastics sent a formidable communication to the Turkish legation demanding his death as an apostate, but it was intercepted by friendly hands and destroyed. No one now would think of lifting a hostile hand against the familiar and honored figure of this sincere and mature Christian who walks to and fro wherever he will in Persia, by life and by word bearing witness to the True Prophet and only Saviour, our Lord Jesus Christ.

Many of the Mohammedan converts in Persia have been deeply influenced by dreams. Dreams play so large a part in the thoughts of Persians in matters of duty and points of decision that it is not to be wondered at that so many of the converts trace their resolution to follow Christ to the guidance which they believe they received in a dream.

One of the Meshed Christians said: "I was in great doubt whether I should leave Mohammed and follow Christ or should reject Christ and hold to Islam. I had been reading the Bible and was almost convinced that it was true, but I was not sure, and I did not want to make a mistake. If I confessed Christ, it might turn out in the end that Mohammedanism was true; and if on the other hand I held to Mohammed, I might discover at last and too late that Chris" tianity was the true religion. In this perplexity I asked God if He would not guide me by a dream, and that night in a dream I saw on the floor of my room the Bible and the Koran, and the Koran lay on top of the Bible. Suddenly, however, the door opened and an angel entered who walked across the room and without stooping to touch it with his hand brushed the Koran aside with his foot leaving the Bible alone. So I awoke and knew that the Bible was the book of God."

And so all over Persia we have met those who are coming up out of trouble and difficulty, "who climb the steep ascent of Heaven through peril, toil and pain." Already they have" reached to God." We who have had fellowship with them for a little while, who have walked with them amid their shadows, and have drunk with them out of their cup, have reason to be grateful for the inspiration of their courage and their faith.

F. Goucher, Missionary

BY CHARLES H. FAHS, NEW YORK Director of the Missionary Research Library JOHN FRANKLIN GOUCHER, known widely for a generation as an outstanding figure in the missionary enterprise, died at his country home at Alto Dale, Pikesville, Maryland, on July 19, 1922, at the age of seventy-seven. So unusual was his influence and so unique was his contribution to missions that his life service well merits review and consideration.

Graduated as a Bachelor of Arts from Dickinson College in 1868, his Alma Mater awarded him her higher degrees in later years (M.A., 1872; D.D., 1885; LL.D., 1899).

Admitted to the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church (Bal- timore Conference) in 1869, Dr.

Goucher served in the active pas- torate for twenty-one years, during which time he built fifteen churches and under his· active and tireless ministry every congregation not only increased in numbers, but he also enlarged the vision and en- riched the purpose of his people with respect to needy peoples in far places.

Dr. Goucher was married in 1877 to Mary Cecelia Fisher, of Pikes- ville, Md., a union beautiful and JOHN F . GOUCHER significant, not only for the daugh- tel's which blessed it, and for the rich home life in town and country which ever made his hospitality notable, but also for the fine co- operation of Mrs. Goucher, through fellowship and financial par- ticipation in all of his projects. The marriage "wrought a union of vision and wealth," and rendered large planning and high achievement possible. For twenty-five years Dr. and Mrs. Goucher were permitted to walk life's pathway together, and then, for twenty years more Dr. Goucher was left to work out his life pur- poses with his daugb,ters only as his companions.

'l'he enterprise which will doubtless be Dr. Goucher's greatest monument in the United States is the woman's college in Baltimore which now bears his name. Of this he was the founder and for twenty years he was its president. Into the fabric of this institutiou 817

he built his vision of higher education for women, and into the college treasury went many thousands of dollars of which he was the steward. Along with his high endeavors in this field of education he carried no small burden also in connection with the education of the Negro. Of Morgan College (Baltimore) he was president of the Board of Trustees for forty-two years and he was the projector and chief benefactor of Princess Anne Training School.

FOREIGN MISSION WORK But it was Dr. Goucher's relationship to the broader field of foreign missions that is most pertinent for consideration in this brief sketch.

In the middle eighties Dr. Goucher laid the plans for a truly notable experiment in Christian eugenics. He purposed to provide support for a large number of village schools in India, a school for boys being paralleled in every case by a school for girls. There should be taught in these schools in every case the three R's and the Bible. The best pupils from these elementary schools should be sent on to high schools, these schools again to be maintained in pairs, not only so that girls and boys should have an equal chance at culture, but also so that propinquity should do its inevitable work and Christian homes should result from the social contacts provided. In due course the best high school pupils should be sent on to normal school, college or theological seminary. Three principles were. to pertain in all these processes: (1) only the best should be privileged for promotion; (2) the home-making instinct must be reckoned with and provided for all along the way; (3) the education must be planned to eventuate in Christian character, culture and home life.

The primary vernacular schools in India maintained by Goucher funds at one time reached 120 in number, and in far away Baltimore Dr. Goucher was receiving stated reports of the progress of every child in every school. For twenty years the experiment was kept up. Its relinquishment was due to Dr. Goucher's disappointment with respect to the apparent administrative impracticability of maintaining on the field the conditions essential to a really scientific experiment. Be had been eager to make before the world an exact demonstration of the possibilities of Christian education in social transformation. Yet converts from among the pupils and from their families and friends numbered thousands. At one time hundreds of marriages a year were taking place among pupils of his schools, and so Christian homes were established. For a "generation and more converts of the Goucher schools have been the preachers, teachers. and business men of the Christian community in parts of North India. Children of the third generation are now winning honors in college. To what results the experiment will ultimately come, who shall sayY A second great service to missions was rendered by this leader

JOHN F. GOUCB:ER, MISSIONARY EDUCATOR

through the part he played in the beginnings of Methodist work in various of the Eastern Asia fields. He financed the field inspection and the early work in Korea and in West China and in a real sense was the founder of those two missions, for it was his vision, foresight, enterprise and underwritings that were the occasion of the opening of Methodist Episcopal mission work in those fields.

As his most notable monument at home will doubtless be Goucher College, so his services in promoting higher education in the Far East will probably come to be regarded as his greatest contribution to missions abroad. He bought and gave to the Anglo-Japanese Methodist College in Tokyo (Aoyama Gakuin) the twenty-four acres of ground which constitute its campus. A building named for him is the center .of the religious life of the institution. In Korea he made possible the founding of Pai Chai, said to be the first Christian school in the land, and certainly the highest grade school in Korea under Methodist Episcopal auspices until the participation of the Methodist Mission in the union Chosen Christian College. He contributed the first land and cash towards the institution which is now the West China Union University, and was chairman of the board of governors of that institution from the beginning. From the days of the earliest proposals for union in higher education in Peking and in Foochow he was a tireless promoter of these enterprises. .

As A MISSIONARY COUNSELOR Dr. Goucher became a member of the Board of Managers of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church (now the Board of Foreign Missions) in 1884, and at the time of his death he was the senior member of that Board. He was a member of nine quadrennial General Conferences of his denomination, and at three of them he acted as chairman of the Committee on Missions. In the series of forward movements in missions of his church, CUlminating in the Centenary Movement, he was one of the chief counselors and burden bearers. In interdenominational missionary activities he was equally prominent.

At the meeting on higher education at the Ecumenical Missionary Qonference in New York in 1900 he was the presiding officer. He was a constructive force during the early years of the Young People's Missionary Movement, now the Missionary Education Movement. In connection with the preparations for the World Missionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1910 he was a member of the Commission on Christian Education and during the sessions of the Conference he was a member of the Business Committee. He was also a member of the Continuation Committee of that Conference and chairman of the American Section of its sub-committee on Education. He attended the Panama Congress in 1916 and served on the Business Committee during its sessions. He attended nine of the annual

sessions of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America and for five years was a member of its Committee of Reference and Counsel. Thus for forty years he had been a felt force in the missionary life of his denomination and for a quarter of a century had been making rich contributions of service through a worthy participation in interdenominational and international mission life.

He was a tireless traveler. Five hundred times he made the trip from Baltimore to New York City for attendance upon admin- istrative bodies and committee meetings; twenty-five times he crossed the Atlantic; eight times he crossed the Pacific; three times he passed through the Suez Canal; twice he Inarle .the journey across Asia on the Trans-Siberian railway. When he was seventy-six years of age he made for the third time the long and somewhat hazardous journey to West China. At every mission station where he called his presence was a blessing and a benediction.

In 1904, Dr. John R. Mott, in his book on "The Pastor and Modern Missions," published a list of great givers to missions. In this list Dr. Goucher's name appeared as of one having given at least $250,000 to this cause. Fifteen years later, after a further contin- uous program of significant giving to missions on his part, Dr. Goucher and others were asked by World Outlook what each would do with a million-dollars if he had it to invest in missions. Here is the proposal of this veteran and missionary statesman as he looked toward the sunset of his life; it is a vision of what he would have done with the money if he had had yet a million dollars to put into the great enterprise: "If the investment is to be distributed so as to relieve fundamental human needs, secure permanently increasing dividends of blessings to man- :kind, and have far-reaching influence in hastening the Kingdom, the allotment to Foreign Mission work would meet these conditions if contributed to the development of a carefully standardized system of education, including the whole range of primary and university work, making possible a literate church membership and an adequate native leadership in each of the Christless nations.

"Primary education is fundamental, but quality is more vitally important than quantity, and institutions for higher learning are essential to firstclass work in every school of lower grade. One first-class institution, properly adjusted, the best of its kind, is more constructive than forty others working below the point of efficiency.

"Evangelism, without education, faces fanaticism and reaction. Christian education is the most productive, the most permanent and farthestreaching form of evangelism. Therefore: "1. I would make no contribution to any form of Christian activity unless it were coordinated to the larger movements of the Kingdom.

"2. I would strengthen, as best I might, the strategically related units of a great interdenominational system of Christian education, which would have permanent and increasing ministry, unifying Christian activities, eliminating wasteful competition and largely increasing production in the work of the Kingdom of our Christ, who prayed for the Church that 'they all may be one.' "

A Yam Garden-AOParable

BY DR. NORTHCOTE DECK South Sea Evaugelical Mission, Aola, Solomon Islands I N INCITING our converts in the Solomon Islands to persistent prayer, the illustration of a yam garden has often been of use. How does a native grow yams ¥ Does he take a bag full and roam through the forest pushing in, one here, one there, in any nook or corner he may find, never to know where they are planted, never to return and tend them and watch their growth, never at the last to gather them and feast his heart upon them r Surely reaping no re- suIting fruit, he would soon tire of planting yams. Yet is not that how many children of God sow Yhere they never reap, make a duty of what might become a joy, and so soon tire of prayingf Do we not often offer petitions so vague and indefinite that we would hardly recognize the answer, or we plant a prayer for some definite object, and strliightway go away and forget all about it. Like the yam planted and abandoned in the forest, it is never reaped by the sower, it never gladdens the heart and impels us to further planting. Natives do not plant yams like that; they are too practical; but many pray like that.

A native plants yams to obtain the fruit. He chooses the place with care, clears it, and sows his yams with skill. He marks it off with fences, that he may know his own plot. Day by day he visits them and tends to the plants. The first green sprout of promise gladdens his heart, and incites him to further loving attention. He gathers his harvest, and, encouraged by the fruit of his toil, never fails to go on planting and reaping.

That is the way of fruitful praying. We must above all be defi- nite; choose the subjects of our prayer with care, waiting upon God to guide our minds to ask for those very things He wishes to give.

Then let us record the prayers that we may never forget. It was so that George Miiller kept account with God. Such a book, in which answers may be recorded as well as the petitions, immensely strength- ens faith, and keeps the soul expectant. Seven subjects of prayer thus carried through to fruition are more an incentive to go on praying, than seven hundred begun and abandoned. It is the derelict prayers of the saints that mainly discredit the power of intercession.

In Malaita we have had a striking example of focussed and per- sistent prayer. A few years ago Sinmoo, an old fighting chief, came down from the bush. Adopting the teacher as his son he came to live in a newly formed Christian village. But though all heathen rites and customs were left behind and he came regularly to service, the old man's face remained heavy. When Christ was mentioned 3 iiI

TH:El MISSlONARY REVI]lW 0]' TltI!: WORLD

there was none of that answering light in his eyes which is so sure a witness in the islands, for his heart remained dark and unopened to the Saviour. Many heard of him and continued faithful in prayer for him. Often we tried to make clear the way of escape, to tell him of the peace he was rejecting. We did not then know that his was a notable case, and that the heathen chiefs around kept urging him to die as he had lived, a worshiper of the akalos, that he might come back with them to haunt the place of their forefathers.

We were much troubled, for he was an old man on the verge of the grave, and our only resource lay in prayer. ,¥hen last visiting his village, after two years, the prayers of the saints at length pre- vailed, and in the midst of a simple gospel service, without waiting for the close, the old man stood up and cried out loudly that he. wanted to "trust." And so he did that day with his wife, son, grandson, and five others, to our great joy. We believe that the old man's conversion will have a great effect on the surrounding heathen.

One result has been to enlarge our expectations, to drive us afresh to our knees, and to increase the urgency of our prayers for other strong old heathen around the island who still obstruct the Gospel. Watching God fit His master key to the heart of this hard- ened old heathen fighter, makes us expectant that in answer to similar persistent prayer He will unlock other hearts also.

It is our privilege in the mission field to have many such men and schools in our prayer-gardens, and, like the Hebrew attackers at Jericho, to encircle them daily before the Throne of Grace. It is the greatest possible incentive to prayer, to visit such gardens of the Lord in person, to find tender green shoots out of a dry ground, some here, some there; to tend the growth and fruitage of the prayers God has compelled from us. "Watching thereunto" impels one with joy to go on, ever planting, ever praying. Many names need never be omitted from our prayers, until they are included in the Lamb's Book of Life! But is God only the God of the islands, and not also the God of the homelands~ Is His hand shortened~ "Pray Ye."

In the Solomon Islands we have a class of native dogs that suffer from chronic starvation. As might be expected they have but little spirit, so that when they take hold of anything, it does not take much to drive them off and to discourage them. They afford an apt illustration for our converts of the way many Christians take hold in prayer. I have told them how bulldogs, when they take hold, will die almost before they let go. Many a time since then, a native, ever .quick at parable, has prayed: "Oh Lord make us bulldogs in prayer!" Such, indeed, are the intercessors who are needed in the Church today-men who will cry with the patriarch, "Though He slay me yet will I trust Him;" men who will set their faces to pray on with unwavering faith for years, in quiet confidence that what God has laid upon their hearts to ask, He is certain 'in the end to give.

WOMEN OF CHILE AWAKENED BY THE

The Rev. Robert B. Elmore, D.D., Supt. of Educational '''ork and a group of teachers in the Central Escuela Popular, Va1paraiso Awakening of the Women of Chile BY FLORENCE E . SMITH, VALPARAISO, CHILE G REAT forces are at work in Chile-political, intellectual and moral-but the greatest, though humble and unheralded in its beginnings, is without doubt the Gospel of Christ, preached and taught in its apostolic simplicity. Mter fifty years of silent effort, it is now being recognized as such by political, educational and commercial leaders. President Alessandri, a few weeks after his election last year, sent one of his trusted lieutenants to consult with an evangelical leader concerning the future of evaHgelical Christianity in Chile, offering his sympathy and aid. "The director of one of the great commercial schools recently put himself on record in the public press as one of those striving to live according to the Great Book, and thus publicly and naively allied himself with the erstwhile despised Evangelicals. An evangelical clergyman has been for some years one of the instructors in the National University. Business men, seeking clerks and laborers, bear witness to the sobriety and the integrity of those who have been trained in evangelical schools. Even the religious forces of the State Church have been stimulated to new activities, and have adopted new methods of work, in order to 883

keep abreast of this new, unwelcome and hitherto violently opposed missionary movement.

What Christ is doing in general in Chile, He is also doing for Chilean women, but there are particular ways in which the Gospel exerts an influence on their individual and collective needs.

There is great illiteracy and ignorance among women in Chileand by no means always confined to the lower classes-because formerly it was not considered necessary or even.womanly for females to have an education. They are not, however, deficient in mentality; on the contrary, there are very fine minds lying fallow among them, and a large general degree of intelligence in all classes, even in the very lowest. But the women need to be awakened and taught to think. Deprived of any but the most rudimentary education and considered in the home simply as the bringer-forth of progeny and the purveyor to masculine tastes and desires, not expected to have an opinion,much less to express it, should it differ in the least from that of her lord and master-what is there to stimulate thought in the lot of the average Chilean woman 1 She has been trained to bear with superhuman patience whatever her daily lot shall bring; and when one has so much to bear, it were easier not to think!

Neither has her religious faith stimulated her mental processes. Masses in an unknown tongue are not supernaturally interpreted, and it has become her life-long habit to sit with crossed hands and meekly bowed head, listening to that which she does not understand, but to which she piously gives the assent of her soul. A fluent flow of oratory pleases her Latin love of words, without regard to their content-"A.si es, asi es"-"so it is"; but just what is so, or why it is so, why trouble about that1 Her sins will be forgiven, her heaven assured, by the word of the priest. Does she need more V But the Word of God, taught by the Evangelicals in plain, colloquial Spanish, is understandable and practical. It stirs hitherto unsuspected depths of being and of will. One constantly hears of illiterate women, long past middle life, so keenly intent on learning to read this Treasure Trove that distance and all lesser objects of interest are obliterated. It is wonderful and wholly delightful to see the mental awakening which comes to these women.

The Gospel comes with an individual appeal-something to be accepted or rejected. At the beginning it is often violently rejected, just because it causes uncomfortable thoughts and reactions, a sense of personal responsibility, which of all things the Latin mind hates! But in other instances, it satisfies a sense of personal need, hidden away down deep beneath the crust of an unresponsive mentality, and then it is eagerly grasped. And as to accept it immediately brings opposition and persecution, the mental depths are stirred to meet these, and to defend the new faith which has illumined the deeps of the soul. The Gospel is not a comfortable feather bed on which to

AWAKENING OF THE WOMEN OF CHILE

be borne along through life; it involves effort, something which appeals to me and which I must work out in everyday living-it costs and compels. It is a personal message from my God to me-with no intermediary. Can you measure what that means to a soul who has been taught from infancy that there is no personal approach to the Mercy-seat of God without the intervention of priest and Virgin and saint 1 Latin America exalts a woman to the place of Deity, in the person of the Virgin Mary, but there is little respect for womanhood. The "three obediences" are expected of the Chilean woman only in a lesser degree than of her Oriental sisters; always she is subject to masculine control. The emancipating breath of freedom which is sweeping around the world therefore finds her ill-prepared for personal initiative and self-direction. But when she accepts a personal Gospel and finds a personal Saviour, Friend and Guide, she begins truly to "find herself," and to subject her other" obediences" to the great Obedience.

In learning to read the Bible, and to think it through for herself, woman learned to read the newspaper and other things, and to think more clearly and intelligently about her personal relationships and responsibilities. She rises, almost visibly, into a comprehension, vague and dim at first it is true, but still real, of her true dignity and womanly estate. Co-education in evangelical primary and grammar schools and in the State University, where as everywhere else in the world the feminine mind shows itself the full equal if not the superior of its masculine companions, is freeing her from the traditional incapacity to say "No" to male insinuations and demands, where these are incompatible with righteousness, dignity or convenience. The equality of the sexes, which is being taught not only in schools, but by sermons and community lectures, is beginning to beafl fruit. Slowly but surely the Latin American woman is coming into her own, and Latin American men are beginning to perceive this fact with astonishment and apprehension!

BETTER WIVES AND MOTHERS Some husbands and fathers of reactionary tendencies have accused evangelical teachers of young women, of discouraging matrimony. There are some types of matrimony in Latin America, as elsewhere, which need to be vigorously discouraged, but the Gospel in Chile is exalting the Home, and the Home-maker and the Homesustainer in every possible way. It is behind all the modern social movements. It was the initiator of the crusade against alcohol, which now fortunately has been taken on by various organizations of a civic character. It is teaching the women and the girls of Chile that four walls do not make a home, nor martial relations a true marriage. It is teaching them the direct relationship between filthy, lazy, ig-

norant and careless housekeeping and the corner saloon and pawnshop. It is teaching the mother of ten and fifteen children, all but two of whom are dead, the measure of her responsibility, not only for not keeping them alive, but also for having brought them into a home physically and morally unprepared to receive them. It is teaching her that it is not true when she says of their death, "It is God's will, " with pious shifting of culpability. In other words, the Gospel in Chile is bringing .to the women the teachings of modern hygiene, child-culture, soul nurture, and home-making. And how they drink it in! It is all new-indeed it is difficult to realize how new, and the necessity of beginning at the very ABC to lay the foundations of this training.

PURIFYING SOCIAL STANDARDS One of the strongest counts in the indictment against the Roman Catholic Church, in its work in South America, is its failure to create and uphold standards of social morality. For four hundred years it has held unquestioned sway, and the hearts of the people have been as wax in its hands, and yet, by its refusal to recognize the validity of civil marriage, and by its own extortionate marriage fees, it has directly fostered illegitimacy, which, according to Government statistics, in Chile is much worse than in any European country. That thousands of the illegitimate children in South America have priests for their fathers, is an open secret.

The" single standard" of sex morality is not only not credited as a possible achievement in Latin America, but is openly scoffed at. Under such conditions, womanhood has naturally been the victim of the predatory male, and the high walls of protection found in conventual seclusion and existing customs of chaperonage, are the means which fathers and husbands have taken to defend their womenkind from such attacks. Such means are never very successful, however, and the evangelical churches are seeking to provide the Chilean woman with other and more powerful defenses- those which are erected within her own heart. Modern currents of thought and economic changing opportunities are now wooing the girls out into the great world, for which they are as yet so ill prepared.

And as woman is taught to guard her own defenses, so is she being taught to require of her men friends and claimants for her hand, purity in their own life and conduct. She is opening her eyes to the fact that there is no necessity of her .being the innocent victim of men's vicious excesses, or of bringing syphilitic and alcoholic children into the world. She is being taught to stand upon her dignity and the economic independence which she is rapidly acquiring, and looking her suitor straight in the eye to say, "The purity of soul which you demand of me, I also demand of you; the day of the double standard for men and women has gone by. I can protect myself, I

can earn my own living-it is no longer necessary that a woman should marry. She can wait until she finds one whom she can respect and honor."

THE MEANS TO THE END (1) Through modern, evangelical schools, of primary, grammar and secondary grade, where not only arithmetic, physiology' and his- tory are taught, but social morality, the equality of the sexes, modern hygiene, and all that goes to make a thoroughly furnished Ohristian woman.

The Methodist Mission in Ohile has three large, well-equipped, and successfully managed colleges for women, in Santiago, Iquique and Ooncepcion, which are crowded to the doors every year by the daughters of Chile's upper classes. The Presbyterian Mission, through its Escuelas (co-educational schools of primary and gram- mar grade) is laying the foundations of Christian womanhood from the kindergarten up. And now the Women's Training-school for Ohristian Service which is being erected in Valparaiso, as a joint enterprise of the two Missions, for the preparation of teachers, nurses and deaconesses, will mean a great forward movement in the training of Chilean women leaders.

(2) Through sermons from the pulpit, through Women's Societies and Girls' Clubs in the churches, through social meetings for young people of both sexes, through community lectures and classes, dealing with the care of the body as well as the soul, hygiene in the home, child nurture, social morality and kindred topics are being taught and discussed.

(3) Through the union weekly church paper, which devotes at least a page to women's interests.

(4) Through the Young Women's Ohristian Association, which has recently opened its doors both in Santiago and Valparaiso, and a which has great work before it in Ohile. Through its foyers, gym- nasiums and cultural classes it is opening new horizons to hundreds of girls of the middle and upper-middle classes, and bringing new life and new interests to girls of the upper class by showing them how to share their advantages with others less fortunate.

(5) Through a large forward movement, planned conjointly by the two Missions-known among the Methodists as the" oentenary"

and among Presbyterians as the "New Era," with Women's Departments and Secretaries in charge of them, for the training of women leaders in the evangelical churches.

All honor to the women of Ohile, who for generations have struggled op. beneath loads too heavy to be borne,uncomplaining, tolerant, patient, generous! A brighter day is dawning for you, oh my sisters-the day of equal opportunity, the day of social and political recognition, the day of personal initiative and spiritual rights.

Great Need of American

BY ROBERT W. SEARLE, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.

T HE United States Government has failed to give to the Amer- ican Indian that which alone can fit him to struggle against the tide of evil which exists on every reservation. The Indian schools give a fine secular training and many Indians grasp the opportunity but what a mockery to equip a man to make a living and to fail in training him to live. Education must go further where there is no Christian home to augment it. It is not the ignorance of worldly things that leads a man into the depths of sin, it is the ignorance of the life and teachings and power of Christ.

Every missionary views yearly the sad tragedy of those who, coming back from government schools where they have learned many externals of civilization, are soon dragged under by the power of sin. Some are reached by the Christian missions, but more are lost entirely or will always carry the marks of sin in their bodies and some day will pay the penalty either in their own lives or in the sufferings of wives and children. One young man, who had been telling me about his little boy who had died but a year before, said in a low heartwringing tone, "I killed my boy. It was my sin that he paid for. I would to God I could live my life over again." This man is a graduate of a government school and yet he was a helpless victim of sin until Christ lifted him out of filth and set him up as a power for good among his people.

Another young man on the reservation, a Carlisle graduate and a fine athlete, upon graduating took a position in the railroad carshops of a certain Pennsylvania city. In the year and a half that he was there, there was scarcely a night when he was not drunk. Being discharged on this account he came back to the reservation and there he too was touched by Christ and reborn, so that today he has an ideal home, happy and free from sin because Christ is there.

Many other cases prove that in spite of the philosophical opinions of certain learned college professors, Jesus Christ is the divine Saviour and education without the teaching of Christ makes a man's life like the course of a rudderless boat. Most of the Indians lack the Christian home influence. Children are brought up not only in ignorance of right but in contact with evil in its worst forms. Often the children are neglected and left to wander as inclination leads in a eommunity where sin is unconcealed. The marriage relation is very lax and the laws are not strictly enforced on the reservations, owing to an improper division of responsibility between the state and the federal governments. Many parents have never been legally married. The result is frequent separation and desertion and also much of 888 what the law defines as adultery. Unsanitary living conditions, poverty and ignorance give little chance to hundreds of children.

One way to counteract such influences is the building of Christian boarding schools where the children will be trained in the "Jesus Road" before they have fallen into sin, where they will be given the chance which we claim that America holds open to all. For ten years there was no government school on the Winnebago, Nebraska, reservation and most of the Indian children lack even a primary education. A Christian school has now been built and these children not only can be reached, but through the little ones many of the older Indians who are at pre.sent unapproachable can be brought to the saving knowledge of Christ.

Week-Day Religious Instruction in Evanston BY FRANK M. McKIBBEN, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS Community Director of Religious Education W EEK-DAY religious instruction was offered to the children of the first six grades of the public schools of Evanston dur- ing eight weeks of the last school year by the Evanston Council of Religious Education. All churches are actively cooperating in this Council except the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Jewish and Christian Science bodies. The Board of Religious Education consists of seven members, who are responsible for the educational program and policy, and under whose auspices a large and successful Community Training School was conducted for twelve weeks last winter.

The classes for week-day -religious instruction were held five mornings of the week, from 8: 15 to 8: 45, before the public school schedule and in the public school buildings. The Board of Education would not grant time out of the regular school day schedule, and hence the classes were held at this early hour. It is not a suitable hour for such work, since it lengthens the school day for the children, interferes with home duties and private lessons, and does not create the psychological effect of leading the child to appreciate the significance attached to instruction in morals and religion by placing these classes in the regular day's program. The Board of Religious Education hopes that the instruction may soon be given during the regular school day. In that case the classes will be held in church centers conveniently located with respect to the public school buildings. The Board of Religious Education paid for a nominal rental fee for the use of the public school buildings, and in this way the fine atmosphere of study, discipline and response, engendered by the public school room, contributeed very definitely to the work of the religious classes.

The response the pupils made to the work was as whole-hearted and sincere as that made to the public school work, if not more so.

The work offered in religious instruction is entirely voluntary and only those children are enrolled whose parents desire that they receive such instruction. When the invitation was sent out to the parents to enroll their children, practically one thousand children were enrolled in the classes. Considering the early hour and the voluntary aspect of the work, the attendance was very regular and prompt.

As all the teaching was given during one half hour a large number of teachers was required. The thirty-two classes were conducted by thirty-two instructors, seventy per cent of whom were public school teachers who felt that they could teMh this extra half hour in addition to the regular school work, and whom the Board felt were qualified to give such instruction. The other instructors employed were trained Sunday-school teachers in the community. All were paid by the Board of Religious Education so much per hour for their services.

The curriculum was determined by the Board according to the following four general principles: 1. The material should ac(!uaint the pupil with the Bible and cultivate interest in it.

2. It should lead the pupil to know and appreciate the life and personality of Jesus Christ.

3. It should instil in the mind and heart of the pupil the fundamental principles of Christian life and conduct.

4. It should be free from sectarianism.

The children were divided into three groups of two grades each (1st to 6th). ,These various groups studied material particularly adapted to the needs and ability of each. As the pupils were young, most of the material was in story form and included expression on the part of the pupil. Supplementary material in the form of music and art was used.

The program was supported financially by the citizens of the community, most· of the money coming from the members of the various churches. A budget of $7,000 covered the expenses for the first eight months-from January 1st to September 1st, 1920. For the program from September 1st, 1920 to September 1st, 1921, a budget of $15,000 is being raised and the instruction is to be extended to cover the entire eight grades of the public school.

The program in Evanston was developed in connection with the establishment of the Department of Religious Education of Northwestern University, situated in Evanston. Dr. Norman E. Richardson, head of the Department, was chairman of the Board. Dr. George H. Betts, a member of the Department, is giving particular attention to the building of the curriculum and Dr. John E ..Stout, educational advisor to the program, assists in training the teachers.

UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS OF

They wear the outer &:armcnt when coming into the cittes U noccupied Fiel~s of Latin America BY WEBSTER E . BROWNING, PH.D., LITT.D., MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY AN~ c~nsideration of th~ re~ponsibilities of evange~ical Ch~is­ handy for the evangehzatIOn of the peoples of Latm America must necessarily be based on a study of the actual spiritual needs of each of the three great social castes or divisions into which the population of these twenty r epublics is divided. These divisions are the following: 1. The pure Indian tribes which) in general, occupy the hinterland of the continent and are not in contact with the inhabitants of European descent.

2. The creole or mixed population, which forms the working class of the cities and of the entire coastal region.

3. The intellectual ruling class, whose members are generally of pure European descent or birth, and who have accumulated, by inheritance or otherwise, a considerable portion of the wealth of their respective countries.

In this study of the unoccupied fields we do not include the second division for, while unfortunately its members have not all been evangelized by either Oatholic or Evangelical Christianity, it is a fact that the most faithful adherents of both these churches are found among the creole population. The variou.s orders of Catholic clergy have fringed the continent with their missions and general work, and the 891

majority of the creoles are members of that Church and yield it a sometimes reluctant obedience.

The intellectuals of the various countries, especially the men, although baptized into the faith by pious mothers, have almost unanimously become estranged from the Church and yield it neither respect nor obedience.

The work of evangelical missions has, in general, followed in the steps of the Catholics and is even more strictly limited to the coastlands. Although the movement has crept up the great waterways and established a few outposts in the great interior, it has in g'eneral been limited to the towns and larger cities along or near the coast line. Only sporadic efforts have been made to reach the indigenous population, and the concern of the evangelicals for the spiritual welfare of the intellectuals has been distinguished for its rarity or complete absence. Cons_equentIy, the unoccupied fields of Latin America lie at the diametrically opposite extremes of the social scale, and must be studied separately.

THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION Christian work among the more than 15,000,000 Indians who dwell within the limits of Latin America seems to have escaped the concern of both Catholic and evangelical forces, so that the evangelization of this great mass of fellow-Americans today constitutes one of the greatest challenges thai; can be presented to twentieth century Christendom.

In order to understand the extent of this problem, it is necessary to note the various t.ibes that compose this pure Indian population. For the sake of brevity, these may be tabulated as follows, but for a fuller understanding of the problem they must be studied more in detail.

Country Indians Principal Tribes Evangelical Work Untouohed Mexico ………. 5,000,000 …. Yaquis ……………………….. Almost entirely …. Mayas ………………………. .

Guatemala ……. 1,200,000 Presbyterians ……. Largely Independents …… .

Nicaragua ……. 10,000 …. Mosquito ……. Moravians ……… .

Colombia …….. 2,000,000 …. Chibchas, etc…. Presbyterians ……. Almost wholly Venezuela ….. '" 300,000 None ……….,…. Entirely Ecuador ……… 1,600,000 None ………….. Wholly Peru ………… 3,UOO,000 …. Quechuas ……. S. A. Evang. Union .. Largely Adventists ……… .

Bolivia ………. 1,000,000 …. Aymaras ……. Peniel Hall M••….. Largely Bolivian Indian M….

Guianas ………. 40,000 Mo;ravians …….•• Largely Chile .. . . …. … .. 102,000 …. Araucanians …. S(}. Am. M. S……. Largely …. Alacalufs, etc…. .

A:rgentina . . . 50,000 None …•………. Wholly Gran Chaco* • So. Am. M. S……. Almost wholly Brazil ………1,500,000 … ,Various …….. Bible Societies ….. .

Paraguay …… 50,000 …. Chaco ………. Inland S. A. M…… .

Uruguay…. .. . .. None –;.n; term applies to the great unexplored int~ior of South America. Including territory In Brazll, Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay.

UNOCCUPIED FIELDS OF LATIN AMERICA

WORK AMONG THE INDIANS The Roman Catholics have planted a few missions on the ontskirts of this great interior region which is inhabited almost solely by the Indians, but the results of their work have been scant. No doubt many consecrated priests have given their lives to the carrying of the Gospel to these dark-skinned people of the forests; but the example of the few has been more than counteracted by that of the majority and it must be confessed that the morality of the native son, untouched by the influence of the foreigner, sometimes puts to shame that which is practiced by those who pose as his teachers of a new religion.

The evangelical missions have established a few centers from which successful work is now beingcarried on, and the principal ones may be mentioned. .

The Moravians are working among the tribes of the Mosquito Coast of Nicaragua, and also in the Guianas among the Indians and the Bush Negroes. Among San BIas people, there is but one worker, a woman, and she is an independent missionary. The Presbyterians are extending their work in the region of Quezaltenango, Guatemala, to include some of the Indian tribes, and there are one or two BRAZILIAN INDIAN OF THE INTERIOR independent missionaries in that same republic who are working among the tribes of the great interior. In Colombia, the Presbyterians have a mission station in the Sinn district which reaches the pagans of that region, and some work is also being done in the Province of Antioquia, in the vaHey of the Cauca.

The South American Evangelical Union has an excellent work on its farm at Urco, near Cuzco, Peru, and in the same republic, near Puno, the Seventh Day Adventists have had unusual success in reaching and evangelizing the Indians that live on the high plateau in the region of Lake Titicaca. Two independent missions are working in Bolivia. These are the Peniel Hall Mission, on the shores of the J-,ake, and the Bolivian Indian Mission, with its center at San Pedro.

The South American Missionary Society has a well established work among the Araucanians in Chile, and also in the Chaco in both Argentina and Paraguay. The founder of this Society was the

lamented Captain Allan Gardiner, and his tragic fate has served as a stimulus in the splendid work now being done by those who have come after him.

Finally, the Inland-South America Missionary Union, generally known as the" John Hay Mission, " from the name of its founder and present leader, which has its center at Villarica, Paraguay, is reaching out into the great State of Matto Grosso, Brazil, and has already established a station among the Tenenas and visited the savage Bororos for the purpose 01 beginning a work in a region where there is considerable population.

It will be seen that these efforts are altogether uncorrelated, and, as a result, but little real advance has been made. The independent missions are poorly equipped and have but few workers, and the great Boards do not seem to have been able to enter on a work distinctly for the Indian..

SUGGESTION:S FOR A PROGRAM It is now time to make a united approach to this problem of the evangelization of the pure Indian by the evangelical churches, and the writer makes the following suggestions as to organization: (a) The formation of an interdenominational committee for the sole purpose of prosecuting this work among the pagan Indians of Latin-America. Such an organization might be effected under the general guidance of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin-America, which is already responsible for a number of cooperative enterprises in this mission field. Such a Board would assume the direction of the cooperating bodies, finance the work, and secure the appointment of missionaries because of their peculiar fitness for this form of service, rather than because of any particular ecclesiastical affiliation.

(b) When such a central Board is organized, under its direction strategic centers should be established from which the missionaries could most readily penetrate into the surrounding territory by means of the natural waterways and land routes. Each center would be responsible for the eventual evangelization of a distinctive ethnic group-such as the Araucanians in Chili, the Chibchas in Colombia, the Quechuas or the Aymaras in Peru and Bolivia, and the Mayas in Mexico-and its missionaries wQuld learn the language and customs of this one people.

(c) In case the organization of such a cooperative committee or board does not appear possible, then the Mission Boards that are interested in this problem should apportion among themselves the primary responsibility for these different groups, much as territorial responsibility was apportioned in Mexico under the "Cincinnati Plan," allowing each one to work out its distinctive problem in its own time and manner.

1922J UNOCCUPIED FIELD OF LATIN AMERICA

UNREAOHED INTELLEOTUAL CLASSES An even more important unoccupied field of Latin America is that of the intellectual, cultured classes, generally known as the aristocracy. This field is especially important, because on the good will and personal interest of its members in evangelical work depends the future of the work among all classes on the continent. Although practically all the members of this class are Roman Catholic in name, only the women are faithful to their vows. The men, as a rule, openly confess their lack of interest in religion in general, and their distrust and dislike of that special form to which they have been accustomed. Of university students, for example, not more than ten per cent can be said to be even friendly to Catholicism, another ten per cent opposes it, and the remainder are indifferent to all forms of religious thought. Viscount Bryce, a keen observer, after his journey through South America wrote as follows: "The intellectual life and the ethical standards of conduct of these countries seem to be entirely divorced from religion. The women are almost universally practicing Catholics, and so are the peasantry, though the Christianity of the Indians bears only a distant resemblance to that of Europe. But men of the upper or educated class appear wholly indifferent to theology and Christian worship. It has no interest for them …… The absence of 8 religious foundation for thought and conduct is a grave misfortune for Latin-America.' , That he has not overstated the situation might be proved by reading the declarations of many of the intellectuals of almost any one of the various countries. One, a Brazilian, recently said to his class in the law school: "The Catholic faith is dead. There is no longer confidence in Christian dogma. The supernatural has been banished from the domain of science. The conquests of philosophy have done away with the old preconception of spirituality…… The simple spirit refrains from all criticism and accepts the idea of God without resistance. The cultured spirit repels the idea, in virtue of its inherent contradictions."

Another, an Argentine, has written: "This life has its finality in itself. We shall not be happier while on the life earth because of the invention of a myth, more or less ingenious, as to the existence of another beyond the tomb."

These men cannot be blamed because of the extreme position they occupy in regard to matters spiritual. Catholicism is, for them, synonymous with Christianity. Unable, as thinking sensible men, to accept the superstitious practices of the Church about them, repelled by the failure of its official representatives to practice in their own . lives the precepts they are supposed to teach others, shocked at the puerility of much of its teachings, they have swung to the other extreme of the are, and, with no practical knowledge of a purer form

of Christianity, largely due to the failure of the evangelicals to interest themselves in this rank of society, they have frankly declared their belief that all religion is useless, and God a myth.

Among some of the evangelical missionaries on the field the belief seems to have prevailed that since Christ preached to the poor, it is still necessary to limit the preaching of today to the unlettered. forgetting that He first confounded the doctors in the Temple and afterward called the learned Saul of Tarsus to be the principal expounder of His doctrines. The line of least resistance has led the missionary forces to work among the laboring classes, disputing with the Catholics this important field, to the neglect of both the native son of the soil and the intellectual classes. Few native ministers have been prepared who can preach acceptably to a cultured audience and, as a result, the adherents of the evangelical churches in all Latin America are, as a rule, from the ranks of the proletariat.

The cultured classes, in consequence, have come to look on evangelical Christianity as suited only to the illiterate, and the strong caste feeling that prevails prevents their learning at first hand from attendance on the services, our real doctrines and practices. Moreover, the average Protestant chapel, too often but an unadorned rented room in a dark street, with its consecrated but poorly prepared preacher, has no more attraction for the cultured resident of these countries than would such a service, under the ministry of a sable preacher, in one of the back streets of one of our southern cities, offer to the cultured Southerner.

Accustomed to the lights and the swinging censers, the incenseladen air and the gorgeous vestments of the clergy intoning the mass in an unknown tongue, which calls for no concentration of thought on the part of the listener, the walls covered with gaudily decorated images, each with its flaming altar before which prayer may be made to this or that saint, the Roman Catholic finds even the best Protestant church dismal and cold. Add to the unusual barrenness of surroundings that characterizes these churches and chapels in Latin- America the presence of a speaker who is, in his preparation, often but a little above the generally illiterate people to whom he preaches, and it is not strange that cultured thinking men are not attracted to the services.

THE SOLUTION OF Tms PROBLEM 1. Key up all missionary educational institutions by means of generous subsidies which will enable the missionary teacher to edu- . cate as well as instruct. Instead of having to adopt an opportunist program because of the necessity of self-support, it should be possible to offer cultural courses that will prepare our students for intelligent participation in all spheres of national and social endeavor.

UNOCCUPIED FIELDS OF LATIN AMERICA

2. More adequately prepare the ministry by means of high-grade seminaries strategically distributed throughout the field.

3. Erect houses of worship in accordance with the ecclesiastical architecture of the country, in which God may be worshiped in a dig- nified manner, yet without yielding to the desire for gaudy decoration that too often prevails.

4. Establish lectureships on Christian Apologetics, to be filled by outstanding lecturers and preachers, sent out each year for this purpose.

5. Exchange professorships be- tween the universities of the two Americas in order that represen- tative intellectuals of our land, al- though they may not go with a distinctly Christian message, may interpret our ideals to the Latin Americans, and the professors from the South take back to their own people the inspiration which they would receive in our centers of thought.

That the time is psychological for such effort is shown by the friendly attitude of the men who stand high in intellectual circles, and show their appreciation of Christian truth when it is pre- HOW fNDIANS LIVE IN COLOMBIA sented to them in an attractive .

manner and in their own tongue. One such man, a lawyer in one of the South American capitals, wrote to a Protestant educator whom he had heard discussing some of the principles of Christian educa- tion, and said: "The noble and sane ideas which you advanced in your address, to which I listened with the closest attention, are the same which I, in the nebulosity of my own mind, have been feeling after. I want to say to you that you have exactly translated my ~wn feelings and convictions, which I myself can not express. ' , These two unoccupied fields of Latin America constitute a tremendous responsibility for the churches of evangelical North America, a responsibility ihat cannot be shifted to others and which ought to stir Christian people to immediate and effitlient action.

MeAll Mission

T HE fiftieth anniversary of the McAll Mission 'in France, founded in 1872 by Dr. Robert W. McAll, was held in Paris and other Mission centers during the week of June 25th to July 2d. A large number of prominent delegates came together not only from the French cities and towns but from America, England, Scotland, Holland and Switzerland. The celebration included addresses by the director, Pasteur Guex and other workers and delegates; receptions, public meetings and visits to McAll centers. At St. Quentin a new building was dedicated to take the place of that destroyed during the war. This includes an auditorium, class rooms, gymnasium, director's apartment and a playground for children. One evening was spent visiting "Ie Bon Messager," the mission boat which goes through the rivers and canals in France .carrying the Good News. Another visit was to the School for Young Evangelists in which twenty young women have been preparing for Christian work at home and abroad. Visits to outlying stations included Amieus. Desvres, Marseilles, Nice and Rouen, where a new Fraternite has been opened. The McAn Mission not only conducts its schools and halls <"f evangelism, but has also an orphan home and vacation colonies.

The delegates were much impressed 'and enthused by what they saw of the work. France is passing through a crisis, as are other peoples of Europe. The tendencies toward socialism, materialism and indifference to religion must be counteracted by such work as that carried on by the McAn Mission and the evangelical churches of France. The Mission gives a clear Gospel message by word of mouth and by Christlike service. The results are seen in transformed lives, in families united and purified, and in Christians educated in the Bible teachings and trained for Christian service.

898

@ B B S T MBTHODS ® }. wum",uw .iu'iiAi' ~'Udb" .. oda '''dati

EDITED BY MR>l. E. C. CRONK. 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND. VA.

SOLVING EVERYDAY PROBLEMS I N MEETING effectively the everyday problems lies the success or failure of missionary societies. The testing time is not some great crisis. The greatest difficulty is not some outstanding rock with smooth sailing on either side if once it is successfully passed. TI~ere is no magic key to successful meetings. Success is to those who faithfully meet the problems of every day. No annual flare of enthusiasm or biennial revival of interest will bear us on to our goals. No spectacular methods which occasionally attract large crowds are sufficient. The regular, steady advance of the church and 'the society which carefully meet the every- day opportunities and solve the everyday problems is the advance that counts in missionary success.

lIIEETING THE SHORTAGE IN DAYS upon their menu and work out full Among the various shortages to be details of the luncheon. The luncheon considered is the alarming shortage in is free to all other members of the days. There are not enough days in Federation. Membership' in anyone the week for all the meetings we want to hold. The First M. E. Church of of the three societies constitutes mem- . Germantown, Pa., has successfully bership in the Federation. When the met the problem of not enough days in Federation was first inaugurated ten the week. women made a sufficiently large com- mittee and $10 could easily finance The women of First Methodist the cost of provision, but our plan has Episcopal Church of Germantown, gained such popularity that we are Philadelphia, have combined their now serving each month about 140 three largest organizations, Wom';n's women and our committee has been Foreign Missionary Society, Women's increased as necessity demanded until Home Missionary Society, and Parish twenty hostesses are now needed. Auxiliary into a Federation which meets on the second Tuesday of each This gives a working capital of $20. month. The first meeting is held A careful list of all expenditures is from 11 to 12: 30, with luncheon .at kept by the committee each month 12: 30; second meeting, 2 to 3: 30 ; and tabulated for reference. No third meeting, 3: 30 to 5 o'clock. The donations are accepted. The full cost societies advance consecutively as to of the luncheon must come out of the hour of meeting so that no society has fund. a monopoly upon what might be considered the most' desirable time. The following advantages have grown out of our Federation plan: 1. Only one day a month need be given to these meetings instead of For the luncheon, a committee of three separate afternoons.

hostesses is selected for each month. 2. We have one fine Federation These women are chosen alphabet- Day to which we can always invite ically from lists of the three societies. newcomers.

They pay one dollar each on the day 3. The meeting of the hostess com- they serve. They meet and decide mittee to arrange for the luncheons 899

and the preparing of the meal gives terest was so great a class in the home twenty women an opportunity for mission book followed.

intimate acquaintance. CARRIE KmSCHNER.

4. People who never had a real in- terest in foreign missions will come COLLECTING MONEY AND CON- to one of the other two meetings and SERVING TIME invariably hear something they never It yet remains true that in many would have heard otherwise, and vice missionary societies one half of the versa. hour for meeting is consumed by the treasurer in the' receipt of monthly 5. The fellowship of the luncheon dues. The treasurer sits with her on Federation Day promotes socia- record book in hand while the membility among our whole body of bers file up to her to know how much women. they owe. The money is paid and the change is made while the other mem- 6. An aggressive society soon out- bers of the society wait. grows the accommodations of most modern homes and the entertainment Many societies are introducing the devolves upon a few women. In our duplex envelope. One side is for the new plan every woman shares the re- regular missionary offering, the other sponsibility of hostess on the same for a contingent or administration basis of cost and labor. fund which pays for literature and administration expenses in the local Each of the three societies conducts society and also in the state or synodits own meeting as if it were a sep- ical society and in the national soarate organization. There is, how- ciety. No time is wasted in collecting ever, an Executive Committee com- money in meetings. Every member posed of equal representation from knows by her envelopes whether she all three societies which functions in is paid up or not. No extra offerings all matters pertaining to the general are required to meet incidental exconduct of the Federation or in mat- penses. The Treasurer can make her ters which affect the whole body of entries carefully at the time that suits women in the church. This Commit- her best. tee usually reports at the luncheon hour.

There has been an increase in mem- bership of about fifty per cent. in HOW THEY DO IT each of the societies since the adop- Practical workers tell how they tion of the federation plan. meet everyday problems.

MRS. EDWARD A. BLEOKWELL. HOME EDITIONS OF SUM MER DOWN TOWN MISSION STUDY SCHOOLS: "Only a few of our con- gregation ever attend a missionary A missionary society tried a mis- conference or summer school. This sion study class meeting around at year we carefully selected delegates different homes. The attendance con- from e;very organization with the un- tinued to go lower and lower until it derstanding that they would take reached three. One woman saw that careful notes and reproduce the sum- if it were possible to have a place of mer school in miniature when they meeting in the shopping district many came home. We held a week's insti- women could be there. She arranged tute for our entire congregation with meetings in the Director's Office at delegates giving courses in Bible her husband's business house. She study, mission study and the other added to his office equipment her subjects presented, and closing with electric percolator, and served tea and the pageant given at the summer wafers. The attendance increased to school.' , sixteen. After completing the study FLOOR MAPS: Wall maps we know of the foreign mission book the in- and table maps, and even lap maps

BEST METHODS

but here are mlsSlOuary floor maps: drags. Speakers no longer take "1 draw on the floor of our Sunday- twenty minutes when they are given school building maps of countries we five. Our entire meeting is more are studying. The children gather alert than formerly because of the around and locate mission stations. businesslike little woman who sits The chalk marks can easily be erased pleasantly but firmly with a watch in with a mop." hand, and who allows barely enough STORY POSSIBILITIES: "As a result margin to keep the meeting from beof a story telling class, a dozen or ing mechanical."

more teachers in our Sunday-school EXCHANGE DELEGATE: "Each so- are learning to tell stories. They ciety in our church elects a delegate have an equipment of missionary to attend the meetings of the other story books and leaflets and are ready societies or organizations, either regu- to tell a story in any meeting or or- larly or at least once during the year. ganization of the church when called At every meeting of the Children's on. A short missionary story is told Society an official representative of every Sunday in each department of the Women's Society is present. The the Sunday-school." children in turn send one of their MEN'S MISSION STUDY CLASS: members to the Women's Society each "The women of the church served a month with a three-minute verbal hot supper at the church every report on the progress of their Thursday night for six weeks to all work."

the men who joined the class. This LIBRARY PLANS: " Our church made it possible for business and pro- council has decided to have every fessional men to come to the class member of the congregation read at without the long trip home and back least two of the following books dur- again. Twenty-five cents was charged ing this year: "The Trend of the for the supper which was actual cost. Races; ,, , 'In the Vanguard of a No individual or organization in our church is allowed to make any profit Race· " "Building with India'" on any meals served. Our only pur- "India on the March;" "Lighted 'to pose is to promote sociability and to Lighten. )' There will be a special make it possible for busy people to honor roll on which the names of all attend meetings. If there should be' those who read the five books will be posted. Every member who cares to any profit it is used to meet the def- do so will buy a copy of each of the icit on some other occasion. The members of the class always had a books to be read and pass it on, ac- delightful time at supper together, cording to a careful plan. In addi- and entered heartily in the discussion tion, the church will buy a number, which followed." of copies of each book to be placed in the hands of directors of divisions in A TIMEKEEPER DID IT: "Our So- ciety had lapsed into the habit of be- our reading contest. The children ginning late, and running late and have a special contest using "The • stopping late. An official timekeeper Wonderland of India;" the "Magic was appointed. She quietly tapped a Box" and "A Child's Garden of bell at the time to begin the meeting. verse in India. " If no one was present but herself and the president the meeting was begun. CHURCH CABINET: "In olden days Members soon learned the meetings every organization in our church was were going to begin on the minute a law unto itself. Now we have a Church Cabinet composed of the pas- and began to arrive on time. The tor and one representative from every timekeeper was given the schedule of organization in the church. The rethe meeting. She unostentatiously sult is that our work is carefully and called time on the various features of cooperatively planned for the whole the program. Business no longer church."

FURLOUGHED MISSIONARIES ferent types of talks suitable for vari- (Continued from July) ous occasions. Some little curio or How may furloughed missionaries object of interest carried in the pocket be more effective in their home or traveling bag, ready for display as churches? an introduction is sure to enlist a hearing if he should be called on to This question was asked of mission- speak to a Sunday-school or children's ary leaders in local churches and here society; a story of girlhood ready for the young women's meeting and so are some of the answers: "Furloughed missionaries are miss- on. He might also make opportunity ing a great opportunity for publicity to speak if he were prepared in this because they so seldom present their way. I knew one missionary who al- cause through the city and county ways went to the superintendent of papers. They make careful prepara- schools in whatever city he visited and tion to give their message to the com- told him he would like to tell his girls paratively small audiences who -will and boys some stories of Africa. He hear them in the churches. Yet many knew exactly what he wanted to do mL<;sionaries who would never think and prepared himself to do it excep- of saying, 'I shrink from such public- tionally well, so that he soon became ity as speaking to an audience' will known as an especially good speaker miss the far larger audiences who are for boys and girls. He was really no not in the church but who do read the better than dozens of others but he papers. selected stories from his experience "I always avoid reporters. I shrink that were especially interesting to from newspaper publicity" said one boys and girls, carefully prepared missionary with boastful humility. them, and tactfully made opportunity We should get out of this old rut of to use them. When there seemed no thought. Every speaker should pre- opening to speak in a Sunday-school pare his message for the press as care- he would say to the superintendent: fully as he prepares his message for 'Now if you'll give me exactly seven the pulpit. The reason we have so minutes this morning, I'll tell your much poor and undesirable pUblicity school about an African boy whom is that we have such unprepared pub- their gifts helped to bring to licity. If every missionary who plans .Christ.' " .. .. .. an itinerary would select excerpts from his addresses and have them "Tell them to give us more stories mimeographed for the papers he from the field. To say 'the gospel would more than quadruple his au- is advancing in India,' does not make dience. half as much impression as the true If he prepared also statements story of some man or woman who has about conditions, progress, and pros- become a Christian."

pects in his field that could be used as an interview, many papers would FURLOUGH TRAGEDIES give such facts a wide publicity. A missionary family came home on The average reporter who comes to furlough. For seven years they had a missionary meeting is about as much been looking forward to that home at home as a missionary would be in coming. During the days in China, the Stock Exchange. If a carefully when the father was out on his long prepared statement of important facts, journeys and some of the children had giving the conditions, needs and con- to be sent away from home to attend clusions reached is handed the re- an English school, they looked for- porter he. can supply the local color ward to that furlough year together.

to make a good story. During those seven years of drain they "It would be a good plan for our reached out toward the one year of missionaries to be prepared with dif- spiritual refreshing.

BEST METHODS 903 –

When they reached America their mention of India, its needs arid oppor- income was so limited and rents so high it was impossible for them to get . . tunities and made no missionary ap- a house in the university city in which the father was to study, so the father plication whatever. rented one room and did his own housekeeping in the university city, … the oldest child stayed at a grand- mother's to save expense and went to A missionary came home to rest and school, and the overworked mother build up and bring information and overworked further in trying to keep inspiration to the home church. He down expenses for herself and the reversed the order and put the rest three little children in a small town last. When he landed, an invitation which had the one advantage of low to address an important convention rents. greeted him. Another and another followed, all of them so important When, during her furlough year, an that he felt -he could not decline. invitation came to address a great Large funds were to be secured for meeting in a distant state she decided new buildings. Without any rest or it was worth while, so her mother came chance for study he rushed from one to stay with the children and the mis- place to another. In the meantime sionary made the necessary and dif- a crisis arose in his mission and he was ficult readjustments to guarantee the called back to the field before his fur- smooth running of the domestic ma- lough was over. Within a year he chinery, travelled two days and a broke down completely and had to re- night and arrived at the place of meet- turn home, a semi-invalid for life. ing. The meeting began ten minutes late. The choir gave a long and strik- FROM MISSIONARY DIARIES ingly inappropriate musical program. The pastor talked at length on the They reveal some of the methods of Scripture lesson. The president of recuperation, also some causes of fur- the missionary soeiety gave a fifteen lough exhaustion. . minute talk. Ten minutes was occu- pied with the introduction of the " Have spoken in ten different speaker. At 9: 30, the hour at which cities in ten days. Feel a bit ex- most of the congregation confidently hausted. I wonder whether we would not really accomplish more if we made . . expected to go home, the speaker was every seventh day a day of rest even in the Lord's work. When we speak introduced! …. She had spent four- on Sunday I believe that we should teen years in Africa! take Monday for complete rest. I feel very weary and I recognized the lack … of challenge in my last talks."

A great audience was assembled to * … • hear a missionary from India. Big business men were there who were "What a wonderful hostess I have used to considering big' propositions. at this place. At the train she took They might have endowed hospitals. charge of my baggage and. looked Women were there whose hearts were after my Pullman reservations for my tender. They might have taken into outgoing journey. Now I am in my their hearts the suffering women and room with these blessed words in children of India. Young men were my ear, 'You have three hours to your- there and young women who were con- self before lunch. I have asked that no sidering wl}ere their lives would count for the most. They might have given . . one call until after lunch. Rest or their lives for India. read or write as you please.' " The missionary preached a sermon on the" Ten Virgins" with scarcely a …

"Unusual experience number one! My host said upon my arrival, 'I'm a busy man myself and I travel a lot. I know how correspondence accumu- lates when one is traveling. If you

want a stenographer this morning I'll the closing features of the program and give the missionary a real chance send mine over to the house and you .. .. .. to deliver a real message. can get all of these letters out of your system that are keeping you awake at night.' What a wonderful help that Boards who have a hostess to meet will be!" incoming boats, welcome missionaries, .. .. * arrange appointments with dentists, "Met a woman who told me that oculists and other specialists; who ~very morning before she goes to her act as shoppers' guide and give the day's work she prays for me. The most information and help needed, as well encouraging thing I have discovered as furnish the warm glow of real welon my furlough is the prayer that is …… come. being offered daily for the mission- aries. " ••• A'utomobile owners who. thought- fully provide transportation from , 'Have spoken at three churches to- stations, and to and from speaking appointments, with restful rides in day. It seems strange that no one between.

thought of arranging for me to be * … ..

taken from one church to another. Friends who help to arrange trips to inspiring summer conferences. Each chairman wrote the hour at which I was expected to arrive. I realize now that I spent more time and energy in finding the churches Those who also quietly and unos- tentatiously add efficiency equipment and in walking than I did in speak- to the missionary outfit. .. .. … ing. "

"The hardest thing about my furlough is that my wife has to give most Friends who send tickets for good musical events or literary lectures. … .. .. of her time to petty economies and hard work at home while I visit the churches. A year's training in the Choir leaders who choose inspiring Kindergarten School at the University ~ missionary hymns instead of soothing would mean so much in her work but lullaby selections to follow missionary we cannot afford it. Sometimes I addresses. * .. * wonder whether our mission can afford for her not to have it." Intercessors who constantly hold up THESE MAKE FURLOUGHS .. missionary hands through prayer. WORTH WHILE .. '"

All who eliminate the note of pity The Boards that furnish homes and from their conversation and their apartments for their furloughed mis- thinking and put in its place a note of sionaries in seminary or university loyal understan..d.i.n.g c*o' operation. centers, and maintain mIssIOnary headquarters at Chatauqua or other Anyone anywhere who helps in any Conference grounds to make possible way to give the missionary, in that attendance at some of the great Sum- priceless furlough year, opportunities mer Schools or Winter Schools in for: .America. Physical upbuilding.

*** Study.

Hostesses who give missionaries a Relaxation and recreation.

chance for quiet rest between speak- Inspiration.

ing engagements. Association with his own family. Helpful contact with others. .. • * Program makers who omit most of A chance to give his message to the the introductory and likewise most of home Church.

BEST METHODS

PITFALLS FOR THE UNWARY those who are too jumpy and nervous HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY gives – eight for any such refreshment 1 suggestions for giving Missions a fair 5. Holding the meeting in a dark, chance in the Missionary Meeting. dusty, unattractive, cold room. .An The path of the program maker is attractive meeting place is the foundanot a macadamized road. On the tion of a good missionary meeting. By contrary it is full of ruts and mud the way, why do the chairs always holes and big rocks and sloughs of have to be set in stiff rows Y Why despond. It is just as well to warn can't we draw up around a table, sort – the chairman of the program com- of sociable like, and pass pictures mittee of these in advance, so she will around and talk about the subject of not get her expectations up. I may the meeting in an informal way Y mention a few of the perils of the There is no law against having posies in the room, or open windows, or road. dusted piano tops. First, there is the rut, deadliest of 6. The intrusion of business items all. It is so easy to get into a rut, and on the time that ought to be spent on so hard to get out, and a rutty pro- the program; spending, as Mrs. Peagram always means a poorly attended body says, a considerable time on missionary meeting. Not to carry my inconsiderable items of business-defigure further, for I see it is going to bating a half hour whether you shall be hard sledding to prolong the agony, serve chicken salad at the next tea, or I will list a few: whether the decorations shall be pink or yellow. Why not commit all busi- 1. Long, musical program wherein ness items to committees, who shall the sopranos warble sweetly some make a report of their findings and luscious love song and take up the have the report either adopted or retime that ought to be given to the mis- fused f This will take only a minute, sionaries. If you must have special and will not wear out the audience music, make it missionary; but why with the difficulty of making up its not have congregational singing in- mind between several courses of acstead of special music'

2. Long devotional exercises. The tion. leader of the devotional exercises 7. The absence of the prayer spirit. chooses some exceedingly long and not This is a real trouble with a good wholly appropriate chapter in the many programs. They are not found- ed in prayer, nor given in prayer, nor Bible, and reads it through, ruthlessly. accompanied by prayer, nor followed Even salt is to be used sparingly for by prayer. Why not stop to pray just savor, and the salt of the Word is no after you have heard a particularly exception to this rule. appealing presentation of a topic ¥ Why not interject prayer during the 3. Long prayers. This failing is progress of the program V-Real not so frequent as some others, per- prayer; definite prayer. haps, but I have heard long and inappropriate prayers that quenched S. Lack of preparation. This most the spirit of the entire meeting. frequently comes from what Mrs.

4. Lack of preparation on the part Peabody calls being "uncooked."

of the speakers. Why tolerate, at this Programs are presented raw, without date, the woman who gets up and careful preparation in advance, and reads a tract, mispronouncing all the stUdying over every detaiL If genius foreign names, stumbling over all the is an infinite capacity for taking pains, long words, reads in a monotone, and surely our program committees can puts all her audience to sleep except have genius if they will.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK INTERRACIAL COOPERATION enlist their thOO'ough-going support in a special program of education on the subject The Commission on Interracial Co- for a period of at least five years. operation (416 Palmer Building, Atlanta, Ga.), has issued a handbook "5. To secure and distribute accurate on interracial cooperation. This sur- knowledge of the facts regarding racial revey of agricultural, educational, so- lations and racial attitudes in general, and cial, civic, welfare and missionary regarding particular situations that may be forces is positively heartening, as one under discussion' from time to time. takes into consideration the large number of leading personalities, col- "6. To develop a public conscience which ored and white, listed from all parts will secure for the Negro equitable provision of the country, as also the large total for education, health, housing, recreation of increasing funds released for use and all other aspects of community welfare. in positive and constructive helpfulness. " 7. To encourage efforts for the welfare of Negro workers and the imPJ'ovement of The Commission on the Negro and relations between employers, Negro workers. Race Relations of the Federal Coun- and white workers.· cil has enunciated the following statement of principles: "8. To make more widely known in the churches the work and principles of the "Recognizing one God as the Father of Commission on Interracial Cooperation, and especially to support its efforts to establish local interracial committees.

"9. To seCure the presentation of the problem of race relations and of the ()hris- tian solution by white and Negro speakers at as many, church gatherings as possible throughout the country."

all, and conceiving mankind as His family, In carrying out these principles the we are convinced that all races are so bound together in an organic unity that only on various Boards in their work for Negroes have large responsibilities. the basis of brotherhood can satisfactory What more effective agencies of co- operatI•On have t here been through the relations be secured. The llhristian con- years than the Boards which have ception of God and man constrains us to poured out treasure and life for Negro believe wholeheartedly that the races should youth in helping to dispel ignorance, and can live together in mutual helpfulness soften preJ'udice, develop character and good-will, each making its own con- and train leadership? The values of interracial cooperation hang on two tribution to the richness of the human family as a whole and cooperating with the others in seeking the common good.

"We, therefore, set forth the following as the purposes which this Commission will seek to serve: hinges-one, the willingness of white "1. To assert the sufficiency of (lhris- leaders to confer with Negro leaders tianity as the solution of race relations in and cooperate with them; the other, America and the duty of the churches and the existence of educated Negro leadall their organizations to give the most care- ers possessed of the Spirit of Christ ful attention to this question. and willing to assume responsibility f or better thm' gs. 1Iave not mission "2. To provide a central clearing house schools been most largely responsible and meeting place for the churches and for for the creation of this second group' all Christian agencies dealing with the relation of the white and Negro races, aud to encourage and suppOO't their activities along this line. Is it not also true that the very pres- "3. To promote mutual confidence and ence of a well-conducted Christian acquaintance, both nationally and locally, educational institution, social center between the white and Negro churches, espe- or intelligently-led church for Negroes in a town or city is a most effective cially by state and local conferences be- center for real cooperation? It must tween white and Negro ministers, Christian educators and other leaders, for the COn- also be recognized tbat it is through sideration of their common problems. missionary service that channels of "4. To array the sentiment of the Christian churches against mob violence and to 906 good-will and fellowship are kept open Self-Determination between colored and white denominations in the same great households of THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE A:MERICAN NEGRO Protestant faith." Four things we will not do, in spite of all POEMS TO USE IN MISSION That demons plot for our decline and fall; We bring four benedictions which the meek STUDY· Unto the proud are privileged to speak, Four gifts by which amidst all stern-browed By LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL races .The following poems and others bf Leslie We move with kindly hearts and shining Pinckney Hill, a Negro, are found In "The faces . Wings of Oppression, II pub1ished by The Stratford Company. Boston, Mass., and are here We will not oote. Law, custom, creed and used by permission of the publishers.-Editor. caste, In the Foreword to the volume of All notwithstanding, here we hold us fast. poems, entitled "The Wings of Op- Down through the years the mighty ships of pression" by Leslie Pinckney Hill, the author says: " The Negro has state been driven under all the burdens of Have all been broken on the rocks of hate. oppression, both material and spiritual, to the brink of desperation, but We wt11 not ceMe to laugh and multiply. he has always been saved by his We slough off trouble and refuse to die. philosophy of life. He has advanced The Indian stood unyielding stark and grim; against all opposition by a certain We saw him perish, and we learned of him elevation of his spirit. He has been To mix a grain of philosophic mirth made strong in tribulation. He has With all the crass injustices of earth. constrained oppression to give him wings. We will not use the ancient carnal tools. These never won, yet centuries of schools, "In (some of the) poems ….1 have Of priests, and all the work of brush and desired to exhibit something of this indestructible spiritual quality of my pen race. In the others I have wished Have not availed to win the wisest men merely to be brought into harmony From futile faith in battleship and shell: with currents of thought and feeling We see them fall, and mark that folly well. common to all humanity. I trust that there may be in all at least an im- We will not waver in our loyalty. plied appeal to that spirit of human No strange voice reaches us across the sea; brotherhood by which alone the world No crime at home shall stir us from this soil. must find the path to peace." Ours is the guerdon, ours the blight of toil; But raised above it by a faith sublime My Race We choose to suffer here and bide our time.

My life were lost, if I should keep And if we hold to this, we dream some day A hope-forlorn and gloomy face, Our countrymen will follow in our way.

And brood upon my ills and weep Companionship And mourn the travail of my race. I closed the door and turned the key Who are my brothers' Only those And spread my book upon my knee, Who wear my own complexion swart' But though I pondered well that lore, I ended wanting something more. Ah no, but all through whom there flows The blood·stream of a manly heart. I called a comrade friend to share My quiet room. His speech was fair, Wherever the light of dreams is shed, His spirit high, his discourse wide, And faith and love to toil are bound, But I was still unsatisfied.

There will I stay to break my bread, Then in the stillness all alone FOJ: there my kinsmen will be found. My soul rose up to claim her Own Inviolable right to be, ·From the report of the Committee on Negro o Father, face to face with Thee. Americans of the Home Missions Councn and Divine Aftinity the Councll of Women for Home MIssIons. copIes of the Annual Report of the Home Mis- 'Twere vain, 0 God, in me to tell Thy potency divine: sions Councn and the Council of Women for Home MISSions which contains full reports of all Omniscience surely knoweth well committees may be obtained from the Council of How much of me is Thine. Women for Home Missions, 1513 Fifth Avenue. New York, N. Y., at one dollar each. As is the steel to the magnet bar, As to the rose the bee, The earth to its compelling star, So am I God, to Thee.

The Teacher for Alaska will begin when the pro- posed changes have been accom- Lord, who am I to teach the way plished. To little ehildren day by day, So prone myself to go astray' Under ten different denominations there are no less than 113 mission I teach them 'know'ledge, but I know stations in Alaska, with 171 mission- How faint they flicker and how low aries, conducted at an annual expense The candles of my knowledge glow. of $208,486, in addition to money con- tributed by people in Alaska. Certain I teacb them power to will and do, independent bodies, the Greek Cath- But only now to learn anew olics and Roman Catholics, also main- My own great weakness through and through. tain missions. There are still six large areas unoccupied by missionary I teach them love for all mankind workers. Three of these have already And all God's creatures, but I find been assigned by mutual agreement to My love comes lagging far behind. different denominations and will soon be cared for. Lord, if their guide I still must be, Oh let the little children see The teacher leaning hard on Thee.

ALASKA· WINTER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS A year ago the Committee on ST. PETERSBURG, FLA., Jan. 28-Feb. 2, 1923. AlaSKa concluded its report with this brief paragraph: "The territory of Write for information to Mrs. G. W.

Cooper, 250 North Fifth Ave., St. Peters- burg, Fla. .

Alaska in its diversified interests DE LAND, FLA., Feb. 4-10, 1923. Write to Mrs. John W. Smock, 320 North comes under the authority and con- Boulevard, De Land, Fla. trol of different Departments of the Government; and being, as it is, far DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS from the seat of Government, is FEBRUARY 16, 1923 subject to confusion and mal-administration arising from conflict of in- The annual observance of the Day terests and authority, if froon no of Prayer for Missions will be, as other cause. A careful investigation usual, on the first Friday in Lent, is now being made of these conditions, -February 16, 1923. Last year for with a view to suggesting improve- the first time Canada joined with the ment and relief." United States in observing the same date. An increasing number of pro- It is gratifying now to report that grams are sold, year by year, bethe authorities of the Federal Gov- tokening a growing number of comernment have been busied with plans munities which hold services of tending to simplify the administra- prayer on that day. In most cases tion, and develop the resources of this these are interdenominational meetterritory_ The New York Times of ings. November 13, 1921, said editorially: Plans should be made early so that "Alaska has long endured a system there may be wide pUblicity and the of Government that may be described date will be reserved. November first as a maze of red tape, no less than is none too early to begin. Leaders thirty-eight bureaus at Washington of women's, young people's and chilclaiming and exercising jurisdiction. " dren's groups are especially urged to Now the Governor of the Territory, plan their winter's programs so that the Secretary of the Interior and the the Day of Prayer for Missions has President of the United States have prominent place. Speakers should pronounced publicly in favor of cen- announce the date and impress upon tralizing responsibility and unifying women everywhere personal responadministrative powers. A new day sibility for seeing that the Day is "'From r~port of Committee on Alaska of observed locally. Programs may be Home Missions Council and Council of Women obtained at 2 cents each, $1.50 per for· Home Missions, Dr. Paul de Schwelnitz. hundred.

Chairman.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY SARAH POLHEMUS, 25 lVIADISON AVE., NEW YORK Executive SecTetaTY of the Fedemtion of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions VISITING COLLEGE STUDENTS Miss Clark, Presbyterian. Miss Hall The Federated Student Committee reported in the May number of was formed over a year ago in order to unite the work for missions among ChTistian Education some of the facts relating to these visits: .

students. The committee is composed The series of meetings indicate a of the Student Committees of both new movement of cooperation among the l<~ederation of Women's Boards the women secretaries of the Home of Foreign Missions and the Council and Foreign Missions and Educaof Women for Home Missions and tion Departments of the various includes representatives from such Protestant Churches and the Young other agencies as the Young Women's Women's Christian Association. Christian Association, the Religious Many of the large colleges do not Education Boards and the Student wish to have Church Board secretaries Volunteer Movement. Denomination- coming week after week to their al and Y. W. C. A. secretaries, work- campus to interview the students ining among the students, are also rep- terested. The local Young Women's resented on the committee. Their func- Christian Association aims to further tions are consultative rather than membership and service in the Chrislegislative. It thus serves to coordi- tian Church, a purpose which has nate all the work for women students been only partially carried out. The carried on qy various agencies on the women secretaries of the Church Boards desired to find some new field. The topics for special interest to method of approach so that their the committee are the Student Sum- visits might call the attention of stumer Conferences, Vocational Guidance dents to the place of the Church in the and the Women's Christian Colleges life of people to-day. Secretaries go- ing independently to a campus touched in the Orient. Under Vocational Guidance visits mostly only their own groups, while a paid to the larger colleges and uni- united visit reaches all Church memversities by groups of mission board bers and others not affiliated with any rep~esentatives are outstanding Church. Such conferences also focus achIevements. These visits have been their attention upon the opportunity tried out in the University of Wash- of Church work after college and can ington, Washington State Agricul- stress the constructive program of all Churches in their home and foreign tUunriavlerCsiotylleogfe,ChUicnaigvoe,rsWiteylleosfleyI,dNaheo~ program.

Hampshire State, Syracuse Univer- The University of Chicago invited sity and Smith College. A most suc- each Church to send a representative cessful visit was that to Smith Col- there for a union conference and lege, where Miss Agnes Hall of the last January simultaneous meetings Protestant Episcopal Board planned were held for each church group that the three-day program. The secre- had a visiting secretary or local taries in the group included also Miss leader. Following these denomina- tional gatherings a meeting was held Calder, of the Congregational BGroeaernd~· Miss Lytton, Methodist; Miss for all students in the University, and was addressed by representatives ough, Baptist; Miss Pepper Luther- an; Miss Hoyt, Y. W. C: A. and of different denominations. The 909

theme was "The place of religion in the Christian Associations; an illusa college student's life." The fol- trated lecture on "The Church at lowing day was given to interviews Work"; personal interviews; discusby the visiting secretaries. This plan sions on church work and a supper, was considered so successful by the followed by discussion on "The Min- University authorities that they hope istry" and "Foreign Work." to repeat it another year. The fourth experiment in coopera- Last February one of the student tion came at the invitation of the secretaries of the Young Women's Smith College Christian Association Christian Association and the secre- for a visit there last March. The taries of the Baptist, Presbyterian, Lutheran and-Methodist Boards were Congregational and Episcopal also represented in addition to those Churehes visited Wellesley College at who had been at W eHesley and the the invitation of the Christian Asso- program for the three days' visit inciation. On the opening evening cluded a luncheon with the cabinet President Pendleton, and members of of the Christian Association, the the Bible Department of the College, presidents of the Church Clubs and invited the visiting secretaries and the secretaries of the various the cabinet of the Christian Associa- churches, the national student secretion to discuss the general problems tary of the Christian Association and in religious life on the WeHesley the local secretary of the Young Womcampus. On Sunday afternoon de- en's Christian Association; tea with nominational meetings were held for the members of the Bible Departthose who had Church Board secre- ment, the Advisory Committee of taries. That evening Dr. Calkins, of the Young Women's Christian Asso- Boston, spoke on "The Challenge of ciation and undergraduates; meetthe Church" at the evening chapel ing of the Y. W. C. A. with Mr. Gorservice and followed by an open don Gilkey, of Springfield, speaking forum. The following days were on "The Challenge of the Church." given over to personal interviews for The local ministers of Northampton each secretary with her own students. were invited to this meeting and fol- Girls were especially eager to know lowing this an infQrmal discussion about the course in Social Religious was held for the local ministers and Education given at Teachers' College the secretaries in an effort to suggest and wished definite information about new ways in which the local churches possibilities for scholarships in that could serve college students. Then course. Each secretary reported that came interviews; luncheon with the she accomplished all that she would Student Volunteers and the foreign have accomplished if she had gone students of the college; conference alone and in addition there was a very definite expression on the part of the for those interested in work in the students due to the fact that the sec- Home Church; conferences on work retaries of several denominations of Home Missions, work of Foreign would come together indicating a Missions, Opportunities in Religious spirit of Church cooperation. and Social Education in the Young Women's Christian Association and At the State College at Durham, Sunday School Work; simultaneous New Hampshire, the plan included meetings of the denominations which men and women and was under the had a visiting secretary. leadership of the Secretary of Christian work with the help of the Y. W. This experiment has proved valu- C. A. workers and Baptist and Con- able from the point of view of the gregational Church secretaries. The local people and from that of outprogram included an address on "The siders. All wished to have it ('on- Challenge of the Church"; a meet- tinued another year and felt that it ing of secretaries and presidents of was worth recommending to other women's colleges and universities.

fROM ,l1rANY

LATIN AMERICA hold there a Latin American Baptist A Sunday-school in Brazil convention. Southern Baptists have REV. HERBERT S. HARRIS, labored in Brazil for forty years and secretary of the World's Sunday are represented now in that country School Association for Brazil writes by nearly 300 churches half of them of a Methodist Sunday-school' in Rio self-supporting, 700 preaching stade Janeiro which he visited: "It was the occasion of their annual Chil- Rtioions,by30,a000straocntugalcomlleemgeberas~dantdheoa-t dren's Day, also observed as Decision logical seminary.

Day. The pastor had asked me to NORTH AMERICA speak to the school. There must have been about 200 children present be- Our Unchurched Youth sides fifty or more adults. During the singing of the last hymn, those T HE facts brought out at the Sun- day-school Convention at Kansas who had not made a profession of City in June as to the various social their faith in Christ but who then and racial groups of children in this country which are untouched by relidesired to express their purpose to gious teaching were stated in the live Christian lives, were asked to August REVIEW. Statistics showing come down to the altar and give their the detaclnnent of American youth hand in testimony of their purpose, from the teaching of the Church, to the pastor and superintendent. which were presented at the same con- There were eighteen boys and girls vention, have been summarized by the ,,:ho responded. It was a touching Dayton, Ohio, News as follows: sIght to see these young lives dedicating themselves to the Master but I "Nineteen out of every twenty cannot help thinking how much Jewish children, three out of every greater is the responsibility now rest- four Catholic children, two out of every three Protestant children under ing upon that church and school for twenty-five years receive no formal training them up into that life which religious instruction. Or, taking the is Christ. I am thankful that we now country as It whole, seven out of every have in Portuguese a book like Betts' ten children and youth of the United 'How To Teach Religion,' which will States are not being touched in any help prepare the teachers for this way by the educational program of most important and delicate service." any Church. This calls up a vital Baptist Progress in Brazil question-How long maya nation en- T HE Amen.can B apt'lSt inMBSriSa'lzOinl ddure, seven out of ten of whose chil- (Southern Convention) ren and youth receive no systematic is said to be the largest conducted by instruction in the religious and moral Baptists anywhere. It was repre- sanctions upon which its democratic sented by a remarkable exhibit at the institutions restY"

T Rio Exposition. At a convention held Disciples' Annual Convention in Rio, more than five hundred dele- HE annual Convention of the gates were present, some of whom had Disciples of Christ, held at Wino- traveled over two thousand miles to na Lake, Aug. 28-Sept. 3, discussed be present. It is proposed to erect many important questions. Reports also, iI?- that city, a Baptist church from its departments were encouragthat ~Ill equal almost any in North ing. The United Christian Missionary AmerIca, and three years hence to Society announced receipts of $2 702 – 911 ',

730, with a deficit of more than a Progressive Campaign Committee of quarter of a million dollars. In for- the Southern Presbyterian Church, so eign mission fields there were. 3,131 far as the circulation of tithing and baptisms; in mission schools 10,963 Htewardship literatUre is concerned, pupils; contributions from natives are given in detail; also offers of of $179,298.00. The chief subject of practical partnership with denominaearnest discussion was the practice of tional leaders, ministers and indisome missionaries who have received vidual church members who desire to members fro m non-immersionist educate their people in tithing. Upon churches without requiring re-bap- request this pamphlet, with two tism. A number of home churches, others bearing on the same subject, known as "open-membership church- will be sent free to any address by rfhe Layman Company, 35 North es" have followed the same custom. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. The Board of Managers have decided that the mission churches shall receive Missicnaries a.t Home only the immersed, and missionaries are instructed to conform or return T HE northwest district committl.'e home. The Congrega.tionalist com- of the Presbyterian Woman's ments: "As the Disciples claim no Board of Foreign Missions has undercreed but the confession of Peter, and taken to furnish and equip three adhold Christian union to be their ditional four-room apartments in special message, the situation seems Chicago near the University of Chi- cago for the use of miRsionaries on contradictory. " furlough. The University of Chicago rents these apartments to mission- Systematic Giving aries on the dormitory plan. Prince- ton Seminary has recently opened a GREAT as the gifts to benevolences missionary dormitory and Hartford of the Northern Presbyterian Seminary also offers special facilities Church have been, one member points for missionary families on furlough. out the difference between the con- The gift to Northfield Seminary, by tributions per capita of the Northern Miss A. M. Spring, of the site for a and Southern Presbyterian Churches missionary colony property comprisin the following figures: ing over seven acres, to be known as Spring Memorial Gardens will offer Northern Southern homes for missionary families in the Church Church beautiful Massachusetts town.

1919 $7.30 $7.47 Cooperation and Spanish Americans 1920 10.57 11.05 1921 14.84 REV. Josiah H. Heald, D.D., Pres- 9.47 ident of the new Interdenomi- 1922 13.28 national Council of Spanish-speak- 8.28 ing Workers in the Southwest and Superintendent of the Southwest for If the Northern Church had given the Congregational Home Missionary in the same proportion, their gifts Society, writes in the Home Mis.~ion last year would have been $8,784,590 Monthly of the difficulties that have more than was reported to the Gen- attended attempts at cooperation in eral Assembly. The explanation sug- that field, and urges an interdenomgested for this difference is that the inational paper as the most practical leaders in the New Era Movement of means to that end. He sees, however, the Northern Church stressed giving, the problems of getting four or five everybody determining his or her own denominations to join in the underproportion to give. The leaders of taking at one time, of financing the the Progressive Campaign Committee of the Southern Church accept God's terms of proportion, the tenth, to be paid, and hence stressed tithing.

In a pamphlet now in the press entitled "How One Denomination is Succeeding," the methods of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

enterprise, and of securing a suitable Hungarian Protestants in Ameriea editor, and concludes: "If we have enough grace to do one unselfish un- T HERE are approximately 500,000 denominational task like this that I Hungarians in the United States, have tried to set forth, it may later who are organized into ninety-two be possible for us to do even greater Protestant congregations. The Reworks: It remains yet to be proved formed Church in the United States that we have. Meanwhile we face a now has forty-five of these churches big, united, organized opponent, under its jurisdiction. It started ready at every point to take advan- work among these people in 1890, for tage of our weakness and do to us Hungarian immigration did not bepiecemeal what he could not do to us come a pronounced factor in this united. Lacking the grace to be one country until about 1886. In 1907 as our Lord prayed that we might be, Count Degenfelt, repre~enting the we expect Him to save us from the Conventus of the Reformed Church results of our disunion. He won't do of Hungary, visited America and orit, and can't do it!" ganized the Reformed Hungarian Church of America. He induced nine Our Protestant Immigrants of the congregations belonging to the Reformed Church in the United TWELVE of the nineteen organiza- States and a number belonging to the Presbyterian Church, to affiliate them- . tions which· maintain workers in selves with the new organization. the "Social Service Department" at They were constituted into two Class- Ellis Island have Protestant affilia- es known as the Eastern and the tions. The Jewish and Roman Cath- Western. These bodies, now, with a olic societies have developed efficient few exceptions, come into organic conand extensive follow-up systems. They nection with the Reformed Church. are doing a very notable piece of work and obtaining splendid results Some of the independent congregabecause of national and local coopera- tions haTe become affiliated with the tion, but Protestant immigrants com- Protestant Episcopal Church. Serving to America are practically neg- ices are being conducted iIi the Hunlected when it comcs to an adequate garian churches exactly as heretof()re. method of following them up and re- The parishes and missions -retain full lating them to the Protestant agencies rights to call their ministers, with of their community. Before the pres- the approval of the Bishop. One of the ent "Quota Law" went into effect, terms of the agreement is that "the over sixty per cent of those passing "alidity of Baptism and the sufficiency through Ellis Island were Catholics; for admission to Holy Communion of but the present law favors immigra- Confirmation as heretofore administion from the northern Protestant tered by the clergy of the Reformed countries of Europe. From July 1, Church of Hungary, shall beac- 1921, when the law went into effect, cepted…… but hereafter Confirmauntil March 31, 1922, 21,000 English tion shall be administered by people came in, 10,000 Scotch and Bishops. " ~1,000 Scandinavians, making a total of 42,000. People from Protestant Institute for Negroes countries of Europe come and stay. Therefore the greater need for fol- T HE American Church Institute lowing them up. for Negroes is a sort of clearing house for the Protestant Episcopal A comprehensive plan with this Church's educational work for the purpose in view is now being worked Negro race. It began in 1906 and out in the office of the Home Missions has worked in cooperation with Council. Mr. Raymond E. Cole, schools already in existence rather loaned by the Protestant Episcopal than establishing new ones. Each Church, is in charge of this work. school affiliated with the Institute S

must maintain a certain scholastic Anti-Peyote Legislation F standard, and must submit each year RIENDS of the American Indian have long been concerned over the an audited financial report. In the ten church industrial schools, widespread use among them of peyote, under the supervision of the Institute, a narcotic drug, made from the peyote there is an annual enrollment of over bean which is imported from northern 3,000 pupils who are being taught, Mexico and which through scientific under Christian influences, clean liv- investigation of its use has been found very detrimental to physical ing, right thinking and hard work. health, mental sanity and moral con- Over thirty different trades are taught trol. A bill prohibiting its use was and the percentage of pupils in the introduced into the House oj' Reprehigher grades is steadily increasing. sentatives by Representative Hayden of Arizona, anrl It hearing I'D the bill With the Negroes numbering one was held the end of June at which tenth the population of the United representatives of the Indian Bureau, States, the opportunity offered in these schools is of great importance. the various home mission hoards do- One of the leading authorities on the ing work among Indians, the Federal Negro problem has said that the black Council, the W. C. T. U. and other man is notable for two things in par- organizations urged its passage. An- ticular-his religious susceptibility other hearing before the Committee and his "educability." on Judiciary is scheduled for the early autumn. At this hearing repre- Neglect of Navajo ChUdren sentatives of Indians who are users of this drug, who have even organized ATREATY was made with the a church composed of those favoring Navajo Indians in 1868 wherein the peyote cult, will undoubtedly be was promised a schoolhouse and heard. Everyone interested in the teacher for every thirty children of civilizing and Christianizing of the school age. The Indian Rights Asso- American Indian should use every ciation reports that, notwithstanding available influence in promoting this that promise, there are' today over prohibitory legislation.

6,000 such children without school facilities. The recommendation' of Alaskan Leaders T Commissioner Charles H. Burke is HE Alaska Native Brotherhood whose purpose it is to promote that the Secretary of War transfer to the Interior Department the aban- morality, education, commerce, and doned Military Post at Fort Wingate, citizenship now embraces practically New Mexico, for school purposes. every native in southeastern Alaska This post is in the heart of the Navajo with the exception of the four hun- .country and can be equipped at com- dred Indians at Metlakatla, who were llaratively slight expense to accom- originally under the Canadian Govmodate 500 pupils. The Indian ernment, and speak a totally different Rights Association earnestly requests language. The leaders of the Brotherfriends of the Indian to write (1) to hood are almost without exception the President, (2) to the Secretary of g-raduates of the Sitka Training War, and (3) to members of Congress Sehool, forerunner of the Sheldon urging that this transfer of Fort Jackson School of the Presbyterian Wingate Military Post to the Depart- Board of Home Missions. William T. ment of the Interior, for use as an Paul, who was sent to Washington Indian ~,he. made. It will help, last winter to represent the people of in part, to keep our faith ~th these Alaska along legislative lines, writes Indians, and the opportumty should of the activities of the Brotherhood: not be neglected. "We have a convention yearly and -The Congregationalist. discuss such problems as: The Fu-

1922J NEWS FROM MANY I,ANDS·

ture of the Natives of Alaska j Better thus bringing his message–as he says Schools; Fisheries-Their Depletion of sowing "seeds of holy fire."

and the Remedy; Better Politics- Why Every Indian Should Vote; The German Foreign Mi••ions at Home G Place of Religion in the Brotherhood. ERMAN Christians are experienc- ing great difficulty in their for- We secure the best speakers available, but in the main handle the ques- eign mission work because of the low tions ourselves, an open forum fol- exchange value of their money. The lowing every address." reorganization of the church in Ger- EUROPE many, which is now going on, is also affecting the work of foreign missions.

Glasgow Students' Mo_ment This work was carried on by estab- O NE of the results of the revival lished missionary societies, controlled movement in Scotland, described by an executive board. New societies in the REVIEW some months ago, has have now arisen, more or less inde- been the formation of the Glasgow pendent of those that call and send Students' Eva,ngelical Union, which (Jut missionaries, but also endeavorhas already justified its existence by ing to further missionary zeal its vigorous contributions to practical and interest. 1'here are at present evangelism. Its activities have as- twenty-three such missionary or- sumed various forms, but its chief ganizations in Germany. Further, aim is to assist or conduct evangelistic there are associations for medical Cll.mpaigns, and in this direction it missions, teachers' missionary socie- has met much success. One of its ties, a conference of German mission autumn campaigns was held in Edin- workers, women's organizations, a so- burgh from Sept. 17th to Oct. 6th, ciety devoted to the science of mis- under the leadership of J. G. Haldane sions, and others. The question now and D. P. Thompson. under discussion is whether these or- ganizations should be admitted to the "M The Gospel by Radio regular ,. delegates' conference."

Y voice can speak with no tele- phone or anything of that sort, Revival in Scandinavia A right out into the air. Springs out- SPIRITUAL awakening is abroad in Denmark and Finland, which understand. And I have got such a great deal of talk to do for our Sav- is reminiscent of the revival in Engiour. And praise His name that Italy land at the time of John Wesley, achas such a splendid atmosphere to carry words. You know what I am cording to Bishop Anton 'Bast, of talking about' It is the wireless tele- Copenhagen, in a report received phone, the radio, you know; Signor from Chicago by the Committee of Marconi's invenzione. Believe me, it is great fo~ a great number of things, Conservation and Advance of the but its true posto is to proclaim the Methodist Episcopal Church. Norway is also yielding to the religious spirit, glorious Gospel, with all and every- he says, and business men are tithing. thing else supplementary." "In Copenhagen, in spite of a very hard influenza epidemic we had our So writes Paolo, an Italian evan- churches full day after day," says gelist, to Dr. W. H. Morse of Hart- Bishop Bast. "In spite of a hard win- ford, Conn., who had much to do with ter and sickness among the people of his conversion when he was in Amer- Sweden, the revival meetings, ica.. His letter proceeds to tell of one churches and halls were packed.

occasion when a friend brought to- People of all classes of society at- gether to hear the radio a group of tended. The people and pastors and some fifty relatives who were hostile other workers came from far away to evangelical Christianity, but to circuits on that large snow-covered whom Paolo had an opportunity of district, which includes the Lapland

up to the Arctic part of Norway, promise between the Church and the Sweden and Finland." club, to allow Christians to join the latter without being disqualified for Religious Liberty in Poland (·hurch membership. This, they have been told, is impossible, as there can CABLE dispatches from Warsaw be no affinity between light and dark- early in May reported that fur- ness. ther steps in religious toleration had been taken by the Polish Government A Chief, an Inquirer in abolishing the legal disabilities imposed by Czarism upon Roman CONSPICUOUS figures in the in- Catholics. This follows the abolition, quirers' classes at Mbereshi, Censome weeks ago, of the anti-Jewish tral Africa, are the chiefs and headstatus of the former Russian regime men of the villages who have joined and clears the books of the new Polish during the year. Nine have come Government of all religious proscrip- forward as believers and among them tions. the Chief Kazembe-the greatest of them all. Mr. W. Freshwater, a mis- AFRICA sionary of the London Missionary Society there, writes: "If one does The New Woman in Egypt not see very much outward difference at first, there is. this one fact, that THE Indian Witness reports that their attitude towards the Gospel is different, and they are desirous of 1 the Feminist Movement in Egypt 'being taught the good Word of Life. To become a Christian means a trepublishes a magazine edited by its mendous loss of prestige. It means president, Madame Labiba Ahmad, a ostracism from the people in attendwell educated Egyptian lady. The ance upon them, as well as from the oath taken by the members of the so- people generally. To – their way of ciety is, "I swear to make chastity my thinking, such a one has ceased to be crown and virtue my guide; to live a chief, in proportion as he' dispenses as a free woman, it good and useful with native customs arid practices. A wife and mother; to do my duty great burden of prayer is now laid honestly to my God, my father-land, upon the church on behalf of these and my country; to love others as I chiefs and headmen, that they may love myself, and to hate for them what be brought right into the Kingdom I hate for myself." The magazine of God's liberty and love. A private deals with nursing and hygiene and meeting for Bible instruction is held exhorts Egyptian women to make the each week at Chief Kazembe's court, most of their opportunities in their after the weekly Bible class. He often homes and to educate themselves and attends the Sunday service." their children. Jeaehing the Young Malagasy Christians Stand Firm SOME of the difficulties of the mis- MISSIONARIES of the Church sionary in Madagascar in dealing with young people were recently pre- . . Missionary Society report that sented in the L. M. S. Chronicle.; one of the results of the spread of "The missionary with the multifari- Christianity among the young men of ous demands of church and school has Iboland, Nigeria, is their withdrawal no time or strength to spare for from the Okonko club, thus leaving systematic organization or sports and the older men with no one to beat the intellectual interests among young drums and perform other offices in people; and the young people themthe heathen ceremonies. This has selves have very little initiative Or been most distressing to the chiefs and other members of the club. Finding that harassing and persecuting the Christians had no desired effect, they shifted ground, and asked for a com-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

persistency. Boy Scouts and the like government. Subject to such supervision are still tabooed, and other forms of no measures shall be taken in Palestine to recreation need good organization and obstruct or interfere with the enterprise of instruction, otherwise they deteriorate sllch bodies or to discrinlinate against any representative or member of 1hem on the into rowdyism. Athletics, apart from wound of his religion or nationality.

the military, have little meaning to the Malagasy. It should also be The New Greek Patriarch borne in mind that any association MELETIOS IV, the new Ecumenimust be licensed by the Government, cal Patriarch of the Greek and young people's associations are Church and Archbishop of Constannot looked upon with favor by the official world. All our efforts to im- tinople, is reported to be a notable prove the youth of Madagascar, therefore, are concentrated on what they :figure in the history of the Orthodox do understand and appreciate, namely, religious activities." Church. He has undertaken the duties of the office at risk of his own lgirfee~talYndremduucset dsuinpcpoomrte.hisHsetaifsf on a mak- MOSLEM LANDS ing the Greek Church more demo- The British in Palestine cratic, and is doing his best to smooth out the difficulty with the seven T HE official ceremony initiating Metropolitans who seceded before his the British mandate rule for Pales- election, and to make peace within tine, which wa~ held September 11th, the Church. A correspondent writes: was accompamed by many formal proclamations, the chief one being the "His chief interest from an evangel- Order in Council, which outlines the ical standpoint is two-fold. He is the duties of the High Commissioner, first Greek Patriarch who has ever the office now held by Sir Herbert Samuel. A Legislative Council will said a favorable word from the pulpit replace the present advisory council. for Protestants. His utterances prais- It will consist of twenty-two members ing evangelical Christianity have and will include the High Commis- been so outspoken that many of his sioner. Separate Moslem, Jewish and own people are calling him a Prot- Christian courts, with exclusive jurisdiction in certain matters, are to be estant! He does not deny it and is established. Jewish immigration will away ahead of his Church i~ his be regulated by a committee of the liberal attitude. The second pomt of Legislative Council, the majority of special interest is his decision to have which will be Arabs. a translation of the Bible into modern Greek. In this, he takes the evan" In the text of the Mandate on Palestine approved by the Council of the gelical point of view, and the British League of Nations, the following ar- and Foreign Bible Society and the ticles occur: American Bible Society are ready to back him up in the printing and cir- Article 15: The mandatory shall see that complete freedom of conscience and the culation of the translation when f,·ee exercise of all forms of worshIp, snb- ready. He is blocked at present by ject only to the maintenance of public order the uncertainties of the political situaand morals, are ensured to all. No dis- tion and the difficulty of getting crimination of any kind shall be made be- scholars together to do the work. In tween the inhabitants of Palestine on the the fact that he' receives and talks ground of race, religion, or language. No freely with missionaries, he is. di~er­ person shall be excluded from Palestine on ent from his predecessors and It gIves llew hope for the spirit of reform the sole ground of his religious belief …. within the Church. Others before him Article 16: The mandatory shall be re- have urged union with the Anglican sponsible for exercising such snpervision Church but he is interested in whatover religious or eleemosynary bodies of all ever makes for cordial relations with fs iths in Palestine as may be required for all the Churches." the maintenance of pnblic .order and good

Heroes in Smyrna existing resources, " and they sug- gested the following general lines of R EPORTS of the horrors' in policy in respect of retrenchment: Smyrna pay high tribute to the (a) to withdraw from work which heroism of individual American mis- has become too diffuse; (b) to /pve sionaries and relief workers. Edward up a good deal of educational work M. Fisher, Gen-eral Secretary of tb.e among non-Christians in order to con- Y. M. C. A. is quoted in the New York centrate on the educational uplift of Times of Sept. 20th as saying: the Christian community; (G) to withdraw from places where other so- "Th;ough the bravery of Miss cieties are strong and can easily as- Minnie Mills of the American College sume responsibility; and (d) to and Dr. Wilfred Post of Washington, withdraw or reduce work where the D. C., who worked incessantly, .we continued presence of the foreign orsucceeded in taking 600 Armeman ganization in its present strength orphan boys from the fire zone, march- tends to retard the development of ,ing them to the pier …. In some un- the life and activity of the Indian accountable way two of the youngsters Church. In accordance with these secured American flags, which they lines of policy, the Committee have held aloft throughout the night, each decided, to withdraw from six staboy taking his turn at holding a flag. tions in the Punjab, including Amrit- This saved them from mistreatment sar and Multan; and from Allahabad, by the Turks ….. Lucknow, and several other stations in the United Provinces. These steps "Another American hero was Ray- will involve the giving up of four mond Moreman, a young graduate of high schools. fiv-e middle schools. and Pomona College, California, whO, in the Oxford and Cambridge Hostel at spite of the flames and the threats of Allahabad. -C. M. S. Review. the Turks, refused to desert the Christian orphanage, in which were An Indian Home Missionary housed 300 orphans under his direct charge. 'I shall die with them if they AMERICAN Methodist Christians are killed,' he told the Turkish author- in India have organized and apities. pointed their first home missionary. sending him to a point in Central "Dr. Post ministered to the suffer- India where there are a half million ing and dying, until exhausted he people among whom no missionary was taken aboard an American de- work has been done. The following stroyer. He refused to stay on the extracts from a letter which he wrote destroyer, however, and returned to to Bishop Frank W. Warne indicate the shore ….. th-e spirit in which he is beginning his work: "Another gailant A,merican was Charles Claflin Davis of Boston, who "It is providential that the Board for ten days and nights did not close has selected this promising field for his eyes, giving succor to the sur- the work. I must confess sincerely vivors and pleading with the Kemal- that the prospect is very good and ists to adopt a merciful attitude." splendid here. Since I ha,:"e come here I visited the local offiCIals and INDIA the influential people of the town. Everyone is very courteous and C. :M. S. Retrenchment friendly to me and are quite sympa- thetIC in our mission work. I do every A DELEGATION sent out by the dealings with prayer and very car~­ Church Missionary Society to fully. Our mission work is appreCI- India and Ceylon has given special ated by all in the town and villages … thought to reducing the expenditures The Gospel is proclaimed by preachof the Society in view of the financial situation. T'hev concluded that "the C. M. S. is atteinpting today far more work than it can compass efficiently on

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ing in bazaars and towns, tracts dis- gan to understand the purpose of the tribution, personal work and Sunday- schools. l!'unds for buildings were school. The people are hungry and raised. These were humble structures thirsty for the Salvation. They hear at first, increasing in size and beauty the precious and living message of our until today the mission schools have Lord J'BSUS Christ eagerly and atten- become recognized factors in the bet- tively. In the morning I go out to terment of Siamese youth."

visit the surroundiug villages …. And Hurri'Bt Rouse School in Bangkok they daily come to me to receive hand has recently moved into commodious bills and tracts to read. I go as far quarters, with well-equipped recita- as I reach doing with all my might tion hall and dormitories, and a new this work which is entrusted to me." building is being erected for the Chiengmai airls' School. Graduates A Missionary Martyr of Bangkok Christian College and ..T lNTOLD possibilities for India," Prince Royal's College ,are holding U comments the Dnyanodaya, " are responsible positions in many depart- wrapped up with its industrial de- ments of Siamese life today.

velopments and the economic uplift of the Indian Christian Church large- CHINA ly depends on th'B industrial work Comparative Church Growth of Christian Missions. " Realizing these things in 1919, Mr. Tom Dobson, I N discussing its work in China, the Missionary Society of the Protesafter seventeen years as manager of tant Episcopal Church suggests the the Scottish Mission Industries, following comparisons between the Poona, accepted an appointment from rate of church growth in China and in America: the United Free Church of Scotland as a missionary at J alna in order to In China, the first missionary, help in rescuing India's poor from about ….•……………. 1830 the thralldom of the money.lender. First synod of Chinese Church, 1912 After a little more than two years of Interval, •….•…. 78 years priceless work at this great task Mr. In the United States, first per- Dobson died on July 27th as the re- manent appearance of our sult of wounds inflicted on him by an Church, ……………… : 1607 Arab in the Nizam's Territory, who First General Convention, ….. 1785 Interval, ………. 178 years had borrowed money from the Coop- erative Credit Bank, and whom Dob- In China, first synod, …….. 1912 son called upon to see about the re- Organization of Chin.ese mis- payment of the loan. When police sionary society, ………… 1912 Interval, ………. 0 years officials called at the mission, though In the United States, first too weak to see them Mr. Dobson sent a message that he refused to prosecute Convention, '.' …..•…. : .. 1785 Organization of missionary so· his assailant. ciety, ..•……………… 1821 Interval, ………. 36 years Mission Schoobs in Siam In China, between the first mis· 78 years sionary and the missionary 214 years AWRITER in The Siam Outlook, society …..•………….. describing "the evolution of the missionary schools in Siam," tells the In the United States, between story of educational missions in prac- corresponding events, …… tically every field when he says: "The first schools were but handfuls of The analogy cannot be pressed but bashful, suspicious children squatting on the verandas of missionary homes. it yields food for interesting thought. The Bible and a few tracts were the principal textbooks. Gradually the Women in the Chinese Church numbers increased as the par-ents be- T HE detailed reports which con- tinue to come of the China' Na- tional Ohristian Conference last May,

serve to emphasize the vigor and orig- with the betterment of the farm vil- inality of Chinese thinking. One lage."

delegate, stating that in their desire for a truly national Cflurch there was Our Opportunity in China no thought of throwing over the mis- DR. JOHN R. MOTT, on his recent sionary, said, "Thank God we have return from China, said of the many missionary friends who are "New Thought Movement," which is more Chinese than some of the Chi- sweeping over the educated classes: nese themselves." "There has been nothing like it in- tensively or extensively since the Re- " An unforgettable note was naissance .in Europe; and this transtruck, " writes one of the foreign scends that in the number of people delegates, "when a Chinese woman involved and in the greater variety spoke from the platfornl on behalf, so she claimed, of all the women dele- of mental interests touched and exgates, demanding full franchise and hibited. . .. In the late eighties the full representation in the Church, missionaries and the home churches including ordination to the Christian ministry. I gather that, at any rate, had a great chance in Japan, though the younger generation of men are uot as great as the New Thought ready to accord equal rights to women. Movement today in China. Then we When the resolutio]l constituting a missed our opportunity in Japan. It National .Christian Council was is here now in China."

passed, it was decided that, of every Merchants Welcome Christians four members, one, at least, should be a woman." T HE anti-Christian movement among the students of China was Educational Commission Report discllssed in an editorial in the August REVIEW. .The North China Herald T HE distingnished commission reports a counter-demonstration to the which was appointed by the For- activities of the anti-Christians, when eign Missions Conference of North delegates to the World's Student America to study the missionary con- Christian Conference visited the city tribution to the field of education in of Tientsin: China has prepared its report. "When the delegates arrived at the .The Congregationalist says of it: railway station an inspiring spectacle "It will make a volume of several greeted them. Bodies such as the Chihundred pages, and will be one of the nese Chamber of Commerce and the most important studies of mission guilds were there with banners waved work ever published. Among the con- on high, and brass bands hard at clusions reached are these: That work. and explanations were speedily Christian education should be devel- forthcoming that it was as an offset oped with the expectation that it will to the recent outbursts of the non- eventually pass wholly into the hands Christians that it was taking place. of the Chinese; that there should, Furthermore, the delegates were in~ meanwhile, be the closest practicable formed that these same bodies had cooperation with the government edu- telegraphed to kindred associates cational authorities and schools; that t.hroughout the country, asking for as the colleges and professional schools hearty a welcome to the delegates should be fewer in number and when they might visit other centers.

stronger; that there should be more . . .. In comparison with the student!! .

and better schools for teacher train_ the merchant classes are largely in- ing; that there should be more and articulate, so that when they'l"l)solv,!

better middle schools; that Christian to demonstrate, … we may be certain forces must concern themselves with that their feelillgs have been deeply agricultural education, and especially stirred. "

'1922] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Home lIIinions in China for her child. She had been touched T HE Chinese Home Missionary So- by the exercises, and the tears were ciety, which in 1918 had seven members and an income of $185, in still in her eyes as she said, ' You have 1920 had a membership of 1631 and an income of $7,916. Last year taught my boy the Way of LRifee~'enytoluy showed farther advance, the member- have taught him of God. ship trebling, while the income rose to $8,723. Its missionaries number we were at the funeral of a relative's nine, and are at work in Yunnan City and Lufeng, three days' journey west child. Everyone talked of the dead of Yunnan. It is proposed shortly to occupy Kochou, a large and wealthy child as gone into the darkness, no. city to the south. Early in 1922 the missionary branch of the Scottish and one knew where, and they cried. Irish l1is~ionary Society o~ Manchuria united with the China Home Mission- 'rsune saw and heard them, and spoke ary Society, and is now known as the Heilungkiang branch of it. up and said with a smile ognonheistofacbe~ "He isn't dead, he has with God." I thank you from my heart for teaching my boy this.'

Such heartfelt appreciation and testi- mony were well worth twenty-five years of kindergarten teaching.' '.

ISLANDS OF THE SEA JAPAN-CHOSEN Manila S. S, Workers Unite Only Christians Wanted REPRESENTATIVES of all the Protestant organizations at work ALARGE exhibition of products in the city of Manila, numbering at from all parts of the island of least 250 enthusiastic Sunday-school Kyushu was held at Oita, Japan, in teachers, officers and workers, recently 1921," reports the C. M. Outlook, met and formed a permanent organi- "and the Christian Women's Tem- zation, to be known as the Manila perance Society was asked by the Sunday-school Workers' Association. mayor to undertake the task of look- At the organization meeting Professor after any lost children. The Patriotic Panlasigui. Instructor in Child Study Women's Temperance Society (Bud- in the University of the Philippines, dhist) mnch wanted to be entrusted delivered the address of the evening, with this work, but the mayor said on "The Teacher's Larger Task." He that only the Christians would have showed that the work of a Sundayenough love to look after other school teacher includes not only the people's children properly. It was no half hour of formal lesson instruceasy task, but for three months, every tion on Sunday morning, but also day from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., the training in worship, horne visitation Christian women took it in turns to and a personal ~pervision of the be in attendance at a little kiosk that expressional and service activities of had been put up in a central -place, the pupil. "It is only in this way" and about 200 children were comforted said he, "that a full-grounded Chrisand returned to their parents." tian life can be developed, and that is the goal of our task." A brief A Grateful Mother summary of the address was given in Tagalog for the benefit of a few pres- T HE following is characterized as ent who did not understand English. "the best story from the year's reports" by The Japan Mission News, Mohammedans in Java published by the American Board: "Last year at the close of the gradua- T HE following ann~un~ement, istion exercises of the Imadegawa Kin- sued by an orgamzahon called dergarten the mother of one the grad- "Mardi Kintaka," proves the presnates came and expressed her thanks ence of Moslem activity among Malay for what the kindergarten had done and .Javanese speaking peoples: "It

has been decidedly aimed to introduce Missionary Money Wasted the Moslem Religion and spread its T HE United Christian Missionary Society recenty announced a pre- rational doctrine into all inhabitants ventable waste in its financing, which in the archipelago in general and can be paralleled in practically every into the natives in particular by mission board. The treasurer of the printing and publishing the Malay or Society reports that, during the mis- Javanese books for this purpose. It sionary year which closed June 30, protects the Moslem cause gently and 1922, he paid $14,337.35 interest on . intelligently when such protection is borrowed money l.ecause the churches necessary and it believes that the were slow in sending their offerings. Islam has come to establish real peace in the whole world and its mission was not to Arabia alone, but to the This would pay the salaries of four- whole of universe from the micro- teen missionaries for a full year.

scopic atom to the most gigantic crea- If the churches, Sunday-schools, women's societies, Christian Endeavor tion. Thus Islam deserves to be em- societies ana individuals would send braced by every nation and in any their missionary money in either country. Further information concerning Islam and its doctrine will be monthly or quarterly payments, most found in the :Mardi Kintaka's pv.bli- of this interest charge could be ;cations with the lowest price and to avoided. But many churches wait be sent direct on application." until the last month of the missionary GENERAL year and some of them until the last day of the last week of the last month The. 1923 Week of Prayer to send their offerings. This makes ALTHOUGH the appointed days it absolutely necessary to borrow tor the next Universal Week of money while waiting for the offerings Prayer are not until January 7-13, to come in.

1923, the World's Evangelical Alli- ance has issued the invitations and World'. Y. M. C. A. Meeting suggested topics for it, in order that T HE meeting of the World's Comadequate preparation may insure a mittee, which was held at Copenworthy observance of this week which, hagen in August, was the first gatherfor the last seventy-five years, has ing of that body since 1913. Such a emphasized the power of the united conference brings out strikingly the prayers of all those "who in every fact that among the forces which make land call upon God through the Name for righteousness, peace and good will of our Lord Jesus Christ." The in- among men the Christian Associations vitation suggests suitable texts for hold high rank in all the lands where they are established. Especially is sermons or addresses on the opening this true of the Far East in recent Sunday, Jauuary 7th; Monday is to be devoted to thanksgiving and hu- years, while in certain parts of Europe miliation on general lines; and the new organization has taken place as a proposed topics for the succeeding consequence of the world' war relief days are The Church Universal; Na- work. This has resulted from the tions and 'fheir Rulers; Missions; Families, Schools, Colleges, and the urgent requests of governments as Young; The Home Base, and the well as of peoples, who have found in Jews-each of which lends itself. as the Associations a religious and social is pointed out, to both thanksgiving center hitherto wanting in the com~ and snpplication. munity life.

~THE MISSJ[ONARY LmRARY~

~ : . "iRKi """biAi "'" UGti' …..u Ii Giiii, "uOu"'::0 Crusading in the West Indies. By W. F. that traveling salesmen are able to Jordan. Fleming H. Revell Co., New make a living going from house to York. 1922. house with cheaply bound books." Protestant America has ooen late in This is one of the best missionary grasping the importance of the circu- lation of Christian literature in the volumeI'! published on the West Indies. evangelization of Spanish America. The author, as agent of the American Bible Society, has lived in the West The most valuable part of the book Indies for many years. He is a man is the four chapters on the little of education, liberal spirit, a close ob- known country of Haiti. While these chapters are little more than server and a lover of the people about travelogues, a clear picture is given whom he writes. He says: "It is a of the life of the people. The superpleasure to testify here to the kind stition the voodoo worship, the lack treatment accorded me everywhere of edu'cation, sanitation and political during these years of travel amon~ stability, are clearly brought out.. as our neighbors. I have yet to experi- is the need for missionary work whIch is at present very limited indeed. For ence the first unkind act, or hear the Santo Domingo a very rapid developfirst unkind word directed to me ner- ment is predicted and the people are sonally by a Latin American;. and I courteous, gentlemanly, and perhaps traveled widely in Mexico during the easier of approach from an evangelical critical period from 1914 to 1918." . point of ,..jew than those of the rest of the West Indies. While the object of the book IS plainly missionary, there is much of Two chapters are given to Porto general interest, character study, so- Rico and two to the little known cial conditions, commercial data and French Islands. The last chapter information for travelers. The de- includes observations on the imporscription of the customs of the people tance of speaking good Spanish, cliis particularly interesting ~nd help,ful. matic and sanitary conditions, animal life and a suggestion as to the sup- One of the strongest ImpreSSIOns plying of good literature to Latin received from the book is the neerl of America. and opportunity for distribution of good literature. "There is a great Haiti. By J. Dryden Kuser. Boston, Rich- . ard G. Badger. 1922. need in all of these countries for a healthy, inspiring, character building The value of this book con!lists mainly in its illustrations. The text literature …. One of the greatest of a hundred pages is given to a curneeds of Cuba today is Christian sory account of the trip to Haiti on literature. With the general increase the steamer, the revolutionists, a bit of history and life in Port au Prince. of literacy there is an increased demand for reading matter and therefore a greater opportunity for the spread of the Gospel through the printed page. In Cuba the forces of evil seem to be much more awakened to the opportunity of getting in their work, through the press, than is the Lutherisches Missions lahrbuch. Edited by E. Stanza. Published .by the Saxon wChherirsetiealnseC, hsueercnh.sucIhhaavemnaessveor,f any- Missionary Conference. PrIce, 50c. H. G. vile Wallbaum, Leipzig, Germany. 1922.

novels and other obscene literature for sale, as in the bookstores of the This little pamphlet contains coI,ll- Island." "There is such a demand plete statistics of all Lutheran mIS- for reading matter throughout Cuba sions and mission societies in the 923 world. The ar~ic.les are written by "Foreigners or Friends" constitutes well-known mIssIOnary authorities the approach of the churchman to the and discuss the various present day foreign-born and their children in problems of Lutheran missions. The America. But the book is far more statistical material is very complete, than a sectarian treatise. It is a and the book is replete with mission- human document on New Americans, ary information. the latest comprehensive study of The Hill of 'Good-bye. The Story of a what can be done and should be done Solitary White Woman's Life in Central by Christian agencies in Americaniz- Africa. By Jessie Monteath Currie. Illus. ing and Christianizing the several races which have come and are coming 242 pp. George Routledge & Sous, Lon- from the various European countries don. 1920.

A Scotch artist, engaged to an to live and work in America. "Thirty- African missionary, tells in a graphic five million is the number of Amermanner her adventures while en route ica '8 foreign population. Fifteen to the field, and her experiences in million of these were born in foreign minute detail as a wife at a station countries and the rest had cne or both where, for a time there was no other parent!' born outside the Union. From white woman with whom she could more than thirty different countries associate. Her brief sojourn was on America has beer'i receiving an annual the slopes of Mount Mlanje, which flood of men, women, and children, means" Good-bye"; her very limited who have come to share in the good knowledge of the language prevented things .which this nation of boundless her absorbing herself in any serious resources has to offer." The authors missionary work; her iteration of make careful analyses of sources and afternoon teas, and occasional picnics; distribution of immigrants. They the rare occasions when her husband thoroughly diagnose the differences and his colleague, the doctor, had con- between the so-called old and new im- tacts with neighboring chiefs, cooking migration. They interpret the work- experiences and rats in the store room ings of economic forces in their change and leopards outside, are the leading from generation to generation as matters described. If the general they affect the immigrants' lives.

effect of the book is to deter other What the United States government women from going to Central Africa, has done, can do and should do in proit should be remembered that the viding the rightful ways of education author had too little command of the and citizenship is considered with dis- language to do any important work. crimination.

Foreigners or Friends. By Thomas Burgess, The chief excellence of the book Secretary, Foreign.Born American's Di- vision, Department of Missions and Church centers in its practical answer as to what i n d i v i d u a I s, communities, Extension of the Episcopal Church, Charles churches and churchmen can do in Kendall Gilbert, Executive Secretary, So- friendly Christian ways for the forcial Service Commission of the Diocese of eigners in the towns or cities where New York, Charles Thorley Bridgeman, they live. Such work calls less for Assistant Secretary, Foreign-Born Americans' Division. Charts, 231 pp., and ap-, new institutions or new methods than pendix. Department of Missions and it does for the daily alert practice of Church Extension of the Bishops and COUDcil of the Protestant Episcopal the Golden Rule and Christian service.

Church, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York The book is full of information and City, 1921. it is an excellent statement of what This handbook by specialists of the should be the Christian attitude to Protestant Episcopal Church entitled the foreigner. Renew Your Strength Through Bible Study Daily, reverent study of God's Word oper- REV. JAMES M. GRAY, D.D. ates to invigorate one's whole being-spirit, Author of ….'r- SYHtizetlC Course mind and body.

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Please mention THS MISSIONARY REVIEW OIt THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. Montgomery Ward &Co. Are You Seeking Plans That Have Made Good? Chicago, U. S. A. Ways of Working in Sunday- Will send you free upon req~est the school and Church that have really complete 50th Anniversary catalogue succeeded in actual experience are of general merchandise. This book given in every issue of The Sunday will bring you the full advantage of School Times. all our Fifty Years experience in ere..: ating low prices on goods of standard One of the most practical and long experiserviceable quality. enced Sunday-school men in North America, Mr. Hugh Cork, is the Times' "Ways of Our Export Department is shipping Working" editor, which is a conspicuous regularly to all parts of the world, part of its present strength for Sunday-school OUR MISSIONARY BUREAU workers. attends to the assembling, packing, and shipping of missionary baggage, and The most picturesque and unusual Sundaysupplies. Save money by taking ad- school news of the foreign mi.sion field. is vantage of our low foreign freight gathered by Mr. Cork for Times' readers. rates. Ask for our Missionary CircularNo.50H. The important happenings in the inter· national work and other orgapized Sunday. Our customers order from us abso- school field. are reported promptly for you. lutely without risk. Question Boxes We guarantee 8afe delivery of our merchandi8e discussing practical problems are conducted by experts, covering Teacher Training, anywhere in the world Horne Department, Elementary Teachers, Adult Classes, Temperance Work, and the unique column from that prince of Sunday- school leaders, under the title "Ask Marion Lawrance"

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1919

VIII

New Missionary Books You Need On the TheD1.es of Mission Study for 1919-20: Christian Americanization: Christianity and Human Conservation THE LATEST PUBLICATIONS OF THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT NEW LIFE CURRENTS IN CHINA …………………………….. Mary Ninde Gamewd! New Ute current.s are vital'zing and regenerating Old China. A "moving picture" of the wonderful work being done by Christian Missions. Physically and spiritually they are helping to develop a m;ghty n~ tioD. 1Uns1 rated. Price, cloth. 75 cents; paper, 50 centsj pcstpald.

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Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; postpaid.

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ORDER FROM YOUR DENOMINATIONAL MISSION BOARD OR FROM THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT, 160 Fifth Ave., New York Let One Magazine Do YOU CAN STAY AT HOME the Work of Many and We have many requests from libraries for PREACH THE GOSPEL TO issues of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW MOHAMMEDANS OF THE WORLD that are entirely out of stock. They need them to complete their through files to use for reference. We have to refuse these requests but you may be able to help The American Christian Literature meet this demand. In case you do not keep Society for Moslems a file of the REVIEW, do not discard your copies. Send them to us and they can still (Incorporated in 1915) send their message through the libraries. We will gladly pay you the amount we This Society is Interdenominational receive for copies of the following issues: Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on the Fields The Literature is Adapted to Moslems The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively They go where no Missionaries are allowed They can be read in secret and repeatedly February, 1917 October, 1918 Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. October, 1917 November, 1918 Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? February, 1918 December, 1918 tn~~:~t':n!~~i~~~o~f:~liari~~ e::t~ship, needs, sample July, 1918 January, 1919 August, 1918 March, 1919 MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Seuelory April, 1919 Box 888, New York City Address correspondence and return copies to OTHER OFlI'JCERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. &mueJ M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pre8id~nt Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vice President The Business Department Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President The Missionary Review Publishing Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Borden COD1.pany, Inc. Mrs. Wm. B. Hiil Dr. Frank Ma<;()n North Miss Anna L. Dawes 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mes. Finley J. Shepard Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GIFTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention TIlE: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers ~FAC,,,T_S., ""W"" O~"R-T"H""Q""U,O,,T,IN,-G,~ Only twclIty thousand of the 1~().UO() Chinese lahorers sent to France to help win the war have as yet returned to their homes. The remaining 120,000 are kept in Eur()re to assist in rehuilding devastated areas. Sixty-nine Chri"itlan workers re- cently met to consider how hest to COIl"erve the results of l11issiona:y effort among these Chinese. (See page 562.) One of the hopeful s'gns of Christian awakening in Spain is that last year the sales of Bibles increased over thirty per CC111. Protestant churches there have united in a Spanish Evangelical Alliance and are enlphasizing Christian educatiotl. Spain may h~' ob1iged to liberalize hel' constitution and to give tTIore_ complete religiol1" liberty in order to qualify for membership in the League of Nations. (See page 563.) Canada is p:-oilloting all Interchurch Forward lviovcment for missions. The aim of the campaign is distinctly spiritual, and the plans include a National Executive C01TlIuittee, COllll11ittees for each province and a national Conference to discuss the whole task. (See page 565.) Chinese Christians are forming home luissionary societies, and one of these in Nanking has sent out an appeal to the native churches, urging the obligation of carrying the Gospel to distant pans of China. (See page 565.) A building is to be erected in Shanghai to house the China Continuation Com- mittee. and to be a headquarters fur the varions union mission agencies there. One hundred and fifty missionaries have cooperated in preparing a "Survey of China." which the committee expect to publish in 1920. The Christian forces are seeking to formulate plans to promote statesmanship. (See page 566.) The British and Foreign Bihle Society distributed hetween nine and teu million Testa- lnents in seventy-six languages among cOlnbatants and labor battalions during the war. The American Bible Society and other organtzations distributed several mil- lions more copies. Vith demobilization. these volumes are being carried to the ends of the earth. Six hundred and fifty versions of the Bible have been printed, representing the spoken languages of seven-tenths of the human race. (See page 571.) Within fifty years the work of the Salvation Army has been established in no less than sixtY-lhree separate countries and colonies, fratn the Arctic Circle to the iar South, in the Orient and in Africa. among Zulus and Kaffirs. Its outposts nnmber 9859, and there are 1231 rescue and industrial institutions. (See page 581.) Rahai missionaries have been in America for more than twenty years, and a few thomand have become enmeshed in Bahai sentimentalities. They have established congregations. promoting what they call "The National Association of the Uni- versal Religion." They even send workers to Pe-sia. the home of Bahaism, to strengthen the canse there. (See page 591.) Far-reaching reforms in the 1(oman Catholic Church of Bohemia are demanded by 17,000 priests of that country. Among these reforms are the use of the mother tongue in religions services, the permission for priests to marry, and change in the educational system for priests. (See page 622.) The Christian message has been giveu pnblicity in four of the daily papers of Tokyo, so that Christianity is becoming a leading topic of conversation on rail- roads, in public places and even in out of the way villages. (See page 627.) There are one bundred and fifty million women in India, nearly half of whom are high class Hindus or Mohammedans, and cannot be reached by any but women physicians. For this vast number there are only one hundred and sixty women physicians. about one-fourth 0 f whom are now on furlough. This shows the im- portance of establishlng medical schools for tbe training of Indian women physi- cians. (See page 617.) NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Are You Looking Japan Day by Day. Edward S. Morse. for 2 vols. Illus. London: Constable. Missionary Information? • 365 nPl. 1919. Rising Japan. Jabcz T. Sunderland, Secure Bound Volumes of The RevieuJ D. D. XI +220 pp. New York and Through a London: Pntnam. $1.25; 5s net. 1918. Special Clearance Sale Report of the Indian Industrial Com- mission, 1911)-18. 481+XII pp. 1.on- Each volume of The Missionary don: H. M. Stationery Office. 45 6d. Review contains 1000 pages of 1919. valuable material and never out- Through Eastern Windows: Life Stories of-date missionary information. of an Indian City. A. J. Marris. Volumes are profusely illustrated IIlus. 166 pp. London: R. T. S. 35. with photographs and maps. od. net. 1919. Any volume of The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day. M. A. Czap- THE MISSIONARY licka. 242 pp. London: Oxford Uni- versity Press; Oxford: Clarendon ~W~WORLD Press. ISs. net. 1919. The Countries and Tribes of the Persian is a veritable cyclopedia of mis- Gulf. S. B. Miles. 2 vols. London: Harrison. £1. lIs. 6d. net. 1919. sionary lrnowledge—always read- The Rage of Islam. Yonan H. Shah- baz. xi+175+vii pp. Philadelphia: able—inspiring-e-ver a valuable Roger 'Williams Press. $1.50. 1918. Report of the United Conference of Mis- reference book. . sionary Societies in British East" Africa. Kiknyu, July 23-26, 1918. We have a limited number of 22 pp. Nairobi: Stationers Ltd. 30c. bound volumes for the years 1918. 1892-93-95-96-97-98-1909-11 -12- The Pacific: Its P<.tst and Future. Guy 13-14-15, which we will dispose H. Scholefield. JIIus. Maps. 352 pp. of at $1.50 per volume post- London: Murray. ISs. net. 1919. paid. Each volume is hand- The Ships of Pe<.tce. Basil Mathews. somely bound in red cloth with Illus. 136 pp. London: Oxford Uni- gold lettering. It is possible for versity Press. 2s. 6d. 1919. you to complete your files of the History of Zionism, 1600-1918. Nahum Review at small cost. This is an Sokolow. Vol. 1. Illus. Ixiii+313 exceptional opportunity. Send pp. London: Longmans. 215. net. your order now before it is too 1919. late. Palestine, Mesopotamia and the Jews. Sir Andrew Wingate, K. C. I. E. xi+ Missionary Review Publishing 290 pp. London: Holness. 5s. net. Company, Inc. 1919. The Little Daughter of Jerusalem. By 156 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK CITY Jules Lemaitre. 8vo. 289 pp. E. P. Du.tton & Company, New York. 1919. Scriptural Authority for Missions. ]. L. Hoffman. 9 pp. Baltimore: Lu- theran Church. $10. 1918. Winning the World. Ixxii+178 pp. Mil- waukee: Young Chnrchman Co. 60c. 1917. The Crisis in Church and College. By G. W. McPherson. 8vo. 238 pp. $1.25. G. W. McPherson, Yonkers, N. Y. 1919. Social Christianity in the New Era. By Chaplain Thomas Tiplady. 8vo. 190 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Com- pany, New York. 1919. The Fundamental Doctrines of the Christian Faith. By R. A. Torrey. 8vo. 328 pp. $1.40. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1918. Greatest Thoughts About Jesus Christ.

By J. Gilchrist Lawson. 8vo. 322 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Com- pany, New York. 1919. Student Witnesses for Christ. By S. Ralph Harlow. 8vo. 83 pp. 60e. Association Press-, New York. 1919.

Please nlention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals JOHN ,WILl,IS BA:>:R, LL,J')" moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, has / been elected Vice-Chairman of the New Era Movement, to succeed the late J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D.

'" '" '" '" '" '" · . '" '" '" '" R:>:v. J. STUARt' HOr.D:>:N, D. D., of London, has been compelled on account of ill health to cancel his engagements to speak in America this summer. R:>:v. EDGAR WHITTAKER WORK, D. D., pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, New York City, has been chosen to succeed the late Dr. A. F. Schaufller as chaIrman of the Executive Committee of the New York Evangelistic Committee.

****** BISHOP FRANK W. W ARNI, who has been in America assisting m the Methodist Centenary Campaign, has sailed for India.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

DR. JOHN W. WOOD, Foreign Secretary of the Protestant Episcopal Board of Missions, has returned from an extended visit to the Far East.

'" '" .. '" * * R:>:v. ADOI,PH K:>:r.r.JlR, pastor of a Reformed Church in Zurich, Switzerland, is visiting the United States as an official representahve of the Protestant churches of Switzerland for the purpose of promoting cordial relationship with American churches.

* .. .. * * * WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., of Swarthmore, Pa., lecturer and newspaper corres- · '" '" '" '" pondent, was under arrest in Egypt for a time because of his alleged activities in connection with the nationalist movement in that country.

'"

· '" '" '" '" REV. J. Y. AITCHISON, D. D., has been selected hy the Baptist General Board of Promotion as its General Secretary.

'"

DR. AUR:>:n T AGI.IALA'J':>:I.A, an Italian preacher and one of seven scholars chosen by the British and Foreign Bible Society to make a new Italian translation of the New Testament and the Psalms, has come to America to conier with Christian leaders · . '" '" '" '" in regard to plans for strengthening Protestantism in Italy. SIR T. F. VICTOR BUXTON, vice-president and honorary treasurer of the Church Missionary Society, died recently in England, as the result of a motor accident. He was also President of the Aborigines' Protective Society and was an authority on aU subjects relating to the African native.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

R:>:v. JOHN G. WHEIlN, general secretary of Methodist Missions in New South Wales, has been elected as President of the Australian Methodist Missionary Society.

'" '" '" * '" '" t!, DR. EMM:>:TT J. SCOTT, secretary to Booker T. Washington for eighteen years, and more recently special assistant to the Secretary of War, has been elected Secretary and Treasurer of Howard University, Washington, D. C.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

R:>:V. WM. A. HILI. has recently been appointed Secretary of Missionary Education for the Northern Baptist Convention. Mr. Hill has been for two years secretary for New England Baptist Missionary Societies.

>I< >I< '" '" >I< ..

DR. G. W. STANL:>:V has been asked by the Secretary of State for India to assist in re-establishing missionary work at Bagdad, Mesopotamia.

DO YOU DIE?

According to scientists "death is Dramaticfailure to respond- to environment." Material A man finally expires when he breathes out without being able to tor breathe in. He is then no longer able to receive and appropriate, and Church Use so is cut off from usefulness. His body may be alive while his mind or A Pageant of The Church his spirit is dead. By Eleanor B. Forman and Mabel E. Some men and women expire long Stone before their time of usefulness should be over. They no longer take Sev(>n episodes in tht' historic growth of and so cannot give. Every month the Church. Showing the contribution some subscribers expire and die- of each epoch to our modem life. others by forethought renew their life with the life of their subscrip- Price 30 cents tions. Some live a year at a time. Others provide for long life. To World FelloUJship which class do you belong? Live and help others to live. Take and By Mathilde J. Vossler and Jeannette give. If your subscription life is Perkins running out renew it now. Sttength'

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A three-year educational, financial and spiritual campaign has been launched by

Protestant Episcopal Church in America to consolidate its work in present fields. and to undertake new work in other fields. The underlying motive of the movement is a spiritual awakening of the Church as a whole. (See page 641.) The outlook for quieter conditions in India is encouraging. Mob violence has been strongly disapproved by intelligent Indians, and the Commission appointed to con- sider the franchise in India has reported favorably on "communal representation." This will divert the minds of the people from destructive methods and educate them in the principles of self-government. The recent disturbances have made clear that Christian education _has a restraining influence on disorder. (See page 641.) Energetic measures have been taken by American Christians to put an end to the maltreatment of Koreans. Missionaries in Chosen have sent a delegation to Japan to appeal to the Government, and in America Lhe Federal Council of the Churches has made representations to the Japanese ambassador in Washington, and direct to Premier Hara in Tokyo. (See page 647.) A leading Japanese statesman testifie,s that missionaries have been pioneers in the field of education. Last year the Japanese Parliament voted 40,000,000 yen, and the Emperor gave out of his own purse 10,000,000 yen more for higher educa- tion. Yet this will not adequately meet the intellectnal demand of young Japan. (See page 657.) Of all the causes of anti-Japanese feeling in Chosen, both near and remote, Rev. T. Suzuki, a Japanese Christian, considers selfish imperialism most important. Materialistic patriotism permeates the entire educational policy of Japan, and produces a race unsuited to colonization. Thorough-going reformation in political ideals is called for, and to this end 110 work is so urgent as the evangelization of Japan. (See page 661.) Democratic tendencies are manifest in the Japanese Empire as well as in the rest of the world. Recently two auto loads of Japanese rushed through the streets of Seoul, shouting "Democracy Banzai." (See page 664.) Uke Jewish leaders of Christ's time, Japanese statesmen are trying to bottle llew wine in old 5kins. Tryiug to reconcile antiqnated institutions with modern thonght, democratic idealism with militarism, individualism wi th ancestor worship, and industrialism with feudalistic conceptions of society, have brought a train of problems for which only the Christian solution is adequate. (See page 673.) Forty-eight years ago Japan had only a mere handful of mills. Last year she operated over 25,000 modern mills, and her foreign trade totaled more than two and a half billion yen. This rapid development of economic resources has not been accompanied by a normal adjustment to new conditions, and constitutes a serious handicap in her bid for world power. (See page 676.) Careful estimates give the proportion of women and girls employed in Japanese industry as three-fifths of the total. Thirty-four thousand labor in coal mines, and three-fifths of these are under twenty years of age, while ten per cent are between twelve and fifteen. (See page 680.) A free clinic and dispensary is now being built at Ahualulco, Mexico, where re- ligious instruction will be given to all who apply for treatment, and which is to be named "Sala de Curaciones Stephens," in memory oj the first evangelical Chris- tian martyr in Mexico, Rev. John L. Stephens. (See page 687.) A Japanese peasant sect, Tenrikyo, is said to bave 3,500,000 adherents and 2,000 preaching centers. It is a variation of Shintoism, and in some respects analogous to Christian Science. (See page 70J.) Twenty-one prayer group,S in Korea meet on the last Thursday of every month to pray for Israel. Five hundred Japanese Christians have organized a Prayer Union for Jews, and a similar union in China recently held its eighteenth annual meeting. (See page 704.) A Christian newspaper published at Aintab, Turkey, has a subscription list of four hundred, and is said to be the mo,st important single agency in preventing dis- turbances. Funds for supporting it are supplied by British officers. (See page 797.)

A LIFE SIZED AFRICAN KRAAL AT COLUMBUS

Women at the mill, the drum call, industries and customs were exhibited A PILIPINO HOME AND FILIPINO CHRISTIANS SCENES AT THE METHODIST CENTENARY, COLUMBUS, OHIO LIFE AND WORK IN ALL LANDS WONDERFULLY PRESENTED

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL SEPTEMBER, 1919 NUlIBJlR XLII NINBjI BUDDHISM VS. CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN T HIRTY years ago, when Japan was making such wonderful progress, she unfortuuately took a misstep. Seeing that missionary work, although not in any sense a political organization, had an immense political influence, she feared that the spread of Christianity would lead to the democratization of her government, and possibly to the dominationof the East by America. To avert what she considered a calamity, Japan began to promote Buddhism. The temples which had fallen into decay were rebuilt. Christian methods of propaganda were imitated in the attempt to revive this old and dying religion. The influence of the leaders of Japan was turned against Christianity.

In her ambition to become the dominating force in Asia, Japan is pursuing much the same policy today, in spite of her professed religious liberty. One of her demands on China was to the effect that Japan should be allowed to propagate Buddhism. She has already established in Shanghai the Haloon College for promoting Japanese ideals and Buddhism. The natural sympathy of missionaries with freedom, progress and patriotism in Korea and China, intensifies Japanese suspicion and hostility to Christianity.

What is to be the outcome of this politico-religious crisis? "God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise, and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty." Who would have thought that the simple preaching of repentance and salvation would have thrown off as a by-product so much intelligence and patriotism as to revolutionize the Orient~ Japan herself was reorganized largely through American and Christian influence. China threw off the Manchu yokp and thp decadf'nt monarchy. KOTf'a is now 6U

calliug 011 God to deliver her from Japanese militarism. Missionaries do not preach politics, but God works through political events as well as through the Church.

If only the broad-minded and more intelligent Christian element in Japan can gain control of Japan's policy, things will be different. ThE' Ohurch can help forward the day of freedom and the acknowledgment of God's love, not by political intrigue hut by preaching the Gospel of peace, goodwill and righteousness.

Japan is today facing a crisis. Never before did the nation face such a critical period, according to the judgment of General Hibiki, a prominent Ohristian and member of the Presbyterian Ohurch who has recently returned from France. General Hibiki believes that the religious and spiritual welfare of his people hangs in the balance, with great opportunity for evangelical awakenings. He asks America to send her strongest Ohristian speakers to reach the intellectual classes of the Empire through lectures on Christian theology and practical experience, to cover periods of one or two months. He also is anxious to mobilize the strongest native leaders and send them about from center to center. The Allied nations have had their great financial drives to enable them to provide the sinews of war. Is it not fitting that the Churc,h unite in a great spiritual drive to mobilize the spiritual forces in .Japan and enable them to meet successfully the temptations that come with military victory and material prosperity~ .Japan's great need is for Christian character and this can only be had through the indwelling of Jesus Christ in the individual Japanese. The non-Christian leaders in Japan realize the need of strength of character and purity of ideals in education, business and politics, but most of them do not know the secret of such character. The nation's successes and the virtues of the people in- . crE'ase the difficulty of leading them to see the supreme importance of spiritual life in Christ. This is the opportunity of the Christian Ohurch.

THE SHANTUNG AWARD AND MISSIONS F ROM a purely missionary point of view it may matter little what nation has political control of a given territory or people. The work of establishing the Ohristian Ohurch was no doubt better carried forward in Apostolic days, under the militaristic and materialistic government of Rome, than it would have been under the more idealistic rule of GreE'ce or the more religious domination of the Hebrews. So, today, it is not primarily a missionary question whether British or French, American, Chinese or Japanese power shall be in temporal control of any corner of the globe. Anyone of these governments may establish order and promotf' eivilization. But it is of great importance

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

whether the political "powers that be" mete out impartial justice and guarantee freedom from oppression, and whether they arc controlled by high ideals that make possible enlightenment, peace and liberty of conscience and worship. These are essential for the progress of Christianity and for the welfare of humanity. Thl' Christian Church recognizes God as the one Supreme Ruler, and while Christians acknowledge that, "the powers that be are ordained of God," they hold that only these governments are right, or have a right to exist, that conform to the laws of God. Men owe allegiance to the State, but the requirements of the State must not conflict with man's duty to God.

While the Japanese occupation of Shantung is not in itself a matter of special concern to the missionaries, the administration of justice, freedom from oppression and vice, the enjoyment of full liberty under Japanese or any other rule, is a matter of deep concern to all interested in the progress of the Kingdom of God. Reports from Americans in Shantung state that there are many instances which seem to indicate that the Japanese are endeavoring to establish their authorHy there, not by enlightened mefuods of good government, education and mercy, but by arbitrary military force. The omnipresent spies are ruthlessly seeking to discover anti-Japanese propaganda, which the anthorities combat with a strong hand. Such things naturally create opposition, and, as onl' result, the school girls of Peking have issued a circular statingthat 200,000,000 women of China are interested in the fate of Shantung and will support the men in their fight for justice. There is also a well organized boycott of Japanese goods and money among Chinese in the province.

Unfortunately, also, the Japanese authorities seem to be manifesting in some ways their antagonism to Christian missions and their lack of sympathy with Christian ideals. A correspondent writes: "Our (mission) work is quite broken up; evangelists ar0 nfrnid to preach, Chinese teachers fear to teach; people have their Bibles seized; the populace is enraged and terrified." The authorities have recently expelled one of the Chinese Christian teachers in the Mission College at Tsinan for distributing patriotic pamphlets.

The Japanese people' have many excellent qualifications for conducting an enlightE'nE'd civil government, which might make any pE'ople welcome their cooperation in efforts to establish freedom find civilization. Three great faults are, however, manifest in their rule in Korea and in China. These cause unrest in thE' territory they control and awaken deep concern in the minds of all who seek to promote Christian civilization. First, Japanese dependence on military power and methods as the basis of peace iR coupled with hE'r large use of spies to diRcovef what she COll-

siders subversive movements. Second, Japan's suspicion and ignorance Qf Christianity leads her officrrs to count as treason the Christian teaching of the "Second Coming of Christ," lest His Kingdom should interfne with Japan's program. Third• . Japan's secret and selfish diplomacy destroys confide nee in her sincerity and nohility of purpose as expressed in the public utter- ances of some of her statesmen. These faults would be as objec- tionable in any other nation, but they are especially injurious to the government that has recently become a "first-class power" and is seeking to establish a reputation for justice and enlightenment.

As a missionary correspondent in China writes : ' 'But for God and prayer the lovers of China would be in despair."

RECENT DISTURBANCES IN INDIA R EPORTS are only just beginning to come from India to show the gravity of some of the disturbances there. Rights and demonstrations have been numerous, especially in Mohammedan seclions like the Punjab. Some lives have been lost and conditions are critical. The spirit of unrest is general and the desire for self-government prevails; but while the British are committed to some rdorm measures, and will grant these as fast as the people show ability to profit by them, the agitations will probably delay for some years the granting of political reforms in India. The action of the mob in attacking Europeans and in destroying Government property has been strongly disapproved by Indians, especially the educated classes. This does not mean that the people are satisfied, but they recognise that the Government is [strong and is determined to maintain law and order, and therefore they advise quiet. The method adopted by the new Amir of Afghanistan to secure his throne by invading India may also have had a quieting influence, for no Indian wishes his country to be invaded by Afghans. The present outlook is brighter, and if the Government will bring forward their proposals for the government of the country in a practical form as soon as possihle it will be a great pacifier. The publication of the Act to confer additional powers on the people of India would give the people something upon which to exercise their minds and educate them in the principles of self-government. They would thus be diverted from anarchist and destructive idealS to consider constructive and practical methods of government. There is great need for a campaign to educate the masses of India politically. During the recent agitation the way in which the Government was misrepresented shows that evil and designing men misled the masses. The educated must help to form a true public opinion.

The Commission appointed to consider the franchise in India has practically reported in fllvor of "communal representation,"

for as long as people think only in terms of their caste or sectarian community, they cannot take broad national views. Communal representation is not however the ideal desired. – The Anglo-Indian press traces the cause of the trouble to Bolshevik activity, and the Indian pres,s traces it to the Oriminal Investigation Department, and what is called the Rowlatt Act. Dr. E. D. Lucas, Principal for Forman Christian College, Lahore, writes that in his opinion the real roots of the trouble are the economic dist'ress; the unjust enforcement of the recruiting laws amongst the peasantry; the extremist politicians who desire almost immediate home-rule; the great mass of inexperienced students in the large cities; an uneasy feeling that India will not get her just reward for having helped the British Government in the great war; the unwise propaganda against the Rowlatt Act and the unsympathetic actions of certain EngliJsh officials.

One Scene of the disturbance last April was Lahore, where the Forman Christian College students were involved with the students of other colleges in the city. Black banners, inscribed with patriotic sentiments, were carried in procassions, and when these students clashed with the police a number were slain. Shops we're closed and martial law was proclaimed. Forman Christian College buildings were occupied by British troops, other colleges were put under martial law, and one medical college was closed fOT five months. Dr. Lucas was requested to conduct an educational campaign to explain to the student class the nature of the Rowlatt Act, about which there wa:s much misunderstanding. A meeting was called of all principals of colleges and head maste'rs of schools in Lahore, and a very successful campaign of education was conducted.

One thing was made clear in Lahore-that the Christian influence of a mission college ha:s a restraining influence on disorder, and prepares the young men of India for responsible self-government. The impressionable and excitable students must be steadied and taught self-control, and must learn the principles of righteous- ness and good government.

A "NATION WIDE" EPISCOPAL CAMPAIGN A THREE-YEAR, spiritual educational and financial campaign is the program of the Protestant Episcopal Church to strengthen and consolidate its work in its present fields and for new tasks in hitherto uncultivated fields.

A large sum, running into the tens of millions of dollars, is to be raised in the three-year period, the larger share of which will be spent at home, but with a considerable amount left to further the work in foreign mission fields. In America, the money is to be used to further the Church's work among the immigrants, to obtain and train reoruits to carry out the increased work, to build up and

strengthen the churches materially, and to find a real substitute for the saloon. The underlying motive of the whole movement is a spiritual awakening through exerting the full spiritual power of the Church upon the whole, world-wide task now confronting it.

The campaign will be conducted on a national scate, and with, it is hoped, the united backing of every diocese and missionary di:s- trict, so that the final result will be a re-awakening of spiritual life in every branch of the Church organization. More than seventy- five of the Bishops have already endorsed the movement, and it is believed that the others will do so.

The purposes of the national campaign have been officially presented as follows: 1. To bring the spiritual power of the Church to bear upon the Church's whole task.

2. To secure and train an increased and adequate number of people for ChTistian leadership-clerical and lay.

3. In consultation with the proper authorities, to care for the financial needs of all the Provinces, Diocelses and Missionary Dis- tricts of a missionary, religious, educational or social service nature.

4. To care, on a yearly bwsis for three years, for the financial needs of all the General Boards, including such general agencies as the mrl's Friendly Society, the Church Periodical Club, etc.

Every general agency of the Church will be included-the Board of Missions,· the General Board of Religious Education and the Joint Commissions on Social Service; the two auxiliaries of the Board of Missions, the Woman'iS Auxilia>ry and the American Church Institute for Negroes; also such organization'S as the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, the Girls' Friendly Society, etc.

A survey will be made of all the work of the Episcopal Church at home and abroad, covering all departments of the work, to ascertain what work is now under way, how it can be improved and what new undertakings should be entered upon; committees will be formed in each Diocese to cooperate with the Bishop and with the national organization; and a combined budget will be made up, based upon the survey, covering all the needs of the geneTal agencies. and, if the Bishop approve, of each Diocese. Hence the exact amount to be raised through the national campaign cannot be told until the surveys are all in. An every member canvass will take place in the fall and in the meantime a program of education and inspiration will be carried on throughout the whole Church.

The campaign :Us in charge of the Campaign Executive Committee consisting of Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd, the Treasurer of the Board of Missions, Miss Grace Lindley, Rev. Dr. Robert W. Patton, National Directo'r, and Rev. R. Bland Mitchell, named as manager of the Central Office.

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TEAOHING MISSIONS TO MULTITUDES WHO would have conceived, a few years ago, of the possibility of inaugurating a mission study class of fifty or sixty thousand a day to cover a period of twenty-four days? Add to this the fact that the preparation for this class took many months, cost over one million dollars, and that the area covered by the demonstration was over one hundred acres. Add still further to the program that for this mission study, men and women were brought from all over the world, that government officials, statesmen and business men, professors, philanthropistf', bishops, missionaries, secretaries and pastors wore the teachers. Yet this gives only a slight conception of what has been actually done by one denomination-or twins-at the Methodist Oentenary celebration, which was held at Oolumbus, Ohio, from June 20th to July 13th, inclusive.

This celebration partook of the character of a Missionary World's Fair, a visit to most of the mission fields of the world (home and foreign), a gigantic mission study class and a demonstration of what Ol1ristian missions have done and are doing for mankind. Over 10,000 people were employed in connection with this missionary exhibition. They included one thousand boys, who acted as Oentenary Oadets, over four thousand demonstrators and lecturers for the exhibits, and a chorus, orchestra and performers in the pageant numbering over 2,000. The attendance was from 20,000 to 75,000 a day, and one who wished to study the whole exhibition and hear all the lectures would require at least fifteen days.

Several remarkable features of the celebration should be noted. First, it was wonderfully well organized under the direction of Dr. S. Earl Taylor, Dr. Fred B. Fisher, Mr. H. B. Dickson and the various heads of departments. One whole huilding was devoted to the administrative offices.

Second, the magnitude of the undertaking was remarkable. There were thousands of men and women giving their whole time to the work. There were huge buildings-one seating over 8,000 peopJe-and a grandstand with larger capacity. The huge screen for open air stereopticon pictures measured over one hundred feet in diameter and human figures thrown on it were over twenty feet tall. Great buildings were devoted to exhibits from various countries and the painted scenery reproduced wit h remarkable 647

exactness the setting of mission work in other lands. The daiJy official program noted some two hundred or more events and the Ohio State Journal devoted four pages daily to an illustrated supplement under the editorship of Rev. Charles Stelzle.

Third, there WB:S a wonderful variety in the methods of instruction. The pageant gave an artistic and dramatic demonstration of the purpose and power of Christianity; the history and habits of the peoples of every nation and tongue were shown in curios, models, charts and pictures. Houses, temples, shops, restaurants and streets were reproduced in lifelike character and proportions. There were motion pictures, demonstrations, tableaux and lectures to explain the customs in various lands and the methods of missionary work. In the North Africa section there was a daily debate between a missionary and a Moslem to show the arguments for and against Christianity. There were contrasts-as in Chinashowing the native method of treating disease with iron needles and disgusting potions as compared to the methods of modern science. There were the mission chapels in each country, in which sample misHion services were conducted.

Fourth, each mission field was shown by unique methods and exhibits. China had its mission hospital and its large temples of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. India had its bathing ghats of Benares, its heathen temple, schools, homes of high and low caste, and its marriage scenes and mission work. Japan had its garden with bridge, waterfall and torii j its kindergarten, with real Japanese children, and its houses and shops. Malaysia had its Malay and Borneo houses, its mechanical model of a Filipino mountain village. Latin America was rich in churches, homes of the peon and the aristocrat, and Aztec scenes. Central Africa had its.kraal with stockade and a dozen huts, with women grinding corn, and men beating the drum, while North Africa showed the Moorish village, harem, bazaar, camel and other life touches. Europe showed the areas devastated by war and the plans for reconstruction. Norih America contained Eskimo huts, Indian tepees, homes of southern mountaineers, a miniature Ellis Island, a model community church and countless other attractions. But, aside from the lectures by missionaries, the most impressive feature of the exhibition to those who knew their significall(=" was the number of native Christians drawn together as followers of Christ from almost every nation under Heaven. There were American Indians, once ignorant blanket warriors, now Christian preachers; and black faced Africans, whose hearts have been made white and whose minds have been educated; there were Filipino Christians, men and women, with beautiful faces; there were Chinese, Japanese and Koreans, all living and working together in harmony. Men and women from India and Burma showed the power of God

EDITORIAL COMMENT

to transform worshippers of Vishnu and Buddha, and to bring all castes and people into one family.

This exhibition by one dwomination shows what might be accomplished in a united demonstration. Many features failed to do more than interest or amuse, and some were valueless from a missionary standpoint, but most of the exhibits were highly instructive and could not fail to make a lasting impression. There is danger in over e,mphasizing the novel and the dramatic in missionary work, but eye-gate and ear-gate, are twin entrances to the brains and hearts of men. Duty must not be neglected because it is uninteresting, but neither need a vision or a task be considered less spiritual and diviIH~ because it is made attractive.

THE CHURCHES AND THE INTERCHURCH T HE SUCCESS of the Interchurch World Movement will depend, first, on the nearness of its ideals and plans to the program of God; second, on the spiritual emphasis and power in each department of the work; third; on the sanity, energy, and Christ-likeness of the leaders; and fourth, on the extent and heartiness of the cooperation of various sections of the Christian Church. The first means right aims; the second, real power; the third, satisfactory machinery; and the fourth, the necessary sinews of war-both men and money.

The ideals of the Movement have been clearly defined and effective machinery is being set up and put in operation. It is the other two factors that are not yet fully determined. 'The Movement was inaugurated by Church leaders and has been approved by some seventy official denominational and interchurch boards, including home and foreign missionary and educational agencies; interdenominational organizations, such as the Bible Society, the Tract Society, the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Y. P. S. C. E. and the Laymen's and MisHionary Education Movement. These have all expressed approval. though the real relation of the interchurch program to the nOll-denominational organizations is not yet determined. It is not certain, for instance, whether the Y. M. C. A. will be officially related or how close will be the cooperation of such missionary agencies as the China Inland Mission, the Christian and Missionary Alliance and independent Christian workers in city, home and foreign fields. Their work cannot be ignored in any world program, but they are not denominational societies. , The following reports show the official action taken by some of the denominational bodies and indicate their attitude toward the Movement.

The Seventh Day Baptist general conference was to meet August 19-25th and to reach some decision on its relation to the

movement. Concerning this a further announcement will be made later.

The Northern Baptist Convention assembled in Denver last May and adopted the following resolutions in regard to the Movement: "Resolved, That the Northern Baptist Convention, reaffirming the im- perative duty of. Baptists to bear full testimony to the full truth in Jesus Christ as they find it taught in the New Tesament, and recognizing the right of each local church to determine its own duty without dictation or control by any outside human authority, expresses its readiness to cooperate in the Interchurch World Movement of North America on the following condi- tions: "First, that we be represented in the joint survey of the home and for- etgn fields by members of our denomination appointed by the denomination, and while giving careful consideration to the report of such survey, we reserve unimpaired the freedom to follow our own convictions of truth and the leadings of divine Providence.

Second, that a joint campaign of information and inspiration be con- ducted for the promotion of stewardship.

"Third, that a simultaneous financial campaign be promoted in which each denomination shall present its own budget to its own constituency, secure its own pledges, collect the same, and administer its own program of expansion.

"Fourth, that the Baptists who are officers of the Interchurch World Movement, members of its Executive Committee and of its General Com- mittee be selected by the Northern Baptist Convention.

Fifth, that in our cooperation with the Interchurch World Movement we act through the General Board of Promotion of the Northern Baptist Convention. It is assumed that the State Conventions will act through their respective State organizations.

Sixth, that evangelical denominational bodies only be represented in the Interchurch World Movement.

"Seventh, that the Interchurch World Movement do not promote organic union of denominations or of local churches, or the establishment of local church federations, or non-denominational churches. .

"Eighth, that the literature and promotion methods of the Interchurch World Movement be not in contravention of these principles, and that we reserve the right to supplement the literature of the Movement by literature prepared by our own denomination."

This action was a compromise between those who would have been ready for unreserved and complete cooperation and a considerable number who prefer no relation to the Movement whatever. Some local experiences with nominal federation efforts had created complications and caused prejudice against the Movement. Many prefer to restrict the financial appeal to organize church activities because of a fear that the simultane,ous appeal to the same persons for several distinct causes would not produce the best results. Since the Baptist churches are congregational in government, the vote of the Convention will have no more authority with the individual churches than each ·wishes to accord to it.

The Congregational Churches have not yet taken official action

through their National Coullcil, but the Commission on Missions and the various home, foreign, educational and Sunday-school boards have voted to cooperatf'. Some changes may be made in view of the action of the Baptists and Presbyterians.

.The National Baptist Convention (colored) is to meet in Newark, N. J., on September tenth and will then take final action on the subject. It is expected that the Convention will vote to cooperate with the Movement.

The Disciples of Christ have had no convention to act upon th(~ question of participation, but the missionary boards have entered pnthusiastically into the program.

The Christian Church in its quadrennial convention at Conneaut, Ohio, in A.pril, "endorsed the purposes and aim of the Movement and pledged its hearty cooperation."

The American Friends, through the executive committee of the Five Years Meetings, expressed sympathy and unity with the Movement and the determination to cooperate fully. The details were left to a Forward Movement Committee. Other ]1~riends boards have also expressed hearty approval.

The Lutheran Church has not yet taken definite action, as their general convention has not convened.

The Methodist Episcopal Church has heartily endorsed the Movement through the action of its various boards and Bishops, and has furnished much of the fundS, the men and the machinery to inaugurate the work. They have, however, recently completed a successful campaign in which they secured pledges for about $100,- 000,000 for the work of the Church, at home and abroad, in the next five years. The General Oonvention will not meet until 1920.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has taken Mtion through the annual meeting of the Board of Missions as follows: "The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has always stood for the most hearty cooperation between all evangelical churches, and we stand ready to cooperate in every practical way with those who have in hand this Movement in the interest of closer relationship between the churches of Ohrist in America; "But in view of the fact that we, as a Church, have just completed our Centenary Drive, we do not see our way clear to participate in another drive for funds such as is contemplated by the Interchurch W orId Movement.

"However, we offer to the leaders of this Movement the benefIt of our experience in organization and methods and the results of all onr various surveys; and we declare our willingness to cooperate in a more extended and minute survey of religious conditions in the United States and in foreign fields, and we recommend that our secretaries be instl'Ucted to prepare for and enter

upon such cooperation in consultation with the executive committee of this Board."

The African lliethodist Episcopal Church expresses sympathy with the Movement, but have not thus far taktn any definite action.

The Methodist Protestant Chrurch has not yet been able to act, as the general conference will not be held until uext year. The officials of the church boards, hav~, however, expressed approval of the Movement and have voted to cooperate. They are in the midst of a quadrennial campaign for missions and education. The officials are opposed to organic union with other denominations.

The United Brethren in Christ have not held any meeting of the general conference, but the executive committees of the various Boards of the church have voted to cooperate in the Movement, but to what extent has not been considered.

The Moravians, through the directors of the Society for Prol1<1sating the Gospel, have heartily endorsed the Movement ami expressed approval of it and willingness to cooperate, provided it does not involve them in preliminary budget and overhead expenses out of proportion to any financial returns which may be reasonably expected from the Moravian constituency; and provided further, that it is clearly understood that it is impossible to determine accurately Moravian responsibilities in the foreign field until it is known whether or not Moravian missions can be administered internationally as before the war.

The PTOtesiani Episcopal Church is not able, through its Board of Missions, to cooperate with the Interchurch Vorld Movement. The Board is, however, keenly interested and has commended the Movement to the consideration of the Bishops. An "Every Name Campaign" is now being promoted in the Church, and the resulting survey, with recommendations, will be submitted to the next general convention.

The PI'esbyterian Ch~trch (North) voted at the general assembly in St. Louis, last May, to commit the whole question of cooperation with the Movement to the executive commission of the assembly, with power to act within the limits of five principles, namely: (1) That the cooperative movement, as above specified, be one of agencies of evangdical churches. (This specification rules out non-evangelical churches and non-ecclesiastical organizations.) (2) That in the proposed cooperation, the Presbyterian Church shall function through its committee on the New Era Mowment.

(3) That the cooperation shall involve the following features: (a) a common survey of the home and foreign fir Ids; (b) a united ~ropaganda to reach the whole Protestant Church of North America in (;lducational and inspirational campaigns; (c) a simul-

1I1l~1 EDITORIAL COMMENT

taneous campaign to realize the budgets; (d) a full presentation to the Interchurch Movemrnt of the Presbyterian budget for all the boards and agencies as approved by the exeC'utive commission.

(4) That the cooperation shall be upon the condition that funds raised by the Presbyterian churches and agencies shall be paid to and distributed through the regular channels of the Presbyterian Church..

(5) That no financial obligations for the administrative expenses of the Interchurch Movement shall be incurred by any of our boards or agencies without the authorization of the general assembly or its executive commission.

"There the matter rests for the present as far as the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. is concerned. The executive commission is thus left free to proceed to cooperation within the ahovespecified principles. It is also left free to do nothing, if that seems to be the wise course. The Presbyterian Church is waiting for fuller information, but desires to cooperate with every organization laboring for the coming Kingdom of Christ."

The Presbyterian Church (South) also took action, at its general assembly in May, expressing gratification and approval of the Movement, endorsed the action of the executive committee, and votrd to cooperate, provided that such action would not interfere with the denominational program on foot to secure $12,000,000 fo~ benevolrnces. Plans for participation in the Movement was re-. ferred to the general assE'mbly's stewardship committee.

The United Presbyterian Church at its General Assembly recommended: "That the Assemhly approve the full cooperation of our Church with the Interchurch World Movement in its proposed campaign, in so far as it may not interfere with the recognized missionary and financial policies and methods of the United Presbyterian Church, and on condition that a lar~e majority of the principal denominations agree to cooperate in this Movement."

The Reformed Church in America, at its general synod in June, adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That we set the seal of our sympathetic endorsement upon the Movement. . . . . . and that we empower the Boards of our Church and the Progress Campaign Committee to cooperate with the Interchurch Movement in so far as they can do so in harmony with their work."

This action was intended to express the sympathy of the denomination with the Movement and to give the boards liberty of action in developing their cooperation with the Movement, which would be essrntial to the plans already adopted by these boards.. A Reformed Church Progress Campaign is now fully under way.

The Rf'formed Chtlren in the 1'nitcd States took definite action when the Board of ForE'ign MissionI', at its annual meeting held

last February, "gave its hearty f'ndorsement to the plan of the Interchurch World Movement," and when the general synod endorsed the Movement last March and "offered cooperation. " These two actions are interpreted to mean that the Reformed Ohurch "regards the Interchurch Vorld Movement as a united effort to lift to a higher plane the entire work of the Ohurch of Ohrist. There seems to be a practical unanimity as to the need @f such a Movement in order to carry to a successful issue the smaller movements in the several denominations." A forward movement has been authorized by the general synod with a goal of $6,000,000 for the boards and institutions of the Ohurch.

JAPAN AND THE KOREAN REVOLUTION W E PUBLISH this month various statements relating to the distressing situation in Korea. Baron Goto's address delivered in New York speaks a word in behalf of the Japanese Government; a Japanese Ohristian viewpoint, is found iu an article published in the Japanese press, and other quotations are given from missionaries and eye witnesses in Ohosen. We have purposely omitted the most extreme and bitter reports and denunciations of Japan issued by Koreans connected with the In- . dependence Movement. The evidence presented is convincing that the Japanese anthorities in Korea have been cruel and inhuman in their treatment of the Korean men and women whose only crime was an earnest desire for freedom. These Koreans were unarmed and for the most part confined their riots to the shouting of "Manzai," the closing of shops, and peaceful demonstrations in the streets. It is reported that a thousand people have been killed and six thousand imprisoned.

While Korean Ohristians have naturally been connected with the demonstrations, as lovers of liberty and leaders in reform mov('- ments, they have counseled moderation and peaceful measures. They have been ready to suffer with courage, but have sought to prevent violence. In spite of this, the Japanese have seemed to be especially bitter against the Ohristians and in one instance at least are reported to have gathered the Ohristian men in a .church, to have slain them and then set fire to the whole village.

The situation is still critical. While the active demonstrations have ceased and the most violent repressive measures of the Japanese government have been discontinued, the spirit of unrest prevails. Schools have been closed since March because teachers and pupils in many places refused to attend. Church services haY<.' been discontinued because of Japanese terrorism, and shops were only kept open under threat of the gendarmes.

The missionaries have kept aloof from the political phases of the disturbance, but as men and women with heart and conscienc('.

1919J EDITORIAL COMMENT

they could not stand idly by and see, without r~IDOnstrtlnoo, unanned old men and children shot, bayonetted and clubbed, young girls and· women stripped and abused by the police and every kind of indignity and abuse jnflicted on the people, to whom the missionaries are devoting their lives. They are in peculiar need of our prayers for, while they do not consider themselves in personal danger, their position is one of extraordinary difficulty.

Energetic measures have been taken by American Christians to put an e·nd to the maltreatment of Koreans. The missionaries in Ohosen have appealed to local Japanese authorities and before the Governor-General, and have sent a delegation to Japan to lay the matter before the government. In America, the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches, through its "Committee on Oriental Relationships," has made representations to the Japanese ambassador at Washington and direct to Premier Hara in Tokyo. Some publicity has been given to the affair in the press, but the great mass of evidence has not yet been made public.

The chief cause of the trouble seems to be the failure of Japan to give Korea a civil government, or to put into operation a system which could ,yin the respect and cooperation of the Koreans. The milita,ry party in Japan, which has been in control in Korea, has been characterized by the same system and ideals that have brought German militarism into disrepute. The Japanese have not Christian ideals and have ruled Koreans with an iron hand. Many of the officials in Chosen have feared and hated the Christian Church. Thev have not understood the Korean language, nor their ideals, "and have endeavored to force upon their wards Japanese milita,ry ideals and institutions. If peace and prosperity are coming to Korea there must be a change in the Japanese policy. The Honorable Yukio Ozaki, formerly mayor of Tokyo, Minister of Education and Minister of Justice in Marquis Okuma's cabinet, has disapproved of the militaristic policy in Korea and has expressed the opinion that the time has corne when "Korpans must be given a stronger voice in their government."

Word has just been received (August 21) to the effect that Japan will immediately replace the military by a civil government in Chosen, and will establish other reforms to benefit the Koreans. Among these reforms are the abolition of all distinction between Japanese and Koreans, politically, socially and otherwise. The military governor is to be replaced by a civil g-overnor, Baron Saito, and a Director-General, Mr. Midzuno, both civilians.

The proposed reforms do not satisfy the Independence Party in Korea, who declare that nothing short of self-determination will bring peace in Chosen. The Koreans are skeptical as to the beneficent character of the changes. Friends of Japan and of Korea hope, however, that a right solution of the trouble is in sight.~Editor.

Will of God for the

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, LL. D.

"Then said I, La I am come; in the roll of the book it is written of me I delight to do Thy will 0 my God"-Psalm 40: 7,8. (Cf. Heb. 10:7).

"After this 11Ulnner therefore pray.ye: Our Father ….. . Thy will be done"-Matt. 6:10.

"The good and acceptable and perfect will "of God"-Rom. 12:2 "Making known unto us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure which He purposed in Him unto a dispensation of the fullness of time to sum up all things in Christ …… who worketh all things after the counsel of His will"-Eph. 1 :9-11. _ T HE NEW TESTAMEN'I' iutcrpretation of Psalm 40 shows that the Incarnation was the glad fulfilment of God's will. Christ came from heaven to do the will of God (.Tohn 6:38). That will for the world, as wen as for the individual, is good in its origin; acceptable in its working to those who love God, and per- fect in its final result. When we know God's will for the world we also know it for ourselves. Study the use of the word world, for example, in the prayer of our Lord in the seventeenth chapter of John's Gospel.

The only thing that really matters for a Christian is the will of God. It is supreme. It is the only clue in the maze of cir- cumstance. Nothing can shake the faith or zeal of the man who knows it. "He that doeth the will of God abideth forever."

We know God's will for the world: 1. By His eternal purpose to save a lost world. John 3:16. 2. By His definite command, repeated in Christ's fourfold com- mission. Matt. 28 :19, 20 j Mark 16 :15 ; John 20 :21; Acts 1 :8. 3. By His gracious promises, which, like the blue-prints of the architect, show the glory of the palace that is to he. Its elevation, its four-square foundation, its many mansions, its golden beauty. God will sum up all things in Christ. Every tongue will confess Him and His glory will flood the earth. Isaiah 60: Psalm 72. 4. By His character. God's truth must overcome all error and burn the falsehood from the souls of men. God's purity can not tolerate moral sepsis in His world. God's compassion shows us how to look upon all human. sin and sorrow and shame. 5. By His Providence. "Thy will be done on earth." If you would know God's will for the world look around at the new day that is dawning. The crisis calls for courage. The· open doors , beckon, the closed doors challenge. God is, unmistakably, working out His purpose for the world. Shall we fail Him T 6. By His disciples and the program before them. Paul said, "Be ye followers of me, as dear children." The glorious company of the apostles.. the noble army of martyrs, the holy church. througbout all thc' world-what is thc'ir program "I Follow after.

656

Statesman on Christian

BY BARON SHIMPEI GOTO, TOKYO, JAPAN From an address delivered by Baron Gala at a dinner given to him by the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions in New York last J""e.

I EMBHACE this opportunity to speak of three points re- garding Christian missionary work in Japan. (1) What Chris- tianity has done in Japan. (2) What Japan has done for Chris- tianity, or rather our attitude towards it. (3) What I hope missionaries may do for our people.

The work of Christian mis- sions in Japan has not been properly recognized by our pub- lic men. This is not so much from lack of appreciation on their part as from the fact that ''ork of a religious character is necessarily wrought in silenc€'

and privacy. If full justice is impossible, we can still bear wit- BARON SHIMPEI GOTO ness to such labors as were not hidden under a bushel, but have been as lights shining before men.

In no field of activity, 01' enterprise, have missionaries accom- plished more than in that of education. At ll'ast to a layman this has been most apparent. In the early seventies when our govern- ment and people were engrossed in readjustment, both at home and in foreign relations, and you could pay but scant attention to the all important question of education, missionaries rendered inestimable service, espEcially in the lines then most neglected by us-the education of women and of the poor. Even after our school system was more or less perfected, they continued to make good deficiencies in our general scheme of instruction. We own, with no small sense of shame, that the country cannot satisfy all the demands for education among our own people.

Among the late Emperor's five articles of oath, which were practically the Magna Charta of new Japan, it was stated that the low, as well as the high, should have their desires satisfied, and no desire has been stronger with both than that for education. This, of course, not only means the expansion of the soul, but the less spiritual opening of careers. The government has by no means

neglected its schools, but has llE'V(f been able to keep pace with the growing needs. Only last spring Parliament voted some 40,000,000 yen and the Emperor gave out of his own private purse 10,000,000 yen mon~ for the el'('ction of higher institutions of learning. Even then the intellectual demands of young Japan cannot be adequately met. W emust for some time depend upon private enterprise and upon missionary efforts to remedy the insufficiency. As to the education of women, missionaries have been pioneers in our country.

But missionary activities are in no way confined to strictly religious and educational lines. What they have done and are doing in the :(ield of philanthropy is comparatively little known. As I have myself always been interested in public charities, I have watched with peculiar interest the development of Christian effort in this line. The many institutions connected with church organizations, started with the purpose of assisting the poor, of comforting widows and orphans, are innumerable. Their endeavor to overcome moral and physical degradation-such as prostitution on one hand and tuberculosis on the other-may well serve as an example. The Salvation Army is constantly widening its sphere of work, while the Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association are contributing a valuable quota to the uplifting of our youth and the amelioration of social miseries.

I am well aware that with all that Americans may have achieved in education and philanthropy, they are not satisfied unless they have at the same time brought our people to Christ. Some years ago, the Salvation Army inaugurated the slogan-"Japan for Christ," and some charged them with the desire to upset the reigning dynasty. I could but laugh at their unnecessary fear for I know that the Kingdom of God, which you Christians preach, is not to be confused with principalities and powers.

I have always in my official career shown my sympathy for Christian missions. As far as I see, there need be no conflict between Christian teaching and our nationalistic idea, as long as no attempt is made to interfere with the political regime. In fact, I am wondering whether the idea of God, as Lord of lords and King of kings, will not find more congenial acknowledgment among the subjects of monarchies than among the citizens of republics.

However that may be, you will give credit to Japan for the liberal attitude she has taken towards Christianity. If she has not welcomed a strange religion, she has not shut the door in its face. We have put no obstacle in the way of missionary progress. Having no state religion, we have put no disabilities on any form of faith. The Constitution has clearly guaranteed religious freedom. The Jesuits, who are not tolerated in many countries, have lately

A JAPANESE S,!'ATESMAN ON CHRISTIAN MISSIO~S

been coming to Japan, and we have placed no barrier to their efforts as long as tlwy refrain from political intrigues. A country that has ill the past thousand years tolerated every sort of alien philosophy and religion, be it Buddhism, 'raoism, Confucianism, still consistently goes on without meddling with individual conscience and faith. If at one. time there was persecution, it was because of political danger incited by a certain profession of faith, and not on account of theological nonconformity.

About two decades ago, there was great concern expressed among missionary boards in regard to our educational laws, lest they should prove hostile to their enterprise. I believe it did not take long to convince them that there was no obstacle to Christian activity in the said la,v". A similar law in Korea created similar anxiety, but this, too, disappeared in a short time. The letter of the law may sometimes sound severe. Does not the Bible itself speak of the letter and the spirit of the law, as two distinct things-the letter killing and the spirit saving? Laws and statutes are necessarily carnal, they are of the earth, earthy. Spiritual concerns are beyond the pale of their authority and they will not intrude into the sacred precincts of religion. Conversely, it will little profit a religious hody to encroach upon the domain of politics. "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's."

. Ever since my arrival in America, I have heard much of socalled Korean massacres. While T have no official report on the incidents, I am m.ost sincerely grieved to heal' of any thing which may give ground for reflection on our rule of Korea. I have some comfort left in thinking that when the alleged cases of maltreatment are thoroughly ('xamined, we shall find them as much exaggerated as were the stories of "water-cure," which was said to have been practiced in the Philippines, but which we were afterwards relieved to heal' were not so shocking as at first reported. If a degree of harshness was inflicted upon those who participated in the Korean riots, this was not intended as an anti-Christian measure. Insurrection must be punished and it makes no difference whether that insurrection is perpetrated by Christians or Buddhists or whatever religionists. As a matter of fact, a very conspicuous part in the late insurrection was played hy a native quasi-religious body which is opposed to Christianity.

I do not know when the time may come that the parliaments of the nations will frame their laws in consonance with the Golden Rule, when mankind shall be ruled by the precepts of Christ. I would be among the first to hail the coming of such a time, but I regret to say I do not see any signs of its near approach. Nevertheless, I believe it must come. It hides as yet far up among the clouds or lies deep down in our breast. I wish to say that without religion it will never be fully reaJizf'd, though I confess I am often be-

wildered by a list of names which may mean everything or nothing or anything-God, Truth, the Iufinite, the First Cause.

Laotze says, "The Name that can be named is not the Eternal Name. The Way that can be way€d, is not the Eternal Way." Infinite wisdom is beyond the human power to comprehend. I sometimes feel that I catch sight of such a Being; for .only at odd moments does He reveal Himself to the inner sight. And yet-all honest and earnest souls must at times feel the presence of such Power.

The oriental mind is vague and abstract. Christianity has been presented to us in so concrete, definite and exact a form, that it has been unacceptable to us. I have read the New Testament and I have sometimes wondered how Christianity came to assume its present form, and thfn I begin to doubt whether this is its final form. Christianity, like any organic body, will, under varying conditions, take forms fit for the time and place of its work. It may thus become more local in color; but the universal and the infinite can best manifest itself in the finite, definite, in order to be comprehended by beings that are themselves limited in power.

The Great Being has been speaking to us in different languages. He has been manifesting Himsf'lf 10m in rli fff'rrnt forms. Shuffie off the raiment in which He is clothrd by fantasy and custom of belief, will He not reveal Himself as Universal Light, as Father of all good, the Fountain of all mercy rnd justicf'-to accept whom is Life and to rejrct whom is Death ~ I shall not preach-it is not my purpose to do so. I have uttered a little of my heart to show you that I am "almost persuaded," and I know that in this respect I represent many of my compatriots. By a slight change in the interpretation and presentation of the teachings of Christ you will open a wide door for the wandering sheep, and I wish to know if Christianity, like so many other beliefs, will see some adjustments as the result of the impending world reconstruction. May the New Age thus pave a New Way for the nations of the earth to come closer in faith and hope, and, above all, in charity.

Looking towards the future, I feel justified in saying that Cht·istianity in Japan will be in safe hands-that in the hands of Japanese disciples the teachings of Christ will not degenerate or decay, but will remain vital and potent through centuries to come. . . . It would be preposterous for me to say that the Japanese will make any improvement upon the Christianity of the West-the Christianity which you of the West have introduced to us. I am, however, quite confident that Christianity, once introduced into Japan, will never decay or decline, but will always remain a living faith.

Emergency in

BY REV. TAKASHI SUZUKI This is a lapanese Christian viewpoint of the disturbances in Korea, printed in the Fukuin Shimpo, May 15, 1919. Most of the facts have, however, been kept from the lapanese press.

T HE DISTURBANCES will be suppressed. What cannot be suppressed is the spirit of the Chosenese, their anti-Japanese thoughts. What should be done about these thoughts and feelings 1 The sources of the ideas are deep and rrmote.

The distant causes are: (1) the historical feeling of contempt for Japan; (2) the enmity due to the TVako (Japanese invasion during the Ashikaga period); (3) the enmity due to the Hotaiko invasion (under Hideyoshi).

The near causes are: (1) opposition to annexation; (2) opposition to Japan's selfish imperialism; (3) political dissatisfaction; (4) financial unrest; (5) opposition to bad treatment socially; (6) disapproval of .Japanese morals.

Of the above causes I comdder .Japanese selfish imperialism the most important. Of all bad governments, that by a Governor- General or Vicerov is considrred the worst. Is it not a fact that not only in Chosr-it, but in China, in America, in Australia, everywhere, this selfish imperialism of Japan has as its shadow the so-called anti-Japanese sentiment ~ Before we hate the shadow it is necessary to look at ourselves. The ideals and principles under which Japan has gone forward are exprl'ssed in the familiar phrases, "Shed the national glory abroad;" "greatly extend our territory;" "rule the world;" and other such expressions. The result is that our neighbors have become anti-Japanese and today on all sides barriers, invited by ourselves, are being raised against us.

Chosl'nese are human beings. They have their national prine, their love of native land. .Tapanese have no monopoly of patriotism. With our shameless swagger and brandishing of "Japanism" how can we quiet their opposition 7 If we do not get rid of this spirit and take our stand upon conduct growing out of the love which "loves the neighbor as onesf'lf" I do not think we can long hold our position as lord of the East.

For example, in school the:> blood of our youth is made to boil (with patriotic fervor) whpn they hear of the Wako invasion and the later subjugation of Chosen. But when one goes to Chosen, he finds that all this was merely sowing the seeds of hatred against Japan. Thifl was to be exppcted. In the TVako invasion the entire roast WIlS ravagpd. the housps burnt, the people killed and their g'oods plundered. The Ja.panese were feared more than tigers.

MI

And in the later punitive expedition the whole land was swept by fire. ~y this invasion, Chosen was so impoverished that she has never recovered. The Chosenese cannot but hate Japan.

And yet the educational policy of Japan has never changed, but goes on just as it was ten and twenty years ago, never getting away from this selfish imperialism. In ethical training, in history, in school readers, in school songs, the old ideals of culture in patriotism permeate the entire system. The patriotism taught is an indiscriminating, Japan-centered, materialistic patriotism which knows of the existence of Japan, but is blindly ignorant of the existence of other nations. The result is the production of a race of people which is very unsuitable for colonization abroad. In Chosen the Japanese who are there, even the women and children, know how to swagger, but they do not know love. They know how to take away, but not how to give. They put on high-spirited airs as they seem to say, "I am a Japanese. Why don't you bow down before me ~" But they know nothing of the moral principle, "He that would be great among you, let him be your servant." On the contrary they seem to think that Yamato Damashii (Japanese spirit) must act on the principle, "He who is chief shall exercise authority," and that the Chosenese are to be suppressed and trampled upon. Consequently wherever the Chosenese go, to market or to the public offices, they find no place where they are loved by the Japanese. They always feel that they are being trodden upon, teased, made fools of and tyrannized over.

The Chosenese are opposed to the fact of annexation itself. Thev are also dissatisfied because the Government-General is full of iinperfections. Th€y also feel that the Japanese ought to 1w expelled because of the oppression of Japanese capitalists Who seize their lands and keep all the profits from their exploitations. But these causes of discontent affect only part of the people. The thing which affects every Chosenese is the social mistreatment thC'y receive. This is why the present disturbance has spread like a conflagration through the entire land. But the fundamental cause is the poisoq of imperialism. It is the inevitable consequence of the educational policy pursued in our schools and military institutions. Hence, any attempt at good gOVE'rnment through the Government-General will be futile. There m,ttst be a change in the essentia~ character of the Japanese people.

IMMORALITY OF JAPANESE IN CHOSEN Next, consider the moral character of the Japanese residents in Chosen. Of course, there are not wanting among them persons of :splendid cliaracter, but when we speak of the great body of them, we have not a few things to regret. The great majority of them do not fear God nor know ~hame. They have no ideals higher than

THE EMERGENCY IN CHOSEN

making money. Consequently, there are no limits to the wickedness practiced by great numbers of them in dealing with the ignorant, poor Chosenese. Even in the homeland the low standard of commercial morality is a very troublesome question, but it is intolerable that this low class supply the representatives of Japan. It is their dishonestv which has caused Americans to look down on the Japanese. Fa; example, when Americans give orders to Chinese or Chosenese workmen under a guarantee that the goods will last three years, they do last three years. Japanese workmen, on the other hand, will aceept the high price for three year goods and then run off to other parts, having supplied goods which do not last even a year, boasting withal, that they have" got ahead of the keto" (contemptuous term for "foreigners"). Merchants use false weights and measures.. And since the coming of the Japanese the morals of the Chosenese have deteriorated also. Chosenese merchants recently have hegun to use false weights and measures.

Coming to morality between the sexes, we can by no means say that the Chosenese are high in this regard. But certainly they are not like the Japanese, who seem to "glory in their shame." Truly the licentiousness and ahandonment of our countrympn is inexpressibly deplorable. Spnsuality is widespread, even in country places. There are not a few places where prostitutes number a tenth of the population. At banquets and public gatherings the conditions are shocking. They consider this one of the privileges of life in a colony. Once, when I was taking a train at a certain station, a number of people came noisily after me. On looking around, I saw a divisional chief of the local government, and a chief of police, each being carried in the arms of several prostitutes as they swayed from side to side, with their official sword dragging, reeling drunkenly to the train which finally they boarded, or rather were pushed aboard.

Such being the condition of affairs how can we secure the respect of the Chospnese 1 We want the Chosenese to love Japan. But have we any affection for them ~ Love is begotten by love, but as I said before, the Japanese do not know love. How, then, C8Jl love originate in thpm towards us 1 With the present day morality of the Japanese can we demand their respecU With neither love nor respect how can we hope that they will loVE' J apan ~ Therefore, the mOTe we think of the Chosen question the more we realize that it is a spiritual question. In other words, it is pe'rfectly clear that what is called for is a thoroughgoing reformation in Japan's political ideals, educational policy, and in the individual character of the people of Japan. By all 'means Japan must be born again. Therefore, there is today no enterprise which compares in urgency with thr work of evangelization.

on the Korean

T HE NEWS of the situation in Korea (Chosen) is not yet reassuring. Reports of repressive measures by the Japanese remind us too vividly of the Bryce reports on Belgium and Northern France in the early years of the war. The following extracts from a long report by the special committee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America give some of thp results of their investigation. The evidence has been carefully sifted and is believed to be reliable. While names are not generally giwn, more than thirty British and American individuals have testified and their names are in the possession of the committep. The documents include reports, personal letters and signed affidavits of eye witnesses. The Korean Independence Movement is, no doubt, a mistake and doomed to fail, but the Japanese military policy in Korea is a still greater blunde.r and can bring only disaster.

The df'sire for self-determination and national ideals has been fostered in Korf'a by the ideals expressed at the Peace Conference. The movement for freedom became country-wide last March at the time of the funeral of the ex-Emperor. Propagandists include Christians. memhers of the reformed native cult, the Chuntokyo, and Buddhists. Students of government schools are equally iY'- volvrd with those of mission schools. The causes underlying the agitation appear in documents presented on May 10th to influential Japanese in Tokyo b~r a committee from Chosen. They are briefly as follow,,: THE CAUSES 1. The desire for independence. 2. The rigors, cruelty and injustice of Japanese military administration- including the spy system, even in religious meetings, and constant show of force. 3. The Korean opposition to the apparent program of denationalization, in- including the exclusion of the Korean language and history from the school curricula. 4. The failure to give Koreans a share in their government either legislative or executive. S. Discrimination against Koreans in salaries, in schools, in employment and in the courts. 6. The lack of liberty of speech, press and assembly. 7. The limited religious liberty-forbidding the teaching of religion or of the Bible in private schools, the imposition of the observance of cere- monies which are against Christian conscience, and the intimidation of Christian. converts. 8. The practical prohibition of Korean travel and study abroad. 9. The appropriation of Korean crown lands by the Japanese.

10. The demoralizing influences introduced by Japanese~inc!uding lic;ellsed prostitution, the sale of morphine and cl,tltiv:).tion of 0l?ium. 664 11. The forced migration of Koreans into Manchuria. 12. The exploitation of Korean forests by Japanese and the licensed monopolies which bring hardship to Koreans.

The Independence Movement was so secretly organized that neither the missionaries nor the secret police of the government knew what was going to happen, though all were conscious of the great tensity of the time. In a very few days it spread to all parts of the land, even to remote mountain valleys. The police, gendarmes and soldiers were everywhere called out to disperse the crowds and to arrest the leaders. The first day or so no very rough methods were used, but from then on, and especially out in the country districts, the most brutal methods have been employed. Men, women and children have been repeatedly kicked, beaten with fists or gun butts, bayoneted, sabred and shot, until mission hospitals and, if report be true, the government and other private hospitals, too, are filled with the wounded; Severance Hospital having cots and beds in every available space, even the hallways. Testimony gathered from these wounded is consistent that until attacked .the crowds of demonstrators used no force but simply shouted for independence, and were fired upon or otherwise attacked. The barbarities have stirred all to deepest indignation and have to a certain extent terrorized the people, who were expecting merely arrest, yet they remain firm in their determination, although they are changing their method of demonstration and protest for the purpose of saving life. It is obvious, however, that if the brutal methods of repression are continued, retaliation on the part of the Koreans will inevitably be the result, even though they have no weapons.

THE FAOTS REPORTED The facts reported by the Governor General deal with an atrocity of the first magnitude, the particulars of which have reached Tokyo.

The missionaries who investigated were in a party of ten who visited several villages which had been burned by the Japanese gendarmes and soldiers, the villagers being driven out of their homes and not permitted to take with them anything whatever of value. All they owned was destroyed, and the villagers, young infants and old men and women, have been hiding in the hills, afraid to return to the site of their former homes, and without shelter, food or covering for their bodies at night.

In the course of their investigation, the searchers for facts reached one village where the little church had been destroyed by fire. The gendarmes and soldiers, marching into this village, had summoned the men of the village to attend a meeting in the church, where they were told certain orders would be read to

them. As soon as the men had been gathered together, the soldiery opened fire upon them through the open windows, after having surrounded the building. Volley after volley was poured into th(~ gathering, until the floor was covered with moaning heaps of dead and wounded men. To complete their work, the surviving women of the village told the missionaries. the soldiery entered the buil(l- .ing and bayoneted all the men whom the bullets had not killed, while two women, who had approached the building to learn the fate of their husbands, were likewise bayoneted and their bodies thrown among those of the men. Then kerosene was poured upon the dead and the bodies and the church building consumed by fire. When the advance guard of the investigating party reached this place, there were two bodies still left in the smoking ruins, the others having been raked out and disposed of out of sight.

March 28th, 1919, a girl, , about 21 years of age told the fol- lowing: "I was arrested on the streets of Pyengyang, the third of March, and taken to the police station. There were many others, both men and women.

They asked if we smoked, if we drank, and if we were Christians. Soon all were let out with little or no punishment, with the exception of twelve Methodist women, two Presbyterians, and one Chundokyo woman. Three of the Methodist women were Bible women. They stripped all the women naked in the presence of many men. They found nothing against me except that I had been on the street and had shouted 'Manzai.' They beat me until the perspiration stood out all over my body. They then said, "Oh, you are hot,' and threw cold water over my naked body. My arms were pulled tight behind my back and tied. Then saying I was cold, they stuck me with the lighted end of their cigarettes. (Some were stuck with hot irons.) Some were beaten until they were unconscious. After four days we were taken to the prison. Here we were packed in a room with men and women. One day an old man was beaten until he died. One of the Bible women was right next to him. She asked to be moved, but they compelled.

her to watch the dead body all night. One of the Bible women not only had her hands bound, but had her feet put in stocks. They took our Bibles.

away and would not allow us to talk or pray. They made vile and indecent remarks to us. All this was done by the Japanese. Though there were: Korean policemen in the room they took no part in the beating or in the vile-· ness. The Japanese blaspheme the name of Christ, and asked us if there'

was not a man by the name of Saul who was put in prison. They asked'

us most of all as to what the foreigners had said, and were most vile and'

cruel to those who had been with the missionaries, or who had taught in the mission schools. Some of the girls were so changed that they did not look like persons."

Hon. T. Hara, Premier of the Japanese Cabinet, sent the following cable message to the Federal Council of Churches in reply to a communication from them on the subject: "I desire to assure you that tl,c report of abuses committed by agents of the Japanese Government in KO'ea has been engaging my most serious attention. I am fully prepared to leok squarely at actual facts. As I have declared on various occasions, the regime: Qf ~dministration inaugurated iR

REPORTS ON THE KOREAN UPRISING

Korea at the time of the annexation, nearly ten years ago, calls for substantial modification to meet the altered conditions of things. Ever since the formation' of the present Cabinet in September last, I have been occupied in working out the scheme of needed administrative reforms in Korea. A comprehensive plan of reorganization with this object in view has already been on the tapis. For obvious reasons it has not been possible to proceed at once to its formal adoption in the presenc~ of the disturbances which have unfortunately broken out in various parts of the peninsula.

"In view, however, of the recent improvement in the situation, the contemplated reform can now be, in my estimation, safely introduced, and will be carried into effect as soon as the legal requirements of procedure to make them definitive shall have been completed. Announcement of the plan in a more complete form shall be withheld for the present, but I trust that the fixed determination with which my colleagues and I have been endeavoring to promote the lasting welfare of our Korean kinsmen, and to insure a distinct betterment of conditions in the country will not be misunderstood or misconstrued. "

The uncertainty as to the outcome of the disturbances is in- creased by the fact that the government of Chosen finds critics of the administration in the ranks of its own civil officials and in the Liberal parties in the Imperial Government. Investigators are not slow to criticize what they characterize as the stupid policy of the military regime, while the leading journals of Japan are to the extent of their meager information joining in a protest. The "Peninsular Magazine," a month1y published in Seoul by a Japanese but for the Koreans and in the Korean language, had its April number confiscated, further publication prohibited, and the editor arrested because it published a long editorial criticizing the Government-GeneraI's handling of the situation.

SIGNS OF HOPE IN JAPAN Except for rumors to the effect that the student class in Japan are beginning to favor Korean liberty, there is of course no one among the Japanese who favors independence for the Koreans, though the more advanced, like Viscount Kato, have come out in favor of autonomy; but many of them feel that the military administration ought to give place to the civil in the future, and that the military administration has made a failure in its colonial policy.

It is possible that government reform may take place. A recent statement of Mr. Yamagata, the Administrator-General, is to the effect that "the agitation is deplorable, coming as it does just on the eve of government l'pforms." But all officials seem to agree that the present uprising must be crushed before any reforms can be instituted, while th~ interpellations in the Diet in regard to the Korean situation seem to be a criticism of the administration for failing to keep order in the peninsula. rather than a suggestion that thE' underlying causE'S of thr <iistnrlml1CP he disCOVE'fPd and removed.

Democratic tendencies are manifest in the Japanese Empire

as well as in the rest of the world, and momentous events may occur at any time. Only recently two automobile loads of Japanese rushed through the streefs of Seoul, shouting" Democracy Banzai." Some sixty arrests have been made in connection with the demon- stration. Many conflicting forces are at work today in Japan as well as in Korea, but unless there is some marked change in gov- ernment policy or in the character of the administration, or both, mission work in Chosen faces a period of great limitation and difficulty. There are grave problems ahead. When the Adminis- trator General returned from a trip to Tokyo in April, he made the official announcement that the "lenient" measures employed in the past would be exchanged for utmost rigor, and a new law was promulgated by the Governor General making "any disturbance of the peace with a view of effecting a change of government" an offense punishable with ten years of penal servitude. This law significantly and specifioolly includes foreigners in the ruling.

The ultimate effect of this movement on the Christian Church in Korea is wholly problematical. The leaders went into it with their eyes open, realizing that failure meant persecution and probably severe repression of church activity, but the Moderator of the Korean General Assembly and others say that they prayed the matter through and felt that it was God's will for them to make this attempt to secure not merely civil but real religious liberty at this particular time in the world's history, when so many small peoples are apparently to secure these blessings. It is reported that officials have stated that the Chun Do Kyo (Heavenly Way Association) is to be suppressed entirely and that the Christian Church is to be reduced to about half its present size. If the military government remains in Korea and the present movement collapses the outlook for the future is dark. If, on the other hand, in view of the obvious failure of the admistration of the last nine years to conciliate the people, a civil administration and go-:ernmental reforms are introduced, while there probably would not be such an aggressive anti-Christian activity we must anticipate some restriction of Christian missions. It is evident that the most rigorous repression of demonstration is directed against Christians in those sections of the country where the Church is prominent.

The effect of the movement on mission work is equally problematiool, for the government, whil-e officially stating that they do not regard the missionaries as having any direct uesponsibility for this uprising, which took government and missionaries alike by surprise, seems to be making every effort in the examination of prisoners to fasten responsibility upon the missionary body. But the Koreans under examination uniformly insist that the missionaries are not connected with the movement.

A MOHAMMEDAN SCHOOL IN NORTH AFRI

Christianity in:';Tunis Past and Present BY ARTHUR V. LILEY, TUNIS, NORTH AFRICA Missionary of the North Africa Mission T HE Phoenicians, with their offerings to Moloch and Baal- Ammon, passed away from the Mediterranean coasts to be replaced by the Romans and their deities. Among the Romans, however,. there appeared a little flock who worshipped the one true God, in the name of Jesus Christ, His Son.

There is no record as to how Christianity reached Carthage, though it is well known in church history that Perpetua, Felicita and other martyrs sealed their testimony in blood in the amphitheatre, the ruins of which are seen today. The ruins of the churches used by the Carthaginian Christians have also recently been unearthed, and it is well known that Augustine labored at Hippo with some success, for the Kabyles became professing Christians.

In the seventh century the Moslems, led by Okba, invaded North Africa and by the sword converted the people to Islam. Thus Christianity disappeared from North Africa.

In the center of the city of Tunis the minaret of the mosque Zetouna, which towers above the bazaars and houses, is said by some to be the ancient Spanish Cathedral of St. Olive. No longer is Jesus Christ spoken of there as the Son of God, and "the Sav- 669

iour of men; nor is the theology of the Bible taught in the college near by. To this college some 500 or 600 Moslem students come <,ypry year to study the Koran and Moslem tradition.

An Arab boy's education bpgins at the lcoutab or school under the direction of a rnmuldab or master. The school consists of one room situated generally near a marabout or saint's grave. Desks, spats and copy books are things unknown. The scholars, having ll'ft their shoes or slippers at the door, squat on a grass mat spread on the ground. After mastering the Arabic characters, the young pupil traces, with a reed pen on a piece of board smeared with a thin coating of clay, the first chapter of the Koran. He swings his body backward and forward, shouting his lesson at the top of his yoice and thus commits it to memory.

One can und0rstalld what a Babpl such a school is when some 20 or 30 scholars are memorizing ill this way at the same time. The Koran having been committed to memory after some five or six years study, the young man goes to the medressa or college to study the commentaries of the Koran grammar and syntax, logic and Moslem theology. It is all a matter of memory, they are not taught to think. At the end of four or more years the young Arab, having passed his examination successfully, may become a notary, a teacher or a writer in a government office. Further studies are necessary to become a judge, mufti( religious leader) or a professor. Wherever these young men go they carry with them some re- ligious influence. It is therefore of the greatest importance to evangelize them while they are in the city; otherwise they may return to their distant homes and never come in contact with a Ohristian missionary again. For this reason a special work is carried on among the students in Tunis. Some of their questions are foolish and their arguments are illogical and ignorant.

When all are quietly listening to God's plan of Salvation, an Arab may suddenly shout out: "What is written on the door of heaven ~" or, "",Vho is the father of Jesus OhrisH" or again: "Who is the greatest and last of the prophets 1"

In answer to the first question the Arabs say that the Moslem "witness" is written on the door of heayen: "There is no god but God and Mohammed is His prophet." I generally ask, "What is the use of knowing if there is anything written on the door of Paradise if you don't know the way there? The Bible tells us that the Lord Jesus is the way and this is more important than what is written on the door."

The Moslems deny that man is a free agent. Everything is Mektoub decreed. Thev say that God foresaw the fall of Adam and therefore ordained that he should partake of the forbidden fruit. This was necessary, they argue, in order that Adam and Eve

19191 tHRIS1'IANI'I'Y IN TUNIS- PAST AND PRESF:NT

THREE TUNISIANS CONV}:R'fE;D TO CHRISTIANITY might come down to the earth and people it, for the Arabs say that the garden of Eden was in heaven. Thus they make God employ evil in order to carry out His purposes and say that He decrees evil in order that good may come.

Moslems reject the Bible, first because they say that the early Ohristians tampered with it changing its meaning, and because all its teaching is found in the Koran. They deny the Deity of Ohrist, His atonement and redemptive work, and give first place to Mohammed, a man who had eleven wives, and professed to have special revelations commanding him to marry Zeinab, the divorced wife of Zied, his adopted Bon.

Moslems have a very lax idea of sin. Lies are permissible to get one out of a difficulty; a poor mali may steal in order that he may feed his family, and when a man kills his friend or companion in a fit of passion, it is declared mektoub, decreed.

Are there no converts to Christianity from Islam 1 Thank God, there are. Some converts have stood well, some are faulty and others have caused great sorrow. Our Bible depot keeper gives us much joy. One who is persecuted by his friends and is tempted by an inheritance has consequently gone back somewhat, while another has quite dishonored his profession of faith in Christ. The Gospel is being preached to all sorts and conditions of men, the educated Arab, the ignorant Sudanese; the students at the university and the illiterate workingmen, the old women and the young maidens. Who can tell what the harvest will be 1 As yet only the fringe· of the population of Tunis has been reached. Men willing to endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ are needed to carry the news of salvation to camps and villages. With the decline of Moslem power, which is evident on every side, there is more freedom for the proclamation of the message of the Cross. A revival is needed in the home· churches to thrust out some as messengers of "good tidings" to this needy land.

THREE KABYLE MOSLEM STUDF<NTS IN A KORANIC SCHOOL The Student in the center is a daily reader of' the Bible

FUJI SPINNING MILLS IN TOYKO

'ren years ago this was an open field. Today this is one of eight mills employing 20,000 people.

The Need for Christ in Japan's Factories BY J. MERLE DAVIS, TOKYO, JAPAN Honorary Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association I.

T HAT Ohrist is needed in the factories of Japan may be in- ferred from the need of Him in American and European mills. If our Western factory system with all its brutalities of overwork, under pay, child labor, and inadequate protection has flourished notwithstanding a Christian inheritance and atmosphere, we cannot be surprised at the presence of gross evils and a callous conscience in the Ohristless labor world of Japan.

With no adequate government legislation, with employers of labor accustomed to sacrifice the welfare of their working people to profiteering, with public opinion indifferent or ignorant of the solution of social problems, it would seem that the hope for Japanese labor lies in organizing for its own protection. However, since the heroic efforts of Katayama and his associates, twenty years ago, the combination of labor in any form has been an offense punishable by heavy penalties. Nor has the Japanese working man the protection of the franchise. He is helpless in the hands of capital, unable to utter a protest to the intolerable conditions imposed upon him, except the protest of revolution. An eloquent witness to this is the rioting of last August, when the cup of the people's wrath at the profiteering of rice brokers overflowed. At that time ~,OOO,OOO yen worth of property and many lives were lost in the only protest left to labor at inequalities imposed upon it. The 1,460,000 Japanese property owners are today making the laws and controlling the destinies of an empire of 70,000,000 souls.

A suffrage qualification of 10 yen property tax automatically 673

shuts out the men upon whose shoulders the nation's prosperity is depending,. from any share in self-determination.

On the other hand, along with the denial of opportunity the government is enforcing universal education. The worker may not vote, but he must learn how to read and write. Every child between six and ten is compelled to attend the primary school. The result is a higher percentage of literacy than is found in any other nation. The sources of knowledge concerning the economic, social and political status of Western labor is forced into the hands of the Japanese worker by the same paternal government which denies him any voice in regulating the conditions of his wealth-producing toil. Like the Jewish leaders of Christ's time, modern Japanese statesmen are attempting the impossible task of bottling new wine in old wine skins. Antiquated institutions and modern thought; universal education and a restricted ballot; democratic idealism and militarism; tpe leaven of universal brotherhood and a narrow nationalism; individualism and ancestor and emperor worship; industrialism, with its train of social and economic problems, and feudalistic conceptions of social relationlShips; low economic standards of daily life and wage and increasingly high economic demands of the world's markets; the unblushing immorality of the old order overlapping upon the moral requirements of the new. The pressure toward liberal id€'as, d€'mocracy, suffrage, women's rights, economic righteousness, labor unions and clean social standards is like a rising tide. No strengthening of old walls can hold it back:; every sign of Ht€' times points to the fact that the old bottles are bursting.

The defeat of Germany, with the discrediting of political and economic standards which she had been following, has greatly hastened the birth pangs of this nation. Stubbornly refusing, until the very last, to admit the possibility of Germany's overthrow, the military clique of Japan has, at length, admitted that the nation, for forty years, has been putting its money on the wrong horse. This admission is not an easy experience for a proud and. able people, but once made, will clear the way for sweeping changes in the national life. Christian leaders like Ebina Danjo and Kanamori Tsurin state their conviction that Japan is now to enter a period of openness to Christian truth and leadership of Christian ideals unprecented in her history. There is no question but that the triumph of Christian idealism in diplomacy and statecraft has moved this critical nation to a desire to know the sources of such ideals. One of the most far-reaching results of the world war mav be the demonstration on a nation-wide scale of the practicability and power of the spirit of Christ when applipd to int('rnationaI relationships.

THE NEED FOR CHRIST IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

For 250 fateful years Japan shut herself out from vitalizing contact with the rest of the world; while the nations of Europe and America were passing through a steady development of material, scientific and moral life, the Island Empire prided herself on a splendid isolation. Thus Japan has herself, alone, to thank for the present heavy handicap she is carrying in her race for the markets of the world. For the last half century she has been straining to overtake the long lead which her western competitors hold. That she has, in such a brief time, so nearly approximated to this apparently impm;sihl(' goal, is eloquent of the intelligence CLEANING UP AN ALLY IN THE SLUMS OF THE INDUSTRIAL QUARTER, TOKYO and ambition of her people. Heavily handicapped by lack of natural resources and low economic standards, she early saw that to hold a place of power among the nations, she must industrialize ll er life.

Today,Japan holds in her hands the material equipment of national power, but along with her factory-lined cities, her whirring mills and fleets of merchant ships have come as guests, unbidden to the feast, a whole hrood of unwelcome social and industrial problems, labor questions, questions of public sanitation, public rights and morals,-problems which she never bargained for in her hid for national power; problems with which she is poorly prepared to cope in any adequate manner.

That the Christian solution, as applied to these manifold proh- 1 ~;lI1s of the nation is the only hope for approximating to the life of hoI' si.ster nations of the West is the conviction of many of Japan's best friends and an increasing' number of her leaders.

Japan has been so long accepted as the land of kalE·idescopic change that the transformation is supposed to be complete. How- ever, evcli many leading Japanese and foreign residentH are un- aware of the amazing speed with which the metamorphosis is even now progressing. It is the high-powered factory, invadhlg every city in the land, which is responsible for this latest sweeping change in the nation's life. Japan, using American and Britil'lh bi~)'c1es, sewing machines, electric dynamos, locomotives, boots, cotton goods, and coal was an object of romatic interest and a valuable customer. But the romanc~ wears off when, today, Japan ll')t only produces her own coal, cotton goods, shoes, bicycleR, e]"c- tric machinery, and rolling stock, munitions, arms, leather, and glassware, but produces these and many other commodities in such volume as to step into the current of world trade as a competi- tor for the markets of all nations. Her vast arsenals, her grf~at shipyards, capable of launching battleships and merchant vessels equal in tonnage and speed to any ships afloat, her whirring looms, the mighty resources of power stored in her mountains, her cheap labor and favorable position for Asiatic and Pacific trade, all means that the Japan of the tea-house girl and samisen, the lacquered screen and lotus pond, is gone, and in place of th" silken-gowned, artistic gentleman there has stepped into the world lists a grimy-handed young giant, clad in grease-stained overalls, eager to measure strength with the champions of the West.

Nor can Japan turn upon the road which she, has chosen. An island empire, with a dfmsity of population of 359 to the square mile, with but one-seventh of her area capable of cultivation,and her people multiplying at the rate of three-quarters of a million a year, the nation has passed the point where agriculture can support the people. With very limited natural resources, flanked on either hand by Russia and America, jealously watching for every sign of military aggression, her exit to the South Seas barred by Australia, and her immigrants turned back from the doors of Canada, Australia and the United States, Japan is increasingly thrown upon her own intensive powers of development. There is only one possible form for this development to take,-the industrial and commercial.

In entering into competition with western labor, this island people find gq-ave conditions to overcome, many of which are common to industry the world over, but others peculiar to Japan alone. These cOIlditions constitute a serious handicap in her bid for world trade and power and need a Christian solution.

First among these conditions peculiar' to the industrialization of Japan is the phenomenal speed of her transformation from the agricultural stage. Forty-eight years ago, Japan had a mere handful of modern mills, while her foreign trade amounted to but

THE NEED FOR CHR1ST IN JAPAN 'S FACTORIES

THE SPINNING ROOM OF THll FUJI SPINNING COMPANY, TOKYO 48,559 yen, Last year she operated over 25,000 mills, and her foreign trade totalled above two and one-half billion yen, After more than ' a generation of experience as a debtor nation to the West, for the last four years Japan has turned the tables upon most of her former creditors and has played the role of creditor to America, England and Russia, 'I.'his bewildering speed in transforming the economic sources of her life has not given a normal period of adjustment to the new conditions of modern industrialism. Knowledge of high grade tools, the manipulation and ca're of intricate machines, the development of skilled mechanical traditions, the adjustment of output to the needs of the market, the assimilation, housing and welfare of the crowding workers in the cities, adequate legislation for factory life, and the adjustment of society to this new class of the population, are among the problems which r equire time for solution. This element of time has been omitted from Japan's industrial formula. It is not strange that the nation is bafHed in seeking a solution, nor that her growing pains have sorely weakened her development.

Second: The nearness of the nation to feudalism may be named as another of the striking factors which constitutes an industrial problem peculiar to Japan. No phase of the life of this people can be correctly appraised without full recognition of the lingering influence of the feudal system. But seventy years ago

the feudal princes of Japan were living on their great fiefs like miniature kings, each surrounded by his court, by his military retainers, and by larger or smaller groups of vassals in the towns and villages, who looked to their lord as the dispenser of justice and order, and the source of their prosperity and protection. In return for these Teal and imaginary favors, the loyal retainer gave military service and labor upon great public works. ,Vhen the central govel'1lment in Yedo, fearing the growing power of Lord Date, Daimyo of Sendai, summonded him to build half a mile of a difficult section of the castle moat, this prince called 7,000 of his retainers and for four years conducted their construction of the , mighty moat, now known as, '0 cha no mizu."

Under such conditions of mutuai interdependence, strikes aud lockouts were as improbable as were slum sanitation or questions of minimum wage and overwork.

The influence of this patemalistic relationship of lord and man still persists in some of the old-fashioned industries, and has been slow to disappear, with the result that strikes in the past have been almost unknown. But not so with the modern factory. Here, the government has not taken the place of feudal lord. Neither has the modern mill owner accepted the responsibility of the old Daimyo employer of labor.

With the breakup of the feudal system and the entrance of Japanese labor into the open market of competitive modern in- dustry, a most serious gap appears which neither government, employer, nor society in general has attempted to bridge. Into this unbridged chasm Japanese labor is falling, and with it the power and health and reputation of the nation is also in danger of falling, unless it is spanned by a new sense of responsibility on the part of Japanese society. Into the timbers of this crucial structure of the future, the spirit of Christ must build' itself in ways to arouse a new social conscience in matters of labor, the sanctity of womanhood and child life, and the rights of the producer to a fair share of the wealth he creates.

Third: Another result of the feudal regime is that a society accustomed to receive from its superiors its orders, its care and its occupation, and having lived for centuries in deeply grooved class lines, is both helpless and indifferent when faced with the social problems of the amlY of modern mill hands that clamor at the city gates. Public institutions for the defective and charity organizations did not flourish in old Japan. The sick, the defective, and the indigent were, to an amazing degree, cared for by the family or relatives. While seeming to eliminate' some of the most serious problems of modern society, this system placed an almost unbearable burden upon the homes of the nation and a heavy handicap upon its health and prosperity, Its practical effect has

THE NEED FOR CHRIS'f IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

been that the Japanese have not been trained to sense or to eolve society's needs. Intolerable conditions are existing among the slums and 'factories of the .cities which are not only unknown to great numbers of the most iutelligent and progressive citizens, including Christian leaders, but even when known arouse little more than a passing comment of regret or of curious interest. In a vast majority of cases, these conditions do not stir men to remedial measures nor to a fundamental study of conditions looking toward adequate legislation or the education of the public conscience. At this point, the education of a tender conscience 'in matters relating to individual and public welfare, the Gospel of Christ will find in the future one of its priceless gifts to Japan.

There is probably no other class of society in Japan more open to the gospel of Christ and more in need of the new life and blessings of the gospel than the Japanese laborer. Usually from the country, the factory hand, on moving to the city, enters a class of society which has no recognized traditions or status in the eyes of the citizens. On leaving his mountain village, the influence of the ancestral shrine, and the appeal to the tutelary deity of his trade are left behind, while 'no god of the factory is substituted. The god of the world he now enters are steam and electricity, its faith is materialism and its shrines, shelter, untold power and wealth. The new-comer has also parted company with the social relationships that have hitherto moulded him and which have contributed to his sense of responsibility and self-respect. On entering the industrial quarters of the great city, no club or guild takes the place of the rural organizations to whose activities he has given so much of his spare time.

In this new world, with its overpowering evidences of greed and force and materialism, he easjly loses his sense of accounta~ bility, his identity, his former self-respect, and sinks to the level of his benumbing enviromnent, a mechanical atom, matching his vitality against that of the tireless machine which he tends~ Like water seeking the lower levels, the flood of factory workers from the country districts pour into the low lying slums and tenements which abound in the industrial districts. Here may be found housing conditions which give rise to a whole brood of moral, sanitary and welfare problems, which this article can only barely indicate in passing.

One such typical slum district in the famous East Side of Tokyo has been made the subject of a careful government survey. Of its eleven hundred families, 66.4% are living in one-room tenements, nine feet square and 375 of these families occupy homes which average six feet square. WDen it is considered that the average family in this district numbers five persons and that more than half are keeping single laborers, as "roomers", some

idea of the congestion may be had. Over 3,500 workers without families are boarding in this one small district. No wonder that under such housing conditions, illegitimacy thrives. Not a few of these homes maintain their identity by the efforts of the mother alone, the children each acknowledging a different father, who comes back to lodge as convenience or fancy may impel.

The fact that most of the East Side of rrokyo lies below the level of the highest tides means periodic, wide-spread inundations, which bring added misery to these wretched districts, which are practically never dry, slime standing under the thin floors, in the shallow gutters and over the surface of the alleys most of the year.

The output of crime, disease, deficiency, degeneracy, pauperism and immorality from such conditions is very large. There are nine such districts on the East Side of Tokyo, alone, and as yet, with the exception of the Salvation Army, no adequate Ohristian remedial institutions to bring the joy and cleansing power of the gospel.

Ohrist's keynote of the value of the individual man is of paramount importance for the labor world of Japan. Not the individual, but the family, the clan, the state is the unit of Japanese society. The rights of the person are negligible as compared with the larger group. A vast modern factory system, employing labor by the hundred thousand, breaks down when built upon this conception of society. It is a slow evolution for mill owners to recognize the individual worker and his welfare as the key to the welfare of. his mill and of the nation. Only Ohrist can adequately supply this conception in the teaching that each laborer is a child of God, and, what is fully as important, the impelling motivf' power for applying its implications. Without such a reconstructed vision of the central value of each worker, Japan's industrial future is doomed, for she cannot continue to burn over her fields of human resources, in the prodigal fashion. of the last decade, without irretrievable loss.

Japanese modern industry is unique in the phenomenal proportion of female labor employed. Some careful estimates place the proportion of women and girls as three-fifths of the total. The vast cotton and silk spinning and weaving mills are responsible alone for· half a million girl employees. Thirty-four thousand are laboring in coal mines, while women and girls tend the machines of a dozen different modern industries. Three-fifths of these workers are under twenty years of age, and 10% are children between 12 and 15. These spinning and weaving industries are exacting a heavy toll from the health of the nation. It is estimated that 250,000 girls are drawn annually from country homes to the city mills, attracted by the high wages, steady employment and the lure of city life. The life in these factories is little removed from

THE NEED FOR CHRIST IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

AN AUTUMN FLOOD IN TOKYO SLUMS AFTER A HEAVY STORM slavery. The remark of one mill managel' to the writer, "We own the bodies, minds and souls of these girls," being only too true. Sold by parents for terms of from two to four years, the girls receive only 20% of their wages, the balance being sent to the parents, who are often paid ~ lump sum in advance for the year's toil of the daughter. Seventy per cent of these women workers live in dormitories within the factory compound, never leaving the premises save two or three afternoons a month and then in charge of a foreman or attendant. This forethought on the part of the management is not for the protection of the girls, but to keep them from running away, as considerable numbers do at their first opportunity.

Work in the large city mills lasts from twelve to fourteen hours, but in many of the more remote provincial factories, fifteen, sixteen and even seventeen hours per day at the looms is not infrequently exacted.

Night work, prohibited by la,v, is still common in not a few factories and makes serious inroads upon health. In mills where night work is the rule, the women on the day and night shifts are often obliged to share the same bed, which is neither aired nor dusted, as the weary night worker takes the place of the girl who rises for the day shift. Such conditions, naturally, greatly accelerate the. national predilection towards tuberculosis.

Few can long stand the strain, the monotony, the ceaseless roar of the looms and the unsanitary surroundings for more than a year. A turn-over of sixty-six percent each year and an estimated

sickroll wastage among those returning home of from 10 to 15 per cent are facts more eloquent than words of, not only the economic loss, but the price in human health and vitality which the nations is paying for its factory output.

Japan's factories differ widely in the attention paid by the management to the moral and social welfare of their employees. The best mills, like the Kanegafuchi and the Fuji companies, each employing over twenty thousand hands, take pride in their care for the health and the moral and recreational life of the girls in their employ. These mills are justly the pride of the country and are frequently shown to foreign visitors. Not so with the mills of the country t0W11S. These remote centers, far removed from the government inspector's eye and run on old-fashioned principles are occasionally centers of frightful physical and moral evils, overseers and wardens holding the girls in virtual moral slavery, even compelling the day hands to act as public prostitutes at night. One expert in factory conditions states that it is not uncommon for one-half of the girls in a mill to lose their virtue within the first year of their employ. It is in the sad lives of these toiling daughters of Christless Japan that the blessings of the Gospel are needed more than among anyone class of the people today.

The future of Japan as a great power is, as never before, depending upon the integrity and the efficiency of her working classes. Why is it that Japanese-made goods so often do not meet the requirements of western markets ~ Why do American firms reject certain Japanese products, and make from Japanese raw material and Japanese patterns their own goods 1 Why has Japan already lost so many of the markets gained during the early years of the wad '1.'he answer is not difficult to one who knows the status of Japanese labor. This nation can no more hope to win in the world race for markets, on the basis of underfed, overworked, immoral and helpless factory hands than she can hold back the tides which wash her shores. A mediaeval conception of exploited humanity, colored with the fatalism of Eastern philosophy can never stand before the highly organized, individualized ranks of Western labor, bulwarked with democracy and the concept of life's values which Christ has given to the Anglo-Saxon nations. The Christ who bears burdens, who brings hope to -colorless lives, who cleans up homes and neighborhoods, who cares for the health and joys of little children, who takes a vital interest in the status of labor and who stands for the rights of sanctity of womanhood will profoundly affect the Japanese labor world. Such an interpretation of Christ will equally move all classes of society, for by such activities, alone, will the Japanese nation adequately begin to understand the meaning of Christianity.

OF THE KONDA HUTS ATTACKED AT

An African Autobiography A Fragment by Daniel Uhlane, a Christian Convert PRESENTED BY REV. DONALD FRASER, NYASALAND Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, Livingstonia Mission Chapter II-First Contact with the White Men When the Europeans came to the country I was still a lad. They called me to work in their .house, and I washed the dishes, and made the beds, and stood by them when they ate. Dr. Elmslie was my master.

I began also to learn to read the primer. But in those days it was difficult to learn, for the chiefs would not allow the people to be taught. So men wondered that I should stay with the Europeans. They said, "You are foolish to live with strange people. Those are fish out of the Lake. They are not men like us."

And they asked me at home, "Do the white people sleep as we do? Have they habits like ours ~ Their clothes fill us with wonder."

683

So they'plied me with questions. But to me the most awful thing was when the Europeans prayed. I was amazed to see them speak alone as to themselves. Among us it was a forbidden thing to speak to oneself. We said such an one was a sorcerer. So I trembled when they prayed, for I thought, "See there is no other one in this secret place. They are talking to themselves."

At last my fear took so great a hold of me I could stay no longer. I went to Dr. Elmslie and asked to be allowed to return to my own village. The doctor refused, and his wife said: "We love to have you here. I do not wish you to go away." I plead to be allowed to go for a little while, but she answered, "I would love to teach you until you can read a book just as well as I can."

But at these words I was more terrified than ever, for I thought, "She wants me to be like herself, and to talk alone. Then everyone will fear me, for I shall be reckoned a sorcerer."

I agreed to stay, but only with the intention of running away, as soon as an opportunity occurred. I saw now that the doctor and his wife were keen to teach me. They used to ask me in the evening to pray along with them. But when they prayed, I took care not to.

My fear only grew, for I dreaded that my companions in the village should hear that I prayed along with the Europeans, and that I should be labeled a sorcerer. So one day I asked to go home, promising to return quickly. This was agreed to, but they said, "Gome back in the evening." I answered that I would, but I was as sly as the owl when it talked round the bat. The doctor and his wife, however, would not do without me.

When they saw that I did not return, they sent to my uncle, and asked him to send me back. This he did, saying that the white man was anxious for me to work in his house.

At this time the other chiefs separated themselves frum our Moho villages. They said: "The Moho people invited the white men in. Now they are demanding their children. Wait a bit, when the Europeans return to their own country they will carry away these Moho children. Then the fathers will come to us and say, 'See, they have carried away our children.' But we will answer, 'Whose blame is it? You invited them into the country_' "

But the missionaries grew bolder and taught openly. A little class met on·the verandah of their house. There were six of us in it. Our teacher was Mr. MacIntyre. He had only the stump of a first finger. When he began to teach, he said, "What is this~" pointing to a letter of the alphabet. But seeing his little stump of a finger, I burst out laughing. He rose angrily to thrash me,

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

TUMBUKA SPIRIT 'l'EMPLES INTO WHICH OFFERINGS OF "mAL OR BEER WERE PUT but I jumped aside, ran into a house, and turned the key in the lock. Dr. Elmslie was called, and he rebuked me, saying, "You must not do this again, but try to learn all your teacher tells. Some day you will receive good things, and then you will be glad you listened."

New when I heard this, I said to myself, "What good things are these he talks abouU Is it sugad" He says, "When you understand you will eat good things."

So I went back to my fellows, and said to them: "The European has told me not to laugh when I am being taught, for when I understand, he will give me good things, I think he means sugar, the white man's beer. I know how sweet it is, for I have tasted it when I was washing the dishes." We all agreed to learn diligently. But the doctor was talking of the everlasting good. Alas ! We were so blind that we feared without cause, and wished to grow up in our ignorance. Many days, however, had not passed when the chief closed down our school, saying that he did not wish his people to become cowards, and useless for war. Now William Koyi (Mtusune was his native name) in his public teaching had said:

"~angoni, listen to my words. Give over war, and what you seek, we shall help you to find. Live in peace, and God will be with you, and you will be His people. Once I was such as you, but now I belong to God."

But the Ngoni had answered, "If a man calls the people together, is he to talk to them, and receive no answer? Let us speak." Then up rose the orator Nkwelula, and spoke thus, "Yes, we have heard. Some of the words are good, but you say that God forbids us to war. There you lie. Whom are the people to fear? When were the Ngoni ever defeated? You speak of the things we desire, where are they to come from 1 Listen, lads, Mtusane lies when he says that God does not approve of war. In our wars we worship God. If he allows ~s, we destroy a stockade, and take cattle and goats; if He forbi.ds, we are unable to enter the stockade. But when He approves great is our fame among people. So when Mtusane speaks of war, he lies. But all he has said about adultery, and lying, and theft is true. For we know that if a man is a thief, or adulterer, he will be killed when he goes to fight. There he speaks the truth, but as for war, he lies."

Nevertheless, we went on learning, for we had already been ostracized, and there was no place in the tribe for us. We were derisively called "The Bricks," for we were helping to build the European's house. When we went to join in the dances of the people, they cried, "Clear out. We don't want to see the white man's folk. If we allow them, they will draw us also to be with them."

One of our number was bold enough to join them openly in the dance, and shortly afterwards he was killed on the path. This frightened the children, and none of them would come to be taught. When we attempted to enquire into the murder of our friend, the people jeered at us, and said: "Consult your books, and your white men. They should be able to tell you who killed your friend. We won't." One day shortly after this I was in the white man '8 house set- ting out the table, and the doctor was lying in bed very ill. Suddenly I heard a rush of people outside, and women fleeing to NJuyu hill. They cried out that a war party wason its way to kill the Europeans and the people of Mop.o who had befriended them. I roused the doctor, and though he was very ill, he went out, and climbing an ant-hill, he looked through his glasses. In the distance he saw a regiment on the march. It was not making for the mission house, but for another village of Moho, where it seized the cattle and goats, and tlwn returned to Ekwendeni, whence it had come.

(To be contintle(l)

Forty-Five Years After

BY REV. ALFRED C. WRIGHT, GUADALAJARA, MEXICO I -N 1872, following up the splendid opening made by Miss Melinda Rankin of the American and Foreign Ohristian Union, mission- aries were sent to Guadalaja'ra, Mexico, and in spite of the bitterest opposition of the Roman Oatholics, converts were gained and groups of evangelical believers were established in many different points in the Isurrounding country, which is one of the most thickly inhabited agricultural regions of the Republic.

Early in 1874, one of the missionaries of the American Board, Rev. John L. Stephens, went f'rom Guadalajara to Ahualulco, where a small- group received him cordially. He Tented a house on the central plaza for services and for a night school, and was rapidly gaining the sympathy and the active cooperation of a considerable number of the people.

The parish priest, however, was aroUised by his success, openly denounced him from the pulpit, forbade his own flock to have any dealings with the Protestants, and burned in the plaza such Bibles and evangelical literature as he could lay hands upon. Not satisfied with these measures, he incited the people to mare definite action. Getting together a mob of the most fanatical and ignorant. after furnishing them freely with intoxicating liquo'r, he sent them out at midnight to attack the house of the missionary.

Aroused by the stoning of his door and by the shouts of the mob, with his Bible in· his hand, Mr. Stephens climbed to the roof, together with the Mexicans who we're with him in the house. The door wrus soon broken down and the mob rushed in. Others had gained entrance from the back, and among them were seveTal of the town guards dreiSsed in uniform. Stephens, thinking that these would protect him, climbed down and appealed to them, but was felled by the stroke of a mache~e, and was hO'rribly cut to pieces by the infuriated mob.

Later his Mexican helper, Jesus Islrus, was found and murdered; and a blind boy, who had been the innocent recipient of kind attentions from Stephens, was brutally killed. The p'riest who instigated the crime escaped, but the government arrested three hundred of the mob and retained one hundred of them for formil trial, of whom twenty were convicted. About eight were executed and the rest were sentenced to imprisonment for life.

This was forty-five years ago. Has Mexico changed in these years 1 On March 2, 1919, the anniversary of the martyrdom of Stephens, the missionari('s at Guadalajara were invited by the * From the Missionary Herald.

687

church at Ahualulco to attend a commemorative service such as is held each year on this date. The house in which the crime was perpetrated wa:s secured for mission premises soon after the scene described, the owner contributing about half of its value for that purpose. A congregation was soon formed, first under the American Board, subsequently transferredlo the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch South, and has just been turned over again to the American Board, in accordance with the new cooperative plan of mission work now being inaugurated in Mexico.

While the carnival which precedes Lent was at its height, with services crowding the great church to its capacity and with hundreds of adherents, chiefly pure Indians, kneeling in the open court and out to the middle of the street; although many devotees had taken advantage of the open booths on the plaza, devoted to the sale of liquor, to get drunk; and although they promenaded the plaza in front of the evangelical church with bands of music and songs, yet not a word offensive to the Protestants was heard.

The church proper was not used on this occasion, rus it was not a strictly religious service, though held on Sunday night. But the extensive corridor at one side was draped with evergreen. a large picture of the martyred Stephens was surrounded with wreaths, a platform for ispeakers was arranged at one side, and an orchestra of five pieces was employed to provide the music. A vivid description of the events leading up to the assassination and of the event itself was read, and there, followed an address by the director of the public schools, not an evangelical, but a warm sympathizer, recitations, and music by the orchestra.

The influence of evangelical Ohristianity in that place may be judged from the fact that two of the mOist highly esteemed of the public school teachers are graduates of our Instituto Oolon, and the director of schools and his wife were educated under evangelical influences. A former student of the Collegio Internacional is employed in the office of the tax collecto'r; and two other graduates of Instituto Colon and of a training school for nurselS at San Antonio, Texas, are considered the best medical authorities of the place, and are busy constantly with ~patierits rrom all classes of society.

These two trained nUI'lses have offered their services to the mission, free, for two hours daily, to direct a clinic and dispensary in a room now being built as an addition to the mission property. The poor will be treated f'ree of charge and medicines will be provided at cost to those needing such aid, while religious instruction will be given to all who apply there for treatment. It is proposed to name the Toom "Sala de Ou.raciones Stephens," in memory of the first martyr of evangelical Ohrilstianity in Mexico.

Appeal from

A RCHBISHOP PLATON, the senior surviving Bishop of the Russian Church and the Metropolitan of Kherson and Odessa, who spent seven years of his life in America, has now come over from Russia to ask help for his people against the Bolshevism that has brought ruin to Church and State. While Archbishop Platon is asking help for his own Church, and has never been sympathetic to the evangelical Christian work in Russia, it is of real interest to read bis plea; and the plight of the Russian Church should lead to prayer that through this affliction the Church may come to true spiritual life. The Russian Church is today the strongest organized force against Bolshevism, infidelity, anarchy, immorality, and the attendant evils so rife in Russia. The awful sufferings of the Jews at the hands of Russian churchmen in past days are now being visited on the Church, whose buildings are destroyed and whose priests and people are persecuted. f;lynagogues are spared in regions where the Bolsheviki are in power.

ARCHBISHOP PLATON'S APPEAL The wrath of God, justly directed against us, continues to be poured forth on Russia. The exceeding great distress of the Christian Russian nation has reached its climax. The Russian people, numbering over two hundred million souls, is perishing. No human power or words can describe the affliction and horrors of the Russian tragedy of today. The history of the world has nothing on record to compare with it. The faith of a most r~ligious people has been humiliated, derided, profaned. One half of the educated class, small at best, have been massacred. Russian women, of the type described by Pushkin, Turgeneff and other masters of Russian literature, have been violated and dishonored. Children have been mercilessly butchered. The machinery of government has been destroyed. Agriculture and industry have been deranged. The finances of the country have been completely exhausted.

I pray you to support and succor a great nation, even if you cannot save it from destruction. Help it by your prayers to God on behalf of the most unhappy of countries. . . . Prevail upon your fellow-countrymen to help an unfortunate people, who have fallen into the hands of thieves (Luke x, 15). Call upon your charitable societies and organizations speedily to assist the Russian people. Persuade your women to help by their sympathy, to dry the bitter tears of Russian mothers, sisters and daughters, who have been cruelly violated by monsters from hell in the shape of human beings ….

To the calamities of the Russian people already enumerated, still another is now being added-the most awful of all-HUNGER. The most fertile of lands, the erstwhile granary of the world, has been turned into a land of famine under the rule of the Bolsheviki. People are dying from exhaustion. Epidemics are raging. There are no medicines.

It is not possible that Russia's present downfall represents the end of 689

her history. Russia will yet play a great part in the activities of the world. Only let her fulfil her historic part as your friend and ally, let her not desert to the camp of your enemies, for she has only yielded to necessity and. does not accept her present fate as final. . . .

Russia is now an enormous prison, shut off from the whole world by a broad and lofty wall. More than two hundred million people are immured within that prison-people who are, as you know, kind-hearted, simple, politically youthful and inexperienced in the negative qualities of world politics; a nation deceived, a nation wilfully and deliberately poisoned and drugged. In this prison they are being tortured, racked and tormented. Why do your nurses and men workers now not hasten to Russia, the land where torture, torment, suffering and death have been legalized under fine-sounding, socialistic and communistic phrases? The only reply to that question, which I can imagine, is that you are not acquainted with the actual conditions prevailing in Russia. Continue and enlarge at all costs the splendid work accomplished by your Young Men's Christian Association on behalf of our suffering prisoners and also on behalf of our soldiers and other young men.

The Russians are critically ill, but they are not yet beyond the hope of recovery. Russia's sickness is severe, but it is not deep-rooted. Bol- shevism was imported into Russia. The first to be inflicted with Bolshevism were those Russians who had severed their connection with their native land, who were imbued with the most violent anger towards their native land, for various reasons. Bolshevism captivated the youth of Russia, especially those who were at the front during the last stages of Russia's participation in the great war. Bolshevism also won the sympathies of a section of our unorganized industrial workers, and of a certain proportion of our peasantry, who certainly had just cause to complain of their unenviable lot. These, however, represent only a small percentage of Russia's inhabitants, who number more than two hundred million souls. The overwhelming majority of native born Russians are terrorized, or are simply holding their peace for the present. They are disgusted with the reign of terror which has been set up in Russia, and under which the whole land is groaning. . . .

The Russian people are not yet organically infeeted. They are in the throes of a violent fever; they are burning and shivering in its paroxysms, but they will speedily recover, if only their faithful Allies will help them. Help and save the unhappy Russians, who, although humiliated, despised and dishonored, are verily great and fine, even in their ruin. . . .

Sooner or later, Russia will rise again, but she will never forget it if America abandons her in her hour of grievous suffering. In like manner she will never forget it if America helps her.

This stirring plea is wholly for physical help. Russia needs relief for body and soul, and the only power that will save Russia is the spiritual help which thus far the authorities of the Russian Church have refused to receive from the Christian forces of America and England. The Russian Church is being aroused b~cause of their intense physical and political distress. This may, perchance, be the means of awakening in them the sense of their spiritual need.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards GLEANINGS FROM THE SUMMER CONFERENCES N ever did any other year have so many Summer Conferences so large:y attended as has 1919. From one conference alone two hundred registration fees had to be returned because there was 110 more room. The REVIEW is l1!ad to pass on some choice things from some of the conferences, which will be suggestive to leaders of smaller conferences and to the local churches.

FIRST AND LAST, PRAYER auditorium in which the meetings were held and the assembly room ONE strong feature of the seven in which meals were served had conferences conducted by the In- their walls transformed by charts ter church World Movement was the which spoke striking and eloquent spiritual emphasis, directed by Mr. messages. These charts may be W. E. Doughty, Associate General secured for use at other conferences Secretary. Weeks before the con- from Mrs. Horace M. Hill. The ference date each leader received sets of posters issued by the Couna card giving a call to prayer for cil of Women for Home Missions the conferences. As each delegate and the Federation of Women's registered, a call to prayer was Boards of Foreign Missions have mailed with the registration card. been in. convincing evidence at all. There was a daily period of in- the conferences. These may be tercession in each conference which obtained at fifty cents a set from was spent not in talking about denominational boards. prayer but in praying. Little groups kept Morning Watch on the One poster which attracted much heights of the Blue Ridge Mountains attention was home made and called in North Carolina, on hillside and by to the study of the text book the lake at Silver Bay, New York, "A Crusade of Compassion." On down on the beach at Ocean Park, a large sheet of card board was Maine, on the mountain peaks at pasted a picture of an ambulance Estes Park, Colorado, by Lake Gen- and a Red Cross nurse. Underneath eva, in Visconsin, and in the beau- were printed the words, "After ties of the early morning in Asilomar, Red Cross and War Work-What? California and Seabeck, Washington. The Crusade of Compassion," fol- To each delegate at an of these lowed by an announcement of a conferences, at the last session a card study class and an invitation to was handed for "The Homeward join. Way." The card gave a beautiful poem of consecreation together with The Christian Americanization an outline of prayer for the home- Charts made by Miss Brenda Mehlward journey. house utilized in a very clever and effective way the patriotic emblems POSTERS AND CHARTS and border effects obtained from rolls of crepe paper. A roll of Among the most attractive posters crepe paper, a jar of paste, some and charts seen during the summer striking fact from "Christian Amerwere those made by Mrs. Horace icanization" together with a little in- M. Hill and displayed first at the genuity wiII give atmosphere as well Minnesota School of Missions. The as information to any meeting.

691

HUMANIZING THE AUTHOR that tin shop she sped with eager feet. No one being in charge to "Belle J. Allen, M. D., author" wait on her, she lifted the knife looked like a star from another to cut off th€i strip of tin and cut off world to the girls in a summer her finger instead. conference. The "M. D." was enough to command respect. The "author" "It's all over now. Her recovery was rapid, both from the amputaadded a bit of awe, as they gazed tion and from the infatuation for at the text book "A Crusade of Com- curls. If she had been successful passion," and the years of service in who knows what might have hap- Japan and India put her on a pin- pened to her. Failing in her effort nacle that seemed absolutely un- she turned her attention from curls approachable. Then there was a to weightier matters with such emifore finger missing from one hand nent success that 'Belle' became the which added the last touch of mys- lady to whom I now have the tery and reverence. There were var- pleasure of introducing you, Dr. ious rumors afloat about that finger. Belle J. Allen the distinguished au- Some said that it had become in- thor of our text book 'A Crusade fected during an operation that of Compassion.''' saved the life of a Hindu widow. Some suggested one form of sacri- It was a bit disappointing to have ficial service and some another to to give up the rumors of the noble account for it. One even dared to sacrifice of that finger on the altar go so far as to say that it had of missionary service and quite a been bitten off in a thrilling mis- descent from the thrill of the tiger in the jungle to the shudder of the sionary adventure with a tiger in knife in the tin shop, but the. rethe jungle. straint was gone and the girls of the conference, flocked eagerly and un- Meanwhile the distinguished au- derstandingly around its humanized thor walked apart and the girls re- author. garded her with awe-until she was humanized by a daring friend who A MOHAMMEDAN INCIDENT had inside information on her pre- At the Silver Bay Missionary Edmissionary proclivities. ucation Conference the crowds were "Once upon a time" said she gathering for the evening pageant. They were reluctant to leave the "there was a little girl whose name beauty of the outdoors till the signal was Belle. Her hair was as straight should call within. In such a still as is the path the needle doth point moment the figure of a Mohammeto the Pole. With longing eyes she dan mullah appeared in the tower looked at the beautiful curls which of the auditorium and from the clustered about the heads of some wide opening tn the belfry intoned of her companions while her own the monotonous call to prayer, "La locks hung limp and straight. That allaha-illa-'llahu, Mohammed Raswas before the day of electric curl- ulu ?-Alah-with each cadence raisers and magic waves, so Belle sat ing the pitch or lowering it, as the her down and sighed. Then one custom is. Just as this white turby one she saw certain of her school baned mullah appeared aloft, four mates whose hair was wont to be turbaned Mohammedans were seen straight as her own appear with strolling across the lawn below. At glorious ringlets. She was told that the call to prayer these four immethese wonderful curls were achieved diately spread their prayer rugs, and, by winding the hair around strips of one in front, three in a row behind, tin which might be procured at the all facing towards Mecca went thrice tin shop near by. At last Belle through the prayers and genuflections saw her dream about to be realized. Dazzling visions of herself with bewitching curls, rose before her. To

1919J BEST METHODS

appointed for a pious devotee of World Movement, 111 Fifth Ave., Islam. "Picture Department" for informa- The demonstration caught the eye, tion about securing these slides. the ear and the imagination and will On the last night of the confer- scarcely be forgotten by any. The mullah was Prof. John Clarke Ar- ence a beautiful exercise was given cher of Yale, recently returned from by the choir. The girls marchd several months service in Mesopo- in Processional, two by two, then tamia where such scenes, save for separated making an aisle the length the stretch of green grass, might of the auditorium through which have been fairly duplicated. One marched a second group bearing the of the four devotees was evidently flags of the nations, as they ascenda Chinese Mohammedan, from his ed to the choir seats, those bearing dress. As for the others, truth to the flags stood in a row. When the tell, costumes, turbans and prayer notes of the "Star Spangled Banner" rugs were satisfactorily improvised were struck, above them was unfrom the bedrooms. Why should furled a beautiful American flag we not honor the beholders by asking held by two girls. Then the music something of their imaginations? A changed to "The Son of God goes suggestion will do for costume-a forth to war," and above all the towel, a tablecloth, a piece of car- flags was uplifted a beautiful white pet. The result was such an un- cross, as the voices of the girls hurried, careful imitation; and three sang "Who follows in His Train," times repeated, as' permitted of par- The exercise was both impressive ticular observation by the hundreds and inspiring and can easily be adaptof beholders. If part of missionary ed to a program for a local church. education is to give our people to understand how others live, such a Another good suggestion was an scene has real value. impersonation of that familiar little poem, "The Madonna of the Curb," MILES B. FISHER. having one girl to recite the poem while a smaller girl with a little child HOME MISSIONS AT NORTHFIELD in her arms sat on an improvised curb. The poem may be secured By Alma Noble from the denominational literature Christian Americanization was of headquarters. course the keynote. It was stressed and it was visualized in many ways Other material for effective imper- sonation may be had from "Helping * and from many angles. the Helpless in New York," (pub- "The new Democracy," a very effective yet simple pageant was lished by Revell Co.). "The Hapgiven on the lawn of the Northfield piest Plan" is a pretty little play got- Hotel one afternoon and should be ten out by the Baptist Board for given in every church this year. Young Women. Ruth's Donation For detailed information about the Party, published by the Missionary. pageant apply to Miss May Huston, Education Movement is charming Ford Building, Boston, Mass. for children.

Then there were the stereopticon The conference abounded in praclectures. The one prepared by the heal suggestions for the expression of Interchurch World Movement pre- friendliness and neighborliness tosented most convincingly the call for ward the hosts of new Americans. united advance in Christian Amer- with Christianity as the center and icanization. closipg with "0 beautiful source of all activities. Pageants and for spacious skies," superbly illus- programs had a place in making an trated. Apply to the Inter church impression. but the impulses thus * Published by Ihe Council of Women for stirred were not allowed to go into Home Mission$, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. cold storage.

They were foI!owed up by prac-

tical plans for actual work in Chris- There could hardly be conceived a tian Americanization. more opportune year than 1919 to demonstrate the value of all civilizing REACHING THE UNREGISTERED influences in the missionary enter- prise. Soldiers from India to the At the Minnesota School of Mis- number of 1,250,000; coolie laborers sions the influence was widely ex- from China, 200,000 strong, looked tended by two mass meetings for upon new and strange sights in h!Ung women held, one in St. Paul, France. Through their eyes Asia the other in Minneapolis during the must catch a new vision of social summer school dates and addressed life, of industries, of education, of l>y two of their speakers. Hundreds womanhood, of the western religion, of young women who were not in -Christianity. To truthfully por- regular attendance at the school were tray the letters dictated to nurses, reached with the missionary message doctors and chaplains by the men to in this way. their families back home; to give us glimpses of the home circles in Mrs. A. G. Moody very effectively many a village listening with wonextended the influence of the North- derment to the stra{lge tales of refield Conference by sending invita- turned men-this is Kipling's purtions to the presidents of missionary pose in his graphic sketches-using societies of her own and ten adjoin- his suggestive descriptions in two ing counties to come to Northfield scenes, and other information for for an all day picnic on one of the the third, the following presentation conference days. In the morning a was effectively produced. special session was held. In the afternoon there were talks by mission- SCENE I aries and conference speakers. Many leaders can reach a much larger cir- Hospital in England. A Sikh solcle by taking thought on these two dier, wounded in France, convasuggestions in planning meetings. lesCing, is moved to "let off the fumes of my heart" to his farmer CLASS HYMNS brother in Kashmir. A doctor writes One new feature at a half dozen for him, a nurse is in attendance. or more of the Conferences was The themes which fill the man's the singing of the hymns written by mind "as a buffalo is full of water," Laura Scherer Copenhaver, especially range from agriculture to religion. for use in connection with the study He directs that the elders of his of two of the text books. village be told all his thoughts. Each day after the study of the text books the hymns were sung SCENE II more earnestly. These hymns-UA Crusade of Compassion Hymn" and An Afghan village just over the "A Hymn of Christian Americaniza- Indian border. A family receive and tion" may be had from Literature take counsel over a letter from a son Headquarters, 844 Drexel Bldg, Phil- in "FranceviIle." It is serious for it bears upon the education and maradelphia, Fa. at one cent a copy or riage of his thirteen-year old sister, ten cents a dozen. They may be- Kamala. He begs that her betrothal come a worth while part of classes be delayed and that she be sent large or small. over the border to the mission school, for he has seen that girls too can THE EYES OF ASIA "read and write and cast accounts." The stories of Kipling, gathered in book form under this· title. suggested SCENF, III a timely demonstration to appeal to eye-gate and to illustrate the fruit- A village in China. Ding Wong age of the war as regards missions.

nEST METHODS

returns limping-, "a mere trifle," for Northfield Service Flag was pre- he brings wonderful news to his sented. Standing out from its backgrandmother, mother, wife and neigh- ground of red below the arms, and bors, with gifts also. He has dis- blue above was a large white cross. covered that the secret of greatness On the red ground there were one in western nations is the Book and hundred stars representing former he has learned in the camp school conference delegates who had gone to read it. He is determined to out to the foreign field. On the realize two ideals-that of his wife blue ground were three stars of· reading to him as his nurse read in gold. for those who had died in France, and that of all the village serVIce. knowing the Book and its God. The flag was made of silk and will The demonstration can be obtained in the Fall at the headquarters be displayed at each annual conferof the various Boards under the ence with new stars added each year. title given above. Many delegates made note of this presentation of the service flag and MRS. C. H. DANlJi;LS. will have similar flags for their home chtirches or for conferences, HANGING A SIGN and state and district organizations. Ihe flags may be obtained from Everyone is looking for forceful denominational houses or may be ways of presenting "The Crusade of easily made. Compassion" with its call for Christian doctors and nurses. At a num- AN AMBULANCE FOR VELLORE ber of conferences a simple dramatic given after one rehearsal made an As a gift from the Northfield Conappeal not soon to be forgotten. ference the first ambulance is to go to the Women's Union Medical Col- It is entitled "Hanging A Sign" lege at Vellore, India. To tum from and presents a young American doc- ambulances and supplies for war tor with her diploma and her profes- work to similar necessities for missional sign in hand looking for the sion work seemed so natural that best place' to hang it. Bids are as soon as the need was mentioned entered by the various non-Christian gifts poured in until $2,500 was nations that her sign be hung in given. A cablegram was sent to Dr. their lands. Some of the facts of Ida Scudder, in charge of the Vellore the text book are used to advantage. College, that the ambulance was on It closes with an appeal from the the way. Women of the East to the Women of the West which. at Northfield When, after the meeting, the chairwas given by Mrs. Emrich of Tur- man and treasurer counted the money key in a way never to be forgotten and checks they discovered that a by those who heard it. mistake of $100 had been made in the accounting and report in the The presentation requires only auditorium. about fifteen minutes and it could be given at the beginning or the close Upon reaching home the chairman of a program. It might be given received a letter from a friend who effectively at a meeting of doctors had not been present at the meetor nurses, a student meeting, or at ing and who knew nothing of the any local meeting.* ambulance, but who enclosed a check for one hundred dollars saying she UNFURLING A SERVICE FLAG felt impelled to send that gift for some special need. One of the most impressive moments of the Northfield Foreign HOUSE PARTIES ALSO Missions Conference was when the House parties in the interest of ~es may be had for 10 cents from Lit- everything else, why not house parerature HeadQuartersJ 84~ Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

ties in the interests of missions? unconsciously we have appropriated The Ocean Park, Me., Confer- as an approach for Americans only ence makes a special feature of house to their God.

parties. The "Dover Red Coats" Herein lies a suggestion for an were much in evidence, while "The "International Night" in some of 'Jur Blue Birds" with their emblem of local churches, which have wiiilin happiness on white hats and sleeves reach students and peoples frc)m and the cosy cottage they termed many lands.

"The Nest," combined all the de- lights of a well chaperoned house A NEW PAGEANT ON THEYEAR·S party with all the privileges of the THEME Conference. House parties in con- A pageant entitled "The St1 iking nection with other Conferences offer of America's Hour"* on the ·.heme undreamed of possibilities. Some for the year, "Christian Americanizahosts or hotesses who wants a bound- tion and Human Conservation,' has less opportunity for next year's con- been a most successful dramatk feaferences· should be considering house . ture of a number of Conferen<' 'So party possibilities. The prologue suggests the tl erne INTERNATIONAL SESSIONS of the pageant: "Hark ye, oil ye people! We come to spread before The presence of delegates from many lands at many conferences add- you a pageant of today. In mil:;'":, ed some fine features. It brought and color, and motion. We sh<:ll about a more genuine Christian paint you a canvass which shall tell a story of this world. Heed well brotherhood, it required the temper- the words of the central figure, ing of the flights of missionary elo- World Spirit, who since time began quence with the accuracy of up-todate facts. It relegated to the has dwelt upon this earth supported past the portrayal of foreign na- by Liberty and Justice. tives to provoke laughter in the gal- "Before these three see the natives leries. of the Past summoned for judgment.

Last of all behold America appear Said one delegate, "When I was before the judgment seat. Hear the seated by that splendid Chinese stu- indictment brought against her by dent whose exquisitely sensitive face the three judges, in the name, Labor, showed how quickly she sensed the Illiteracy, Poverty and (';lild Labor. attitude to her land I suddenly felt Hear also the pleas of foreign lands that some of the presentations of to America for Life and Light. China we have made, playing up WeIcome the ~ife bringing forces of ridiculous customs far too strongly, have been common and unworthy." Education, Human Conservation, and Play. Heed ye well the words On "International Nights" special which Liberty ~pea;"6 III America, programs have been prepared in which some one from every land and let Imagination paint for you the moving dram?_ of world history, represented took part. In many while Conscience repeats in your ears of the pageants and dramatics the the great cho~ds, intoned by the mulparts have been taken not by imita- titude of voices in every language tion but by real representatives of spoken on the earth today, soundthe various countries, who pleaded ing forth the striking of America's with an irresistible earnestness for opportunity to give to the world their land. At one of the Conferences Him~ who only is set for the healing a profound silence which meant of the nations." more than any applause followed the singing by Mrs. Cavan of the Philip- .. Published by the Genera! I,.iterature Gu.n· mittu, 844 ])re:rp! Bldg., Philadelphia) fa, pines of one of the hymns which Price 10 cents.

BEST METHODS

STUDENTS OF TWENTY· SIX NATIONALITIES AT A NORTHFIELD CONFGRGNCE; HERE AND THERE METHODS trips would be arranged at each stop- over. The tickets were made after In a number of Conferences dele- the regulation model with coupons gates were asked to tell some of the to be detached at each stop, the plans they have used most success- last one on the strip reading "Good fully. Some of these you may use in for one first class passage on the your work. steamship 'Imagination' from Boston to Alexandria." The trip was, of A Trip Around the World course, laid out so we could study the countries and missions with which An attractive poster was placed we were most concerned. in the vestibule of our church, stating that the steamship "Imagination" At each meeting we had a conwould sail on a certain date for a ductorette in charge who made up trip around the world; that stops the program, in which different 1Nould be made at certain points that speakers told us of the points of inpassengers might have opportunity to terest in the country, of its social study the character and customs of customs, its religions, the mission the country and its people; that spe- work being done there, etc. Anycial refreshments peculiar to the one baving souvenirs or curios country would be served at each s:op and an opportunity be given to of any kind from the country at inspect i.nteresting exhibits of souv- which we were stopping was asked enirs. The poster was decorated with to bring them. These were displayed picture of steamer. vVe gave an and opportunity given for asking assurance that there would be no and answering questions. seasickness, and that interes:ing side After the program, guests were in-

vited to the church parlor where first meeting of the year. When the plates were passed for an offerlight refreshments, suggestive at least ing of money another plate was passed asking for an offering of of the country studied, were served. ·prayer. On this second plate were slips upon each of which was a We were fortunate in having a picture of a missionary with a short sketch of her life, and work. Each friend who had traveled all over member was asked to take one home missionary and one foreign missionthe world and who had lived in ary and to become the praying mate, "working together through prayer." many fot;eign lands. She supplied These 'slips with pictures were fur- nished free by our Board. many interesting articles which she Our most important step of all had collected at various times and however has been our Prayer Band.

places. These with the additional From ten to a dozen of us who have signed the prayer covenant card things secured from other members meet weekly for intercessory prayer. We use Andrew Murray's "With made intensely interesting meetings. Christ in the School of Prayer" for a short time of mediation. Then Our trip was a great success, the the requests for prayer are given. Many and varied have been these attendance large and the interest requests, some even coming from headquarters at Boston. The church keen. I am sure other societies turns to us repeatedly with requests and this little meeting place of prayer would enjoy a similar journey as has become a place of power. Amaz- ing have been the results. Somemuch as we did. times they seem almost miraculous. We have prayed for laborers to be MRS. G. W. CHAFFEE, sent forth into the fields. Three have decided to go out Hom our own Prospect Hill Congregational Church, church.

. Somerville, Mass. Nothing-rain nor shine, summer's heat, nor winter's snow-interfere Three Important Features in our Society with our meeting toge~her weekly for prayer. Park Memorial Baptist Church, Springfield, Mass. We have a com- A book is kept in which requests mittee of three, the president making for prayer are entered. We mark a fourth, among whom we divide the them with a star as they are annames of those who cannot attend swered. our monthly missionary meeting. One woman is very deaf, another, who is We prayed for the conversion of vitally interested, is a music teacher, a young physician. According to the who has a rest period of fifteen "exceeding abundantly" of God's minutes between lessons. To these promise. He answered for not only members who cannot attend we give did the young doctor accept Christ the names of all those who are to himself, but his two sisters came have any part on the program, upon with him. the day of our meeting, asking them to be in prayer at the very time of our meeting and in a prayerful spirit all the day for the meeting. We mention especially those who timidly and with fear are taking part for the first time. We give all the information we can which will enable this absentee band of intercessors to pray intelligently.

Great blessing has come upon our meetings and we feel that at least in part the secret of it is in this praying force back of us.

Another good thing was at the The methods you have tried successfully in your church, or Sunday-school, or missionary society would likely help someone else if you would pass them on through the REVIEW. Address Mrs. E. C. Cronk, 222 Fourth Ave., New York City.

PRAYbR

is the greatest aVenue of S£RVIC£, ~. commumtv'

gz~tJ must PRAY You I The Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions NEW POSTERS in repeated sets around a room, so ·SET of posters has been pre- that which ever way one looks the A pared which each Woman's Mis- same message strikes home, will be sionary Society will wish to display found cumulatively effective.

prominently. The message of a The accompanying illustrations speaker appealing for a more perfect show two of the set of six posters service at a program meeting will be published by the Council. Electro emphasized by the "Call to Service" duplicates of these illustrations may at her side on the platform and by be borrowed from the Council for the poster hung before the pulpit, use in denominational papers. The visualizing the truth of the place of symbolic figure with the flags of prayer in the spiritual economy. country and Church has been adopted Soon will be held the regular fall as emblem by the Council. On the District and Presbyterial gatherings; poster, two groups personify the the force of these is greatly aug- needy ones succored by the Boards mented by poster appeals. A study constituent to the Council: Indian, class session may well climax in the Negro, Spanish-American, Immicontemplation of a succinct sentence grant. One of the other posters on a poster. Speakers frequently graphically presents the need of unity make use of the value of a recurring and cooperation. We are told that impression by the repetition of an there is melody in oriental music, but aptly-phrased verity until its message not harmony, that only Christian sinks deeply in the hearers' sub-con- lands have harmony in their music. sciousnes~. Advertisers long ago The Master has written our symlearned the worth of repetition. phony; may we each be attuned to Posters, serving as decoration, hung prodnce the perfect consonance He 699

has planned. The constituency and and the genius of those who had seemed to be serving only Mammon was devoted affiliations .of the Council are pre- passionately to a principle, and that the blood of those who came in seeming sented on .one of the posters, the greed to America was shed gloriously in the high enterprise which called Amer- study books and supplemental ma- ica to this new world crusade. Moses in the burning bush speaking with God, Saul terial are illustrated on another, on the road to Damascus, never came closer to the force outside ourselves which while still another is the poster used makes for righteousness,-the force that has guided humanity upward through the so effectively in the Victory Liberty ages,-than America has come in this hour of her high resolve. And yet for Loan campaign: "Americans All," fifty years she has come into this holy ground steadily, and unswervingly; indeed, displaying an Honor Roll of fourteen ror a hundred years, for three hundred years from Plymouth Rock to the red names evidencing various nationali- fields of France, America has come a long and perilous way-yet always sure, and ties in parentage. The Government never faltering.

has generously given the Council a "To have lived in the generation now passing, to have seen the glory of the large supply of these posters which coming of the Lord in the hearts of the people, to have watched the steady tri- can be advantageously used, especially umph in our American life of the spirit of justice, of fellowship over the spirit of in connection with the study book of greed, to have seen the Holy Ghost rise in the life of a whole nation, was a the year. blessed privilege."

"The Heart of a Fool," a recent Well is it that this year we are centering our thoughts upon Chrisbook by William Allen White, con- tian Americanization, the achieve- ment of national unity, the fulfilling tains the following passages epitomiz- of the spirit of America, servant to the world because she is servant of ing the spirit of those "Americans her Lord and Master, the Servant, the Son of Man. All" : A STL'DY BOOK GLANCE BACKWARD "Here lay a continent-rich, crass, ma- terial, beckoning humanity to fall down AND FORWARD and worship the god of gross and palpable realities. And, on the other hand, By MRS. FRANK M. GOODCHILD here stood the American spirit-the eter- Seventeen books in seventeen years nal love of freedom, which had brought speak eloquently of Home Mission men across the sea, had bid them fight study by Christian women in the kings and principalities and powers, had United States. forced them into the wilderness by the hundreds of thousands to make of it 'the The Ecumenical Conference of homestead of the free' ….. . 1900 convinced certain devoted wo- men of the necessity of more careful "This spirit met the god of things as missionary instruction. And so in they are, and for a generation grappled in faith the Home Mission Study a mighty struggle. Course was initiated. One of the first books published was "Under "And men said: The old America is OUf Flag," written by Miss Alice M. dead; America is money mad; America Guernsey, who has been the patron is a charnel house of greed. Millions and saint of the movement. With no millions of men from all over the earth capital except tremendous earnestness .came to her shores. And the world said: these promoters attempted the diffi- They have brought only their greed with cult task of distributing the books them. And still the struggle went on. through the various denominational The continent was taken; men abolished the wilderness. A new civilization rose. boards, and set about persuading And because it was strong, the world said it was not of the old America, but of a new, soft, wicked order which wist not that God had departed from it.

"Then the n'ew epoch dawned; clear and strong came the call to Americans to go forth and fight in the Great War-not for themselves, nor for their own glory, nor for their own safety, but for the soul of the world. And the old spirit of America rose and responded. The long inward .struggle, Been only by the wise, only by those who knew how God's truth conquers in this earth, working beneath the surface, deep in the heart of things, the long inward struggle of the spirit of America for its own was won.

"So it came to pass that the richness of the conlinent was poured out for an ideal,

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 70r

Christian women to their diligent His ardent temperament, his instinc- tive compassion and his training have use. fitted him to interpret to the favored Nor were they mistaken about their citizens of America the deep yearn- ing at the heart of European immiclientele. A quiet but effective grants. His innate sense of justice propaganda has circulated the books, and his own virile manhood have organized study classes, captured in- saved him from the mistake of petdifferent women, opened lecture ting the foreigner, a snare to so courses and summer assemblies until many social workers. Added to all thousands who once felt but the most this, Dr. Brooks firmly believes casual concern for the spread of the in the regener<;Lting power of the Gospel in America, have become posi- sacrifice of Jesus Christ for the re- demption of the world, and does not tive forces for righteousness. hesitate to offer this gospel as the When the Council of Women for one sure solvent for the evils in America's social order. Home Missions was formed twelve years ago, this text-book work was This book, in common with other assumed by it and placed under a great social studies, attracts the committee with Miss Guernsey as its reader to further research; while efficient first chairman. For the past making no pretense at finality, it inseven years Mrs. John S. Allen has duces a hopeful attitude towards the been the head of the committee, lend- most perplexing questions, and iming to the task her calm, clear judg- parts to the sordid trappings of alien ment, a rich experience in Christian life such a glamour of idealism that work, and a literary taste and acu- participation in social betterment bemen which guarantees a successful comes positively inviting.

product. The first chapter is a study of The book for 1918, "The Path of America's experiment in democracy. In contrast with Russia's wild orgy Labor," has had a circulation of in projecting a self-governing state, fifty-five thousand. If publishing the early Americans, through their conditions had warranted, another colonial experience, advanced in oredition could have been sold. The derly progress into intelligent nabook on Mormonism had probably tional life. But the sturdy virtues the largest sale, "Conservation of Na- of pioneer days have been wearing tional Ideals" foHowing closely with thin under the refinements of comsomething over sixty thousand; "In fort. With genuine alarm, earr:est Red Man's Land" had a,pproxiinate1y students cif our times have marked a similar sale. The Presbyterians our indifference toward the perils lead in the use of the books, with threatening national unity. The enor- Methodists close behind and Baptists mous influx of foreign peoples has next in line. aroused in most of our citizens only disgust at their unpleasant habits, or The success of the movement nat- else satisfaction at the possibilities of uraHy attracted the attention of other their commercial exploitation. But mission agencies, and this year the the alarm of war roughly awakened Missionary Education Movement re- America from complacency. Friend quested the privilege of co-operation and foe, alien and citizen were in joint publication of the book, brought face to face. Loyalty and "Christian Americanization, A Task disloyalty stood out in bold contrast. for the Churches." The women will- The years of trifling with the crying ingly assented and an initial edition evils of immigration now uttered of seventy thousand is now on the sharp rebuke, and social workers market. The author, Charles Alvin who had long labored to rouse the Brooks, Secretary for Foreign-speaking Missions of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, in this book made a valuable contribution to the study of America's social problems.

public conscience, scarcely controlled temptible atoms of the dust of autoctheir passionate, "I told you so." racy. And because America is young and strong, with daring and initiative While the war revealed the neces- and the spirit of adventure, with no sity for national unity, the end of traditions of the past to fetter her, the war has by no means achieved with plenty of room to expand,with our unification. True Americanism unlimited supplies of the necessities is not in providing capable men for of life, she is the Land of Opporan obedient army, not in standardiz- tunity, the Land of Liberty, God's ing them like peas in a pod, nor in Country "where the air is full of compelling the use of a common lan- sunshine, and the flag is full of guage, nor in perfecting a liberal stars." government, nor in .breeding an exclusive people with a supreme con- At the end of Dr. Brooks' second tempt for all other lands. The true chapter every reader must echo his American holds in sacred trust a great ideal of liberty not for his own * fervid thanksgiving: "America, my enjoyment, but to pass on to those in bondage, and no man craving free- country, thank God!" dom is too mean to be lawful heir. Nor will Americanization be com- A NOTEWORTHY SERVICE pleted until everyone who shares the bounty and protection of this land of Eighteen and a half years of enthe free, gladly pledges everything, thusiastic, arduous, constructive, sec- retarial service for Home Missions even to life itself, to keep burning has Mrs. Robert W. MacDonell given the sacred fires of liberty. In this to the Southern Methodist Church. task Dr. Brooks sees the salvation of After eight years of loving service in America, for by introducing millions Mexico with her husband, until his of foreign birth to the inheritance of death, she became General Secretary a great national life, she will have of the Woman's Board of Home assured her own continued existence. Missions and was somewhat of a pioneer in promoting Christian work The second chapter admits the ar- among Negroes, Mexicans, and deriving foreigners into partnership pendent girls. During her secretarywith American hopes and endeavors. ship also the office of Deaconess was All that is asked of them is loyalty created and a system of social cenand sincerity. They, too, have come ters and of cooperative homes for to discover America, as did our working girls was developed. The heroic ancestors. And now America last half of her service has been deundertakes a singular and splendid voted particularly to the Home Deadventure: to make a nation out of partment of the Woman's Missionary fragments of the world's peoples; a Council. These years of arduous dissected puzzle, to be assembled fin- labor taxed her strength to the limit, ally a new race of mankind. She and Mrs. McDonnell felt compelled has no precedent to guide her. In to tender her resignation which was other lands and other ages, combina- accepted with regret. tions of races into a nation have been formed by subjugation, by incorpora- A fellow-officer writes: "When the tion or by adjustment; but for inside history of Home Missions in America is reserved the experiment our Church shall be written, her of assimilating most unlike elements name will be in the front rank of into a united whole. This new world those who have thought and wrought has been new life to uncounted mil- to a fine and high purpose in this cause." lions who in Europe were but con- * Succeeding issues of the Bulletin wilI con· tain digests of the remainder of the book.

fROM .MrANY

JAPAN-CHOSEN Christian school had an effect on the hearts of the pupils that worked its Sunday School Convention in Tokyo way to the surface through their countenances. Christian Advocate. JAPANESE interest in the World Sunday School Convention, to be The Continuation Committee held in Tokyo in October, 1920, is evident from a letter written by THE JAPAN Continuation Com- Marquis Okuma, of Tokyo, to the mittee, which is a lineal descend- ant of the Committee formed by the late Henry J. Heinz. The letter, Edin} urgh Conference of 1910, links togetner the two union organizations seven feet long and written in Japan- thilt have long been in operation, the ese, was brought by Mr. H. E. Cole- Federation of Japanese Churches man, educational secretary for Japan ~nd the Conference of Federated for the World's Sunday School As- Missions. The Continuation Commitsociation. The Marquis, after ex- tee is composed of forty-five mempressing his gratification that the bers, fifteen of whom are appointed plans for holding the Convention are from time to time by the Federation to be fulfilled, closes his letter as of Churches, fifteen of them by the follows: Federated Missions, and the remain- der are chosen by the. Committee "I have organized the (Koen Kai) itself. General meetings are held Patrons Association among the in- once a year for the transaction of fluential men of my country for en- business and for the discussion of tertaining the convention. Needless important questions touching cooperto say, true peace depends upon the ation and the policy and progress of understanding of the spiritual ideals the Christian movement. of the different countries. Individually I do not doubt that the great Fertile Soil in Japanese Institutions convention will not only be of great benefit to Japan, but that it will give MANY missionaries find the i r a large stimulus to the sympathy and greatest harvest in the factories brotherhood feeling of the humanity of Japan, which have been springing of the world and that it will lead up in every city and where the young to peace and better international un- women from the country are flocking derstandings." to find work and where, as is well known, the sanitary and moral condi- Chlldren of Light tions are appalling. After only a short period these young girls return AJ APANESE mother came to a to their homes physical and social mission school in Japan bringing bankrupts. In some factories there is her two daughters. She wished them a native helper always on hand to to be entered as pupils. The prin- give counsel and care for the sick. cipal asked the usual questions and A less extensive opportunity is found received the usual replies until she in reform schools for wayward boys. came to the query, "What do you ex- Many of them are open to wholepect us to do for your girls?" To some Christian influence. this the woman answered: "I live in this city and have often watched Japanese Peasant Sect the faces of your pupils. They seem to shine more than my children's do. TENRIKYO, a Japanese sect, is I want you to put some of that same said to have 3,500,000 adherents polish on the faces of my girls." It was her way of saying that she recognized that the teaching in that 703

and 2,000 preaching centers. It ing, literature, entertainment, reprevails among the peasants, and wards, music, etc. The fact that so was originated and spread by wom- many Koreans are fitted to lead in en. It commends itself to the an institute of this kind is eloquent Japanese peasantry on the ground testimony to the thorough work done that it is a variation of Shintoism, by the Missions in days gone by. free from any admixture of foreign ideas. Some of its teaching CHINA is analogous to Christian Science as to the art of healing. Tenrikyo be- Women in Church Government lievers. are reported to have been heavy contributors to Belgian relief AT THE Church of England synod funds and are much sought after as of the diocese of Fukien, held at employees in large factories. Like Foochow in February, the question other non-Christian religions, Ten- of appointing women representatives rikyo takes a very compromising at- on the councils of the Church was titude toward sin. considered. The burden of the speeches was to the effect that there Chosen Christian College was much to be learned from wo- men, and that trying to get on with- THE cornerstone of the Charles M. out their advice in the councils of the Stenison Building, the first per- Church was like trying to get through manent structure of Chosen Christian daily life with one hand only. Final- College, was laid on April 19, by ly the synod decided almost unan- Mrs. H. G. Underwood, whose hus- imously that women should be band was founder and first president eligible as representatives, not only of the College. This is the first of on pastorate committees and church five buildings, and funds for four of councils, but also on the synod itself. them are already assured. Model homes for the families of the faculty Church Missionary Review. and married students will be erected, and will exemplify the most modern Prayer for Israel in Eastern Asia ideas in equipment and sanitation. Because of the disturbed conditions THE FUKIEN branch of the in Korea, no formal invitations to the Prayer Union for Israel held its ceremony were issued, and there was eighteenth annual meeting recently at only a small attendance of students, Kullang. In Tokyo last February a considerable number of whom were five hundred Japanese Christians under arrest. gathered to hear the testimony of a converted English Jew, and after- Snnday School Institnte for Teachers ward organized the Japanese Prayer Union for Jews. The first Thurs- AN Institute for the training of day of each month is to be devoted Sunday-school teachers, the first to Bible study concerning the Jews, to be held in Korea, was in progress and prayer for their salvation. Twenin Seoul when the revolutionary dis- ty-one groups in Korea meet to pray turbances became 'acute. At least 200 for Israel on the last Thursday of were in attendance. The course cov- every month. ered three weeks, and the students were divided into four groups: first, Agriculture as Related to Evangelism primary teachers; second, intermediate grade teachers; teachers of CHINA has no less than six speadult classes; and fourth, officers of cially trained agricultural missionthe Sunday-school. The program aries, and there is a' growing conviccovered all the important matters of tion that agricultural training has an Sunday-school organization and ad- important place in the missionary ministration, grading, teacher-train- program. A paper advocating the introduction of agriculture in China's middle and primary schools, read at the Honan-Shantung Educational As-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sociation, mentions the following ways trains, in China as elsewhere, but by which agriculture will serve both while the steamer mail lines at the educational and evangelistic work. end of 1917 totalled 68,000 Ii, and the railway lines, 19,500 Ii, the over- 1. It offers a field for students not land courier routes aggregated 432,000 fitted to become professional men. Ii. From the rail terminus of Honan to Tihwafu in Turkestan, the Chinese 2. It will dispose of the criticism post office maintains a day and night that mission schools do not train stu- service of over 2,000 miles. The dents for life ·work. carriers cover an average of 70 miles a day on foot. Carrying 40 pounds 3. It will send forth students to be of mail, they do 60 miles at a more independent, and thus better stretch, with only short stops for able to support the Church. food. Often the carriers have to contend with floods and when boats 4. It will develop character and a are not available, they swim with the sense of responsibility, and teach the mail bags on their heads. Bands of dignity of labor. brigands sometimes make necessary the suspension of mail service, the The writer of this paper in The mail accumulating at some center, Chinese Recorder further maintains until it is considered safe to proceed that agriculture will demonstrate the with it. practical phase of Christianity, and furnish a point of contact with the The Tanners' Deity eighty-five per cent of China's population who are farmers. TANNING is the chief trade of Kiangchow, Shansi pro v inc e, Chinese God's Annnal Tour called "The Purple City." Among I T IS the custom in each Chinese its myriad temples and shrines is one city to have a "Ch'eng Huang dedicated to the Pi-shen, (hide Miao," or temple where the god of deity), who reigns supreme over all the city abides. In Man Ch'eng, a the industry of skin scraping. His city not far from Paotingfu, this city origin is lost in obscurity, and outgod makes an annual visit to the side of the Purple City his fame is neighboring villages. Like other unknown. Month by month festivals idols, he is constructed of mud and are held in his honor. Traveling beautified with gaudy colors. On this actors are invited to occupy the stage annual tour he is carried in a sedan on the street opposite the temple chair in the manner of a bride, al- door, and for three days, from ten though unlike a bride in being visible. in the morning till long after mid- The procession is headed by young night, there is the constant din of men carrying a gun, whose detona- clashing cymbals and strident gongs. tions sometimes shatter windows. A In the summer, processions; in wingroup of fanatics follow, carrying in- ter, fireworks; and in all seasons, cense pots which are suspended by candles, meat offerings and incense hooks caught in the under part of make up the worship of this deity. their forearm. Other paraders wear placards hung about their necks "It is impossible that anyone in the which proclaim some crime they have tanning trade should become a Chriscommitted. The custom seems well tian," a missionary was told when he established in Man Ch'eng. took up his r~sidence there in 1914. A year later, one of the most skilled China's Man System of the craftsmen was baptized and continues to witness for Christ. ROBBERS, beasts and floods are Others have followed, but fear and ,'the per<ils against which the superstition is holding many back. Chinese postal authorities must safeguard their carriers. One is likely to think of post offices as receiving and distributing mail by steamers and

SIAM AND LAOS tians in the diocese who have been won from the lowest state of degra- Leper's Systematic Giving dation and ignorance, and in turn they are supporting a mission to THE ENVELOPE system is an carry the gospel into regions where innovation of the leper church at it is now unknown. Chiengmai, Siam. Where to get the envelopes was the problem that con- The Congregationalist. fronted the members, but with a pile of white paper scraps from the mis- Agricultural Missions sion press at their disposal, the lepers fashioned their own envelopes, al- THE Mission Demonstration Farm, most without hands. The crude, mis- Burma, India, has grown from shapen envelopes piled in the collec- ten to twenty acres. On one half tion basket the first Sunday there- sugar cane has been grown, on the after gave evidence of the difficulty other half rice. It is expected that fifwith which the mutilated stumps of teen tons of brown cake sugar will hands had worked. The weekly be yielded. The poultry business has offering has always been about 60 been a great success. The greatest encents, but the first envelope collec- couragement to the agricultural plans tion reached the high mark of $1.44. is the fact that the Government of Burma is willing to help in de- INDIA veloping an agricultural school at Pyinmana. It has made plans for The National Missionary Society an agricultural college at Mandalay, with 4 number of experiment sta- THIS native Christian soc i e t y , tions located over the province. The which has been at work for college at Mandalay will touch only about thirteen years, conducts mis- those who have passed the high sions at six centers, all except one school, while the Burman agriculhaving ordained Indian missionaries. tural school is designed to reach the There is one medical missionary. sons of farmers who are able to get The Society's income in 1918 was only a common school education. the largest ever received, amounting to 25,450 rupees ($8,000). The Southern Workman. steady increase of income from 3,500 rupees the first year promises Burma Student Camp much for the determination of Indian Christians to assume responsi- THE seventeenth annual camp of bility for evangelizing their own the Burma Student Christian Asland. sociation was held at Cabin Island, Kokine, from March 28 to April 2. Transformation in Dornakal Various games and social activities were enjoyed, and there was a daily REMARKABLE work has been program, beginning with "Morning done in the native state of Dorn- Watch" at six. a. m. and followed aka! by Bishop Azariah, the first by a morning and afternoon session Anglican Indian Bishop. When he of Bible study, and a devotional serventered this state ten years ago, he ice at sunset. The morning and was the only Christian in the place. afternoon conferences were con- He bought a house and nine acres of land for $100 and started to work, ducted by Prof. W. J. Hutchins, of almost single handed. Among the great masses in the country districts Oberlin, Ohio. who di:::cussed "The there were no roads, no schools, no Duty of Christians to Win Men," security, no justice. The bishop "The Business of Citizens of God's started industrial schools where weav- Kingdom," and kindred subjects. The ing, carpentry and agriculture were Bible Study Circle was conducted by taught. Today there are 60,000 Chris- Mr. W. T. M. Clewes, of Rangoon.

On the last day of the camp, each student was asked to write briefly his

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

impressions of the conferences, and The new Armenia, if the Armenian to tell what theme had most appealed national delegation has its way, will to him. All had gained a deeper extend from nearly the Caspian Sea knowledge of Christian truth, and on the east to Caesarea on the west, had come to see that their first duty and from the Black Sea on- the north was to win others to God. to the Mediterranean on the south- west. It will contain about 130,000 MOSLEM LANDS square miles and a population of 4,300,000. Of these, 2,500,000 will Mecca MOOr the War be Armenians, 500,000_ other Chris- tians and 1,300,000 Turks, Arabs, THE AVERAGE annual number Circassians, Persians, Kurds, Tartars, of hiijis or Mecca pilgrims is etc. given in the Encyclopredia of Islam at 70,000. During war time this has The arguments in favor of Amerconsiderably diminished. But this ica's accepting a mandate for this year is likely to witness a large in- region are presented by ex-ambassacrease in the number of pilgrims. dor Gerard, Hon. John Sharp Wil- The new government of Hejaz has liams, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Charles now made great improvements in W. Eliot, and others, on the sanitation, security, and facilities of grounds of humanitarian duty as a travel between Jiddah and Mecca. contribution to world betterment, the A leading Moslem photographer has confidence of Armenians in Amerian establishment at Mecca, not far can friendship, the burdens borne- by from the Kaabah sanctuary, so that other nations and the ability of one can now get without difficulty America to render this service. recent photographs of pilgrimage assemblies. It is difficult to realize Such a solution of the problem how the great festival will shape will not involve any great internaitself when the Medina railway is tional difficulty, impose any military completed to Mecca and the port of burden or incur any great expense, Jiddah, and when taxi-cabs become but it will mean untold blessing to available in and around Mecca. Armenians and freedom and protec- tion to Christian progress. Americans C. M. S. Review. have invested millions of dollars and hundreds of lives in Armenia, not Prince Faisal and the Syrian Protestant for selfish financial gain, but for the enlightenment of Armenia and for College the salvation of her people.

AT THE Peace Conference in Turkey Convicts its War Leaders Paris, Ernest Hamlin Abbott interviewed the Prince of the new ENVER PASHA, Talaat Bey and Arabian kingdom of the Hejaz, tind Djemal Pasha, leaders of the heard the Prince's opinion of the Turkish Government during the war, Syrian Protestant College at Beirut. were condemned to death by a Turk- "Daniel Bliss," said Prince Faisal, ish court-martial on July 11. Djavid "is the grandfather of Syria, and his Bey, former minister of finance, and son, Howard Bliss, is the father of Mussa Kiazim, former Sheik-ul-Islam Syria. Without the education that were sentenced to fifteen years' hard this College has given, the struggle labor. For most of the war period for freedom could never have been Talaat Bey was Minister of the Inwon. The Arabs owe everything to terior, Enver Pasha the Minister of these men." War and Djemal Pasha, the Military Governor of Syria. All three ad- America as Mandatory for Armenia mitted the Armenian massacres as a necessity because these people were ASTRONG effort is being made to troublesome. Djemal was instru- induce America to become mandatory for the new state of Armenia, set up by the Peace Conference.

mental in carrying out the massacres toring their former faith, is one outagainst the Beirut Reform League. growth of the Centenary Exposi- This is the climax of a series of tion. Subscriptions are open for this prosecutions, beginning with that of fund and the Methodist Board of Kemal Bey last April, undertaken by Foreign Missions will have the diofficials of the new regime to clear rection of the enterprise. their skirts from blame for participation in the war. Onitsha Industrial Mission A Christian Paper for Turks TRADE and industries are making rapid advance in Africa, especial- THE Rahnuma (Guide) is a bi- ly in Nigeria where coal and tin min- weekly, Christian newspaper pub- ing, lime burning, tile making, rope lished at Aintab, in the characters making, saw mills, the preparation known to the majority of the Turks, of cotton-seed oil to replace linseed, one page in Osmanli Turkish, one in are giving opportunities for the for- Armenian and another in Armeno- mation or development of local in- Turkish. The people of Aintab, even dustries. The Onitsha Industrial though they had to go without bread, Mission is doing such good work in insisted upon having a newspaper, training boys and young men to beand the subscription list has grown come craftsmen that the British Govfrom fifty to four hundred. The ernment has recognized it by the paper contains news, editorials. and a award of a grant of £100. In Basusermon or some Christian educa- toland a considerable development tional article. It is said to be the of glazed and well-finished pottery most important single agency in pre- manufacture is taking place. venting disturbances and quieting the people. The funds for maintaining C. M. S. Review. the paper are supplied by British officers. Christianity and Cannibalism on the Jewish Assembly in Palestine Congo THE first Constituent ~ssembly !n THE Heart of Africa Mission re- the Holy Land will meet III ports remarkable success. At Jerusalem May 18. Four hundred Nala, where work was begun in delegates are to be chosen at elec- 1915,' there are baptisms almost tions participated in by all the Jew- every week, and at Niangara, after ish residents of Palestine. The Jews eight months' work, twenty-seven decided that only Hebrew-speaking people have been baptized. At Wam- Jews shall be eligible as delegates or ba, a station opened still more reofficers at tHis assembly. cently, there are one hundred con- verts. In August, three men were AFRICA set apart as leaders and five as dea- cons. Confessions of some of the Berbers to be Reclaimed converts throw light on what these people were before accepting Christ. CHRISTIANITY had some of its strongholds in North Africa, un- i "My father" said one "killed a til dissension in the seventh century so weakened the churches as to make man, and helped to' eat him." them fall an easy prey to Moham- Another testified: "When I was medanism. Ruins of ancient Chris- three years old I remember my tian churches are still to be found in father killing a man, and because Carthage and other North Africa he had killed my brother I shared in cities. To aid in "the reconquest of eating the stew." It is said that at North Africa for Christianity," and one place the chief's custom when to establish Christian churches in the about to put a man to death was to Berber villages in the hope of res- call out to the executioner: "Come, Bongo, come, Bongo, and take away your meat;" and the chief would

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

actually give salt to be eaten with The Language Need in Africa the victim! The missionaries have now added a translation into Ban- A MISSIONARY in Congo BeIge, gala, the lingua franca of that part Miss Pauline A. Fraser, calls of Africa, of the Epistle of St. attention to the fact that while much James to those of the Gospels of is said and written about the great St. Mark and St. John. unoccupied and unevangelized areas in Africa, very little is noted about C. M, S. Review. the great language need. Tribe af- ter tribe have never had their ver- Wanyamwezi Tribe iacular reduced to writing, so that the people cannot grow spiritually THE Wanyamwezi tribe of East even if they should hear the Gospel Africa is regarded as physically and believe in Jesus Christ. They and intellectually superior to all must have the Bible in their own others in that territory. It was from tongues. It will take years to acthat tribe that the British recruited complish this, but a beginning should their best African troops. Two be made immediately, Christian linyoung men from Aberdeen offered guists are greatly needed. their services to the United Free Church of Scotland, the one as a Christian Work In Madagascar medical and the other as an ordained missionary to this field; but SINCE France took control of the Committee reluctantly decided Madagascar Protestant Christian that this work could not be under- work has been much more difficult taken in view of the fact that this than formerly, being looked upon tribe was situated more than 300 unfavorably by the French Colonial miles from any other work sup- Government. Before permission is ported by that mission and so com- granted to a Protestant Society to pletely out of touch with it, since establish any new out-station, over it must be reached by a different eighty signatures of the villagers repart of the African coast. questing such a station must be pre- sented. Last year Rev. K W. Gale, A Hospital for Mine Workers of the London Missionary Society, received over thirty-six such peti- THE City Deep Native Hospital tions for out-stations, and forwarded is operated to serve the Rand them to the Government. Mr. Gale group of mines in South Africa. reports some most interesting experi- It is fitted with all the care and com- ences in his recent missionary jourpleteness that characterize the best neys into uncivilized heathen disof the local white hospitals and holds tricts. The native pastors put in a high place among the general hos- charge of these new stations are pitals of the British Empire. About ready to endure hardships as good twelve native women nurses are in soldiers of Jesus Christ. These attendance. Near the hospital are college men receive a salarv of only modern, attractively furnished homes twenty-four shillings ($6,00) a for the resident doctor, matron and month; they live in rush huts, have white nurses, with additional quar- only impure water to drink, endure ters for the native nurses. There extreme heat, and are constantly exis great advantage to the mine own- posed to malaria. Their isolation ers in the fact that the native worker from Christian friends is complete. is afforded the best surgical, medical and nursing skill procurable, but The need for Christian teaching in the guiding policy back of this scien- these unreached districts is indetific care is more than economic. It scribable. Morality is unknown. is the practical application of the Parents even build isolated huts for Sermon on the Mount. their unmarried daughters for im- moral purposes for financial gain.

Men are rotting with disease, with proved by the history of Spain and no one to help them. Witch doctors Italy, of Austria and the Latin control the people and bitterly oppose American republics. The papacy is Christianity. When one of these a political machine, with temporal witch doctors is won over, almo~t po:ver a? wel~ ~s a religious organi- zatIOn WIth spmtual claims. the whole village will follow.

EUROPE AND SIBERIA AA Y. W. C. A. Protest NEW organization, to be called Religious Liberty in Ireland the "Evangelical Young Wom- an's Christian Association," has been I T IS said that Ireland is an forI?ed in I:ondon as a protest "imaginary" republic, with an ~gamst the mdefinite, and some- "imaginary" president, Mr. De Va- tlmes rationalistic doctrinal teachlera. But Ireland is not a republic, ing ip. the British Y. W. C. A. Some and is neither independent nor free. 60 branches of the Y. W. C. A. have Independent Ireland may never be decided to cast in their lot with the free, but true freedom is a boon new organization and others in Scoteagerly to be sought. The Irish peo- land and Wales are planning to folple who seek independence from low their example. Similar lines of England are the Roman Catholics work to those in the old Association of the South. The Protestants of will be taken up, such as Travelers' Ulster, the prosperous portion of the Aids, Recreation Centers, Mission- Island, do not wish such liberation. ary Work and Bible Study Classes. According to David O'Connor, late This proposed separation has caused editor of the Sinn Fein Daily, these some leaders in the Y. W. C. A. to promoters of the Irish Republic .qo propose steps to restore the original not wish to establish religious liberty evangelical standards of the Assoin their new state, but to have the ciation. Roman Catholic priests and bishops in authority, and to have "the Catho- War Decreases Sunday School Attendance lic religion openly taught in the public schools as the basis and corner HE official Year Book of the stone of Irish civilization." T Church of England for 1918 re- cords a decline in Sunday-school at- The Roman Catholic Church, tendanc.e of children in England, which the leaders of the Irish Re- amountmg to 60,000 less than in public proclaim as supreme, is di- 1917. Various reasons are assigned rectly opposed to the fundamental for this disquieting fact, among principles of a democratic republic. them the absence of teachers from The authority of the Pope is su- their post. An improvement is expreme, and therefore "government pected with the return of workers of the people, for the people and by from the scenes of war. the people" is impossible. The Catholic Church is also opposed to Advance in Baptist Missions the separation of church and state, and to full liberty of conscience and THE English Baptist Church reopinion. The Church denies the ports that the amount given for right of private judgment and of independent acts which may contra- foreign missions last year was $600,- vene the laws of the Church. In O~O, or $100,000 more than-the presuch a state, marriage and divorce, VIOUS year and the largest amount in education, law making and politics the history of English Baptists. will be under control of church au- Three thousand converts were bapthorities. True independence and tized on the foreign field last year. liberty are incompatible with a government controlled by the Roman Medical Missions ruustrated Catholic Church. This has been A ~EDICAL Miss.ionary Exhibi- tion was held m London in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

June and part of July, and awak- school for recreation, supper and an ened a lively interest, not only hour and a half of study for the by the various tableaus and exhibits next day's lessons. but by addresses, about social and spiritual conditions in other lands. Outside of Paris, other Protestant Demonstrations of medical work, relief has been maintained without with costumes worn and instruments interruption. At Lille, Pastor Bose used, in. Korea, China, India, Is- carried on the regular clubs of his lands and other places, were given. Protestant group, and provided 2,000 There was also a native doctor's meals each week for helpless men, office, a dispensary and an operat- women and children. ing theatre. The Gospel in the VernacnIar Denmark and Missions I N' Rome a welcome innovation THE Lutheran Church of Den- in the church services began from mark which operates mlSSlOns the end of last February. At that in India and Manchuria has come date the Vicar-General issued inthrough the stress of war time vic- structions to the parish priests of toriously. Last year there was a the city that in future at Low Mass, surplus in. the Church's missionary after they have read the Gospel in treasury, and of the fifty-four mis- Latin, they are to turn to the people sionaries which the society expected and read it again in a loud and to have on its staff, sixteen have distinct voice in Italian. On the been sent Qut since the war began. first Sunday in Lent the Society of As many more have been accepted St. Jerome began to issue a weekly and are preparing for service. These Italian leaflet, to be distributed gratis are astonishing facts when one re- among church congregations. Father members how Denmark has been Genocchi, of that Society, has supharassed with high prices and high plied the Bible Society's secretary in exchange. Rome with one of these leaflets. which is well printed, with a picture Moral Leadership in France in front, and contains the Gospel for the Sunday in Italian, followed I T is estimated that even the small- by some comments which form a est of the churches in Paris have sort of sermonette. lost at least from thirty to forty men in the war. The high cost of Bible in the Warld. living and the almost total lack of remunerative work which they can News from Budapest do has left the women and children in helpless panic. Also the moral ONE of the oldest of Jewish Misstamina and energy of spirit is sadly sions is that in Budapest under let down, now that the terrible strain the care of the United Free Church is over. of Scotland. Since the Soviets have taken control there, all religious and The French Protestant Church is educational work has been "nationtaking the lead in supplying moral alized," and representatives· of the leadership and high standards of liv- Communists are placed over the diing, and prominent in this task is rectors. The Soviet Republic has the McAll Mission, which has been decreed that all religious teaching a center throughout the war for the must cease, even prayers in the distribution of relief of all kinds. Girls' Home of the Mission. One In addition to its numerous clubs element of encouragement lies in the and organizations for both men and fact that parents are inquiring what women the Mission has a gymna- will become of their young people sium, where children whose parents if they cannot receive any religious are at work may come direct from training; and another hopeful fea- ture is that the Soviets have not yet

seized the ]i[is5ion funds, although cred books are two: "Kitab al Jil- they have reserved to themselves the wah" (Book of Revelation) and right to seize any property they may "Matzhaf Resh" (Chief Regula~ desire. The Jewish Mission Com- tion5). The first contains only five mittee has made a strong appeal to short chapters, and the second is the British Government on behalf of largely a book of legend. their interests, and it is not believed that these intolerable conditions will Religious Monthly In Siberia continue. A NEW religious monthly called The Bible in ~fodern Greek Blagovest-nik (The Evangelist) is just out. It is published at Omsk, I T is only since the war that the Siberia, by Robert Fetler, a brother Scriptures in modern Greek have of Pastor William Fetler, formerly been permitted in Greece. The of Petrograd, who founded the Rus- Greeks were therefore practically de- sian Missionary and Educational So- prived of the Bible, for few of them ciety in Philadelphia. The paper understood the ancient tongue. One comprises sixteen pages, and the of the workers of the Scripture poor quality of paper and ink used Gift Mission in Salonica reports: testify to the scarcity of those mater- ials in Siberia. One of the items re- "The War has indeed opened up corded in the paper is the closing of large vistas of opportunity in this the Baptist-Stundist Church in Omsk land for those who are engaged in by command of the military authorireligious work. Because of the pres- ties. The church leaders have apence of the Allies it has been possi- pealed to the Siberian Government, ble to get Bibles and portions of the which is headed by Admiral Kol- Scriptures into the country, and thus chak, for the return of their buildto create an appetite for the Word ing, which had been taken over as which would have taken years to a headquarters of the army staff. bring about in time of peace. We are hoping and praying that the new NORTH A~fERICA Liberal Government will let down the bars and allow the Scriptures to Plan to Educate Russian War Prisoners be imported and sold without restrictions." THE Russian Missionary and Edu- cational Society, of Philadel- The Christian. phia, plans to bring over from France from thirty to fifty Russian Devil-Worshippers of the Caucasus converted war prisoners, During their imprisonment in Germany and THE Yezides, call.d by their Austria they came in contact with neighbors "devil-worshippers," fellow prisoners who were Chrislive in a region bordering on the tians, and who by preaching. the Russian Caucasus. Their racial ori- Gospel and giving access to God's gin is in doubt. They are nomadic, Word brought these formerly nonuse the Kurdish tongue in every day converted men to believe in Christ. life and the Arabic in their religion. After the Armistice a number of They number about 200,000, and are them reached France, and the Rusdespised by Christians and Moham- sian Missionary Society is now planmedans alike. Their religion seems ning to bring them to the United to reflect aspects of the teachings 0 f States for education in their schools. Zoroaster, Moses and Mohammed. A campaign to raise a sufficient sum There is nothing in their books or for the purpose is being conducted. practice that would suggest a modeling after the diabolic. Possibly they Missionary Movement in Colleges have acquired their evil pseUdonym because of their secrecy and occult- THE campaign of the Student Ism. So far as known, their sa- Volunteers and the circulation

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of Lovell Murray's "The Call of a made 23,714 VISIts to hospitals, and World Task" among the college stu- had personal conversation with near- dents of America have helped to pro- ly 60,000 persons and distributed mote foreign missions in many col- over 30,000 tracts and Gospels. leges and universities. Special mis- Some 7,600 people professed con- sion budgets have been proposed and version. The meetings are held in several will hold financial campaigns churches, the open air, rescue mis- for missions in the fall. On the sions, institutions, industrial clubs, Pacific coast five foreign students factories and prisons. from the University of California visited all the colleges of the state The net cost of operating the In- in the interest of a missionary cam- stitute was $211,778.96, and the to- paign. The University of Texas is tal deficit on August 31 was $55,- planning to "put Texas in India" 138.53. This work is worthy of with a gift of $5,000 or more, while generous support. the University of Kentucky leaders have decided to raise a missionary FIanner House, Indianapolis budget each year as a memorial to the fourteen students who sacrificed A TROLLEY trip of less than ten their lives in the war. Dartmouth minutes from the heart of In- College has definite plans formed dianapolis brings one to a strip of for work in Turkey. The colored thickly populated Africa, a mile and colleges of the country are partici- a half by a mile in extent. In the pating in the movement, with the center of this district stands Flanspecial aim of supporting their own ner House, the only community cenmissionary in Africa. ter for the 40,000 negroes of In- diana's capital, who live in dingy, The JIoody Bible Institute dilapidated surroundings, with a minimum of light, air and comfort. A REMARKABLY effective and far-reaching work is being con- The ministrations of Flanner ducted by the Moody Bible Institute, House are many-sided. It serves as Chicago. Not only are horne mis- a clearing house for all kinds of sionaries being trained in large num- helpful activities, including Employbers, and Christian workers in many ment Bureau, Day nursery and Kindepartments of work in the home dergarten, free clinic and anti-tuberchurches, but last year 120 went out culosis society, gymnasium, etc. from the Institute to become foreign Flanner house is not a church, but missionaries. There were 117 stu- seeks to supplement the churches' redents enrolled in the day classes, and ligious instruction by a weekly Sun- 667 in the evening classes. The day-school. former included young men and women from 22 denominations, 42 Conference of New JIissionaries states and 29 foreign countries. The evening classes represented 262 THE twenty-second annual Conchurches in Chicago, 39 denomina- ference of the Presbyterian tions and 136 trades and occupa- Board of Foreign Missions, (June tions. The Bible Correspondence 4-11) at 156 Fifth Avenue, New Courses enrolled 5437 students. York, was record breaking in the number of attendants. The Reformed The work of the Institute is re- Church in America united in this markably thorough and far-reaching. conference and had 22 new mission- It includes courses of study in the aries on the list while Presbyterians Bible, missions, Sunday-school work, are sending out 110 recruits. The music and practical evangelism. The topics under discussion included: number of meetings conducted or at- "World Reconstruction and Foreign tended by students was 59,541; they Missions," "Administrative Systems,'" and "The Missionary's. Equipment." The new appointees go to remote

corners of the earth. Those as- ent languages, assembled to make signed to the Punjab and North In- plans for helping the foreign women dia remained with the Board for of their communities. The three three weeks' special study of Urdu. Chinese delegates came to learn about the Young Women's Christian Conference for Methodist Missionaries Association.

A N intensive training Conference Christian Advocate. for the newly appointed missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal LATIN AMERICA Board was held at Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Ill., July 8 to In Southern Mexico August 1. Among the lecturers were Bishop F. J. McConnell, Dr. E. D. EVANGELICAL Christian work Soper of Drew Theological Semi- is scarcely so far advanced in nary and representatives of the Bible Teachers' Training School of New Southern Mexico as in Guatemala. York and the Boston School of The- A missionary from the latter counology. Over one hundred were in attendance, most of whom left for try when journeying through the their appointed fields at the close of the Conference. Port of Mexico while on his way to Challenge to Methodism the United States for his furlough, THE report of the Committee on inquired where he could find an Findings of the Methodist Episcopal Church, meeting in Cleveland, evangelical chapel, and was told that Ohio, in June reads : "We recommend that we have a campaign of very likely they could give it to him evangelism that shall occupy the preeminent place in the conservation at the drug store. Thinking he program of the Church," and "that might not have been understood, he the goal shall be at least one million souls won for Christ by June, asked if there were not any evan- 1920." The raising of $112,000,000 for missions throughout the world gelists in the town, and received the was a testimony to the material possibilities of the Methodist Church, reply that the priest could explain but the meeting of this important challenge will call for awakened all about that. In desperation, he spiritual fervor. inquired whether there were any A Chinese Y. W. C. A. for New York Protestants in the Port of Mexico, THIRTY-NINE signatures, some and nobody had ever heard of such of them in Chinese characters, were signed to a petition asking for people. a Chinese Young Women's Christian Association in New York City. Last' Guatemala News. August a delegation of the Chinese women attended the big international Revolutions in Haiti conference which the Young Women's Christian Association held for A DEMONSTRATION of the exall foreign young women in the tent to which the many revoluvicinity of New York city. At'this tions through which Haiti has passed meeting more than two hundred has interfered with the normal life of delegates, speaking thirty-two differ- the people is to be seen on the trails of the country districts. On them one passes a never-ending stream of women-mile after mile and nothing but the female of the species-most of them with baskets on their heads. "Where are the men?" involuntarily rises to the traveler's lips. And the reply comes quickly that they never leave their huts, or at least never go abroad, since the sorrowful ex- perience of years has taught them that when they are at large they are apt to be impressed into service by roving "revolutionists." Hence one seldom sees anything but women as one wanders through Haiti.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.obeah Pratice Brazil, was the renowned possessor of an image of San Antonio, and -ELIEF in "obeah" (obsession by kept it in her home. After a long B an evil spirit) is deeply ground- period of drought her neighbors peti- tioned the old lady that she should ed in Jamaica, and is one of the lend them her "Saint" for nine days, most powerful opponents to Chris- so that they might pray to it for tianity. The "obeah" doctor is usual- that period and then return it. The 1y some disreputable renegade, liv- request was granted, and borne on a ing in poverty and filth, but his stretcher, the image made a round :services are in frequent demand. of visits in the neighborhood, finally When summoned professionally, he being returned to its glass case and enters the patient's room and calls a tribute of burning candles placed first for a pint of rum. A few drops about. To conclude the ceremony, .1.re sprinkled upon the patient, the the contents of a stone jar were rest he swallows. Then he takes out handed to those present, and their <>f his bag a few chicken feathers demeanor soon afterward gave evi- and some red cloth, which he lays dence of what the jar contained. All on the table. Next a small yellow went on their way homeward, with :snake is brought out of his bag and a feeling of merit at having done this he guides over the body of their duty to the saint, and confident the sick person. Then the crucial that he would send the needed rain. moment is at hand, for this time the obeah man utters the word THE ISLANDS ·"money." About $15 is handed over .1.nd operations begin anew. A small "A Bible Distribution in the PWlippines pan with a cover, more rum, blue COpy of the Scriptures in :and red lights, and then with a wild every home" is the maxim of whoop the obeah doctor dances, at the organized movement for Bible ftrst furiously, then slowing down to distribution in the Philippines. The a gentle swaying motion. With the aim is to have each church assume pan in one hand, the cover in the responsibility for a house-to-house <>ther, he makes a swift leap upon canvass in their respective districts, the patient, claps the cover on, and making a present of at least a penny amid an awed silence, departs with_ Gospel where no sale can be made. the "duppy" (evil spirit) safely in This reacts as an advantage to the bis pan. churches by bringing them to the attention of the public, by multiply- Ten minutes pass. Then a shriek ing the workers and by furnishing a 'is heard. An exploring party finds point of contact with the non-Christhe obeah man in wild distress. He tian community. bad stumbled, the lid fell off the pan, and the duppy had escaped. Leper Work in the PWIippines Could nothing be done to save the -patient, to whom the duppy had re- THERE are more than 5,000 lepturned? Surely, but it would re- ers on the Island of Culion, and ,quire more rum and more money. probably 1,500 more still at large on 'This time it required only a few other islands of the Philippines. The minutes to capture him, and the pan Evangelical Union directs the Chriswas put in the bag for safe keeping. tian work at San Lazaro and Culion Leper Asylums. Victoriano Mauri- BolTowing an Image cio is the leper pastor at San Lazaro, and he has his church organized PATIENCE and perseverance are with deacons and elders, who send essential qualities in the mis- in quarterly reports to their Consionary who strives to overcome the ference. The congregation numbers :ignorant fanaticism that enthralls the over 150. Lepers h:we recently -people of inland South America. An old woman in Dominge-nigo,

made a gift of 310 pesos for the numbers more outside the United erection of a chapel in Culion vil- States than in. The Presbyterians, lage. Reformed and Lutheran churches, all of which are Calvinistic, number Literacy in the Philippines 115,000,000, or three-fifths of all the Protestants in the world. M M. KALOW, secretary of the • Philippine Mission, is author- Christian Observer. ity for the following figures: Sev- enty per cent of the inhabitants of Fonndation Missionary Work the Philippines over ten years old are literate, as shown by the 1918 MR. K. Miyama, a Japanese census. Of the estimated popula- Christian worker, went to Hation of 10,500,000, 10,000,000 are waii some years ago, and, without "civilized Christians," while 500,000 any mission agency back of him, represents the non-Christians, or so- was the means of converting to called wild tribes. The percentage Christianity the Hon. Taro Ando, of literacy in the Philippines is high- the Japanese consul, his wife and er than in any of the new countries his secretaries. Later, Ando· and now clamoring for recognition by Miyama founded the National Temthe Allies. The Philippine legisla- perance Society of Japan and estabture, now composed entirely of Fili- lished the Ginza Methodist Church pinos, supports 4700 schools, with in Tokyo. The Hon. Sho N emoto, a teaching force of 12,303 teachers; another Japanese Christian and now and at their last session voted a member of the Lower House of 30,000,000 pesos to extend the edu- Parliament in Japan, was the author cational system. of a bill forbidding the sale of to- bacco to minors, and other anti- MISCELLANEOUS NOTES alcohol legislation, which passed the Lower House but failed in the Up- The Bible in America and Other Lands per. Both these Japanese Chris- tians are converts of a Methodist I N seven states of the Union it is Mission in California. illegal to have the Bible read in the public schools, yet China has New Translations of the Bible recommended the reading of the Scriptures in her schools. Thirty- 'THE Gospel by Matthew has been five million copies of the Bible are ~ translated and published in Pali, sold every year, home coming chaplains and war workers report the the sacred language of Buddhism, eager demand for Testaments among for the special purpose of introthe fighting men and missionaries ducing the Christian Scriptures to constantly testify to the transform- Burmese monks. The book of Daning effect of Bible reading upon the iel has been in great demand among heathen races of the world. these monks of Burma.

Interesting Statistics In Siam, an American missionary has succeeded in translating the RECENT denominational figures Epistles of Peter into Kamu, al- reveal some interesting facts though she does not know a word of relative to the strength of the var- that language. This seeming impos-· ious religious denominations through- sibility was accomplished with the out the world. For example: three- aid of a Laos teacher who knew fourths of the world's Baptists live no Kamu, and a Kamu colporteur between the Ohio river and the who knew some Laos. This col- Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic and porteur reads the translation to· Pacific oceans. Three-fourths of all travelers ,along the road, and one the Methodists live in the United manuscript has been worn out by States, but the Presbyterian Church constant use. The work has been revised and is now off the press.

MISSIONARY

Japan and World Peace. By K. K. lsowo Abe to the effect that "social- Kawakami. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50. istic ideas have been widely diffused The Macmillan Company. 1919. throughout the Empire in the past few years. The socialistic spirit Students of Far Eastern affairs is afloat everywhere, and it would welcome the writings of Mr. K. K. be a great mistake to judge the in- Kawakami as one of the ablest writ- fluence of socialism from the yet ers of modern Japan. His thorough small number of professed socialists knowledge of his own country, his only." (p. 39). He is pronouncedly travels and observations in China, his hostile to the military party in Japan. long residence in San Francisco, where he is the American corres- But while such statements show pondent of some of the influential that he is not a blind advocate of journals of Japan, and his clear and his country, the book as a whole educated mind combine to make shows 'that he is a staunchly loyal his views on the international situation in the Far East command Japanese. The major part of the respect. His former volumes were book is devoted to a vigorous adon "American-Japanese Relations," vocacy of Japan's foreign policy, (1912), "Asia at the Door" (1914), especially in its relations to China, and "Japan in World Politics," Siberia, the Pacific Islands ankl (1917). Mr. Kawakami is a loyal America. He courteously and skil- Japanese of the progressive school, fully flays America for inconsistency and naturally interprets Japan in in demanding a Monroe Doctrine terms of his own liberal thought. He for itself and denying one for China; does not hesitate to characterize the exposes politely but effectively the in- "divine origin" .of the Emperor as consistencies and the injustice of sev- "the sinister doctrine (p. 23), and to eral western nations, including the declare that "unfortunately, the late United States, in their dealings with Price Ito was influenced by the Far Eastern affairs; asserts that German idea of government, and, "China left to her own resources will in drafting a constitution for his ultimately become the Turkey of the country, preferred to follow the Ger- Far East if it has not already become man pattern rather than the Anglo- such"; and that Japan is abundantly Saxon conception of democracy." He justified in the course that she is takvigorously champions the growth of ing toward China. He admits howdemocracy in Japan, demands the ever that the notorious "21 demands" extension of suffrage from the pres- upon China in the spring of 1915 ent percentage of franchise-holders were a blunder, not because they from 28 of each 1,000 of the popu- were wrong in themselves but belation, calls for greater liberty for cause the manner of presentation trade unions and for greater free- were not characterized by "greater dom of speech. References to social- discretion and saner judgment." (p. ism remind us that he was long 166.) distrusted by many of his countrymen, and is still by some of them, Some things in the book will be as himself inclined toward social- challenged by American and British ism. He says: "to throttle the ad- readers, and probably by all Chinese vocacy of socialism is ridiculous" readers who. will feel that the whole (p. 36); and he quotes with ap- discussion is an eX' parte one. It is proval the opinion of Professor delightfully written, and gives an ex- cellent understanding of Japan's point of view.

717

The Crisis in Church and College. By -(1) Roman Catholic (a majority Geo. W. McPherson. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25 net. Published by the author, !n the North) ; (2) Moslems (strong- Yonkers, N. Y. 1919. m Central and Southern Albania); There has been a great deal of (3) Orthodox Greek (strong minori- ties in Southern and Central Aljust complaint of the destructive bania and (4) Protestants-a very criticism that has characterized the few converts of the work conducted teaching of many preachers and in- by the American Board missionaries. stitutions of learning. Even before The three leading religious forces men know what the Bible teaches are antagonistic, but Mr. ChekrezL they are told that it is not true. Many so called scholars and teachers holds that this element of discord adopt the premise that all knowledge can be ignored since "the weakest is attainable by intellectual investiga- point of the Albanian is his religion." gation and that the only scientific method of study is inductive. They With the return of peace there is ignore revelation and spiritual dis- ground for hope that Christian edcernment. Dr. McPherson' applies ucation will be promoted. the inductive scientific method to his study of rationalism in American A. Mosaic of Missionary Methods. By colleges and pulpits. He quotes Stanley Sowton. 12mo. 156 pp. Wesfrom text books and correspondents leyan Methodist Missionary Society, ~o show that the religious teaching London. 1918. m many of these training schools of the coming leaders creates unbelief These are methods for the home rather than faith. Dr. McPherson proves his case and then he points churches and not for the missionary. out the causes and the remedy for this "new theology." They range from the method of Albania-Past and Present. By Con- keeping missionary accounts in the stantine A. Chekrezi. 12mo. 255 pp. Maps. $2.25. The Macmillan Co. 1919. local society to the conduct of a Albania, the bone of contention in week of missionary meetings. There the Balkans, has been better known since William of Weid, the German are countless valuable suggestions Prince, was appointed ruler and then suddenly abdicated. Still Albania is taken from actual experience-misa mysterious country, about which few American's know anything defi- sionary teas, summer schools, games, nite. The Albanians are said to be the oldest race in the Balkans-they lectures, programs, mo~toes, posters, are certainly picturesque and interesting. This book is the most com- mothers' meetings, lending libraries, plete description of the country, the people and their history. advertising, curios, music, programs, Mr. Chekrezi, of Columbia Uni- etc., etc., The methods are adapted versity, is an Albanian who has studied at Korcha, at Athens and at Har- to all sorts of churches and occasions vard. He brings forward the claims of his people for an independent and will be a practical help to future. The book is full of valuable information and sh-ows the strength worried chairmen. . of Albanian character. The Albanians, however, net:d Christian educa- Robert and Mary. A Missionary Rotion. We have four religious groups mance of South Africa. Dramatized by Anita B. Ferris.

With ten characters and five scenes Miss Ferris gives a very simple and attractive missionary play based on "The Moffats"-a true story of love' and adventure. Try it in your Young People's Society or Sunday-school.

Fifty Years in China. By Samuel Isett Woodbridge. 12mo. 231 pp. Ma!) and illustrations. Presbyterian Com- mittee of Publication. Richmond, Va. 1919.

The Presbyterian Church (South) has been half a century at work in China-having begun work there in 1867. This story of adventures and a history with a polemical purpose.

achievements is a history in the form The author's aim is frankly revoluof a text book for mission studv classes. Dr. Woodbridge as a former tionary. His point of attack is premissionary in China is well fitted dictive prophecy. There is no such for his task and has given us a thing and cannot be, so this history clear, condensed, accurate and in- of Old Testament interpretation forming volume. While it relates tries to prove. chiefly to the fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church, it has a wealth Mr. Fullerton does not minimize of interesting facts for all. Ithe radical character of this thesis. It works, he assures us, first of all a fundamental change in current The History of Religions. By E. Wash- ideas of inspiration. It makes im- burn Hopkins, Ph. D. 8vo. 624 pp. possible the conception of the infalli- $3.00. Macmillan, 1919. bility of Scripture. "Prophets pre- One's view of non-Christian reli- dicted many things which never gions depends on one's view of reli- have been and never will be ful- gion. Dr. Hopkins, the professor of filled." It is no less revolutionary Sanskrit and comparative philology in in the way it affects Messianic Yale University, defines religion as Prophecy. Christ fulfills no predic- "Squaring human life with superhu- tions, only prophetic ideals.· When man Life." . He believes in the evo- Jesus told his disciples that all lution of religious consciousness and things must be fulfilled "which are convictions, but his treatise consists written in the law of Moses and the for the most part of a brief descrip- Prophets and the Psalms concern- tion of the origin, character, belie'fs ing me," He was mistaken. Our au- and practices of each religion. He thor's position, as he himself tells does not doubt the historicity of us, excludes also the miraculous, Jesus, but his view point is seen but not,. as he thinks, the supernat- in the statement that "Buddhistic uraL And finally much to his own teachings affected the story of satisfaction it cuts the tap root of Jesus." He casts doubt on the vir- the millenial hope, which he calls gin birth, the miracles and the an anachronism in our age. If there resurrection as recounted in the Gos- was no prediction of the first Ad- pels. Dr. Washburn believes in vent, there can be none of the Christianity as the ideal religion, but Second Advent. Some of us may not as a direct revelation from God. go further and wonder what is left to our Christian faith.

Prophecy and Authority. By Kemper In the preface Mr. Fullerton ad- Fullerton, Professor of 01d Testa- mits with some reservation that ment Language and Literature, Ober- the conservatism of the Church is lin Graduate School of Theology. 214 a good thing. We agree with him pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. 1919. there; and we trust that there is enough of this saving conservatism In this volume Mr. Fullerton has even in our theological seminaries, given us an exceedingly interesting to repudiate the red radicalism and well written "history of· the which this book would teach. doctrine and interpretation of Scripture" more especially of the Old Testament and of Messianic Pro- Madame France. By R. Louise Fitch. phecy in particular. He is thor- .8vo. 189 pp. $1.50 net. The Wo- oughly familiar with his subject, man's Press, New York, 1919.

and simply as a history of exegeti- The story of what the French cal methods and principles from the women did to help win the war. Full Patristic Fathers down t6 the mod- appreciation is shown, and some things ern school of criticism, it excites "French" are entirely overlooked. The our admiration. Unfortunately it is beautiful and the good are pictured while the evil is almost overlooked. ment." Among the most helpful are Miss Fitch's view point is shown in those by Dr. A. C. Gaebelein on her statements that "Protestantism is "The Preeminence of the Lord a tiny bark in the sea of Catholicism" Jesus Christ" and "The Influence and that "the Catholic Church has of the Study of Prophecy on Life done all in its power to give spiritual and Service" by Dr. W. H. Griffith aid to its believers." Thomas. There are also addresses by Dr. James M. Gray, Rev. R. A. The Conscience and Concessions. By Torrey, Dr. Joseph W. C. Kemp, A. W. Anthony, D D. 12mo. 270 pp. Rev. W. B. Riley, the late Dr. ]. $1.50. Revell, 1919. Wilbur Chapman and others.

Dr. Anthony, the Executive Secre- John W. Stevenson. By Marshall tary of the Home Missions Council, Broomhall. 12mo. 95 pp. 2s. 6d. discusses the principles of federation Morgan and Scott, Ltd., 1919. and cooperation between various denominations. He endeavors to show A brief sketch of "one of Christ's how men may join in Christian work stalwarts" for over fifty years a miswithout surrendering conscientious sionary of the China Inland Mission. convictions. After tracing the steps He was a man of courage and faith, toward unity and noting the unifying methodical, simple in his tastes, loyal tendencies of the war, Dr. Anthony a~d a bulwark of strength to the mistakes up the protests of individualism sIon. and the broad basis of brotherhood. His "Practical Program of Valid Con- Those Who Have Come Back. By cession" includes a recognition of the Peter Clark Macfarlane. Illustrated. right to differ and the validity of 8vo. 269 pp. $1.50. Little, Brown & varied experiencies, the adoption of Co. Boston, 1914. an adequate program for world bet- Eight remarkable stories of men terment, knowledge joined through fellowship, the exercise of patience, and women rescued from evil livesopen mindedness and Christian char- including a morphia fiend, a bank burity. glar, a White-chapel woman, "Lucky Baldwin," and "Mel Trotter"-all Handbook of French and Belgian Prot- changed but apparently not all con- estantism. Prepared by Louis Sey- verted to Christ. Between the lines mou,r Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 7S we seem to read that these men and cents. Federal Council of Churches. women owe their new life to Christ, New York, 1919. but the author does not give Him fulI credit. Protestants are a live and important factor in France and Belgium. Amer- John P. Williamson. By Winifred E. ican Christians should know more Barton. 8vo. 269 pp. $1.75. Flemabout them and must help them to ing H. Revel! Co., 1919. rehabilitate themselves. This handbook gives the facts-historical and The life of' a well known missionpresent day. It is valuable for refer- ary to the Sioux Indians in South ence. Dakota. His life story is full of in- cident and shows the inspiring results Christ and Glory. Edited by A. C. of faithful work. Gaebelein. 8vo. 243 pp. $1.50. Our Hope. New York, 1919. Charles Chapin Tracy. By George E. White. 12mo. 80 pp. $1.00 net. These addresses delivered at the The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1919. New York Prophetic Bible Conference in Carnegie Hall last Novem- A brief sketch of the first President ber are of varying merit. They are of Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turall Bible expositions and include ad- key. Dr. Tracy was a missionary in dresses on "the Second Coming," Turkey for half a century and his "The Last Times" and the "Judg- work as an educationalist and lover of men abides. Your Money Will Make More For You!

A N incorporated organization of Christian workers desires a loan. Want to open up new work for which funds are pledged but not immediately collectible. Adequate security given. Interest at rate of 10%, paid quarterly or semi-annually, at option of lender. This is the legal rate in the state under whose "Blue Sky Law" we hold charter. You are offered THREE ADVAN- TAGES: a, safety of loan as good as with any Bank; b, an interest rate above average in the East; c, a chance to help the work of some folks who stand for the Gospel as preached by all evangelical churches.

Write Pastor, Lock Box 918, Indianapolis, Indiana.

~nr~nu THE BEST MISSIONARY STORIES AND PICTURES FOR BOYS AND GIRLS raiblt Picture Sheds to make into scrap-books Fascinating Stories to tell to children I} CIt 0 liege A Stamp Book for a new kind of collection THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Everyland Picture Sheets: Religious-Educational College course of 4 years. Graduate School Chinese Snapshots; Chinese Boys and Girls; . of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Armenians and Syrians; Mexicans in the legiate and advanced degre~s. Two United States; The Orientals in America; year collegiate training course. In- Children of the City. and others.

terdenominational. Of full college Price, 15 cenls each, postpaid and graduate grade, with a wide range of studies, permeated by Picture Stories for Little Folks: a remarkable evangelical spirit. China; Immigration; Litlle Neighbors. Notable faculty and student body. and others.

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Prece, SO cents eacb, postpaid Order from any dencminational headquarters or from the MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT NATHAN R. WOOD, President .f th. UNITED STATES and CANADA Boston, Ma..~ Cordon.Bible College '160 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.

Please mention TH$ MISSIONARY Rtvlltw OF TH~ WORl,D in writing to advertisers A Special Offer Life and Works of Arthur T. Pierson By special arrangement we are able to make the following offer to subscribers of the REVIEW. Those who know Dr. Pierson and his books need not be told of the unique value of his works-the stimulus. interest, information and practical value contained in them. The books are mines of information and rich treasure houses-the result ot fifty years of study and experience.

The Life of Arthur T. Pierson written by his son Delavan L. Pierson Dr. J. H. Jowett says of this life story:- "The story of • noble ministry. filled with fervent devotion and strenuous endea.vor from el'd to end. Dr. Pierson had the gift of a. consecra.ted ingenuity. He was a. llkililul fisherman in the waters of life. His record is 301.0 the story of a great Bible student. The passion for Biblical .tudy eEl·me to him "ery early. and the lervor of it never grew cool. Mr. Pierson gives us the privilege 01 looking into his father's workshop, and we see the Bible student at his hest. The biography is well done. It gives us a U,il1g ma.n-Do man whose work will long abide, and whose memory remains fragrant among all bis flie:nds."

The book gives the ,eeret of Dr. Pier,on', success as a Bible student-a preacher-a pastor-an editor and a missionary crusader. Dr. Pierson filled some of the largest and most important pulpit, in America and in England. He had remarkable experiences in spiritual growth and power, in answered prayer. He travelled widely and came into close personal contact with the outstanding leaders of his day. This life-story is one of absorbing interest and unusual value. If you have not read it, do so without delay. Regular price $1.65 (postpaid.). Special price to REVIEW Subscribers (postpaid) $1.20 – Have You Read These Books By Dr. Pierson?

THE LIFE OF GEO. MULLER. Thepatriarch of Ohrist. These messages will stimulate preachof Bristol. Few lives have had a greater influence ers of today to new Vitality. They are BihlicaJ. n the past 100 years than that of George Muller spiritual, practical, powerful. Regular price $1.37 "Vhose work of faith is known all over the world. – (postpaid). Our price $1.10 (p"stpald). "'us authorized biogra.phy re"eals the secret of his power as SBen in his letters and diary. Regular THE ACTS OF THE HOL Y SPIRIT. An price $1.65 (postp~..id). Our special price $1.25 unusua I exposition of the Book of the Acts. This (postpaid). will be especia.lly valuable to teachers and preach- ers who plan to tollow the Sunday School lessons THE CRISIS OF MISSIONS. A book that has in The Acts. These studies throw new light on made many missionarieE'. It tells the wonderful the Book. Regular price 85e (postpaid). Our story of the call of God through the events of his- Special price 63c (postpaid). tory. Paper edition rfgular price 45c (postpaid). Our special price 35c (pcstpaid). MANY INFALLIBLE PROOFS. This is one of the most widely used and successful of any of the SEVEN YEARS IN SIERRA LEONE. The story many volume~ giving the arguments for the truth of.the wonderful work of God through the minis- of the Christian Religion. It shows the facts try of W. A. B. Johnson quite as remarkable as about prophecy, miracles, personal experience and the story of John G. Paton. Regular price $1.12 the character and work of Jesus Ohrist. Those (postpaid). Special price S2c (postpaid). dealing with doubt9rB or young people with un- formed faith will find this book of great value. THE HEART OF THE GOSPEL. Burning mess- Published originally at $1.10 (postpaid). Our ages that re'eal the secret of power in the Gospel Special Price SSe (pcstpaid). -..

If you have not read th£se books ftccept this special offer and seDd for them Dew. T~s also an oppcr1unity for church libraries, tnissionary socleties and Sunday Schools.

R. H. Howland 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention TH. MrSSIONAllY R.l(vliw OIt 'tHIt WOR["P in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY PERSONALS fuv. SAMUEl, M. ZWEMER, D. D., of Cairo, sailed for England August 16. After spending two weeks in England in the interests of the Nile Mission Pre.ss he will proceed to Cairo to resume his work in the Cairo Mission and Theological Seminary. Dr. Zwemer has spent fifteen months in the United States in response to a call from "the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

DR. PAUl, HAIUUSON of Arabia writes For my sermons, I use that he has recently taken a second jour- the large, bold type. ney to Riadh, Central Arabia, and found Then by "Just turning a friendly spirit among the people. The Bedouins are in the throes of a tremen- the knob" the &~ dous revival of orthodox Mohammedan- t"l1>e' 11 ,.e.a.~~ ~o,. …… ism. They come to the mis.sionary for medicine, but afterwards would not recog- ~,.~a.~e. co,.,.e,~o~~e~clI. nize the "infidel" doctor on the street. 6, SundAY School not'ces.

REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., Secretary of the American Board, and his party have arrived safely in Japan.

DR. GEORGE C. RAYNOLDS, veteran medi- "Many Typewriters In One" cal missionary of Van, Turkey, is at present living in California, and has recently made a short speaking tour through the southern part of that state.

MISS MARY J. CAMPBEl,l" author of Would you. like to know wh'll the Multiplex Hamrnnud is so popular with "The Power House at Pathankot" is the ALL claues of people' ".,.e ca.n tell national temperance organizer for all In- you in /011.7 words: dia. Miss Campbell has been a missionary of the United .Presbyterian Church Becaullft of its lreraatiHty! for thirty-three years, and the Indian Government, recognizing the imporlance The 11 ulttplbX H ammon.oJ does everyof her temperance work, has awarded her thing any other typewriter will do, the Kaisar-i-Hind medal. and buide,<" if you "Just tum the BISHOP JOHN M. MOORE, of the Metho- knob" you can chan~tI (rom one style dist Episcopal Church, South, has gone to or type, or from one Jangua.g'fi, to an- Rio de Janeiro, where he will be OCC't- other. Note the abo,"e specimon pied with Episcopal duties until the end (s1Jghtly rool1(,oo) all wTiU8n on U~. of the year. He will return to the United States to take part in the Commis- SAME machine. sion on the Unification of Methodism. No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. MISS VAN SOMMER, founder of the Egypt General Mission and of the Nile No matter who Mission Press, has opened a book shop in you Ire. what you Jerusalem which will eventually be are, or where you stocked with Hebrew and other books for ….e, the Multiplex the increasing Jewish population, in 'l. Mi- Hammond Is the tion to a full supply of books in Arabic wrltln~ m&chlne for Moslem readers. for YOU. M&U the coupon ! 0 r MR. CHARLES V. VICKREY, Executive Cree tolder Secretary of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, has gone to Also a PORTABLE Model Armenia and Syria with four other mem- Full capacity. Weight about 11 pound•. Continued on page xii Ask tor lIP,,,;,,, (old.,… Mailed free.

lnquire about apecial terros to prof~lI.ional.

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THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 East 69d~ St., New York City. Please send free Fold…- to: Name Add~ ________________________ Occupatioo _______________________ Please JDtntion THJ; MISSIONARY R.(vu:w 01' ~HJt WORLD in writing to advertisers OldBi hi es Continued from page xi Re-Bound bers of the organization to make a special Haven't you often wanted that old survey of both relief and reconstruction Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all work. its associations and sentiment ? You have wondered where you could have Tm: RT. REv. BISHOP WESTCOTT of the work done, and perhaps you have Chota Nagpur has been appointed to sucthought the price would be high. ceed the late Bishop Lefroy as Metropoli- tan of the Anglican Church in India. You can have your Bibles and Hymn Bishop Vestcott is President of the Na- Books re-bound inexpensively and tional Missionary Council of India, and well-Ieatner or doth, as you prefer. is therefore familiar with the problems of the Christian Church in India. Send me your Bible by parcel post insured-} will send you an estimate of MR. S. H. Gr.ADSTONE:, treasurer of the the cost subject to your approval be- Conference of Missionary Societies of Great Britain, vice-president of the fore the work ;s done. If this estimate Church Missionary Society and member of the Central Board of Missions, has is not satisfactory, I will return your been elected President of' the London Bible without charge. Jews' Society.

R. H.HOWLAND BISHOP WII,LIAM F. ANDE:RSON of the 156 Fifth Ave., New York Methodist Episcopal Church has been in attendance at the Denmark Conference. the first time since the outbreak of the war when an American Bishop has visited any of the Scandinavian Conferences.

Rev. Wn,LIAM RE:~n'RY HUNT, F. R. G. S.. missionary to China for thirty years. has been decorated by the Chinese Gov- ernment and by the Chinese Red Cross Society for his services in relieving fa- mine suffering.

American Motherhood DR. TASUKU HARADA of Kyoto, Japan, former president of the Doshisha, the For Every Home in the Land leading Christian institution of his coun- try, is taking a year of rest and travel, and has made a brief visit to the United States.

Recognized Authority on REV. BRENTON T. BADLE:Y, who has for two years been representing India in the The MOTHER Methodist Centenary, has returned to In- The CHILD and dia as executive secretary of the Centen- The HOME ary Movement for India and Burnr!, with headquarters at Lucknow. $1.25 per Year BISHOP FRANK W. WARNE:, who has With Mi••ionary Review, $3.15 been in America for the past fifteen months, has left to hold Conferences of THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Nortl, India, Bengal and the Philippine Islands. Cooper.town, N. Y. MR. N. W. TILAK, Indian Christian patriot and poet, died at Bombay on May 9th,. 1919. Mr. Tilak spent several years of his early life wandering from one part of India to another studying religions, and in 1895 publicly declared his ac- ceptance of Christianity. From that time he has continued to teach Christianity by pen and speech.

Please mention TH:t MISS10NARY Ravntw OJ' 'tHJt W~RI.D in writing to ~dvertisers NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Do You Believe in the Heroes of Faith in Japan. Edward L. Supernatural Pell, D. D. Edited by E. B. Chap- pell, D. D. Map. 101 pp. 25c. Pub- IF you offer your Sunday-school lishing House of the M. E. Church, South Nashville, Tenn. 1918.

About Little Folks in Japan. Edited class anything less than the by E. B. Chappell, D. D. 40 pp. supernatural, your Sunday-school Smith and Lamar, Nashville. 1918. work will be a failure. For this Boys and Girls of an Island Empire. Prepared by Lucy Foreman. Edited reason The Sunday School Times by E. B. Chappell, D. D. 48 pp. offers you every week, Smith and Lamar, Nashville. 1918. -a supernatural Bible: a book which in The Opportunity for Religion. By every syllable is God's very Word: God- Harry F. Ward. 12'0. 66 pp. 60c. breathed, unique, authoritative, infallible. New York: The Woman's Press. 1919. -a supernatural Christ: a Saviour who Social and Religious Life of Italians in is God, supernaturally born of a virgin, America. By Enrico C. Sartorio. 147 working miracles of love and omnipotence, pp. $1.00. Christopher Publishing dying as our Substitute, His body mir- House, Boston. 1919. aculously raised from the dead, able to save to the uttermost, and coming back Christianizing Christendom. By S. L. to reign OVer His earth. Morris. 206 pp. 12mo. Richmond: Presbyterian Committee of Publica- -a supernatural Life for every believer, tion. 1919. Christ· Hhnself liYing iu victory in you: winning others to Himself through you Standing By: War-time reflections in 2nd making your service for Him a thrill- France and Flanders. Robert Keable. ing adventure of testimony and results. 12mo. 271 pp. $2.00 net. E. P. Dut- ton & Co., New York. With all this, the Sunday School Times also offers you fte most success- The Napoleon of the Pacific: Kame. ful methods of natural efficiency in hameha the Great. By Herbert H. Sunday-~chooI and church work; a corps of a dozen trained ~pecialists Gowen, F. R. G. S. 8vo. IlIus. 326 writing for you every week on the pp. $2.00 net. Fleming H. Revell International Improved Uniform Les- sons, and so many other remarkable Co., New York. 1919. features that it will take a whole series of advertisements to tell about them. Helps for Students of History: The Study of Colonial History. By A. P. Watch-but don't wait-for these Newton, M. A. Pamphlet. 46 pp. 20e. coming adverti,ements: there is no need of going another week without London: Society for Promoting all that this Bible-study-and-teaching- Christian Knowledge. 1919. and – Christian – service journal will bring into your life. You can get Ministers of Mercy. By James H. acquainted for a quarter with Franklin. Illus. 239 pp. 12mo. Cloth, 75c; paper, SOc. Missionary Education Movement. 1919.

The Spread of Christianity in the Mod. ern World. By Edward Caldwell Moore. 12mo. 352 pp. $2.00 net. University of Chicago Press. 1919.

The Adventurous Arab; Four Mission· ary Lessons for the Sunday School. 8 pp. 4d. net. Edinburgh: U. F. C.

Mission Study Council. 1919. .

The Jew Throughout the Ages; Tableaux Thousands of persons are saying, and Dialogue. By Amy Steedman. 16 pp. 6d. net. Edinburgh: U. F. C. with real joy, "Why didn't I learn ". c~.. Mission Study Council. 1919. about· this paper before?" Village Evangelization. No.3. Edited by H. D. Griswold, D. D. 44 pp. My- Will you give yourself- ",,< "," THE sore: Wesleyan Mission Press. 1918. and your friends- SUNDAY Palestine of the Jews. Past, Present this experience o'f>- and Future. By Norman Bentwich. as quickly sa ~'" -ll0 SCHOOL TIMES 288 pp. 6s. net. London: Paul Ke- possible? gan. '1918. o~.</ COMPANY The Consuming Fire. By Harris E. or; 1031 Walnut St., Phila. Kirk. 183 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Company, New York. .;,,<:>1(; For the 25 cents encIo~ o.~ Why We Fail as Christians. By Rob- please send the Snnday School ert Hunter. 180 pp. $1.60. The Mae- millan Company, New York. 1918. …..",,(I Times for 10 weeks to ••c,. N'etre O~ Addre~~s~_________________________ Please mention THJt MISS]ONAllY ~VIlCW OJ' i'Hlt WORLD in lPri.ting to advertisers A Campaign to Educate One Hundred Russian Converted Students at the Russian Bible and Educational Institute during the 1919-1920 School Year Come that they had decided to support one of the students during the next School Year. over Needless to say, this offer has given us and much JOY and encouragement, being the first towards the support of a student for next help W: ~ea~an~~dh:~di~inllij~h'sOfex~:ri;~t:~~. dal:~ us hope and pray that the unselfish and sacrificial spirit of these three Scotch sisters will be We desire to bring over from Franc~ from just a forerunner of a great cloud and mighty 30 to 50 Russian converted war pnsoners. showers of blessing. Through the reading of God's Word an.d the preaching of the Gospel to them by therr A few days after the visit of the Scotch fellow prisoners, who were believers bef~re. sisters, a Russian Chr.istian lady came to see many Russian war prisoners were saved dUrI!lg us in Philadelphia. Since her conversion all their imprisonment in Germany and AustrIa. her life has been one of sacrifice and service. A number of them have made their· way to As she heard of our plan to support the France and now there is a possibility of Russian students, she earnestly said: "May I bringing them over and placing them in our take one?" So thus far two of the hundred are already provided for-Ebenezer! And a SC~h~~e are also a number of Russians con- member of our Board of Directors. has alsO' signified his intention of provid.in~ for a verted in our M:ss:on Stations in the United States who should be trained for the .Lord's ~~~~~~:sh7~ ~~~niir!, dth~esn ~~el~o a~di~:s ~~~ an all to our Hfriendly interest" list.. waf:' costs $250 b? support a student for..the By the second week in September of whole year. includmg board, room and tuttton. the squares should be filled up. We earnestly Can we count on you for the support of one, ho-pe that we shall not be compelled to close two, three or four students? Perhaps some friend will take five, another ten. Last year the door of our School to anyone who loves. two dear Christian friends of our work. a the Lord and wants to be equipped for a husband and wife, took 20 students to sup- more useful ministry. port. A liberally inclined and mIssion-zealous Not only individuals, but Churches, Sunday prominent minister, to meet the pledge of the Schools and Young People~s Societies can also husband, took Ul)on' hi.mself the support of te.n more. Are there any this year who will go be interested in this plan. A noble example and do likewise? If your heart is stirred to of this was given last year by the Galilee do so kindly sign your' name and adrlress on Baptist Church, of Denver, Colo., which, under the opposite page of the "Missionary Review." Each square represents one student. The the able leadership of Rev. Joshua Gravett. pledges can be paId any time during the the Pastor, supported several students during Schoo! Year. last year.

The squares marked "taken" represent sup.. There will be a number of readers who will port already promised. The beginning has find it impossible to support one student. already been made. It happened in this way: They should not lose interest on that account.. as the gifts of la, 20, 50 or even 100 people th~~er~o~f: gh~i;tl~~ ~~:te~:ty Thfp.vP1!~1telr~: could be grouped together into the support of a student. There may be others who .can dear old Scotland. Wbile in Glasgow, con.. organize in groups of 2, 3, 5 and more, tonected· with Pastor Findlay's Miss.on, one take upon themselves the support of a evening they heard Pastor Feder speak on student. We should like e"l"ery one of the Russia. Ever since that time th.eir hearts readers of "The Missionary Review of the have been drawn out towards that needy land. WorldH to do someth~ng towards the training Reading in the May issue of "The Fdend of of missionaries for Russla during our next Russia9' the appeal to help the poor Russian year. people with warm garments or otherwise, two of the sisters walked into our office and All those who cannot subscribe the full handed us a donaf.on of $15. and expressed amount of $250 are requested to strike out their desire to send a trunk of clothing to that amount in the square on the sheet and the poor people in Russia. put down the amount that they are able and· inclined to give. As we sat down in the office and talked about the things of the Lord, one of the The pledges and payments for students' ~l:sten said that they had been present at the support should be sent to Mr. G. Percy Fox, Bethany Presbyterian Church at the close of the School Year. where they heard the Rus- Treasurer. Russian Bible Institute. 1820 Spring. sian students sing and play, and where an Garden Street, Philadelphia, Pa, appeal was made for friends to take upon themselves the support of some students during REMARKS BY THE DONOR. the next year. The ihree sisters thought and prayed about the matter, and now told us Please mention THE: MISSIONARY REVI~W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1919

ANNIVERSARY DEMO NS T RATION OF CONVERTS IN I NDTIA dem-

THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON. Ediwr.

CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-AN ANNIVF,RSARY DEMONSTRATION OF CONVERTS IN INDIA SIGNS OF THE TIMES . . .. . . . . . . .

Tm; OI,n YE:,AR AND THE NF,W THE UNION or> THE LUTHERANS THE RIlADJUSTMENTS IN TURKEY EDITORIALS . . . . . 7 AVOIDING DANGERS AHEAD RECRUITING SOI,DIERS FOR CHRISTIAN SERVICE RE['IEF FOR PALF.STINIl AND SYRIA A UNITED MISSIONARY DRIVJl SHALL WE ACCUMULATE OR DlSTRIBUTE. . . . By A. A. Hym; II Some practical thoughts and e:rperiences on tlie use of money.

AT THE THRESHOLD OF A NEW YEAR. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 A series of up-to-riate nvie'lf.'s of the past J'ear. and views of the prospect for the coming year, in different mission fields of the world. THE OUTLOOK IN JAPAN. . . . . . By REv. JAMES H. PETTEE 13 CHINA AT THE CROSS ROADS. . . . By REV. LouIs HoDOus, B. D. 16 THE OPENING oJ' TIBET TO CHRISTIANITY. Bv REV. RODERICK A. McLEOD 18 INDIA'S NATIONAL ANll CHRISTIAN PROGRESS.' By BISHOP F. W. WARNE 21 THE PERrr. OF PERSIA. . . . . . . . By REV. F. G. COAN, D. D. 23 AM!lRICA'S INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA By REV. E. B. HASKELL, D. D. 25 THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA By REV. JAMES DEXTER TAY['OR, D. D. 36 A YEAR OF LATIN AMERICAN MISSIONS . . By REV. S. G. INMAN 36 THE NEEDS OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS. • By FRI(D H. RrNDGE, JR., M. A. 41 A stud~ of the need for constructive Christian and social work alMng the industnal forces of America, together·with a statement of the plans of the Y. M. C. A. to meet the present need. Illustrated with photographs.

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A MAP OF THE CONTENTS , J: . 0 oUJt VIEW OF THE WOIU.D tao India's Na~onal and Christian Progress Z~"L"'NQ IN THIS NUMBER .

JLU)INCi ARTfQ.ES AND-EDITOIUALS AU lNOJCA.1'ED BY TlTLU mE NUMBER OF rtEW8 I1'EMJ ON EACH a>UNTRY II INDICATED In' AIABIC NUMERALS These two thousand boys and girls of th e Evangelical Lutheran Mission College at Guntumr, India,, in a living onstration of the growth of the M iss ion in the past seventy-ffive years (a phDottooggraph sen t by Rev. G. A. Rupley ).

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. JANUARY, 1919 NliMBEB XLII On ® ® SIGNS OF 'I'Hl8 TIMES 'ViriJ"""'~' ~ " ; "btiii' OW , 004J" "ihhi iriASC.

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r-A THE OLD YEAR AND THE NEW NNO J?on;tini, 1919, promises to ~a:k a new era in. t~e world, next III Importance to the begmmng of the ChristIan Era; the birth of the Protestant Reformation and the dawn of modern world missions. With the passing of the old year and the ,coming of the new it seems as though in a marked degree old things are passing away, all things are becoming new. The war has revolutionized many lives and many ideals; some are ruined beyond repair but others are remade on a nobler scale. Much has been destroyed that can never be replaced, but the way has been " cleared for the reconstruction of other and, in most cases, better things. It is worth while at the threshold of this new year to note some of the transformations that may result from the world upheaval, if men only have ,eyes to see and wills to respond to the leading of God.

The old narrow provincialism is gone. Men and women who "did not believe in Foreign Missions" have been obliged, in the light of overseas national service, to acknowledge that there is no just distincttion between 'home' and 'foreign.' " Men and women who never expected to serve outside their own land have gone to England, France, Italy, Russia, Greece, Turkey, Mesopotamia, Africa-wherever they were sent. It is a question not of convenience or propinquity but of need. The same influence has worked on Indians, Africans, Chinese, Japanese and Arabs. Those who had never been away from home have become world travelers with a world vision. What will they do with their new world consciousnesar The old divisions of nations, races and churches have been 1

forcibly amalgamated in the melting pot of the battlefield. Men of many nationalities have been brought under one command, industries have been united under one head and men of different faiths have worked for one end. The program for church unity has been forwarded. In America three great Lutheran bodies have united and other plans for union are under consideration. Interchurch conferences are being held which may result in great National Churches in China and India and in international organizations containing peoples of all colors and lands.

Formalism in religion has been vitalized in the face of death. Men have come to recognize the difference between human regulations and divine laws, between the dress parade of religion and the vital fights of faith. Churches must show life-divine lifeif they are to hold men who have come to realize the uselessness of the body without the spirit.

Ideals have been revolutionized. Not only has autocracy been condemned in the international court, and aristocracy been brought low by the universal draft and training camp, but men have been forced or inspired to change their conceptions of service and of giving. Those who lived lives of self-indulgence have become heroic in self-sacrifice and service to others. Men have given up fortunes to devote themselves to a cause. Many who spent all they could earn upon themselves and their families have learned the joys of stewardship of time and talents and money. It will be a disgrace to the Church if these new ideals are not turned to account in the Kingdom of God.

Men's programs have been remade. The million dollar gifts to Red Cross and other War funds have inaugurated a new era in benevolent enterprises. The narrow bounds of home and city and native land, and the limitations due to petty financeering, have given place to great conceptions of the world task which demand large vision and hitherto unheard of expenditures. Towns and cities have become so accustomed to exceeding their apportionment that churches now become impatient at being assigned tasks too small. Men seek for something large and inspiring. Already nost of the large denominations have adopted "N·ew Era Movements" to enlarge their activities and increase their expenditures many fold. Where men thought in districts they now think in continents, where they planned for today and tomorrow they now organize a campaign to cover two generations. Africa is studied liS a continent to be won for Christ. The evangelization of the whole of Latin America is undertaken with new zeal, and campaigns in India, China and the Moslem world are planned out by united conferences of Christian leaders.

New problems are presented for after-the-war solution. In the homeland the migrating Negro presents new difficulties; the

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

foreigner in America must be educated in Christian ideals or he will be a menace; the industrial workers must be regenerated, the liquor traffic must be outlawed and social purity must be safeguarded. Then there are the moral problems of profanity, and vulgarity, of Sabbath observance and unwholesome amusementsall of which must be seriously attacked. There are also the problems of reconstruction in France and Belgium, in Russia and Germany, in Serbia and Armenia. There is the whole problem of evangelizing the Moslem World, and of vitalizing the Roman, Greek and Oriental churches, as well as the problems peculiar to the pagan and ethnic religions.

New open doors are characteristic of the new day. The Hermit nation, Tibet, has been opened-at least the door is ajar. Russia will probably offer almost unlimited opportunity as soon as order is in a measure restored. Moslem lands, that only tolerated Christians from necessity, promise a rich harvest field; Arabia is open; Abyssinia is awakening; and the Jews, who have been persecuted and embittered, are now looking forward to a new national history. All of this is in line with the fulfillment of divine prophecy. The great question is-is the Church of Christ regenerated sufficiently to undertake these new tasks in the light of new conditions? Are the new leaders available and Christians ready to cooperate? The task can be accomplished, not by human skill and wisdom, but only by the power of the Spirit of God.

THE UNION OF THE LUTHERANS O NE of the outstanding events of the past year is the merger by which three bodies of Lutherans in the United States with a million communicants combined in one organized "United Lutheran Church in America." The bodies which merged into one on November 14th last are the General Synod, with 1,800 churches and 370,000 members; the United Synod South, with 492 churches and 57,000 members and the General Council, with about 389 churches and 535,000 members. They have joined their home and foreign mission organizations, their colleges, seminaries, publica- :f~on'houses, papers land benevolent institntions. The property value of the "United Church" is estimated at over $53,000,000. An- nual expenditures for benevolences, including missions, is about $1,500,000; and for running expenses at home, about $7,000,000. It is expected that the consolidation will effect considerable saving in cost of operation, and will release a number of workers to engage in other activities. .

The foreign missionary activities of the three organizations in- clude India, Japan, Western Africa, British Guiana and Porto Rico.

The expenditures last year amounted to $250,000, which supports

130 missionaries with 1,780 native workers, and reports 89,000 communicants on the mission fields abroad.

The home mission work of these Lutheran churches is conducted under the name of "The Inner Mission," which includes evangelism, city missions and various forms of church extension work. The hOlne mission operations have not been organized in the same way as those of other Protestant churches in North Amer- lCa.

There are fifteen other Lutheran bodies in the United States that are not included in this merger, and it is estimated that there are in North America no less that 8,000,000 baptized members of the Lutheran Church of whom only 5,000,000 are affiliated with the church organizations in this country. During the war, a fund of $1,300,000 was collected and administered for the benefit of men in uniform, of whom there were over 200,000 American Lutherans in the service.

If this United Church can be aroused to the full limit of her possibilities, the gifts to missionary work may be increased many fold, and will enable the Church to enter some of the great, unoccupied fields of the world. The Lutherans in America have not thus far accepted their full responsibilities in this world-wide work. There are fields waiting for their messengers of the Gospel. Central Asia, the interior of South America and the Sudan are inviting fields to enlist the interest and the talents of this powerful organization. It may also be possible and wise to turn over to the American Lutherans many of the missionary fields in the former German colonies, and in the territories under the control of the Allied nations.

THE READJUSTMENTS IN TURKEY A GREAT change is taking place in the political geography of Turkey as a result of the War. Arabia is already completely separated from the Turk; and that means that the latter has lost his guardianship of the Moslem shrines of Mecca and Medina. This alone makes a tremendous difference in Turkish influence. Furthermore, all but one of the other important Moslem centers are lost- Baghdad, _Jerusalem, Damascus, Aleppo, are gone. Constantinople alone remains at present; and it looks very much as if the Peace Conference will not leave that great city under Moslem domination. In other words, the political power of the Turk-which for the past century has been the greatest obstacle to the progress of Christ's Kingdom in that region-is gone, and gone forever.

It is not possible to overestimate the importance of this fact in its bearing on the missionary outlook. Access to the Moslem populations of the country is now assured without governmental terrorism.

And the scornful spirit of superiority, that has kept the Turk from willingness to listen to any other religion, is sadly broken. God can make a broken spirit contrite, and then real spiritual results may follow. The prospect for Christian work among the Turks is the most wonderful outcome of this titanic struggle in the Near East. And its possible reverberations in the distant parts of the Moslem world are thrilling to contemplate. When Christ gets a real hold on the people, who for centuries have been looked upon by their fellow-Moslems as their political representatives and defenders, other Moslem races are certain to hear of it and wonder.

In other respects the present outlook is upon a waste and desolation. The ravages, not so much of war as of the most iniquitous regime that ever deliberately ruined its own country, have spread· death and destruction, pillage and arson, plague and business stagnation, distrust and disorder all over the country. Communities have been uprooted and scattered to the winds; whole regions have been left without inhabitant, family life and personal honor has been utterly disregarded. For four years fields have been left untilled, crops unharvested, shops locked up or pi1laged, churches and schools closed and their constituencies deported or slain. All classes of the people have suffered, and are now so dazed as hardly to know where to turn or how to begin life over again. From many sections of the land no details have yet reached us; but what we hear indicates conditions pitiful and almost hopeless.

But there are bright spots. Through all the dark night, some seventy of one hundred American workers have been able to keep at their posts, witnesses for Christ, not counting their lives dear, but willingly giving their utmost energies to keep the people from blank despair and death. Here is a solid foundation on which to bf'gin a new effort; for these heroes and heroines haV'e earned the gratitude and devotion of multitudes. Another great asset for the future is the martyr testimony of thousands to the keeping power of God, even in death. Their silenced voices still speak, and even their murderers will hear the appeal. Not Armenians alone, but Syrians, Greeks, Nestorians and other followers of the Master have planted the seed in the bloody ground, and God will grant the harvest.

These Christian races are not all gone. Accurate figures are still impossible; but probably of the 700,000 Greeks deported since 1915, at least half are still alive, while two millions more have never been deported. Of the conditions in Mount Lebanon we yet know very little; but it is likely that nearly a million Syrians have survived and are the nucleus of a new nation. As to the Armenians, there were before the war about 1,750,000 in the Ottoman Empire. Over a million of these have probably died; but it seems likely that about 700,000 have survived and may now be gathered into the beginning of an autonomous province. Of these, over 300,000 fled into Russia;

'T"""!"r"

100,000 have remained in Constantinople; 50,000 more in the Smyrna'

region; while the others are scattered all over Asia Minor, Mesopo- tamia, Syria, and into Persia and Egypt.

With these remnants to build on, we can rest assured that the native Christian churches will revive, and that there will be many who have been tried as by fire and so purified as to be fit for the Master's use. One encouraging fact is the natural resiliencey of these races. They have been through terrible experiences before, and though they have lost thousands and hundreds of thousands of their numbers, they have again risen to self-support and business success. Give them half a chance now, and they will again rise.

Provided conditions approaching the normal are now given them, ,the bulk of these unfortunates should within ten months or one year be self-supprting. Their indebtedness to the Protestant mis- sionaries and to Christian America will make them unusually re- ceptive to the missionary influence and teaching.

One of the most interesting items in the outlook are the 400,000 or more orphan children, left for us to care for and educate. What a responsibility! A missionary unusually well-informed and gener- ally accurate in his estimates believes that the 400,000 will include only those who have lost both parents, 'and that there are very many more whose fathers are dead, and in most cases the mothers are not able to support them. It will be a big and blessed task to provide orphanages and training schools for these little ones, where they may be quickly trained to self-support and to noble living, and from which we may expect to secure a goodly number of Christian leaders for the future, in church and school and business life and home.

Reconstruction is the great work of the immediate future. Al- ready one expedition has entered Syria and Palestine and begun.

Early in January a much larger party expects to sail for Constanti- nople, thence to scatter all over the desolate regions of Asia Minor, and bring new life and hope to all races, irrespective of language or religion. Industry must be re-established, family life begun anew, ~a:nitation on a large scale pushed, schools started, religious privi- leges furnished, and in every way the spirit of Christ shown to all in its most practical forms.

The year 1919 marks the centenary of the beginnings of mis- sionary work in Turkey. Pliny Fisk and Levi Parsons sailed for Turkey in 1819. The second century of work there thus begins under most marvelous auspices; and missionaries, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. workers, educators, physicians and philanthropic leaders all look for wonderful results under the blessing of the Spirit of God.

OHARLES T. RIGGS.

@JEDITORlIAlL?77Oz OMMlBN'f:&

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AVOIDING DANGERS AHEAD WHILE the passing of the old order and the coming of the new has many signs of promise, there is danger lest many good things of the past be given up and that others less substantial be substituted. Good foundations must not be despised because of new architectural ideas, and no amount of mechanical power and ingenuity can take the place of life. There are some old things for which there can never be a satisfactory substituteamong them are: Faith in God. Is there not dan.ger lest the modern human achievements in science and the modern ideals of democracy shall cause men to become self-confident and to lose sight of God 7 The Gospel of Christ. The" good news" is not too old to be true and yet many are today preaching "another gospel" of salvation by social uplift, by modern education and by material improvement.

Adherence to truth. Nothing can take the place of steadfastness -of fidelity in character. With the progress toward unity and the desire for cooperation there is danger lest standards be lowered and Christians compromise with those who deny Jesus Christ as the only Lord and Saviour. Will the gain ever compensate for the loss if Christians fail to stand firmly for the deity of Christ and the necessity for His atonement 1 Christian Heroism. The glory of the Church has been her martyrs and her heroic missionaries who counted not their lives dear unto themselves. Many of the heroes are still living, but with the enlargement of the Christian program, the expenditure of large sums of money and the introduction of many secular branches of activity, there is great danger lest Christian workers become professional, serving at the call of men rather than at the call of God. It is a danger that besets many churches, missions and the Young Men's and Young 'iNomen's Christian Associations, where the work j uo often becomes institutionalized.

Life From God. The "New Birth" is unfortunately not a popular doctrine today, ·but the words of Jesus. Christ to Nicodemus have never been abrogated. There is danger lest reformation take the place of regeneration, lest the enlightenment of the mind be thought to make unnecessary the new life through the Spirit.

Unity of Spirit. Another danger is that in the endeavor to promote cooperation and outward union, the true unity, which is only possible through Christ, shall be overlooked. In Christ, Germans and British, Southerners and Negroes, Japanese and Chinese, 7

,rich and poor, educated and unlettered, aristocrat and proletariat ,may be one. The fatal mistake of capitalists and, laborers, of {lutocrats and democrats, of Bolshevists and bourgeoise, is that they do not recognize the only true basis of agreement and of brotherhood.

Eternal things. The final danger that besets the world today is that in the development of material things we lose sight of the spiritual; in the development of the temporal we overlook the eternal and in the acceptance of responsibility for the earthly, we do not provide for the heavenly. Spiritual life, spiritual death, spiritual enemies, spiritual wealth, spiritual forces are vastly more important than the physical; and the former abide while the latter pass away.

RECRUITING SOLDIERS FOR CHRISTIAN SERVICE M EN and women who have been in unselfish service overseas or who have had a large and heroic part in the great war . have had their ideas and ideals revolutionized. They will not soon be willing to return to devote all their energies to 'petty tasks and unnecessary routine in the office, the shop, the classrobm and the local church. These men and women are returning rapidly to civil life. The question is: how will their energies be directed; how will their larger ideals find expressionT This problem has been foreseen and preparations have been made to meet it by the War-time Commission of the Churches which has appointed a committee on "Recruiting and Training for the Work of the Ohurches at Home and Abroad." Rev. Frank W. Padelford, executive secretary of this committee, writes that plans have been made to present to the men returning from the trenches and from various phases of war work the claims of Christian service. Surely there could be no more stirring appeal to heroism and selfsacrifice than that presented by missionary work in hard fields. There is here the "moral equivalent of war," and a great world campaign that is inspiring enough to appeal to the most noble and energetic spirit. There is also in this field unlimited opportunity for leadership and for pioneer work.

The men are to be approached through the chaplains, the religious work directors of the Y. M. C. A., the pastors of the different churches near the camps, and others who are in intimate touch with the men. It is also our intention to send into the camps some of the leading ministers, home and foreign missionaries, and others, to present the claims of Christian service. Literature and posters are being prepared, and will be distributed generously.

It is believed by those who are most intimately acquainted with the situations in the camps that many men can be found who will respond to this appeal. It has already been tried out among ~

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the English troops and in some of our southern camps. A sur- prising response has been secured.

The Church now has an opportunity to secure the men who are so sorely needed to recoup its depleted ministry at home and abroad.

Large numbers are needed both in America and in the non-Chris- tian world. The committees are, however, not so much anxious about quantity as about quality. They hope to enroll the best and ablest men who can be found. Only the best men can adequately meet the new situation. .

The churches and pastors must be on the lookout for the men as they return quietly to their homes. Very much depends upon the home churches and the way they receive the men. Their re- turn can be made simply a social jollification, or it can be made a great religious welcome. The committees of the War-Time Com- mission and of the Young Men's Christian Association therefore appeal to the pastors of our American churches to take advantage of the hour and seek to direct the thought of their young men to the call of the Kingdom. Many are only waiting for the right leader- ship to direct that solemn dedication, which they made of their lives to the cause of Liberty, to a new dedication to the service of Jesus Christ. ,.

RELIEF FOR PALESTINE AND SYRIA A FITTING token of Christian gratitude for the deliverance of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the hand of the Turk is the movement to raise in America the sum of thirty million dollars for the relief of the Armenians and Syrians who have suffered such agonies in the past four years. It is a year of new deliverance that has brought joy like that proclaimed at the birth of our Lord in Bethlehem of Judea nineteen centuries ago. Americans can make no nobler thank-offering for the ending of the war and all its waste and sacrifice than to save the remnants of these ancient Christian peoples of Armenia and Syria, and re-establish them in a ro-constructed land.

Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, who has been actively engaged in war relief work in Palestine, gives graphic pictures in his reports of the distress that has been relieved as General Allenby and the British forces advanced. Justice has been established in place of terrorism. Hundreds of tons of rice and other food was distributed to the people who had been pillaged. Garments have been made by the refugees to clothe the naked ones who had been robbed by the Turkish and German soldiers. Over 60,000 people were fed in Jerusalem last winter and ten thousand in Bethlehem. The Turks had used the largest buildings in Jerusalem as barracks and hospitals, and they *Literature relating to this matter may be secured by addressing Rev. Frank W. Padelford, Room 662, Fifth Avenue Building, New York.

were indescribably filthy. These had to be cleaned and made habitable for orphanages and hospitals. Industries have been organized which have saved the people without pauperizing them. These industries include garment making, weaving, shoe factories and repair shops. The people were found so famished that they searched the dirt and offal of the street in quest of grains of barley. What they found was greedily devoured "lithout cleansing. The condition of young girls was pitiable and the helpless little children would appeal to the hardest heart.

The money received from America has been most economically and effectively expended, and has been the means of winning the hearts of the sufferers as well as of saving their lives. The future of Palestine, Syria and Armenia will be largely determined by what is done there in the next twelve months. There are now in Jerusalem alone seven hundred orphan children and two hundred and forty in Jaffa. These form a precious educational trust, says Mr. Trowbridge. Great Britian has freed Palestine. It remains for America to relieve the refugees, to carry on industrial reconstruction and education.

A UNITED MISSIONARY DRIVE At a meeting of representatives of the Home and Foreign Mis- 8ionary Organizations of the United States, held in New York City 011 December 17th, a plan was set forth to conduct a united campaign to finance all allied Protestant home and foreign mission enterprises in one united drive. The comparative ease with which over $200,000,000 was raised in ten days for war-work, and the immensely greater need of world-wide evangelism and Christian Education has produced the convictions that a united appeal on a larger scale will bring a more adequate response.

It is proposed that, after at least a year of the study of the needs of the different fields in America and over seas, these definite needs of all the Protestant missionary agencies shall be collated and estimates made of the funds required. The united drive may mean the gathering of money and pledges amounting to between $100,000,000 and $300,000,000 for one year. Such a program would necessarily be preceeded by such a survey of occupied and unoccupied fields that the neglected areas may be cared for and overlapping may be corrected. The results of a united military campaign in Europe and Asia have brought out the reasonableness of a united missionary campaign to win the world to Jesus Christ. There are dangers in such a huge undertaking, but the very largeness and idealism of the plan has appealing power.

As a result of the conference a representative committee of fifteen was appointed, with Dr. S. Earle Taylor as chairman, to formulate a definite plan to be presented for consideration at the January meetings of the Foreign Missions Conference and the Home Missions Council.

We Accumulate or

BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS President of the Mentholatum Company O N various occasions, after talking quite radically from such texts as "Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth," etc., or Christ's great fundamental assertion-"Ye cannot serve God and Mammon," and advocating from experience literal obedience to these teachings, we have had many hearers say- "Those sentiments are miue. I believe in them thoroughly. "W1len questioned, however, as to their individualintentions and actions, an evasive reply will be given or a denial of applicability in their particular case. It is most always the other fellow with us to whom such commands seem to apply. Sherwood Eddy told us of talking with a millionaire once over his financial responsibilities to the Kingdom of God until the man was really in agony. Finally this Dives turned to his son and said-" John, commence giving away money. I have reached the point where I can't."

We sincerely believe that it is not vision which people want, but consecration; not light, but love; not knowledge, but power. If this is so, doubtless Christ's command to His disciples to tarry until they be endued with power from on High, is still applicable to the Church, but how this command can be made modern and practieal is another question and much harder to answer.

.Christ taught quite as much by example as by word, and today most of us are more thoroughly convinced by illustration than by argument. In the minds of thinking men, the Christian Church stands p'erhaps in the most responsible position today which it has ever occupied. Religion is arraigned at the bar in every nation, and being most severely questioned and judged. . As sincere believers in Christ and His teachings, it is the opportunity of the ages to impress Christ's life now upon the overturning nations, but rrien are certainly looking for deeds and life; not creeds and dogma. Lines of race, color and class are getting very dim, as is so finely expressed in Robert Freeman's verses, "That They All May Be One" which we quote herewith from" Association Men"- "I used to think him heathen, Just because-well, don't you see, He didn't speak 'God's English,' And he didn't look like me; He had a burnt complexion Which is heathen, goodness knows; He ate a heathen's rations, And he Wl)f1e a heathen's clothes.

11

But there's a s'prising skinful In that bloke from far away; He fights like any Christian, And I've caught the beggar pray; He's kind to little kiddies, And there's written in his eyes The willingness to render All a Christian's sacrifice.

Yes, you'd knO'W him fur a heathen If you judged him by the hide; But, bless you, he's my brother, For he's just like me inside."

In this war we have sacrificed everything in the way of blood and material treasure because we believe that certain principles of democracy should prevail in the temporal governments of this world. The Ohristian Ohurch is supposed to believe that as far as eternity exceeds time, so far existence in the Kingdom of Heaven exceeds temporal life. So believing, such a question as our subject seems almost axiomatic, and its wrong answer entails eternal condemnation. Shall we accumulate the wealth of the world and lose the souls of the world, as well as our own ~ Surely no one who has a right vision of the life, death and teachings of Ohrist can answer in favor of accumulation. Noone who has studied the unmeasurable relief from human suffering, which men and money have accomplished in this war, can justify themselves hereafter in f&iling to distribute. In addition, no one who has experienced the depth and lasting joy of gi"ving beyond the shallow temporal joy of receiving, will here,after hoard wealth to shrivel his own soul and handicap his children. Perhaps these last three assertions point the way to the solution of the other and greater question of how to get the consecration, the love, the strength necessary that we may lay our liv~s and means on God's altar, as we are doing on the altar of our country. Practically, what has made us willing to give our sons and daughters and two-thirds or more of our income for country and principle? Does not Paul give the answer-"BuT NOW ABIDETH FAITH, HOPE, LOVE,-THESE THREE, AND THE GREATEST OF THESE IS LOVE."

How Much Owest Thou?

How much owest thou, 0 Christian, of thy time, to the Lord? How much owest thou of' thy Strength? How much owest thou of thy opportunities? How much owest thou of thy intellect? How much owest thou of thy place in the world? How much owest thou of thy income, to the Lord?

What shall we render unto the Lord for all His benefits? Shall we not say; Lord, take me, use all I have, for Thy good purposes.

A TYPE OF THINGS THAT ARE PASSING AWAY IN

Some Japanese idols to which bereaved mothers pray The Outlook In Japan-1918 and 1919 BY THE REV. JAMES H. PETTEE, D. D., TOKYO, JAPAN Missionary of the American Board of Commi ssioners for Foreign Missions J APAN finished herr main fighting early in the war when she captured Tsingtau from the Germans, cleared the Eastern seas of enemy war vessels, and came to a good und erstanding. with Russia. The war, however, continued in the background of all herr thought and activity, and she mobilized her industries in place of her armies to aid the Allies. :]11fo:orre recently the army under General Otani, a leader selected with great car e, has penetrated Siberia in conjunction with the soldiers of America, France and Great Britain.

The year 1918 witnessed a ttrraannl~'lforrmmaattiion that reveals once more the real Bushido spirit of ,Japan and that opens up an opportunity for the nation to swing into line with her allies in the higher things of life.

It is also significant that a bureaucr atic and reactionary cabinet has given place to one led by a commoner, plain :]11f:rr. Hara, who himself is a man of progressive spirit and, moreover, is the head of a powerful political party that is pledged to .secure constitutional reforms and to keep step with the great democratic movements of the age.

13

Japanese as well as foreigners resident in the country inter- ested themselves in all war enterprises. Money flowed freely for any charity or loan connected with the great contest, imitation tanks rolled through the streets of Tokyo, Yokohama and Kobe, war songs were heard on all occasions, war films or dramas were in demand, Union church, Tokyo, released its popular pastor, Dr. Doremus Scudder, for Red Cross service, various missions sent one or more of their members to Siberia under the Y. M. C. A. to care for the refugees and there has been a constant succession of commissions between the far east and the fighting fronts.

The United States Ambassador Moms well said in his address last April on the occasion of the departure of the Japanese deputa- tion to the armies in ]~urope, "I cannot help feeling that the Japan- ese Y. M. C. A. deputation to the European front is almost as signifi- cant as the first mission sent to the West by the Tokugawa govern- ment over fifty years ago. By that mission Japan 'signified her in- tention to end her isolation and join thel Western peoples in their forward march. Today I believe this deputation means that you are resolved to take your place alongside the men of the Volest in stand- ing for brotherhood and fair play, international law and righteous- ness." , Aside from European battlefields, America has once- more be- come. the great Mecca of Japanese pilgrims, official or citizen, scho- lastic or commercial, a:nxious to learn how best to meet and solve the problems of readaptation and regeneration "When the terrors and tumults of war shall cease And life be re-fashioned on the anvils of peace."

Among these inter-racial commissioners of peace and good will to and from Japan last year, special mention may be made of 83 year-old William Hardy who was a sailor lad in Commodore P·erry's expedition back in 1854. He, a common sailor, was given the privi- lege of shaking hands with the members of the Royal Family, in- cluding H. 1. M. the Emperor, and he spoke with Methodistic fervor in the schools and offices, temples and churches to thousands of inter- ested listeners his timely message of temperance and clean living, and wrote in hundreds of albums his autograph, together with the all-comprehensive words, "God is Love." It was missionary work on a large scale.

RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES IN JAPAN Let it not be thought that normal Christian work has been entirely side-tracked by the war. One week before the close of 1917 there was issued from the press the Japanese Revised New Testament, which has had wide distribution during the year. It was the joint work of two British and two American missionaries, asso9iated

THE OUTLOOK IN JAPAN

with four Japanese co-laborers, and marks a great advance over the earlier translation, especially in point of being understood.

Another great achievement of the year was the formal opening, on April 30, of the Tokyo Woman's Christian College, with Dr. Nitobe as president and Miss Yasui as dean. This is a union enterprise of six Protestant Mission Boards in which the eighty-four entering students came from seventeen mission schools. One of the eighty-four admitted was a blind girL Mrs. (Mitsui) Hirooka has recently announced her decision to give Yen 200,000 to found in Osaka an undenominational school for Christian workers with especial reference to preparing them for social service. Prof. Hino, ex-dean of Doshisha Theological Seminary, Kyoto, and Rev. T. Makino of the same city, who is vice-president of the Japan C. E. Union and has been touring America since last spring, are to be head of the institution.

Rev. Paul M. Kanamori, Japan's leading evangelist, has continued through the year his marvellous work of preaching in city after city his one great sermon on the fundamentals of Christianity. It is a two-hours' discourse and never fails to register hundreds of decisions for Christ and His service.

A marked tendency of the year's Christian movement has been to bring the foreign and .Japanese workers into closer co-operation. This was greatly aided by the deputation of the American Board that spent three months in Japan and Chosen, and by the Baptists who have also taken an advance step in this matter.

JAPAN IN A FERMENT All Japan is in a ferment, religious and social as well as political and economic. New cults, like the Tai-rei-do (Great Spirit Way) for self-discipline, and programs for social service like Baron Shibusawa's are ardently advocated. But when it comes to reliable leadership and real reforming power, it is the Jesus way and Christians of experience that are needed and called for.

Dr. and Mrs. George P. Pierson, who have been touring from Hokkaido to Kyushu, testify that the country is wide open to an earnest presentation of Gospel truths and claims. Such institutions as the Crittenden Rescue Home for Women; Mr. Hara's and Mr. Mura.matsu's Homes for Ex-convicts in Tokyo and Kobe; Okayama and other Christian Orphanages are taxed to their capacity; mission schools are full and the churches are aroused. The outlook for 1919 is one of tremendous responsibility and cheering hopefulness.

at the Cross

A Review of the Year 1918 and the Outlook for 1919.

BY THE REV. LEWIS HODOUS, B. D.

T HE outstanding feature in China last year was the Civil War between the North and the South. At Canton a government headed by the disbanded Parliament was functioning, while at Peking the President and his Cabinet, and later. the newly elected Parliament, were directing affairs. The contending armies were marching and counter-marching in Hunan, Fukien and Szechwan, while the people were being pillaged by the soldiers. Large sections of China were overrun by armed bandits. In Shantung, adjacent to the territory taken over by Japan from Germany, it is estimated that 30,000 organized and armed robbers were terrorizing the people. This civil strife was carried on nominally between the conservative republicans of the North and the radical republicans of the South. Really it was a war between the military governors of the North and those of the South, who hoped to increase their power and wealth, and pave the way for the presidency or some other high position.

In order to carryon this strife the Chinese government has mortgaged valuable resources. The crop of loans has only been exceeded by the crops of poppy and of bandits. On account of the disturbed state of the country, opium planting has been revived in certain provinces and the opium traffic which ceased in March, 1917, has been re-established in the form of a monopoly controlled by the government. The strong protests by the United States, the Christian churches and the merchants have led to the postponement of these plans and may lead to their abandonment.

A hopeful sign of coming peace was the election of Hsil. Shih Chang to the Presidency, by a large majority of Parliament. He has the confidence of all parties, and according to his policy as outlined, China is to be governed by constitutional law, vital measures are to be taken to reliev;e the present financial stress, the frontier defences are to be improved. Comme.rce and industry are to be promoted especially by controlling the bandits. Internal administration is to be improved. The relation between the central government and the provinces is to be made clear. President Hsil. is very desirous for peace between the North and South. It is hoped that the legal situation arising from his election by a non-representative Parliament may be solved 'in a way satisfactory to Canton and Peking.

16 In spite of political unrest, the people of China have made new roads, have introduced b8etter systems of lighting their cities, and have carried on internal commerce. The foreign trade has increased in spite of unfavorable conditions. The trade with the United States was 150% greater in 1917 than in 1915.

In religious work the outlook has been encouraging. The nation-wide week of evangelism was observed for the second time. In spite of the disturbed state of the country, the week was observed this year more widely than before. It comes in the first month of the Chinese New Ye~r during which the church members take advantage of the. leisure time to do personal work among their friends. The Religious Tract Society of North and Central China issued 255,000 special AT A CHIINNEeSs!> STUD!>NT CONF!>RI!>NCP; tracts to be used during this week. The Spring Evangelistic Campaign conducted by Dr. Sherwood Eddy and Mr. Frank Buchman in twelve large cities was very successful in enlisting the Chinese Christians in personal work and in persuading prepared men to make a final decision to join the Christian Church. In Canton four hundred Chinese Christian workers brought in eight hundred prepared non-Christian friends.

The China Continuation Committee is undertaking a survey of mission work in China which will not merely record the static condition, but will enable the missions to apply the men and money so as to obtain the largest results.

The visit of Dr. Zwemer has stimulated the interest in the work among Moslems. A committee to study this work, appointed by the China Continuation Committee, has started the production of Christian literature for the Moslems.

The China Christian Educational Association has now associated with it nine associations which cover the' whole of China, and are studying the problems of education.

The cause of church union is receiving increased attention in China. A meeting of Presbyterians, the London Mission and the American Board representatives was held at Nanking for the pur-

pose of forming a Federal Council of Christian Churches in China. The objeCt of this Federation will be such comparison of views and adjustments of practices as shall prepare the way for ultimate organic union.

The war has depleted the missionary force. One mission has sent over one half of its men into war service. The war has also ·(reduced the number of men recruits, especially physi,cians and teachers. Plans for new institutions and the enlargement of old ones have been held up. The increased cost of living, accompanied by the rise of the price of silver, has brought about retrenchment and some hardship.

It is expected that China will now take her place in the sisterhood of natione with territorial integrity guaranteed by the Allies. The republican government must be assisted to put down militarism both external and internal so as to give China peace from civil strife. This will enable China to put her house in order and turn her attention to educating her children, developing her resources and carrying out much needed reforms. The Christian workers will be confronted with an opportunity unequalled in the history of missions. The Christian Church must provide the spiritual basis for the republic. The churches forming training schools for the r·epublic will teach the Chinese brotherly love, social service, civic pride, true patriotism and Christian internationalism all motived by the love of God planted in the hearts of men. In fact, without the cooperation of these groups forming the essential church the· republic cannot be established.

The Opening of Tibe(to:Christianity BY REV. RODERICK A. McLEOD Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society.

I N Tibet there is offered to the Christian Church an opportun- . ity, the like of which has never been presented to it in the past, and which may never come again. The great closed land of Tibet is now open for missionary work. Most of the hindrances heretofore existing have been removed, and in their stead there are assurances of a hearty welcome and even of assistance.

Dr. A. L. Shelton, a missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, on the Chinese Border of Tibet, recently visited Gartok and Charhbdo. At Gartok, five days south-west of Batang, he fonnd several thousands of troops from various districts of Tibe,t, even from Leh and Ladakh. They were armed with Enfield rifles, and were well disciplined. The commander, a very interesting man, discussed religious questions freely and quite

THE OPENING OF TIBET TO CHRISTIANITY

reasonably with Dr. Shelton and said that while the former attitude of Tibetans toward for- eigners was hostile, the "YYoouunngghhusband Expedition"

had taught the Tibetans to' re- gard the foreigners with favor.

In discussing the question of mission work in Lhasa, the com- mander was very favorably im- pressed, and forwarded to the Dalai Lama a letter in which Dr. Shelton requested permis- sion to open work in Lhasa.

During the fighting on the Tibetan border last summer Dr.

Shelton went to Chambdo at the request of Mr. E. Teichman, the British Consul from Ta cheinlu and the Galon Lama. This Galoan Lama is a personage of great authority, only the t.wvo A LLAMA PRIEST OF TIBET kings of Tibet and .tthhe Dalai Lama having authority over him. The doctor found unspeakable conditions among the wounded soldiers who had been lying for two months without medical aid.

One man had all his lower jaw shot away and all the wounds were stinking. Dr. Shelton operated for four days, working each day as long as he could stand.

The Galon Lama ordered that all the needs of the doctor should receive prompt attention. Speaking of foreigners, the Lama said that the Tibetans had been forced to keep out foreigners because of a treaty with the Chinese; but that now the treaty is no longer in force. The doctor has a great reputation in that country and was promised help if he would come to Chambdo and build a hospital. At parting, the Lama presented the doctor with three hundred rupees and two valuable vessels ornamented with beaten gold and silver, expressing the hope that they would be friends for life. All this, coming from one of such high authority, cannot be too strongly emphasized.

Dr. Shelton noticed many changes amongst the masses of the Tibetans. Most of them wore foreign hats and many had foreign shoes. One had a camera and could use it well. The presence of foreign cloth, foreign sugar, foreign tobacco, foreign shoes, the craze for foreign goods, and the development of manufacturing (the Tibetans manufacture ammunition for Hotchkiss field pieces) are signs of Tibet's new life.

Three main reasons for the changed attitude of Tibetans are (1) the weakening of Chinese influences, (2) "The Younghusband Expedition," and (3) the visits of Tibetans to foreign countries.

Since the year 1720 China has controlled Tibet's foreign policy which followed China's former hostile attitude toward foreigners. Tibet was commanded to have intercourse with China alone, and the minds of the Tibetans were filled with an exaggerated account of the early Chinese notion of missionary work. But the Chinese injustice, treachery and cruelty toward the Tibetans has caused them to throw off the Chinese yoke and rise in defense of their rights. Thus Tibet is now practically an independent nation.

"The Younghusband Expedition" broke the spell of igno- rance which the Chinese had c~st around the Tibetans. It was a great revelation to them to find that a foreign army could march into their capital, do no looting, show acts of kindness, and retire peaceably even to the last man. The treatment of Tibetan captives at the hands of the British went to the Tibetans' hearts, for they had never seen anything like it.

Then the Tibetans began to travel abroad. At Chainbdo, Dr. Shelton met a Tibetan colonel. who had visited all the important countries of Europe, Asia and Africa, and was only sorry that he could not afford to visit America. One officer spoke English. Another had a son in London. The observations of these travelers are reported at home and make tremendous impressions. Foreign ideas are being readily adopted, including foreign military tactics, dress, and treatment of prisoners.

This situation must appeal with irresistible force to every Christian. We have been waiting at the closed door of Tibet for the past fifteen years. Now that door is open. We must. enter or perish, like the Israelites in the Wilderness. The Christian is a saviour. Saving others is the function of the Christian life. Tore- sist the appeal of this open door is to quench the spitit of Christ, and to invite spiritual death.

The appeal of the situation reaches further than America; it reaches heaven. There it becomes imperative. From that seat of highest authority, a command is issued: "Save the Tibetans." To every disciple of Christ, this command is uttered in a voice which speaks in tones more imperative than the thunders of Sinaiin tones of love.

The situation demands immediate action. God will accomplish His purpose in Tibet even if some of His disciples are disobedient, ·but it will be to our discredit and condemnation. An evangelist and a doctor should open a station at Chambdo at once. A day school, Bible school, and dispensary should be instituted immediately. The prayers of the Church for open doors are answered. Now is the time to go up and possess the land for Christ.

IN INDIA IN CHARACTER AND SELF

Chair caning at an Industrial Mission India's"-Nationarand Christian Progress BY BISHOP FRANK W. WARNE, D. D., INDIA Missionary Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE millions 'of India's poor are suffering more than those of most other nations in the present increase in the cost of liv- ing. Their sufferings are further intensified by a scourge of plague and a failunre of rain in northern India, which has added famine conditions.

As an outcome of her share in the war, India will more quickly attain to her new national aspirations calling for "responsible see1l£fgovernment." India's most extreme agitators have not asked for separation from the British Empire, but only to be part of the Empire like Canada and Australia. The British Government is putting forth an honest attempt to grant India a regime of constitutional government which will open the way for the full statnure of he.r self-government within the Empire. Great Britain with her genius for education and colonial goverinumnent will surely save India from Russia's sorrows and will guide her safely to national great- :nneesss; and as an outcome, thrree hundred millions of our cousins of ".AArryyan broowwnn""w.wiilll take their place .as one of the great countries composing the British Empire.

The war has given India a clearer conception of the true Christian spirit. When the struggle first began between so-called Christian nations, India's non-Christians felt that Christianity had 21

failed, but later when America offered her sacrificial service for the liberiy of oppressed peoples, asking neither indemnity nor territory, India recognized that such a spirit could emanate only from Christ. India further saw that Christ's teaching concerning love and justice must come to have world wide application-the "Government shall be upon His shoulders." India has seen .that she must cease to oppress her outcast millions and must in a new sense practice toward them justice and helpfulness. These new conceptions will be incorporated into India's new national and Christian development, and will hasten the hour when Great Britain may give to her the measure of self-government she asks.

With these developments, the war will iu many ways vitally aid the' cause of missions and reforms in India. Think of this: among the five or more million Indians in various capacities now in the war on the battle fronts of France, Mesopotamia, Mrica, Egypt, the Dardanelles, Saloniki and Central Asia, very few before the war had a horizon larger than their local village life, but they will return after having associated with people from many lands, with a world vision of domestic, social, political and religious reforms and with a soldierly purpose to put them into effect in India.

An Indian minister tells of holding a service in an out-of-theway interior village, when a returned and wounded Mohammedan soldier rose and gave this testimony: "I know that this Jesus religion is true. When I was lying out on the battle field among other wounded men, the followers of this religion came out,- braving the falling shells, and carried us away and tenderly cared for our wounds. They bore upon the sleeves of their white robes the emblem of the cross on which their Christ gave His life for the world, and dyed with the color of the blood he shed."

In this way millions of returned Indians will witness for Christ and advance India's social, economical, political and religious transformation, and will everywhere reinforce the work of the missionary.

India's mass movement, which has been called the greatest since the founding of the Christian Church, has not only not a.bated under war conditions, but is spreading in dimenslon and growing in spiritual power. In the first" Acts of the Apostles" three thousand were baptized in a day, but in India's "New Acts of the ApostIes" three thousand are baptized in the various missions every two weeks. India's mass movements with their urgent call for the education of the multitudes of untaught children coming into the Christian churches, the training of the necessary workers to keep pace with the movement, and the shepherding of the new converts gives to the churches of America one of the greatest Macedonian calls of history.

Peril of

Stirring events in Urumia, Persia, and the remarkable way in which word was brought of the condition of the missionaries there.

BY REV, FREDERICK G. eOAN, D. D., URUMIA, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

N OR'l'HWESTERN Persia is in the grip of an awful famine. The events of the past few months surpass in their horrors and dangers even those of the never-to-be-forgotten year 1915.

When the Russian for('es were withdrawn from Persia as a result of the demobilization of her armies several thousands of Armenians and Syrians-refugees from Turkey-were left well armed and with ammunition. The Moslems resented the fact and tried to disarm the Christians. This resulted in fighting in which men on both sides were killed. The Moslems were overpowered in Urumia as well as in Salmas and came to the Mission yards with flags of truce. They surrendered and promised to hand over all arms and ammunition-a promise that was not kept.

A widespread plan on the part of the Moslems to bring in outside forces and wipe out the Christian population was only prevented from execution by the bravery of the Christians who fought against superior numbers with the courage of despair.

The Syrian Patriarch Mar Shimun, a man of intelligence and most attractive bearing, was in Urumia at the time of the fighting, and was asked by the Persian authorities to go to Salmas to quell the disturbances there between the Armenians and Syrians on one hand, and the Persians and Kurds on the other. He was led into an ambush and, with some 200 followers, was most, brutally murdered by the noted Kurdish chief and outlaw, Simku. This dastardly act greatly aroused the indignation of the Assyrians who avenged the act by killing Simku and two of his brothers with over a thousand of his followers. Fighting has been going on ever since and the Christians have beaten off repeated attacks by the Turks and Kurds.

A letter received a week ago from my daughter, Mrs. Richards, describes the remarkable way in which they were able to get word out to the world after being bottled up tightly for five months. One morning hearing an unusual sound, they went to the roof and to their amazement and joy saw a biplane flying over their compound. The lone Englishman who was in it waved to them and when he alighted in a field near by they learned that he had flown 150 miles that morning, from Kazvin, Persia, to find out what had happened to this lonely outpost with its small force of Americans.

23

Lieut. Pennington told them that he was ready to take out any letters they might have, and he left the next day, July 8th, with· the first word that was carried through from Urumia since February. Thousands of refugees, Armenian and Syrian from Van, Salmas, and the villages around Urumia, were then camped near the city with their animals and few belongings, ready for flight at a moment's notice.

A letter from Mr. McDowell, written from Baghdad on September 6th, supplies the last link in this tale of sorrow. Just prior to the arrival of the Turks, one of the Syrian leaders with his force went south to meet the English soldiers who were being sent to relieve Urumia, This departure started a panic among the people and some 70,000 started after them in mad flight. Dr. William A. Shedd and his wife, after making a vain attempt to bring them back, went with the multitude, hoping that they might be able to keep some order and protect the helpless in the attack that was sure to follow. A letter from Mrs. Shedd written from Hamadan on August 26th gives one of the saddest and most tragic stories in the history of our Persian Mission.

After fleeing for five days, with increasing distress among the weary, footsore, frightened and hungry refugees, the Kurds overtook the Assyrians and attacked the rear guard. Hearing that the English forces were at Sain Kala-not far ahead-they whipped up their weary horses and pressed on.

The panic and mad rush of the poor people to get on to where the English were, was terrible. The roads became jaIllllled, carts broke down, goods were flung away. The people clung to their money and bread, but the villages, through which they passed, were mostly deserted and many perished from hunger.

At last they reached Sain Kala six days travel from Urumia and met Major Moore and Captain Reed with a small force of some 150 soldiers. But hardly had they reached there before a small force, sent to the rear to protect the laggards, came back with the report that large forces of the enemy were pursuing them.

The thousands of weary refugees began to move agalll like a great avalanche. Soon after reaching camp Dr. Shedd who was worn out by the terrible experiences he had passed through, showed signs of illness, but with Dr. Jessie Yonan, a Syrian physician and their servants and drivers, they were obliged to move forward. The doctor had no medicine, there was no food, and the oil had given out, so that they could not even light a lantern. The sound of firing again warned them they must move on and the dying man was placed in the cart and carried over the rough roads. Two hours later a doctor arrived and found that Dr. Shedd was suffering from cholera. Soon afterward he passed away, and without shroud or coffin was laid to rest on the hillside. Alone in her sorrow the

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

stricken wife went on, finally reaching Hamadan after 26 days of hard journey.

The refugees to the number of some 50,000 or more divided, some finally landing at Hamadan and others pressing on to Bakuba, 40 miles north-west of Baghdad. The missionaries who remained in Urumia with some 5,000 Christians, seem not to have been molested, although several prominent men were hung and 600 girls carried off into captivity by the :Moslems and Kurds.

What will be the future of Persia 7 We believe that God's work, so faithfully begun in Persia, will not be destroyed. As :Mohammedans realize how they have been led astray and how their political power is forever gone in the "Near East," we hope that they will turn to better things. The challenge comes to the Church to go to these deluded, mistaken people, so long enemies of the Church of Christ and to explain to them the Gospel of peace, forgiveness and love.

American Influence in Bulgaria BY THE REV. EDWARB B. HASKELL, D. D., BVLGARIA . Missionary of the American Board, 1891 I T was about the middle of the nineteenth century that the Bulgar- ians, a' race whose very existence was almost forgotten by the out- side world, attracted the attention of Cyrus Hamlin, Elias Riggs and others of the great missionary statesmen then regnant in Con- stantinople. In fact as early as 1841 or 1842 Dr. Riggs, the won- derful linguist (who was a leading member of each of the com- mittees which translated the Bible into modern Greek, Armenian, Turkish and Bulgarian) issued a little paper-covered Bulgarian grammar in English. He stated in the preface that he was prompted to do so by his hope that his countrymen would be aroused some day to take an interest in the Bulgarians, and would then find his grammar ready to aid them in acquiring the language. His hope and faith were justified when the American :Methodists began a work between the Danube and the Balkan Mts. in 1857, and the American Board authorized its Western Turkey Mission to "take on" the Bulgarians south of the Balkans in 1858.

It may be wise here briefly to reply to the question so often asked, "Why establish missions in the Balkans at all when the non-Moslem races already were members of the Eastern Orthodox Church1" Let us recall that the Turkish conquest of the Balkan P€ninsula was completed shortly before the first stirrings of the Reformation took p}ace under John Hus. The report of the Oar- negie Commission on the Balkan Wars very aptly describes this con- quest as "leveling all the nationalities and prese~ng them all

alike in a condition of torpor, in a manner comparable to the action of a vast refrigerator." Now imagine the circumstances reversed, with Eastern Europe left free and Western European develop- ment arrested at just the stage which religion and education had reached in the year 1400. Then suppose that such men as Luther and Calvin had arisen in Russia and Greece, and the progress which followed their labors had taken place in Eastern Europe. Would it have been proper or improper, brotherly or unbrotherly, for Eastern Christians to have sent emissaries bearing their relig- ious and educational acquirements into Western Europe ~ The British "Diplomatist" who wrote that remarkable book, "National- ism and War in the Near East," says that we westerners "can scarcely realize the disadvantage to the growth of a community whose progressive forces get no inspiration from Protestantism and whose conservative forces are not firmly founded in Catholicity. " He deplores the degradation of the various branches of the Eastern Church into political machines so that, for example, "The Christian Churches of Macedonia are of ethnological rather than of ethical importance." He affirms that "the autocephalous Christian Churches of Eastern Europe have contributed nothing as evangelizing influences to the maintenance there of peace and goodwill; while, as educational influences, they have contributed only to the growth of nationality (chauvinism), and have fmled to exercise any influence on the new spiritual life of the Balkan Peninsula." This heavy indictment from an entirely non-missionary source would seem abundant justification for evangelical missions in the Levant.

Before passing on let me mention a contrast to the last quotation above, which I love to remember. For some years before the Balkan wars the Greek and Bulgarian evangelical churches of Salonica were accustomed to. celebrate the January week of prayer in unison, the meetings being held three evenings in the Greek and three in the Bulgarian chapel. The same hymns, translated from the English, were sung in both languages at once, and the readings, prayers and remarks were alternately in each. After the deplorable second Balkan war I feared that relations between the rlloos were too strained for our usual procedure. But when the natives were asked their opinion, they said, "Why not? Is Christ divided 1" And in the meet.ings of that year not an unbrotherly word was spoken, nor was there less power and unction than usuaL Returning to the Bulgarian work, one of the first moves made by the missionaries was the establishment of a monthly paper, the Zornitza or "Morning Star," which later became a weekly. There was a hiatus of several months between the appearance of the first and second numbers. Having made his perfectly reasonable petition to the Turkish authorit.ies for a permit to publish,

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

NEEDING DEVELOPMENT-A TYPICAL SCENE IN BULGARIA the editor put out his first number with innocent confidence that the "formalities" would be over in a few days. "Thereby hangs a tale" worth repeating. One day during the months of waiting the American Minister met the Grand Vizier at some function and took advantage of the opportunity to ask, "By the way, your Excellency, what are the prospects for that little Bulgarian paper which some of my countrymen wish,to publishT"

"You mean that republican journalB?" said the Vizier. "Oh, no, your Excellency," replied the Minister, "you have been misinformed. It is not to be a political but a religious sheet." "But is it not to be Protestant1"- "Yes, your Excellency. " "Well, Protestantism is republicanism." The wily autocrat sensed the situation with unerring instinct. Without any effort on their part to instigate revolution or even to stir up discontent, it undoubtedly is true that the missionaries hastenedthe overthrow of Turkish rule. The following story showing the feeling of another autocrat was told me by a classmate. He was traveling in the Balkans in the late nineties and chanced to be at Cettinje when Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria was visiting Prince Nicholas of Montenegro. My friend had introductions to royalty which caused him· to be invited to accompany the two princes on a walk. In order to sound him he casually remarked to Ferdinand,

"By the way, you have some American missionaries in Bulgaria, haven't you ~ What do you think of them 7"

"Well, they are rather a nuisance, as they divide up the people", said his Highness. "But," broke in Nicholas with a slap on Ferdinand's shoulder, "had there been no American missionaries there would have been no Bulgaria." "That may be true", replied Ferdinand with a shrug. The statement of Nicholas wa~ an exaggeration, as was an editorial statement in the London Times, some years ago, that the Bulgarians owed their emancipation to the Zornitza. But the Z ornitza, which today is the oldest Bulgarian paper extant, undoubtedly did a great work. While treating all subjects from an evangelical Christian standpoint it never was sectarian, and avoided attacks on the Orthodox Church. It thus entered hundreds of villages never visited by a preacher and was valued by a multitude of Orthodox readers. The editor once told me that copies sent to villages often were read aloud at the village cafes and passed from hand to hand, until each probably had reached twenty people. The Bulgarian word for newspaper is vestnik, but the Zornitza, being the first and best known paper among them, many Macedonians supposed that zornitza was the generic term. A postal clerk at Monastir in 1893-4 used often to tell me, "No zornitas came today"- meaning that no American papers had arrived.

Besides the weekly, our publication department prepared many books and tracts which were widely scattered by colporters, together with the Scriptures translated by missionaries and published by the British and American Bible Societies. There was very little controversial literature in the output, the truth being presented in a positive fonn and left to make its way. It would be a just criticism that too much was translated from the English without adaptation to local conditions, and that dogma was too prominent. But on the whole, a great deal of genuinely ethical and Christian leaven has worked its way into Bulgarian society through the press. After Zornitza became a weekly it published a monthly for children, and the Methodist Mission began a monthly named" Christian WorId," in which some valuable books were run as serials. Some years ago an Orthodox writer, speaking most candidly in a Sofia magazine on the beneficial influence of the Protestant movement in Bulgaria, pointed enviously to its literary activity, citing its seven religious periodicals, weekly, monthly, juvenile and tempemnce, in contrast with one little Orthodox paper for priests.

The preaching done by the missions has been of the same nature as their publications, with rarely a reference to or attack upon the Eastern Church. The presentation of truth and the ap- peals to conscience and will are exactly such as one hears in an

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

ordinary Congregationalist or Methodist pulpit in America. A two-fold result has followed both the preaching and tlie literature. Some people have felt that the old Church did not furnish them the spiritual food which they wished and so have organized evangelical churches. Others have been stirred to try to be better Christians within the old Church. Among the latter a strong reform party has arisen, including many of the younger priests. The text books for teaching religion in the public schools have been so purged of superstition as to make one pastor call them "evangelized."

So much has been written of the influence of Robert College and the Women's College at Constantinople on Bulgarian political and social life that it is unnecessary to say more here. Those institutions have been patronized by the comparatively wealthy, while the middle and poorer classes have turned to the less widely known mission schools at Samokov. It was a striking fact that these schools never had been so full as in 1917-18 when so many were insisting that we ought to declare war on Bulgaria. I would not be understood as implying that Bulgaria owes her educational system-one of the most thorough in Europe-to America. The Bulgar has been inclined to over-estimate the value of intellectual as compared with spiritual training, and would have sought education anyhow. The establishment of American schools among the people near the beginning of their national renaissance doubtless contributed to their intellectual advance. And those among them who value character as an educational product value our schools. Whatever be the cause, the Bulgarians spend annually for education double the amount per capita spent by any other Balkan race, and have reduced their illiteracy, in forty years of emancipation, to less than half what it is in the adjoining States after their eighty years of freedom.

There is a wide-spread feeling today that American Christian influence has amounted to nothing in Bulgaria because she took the wrong side in the war and because she committed atrocities. It scarcely is just to condemn a whole people for the action of a Bourbon King, and it is only right to remind ourselves that a willingness on the part of Bulgaria's ne1,g"hbors to rectify the inequities of the 1913 Bucharest Treaty would have made it impossible for the King to enlist her against them. As to atrocitiesmost of them did not happen. When Balkan races vilify one another the old resident among them discounts their charges about 75%. I have learned, for instance, that a horrible "hymn of hate" attributed to a Bulgar was not written by him and has not appeared in any Bulgarian publication. It is part of a "fabricated" slander campaign, such as those races fabricate easier than we fabricate ships. Bulgaria is as unable now as in 1913 to get any reply to the charges against her circulated outside her borders,

and unsportsmanlike advantage is being taken of the situation in order to influence the coming Peace Congress.

My own quarter century of mission lif·e has mostly been spent in Macedonia, where I have formed warm friendships with members of all the Balkan races. I realize that the period of work among them has been too short, and the human and financial forces employed too inadequate, to transform the national life. The Bulgars have proved the most responsive to American Christian influence of any Balkan people. Yet it would be presumptious to claim that all theIr progress is due to it. It has had some share, however, in producing the following results: 1. A religious tolerance unapproached elsewhere in the Levant. While the constitution of every Balkan State guarantees religious liberty to its subjects, those outside Bulgaria also forbid criticism of or conversions from the "Pravo Slav" (Slavic for "Orthodox") Church. This curious self-contradiction is explained on the ground that religious liberty means the right to exercise undisturbed the religion in which you were born, the' religion of your parents. You may not choose a new form for yourself unless you change from something else to Orthodox.

A lady who passed through Greece in 1914, recently told me that she saw some men looking out of the prison windows at Patras. She learned that twenty-three of them were there for having met together to read the Bible in modern Greek. The Greek constitution makes it a crime to sell, give away or own any Scripture portion in the spoken language of the people. Such a law is unthinkable in connection with Bulgaria. It is to be hoped that Prime Minister Venezelos, with his English proclivities and general breadth of view, will succeed in securing the repeal of this mediaeval article, and of unjust discriminations against non-conformists in certain of the Greek laws. Probably Montenegro is the only remaining European country which prohibits colporteurs from circulating the Scriptures within its territory.

In 1911 I talked with English "Plymouth Brethren" who have tried to work in Roumania. Their meetings had to be held secretly in private houses and frequently shifted to various quarters of Bucharest, lest the police discover them and arrest all in attendance.

In Belgrade a German Lutheran Ohurch was tolerated, but no Protestant preaching in Serbian. A Scot named McKenzie, an earnest Christian and philanthropist lived there for years. The Serbs so honored him as to name a street for him-but never allowed him to hold a service in the church building which he erected at his oWIi. expense on that street.. A little Baptist sect called "Nazorei" has secured a precarious footing in Serbia. Its member!! often have been beaten and imprisoned by the police. In January 1914

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

one of them told me in Belgrade that he had been tried that very day for attending ~ ~eeting. On the report of secret government agents who were present, all the men in attendance were sentenced to imprisonment for a month and all the women for two weeks. They had appealed the case, bnt if the sentence was sustained it would be my friend's seventh imprisonment for his faith.

After all that has been done for Montenegro, Roumania and Serbia in the war by nations outside the Eastern Orthodox Ohurches, and after the chastening experiences of the past three years, one may confidently expect that these states will cease to persecute dissenters from their establishments. In Serbia, at least, there are signs pointing in this direction. Whether Roumania will extend to the Jews the toleration which they enjoy in Bulgaria remains to be seen.

In Bulgaria the ecclesiastics, as everywhere, are intolerant and desirous to persecute. They have instigated sporadic outbursts of mob fanaticism, and cases of .official injustice. But I never knew of a prosecution or an imprisonment on a religious accusation. Bulgaria alone of the Balkan States recognizes the .legality of marriages performed for its subjects by Protestant pastors, exempts such pastors from military service the same as Orthodox priests, and frees their church buildings from taxation.

2. The temperance cause has made great progress in Bulgaria. Many temperance societies have been organized, which publish a monthly organ, and an extensive literature created. The Ministry of Education co-operated with the late Dr. J. F. Olarke in sending this literature to every school in Bulgaria and Macedonia. From 1907 to the end of 1910 Dr. Olarke published 350,000 copies of temperance tracts with 4,422,200 pages. Undoubtedly Bulgaria will be the first Balkan State to adopt any temperance legislation.

3. The great advance of socialism in Bulgaria shows an interest in human welfare, an idealism and a spirit of brotherhood which are essentially Ohristian virtues. The movement challenges the missions to he IDOl'P aINt in proclaiming a sane social Gospel.

4. There can be no doubt that it was in response to the American Ohristian influences which have been at work among them for 60 years that the Bulgarians so stubbornly resisted the tremendous pressure put upon them by Germany and Austria to break relations with the United States in April, 1917. A leading statesman said to me, "We owe all that we are to America, and if there ever is war between the two countries it will be by her act and not ours."

The fact that we did not declare war on her will create a more friendly feeling toward us in Bulgaria than ever before. If, while recognizing the rights and aspirations of the other Balkan States, we also grant the Macedonians the privilege of self-detpr-

mination, Bulgarian gratitude will know no bounds, and the American· missions will see before them opportunities which it will be difficult to live up to. After all, was not" Mr. Bri tling" right when, with vision clarified by a great sorrow, he said, "It does not matter in the least what we owe to Serbia or what we owe to Italy. We have got to set this world on a different footing. We have got to set up the world at last-on justice and reason. The Treaty of Bucharest [1913J was an evil treaty. It must be undone. Whatever this German king -ftf Bulgaria does, ·that treaty must be undone and the Bulgarians united again into one people. They must have themselves, whatever punishment they deserve, they must have nothing more, whatever reward they win." No juster word has been spok~.m.

The Missionary Situation in Bantu Africa BY REV. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR, D. D.

Missionary of the American Board in Sonth Africa AFTER the huge expenditures of money and life which have been required to end German political power in Africa, and after the revelations of the abuse of that power in cruelty and repression to the native races, it may fairly be assumed that there will be no thought of its restoration. The peace conference may either confirm the possession of the Colollies by Great Britain and France or may bring them under international control. Great Britain has made an enviable reputation in the government of sub- ject races and is sympathetic with Missionary work. The suggestion lias been made that the United States of America assume responsibil- ity for these great areas, but it is not likely that such a plan would be seriously considered. The British government has already taken steps to conserve the results of German mission work in Togoland and in East Africa by asking in the former case the United Free Church of Scotland and in the latter the Africa Inland Mission to take over German stations. Reports of French opposition to mis- SIon work on the Gold Coast indicate that some pressure may be required to secure fuller co-operation on the part of the French government with missionary effort.

Central Africa at this moment of history offers the most strik- . ing field for the exercise of such internationalism as is proposed in the League of Nations. The policy of non-interference with the internal affairs of sovereign states seems about to suffer some modifications with Russia, Austria, Turkey and Germany on the operating table, to say nothing of the possibility of Ireland bscom-

1919l THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA

ing an international question. And there are still plenty of mlll– stances of injustice on a large scale and plenty of problems of adjustment between ruling and subject peoples in Africa to give scope for the most patient and broad-minded statesmanship, if we have now actually reached the point when the democratic nations are ready to take up the mission of making a democratic world. In any case, with Germany's policy of exploitation abandoned and the growing recognition by governments and students of AfrriiCclijL1,nll ethnology that Christian missions offer the surest hope for the uplift of the native races, and their adjustment to the demands of developing civilization, the year 1919 promises to h0" 11 momentous year for African missions if the church will rf<(''", "11<1 to 111,,>" call of the Master as loyally as the country htals reSSllHHll:d I i) (tJ,c.;, 8c,'l1111 of the President.

REASONS FOR THE BRIGHTEK OUTLOOK I~ AFRICA A Mission School in East Africa The South African Government has withdrawn, at least till after the war, its Native Land Act, a very sweeping piece of legislation aimed at territorial separation throughout the Union. The reports of the local commissions, which were appointed to reconsider the allocations of territory made by the original Commission, recommended slnich additions to the proposed natives' areas as were impossible to secure with the native raCce politically powerless and the white race unready to deal with the problem in a generous spirit. Moreover it was found that the feeling of the )natives against the Act was growing in intensity to a degree that was causing serious unrest.

is The Committee of the Aborigines Protection Society is engaged in what characterized as "its most gigantic effort since the abolition of slavery" in dealing with a proposal of the Rhodesian government to exchange 6,000,000 acres of native reserves for 5,000,000 of other land. The question of the Chartered Company's claim to land in Rhodesia exceeding in extent the whole of Great Britain has been decided against the Company and native titles are to that degree confirmed. The problem of the natives' relation to the land increases in intensity in South Africa. The rapid increase of floating populations at the labor centers unattached to the soil, and the intensification of unfavorable economic conditions by war prices presents a fertile soil for the agitator. Strikes and boycotts, dangerous weapons in the hands of people at the African stage of development, are becoming frequent. Racial feeling is running high and these conditions are reacting upon South African missions in a resurgence of independent and schismatic movements and a general hair-trigger condition among those congregati>ons most in touch with the influences of the gold fields.

The situation demands on the one hand intensification of effort to train the native agriculturally and industrially and to keep him on the land, and on the other hand of the effort to interpret Christianity and civilization to him at the labor centers in the form of better homes, provision for entertainment and instruction in leisure time, under the auspices of the church, and general social betterment. Not only the mining centers but every African seaport and large town calls for this type of evangelism. But neither industrial training nor social service can save the native socially till the land problem is solved. The Act recently withdrawn was initiated in the interest of the European. In the coming reconstruction new legislation in the interest of the native must give him a fair share of the land and security of tenure on an individual basis, as fast as he becomes able to make effective use of such tenure.

PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION In the Kamenm war scattered the native populations, mission stations and funds were seized by the German army; in -German East Africa hundreds of thousands of natives were taken for transport, besides those in the fighting forces, whole tribes were broken np and homes destroyed by their women being taken away by the troops. There will be serious loss by the suspension of German missions, but good progress has been made in reconstruction efforts. The United Free Church of Scotland has bravely assumed the burden of the work in Togoland. The American Presbyterians came through with only 6% losses in the Kamerun and actually more than doubled the native contributions. They have put through with remarkable speed the substitution of French for

THE MlSSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA

German in the schools. In East Africa the Africa Inland Mission has taken over a large group of former German stations. In Kiziba the native church of Uganda is undertaking a splendid foreign mission enterprise and has already more than doubled the former number of German out-stations.

Perhaps the greatest problem of reconstruction after the war will be the readmission of the great evangelizing force represented by the missionary churches of Germany into a share in the missionary enterprise.

THE LIQUOR PROBLEM The progress of the prohibition movement in America is certain to react favorably on Africa, but vigilance will be needed to see that the interests driven out here do not seek a foot-hold in Africa as they are doing in Ohina. In South Africa which has been characterized as "among the most hopelessly liquor-ridden countries in the world" the grape growing trade has been making a. new drive for the privilege of selling Oape wines to the natives on the Rand. Persistent efforts are being made to introduce the Durban system of. municipal manufacture and sale of native beer on the Rand in the face of the, fact that sales have more than tripled since the system began, being now $12,000 per month. The illicit liquor traffic is responsible for 76% of the male inmates of South Mrican jails and 58% of the females, and yet there is a stronger demand for relaxation of the laws on the ground that they cause crime, than for prohibition which would abolish the crime. Belgium has declared for "bone-dry" prohibition to natives in her African territories.

It is refreshing to learn of a distillery closed in Portuguese Angola, and of Sir F. D. Lugard's appeal that Nigeria, having raised from other sources the £1,140,000 of revenue lost by the suspension of the liquor importation in 1918, shall continue to do so.

The temperance forces should seize the opportunity to make prohibition for the native races of Africa a leading issue in the peace discussions relating to the status and future of Africa, and they should start a campaign among the white churches of South Africa for general prohibition.

MISSIONARY UNITY AND CO-OPERATION .The Protestant Boards in the Kamerun have agreed upon a division on geographical lines of the entire field. The Conference consists of the American Presbyterians and Baptists and the German-Swiss Gossner and Basel missions. The Kikuyu Oonference, undeterred by its rebuff of a few years ago, has held a further meeting this year and reaffirmed its determination not to rest till all the societies concerned have a common ministry and one church. In German East Africa during the campaign the same societies organized a daily prayer meeting for the Mission Volunteer Military

Labor Corps, used on Sundays a service drawn up by the federation and on the first Sunday of each month had a common communion service.

The General Missionary Conference of South Africa has held no meeting since 1912, but will face the problems of reconstruction with Kikuyu's splendid example before it. One of its major undertakings will be a co-operative survey of the South Mrican field.

A Year of Latin American Missions BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE most remarkable development in the missionary situation in Latin America during the last year is the growing confi- dence manifested by the people of those lands toward the United States. The well known prejudice that has hitherto existed in every country from Mexico to Chile has always been a great barrier to mission work. North America's sacrifice of her profits on munitions with her unselfish entrance into the World War as a crusade for righteous;ness and true Democracy has given Latin Americans a real appreciation of her idealism and a desire for her friendship. "American Solidarity" has come to be the most popular phrase in Latin America. The establishment of North American banks, steamship lines and many new commercial houses has added much to these closer relations. Trade between the Fnited States and Latin America increased more than a billion dollars last year.

The great increase in the number of students from the South coming to this country is another indication of this growing fri('ndship. At the Studpnt ConfrreDrPs in Nortllflf'ld ;",cl T,l1,p (jrnDj"R there were enthusiastic groups of these students eal'lll'stl,l sCf'king to solve their spiritual problems. The Brazilian government has recently sent to this country twenty-seven graduate students who are to take two-year courses in agriculture, forestry, sanitation and engineering, to return to their country with these North American methods to help develop the marvelous physical resources of their country. The missionary forces have impressed Brazil to such an extE'nt that missionary leaders in this country were requested to meet the students and advise them concerning the institutions they should attend and help them in other ways to get the most out of their stay in North America. It is probable that the number of such students financed by the Government will reach one hundred during the year.

Brazil has just offered to the Southern Presbyterian Mission in Brazil free use of a well equipped agricultural school with some 10,000 acres of land, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, agreeing

A YEAR OF LA'l'IN AMERICAN MISSIONS

to back the school for a period of fifty years, if the Mission would provide the leaders in the teaching force. They have also elected a former teacher in one of the mission schools to head a modern school of domestic science for young women, in Northern Brazil, and have paid her expenses to this country to secure seven other young women teachers, specifying that they like herself shouid have the missionary spirit.

There is a new hunger for religion among our southern neigh- bors. Most of the educated classes, before the World War, had concluded that religion could be eliminated from modern life, but many have come now to realize that they must have a spiritual basis for personal and national life. A university professor of Buenos Aires has suggested the calling of a Congress on Religion to consider what should be done in this matter. This, along with a new recognition of the importance of missionary work, as illustrated by Brazil's attitude in other cases, points to a most encouraging out- look for the new year.

TERRITORIAL OOCUPATION The entire remaking of the missionary map of Mexico has been going on since the Cincinnati Conference in 1914, and this year has seen its practical consummation. This has meant the most revolutionary changes in missionary territory that have ever been accomplished in any mission field. At least one Board has sur- rendered all of its old territory and is going into an entirely new part of the country. Others are withdrawing from great stretches of territory, including several states and concentrating their work in those parts of their field where there is greatest need. Seven of the nine Mi,9sionary Boards in Mexico have now a clearly marked off territory for which they are particularly responsible. A depu~ tation from the various Boards, visiting their lipIds in January is and will all meet together in conference in Mexico City for a final adjustment of their property matters. These arrangements have required the utmost confidence in one another's fair dealing. Their consummation, in spite of all the political disturbances and other difficulties, marks a new era in missionary cooperation.

In Cuba the territorial readjustments have, to a large extent, . eliminated overlapping. The Disciples of Christ have withdrawn entirely, turning over their work to the Northern Presbyterians, who have also become responsible for most of the work of the Southern Presbyterians. Thus this field, where cooperation has been far from satisfactory, has gained greatly during the past year.

The missionary occupation of Santo Domingo has been em- phasized by a visit of the Secretary of the Committee on Coopera- tion in Porto Rico, who has submitted a plan for the Porto Ricans themselves to cooperate with the Mission Boards in the occupation of Santo Domingo.

Central America has received more attention this year than ever before. The Northern Baptists sent a deputation to visit their work there and in Mexico. The responsibility for the six republics, including Panama, is now distributed among the Methodists, Bap- tists, and Presbyterians. These three Boards have requested Dr.

Webster E. Browning, the Educational Secretary for the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, to make a survey of the educa- tional conditions in all Central America, in order to outline a com- prehensive program of cooperation in the educational work which these Boards are developing there.

The Disciples of Christ have sent their first missionaries into Paraguay, the territory which was recently assigned to them, and have voted to put $150,000 into a new school in Asuncion, after hav- ing received the promise of the President of the Republic and other prominent men to place their children in the school.

The Young Women's Christian Association is just now sending two Secretaries to Rio de Janeiro to open its second Association in South America. .

EDUCATIONAL MISSIONS The outstanding thing in the development of missionary educa- tion this year has been the series of educational conferences held by Dr. Webster E. Browning in Argentina, Chile, Boliva, Peru and Colombia. In each of these countries the evangelical teachers were brought together and, after discussing their problems, fonned a series of findings which will guide them in their work for the next several years. Dr. Browning had remarkable receptions in sev- eral of the countries, by the national leaders of education. In Peru he was requested to give an afternoon to the National Educational Council. In Bolivia he was invited to lecture at the State Nonnal and the Jesuit College, after the leaders of those institutions had heard him in the Methodist school at La Paz.

The first professor for the Union Theological Seminary in Bra- zil has just sailed from New York. The rest of the faculty will be provided for in Brazil. The following bodies are cooperating: Presbyterians, North and South; Congregationalists; Independent Presbyterians; Methodists. The Episcopalians will also send stu- dents to the Seminary.

The Evangelical Seminary of Porto Rico has been approved by five Boards, and probably by this time the first meeting of the Trustees has been held and the matters of location and faculty de- cided.

The Mexican Evangelical Seminary has progressed in a re- markable way. The large rented building has been crowded, some twenty-eight students having been enrolled from the eight organi- zations that cooperate in the Seminary. .

A YEAR OF LATIN AMERICAN

The International Facnlty of Theology, which is to serve all South America as a graduate school for the training of evangelic-a] leaders, has received the support of a sufficient number of Boards to guarantee its opening in Montevideo in 1920.

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE The coordination of all of the forces that are working for literature, both at the home base and on the field, has been gradually going forward during the year under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. Dr. George B. Winton, Editorial Secretary, and Dr. Orts Gonzalez, editor of Spanish Literature, have given their whole time to the production of literature in Spanish. Prof. Erasmo Braga, of Campinas, Brazil, has just been appointed by this Committee as editor of Portuguese Literature, with headquarters in Brazil.

A program for the production of books has been outlined by the Committee on Literatme of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, which includes some thirty titles, principally along the lines of apologetics, religious education and social service. Each Regional Committee has a sub-committee on literature which is working with the central committee in carrying out this program. A significant thing in this year's missionary history has been the publication of the Introduction to the Bible in Portugese, by Dr. Jose Carlos Rodriguez, former editor of the Journal of Commerce. of Rio de Janeiro.

SOCIAL SERVICE AND MEDICAL WORK The Committee on Social Service, of the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico, has accomplished a large piece of work this year. Following the great victory for prohibition last year, they began a campaign against vice. With the aid of the military and civil authorities they closed practically all the houses of prostitution on the Island. The women who were confined in the jails were then organized into schools and taught to sew, cook, and in other ways to earn a living.

The Baptists have opened a new hospital in Pueblo, Mexico; the Presbyterians, a large dispensary in Vera Cruz. The Methodist Church in Buenos Aires raised a large sum to help their orphanage near that city and, almost immediately following, raised their quota of $200,000 (Argentine) for the Methodist Centenary. This was probably the largest amount of money ever raised in a campaign by an evangelical church in Latin America, and is indicative of what may be expected in future development.

With the closing of the great war, the world's attention is rapidly shifting from Europe to Latin America, where, in the next quarter of a century, we may expect the most important developments of any part of the world.

SOME; 'POSTERS USED IN 1T'IH-IE INDUSTRIAL WORK OF THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN AS

'l'HE WORKERS-A TUG OF WAR IN A

The Needs of the Industrial Workers BY FRED H. RINDGE, JR., M. A., NEW YORK Secretary of the Industrial Department, International Committee, Y. M. C.. A.

A MERICA realizes, asa result of the war experiences, that the "soldier in industry" is as vital a factor in the service of the nation and the world as is the soldier in arms. Nations have learned that they must regard the welfare of industrial workers as strictly as the welfare of soldiers at the front. The safety of the nation in time of war lies, as Prince Lvoff of Russia once expressed it, "in a union of the front and the rear."

Great leaders of our national and industriarl life are already facing the problem of how to promote the welfare of our industrial workers. What is needed in time of war is no less important from a humanitarian and Christian standpoint in time of peace. It is essential that living conditions be right, and that rest and recreation be provided. Ennggllaanndd'8's"HHeeaalth of Munition Workers Committee" made thorough investigations of conditions, and reported that, even from the standpoint of production alone, excessive hours did not pay. "Taking the country as a whole, the Committee is bound to record its impression that the munition workers in general have been allowed to reach a state of reduced efficiency and lowered health 41'

which might have been avoided without the reduction of output bY. attention.. to the details of daily and weekly rest. .~. .'". .'". It is for the nation to safeguard the devotion of its workers by its foresight and watchfulness lest irreparable harm be done to body and mind both in this generation and the nexxtt..""

These are strong words. Detailed studies revealed such facts as the following: A reduction of 12 percent in the hours of one plant resulted in a23 per cent increase in hourly output and an actual rise of 8 per cent in total weekly output. In another instance an absolute increase of over 5 per cent in output resulted when the working · day was reduced from 12 to 10 hours.

A NOON-DAY RELIGIOUS SERVICE IN A FACTORY ._The problem before America is not merely to avoid the lowering of standards, but to definitely obtain and maintain higher standards. This is clearly evident in the advanced positions being taken by the War Industries Board, the National War Labor Board, the Labor Policies Board, and various other agencies of the Government which have attempted to deal firmly and wisely with the great industrial and social problems of the day. Bnut efficiency and the welfare of the worker!; and their families depend upon the personal character and happiness of each individual worker. Ohristian agencies are therefore primarily the ones to which the world must look for the building of this character which is the final essential to safe industrial and social conditions. No matter how well we maintain, or how greatly we improve standards, there will always

THE NEEDS OF THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

be a tremendous need for the sort of thing for which the Christian Church and its agencies are responsible.

The Young Men's Christian Association has, during the past sixteen years, become increasingly efficient in its approach to the great industrial and social problems, and by really serving the men and boys of industry in an all-round way has produced both efficiency and character in a remarkable degree. The Association considers its field to be the approximately 15,000,000 males engaged in industrial occupations in the United States, and the hundreds of thousands in Canada. Gradually it has been enlarging its service to the workers in industry in other nations.

A CLASS IN ENGLISH TO HELP PIANO FACTORY WORKERS The service of the Association in industry is quite different from that of ordinary welfare work as generally conceived. Its field lies within the zone of agreements between employer and employee. It does not attempt to adjust issues, but to create a spirit in which adjustment of differences becomes easier. The Association is non-partisan, non-paternal, cooperative, and under trained leadership, with expert supervision, is adapted to all types and conditions, and yet it is more than neutral-it is mutual. The object of this work is to get the undivided message of the Association to both employers and employees, so that each shall manifest to the other as well as to all men in every relation of life that manly spirit of goodwill and unselfishness which controlled the life of Christ.

"Modifications in program may be neocessary to meet industrial conditions, but no modification of purpose nor obscuring of

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT-A LITERARY CIRCLE AT HOME objective has been found necessary or permissible. " This marks the difference between the Association's work in industry and so-called welfare or social service work.

Industrial corporations have invested millions in city buildings of the Young Men's Christian Association, contribute generously toward annual maintenance and pay several hundred thousands for the support of industrial extension work. Herman H. Westinghouse declares: "The investment of our Company in the Association is the best investment we ever maaddee,"," while Warren S. Stone, President of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers believes: "It has been one of the great influences for better citizenship and better manhood, and has done more for the railroad and industria! men than any other one thing. "

Those who are familiar merely with the city type of Y. M. C. A. do not realize the vast scope of its extension service-its religious and other shop meetings, its vast program of teaching English and citizenship to foreigners, promotion of health, safety and first aid, technical education, noon and after hours recreation, industrial athletic leagues, socials in plant and community and scores of other activities which help the" soldiers of industry" to get fit and stay fit.

rt will be a surprise to many to learn that over 125,000 industrial men and boys are members of the Association. Nearly three million .others attended religious and other shop meetings during

the past year and as many more wer e reached in other extension work. Most people aIr'e not familiar with the fact that in spite of the rapid ·growth in connection with distinctively war industries . throughout the country, the greatest industrial needs are still in the cities, and theert:e the Associiaation program is most eBxxtteensive. It has been found necessary not only to coont inue all the usual forms of . work, but to promote rapidly indussttrial branches of city Associa- tions, special buildings to serve industries in a much larger program of industrial work, and a specific form of organization by which a .secretary is required to give all of his time to a particular plant. In the latter case he is still a member of the staff of the city Asso- ciation, but has an office and equipment within the particular plant and devotes all his time and effort to the interest of the men and boys of that plant.

THE DAILY ROU 0 WHICH WAY ARE of thec'·wun1.s5kkiUllled work YOU HEADING 10 [ P ~ THE BREAD V~OR LINE RELIGION Om ~ 'It! help him gggft into /leilWf-gqCI CJIR.CCLLES?

The industrial departments, in cootton mill villages, coal and metal mining communities, lumber towns, construction camps, and in many war industries, are working wonders. Over $5,000,000 has been contributed by industry toward the Y. M. CO. A. buildings in connection with these industries outside of cities and over $500,000 a year is being contributed by the compann·ies toward the support of the work. An equal amount is g iiYy{e~nby the employees themselvees, thus making the Associiaattionn's indushial program. in reality as it is in name, a mutual welfa re enterprriisse. The Association is promoting all of its activities as far as possible through a committee of the workers themseelves, thus affording to them the maximum of democracy and control.

The specially adapted work in nineteen Y. M. C. A. buildings in the various plants of the DuPont Powder Company is a good illustration. At Hopewell, Virginia, for example, when the boom was at its height, the Association buildings ran day and night in three eight-hour shifts with a staff of 103 secretaries and assistants. 'l'wenty branches have been organized in the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company Mining Camps in as many months. Near Birmingham, Alabama, at the plant of the American Cast Iron Pipe Company, the normal work of the Association has, according to testimony" of the Company, reduced accidents 47% in number and reduced lost time from accidents 55%. The output per man has increased 13% and the percentage of loss from defective work has been reduced one-third.

The Association, as a representative of the Church, has undertaken to layout a program to serve the 30,000 workers in the Government arsenals, the 100,000 in the navy yards, about 500,000 in the shipyards, and the millions in munitions plants and other essential industries. One of the simplest and yet unique types of service which the Association has undertaken has been the enlistment of small gangs of high school boys under a responsible gang leader to work on the "short shift" from four to eight p.m. in the shipyards. In the spruce forests of the Pacific Coast there were about 110,000 enlisted men getting out spruce'for airplanes in nearly three hundred different detachments, and the Association put a staff of twenty-five secretaries to work traveling from camp to camp organizing special service for these men.

In spite of this great economic result which the Association has produced, every effort is being made to hold uppermost the real religious message of the Association, as it is true today as never before, that the men and boys of industry are hungering for a realization of' the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of men. This the Association is helping to bring to them in a superlative way.

The coming of peace will increase rather than decrease the comprehensive activities planned for the soldiers and sailors and for the hundreds of thousands of workers of America and her Allies. The most comprehensive program of Christian service ever conceived is needed to prevent the period of demobilization from becoming a period of demoralization. Furthermore, these will be the months of most time available for putting on a really constructive program. Most of the present war industries will be continued and where necessary the product will be changed. Industry and industrial workers will always be with us, and during the coming critical period of reconstruction, the work of Christian agencies will be more necessary than ever.

The demand comes also from the industrial workers themselves. And it comes from the religion of Jesus Christ. May God help us to see the opportunity and to seize it I

ANNIVERSARIES IN THE YEAR

January 3rd-Krapf arrived at Mombasa to begin his East African Mis- sion 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

8th -Birth of Matthew Tyson Yates, first missionary of the Southern Baptist Convention 1819. 100th anniversary. See "Servants of the King" by Speer.

February 21st -Public baptism of Ranavalona II. of Madagascar and her prime minister 1869. 50th anniversary. See "Thirty Years in Madagascar" by Matthews.

23rd-Death of Ziegenbalg 1719. 200th anniversary. See "New Acts of the Apostles" by Pierson.

March 21st -Birth of Mackay of Formosa 1844. 75th anniversary. See "From Far Formosa" by Mackay.

23rd-Founding of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. Church 1869. 50th anniversary.

31st -Vanderkemp landed at Cape Town 1799. 120th anniver- sary. See "Heroes and Martyrs of the Missionary- Enter- prise" by Smith.

April r·-~'– 5th -Founding of the Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. Church 1819. 100th anniversary. See "The Encyclopae- dia of Missions."

24th-Birth of James RobertsOn, first Home Missionary Superin- tendent of Manitoba 1839. 80th anniversary. See "Ser- vants of the King" by Speer.

24th -Death of Asahel Grant 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

May 2nd-Death of Henry Nott of Tahiti 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

10th -Completion of the Hawaiian Bible 1839. 80th anniversary. See "The Transformation of Hawaii" by Brain.

16th -Baptism of Pomare II. of Tahiti 1819. 100th anniver- sary. See "Christianity in Polynesia" by King.

June 8th-Doctor John Scudder sailed for Ceylon 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "The Missionary Reiew," June, 1909.

27th-Baptism of judson's first Burmese convert 1819. 100th anniversary. See "Life of Adoniram Judson" by Ed- ward Judson.

28th -Birth of Allen Gardiner 1794. 125th anniversary.

47

July 4th -Founding of the South American Missionary Society 1844. 75th anniversary.

4th -Comer stone of Robert College laid 1869. 50th anniver- sary. See "My Life and Times" py Hamlin.

August 1st -Doctor John Kenneth Mackenzie called to treat the wife of Li Hung Chang 1879. 40th anniversary. See "John Kenneth Mackenzie" by Mrs. Bryson.

3rd-Dedication of the first Protestant church in Alaska at Fort Wrangell 1879. 40th anniversary. See "Life of Shel- don Jackson" by Stewart.

September 8th -Public burning of idols in Madagascar 1869. 50th anniver- sary. See "Thirty Years in Madagascar" by Matthews.

October 17th -First party of missionaries sailed for Hawaii 1819. 100th anni,ersary. See "Transformation of Hawaii" by Brain.

24th -Baptism of Paton's first convert on Aniwa 1869. 50th an- niversary. See -"The Autobiography of John G. Paton"

November 3rd-Fisk and Parsons sailed for Palestine 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "Fifty-three Years in Syria" by Jessup.

3rd-Doctor Clara Swain and Isabella Thobum sailed for India 1869. 50th anniversary. See "Eminent Missionary Wo- men" by Gracey. .

20th -Martyrdom of John Williams 1839. 80th anniversary.

See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field" by Walsh.

25th -Completion of Morrison's Chinese Bible 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "The Uplift of China" by Smith.

December 27th -Marriage of Robert and Mary Moffat 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat" by John Moffat.

(Note the number of medical missionary anniversaries-·Vander- kemp in March; Scudder in June; Mackenzie in A<ugust; Clara Swain in November.) m The Foreign Missions Conference will be held New Haven, Conn.

January 14th to 17th, 1919. The Home Missions Council will be held at Wallace Lodge, Yonkers, N. Y. January 14th to 17th, 1919.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods o£ Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards BACK TO THE BIBLE T HERE was"a time when the only many who "have reached or are ap- available text-book for Mission proaching the state of the squeezed Study was the Bible, and when a lemon, whose work would glow with large part of the program of every a new light if they granted themmissionary meeting was Bible read- selves a daily leave of absence of ing. There is always danger in even an hour for research in that newly acquired wealth, and there are greatest of all missionary books-the among us those who in this sudden Word of God. In the busy rush and acquisition of text-books and pro- hurry of our missionary service we gram materials, are crowding the are prone to crowd out the commun- Bible entirely out of plans and pro- ion with God through His Words, grams, or are giving it scant place. without which our service is ashes. There are some who, in the multitude of new books to study, are finding "God never asks of us such busy labor no time for the study of the old As leaves no time for sitting at His feet."

Book. Missionary work would go forward A group of leaders at a conference with greater strides if missionary workers paused more often to get last summer were talking about the the Master's messages. lectures of one of the speakers who was one of the greatest professors At the Minnesota School of Misof one of our greatest universities. sions a speaker told the story of a For years they had recognized him professor who, worn by his work as a forceful speaker, but this year and the ceaseless coming and going he was speaking with compelling of the people who daily thronged his power and" irresistible appeal. One way, sought rest and solitude in a day one of the leaders lingered in quiet spot in Florida. One day when the class room and when he com- he supposed he was in a wilderness, mented on this fact the professor far from frequented ways, he was made answer: surprised to hear the strains of a banjo. As he followed the sound he "My university realized that I was came upon an old negro seated in the rapidly approaching the state of a forked limbs of a tree, giving an squeezed lemon, so they granted me a audience-less recital. year's leave of absence for study and research. I had planned to spend this "Why, uncle," said he in amazeyear in the universities of England. ment, "how does it happen that you When war conditions made that im- are playing your banjo away out possible I would not give up my here alone?" year of research. I stayed at home, but I spent the year in research in "It's this way, boss," said the old my own study, and have discovered man. "Sometimes I jes' has to get the New Testament." away from folks to serenade my own soul," and the professor knew he had In our missionary forces there are met a fellow traveler bent on a quest the same as his own.

49

Tennyson expressed the universal members, but the effort is made need when he said: worth while by the increased Bible study, and also by the increased at- "Solitude is the mother country of the tendance at the next meeting result- strong," ing from the calls.

as did also that other poet who said: Oftentimes a committee can use to advantage a book such as *"The "The nurse 0 f full grown souls is soli- Meaning of Prayer," by 'Harry tude." Emerson Fosdick, in connection with the study, getting as many members Many of us are missionary weak- as possible to buy a copy and follow lings who sorely need to journey the study by the topics there predaily into that mother country, or to sented. be ministered unto by that nurse who serves in the ante-room of the strong. Sometimes the committee may For 'tis but a step from solitude into present for study a different subject the presence of God who has prom- each month, giving to members the ised power to those in whom His passage to be read each day. Again, words abide. there may be months during :which the committee will select a verse for One has only to spend a few days each day, listing these verses on a in missionary conventions to be im- calendar pad for each member, with pressed with the hurried, rushing the request that the verse for the lives of many overworked, over- day be read and memorized at the wearied leaders. The Master's life very beginning of that day as a keywas full but it was never hurried. note which shall harmonize the lives No man ever filled days of service and labors of all the members even with measure more heaping, yet no though they work apart. Many man ever lived such a poised, un- Bible Study or Devotional Commithurried Iife. tees have thought that their work was done when the doxology was "Save me from the shame and sung at the regular meeting, but the weakness of a hurried life" their greatest opportunity is in folshould be the daily prayer of those low-up work, which makes Bible who long to follow along the way of study a part of every day's program His busy, unhurried days. in the life of each member.

A missionary secretary said re- Another opportunity is the securcently, "I am resolved never to sign ing of a good Bible teacher for a another letter 'yours hurriedly.' 1 special course some time during each am resolved not to be 'yours hur- year. Committees have been amazed riedly.' I will take time to live un- to find how many people will enroll hurriedly." for a course of Bible Study with a really good teacher, and some com- Who Leads the Wayi' mittees have made their annual week of Bible Study a week to which their The Bible Study Committee can members look forward from one year work wonders of transformation, not to another. Such a course on the only in the meetings but also in the Missionary Message of the Bible has individual lives of members by in- not only strengthened the faith of corporating plans for home Bible those already enlisted, but has constudy in each year's work. Clear verted many anti-missionary memoutlines giving the passages to be bers into loyal supporters. studied each day of the month should be written or printed on slips and The Bible in the Meetings distributed at the meetings. Absent members should be visited immedi- In some societies it is evident that ately. It requires some work to put the reading of a passage of Scripture these outlines in the hands of absent

1919J BEST METHODS

is regarded, not exactly as part of orize whole books of the Bible and the meeting but as a sort of opener even the entire New Testament, our necessary to the reaching of the real girls can memorize a single chapter table of contents. We "open with or passage." Bible reading and prayer," frequently as a mere formality before we pro- "One of the best Bible readings ceed with the study and the business we ever had was given by two of the day. There are those, how- women. It was announced 'Our ever, who .make the few mihutes Questions: God's Answers.' One devoted to Bible reading the keynote woman read a list of questions that to which the whole meeting is at- people frequently asktuned. Variety in presentation may be used to impress the message. The "Why should we send missionplans following are suggestive of aries?" "Will not the heathen be how the Sa.11le truths may be pre- saved anyway?" "How much shall sented in different ways: I give?" "How shall we secure mis- sionaries?" etc. The answers given "We always had a different woman as each question was asked were in lead our Bible readings at each meet- the form of direct Scripture quotaing. Then we varied the variety by tions. Such a form of Bible lesson uniformity for a season. One woman, could be given by two groups of whose life was hid with Christ, was girls, one group asking the questions asked to take as her special oppor- in chorus and another giving the tunity the preparation and presenta- answers." tion of a series of Bible studies which should be adapted to each meeting A lesson on "Their gods and our and form a vital and molding part God," not soon t.o be forgotten, may of the day's program. Her Bible be introduced by a woman or a numstudies were short, never going over ber of women in the costume of Inthe brief time allotted. They were dia, giving a description of the Godsimple, without any attempt at dis- dess Kali.* This followed by the play of her great learning. She came reading or reciting of a passage or from the presence of God to us with passages of Scripture which portray a message from Him in a way which the goodness, the love and the mercy made women determine they would of our God,· give us by contrast a. spend more time in Bible study and wonderful, new appreciation of our Father which art in heaven. prayer." "At one meeting a group of young TESTED TEXTS. The relating of the experience of some great misgirls recited the Scripture lesson. sionary in connection with a certain The memorizing of the beautiful text impresses both the story and the passage was a fine thing for the girls text on an audience. themselves, and their clear, earnest A woman who was asked to lead a tones delivered the message in a way devotional period at a cOhvention inthat made a deep and lasting im- troduced the Scripture lesson in this pression. This plan is excellent for a Scripture reading for a public way: meeting in a large auditorium. So "One morning a mother in Blanfrequently the Bible lesson is read by a woman whose voice reaches tyre, Scotland, roused her family at only the front seats. To have the five o'clock. They had been in bed passage clearly recited by a chorus only a few hOllrS, for the son had inof girls' voices led by some one in sisted on staying up all night on that the rear, who has a Bible in hand to last night he was to spend at home. assure absolute accuracy with no His mother insistently led him off to hesitation, is a welcome innovation. Surely when the girls of China mem- * The description of this goddess may be found in many books on India or may be secured from the editor of this de- partment, 2346 W. Grace St., Richmond, Virginia, by sending stamped envelope.

bed as she had done so frequently so unselfish and so inspiring that when he was a little boy. But when while other men sought great things the clock struck five on that memor- for themselves Henry Martyn 'forgot himself into immortal fame.''' able day of November 17, 1840, the mother called all her family. Then Another story which introduces a she put on the kettle and made the Bible lesson from the Psalms is from coffee. As they gathered for the Hans Egede's pioneer voyage to last time in their little family circle Greenland. He and his wife set sail a hush fell upon each heart. Then for that far-away, needy land on the father handed the Bible to his what their friends called a "crazy son and said, 'You read this morn- voyage" on a ship they named "The ing, David.' Hope." For a whole month they sailed about in Arctic waters in sight "David Livingstone's hands rested of the very land they were trying to reverently on that Book which car- reach. Although it was midsummer, ried his commission to go into darkest Africa, as he opened it to select great blocks of ice hemmed them in a passage to read as a parting mes- so they could find no passage-way to sage for each full heart. What should he read? With hopes and land. At last they found what_ fears surging through his own heart, seemed to be a splendid opening with the anxiety and loneliness that straight through. As the ship went might come to those left at home- through, suddenly great ice-bergs what should he read? He turned to closed in all around them. The cap- Psalm 121 and with its message of tain called out "All is lost!" And ever-present companionship he faced the sailors were frantic with terror. the heart of Africa." There was just one quiet, calm man on board. He was the missionary, A series of such texts with similar Egede, who repeated over and over introductions furnishes Bible lessons the fourteenth verse of the one hunfor a convention, for regular meet- dred and seventh Psalm: "He ings, for morning watch groups or brought them out of darkness and for family prayers. the shadow of death and broke their For a student meeting or a meet- bands in sunder."

ing of young people, Jeremiah 45 :5, With perfect trust in the God of with this introduction cannot fail to the Psalmist and his God, he looked impress those making decisions: out on those bands of ice fast clos- ing and prayed that God would break "A single Scripture verse which them in sunder. As the captain and changed the whole life of a man, sailors quaked in fear they could who in turn changed the life of mul- scarcely believe their eyes were not tiplied thousands is surely a Scrip- deceiving them when the icebergs ture lesson for a meeting of students. suddenly drifted apart, and "The When Henry Martyn was a student, he won highest honors in his college Hope" and all her passengers were course. He persistently put aside saved. the caIl that was frequently on his heart to enter the ministry, because The message of the "deathless of the dominating purpose which seven" is a Scripture passage that had taken possession of his life to should be better known. Captain become great in wealth and fame. AIlen Gardiner was not an ordained One day he read the fifth verse of mIssIonary. He was a commissioned the forty-fifth chapter of Jeremiah. naval officer. He made many jour- Over and over the words, 'Seekest neys to South America, and carried thou great things for thyself? Seek ever in his heart the great spiritual destitution of the people he there them not saith the Lord,' seemed to repeat themselves in his ears, until met. With a party of six other men, in he gave his life in missionary service, the year 1850, he sailed for Tierra

BEST METHODS

del Fuego. One of their two launches impressed by the rich blessing that was wrecked, but they went on. At came through the closing keynote. Picton Island, where they had .arranged for a relief ship to land, they With Eyes That See. buried bottles containing directions. White stakes with black crosses Bible study committees that make showed where the bottles were an opportunity survey will find that buried. In the bottles were notes undiscovered possibilities have been saying: "We are gone to Spaniard all around them, and that the bound- Harbor, which is on the main island. aries of a ten or fifteen minutes We have sickness on board; our sup- Bible study in a monthly meeting, plies are nearly out and if not soon which they had thought encompassed relieved we shall be starved." The their work, may be broadened to a days lengthened into weeks and yet field that is boundless. no vessel came. The supply of provisions grew smaller and smaller. In one church several women went Every day Capt!lin Gardiner wrote outside the membership to db what messages to his family and friends they could in promoting Bible study. and outlined a plan to conduct the One of the first calls was on a poor future of the mission for which he old woman who spent most of her knew he was giving his life. Then days entirely alone while her hushe wrote an "Appeal to British band was at his work. She was Christians in behalf of South Amer- sick and almost blind. When the ica." Twenty days after he wrote plap. for regular home Bible study his last message the relief ship came was presented to her she pointed and his body was found lying beside wearily to her eyes. his boat. All of that noble seven had starved to death in their effort "You see," said she, "I can't do it. to give the Bread of Life to South I'm so blind I can't see to' read." America.' On a rock the relief party saw a hand painted and be- Then the visitor saw another opneath it "Psalm 62 :5-8." That was portunity and proposed that her husthe message of trust this "deathless band should read to her at night, and seven" sent back to the world. that she would come back as often as she could to read aloud. The re- A CLOSING KEYNOTE. After the sult was a missionary victory, for program, after the business, just be- both this woman and her husband fore the members separate, a few were led back into the church from impress each member so that keynote which they had wandered far, and a from God's Word is sounded, may great reflex blessing came into the impress each member that that keynote life of the woman who brought the will sound in each daily life until blessing to them. the next meeting. We have regarded a devotional service as necessary for BIBLE STUDY IN A POLICE STAthe beginning of the program only. 'l'ION. "The most inspiring piece of Why not take a few moments at the extension work ever given me to do," closing of our conventions, and our testifies a missionary worker, "was monthly meetings for a devotional in securing Bible study among the thought? We go out from many police force of Atlanta, Ga. For session5"" wearied by our efforts to many days my heart had been bursolve difficult problems, sometimes dened with our neglect of the blueruffled by irritating discussions, in- coated men who guard our cities. stead of taking time to get together When I interviewed the Chief of with God ere we go. At a recent Police in regard to getting the men convention every member present was to promise to do regular Bible read- ing he said, 'You can't do a thing with them, but you are perfectly wel- come to try, if you don't mind being turned down.'''

"When I asked him to lead off by

giving me his name to head the list there. A godly woman, active in he shook· his head and promised with Sunday-school and missionary work, a feeling of perfect safety, 'Not now. immediately consented to take up this When you get the rest of the boys work, supported by her church. One I'll follow.' As I stood before the by one she visited the fire stations, three watches that day as they lined interested the men and placed the up in those strong blue lines, the in- Bible lessons based on the Internanate awe of uniformed authority was tional Sunday-school lessons in their swallowed up in a great longing to hands, as they promised to join' in be able to arm each one of these the study. men with the sword of the Spirit ere he went out to his day of duty ON THE STREET CARS. The~ and of danger. I told them that came a similar request from some there were some of us who wanted one who was interested in the street to add this other weapon to the car employees, and another from the equipment which the city of Atlanta Southern Railroad Shops. Truly furnished them. When I had fin- the work of the Bible Study Comished more than half of the men mittee looms big with opportunity. signed the card for regular Bible There is at least one large business reading and the surprised chief made house which takes thirty minutes of good his promise to join them. the regular working hours-not the time of its employees-to assemble "Jubilantly I went on into the de- everyone in the building, for Bible tective department. Every man tliere reading and prayer. If Christian save one promised to join us in reg- business men and women followed ular Bible reading. It was a great this example, how God's word would experience to be able to place on the be exalted! In other instances there desks of those detectives in unaccus- have been employed men and women tomed surroundings the Word of who have gathered together other God. employees before or after hours or at lunch hour for Bible reading and "One policeman said, 'Since I have prayer. been on the force you are the first person who has acted as if a police- INDIVIDUAL WORK FOR INDIVIDUman has a souL' ALS. The outstanding growth of ]1[0- lammedanism is due, not to the activ- "Another man said: 'I was walk- ity of a few aggressive leaders, but ing down Capitol Avenue one day to the fact that every follower of wearing my helmet with a civilian Islam is a missionary to carry the suit. A little boy rushed to his Koran wherever he goes. There are mother and yelled e'xcitely, 'Oh, many members of missionary sociemother! come see a policeman with ties who have never carried God's human clothes !' 'Sometimes I Word to a single soul. Part of the think,' added he, 'that people think work of the Bible Study Committee a policeman is just a uniform with- should be the distribution of Bibles out a human heart.''' -not in wholesale lots but personally by individuals to individuals. If THE: BIBLE AT THE FIRE STATIONS. every member of a church promised A mother who had two sons who to give at least one Bible or Testawere firemen, hearing of the Bible ment each year to some one who was reading among the policemen, asked not a Christian or to some Christian that a similar work be started at the who was not reading the Bible we fire-engine houses. We wondered would see a marked increase in spirit~ afterwards why missionary women uality as well as in numbers in our banded together to carry God's Word ranks. to the ends of the earth could pass our fire stations day after day without seeing the great opportunity

Says one worker who resolved to are talking much of all men being be on the lookout for individual op- free,there comes to us that great portunities for giving Bibles in the pronouncement on freedom, "Ye way they would mean most: "One shall know the truth and the truth day when we were crowded with shall make you free," as we face the work I 'phoned to a business agency greatest opportunity the church has for an extra stenographer. They ever had to give to a waiting world sent me a beautiful young Jewish the only Gospel of truth. girL As I dictated to her letter after letter concerning missionary AN AFRICAN DEMONSTRATION. work there came to me a feeling that if the winning of souls to Jesus HOW IT WAS DONE IN ONE SCHOOL. Christ were really the absorbing purpose of my life, I would not be The Editor-in-chief of the REVIEW is not able to let this girl go without mak- a theorist on'y but a practitioner as well, in the rea'm of missions. Here is ing an effort to win her. For sever- his story of how he took a Bible School al days she worked with us and on a journey to Africa. when she left she carried in her hand my parting gift which she ac- TAKING a whole Bible School cepted with thanks-a copy of the New Testament." , and their friends on a trip to Africa has proved to be a very Beyond all doubt there are mis- unique and satisfactory method of sionary offices in buildings in which putting an interest in African misthe elevator boy or girl has never sions into the hearts of the young been given a Bible by the busy work- people of the Upper Montclair, New ers who go up and down each day. Jersey, Presbyterian Church. There are students going away to college with no Bible. Even in some First, ten minutes each Sunday of our mission schools there are was given in all the classes for a brief study of the missionary textpupils who have never been given a book, "The Tribe of Zambe," by Bible. One mission study class of George H. Trull. Each teacher had young business women presented a this book, with another containing Bible to every student in the gradu- suggestions for teaching. Some also ating class of a school in Japan, and read one or more of the fascinating the following term they gave a Bible books by· Jean Mackenzie. The to every student entering. Superintendent spent five or ten min- utes at the close of each session giv- In appreciation of a quarter of a ing a demonstration of some fact million copies of the Scriptures dis- related to the study. One day it was tributed among the soldiers abroad, a geography lesson; another day, a General Foch sent this message to language lesson, etc. the American Bible Society : Second, each class was asked to "The best preparation that you prepare an exhibit consisting of can give to an American soldier go- scrap books (with maps and pictures ing into battle to sustail,1 his mag- of Africa), and models of African nificent ideal and his faith is cer- villages. These were made under tainly the Bible." the guidance of the teachers by the pupils at home. Some of the results Is not the best preparation that were clever and fascinating. A little you can give to a missionary soldier village of African huts, made of going forth to war to sustain his cardboard or bamboo or other maideal and his faith, that same Bible? terial, with palm trees, made of twigs and tissue paper, standing in And is not the best method of all molding clay; green blotting paper missionary methods the circulation for land and blue for water, with of the Bible?

In these reconstruction days when a world is being made over and we

small canoes on the bank; hammocks missionary physician. Suggestions made of raffia or twine were strung as to these scenes were taken from between two trees. An African cDDking pDt hung Dver a fire, and the missionary bDDks. A witch doc- SDme small black china dDlls were tDr came in with his head-dress, ratthe picaninnies. tle and medicine charm; sat outside of the hut in which the groaning A cDmmittee was appDinted to. pre- patient lay, and made remarks until pare a prDgramme fDr the SChoDl to. he discDvered where the pain was be presented at a special afternoon located. Then he left withDut havexhibit. This committee Df yDung ing benefited the patient. In CDnmen with their teacher secured the cooperation Df different classes to. trast, the second scene shDwed a give a live demonstratiDn Df the con- missionary physician and nurse in trasts between heathenism and Chris- their white costumes, cleansing ,and tianity in the African jungle. All binding up wounds and giving needthe parents and friends were invited ed medicine which brDught relief. and the rDDm was filled. A large The next two. scenes contrasted number Df curiDs were secured frDm the treatment of African WDmen and the FDreign MissiDn BDard. These children under an Arab slave raid cDnsisted of an African war drum; and under Christian teachers. Afrian African kettle; spears and battle can children (members Df the schDol axes; grass and bark cloth; witch dressed in simple cDstumes) sat Dn dDctDr's head-dress, rattle and medi- the flDDr, while some slave raiders cine; necklaces and bracelets, etc. came in stealthily, armed with battle First on the program, after sDngs axes, spears and whips, captured the and devotional exercises, came a map children, bDund them with chains talk. An outline map of Africa was and led them Dff to slavery. The hung before the schoo.l and the next scene shDwed an African schoDl speaker told briefly of the days of in which the children were being ignorance, when few people knew taught by a missiDnary teacher SDme anything abDut the interior of Afri- simple lessDns in sewing, hDusekeepca; and when tradition said that in ing, spelling, reading and arithmetic. some places men carried their heads These led up to. teaching about underneath their arms. He then "Zambe" (God), Dbedience to Him told of the place of Africa in the and reverence fDr His day. Sugges- Bible, and how Dnly abDut fifty years tiDns fDr these scenes 'were Dbtained ago. Christians' began to try in earn- from the Missionary EducatiDn est to' take the Gospel of Christ to Movement and from books on the Africans. When he mentioned Africa.

the founding of Presbyterian mis- For the closing scene all the chil- sions, an electric light was turned dren who. had taken part in the exon, shDwing the 10catiDn of those hibition gathered together into a grDup, while an African sermDn missions in West Africa. The plaHorm was arranged to from Miss Mackenzie's "An African represent an African scene. Palms Trail" was preached to them. This were hired from a florist. An Afri- sermon told how men had lost their can hut was built by some of the way and how Zambe had sent His boys with the use of a large crex Son to show men the way to Him mat. A missionary tent was put up when they were grDping about, not on the other side of the platform able to find Him.

and an African kettle was hung in The whole programme, with aP- the middle. propriate songs and prayers occu- The first two scenes contrasted the pied about one hour and a half. An treatment of a suffering patient by offering was taken up in each class an African witch doctor and by a for missionary work in Africa.

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by MRS. O. R. JUDD, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Representing the Council of Women for Home Missions.

THE NEW DAY IN CHRISTIAN have changed the status of the men AMERICANIZATION who went out from us as our "for- By Mary Clark Barnes eign-speaking soldiers." Every man of them who comes back will come I N July, 1918, this Bulletin gave a a genuine American, whatever he detailed account of the work be- was when he went out. He never ing done through various denomina- can return to his pre-war status. His tional boards for American soldiers, experiences in these past. months in camps and cantonments, whose have not all been of the trench, or faces were set toward the battle line the battlefield. The spectacular side over seas where the fate of nations of the soldier's life, occupied with'

hung in the balance. Today the air bullets, bombs and bayonets, has is charged with eager anticipation been mercifully limited in point of of the home-coming of more than time. It has dominated the horizon two million men who, having offered of our thought of him. It has given their lives for the supreme sacrifice, new color to his thought of life, of 'tave been spared to do their part in death and of the beyond. He is ;reating new efficiencies among the coming home a different man, a forces that make for righteousness larger man, than when he went away. and peace in the world.

It was a polyglot army that was mobilized among us in our nineteen What of His Home-Coming?

months of participation in the war.

Hundreds . of thousands of our The building of triumphal arches, "American" soldiers went into train- the organizing of processions, the ing camps so unacquainted with the blare of trumpets, the pealing of English language that they were un- bells, the pronouncing of eulogies, able to understand military orders. the presentation of medals, strains of At the command of the government music,-all these will be offered as they dropped the implements of natural expressions of a nation's their daily toil, put on the military gratitude for patriotic service nobly uniform and stood at attention for rendered. But the real home-com- the next order. For multitudes the ing of which every man is dreaming next order was, "Lessons in Eng- is to those who are closest of kin to lish," and that order, preliminary to him. Distance and time and inde- many other orders affecting the intel- scribable experiences have lent en- lectual, moral and spiritual welfare of chantment beyond any known before the men as well as their physical con- t? that constantly alluring anticipa"

dition, has been obeyed. The use of tlon.

mutually understood language, close What are American Christians do- comradeship with American-born ing to make possible the realization men, the .common sharing of common of the fond anticipations of our re- ·dangers in hazardous adventures, turning soldiers who have so recently equal participation in desperate en- been Americanized?

counters which have led to the vic- Shall they who have done their tory which the whole world cele- part in turning back the tide of bar- brates today-all these experiences barism, which threatened to over- 57.

whelm the world, comeback to find ment of Immigrant Education, sent that we who sleep in peace and comfort have failed to make common bulletins to the churches of our cause in common speech with their families left in the little foreign country containing the appeal, "Urge homes in America? each member of your organization to Yesterday discussion was heard of the merits of various definitions of act as 'a committee of one' to induce the term "Americanization." Occasionally some one ventured to en- one non-English-speaking immigrant quire whether a man might not be Americanized without acquaintance of your faith to learn English." with the English language. Whatever the need for response Yesterday was a long time ago by today's standards for measuring to this appeal two years ago, it is time. Yesterday was in the age of monarchies and despotisms. Today manifold greater today. However democracy beyond the dreams even of yesterday's visionaries promises great the need of those of our "own to encircle the globe. Today no one questions the imperative necessity religious faith," it is unspeakably in any nation that they who would preserve their national ideals must greater among those who have no be able to "think together,· speak together and act together for the com- religious faith; and they are many. mon good." Quick adjustment to develop:ng Acquiring the use of the English language is not all (If Americaniza- conditions is registered in the antion, but there can be ,_ A.mericanizaton without acquaintanw with the nouncement that one, at least, of our language of America. Mastery of the language is the master key which strong missionary Boards will require opens doors of interpretation, understanding and sympathy, making pos- henceforth the merging of foreignsible the removal of barriers and the "mutual giving and taking of 'contri- speaking with English-speakng butions from both newer and older Americans in the interest of the churches wherever practicable. It common weal." would be difficult to overestimate the Churches and denominational mis- value of this movement toward the sionary Boards have been pioneers in Americanization work. Until recent promotion of that unity which "deyears they have had almost a monopoly of organized efforts in that pends on community of language and direction. That the sympathetic attitude which expressed itself in pro- ideals." viding ministries for the foreigner in his own language, instead of provid- It is inevitable that hardship will ing for his immediate acquirement of the language of his adopted coun- result to many who must be affected try, has led to segregation rather than to assimilation is now generally rec- by the change. For that reason no ognized. More than two years ago the Bureau of Education of the effort should be spared by English- United States, through its Depart- speaking members of churches to demonstrate that Christian love and sympathy for our non-English-speak- ing people who are loyal and true are in no wise lessened through the sad experiences of these last four years.

Whatever may be done by Boards of education through classes in public schools, by chambers of commerce, by industrial plants and other or- ganizations, the churches have their own unique opportunity for render- ing unselfish personal service in teaching the language and the Christ- ian ideals of our country to the mil- lions among us who are ignorant of both. ' '.1'

Four States in the Union have made legislative provision for teach- ing English to adult foreigners, available only for those under twen- ty-one years of age. The ma- jority of illiterate foreigners among us have passed the age of twen- ty-one years. The most ilIiterat(

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

and at the same time the most neg- THE TUSCALOOSA CONFER- lected of all are the mothers of ENCE little children whose home cares pre- vent their regular attendance at pub- Christian interest and work on be- lic classes even in communities in half of the Negroes has received a which such classes exist. These renewed and powerful impulse be- mothers, "key women" of America's cause of the whole-hearted, loyal future, must be Americanized in devotion with which the young men their own homes, if at all. Many of of that race rallied to the service our newly Americanized soldiers will of our country in the great war. return to homes in which these con- The following report by Miss Eliza- ditions exist. Must their home-com- beth Preston Allan, will therefore be ing reveal to them that American wo- read with thrills of pleasure and men, whose men have been their thanksgiving, presenting as it does comrades in battle, have left foreign- a pattern worthy to be copied wher- born women bereft and alone, with ever opportunity is favorable to the no broader outlook on life than be- holding of similar conferences. fore these days of miracles began? Deeply interesting and inspiring The time is short, but much may was the Third Annual Conference of . yet be done before all our soldiers Colored Women held at Stillman In- can return. It is a time for quick stitute, September 21-28, under the decision and prompt action. We auspices of the Women's Auxiliary have learned to "speed up" in work of the Southern Presbyterian church. for good causes. It is recorded that five million American women have The enrollment of delegates from been knitting and making surgical a distance was more representative dressings in the last year. If each than ever before. They came from of three out of every five will adopt twenty-five towns, in eleven states, one new neighbor and teach that from Virginia to Louisiana, from neighbor to speak, read and write Tennessee to Florida, and this was the English language as patiently, as the widest field we have drawn persistently, as the knitting has been from. done, our newly Americanized sol- diers will return to homes in which The delegates and colored leaders mutual understanding and sympathy were entertained at Stillman Insti- may enoble and sanctify the family tute and the Salem Presbyterian (colored) church of Tuscaloosa life. where evening meetings were held. Let every church have its League The dominant note of the Confu- of Neighbors including American- ence was struck by Mrs. Winsbor- born with foreign-born members on ough in her opening address on Ser- a basis of perfect equality. Let the vice–not merely "social service," returning soldier find his nearest of though that received due notice, but kin registered there and sharing in sharing with others every blessing, neighborly service. His place of en- larging companionship and friendship fir spiritual first of all, and then mat~ outside of his own home will be with the Neighbors League of the rial, which we ourselves have church which has neighbored his family while he has been doing his ceived. share of Good Samaritan service' for The central hour of the day was suffering nations of the world. given to the Bible, and it was in- Suggested programs and other helps may deed a joy to lead such eager, re- may be secured from sponsive hearers in this highest of all studies. The lessons adapted THE NEIGHBORS LEMmE OF AMERICA, themselves to the aim of the Con- ference—uNot for self only, but for 156 Fifth Avenue, New York others," and several blackboards were filled every "day with simple analyses, suggestions and illustra-

tions, which were eagerly transferred sano." The proper care of the baby to the delegates' note books for fu- and growing child was emphasized and illustrated, and many other ture use. Mrs. W. E. Hinds, wife points of home hygiene taught.

of Dr. Hinds, of the Alabama Poly- One' of the delegates was coached technic Institute, brought a message for the part of an ignorant patient, each morning before the Bible hour and we had a thrillingly interesting of threefold import, intensely religi- demons'tration of a nurse's visit to ous, intensely practical, intensely '''ch a one If it had not been so patriotic; just what aU women are pathetically true, it would have been needing today. hugely amusing. Then a precious baby was borrowed from one of our Our colored women are ready to white friends, who lent himself with' be interested in parliamentary law. joyous unconsciousness as an object They listened intently to Mrs. G. B. lesson of "how to bathe baby." Fin- ally our gifted nurse took two chairs, Shawhan, of Alabama, a past master a pillow and a sheet, and presto! the in the art of expounding dramatic- chairs entirely disappeared, leaving ally what might be considered a dry in their place a snowy comfortable subject. There are going to be a crib. number of meetings run in a more business like and therefore more There were daily lessons in Doefficient way among our colored mestic Science, Food Conservation, churches because of Mrs. Shaw- etc. And at one of the evening 'meetings we had a charming talk han's teaching. on the women of Korea, by Miss The most popular class of the Con- Emily Winn of Korea, who was beautifully dressed in a Korean ference was the sewing class. Mr. gown, veil and decorations. John Little generously allowed us to borrow the services of the efficient I can, only mention one other and successful teacher of sewing of speaker: Mrs. Booker Washington the Louisville Presbyterian Colored was the most notable of the Confer- Mission. The delegates crowded ence speakers. One feels the influher class, .and even the visitors ence of her husband in her strong, begged for entrance, partly because helpful, practical messages; in her of women's interest in women's simple, unpretending dignity too; work; partly because the teacher and in her keen and ready wit. had such a winnnig way with her. And this class bore the most quickly In my humble opinion, the most harvested fruit; four women being inspiring influence to every woman pledged to start church or commun- there was not the carefully prepared ity sewing classes immediately; teaching of the white leaders, good others hoping to do so a little later and helpful though that was, but the revelation of what these colored woon .. men were doing, and trying to do for Stereopticon pictures of the Lou- the welfare of their people.

isville Colored Mission, from its They were teaching children who small beginning to its present splen- otherwise would have been forever did usefulness, were shown to a untaught'; running private hospitals; crowded and sympathetic churchful managing orphanages, doing Comof the colored people of Tuscaloosa. munity service, and as pastors' wives, on an invisible salary, keeping Tuskegee sent for two days Mrs. up the religious health of their par- Bryce, their trained nurse, who pre- ishes, besides raising- their own famsented in a most dramatic and tell- ilies and helping all the mothers in ing manner the right of every baby to be well born, and the all-too-uni- reach to raise theirs! versal conditions in poor and ignorant homes (white as well as colored,) which fight against baby's chance for the "mens sana in corpore

FROM MANY

FACTS FROM THE WORLD FIELD think all Americans are like mission- aries. Some StartHng Statistics He says of China: "Every Ameri- T HERE are about 2,400,000 blind can missionary is unconsciously a people in the world. Egypt leads representative of American trade, beall other nations with 1,325 to every cause he usually lives far inland 100,000 of her population. India where the foreigner interested in has 600,000, China 500,000, Japan business never goes, and every article 100,000, the United States 100,000. of foreign production that the mis- In a recent year England had 174,000 sionary purchases in the homeland insane people, 93,000 of whom were and brings out to China encourages women. Ireland had 24,000 and his Chinese friends to purchase sim- Scotland 17,000. In 24 years 90,000 ilar articles. For this reason the allinsane persons were admitted to the too-well-developed tendency among a insane institutions .of Paris. The certain class of American foreign strenuous life of the United States trade representatives to ridicule. and places us in the lead of all nations. belittle the work of missionaries is We have 400,000 insane and feeble- not only the height of ignorance but ninded people. Massachusetts heads a real knock at American ideals, for ,he list with 344 insane persons out if we are to think only of selling of every 100,000. We are doubling goods to other nations we will never the roll of our insane every 16 years. get very far as a world power. If If the present rate continues, by the I were an American business man I year 2301 there will not be a sane would see that every American misperson in the United States. This sionary in China was supplied at conclusion is based on the increase in least once a year with a copy of my the last 40 years. The poverty of the world is so great that 500,000,000 latest catalogue in order that he of our race sleep on dirt floors. In might have occasion to encourage or India there are 60,000,000 who do not know where their breakfast will advise one of his Chinese friends as be found. Twenty million have starv- to the purchase of a sewing machine, ed to death in that country in the an automobile, a gasoline engine, or last 25 years, and 1,400,000 children perhaps a pair of American-made die of starvation every year. shoes." -United Presbyterian. Interdenominational Missions "{'he Missionary a Trade Fwctor T HOSE who wish to contribut( T HE value of the missionary as a toward missionary work along promoter of commerce has often union or interdenominational lines been pointed out. A new statement is found in a recent article in may reach almost any corner of the- Printer's Ink by J. B. Powell, who also gives an interesting reason why earth with their gifts. The follow- American firms should exercise great care in the choice of foreign-trade ing is a list of some of the non-derepresentatives, namely that for the last fifty years America has led the nominational evangelical missionary world in the number of missionaries sent out and the natives, who have agencies: . seen no other foreigners, are likely to AFRICA: Africa Inland Mission.

North Africa Mission.

Nile Mission, Preso, Cairo.

South Africa General Mission: Sudan Interior Mission.

Sudan United Mission.

Egypt General Mission.

Nile Mission Press.

JI

CHINA: China Inland Mission. ian, Charlemagne and Alfred." In Christian Literature Society. nearly every part of the British Em- pire provision is made for children INDIA:· Indian Christian Mission. to learn the ten commandments dur- Zenana Bible" and Medical Mis- ing school hours. In South Africa, sion. Cape of Good Hope, Bible reading is required in the public schools, and LATIN AMERICA: Evangelical Union the Lord's Prayer, the Twenty-third of South America. Psalm and the ten commandments Inland South America Mission. are committed to memory. The Central American Mission. same is true in the Transvaal. West- ern Australian school regulations JAPAN: Japan Evangelistic Band. read "Scripture teaching is allowed GENERAL: Scripture Gift Mission. and the Ten Commandments are memorized." The Salvation Army. British and Foreign Bihle So- When one compares these customs with the lack of Bible teaching and ciety. the recognition of God in public American Bible Society. schools of the United States the con- American Christian Literature So- trast is not encouraging.

ciety for Moslems. Suuday-Schools Gain In 'Foreign Fields Woman's Union Missionary So- DURING the past year the 8,257 ciety. Methodist Episcopal Sunday- The Mission to Lepers. . Schools on the foreign field have World's Sunday School Associa- had a total enrollment of 379,363. All the fields report a definite gain, tion. but in India the progress is the most Soldiers' Christian Association. marked. Not a single Sunday-school in India shows a loss in any partic- Upturn 'l'raJllc Reviving ular; instead, the total gain is 682 schools and 14,656 pupils. REV. E. W. THWING, Secre- tary of the International Reform In the Philippines a growing teach- Bureau, writing from Bangkok, Siam, ers' training movement characterizes says that the curse of opium is flour- the work. During the period of ishing there. Millions of dollars are 1915 to 1918, when there has been received annually from its revenue. special supervision of this field, a Many public opium dens are also to gain of eighty-five per cent was made be seel'! on the streets of Singapore, in the Methodist Sunday-schools of and the government there realizes a the Islands. large revenue from its sale. From Singapore, opium is being smuggled Affairs of Zion into China. Word comes from Egypt that large fields of opium have been AMERICAN Jews are taking the pl~nted th~re; in ~orea it is being lead in plans for the political Widely cultivated thIS year and India policy and control of the proposed produces great quantities of it and Jewish Republic of Palestine. At an is seeking a market. This letter is executive conference in which Justice a startling revelation at a time when Brandeis and other Jewish leaders it seemed that this evil was a thing took part, three million dollars was of the past. asked for the construction of three great harbors on the Mediterranean, Public Schools and the Decalogue for rebuilding ruined towns and the forestation of the land. This sum is NEW ZEALAND public schools to be raised by a personal tax upon are to be supplied with charts every member of the Zionist organicontaining the ten commandments, zation in America, the first national which, as Dr. Wilbur F. Crafts asserts, are "the basis of our civil, as well as our moral and religious life, the decalogue being the. very corner- -;tone of the great codes of Justin-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tax Imposed' upon Jews in 2000 grof).ps in the homes of the foreign years. people themselves; Five million dolla. J is also being 2. Introducing fine American wo- raised for the Jews in Russia. A men to old-country women who are Hebrew congress met in Philadel- eager to know what real American phia in December to discuss the womanhood stands for; future of Jews in the world. 3. Opening centers for friendli- In spite of chaotic conditions in ness, advice, information and pro- Russia the Zionists of that country tection; have already collected 25 million 4. Cooperating with relief agen- rubles for the work of building up cies abroad in tracing the broken this new· state which is to be called families of refugees from Poland Judea. All of the 8000 Jewish sol- and Russia, and connecting them diers now in Palestine are pledged with relatives in America; to remain as a nucleus of a national 5. Protection against the exploi- army and there are, it is said, 50,000 tation of foreign women in munition American Jews in Egypt on their factories; way to join them. 6. Frinting literature in what- It is interesting to find that there ever languages are needed which will has been a run on the stock of the further the education of foreign American Bible Society, by Jewish women.

purchasers, showing that an interest has awakened in the Old Testament National Prohibition July 1st prophecies of their native land. ON November 21st President Wilson signed the Emergency NORTH AMERICA Agricultural Appropriation Bill, with Missionary Administration its legislative rider providing for na- PROBLEMS of admini:;tra'tlOn tional prohibition from next July 1, were the most prominent feature until the American Army is demobof a meeting of the Commission on ilized.

Missions of the American Board Secretary Daniels was one of those which met at Hartford, Conn. It who favored the bill on account of was reported that of every dollar ex- the fact that after sale of intoxicants pended for missionary work only ten around naval establishments had been cents is required for maintaining stopped, the output of the workmen executive and publicity departments, increased.

the remaining ninety cents being de- Unless the Presidential proclama- voted to direct missionary .efforts. tion under the Food Control act' is A recommendation was made to rescinded, the prohibition amendment establish a retiring age for officials will affect only the manufacture of of the various Boards at sixty-eight wine, for the brewing of all beer for men and sixty-five for women. ceased on December 1 under the A study of relations between national President's proclamation. The man- and state missionary organizations ufacture of whiskey was stopped was also made, as well as the ques- soon after the nation entered the tion of higher education under war. Under the amendment the church auspices. manufacture of wine will cease next For Foreign Women in America May. The United States may be dry by THE War Work Council of the National Board of Young Wo- constitutional amendment less than two years hence. In January or men's Christian Associations has February of 1920, it is believed that been working for non-English-speak- the prohibtion amendment to the ing women along the following lines: Constitution will go into effect.

1 Teaching English in small A tabulation makes plausible the

assertion that the United States will in the new department of the Cen- be bone-dry within two years: tenary, entitled War Emergency and Dry States……………….. 27 Reconstruction. President William Weamt eSntdamteesntwIh.ic.h…h.a.v.e…r.a.t.if.i.e.d 5 A. Shanklin, of Wesleyan Univers- ity, is Chairman and Bishop Theo- Wet States electing legislatures in dore S. Henderson, Executive Secre- 1918, with a majority of popu- tary.

lation dry………………. 3 The Bishops have approved the addition of $5,000,000 to the Cent- Total ………………… 35 enary requests to meet the demands That makes a total of thirty-five of this emergency.

States, one less than the necessary The work of the new department three-fourths of the States to secure is divided among three Bureaus: ratification. But look at the reserves 1. War Emergency, to continue in the way of wet States from which the work of the War Council as re- the prohibition amendment can draw: lated to the Army and Navy, and California, Connecticut, Illinois, Ne- the war production centers.

vada, New York, Ohio, Penn~ylvania, 2. Reconstruction Work at Home, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Wyoming. which will concern itself with the Can anyone doubt that in those ten returned soldier, his education or re- States at least one can be found education, the care of orphans, etc.

which will join in ratification? 3. Reconstruction Work Abroad A College Course tor Church Workel'li which includes the relief of immedi- CHURCH problems as a course of ate suffering, the restoration of study is now offered the students property, the care of orphans, the at Cornell University. This new de- extension of schools and chu·rches partment is made possible by a gift wherever opportunity offers. of $50,000 from Dr. J. E. Johnson, an alumnus, to endow a chair for WeUare Work for Negroes Practical Christianity, "for the teaching of the principles to all the rela- WHEN the representatives of the tionships of life in each succeeding American Chain Company of generation throughout all time." Virginia were prospecting with the idea of establishing a million-dollar This year the course is being con- plant near Norfolk they were advised ducted by Prof. R. N. Miller who is not to employ Negroes on the ground giving a course in Rural Sociology; that they are unreliable, shiftless and one in Urban Sociology, with special indifferent. It was claimed that they reference to church problems in are unwilling to work more than country and city, and a course on three days a week if they can thereby the Church and the Community, in earn enough to satisfy their immediwhich will be considered the points ate wants. Before reaching a deof contact the church may make with CISIOn in the matter a conference community life. Supplementary ad- was called with several of Norfolk's dresses are given by outside leaders. public-spirited Negro citizens, among There is of course no doctrinal teach- them a successful physician who ing in these studies and they might argued that each employee be CQmmore truly be termed sociological pensated just in proportion to his· than religious. They are good so far service, while the employer must give as they go, but need the Christian a return commensurate with the motive and goal to make them pro- service he has a right to expect. "If ductive of permanent results. a man lives in an unsanitary house, and is only a day ahead of the bill Methodist Reconstl"lllction Work collector," said this doctor, "what real :notiv~ c~n .he have for being The National War Council of the anythmg but mddrerent toward his Methodist Church has been merged employer's interests ?" Largely

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

through the persuasion of this pro- cle on "The Lumberjack's Need," ap- gressive physiCian the employment of peared in the November Review, Negroes as chain makers was at- suffered heavy loss from this disas- tempted as an experiment. It has trous fire. His home, library and proved a notable success because of valuable manuscripts were destroyed, the disposition of the company to and he and his family only escaped provide every facility for making by taking refuge in a well. His the living conditions of employees mother and a four year old daughter satisfactory. A well-equipped, mod- died as a result of injuries received.

ern dormitory is provided, with re- A Home tor Students In Salt Lake Cit)' creational and educational facilities, A but the outstanding feature of the MERICAN Methodists, as one part of their Centenary Procompany's attitude is its concern for the health and moral welfare of its gram, have secured a site in Salt workers. The workers themselves Lake City on which they plan to . have organized a club for social, build a church and student house to literary and religious development, meet the needs of Christian students and frequently invite speakers to attending the University of Utah, address them. Their fine spirit and .and the Mormons who have broken devotion have a wholesome influence away from Mormonism.

in the community.-The Southern Methodist General Oonference In Oanada Workman. THE quadrennial meeting of the Forest Fi1'es In Minnesota Methodist General Conference T ENS of millions of dollars dam- in Canada was held last November age, more than a thousand peo- in Hamilton, Onto This Conference ple burned to death, dozens of towns is the highest authority for united wiped out, and whole forests reduced Methodism in Canada, Newfoundto ashes, was the terrible toll of the land and the missions under its difires which spread over Northeast rection. It is composed of about Minnesota last October. four hundred delegates, both min- isters and laymen. Duluth was threatened by the fire from two directions and was saved A striking feature of the recent only by a sudden shift of the wind. conference was the decided radical- The Duluth Red Cross opened the ism of the delegates from western Armory, secured the churches and Canada in matters relating to de- nominational activities and methods. the court house, and commandeered One phase of this was the proposal all the private automobiles in the city. to admit women to equal privileges with men in every sphere of church All the organizations in the State life, including the ministry. This worked together with the most per- resolution failed to get the necessary fect harmony and efficiency. The two-thirds majority, but in all other result was an organization for relief respects women were accorded the same privileges as men. of fire sufferers which has hitherto never been equaled in time of dis- Work Among Mexicans In TeIaB aster. Cooperation by the religious forces of Minnesota helped very ma- M terially in making the work of the EXICANS have been pouring into Texas in a steady stream Red Cross effective. The loss of life will never be during the last few years. It is esti- known. The fire burned with such mated that there are now 600,000 of intensity that in some places whole them, and they are still coming. A acres of forests were reduced to black few years ago people in the United ashes. States were lamenting the fact that Rev. Thomas D. Whittles, the the new Mexican constitution seemed Presbyterian missionary whose arti- to put insuperable barriers in t1.4

way of missionary work in that LATIN.AMERICA country. Now the difficulty is swept away by the people coming to us, and Progress in Cuba more work at less cost can be done than by sending missionaries into T HE year 1917-1918 has been Mexico. It is much easier to induce marked by unusual activity in the people to attend services, now the Cuban missionary field. Rev. that they are freed from. the domi· Ezequiel Torres conducted an evannance of their priests and the old gelistic campaign lasting three months superstitious atmosphere. One in- and the results have been far-reachcentive for earnest work among them ing, particularly in Placetas, where a is that many will return to Mexico, campaign has since been launched to and will carry with them the im- secure funds for the purchase of a pressions received. building site, and, if possible, the erection of a church building. The Japanese in America outstanding feature of the campaign in Caibarien was the conversion of ONE hundred thousand Japanese the town's wealthiest citizen. Many are now living in the United in the political and business circles States; all but five thousand in the are becoming believers or sympath- Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast izers. districts, and nearly a hundred thousand more in Hawaii. By agreement The educational work is literally of the Japanese Government, immi- clamoring for equipment and teachgration is now rigidly limited to ers. In Cardenas, the income rewives and children of previous im- ceived was sufficient to pay the salmigrants, and to students, teachers ary of a missionary and ten native and merchants. teachers, meet all incidental expenses and boast a deposit of $400 at the One-sixth of the Japanese here are end of the year. In other centers native-born Americans. Many of proportionate results were equally those who come from Japan would marked. welcome the opportunity to be naturalized. They admire Washington The Earthquake In Porto Rico and Lincoln, and are anxious to learn the language and the ideals of T HE severe earthquake which their adopted country. wrought such damage in Porto Rico on October 11th, in no way Hard-working, ambitious, progres- injured the mission buildings of the sive, they are rapidly adapting Protestant Episcopal Board in Maythemselves to the social and moral ae-uaz. They are still firm and instandards of America. More than tact. A great deal of damage, howhalf of them are farmers and farm ever, was done to St. Luke's Hospilaborers. They have efficient social tal, Ponce, and it will require $6,000 organization and aggressive leader- to make repairs. This is the hosship, scarcely equaled by any other pital which was built by Bishop Van group of the newer immigrants. Buren some years ago and has since been enlarged. A most promising There are seventy-eight Japanese work is carried on there, and friends Christian churches in the United of Porto Rican missions are most States, with fifty-two hundred mem- anxious to make the necessary rebers; also a strong interdenomina- pairs immediately, and reinstate the tional missionary organization, large- work which has had to be discon- Iv supported by Japanese themselves, tinued for the time being. for supporting- and exterMing the workof their churches on the Pacific Some of the mission buildin~s of Coast. Many Christian papers and the Presbyterians were injured and I agazines in Japanese are edited by the Baptist seminary in Mayaguaz the pastors and. widely circulated. was thrown down.

-The American Missionary.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Reaction Toward SpirUllality in Pera children, and are fast becoming the dominant power in the land, both in "ANEW spiritual tendencv is now numbers a'nd influence. Colombia is to be noted among the thinkers the great Jewish republic of the near future. of Peru," says Dr. Webster E. Browning, educational secretary of Chile is as long as from New Yor': the Committee on Cooperation in to San Francisco and as narrow as Latin America. When Dr. Brown- Lake Erie-truly a "shoestring reing arrived in Peru the first thin!S public." She is squeezed tightly behe did was to dedicate a chapel. He tween the mountain range and the was warned that the Catholics might coast. Her cities look up to thf' create a disturbance, but nothing c' hills and down to the sea, with, a, the kind happened and a few days Arthur Ruhl puts it, "the Andes later one of the local papers gave hanging like a beautiful drop-curtain space to a write-up of the dedication, at the eastern end of every street." the article beginning as follows: Chile contains twenty-four province~. "Pastor Browning, inventor of fam- and the largest province is big enough ous pistols, inaugurated the new to hold all Pennsylvania, Vermont, chapel." Rhode Island and Massachusett~. The Chileans are the Yankees of Dr. Browning met many of the South America, aggressive, keen, educated and influential men of Peru, making fortunes from nitrate, erectand testifies to their eagerness to ing a chain of wireless stations from discuss philosophic and religious the near-tropical north tip of the problems on every occasion. One Chilean "shoe-string" to the Antarcman of vast wealth, grandson of the tic south tip, and preparing for Panfirst president of Peru and a leader ama trade by expending twelve milof the aristocracy, gave over three lion dollars on port and dock imhours' time to an earnest conversation provements. with Dr. Browning on matters of religion, and he was particularly EUROPE well-informed. Plans for Post-War Evangelism Another notable that received Dr. Browning was the Minister from N extensive evangelical move- Ecuador, who said to him: "I am A men'· is planned for France and delighted to hear that there is even. a Belgium with the cooperation of possibility of your opening evangeli- Presbyterian, Methodist, Lutheran, cal work in Ecuador, and I promise Baptist and Reformed churches. The my personal help at once so far as I first step taken looks toward the can give it, and the help of my raising of $300,000 to reconstruct friends in Quito, to whom I shall and re-establish Protestant churches take pleasure in recommending you. in those countries, and to aid the Such work if properly carried on churches until they can become selfwould mean the salvation of my supporting. Following this, similar country, especially of the vouth of work is to be done in Italy, Russia the land. Let me know if I ':an be and other countries concerned in the of service." war.

Chile and Colombia A Remarkable Bible Class COLOMBIA is twice as large as FIFTY years ago a layman started Spain, and many times as prom- a Bible class in a humble kitchen ising. The most progressive ele- in Rutherglen, Scotland. A dozen ment in Colombia is not the Spanish years afterwards it was transferred, population, or the natives, but a J ew- at the request of the minister and ish people called Antioquians who session, to the W«,;st United free have Old Testament names, raise Church, where it still meets on Sunfamilies of from twelve to thirty day afternoons. The mf'mbership is

700, and the founder still conducts some trade that would restore them it with aU his first enthusiasm and to the rank of breadwinners. Men energy. Many thousands of lads and without legs, men without arms or girls have come under his influence. hands, men whose throats have been He has molded for good the lives shot through and who can never of countless individuals. Who can again speak above a whisper, men estimate the value of the service with arms minus elbow joints-all which this Christian man has ren- stages and varieties of deformitiesdered to his community and to the flocked to him to learn some new cause of Christ? His name is Sam- work or to be taught how to do their uel T. Baker. former work handicapped as they were. M. Chastand is at once a -Presbyterian Witness. religious and mechanical genius, without anxiety as to patent rights, The Salvation Army in France and he has invented startlingly origi- nal appliances to supply deficiencies THE Salvation Army has backed of nerve and muscle, as well as up the heroism and sacrifice of laboring week after week to meet the soldiers in France by deeds of the spiritual needs of all. His school loving ministry. soon attracted the attention of the government, however, and it pre- First of all, the Salvation Army is sented M. Chastand last year with rendering a service to the wounded, $50,000, so that the school could with the help of thirty-five ambu- move into an adequate plant from lance cars sent to France by General the former crowded and inconvenient Booth. Already they have carried quarters. over 100,000 wounded men. – We all know how at home the The Outlook for the Czecho·Slovaks uniform of the Salvation Army stands for something very clear and HISTORY will reveal how crucial definite in the realm of religion. At has be.en the aid of the Czechothe front the same holds good. Slovaks in winning the war. Picture them trekking across Russia and Si- Those sent out by the Salvation beria, an army in tatters, their feet Army are uniformly converted Chris- bound up in rags; eighty per cent tian men and women, and in addi- of them university men; carrying a tion to humanitarian work they are library for each company and pubdoing their very best to keep up lishing a daily paper of eight pages the salvation end, and to point men during their "anabasis"! living on dogs, cats and frogs, and even eating to Tesus ·Christ. the grounds of their coffee, they nevertheless kept inviolate the prop- In the huts the Salvation Army erty of every village as they marched. workers have, perhaps, their largest Then forcing their way to Vladivoopenings for demonstrating the prac- stok, they captured the Siberian railtical value of Christianity. Weary way, and even sent armies to the and footsore, caked with mud, Western and Italian fronts. Now stained with blood, soaked often to the they are reaping the fruits of their very bone, the _ soldiers cross the sacrifices. Their independence has threshold of the Salvation Army been recognized, their National huts knowing that there they will Council organized and a President meet with the kindliest of -welcomes; chosen, Prof. T. G. Masaryk, who knowing, too, that hot tea and well- was at one time associated with one cooked food awaits them, and that of the Moravian Mission parishes in any service which they may require Bohemia. will be cheerfully rendered if it is in human power to give it. A memorable event took place on October 26th in Independence Hall, For Handicapped Soldiers THE director of the McAlI Mis- I sion at Nantes, France, M. Chastand, started a school for mutilated soldiers, where they could learn

NEWS FR':::M MANY LANuJ

Philadelphia,. and however authorita- the suggestion is being openly dis- tive it may prove to be, there is no cussed from the highest political mo- question of its sentimental value. A tives, and not merely in connection platform of democracy, framed by with Zionism. The considerations representatives of eleven mid-Euro- urged are those pointed out thirty pean peoples under the leadership of years ago in connection with Ameri· the Czecho-Slovaks, was signed in can educational, philanthropic and the room where our immortal De- missionary institutions in the Otto- claration of Independence was sign- man Empire; we were completely ed. Sitting in the chair in which outside the political intrigues and John Hancock sat when he signed jealousies of Continental Europe, the Declaration, Prof. Masaryk at- we had complete' separation of tached his name to the document.· Church and State, we were too far Then followed the ringing of a new away to entertain any designs UpOI Liberty Bell, cast for the occasion, Turkey's territory. British say th,,>!

to be taken later to Europe and Americans are the ideal missionar- treasured, probably in Prague. Their ies for Turkey.

great danger is from the spread of "Is it in God's plan that now tIt atheism and materialism. United States is to serve both the M;OSLEM LANDS people of the Holy Land, the Allied Armies and Distress in Syria nations, and God's ancient and Chosen People the Jews, ·through AMEMBER of the Presbyterian some responsible.connection with Mission in Syria describes one that country at the eastern end of aspect of the war in that unhappy the Mediterranean, the Keystone land: Land of the world?" "Twice Syria and Palestine were swept clean of men and animals; Descendants or the Crusaders? twice the Turkish armies were driven across the sands of the desert; and AWOMAN missionary in Arabia twice they returned, broken and dis- gives this interesting account of comfited, adding to the sorrows and the Sulibis, a queer, gypsy-like tribe, awful distress of the dwellers in the living beyond the Bedouin encamp- Holy Land. Among the pitiful pre- ment outside of Kuweit. "They parations for these two expeditions are not Muslims and are despised by was the collection in Syria of all the Bedouins as unbelievers, beggars the empty oil tins and burlap bags; and thieves. Their origin is not very the ·tins to carry water over the clear; they may be descendants of desert, and the bags for wheat and the Crusaders. They tell us that our food for the mules and camels. The grandfather and theirs were brothtins were then to be used in the ers, and that they are therefore our crossing of the Suez Canal in making sisters. They say that they are of our possible rafts and pontoons, and the religion, the religion of the Crucified jags were, if necessary, to be filled One, but when questioned they do with sand and finally to be used in not know anything about Him. They building a causeway." ask us to teach them, to give them white dresses, and food, and money, America and Palestine because we are their sisters. The desire for food and coppers is gen- REV. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, erally greater than that for re- D. D., says that when he was ligious teaching, and questions about in London he was "surprised to· hear, dress and customs interrupt every in circles that were authoritative, that attempt to teach them, but, we trust the American Government might be that the Holy Spirit working in their asked to assume a sort of protector- hearts will in time cause them to ate over Palestine; but now that we hunger and thirst after righteous- must sit at the Peace Conference, ness, till they learn once more to

b~lieve in Him whose name they ~oing over the titles and general sub- claim to bear (crucified and Sulibis Ject matter of all the books. The are of the same root or derivation in prin~ipal ~ersian merchant bought a Arabic) and receive from Him in Persian Bible. Gospel portions form place of the stunted, wretched lives the bulk of the Scripture sales.

they .live at present, the abundant There is absolute freedom of speech life that He is ready to give them." in the shop and the colporteurs de- The Gospel and the Moslem MInd c.lare they can say anything they WHAT might be called a labora- like. There are three kinds of peo- tory study of the reaction of the Moslem mind to Christian teach- ple who visit the shop first, those ing, in order to determine how the Cospel may best be presented to who come merely to argue and show Mohammedans, was made in a mis- o'Yfif~1 their le~amrnainnyg; second those who talk subject' except re- sionary hospital in Arabia, and is !JglOn, which they refuse to cdoimsceusts~' '(~ported by Paul W. Harrison in the and third, those who really ) .oslem World. learn what our religion is. The arguers are easily in the majority. There are from fifteen to twent) "The plan was to have some as- regular frequenters of the shop outpect of the Gospel presented to each side of those who come to read the patient, in a personal, friendly way, Arabic newspapers and to look at every day, and to have the results the war pictures in the Illustrated cf every such interview recorded. London News. At the end of the year, the records '

were studied and the results tabulated, INDIA The Gospel was presented in various The Woman's Movement T ways. What might be termed the HE woman's movement in the East owes its initiation to Chris dogmatic presentation was attempted; the parables were arranged in an tian teaching. Christian educaton order of a sort, and the Gospel pre- have opened the eyes of Indian leadsented by means of them. Records ers to the fact that Christ is the of all these personal interviews , source and head of aJl that advance- '.':2re kept, and it could not be said ment they are striving to attain, and that anyone of them seemed espe- everywhere enlightened members of cially suited to the Moslem mind. Hindu society are alive to the ad- vantages of educating their women. Courteous, somewhat bored atten- In writi~g to an English friend, the tion was the rule real interest the ~aharam of Bhaunagar said, referrare exception. "We did find one particular aspect nng to the work done by English of Christian truth, however, which women during the war: really seemed to penetrate deeper "The state of our women in India than anything else, and to rouse not looks the more pitiful by contrast. only interest, but something deeper. . . . It is high time that not only 1 his was what might be termed the the Rajput but all Hindu women mystical aspect. We are inclined to were somehow lifted out of the darl abyss of ignorance saon'dfulilndooflenolcde~ believe that the progress of the but their minds are Kingdom of God, in Islam, will be hastened by putting less dogmatic fashioned ideas, prejudices, and su- theology, and more of Christ's own perstitions that no amount of preachmysticism, into our preaching of the Gospel to the Moslems." ing, teaching, or persuasion seems to <jelling Scriptures in Arabia have any effect on them. I'laitmtl~ how- ever, trying to do my bit.'

The Rajput girls' school that I had I Kuweit, two prominent Sheikhs long been contemplating was opened _ purchased complete Arabic Bibles, last March and is working well."

aud one of them spent two hours -C. M. S. Gleaner.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A Magazine for the Women of India cess of all the more important fann operations is supposed to be d~­ WOMEN missionaries in the Te- termined by the stars. For thIS valuable infonnation he asks what . lugu area have started a maga- he will, and woe unto the farmer if zine for women called the Viveka- he does not give it. His curse may. vathi to meet the demand for litera- blight the finest crop. ture 'suited to women. It is in the vernacular and all the contributors India's farmers make gods of are women. The subject matter in- their plows and worship them. When cludes news of current events, notes all the seed has been sown there is a on the care of children, on household regular worship of the grain sieve economy, on medicine, po~try an~ ~a­ and sacrifices of food are made to ture stories, but the tone IS Chnstlan it. At a great religious festival, through and through. which all farmers observe, a woman takes a broom, supposed to terrify Native Evangelism evil spirits, and beating about in every corner exclaims "Food abide, T HERE is increasing evidence and poverty depart." that Christianity is being proclaimed and extended in non-Chris- To a pious Hindu all life is sacred tian lands by the natives themselves. and man has no right to destroy The spirit of evangelism is growing any creature. Millions of bugs eat in both China and India, prompting the farmer's plants but he must not the native Christians to seek out touch them. The porcupines dig up their friends and acquaintances and his few potatoes. The mischievous bring them to Christ. monkey climbs his palm trees and pelts him with his. own cocoanuts In Sholapur, India, a sewing so- when angry. Even the deadly snakes ciety is attended by fifty or sixty may crawl near his house and be treated to milk of which they are women, who are making clothes for very fond. All these animals are the poor of the Christian community, supposed to contain the souls of but primarily getting acquain~ed some of their ancestors. A sleek, with the methods of work whIch fat bull will quietly walk up, take have been .found most effective in his fill and be driven off by no one. He is sacred and to kill him would evangelistic campaigns. In the same be worse than killing a man. He locality five weekly Bible classes are goes where he likes, eating when conducted for women who would and what he wants. He often eats otherwise have no opportunity for all the grain and vegetables that a systematic Bible study. This work poor woman has carried miles to has already been productive of re- market on her head, and who is too sults, for several of the women have terrified to drive him away. gone on preaching tours. The value of this personal work consists not It is said that Britain's greatest only in its influence upon othe~s, asset in India is the missionary, but in its development of the Chns- whose service in making known the tian life of the workers. freedom of Christ's Gospel has a steadying influence on these restless Farming in India people teaching them how to lay aside fear. 11~.TEanAdR the small village temples shrines of India are al- A Notable BaptJsm ways to be found some of the so- WHEN a clergyman of the Indian Church baptizes a once proud called "holy men," living on friendly Brahmin and a low-caste Chamar woman, .standing side by side at the terms with "sacred" snakes and monkeys. These "holy" men have much influence with the farmer. They are supposed to be able to foretell the future and are in constant de- mand to fix the best date for sowing and harvesting the crops, as the suc-

font, one may well feel that Chris- that this was the first time a Chris- ti:mity has taken a vital hold on the tian hymn was sung before a group people of India. This was the ex- of Buddhist priests assembled in perience of Rev. J. S. C. Bannerjee, official capacity. Perhaps this song the Indian missionary of the Church of a land better than their sacred Missionary Society at Bulandshahr, books could ever tell them of, might North India. He reports also the find a lodgment in their thoughts.

.vbaptism at the same time of a -The Presbyterian. aishya, and says 0 f him: "The Vaishya had been a secret CHINA inquirer for the last ten years. Latterly he began openly to call himself Destruction of Opium in Shanghai a Christian and occasipnally attended our church services. He was hin- THE Peking Government has dedered from baptism because his stroyed the remaining stocks of opium in Shanghai in deference to mother's request to him was not to Anglo – American representations. cut himself off while she was alive, Three hundred chests have been sold, he being her only son. Three times and 1,200 burned in presence of the she came and made such a wailing Allied representatives, the Governand crying that he had to go back ment making a virtue of necessity. with her. But he finally took his The production of opium and the stand, _and we received him into the use, of it has, however, been much Christian Church. At first the more prevalent under the .lax disci- :l1other was very angry and threat- pline of the present Chinese govern- ment.

ened him with disinheritance. But Giving the Church First Place we made it a matter of prayer, alld A PRESBYTERIAN missionary in Shantung province writes: "In she was soon reconciled, and de- one of the villages where a few years ago the only Christian family cided to live with him. He has now had been severely persecuted, the village elders had now made argone to live with her at their home, rangements with the Christians to and is making a bold stand for -c. Christ." M. S. Gl-eaner.

SIAM AND LAOS unite the heathen village school with A Tableau In Starn our Christian school and have all the pupils study together, using the PHRA CHOW SURUYABONG- Christian curriculum and observing SA, chief of Nan Province, our worship customs. Six of the Siam, was a friend to the mission- nine acres of land belonging to the aries, and when he died last April temple were to be used for the sup- at the age of eighty-eight the native port of the teacher, the remaining Christians asked permission to offer three to become the meagre support condolence. His aged sister asked of the Taoist priest, living in one if they intended to worship when of the temple buildings, the temple they came, and on being informed to be opened each year only on three that they did not she added, "I heathen festival occasions.

thought perhaps you might sing." "In another village special services It was a strange scene that was were held to dedicate are-built enacted -in the throne room of the church earlier torn down by the chief's palace, where two long rows flood which destroyed that village.

of Buddhist priests in their yellow For awhile the people used rafts; robes gathered to say their mass for and for weeks after the disaster they the dead. In the midst of burning waded around barefooted and with incense a little group of Christians cold, swollen limbs. Finally when stood and sang "There's a land that they planned to build their houses, is fairer than day." It is safe to say the native pastor–caught there for

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

twenty-one . days and supposed by The Church of the Lofty Friend- his family to be drowned-suggested ship offers a simple course of in- that they ought to build the Lord's struction which enables them to ex- house first, which out of their great press themselves. Classes in em- poverty they did. . broidery have been formed and Chinese Girl Becomes Evangelist through that one woman who had been leading an aimless life became A GIFTED young Chinese woman, interested in Bible study and is pre- granddaughter of a viceroy of paring herself to be a teacher in the Canton and daughter of a sub-vice~ church school. In this church are roy of Nanking, was one of the also a cooking class, a children's Christian workers in the Eddy cam- club and story hour and three Bible paign. classes for women; one for older "She was brought up in luxury women who are Christians; one for with six slave girls of her own. older women on probation and one After a normal course she went to for younger women on probation. a Christian college to learn English. The last named group is composed Hating chapel and Bible periods she of those who took a stand for Chriswould smuggle in Chinese novels to tianity in the Eddy campaign.

read surreptitiously at these times, Bandits Test of Christians and was given over to all the trivial A Methodist missionary in Kutien vulgarities of cigarettes, playing- tells how even brigandage may cards and the like. She planned to be used "to the furtherance of the engage in literary propaganda against Gospel." He writes: Christianity, but one day was convicted of sin and realized the pres- "The robbers who are over-runence of the living Christ. She im- ning the country are careful not to mediately set to work among her molest Christians, and in many places relatives. Her mother, bitterly anti- the people are coming with their Christian and an opium smoker of goods for protection. In order to thirty years' standing, together with test them the person is required to eleven other members of the family repeat the Lord's Prayer or the were, after some months, converted. Apostles' Creed, or to answer ques- Daily this gifted young woman is tions from the Bible or catechism. witnessing with great power for the If a satisfactory knowledge is shown, Lord." the victim is counted a Christian and released. The result is that a knowl- A Chinese InstitntionaI Church edge of Christian truth is spreacl and the Gospel is brought to the r CHINA, as well as the United States, is realizing the benefits tention of many who would ne of institutional churches. In the hear of it otherwise." Siong-In Dong Church, (Church of the Lofty Friendship) Foochow, a JAPAN-CHOSEN Conference of Federated MiSsions T new type of work is being tried out HE Conference of Federakr' Missions of Japan, representin with marked success. The women's department is changing some of the most of the Protestant work in th: ideas of upper class Chinese women, country last year extended over fou.

teaching them some of the joy of days and a half and seventy dele- service, and exercising a democratiz- gates with two hundred visitors were ing influence among them. Few of present.

these women can read or write and It was decided to send to the when their husbands go away-as Foreign Missions Conference of many of them do on business in North America an appeal for aid, other countries-they cannot receive and meanwhile to raise a temporary or send letters. loan for the Finnish Lutheran Mis-

sion, which has been entirely cut off Korea,n Church Diligent in Business T from their home base by the war. H,E Church holds first place in Action was taken to set aside one the thought and affections of missionary to carryon definite work Korean Christians. Their presbyfor social reforms. teries meet twice a year, the dele- The circulation of the newly re- gates travel long distances on foot, vised Japanese Bible is to be pushed. many requiring two or three days Besides being a more accurate trans- to reach the place of meeting and lation it is in better literary style than rarely is there an absentee. Consethe former. Arrangements were also quently, the attention to business is made for the production and distri- very thorough. They concentrate bution of other Christian literature. their thought upon the work in hand Intensive Training for Japanese with a devotion characteristic of all JAPANESE students have such their service to Christ. In addition different surroundings from those to the delegates a much larger crowd in America that the general at- is always in attendance to listen to mosphere of Christianity is wanting the proceedings, and the consciousas a background. Hence it is neces- ness which the officers have of the sary that Christian schools should importance and influence of their be inspirational rather than academ- position is an incentive to fidelity. ic· practical rather than theoretical. They are, moreover, seldom in need It'is hoped that Presbyterian, Meth- of asking a foreigner for guidance odist and all denominations at work in methods of conducting church in Japan will combine their educa- business.

tional institutions, so that no effort AFRICA may be wasted in producing centers Fltcts About the Congo of influence that will inspire as well as instruct; and that greater special- A RECENT missionary conference ization may become possible in the at Luebo in the Congo was attheological training. tended by seventy-three delegates who represented eighty-one mission sta- -Japan Evangelist. tions-the largest General Congo Conference ever held. In all, there Missionaries and Democrlttic Ideltls T HERE are reasons, apart from are fourteen societies at work in the purely evangelistic ones, why Congo, and missionary activity there missionaries should continue to work has entered upon its fortieth year.

and live in Japan. The American The Gospel is being preached in missionary has a role to. playas in- nearly forty languages; translations terpreter of the noblest ideals of of the Bible have been made into democracy. A Japanese Christian, nearly all of them. The British Bap- Prof. K. Demura, says that the dem- tist Mission has a constituency of ocratic idea is quite misunderstood 20,000, and there are extensive mis- in Japan, that it is considered identi- sions of American Baptists and Pres- cal with socialism, and that the mis- byterians, the Swedish Church and sionary is needed to represent it, by other organizations with encouraging his life and character, as a funda- statistics to show.

mental principle of brotherhood. The Luebo Church, in which the Furthermore, Prof. Demura points cOllference met, has 8,000 members, out, the missionary has it in his and has reached a degree of self-de- power to develop in the Japanese velopment that is remarkable. Since consciousness an international spirit, the future hope of the Congo people which will go far in correcting the lies in the cultivation of the soil, the chauvinistic nationalism surviving in need for agricultural training was Japan and promote the friendly re- emphasized. The medical session lations of Japan, China and America. was also helpful. The day devoted

NEWS FROM MANY I.,ANDS

to "occupation of the field" brought Bound By New Ties out the fact that comparatively little of the Congo has as yet been occu- T HERE has been a strong feeling pied by missions, and that a vast of enmity between the people of area is still uncared for. the. coast and the people of the in- Well-Informed Christians in Luebo terior in Africa since tihfethwisahr~tbreudt it begins to look now as would disappear. All along the T HE following information from coast of the Kamerun there has been the Congo should set at rest all doubts regarding the standards of such scarcity of food that the mis- Christian intelligence which Africans attain before becoming church mem- sion has been compelled to buy rice bers: and try to keep the people from ac,- tually starving to death, and it is to the Bulus that these hungry people As far back as 1914 it was re- are looking for aid. Rev. W. C.

garded as a conservative estimate Johnstone says: "The Lord has ways th~t as many as 5,000 out of a popu- of doing things of which we would latIOn of 20,000 under the jurisdic- not have thought. It seems now that tion .of the Church at Luebo could when things get normal once more read the Bible for themselves and the !nterior and the coast people wir1 hundreds of these could write' in a be III a more friendly relationship fairly creditable manner. It is fair than ever before."

to assume that the number now able Grim Heathenism to read has reached from 7,000 to AMISSIONARY of the Meth- 8,000. . odist Board at Kapanga, Congo Among 15,000 communicants it is Beige, sends a picture of grim heathestimated that 12,000 can recite more or less perfectly the Westminster enism as seen in that field. The fa- Shorter Catechism, with all of its 107 questions. Among the Bakuba, vorite wife of haMdwdaitead,Yoamndbo~hithlee who possess more intelligence than Luunda king, some of the tribes, thirteen more questions have been added to the the bereaved husband lay on the catechism. floor and wailed, a wild and tumul- tuous riot went on over the meat of two cows, slaughtered to feed the hundreds of sympathizers who had Before an applicant can be ad- flocked in. In a shed outside the mitted into ful.l church membership, fence sat all the other wives, some he must COlrurut to memory, besides twenty in number, and several hun- the Sho~ter Catechism, the first, dred Luunda women, with the dead twenty-thIrd, thirty-second, thirty- woman sitting in a chair in the cen- seventh, and fifty-first Psalms the ter of the group. All night these entire Sermon on the cMhaoputenrt~' the wOJ?en sat, sm~king great pipes, third and fourteenth of wh!le the dead wife's mother sat on J~onhdn.,thtehethtiwrteeleftnhthchcahpatpetrerofofRoImCaonrs~ the ground and held her feet. In still another part of the premises a Illthlans. After all of this has been hideous heat~en dance was in prog- cr.editably recited, the applicant is ress. MeantIme, an enormous wood- stIll kept on probation for a period en box was being prepared and the of three months to' show by his con- burial took place the following after- sistent life that he understands what noon. What went into the box be- he has learned, and the seriousness sides the body the missionary did not of the step he is about to take. know, but sixteen men were re- Where else in the world is found quired to carry it to the grave. When such a high standard required for admission to Christian citizenship? it had been lowered into the ground all the dead favorite's possessions were thrown in on top of it -pots -The Missionary Voice. pans, dishes, chairs and m;ts, but

first they were smashed with an ax ers sent out have been delayed by lest some one be tempted to open the the withholding of passports, but grave and get them out. Then the when they arrive it is expected that earth was filled in, a red and white an entire reorganization of the Mis- flag planted at each end, and on top sion forces will be made. a big blue dishpan and a raised um- breHa-this last to signify that it THE ISLANDS was the grave of an important per- sonage. All was quiet for six days, A Model Community then native doctors were summoned to give the poison test to determine T HE Island of Culion in the Phil- who had killed Mwata. ippines, a segregation camp for lepers, has earned the right to pro- The African thinks no one ever claim itself as a model in sanitation and progrfessive achievement. Nb dies naturally; some one has always other city of the Philippines, not even excepting Manila, can in any killed them either by poison or witch- respect equal the sanitary record of craft. When these witch doctors all Culion. As a result of effective arrived they grouped the people in a quarantine regulations, small-pox, circle, while the doctors stood in the diphtheria, typhoid and cholera are center holding a basket in which had altogether unknown. One hundred been placed some rubbish and a dead per cent of the population use safe lizard; and as each person looked water and sanitary methods of sew- into the basket, the doctors were sup- age disposal. posed to be· able to detect the guilty one, and say "It is you." The vic- In spite of the fact that the en- tim never questions that he has tire community is composed of [ep- caused the death, and neither does ers, and the government furnishes anyone else. In the present in- enough food for everyone, from stance the missionary was on hand, ten to fifteen per cent of the people with medicine, just in time to pre- have taken up farms and sell their vent the giving of the poison, and products to the municipality. They although the king resented the inter- have even offered a first and second ference, matters finally quieted down, prize for the best locally grown and doctors and people dispersed. foods. 'l'his community has brushed aside the handicap of being a colony Nyassa Industrial Mission of affiicted folk, supported by the government, and has succeeded in .3' standing as a shining example to other localities. EVERYTHING points in the di- rection of wider missionary ef- -Mission to Lepers. fort in East Africa. Christian work has been maintained throughout the OBITUARY NOTES four years of war, and there is a firm conviction in missionary circles Miss Margarette Daniels that the ranks of workers will be increased by recruits from among the A LIFE of active Christian servic~ men who have seen through the was brought suddenly to a close campaign in German East Africa. by the death of Miss Margarette These men have been working for Daniels on October 3. Miss Daniels the Kingdom of God as well as for was a daughter of the late Dr. their country, and the results have C. H. Daniels, former secretary strengthened the cause of missions. of the American Board, and Mrs. Daniels, president of the Congrega- Two new lines of work have been tional Woman's Board of Foreign decided upon; one the commence- Missions. She was a member of the ment .of a campaign in Portuguese editorial staff of The Congregation- . East Africa, the other an extension alist and Advance. of the work for girls and women in Nyasaland. Some of the new work-

RECENT BOOKS ON . organizations concerned with inter-

HOME MISSIONS national Jewish affairs.

A List QY Rlv Alfred wms. Anthony "Why Prohibition!" Charles Stel- zle. ($1.50-Doran.) "The Religious Foundations of A book so lifted out of its class America," Charles I…. Thomp- son. ($1.50-Revell.) by its breadth of view, its com- A statement of the rehgious mo- mand of new and telling facts, and its fresh style as to become a contives and characteristics which were tribution to Home Missions. given to the country in its discoyery, exploration and settlement. "The Church and the Great War," Worth M. Tippy. ($1.00-Re- "Frontier Missionary Problems." veil.) Bruce Kinney. ($1.00-Revell.) A description of the home ac- A discussion of five problems: tivities of the church in response the Indian, the MornlOn, the Mi- to the challenge of war-necessities. grant Mexican, "our own kith and kin" in the west, and methods of "Outline Studies on the Problems evangelism suited to the west. of the Reconstruction Period.

"Christian Democracy for America," A pamphlet prepared by a special David D. Forsyth and Ralph W. committee. Published for the Social Keeler. (75 cents. The Metho- Service Commission of the Presby- dist Book Concern.) terian Church. This pamphlet of 39 pages, deals with thirteen prob- A study of American democracy lems either created by the war or from the point of view of the lifted by the war into special promchurch in terms of the rural situa- inence. tion, the immigrant, the city, the Negro, the modem forms of church ALFRED WMS. ANTHONY. activity, the Mormon, the Latin- American, the Oriental, and the "Our Church and Our Country," dynamic power given in the person Burleson. (50 cents-Domestic of Christ. and Foreign Missionary Society of the Episcopal Church.) A book dealing with the early "The Jewish Communal Register days of the Anglican Church in 'of New York City," edited and the territory of the United States published by the Kehillah ($2.50- and the history of the Episcopal Jewish Community) of New York Church as a missionary agency, City. especially in relation to the develop- An exhaustive and comprehensive ment of American Citizenship.

epitome of the Jewish agencies in New York City characterized as "The People of Tipi Sapa," Olden. ($2.50 – Morehouse Publishing follows: religious, educational, rec- Co., Milwaukee, Wis.) reational and cultural, economic, mutual aid, philanthropic, correc- An account of the religion, cus- tional; coordinating, standardizing toms and folklore of the Indians, and research; central and national especially of the Dakotas' or Sioux.

organizations having constituencies in New York City, and American "His Star in the West," Giles. lDo- n

mestic and Foreign Missionary valuable from a technical point of Society of the Episcopal Church.} view. Stories for older children based upon fact and drawn from mission- "America in the Making." M. E. ary work among Indians, Negroes Ravage. ($1.50-Harper Brothand southern mountaineers. ers.) WM. C. SfURGIS. Written by a Jew; valuable; shows the revolutionary and an- "In a Day of Social Rebuilding." archistic tendencies of the foreigner, Lectures on the ministry of the which become modified as he be- church. Henry Sloane Coffin. comes Americanized. ($1.00-Yale University Press.) Discusses the local church from "Straight America." Frances Kel- lar. (60 cents-Macmillan.) the standpoint of evangelism, worship, teaching, organization, pas- A valuable treatise on Americantoral care and leadership. ization.

"The Church and tne City." An "True Faith and Allegiance," account of Home Missions and Gustav Olinger. (Macmillan.) Church extension in New York Presbytery. (25 cents-Board of Describes the assimilation of the Home Missions, Presbyterian foreigner up to naturalization. Church in the U. S. A.) Describes the work at Labor CHARLJ;:S A. BROOKS.

Temple, Jan Hus Neighborhood The Christian Conquest of America. House, and at other centers. By Ralph Welles Keeler and Ellen Coughlin Keeler. (Metho- "The Gospel for a Working World." dist Book Concern.) Harry F. Ward. (60 cents-Mis- sionary Education Movement.) A thorough-going, popular dis A sympathetic account of the cussion of Methodist Episcopa Home Missions with the present· condition and needs of labor from day program outlined and emphathe point of view of religion and sized. the church. The Challenge of Pittsburg. By "Aims of Labor." Arthur Hen- Daniel L. Marsh. (Missionary derson. (50 cents-Huebsch.) Education Movement.) Includes "Labor and the New A survey and analysis of Hom!' Social Order," a report on recon- Missions in the home town. Of struction by the sub-committee of great value in its suggestiveness. the British Labor Party. An Introduction to Rural Soc- WILLIAM P. SHRIVJ;:R. iology. By Paul L. Vogt. (Ap- pleton.) "The Immigrant and the Commun- ity." Grace Abbott. ($1.50- A book needed by all who WOUIO Century Company.) grasp the significance of the task of A most important book, built Home Missions in rural comml'-;- ties. up on ",,00 mf'thods, stimulating,

MISSIONARY

RECENT FOREIGN MISSION BOOKS WORTH NOTING.

By PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Professor of Missions in Yale University.

The Encyclopaedia Sinica. By S. Coul- those directly missionary-such a ing, M. A. Shanghai. Kelly and volume, for instance, as the "Re- Walsh. 1917. London: H. Milford. port on Indian Constitutional Re- !~'" forms," vitally affects all the mis- 1918. sionary work of that great and The Treasure of the Magi. A Study of Modern Zoroastrianism. By H. J. Moulton. London: Oxford Univer- sity Press. 1918, populous Empire. It describes what the Viceroy and Secretary of State The Pilgrims of Hawaii. By Rev. and for India call "the greatest political experiment ever undertaken in the Mrs. O. H. Gulick. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918.

"The Least of These"-in Colombia. world's history." Missionary re- ports are also omitted, notably By M. N. Williams. New York: Secretary S. G. Inman's "Christian Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918. Cooperation in Latin America,"

The Power-House at Pathankot. By M. J. Campbell. Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Missions of the United partly because they describe what Presbyterian Church. 1918. was done in 1917, and partly be- cause they do not belong to the A Prince of the Church in India. class of literature under considera- By J. C. R. Ewing. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918.

Underwood of Korea. By his Wife. tion. Only one volume in the following New York: Fleming H. Revell Com- pany. 1918. list can be classed among great mis- Dr. Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. By sionary publications. It is Mr. Coul- F. W. S. O'Neil, editor. 2nd edition.

London: James Clarke and Company. ing's "Encyclopaedia Sinica," con- 1918. fessedly a reference book, but de- spite its omissions, its unevennesses Tohoku, the Scotland of Japan. By due to its many contributors, and C. N oss and associates of the Mission Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Mis- sions Reformed Church in the United its being a pioneer effort in this States. 1918. World. line, it is a most commendable The Christian Crusade for and H. and valuable Democracy. By S. E. Taylor compilation. An E. Luccock. New York: Methodist manner of things Chinese are set Book Concern. 1918. forth here, some at length and too many of them so briefly that they He;rs Together of the Grace of Life. only whet the curiosity to know Benjamin Broomhall, Amelia Hudson BroomhalI. By M. Broomhall, M. A. more about them. The naturalist, London: Morgan and Scott. 1918.

The Call of a World Task in War the geographer, the merchant, the literary man, the student of reli- Time. By J. Lovell Murray. New gions, the Board secretary and the friend of Missions will find accur- York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. 1918.

THE year's output of missionary ate, interesting and up-to-date books is far below the average Chinese material in this admirable in amount and quality, largely-and volume. especialy in Europe-because of Out of many books dealing this war conditions. From some sixty year with the faiths of mission books of the year of which the fields only one has been chosenwriter has personal knowledge a Prof. Moulton's "The Treasure of few are here selected, though quite the Magi"-though at first thought possibly other books more valuable it might not seem as valuable as are omitted. several others, especially the Uni- Many volumes have an indirect versity of Pennsylvania's volume, influence upon the foreign en- edited by Prof. Montgomery, "Re- terprise of far greater moment than ligions of the Past and Present," Unlike the latter, this book nating to the reader of some years by Prof. Moulton was written from ago. a distinctly missionary viewpoint, and is by a specialist of the highest Though Mrs. Williams diseminence. The volume belongs to claims any attempt to write a mis- "The Religious Quest of India" sionary volume in her fascinating series, and as such these chapters pictures found in "The Least of on modern Zoroastrianism sympa- These-in Colombia," she is the wif( thetically point the inquiring Parsee of a Presbyterian missionary and to those Mobeds of their national is in charge of the Collegio Amerifaith who of old saw Bethlehem's cano in Bogota. Her abilities as star in the East and wended labor- a writer remind one of Jean Maciously thither to worship its won- kenzie, though without her use of drous Babe. While the author native modes of thought. The series might not agree with the Jesuit of South American stories have to theologian who characterized this do with ,servants, pupils and acfaith as "the highest religious re- quaintances, in a background beautisult to which human reason, un- fully filled in by one who has eyes aided by revelation, can attain," to see and a pen to sketch truly his friendly reference to the older and sympathetically. Here we have. and higher teachings prepares the in a volume that reads itself, the Parsee to accept his final chapter in story of what missionaries are do- ing among peoples already nominwhich the excellencies of the Chris- ally Christian. tian religion are summed up in' a "The Power-House at Pathankot" divine and alluring Love. is used as a study class text-book Leaving technical and reference by United Presbyterians, but one finds that, after reading a chapter, books, the remaining volumes the rest of the volume is so absorbing of the list are intended for that it cannot be taken in weekly the popular use of a wider instalments, but must be read constituency. When the first through at a sitting, Miss Campbell missionary set foot on Hawaii tells of a sort of missionary work in less .than a century ago it was the Northwestern India which so inabode of savagery just awakening terested the government authorities to its need of light and knowledge. that they bestowed upon her the Fifty years later their inhabitants Kaisar-i-Hind medal. Bigoted and had been evangelized and educated. antagonistic Mohammedans an.-l and Hawaii was Christian. How Hindus rallied around her as lead this came about through the labors in the temperance reform. T of American Board missionaries is secret which enabled school git.~ here somewhat prosaically told by and teachers, seconded by the conchildren of the pioneers, themselves vinced community, to perform civic honored agents in the great trans- miracles. was the brick church at formation that prepared the Islands Pathankot, where prayer was unfor statehood in the American ceasing and believing and where nation. History, biography, Chris- the "Band of Love," men's Bible tian dynamics and missionary class and others bound themselves statesmanship are all found here. together to be workers with God. Mr. and Mrs. Gulick, as representa- Prayer in action built a temperance tives of "Pilgrims of Hawaii," hall and won to that cause and to speak with an authority and in- Christ Moslem, Sikh and Brahmin; timacy that some other works on it secured the cooperation of offi- cials; it brought to that section the Islands do not possess, but Sundar Singh, the wonderful Sikh the book lacks the imagination and freshness that made Belle Brain's "Transformation of Hawaii" fasci-

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Apostle of '!the Bleeding Feet"; and and subsequent Christian conse- in general it proves the thesis, cration and training transformed his "Faith faughs at obstacles. Let life into an instrument of grace us ask our great God to do great and power. This story of one of things." Read it and believe as the pioneers in Korea has its thrills.

never before in prayer. Dr. Underwood was also a par- Among the missionary biographies ticipator in the evolution of Korea of the year is one by the veteran into Chosen. His wife has hardly India missionary, President J. C. R. done justice to the part she played Ewing of Lahore. It tells the life- in the Korean Mission, especially story of "A Prince of the Church in in the early stages when, as the India," the Rev. Kali Charan Chat- Queen's physician, she had won- terjee, D. D. This representative derful opportunities to influence Christian, born of a proud Kulin and aid those in Court life, more Brahmin father appeared in Ameri- than any other missionary, perhaps.

can pulpits half a century ago and Dr. Underwood was instrumental later received the degree of Doctor in establishing the Nevius plan of of Divinity from Edinburgh Uni- missionary effort, which has much versity. This too brief, yet dis- to do with the phenomenal progress criminating biography, tells of his of Christianity in Korea.

breaking away from caste and home, Another life, story that ranks of his early student days which led first among all the missionary biog- the convert to turn away from the raphies of the year in simple, naive Church which had won his earliest int~ate style is "Dr. Isabel Mitch- allegiance because it would not ell of Manchuria." This rare Irish allow ·the ordination of an Indian lassie, the daughter of a Belfast Christian on a parity with foreign- Presbyterian minister, early took ers; it describes his long and emi- such an interest in literature that nent services as a teacher and pro- she longed to enter the University fessor, and his crowning work as as an Arts student; her vivid imag- pastor from his ordination in 1868 ination reveled in pictures of boys to 1903 when he was chosen Mod- and girls of other lands, and her erator of the First Presbyterian Gen- soul was thrilled by the stories of eral Assembly to convene in India. great missionary pioneers. "Francis The power behind this humble of Assisi, kneeling before the cru- Christian was revealed in a state- cifix, saw the Crucified and at the ment written in his seventy-first same time heard the weary call of year, in which he stated that the. many lands." So this maiden saw decision to renounce Hinduism and Jesus and longed to carry His life cast his lot with the despised Chris- and exhibit something of His pas- tians was the doctrine of the sion for souls to Manchuria. After vicarious sufferings and death of winning four medals and two prizes Christ. This sketch of a great life at Queen Margaret College in reveals what it costs to be a Chris- Glasgow, affiliated with the Uni- tian in India and what one man can versity's Medical Department, she accomplish. went to Manchuria. The story of The accomplished scholar, preach- her life and work there is toM er, educator and leader of the mainly in fascinating and realistic Presbyterian Mission in Chosen- letters. From the blue of the beau- and of all Protestant work there- tiful Mediterranean in 1905 to th,~ is adequately portrayed by the one last letter written to her mother who knew him best in, "Underwood on Feb. 15, 1917, life leaps for of Korea." At four years of aKe sheer joy through her correspond- the child resolved to become a ence. Medicine was her work, a missionary, and his British blood wholly modem Sunday-school was her recreation, and chi I d r e n day-school and Epworth League (Chinese quite as much as little members for forward movements in Pat O'Neil) were her heart's love. the centenary program of that Church. This volume will not Of the mission study text-books stand the test of being continuously published during the year we re- read, for it is a series of unit apgretfully omit comment upon Miss peals, each intended to rivet the Burton's "Women Workers of attention of the reader separately the Orient" and Mr. Willard upon great, appealing facts in con- Price's "Ancient Peoples at nection with each of the various New Tasks,"-both exceedingly fields of the Methodist Church. As valuable books in the depart- most of the non-Christian world ment of industrial progress as passes under review this volume related to miSSIOns. We call makes one see, rather than imagine, attention to N oss and his collab- the needs and golden opportunities orators' "Tohoku, the Scotland of of the mission world. The book Japan," because it gives the best is part and parcel of the most recondensed account of a mission's markable system of publicity and environment, missionary conditions promotion that any Board has proand Christian activities and accom- duced in any land. For this reason plishment, without losing itself in this volume is useful almost solely dry details annalistically stated. It for the denomination issuing it. would be hard to surpass that section dealing with missionary opera- A volume between missionary tions (chs. V-VII) in any missionary biography and promotion is Mr. volume on the Empire except Dr. Broomhall's "Heirs Together of the Cary's "History of Christianity in Grace of Life." The author's father and mother were in a minor way Japan." Despite the smallness of to the China Inland Mission, whose the Board of Foreign Missions of home secretary the 'father was for the Reformed Church in the United States, it has some rare mission- many years, what General and Mrs. aries, and their best work is found William Booth were to the in the northern part of Japan's Salvation Army. As the sismain island. Since 1885 this par- ,t.er of Hudson Taylor, the ticular Mission has done great Mission's founder, Mrs. Broomthings, especially in the direction of hall, was an untiring hostess to evangelization and education. It is missionaries and candidates, a zealextremely gratifying to find such ous reformer, and a power of the clarity, human interest, denomina- same spiritual and dynamic sort as tional charity and cooperation, her brother. Her husband was a modernity of method and adaptation prodigious letter writer and left his to the moods and needs of a mark on humble Christians and sensitive, rapidly developing people members of Parliament alike. so winsomely set forth in a book Incidentally the book is a revelintended for young people's study ation of what a Christian famclasses. One wishes Dr. Noss ily should and may be. The could undertake a similar text- author's modesty causes him to omit one of the great contributions book for all Japan. of his parents to missions-the Great skill and effectiveness fact that most of their six daughters characterize "The Christian Crusade and four sons have been devoted for World Democracy," a text-book directly or indirectly to China's uplift and redemption, the biogprepared by the Senior Secretary rapher himself being a power in the of the Methodist Board of Foreign editori~l and literary field, after Missions, Dr. Earl Taylor, and Mr. rendering a fruitful service in China. Luccock. Its immediate objective is to awaken and prepare the Sun- Laymen's Council of the New Era Movement The Laymen's Council completes the organization of the New Era Movement. In addition to the Council the representation consists of committees from General Assembly Executive Commission Ten Boards and Agencies Women's Boards Church-at-Large The executive officers of the movement include the Moderator and Stated Clerk of General Assembly. The executive committee includes the executive officers and representatives of component organizations.

THE LAYMEN'S COUNCIL CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTATIVE PRESBYTERIANS Henry P. Crowell, Chairman, Chicago. William' Livingston, Detroit, Micb. Hon. ThomasR. Marshall, Washington, D. C. Henry Leland, Detroit, Micb.

Gov. Charles S. Whitman, Albany, N. Y. Emory W. Clark, Detroit, Micb. Gov. James P. Goodrich, Indianapolis, Ind. Fraocis S. Phraner, Summit, N. J. John T. Manson, New Haven, Conn. Cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago. Alexander R. Nicol, New York City. J. B. Forgan, Chicago. Edwin M. Bulkley, New York City. John V. Farwell, Chicago. Arthur Curtiss James, New York City. James H. Post, New York City. Frank J. Loesch, Chicago. Robert J obnston, St. Lows, Mo. James N. Jarvie, New York City. James B. Welch, Kansas City, Mo. Alba B. Johnson, Philadelphia. John Wanamaker, Philadelphia. Nelson H. Loomis, Omaha, Neb. Charles L. Huston, Coatesville, Pa. D. D. Dayton, Minneapolis, Minn. Robert Garrett, Baltimore, Md. John Porter, Spokane, Wash.

A. H. Whitford, Buffalo, N; Y. William M. Ladd, Portland, Ore. W. A. Rogers, Buffalo, N. Y. Robert Dollar, San Rafael, Cal.

D. S. Alexander, Buffalo, N. Y. A. H. Johnson, San Francisco, Cal. William A. Harbison, Pittsburgh. John Willis Baer, Pasadena, Cal, Wilson A. Shaw, Pittsburgh. D. B. Gamble, Pasadena, Cal.

James G. McNary, El Paso, Texas. E. R. Brown, Dallas, Texas. Sereno P. Fenn, Cleveland, Ohio. Wilbur P. Manley, Sioux City, Iowa.

The Council, though an advisory body, has already taken a very active part in the operation of the New Era Movement. It held its first meeting at general offices (I 56 Fifth Avenue, New York) November I9, with a representative attendance and perfected certain plans and made other recommendations which vitally affect the stability of the movement.

THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT. of the Presbyterian Church ID the U. S. A•• 156 FIfth Avenue. New York.

:Pie… mention Tlill MlSillONAIIY !UVlllW 01 TBJI WOJU.D in writina' to advertisert Missionary Personals-Missionary Review REV. JAMES L. BARtON, D.D., Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. will head the Commission to Turkey sent by the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee. This is in no sense a political mission but is a practical demonstration of America's interest in Turkey and the races that make up that nation. Other members of the party include DR. W. W. PEET, treasurer of the American Board at Constantinople; PROF. EDWARD C. Moo~ of Harvard University and P~s.

J. H. T. MAIN of Grinnell College, Iowa. They expect to sail early in January.

MR. WII,I.IAM M. DANNER, American Secretary of the Mission to Lepers, is one of a committee of five appointed to select a suitable location for a national leprosarium to be established in the United States. The money is already assured by the American Government.

REV. CHARI,ES L. GOODEr.I., D.D., well known as a successful evangelistic pastor of the Methodist Church, has been elected Executive Secretary of the Commission on Evangelism of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.

DR. W. E. MACKI,IN, who has served the Christian Missionary Society in Central China for thirty-three years, is in America for his furlough year.

Mll J. ERNEST McAFEE, formerly Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, has begun his new work as_ Corresponding Secretary of the American Miissionary Association, succeeding Dr. H. Paul Douglass in this office.

BISHOP A. P. CAMPHOR, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, recently arrived in America after a two-months' journey from his home in Monrovia, Liberia. He came by way of France, and while there preached to the colored labor battalions at the front.

DR. JOSEPH L. -JOHNSON has been appointed by President Wilson as Minister from the United States to the Republic of Liberia. Dr. Johnson is a graduate of Howard University and has been a successful physician in Columbus, Ohio.

DR. HOWARD A. BRIDGMAN, Editor-in-Chief of The Congregationalist and Advance, has recently returned from his visit to Fnance. He speaks in the highest praise of the various welfare organizations at work there.

MISS Y. NANDAMA, a recent Christian Indian graduate of the Woman's Medical College of Ludhiana, North India, is now an assistant in the Woman's Hospital at NelJore.

REv. G. M. BRINK, D. D., of the Baptidt Home Mission Society, has accepted the position of General Secretary ot the Baptist Publication Society.

COWNEr. GUNPEI YAMAMURO, the well-known Japanese Salvationist, has been appointed a member of a cabinet committee in Tokyo to advise the Government in matters relating to prevention of poverty, protection of children and kindred problems. Of the eighteen members of the committee Colonel Yamamuro is the only representative of a religious organization.

MR. W. J. 'EI.I.IOTt, a banker of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, has been elected Treasurer of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension.

DR. FRANK L. NEIlI,D, the former principal of Bareilly Theological Seminary, India, died on October 26 at Hartford, Conn.

DR. JAMES M. TAYI,OR, of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions, has returned hom a visit to the mission fields of the Far East.

DR. EDGAR P. HII.I., Professor of Homiletics and Applied Christianity in McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, has accepted the secretaryship of the new ~~ Ed~ation Board of the Presbyterian Church.

MRS. SAIto, wife of the Secretary of the Tokyo Y. M.C. A., has learned both English and Japanese Bmille (for the blind). She is now teaching the system to prospectiv.e teachers and is also promoting a Japanese National Library for the Blind.

MR. 'UEYAMA, a converted Buddhist priest, is devoting his time to the teaching of more than a thousand students at the Osaka Y. M. C. A.

-MRS. C. V. A. VAN DYeR, the oldest missionary of the Presbyterian Board in point of service, died in Beirut, Syria, on August 18, at the age of 92 years. She was appointed a missionary in 1840 with her husband, who was famous as a translator of the Bible into Arabic.

REV. LYNDON S. CRAWFORD died recently at his home in Trebizond, Turkey, where he had been a missionary of' the American Board for more than thirty-five years.

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SOME OF THE :GOOD THINGS IN THE JANUARY NUMBER THE NEW OUTLOOK FOR THE NEW yEAR ……………. Prof. D. B. Macdonald, D. D MOHAMMED WITHOUT CAMOUFLAGE. , ……………. Canon W. H. T. Gairdner, M. A SHEIKH MAKHAIL MANSUR-AN APOSTLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rev. J. G. Hunt, D. D SAINT WORSHIP IN TURKEY ………………………… Rev. George E. White, D. D THE ORIGIN OF THE MOROS . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . ' . . . . . . Judge Lobingier REAPING THE HARVEST TODAy ……………………………. Rev. W. T. Anderson THE WANING OF THE CRESENT …………………………… Rev. Charles T. Riggs PRESENT CONDITIONS OF ISLAM IN CHINA …… , ……………… Mrs. A. H. Mateer Published by THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING Co.

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Please mention TH-J: MISSIIOONNAARRYY REEVvUn:;Ww OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers Important Items of news from the present number of the IU:VIJlW, suitable for use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings The great closed land of Tibet is now open to missionaries of Christ. Three reasons for this change are the weakening of Chinese influence in Tibet; the "Younghusband Expedition" and the visits of Tibetans to foreign countries. Instead of open opposition to missionary work there are now assurances of hearty welcome and even of assistance. (See page 18) '" '" '" The war in many vital ways will aid the cause of missions in India. The five million or more Indians serving in various capacities in connection with the British campaigns will return home with a new world vision of social and religious reforms, and with a determination to put them into effect. (See page 21) '" '" '" The Zornitza, oldest Bulgarian newspaper extant, has been an important factor in promoting the Protestant movement in Bulgaria. While treating all subjects from an evangelical staudpoint, 'it has not been sectarian and has avoided attacks on 'the Orthodox (Greek) Church. Thus a great deal of genuinely Christian leaven wt>~ked its way into Bulgarian Society. Copies sent to villages wtle read aloud at cafes, then were passed from hand to hand until each copy reached many people. (See page 25) '" '" '" The temperance cause has made great progress in Bulgaria. Many temperance so- .

cieties have been organized and an extensive literature has been created and sent to every school in Bulgaria and Macedonia. Bulgaria will probably be the first Balkan State to adopt temperance legislation. (Ses: page 25) * * * In Sonth Africa, neither industrial training nor social service can better the con- dition of the natives until the problem is settled of the native's relation to the land. The government has withdrawn, at least temporarily, its "Native Land Act," a law initiated in the interests of the European. New legislation must now give the natives a fair share of the land, and security of tenure as rapidly as they prove themselves able '" '" '" to make effective use of such land. (See page 32) Aristocratic K. uweit, on the Persian Gulf, where live the bluest of the blue-blooded Arabs, is wide open to the Gospel. On Sunday mornings, the Christian church is so packed with Arab men and women that some must stand on boxes at the windows. Recently a young descendent of Mohammed confessed Christ and is being educated to preach the Gospel.

'" * '" Industrial corporations, such as the Westinl!house Brothers and the Du Pont Powder Company, have invested millions in Y.M. C. A. buildings, eontribute generol1sly toward annual maintenance and pay several hundred thousands for the support of extension work. Larg-e amounts are g-iven by the employees themselves, thus making the Associations industrial program a mutual welfare enterprise. (See page 40) * * * The Brazilian government has recently sent twenty-seven students to the United States to take courses in ag-ricnltnre, forestry, sanitation and engineering. The missionary forces have impressed Bra7il to such an extent that missionary leaders in this country were requested to advise the students concerning' the institutions they should attend and to help them get the most out of their stay. (See page 36) '" * * Women missionaries in the Te1egu country of India have started a mag'azine for women called the Vivekavafhi. All the contributors are women and the subject matter eincludes news. household economy, notes on the care of chiJldren and nature studies. See page 61) '" '" '" An applicant for church' membershill in the Congo must commit to memory the first twenty-third, thirty-second. thirtv-seventh and fiftv-first Psalms; the entire Sermon on the Mount; the third and fourteenth chapters of .Tohn; the twelfth chapter of Romans and the thirteenth chapter of first Corinthians. After all this has been creditably recited one must show. in a probationary neriod of three months, that he understands how to live a consistent Christian life. (See page 61) '" * '"

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1916

FOlQ

SSIONA~Y FI:RES 1. C. T. Vang, the Christian president of the Cburcb senate, states tbat the two points which mission scbools need to emphasize are scholarship in the Chinese language and industrial education. (See page 572.) 2. One of Carranza's ministers accepted a Bible given by a ·missionary and exprest his appreciation especially because of its convenient pocket size. (See page 583.) 3. It is tbe custom of tbe Kru natives to cledicate their farms at rice-cutting time with human sacrifice. The "devil doctor" makes a medicine from the blood which is supposed to guarantee large crops. (See page 598.) 4. The greatest peril in war is not from shrapnel or mines; it is not from lack of food or sanitation: it is from the moral and spiritual degeneration of the soldiers. This peril is being met most successfully by Christian workers. (See page 620.) 5. Christianity is provir;g its power by transforming the outcasts of India. This is also a powerful argument to the upper classes. (See page 594.) 6. A city-wide Cbristian social service program is one among many valuable activities carried on under Princeton University auspices by the Young Men's Christian Association of Peking. (See page 609.) 7. In Paotingfu, where fifteen American missionaries and many Chinese Christians were killed by the Boxers sixteen years ago, 700 students in the military college reccntly asked for Bibles. These were presented by a Chinese business man. (See page 565.) R Eleven thousand children in Hawaii are being educated in Japanese, as well as American schools, and are thus receiving conflicting conceptions of God, home, and the family. (See page 563.) 9. Over five hundred Mohammedan students in Cairo recently accepted in- vitations to a stereopticon lecture given by Rev. Stephen Trowbridge on the Ii fe of Christ. (See page 633.) 10. Tho no battle was fought between Christians and Moslems in Persia, one- fifth of the Christian popUlation of Urumia district perished in five months. The missionaries saved thousands from death-both Christians and Mos- lems. (See page 586.)

Hon. C. T. Wang, vice-president of the Senate in China, resigned that office when

Yuan Shih Kai turned toward the monarchy, and became General Secretary of the Young Men's Chrhtian Assodation of China. Mr. Wang had held a very important position during the revolution. and was one of the framers of the Republic's constitution. He was caned to take a place in the Cabinet of the new Republic, but during all this time he retained his relation to the Young Men's Christian Association. ~1r. W~ng has declined various political positions, and has refused large salaries, but when President Li requested him to reorganize the Senate after Yuan's death, he felt it to be a duty he owed to his country. it augurs well for the cause of Christ in China to have him assume this responsible position. He will probably be one of the leading forces in China. I ARY E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No.8 AUGUST, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.8 Old Series New Series 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111III 111111111111111111111 11111 SPIRITUAL ENGINEERS IN EUROPE through the British and Foreign Bi- ble Society. There has never been THE work of the Y. M. C. A. anything like it in the distribution among the soldiers in Europe of the Scriptures. One prison camp has 50,000 Russian prisoners shut involves the sending of men, whom up till the war shall end; only about John R. Matt calls "spiritual engi- one in fifteen are given work to do; neers" into the prison camps, hos- all their time on their hands-nothing pitals and battlefields. These work- to do! Austria, Germany and Rusers may be the means of a reforma- sia have given full permission' to tion and regeneration in many Eu- work in prison camps. So now, in ropean countries-if their work is every country except Turkey, Amerspiritual as well as social. They ica has the opportunity of ministerwrite letters for the men, who can ing to these five million six hundred not see or can not sit up, to their thousand military prisoners-and no families and friends, who do not other country can have that opporperhaps even know where they are tunity. or whether they are living or not. These friendly ministries will never The method of work is to build a be forgotten. simple hut in each camp, with room for lectures, entertainments, religious N ow the door is open in Austria- services, five or six hundred books in Hungary and ill Italy. Two million different languages, a room for writ- Bibles have been sent out through ing, one for the orchestra. One of the Bible Society of Scotland, nearly the doctors said the orchestra was as many through the American Society, and three and a half million The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIn-W, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nOr for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EmTOItS.

the best thing to ward off insanity. W. Thwing, "are now waking up to the It is like going from darkness to need of progress and change. They day to go from a camp without music have started an Educational Bureau to one that has it. and Progressive Society here and are The next step is to organize socie- publishing new books and discussing ties to work among the thousands, to the questions between Christianity take a census, ask the men what they and Islam. They publish a maga- want to study. In each camp where zine in Arabic and Chinese.

the "huts" have been established there "The spirit of conservatism is are from 1,700 to 3,000 who are changing and Chinese Mioslems are studying arts, science, politics and beginning to feel that they must in- trades. The men who want to study vestigate. Their sacred book the are taught by college graduates, edu- Koran (Chinese 'Heavenly Classic') cated men, so that not a dollar need has been more than a thousand years be spent for teachers or secretaries, in China, and has been intoned by and all are put to work. It is chang- their priests in Arabic in all parts ing prison life from a process of phy- of the land. But never would they sical, mental and moral deterioration translate this sacred book into cominto one of character-building, in- mon Chinese. Now, however, things crease of efficiency, and service to have changed. The Chinese are planone's fellow men, and wide evangel- ning to translate. the Koran and Ism. have recently translated and published the first chapter into Chinese. Some It is the function of Christians to of the leaders told me that they proclaim the coming dawn; that is, wished to come into more friendly that the good will conquer the ill; touch with other faiths and they have that love will vanquish hate; that Christ read tracts about the Bible. One can make nations, as well as individu- Chinese Moslem said 'Foreigners have als, strongest where now they are translated the Koran into English, weakest; that where sin did abound German, French and other languages. Christ shall more abound. Must we say there are no Chinese to do it? It must be done.' It will be "How incongruous it would be," says Dr. John R. Matt, who is an interesting work." now again in Europe, "at a moment Christians should aim to lead these when whole nations are stretched on a Calvary Cross, for any Christian Moslem inquirers to study the law to continue to lead a selfish life or a life of ease! Rather may we plac( and the Gospel, which are confirmed ourselves afresh at the disposition of by their prophet. Some terms used Christ, henceforth to do His will in the Chinese translation of the and not our own, cost what it may." Bible are offensive or not clear to them, so that it would be well for I CHANGES IN CHINESE ISLAM the Bible Societies to issue a special MPORTANT changes are taking edition of the Gospels for the Chinese place in the spirit of the Chinese Moslems. Now is a time of great Mohammedans. "The leaders of the opportunity to bring to them the Gos- Mohammedans in Peking," writes E. pel of Salvation.

OF THE

THE NEW CRISIS IN HAWAII THE TURKS AND AMERICAN MISSIONS T HE Hawaiian Islands, long ago, I T seems inconceivable that the ceased to be a foreign mission field. So well did the early mission- Turkish Government, after reap- aries do their work that the islands ing the benefits of one hundred years are now called Christian. A new of unselfish service on the part of problem has, however, entered in the American missionaries, should now large influx of Asiatics and the next seek to destroy their work or seize ten or fifteen years will determine the property which represents such whether these people wi11 become a large amount of American money.

Christians or will themselves be a Letters from Turkey, however, show menace to the Christian institutions that such is the case. The govern- and ideals. Within ten years, many ment is seeking to expel the mission- thousands of Hawaiian-born Asiatics aries from the interior. They have will have reached their majority and already driven out those who re- exercise the full rights of American mained at their post in Marsovan, citizenship. If these Asiatic-Ameri- Sivas and Caesarea, and have seized cans drift into irreligious living, the mISSIon property. This is only' a social and moral dangers of the slight token of what might be ex- Islands will be greatly increased. pected if the United States should There are 12,206 Japanese, Korean break off diplomatic relations with and Filipino children in the public Germany and Turkey.

schools and 2,471 in private schools President George E. White of Ana- in the Hawaiian territory. The pub- tolia College has been in Turkey since lic schools.are giving them an English 1890, and is at the head of a grow- education, but 11,000 are in Japanese ing institution with 400 students.

public schools and are getting an President White writes: "On May Oriental education with their Ameri- IO our gateman brought word that can education. For the most part, the city governor had come to call.

these children attend the Japanese I found not only the governor but Buddhist school each day before and the commandant of gendarmes, the after their attendance in the public colonel and the chief of police. The school. The Oriental parents in governor stated at once that he had Hawaii see that their children pass- called to requisition our buildings ing through the public school, are whether used for hospital, school or likely to become Americans. As a residential purposes, and to send us result, II,OClO children are being Americans to Constantinople; this taught in two fundamentally differ- under orders of the general com- ent ideals of life, two conceptions of manding the third army, and owing God, home, and of the family. The to strained reiations between Ger- problem of the Hawaiian-born Ori- many and the United States.

ental is exceedingly complicated. Noth- "Before my associates could come ing short of the message of the Chris- together, the governor had sealed tian missionary is equal to the trans- our safe and was proceeding to seize forming of the heart and life of these the college buildings. We requested people into genuine American citizens. an opportunit.y to communicate with

W our Embassy, but he rejected it, and THE REVOLT IN ARABIA said that the Embassy was closed; HAT may be the result of the that relations were strained to-day; present revolt against Turkey would be broken off to-morrow; and in Arabia none can forsee. It is an- the next day there would be war. other sign of the politica:J disintegra- "The hospital where over 500 tion of Islam. The spiritual center Turkish soldiers have been treated of Islam is the place of the prophet's gratis under Red Cross auspices, with nativity and truimph in Arabia- its furniture, instruments, drugs and the Moslem pilgrimage cities, Mecca supplies, was occupied from that and Medina.

hour. Many officials bore themselves in When at the outbreak of the great a friendly personal manner and many world contlict the Sultan and the individuals of the city as they suc- Turkish Sheik-ul-Islam, proclaimed a ceeded in reaching us offered cordial holy war against the "infidel," they sympathy or suggestions for action. failed to reckon with this Arabian "On Sunday forenoon, May 14, the dislike for a Turkish overlordship commandant brought the final word and also with the British prestige in that while relations between Ger- the more fertile regions of the great many and America were understood Arabian peninsula. The Shereef of to have improved, still, as this re- Mecca, custodian of the prophet's gion was reckoned to be in the zone tomb, himself a descendant of the of war, all foreigners were to be prophet's family, raised three armies, excluded. The Governor made clear which he committed to the leader- that Americans must leave the war ship of his three sons. A Turkish zone and go to Constantinople; and garrison stilI holds Medina, but the that all our buildings and premises Hejaz railroad has been destroyed, would be requisitioned for the purpose cutting off reenforcements, and the of a military hospital. Arabian forces are menacing the tlank The Turkish Government is also of the Turkish-German army, whose taking steps to undermine and coun- destination was Egypt.

teract the Christian character and Civilization as interpreted by the teachings of such famous institutions English is a boon when it carries not as Robert College, Constantinople only material prosperity but freedom College for Women, and Syrian Prot- of faith. As the Arabs of Arabia estant College at Beirut. It is earn- are generally in friendly relations estly hoped, however, that the nego- with Great Britain or under its po- tiations conducted through the Ameri- tical control; the Moslems of India can Government and boards of trus- are fighting in Europe under the tees will lead to a friendly settlement British banners, and the Algerian and the continuance of the work Moslems are fighting valiantly for at the close of the war. In case France, this Arabian revolt splits the the Turkish Government should be Moslem world into two warring weakened physically as a result of halves, with the pilgrimage cities the conflict, we believe that the and holy places already, or soon to Turkish people will be resurrected be :in possessiion of Moslems affili- into newness of spiritual life. ated with the allied powers. The

16 ] SIGNS OF THE

partitioning of Islam and the upris- Bibles to those who desired them.

ing of the Arabian may help to seal Recently the military students sent to the fate of the eastern campaigns. the American Board's worker a list Bagdad, Jerusalem and Damascus are of 700 names of those who wanted old seats of Arabian power and the Bibles, and the questions the students pressure of revolt may help to seal ask of the missionaries show a genu- the fate of Turkish armies fighting ine earnestness and determination to in the Caucasus and on the shores know what is at the bottom of the of the Aegean and the Black Seas. Christians' faith. Thus China-the The British promise to respect the unchanging–{:ontinues to change and shrines of Islam has had the effect the great need is not quantity but of allaying the fears of Moslems, and quality in Christians.

the revolt in Arabia may mean the MASS MOVEMENT IN CENTRAL ultimate control of the peninSUla by AMERICA civilized powers. THE ~ass movements and political MARKED CHANGES IN CHINA and mtellectual upheavals in India, SIXTEEN years ago, in 1900, the China, Persia, Egypt and elsewhere Boxers killed fifteen American show clearly that we cannot tell what missionaries in Paotingfu, China, and a day may bring forth in missionary thought that they had destroyed the work. Great transformations may be "foreign" religion. To-day in the wrought suddenly. In Uganda and same city Christianity is a hundred- in all the surrounding country there fold more in evidence than ever be- have recently been many new evi- fore. On "East Street" is a sign dences that the Spirit of God is mov- which reads "Gospel Hall, Preaching ing among the people. A writer in Every Night, Free Reading Room." the Uganda News says: "The per- Here business men, young military sonality of a chief, the example of students in uniform, stolid looking a neighboring tribe, the general de- soldiers from the barracks, students sire to rise out of a state of savagery -also in uniform-from the govern- and ignorance, combine to draw men ment schools, ricksha coolies, and by the thousand into the visible now and then a dignified teacher of Church, notwithstanding every check the old days walking slowly and and test that can be applied. Thus, stiffly along, jostle each other around in the Mbale district, where the num- this sign from morning till night. ber under instruction in 1909 was This Gospel Hall is conducted by some 300, there are now, it is esti- the American Board Mission and is mated, no fewer than 10,000 read- continually so crowded that the read- ing. In Kavirondo, where the work ing room has had to be closed on among the Luo tribe began in 1905 Sundays because the authorities were with four heathen boys, the number afraid of the crowds who gather on of 'readers,' or people under in- that day. Students from the mili- struction, is now upward of 8,000.

tary academy. come in large numbers The little church in Ankole, to the gospel meetings, and a wealthy which in 1903 numbered twenty-eight Chinese business man has been giving members, now has 2,9I8 baptized

members, many of whom are com- mense power for evangelization and municants. A congregation of 3,000 national righteousness. The union at Ng'ora on a recent occasion, drawn will take place as soon as possible together at a day's notice from the after the close of the war. immediate neighborhood, and all of them 'readers,' testifies to a similar The negotiations for union have movement among the Teso people been going on for twelve years. The to the northeast of Buganda. And Presbyterians have been the last to still the movement, with all its en- commit themselves to the union. couragement and with all its dan- There has been a not large, but pergers, goes forward, and each year sistent minority, which may still hold gathers fresh force." out and possibly decline to enter the united church. But the Presbyterian There is danger in great popular church is now definitely committed to movements in favor of Christianity. this Christian enterprise. The deep spiritual work in individuals is more to be desired than wide- A REVIVAL IN UTAH spread but shallow mass movements. UTAH has long been considered the CHURCH UNION FOR CANADA un-American state of the Union WE have followed from time to and one of the most difficult fields for Christian work. Mormons are almost time the movement toward as difficult to convert as Jews or Mo- Church union in Canada. The Meth- hammedans. Recently, however, the odist and Congregational churches church members of the city of Ogden have voted for union, and th~ Pres- have proved that a spiritual awakening byterian General Assembly of Canada, is as possible t~ere as anywhere else. The Ministerial Association. backed by by a vote of 404 to 89, has taken a committee of laymen representing the Christian business and professional the final action needed to commit the men of the community, extended an Presbyterian body to the plan of one, invitation to an evangelist, the Rev. "The United Church of Canada." Henry Ostrom, to hold revival serv- ices in March. The committee took The deciding factor in the mind of the responsibility for the details conthe Assembly was the consideration nected with the meetings and, for a of the future development of the month, the churches united in special newer districts of Canada. The men union prayer-meetings. There was a of western Canada and those of New class of about seventy-five that met fol- Ontario were one in their appeal for lowing these meetings for special inunion. "We need it. It is vital to structions in personal work. There us," they said. were also many group prayer-meetings in houses in different parts of the city. The opinions of the returning sol- There were large numbers of people diers were also kept in mind. and all over the country that were enlisted they were believed to be almost in prayer by letter. At one meeting unanimously in favor of union. sixty-five young people declared them- selves willing to become missionaries. The Presbyterian and Methodist churches-about equal in number and strength'-are by far the two largest Protestant churches in Canada. The united churches should be an im-

EVENTS

AUGUST July 28th to Aug. 6th-Miss. Education Movement Con£., Lake Geneva, Wis. July 28th to Aug. 6th-Bible Conference, Montrose, Pa. 1st to 6th-Okoboji Summer School of Missions, Arnolds Park, Iowa. 1st to llth-Y. V. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Asilomar, Cal. 4th-The 75th anniversary of the birth of James Chalmers, 1841. 4th to 14th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf.. Old Orchard, Me. 4th to 20th-General Christian Workers' Conference, Northfield, Mass. 5th to 12th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Mt. Gretna, Pa. 6th to 20th-Inter'l Fed. Christian Workers' Conv., Siloam Springs, Ark. 7th to 14th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 11th to 20th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Lancaster, Fa. 12th to 18th-Woman's Summer Sch. of Home Missions, Chautauqua, N. Y. 14th to 19th-Gospel Mission Workers' Conference, Stony Brook, N. Y. 14th to 21st-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 15th to 17th-Christian Workers' League Conference, Winona Lake, Ind. 15th to 20th-Reformed Church Missionay Conference, Palisades, Iowa. 18th to 27th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Cleveland, O. 19th to 27th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Plymouth, Wis. 20th to 27th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Miss., Chautauqua, N. Y. 20th to 27th-Ministers' and Christian Workers' Conf., Chautauqua, N. Y. 22d to Sept. 1st-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 22d to Sept. Ist-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Estes Park, Colo. 23d to 25th-Conference of Evangelists, Winona Lake, Ind. 30th to Sept. 3d-Reformed Church Missionary Con£., Indianapolis, .Ind.

SEPTEMBER 2d-Anniversary of arrival of Vhitman and Spaulding, at Walla WalIa, 1836. 6th to 11th-National Baptist Convention, Savannah, Ga. 30th-Anniversary of ordination of Robert Moffat and John Williams, 1816.

OCTOBER 13th to 18th-Foreign Christian Missionary Society Conv., Des Moines, Ia. 17th to 20th-American Missionary Association Conf., Minneapolis, Minn. 18th-The 100th anniversary sailing of Robert Moffat for Africa, 1816. 26th-The 190th anniversary of birth of Christian Frederick Schwartz, 1726. 28th-The 25th anniversary of death of Madame CoiIIard, 1891.

WU TING FA NG AND THE HON. LONG SHAO YI, WHO IN

NEGOTIATED THE PEACE WHICH MADE CHINA A REPUBLIC

New Conditions In

BY C. T. W.NG, SHANGHAI, CHINA Wang Cheng-Ting (C. T. Wang) studied in the Peiyang University, I895 to I90o, and v. as later a teacher in the Anglo-Chinese College in Tientsin and headmaster at the Changsha High School. He became secretary of the Y. M. C. A. at Tokio and afteri1.ard studied law for three years in America. He became General (now President) Li Yuan-hung's Chief of Diplomatic affairs at Wuchang, and Vice Minister of Commerce and Industry in the first Republican Cabinet. He was vice-speaker of the first senate of the Republic. Recently he 'l( as elected one of the national secretaries of the Young jJ{en's Chris- tian Association of China, but has since resigned at the request of President Li in order that he may reorganize the National Senate. He "ill probably be elected speaker. (See frontispiece for portrait.) -EDITOR.

HE out~tanding problem a democratic form of local gov- ernment. Mors.e once said that mT before the nation to- China is a democracy with a mon- day is undoubtedly the archy superimposed upon it. He political situation. The meant that at heart the Chinese Monarchists r a i sed people have always been democratic, , • their voices last win- altho the central government for two thousand years has had the apter to advocate a return to the mon~ pearance of a monarchy.

archy as the only thing to save The form of government that is best suited to a country depends China, and the country was immedi- largely upon two factors: The char- acteristics of the people and the cirately thrown into confusion. The cumstances in which the country may find itself. In the first place, the Chirevolt spread in the southern and nese are by nature a democratic peo- ple, as is freely acknowledged by all western provinces and the majority impartial Western observets.

of the people tacitly gave their sup- The other factor in making China a republic appeared when the totport to the Republicans. The pro- tering Manchu regime was brought to an end by the revolution of 191 1. test gained so rapidly that even the The Manchus must g(}-was the ver- dict of the nation. No other royal Monarchists had to admit that they house could be substituted. The leaders of 191 I had no other recould not force such a system of course but to convert China into a republic. To suddenly expand a government upon the Chinese people. local form of democratic government The sudden death of Yuan Shih Kai has apparently put an end to the thought of a monarchy for China, tho many people in the West have the idea that for China, where education has been so greatly ne- glected, the best thing would be a limited monarchy. They do not understand the real feelings of the Chinese people. From time imme- morial our people have been under

into one for the whole nation, with house by the survival of the fittest? a population of 400,000,000 and an Humanity would not countenance area of 4,000,000 square miles, is such foolhardy and unnecessary recognized as too bold a step. A lim- bloodshed. The leaders of 191 I " in choosing the lesser of two evils de- cided to convert the old empire into a modern republic, but they were not unaware of the innumerable dif- ficulties that must be faced.

PRESIDENT LI YUAN HUNG The New Education Li Yuan Hung is an earnest – Repubtican and is While, therefore, the central ques- popular with the army. He has spoken" highly tion before the nation to-day is that of Christian influence iIi China. of politics, yet a large number of the educated people turn their attention to ited monarchy might have been more a still greater dynamic force, namely, expedient, but such a plan is met that of education. The educated at once with two unsurmountable thinkers of China understand that difficulties. First, there is no royal the progress of a nation does not house of the Chinese blood" in ex'- depend upon the form of governistence. Each sllcceeding dynasty did ment. There is little difference beits work so thoroughly as to pre- tween England and the United clude the existence of any living States of America, and yet one is lineal descendant of the preceding a monarchy and the other a repubroyal house. lic. Or again, compare Mexico with the United States: Both are repub- The second is a corollary to the lics, but what a great difference befirst: Inasmuch as there is no royal tween them! No nation can be house in existence, should the lead- wisely and properly ruled until the ers be allowed to resort to the old people have become enlightened. practise of carrying on internecine 'Vith an intelligent people, many of warfare so as tQ establisp a royal the present political evils will be rectified in natural course. As our veteran statesman Chang Chih Tung has said, the real hope of China lies in education. With that in view they have been making steady prog- ress in the way of bringing edu- cation to the masses.

The Christian missions in China have made a real and lasting con- tribution to this educational work for the nation. The mission schools throughout the country have led the way and in many cases have been the cradle of the modern Chinese

16] THE NEW CONDITIONS IN CHINA 57

DR. T. H. LEE . CHANG POLING PresI4e.it.t .of the Fu-tan ~oJ.1ege, Shanghai I:re~jdent of Nankai 1-lid?1e School, Tien tsin HON._ WE~ SHIH:TSEN _ DR. Y. L. TSt:R Commissioner of Foreign· Affairs, Chekiang President of Tsing Rua College, the American Provin'Ce Indemnity University in Peking SOME CHRISTl.<N MAKERS OF NEW CHINA

MODERN BASKET BALL AMONG IH .c STUDENTS OF TRUTH HALL, PEKING educationalists. It is largely through Weakneases in Mission Schools the work of these institutions that modern education has been intro- It would be well for the mission duced into China. To-day, how- boards and missionaries to notice ever, their facilities for education and correct certain weaknesses in are too limited, for they can accom- their present system. First, the modate but a fraction of those who poor quality of Chinese scholarship wish an education. and second, the lack of industrial education. The mission schools have also produced students well known for Most of the mission schools have their strength of character and high either laid emphasis on a foreign purpose in life. In all the political language so that the schools are upheavals people have a good op- conducted in English with Chinese portunity of watching the students only as one of the subjects, or else that come into power. They find no English is taught at all. The that those students who through their first has an advantage over the sectouch with the mission schools have ond in that, with a knowledge of a embraced the real spirit of love and foreign language at their disposal, sacrifice of Jesus Christ are the ones the students naturally have an adthat can best be trusted. Since the vantage over those who can only revolution of 19IIa large number of receive the benefit of modern edu- Christians have been appointed to catiol1 through translated works. important positions in the government as well as in educational 111- The medium of instruction should stitutions. be in the mother tongue of the students, but one foreign language, preferably English, should be taught

THE NEW CONDITIONS IN CHINA

in the middle (high) schools, and would open the door to all knowlone or two more foreign languages edge, wealth and power." (Italics in the colleges. It is ridiculous to say ours.) that the nation must be taught a foreign language before it can secure With regard to industrial educathe benefit of modern education. tion, there are very many among the ranks of missionaries who do not Bishop H. J. Molony in his paper realize the value of this form of education in meeting the needs of read before the East China Edu- the nation. Most of them have the cational Association in Shanghai, genuine conviction that what China sounded a timely note of warning needs to-day is spiritual enlightenon this point: "It is doubtless worth ment, and that they come here to while for a few students in our China in order to propagate the universities (that is those conducted teachings of Jesus Christ and not by the missions) to sacrifice even to be entangled with other material their own language in order to ob- and worldly obj ects. tain efficiency in modern subjects, but China is deeply attached to her mag- There is no question but that nificent language and will greatly what China needs uppermost is blame us if we allow large numbers Christ. But at the same time we to grJJW up having acquired no taste should bear in mind that Christ for the beauties of Chinese, because Himself also looked after the physical we let them hope that a little English welfare of the men and women with A CATHOLIC INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, IN SHANGHAI

whom He lived. To enable Chris~ cost; they set their hearts upon tianity to spread .in China, we must doing it in. the face of great oppo- first of all set the hearts of. the sition and at sacrifice of. a great Christians in China on fire that source of revenue. .We even. find they may go out and spend them~ that while =-,on-Chi-istian China is selves for their Master; but at the stretching every nerve to suppress same time they must be provided this evil! one so-called Christian with means that will enable them nation constitutes our real oppo- to bring the Gospel to their fellow- nent.

men. Other. social reforms have also No movement can be made indige- been stimulated in recent years.

nous unless two conditions are. ful- Foot binding is rapidly. deer-easIng.

filled. First, we must have. men In fact the influence of natural and women chosen of God who will feet is so great to-day that we often surrender themselves as living sacri- find that women with small feet will fices. Second, there must. be means like to appear as having natural provided for them and for the feet. Twenty years ago )Vomen with work which they haveuridertakeri. la.rge feet would want to appear To meet only the spiritual .needs a's having small ones.

without also providing' for the phy- . There is also a great awakening sical needs is unpractical. That a an the importance of physical edu- man lives is due to the fact that the catioii. The Far Eastern Champion- soul has a. body for a house. The ship Games conducted in Shanghai mission schools have therefore two in May, 1915, gave us a glimpse of functions to perform; one is to put the real interest that the people have before the student the life-giving, now in matters of physical culture.

sin-purifying and soul-uplifting and Two or three decades ago it would energizing Jesus, and the other is to have been considered as beneath their give him such training as to enable dignity for students to take off their him to be a useful member in so- long gowns and indulge in a game ciety. of football or tennis. Nowadays sons The mission schools are beginning of well-known families take as keen to lay emphasis on industrial educa- an interest in athletics as :10 young tion. This is an encouraging indica- . men of other countries.

tion of the awakening of the missions . The Gibraltar of China to the importance of this action. The most wonderful development The Social Reforms inl'1e last decade, I believe, is the Another thing that encourages us breaking down of the so-called is the social reform. The work "Gibraltar of China," namely, the done along this line has received winning over of the educated Chinese warm praise from the world. The by the Christian forces. Before opium suppression is an outstanding 1900 the whole church of China example of the moral strength of could not claim among its members the Chinese people. When they came any prominent official or scholar.

to realize that opium is an evil and The rank and file of the Christian that it must be eradicated at any 1;>o<;1y . bel0!1ged to the humble and

NEW CONDITIONS iN CHINA

ignorant classes. The missions, of As China advances along these course, have done good work in different lines the position of the giving education to the poor, but missionary must be shifted somethey could not get the ears of the lit- what. Hitherto he has been the erati. Comparing that with the pres- pioneer. He has had to do pracent, we can hardly believe ourselves. tically every form of Christian work Only last year Mr. C. C. Nieh, a by himself. Now with the number grandson of the well-known Marquis of Chinese Christians growing and Tseng Kuo-fan, was baptized with with their standing educationally, so- A PROCESSION IN CANTON IN CELEBRATION OF THE SUPPRESSION OF GAMBLING his mother and wife. Officials now cai1!y and spiritually being constantly holding prominent positions in the rais.ed, the place of .the missionary country, such as the Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Industry, the will· be more and· more that of ad- Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Hangchow and the Salt Commis- viser, counselor and teacher. We sioner in Fukien, have become Chris- need the help of the missionaries tians within the last year or two. as much as ever; we need men from That they come out definitely for the West who have experience in Christ shows the place where Chris- mission· problems, who can counsel tianity has made its influence felt. and inspire the native Christians and From this time on the Church will who can in a quiet way mold the find its footing among the literati. character of the Chinese workers and help devise plans for the greater advancement of the Church in China.

Forces That Win * .J

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., NEW YORK ~e HRISTIANITY is fac- ask Him to replace them for us. God ing afresh to-day the means to use all these, but our suffi- ciency can not be in any of these . same perilous tempta- things; and we shall do very ill if we do not raise our minds from all tion to which she has these things, and let them rest on Him who is our only sufficiency, even God. succumbed more than No money, no men, no spiritual . once in her history-a power of ours, no latent and buried capacities that come from them, will temptation which our Lord faced, and be of any avail to us unless all these are held and used by the great hands over which He triumphed in the wil- of God. Our sufficiency is in Him. After all, is that not just what religderness. It is the temptation to achieve ion is, the binding back of human life .into God, the thought of God absorba nominal sovereignty over life at the ing and overshadowing and control- ling everything else? price of the surrender of her absolute Our latent spiritual resources are moral judgments, and an abatement of not anything locked up inside our- selves, but all that awaits us in the her supernatural claims. The world great areas of God. God alone will ever prove our sufficient motive. 'The is ready to recognize Christianity, love of God! It will carry us where it carried David Livingstone, where it provided Christianity is willing to be must carry any man, beyond all the power of all lesser motives. The will something else than itself. of God that is the very rule and law of our lives, and we are in danger of los- This temptation does not lie only ing it in these softer days, and under our new educational psychology. on the outer fringes of Christianity, . How differently we should have to read some of our Lord's great saynor does it speak only to its compro- ings if we interpreted them into the contemporary vernacular on which mised tendencies; it is temptation that in dealing with children we rely to- day. is very near to us, and that we face "Wist ye not that it is quite interevery day as we go forward in this esting to me to be about my Father's bl1sin~ss." missionary undertaking: The tempta- "It is of great interest to me to tion to think of our resources on a humctnized basis, to leave out as much of the supernatural as we can. We do not fail to think of the dormant spiri- tual capacities, the buried and latent energies within the Church, the possi- bilities of fellowship, and of prayer, but it is on the level of a broad, natur- alistic psychology that we deal for the most part even with these spiritual resources on which we feel we must rely if we are to compass this task.

God means to use these natural re- sources-so dangerous a thing as money, the lives of men, all these un- developed possibilities that are locked up within our lives. He asks us to use them, and we have no right to "From an address delivered at the Laymen's Congress of Missions, Washington, D. C. work the works of Him that sent me ing at home these great, slumbering while it is day, for the night is com- resources that are in the hands of ing." Christians; the problem of unifying "I am interested in preaching the Christ's Church here and around the kingdom of God in other cities also, world; the problem of calling all for therefore was I sent." these jarring and discordant races of "I am interested in going to J eru- men the fellowship of the family of salem to die." God. There is no wisdom in us for Ah! the old is better: these problems. "God is wisdom. God "Wist ye not that I must be about is Love"; and only as He is our suffi- my Father's business." ciency will we have the spiritual re- "I must work the works of Him source that we need in order to cope that sent me while it is day, for the with the problems that face us to-day.

night is coming." God is also our one adequate re- "I must preach the kingdom of source, on which we can absolutely God in other cities also, for therefore rely. We can not rely upon our- was I sent." selves; we can not rely upon one an- "I must go to Jerusalem to die." other. Much as each of us wishes to We need to get back again into our be loyal to the others, there is only life, and into all our thought, in this One on whom we can surely rely; missionary undertaking-the iron con- in Whose power we can completely ception of the will of God. trust; Whose strength is rich and As the most of us live we find that sufficient and will not fail. God is a the main motive is not the love and the sufficient resource for us. All the will of God alone, but in the very men in all the armies of Europe, and thought of Him as having set us this all the billions of money that we and task, and watching us as we go about other nations have been throwing its fulfilling. away-all those piled together are not We need the resources of wisdom as much without God as one man, as we set out in this undertaking. penniless, with Him. ONE came It is no simple project that we have down to earth and walked to and fro taken in hand. What man knows with men years ago. He never could 'how to deal with the soul? A child have received a maj ority vote. "He of the same God whom we call came to His own and His own re- Father, but of a different race, a dif- ceived Him not." The world that He ferent inheritance, a different environ- came to save raised Him up on a cross ment, who knows how to deal with and slew Him. Alone He was, and that soul? yet by that sign He conquers.

Think over the problems that we God is our only and sufficient must solve in this undertaking, and power. The trouble with us is that the problems of building up in these we are relying on other things. W l movements a living church that shall are bidding one another to be wise be no copy of what we at home have according to the children of the been enabled to reproduce, but shall world. Weare singing to idols in be a freshly reality in the love of God. the name of God-the energies that Then there is the problem of awaken- men use because they have no God

to rely upon-instead of depending We must come back to the Gospel, absolutely and completely upon Him! to the faith in God that Jesus Christ brought, and that He would have us God is not only our sufficient mo- take as we go forth. Our sufficiency tive in wisdom and power, He is our is in Him. Let the other things company also. We may not need slip out of our field of vision for these millions of men, if only we have a time-the $188,000,000,000 of our God. The Wesleys gathered many national wealth-millstones around our neck-and the g:-eat multitudes men around them, but as John Wesley of men, are nothing save as each stands with God–Iet them just slip lay dying, that was not the best to him. out of our thoughts for the moment, "The best of all is that God is with while we think of and .believe in God. us." That is the secret of the power of the Lord. "I am alone, and yet A little while ago, coming down not alone, for He that sent me is on the railroad from Dobbs Ferry, with me." We have that fellowship, with a 'friend, we passed suddenly and it is enough. Many of ua feel from the radiant light of the sun, very much alone, and find it no easy going down in a great sea of gold and thing to share with other men the con- saffron glory behind the Palisades, viction and the purposes that stir our and plunged into the darkness of the hearts. tunnel. Then in the darkness the friend at my side began to recite the Lastly, God is not only our motive lines of Whitehead. "The Second Day and our wisdom and our power of Creation": and our society. God, and only God, is the sure confidence of our I gaze aloof at the tissued roof victory. What He began He will Where time and space are the warp complete. Surely He has strange methods-different from any that we and woof, would have used. His processes go Which the Kings of Kings, like a curbeyond our understanding, but we may be sure that God is not going tain flings, to be defeated in the end; that the O'er the dreadfulness of eternal things. thing He began He is going to But if I could see, as in truth they be, carry through until His purpose shall The glories that encircle me, have been accomplished and His Son I should lightly hold this tissued fold shall receive the crown. With its marvelous curtain of blue and God is the sure hope and confi- gold; dence of our victory. Let us put For soon the whole, like a parched scroll, our trust in Him-not in crowds, Shall before my amazed eyes unroll, nor in popularity, nor in great tumultuous movements of men. Has And without· a screen at one burst be God ever been in these? Has He seen not always been in the still small voice, and the little child, and the The presence in which I have always lonely prophet, and the faithful soul been. that was not drawn by any great tide of multitude, but that rested in In that Presence let us live and God? work, so that God may be to every one of us the great reality, our suf- ficiency.

MRRIER CAN BE ~ATTERED

A CHART PREPARED BY MISS EOITH P. THOMSON AND MISS BERTHA FORBES BENNETT, FOR THE MISSION TEXTBOOK HOLD SPAIN IN NEW AMERICA Misunderstood Mexico * BY MRS. WILLIAM WALLACE, MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

Isaiah 54: II and I3. Mexico, "Othoit afflicted one, tossed with tempest and not comforted, behold I witt la-y thy stones nith fair colors and lay thy, foundations with sapphires-And all thy children shall be taught of the Lord and great shall be the peace of thy children."

Also Acts I6: IO. "And after he had seen the vision, .immediately Ke endeavored to go unto Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them."

~, B. '.' EAUTIFUL, wond~rful MexicQ one must more than cross the old Mexico, our near- imaginary line or the river. Your prejudice will take to 'its legs when . est foreign mIssIon you get into the heart of Mexico and the soul of the Mexican people. . field, which is sepa- But you must, go farther than Tia Juana or New Laredo, Nogales or . ' ..,:. rated from the United Ciudad Juarez, to see the real Mex~ ico or the real Mexican. There are , States by nothing but too many long American race. courses, too much bad United States whisky, an imaginary line 2,000 miles long, too numerous terrible gambling holes and other dens of iniquity, too many the Rio Grande, and prejudice, A vices and too few virtues in the bor~ der towns to see Mexico or Mexican~ fascipating country and people under at their best.

our very noses, but as little known and understood by the average Amer- ican a,s is the country of th~ Grand Lama (Tibet). Do you realize that Mexicans are Americans like our- s~lves and North Ameriqm~ at that?

In order properly to undedrstand * An address delivered at the a·nnua1 meeting of the Occidental Board of the Presbyterian Church, in San Francisco, California. Forwarded by courtesy of Rev. Rems,en, Professor of Church History in San FraRcisco Theological Seminary.

Mexico is a huge everything in border, tho Washington tried to physical and general characteristics. make it very clear that the expedition All kinds of climate, all kinds of was merely to run down a bandit who products, all kinds of scenery, and all had invaded United States territory.

kinds of people. These varieties de- Dollars and soldiers by the thousand pend upon latitute, longitude and alti- per day are spent to hunt for a tude. Chilpancingo and Chihuahua are little needle in a great big Mexican as different as EI Paso and New hay stack. "Villa dead or alive"

York. A Guerrero Indian and a Mex- was the slogan! Our small mission- ican City gentleman are as much alike ary army, feeble as we are in Mex- as a Bostonian and a Texan cow- ico, could eliminate every bandit in boy. The Yucatecos and Tabasquefi- a decade on half the expenditure of ians are a species by themselves just money and men, and we could take as native Californians and Yankees all the bandits alive too.

are different. We must not general- Converted or Killed ize in regard to Mexico from too few particulars. How much better it would be to Anyone who understands the land see Villa "converted" than killed. If and the people at all must confess it is necessary to hunt him down that Mexico has been crusht, op- we hope and pray that United States prest and' miserably treated since authorities may act like Christians.

the days of Cortez. Spain, France But what a waste of good money and the United States of America it seems to use it in killing men.

have each given her a whack in There is such a great lleed for schools his own brutal way and for his of all kinds, primary, high, industrial, own ungodly gains. Soldiers of agricultural, for Mexico. We need fortune of many nations have gone medical missionaries and all other to Mexico to exploit her for their kinds, hospitals, nurses. Hardly a own selfish ends, taking all they cent is going Mexico-ward for any could get, and giving, or leaving, of these things while thousands of little in return. They have not dollars pour over to bring poor, even left an impress of good man- ignorant Villa to a murderer's end.

ners or good morals or pleasant Villa is typical of our heathenish memories. neglect of the Mexican people. A Not long ago, Mexico was nearly friend of Villa gave an incident of as large as the United States. Little him not long ago in Palo Alto. A by little (the Mexicans say poco a Mexican mother out in the mountains poco) slices have been carved off. of Villa's country was trying to hush California and Texas, Colorado and her hungry baby to sleep. The Utah, Nevada and Oklahoma, New child was fretting and crying until Mexico and Arizona and once upon the mother could endure no longer a time, quite a chunk of Wyoming when she said, "Hush little one, cry and Kansas belonged to Mexico. no longer. Don Pancho will soon How very strange that Mexico come and bring bread to his chil- should be at all suspicious when dren." What a power such a ban- the United States troops crossed the dit might be, with that tender heart

16] .MISUNDERSTOOD

and with his unquestionable leader- we remember that we are in the ship if only he as a little child had best sense Mexico's keeper? Do we heard the Savior's "Suffer the little feel that it is a waste of time to children to come unto me," or if he help our nearest neighbor? Is our himself had been led in the Way faith in Mexico and her opprest Everlasting. masses so strong that it is contagious, Villa's mountains have been where or is it weak and ineffective? Do we they are ever since the United States believe that all men, even Mexican began to exist. Villa has roamed over peons, were created free and equal?

those mountain tops ever since he Or do we in unholy self-conceit think our own dear baby worth six of Mexico's less favored little ones but still precious in His sight?

However we may feel, or even if we don't feel at all, the Mexican situation has come to such a pass that we must face it. Not much longer can we sit on the fence and wonder who is trying to be President of Mexico this morning. The Mexi~ can Peril affects the United States more than the Yellow Peril ever has or will affect us. The Rio Grande is narrower than the Pacific Ocean and imaginary lines and prejudices are slim barriers of defense. Mex- ico is smashing crockery and commit- ting crime at our back doors and we can not, in self defense, if for no THE ONLY GOD SOME MEXICANS KNOW more noble motive, ignore her dis- turbing performances any longer. As OUf Lord of the Poison-An Image worshipped as a nation we must have peace in the Black Christ in Mexico.

Mexico that we may have it within was born, but like most of Mexico's our own gates.

mountain tops, there are no schools What Shall We Do? there, no teachers, no one to point out the Way, the Truth, and the Now what is the Church 111 the Life. More hopeless still, no one United States going to do about it?

seems particularly anxious to handle The Government may send soldiers the Mexican situation in that way. to Mexico till doomsday and smooth Once upon a time there was a matters over on the outside by mere .wise philanthropist who in times of force but the inner state of Mexico famine would vote for nothing but will be as bad as ever. How quickly a supply of toothpicks. Are not we would resent it, if England or our efforts in behalf of Mexico some- France or Germany were to send what of the foothpick variety? Do even missionaries to Mexico. It

would be almost as objectionable as all in religion, but it is his country, sending. battleships and soldiers. his church, his people, all of which Why! there is a Monroe Doctrine he understands and knows through at Washington! Mexico is a Chris~ and through, far better than we can tian nation, nominally, at least, and ever hope to know them. Whatever is the special protege of the United mistakes Carranza is making, he States. Meantime we sit, Christians shows most excellent judgment in his that we are, like dogs in a manger, choice of men for prominent political while Mexico is perishing for what positions. A number of these men we could give her with hardly any are Protestants, not in name only, but sacrifice. are leading earnest, active, Christian Mexico's saints and idols are being lives. True democracy and Protes- shattered and who will fill those tant Christianity go hand in hand.

vacant niches with better things if Carranza is working for a democracy the Christian people of the United and Mexico is bound to have Protes- States do not supply their places? tant Christianity when she becomes a Listen to this statement from one true democracy. The present minis- of the missionaries now on the field: ter of education in Mexico (Prof.

"Last week the great aristocratic Andres Osuna) was educated for a church of Merida was swept clean Methodist minister. In all Mexico of its idols and turned over to· the the Carranza Government could Students' League of Yucatan for its hardly have found a better man or assembly room. A certain Mexican a more capable one to grapple with whose hands were still covered with Mexico's educational problems.

the dust of the idols he had been The Superintendent of Schools of helping to smash said to a friend the State of Guanajuato is a graduate of mine, 'We saved a few images of the Presbyterian Theological Sem- which we are going to take to the inary at Coyoacan arid later of Wash- public schools and standing them Uj) ington and Jefferson College, Penn- before the children say, 'There you sylvania. English' has been substi- see what a saint looks like and now tuted for French in the schools of you see how he can be destroyed.' Guanajuato. When Mexico and the Then with a hammer the image will United States speak a common lan- be pounded to pieces before the eyes guage there may be fewer misunder- of the children.''' standings.

We can not be 'responsible now for Another Presbyterian is at the either the worship or the desecra- head of the technical schools. An- tion. It is too late. But we can and other has gone about the country will be responsible to God for Mexico explaining to the people the propa- if we put nothing in place of those ganda of the Carranzistas or "Con- smashed images. stitutionalists" as they call them- Gen. Carranza is bitterly opposed selves. A Protestant is Superinten- to the Roman Catholic Church which dent of the Hidalgo State Schools.

,has' held sway in his country for Another is on Carranza's staff, and three centuries. We do not approve many others are in positions, of of hittetness in anytbUrg,. least of influence.

MISUNDERSTOOD

Carranza's ¥inister of Finance is when he sees him, be he Catholic or a Roman Catholic but a very liberal Protestant. It seems as if Presione. His home is across the street dent Carranza must come out right from the Presbyterian San Angel when he has so many good men Girls' School. He is a broad-minded, back of him. well-educated man. He is a lawyer and has read the Bible, and has In the meantime Mexico's people traveled. Carranza chose well his are starving. They are in somewhat financial as well as his educational the same plight as the people of the minister. United States were after the Civil War before the Reconstruction Pe- Here is a translation of a letter riod set in. Mexico's masses in which Carranza's minister wrote to prosperous time.s have not a great a Protestant friend in appreciation abundance and at the close of five of a Bible which the friend hat! years of continuous revolution their given him: case is pitiful. We often wonder My Esteemed Friend: Vera Cruz, March 23, I9I6 I am not going to aCkn07( ledge your fine regard, shown by the personal gift of a Bible, with a verbal expression of my appreciation; and so I am going to express myself in z( riting. The Bible is the book of all the ages, of all nations and all men and no literary education can be conceived which does not put the Bible at the very foundation of the classic studies as one of the chief Z( orks of reference and inspiration.

In my opinion even in the life of a civilian or soldier, most exposed to vicissitudes during this revolutionary epoch, the Bible should be one of the books never Ranting ill his equipage.

In my private library I have a great variety of copies of this Book and especially an edition of Rodriques de San Miguel with a Latin-Spanish text in parallel columns. This perhaps is the editon 1 have most frequently read. In the actual circumstances in "hich 1 find myself I dOll't '1( ish so large an edition and I u auld have been satisfied with quite a cheap copy.

The one you have had the kindness to send me is highly appreciated, not only on account of the book itself but owing especially to the circumstancethat it is the best edition of a small size. This fact guarantees its being kept at hand among the very few books for constant ttsc.

Plcase allow me to I'eiterate to you my gratitude and express my constant esteem as Your affectionate friend and your most attentive servant, Signed. ………………………. .

There are scores of Protestants if as many people have actually who are serving their country in starved to death in Europe as in various capacities, and General Car- Mexico during these horrible days. Last August in Mexico City corpses ranzacertainly knows a good man

of women who had starved to death As to Mexico'. Future were being carried through the Let us bury deep the dead past streets. One of our students counted and cheer up. We can not undo twelve in one procession. Vomen with what we have done, much less can dead babies in their arms went about we undo what we have not done looking for a place to throwaway for these near and needy ones. Char- their little starved bodies. Better class ity may begin at home, but it should women who had some money could not stay there. The Cincinnati Con- not buy food because there was none ference of missionary leaders in 1914, to buy. Five hundred were re- filled Mexico missionaries with fresh ported as dying daily in the Capital hope, new courage, unbounded en- alone. thusiasm and genuine inspiration.

The money question also is in This conference changed the whole a terrible state. Exchange at last Mexican missionary map for all reports was 70 to I, that is one churches that did not refuse to co- dollar of United States currency operate. At Stanford University, brought in seventy Mexican dollars. Mary Antin defined cooperation as We sent over $265 last fall and it "working with the other fellow with- brought 4,000 pesos. Those 4,000 out squabbling." We have agreed to pesos outrivaled the Zarephath wid- cooperate in Mexico (having done ow's cruise of oil. One hundred pesos our squabbling beforehand). The kept seventy babies alive for five world is growing too small for any days. Another 100 aided 68 people. church or individual to plod along Some was used to help typhus vic- alone much longer. To quote a fine- tims (there have been 30,000 cases spirited California rector, his of typhus in Mexico City at one Church's day of solitary cooperation time). Fifty pesos set one poor is about over. He said, "If our widow up in business so that she Church doesn't soon come to its could keep her children from starva- senses on cooperation, something is tion. A sick woman was sent to going to happen." He did not say the hospital, a boy clothed sufficiently what, only looked fierce, as if it to enable him to hunt and get work. might be a "squabble!" The Panama We have all had to make a dollar Congress in April took a stride for- do the work of two at one time or ward on cooperation.

another in our career, but never did Mexico's troubles and trials seem $265 swell to such enormous propor- almost more than we can bear. Her tions. If Mexico had received one- woes and sorrows are almost too heavy half of what had been sent to Bel- a burden. May Mexico soon have gium, or to the Jews of Europe or peace and may the evangelical Chris- to the Armenians, she would be fed tian forces work together to estab- for years to come, for if any human lish righteousness and knowledge, being can subsist on next to nothing, love and a high plane of living that being lives in Mexico. throughout the land.

Forces In

SOME IMPRESSIONS OF THE NEAR EAST CRISIS BY A MISSIONARY IN URUMIA DURING THE MASSACRES 0TH Turkey and Rus- Turks, but ·other Persians did not. It has not been possible for Turkey eBJ~ sia have treat:d north- to spare many soldiers for a Persian western PersIa as a campaIgn. necessary part of their ~ mil ita r y operations, Russia, on the other hand, imme- even before the war diately undertook the invasion of Arbegan. Ten years ago Turkish menia, one road leading through troops ej ected the Persians from a Khoi to Van. Persian neutrality strip of territory along the fron- counted for nothing with either side. tier and occupied it until 1912. The domestic troubles of Persia, due to During the last days of December, the constitutionalist movement, which 1914, the military situation in Transbegan in 1905, gave the occasion for caucasia and a reverse of Persians the sending of Russian troops to and Russians by Turks and Kurds Persia, and at the beginning of the at the southern end of Lake Urumia present war Russia was in military led to orders for the withdrawal of occupation of Urumia, Khoi, Tabriz all Russian forces from northern and other places. The first actual Persia. 'Khoi was never evacuated, hostilities between Russian and Turk- but Tabriz, Marajha, Urumia and ish troops took place on Persian soil. Salmas were evacuated. In a few A month before war between the two days these places were in the posgovernments was declared, Turkish session of Turkish military officers troops disguised as Kurds, and ac- at the head of a large number of companied by Kurds, attacked the Kurdish irregulars and some three City of Urumia, which was occupied or four thousand Turkish regulars. by the Russians. Immediately the whole Christian population was in peril and plunder- Meantime influences were at work ing and massacre began. The Perto prepare the Kurds on Persian sian authorities fled with the Rusas well as Turkish soil to join in sian troops, except in Tabriz, where, the expected jehad. This was easy, largely through the efforts of the as the Kurds are Sunni Mohammed- American Consul, Hon. Gordon Padans. A similar propaganda among dock, there was no massacre or genthe Shiah Persians was less success- eral looting of Christian property. ful. When the war actually began All Christians were obliged to take and jehad was proclaimed, troubles refuge in the American Mission multiplied. Turkish plans contem- compound for a few weeks, during plated a general rising of Persians which the Turks held the city. In on their behalf, and the sending to Salmas the Turks remained for over Persia of large forces. The Kurds two months, and in U rumia for with few exceptions joined the nearly five months.

The mass of Christians in Salmas some definitely enlisted in the Turk- fled with the Russian troops. The ish military service. The green ban- villages of this plain were looted, ner of Islam was clear evidence that and over seven hundred of those who this was a jehad.

remained, mostly old men, women The only voice raised openly in and children, were massacred by the defense of these people was that of Turks. There were not far from the American missionaries. The pro- thirty-five thousand Christians, As- tction, housing and feeding of these syrian and Armenian, in the U rumia thousands for months, cut off from district. Ten thousand of these fled the outside world, without official with the Russians and the remainder status and without the use of force, were driven from their homes, the with repeated evidence of the reality large majority for the whole time of the perils that terrorized our pro- of Turkish occupation. Some found teges, crowded into brief weeks such refuge with Moslem and Jewish responsibilities and sorrows as a long friends, about three thousand were lifetime seldom brings. It required in the French Roman Catholic Mis- continual and intense contact of mis- sion, and the remainder, not less than sionaries, Christians and Mohammed- seventeen thousand, found shelter ans, such as ordinary missionary under the American flag in the prem- work would never involve.

ises of the American Mission. The As one of the few missionaries number killed was over one thou- who were not compelled by typhus sand, and at least four thousand or typhoid to cease work, and as the died of disease consequent on the missionary specially charged with the crowded and unsanitary quarters. responsibility for securing protection, Thus, one-fifth of the Christian popu- I had constant dealings with Mo- lation of the district perished in five hammedans of every position in life months, when there was no battle. and every sort of character: Persfan~, The cruel crimes against women Kurds and Turks. Out of that ex- can not be recorded; but hundreds perience I would speak.

suffered violation, and over two hundred Christian girls and women Friendly Moslems were carried off as captives. Every The Moslems were by no means Christian family suffered loss in united in their sympathy with mas- goods, destruction of houses and life, sacre, and one prominent Mullah while many houses were almost com- urged on his followers that even pletely ruined The Christian quar- to share in the plunder was unlaw- ters in Urumia suffered little, but ful. Many helped individual Chris- those outside the walls were de- tians, hundreds of whom were stroyed. The Moslem population brought in to us from the villages.

suffered very little direct molestation, A Kurdish chief sent in eleven girls tho the indirect loss to the com- who were being carried off by an- munity was universal. other chief. One petty Persian of- The persons guilty of these crimes ficial was in constant communication were the mob of Mohammedan vil- with me all the time as to pro- lagers and city people, Kurds and tection for the people of his village.

16] OPPOSING FORCES IN

Through the Persian governor we numbers added anything to military were able to secure the return of efficiency. The Turks complained many captive girls and women to that the Kurds would rob but would their homes. In everything we were not fight, while the Kurds freely dependent on the good will of Mo- confest that they could not face hammedans; for protection, food and modern artillery. Kurdish Sunnites money. enlisted for plunder only, and the In spite of all these things, which Persians Shi'ites were much divided.

I would not minimize, the moral A proclamation authorizing jehad weakness of Islam was clearly mani- was produced, which purported to fest. The natural kindness of hu- emanate from the chief Shi'ite doc- man nature found expression in spite tors of sacred law at 'Kerbala and of some Moslem maxims and texts Nejef, and the local Mullahs were that could be quoted; the effect of compelled to endorse it, some by be- their religion was not to strengthen ing threatened with a loaded pistol.

the better imp:.tlses. Among the Kurds there was little Men also had not the courage to evidence of religious motives. The follow their better impulses in public, men promoting jehad were men tho they might act upon them in never before zealous for Islam, and private. When the villages were be- the combination of alIiance with one ing ruined, people were being mur- Christian nation in holy war against dered and plundered, and everywhere other Christian nations did not savor there was disorder, the most urgent of true faith. So there was not appeals found only two men ready even military efficiency to justify to act vigorously; one a Turkish of- this crime against humanity.

ficer who shot down looters himself, Altho repeated assurances were and the other a young Persian who given by the Turkish officials that made strenuous efforts to protect persons guilty of crimes against Chris- the Christians. tians would be punished, no one was Islam made itself liable to be ever called upon to answer for such judged by the worst that took place acts. More than this, deliberate mas- when it proclaimed jehad. Dr. Pack- sacres of innocent and untried per- ard, the missionary physician, ap- sons were perpetrated by persons in pealed successfully to the Kurdish the Turkish military service. Every- chiefs for the lives of more than thing compelled us to believe that the a thousand imperiled Christians, but persons most guilty Were those who the Kurdish sheikh held under the encouraged and planned these out- green banner the Christian captive rages.

girls, and they were carried off. The underlying motive of all this As a military measure, the jehad was political and military, and the was a failure. It intensified fanati- leaders deliberately made use of re- cism and hatred and so mUltiplied ligious hatred, race division, eco- crimes and misery. It no doubt in- nomic jealousy and other influences creased the number of men who to destroy the Christian population.

swelled the ranks of irregular sol- The standing of the mission in diers, but neither the zeal nor the the community was a great source of

strength. The mission in U rumia is is only remotely related to Islam. If eighty years old. It has always stood Moslems were· disposed to s.coff at for beneficent service, and for com- Christianity because of the war, and mercial integrity, for the Gospel of there are such Moslems, the procla- Jesus Christ in its social effects as mation of jehad and the subsequent well as its personal application. It atrocities have taken away all point has touched the community in im- from the sneer. measurable human ways. Not only the Christians, but Moslems of every One young Turk official argued at sect and race, look to us for help length with me that religion in the in time of need. This history was present time has no force or applia safeguard and the nearer a neigh- cation to life, and that military bor was to us the more he was eager power is the condition of national to help. One far-reaching influence success. This is the prevailing spirit was the gratitude fo!" medical serv- and this spirit can only disintegrate ices. Another was famine relief. religion, even if that religion be Back of all Was the honor given to Islam. The revolt of conscience Christian character and the work we against atrocity may not find public were doing. In their cooler mo- expression and may seem to accomments at least, men do not believe plish little now, but it will certainly in massacring women and robbing have a profound effect. orphans. The Future of Christian Missions The tributes paid to the mIssIonaries by :Moslems were many, and Whatever the political outcome may often were touching. Strangers in be, missions and missionaries will the street would accost me and thank have a stronger position in the comme for our services to the helpless. munity life of the Near East than ever before, Moslems and Christians will The Future of Islam realize that the true Christian spirit is one of courage, sacrifice, service and The political future of Islam and fidelity. For missionaries to stay at of Persia and Turkey is dependent their posts, and to serve in helping 011 the outcome of the war. The in- the wounded, in rescuing captives, in ner aspects of Islam will also be caring for the destitute, and in proaffected. Strenuous attempts have testing against inhumanity is their been made to arouse the spirit simple Christian duty. It is also the of jehad and of Pan-Islamism. wisest Christian strategy. The re- Speeches, ban que t s, pamphlets, sults amply justify the sacrifice. The threats, promises, and terrorism were appeal to the Christian public in all employed, but they failed to America, if it is only clearly underarouse any real religious response. stood, is surely equally irresistible This failure must react and, what- from the humanitarian and missionever the outcome of the war, the ary points of view. If anyone can inner effect will be disintegration. face the future with hope and cour- The best Moslems revolt at the use age, it is the Christian missionary. of Islam in a political cause, which

William F. Oldham, D.D

THE NEWLY-ELECTED METHODIST EPISCOPAL BISHOP FOR SOUTH AMERICA WILLIAM FITZJAMES OLD- time he was a teacher and then be- HAM was born at Bangalore, came a surveyor in the Government servIce. The "Bridge Builder," made December IS, 1854, his father having famous by Kipling, is. young Oldbeen an English officer in the Indian ham. army. His early education was received at Bishop Cotton's Grammar In the revivals conducted by Wil- School, Madras, India, and at the liam Taylor, 1872 to 1875, he was Madras Christian College. For a converted, and under the influence

of Dr. (now Bishop) James M. Tho- torates in America, at Albion, Mich., burn, he decided to give his life to and in Pittsburgh, Pa., he founded missionary work. On September r3, in 1895 a Chair of Missions at Ohio 1875, he was married to Miss Marie Wesleyan University, and was there Augusta Mulligan, at Poona, India, for five years as Professor of Misand, coming to America in 1879, en- sions and Comparative Religions. In tered Allegheny College, and later 1900 he was appointed Assistant Secthe Theological School of Boston Uni- retary of the Missionary Society of versity. the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in May, 1904, was elected Missionary He was admitted to the Methodist Bishop for Southern Asia. Episcopal Conference in 1883 and went to India, the following year, At the General Conference of the inaugurating the work of the Ma- Methodist Episcopal Church in 1912, laysia Methodist Episcopal Mission Dr. Oldham was elected as one of the at Singapore. In February, 1885, he Corresponding Secretaries of the founded the Anglo-Chinese School Board of Foreign Missions, and now at Singapore, which has now an aver- he has been elected Bishop of the age enrolment of 1,075 boys. In Church and has been appointed to the 1889, owing to ill health, Dr. Old- General Superintendency of the work ham was ordered away from the in South America. Bishop Oldham's tropics and returned to America for ability, experience and genial spirit a period of rest. After spending a make him an unusually valuable adfew months in Denver, he accepted a visor and force in any work that pastorate in Albion. After two pas- he undertakes.

World-Wide Work of Methodists SOME STRIKING FACTS ABOUT THE GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, IN SARATOGA, MAY 1st TO 29th.

BY THE REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D., NEW YORK m. TJHE Apostles' Creed was dred delegates representing over four recited in ten different million members of the Methodist Episcopal Church (3,620,47° are full . languages by delegates members; a net increase of 298,310 for the four years). representing that num- The total giving for all purposes ~ ber of language areas during the quadrennium amounted to $158,056,992, an average of nearly -• in which the Methodist $40,000,000 a year. Church and par- sonage properties, net value, $226,- Episcopal Church is organized. There 664,223. Paid for ministerial sup- are thirty-four nations and more than , port, $70,II0,479; paid for buildings seventy languages in which the Gos- and improvements, $33,176,377; for pel is preached by the representatives of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions.

There were more than eight hun-

WORLD-WIDE WORK OF THE METHODISTS 59

missions and benevolences, $17,377,- A strong resolution was adopted in 301, an increase of $2,327,708 over favor of the reading of the Bible in the previous quadrennium; for fOl:- the public schools of all states. A eign missions, $6,3II,26r. The Wom- further resolution was adopted an's Foreign Missionary Society also against the appropriation of public raised $3,776,571, making the total funds for Roman Catholic and other for foreign missions $10,087,832. The sectarian schools among the Indians. per capita giving for foreign missions has, however, been practically The Board of Foreign Missions at a standstill for the past mne was reorganized by making the Board years. representative of all sections of the Church in America, with two corre- The Conference took action look- sponding secretaries and with an exing to the reuniting, at the earliest ecutive Committee of thirty members. possible date, of the two great Ameri- Approval was given to the Cincinnati can Methodist bodies (North and plan for the readjustment of mission- South). It adjourned to meet any ary work in Mexico. A lectureship time at the call of the Bishops for to students of Methodist mission the purpose of considering proposals fields was recommended to be filled from the Southern Church. during the coming quadrennium by Bishop McConnell. A world program was adopted and agencies were established for its The scenes attending the retirement practical realization. The Confer- of Bishop Harris of Japan and Koence was challenged to devise meas- rea, and Bishop Hartzell of Africa ures to meet the greatest crisis that were memorable. In view of the has confronted the Church since the changed conditions in Liberia, Bishop time of our Lord. Scott asked for retirement, which was granted. Bishop Stuntz was trans- Since the centennial of the Mis- ferred from South America to Omasionary Society of the Church will ha. Four new bishops were elected occur in 1919 the years 1918 and for foreign lands. Dr. W. F. Old- 1919 were set aside and the Boards ham, after a successful quadrennium of Foreign Missions and Home Mis- as Corresponding Secretary to the sions were empowered to inaugurate Board of Foreign Missions, was measures to celebrate this missionary elected Bishop for all of South centenary. America, with residence at Buenos Aires. Dr. Herbert Welch, President Probably the highest levels of of Ohio W esleyan University, became fervor were reached in the adoption Bishop of Japan and Korea, with of the report of the Committee on residence in Seoul. North Africa Temperance, Prohibition and Public was made a part of our European Morals, which reaffirmed the principle bishopric. Dr. Alexander P. Cam-. of total abstinence and condemned phor, one of the leaders of Negro the license system as a colossal blun- Methodism, and Dr. Eben S. J ohnder, and the issuance of internal tax son, one of the Recording Secretaries receipts by the Federal Government of the General Conference, were to "criminals violating the state laws" elected Missionary Bishops of Africa, as shocking to all sense of moral de- residing in Liberia and Rhodesia. cency; it urged the adoption of national prohibition.

nsettling the Human Pyramid *

BY BISHOP w. F. OLDHAM, NEW YORK r was a quaint saymg It would. seem that in this day of war when the so-called Christian IaI ~ of an old-time divine nations are arrayed against each that the heavenly arith- other, the great masses everywhere metic ran exactly con- would be repelled from the beliefs trary to the earthly of people who are unable to ex- arithmetic. In heav- press their Christianity in their naenly arithmetic if we would add we tional life. ,ye would not blame must consent to subtract, for no man people if they should be shocked increaseth except he that scattereth, and turned away from what seem and if we would multiply we must to be repeated fallacies. But life consent to divide. is usually larger than logic, and the very enormity and horror of this war The same contrary rule applies to seems strangely to have startled the heavenly physics. In our earth masses of the non-Christian world view of things we are inclined to into an awful moral solemnity, so think that the pull is from the top that there is wider and deeper into the bott0111, but the heavenly law quiry to-day than ever as to the of gravitation works the other way, basis on which life may be built and if we would put the religion in order to avoid such horrors. Acof Jesus Christ into any people, we cording to the blest logic of Heavmust begin at the bottom. Our earthly en, strangely enough, the very thing prudences would advise us to secure you and I have considered would a handful at the top, but that does stop the movement, has gloriously not solve the problem, for it has and fundamentally quickened it in always been the defect of privilege practically every land. The masses that it never cares to extend itself. of the plain people practically every- where are moving Christward That, I think, is the meaning of in larger numbers and with greater the philosophy of Jesus when He momentum at this present time than said in His message to John that ever before. "the Gospel was preached to the poor." It is the divine sign. With An Experience in the Philippines that spirit in the religion and that animating principle in the Founder, Let me illustrate by a people whose we do not wonder that "the com- affairs have recently been holding mon people heard Him gladly." the attention of the United States Congress, the Filipinos. The Stars The history of missions will bear and Stripes first floated over the Philout this general thesis, and to-day ippines eighteen years ago, and with the great movements toward Christ are among the common people in the non-Christian world.

*Part of an address at the Laymen's Missionary Congress in Washington.-EnlroR. the incoming of that flag came those Then some more people came and Gospel forces that are the strength they took the other side out, and of this nation. Let the flag go then the front, and we were speakanywhere, and whether the Consti- ing out into the open spaces. Fitution goes with it or not, the open nally the service closed at a quar- Bible must go. The islands were ter past one next morning, and divided between the various evan- everyone of the people there at gelistic forces, and a great religious the beginning was there at the end campaign began. Vhat was the re- with mouth half open waiting for suIt? The masses of the common more. At half-past six in the mornpeople tumbled over each other to ing that company, or a large proporhear that new Gospel, the greatest tion of it, was back at the house event of their racial and national where the weary preacher was stayhistory. Those Filipino folks ing. God bless the entry of those crowded eagerly and heard, so that forces into the Philippine Islands the great difficulty was to get them that minister to a hungry people to quit hearing at any time. who in such large numbers received the Gospel as it was preached. We pity American pastors whose great difficulty is to get people to In the Methodist Missions, in the listen. These wonderful sheep are last eight months, with less than so overfed and so underexercised ten missIOnaries in residence on that we cannot get them to nibble the field, the addition to membership at anything! We have to spend our has been over five thousand. All strength trying to serve up the dishes through the land there are great so excellently flavored as to coax ca- masses of the folks ready to hear pricious appe~jties! But the masses and a great proportion willing not only of the plain Filipino folk, how they to hear but to obey. devoured the proffered foods. In China, again, in a single com- I remember going to dedicate a munion, during the last four years little fishermen's church in a vil- the recorded advance has been somelage. vVe were to begin the serv- thing over seventy per cent. in memice at eight p. m., but word came bership. that the fishermen were out in the bay, and it would be over an hour The Overturning in India before they would return, because the fish must be caught. I was A similar story might be told of asked to baptize several children Korea, with its marvelous movement, and to marry some of their parents and in Japan with its three-year I married one old couple with four evangelistic movement in the villages, or five families of their children, but I want to speak of India. The who also had to be married, all man of India is furnished with in one ceremony. Then other people brains, with philosophic insight, with came in, and as it was a simple little deep possibilities of a religious soul, chapel easily put together, we had but that very man, because of his a kind of local church extension qualities and his position, looked movement by pushing the wall out. upon the earliest preachers of Chris-

tian truth with supreme contempt. to find them in cruel perfection look India said to the first missionaries: to the lowest castes of India, doomed to a life from which there is no "What-you? You people of yes- escape. A man may have intelliterday, a mushroom growth of civili- gence, business acumen, energy, but zation, you come to teach us philoso- he can not cease religiously and phy and religion? Why our people socially to be the low class man at created philosophies, and wrote litera- the base of the pyramid. ture, when your people were naked savages! You come to teach us!" But now comes Jesus Christ and His religion, which in its final analy- Do you remember a saying of sis insists on every man being given Henry Martyn recorded in his diary: a full chance to achieve his man- "If I should see a single high caste hood. Christ's messengers stand Hindu converted and baptized, I there at the foot of that pyramid and would look upon it as a resurrec- teach those people to say, "G,ur tion from the dead"? And Henry Father who art in Heaven." If Martyn, that noblest of souls, burned nothing else had ever fallen from himself out, and never saw that the lips of Jesus Christ this stamp sight. of divinity would be on Him. His messengers are saying to these people That was India. Happily, India at the foot of the pyramid: "Oh, men, does not all live at the top, but, you are not mud-sills, you are not like other lands, is built with the created for society to push your few at the top and the many at faces into the mud. You are your the bottom. By the system of caste, Heavenly Father's sons, and have the most accursed and finished job your place in His universe. Believe of Satan, that pyramid has been in God as One who loves you and favored by those at the top. But sent His only Son that you might in lands where there is the Chris- have fulness of life." tian religion that religion has fought against it. In India you have had VVe can not preach that to a man this piece of Satanic machinery in its so that he believes it and still have perfection, the social prescription fas- him consent to be ground down by tened with the cement of religious all of the other men of his civilizaprescriptions. Here was society, the tion. We can not teach the Fatherpoor and unprivileged at the bot- hood of God without teaching sotom, the privileged at the top; the cial opportunity. priest built it, and whenever the priest builds the social order you Low caste men in India begin to can always know at which end of believe this message and they say: it to look for him. That is the Brahmin. Layer after layer, one be- "Am I too actually a child of God, low the other, the mass of the upper am I"? layers pressing upon the lower until the lower is sustaining the weight Then they step out of the system of the whole, the lowest literally and find that this new teaching is ground into the mud. Talk about true. Enfranchisement of spirit has the mud-sills of humanity; if you want come to them from the kindly stranger hands. Possest by this new idea, a low caste man finds

WORK FOR RUSSIAN WAR PRISONERS

that there is more for him; there gins to be formed, the vOIce of that is a litte village school for his church sounding to the deprest boy and-O wonder I-a little vil- masses will be a most compelling lage school for his girl. Then his voice and a voice vibrant and creamind begins to shoot up to altitudes tive of hope. What happens to that he had never dreamed of, and he pyramid when the bottom steps out? stands up by his fellow-men and calls There is a tremendous movement on to them, "Come out, come out of the in India, and Jesus Christ, that great system; there is free air, Lhere is disturber of foundations that are free Heaven and a new earth for wrongly laid, is deeply agitating the us. We stand here as the children minds of the masses of the people, of God." and strangely enough the very move- ment of these masses is touching the What happens when the low caste gallantry and challenging the chivalry men do this? All through this so- of the best of the souls at the top. cial structure, there is a thrill of No more appealing word has reached expectation, there is a new gospel of the heart of the gallant spirits in t)Je enfranchisement. I know not where the upper ranges of society of India than social gospel ends and where a spiritual the amazing change that is coming gospel begins, but I have an idea to these traditional mud-sills; if they are inextricably joined together Jesus Christ can make men of these in the man whom God has made. then J eSllS Christ must be the Son of God. So when presently whole – layers step out and an entire church be- The Work for Russian Vv'ar Prisoners BY GEORGE L. LEONARD, NEW YORK Corresponding Secretary of the Gospel Committee for War Prisoners.

~T HE war will undoubted- soon after the war began, appears ly bring Russia not only to have been banished providentially. to a political, but also After being imprisoned and sentenced. to a great spiritual to Siberia, this sentence was com- crisis, and the Gospel muted to exile abroad. But "the work among Russian things which happened unto him have war prisoners may prove to be a tre- fallen out rather unto the 'furthermendous factor in this result. Chris- ance of the Gospel." He has thrown tian men and women everywhere will himself heart and soul into the work pray for large fruitage. of the Gospel Committee to evangel- ize his countrymen in German and Pastor William Fetler, of Petro- Austrian captivity. grad, who was banished from Russia on account of his religious work Leaflets are eagerly accepted, and

recent reports tell of courtesies of here I had lost my pocket Bible officials permitting the work, and which my father had bought for me great blessing as a result. Where an as a keepsake, so that I came to the exchange of wOlmded prisoners has camp without a single page of Holy been effected, groups en route from Scripture. The good Bible which had Germany to Russia, through Sweden, become so precious to me on the have been visited by Christian work- battlefield had gone! Where could ers. I buy one? Weeks went by until I found a Lithuanian brother. He had The following letters from some of a New Testament, and out of this the workers among the war prisoners Book we both, searching for com- show gratifying results: fort, were blessed and sttrengthened."

"I distributed the literature which *** you sent me 'in the turnmg of the hand.' I was literally overwhelmed "At that time the fortress of in the barracks, as everybody wanted Novo-Georgiewsk fell. That brought a Bible or aNew Testament. "!hen I2,000 prisoners to our camp. This I walk through the barracks, I often meant for us a new call, 'Up to the see here and there a war prisoner work !' At once I made out an an- with a Bible in his hand, and sit- nouncement that in one of the barting round him four to six men, racks would be held a Russian Evan- sometimes even more, to whom he gelical meeting. The meetings were reads aloud out of the Bible, all at- held every night. More and more tentively listening." of the men came, and all listened with great desire. The room at last *** was quite full. Then God gave us a Russian brother who had been a "I have succeeded in arranging for Russian missionary, and had been a meeting place for our Ruthenian captured. But still we were lacking brethren within the barracks They reading material, until you helped us have decorated this hall with Scrip- out with Bibles, Testaments, and ture texts which were sent to them. tracts. The joy which yo~£ have sup- At the first we had only about thirty plied is indescribable, alld the blessing brethren (converted) in the camp; is very great. Now we have in the now, however, the number of believ- camp twenty-eight newly converted ers has grown to about eighty. Be- brethren, and ten old ones." sides, other war prisoners are arriving at our camp, and among the A cooperating committee has been 'new comers we have also found formed in Great Britain which has'as several brethren. Besides those who are definitely converted, about seventy its chairman Rev. J. Stuart Holden. to eighty are under conviction." The opportunity is unique, the de- Letters from Russian Prisoners mands are countless, and funds are needed to continue and enlarge the "In 1914, on the second of Decem- work of distribution.* ber, I came to the war prisoners' camp in Schneidemiihl with 140 Rus- * Gifts may be sent to the treasurer of the com~ sians. All of us had been captured mittee, Mr. Edwin M. Bulkley, 25 Broad St., New at the battle at Lodz. On the way York City; or to the Editor of the MISSIONARY REVIEW, 354 Fourth Ave., New York City.

A GATHERING OF KRU MISSION

Fighting the Devil In Africa BY REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, KRU MISSION. LIBERIA. WEST AFRICA ::,fissionary of the Board of Fon ig:l ~Iis i~ns, Mcthod:st Episcopal Church IN)0THING could have doctor the preceding day that a boy ~ been m 0 r e peacefu1 would be found dead in the flver. than that April vVed- Now, wanting to send a message up nesday. A blue sky and to his boy at the mission and no one a bluer sea, with a else being available just then, Sanso steamer lying at on- sent on this small child, watching chor in the harbor, golden sunshine, him along the road until he turned the mission sheep browsing beside me a small hill, when the mission buildroad in charge of one of our boys. ings come into full sight. Just outside the Cabo fishtown a mile distant, Sanso, our native preacher, The little lad walked on until he and a little Wissipo boy beside him, drew near to our small shepherd to walked along the same road toward whom he gave his message, turning the mission. back to town instead of keeping on to the mission. The sheep moved The child had followed Sanso just then and our boy moved with from Wissipo town, fording the river them. When he turned his head and running along the beach at his once more the child had disappeared. side despite the warning of the devil-

The Search land power to bear large crops. The people at Nanah Kroo cut their rice All that long night men were out farms every two years, and in this with lanterns searching through the place, within the past ten years there bush and the farms nearby. We have been five human sacrifices. It watched the gleaming lights and lis- was now rice cutting, and a child tened to the voices, calling, calling, is lost! aud our hearts ached to the break- Days passed, one palaver court KRU GIRL OF LIBERIA after another was held, devil-doctors from far and near were consulted, Worth saving from the "Devil Doctor" conflicting decisions were rendered. One devil-doctor declared that the ing point at thought of that little boy child was being held a prisoner in out somewhere, alone in the dark- the dense bush back 0 f King N affir's ness, while all the time a deadly sus- town. Another said the boy was picion gripped us with sickening fear. dead. A third declared that the names of the witch people holding At rice-cutting time it is the native him were known to him and all their custom to dedicate the farm with a movements watched. We could do human sacrifice, the human blood and nothing but wait and pray. For a parts of the oody being made by week the suspense remained unlifted the devil doctor into country medi- while the judges "sweated" the peocine which is supposed to give the ple, "ate them up," as the natives put it, in the fines imposed. Since the lad had followed Sanso, they held him and forced him to pay an atone- ment for the loss of the boy, putting a second fine on him in a few days, followed closely by a third, tho they acknowledged he had nothing to do with the death of the child. Then the guilty ones were named, three Cabo men and a Cabo woman. One week from the day the boy was taken, the sasswood court was held and the four suspects were made to drink the poison.

The Punishment Sasswood is a deadly poison, most bitter to the taste, and it is admin- istered in wholesale doses, quart after quart being poured into the victim un- til he is full. While undergoing the test there are some things he is forbidden to do. He may wear no

FIGHTING THE DEVIL IN AFRICA

clothing whatever, he may not sit in palm oil and ate it with rice as down, nor spit, nor wipe the sweat they eat fish or chicken, and gave from his face, and he may not speak some of it to other men in his quarin a low voice. He must shout, else ter. This is witchcraft and savagery he is a witch. practised within ten minutes' walk of the mission and in spite of the weekly I f he vomits the sasswood, he is preaching of the Gospel! declared innocent and guns are fired in token of joy. But if the sasswood A KRU DEVIL PREACHER passes from his body through the intestines he is judged guilty and These men are full of all evil, murder, adultery, is driven away. If he retains it, and theft and hatred. Is there any doubt as to the dies, he is guilty. If he retains it, need for those who teach the love of God? and lives, through some trickery in making the medicine, then he is a Prior to his arrest, Brofly told witch man for truth, his witch being something of his life in a testimony more powerful than the witch in the meeting. "My father's brother," said sasswood, and he is exiled for seven he, "was a devil-doctor and he. taught years.

Under the present test one diedand died quickly. He was an old man, very quiet at all times that we saw him, a regular attendant at our church services in his town, a quaint figure in his long overcoat and high beaver hat, but a man trained 'n witchcraft from his boyhood and with a heart as black as pitch. After drinking the sasswood he shouted, "I be Brofly. I killed the boy. I, Brofly, killed him. I was coming from my farm with a bundle of bamboo on my head. I caught the boy on the road and hid him in my farm. Then I killed him I" The words had barely left his lips when, with one convulsion, he fell to the ground, dead-fell with a thud like the explcsion of a cannon, his tongue hanging out like a dog I Cannibalism and Witchcraft The most horrible feature of this witchcraft crime was the fact, developed that same day, that Brofly carried some of the flesh of that murdered boy into town, cooked it

me witchcraft. One day a devil- This leper was reaping the har- doctor asked me: vest of a filthy life, poor wretch, pressing on to his own kindred in " 'You fit to dig in a dead man's Dew, a score of miles away, to grave and bring me a piece of the cloth from his body?' "die at the beach" (i. e., at home).

"I answered, 'I fit it,' and brought He asked permission to rest here for the cloth and he made me a big the night, and he was not denied, war medicine. tho every precaution was, taken against infection. 'vVe cleared the "Another time the .devil-doctor said ground in a shady, isolated part of to me, 'Are you fit to do something the mission grounds, put up a rude I ask you?' I said; shelter against rain, cooked him a good breakfast and left him to rest " 'Yes.' there. Toward evening we took "'Will you sleep all night on top him food again and plenty of fresh of a dead man's grave in the grave- water. and built him a cosy camp- yard ?' fire, for the nights are cold. We "I did it and told the devil-doctor talked to him about his soul, but and he sent me back to get some his thoughts, alas! were centered upon of the sand from that grave and gin, which the mission, naturally, ,with it made me war medicine. Then would not permit to be furnished. I married a witch woman and she Next morning, after eating a hearty taught me more witchcraft. If I have breakfast and receiving rice, fish and done this thing I shall be like my biscuits to take with him, he departed uncle. 11y uncle died in sasswood on his painful way, assuring us that for witchcraft and he died quickly, we had done him good. and if I have killed this boy I shall die like him, almost at once." A Missionary Collection in Kru Land As he had said, so it was.

The Leper-Moral and Physical But there are some bright things to report from Kru Land. The Three days later there tottered up darkest shadows ca~ not wholly blot to the mission from this same Cabo out God's sunlight. "The blue of fishtown, a young Cabo man, Saka, heaven is larger than the cloud." in the last stages of syphilis and Easter Sunday was a golden day, leprosy-hands gone, legs almost gone, sunshiny without and sunshiny within eyes drawn upward, harsh, broken the little bamboo church in Wissipo voice, his body a mdS~ of putrefying town, brave in its decorations of sores and unspeakable stench-the palm branches and banana plants. most utterly loathsome and pitiable object to be seen in all heathendom. For a week previous the mission- To our shocked gaze it seemed as ary had been conducting services, tho all the evil in that devil- using lantern slides on the last week ridden witchcraft town had fastened of Christ's life on earth. Deeply atupon him and issued forth to sit tentive audiences overflowed the down upon this clean mission. The church and much feeling was manifirst thought that" flashed into our fested, culminating in Good Friday, minds was Isaiah I :6. when most of our women spent the

16] FIGHTING THE DEVIL IN AFRICA

entire day in the church, fasting Poisoning, Leprosy and Boa Constric- and pt:"aying, preparatory to receiving tors (for we have a standing dispute the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. with the serpents over the ownership It was that night when, crossing the of the mission fowls) ? You are river on his way to church, the powerless to share this burden with missionary found the water running us. But there is another burden so swiftly that it took ten boys, swim- ming five on each side of the canoe, to keep it from being swept to sea!

At the week night services we had reminded the people that Sunday was the church's Foreign Missionary Day, and said we should take no regular collection, only giving oppor- tunity to those who loved Christ for the great sacrifice He had made for them to deny themselves in return and make a sacrificial offering to Him.

How the people did give on Easter morning! On a table within the chancel were large pans which the people quickly filled with palm-ker- nels, rice and some money, including two silver finger rings, dear to the Kru woman's heart. Underneath the table were bundles of fiber, pieces of cloth, pans and plates, and half a dozen fowls. Our mission boys, at their own suggestion, went with- out a morning's meal in order to have the rice to give. Better than . all, the power of the Holy Spirit fell upon the people and several felt the touch of God upon them.

That morning we baptized nineteen out of heathenism into Christiar.- AN AFRICAN HUMAN FETISH ity, and received nine into full mem- bership. pressing heavily upon us which you An Appeal can lighten-even remove-if you Dear home friends, would you will, the crushing burden of securing want to live through such a fort- necessities for the boys our mission night as your missionary representa- is gathering up out of these filthy tives have just lived through-a fort- heathen towns into the clean, en- night of Witchcraft, Kidnapping, lightening, soul-reviving environment Murder. Cannibalism, SasswQOd of a Christian mission.

THE AMERICAN AND CHINESE STAFF OF THE PRINCETON CENTER I N PEKING The Princeton graduates in the group are: Robert R. Gailey, A.M ., '97, in the middl e of the bottom r om; .D. W. &lwards '04, two seats to Mr. Gailey 's . J'ight; J. S. Burgess '05, next to the last on the right o f the second row; L. D. Howell '13, third from th e right in the top row.

HEADQUARTERS OF THE PRINCETON Y. M. C. A. WORK IN

Princeton's Work In China * BY JOHN STEWART BURGESS,. PEKING, CHIN A Associate General Secretary, Y. M. C. A., Peking COOLIE out in the ficial and student constituency, the op- country districts of portune time in which our activities China, when he learns were started, and its wide outreach and that a traveler is an varied activities, has an absolutely unique American, says: "Amer- and influential place in the life of the ica is the best country in New China. the world. She alone of all the nations treats us justly and fairly and is our Dr. John R. Mott's estimate of Princefriend." Many high Chinese officials in ton's enterprise may be judged from a China's capital come unofficially to our recent utterance: American minister, Dr. Paul S. Reinsch, to ask advice and counsel on questions "Among all the universities of Euwhich that nation is having thrust upon rope and America which have related her. themsel yes in a practical and helpful way The diplomacy of John Hay and the to furthering the progress of the Chrisvast amount of altruistic service, by hos- tian Religion and of the highest civilizapitals, colleges, Young Men's Christian tion in non-Christian lands, I know of Associations and other organizations none which has recognized and seized a conducted by Americans, have all given larger and more significant opportunity the citizens of America, including busi- than Princeton has done in bringing its ness men and diplomatists, as well as influence to bear upon students and other members of the distinctively Christian classes of young men in Peking. The undertaking, a pre-eminent opportunity place to bring power to bear is where of influence in the Chinese Republic. power can' be most widely and most ad- Princeton's enterprise in Peking, on vantageously distributed. This princiaccount of its location, its important of- ple is illustrated in a remarkable man- ner by the Princeton work in this cap- ital city of China. The work being done –~ From The Princeton Alumni Weekly, Mar 31, 1916.

there has sent out a strong and helpful technique of science, of republican instiinfluence through the entire Chinese na- tutions, and of social progress. tion. In concentrating upon the edu- cated classes in Peking and seeking to Princeton at the Political Center influence their ideals and habits, Prince- Princeton has chosen as her sphere ton men have been striking at the heart of operations in changing China the ful- of the great need of China." crum of influence, her great capital of one million population. To that im- In Old Peking perial city come up the officials from The Princeton Center is put down in- every province and district to receive a1>- side the huge walls of the ancient cap- poi.lltmellt5 for every post, from the head ital of the oldest and largest nation of of the town post-office to the provincial the world. The landmarks of the past governorship. Not only are the mighty are about u,'. In erecting a four-story hosts of national officials in our city, but modern building we had to lay deep as it was recently estimated by Hi5 Ex- foundations because of the loose charac- cellency Liang Chi Chiao, Minister of ter of the soil; but as far down as the Justice, forty thousand "expectant offiworkmen dug they found the bricks and cials" (a class of men existing also in relics of bygone cities. Near this build- America, but not thus publicly desiging is the Imperial Palace, from which nated /) are constantly in the capital. for five centuries have gone out the mandates, first of the Ming and then of the In the fall you can go down to the Ching dynasty. The fortress of national railway stations outside the massive Confucianism, the great Temple of front gates of the city and see thousands Heaven, held to be the exact center of of young men pouring in from the Hanthe universe, is but a short ride from kow and Tientsin Railroads, corning up our Association. Great trains of camels, from every province to the universities just as in the days of which Marco and colleges of the great student center Polo wrote, still file out through the of the Republic. There is in Peking great city gates, making for the Mon- the Government University, with French, golian trail. German, British, American, Japanese and Chinese professors, and some twelve hun- But in the midst of the old are the dred students in its departments of eneven more significant marks of the new. gineering, political science, law and The streets are wide and well paved, literature. A Higher Technical CoIlege and over them pass the bicycle and au- with its great machines, the Customs tomobile. The ancient Hal! of Classics, CoIlege, which trains the officials that the most sacred spot of the scholars of are to control the great income collecting another day, is now lighted with electric- systems instituted by Sir Robert Hart, ity, and is connected with all parts of the the Higher Normal CoIlege, four law city by te1ephone~ The modern city colleges, and many other schools combine water system has all but crowded out the to make up the forty institutions of squeak of the wheelbarrow loaded with higher learning that are training seven well-water. And, more important than thousand college men to be leaders 6f any external changes, such as the cut- the new China.

ting off of queues and the introduction A Confusing Situation of western clothing, is the coming of new ideas and even the rise of a totally Imagine the problems that these young new vocabulary. The country peasant in men are facing. For the first time in the vain tries to read the city newspaper, history of China thousands of students fulI of new terms, words covering the have assembled in the large cities. Previ-

PRINCETON'S WORK IN CHINA

ously they went up to the provincial or Princeton's Beginning national capital only to take their examinations, but now they are grouped in In 1906 R. R. Gailey, '97, rich in excolleges. The landmarks of the past have perience a:nong the college men and ofbeen swept away. The old educational ficials in Tientsin, accompanied by D. system is considered archaic and much that is good has been swept away with Vv. Edwards, '04, rented a large pawnthe incoming of the new. Their very pi:Iars of ancient morai:ty and civiliza- shop on one of the main streets of Petion, the principles and teachings of Con- king. A small group of young men oi fucius, are by many considered to be the student and merchant class were inadequate for the present crisis. The bound together in what was known as nations of the West have forced China "The Green Age Association of Peking," to adopt the progressive methods <of a the Chinese translation of Young Men's new world. It is natural that the students Christian Assoc:ation.

Now, on the site of the pawnshop is a massive four-story building, one of the most imposing in the city. College men, STUDENTS AT WORK IN THE COMMERCIAL COLLEGE CONDUCTED BY PRINCETON MEN should feel, as one of them expressed young officials, Chinese who have studhimself to me in a class in the Higher ied abroad, young merchants, altogether Normal' College: "We have long de- over two thousand of the picked, propended upon the moral principles and gressive element of young China, are sanctions of Confucianism. You see to united in this great slub. They throng what an ineffective state following these our social rooms, make use of our pool ancient precepts has brought us. Now parlors, gymnasium, bowling alleys and we wish to find out the way to acquire shower baths. They live in our dormitormodern industry, to gain wealth, to build ies, they attend lectures on every conceivup an army and navy and to have power, able subject, which are held in the hall so that we may compete on equal terms holding over a thousand people. They with nations of Europe, with the United crowd our restaurant, where both Chi- States and Japan." It is not surprizing nese and foreign food is served. In the that after only nine years of contact with summer months they swann our roof Western education, in the mdst of the garden where ice cream and drinks can confusion of a new-thought world and be obtained. Last, but not least, they of new methods, young China overlooks come in great numbers to see that indisthe moral and religious foundation of pensable feature of all modern life (so our western civilization and life. faithfully patronized also by Princeton

undergraduates) the moving picture passed by the outside of the building on show. Often as many as twelve hundred a dark night. Lined up along the crowd our auditorium to witness the street are jinrickshaws, canvas-covered antics of the indefatigable Charlie Chap- Peking carts drawn by mules, a car- lin or to have the processes of a new riage or two and even an automobile; world revealed to them by scientific and the entry is stacked with bicycles; all educational films. are the conveyances of 500 men and boys who are inside struggling with Its Significance the rudiments of the English language, the key to Western learning and com- The significance of this great Prince- mercial success. In the beginners' ton Club for the social and moral welfare class a man of forty will be sitting of the young men of the city can be perhaps by a lad of fifteen; a well- be grasped only when it is realized that known professional man beside an ap- hitherto the center for social and recre- prentice. In one advanced class alone ational Ii fe for many students and offi- last winter were members from three cials has been the licensed red-district. of the government boards, a telephone In the days before the erection of this operator, a librarian, a bank clerk, and building students and young officials the head of 5anitatiol1 for the city. justly said that there seemed no other spot for their dinners, games and even These are the evening classes alone. political discussions than this quarter, In the daytime there is a regular com- full of tea-houses, hotels, theaters amI mercial school of 200, all expenses of pool-rooms. The dual deficiencies of Chi- one hundred of these students covered nese life, the lack of an interesting home- by one Chinese philanthropist who has life and the absence of wholesome recre- come to believe in the efficiency of ation, have made possible the degrading the organization. Here are the fu- influence of this section of Peking. China, ture bankers and business men of the once the most moral country known, has country. The first class is graduating been thrown open to the influences of this spring. Anyone who has had the the West, and has added our temptations slightest dealings with Chinese cur- to her own. New drugs and drinks and rency-and, it goes without saying, got diseases, hitherto unknown, have crept in the worst of it-will agree that the alongside other innovations from the Oc- training of young men in the only cident. A misunderstanding of the so- finance college of the capital is a great cial ideals abroad, the influx in the great contribution to the business life of cities of thousands of young men for China. The added fact that the nation the first time free from the restraints of is just entering a new industrial age family or village life, the "new freedom" will give significance to this particular which has come in with the Republic, part of Princeton's. work. and in many cases the rejection of even the best in China's past-all have com- Chinese Leadership and Support bined to bring about an acute and dan- gerous situation. As competitor to all It must not be imagined that four this stands Princeton's social and recrea- American Princeton men single-handed tive club. are conducting this great social and educational enterprise. That would be To be true to Princeton's ideal of poor generalship. The men there are scholarship, of course tthe work must the advisors and inspirers of a staff have its educational side. Any alumnus of twenty-two Chinese cooperators. . touring the Orient would certainly be Moreover, for every dollar which convinced that it had if he merely Princeton men give for the support

PRINCETON'S WORK I:-J CHl:~A

of your foreign secretaries, the Chinese The Chinese Cooperating themselves give two and a half to cover the entire local expense of the work. No American in China has a greater Princeton sends $10,000 yearly, while number of influential Chinese as his the local budget of $25,000 is raised personal friends than "Bob" Gailey, the entirely from Chinese sources. Be- pioneer of Princeton's work. Mr. sides the large income from member- Gailey's early fame as Princeton's AUship dues, dormitory rent and educa- American center on her victorious foottional fees, the Chinese officials and ball teams has been far eclipsed by his merchants of the city, who thoroughly national prestige in changing China. believe in our work, subscribe liberally. He has been instrumental in organiz- Yuan Shih Kai personally contributed ing the local directorate of our Assoone thousand dollars a year, and each ciation from the leading young procabinet member gives a hundred. gressives of the capital. The Presi- dent, C. C. Wang, Ph.D., a Yale man, His Excellency Wellington V. K. is now head of the Board of Accounts Koo, the present Minister of the Chi- of the Chinese Government. The Vicenese Government in Washington, says: President is General Chang, Military "Princeton graduates have been ma- Advisor to President Yuan .and head king their influence for good felt among of the great popular anti-opium movethe people. whom they are helping. ment, a man who went to England to They have been encouraging the de- adddress the British Parliament on the velopment of physical education and importation of opium. The treasurer is have been using every opportunity to second in control of the National Bank help develop the Chinese youth physi- of China, and the secretary has recally, intellectually and morally; and cently become head of the college their work is very much appreciated department of the Government Uniby the Chinese people, as is evidenced versity. in the hearty way in which they are supporting this work." This organization of progressive Chinese has not confined its activi- Princeton Men Abroad and Their ties to the walb of the building, but Backing has taken the whole of Peking, with its million population, as its field Several college generations are rep- of operations. The work of the physiresented in the Princeton Center staff cal director, Amos N. Hoagland, '06, in Peking: R. R. Gailey, '97; D. W. illustrates this point. Our gymnasium is a beehive of calisthenic classes, bas- Edwards, '04; J. S. Burgess, '05; A. N. ketball games, and track events, but Hoagland has been reaching out toward Hoaglapd, '06, and D. W. Carruthers, the' athletic development of the sehools '15. A Chinese graduate student, Mr. and colleges of the city. Intercollegiate Tong, has recently joined the force in basketball, track, and foothall have been Peking, and is to have special rela- organized. To a generation of students tion to the large group of students who whose one idea was to burn the midhave returned from their studies night oil and feverishly to seek Westabroad. These Princeton men in Pe- ern knowledge, we have brought the king are sent out by the Philadelphian gospel of a wholesome physical devel- Society through the International Com- opment. To a class of men prey to mittee of the Young Men's Christian the ravages of tuberculosis, we have Association. Princeton's over-seas in- shown the healing power of outdoor terest is now a vital and integral part life. Students at first used to "quit" of the whole religious and social service program of the university at home.

if they saw that their team was going Inter-Church Campaign for College to be beaten; to them has been brought Men the cooperative and loyal spirit of Old Nassau, that sees the game through Convinced that for the sages of the and cheers both winner and loser alike. New China and for the progress of the Christian Church, the time had come for By permission of the Government, in concerted action in presenting the highthe park surrounding the Altar of est ideals of a Christian civilization to Heaven Princeton men helped organize these leaders of a new age, the Princethe first national track meet of China. ton group in Peking arranged for the Last year Hoagland headed the Chinese VISIt of Mr. G. Sherwood Eddy. national team, which in the Far East- Through influential Chinese friends, ern Olympics in Shanghai, defeated the permission was secured to erect a large teamS' of Japan and the Philippines. mat-shed in the gardens of the Forbid- den City, a place no one of us had even In China the educated classes have, entered before. Under the leadership since the days of Confucius had grave of Princeton men, two hundred of the scepticism on all religious questions. foreign and Chinese Christian leaders Confucius said "I can not under- of the city were organized into training stand man. How can I expect to give classes to prepare to meet the religious you any knowledge about the gods?" and moral problems of young men. A The influence of the wonderful trans- special course of study on fundamental lations of Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Christian beliefs was prepared by one Adam Smith, and Mill, that were made of the Princeton staff. On the day of forty years ago by the greatest living Mr. Eddy's first meeting, a half-holiday scholar of China, Yen Fu, have by un- to all college men of the city was given warrantable inference added many new by the Minister of Education, and four anti-religious arguments to traditional thousand of them, together with many sceptical views. Moreover, according to of the younger officials, attended the a Chinese scholar who reads English, first session. The lasting results were the, distinctly religious references in beyond all expectation. For eight Darwin's writings are omitted alto- months there was an average attendgether in the translation. The college ance of over five hundred in the group students are all familiar in a superficial classes held in eleven different churches way whh the general principles of these in the city. Four hundred other young books and have assumed from them men, who either refused to go inside a that the whole of modern scientific church or who had become interested thought is against religion. Little or in Christianity through other meetings, nothing of the more recent scientific held their clas'ses in our building. In literature which gives the spiritual im- many churches of the city the result plication of modern thought has yet has been that great numbers of a totally found its way into the Chinese lan- new social class, and that the leading guage. class of China, have become active members. The whole Christian move- Forced to be leaders in colossal devel- ment in Peking has assumed a new opments along modern lines in education, aspect through this campaign, and hithin government, in social reform, and in erto unreached groups have been openeQ industry, these young men are groping up to the influence of Christian activi~ after the secrets of national strength, tieS'. which can be found in religion and morality alone.

PRINCETON'S WORK IN CHINA

A City-Wide Social Service Program the college men of the city, the map has been divided into four sections, each There is abroad among the young college having its own sphere of in- Chinese a most ardent patriotism. This fluence. One New Year's Day fifty thouintense desire to help China has some- sand moral reform and health calendars times found its expression in the cut- were distributed by five hundred colting off of fingers in order to write, lege men from house to house. The with blood, petitions to the Emperor. club members met in their own college, Frequently Chinese young men come to and going out two by two they covered your' Princeton representatives and say, the streets in their own special portion "What can I do for my country? Will of the city. People who witnessed colyou not tell us by what methods we caJ'! lege men for the first time in history make our nation strong and effective?" doing the work of coolie and messenger were utterly astonished and concluded There is plently to be done in a na- that a new spirit had gotten into the tion where half the people scarely know city. It had. where the next meal is to come from and where eighty per cent. can neither Social Institutions ot Peking read nor write. Your Princeton delegates have endeavored to direct this Far more important than the work splendid new patriotism into channels of actually done by these college men is intelligent service. their beginning an accurate study of social conditions which will give the In 1912 a club of forty college men necessary information for a more comwas organized, called the Peking Stu- prehensive and far-reaching social prodents' Social Service Club. This has at gram. First a careful survey of the present a membership of more than six forty social institutions of the capital hundred, drawn from nearly every col- was made, including poor-houses, orlege in the city. It has opened and phanages, industrial homes, hospitals manned the first public playgrounds in and many other Chinese government in- China. It started five free night-schools stitutions. Some were run very well, for poor boys or college servants where others were in a horrible condition. It all the teaching is the voluntary work is the hope of the Princeton men to of college men. It has sent out lec- organize all working in these instituturing teams to ten the people of the tions into a social union of the city, duties of citizenship in the new Repub- wherein new and progressive methods lic, to instruct them in hygiene and shan be discust and where the plans household sanitation and to warn them shaH be determined upon for the best against the dangers of immorality. The possible use of the meager equipment Christian members of the club, who are already in China's capital. relatively few in number, but the driving power of the whole organization, A model orphanage, where fifty boys have combined with the message of so- and fifty girlS', many of them rescued cial reform the deeper Gospel of Christ from the Hankow fire, are educated and His kingdom. One summer, lec- along industrial lines, has been reorgantures were held in the open. playground ized under the leadership of the Princefor ten evenings, and the attendance of ton secretaries, and a group of Chinese men, women and children who sat on who have studied in America. It is be-' mats to see 1antern s1ides and to hear ing conducted not only for the benefit the lectures by the studentS' averaged of the children, but as a demonstraover five hundred a night. tion of one model charitable institution.

For the most effective organization of

Diverse Activities group classes in the study of Christian- ity. Already one member of the class Many other forms of work have been of 1916 has decided to go out for a entered into by the Princeton Center in year, and that at his own expense. Peking. It was they who rented a great temple, with its ample grounds, Princeton Just Beginning outside the walls of the city among the VIestern Hills. This has become the Princeton has made a good beginning Northfield of China, and here each sum- but has only started to enter into the mer several hundred students meet for position of leadership which is potentl~n days and get refreshment of body tially hers. The equipment is entirely and inspiration of soul. It is even whis- inadequate. We need another building pen'd that they have lent a hand at in the great student center of the city, c:mferences for girl students. It was which is two miles from our present under the 1ea:Jership of one of the staff, plant. We neee! four more Princeton D. W. Edwards, 'O-l, that there was men at once, OIlC to cooperate in this organized the Student Volunteer Move- ~reat social and religious program of ment for thc Christian ministry of the city, one to heJp in the deve/opment China. The Y. M. C. A.'s of ten schools of the boy-life of Pekil1g, especially of of the city with a membership of over twenty-five thousand primary school stu- 60ll students have been made into a mct- <lents. Two more men are needed for ropolitan system and snpervisecl by the f;cneral executive work in the new plant. Princeton men. They should be on language study at once, in order to be ready in two years An account of the work for the In- for active work., Two Princeton graduternational Guards, protecting their va- ates are already available for these posirious legations il1 Peking, would be a tions if their salaries can be secured. long story all of itself. Princeton for We need financial support for the openthe last eight years has' always had one ing of the first social settlement of all of her graduates leading in athletic, edu- China, for the equipment of a modern cational, social and religious activities play-ground and athletic field and for for these men of many nations, now meeting a large number of other minor many of them on the battlefields of Eu- needs. rope. To quote Mr. Frederick Moore, formerly of the Associated Press, "Pe- Up to the present time Princeton's king would be a different place without annual contribution to her Peking enterthe Princeton men and their work. prise has never exceeded $10,000, all of I know of the work you do for the which has gone toward the budgets of American and other soldiers of the Le- her own men on the fidd; the Chinese gation Guards in the Soldiers' Y. M. have looked after the running expenses. C. A. That is the only public place Our undergraduates eontributed this for the soldiers that is not a beer-hall year one thousand dollars toward this or a brothel." D. W. Carruthers, '15, work. is attacking this line of work vigorously. There is no choicer field of oppor- It is planned to have three or four tunity for service and influence in the of the best members of the graduating world than the one entrusted to Princeclass of the year selected to go to Pe- ton. It is an enterprise for which from king on a one-year term of service, to many other sources it would not be difwork among the English-speaking Chi- ficult to secure either men or money, nese students of the capital, whether in but this is Princeton's unique chance. athletics, social service, or in teaching

A GROUP OF COUNTRY PEOPLE IN GUERRERO

Reconstruction In Mexico BY G. B. WINTON, D.D., NASHVILLE, TENN. Author of "Mexico To·day."

ItTIHE affairs in connection the United States, as well as New York with Mexico that have and Washington, and who are aided in been of late most promi- laying on the colors by the politicians nently brought to the at- who are trying to discredit the present tention of the American administration. • . public have not been the really important developments in that The northwestern corner of Mexico, country. especially the State of Chihuahua, has suffered a great deal. It has only two There is no reason for war between standard industries-stack-raising and the United States and Mexico, and it is mining. Its farming operations are lim- not desired by either of the govern- ited and precarious, depending almost ments. Selfish and unpatriotic citizens wholly upon irrigation. It is thinly set- of both nations have sought to bring tled and hence lends itself to revolution- about such a conflict and they have been ary operations. It was there that Ma- much aided by partizan politics in the dero nursed into life his armed move- United States and by a sort of national ment against Diaz, which succeeded, let hysteria to which people seem subject it not be forgotten, only through the when stirred up by the "yellow" press. open sympathy and cooperation of American citizens'. To that same region Conditions in Mexico are nothing like returned the vain and overrated mule so bad as they are usually represented. driver Orozco, when Madero gave him The gloomy pictures of Mexican affairs only $30.000 for his services instead of are painted by the exiled politicians of the $100,000 which he demanded. He Mexico who throng the border cities of

then organized his illiterate cowboy fol- of Saltillo and San Luis Potosi and relowers into a band of colorados ("reds," turn via Aguas Calientes, Torreon and because they carried a red flag and pro- Chihuahua, taking practically no risks in fessed some sort of socialism), who doing so. robbed and harried the country for months. The important matters in Mexico are the cohesion of the Carranza group of Later, when Madero's friends bega·n leaders, the solution of the monetary a revolution against the assassin usurper situation, the rehabilitation of the rail- Huerta, another Chihuahua mulete~r ways, and the final elimination of bri- (and bandit, this time) forged forward gandage. The incursion of American and became a "general." This was troops in pursuit of a few bandits I~ Francisco Villa, so called. His name is important only in the risk it brought said to be Dorateo Arango. By reason upon us of getting into an armed conof a strain of real military genius, he flict with the whole Mexican people. It came to take a prominent part in the afforded, to be sure, a safety valve for new revolution. But, like Orozco, he the belligerency of our jingoes and gave would not remain faithful to any prin- our soldiers some excellent practice. ciples or group longer than he was able Otherwise it amounted to nothing at all. to have his own arbitrary way. When We have run down and shot a few he rebelled against Carranza, in the fall bandits'-good riddance, no doubt, for of 1914, it was a more serious matter which the Mexicans are duly grateful. than the defection of Orozco from Ma- But they could have done that even betdero. Yet within a year he too had ter. The American "invasion" has been driven into the fastnesses of Chi- given the enemies of Carranza in Mexhuahua, where for six months more he ico a pretext for nagging at him and has again been vexing the countryside. enabled the bandit captains to recruit a Naturally affairs there are now a good number of innocent boys who believe deal demoralized, and in EI Paso and that they are defending their country. along the border near there the corre- The Big Bend raid was simply an inspondent can gather up harrowing cursion of thieves. People of that type stories of "conditions in Mexico," which infest that whole desolate, forsaken land are perfectly true. on both sides of the river and have from time immemorial. This band did not even For months there has been quiet in own rifles nor leaden shot for their all the thickly settled States of the east- cheap shotguns. The soldiers they murern and southern parts of the great dered were killed with brass' slugs and Mexican plateau. Such fighting as has pieces of nails. One who has been in taken place has been along the railway Mexico recognizes at once the type of lines or high up in the mountain ranges. Mexican and the type of weapon identi- The farmers out on the plains have not fied by this one fact. been disturbed by it. The railways are cleared now, and the trains are running The Carranza government is holding regularly. There is not much rolling together well. So long as the leaders stock left, and the tracks are in bad agree and cooperate, no movement condition. But I get my daily paper against it has the slightest chance of promptly, five days from Mexico City to success. Obregon has charge of the Nashville, and letters go to almost any army and seems to be on the best of part of the republic without serious de- terms both with Mr. Carranza (he does lay. Any newspaper correspondent who not wish to be called "General" Carreally wants to know about "conditions ranza) and with his subordinate genin Mexico" can go to the capital by way erals. The leaders among these are

RECONSTRUCTION IN MEXICO 6I3

Gonzales, in command at Mexico City, government's promise to pay instead of and Trevino, in charge of the border re~ forcing it to borrow money abroad and gion, headquarters at Torreon. The thus come under obligation to foreigners. Foreign Secretary, Aguilar, is also a Just now a popular movement is on to military man. He was in command be- reduce the government's obligations by fore Vera Cruz when that city was oc- destroying the old "greenbacks." Clubs, cupied by our troops. Cabrera, the Sec- schools, patriotic societies and other orretary of the Treasury, is a civilian, as ganizations hold public meetings from is Acuna, Secretary of the Interior. time to time to celebrate the burning of bundles of bills contributed by their At the beginning Carranza and his as- members. The government is also desociates could not effect a foreign loan. stroying the old war issue as fast as They had no credit. So they financed the notes are paid in. They are actheir movement by means of government cepted by it for all forms of internal notes in the form of money. Carranza revenue. It is hoped to eliminate them said that this was more equitable than within a month or two. forced loans from a few, as it made all the citizens share the burden. Later, Meantime the country is prospering. when it might have been possible to The new crop of corn will soon be in, negotiate a loan, the constitutionalist and danger of famine is practically over. government stuck to its plan of relying Rehabilitating the railroads is a good on fiat money. But meantime it had deal of a problem. Here perhaps more got possession of the rich income of than at any other point is needed the cothe ports of entry, where duties are operation and guidance of American payable in silver, and also of huge rev- friends. It is unfortunate that strained enue from exports of minerals, hides and political relations between the two counpetroleum. All minerals, especially zinc, tries continue to make such cooperation copper, cyanides and iron have gone up difficult. in price by reason of the European war. The demand for some of them is enor- We believe that a new day is dawnmous, and many of the mines arc work- ing for educational and evangelistic ing overtime. The production of coal work. The revolution was aimed in part oil in Mexico is in staggering figures. against clericalism, which stands in Mex- This is one of the richest fields in the ico for the ignorance of the masses and world and is not yet fully developed. the donomination of the rich. It has Durin:; 1915 35,010,000 barrels were ex- opened the way anew for Protestantism, ported. I do not know the exact rate of which always goes to the masses first, export tax, but understand that it with its' message of light and liberation. amounts to over a dollar in silver to the The Protestant people in Mexico are solbarrel. It will be seen at once that idly behind the new movement, and the Carranza government is far from many of them are in places of influence bankruptcy. in the government. Their integrity and intelligence have given them recognition. There is naturally a good deal of If we had educated still more boys and trouble with the merchandise over paper girls and impressed still a larger segmoney. The banking centers seem ment of the people with true ideals of rather disappointed also because no righteousness and patriotism, much of great loan has been negotiated. It is not the bloodshed and disorder of recent at all clear, however, that Carranza and years would have been averted. We Cabrera have made a mistake. They are should get to work with vigor now to appealing to the people of Mexico to provide against such things in the fushow their patriotism by accepting the ture.

PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN MEXICO The Foreign Workers in 1910 Compared With Those on the Field in July, 1916 1Hssionary Stations Out· J1issionaries Stations Occupied Force 1910 in 1910 Stations SOCIEty in 1910 on Field, in June, 1916 28 1916 12 .Ill. Raot. H. 11. S.. ……. 9 4 53 8 ~11l. Bible Society……… 1 1 . . . . i-ie'r·~~~i·lid.· ,46 .111. Board C. F. :'vi……. 15 4 .111. Friends Bd. F. M….. 15 222 3 21 Ct;': ~i~;'!'c~' P~cblo. Guanajl1ato. ~letllOdist Episcopal. . . . . .. 31 21 6 44 . 63 "ethodist Ch"rch (So.)…. 55 8 2 .Mexlco City, Guadalajara.

Presbyterian Rd. F. 1L. . . .. 26 9 o4 Mexico City, Merida.

Presbyterian Church (South) 9 4 o Christian Woman's TId…. If) 3 5 Mexico 'Cit~' ~~d Guadalaj ara.

Protes:ant Episcopal…….. 39 4 Southern Bapt. Conv……. 28 10 5 Mexico City, Toluca, Juarez.

International Y. M. C. A… 14 2 8 Mexico City, Monterey, Chihuahua Pentecostal Church …….. 12 4 o o Hephzibah Faith 11. A.. …. . 2 1 Penial Miss. Soc……….. 3 1 Seventh Day Adv. . . . . . . . . . 9 1 i'~~bi~"""'" .

Woman's Bapt. H. M. S… 3 3 o3 Christian lVfissions . . . . . . . . . 6 3 Totals ……………. 294 75 520 34 In ten stations.

The Missionary Situation In Mexico LATEST REPORTS FROM THE MISSION HEADQUARTERS IiA)RMED intervention in reconstruction. The Mexicans need an Mexico might ultimately exhibition of brotherly love rather than bring order out of chaos, of brute force; they need enlightenment but it would be at heavy -not extermination. It is such a better cost both to the Mexican course that will most surely convince people and to the United them that we do not want to add to States. Certain factions on both sides the United States territory at the exof the border have been endeavoring pense of Mexico. Fortunately, the way to provoke a conflict but the two gov- semes to be paved for a peaceful settleernments, the masses of the people and ment of present difficulties. Let Mexithe Christian missionaries, have been can patriots agree among themselves in working to preserve peace and to estab- the support of a central government and lish an orderly government. an enlightened program and observe treaty obligations. Then prosperity will There is a better way than the killing follow. of men and the destruction of property. Carranza is endeavoring to establish an The vast majority of the Mexicans enlightened government and has selected want peace, but they are afraid the able advisors for various official posts. Americans will not allow them to re- The United States government could tain their independence. The ignorant better afford to furnish $10,000,000 for have a notion that "Gringoes" are weak schools and constructive public improv- and afraid but the enlightened leaders ments than the Big Northern Brother know better. The better class of young could afford to spend $200,000,000 and Mexicans have tasted a new spirit, and 100,000 men in forcible destruction and demand liberty. Nine-tenths of the

16 ] THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN MEXICO 61

people have no education and do not never so prosperous. The people welknow the difference between a secular come American Christians, believing book and a Bible. Until the Protestant that this type of religion wiII bring them Bible societies and misisonaries came Eberty. In all the months of unsettled there was only one edition of the Bible conditions very few Protestant churches jJublished in Mexico, and that was sold have been damaged and these were asat $153 jJcr copy. Where they remain sailed by fanatically led mobs. Protesin rural districts, the people have high tants include many among the young morals, but when they make their homes leaders who have been trained in the in cities, moral restrictions are easily mission day- and Sunday-schools. Mexithrown off. cans are born preachers, and natural orators. Seventy languages and dialects are found among the Indians of Mexico, Protestants also spur the native Rotho the official speech is Spanish. man Catholics to a purer type of Chris- The polite speech was once French, but tianity and hold the leaders in paths of English has now become popular. lawful government. Among the thirty-seven families or tribes of Indians, only three – the RECENT REPORTS FROM MIS- Yaquis, Tutos and the Mayas of Yuca- SIONARIES tan-are prone to go on the war path. The other tribes are peace-loving, anJ In reply to a letter sent to the various only arise when led by a religious or Protestant boards and socieies having political fanatic who convinces them missions in Mexico we have received that their liberty is in danger. They the following communications (most of also are rendered unaccountable by the them dated about July 1): native intoxicants, pulque, which is the juice of the of the maquey plant. Most Protestant Episcopal Church of the Indians of Mexico are baptized pagans and, in rural regions, they are "Ve have not called the staff home, almost purely idolatrous. They have de- hut have wired Bishop Aves (in Guadagraded their religious forms until they lajara) and the Archdeacon to use every are heathenish. precaution to safeguard the members of the mission. We have had no word di- General Carranza insists. as do his rectly from the field as to what action associates, that they are not anti-Chris- wiII be taken. tian but are anti-clerical-that is, they object to the priests or church officials "The present disturbance in Mexico having any hand in politics. Forty years has been very damaging to our work. ago all Jesuits, nuns, and Catholic orders All of the English-speaking congregawere expelled from Mexico and now any tions, with the exception of that in who remain are there illegally. Form- Mexico City, have been scattered; crly, the Protestants were persecuted, many of the Mexican congregations but now they are free and their religion have likewise been scattered. In somc is recognized. instances members of the congrega- tion have been carried off by maraud- During the war many people have left ing bands. We do not know to what the rural regions and have come to the extent our property in the smaller towns, large centers of population. They are and especially the mountain districts opprest by the constant disorders, and around Mexico City, has suffered. The thus feel their human helplessness Josephine Hooker School for Girls in keenly. Men always turn to God in time Tacuba, one of the suburbs of Mexico of trouble. Hence the mis'sion wQr!,; was City, was closed for a year or more, but was reopened last autumn with an at- tendan<;e Qf abqut twenty g-irIs. St. An.~

drew's School for Boys in Guadalajara school, and two nurses, and are fortunwas closed in 1914 and reopened about ate in having an American pastor in a year later with a reduced staff. It charge of our Baptist church there. Our bas bad several visits from bandits and school in Puebla has been in splendid has suffered accordingly. The last letter condition all through the difficulties and from Bishop Aves indicated that he because 'Of the closing of ~he public would probably be obliged to close the schools since Christmas has numbered school building, but hoped to carryon over 300 and could have been double the the work in the buildings of a Congre- size had we had the equipment and gational school, located within the city. teachers.

"From a military point of view there "The only thing in all the troubles can be only one result of war with Mex- in Mexico which our missionaries have ico; namely, Mexico's defeat and to a feared most was war with- the United certain extent her humiliation. Religi- States, or intervention.

ously and from the missionary point of "Our work has not suffered as has view, unquestionably war with Mexico been the case in some of the other dewould set back considerably the work nominations, because we have so many now under way, and perhaps put an end native workers and a smal1er proportion to it for a period of years. On the other of American representatives. It has hand, may it not be possible that after been our expectation for the last year Mexico had taken her punishment she or two to greatly enlarge our work in would realize, as children often do, that Mexico, and we were looking for addithose who administered the punishment tional teachers to send down this fall, were her best friends?" but the present indications are that we W oman's Baptist Home Mission will have to give up hopes of any ad- vance work until conditions are settled."

"In Mexico, our attention of recent years has been given largely to the edu- The American Board All of the American staff of mission- ';V cational work. e have large day schools in Monterey, Mexico City and aries are out of Mexico now except Puebla, with a small day school at Miss Lora F. Smith, who is at Hermo· Guadalupe. In addition to these schools sillo_ All the other missionaries have we have several native workers who are been called home in accordance with, the slerving as missionaries in connection exprest wish of the United States gov- with our missionS'. ernment.

"Our school work has continued al- Th~ work of the Board, while inter- most interruptedly since the beginning rupted in some ways, has in others been of the difficulties. In Mexico City our stimulated. T,he sens'e of uncertainty American principal left at the beginning has made people at all associated with of the troubles and we secured a Mexi- the Mission even more eager for its can pastor to take charge of the school. ministrati{)n. Services have been largely This school has kept up well all through attended, including prayer meetings.

the months of disturbance, but now Work on new buildings has been seems to be losing ground. Our school somewhat interrupted, tho plans for in Monterey had an American principal, new buildings have been made, and whom we recalled two years ago, and negotiations started for the purchase we succeeded in finding a Mexican of land for their erection. Our young man to take charge of the school. missionaries have deprecated United In Puebla, we have an American kinder- States intervention on the ground that gartner, who is in charge of the day it would antagonize the Mexicans in general, and increase their suspicion of begin to realize and appreciate the benea spirit of aggression on the part of the fit. I have become convinced that there United States in her dealings with Mex- is no hope for Mexico, or in anything ico. Our missionaries have felt that the except the Christian education of its iloutlook for missionary work, when order literate masses. was restored, was brighter than ever. The Roman Catholic hierarchy and International Y. M. C. A. their interests have been so attacked of late that the situation of Protestant Barring financial difficulties, the past missions has been improved. year-and two months in particular- have been the most fruitful ever experi- Presbyterian Church (South) enced by the Associations in our three stations in Mexico, judging particularly The work of the Southern Presby- by the depth and prevalence of genl11ne terian Church in Mexico is in the two religioui> interest. The membership i'as north border states of Tamaulipas and exceeded in volume also any previous Neuvo Leon, and the stations occupied period. Not counting Mexican secreare: Linares, C. Victoria, Matamoras and aries, we have three Americans in Mex- Montemorelos. For two years past our ico City, all of whom are married, one missionaries have not attempted to live in Monterey and one in Chihuahua, both in Mexico. They have remained at of the latter being single. We have two points on the border and have made new men under appointment for the latvisits to the field as conditions admitted. ter city. Weare leaving to the discre- tion of the several men and their ad- Through all the troubles of the past visors whether or not they shall rei ire two years the native church in our field from the field. has .held together and carded on its work with vigor and succes·s. The ab- War with Mexico could not fail to sence of the missionaries except for the place our American secretaries in very occasional visits' they made, did not delicate relations, tho their known prove to be a disadvantage in every friendship for the Mexican people would respect. A new spirit of self-reliance protect them from violence. seemed to be developed in the native church. Regular services were contin- Southern Baptist Convention ued in nearly all the churches, the day schools were kept in operation, some At present, we have in our South good evangelistic meetings were held, as Mexican Mission Rev. J. E. Davis and the result of which many were brought wife in Mexico City and Rev. C. L. into the church. Neal and wife at Toluca. Thei>e mis- pionaries have remained in Mexico The immediate result of war with the throughout the revolutionary period. A United States would inevitably be to number of the other missionaries in the inflame the hostility of the Mexican South Mexican Mission have felt that people towards Americans to such an it was better for them to leave their extent that missionary work among them stations. of any kind will be n;ndered impossible for some time to come. If our country In our North Mexican field Rev. W. could inaugurate a regime of kindness F. Hatchell is still in Juarez and Rev. and justice in dealing with the Mexican people, I do not believe it would be very J. S. Cheavans is at Eagle Pass, Texas. long before the opprest millions who have suffered so long at the hands of the Other-s ha~e returned to the United t~w wlW h.av~ Qwned. the countrr wou.lcl States.

We have been c{)nducting consider- able mission operations in the North Mexican field throughout the revolu- tionar:y I?eriod and the wQrk ha.s bec:11,

remarkably blest of the Lord through disastrous to Protestant miSSions. The these distressing times. In fact, we have forces which have produced the friction, been deeply imprest with the remarkable which have fomented the strife and success that has attended the labors of stand ready to finance the war as far our foreign missionaries and their na- as Mexico is concerned, are hostile to tive co-laborers. There were reported Protestant missions and to democracy. 194 baptisms in our Mexican missions The outcome of such a war will almost last year, which was about the average inevitably strengthen the position of the number for many years. We have been anti-Protestant forces. If Carranza on greatly pleased to witness the faithful- the other hand could be encouraged and ness and effectiveness of our native supported in this aged long struggle of brethren. In spite of the hardships they Mexico for independent and democratic have had to endure, !hey have rendered government, Protestant missions would a splendid account of themselves and receive every encouragement and, upon have been very active in preaching the his success, the doors of opportunIty Gospel. The people have never been would be forever thrown wide open to more receptive to the Gospel-preaching the Christian forces of North America. than they have been during the last year. The turn which the aJitation has taken will doubtless be harmful to Protes["nl I shudder at the thought of war with missions, even should war be averted Mexico. I do pray that this threatened Our devout and earnest prayer is that calamity may be averted. It would be a we may escape war with torn and perlong drawn-out struggle and much blood- turbed Mexico. shed and the consequent embittering of the Mexicans against the people in the Methodist Episcopal Church United States. At the same time, I realize that if there should be a war There has been no real disturbance ill between the two countries, the ultimate our Missions, but our schools have been result would be the opening of Mexico closed. in a wider way to the Gospel message. Up to July 1 we had twelve or more Methodist Church (South) American workers in Mexico located at Guanajuato, Mexico City, Pachuca, We have at present but two men in Puebla. Since then, most of them have the interior of Mexico, the Superinten- come home. dent of the Mexico City District and the Superintendent of the Guadalajara The United States would make a mis- District. We have three other superin- take to intervene because the people tendents who have been looking after would at once be cemented against the their work with more or less interrup- United States, for all of them are hearttion, namely: Superintendent of the purposed to free their country of the Monterey District, Superintendent of land owners and to enjoy real liberty. the El Paso District and Superintendent They are only divided concerning of the Pacific Mexico Mission. These methods. They argue that the territory last three men have been living in border loss of the former Mexican war will be towns on the United States side. duplicated if they do not utterly lose their independence. None but the Mexi· Several of our schools have gone on cans themselves can solve the disorder· with little or no intermption and with ing problems among them. These very good patronage under superintendence disorders are the b;rth-struggles of a of native workers. better day. They are strong enough to solve them ultimately. It would require In my judgment, war between the 100,000 soldkn and <l,t least five year~ Vnited States and Mexico would prove to subjugate them at all. They would tion at Mexico City is in charge of a harass and destroy our troops in every native physician and preacher. His last conceivable way. They would stop at no letter indicates that they are meeting measure known to the Indian to pick off with success, and that up to the time of our men and harass the army. We hope his letter the work had continued uninthat war will be averted. terrupted. W e have three stations in Southern Mexico, but all have been Christian Woman's Board of Missions closed. No doubt, the above also an- A few years ago, we had sixteen swers your fourth question as to the results of the disturbance among the American mIssIOnaries in Mexico. Protestant work. Our missionary re- When the orders came, about three years ports that he has a large hearing and ago, for Americans to come out of Mex- that they have some real definite reico, our workers came away, many of sults. them against their own wishes. We have been able to keep from four to six Hephzibah Faith Mi.sionary American missionaries in our station at Piedras Negras, just across the river On account of disturbances two years from Eagle Pass, Texas. A telegram ago in Mexico, our missionaries were last week told us that they had all come compelled to leave the field. '1 hey were across the river to Eagle Pass, bringing located in Tuxpam, and were in the the little orphanage group with them, midst of the disturbances for several and their medical work also. weeks, and felt that the Lord signally worked for them in protecting them, and In several towns where we had a good keeping them in peace in the midst of the active church, I suppose there is really trouble. Since then the country has nothing left of our work except as it been in such a disturbed condition, that may be in the scattered individuals. we have not thought it best for them Some of the mining towns have been en- to return. There was a company of tirely broken up. Christians to which they ministered, and they have kept in tOllch with them Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene more or less by letter. All of our American workers have returned to the United States. Our sta- "YE DID IT NOT" * BY c. MAUD BROWN A poor blind man-he passed me by the And cast a gleam of sunshine on his blind- wayside, ness, He could not see me-how I turned Who by no kind or friendly hand was led. away; He passed me by so slowly, stopping, Soon he was lost to view, and then the stumbling, day died, His face as anxious with unspoken fear; Soon on us both night's dark'ning shad- In heavy clouds a distant storm was rum- ows lay. bling, But since that hour his list'ning face is And dangers that he knew not might be ever near. Rising before me as I come and go, Why did I let him pass? He who will Why was I silent? Were the angels weep- ing? never. Pass me again-no rivers backward flow. Was it not stich the Saviour died to win; Poor, lonely, blind-Christ have you in His I might have cheered with unexpected kindness keeping, He would have helped you-great has That lonely heart whose hope had long been dead. been my Sill,

E IT DJ

I WAR'S WORST PERIL and clothing; it is harder to combat than T is estimated that three million men cold or heat; it is' ten-fold more deadly -the flower of Europe, Canada and than bullets; it is worse than typhus Australia, have already been killed or epidemics. Although it may not necesmaimed in the great and deadly strife sarily kill or maim, it as certainly dethat is shaking the world. Fathers and stroys the efficiency of the soldiers. mothers, sisters, wives and children give What is this deadly peril? up their loved ones for their country's sake. One-tenth of the troops passing through a certain port in Europe on their Every land is filled with mourning. way to the front have been incapacitated The loss is unspeakable, for the carnage for service because of venereal diseases of war is awful. But this is not the contracted in that port. They were there greatest peril and price of war. on an average of only two weeks and had previously passed satisfactorily their There are five million men shut up in physical tests. the prison camps of Europe and AS'ia. These outnumber the total armies ever Their fight for character was lost beengaged in any previous conflict. The fore they had struck their first blow for warring nations, prest on every side, their country. A Christian officer on find it impossible to provide suitable shel- being compassionated because of the ter, clothing, food and employment for number of his men who had fallen in an these millions. Hundreds of thousands exposed position in battle, replied that are encamped in prison, which can not that loss was nothing compared with the be heated in the arctic winters. Many loss of those men who had fallen through of the war prisoners, without recrea- sin. Lord Kitchener in his addresses to tion or employment, and not knowing troops warned them against the two how long their confinement will last or deadliest enemies of the soldiers-intoxiwhat has become of their homes and fam- cants and immorality. ilies, lose their health and their reason. They become broken down maniacs or This danger which besets the soldiers embittered against God and mankind. makes a veritable hell in the vicinity of Thousands of these prisoners die physical, the camps, not only of Europe but of mental and spiritual deaths. It is an America. Before the troops arrived at awful consequence of war, and yet this the Mexican border, human vultures is not the worst price that the nations and vampires had preceded them to lay are paying. in wait for the boys and young men. In these camps, the drills and minor du- The most deadly and permeating peril des do not occupy all the day, and enis one not mentioned in the newspa- nui and nervous desire for excitement pers or war histories, and not often and amusement often lead the young 5'01referred to in letters or reports. It is diers into thoughless excesses that inthe peril that no government has ever volve awful consequences. yet laid adequate plans to overcome. It is a ~Teater dan~er than lack Qf fooq One hundred and fifty thousand Amer- ican troops are called to the Me~icall border. They are composed mostly of ernments co.uld well afford. to supply young men, some of them still in high school and not seasoned in character. If these social centers and workers-for they yield to temptations thrust in their way they will bring back in their bodies military efficiency-but they do not. It and souls the deadly results that will spread disease and death. is well that they should be supplied by What is to be done? Two things are Christian men and women at home, and necessary. First, the Government must engage in a work of moral sanitation and controlled by Christian leaders. One do all in its power to keep away unmoral as well as physical contamination from man in New York has agreed to erect the camps. But this is negative and not sufficient. two buildings and to support four sec- Second, Christians and those most in- retaries. Let others see the vision and terested in the soldiers must provide for them healthful surroundings and occu- respond to the call. Now is the time. pations' for them wherever possible. This work is being undertaken by the When the troops return it will be too International y, M. C. A. Already Dr. John R. Mott and his associates have late. Gifts may be sent to the Internaestablished a wonderful work among the soldiers and war prisoners of Europe and tional Y. M. C. A., 124 East 28th St., Mesopotamia, He has recently called for fifty more secretaries. Mr. Fletcher New Yark. Your son or brother or S. Brockman, the associate general secretary, is undertaking to establish a sim- friend may be in danger. This greatilar work among the American troops on the Mexican border. Fifty buildings are est peril in war must be met by the needed as socia! centers in as many camps', and at least one hundred secre- prayers and sacrifices of Christians at taries. These buildings provide writing material-a great boon-and reading home. matter, games, music, refreshments and amusements. Moving picture machines CHRISTIAN WARFARE are required for the long evenings, and athletic contests must be arranged. T HREE hundred years ago Erasmus, Special secretaries and evangelists' are in his introduction to "Enchiridion being enlisted to go from camp to camp directing the activities of the men and Militis Christiani," delivered a message holding religious meetings and forming Bible classes. on military methods which might 'be This is constructive work, the impor- quoted as a newspaper dispatch from a tance of ~hich is inestimable. TheY, M. C. A. asks only $200,000 to estab- missIOnary in Turkey to-day. He lish and conduct this work up to January Ist-a paltry sum compared with that speaks of the true verity of Christ in spent on 'baseball and football or in actual warfare. ~reat Britain alone is spending view of the war against the Turks: that amount in twenty minutes. The gov- "The best way and most effectual to overcome and win the Turks should be if they shall perceive that thing which Christ taught and exprest in His life to shine in us. For, truly, it is not meet nor convenient to declare ourselves Christian men by this proof or token, if we kill very many, but rather if we save very many; nor if we send thou- sands of heathen people to hell, but if we make many infidels faithful. Altho the chance of war . . . should fall so luckily to us that we had gotten the vic- tory so should it be brought to pass that the Pope's dominions and his cardinals Wight be enlarged, but not the kingdom of Christ, which finally flourisheth and is in prosperity if faith, love, peace and chastity be quick and strong, . . . In my mind it were the best, before we should try with them in battle, to at- tempt them with epistles and some little books." ,

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MlSSIONADY NEWS EUROPE-BRJTJSH ISLES The I1tternational Rev£ew of Mis- British Laymen'8 Movement and the Wat sions states that the income of the So- T HE National Laymen's Missionary ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel Movement in Great Britain has been met its expenditures. The Wesleyan heavily crippled through the war. The Methodist Society covered its expendi- secretary of the Scottish Movement has tures and cleared off a deficit. The been under arms for more than a year China Inland Mission increased its in- and is now in command of a battalion; come. The London Missionary So- the secretary of the British Movement, ciety (Congregational) passed through Mr. T. R. W. LUnt having completed a crisis triumphantly. The Baptist Mis- his training as an officer of the Royal sionary Society has paid its way. No Field Artillery, has gone to the front; missionary organization has had to Ireland haS' in the same way lost some be disbanded.

leading workers. But the work goes on quietly and deeply, for men already Children'. League of Pity weighted with heavy tasks are keeping it alive until its leaders can resume SCOTLAND has worked out a plan their posts. A specially interesting piece for keeping the boys and the girls of work, a club at Barton-on-Sea in of that country interested in the wel- connection with the convalescent home fare of children less fortunate than for wounded Indian soldiers, has been themselves. The movement known as carried to completion by the British the Scottish Children's League of Pity Movement, and has won appreciation began in 1893, and has since grown from the authorities and gratitude from into a large national organization. It the men.-C. M. S. Review. is really an auxiliary organization of Missionary Giving in War Time the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and turns over W E might have expected that dur- practically all of the funds which it ing this year of suffering the raises to that society. More than $216,- British gifts to foreign missions would 000 have been secured for child pro- have fallen off. On the CO[l(rary, they tection since the league was started.

have increased. The membership of the league is The gross receipts of the Church made up of children who are classed Missionary Society for the year ending as juniors, if under 14 years of age, March 31 amounted to £382,948, whick and seniors between that age and 18.

is £24,082 more than was received dur- The children are organized in groups ing the previous twelve months. There or circles. These are found now in were 36,335 misSionary-boxes issued nearly every section of the country.

from the Church Missionary House The league has an associate member- during the year. This figure is a rec- ship for adults who are expected to ord, the number issued during the promote the work of the children's previous year being 12,175. society throughout Scotland. THE CONTINENT have acted as spies; others have been invaluable in connection with the Red TSuffering in France and Belgium Cross and Ambulance Department. HE Commission for Relief in Bel- gium appeals to the American people BiLles Needed for Soldiers to give largely in aid of the people in that portion of France occupied by the IN an address before the Executive Germans. An area of over 1,200 square miles, with a population of 1,250,000, is Committee of the World's Sunday dependent almost entirely on the Com- School Association, Dr. John R. Mott mission for food. Supplies are scarce, said, with reference to the present un- so that the slight aid the Commission limited opportunity for the distribu- is now able to give is wholly inadequate. tion of the New Testament and the Unless Americans' furnish the needed preaching of the Gospel among the help the results will be tragic. This is men engaged in the European war: but one more of the horrors of the awful struggle. "In nearly thirty years of passing in and out anfong the nations, of stand- MThe MeAII Mission and the Boy Scouts ing before great citadels and great ANY workers of the McAll Mis- opportunities, I have never known any- sion are serving as chaplains in thing to compare with the opportunity the army and the fleet, and not a few presented to us just now by the millions are in the trenches. While the salles of men under arms and in the miliare thus handicapped, the general com- tary prisons. mittee, most of whom are beyond the military age, are all working over- "The place where the Gospel is time, and the wives of the variuus needed most is the place where the agents throughout France are valiantly men pause before going into battIe, filling their husbands' places as preach- or where they come back to recupeers, teachers, etc. Hundreds of McAII rate. If ever a man needs help, it is converts on the firing line have been under those conditions." acting as lay evangelists among theit comrades. Five cents will provide a soldier in the hospital, trench or prison camp The war has opened a new field of with a copy of the New Testament. endeavor to the McAII Mission because Through contributions received from of the necessity for relief, and there- Sunday-school scholars and adults in for some of the salles now serve as the United States, the World's Sunday hospitals. One of the chapel boats has School Association, in cooperation with been utilized as a hospital. Many ou- the American Bible Society, has provroirs and cantines or meeting and eat- vided nearly 500,000 Testaments and ing places for men and women hav.e Gospels for the European soldiers. been opened. There is no limit to the number that are needed. It is' interesting to note that the Boy Scout movement was introduced into Protestants in Rome France by a McAII man, and that the movement has done so much in the T HE Tribune de Geneve, apropos of way of solving the problem of the street boy that the man who started the Pope's recent words about it has been elected to membership in Protestant churches in Rome, makes a the French Academy. Some of the little survey of these churches and their Scouts have s'erved in the army and work. The English Baptists have three churches; the American Baptists, one; the American Methodists, one, besides large edifices containing orphan asy- lums, schools, printing offices, etc. The

English Wesleyans have one church. Red Cross work and the usual staff The Waldensians have two large struc- as well as many missionaries besides tures-one of them a splendid temple joined in caring for the wounded and recently erected by an American lady. the grievously sick. Three of the Besides these Italian churches are the Board's most skilful and valued doctors places of worship of the various Protes- have died during the year; most of the tant colonies which are also attended others have suffered from typhUS or by Italians. The beautiful American other epidemic diseases. Episcopal Church of St. Paul, the three churches of the British Protestants, the The death, from overwork and ty- German and the other chapels are of phus, of Dr. Fred D. Shepard, of Ainthis type. The Salvation Army is tab, a physician whose life and work about to open a People's Home in one were known far and wide, left the full of the crowded quarters of the city. hospital at Aintab in the hands of Dr. The Young Men's Christian Associa- Caroline Hamilton, who had typhus, but tion has a large fine building in a con- is up and at work again, with the help spicuous situation. Its management is of orderlies furnished by the military of course Protestant, but its member- authorities and some assistance from an ship chiefly Catholic.-Record of Chris- Armenian staff doctor. tian Work. Notwithstanding deaths and removals, Plight of Austrian Jews all the Board's hospitals, with the ex- ception of the one in Van, are in opera- T HE English Missionary, Feinsilber, tion to-day. has been allowed to continue his work among the Jews of Galicia and Things that Remain in Turkey Buckowina undisturbed by the Austrian Government. He says the poverty and T HE American Board has issued a trouble among the 200,000 Jews of leaflet which reveals the influence these provinces is indescribable. Wom- of the Armenian martyrs. en and children are perishing for hunger everywhere; never in his life has Men and women, young men and he experienced such awful times, but he maidens, college professors, preachers, says that never in his life has he Bible-women, down to the humblest felt the presence and blessing of Christ church-member, proved faithful unto as much as now.-Israels Missionen. death. They bore their unanswerable witness before. the Turkish official and MOSLEMS IN ASIA the Mohammedan populace. It could not but make its impress; it can not be American Hospitals in Turkey forgotten; it will be an abiding spiritual force in the land. UNDER normal circumstances the American Board maintains nine The prestige of the missions and the hospitals and ten dispensaries in the missionaries also remains; not only re- Turkish Empire in which in the year mains, but has tremendously increased, before the present war 39,503 patients partly because of their personal characwere received and 134,357 treatments ters and partly owing to their achievgiven. At the end of 1914 eleven phy- ments in relief work. sicians, missionaries of the Board, were in Turkey, three of them being women. The continuance of the schools and higher institutions of learning is remark- As 500n as the war broke out the able. It is true that many, especially of American hospitals were offered for the lower schools, have been closed for the lack of both pupils and teachers. But many of the higher schools, and al- WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS most all the colleges have been running, filled the Mechanic's Hall, the largest tho usually with a lessened roll of stu- ~lUditoriuminthe city. The dominant note dents and fewer instructors. For these was: "We have arrived at the psychoand other reasons, it is believed that the logical moment to possess Palestine for future will hold greater opportunities in the new Davidic kingdom." The steamer the Turkish Empire than have ever been wnich conveyed the New York delegates known. tu Boston is said to have Hown the Jewish flag at her masthead. Quite apart The Future of the Armenian. from the Zionist organization, a wide- spread movement has been set on foot in J-N his recent treatment of the Armenian Italy, known as Pro Causa Hebraica. people, the Turk has been seen at his The object of this movement is to imworst; in his most cruel and fanatic press Christian public opinion in the civtemper. He has struck his Armenian ilized world with the immediate necessity subjects indiscriminately, remorselessly, of solving the Jewish problem by the and with murderous intent. He has establishment of a Jewish autonomous done his best, say those who know the state in Palestine. situation, to clear his land of a people whose thrift, industry, patience and Heroism of Persian Christians growing prosperity made him insanely jealous. He has done it even to his own IN recalling the heroism of the missionhurt, as' he has robbed his country of its aries in U rumia and other Persian efficient men; from many a city and cities, it should not be forgotten how town the shoemaker, the tailor, the baker, ably their efforts were seconded by some the dentist, the artizan, the banker, all of their Persian colleagues. are gone; and the Turks are crying out ruefully, "Who will work for us?" But One of the native physicians received they are a hardy and prolific people; in- a martyr's' crown in the village of Khan~ dustrious, thrifty, ambitious; give them ishan. Four died during the epidemic. half a chance and they are bound to The devotion of the native Christians is recuperate. If it be made possible for worthy of all praise. One of the native them to return to the land and to dwell physicians was the assistant in the hosin it, they will reestablish themselves and pital, where he had been since his gradrebuild their fortunes. Solidified and uation in 1908, and was a most faithful chastened by what they have suffered, and efficient man. During the first awful they will be yet more amenable to the days of fear, murder, and rapine, it was preaching of the Gospel and the ministry his hands that drest and re-drest most of Christian helpfulness. If the mingled of the wounded, with the help of medical fear and hate in which for generations students; he thought little of himself and they have borne the yoke of the op- wore himself out until he could not eat, pressor shall be removed by their en- keeping on at his work for three days franchisement from his power, who can after he began to be ill. His life was estimate what a force they may become given in the noblest self-sacrifice and for the implanting of a vital Christianity many people will remember him with in the nearer East. deep affection. Another was a refugee in the mission compound. His wife, a The Jews and Palestine graduate of medicine in America, in spite of the death of her husband and two THE greatest conference ever held in children, kept bravely on with her work connection with the Zionist move- trying to relieve the suffering, especially ment met in the spring in Boston, when of the women and girls. some seven thousand delegates repeatedly INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON done in Batemanabad, a Panjab village with about five hundred inhabitants. To Educate the Outcaste There is a little company that have banded· themselves together to seek to ..ONE of our great needs," the Rev. prove the fulness of what Christ means. One of their leaders, a mystic through T. P. Butlin, of Aurangabad, wrote and through, has made for himself a cross of many-colored woods, which he recently "is the education of the Indian carries with him wherever he goes, to Church in our district." There are some remind himself and others of the One 1,500 Christians scattered over many 'Whose he is, and Whom he serves.' hundreds of square miles in 83 villages, in many of which there is not even a "They meet daily and sit sometimes government school. In consequence a half through the night singing and praylarge community is growing up in igno- ing and exhorting. Their main purpose is rance of the knowledge of God. Of the evangelization. There afe Sikh villages position of the outcaste just come from round where they get a friendly welcome, heathenism, Mr. Butlin writes: "It is I fancy largely because of their beautian axiom of Hinduism that no outcaste ful singing, and where there is a real ought ever to read, write, or, in fact, movement towards Christianity. One of be educated. ~uppose by any chance the villagers has written a metrical verthere is a government school, or even sion of St. Luke's Gospel in .pa~jabi. private school, in the village, the Brah- The Psalms in their Panjabi version are man master (the master is invariably a an integral part of their life. Brahman) will throw all the materials toward the outcaste, i.e., slate, pencil, The Salvation Army in India etc., or at any rate put them on the ground, taking care never to touch him. T HE recent visitors t.) Mr. Higgin- The boy has to sit a considerable distance bottom's demonstrate farm is conaway from the caste boys for fear of de- nection with Allahabad College included filement. As to giving him any partic- Commissioner Booth-Tucker, head of the ular attention whereby he may get on, Salvation Army in India. He was in the master would consider that a sin and the Civil Service and had already risen a shame. If in spite of all the draw- high; he would probably have been backs put in his way the poor boy doe, Lieut.-Governor and a Knight, but gave manage to read-'Well, of course it it up for fhe Salvation Army. He goes can't be helped; who can fight against barefooted and wears sandals, and a turfate' ? It is quite true that all this is ban, on which is written "Mukti Manj" against the law, but who is to see that (Salvation Army). He gave a splendid the law is carried on when the whole talk to the students on service, and they public opinion of the village is on the a1l crowded round to know how they side of the Grahman"? could help him without becoming Chris- tians! The Salvation Army has 7,000 An Indian Christian Community people of the criminal tribes, given into their complete care by the Government, "W E are always hoping that India and Booth-Tucker told Mr. Higgin- botham that if he were beginning his mis- will think out and interpret Chris- sionary "ervice ill. India again, he ~ould tianity for herself, not rejecting the go into his work. He said that is the mighty heritage of the past, but seeing Gospel India needs. He is going to send the message both of the Bible and. the twelve men regularly to Jearn agricul- Church through Indian eyes, growing or- ture to teach the criminals, and perhaps ganically from within, not mechanically from without. I see real signs," writes the Bishop of Lahore, "of this being

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the Salvation Army will assist in the querors of the past in one great ava· support of the farm. lanche of invasion upon the open plains of India. But nearly twenty-two months Christian Endeavor in India have gone by and the project has not yet materialized. There have been raids and CHRISTIAN Endeavor membership fights upon the frontier-seven serious in India has more than doubled in attacks by independent tribesmen. But the last ten years. In 1905 there were there are no two years when there are 750 societies registered; now there are not raids and fights. And the great out- 1,678. The membership in 1905 was 22,- standing fact is that the Amir of Af- 099; it is now 48,124. Twenty-three out ghanistan stood stedfastly by the assurof the 50 members of the Christian En- ance of neutrality which he gave Lord deavor Council and three of the 10 Hardinge at the outbreak of the war." members of the Executive Committee are native Indians. In the local s'Ocieties A New Judson Memorial in Burma most of the work is done by the Indian Christians, thus giving the maximum op- AMASSIVE block of marble, seven portunity for training to those who will feet in length, has been placed to make up the future church of India. mark the site of the Ava prison where Adorniam Judson suffered in 1824. The When the National Missionary Coun- monument, set on a plot of ground nearly cil for India was organized recently, a two acres in extent, is the gift of Dr. sub-committee was appointed on work Henry M. Sanders of New York, who in among young people. Of this commit- additipn will erect a rest house for tee Rev. William Carey is chairman, and travelers and for the religious instn,lcother members include Rev. Herbert Hal- tion of wayfarers; walks will be laid liwell, general secretary, and Rev. George out, and shade trees planted. The rest W. Brown, Ph.D., treasurer of the India house will measure twenty-one by four- Christian Endeavor Union. teen feet, while the old prison was forty by thirty feet square. The smaller build- On the Afghan Frontier ing will permit the introduction of cer- tain architectural features desirable in W HILE the Afghans do not permit a landscape somewhat severe. It will be Christians to live and work on their made of mason work and steel beams and land, they are friendly to the British will last a century. A considerable sum government. will be wisely invested to secure an an- nual incotte for the perpetual care of the Lieut.-Col. Sir Francis Younghusband, place. The entire cost will probably be leader of the mission to Tibet in 1904, between 5,000 and 6,000 rupees. and for many years in Government service in India, recently told of unfriendly Tamil Coolies in Ceylon attempts to stir up trouble among the warlike and hot-blooded tribesmen on the T HE growth of the tea and rubber northwest frontier of India. He said in industries in Ceylon has brought to part: the island hundreds of thousands of Ta- mil coolies to work on the' estates. A "There is always in Afghanistan a sec- special mission to this class has been' tion bitterly and fanatically oppos'ed to instituted, dividing the island into three any friendship between Afghans and sections. Mr. Butterfield, an Anglican British. Both Turks and Germans na- clergyman in charge of the Central diturally set to work on this material, and vision, has fourteen districts to oversee. tried to raise a Jehad, a Holy War. Here are nearly 1,000 estates with a pop- They hoped to start off these Afghans, and with them thousands of headstrong tribesmen, in the wake of the great con-

ulation of 200,000 non-Christian coolies. both places where we celebrated it and He has in his staff two school-teachers, all communed. By invitation one of one Tamil assistant, and sixteen cate- their helpers distributed the cups." Preschists to work this vast field. byterian and Baptist converts have all agreed among themselves to "know no Much help is given the Central divi- sides." They say they are "all on Jesus' sion by the Tea Coolie Mission in London side." A proposal is made to make The which supports five catechists. Many White Elephant, the organ of the South of the planters in Ceylon cooperate with Siam Mission, a union organ for all misthe missionaries. Other superintendents sions working in the country. "If it is oppose them. Preaching services are held possible," says the report, "to secure the for the coolies on the muster grounds be- cooperation of societies at work in fore they scatter for the day's work and Burma on the west and in French Indoin their "lines" when they have finished China on the east, a periodical reprefor the day. There is' a considerable senting all Protestant missionary work purchase of the Scripture and distribu- in Indo-China, as the Chinese Recorder tion of evangelical handbills. No gen- in China, might be established." Everyeral turning to Christ has yet been re- one who reads the Recorder would reported, but there are sporadic conver- joice to see it duplicated in the countries sions.-A Record of Christian Work. south of China.

SIAM AND LOOS CHINA Evil Spirits and Doctors in Siam Chinese Christians In Business T HE doctors of the Presbyterian hos- ANOTABLE illustration of Christian- pitals in Siam send home various in- ity in business is afforded by the teresting items of news. Doctor Park of Hongkong China Company, a firm of Prae describes the case of a woman who Chinese operating in Hongkong and came to his hospital saying that there Shanghai with a capital of $750,000. Its was a spirit in her abdomen. The spirit- four-story department store and fivedoctor had told her so and given her story hotel in Shanghai will be completed many kinds of treatment. The spirit early in 1917, and its six-story store proved to be a cyst which discharged, in Canton is already open for business. when drained, three gallons of fluid. The Elevators and roof gardens are feapatient returned home in good health, to tures of each building. the great astonishment of her friends. "We have had many visitors to inspect Christianity is being lived by both the spirit now preserved in spirits." employers and employes in the Canton Doctor Mason of Chiengmai speaks of establishment, which is known locally as many patients brought to his hospital the store of the Sincere Company. as a last resort, unfortunates who other- Christian employes have formed a sowise would die on the streets. "Such ciety called "The Sincere Christian Aswe have not only to feed but to bury as sociation," which makes itself responsiwell." ble for the morals' of the yourig men em- ployed by training them in .Christian Christian Fraternity in Siam principles. Physical, mental arid moral instruction is given, a special night school W E find a note of Christian unity having been opened. A weekly and in the Siamese jungle. "In Muang monthly newspaper i~ issued by this so- Yawng," writes a Presbyterian mission- ciety. "The Christians in this estabary, "we met four Baptist helpers and lishment consider personal work and found them and their converts as cordial muttial helpfulness their he'aven-born as' ever. They attended communion in

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duty," declares a Chinese writer in The hundred miles from any missionary; but Chinese Christian InteUigencer. the 'Gospel Mail' finds them out, because they are postal officials, and, as every A similar society exists in another number puts them in communication with large Canton institution, the store of the our missionary at Shanghai, they can, "True Light Company." Every Sunday after reading these messages, write to night a lecture is given or a discussion him of their soul's needs. A good many, on a worth-while subject held 'by the from all parts of China, take advantage members. More than thirty have joined of this; and very touching is the soula Bible class. hunger revealed in these communica- tions. One man registered his letter to A Christian Chinese Weekly insure its reaching our missionary-Mr. Heal-because it contained that all-im- "T HE general excellence of the In- portant question, 'What must I do to be saved?' " telligencer causes men to honor Chinese Christians." So writes Mr. Kao, TChinese Women as Bible.Class Teachers a prominent business man in China, con- HE women of China, following in the cerning the Chinese Christian lntelli- steps of their American sisters, are gencer, a weekly, giving both religious training for leadership in the Adult Biand general news, which is published by ble Class work of their country, says the the American Presbyterian Mission. Mr. World Sunday-school Association. Dur- Kao commends the paper still further, as ing the past year, five Bible Training follows: COIlferences have been held in China as an outgrowth of the evangelistic "The lntelligencer has brought life and movement inaugurated by Mr. Eddy. activity to the Chinese Church. A few No women were in attendance at the years ago Chinese Christians were un- first two of these conferences, which acquainted with each other and their were held in Kuling and Mukden; while work was individual and isolated. Your the last three, held in Swatow; Canton paper has changed all that. Not only has and Foochow, were all attended by it linked together the Chinese Church in women. Two Bible Conferences, one in different parts of China, but it has in- Kuling and one in North China, are spired members to greater effort. Re- now being held especially for women. ports of revivals throughout the country American methods of Sunday-school orpublished in the paper have moved the ganization are taught in these conferpeople to greater activity. It has wid- ences, as these methods are found to be ened the .intellectual horizon, explained especially adapted to the Chinese. The the difficult parts of the Bible, and by its women, who are trained in these conarticles on the regulation of home life ferences, will, in their turn, organize and conduct elevated the home." classes which will be centers of service for other women. The Gospel for Chinese Postal Officials Careful "follow-up" work is planned D R. S. M. ZWEMER tells in the for each of these Bible conferences. Christian Herald of an effort to The Swatow Conference will have eleven meet the spiritual needs of the post-office "follow-up" meetings, the Canton Conemployes in China: ference, fourteen, while the Foochow Sunday-school Union,. with the various "Through our little 'Gospel Mail' mag- Chinese Sunday-school secretaries emazine, which goes to the post-offices ployed by the several denominations, throughout the Chinese Empire, we have the great privilege of, sending the glad tidings to many intelligent and thoughtful Chinamen who have no other means of spiritual help. It mal be they are a

will be able efficiently to follow up the Baron Ishii spoke most warmly of good conference held there. Bishop Harris's life and work, and said: "If all Americans were as open to the Morphia Succeeds Opium Japanese as Bishop Harris is, and if the Japanese respected all Americans as AFTER a tour through the districts they respect Bishop Harris, there would be permanent friendship between the around Peking, a report on opium two nations. There could be no grave and morphia consumption has' been pre- questions arising between them." pared and sent to the National Opium Prohibition Society by Mr. Fu, Engi- Bishop Harris is to return to Japan neer-in-Chief of the Hua Hsing Mining to spend his years in promoting a cordial Company. Among other things the re- relationship between Japan and America. port says that in the south of Peking He will have the opportunity to develop opium has alm'ost entirely disappeared, a better understanding and appreciation but morphia has taken its place. Among of Christianity through his approach to the poor, five coppers is paid for each the leadership of Japan. He plans to hypodermic inj ection, whereas the rich give a large portion of his time and usually go to Tientsin and lay in a influence to make the World's Sundaystock for themselves. It is sold in nearly school Convention the most important every Japanese drug shop in Tientsin at world gathering ever held in Japan, beabout ten dollars an ounce, and retailed cause of its historical, strategical and in the districts at about ten times that uniting value following the greatest war amount. The trade is such a profitable in history. one that the Yamen runners find it worth their while to keep their mouths A Christian Leper Poet shut. THE Japanese government maintains A missionary living near the border a hospital for lepers at Oshima, a of lower Mongolia reports similar conditions, as follows: small island near Takamatsu. Most of the lepers, when they come to this institu- "Japanese are busy selling morphia tion, are very bigoted Buddhists, and and syringes, surreptitiously; and re- they actually drove away the Christian cently one of their victims came to the superintendent six years ago, and rehospital, a broken wreck of a splendid quested the missionaries to discontinue young fellow. The Chinese have stamp- their visits. So for nearly two years no ed out opium in this province and all the Christian work was done there, and then cases I get are through smuggled there came a request to come again from opium." the lepers themselves, and now the place is visit(~d regularly every month. Prac- JAPAN-CHOSEN tically all of the patients are now at least tolerant toward Christianity. Six men Japanese Tributes to Bishop Harris have been baptized and about fifteen have become so interested that they at- T HE farewell banquet which was tend aU the meetings. Among the bap- given for ,Bishop Harris of the tized Christians is one Nagata San, who has had the disease for many years and Methodist Church by a notable company is in a serious condition. He is not only of Japanese was an illustration of the a Christian of nearly two years' experiplace which a missionary may come to ence, but is also a poet, and it is his deoccupy in the land of his adoption. light to write for the little paper pub- lished by the TakamiJ.tsu Christi~ns, The government had exprest appreciation of Bishop Harris by presenting to him the Third Order of the Rising Sun; and at the banquet he received the Second Order of the Sacred Treasljn;.

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His Citizenship Restored esting fable in which educational in- struction is involved. SOME years ago a criminal who was in prison nine times became a Chris- Japan and Sunday-schoola tian. Upon his release he started a home for discharged prisoners. He had been pREPARATraNS are still in progress a pickpocket, and one time had stolen at Tokyo, Japan, for the World's seven watches in the course of a halfhour's railway journey. He has lived Eighth Sunday-school Convention, in an exemplary Christian life. He has a spite of the fact that the date is deferred beautiful family. His children like Sun- until after the close of the European day better than any day in the week war. The Japanese Committee, of because it is the Lord's Day. At the which Marquis Okuma, premier of the coronation the emp~ror honored this man Empire, is chairman, and Baron Shiby wiping out all records of his misdeeds busawa, Japan's foremost financier, is and by restoring to him all citizen's vice-chairman, has already raised $32,- rights and privileges. '!Then he came to 000 for the reception and entertainment Tokyo to give thanks, the Home De- of the delegates. partment officials recognized his wonderful change in character as a result of But meantime Japanese Christians his having firmly accepted the teachings are making striking progress in Sunof Christ. day-school methods, have opened in Tokyo in February a training school Buddhist Opposition to Christian Sunday- for Sunday-school workers, which now schools has 140 students.

T HE movement on the part of the The full course covers two years, and graduation from the school requires the Buddhists in Japan to keep the completion of ten courses, an average children away from the Christian Sun- of eighty per cent. in attendance and day-schools is growing rapidly. Mr. seventy per cent. in class work. H. E. Coleman, who was sent to Japan last fall by the World's Sunday-school "WE"Better Babies" in Korea Association, as Educational Secretary have just closed our baby show for the Empire, writes that, according at Songdo," writes a missionary to investigation, there are about 680 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. "In Buddhist Sunday – schools throughout more ways than one it was a howling the country, with an enrolment of 110,- success. Each mother was nervously 000 children. The Buddhists plan to eager to have her 'best-ever' baby come bring their Sunday-school membership up to the required standard. The little to 228,000. ones were classified according to age into six divisions. These forty-four In commemoration of the recent coro- small citizens were sub-classified accordnation, a Buddhist Sunday-school has ing to sex, weight, height, chest and been opened in the Temple of Nishi Hon- other measurements. In each section ganji, Tokyo, which is attended weekly appeared a big poster giving detailed inby about three hundred children. For formation as to the points included in the program of service at the Honganji, the scientific care of infants. The docthe children at first sing songs in praise tors patiently explained these points to of the Buddha in front of the statue. a group of enthusiastic mothers, stress- The teacher then gives a simple lecture ing the most common deficiencies and on some part of the Buddhist books suggesting their remedy. Critical judges ilnd tells some Buddhist stor{, or inter- carefully examined each child and de- <,:ided ~s to the winner, and the mother

of the 'banner baby' was warmly con- tour is a part of the Sunday-school camgratulated." paign in one hundred cities of Japan, which is being financed by the World's Soul Winning-How They Do It Sunday-school Association.

A MISSIONARY thus describes some AFRICA of the methods of personal work used by the Korean Christians': "Soon Consecrated to Work for Moslems after my arrival I was assigned to do visiting in certain homes, and a little BLIND KHLlL, one of the native book was given me containing,the names workers in Alexandria, is noted for of each believer. On each page was a his earnest desire for the conversion of second name, and when I asked what Mohammedans. One of the missionaries, that meant I was told that that was the writes of him: name of the unbelieving woman for whom this believing woman had prom- "This man is most earnest and faithised to work and pray until she became ful, always doing more than is required a Christian. As soon as one had become of him. Last year I told you that he had a Christian her name was transferred to lost his two little ones inside of a another place, and the first sister would month. This year he is rejoicing in the select another for whom she would work presence in his home of a little son. When and pray. Pretty definite personal work, I asked him what was the name of the don't you think?" baby, he replied, 'I want to call him Mo- hammed.' 'Why should you give him a Sunday-school Work in Formosa Moslem name?' I said. 'I don't believe you wilJ get anyone to baptize him that.' A TOUR of the Island of Formosa His reply was, 'If I pray a great deal in the interests of Sunday – school for the boy he may become a great work was recently made by Rev. H. Ka- evangelist to the Mohammedans, and if wasumi, General Secretary of the Na- I name him Mohammed they will know tional Sunday-school Association of that I love and care for them, and they Japan, and Rev. K. Mito, representing will be pleased with him because he has the Methodist Sunday-school interests this name.' It ended in his being called in Japan. Mr. Kawasumi, in a letter to 'Raymond Lull' for the great missionary the World's Sunday-school Association, to the Mohammedans." states that he was treated with special courtesy on this tour, being aJlowed to A New Kind of Funeral ride free on both ship and train. At the various points touched, the people T HE funeral in Egypt is one of the were invited by the government officials places where it is becoming more and to listen to himself and Mr. Mito. more possible to preach the Gospel.

In a sixteen days' tour, Mr. Mito and A public blow was dealt the terrible Mr. Kawasumi covered 3,354 miles, vis- mourning customs of the people at the ited ten cities, held fifty-seven meetings, death of Busta Bey Khayat, by the bravattended by 2,539 people. Some of these ery and stedfastness of his widow and meetings were for teachers, some for the daughters, who are devoted Christians, general public and some especially for loved and admired by all who know them children. After the evening meetings, weJl. The man was worthy of all honor, the people came to the hotel and talked and ashe was the last of his generation until midnight, and early the next morn- in a family of old standing and of enoring they were again waiting to listen mous wealth; all the, rules of society to these Sunday-school sl?ecialists. Thts demanded an elaborate and prolonged display. The family had, indeed, in days I?ast, been noted fa!;' su,ch demonstra,Hons,.

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But on this occasion, tho the temptation Association is planning to place a special was so great, the widow exercised the Sunday-school worker there. The popuutmost self-control and self-denial -:rom lation is estimated by the government the time the funeral left the house. Th~ to-day at three and a half million, of old custom had been to hire a mourner which almost a million and a half are to lead in the wailing; instead of this, a children under fourteen years of age. comforter was hired, Bakheeta Salih, one It is stated that all told only three-tenths of the Bible women to whom suffering of one per cent. of all the children in the has given a message. The dwelling be· Sudan are in any school. came a church and the crowds of Yomen who gathered daily, instead of dividing "Never have I seen children more retheir time between wailing and gossip, sponsive to a word or a smile or a sat quietly listening to the reading and friendly act than the children I met in preaching of the Word or joining in the Sudan", writes Dr. Zwemer. "It prayer. was the same everywhere. The eager faces of those whom I saw in the Pre- Reaching the Youn, Men in Cairo paratory School for Gordon College from many parts of the Sudan, and the 1LLUSTRATED lectures have been persistent friendliness of the unkempt and neglected beggar children on the found by Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, streets, proved their responsiveness to the i7arId's Sunday-school secretary, to an extraordinary degree. One generabe one of the best methods of reaching tion of these children, understood as they the people of Egypt, and especially the should be, loved as they asked to be, Moslems. Mr. Trowbridge recently gave and approached in the spirit of Jesus lectures for the young men in Cairo on Christ, and with His highest gift, the the following subjects: "The New Era Gospel, would transform the Sudan into in Asia," in which he followed Dr. Matt the Kingdom of Heaven." in his travels; "The Life of David Livingstone," and "The Greatest Life in The English of African Boys History," in which he showed scenes from the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. T HE mistakes of schoolboys all over the world make amusing reading. On the evening of the last lecture An English schoolmaster on the East over 550 men were in attendance, and Coast of Africa writes in the Church the striking thing was that nearly half Missionary Gleaner: of them were Mohammedan boys and young men from the government schools "At the end of term the section that who came in response to invitations. is doing English subjects is very enter- Mr. Trowbridge writes: "Boys from taining, and one does not get bored in certain schools came in a body and it the slightest degree when reading made one's heart beat fast to see these through their examination papers. In large groups crowding up for seats and the grammar paper, one boy said that then to be able to speak to them for the feminine of 'earl' was 'early'. Annearly an hour on the meaning of the other gave it as 'earlier.' 'The maslife of Christ." culine of eve is Adam'. 'The plural of donkey is ass'. In the Scripture papers, For the Children in the Sudan Dives was described as 'a glutinous man'. From an essay entitled, 'An auto- DR. s. M. ZWEMER has recently biography of myself', is taken the fol- made a tour of the Anglo-Egyptian lowing: 'We have games of football Sudan for the World's Sunday-school every evening, but have stopt playing Association, and as a result the World's lately on account of our wounds. We

hope to start again very soon. unless our national purpose in the Phil- Schoolboys are very brave.' " ippines is supplemented by efforts to put them into a larger relation with Jesus Uganda Heresy Subsiding Christ.

REFERENCE has been made from time "There are those who advise severing to time to the strange sect which arose the tie on the score that the islanders are, nationally speaking, a peril; that about a year and a half ago in the Church they present a certain weakness in time of Uganda, calling itself "the Church of trouble, making a vulnerable place in that does not drink medicine." It grew our armor. I leave it to your conscience out of a misunderstanding of a text of and manhood whether any such reason Scripture, for the word used in the Lu- exists to destroy this almighty trust." ganda version of the Bible to translate the word "witch-doctor" or "charmer" New Point of View for the Filipino . is the Luganda word for a doctor of medicine. Many thousands of the peo- REV. J. L. McLAUGHLIN, represent- ple were "baptized" by an ex-teacher named Malaki, for the most part without ing the World's Sunday-school Asso- instruction or preparation of any kind. ciation in the Philippines, in speaking of The movement has been practically con- the advance made in religious education, fined to the simplest and most illiterate says' that for centuries the Filipino has classes, anxious to secure a Christian depended entirely upon ecclesiastical di- name, while deeply ignorant of the ele- rection and orders in everything reli- ments of the Christian faith. Many hun- gious. Any idea of initiative or re- dreds of these people have since put sponsibility in religious matters on the themselves under instruction in the part of the laity is utterly foreign to Christian congregations, and there seems them and not easily understood. Their every prospect of this schism dying out part has always been to obey orders. In in the near future. the earlier days of the Sunday-school in the Islands', the schools were considered THE ISLANDS as a place where they came to be en- tertained or to be instructed by the pas- America'" Duty in the Philippines tors or the missionaries, but not a few of the laity are being inspired to aid BISHOP BRENT strongly urges the in the great work of evangelizing the retention of the Philippine Islands by rest of the Islands, and to consider the Sunday-school a workshop rather than the United States. He says: "The Phil- a rest house-as a place where each one ippine Islands are an American depen- can find ready service. dency, the acquisition and retention of which is solely justified by our sted- During the past year fourteen Sunday- fast purpose to develop an autonomy best school conventions have been held in suited to the capacity and genius of the different provincial centers throughout Filipinos. If I advocate the continu- the Islands, one General Convention be- ance of this relationship it is because ing held in Manila. Approximately I believe that we are still in the midst 4,000 official delegates attended these of the unfinished task and solemn trust conventions, besides a large local attend- and that the continuance of such rela- ance at each gathering. Most of the tion is most advantageous, if not quite provinces have been organized in Pro- necessary, to this purpose and to the vincial Associations, each one with its ultimate independence of the Filipinos own officers and working on its own as a self-governing nation. Whatever plan to meet local conditions. This gives this country has done can avail little

I9I6] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

a closer point of contact and enables far the greatest beneficiary, $1,290,292 them to work more harmoniously. .having gone for relief in that country or among Belgians in other countries. Japanese Take Over German Islands Armenian and Syrian relief was next with $360,000, and Serbian relief third T HE Japanese have taken over the with $148,894. An appropriation of $1,- Marshal! Islands and the AmerIcan 000,000 for relief work in Poland, Serbia, Board missions there. -Three is as yet Montenegro and Albania is yet to be no definite information with reference to expended. the Ladrone Islands or the Caroline Islands, but it is reported the Carolines For relief work in and about Conalso have been taken from the Ger- stantinople, $35,000 was expended, while mans. Nauru, formerly one of the $55,000 was devoted to the Surgical La- Marshall group, has ben connected with boratory at Compiegne, founded by the the Gilbert Islands and is now under the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re- British flag. The Japanese have been search and under the direction of Dr. most humane and courteous in all their Alexis Carrel. treatment of the natives of the Marshal! Islands. Charles Stelzle's New Work NORTH AMERICA REV. CHARLES STELZLE has be- come field secretary of the Federal T Robert P. Wilder in America Council of the Churches of Christ in HE Student Volunteer Movement America. owes much in its inception and early development to Robert P. Wilder, its first Mr. Stelzle lived in New York's tenetraveling secretary and later a mission- ments for twenty years before preparing ary in India and a secretary of the Brit- for the ministry. After a successful pasish Student Movement. This summer, toral work in St. Louis and Minneapolis, which marks the thirtieth anniversary he has been identified with practically of the conference at Mt. Hermon where every great movement of the Church the Movement was founded, brings the during the past fifteen years. Mr. Stelzle announcement that Mr. Wilder is to re- organized the department of Church and turn to America, and will take charge Labor of the Presbyterian Church and of the Religious Work Department of the was its superintendent for ten years, dur- International Committee of Young Men's ing which time Labor Sunday was estab- Christian Association. Mr. Wilder is lished. the son of a pioneer missionary to India, the founder of the Missionary Re- Mr. Stelzle brings to the service of the view. churches unique talent and wide experi- ence, and his work for the present will Rockefeller Foundation War Aid be in the fields of the economic phases of the liquor problem, and the Church MORE than $3,000,000 was appropri- and labor, with other activities under- ated by the War Relief Commis- taken in connection with the Federal sion of the Rockefeller Foundation dur- Council. ing the six months ending June 30, the first half year of the commission's ex- An Afro-American Synod istence. Of this amount more than $2,- 000,000 already has been expended. The T HE Presbyterian Assembly proposes figures are contained in the report of the to organize the Negro Presbyterian Foundation. churches into a synod. The plan is to or- ganize a presbytery in each state. Or, if Of the total of $2,159,985 expended there are not ministers and churches during the six months, Belgium was by enough in one state, two will be put to- gether. When these separate negro pres-

byteries have been organized, instead of June 15 in the office so long occupied being attached to the white synods in by Dr. F. P. Haggard. Dr. Atchison was which they are, they will be gathered formerly joint district secretary at Chiinto one synod, called the Afro-American cago. Rev. Herbert J. White, D.D., Synod of the Presbyterian Church in the pastor of tlie First Church; Hartford, U. S. The advantages of this plan are Connecticut, has been elected chairman thus set forth: "It will give our colored of the Board of Managers; Professor ministers and elders a chance to show Ernest D. Burton, D.D., of the Universtheir gifts. As it is now, most of them ity of Chicago, vice-chairman, and belong to white presbyteries and synods, George B. Huntington recording secreand never open their mouths unless to tary. vote. They have little part or lot with the General Assembly, synod or presby- The Southern Presbyterian Assembly tery. They can not develop under such circumstances; but under their own 'vine T HE Presbyterian General Assembly and fig tree,' they will be more at home, which met in Orlando, Florida, last and will take a more active part in Pres- May, took some steps that may greatly byterian work." affect the history of that Church. Com- mittees were appointed to study and re- Italians in America port on the following subjects: T HERE is no field more open to the 1. Woman's position in the Church. service of the Church in America Southern Presbyterians have been exthan is found in our Italian communities. tremely conservative as to woman's There are more than two million Italians voice and activity in the Church. in this country. That they are largely drifting away from the Roman Church is 2. A committee on closer cooperation conceded everywhere. They are making and comity with the Northern Presbyan eager and grateful response to the terian Church. evangelical appeal. All leading denominations are pressing their work among 3. The Colored Presbyteries and Italians. To name one-there are about Churches. The committee are asked to one hundred Presbyterian churches and devise some definite policy for better missions employing the Italian language, plans and to consider the status of the and many others with various points of Afro-American Synod. contact with Italians. There are more than seventy-five Italian-speaking pastors 4. The Committee on Communion and missionaries, including women vis- Wine has asked for another year in itors, engaged in Presbyterian work. which to complete its report. This will Large investments have been made in be an important pronouncement on the new buildings and equipment exclusively use of fermented or unfermented juice for Italian work, ranging from $5,000 to of the grape. $75;000. The Presbyterian Board of Publication issues an Italian weekly re- OBITUARY NOTES ligious paper, The Herald, and carries on an extended colportage work. Bishop Peel of Mombasa A New Baptist Secretary ONE of the most devoted mission- aries of the Church Missionary So- REV. J. T. AITCHISON. D.D., the ciety, Bishop Peel of Mombasa, died new home secretary of the Foreign suddenly in April. An English officer's Mission Society, began his duties on son, born in India, he began his mission- ary career in that country, first at the Noble College, Masulipatam, and lastly at Bombay as Secretary for all the C. M. S. Missions in Western India. Then

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in 1899 he was consecrated first Bishop years went by, and the fact that she was of Mombasa. He was one of the moving compelled to teach her five children herspirits in formulating the scheme for seH until they were old enough to be federation which the famous conference left in America for education, she found· in Kikuyu met to consider. The whole time for Christian work among the course of Bishop Peel's episcopacy was Koreans and was to the women and chilmarked by progress, only interrupted at dren a "queenly woman." As a Bible its most promising stage by the outbreak Class teacher, a trainer of women for of war, when his diocese became the Christian work, and an instructor and scene of the operations of the East Af- example in the making of a home, she rica Expeditionary Force. His life was was a power for good. one wholly yielded to God and to Africa. In addition to her many duties Mrs. "T Dr. A. L. Riggs of Nebraska Baird found time to write books and HE Indian race has lost a great articles and to translate several volumes leader and friend through the pass- into the Korean language. ing away of Dr. Alfred Longley Riggs of Santee, Nebraska." So writes Rev. Rev. S. G. Wilson, D.O., of Persia Henry Roe Cloud. T HE Rev. Dr. Samuel Graham Wil- Dr. Riggs was a son of the famous son, died of typhoid fever at Tabriz, missionaries to the American Indians Persia, on July 2d. He was born on Stephen and Mary Riggs, described in February . 11, 1858; in Indiana, Pa., the volume "Mary and I," and was for the son of Andrew Wilson. He was many years settled in North Dakota. married in 1887 to Annie Rhea, daugh- Mr. Cloud says further: "To the white ter of one of the pioneer protestant misrace he interpreted the noble qualities of sionaries in Persia, whose life has been the red man so successfully that the lat- commemorated in the book entitled ter was accorded a new measure of re- "The Tenesseean in Persia." Mrs. Wilspect. He so effectually taught the good son and four children survive. qualities of the white race as found among the best Christian civilization After having graduated at Princeton that the Indians who came under his College in 1876 at the age of eighteen, tutelage became the faithful friends of he spent three years at the Western the whites. In all this he taught by Seminary and a fourth at Princeton. example as well as by precept. Since 1880 he has been laboring at Ta- briz as a missionary of the Presbyterian "The memory of his good works is en- Board, as preacher, teacher, and organshrined in the hearts of thousands of izer. His business capacity was so manired men and women who are better and fest so that he was selected to distribute happier because of him." the Armenian Relief funds for the refu- gees in Russia, and it was while engaged Mrs. Wm. Baird of Chosen in this work that he contracted th<! dis- ease which culminated in his death. AT Pyeng Yang, Chosen, on June 9, Mrs. William M. Baird, a beloved Mr. Wilson has written four works of permanent value: "Persian Life and Presbyterian missionary, passed away. Customs," "Persia's Western Missions," Mrs. Baird was the daughter of Mr. "Modern Movements Among Moslems" and "Bahaism and Its Claims." and Mrs. Jacob C. Adams of Greensburg, Indiana. She grew up in a home of deep Mr. Wilson spent his life doing good. missionary interest and sailed with her His single purpose was the propagation husband for Korea on December 8, 1890. of th~Gospel. To this he gave his In spite of growing family careS as the thought, his time, his all.

m~ tit BOOKS ON MI~IONS

AND MISSION LANDS 11 ~".. -~/; ~~….. .

-<-'

Crisis in the History of the Papacy. By "Is it not full time," asks Mrs. Mason, Joseph McCabe. 8vo. 450 pp. $2.50 net, 1916. "for the Christian Church to awake This is a book of facts-many of them to its supreme responsibility-to guide men back into the Way of Peace? to unpleasant facts, others momentous facts. insist that nations as well as individuals, Mr. McCabe presents his history in the calling themselves Christians, must keep form of a study of twenty famous popes. the law of Christ? Upon the action of He has selected the men whose careers the Church to-day the future history of were most influential in the making of the cause of Christ depends. Never bethe Papacy without reference to whether fore was war so mighty, but out of it, they were bad or good Catholic as by the grace of God and the faith of well as Protestant authors are quoted, the Church, there shall proceed a world and some of their testimony is particu- unity of which we have only dared to larly significant. dream." We can not, however, confi- dently expect such a realization, except The volume is intens'ely interesting as Christ Himself shall come to reign and gives the key to the understanding over the earth. of many of the characteristics of the Papacy-its strength and its weakness. The growth of papal doctrines, practises and ceremonies is an illuminating study. Missions vs. Militarism. By Richard G. The immorality, cruelty, craftiness and Stevenson. 16mo. 107 pp. Soc. net. presumption that characterized some of the Popes should forever discredit the Christian missions are here seen as claims of the Pope to be the vice-gerent the only alternative to militarism. It is of God. Those who study Latin America a less careful study than the preceding would do well to consult this volume to volume. The peace program may bediscover the groundwork of the Papacy come operative says Mr. Stevenson.

in the new world. (1) When Christians learn to Emphasize the Essentials of Common Faith. World Missions and World Peace. By Caroline Atwater Mason. Ills. 12mo. (2) When the Church at Home and 274 pp. Soc. board; 30C. paper, 1916. Abroad Unites in Common Service. We have here a thoughtful plea for (3) When the Branches of the Church peace and a clear presentation of the Agree to Divide the World Fairly. force that will promote peace. Militarism has no place in the Church, but (4) When Christians MobolizeOneArmy the medieval Church did not so under- of the Living God for Triumph. stand Christ. Mrs. Mason studies the fundamental character of Christianity (5) When Munitions' for Holy Warfare as' an anti-militaristic organization; the Leap to Millions upon Millions.

growth of the Church and the growth (6) When men learn that Preparedness of militarism within the fold; the peace- and Alliance lead to War, and that ful progress of Protestant missions over Some Form of Central Court is the world and the history of the Peace Needed with Power to Enforce Its Movement. Laws.

NoTE.-Any books mentioned in this department will be sent on receipt of price. Address The Missionary Review Publishing Company, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Devolution in Mission Administration. Christ in Holy Scripture. Being a Study By D. ]. Fleming, Ph.D. 12mO. 310 pp. in the Name of Jehovah "The Lord." $1.50 net. By the Rev. Francis L. Denman, M.A.

This is a pioneer volume on Mission- 84 pp. Is.6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edin- burgh, 1916. ary Administration on the Mission Field. T~e Dyna~ic of All-Prayer. An Essay Such a study is greatly needed, since In AnalysIs. By G. Granger Fleming.

there has been too much haphazard mis- 12mo. 193 pp. 2S. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. sionary policy. Dr. Fleming writes The Dvnamic of Faith. By Paget Wilkes. from experience in India, and has stud- 12mo. 178 pp. 2s. 6d., net. OIiphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. ied the history of five American societies A Challenge to Life Service. (College in that field. He includes in his sur- Voluntary Study Courses, Second Year- vey: (1) Ecclesiastical development; Part II.) By Frederick M. Harris and (2) Mission and native Church administration. Joseph C Robbins. 16mo. IS2 pp. Na- tional Board of the Y. W. C A., New York, 1916.

The volume deserves the close study The Soul-Winner and Soul-Winning. By the Rev Joseph W. Kemp. 16mo. 67 of mission officers both at home and in pp. IS., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, the various fields. It is a distinct con- 1916. Cooperation in Coopersburg. By Ed. tribution to the science of missions. mund DeS. Brunner. Ills. 12mo. 95 pp. Soc. Missionary Education Movement, The Inspiration of Responsibility and New York, 1916. Other Papers. By Bishop Charles H. Brent. 8vo. 236 pp. $I.sO net. Children of South America. By Kath- Bishop Brent is preeminently a stimu- arine A. Hodge. Ills. 12mo. 128 pp.

lating and inspirational writer and IS. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. speaker. He is a man with a positive The Soldier's Companion. Messages of message which he delivers clearly, force- Hope, Comfort and Love. 32mo. 183 fully and fearlessly. The papers and pp. IS., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. addresses gathered together in this vol- Leading Opinions Both For and Against ume cover a wide range of subjects pre- National Defense. A Symposium of pared for various occasions, but they Opinions of Eminent Leaders of Ameriare all thought-provoking and valuable. can Thought on the Subject of Our Needs for National Defense. Collected Several deal with the Bishop's concep- and arranged by Hudson Maxim. A tion of the Church and of Church unity; handbook and guide for debaters and pubothers relate to missions and mission lic speakers, presenting both sides of the question with absolute impartiality.

problems, but the most stimulating are 12mo. 154 pp. Hearst's International those that deal with personal problems Library Co., New York, 1916. Defenseless America. By Hudson and responsibilities: "The Inspiration of Maxim. Frontispiece. 12mo. 318 pp.

Responsibility"; "Human Brotherhood"; Hearst's International Library Co., 1910. Sermon Reading. From the Notebook of "Prayer"; "A Vision of Manhood" and the Octogenarian Traveler, W. Spooner biographical studies of Alexander Ham- Smith. 12mo. 55 pp. $1 net. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1916. ilton, Queen Victoria, Lincoln and Mc- Missions vs. Militarism. By Richard Kinley. These are worth reading. Taylor Stevenson. 16mo. 107 pp. Soc.

net. Abingdon Press, New York, 1916.

NEW BOOKS How One Church Went Through a War. Being a Selection of Sermons from the The Stone of Help. Autobiography of Notebook of the Octogenarian Traveler, A. B. Leonard, D.D., LL.D. Frontispiece, W. Spooner Smith. 12mo. 17I pp. $1 net. 8vo. 349 pp. $1.50, net. Methodist Book Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1916. Concern, New York, 1916. Illustrated Bible Readings. Edited by Hidden Pictures, or How the New Tes- Wilbur F. Crafts, Ph.D. Endorsed by tament is Concealed in the Old Testa- ' Union Bible Selections Committee. 8vo. ment. By Ada R. Habershon. 12mo. 397 pp. Illustrated Bible Selections Com- 284 pp. Cloth, 3S. 6d., net. Oliphants, mission, Washington, D. C, 1916. A Master Builder: The Life and Letters Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. of Henry Yates Satterlee. By Charles Bible Battles. By Lettice Bell. Frontis- H. Brent. $4.00, net. Longmans, Green piece. 12mo. 2II pp'. Cloth, 3S. 6d., net. & Co., New York, 1916. Oliphants, Ltd., EdiRburgh, 19r6.

Bible Stories and Poems. From Crea- Tribes and Castes of the Central Prov- inces of India. By R. V. Russell and tion to the Captivity. By Wilbur F.

Crafts. Endorsed by Union Bible Selec- Rai B. Hira La!. 4 vols. Ills. Maps. xxv-426, 540, SSg, 608 pp. 425. Macmiltions Committee. 8vo. 351 pp. Illus- trated Bible Sce.,lec1t9i1o6n.s Commission, lan, London, 1916. Washington, D. The Shans. By W. W. Cochrane. Vol. 1.

Crises in the History of the Papacy. IUs. XX-227 pp. Government Press, Ran- A StUdy of Twenty Famous Popes whose goon, 1915.

Careers and whose Influences were Im- Thirteen Years in Mexico: From Let- portant in the Development of the Cte.rsDroefesC. hamrlse.s W. Drees. By Ada M. 276 pp. $1. Abingdon Church and in the History of the World.

By Joseph McCabe. 8vo. xiv-450 pp. Press, New York, 1915.

$2.50 net. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New The Importance of Christian Literature York, 1916. in the Evangelization of the Jews. Foreign Missions Conference of North By J. T .Webster. 200 pp. Gratis. U. P. America. Twenty-third Conference, Church Jewish Committee, Edinburgh, 1916. 8vo. 370 pp. 20e. Foreign Mis- 1916.

sions Conference, New York, 1916. The Jewish Problem and the World Through the Jews to God. By S. C. Kirk- War. With a Foreword by Bishop WeUpatrick. 2S. 6d., net. S. P. C. E., Lon- don, D.D. By Leon Levison. 68 pp. 6d., don, 1916. net. Morgan & Scott, London, 1916. The Virgin Birth of Jesus. By G. H. The World and the Gospel. By J. H.

Box. 5s., net. Isaac Pitman & Sons, Oldham. Z40 pp. 2S., ni?t. United Coun- London, 1916. cil for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Why Men Pray. By Charles Lewis Slat- The Story of Islam. By T. R. W. Lunt. tery, D.D. 3S. 6d., net. Macmillan & Co., Ills. Maps. 232 pp. IS. 6d., net. United London, 1916. Council for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Missionary Tracts for the Times. I. The Yarns on Afrcan Pioneers. By Basil Time of Our Visitation. 2. The Holy Matthews. g8 pp. 7d, net. United Coun- War. 3. The World of To-day and the cil for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Gospel. 4. The Building Power of Talks on African Villages. By F. Dea- Christ's Kingdom. Id. each, net. Central Board of Missions, London, 1916. ville Walker. Ills. 28 pp. 7d., net. United Council for Miss. Ed., London, Pagans: A Missionary Play. By the Rt. 1916. Kev. James H. Van Buren, D.D. The Indian Fairy Stories. By Donald A. Young Churchman Company, Milwaukee. Mackenzie. I11s. 200 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Wis., 1916. World Missions and World Peace. By Blackie, London and Glasgow, 1916.

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Its Radant Hem. The Rev. Frederick D.

Graves. zoe. Church Missions Pub. Co., PAMPHLETS Hartford, Conn., 1916. Not Against Flesh and Blood. An Apos- tol!c yvord for the Day. By the Rev. The Missionary Spirit and the Present Pnnclpal Alexander Whyte, D.D., LL.D. 29 pp. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., London, Opportunity. By Dr. Henry T. Hodg- 1916.

kin. I04 pp. IS., net·. Headley Bros., The ~hining Path, or Meditations Upon Thmgs of God and of Men. By the London, 1916. Rev. J. ~. Townsend, D.D. 30 pp. 6d., Japanese Expansion and American Poli- net. Ohphants, Ltd., London, 1916. cies. By James Forman Abbott, Ph.D. Pagans. A Missionary Play in Four Acts.

267 pp. :pr.so. Macmillan Co., New York By the Rt. Rev. Jas. H. Van BUren, D.D. 23 pp. Young Churchman Co., Milwauand London, 1916. kee, 1915.

Campaigning for Christ in Japan. By The Supreme Need.' In Response to a Call to the Church, in Mrs. Head's S. H. Wainwright, D.D. 170 pp. 7Sc. Booklet, "The Forgotten Friend." By the Rev. Andrew Murray, D.D., D.Litt. Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 30 pp. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Lon- don, 1916. Nashville, Tenn., 1915. Bishop Frank W. Warne of India. His Through the Chinese Revolution. By Conversion, Call to the Ministry and Other Spiritual Experiences Told by Fernard Farjenel. 7s. 6d., net. Duck- Himself. With a Foreword by W. F. Oldham, D.D. 32 pp. B. F. M. M. E. worth, London, 1915. Church, New York, 1916.

The Making of British India, 1756-1858.

By Ramsay Muir. xiv-399 pp. 6s., net.

University Press, Manchester, 1916.

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1914

to the

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, DECEMBER, 1914 SOME QUESTIONS ANS'vVERED LT THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. Where did two fragments of a burned book lead to the founding of a church?

2. What "epidemic" in Toronto is causing concern to a Jewish paper? .

3. On what ground did the Turkish judge award the Albanian watchman his wages?

4. How did the liquor dealer say he would vote on prohibition?

S. On what would depend the robbers' making good their thefts?

6. In Peking what new experience did many students have on Go- to-Churcn Sunday?

7. Where did the sound of a Buddhist gong mingle with Christian hymns?

8. How has a Tokyo University graduate surprized his friends?

9. What question did the lIontreal Rabbi put to the Bishop?

ro. If an Indian Christian puts his thumb-mark to the Hindu docu- ment, to what does he commit himself?

I I. Where did Dr. Mott find the explanation of the large number of inquirers who signed cards at his meeting in Tsinanfu?

12. In a Mexican capital city, for what are two Roman Catholic churches now used?

13. How did the modern woman in Cana of Galilee receive her guests?

14. When the Manchurian robbers had departed, what did the mis- sionaries do?

I S. What was the "bargain" displayed in the Mexican book-shop?

16. Turkish post-offices claim what right over all letters that pass through them?

17. For what old-established institution of the church is a new name being sought?

18. In what strange way did the sheikh propose to show his gratitude for the care given him in the hospital?

19. What reason did the Turkish judge give for having decided the case against the Englishman?

l—-~~~I 20. What declaration card was signed by the Turkish students?

VETERAN MISSIONARIES TO

Rev. Charles C. Tracy, D.D., Marsovan, 1867-Rev. George F. Herrick, D.D.• Constantinople. 1859 Rev. Joseph K. Greene, D.D., Constantinople, 1859 Rev. Henry T. Perry. Sivas. 1866~George C. Raynolds. M.D.• Van, 1869 Five missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions who, with their wives, represent a total service of nearly five hundred years in Turkey

~y Vol. XXVII, No

New Series Vol. XXXVII, No. 12 HE Old Sene. DECEMBER, 1914 I A JEWISH "CONVERSION EPIDEMIC" the Gospel, following the example of Jesus Christ, the Jewish Messiah." W HEN those who are opposed to The Hebrew Journal laments the Christ and His teachings be- fact that "the frequenters are not come disturbed by the number of from one class. You can find there men and women who visit Christian Jews with beards and without beards; missions, Christians have good reason Jews who tremble for the 'Fearful to believe that their labors are not in days,' and indifferent Jews. There are vain. The article by Rev. S. B. a great number of young men and Rohold, found on another page, is a women who were previously enclear and forceful presentation of the grossed in Jewish national and profacts in regard to Jewish conversions. gressive movements and also some who It is stimulating reading. were not' long ago strict 'Sabbath ob- servers.' All become united in one Another indication of Jewish un- congregation, who seek protection uneasiness is found in the long article der the 'wings of the Messiah.' " that appeared in the Toronto Hebrew Journal of July 23, 1914. This paper The ] ollrnal also complains that sought to explain why the number of baptismal services are not so seldom "converts in Toronto are on the in- as they used to be-nor are they only crease," and advised a movement to for individuals. "Almost every Sunlimit the operation of the missions. day there are some thus baptized, and The chief objection of the Hebrew the influence of the missionary over Journal to the missionary, Mr. Ro- them is enormous." hold, was not from personal reasons, but because of the success of his The reading-room attracts many methods. The Christian Synagog immigrants and others, who are includes a religious headquarters and friendless and alone. These visitors home for Hebrews. There are more are taught English, invited to enterefforts made to reach the adults than tainments, helped to secure a position, the children, and the method adopted and given medicine and care in time is to befriend the afflicted and preach of sickness.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this RaVJBW but do not acknowledge responSlbj]ity for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· J tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS,

A still greater cause of complaint which the Christians of North Amerito the Jewish writer in the Journal ca can best help safeguard the treis that these Hebrews are not satis- mendously vital interests of the misfied with becoming Christians, but in sionary societies in this time of unturn go out among their people as paralleled strain; to consider ways of mIsSIonaries. "Last Sunday," says promoting practical Christian ministhe writer, "a certain man, Silver- tries to the millions of soldiers under stein, was baptized, and this new arms; to encourage and counsel the Christian is so far given over to his perplexed and troubled workers of faith that he is prepared to persuade the various European Christian Stuhis wife, and next week his wife and dent Movements, so that they may child will be pious Christians." The meet the opportunity at the close of "Conversion Epidemic" is causing the war; and in every way to seek to real disturbance to the Rabbis of preserve the bonds of international Toronto, and now a similar mission friendship which have been estabis to be opened in Montreal, which lished in recent years. will, we hope, have a similar effect on the Hebrews of that city. Dr. Mott is now returning to America with the report that there is JOHN R. MOTT IN EUROPE distinct evidence that the prayers of Christians have been answered in THE outbreak of the world war the prospering of this mission of necessitated a change in the plans peace and good-will among men. Who knows but that John R. Mott" of Dr. John R. Mott to spend the was brought to his position in the year in a tour of the countries bor- Kingdom of God for such a crisis dering the Mediterranean Sea. The as this? hostilities devastating Europe, and the threatened break in all united inter- TURKEY'S CRISIS national Christian work, as represented by the Continuation Committee, the T HE recent actions of the Otto- World Christian Student Federation, and other international movements, man Empire are of unusual increated a crisis. This has caused terest to friends of Christian misdeep concern, and has brought sions, even in the midst of the other many Christians to their knees in stirring events in Europe. The first prayer that entire disruption might be is the a~rogation of the "Capitulaprevented and wounds mig h t be tions," or treaties granting to foreignhealed in the Body of Christ. On ers extra territorial rights in Turkey, a most difficult and delicate, but a and is fully dealt with on another thoroughly Christ-like errand, Dr. page. In case the Turkish Govern- Mott left America on September 29th. ment is ready to frame her laws in He not only visited the British Uni- harmony with t~ose of other nations versities, counselled with the mis- and will guarantee equity in her sionary leaders in England, but went courts of justice, there can be no to Paris and Berlin, that he might valid objection to her wish to have confer with Christians there face to full jurisdiction over foreigners in face. His aim was to study means by her territory. If, however, there is to be discrimination between Moslems

OF THE

and Christians, or if the right of can not be responsible for the pro- search and of arrest and imprison- tection of British citizens in Turkey. ment are to be abused, there is strong Robberies, murders, and general disground for objection on the part of turbances from outlands have inother nations. creased, and open threats are made against foreigners and Christians. If The entrance of Turkey upon the war sets Turkey aflame there is a war, by the bombardment of Theo- possibility of more uncontrolled and dosia and Novorrossysk, on October vicious lawlessness than in the days 29th, is a more serious move. It of the Boxer uprising in China. The means union with Germany and Aus- thought and prayer of every Christria against the Allies. Whatever tian must turn to Almighty Godthe outcome of the conflict, the mis- on Whom alone is based all hope of sionary situation must be greatly af- peace and safety. More than ever fected, since Greece, Bulgaria, Ru- will Christians pray for the speedy mania, and, possibly, Italy will be return of Him "whose right it is to embroiled, and if Germany and Aus- reign," that Jesus Christ, the Lord tria should win, then Turkey will un- may put all things under His feet and doubtedly demand a large increase of rule with the scepter of love and territory in Europe and, probably, in righteousness. Africa. If, on the other hand, the Allies prevail, it seems inevitable THE OUTLOOK IN MEXICO that the Turk will be driven out of Europe, the Dardanelles will b~ THE political thermometer in Mexopened to all nations, and the last strong Moslem power w1l1 be utterly ico has continued to be extremely destroyed. It seems probable, in such unsteady ever since General Huerta an event, that Turkey would be left the country. General Carranza "carved up" between Great Britain, and his former commander-in-chief, France, and Rumania-Asia Minor, Villa, have found it difficult to reach Syria, and Arabia being involved in any agreement by which a permanent the redistribution of territory. This basis of peace could be established. would not only affect the Moslem, A conference between the various but the Jew-whose further immi- factions (Carranza, Villa, and Zapagration into Palestine has recently tista) has been in session at Aguas been prohibited. When the Jews and Calientes, but armed force rather the Holy Land become involved in than intelligent principles seem to this gigantic conflict, the signs of the form the basis of the demands of the "last days" mentioned in prophecy opposing parties. It is said that Villa are apparently being fulfilled. sought to dominate the situation by the presence of eighteen thousand In the meantime the situation is ex- soldiers in the vicinity of the city. tremely serious for British, French, Villa and Carranza each demand that and American missionaries and their the other eliminate himself from conproperties. Even Turkish citizens trol. General Eulalio Gutierrez has have sent their families into the in- been chosen by the convention as terior, and the British Ambassador at Provisional President, but apparently Constantinople has announced that he the desired national leader has not

yet come to the front to unite this people are in sympathy with the Conunfortunate and misguided people. stitutionalist cause, and with free-' dOni from all domination of wealth In the meantime the Protestant or ecclesiasticism. misSIOnary societies are awaiting their opportunity to reenter the field Other reports also come to indion a better basis of cooperation and cate that this is a day of great misefficiency. D uri n g the successive sionary opportunity in Mexico. Rev. revolutions, the missionary work has become disorganized, and with the T. J. Molloy writes in the Assembly American occupation of Vera Cruz the lives of the very missionaries be- H crald: "As never before, the people came endangered. The Rom a n are in a frame of mind to receive Catholic clergy even advocated a light, intellectual, moral, and spiri- "Holy War" against Protestants. tual. The revolution has done much Consequently the work has been left to prepare the way for a new and in the hands of native Mexican min- far better government, and, best of isters, and even these have been un- all, has prepared the way for a far der suspicion because of their asso- wider acceptance of the principles of ciation with Americans. Some, to Gospel Christianity. The question prove their patriotism, joined the now is how to found, and how to revolutionary army, but others have maintain the new republic. The faithfully remained at their posts to people have often been heard to say, care for distracted congregations. 'We want a government as strong During Huerta's regime an effort and helpful as that of the United was made to exclude Protestant States,' and to have such a thing teachers from public schools, but, they now realize that they must have since the triumph of the revolution, similar educational and religious systhe Protestants are given the prefer- tems." ence, dnd all qualified Protestant teachers have positions. The United States is, practically, the only country that has been doing The unprecedented crisis in Mexico evangelical work in Mexico, and on is seen in the fact that while this is this account also we are under parnominally a Roman Catholic coun- ticular religious responsibility. try, many of its churches are closed, large numbers of priests have been There is already an awakening of expelled, and others are in hiding. In religious interest in many places. The one state capital, one Catholic church Mexican pastor of the Presbyterian has been taken for a Masonic tem- Church in Monterey writes: "The ple and another for a Congregational Lord is opening wide the gate for hall. The alliance of the Roman Christianity in Mexico. Let us make Catholic clergy with the Huerta Gov- use of our opportunities." ernment brought that Church into disfavor. Protestants have a pecu- EFFORTS TO HELP THE AMERICAN liar opportunity to show themselves the friends of true liberty, education, T INDIANS and Godliness. The masses of the HERE is still much to be ac- complished before the American Indians can be left to shift for them- selves and need be counted no longer as special wards of the American

Government. The Filipinos are still Another matter of vital import- far from ready to become indepen- ance is that laws relating to Indians dent as self-educating, self-govern- be codified so that the legal status of ing, self-protected peoples. These the red man may be clearly defined facts were clearly brought out by in all States of the Union.

the speakers at the recent Mohonk Following the Mohonk Conference, Conference in the interests of "De- there was held in New York another pendent Peoples." meeting to discuss the religious Other facts no less clearly demon- phases of the Indian question. Here strated were the progress made by were emphasized the dangers to the these races in strength, intelligence, spiritual progress from the "mescal and stability through the influences religion," as it is called, from the exerted upon them by missionaries use of tribal funds to support Roman and Government schools. The chief Catholic schools, and from the native difficulties and external dangers come dances and other immoral customs.

to-day from the unscrupulous white A suggestion of practical value was man and half-breeds, who exploit the that a permanent non-partisan com- Indians and seek to steal their land, mission be appointed, comprised of and to the politicians who seek office specialists, each of whom would be not that they may serve a dependent responsible for some special departpeople, but that they may fleece them. ment of Indian affairs—Jegal, educa- The situation is now acute in Okla- tional, sanitary, financial, and' indushoma, which now has jurisdiction trial.

over its own Indians, and where the UNITED STATES AND THE State politicians seem determined to PHIUPPINES use every means, legal and illegal, to BOTH the Republican and Demo- rob the Indians of their valuable land. cratic parties express the purpose Against this plot, Miss Kate Bar- of the American Government to give nard, the efficient Commissioner of independence to the Filipinos when Charities and Corrections of Okla- they are ready for it. The speakers homa, has been fighting fearlessly. at the Mohonk Conference generally The platform adopted at Mohonk held firmly to the conviction that they calls for more adequate and non- would not be ready for it for many partisan protection of the Indians and years to come. This is due to the their rights. In case Oklahoma fails racial and linguistic differences, the to give adequate protection, it is rec- lack of a sufficient number of edu- ommended that the American Gov- cated leaders, and the inability of the ernment. resume full control. islanders to defend themselves Another danger comes from among against other nations. Hon. Manuel the Indians themselves in the grow- L. Guezon, a Filipino, Resident Com- ing use of a harmful opiate, the missioner in Congress from the Phil- Mexican mescal bean, privately and ippines, forcefully argued that a defiin their religiou~ services. The con- nite promise should be made to his ference strongly recommended that people that they would be given the the importation and traffic in this privilege of deciding whether or not drug be prohibited. they wished such independence. If

they have no such vote they will in commerce, manufacture, science, never be satisfied. education, and war, why not use The political changes in Washing- them more in the cause of God?

ton, however honest those in power, The moving picture as a means of are working injury to the Filipinos missionary education is quite new, because civil service regulations are but is soon to be put at the disposal not sufficiently ext end e d to all of the publJc.

branches of the Government service. Gradually the cinematograph is be- There is great need that tenure of ing brought more into the missionary office be dependent on efficiency and serVlce. There are a few excellent not on political affiliations. missionary films in Great Britain, and It is conceded that the desire of others in Canada and United States, the American people is to fit the In- but most of them are unsatisfactory.

dians for self-support and citizen- Now there is increasingly a promise ship, and the Filipino for self-govern- of better results.

ment. As was exprest by the Last April Mr. Charles A. Row· Mohonk Platform-Government offi- land, chairman of the Laymen's Movecials, teachers in schools and teachers ment of the Southern Presbyterian of religion should all work together Church, Dr. J. P. McCallie, and Mr. to develop intelligence and moral Louis A. Holman, the assistant art strength to this end. The Jones Bill, editor of Youth's Companion, sailed which has passed the House of Rep- for the far East, equipped with a firstresentatives, and is under considera- class outfit for taking motiol1 pictures tion in the Senate, promises inde- 0.£ mission scenes. All phases of the pendence and provides for increas- work were recorded for the benefit of those at home. Hospital scenes, ing self-government in the islands. the great mission-schools in classroom Noteworthy achievements h a v e work and in athletics, chapel scenes, street preaching, and itinerating were been accomplished in the Philippines to be pictured on several miles of by missionary workers in educational films. There were taken also views development, in social service, in in- of heathenism and the need of Chrisdustrial training, in physical better- tian missions-the scenes that would ment, and in moral and spiritualim- most impress a visitor. provement. The division of territory and the policy of comity and co- It is hoped that many of these misoperation among the various Protes- sionary films will be rented by local tant societies has been productive of motion picture theaters of America excellent results. so as to give the public an opportunity EMOTION PICTURES AND MISSIONS teo see the right sort of foreign mission VERY helpful invention or dis- pictures. Mr. Rowland and his asso- covery should be enlisted in the ciates believe that even those churches service of the Kingdom of God. The which are indifferent to missionary devil should not be permitted to speakers will not turn away from monopolize it. If these modern in- moving pictures, and that these will ventions are so widely used in the be highly educational, as well as in- cause of evil and to interest men teresting,

Missions to Jews a Failure?

A STUDY OF OFFICIAL JUDAISM AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.S.G.S., TORONTO, CANADA Superintendent of the Mission to the Jews and Pastor of the Christian Synagog of Toronto IW]HAT pathos and solem- had any vital effect on active Gospel nity fill our soul, as work among the Jews, but rather we behold Israel with the contrary. As far as visible re- her tragic Day of sults are concerned, it has been a Atonement; with her year of reaping, full of blessing and overburdened ritual of encouragements. But Rabbinical opa fearful quest after peace with God position, in sheer desperation-which -the whole nation making a super- proves its weakness-was carried into human effort to appease the anger the secular press, in the form of of Jehovah. At the same time we protests appearing simultaneously in gaze upon over four hundred thou- different parts of the world-in Lonsand of the race girded for war; for don, England, New York, the Eastern an internecine contest-as far as and Western States and in Canada. they are concerned. Jew is engaged We carefully gathered practically all in a mortal combat with Jew. Jewry these protests and correspondence on is driven into mutual enmity imposed the subject, from Jew and Gentile, by the warring nationalities. Terrible and they proved an interesting study. events are adding a grim page to Of these protests the most important Israel's already tragic history. and most vigorous was that from the learned Rabbi Meldola de Sola of Altho this pathetic panorama of Montreal. He made a gloveless Israel's condition is a living reality, att-ack on the Lord Bishop of Monand altho we appreciate Israel's bitter treal for his appeal on behalf of and helpless temporal condition, yet the local Mission to the Jews. The we believe that Israel's spiritual needs extended correspondence, in which are the greater, by far, and vastly other Jewish and Christian divines more important to the Church of took part, appeared in the Montreal God. We, therefore, lay aside other Gazette, and the arguments may be considerations and call the attention summed up in their own words: of the "watchmen upon the walls of Zion," to the attitude of official I . "We do not want the Gospe1." Judaism toward Christian Missions. 2. "Why not send missionaries to Our minds should be clear on this the better class of Jews?" important subject, in order that we 3. "Jewish missions are a failure." may be guided to act in enlightened None of these objectors considered obedience to the will of our blest the spiritual significance of the Chris- Lord, the Christ of God. tian religion, nor do they appreciate the duty resting upon followers of The Jewish Opposition Christ. Let us examine their con- tentions. The past year was an especially hostile year. N at that its bitterness

I. "Jews Do Not WClnt the Go.pel" claim Jesus as their own gre3.t Do any Rabbis imagine that the teacher, as their own inheritance.

Church is deceiving itself? Christ This was a subtle attempt to destroy Himself declared nineteen hundred the doctrine of Christianity by level- years ago that the natural heart is ing it down to the position of a mere hard and that the world loves dark- ethical religion like Judaism. It is ness. The Church, obedient to the on this point of ethics that present- command of her Lord "to preach the day Judaism, in its attitude toward Gospel to every creature," and "to Christianity, is like a combatant who the Jew first and also to the Gentile," draws close to his opponent, and then can not be expected to neglect her recoils in order to give him a more imperative duty, simply because it is severe blow. Christians should not not appreciated by those for whom be misled when Jewish Rabbis and the good news is so especially desig- other non-Christian writers speak nated. In fact, the Church exists, highly of the person of Jesus, while like her Master, not for herself, but they strenuously deny His Messiah- for mankind. To expect Christian ship and His deity.

people to exclude the Jew from their In view of this, it would be a missionary program to evangelize the crime for the Christian Church at whole world, is to expect the Church such a time to neglect the command to undo herself. of her Lord to preach the Gospel to The duty of the Christian is to the Jew. Such a neglect could have proclaim peace through Christ, and only one ending-the undoing of her- we can not neglect our duty in re- self.

lation to the Jews, especially when we consider the vital issue between II. "Why Not Send the Miasionariea to Judaism and Christianity. We can the Better Class?"

not close our eyes to the peril of a The implication is :that the wealthy complacent acquiescence to all the and highly educated classes are neg- assaults against the Christ of God lected by the missionary agencies.

and Christianity by the modern and This is regarded as a proof of the liberal Jewry. The claims of "liber- inadequacy of Christian methods and ality and charitableness," made by the failure of the enterprise. If any- modern Jews, all go to the wind, one's mind is thus befogged, we when we look at their liturgy. They would suggest that they come out still preserve the intercessory prayer into the sunshine of fact, and their to Almighty God, "that Minim" i.e., doubts will be dispelled. If the sectarians, Christians, and especially wealthy and highly educated have converted Jews, "should have no not accepted the Christian message hope." To the Jew in general Christ the cause of failure is due to the is an impostor, at best, who claimed prejudice of the individual and not for himself the attributes of God. to the inadequacy of the message.

Renan, in his "Vie de Jesus," in- The situation is similar in the case of fluenced modern Jews to assume an Gentiles.

apparent friendly attitude toward Look at the plain facts. Here is Christianity, and he taught them to a missionary who is absolutely satu-

MISSIONS TO JEWS A FAILURE SS9

rated with Gospel truth, an expert in dark Russia, which has hardly led dealing with individuals. What hope him beyond the Old Testament, rehas he of gaining an entrance into stricted to the interpretations of the the home of the Jewish barrister, Rabbis in the light of the Talmud, stockbroker, the rich merchant, and and even that from a limited viewthe railroad magnate, with a view point. The cultured Jew had all the to winning them to Christ? In this great problems and questions of life class nationality is no factor. It is brought before him during his schoolwell known that the missionary who days spent in a Christian college. ventures on such enterprises is at He has access to all the latest books, once shown the door, or is dismissed he has the languages to read the New with scant ceremony. Testament, and faculties to under- stand it. In addition to this, the Rabbi de Sola, in one of his letters, well-to-do and educated Jew may evidently: thought that he was scoring nearly always feel at liberty to go to a point, when he put this direct ques- any evangelical Christian minister tion: "If Bishop Farthing considers to discuss his doubts or difficulties. conversion to Christianity essential All this, almost without exception, is for our salvation; if he really be- denied to the poorer and uneducated lieves that an infinitely benevolent Jew. God will consign us to hell-fire unless we see eye to eye with him, how is If the Christian missions do nothit ,that he has never made an attempt ing for the cultured Jews, any blame to convert me and my fellow Rabbis? rests with the Jews themselves. But Are our souls of no value? Are we we believe that it is a fallacy to say such hardened sinners that we are that the educated Jew is not reached unworthy of redemption?" with the Gospel. We will prove from their own writers that the educated Spiritual short-sightedness, and the classes are in some cases even more old spirit of arrogance, prompt such susceptible to the truth than are their a question. The duty of the mis- less favored brethren. The missionsionary is to enlighten those who are ary in general who possesses the true in darkness, and to bring the mes- love for Christ, and compassion for sage to those who have no oppor- winning men to Him, is only too tunity of knowing it. The learned happy to meet with such, and so help Rabbi, and the aristocratic Jew, by them to a better understanding of their training, and by their extensive salvation, and a closer relationship social relations, by their membership with Christ. As long as everything and admission into all kinds of liter- goes well with a man, however, he is ary functions, come in contact daily usually sufficient unto himself, and he with Christianity. All these splendid will not seek after God. On the opportunities are denied to their other hand, there are thousands of poorer brethren. Their horizon is so Jews who struggle with the misery much wider and should be clearer. within and without, and to whom the The poor Jew is restricted to the quest after God is a living reality. members of his own class and race. For these the Christian missionary His education, at its best, was in a has a living message which, indeed, Jewish school, in an obscure town in

suits all men, but which is most wel- Rabbis are so anxiously lamenting comed by them. God opens their "the waste of good Christian money," hearts-they bring with them their one of their eminent leaders, Pro- need, a longing for deliverance, for fessor G. Deutsch, the great authority comfort and true freedom, and Christ on Jewish history and a bitter oppo- enters in and makes them free. nent of all Jewish missionary efforts, tells us in the American Israelite of III. "Jewish Missions a Failure" March 10th: This accusation is usually accom- "The total number of apostasies from panied by a threefold charge: (a) Judaism in Vienna during the year 1909 "It costs $5,000 to convert a Jew." was 616, and the number of desertions for the last ten years has remained sta- (b) "Jewish converts belong to the tionary. In a community that numbers lowest strata of society." about 180,000 souls, this proportion of apostasies is not considered very great, (c) "Bad Jews become worse altho it is' by no means insignificant. The Christians." former pretext that in this number there are included many outsiders who come These charges are so persistently to Vienna for the sake of conversion, in repeated that men have come to be- order to avoid notoriety at home, will lieve that there is some truth. in not hold good any more, since the names them. It is, therefore, amazing to of the apostates are published by the find that all these assertions are Jewish press. One would think that it effectively contradicted by their own might be rather the reverse. The lists Jewish leaders. The minds of the show that losses are found at both ends accusers are so befogged by the bitter- -among the most prominent and among ness of their onslaught that they the lowest strata of society. We find never even halt to consider their own laborers and seamstresses by the side of contradictory statements. lawyers and actresses and the represen- tatives of high finance." Let us look into these accusations and see what are the facts. It is The Jewish Chronicle of London, rather late in the day to insinuate that England, the most prominent of Jew- Jews who become Christians', do so ish papers, and which never loses all! from interested motives. The old opportunity to attack Jewish Missions,. theory that it cost $5,000 to convert forgot itself and published the followa Jew has long ago been exploded ing remarkable statement: by Jewish authorities themselves in their estimate of the number of "Dr. Balu has examined the records of converts. Eut, suppose that a Jewish the Berlin Jewish community for infor- Mission has existed for a year, and mation concerning Jewish apostasy. has cost $5,000, and only one Jew has From this information it is possible to been converted. dare we even ask: deduce a clear idea of the secession "Is this result commensurate with the movement throughout the whole of Gerlabor and cost?" ShaII we compare many. . . .. In the period of 1873 to $5,000, or more, with the value of one 1906, 1,874 persons (I,395 males and 479 human soul, formed in. the image of f~males) in Berlin seceded from Juda- ism, . . . Besides the moral damage God, and capable of union and com- J whi~l} t4~ ew;sh community ~llstains by munion with Him? ;Sut logk <It the fact~~ Wpjl~ th~

MISSIONS TO JEWS A

these conversions it also suffers consider- Dr. Neander, the great Church hisable material loss, through diminution torian; Dr. Alexander, first Anglican of its tax-paying members. The seceders, Bishop in Jerusalem; or saints like as a rule, belong to the well-to-do classes, Dr. Saphir, Dr. Edersheim, Dr. Joseph and pay high contributions. The annual Wolf, Bishop Hellmuth, or Bishop loss to the Jewish community through Schereschewsky. the secession period, 1887 to 1906, was about 80,000 marks." The protesting Rabbis, in the bitter- ness of their attack, shut their eyes From these statements one can ap- to reason and truth, and would have preciate the material loss to the us believe that these men were lazy synagog and the alarm of the fools or hypocrites and sold their Rabbis, but where does the lament souls for what they could get, and for "good Christian money" come in? were a burden to the Church. To our shame and sorrow we find that Look a little closer and see the some Gentile Christians have been inconsistency of their baseless im- led so far astray as to join in this putations. The Jc'wish Year Book, awful calumny. On the contrary, published in London, edited by Rabbi these men have not only helped to Isidor Harris, M.A., and used by all add luster to the church, but by their Rabbis, mentions the names of 500 lives, works and writings, have Jewish celebrities, among whom are molded the lives and characters of included 85 Jewish converts to Chris- thousands within the Christian Church. tianity. Shall we say that these great, These are the men of whom the famous men-financiers, astronomers, Jewish people may honorably be scholars in Sanskrit, in Greek and proud, for they are the men of Roman classics, in modern languages Israel, who having caught the true and literature. as well as in Arabic, vision of God as revealed in Christ, Chaldaic, Syriac and Hebrew, his- have followed Him to the very torians, poets, mathematicians, jurists, Garden of Gethsemane, losing all, architects, explorers, musicians, ac- forsaken and hated by their dearest tors, critics, journalists and writers and best; yet they came out more of all kinds-are hypocrites? If so, than conquerors, rejoicing in their why does the editor of the orthodox Lord and a credit to their race. Je'luish Year Book claim them as distinguished Jews? The Jewish Some Damaging Evidence synagog could not afford to brush aside, as of no account, a body of Perhaps the most damaging evimen which embraces persons like the dence of all against the unworthy three Herschels, the eminent astrono- assertions of the enemies of missions mers; Jacobi, the mathematician; Sir to Jews has come to light through F. C. Palgrave, the traveler and his- dissension among their eminent leadtorian; I. Ricardo, the economist; F. ers. The Chief Rabbi of London de- Ganz, the jurist; Professor F. Jaffe, livered a remarkable address on the historian; Mendel!"sohn, Sir Julius Sabbath, April 25, 1914, on the sub- Benedict and Sir M. Costa, the musi- ject, "Does Reform Lead to Aposcians; Sir Moses Salvador, H. Vam- tasy ?" In making his bitter attack berg, the Halevys; not to mention on Reform Judaism, he stated: "No

wonder that a number of such less charges. We marvel that the 'Rabbis' have, in the course of one Jewish leaders can still persist in their generation, publicly renounced Ju- false contentions.

daism, or gone over to Christianity- The result of this correspondence an unheard of thing in all the pre- may be well summed up by the query ceding thirty-three centuries of our put by Mr. Louis Kletz, in the Jewish chequered history." After mention- Chronicle of July 3, 1914.

ing names of certain leaders who "The controversy between the Chief have renounced Judaism, he con- Rabbi and Dr. Gotthard Deutsch, while cludes: "To deal fully with apostacies interesting from an academic point of among 1. M. Wise's (Principal and view, is unsatisfying in the sense that it founder of the Reformed Jewish does not seem to lead anywhere in par- College, Cincinnati) friends and pupils ticular. Dr. Hertz condemns 'Reform' would require a monograph." This, as a natural road to apostasy, and, in of course, awoke the indignation of proof of his contention, cites the case of Professor Dr. Gotthard Deutsch, who certain Reform Rabbis who have been made a most powerful onslaught on converted to Christianity. Thereupon Dr. the Chief Rabbi in the Jewish Chron- Deutsch comes along with a series of icle, of June 26, 1914, and in his facts and figures which tend to show retaliation he gave a wonderful list that, in so far as it affects Rabbis, apostasy is just as frequent in orthodox of orthodox Rabbis, and particularly Jewry, until the man in the street is left sons of these Rabbis-among whom to wonder whether Rabbis are not es- he mentions the offspring of one pecially susceptible to. the allurements of of his predecessors in the office of conversion."

Chief Rabbi of Britain-who have On our part, we are bound to say renounced Judaism in favor of Prot- that in our experience, no one is estant Christianity. The knowledge more susceptible to Christianity than of Dr. Deutsch on the subject is the Rabbis, if only we could bring simply marvelous. The only regret them seriously to consider the claims is that his article is so extended that of Christ.

we can not quote it in full. It would The bitterness and inconsistency of be helpful to have it reprinted on the Jewish Chronicle has no bounds.

some future occasion. Dr. Deutsch A few months ago this paper of has, unconsciously, done eminent ser- official Judaism published a full-page vice to Christianity by giving this photograph of the Right Honorable list of converts which we never had Rufus Isaacs, who was promoted to before. He also provoked Professor the office of Lord Chief Justice of Daiches to champion the cause of Great Britain-the highest office in orthodox Judaism, and in his defense the power of the Crown, and was he' gave us a list of the Reformed also raised to the peerage. In full Rabbis and their ofi'spring who have ecstasy of glorification, they told of renounced Judaism for Christianity. the deeds of this heroic Jew, and Thus, by the dissension of these pointed out how one could be such champions of Judaism, we have re- a loyal Jew and yet receive the ceived new light on the subject, and highest honor of state. But in the damaging evidence to all their base- Jen'ish Chronicle of October 2, 1914,

we read of an extraordinary event. Ruppin of Palestine, ventured to pub- The Hon. Gerald Isaacs, the son and lish a remarkable book entitled "The heir of this very Lord Chief Justice Jews of To-day." For frankness he married the daughter of another well- is a new "asset'" in modern Jewry.

known Jew, Sir Alfred Mond, Baro- He flatly contradicts the popular singnet, P.e., M.P., and both acc~pted song that Christianity has failed to Protestant Christianity, and were reach the Jews and after an analysis married at the Holy Trinity Church, of Jewish baptisms in different coun- London. Of course, the Je'Wish tries throughout the world, he speaks Chronicle made a bitter attack on thus of missionary estimates of adult both these children of Israel. We baptisms: venture to ask the Jro;ish Chronicle, "It is quite conceivable that in his apor any of the Jewish leaders-"Why proximate calculation of 204,500 Jewish not stamp this couple as 'bad Jews baptisms in the 19th century, he not only becoming worse Christians'?" does not exceed the actual number, but may, perhaps, fall slightly short of it. It The same Jewish Chronicle of Jan- uary 2, 1914, in congratulating the must be noticed that this figure included Right Honorable Lord Burnham, the neither Jewish converts to dissenting chief proprietor of the Daily Tele- creeds, nor baptisms of children of graph, upon the attainment of his mixed marriages. . . . The estimate of eightieth birthday, after fully eulogiz- 10,000 lews being baptized every year ing the greatness of this remarkable falls far short from actual fact."

man, comments thus on his conver- Dr. Ruppin's unconscious testimony sion to the Christian faith: that the ascendancy of Christianity "As a newspaper, the lewish Chroni- has superseded Judaism, should make cle offers fraternal .greetings to Lord every Jew pause awhile. Let the Burnham. As a Jewish newspaper it can Christian also take note of his renot forget that his Lordship found him- markable statement: self unable to remain in the community "In the first centuries before and after in which his' family was cradled. This Christ, Judaism was, indeed, a great atis a recolleCtion-and we say it frankly- tractive force with the heathen, and which is a regrettable one, for we do not there was a very considerable number produce so many men and women of com- of Jewish proselytes. But this spread manding caliber that we can afford to lose of Jewish faith ceased almost entirely one so distinguished as Lord Burnham." at the end of the first century, A.D. Paul's Evidently Lord Burnham does not propaganda, and the growing strength of come under the category of a "bad Christianity, took the wind out of its Jew becoming a worse Christian." sails. . . . From that time onward the Jewish mission was rejected in favor of There is one more important line Christianity." of evidence that proves rather re- freshing, seeing that we find modern Furthermore, he unconsciously gives Jewry has at last produced some who an effective reply to the two familiar dare to speak honestly on this very Rabbinical accusations against the subject. It was a pleasant surprize Christian Church, viz., 1st, "That to find that the eminent representa- converts are only of the poorest tive of official Zionism, Dr. Arthur and lowest strata of society." 2nd.

"That the Church is afraid to go to better than quote from the orthodox the rich and the educated." Jewish Year Dook, the 'He A tid,' which in reviewing the Jewish con- He divides the Jewish community dition, cries out in agonizing language: into four classes. The fourth he classifies as the best and noblest, and "Despair has overtaken us, for we no says: "In the fourth class, which in- more believe in a purpose, neither in that cludes rich Jews of the capitals and which the former simple faith had in- Jews of university training, baptism, vented, nor in that recently invented by for the children at least, has almost the exilic Judaism. We no longer see become the rule." any meaning in our miserable existence. Where is the way, and where the way As to the second accusation, he says out, and where is salvation? … Neither that for the cultured, rich and edu- Zionism, nor the indifferent national ascated, there is no need for a mis- pirations satisfy our souls, which thirst sionary-they themselves drift into after a new spiritual and moral life." Christianity, as the result of coming in contact with Christian influence, The Outlook education and environment. But the strongest influence toward Christian- Those of us who are standing upon ity is intermarriage. If a Jew is the walls of Zion and are watching baptized a Christian in the ordinary Israel's peculiar condition, do not way he is ostracized, but when one despair in the least. There has never marries outside the faith he is natur- been a time in their history when the ally looked upon with complacency. Jews have been more honestly en- Dr. Ruppin concludes his arguments deavoring to find the truth and learn with the following declaration: about Jesus Christ, than at the pres- ent. There has never been a time "The economical progress of the Jews, when the Jews have so entirely overand the growing culture of their sur- come all fear of the Rabbis and roundings, make it clear that the answer leaders, and so openly attend mismust be that an increase in baptisms IS sions as to-day. As soon as they all that can be expected." are convinced they take a definite stand. This has been the experience In the face of all these evidences of the missionaries in the different from their own sources we ask: Are parts of the world. All feel that a Missions to the Jews really a failure? point o~f contact has been established between the Jews and Christianity There is a remarkable answer given which no Rabbinical anathemas can in the Jewish World of September possibly destroy. The year 1914 must 13, 1913, to the query, "Why do be recognized by all laborers among Jews hate those who have accepted Israel as a year of progress and Christianity?" viz., "The answer is fruitage. There are extraordinary to be found in the zeal that those opportunities before the Church of men so often display against the rock Christ. The whole situation is so from which they were hewn." The momentous, so crucial, that the converted Jews are zealous to win Church can not afford to halt or to their brethren to Christ. hesitate for a moment.

The whole condition of the Jewry is lamentable, and we can not do

STREET OF THE TOWER OF DAVID IN

The Conquest of the Holy Land BY A. EDWARD KELSEY, RAM ALLAH, PALESTINE Missionary of the American Friends E.8I.EVEN crusades in me- passed since Peter the Hermit dieval history, covering preached the first crusade. The so- a period of one hun- called Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, dred and ninety-five altho nominally in possession of years, cost Europe the Christians, is guarded by Moslem . flower of her knight- soldiers. Here and there throughout the land ruins of noble Christian hood and hundreds of thousands of edifices tell of the occupation of this soldiers. Nine hundred years have

land by the knights of the cross. As the descendants of those who at the far as direct results are concerned, time of the Mohammedan conquest the work of those who came with refused to accept the faith of their sword and spear to rescue the tomb conquerors. The Christians as a of the Prince of Peace has long since class are more thrifty than their passed away. Moslem neighbors and their villages are in marked contrast to others. The modern crusade in the Holy This mixed population, with differ- Land began about 1835 with the ing and antagonistic faiths, makes primary obj ect of winning the Mos- Palestine one of the most difficult lems to faith in Jesus Christ. In mission fields of the world. The the words of Paul, these modern fanaticism of the dominant Moslem knights have come, "Seeking not population, the hatred of the perseyours but you," and their weapons cuted Jews, and the suspicion and have been the skill of the physician, ignorance of the Greek Orthodox the schools and the open Bible in are all stumbling-blocks to the progthe Arabic, the language of the ress of Protestant missions. people. English, Americans, Scotch, Germans and Swedes have had a The followers of Mohammed share in restoring the Gospel to the laughed to scorn the early Christian land of its nativity. missionaries in their efforts to pre- sent the claims of Christ to the To understand the situation in Moslems. They pointed to their Palestine one must remember that "Christian" neighbors, among whom Mohammedans, Jews and Christians there was hardly a semblance of (Greek Orthodox) are all indigenous true Christianity, and said, "They are to the land. Most of the villages Christians." In the cities, schools for are entirely Moslem and all of the boys were maintained by them, but cities have a large proportion of this the great mass of men and all their faith. Within twenty-five years nearly women were ignorant, dishonest and all the Jews in the land were in a disgrace to their so-called Chris- Safed, Tiberias, Jerusalem, Jaffa and tianity. It was very evident that Hebron. In the last. quarter century before the Moslems would even conthere has been a great influx of sider the claims of Christianity the: Hebrews into Jerusalem, and thirty- must see Christians whom they coulc" four agricultural communities have respect for their honesty, intelligence been founded in the most fertile and consecration. Consequently, parts of the land. Many people through their medical, educational and point to this return of the Jews evangelistic agencies, for seventy-five from all parts of the world as a ful- years the missionaries have been filment of prophecy and confidently battering down the walls of prejUdice look for a great turning to the Lord erected by an inert Christianity on the part of the seed of Abra- Much of the initial work of the ham. different societies was evangelistic il' character but eventually they all Every city has a considerable Greek found that permanent headway could Orthodox popUlation and some of the be made only by first placing the largest villages are almost entirely of this faith. These Christians are

THE CONQUEST OF THE HOLY

emphasis upon medical and educa- expansive in the Holy Land. It has tional work. hospitals in Gaza, Jaffa, N ablus (the ancient Shechem), and Salt, in Gilead The first schools that were opened beyond Jordan. Bishop Gobat were attended entirely by boys from founded on Mount Zion a school' Greek Orthodox families, and several for boys that has educated hundreds decades passed before applications of Syrian boys. The English Colcame for Moslem boys. N ow in all lege of this society furnishes a higher the boarding-schools of the country education for the youth of the land. will be found children from Moham- For this institution a beautiful site medan homes. These children, as a has recently been acquired on Mount rule, are required to pursue the reg- Scopas, just north of Jerusalem, and ular courses including Bible study here it is hoped may be erected an and attend the meetings for worship institution that will do for Palestine with the Christian children. what the Syrian Protestant College at Beirut is doing for Syria. The As early as 1821 Fisk and Parsons girls' orphanage at Nazareth and the of the American Board visited J eru- boarding-school at Bethlehem (until salem and distributed tracts and 1899 under the care of the Female Scriptures with the expectation of Education Society), are providing adopening work in the Holy City. A vanced educational privileges for the priest of the Greek Orthodox Church girls of the land. Over forty C.M.S. confest to Fisk that of the hundred day-schools scattered throughout the priests and monks in Jerusalem at country, and perhaps an equal number that time there was not a preacher carried on by other societies at work among them. The American Board in the land, are providing both girls having settled upon Beirut in Syria and boys with the rudiments of an as its field of operations, the first per- education. manent missionary work may be said to have been begun by the consecra- Eight or nine churches are cared tion of Rev. Samuel Gobat as Bishop for by the native pastors of this soof Jerusalem in 1846. Previous to ciety, and pastoral and evangelistic his appointment he had had twenty work are prosecuted by the native years experience as a missionary in and foreign workers. Abyssinia and Malta, and he came to his work with wide experience and The London Jews' Society maingreat consecration. tains excellent hospitals in Jerusalem and Safed, and has work in Damas- The Work of the British cus and Jaffa. . Academic and indus- trial education is offered to young About the time of the appointment proselytes and many young people of Bishop Gobat the London Society have been baptized. The work for for the Promotion of Christianity adult Jews has been extensive but has among the Jews began work in J eru- been largely fruitless except in breaksalem, and his invitation to the Church ing down prejudice. Some of the Missionary Society of England opened most valuable work of the society a station in Jerusalem and another has been done by converts, who have in Nazareth in 18s!. The work of given their lives in whole-hearted the latter society is by far the most

devotion to the work of the Master. of Galilee. A certain sheik from the The Bishop of the Church of Eng- Hauran had been restored to health in the Tiberias hospital, and to show land has a fine block of buildings his gratitude he told the doctor that which includes a cathedral, hospital, when he returned home he would and schools for boys and girls. There organize a raid upon a Christian vilis also a branch of this work at Haifa lage, drive off the cattle, and bring at the foot of Mount Carmel. a cow to the doctor.

The Mildmay Mission of London The Work ·of the Germans for a number of years maintained a village mission with several ladies in One of the most interesting insticharge. The work is now continued tutions in Jerusalem is the Syrian as a work of faith and much gooo has Orphanage, a Protestant industrial been done by these women who have institution which for sixty-four years endured great privation for the sake has been training orphan boys for of the gospel. Their house was robbed some time ago by notorious lives of usefulness. Carpentry, i oinoutlaws and complaint was made to the sheik of the village. He suc- ery, printing, tailoring, shoe-making, ceeded in restoring a part of their blacksmithing and brick-making are property and promised to re-imburse among the trades taught, and some them in full as soon as the robbers of the best mechanics of the country could rob someone else. are graduates of this school. It was founded by Pastor Schneller, and at The Edinburgh Medical Mission his death the work was ably taken has one of the finest hospitals in the up by his son under whom it has country at Damascus, and is also much enlarged. Over two hundred doing excellent work of this kind in boys are enrolled annually and these Nazareth, where the work has been are kept until they are eighteen, when greatly hindered by the confiscation they are supposed to be self-supportby the government of the first prop- ing. Many of the boys are confirmed erty of the society. A hospital is in the German Lutheran Church. A greatly needed in the town of Christ's few years ago a school for the blind boyhood days, and Christian people was started, which receives both boys the' world over should see that this and girls. These children are taught, society has the needed funds. basket-weaving, chair- and brush- making. No one who visits Jeru- The United Free Church of Scot- salem should fail to see this hive of land Mission to the Jews has work industry. in Hebron, Tiberias and Safed. There are hospitals in the two former Sister Charlotta's school, founded cities and schools also in the two in 1854, was the first boarding-school latter. Altho the work is primarily for girls in the country. This good for Jews, many others have been sister was also instrumental in bringministered to in both of the hospitals. ing the Kaiserwerth Sisters to Jeru- Dr. Torrance has been in charge at salem, an order of German deacon- Tiberias for over twenty years, and esses that has founded one of the is widely known for his skill among finest hospitals in the city. The the people on both sides of the Sea Germans have also day-schools for

CONQUEST OF THE HOLY

boys and native churches in J eru- boring villages for twenty years, when salem, Bethlehem and Beitjalla. a boarding-school for the higher edu- cation of girls was opened. The A Swedish society has been doing change of sentiment in this land tomedical work for a number of years ward female education has been very in Bethlehem, where a hospital has marked in the twenty-five years of been dedicated during the past year. the history of this school. In r889 it was with great difficulty that fifteen America'. Share in the Work girls could be secured for the open- ing of the work, altho the mlSSlOn No country is doing so much for offered to clothe, feed and educate the evangelization of the Ottoman Empire as America, but her work is A M ERI CA N CH U RCH OF THE C H RISTI A N AN D M I SS IO N AR Y ALLIANCE IN J ERUS.~LEM largely confined to the northern and the girls free of charge. The prewestern parts of the country. After vailing sentiment of that day was the transient work of the American exprest by a father who, when ap- Board there was no permanent mis- pealed to in reference to sending his sion conducted by Americans until little daughter to the school, pointed 1870. About that time the Friends to a cowan the hillside, and said: of New England became interested "You might just as well try to eduin the neglected women and girls of cate a cow as a woman. She hasn't the HOly Land and opened work at any brains ; she can't learn." Girls Ram Allah, a Christian village ten from this and similar schools are miles north of Jerusalem. Day now found in all parts of the country, schools for girls and medical work in Egypt, the Sudan and America. were maintained in this and neigh- Wives, mothers, teachers and Bible-

women have received their education The Christian and Missionary Aland the reputation of the school is liance of New York opened work in countrywide. The building has been Jerusalem in 1890. A boardingenlarged twice and now accommo- school for girls was opened soon after dates fifty, while many others have to be refused. Parents now gladly clothe in Jaffa, but after a few years was the girls, and many of them pay $40 a year, which about covers their moved to Jerusalem. In 1906 a board. The willingness of the par- similar work for boys was started. ents to make sacrifices for the edu- Both of these schools have grown as cation of their daughters is one of fast as their rather cramped accomthe most encouraging signs in their modations would allow and have change of attitude toward the edu- taken their places among the Chriscation of women. tian educational institutions of the land. In connection with the boys A few years ago as I was passing school opportunity is given for special through Cana of Galilee with a fellow training for Christian workers, and missionary, we made an unexpected plans have been prepared for the decall on one of the girls who had at- velopment of a Bible training-school tended the Ram Allah school some for those who feel called to devote years before. We were greeted at themselves to Christian work. This the door by the young woman herself. society was the first to open work in She was neatly drest, her hair was Hebron and now property has been carefully combed, and she ushered us acquired and work opened in Beer into a room that was immaculately Sheba. From these two out-stations clean. When she went to prepare the workers do itinerating work the customary coffee my companion among most of the villages of southturned to me and remarked, "If your ern Palestine. When the last-named mission had never done anything else station was opened it could be said than to make possible a single home that the gospel was being preached like this in this poor land it would from Dan to Beer Sheba. have done a great work." One of the most interesting de- A similar work for boys was velopments in connection with this started by the Friends some fifteen work has been the construction of a years ago. A tract of fifteen acres fine American church and missionnear the village has been bought and house in Jerusalem. Until this was one of the finest structures for edu- built there was no church in Jerucational purposes has been erected salem where ministers of non-Episat a cost of thirty thousand dollars. copal churches were invited to speak. This building is now ready for dedi- On Easter Sunday, 1913, this Americation and, upon this Judean hill-top can church was dedicated, and minwhich overlooks Moab, the Mount isters from many denominations from of Olives, Jerusalem, Mizpah, and the all parts of the world have preached Mediterranean, we hope to educate the "unsearchable riches of Christ" hundreds of Syrian youths for a in the city where He was once crucistrong Christian manhood to be fied. The building is a very neat leaders among their own people. stone structure, modest but tasteful, having a seating capacity of four

CONQUEST OF THE HOLY LAND

hundred. During tourist season the wasted the funds that should have many Americans who flock to this been used in forwarding the Lord's church are assured of a warm wel- work. There is so much sentiment come and a wholesome hour of wor- connected with the Holy Land that ship. Christian people in their giving should be careful that funds contributed go Other Agencies through some regularly organized board or society. The Moravians maintain a hospital for the lepers in Jerusalem and min- It is evident that the agencies at ister in a most practical way to these work for the redemption of the Holy outcasts upon whom Christ had com- Land are not few considering its passion.

THE AMERICAN FRIENDS' BOYS' SCHOOL AT RAM ALLAH, DEDICATED, 1914 The work of Miss Ford in Safed small area. If we were to judge of and the villllges of the Hauran is the results by the number of Protessupported by the Bible classes of Dr. tant communicants we must admit D. M. Stearns, of Philadelphia. They that they are meager considering the also maintain the School for the Blind effort put forth. The indirect results in Jerusalem, conducted by Miss of the work, however, appear on Lovell. every hand. New life has been in- fused into the Greek Orthodox Unfortunately, independent workers Church. For some years now it has come to Jerusalem, stay for a short been. establishing schools for both time, and then go on leaving no per- boys and girls wherever it has a manent results of their labors; and church. While these are not up to oftentimes they have worse than

the standard of mission schools, still of Europe. Now while they are enmany of their teachers have been gaged in a fratricidal war Turkey educated by the missionaries, and the deems it an opportune time to strike Bible is taught as it is in mission a blow at the institutions that for. schools. Many of our graduates be- nearly a century have been laboring come earnest Christians, but because for her opprest populations. of home ties continue in that church. These are sure to become a leaven- A money panic followed the outing influence in this church that a breaking of hostilities in Europe and century ago was all but lifeless. it is impossible to cash London or While the Roman Catholics and Paris drafts. Funds have been un- Greek Orthodox have been quarrel- obtainable, work has alI but ceased ing about holy places and have been and many missionaries have been building costly and often useless compelled to return home. Very few edifices, the Protestant mlsSlOnaries of the schools of the land were able have been playing the part of the to open this fall, and it is feared that good Samaritan to the poor people little can be done until peace is deof the land who have fallen among clared. While the work of carnage ecclesiastical and political thieves. continues in Europe the messengers of the Prince of Peace are gre~t1y Word has just come from Con- hindered in their work of faith and stantinople to teI1 us of the with- labors of love. Privileges long endrawal of alI concessions to foreign- joyed are withdrawn by· a hostile ers. This is a serious blow to mis- government. sionary institutions throughout the land. From the beginning the gov- There is, however, a general belief ernment has done alI it could to that a new day is about to dawn and obstruct the work of Christian mis- that the harvest of many years of sionaries. What few privileges have seed-sowing will soon be ready for been enjoyed have been extracted the garner. from Turkey by the powerful nations "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem. They shall prosper who love thee."

.:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..!..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:..:. .~t. ~ .~tt A CHANGE OF VIEW .'t. ..+~. .~:t+ "The sending of missionaries into our Eastern possessions is the maddest, most expensive, most unwarranted project that was ever ..+t• proposed by a lunatic enthusiast," was what the British East India Company said at the beginning of the nineteenth century. "In my judgment Christian missionaries have done more lasting .'t• •t. .'t. •:. good to the people of India than all other agencies combined," was .. what the English Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal said at the close of .. ••t••+• the n·meteenth century. .•.:•+• The Missionary Survey.

~. +.~ l . ..,.:. . …. . …. . …. ….. ….. … .+.. .+.. . .•. . .• . . …. . .• . . .• . . .++. .+. . . . . .+ . . .• . . +… .•. . .•. . .+.. . .+.. .+.. . .+.. . ….. . .. .. . .. . ~ +. •

' hat A bout the Turkish Capitu-

lations and Missions? * BY REV. GEORGE R. MONTGOMERY, NEW YORK eT iRE American visitor to the so-called "Capitulations," the I Turkey has been face most significant factors in their resi- dence. These capitulations have to face with so many been, for all foreign residents in Turkey, a guaranty to exemption interesting things that from the misrule to which the rest of the inhabitants are often subject. ~ the presence of foreign The danger to our missionary work lies not so much in the character of post-offices and of for- the Turkish laws as in the adminis- tration of them. eign courts of law has seemed to These same Capitulations have been him a negligible element among the used. by the "Six Powers" as a basis for exercising a sort of protecpeculiar conditions encountered. Even torate over the Christian races in the realm of the dominant Mahommedan if he should have happened to visit government.

the English Consulate and found N ow the Ottoman diplomats have taken the opportunity, when five of there an English tribunal, with the the six great European powers are at war, to declare Turkey no longer judge in his wig and the barristers bound by the terms of the Capitu- lations and the declaration promises in theirs, these things have seemed to. have wide-reaching results. It affects every country which has much less outlandish than the tur- treaties with Turkey, because under the "most favored nation" clause, the baned Turks and the red-fezed offi- rights and privileges accorded to the six great powers are shared in by cials elsewhere. America and all other countries. The declaration thus affects all foreigners The tourist might have a com- who have interests of any sort in Turkey. It affects the Christian races mission from some stamp collector who are subjects of the native gov- ernment, and especially those foreignto buy at the English post-office two- ers whose work requires their resi- dence on Turkish soil. penny postage stamps surcharged one The recent repUdiation by Turkey piaster, or at the French post-office 10 centime postage stamps surcharged 20 paras, but such postal arrange- ments have. probably seemed less curi- ous than that there should ·be in addition to foreign postal services any native service at all.

An American consul appointed to Constantinople is usually surprized and dismayed to discover that he is also a judge, with a jail at his com- mand, and with an American mar- shal to make his arrests.

Americans who reside in Turkey, however, find in the foreign post- offices, in the foreign courts, and in the other provisions resulting from *The word "Capitulations" signifies treaties, with conditions given under small headings.

of these Capitulations does not by for national sovereignty, and it may any means settle the matter, for there well be asked whether too easily has been acquiescence by no nation should be allowed to slip out of (unless it be Germany) in this re- hand the leverage furnished by these pudiation, nor is there likely to be. ancient treaties? Those who are When the present stress is over, the most conversant with the conditions issues will be up again for discus- are claiming that in the provisions of sion. Altho there may be modifica- these special agreements may be tions and rearrangements, there is no found means for upholding rights probability that the European powers which underlie the rights of nation- or any other power will be willing to ality.

surrender safeguards to personal, Not to acknowledge the right of financial, and religious liberty. the Turkish Government to try an In the meanwhile it will be well American citizen for a crime com- for the American people to inform mitted on Turkish soil may seem to themselves as to the questions in- be a violation of our conception of volved in the abrogation of these national sovereignty. If the Foreign treaties, both because of our interest Office at Washington expects to see in the American interests there, and carried out the same arrangements also because of the position which in Turkey which would hold with the United States is coming to hold respect to the treatment of Ottoman in the eyes of th,;: world as an im- subjects in the United States, it partial arbiter in the disputes of might be inclined to waive the im- nations. More than any other coun- munity of American citizens. The try, the United States has in its further query, however, should not official dealings with Turkey tried to be overlooked. May not the interests respect the independent sovereignty of justice be better served if we insist of the Ottoman Government, and at that Americans in Turkey are to be times the Department of State at tried only before American courts?

Washington has taken positions with Those who are familiar with Turkish respect to the rights of American court methods are convinced that a citizens in Turkey quite at variance foreigner's immunity from unsuper- with the practise of other countries. vised arrest is a powerful weapon in Non-intervention in the internal behalf of justice; and such immunity affairs of other nations is a general has not resulted in a failure of the policy which has commended itself foreign courts to deal severely with to the American public, not only as their own criminals.

a policy of advantage to us, but as No Turkish official has the right an equitable principle of international to enter an American building with- law. It is safe to say that every out previous notice to the American American interested in the situation consulate and an opportunity for some realizes the delicacy of the questiolJS representative of the consulate to be involved and wishes 'to be fair to present. This may seem an infraction the government of the Sublime Porte; of the principal of national sovereign- at the same time, justice and the ty, but it would require only a short rights of life and liberty are the basis residence in Turkey to convince one

CAPITULATIONS AND

that such a provision is a great aid remain American citizens, and this to the promotion of justice. is in accordance with the Turkish The Capitulations, describing and preference.

defining these anomalies of which we The difference between the eastern have spoken, do not refer to any and the western views accounts in a surrender in the usual sense of the measure for the disposition of many word "capitulate." The Capitula- American diplomats to disregard the tions mean merely treaties, and the Capitulations in their dealings with name arose because the original the Sublime Porte. The European treaties were divided into chapters, jurists, following the Roman law, or capitula. Most of the special treat- consider an alien's status to be deter- ies which are included under the mined by international law. Ameri- word Capitulations, go back to the can jurists, going back to the English sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, common law, have been inclined to a period when Turkey was at the consider his status to be determined height of her power. by the laws of the particular country In those earlier days government in which he resides. It has fre- was looked upon as a task which a quently happened that the counselors conquering people would gladly dele- at Washington have been led to look gate to the conquered, provided only upon an American going to Turkey that the imposts were paid and that to reside, as going so voluntarily, and, the conquerers were not interfered therefore, as estopt from expecting with. That was the prevalent idea treatment different from that of Tur- throughout the Greco-Roman Empire kish subjects.

with respect to colonists also. The an- The first Capitulations have a date cients were niggardly of citizenship, at least as early as 905, when a treaty and colonists were regarded as re- was arranged between the Greek Em- maining citizens of their homeland, peror at Constantinople and the War- upon which also rested the burden rings, or Russians. The original of governing them. Capitulations between France and the The Hebrew legislators in the Bible Ottomans go back to 1535; and simi- reflect this, which we may call the lar Capitulations with England, in- Eastern view of outlanders, in the cluding the most favored nation treatment prescribed for Gentiles. clause, were signed in: 1593. When The Gentiles might be among the the Turks captured Constantinople in people but they were not of the 1453, Galata, the part of the city people. The Jewish laws were only north of the Golden Horn, was a for the children of Israel. In the Genoese walled city with a freedom Levant, nationality is a matter of race something like that of the German and religion, not of territory. They free dties. It had a Genoese mayor, would say that where the state and or Podesta, and the residents owed religion are identified, the laws of .allegiance to the Duke of Milan. It one state can not apply to those of a was already what the lawyers call different religion. In Turkey the an imperium in imperio. The Sultan resident children of American resi- confirmed this status, being satisfied dents, even to several generations, with the razing of the walls. The

next year the Venetians in Constan- compel the Patriarchate to disclose tinople received similar Capitulations the old list, and the American consul and elected their own Bailo. The felt compelled to accept the evidence native Christian races were, in the of the marriage as sufficient. same way, left to manage their own internal affairs so that until recently Any fair consideration of the Capthere has been no unification of the itulations must have regard to the various elements in the Empire. advance and development of Turkey as well as to the rights and safety of An instance which shows how dis- the foreign residents and of the native tinct are these racial autonomies Christian races. among the native subjects of Turkey, occurred not long ago when the house- The strongest side of Turkey's case keeper of a wealthy Armenian re- is presented in the limitations which siding in Constantinople brought suit the powers have felt themselves enon his death for dower rights, claim- titled to put on the percentage of iming that he had married her. As the port revenue to be" collected by the Armenian was an American citizen, Ottoman Government. This was origthe case came bef9re the American inally placed by the powers at 8 per consular court. The woman pro- cent. Then in late years it was duced the registry of a Galata church raised to I I per cent., and negotiain proof of her contention. In this tions for a further raise were pendregistry, on a bottom line which was ing when Turkey took matters in blank on all the other pages, there her own hand, and has in the last had been entered in a different kind few weeks raised the duty to IS per of ink from the rest of the names, a cent. ad valorem. Leaving aside the record of her marriage as claimed, question whether either party to a but with no serial number, while all treaty has a right to abrogate the the other" marriages were in unbroken treaty at will, the general American serial number. sentiment would probably be that even a semi-civilized nation is at The case looked fraudulent on the liberty to decide the amount of its face of it, so the judge sent to con- own import duties. sult the official record which· was kept at the Armenian Patriarchate. The The equitableness of Turkey's wish reply at the Patriarchate was that the to abolish the foreign post-offices may entire records were being copied and also make a prima facie appeal to the could not be seen for several days. American people. Were it only a When the newly copied records were matter of financial rights, a right to displayed, there was the marriage the returns from the business now entry in its proper place, but it was carried on by the foreign offices, it impossible to obtain a look at the would be easier to agree here, especic older record of which this was a copy. ally as the Turkish post-offices are efficiently administered. The revenue The amount of money involved in concerned, however, can not be much, the suit was a large one, and it ap- and there enters in the fact that the peared very much as if the records Turkish Government feels itself at" had been falsified; but there was no liberty to open the letters which it machinery by which any court cQuld transmits. It must not be overlooked

CAPITULATIONS AND MISSIONS

that in a country where suspicion and States to hesitate before taking poprejudice can do so much damage, the sitions that would be "offensive to foreign post-offices have in the past the national pride of the Turks," or been important agencies in behalf of that would, represent "humiliating justice. forms of international meddling" ; and it is perhaps natural for an American If we pass from these two pro- to say that "Turkey should have visions of the Capitulations to the exclusive jurisdiction over foreigners rights accorded to the persons of in all matters affecting public law and foreigners, and to the rights in court order in the Empire"; but we should proceedings, we reach considerations not overlook as a condition precedent which warrant us in predicting that to such jurisdiction that "Turkish no power, not even Germany or Aus- criminal and civil law should therf" tria, will consent to any change. The fore be made to accord fully, both in Turks recognize that the foreign form and substance, with the law courts have not discriminated in favor generally accepted in all civilized of foreign citizens. I remember an lands."* instance of this freedom from bias in a case that came before the Ameri- Turkish criminal and civil tribunals can Consul General at Constantinople are not well administered. The gena few years ago. eral level of honesty is low and it is difficult to know what the law is. It is a custom for banks and other The complications of commerce and institutions to hire Albanians as industry have increased far more special watchmen and guards. During rapidly than the legal definitions and one of the riots at Constantinople, prescriptions. A moral public opinion the watchman of a certain American which is no higher than a stage of building ran away just when the ser- barter and cash purchases, can not vices for which he had been hired stand the strain when suddenly an were most needed. He did not ap- elaborate system of contractual oblipear again for two weeks, by which gations is built upon it. time order had been restored in the city. He was paid for the two A concrete instance will give an weeks, but at the same time dismissed. understanding of conditions which He brought suit before the American are the rule and not exceptional in court for a month's wages, on the the administration of Ottoman jusground that he had been dismissed tice. with no previous notice. The defendants urged that, by running away, A case was brought on appeal to he had himself broken the contract. Constantinople and tried before a The consul awarded him the month's Turkish jUdge. The English barwages and the costs of the suit, which rister who represented the English there include the attorney's fees, on appellants, had most of his cases the ground that it was a time of before the English court, or else be~ special panic, and that had the judge fore the "mixed court." In cases been a watchman, he himself would like this which came before a Turkish doubtless have run away. judge his custom was to associate It is well enough for the United ·Prof. P. M. Brown, "Foreigners in Turkey" (page 112).

an outside native lawyer, and to see tegrity and honesty which prevails, that the native lawyer's expense ac- as the Turks themselves admit, in the count was swelled sufficiently to allow foreign courts, makes for commercial the customary bakshish to the court. confidence and for commercial ex- His purpose, of course, was to ex- pansion. pedite justice but he never let his own office be implicated in gifts of In speaking of the Capitulations, it this sort. In this particular case the must be remembered, moreover, that judge decided against him, and when they have been considered as binding he investigated as to the trouble, upon parts of the Empire that have the judge said frankly that he had broken away. England, for instance, not received his bakshish. The prob- in Egypt, has found them hampering ability was that the native lawyer, her plans. supposing the case so clear that the judge would not dare decide adversely, Taking everything into considerhad kept the judge's fee for himself. ation, there does not seem to be much doubt that some modifications Noone claims that all the Turkish in the Capitulations will be necessary. judges are corrupt. In fact, the real Inasmuch, however, as Turkey does estate cases and the inheritance cases not seem to be planning any immedithat come before the religious courts ate alteration in the status of the are adjudicated with considerable foreign residents, nor in the arrangeequity. Nor is the claim made that ments of the tribunals as at present all foreign judges are incorruptible. constituted, the whole matter may be Nevertheless, the higher grade of in- left without undue alarm to that treaty-making time which we hope is 110t very far off.

IT COULDN'T BE DONE-SO HE DID IT Somebody said that it couldn't be done, With the lift of his chin, and a bit of a But he, with a chuckle, replied grin, That "Maybe it couldn't" but he would Without any doubting or quiddit, be one He started to sing as he tackled the Who wouldn't say so till he tried. thing So he buckled right in, with a trace of a That couldn't be done-and he did it. grin There are thousands to tell you it can On his face. If he worried he hid it. not be done; He started to sing as he tackled the There are thousands to prophesy fail- thing That couldn't be done-and he did it. ure' There are' thousands to point out to you Somebody scoffed: "0, you'll never do that; one by one, The dangers that wait b) assail you. At least, no one ever has done it." But he.took off his coat, and he took off But jUst buckle in with a bit of a grin, his hat, Then take off your coat and go to it; And the first thing we knew he'd be- Just start in to sing as you tackle the gun it; thing That "can not be done"-and you'll do it. -Selected.

A TYPICAL MEXICA N INDIAN

Battles and Bibles In Mexico BY MRS. FRANCES S. HAMILTON, MEXICO CITY Agent of the American Bible Society HROUGH all the dis- laid down in the Sacred Book. The Bible Society colporteurs are urged IlTI tressing year of revo- to give God's Word to Mexico, and . lution and counter re- thus to prepare the way for a higher volution in Mexico the civilization. sorely tried colporteurs of the American Bible The newspapers have insisted that Society have been encouraged to the "Colossus of the North" is waitcarry God's Word to their unhappy ing only until Mexico should be so compatriots. In its pages alone can torn by internal strife that "it would they find light and guidance, for these fall easy prey to the "northern vulturbulent times. The Mexicans have ture." This, at times, seemed very been told that the great American plausible, and one must give the Mexnation was founded on the Bible and icans credit for much self-restraint in that any greatness it possesses is the dealing with foreigners in their midst. result of adherence to the principles Not until the marines actually landed

in Vera Cruz did the pent-up feeling employees, attend to keeping colporfind expression, and even then one teurs at work in districts where they can still be reached by mail. wondered that more ha~m wa.s ~ Small Scripture portions were disdone. tributed among the Federal soldiers A favorite verse in the Mexican who were very glad to receive them, liking especially the Four Gospels in National Hymn is as follows: one volume. Rev. Arcadio Morales, the veteran pastor of the Presby- -"If the foot of foreign foe dare profane terian Church in Mexico City, has dis- thy soil, tributed hundreds of these little books in the penitentiary, prisons and bar- Know, dear Motherland, that heaven racks. He has received many ex- gave thee, in every son, a soldier." pressions of appreciation and grati- tude for the books, and finds that as When it became known that the the soldiers are sent to other parts "foreign foe" had actually "profaned of the country, they continue the their soil," Mexicans everywhere seed-sowing. proffered their services in defense of the Fatherland. President Huerta A little blind woman, who for called on the whole country to unite twelve years has been employed by in repelling the invaders, and the situ- the Bible Society to sell the Spanish ation for resident Americans became New Testament in the streets of very tense. Mexico City, has found it increasingly difficult to make sales at the regular .As the days wore on and "the price, but whenever anyone expresses enemy" continued to "watch and the desire to possess the little book wait," many of the newly enlisted she sells it for whatever may be troops were shipped north to fight offered. Her plan is never to leave the Constitutionalists. This was not a Testament with a purchaser until their program, and a revulsion of she has explained something of its feeling sent many over to the -rebel contents and awakened the desire to side and made life more endurable read it. Notwithstanding that more for Americans in Mexico City. It than 800,000 copies of the Scriptures was at this juncture that the mis- have been circulated in Mexico dursionary workers who had persistently ing the last thirty-six years, the Bible remained at their posts, were finally is practically an unknown book exordered to leave the country. cept to adherents of the Protestant churches. To turn one's back on the beloved work, to abandon faithful friends who N early all Roman Catholic comhad labored patiently under desper- municants know many of the Bible ately trying conditions for three stories, and every year during Holy tragic years, was for the missionaries Week, the story of the Passion is a heart-wringing experience, and was enacted more or less crudely in the accepted only because of imperative churches; but the book from which orders. these stories are taken is prohibited. Many times it is bought and studied The agency of the American Bible Society was closed three days while the anti-American feeling was intense, but since that time it has opened every morning as usual, and the German bookkeeper, with two Mexican

AND BIBLES IN

MEXICAN TYPES AT THE 14ITLA RUINS orders, but in many cases, a torn, half-burned page has brought the at the risk of excommunication, be- Holy Spirit's message to a hungry cause priests generally will not allow soul, and the history of more than their people to open its pages. Tho one Evangelical church begins in a this statement has been repeatedly scrap of printed page saved from a denied, and while it is claimed that bonfire. One church and twelve the prohibition applies only to "Prot- chapel services resulted from the estant Bibles," the fact remains that reading of two bits of a burned page, a "Catholic Bible" is almost never en- one of which said, "Thou shalt not countered in the home, and its price make unto thee any graven image, at book-stores when one is found, is nor any likeness of anything that is practically prohibitive. A copy was in heaven above or that is in the on sale in the window of a large earth beneath… "; and the other, book-store on Cinco de Mayo Street -"Know ye not that the unrighteous early in 1913. It was marked "Bar- shall not inherit the Kingdom of gain"-only ten pesos ($5.00), for- God? Be not deceived, neither formerly 25 pesos." It was in four nicators nor idolators" . . . large paper-bound volumes, much shop-worn, and is the only Catholic In many cases the Bible is literally Bible the writer has seen on sale in a new book to its possessor, and its a window during thirty years' resi- message comes to him with an appeal dencein Mexico. Hundreds of Bibles almost inconceivable to those of us have been burned by the priests' who have known it from childhood.

Rev. Carlos Amador of Tulancingo, has been engaged, during the past year, in furnishing the Scriptures to REV. ARCADIO MORALE!

Dean of Protestant Ministers in Mexico

men who had never even heard the ment concerning the Bible, attempted Bible mentioned. While he was im- to take revenge by overturning the prisoned for political reasons, he boat in which he and Mr. Sutherland made use of the opportunity to give were being ferried to shore. For- the Gospel message to his fellow tunately, the latter could swim, and prisoners. When he was finally re- tho hampered by his bag of Bibles leased, he continued to send the he made his way safely to the beach.

Spanish Gospels to the prison, and Another passenger, unable to swim, recently the warden told him that he was with difficulty saved by the never before had charge of such an boat's captain. The books damaged orderly lot of prisoners; that men by the sea bath were afterward who formerly spent their time gam- given away, and, in the Providence bling and quarreling, gathered in of God, will probably be the means little groups around those able to of bringing other souls to the knowl- read and listened for hours to the edge of His truth.

'~old, old story." Two of the men In one town Mr. Sutherland was released and returning to their homes invited by the municipal president to in other towns, have formed little hold a Bible conference in the City centers of evangelical work, and beg Hall, and had the privilege of preach- Senor Amador to go to them and hold ing the Word to a large and eagerly Protestant services. attentive audienc~the result being Another interesting feature of the a large sale of Bibles on the follow- year's work, carried on through revo- ing day.

lutionary territory and often in real A Mexican colporteur has not an peril from opposing factions, was the easy task, even under the most fa- long journey made. by the Super- vorable conditions. With a great intendent of Colporteurs, Rev. A. H. part of the country at the mercy of Sutherland, who traveled from Guad- bandits, much of the Bible work has alajara up the west coast of Sinaloa, been carried on during the past year crossing to Lower California, where under circumstances of great stress he put in circulation more than two and peril. One man, Saulo Medel, thousand copies of the Scriptures. has suffered more than most of the He found the people of the peniIlsula colporteurs because his home has been generally glad to receive the Word, in a region infested by Zapatistas, >:and he made it a point to leave no whose methods of "warfare" have · house unvisited in any of the towns he been most barbarous. Three times · went through. In a few cases heirnet Senor Medel has been arrested and .. with the same priest-inspired oppo- held as a spy, but has escaped death · sition as is encountered in other parts in each case because of his acquaint- of Mexico. On one occasion, while ance with some superior officer to ;"searching for a purse which he had whom he could appeal. Twice he dropt in a sandy road, two old women has fled from home with his little · passing, told him that the loss was a family, and the second time his life 'punishment from God for selling bad was ·threatened and they were obliged books. At another time, an ex-priest to leave at a moment'!' notice, aban· who had been worsted in an argu- . doning house and furniture and carry-

AND BIBLES IN· MEXICO

ing only such clothing as could be tion of God. All through the three packed for the thirty-mile walk up the past tumultuous years this colporteur mountains to Ozumota. has continued to carry the Bible to the inhabitants of that bandit-infested A horse, belonging to a neighbor region, traveling in 1913 more than who wished also to escape from a thousand miles, and visiting fifty- Cuautla, was utilized to carry her one towns. child, two small Medel children and a little luggage. Saulo carried the The spirit of the men engaged in baby, and the ten-year-old daughter Bible work in Mexico, is illustrated walked with the mother. In this by a portion of one of Senor Medel's FORTY M ll.ES FROM A RAILROAD IN MEXICO fashion they made the perilous jour- letters dated December IS, 1913 ney through mountain paths when at (translated) . any moment they were in danger of being shot by passing soldiers-as "I was unable to get a safe-conduct neither federals nor revolutionists at the barracks because they paid stop to ask questions. Many an little attention to me; and as I do not honest workman going to his daily like to beg for favors, there came to toil has been shot down merely as my mind all the care that the Lord target-practise for the soldiers riding has thrown about me, and I rememby, so ,Senor Medel regarded their bered the word which says-'Blessed escape and safe arrival in Mexico is the man that trusteth in the Lord City as due to the particular protec- and whose hope the Lord is'; so I resolutely left the cuartel and here I

am, trusting all the present and the to stand by and· uphold the coming future to the infinite mercies of God." patriot who shall lead his country once more into the ways of peace. When all is said, this is all that any of Mexico's evangelical workers, Many evangelical Christians, scatnative and foreign, can do in the tered throughout the Republic, are present crisis; but through the pre- praying daily that right may prevail. vailing darkness gleams the splendid It is they who demand better schools, hope that after the war-clouds pass better teachers, and improved social away, a fairer, happier Mexico will conditions for their fellow men. It is emerge, ready as never before to re- they who still believe that the Americeive that Word which is the Life- can nation is their friend, and expect and the Life shall be the light of us to prove our friendship by deeds, men. not by mere empty words. They have learned that "Righteousness exalteth Among the 13,000,000 of Mexicans a nation," and in this little leaven of there are at least a few hundred thou- right-thinking citizens will be found sand who, thanks to the evangelizing the hope for the future of Mexico. work of the American Bible Society and Protestant missions, are prepared GENERAL ZAPATA

and the Woman Ques-

tion-. II BY THE REV. SAMUEL G. WILSON, D.D., TABRIZ, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U.S.A.

Marriage and Divorc:e put away; he may take back. The I. .aT HE regulation of di- law says nothing of her right to vorce is another mattec divorce him. It does not appear that that vitally affects the she has the right to divorce her hus- relation of man and band even in case he is guilty of , woman. The divorce adultery. The penalty for adultery is .- law of Baha, as pre- slight. A fine of nineteen miscals of scribed in the Kitab-ul-Akdas, is a gold, equal to fifty to sixty dollars, is loose one. I again quote from Profes- imposed for the first offense and this sor Browne's translation.40 It will be is doubled for the second offense. noticed that the conditions of the law The fines are to be paid to the are set forth from the standpoint of "House of Justice." According to the man. "If quarrels arise between the Beyan of the Bab the husband a man and his wife, he may put her must pay the divorced wife a dowry away. He may not give her absolute of ninety-five miscals of gold ($300) divorce at once, but must wait a year if they are city folks, and ninety-five that perhaps he may become recon- miscals of silver ($10) if they are ciled to her. At the end of this villagers. These are paltry sums period, if he still wishes to put her even on the basis of Persian poyerty. away, he is at liberty to do so. Even I may say, in passing, that the Laws after this he may take her back at the of Inheritance give to the father a end of any month so long as she has greater portion than to a mother, to a not become the wife. of another brother greater than to a sister, and man." "The practise of requiring a gives the family residence to a male divorced woman to cohabit with an- heir.

other man before her former husband Freedom from the marriage bond can take her back is prohibited." is made easy by desertion. "Married (This abolishes one of the vile laws men who travel must fix a definite of Mohammedanism). "If a man is time for their return and endeavor to traveling with his wife and they return at that time. If their wives quarrel, he must give her a sufficient have no news from them for nine sum of money to take her back to months, after the fixt period, they the place they started from and send can go to another husband. But if her with a trustworthy escort." From they are patient it is better,. since these quotations it is evident that the God loves those who are patient."

wife is dependent on the good pleas- How the husband, .who is away .ure and whim of the man. He may from his wife can act, we may judge '"'ournal of the Royal Asiatic Society:' 1892. by the example of a celebrated Ba-

hai,41 Maskin Kalam, who was agent he directs; "Gather together these for Baha to watch over and spy upon two races, black and white, into one Azal and the Azalis in Cyprus. His assembly and put such love into their wife was in Persia; he simply took hearts that they shall even inter- another in Cyprus. ffl,U,rry." (A Heavenly Vista by L.

The ease with which desertion may G. Gregory, p. 31). Again he says be practised under Bahai law is seen (page 'IS) : "The colored people must in the conduct of Dr. Kheiralla, one attend all the unity meetings. There of the first apostles of Bahaism to must be no distinctions. All are America, and founder of the Chicago equal. If you have any influence to Assembly. Dr. H. H. Jessup wrote: get the races to intermarry, it will "A cousin of Dr. 'Kheiralla, who is be very valuable. Such unions will clerk in the American Press in Beirut, beget very strong and beautiful chil- gave me the following statement. dren." Mr. Gregory, an American 'Dr. Kheiralla, after the death of his negro, followed this advice by marry- first wife in Egypt, in 1882, married ing an English woman, Miss L. A. M.

first a coptic widow in El Fayum, Mathew.

whom he abandoned, and then mar- IV. The social position of women ried a Greek girl, whom he also under Bahaism, Professor Browne abandoned, and who was still living says; "Their (the Bahais) efforts to in 1897 in Cairo. He then married improve the social position of women an English wife, who abandoned him have been much exaggerated."43 It when his matrimonial relations be- may be added that the success of came known to her."42 their efforts has been small. It is According to the claims of Bahais, plain that the Bab recognized the these loose and imperfect divorce deplorable condition of women under and marriage laws are to be accepted Islam and desired to improve it. His and administered universally under laws gave woman some liberties. She the future kingdom of Baha in its was permitted to put off the veil.

world-wide triumph! The Bab interpreted the prohibition It may be remarked in passing that of the 'Koran. to mean that "only Bahaism encourages the mixture of the wives of the prophet had received races by marriage. Already several the order to hide the face,"" so "he American Bahais have married Per- relieved believers from the painful sian women, and Persian men Ameri- restraint of the veil." Women might can women. One American Bahai appear in society, hold conversation * woman has married a Japanese. with men, and go to the mosques at Abdul Baha illustrates the relation of night. Baha: renewed these rules of the races by a reference to animals. the Bab. Still he seems to have "Consider the kingdom of the ani- some distrust, for the Kitab-ul-Akdas mals. A pigeon of white plumage says that "men are forbidden to enter would not shun one of black or any man's house without his per- brown." In a tablet sent to America, mission or in his absence." Thus 11 "Traveler's Narrative," pp. 37&.9. ism::' "Encyclopedia Bri~icaJJ arti~le~ "Bah.

.. Outlook. of New York, quoted in THB MIS' .. Dreyfus, Id., p. 138• SIONARY REVIEW. October, 1902, p. 773. 'But if they 'limit themselves to twenty..,ight words, it was hetter for them, says the BayllD. .

AND THE WOMAN

Bahai precepts tend in some degree the movement for the uplift of Per- to the liberation of woman, tho sian womanhood. They might have they fall much behind high Christian done m':1ch more, notwithstanding the ideals and customs. limitations to their liberty of action.

There is observable a widespread had they followed out the first ideals and influential movement among Mos- of the Bab.. These were exemplified lems for the amelioration of the in the celebrated Kurrat-ul-Ayn. This condition of woman. This movement beautiful woman of genius-poet, does not have its source and in- scholar and theologian, was a pupil spiration in, nor is it peculiar to nor at Kerbela, of Haji Kazim, the chief confined to Bahaism. On the con- of the Sheikhs. On his death she trary, an oriental writer in a review accepted the Bab, so that tho a of this remarkable tendency says: product of the Sheikhi sect, her fame "Its birth in Moslem lands undoubt- accrues to the honor of the Babis.

edly is due to the impact of the At Kerbela, she gave lectures on Occident upon the Orient, the mis- theology to the people from behind sionary influence playing a large part a curtain, and at times, borne away in it."" The new Moslems of India, by her enthusiasm and eloquence, under the leadership of Justice Sayid would allow her veil to slip off in Ali, as well as the Young Turks, the presence of men. Her preaching Egyptians and others, advocate free- and freedom of conduct was objected dom and education for women and to even by Babis, but the Bab an- have gone much beyond the Bahais swered them, commending her and in practise. The Turkish women in giving her the title of Janab-i-Tahira, Constantinople, who aided in the "Her Excellency the Pure," and made establishment of the constitution and her one of his nineteen "Letters of are aspiring to enlarged liberty under the Living," or apostles. She is said its aegis, know Bahaism, if at all, to have claimed to be a remanifesta- simply as a Persian heretical sect. tion of Fatima, the daughter of The Persian women, described so Mahommed. The Turkish govern- graphically by Mr. Shuster in "The ment at Bagdad began prosecution Strangling of Persia,"46 who formed against her. She returned to Persia clubs and took such an active and and taught Babism even from the heroic part in the constitutional agita- pulpit, at Kasvin, and also by means tion, were not Bahai women. The of poetry. What were the social Bahai women, as well as the men, results of her breaking through the were forbidden by Abdul Baha to restrictions of Islam? Her husband take part in the struggle for con- was Mullah Mohammed of Kasvin, stitutional liberty.47 Pro f e s s 0 r who was opposed to the Bab. On Browne laments the lack of patriot- account of this she refused to live ism shown in their conduct. Still with him. "In reply to all proposals the Bahais deserve some credit for of reconciliation, she answered: 'He, in that he rejects God's religion is .. American Review of Reviews, 1912, p. 719. unclean, while I am 'Pure'; between .. Pp. 191·198. us there can be nothing in common.' "T "Observations of a Bahai Traveler," by So she refused to be reconciled to Remey, pp. 53, 67; also Dreyfus, Id., p. 172.

her husband,"48 and regarded herself into public life and her tragic death as divorced. Afterward "she set in the cruel reprisals that followed out secretely to Jom herself to the attempt of several Babis to as- Hazret-i-Kuddus (Lord, the Most sassinate the Shah, gave a backset to Holy)," that is, Mullah Mohammed the efforts to liberate women in Ali of Barfurush. Together they at- Persia. Certain it is that during the tended, with Baha Allah also, the sixty years succeeding she has had celebrated conference at Badasht, at no imitator or successor. Bahai which "the abrogation of the laws women have continued to wear the of the previous dispensation was an- veil and have remained secluded from nounced." There a sermon was the society of men, not only in preached by Hazret-i-Kuddus, which, Persia but at Acca, the headquarters says Professor Browne, lends some of Bahaism. The force of the new color to the accusation that the Babis faith was not strong enough to free advocated communism and community the women. Rather they have com- of wives."49 This learned investigator promised with their environment.

further says: "The extraordinary pro- Only in the Caucasus and Trans- ceedings at Badasht seem to have Caspia under Russian protection, have scandalized not only the Mohamme- they partly unveiled. Not even their dans but even a section of the women of the second and third gen- Babis."50 Mirza Jani, their first his- eration have been trained to act up torian and a martyr, avers that not to their precepts, but in Acca, as in all "have understood the secret of Persia, they are secluded from the what passed between Hazret-i-Kuddus society of even brethren in the faith.

and Kurrat-ul-Ayn at Badasht, and They are more backward than some their real nature and what they other sects and races of Moslems. I meant."51 The Mohammedan histor- have been entertained in the house- ians openly accuse them of immor- holds of Kurds and Ali Allahis and ality. The Sheikh of Kum, a Bahai, have dined and conversed with the told Professor Browne, "After the host and his wife. I have, of course, Bab had declared the law of Islam conversed with the families of Chris- abrogated and before he had pro- tian converts from Islam, but the mulgated new ordinances, there en- wife of a Bahai has never been in- sued a period of transition which we troduced to me, even tho I have call fitrat (the interval), during which known the husband intimately and all things were lawful. So long as visited him at his home a score of this continued, Kurrat-ul-Ayn may times in the course of as many years.

very possibly have consorted, for In a few instances I have heard of example, with Hazret-i-Kuddus, as Bahai women, in company of their tho he had been her husband."52 husbands, receiving gentlemen visit- It may be that the scandals that ors, but these wives had resided in followed Kurrat-ul-Ayn's venture Russia. An Osmanli official, at times, 48 "New History," p. 274. receives and makes visits in company ,. rd., p. 357. with his wife. But the ladies of the household of Baha Ullah and Abdul 10 Mirza Jain's "History," Introduction, p. xlii. Baha at Acca do not receive gentle- 61 "New History," p. 365. 62 "A Year Among the Persians," p. 523.

men as visitors even when they are each Board is to be at least nine, faithful and honored American be- "according to the number of Baha."55 lievers. Mr. Myron Phelps when The members are to be all men. No preparing materials for his "Life of women .are to be admitted to these Abbas Effendi," spent a month at Boards or "Houses of Justice." This Acca. He wished to embody in his law evidently did not suit the notion book the interesting narrative of of some of the American Bahai Behiah Khanum, the sister of Abbas. sisters, so they made bold to inquire She, tho more than half a century about it. The "Infallible Interpreter," had passed over her head, did not Abdul Baha, laid down the law grant him personal interviews.53 In- plainly-which can not be altered for stead she told her narrative in instal- 1000 years at least. "From a spiriments day by day to Madame Cana- tual point of view, there is no differvarro, who then came out and re- ence between women and men. The peated what she had heard to Mr. House of Justice, however, according Phelps, who recorded it. He says: to the positive commandments of the "Social custom prevented me from Doctrine of God, has been specialized meeting this lady," and again, "Social to the men for a specific reason or custom prevented me from meeting exercise of wisdom on the part of the women."~4 God."56 "As to you other maid-ser- vants, give up your will and choose N ow that the way is opened by the that of God." "The maid-servants of Revolution and by the Constitution- the merciful should not interfere with alists (who were not Bahais), liberal- the affairs which have regard to the minded men of all sects in Persia, Board of Consultation, or House of Sufis, Sheikhis, Arifs, and even Muta- J ustice."57 sharis, as well as Bahais, are showing considerable zeal for the elevation of To sum up, it has been demonwomen, and for female education. strated that Bahaism does not, by its laws, give woman equality with the V. What does Bahaism teach as to man, either in the family or the the political equality of man and state, either as to domestic rights or 'tuoman. The future Bahai State and political rights; that in the matter of community is to be under the admin- education it has not tried to give istration of Boards-called Houses of equal opportunities to girls; that it Justice, local, national, and universal. conforms to the social life of its These are to be "divine agents," "re- environment without transforming it; presentatives of God:" They are to that the claims of Abdul Baha before have absolute authority and to be his audiences in Europe and America infallible in their decisions. They were without foundation, disproved will adjudicate questions of property, both by the teaching and by the practithes, inheritance, divorce, and of tise by Baha Ullah. war and peace. They will have charge of schools and of wives, chil- 55B=2, a=l, h=5, a=l, total 9 in Persian dren and servants as well as of re- Abjad counting. ligion. The number of members in .6 "Tablets of Abdul Baha," Vol. I, p. 50• .. Phelps. xxxix. 54 "Idem," p. 109. 47 G7 '~Idern,tI p. t

American Board In

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT THE AMERICAN BOARD I05th ANNUAL MEETING IN DETROIT, MICHIGAN BY REV. EDWARD LINCOLN SMITH, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions"

HE Annual Meeting of for many years on the Prudential Committee, and has visited the mis- IZT l the American Board sions as a member of the deputation of Commissioners for to China, was elected to the office. ~. ~ Foreign Missions held ~ at Detroit (October This meeting of the Board was 13th to 16th), was also significant because of its hearty unique and gratifying in many re- and unanimous acceptance of the spects. There was profound thanks- proposals of the National Council to giving for one of the best years, fi- make the regularly elected delegates nancially, in the history of the Board. of the National Council hereafter, Nat only was no debt incurred, but members of the Board. By this about $3,000 surplus remained to action the Board accepts the new apply on a small deficit of the pre- plan of organization in the Congrevious year. The total receipts gational denomination and allows the amounted to over one million dollars churches themselves to take upon -and this in spite of adverse busi- their shoulders responsibility for its ness conditions in America during the work. In addition to these National past year. Never before has the Board Council delegate members, the Board been at work under so many national elects one hundred and fifty members flags for the 75,000,000 people in- at large, in which class may be included in its various fields. New cluded any friends of the Board who calls have come with embarrassing are devoted to it in some peculiar abundance, as· in the offer of the way. and not so likely to be chosen Chinese authorities to hand over to as members through the National the Board the work of education in Council. The change wilI not make eight counties of Shansi. Young material difference in the progress churches in the mission fields are of the work of the Board. The becoming independent propagandists Annual Meetings hereafter will be a of Christianity in Japan, in China, in part of the Biennial meetings of the India, and have begun home missions National Council, the Board meetamong their countrymen. ing by itself on the alternate years. All matters of large importance will The election of a new president be deferred to the meeting held in of the Board was an event of un- conjunction with the Council. usual interest and importance. Professor Edward C. Moore, D.D., of Missionaries to Mexico were pres- Harvard University, a -man intimate ent at the meeting and were going with all the details of American directly from Detroit to resume their Board administration, who has served work in Mexico. All were enthusiastic over the new plan of union new plan is the carrying out of the in Mexico whereby the field is divided principle of cooperation which has among the denominations, each to already been tried in some of the be responsible for the Christian work stations. It is hoped that this will in certain sections of that country. prove the way to develop devoted, The American Board's district in- strong, aggressive Chinese leadership cludes the states of Chihuahua, suited to the new day in China."

Sonora, Sinaloa down to the river The Chinese are reported to be en- and lower California. This is a thusiastic over the new plan, and larger territory than the Board has hopes are high that many minor diffi- covered before and includes that part culties and frictions will be solved in of the Mexican population which has this way.

heretofore shown itself most demo- Five Centuries in Turkey cratic and progressive. On the other hand, most of the revolutions in About forty missionaries of the Mexico have originated in this dis- Board, old and new, were present at trict. The new plan will require a this meeting, but none received more larger force of mISSIOnaries and attention and applause than the five perhaps the surrender of one or Turkish veterans, Rev. C. C. Tracy, more of our leaders to labor in some D.D., Rev. Geo. F. Herrick, D.D., of the union institutions. Whatever Dr. Geo. C. Raynolds, Rev. Joseph the sacrifice may be, the Board is H. Greene, D.D., and Rev. Henry T.

enthusiastic over the movement be- Perry, D.D. These five men and cause it means the ending of an their wives represent four hundred denominational rivalry in Mexico. and ninety years of continuous ser- Another significant movement re- vice in Turkey. Following the vet- ported at Detroit was the action erans came the recruits, young men taken in northern China, June 28, who were designated for Albania, 1914, when "the mission and the India, Africa, and China, who told Chinese associates of the American why they proposed to be mission- Board formed what we trust will be- aries. The impression made by the come the forerunner of a great na- veterans and the recruits was one of tional Congregational Church of the deepest of the entire meeting.

China, for it marked the formation China's greetings were given by of the Congregational Union of F. C. Liu of Taiku, a Christian of Shansi, Shantung, and Chihli, where- the third generation, whose grand- in Chinese are given equal rights father and mother were killed by and placed upon equal terms with the Boxers. Among the represen- the missionaries in the administra- tatives from India was Rev. Henry tive work of the American Board Fairbank of Ahmednagar, who told mission. All the main mission ad- of the growing industrial work in the ministration is in the hands of com- Marathi Mission. He was born in bined bodies of Chinese and mis- India, the son of Rev. S. B. Fair- sionaries who prepare the estimates, bank, also a representative of the locate the missionaries and carryon American Board in this same mis- the general administrative work. The sion.

About the War

Foreign Missions IiAJs the world-wide war Their world's convention·, which was ~ progresses and other to be held in Australia next year has lands become involved been postponed. in the deadly conflict the missionary' situa- "Over 200,000 of the Young Men's tion becomes even Association members are in the varimore acute. The crisis is leading ous armies of Europe," said Dr. John many to more earnest prayer-not R. Mott. "Nearly every secretary of for God's favor to armies but for the Association in Europe is under God's guidance that HiS people may arms. The first secretary of the know His program and His will for World's Alliance, Y.M.C.A., Lt.,- them. The large number of soldiers Col. Charles Formaud, has been called in recruiting camps, on the battle- to the command of his regiment on fields and in hospitals, and the dis- the Swiss frontier.· While the secretressing plight 6f the Belgians, also tary of the Paris Association is at offer an opportunity for Christian the front, his wife is acting in his service and the distribution of Bibles. place, and the Paris Association building is transformed into a hos- That our readers may keep them- pital under the charge of Count de selves informed as to the influence Potirtales, who is not only president of the war on missions and the prob- of the French National Committee, lems and ministries that are resulting but of the National· French Red from it, we quote from recent letters Cross Society. The president' of the from missionary societies and their W orId's Alliance, Paul de Gouttes, workers. The stirring. events that LL.D., is serving in a private's uniare so absorbing the attention of the form in the Swiss Army. public should be used to turn men's thoughts to the greater conflict The Young Men's Christian Asagainst the kingdom of evil and to sociation at Geneva has three secrethe campaign for righteousness, truth taries, and at the outbreak of the and love that is being carried on by war one of these was called to the the followers of Christ Jesus in every Swiss colors; om! to the German, and land under the sun. one to the French, with .the' result that the association was left without Interruption of Chri.tian Cooperation workers.

One of the most serious spiritual Sunday-school· workers have been effects of the war is the dismember- closely united all over the world and ment of many international Christian met last year at Zurich. In· 1916 organizations. The Christian Endeav- they planned to have a convention in orers of different lands have ·been Japan, but to-day many of· their obliged to break off friendly corres- members are under arms and· under pondence and to become enemies. oath to kill one another.

That great international body, the

EDWARD CA LDWELL 'MOORE, D.D

The new President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ( succeeding the late Samuel R. Capen) is a native of Vest Chester, Pa.• and was graduated from 1VIarietta College,' Ohio, ill 1877. and Union Seminary, N.Y., in 1884. Then for two years he studied at the liniversities of Berlin, Gottingen, and 'Glessen, a nd afterward held Presby terian vasto rates in ,Yonkers, N. Y., and Providence, ,R. 1. Since 1901 he has been Parkman Professor of Theology at Harvard University. Dr. Moore has been for fourteen years a member of t he Prudential Committee of the Board, and for several years has acted as Chail"man. He has twice visited the mission fields. once as chairnian of a deputatio n to China . His monograph on "Th e Naturalization of Christianity in the Far East." is a classic on the subject. This year Professor Moore.:is ··te~chil).g a special class of Chinese students in his home in Ca1Ubridge, Massachusetts. A '–.– R From the Literary Diccs# TURKISH AND OTHER MOSLEM TERRITORY NOW INVOLVED IN THE WORLD WAR Prot~stant Missionary Stations are located in most of the towns shown in Turkey L!.nd Egypt. There i s little dan ger of a Turkish invasion of Egypt, since two hundred miles of desert lie between the Palestinian border and the Suez Canal. The great dangers are from soldiers and outlaws in Palestine~ Syria and Armenia.

ABOUT THE WAR AND FOREIGN

Salvation Anny, is facing the most The deadly effect of the war on severe crisis of its existence. More student work in Europe can be imag- than 10,000 members of the organiza- ined when we realize that it puts an tionare said to be actually fighting end for some time to such confer- in the ranks. In all the fighting ences as that held last summer in countries, except England, its actual Austrian Silesia. At that time rep- existence as a working factor is said resentatives of some fourteen nations to have ceased. In America much of were gathered in harmony at the the work planned by the Army to feet of Christ-Gennans, Tschechs, meet problems that it is asked to Poles, Magyars, Croats, Bulgarians, solve must be abandoned. The Sal- Rumanians, Russians, Dutch, French, vation Anny in America is without Swiss, English and Americans. Now reserve funds, and its gifts from the . political intrigue and national selfish- rich have always been small, and ness has brought discord.

churches give little. Most of the In France it is said that 280 of the money of the Army is earned in in- 450 pastors of the National Union dustrial plants, but these have been of Reformed Churches were liable almost put out of business. to service when the war broke out.

The Continuation Committee of the This leaves, therefore, hali the Edinburgh Missionary Conference is churches of Protestant France, for split into British, Gennan and French the time being, pastorless.

factions, and only God by His love Even in neutral lands the deadly and power can weld them together conflict has a spiritual as well as a again. material effect. Dr. Walling Clark, for twenty-five years a Methodist Even Missionaries are Fighting missionary in Italy, reports that in Mi.sionaries spite of Italy's neutrality, commercial "What a mockery is war," writes and industrial activities throughout Bishop N uelson, of the American the land are paralyzed. Factories Methodist Church, "that the Gennan are closed and printing-houses have Roesch and the Frenchman, Campy, reduced their corps of workmen by two Methodist missionaries, laboring one-half. This means that vastnum- for awhile shoulder to shoulder in bers of laborers have been turned out our North African Mission at Al- of employment. Multitudes of Ital- giers, preaching the Gospel of Christ ians have also returned to their to the Moslems, should be compelled native· land from the countries at as officers in hostile armies to lead war, and they are absolutely without their companies against one another." means of support. Dr. Clark con- Dr. Friedrich Roesch was a gradu- tinues: .

ate of the University of Heidelberg "It is significant that the people in and a Methodist missionary in Al- Italy· are flocking to the churches giers. He was fatally wounded in . everywhere – both Protestant and the battle of Verdun, September roth. Roman Catholic. Even men of· high Dr. Roesch was one of the best social· and government positions are Arabic scholars of North Africa and turning their attention to spiritual he put his learning to the Master's use. things, and a wave of religious faith

is sweeping over all the people. no more devoted and self-sacrificing After the war is ended, I believe that missionaries in the world than those one result of the conflict will be the who hail from the Fatherland,"

moral and spiritual transformation Concerning the effect of the war in of the entire continent." German Colonies the Basel Mission As to the' effect of the war on the reports to its friends in a circular Russian Empire Mrs. Bertha A. Pan- letter: "The first effect of the war cake writes through the Methodist in Germany, and the mobilization in Board of Foreign Missions that Switzerland, was the emptying of our words fail to describe the depressing mission house. Nearly all the breth- effect upon everyone, A large num- ren, as far as they were of German ber of Methodist preachers have been or Swiss nationality, were called to called to the colors. Some foreign- arms, including the brethren who ers, loyal to Russia, and who had were ordained for the foreign field lived for many years in Petrograd, at the last mission feast, When the were obliged to leave their families youngest were called out with the and go into exile because they had Landsturm, only eight or ten were neglected to take out papers of left of the 12I mission students.

citizenship. "Another effect of the war is the The Diatreas of German Missions interruption of intercourse with our mission fields. No one can be sent All the missionary work done out or brought back, tho many misunder German influence is seriously sionaries are greatly in need of rest. crippled. A large proportion of Correspondence is greatly hindered. these German missions are situated This is the more serious, as our within the limits of the British Em- brethren have to suffer directly or pire. In the East and the West an indirectly from war conditions. Togo urgent appeal is made to the English already has been torn for the present public to support German mission- from the German Empire and a ary work. "No matter how hardly similar fate is threatened Kamerun.

we are prest to maintain our own It is very uncertain what conquering missions we can not allow fratricidal England or France will do with our war which is raging among Chris- mIssIonaries. • The position is also tians at home to bri~g about the uncertain in the English colonie,;.

starvation of Christian missionaries Even if our missionaries should not or the interruption of their work be expelled they will be put under abroad. Any help which we can severe control. Money can not be give to those who are nominally our gotten to them at all. A third effect enemies, but who are our fellow is financial. Present business con- workers in Christ in the mission field, ditions make it very hard for the will afford a convincing proof both mission 1.0 meet all the expenses."

to them and to their. converts that The Neuendettelsau Mission is Christian love is a more potent force greatly hindered because of money than the antipathies and prejudices depression. The work is beginning which are begotten of a one-sided to prosper in a spiritual way, especi- and imperfect patriotism. There are ally in New Guinea, after a long

ABOUT THE WAR AND FOREIGN

time of waiting. During the year aggregate saving of upward of 10 1913, four hundred Papuans were per cent. in salaries. Economies have baptized, and there are more than also been carried out in the Mission 4,000 Christians. House.

Letters from British Societies "From the financial point of view the society has much to be thankful Thus far we have been unable to for. Its income to the end of Sep- obtain direct replies to our letters tember was nearly £2,000 higher asking for information from German than to the corresponding date last and French societies, but the British year. The financial position is much workers seem to be hopeful and con- stronger than last year owing to the fident that Christians will rally to fact that some £80,000 have been re- the support of the work. Dr. F. ceived toward a special fund which W. Hawkins, the London Missionary has been applied in paying off arcu- Society secretary, writes: "When the mulated deficiencies.

war broke out the society had booked "In Central Africa it has been passages for between 30 and 40 mis- necessary to move all the ladies and sionaries or members of their fami- children from the neighborhood of lies to China, India, or Africa. Most the frontier of German East Africa.

of them were via Siberia or by North The missionaries have remained at German Lloyd boats. These routes their posts, and it seems clear from became automatically closed by the cablegrams received that at least one outbreak of war. Other passages of the society's stations has bee:l were booked by the P. & O. and the visited by German troops.

Union Castle Line, but the boats by "In South Africa the stoppage of which the passages were booked were the diamond mines at Kimberley has taken over by the government for thrown many thousands of natives transport purposes, and it therefore out of employment, and they have became necessary to make entirely returned to their villages, where fresh arrangements for the return of many of them are idling away their missionaries to the field. Several time. The operations against Ger- have already gone out via America man West Africa have not up to or via Suez, and others have pro- the present immediately affected the ceeded to South Africa, but the stations of the society.

majority are still at home. "The capture of German Samoa by "The chief difficulty in the adminis- the New Zealand forces has brought tration of the Society's affairs at the the large staff of the missionaries of home end is the financial uncertainty the society at work in these islands with regard to the immediate future. under the British flag. Information Several missionaries have obtained has been received that they are all temporary employment in England, safe. The occupation of German so as to relieve the funds of the New Guinea by the Australasian society. With the same object in forces opens a new field of labor for view the secretaries of the sodety the society which has a strong mis- have voluntarily surrendered a por- sion along the south coast of that tion of their salaries, effecting an great island.

"In Madagascar the work of the people must be tested. It is un- Paris Society there will be greatly crippled by the shortage of supplies thinkable that there should be anyfrom France, but other missions are coming to the rescue. One effect of thing approaching a collapse. . . . the war it is hoped will be the establishment of better relations between With all the strength we possess we the French officials and the English missionaries which has been one of must take as our motto 'hold fast.' the most serious difficulties of missionary work during recent years. "We were greatly encouraged by "Briti~h societies are trying to help the income received during August, their brethren and other nationalities, including the Germans, in the difficult which is quite up to the average of situations in which they have been placed by the outbreak of war. There past years. are over 800 Gentian missionaries at work in British territory." "Our brethren at the front are For the Church of Scotland For- nobly and promptly responding to eign Mission Committee, W. M. M'Lachlan, Esq., the Secretary and our message asking them to cut Treasurer, writes:' "We have missions in India (Panjab, Himalayas, down their expenditure in every pos- Calcutta, Poona, Madras) ; in Africa (Nyassaland, Portuguese East Africa, sible way. In several of the so- British East Africa); in China (Ichang, Province of Hupeh). In ciety's missions the missionaries must none of these has the war had any appreciable effect. In Nyassaland be passing through a time of conand British East Africa, one or two of our missionaries who had pre- siderable anxiety, chiefly through a viously had military training have been called to defensive service, but lack of news, but we can thankfully at all stations the ordinary mission work seems to be proceeding as usual. report that there is no reason for "So far, we have not kept back fear as to their safety. Owing to any missionaries from sailing-either new missionaries or old missionaries the mobilization in the Ottoman Emreturning from furlough." pire and to the difficulties experi- Concerning the great work of the Church Missionary Society, the Rev. enced, an agent was sent to Palestine Cyril Bardsley (Honorary Secretary) made the following statement on to look after our missionaries' in- September 8th: "The faith, the courage, the powers of endurance, the terests and to render any special readiness for sacrifice of God's assistance that may be needed. Persia is largely isolated, all routes being closed except through India. In Ger- man East Africa the isolation of our brethren is complete and no com- munication with them is at present possible. .

"With few exceptions we look for- ward to all the missionaries and new recruits leaving for their missions during the next months."

Rev. C. E. Wilson, B.A., Foreign Secretary of the British Baptist Mis- sionary Society writes: "Our com- mittee have, under a solemn sense of God's leading, determined not to with- draw any workers or to withhold'

any missionaries from returning after furlough, or any of the newly ap- pointed candidates for the field.

Every kind of economy is being exer-

ABOUT THE WAR AND FOREIGN

cised. Many new schemes for cap- missionaries will do what they can ital outlay are being held over, and to give anylocal help that is possible."

the opening of one or two new sta- The Wesleyan Methodist Mission- tions has been deferred, the starting ary Society reports: "On the Home of. several new buildings has been side we believe that there has been, postponed. not a distraction of interest, but "So far as the direct influence of rather a quickening of it. Meetings the war upon our foreign work is are well attended and money is at concerned, we have work on the present coming in a little better than Continent in the North of France normally. If the war continues, as and in Italy. The missionaries re- at present seems .possible, for a long port a quickened interest and a more time it is next year rather than this ready hearing of the Gospel since that we shall begin to feel the strain the war broke out. One of our mis- of it. Meanwhile our policy is to sionaries in France is engaged in maintain our present activities all the Red Cross work. There has been world over in full efficiency, but to a little actual fighting between the be extremely cautious in the matte.

French and Germans on the Kongo, of extension."

and some of the wounded natives have been taken to our Mission Disorganization of Jewish Missions Hospital at Bolobo. The Japanese The war has entirely disorganized troops have occupied the station at the Jewish mission work of the which we have workers at Weihsien United Free Church of Scotland. in Shantung, but so far as I have Every station, both on the Continent information to-day there is no special and in Palestine, has been more or cause of anxiety about our mission less affected. It was extremely diffi-· work in Shantung. The Chinese are cult ·to maintain communication with not greatly disturbed. the missionaries, whether by letter or telegram, and practically impossible "On the whole we feel we have to transmit money. abundant cause for thanksgiving to God in this time of unprecedented The latest news from Budapest was' strain and trial on our people. that the school building was occupied We can not but sorrow at the fe:ll'- as a barracks by a thousand soldiers, ful necessity of this great and deadly but Mr. Webster hoped that it would conflict, and we pray for its speedy shortly be vacated, so that the work and righteous end." might begin again.

For the Society for the Propaga- The missionaries in Constantinople tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts and in Palestine have been advised Rev. Canon Robinson, D.D., sends by the authorities to return home.

word that none of their missions, as This shows the chaotic condition far as they know, have suffered in into which the work has been thrown consequence of the outbreak of war. by war. For the present at least the "I understand," he says, "that the Jewish mission may be said to have German missions in Chota Nagpur practically ceased.

are in great difficulties, as practically The Mildmay Mission to the Jews, all their missionaries have left. Our which has many stations in Russia,

reports great blessing, in spite of post-office, writing and reading tent, the unsettled state of the country. moving-picture show and Gospel ser- Three of the Mildmay missionaries vices. are being held in Germany and can not get away. Their mission at The work of distributing the Berlin had to be given up. Gospels among the British troops is going ahead speedily. Already The Director of the Barbican Mis- over 200,000 Gospels have been dission to the Jews, Rev. T. C. Lip- tributed with Lord Roberts' excellent shytz, was on a mission tour to Ger- preface, which he wrote specially for many when war was declared, and the Active Service Testaments and is not allowed to leave. Gospels. There is no doubt that there' is a spirit of solemnity over The Hebrew Christian Testimony the nqtion. to Israel, of which David Baron is superintendent, has also given up its "The work among the French and work in Germany, owing to the war. Belgian soldiers is also going br- Their work in Russia will continue, ward," writes Francis C. Brading, of but the mission tours have had to be the Scripture Gift Society, "and we given up. The missionaries in Lon- have received encouraging letters don have to work almost day and from thoo,e who are distributing. night to deal with the Jews who have We have been able to place a Gospel been flocking into that city since the in the hands of many of the German war began. There is a wonderful prisoners through the kindness of spirit of enquiry and a readiness to those in authority, and we are now accept Christ, such as they never sending the Word of Comfort to our have seen before. soldiers who have been wounded in the fight." All·missions to the Jews have their hands full, as refugees are coming General Bramwell Booth has arin from many lands. Many mission- ranged for the organization of the ary societies in England are dismiss- Salvation Army to be placed at the ing their missionaries, not because disposal of the Cabinet Committee they are not anxious to keep them, of the Prince of Wales' Fund, but for lack of funds. The situation officers and soldiers working in every is acute, and needs the prayers and instance under the direction of the sympathies of those Christian peoples local committees in the various who are not yet affected by this war. boroughs, villages, and urban dis- tricts. Christian Work Among Soldiers Only God can tell the duration and At the great camp at Valcartier in the results of this war, but surely it Canada, the Y.M.C.A. is conducting is time for Christians to look well to an evangelistic campaign with excel- their spiritual armor, to use well their lent results. Night after night, thou- resources, to see to it that none may sands of men gather to listen to the have cause to doubt their right to preaching of the Gospel and many the name Christian; and to pray are converted to Christ. The without ceasing that all men may Y.M.C.A. have a staff of thirty-five speedily be lead into harmony with workers who conduct the dining tent, the will of God.

Changes In China*

BY GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY International Student Christian Secretary for Asia E are in the old Buddhist Beside the fallen idols in a little shrine is a live Bible class of modern Chinese mW temple of Wofosu, near scientific students, studying the social Peking, a Buddhist mon- rejuvenation of ancient China through astery transformed into Christianity. The distant sound of the the Northfield Student gong from the old Buddhist priests at' Conference for North their' worship mingles with the notes of China. The change is a Christian hymn from a meeting in a typical of the transformation extending neighboring cloister. Truly, "the old over the whole land. In this Buddhist order changeth, giving place to the new." Temple, where the sage of India is still worshiped by the droning Buddhist As I look over the students and workmonks, who feebly perform the rites of ers gathered here this year, many facts a worship from which the life has long strike me as new. They are men won departed, but no worshiper comes to bow for Christ last year. A military adviser before the images of the "Buddha in to President Yuan was leader of a Bible Meditation," the "Laughing Buddha," class. When he was a Chinese military the "Sleeping Buddha," and the other student in Japan he was not allowed to dust-covered idols which are falling to attend Christian meetings, but when he decay. On one side of the temple are was in the Mission hospital last year the the buildings of the former Buddhist doctor gave him a Bible and the words monastery, with places for the two hun- of Jesus Christ changed his life. After dred Buddhist monks, who sought re- struggling with his doubts for some time lease from life through renunciation. he was so imprest by the character of These are now filled with two hundred Jesus, His life, His death, and His wide-awake Chinese students, who are power, that he publicly accepted Him seeking, not escape from life, but en- and was baptized. In Confucius he had ' trance into life abundant for the saving found a sage, in Christ a Savior. Conof China. Down the other side of the fucius had given him precepts, Christ temple are ranged the courts of the old gave him power. The former had urged Emperor's palace, housing the foreign morality, Christ gave life. His one workers who received their first inspira- thought now is how to spread the knowltion from the student conferences of edge of Christ among the 400,000 troops Northfield and Geneva. In the pavilion in China. where the Emperor's dragon flag once hung, is the rainbow flag of the Re- Another new convert was for a long public, where the students are gathered time secretary and is now legal adviser for their platform meeting. On the to the President. He was an ardent distant hills are ranged the tall pagodas student of Confucius, with a sense of of deserted Buddhist monasteries, and God as a far-off Creator, when he went the watch-towers of the fallen Manchu to Japan to study. On his return to dynasty, while nearer at hand the moving- China he became private secretary to picture man from America is photograph- Yuan Shi Kai, who was then Viceroy of ing the student conference in action. the empire province of Chihli. By un- swerving honesty, hard work, and ability *Frorn The North American Student. he helped to reform the local govern-

ment of the province. When Yuan came said to himself: "Why should I alone be to Peking to reform the organization of miserable? I dare not enter the capital the Manchu dynasty, Mr, Chiu came with this great question unsettled; I with him as secretary. It fell to his lot must leave alI and folIow Christ." For to for'm the new provincial parliament ten days he tarried in Tientsin with his of the province of Chihli, to supervise the elections, etc. He also helped to form the first Manchu Senate, and be- came chief secretary of that body. After ten years' of hard work, failing health compelIed him to retire to Shanghai.

He was discouraged and deprest over the corruption of the falling dynasty, and the hopeless outlook for his country, so that he was almost driven to despair.

It was then that the great educator, and a newly baptized Christian, Chang Po Ling, said to him: "Christ is the only hope for China. Christianity can give the basis which China needs. Study the Bible, and you will find a new 'source of power there."

For a year Mr. Chiu studied the Bible as a last hope. Before, he had dimly '

conceived of a distant Creator, but now through Christ he found the Heavenly Father. Still he conceived of Jesus as only a man; For a second year he studied and reviewed the entire New Testament. When invited to return to the service of the President he replied that he could not return to politics when the more important question of religion MR. CHIU (ON LEFT), LEGAL ADVJSu. TO PUSIDENT remained unsettled in hiS' life. He could YUANSHI KAt, AND GENERAL CHANG, MILITARY ADVISER TO THE P.:RBSIDENr find no heart for work when he had no friend, .Chang Po Ling. Here he was message for his people. But during this prepared for baptism and joined the year he found Christ as Lord and Sa- . Chinese Church and was baptized on vior, and from Him learned the message April 5, 1914. Immediately he visited all and power of service. his friends in Tientsin and witnessed to He came out of retirement and then everyone of Christ. From here he went .

he started for Peking to enter the gov- to the capital on the 8th of April and ernment service, but on his voyage north, the next day called upon the President.

he was in great distress of mind, feeling The first thing he told him was, "I have that he ought to come out and publicly become a Christian." The PreS'ident confess Christ. His family would not replied that he had no objection, for consent, pointing out that he would lose there was perfect liberty of conscience position and prestige. One day during in China. He appointed him one of his his voyage, in deep anguish of mind, he legal advisers in the State Department.

came out on deck to find the sun shining To-day this man is witnessing to those and all nature seeming to rejoice. He "of Cresar'shousehold" in the capital.

DEPADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK THE MID-WEEK MISSIONARY MEETING OF THE CHURCH IDi. URING the greater part that of the 985 churches that formed its ~ ?f the nineteenth century constituency only 136 did not observe It was a very general the monthly concert of prayer. But be- custom in churches of all fore very long this custom gradually be- denominations to observe gan to decline. "What shall be done :s what was known as the with the monthly concert?" asked the "monthly concert of prayer for foreign Rev. James Carter, in THE MISSIONARY missions." One evening each month REVIEW in August, 1892. "This is an oft-repeated question. In many churches (the first Sunday or Monday in the be- the mere announcement of the monthly ginning, later, the first mid-week meet- concert is sufficient to reduce the mid- ing) was sacredly set apart for prayer week meeting to a chosen few." for the conversion of the world. Mr. Carter's own solution was the oc- In the issue of The Panoplist (fore- casional use of the magic-lantern then runner of The Missionary Herald) for coming into use as a means of religious January, 1815, there was printed an ap- education in the churches. Other pas- peal for the general observance of such tors have sought other means of enstated seasons of prayer. The custom livening the old-time concert, and some had already been widely adopted by the have substituted missionary meetings churches of Europe, and, to some extent, along some other line. But nothing by missionaries in Asia and Africa. A seems to take its place. "For the seven- few churches in the United States were teen years of my pastorate," says Doctor also observing it, and within three years A. W. Halsey, secretary of the Presbyafter the appeal in The Panoplist hun- terian Board of Foreign Missions, "I dreds of churches took up the practise proved the value of the monthly concert with the most beneficient results. "It of prayer, and now in the service of the was one of the most auspicious move- Board, having seen all sorts of schemes, ments of modern times," says Doctor I do not think, if rightly conducted, there Augustus C. Thompson, in "Protestant is anything better." Missions." "No department of human agency in the Messianic kingdom is more In the old days, whenever it was important than faith manifesting itself in faithfully observed, this service was united supplication for the greatest of all largely attended, and was a source of objects." blessing, both at home and abroad. The records show that many a spiritual re- For more than half a century the vival in America started with the monthmonthly concert continued to be a regu- ly concert, and what it accomplished on lar institution in a large majority of the mission field is greater than can be churches. In the annual report of the estimated. It is doubtful whether the American Board for 18&} it was stated

wonderful progress of the nineteenth in "Fifty-three Years in Syria," is century could have been achieved ~ith- worthy of special attention. ouCit. "I have often thought of the monthly The missionary concert of prayer concert as the great link between the should be revived in the church, es- Christian Church and a perishing pecially at this time when war is playing world," he says. "One hour a month havoc with the missionary enterprises, is certainly little enough to devote to and Christians everywhere are being prayer and information about the hunurged to pray. dreds of foreign missionaries in various empires and nations, engaged in preach- Wanted-A Name ing, teaching, writing and translating books, editing journals, visiting the The monthly concert should be revived, people, traveling by land and sea, trainbut, in the opinion of many, it should ing a native ministry, overseeing the have a new name. In its abbreviated native churches, planning new modes form it is incorrect, and many have no of reaching blinded and hostile popuidea what the name implies. Some have lations, conducting Sunday-schools, Bible thought it a musical affair of some sort classes, and having under their influence given monthly in the church! more or less directly, thousands of chil- dren and youth, and hundreds of thou- Let us, then, have a new name. The sands of heathen, Mohammedans' and Best Methods Editor will be glad to re- nominal Christians; with seminaries, ceive suggestions on this point, together schools, colleges, hospitals, printingwith plans and testimonies from pastors presses, and type foundries, to say or others who have had successful ex- nothing of that most responsible and perience in conducting meetings of thi. difficult of all works, the translation of kind. the Word of God into the languages of millions of our race. One Hour a Month The old-time monthly missionary "On the foreign field are combined all concert of prayer was the means of win- the Boards of our Church-Home Misning many a young man and woman to sion, Foreign Mission, Publication, Susthe foreign field. Among these there tentation, Church Erection, Church Exwas none greater than Doctor Henry tension, and Education, Primary, Col- H. Jessup, who gave fifty-three years of legiate and Theological. There are his own life to Syria, and won Doctor hundreds of native churches whose James S. Dennis to the work. pastors, teachers and members need the It was while conducting the monthly sympathy and prayers of the whole concert in his old home church at Mont- Church. Your missionaries are a mere rose, Pa., in the summer of 1852, that handful thrown out into the frontier the idea of being a foreign missionary line of the Lord's host among organized first came to him. He had given the and mighty foes. The great source, the missionary news, and was appealing to only source, of their strength and suc- cess is in the sustaining hand of the the people "to support the work or go Lord himself in answer to the prayers in person to do it," when he suddenly of the Lord's people. realized the incongruity of asking others to do what he was not willing to do him- "The thoughts and hearts and symself. Less than a year 'later he definitely pathieS' of the churches at home are offered himself for missionary service. naturally and inevitably taken up through the month with interests that To the end of his life he regarded the are near and visible and pressing. The monthly concert as one of the most important meetings of the Church. His plea for the observance of it, as given

OF BEST METHODS

home work and all its branches must faithfully observed in a majority of the and ever will be linked to the very churches, there were many and striking heart and life of the Church, and all answers to the united prayers of God's through the month it must and will be people. Neither space nor time proved remembered in earnest prayer. But let barriers to intercession. Petitions pre- the Church give one sacred hour in sented in Massachusetts were immedithe month, twelve hours in the year, ately answered in Persia. By comto the work they are doing among the paring dates it was found that in many kingdoms of darkness. Let all mis- instances revivals on the mission field sionaries and mission churches be as- began on the very date of the monthly sured that this one hour is the hour concert at home. While the church in of contact between them and the great America was assembled for prayer in heart of the Church; that they and behalf of some special field in the uttertheir colaborers, the churches and most part of the earth, the showers of pastors, the schools and seminaries, the blessing began to descend. translators and physicians, the editors and itinerants, the colporteurs and In these days we seldom hear of such teachers, the persecuted and the suffer- striking coincidences as these-perhaps ing, the inquiring and the awakened, because we do not expect them-yet as well as the great perishing myriads they are by no means things of the of the ignorant, superstitious and fan- past. This is shown by the following atical, are being thought of, prayed for, experience of Doctor John R. Mott wrestled for, and borne up on the arms told at the Student Volunteer Convenof faith before the interceding Savior, tion at Kansas City. It occurred in the faithful Promiser, who is the Head China during his recent world tour, over all things to the Church! when he waS' working almost beyond his powers of endurance. "The thought that the Church at home is praying is a tower of strength "Those were full days in Canton," to the missionary in distant lands. he said. "We had Continuation Com- Whatever else is neglected let not the mittee conferences by day and cam- Church forget to pray; and what time paigns with the students at night with more fit and more hallowed than the two or three addresses every night monthly concert, when those at home given through an interpreter. From and their brethren and sisters abroad there I went north to the province of bend around one common mercy-seat." Confucius, the 'sage of ten thousand generations,' as the Chinese designate Profit in Prayer him. I visited his tomb and then went on to Tsinan-fu, the capital of the "What profit should we have, if we Shantung Province. pray unto him?" This old question asked by the wicked in the time of Job, "The Governor heard of our coming is being repeated by many in the Church and said, 'We must let them use this to-day. Of what use are days of prayer parliament building,' which we did. It for missions, or monthly meetings for was as if one of. our State capitols concerted prayer? Are they worth the should be turned over for use. There time and effort that they take? If we had afternoon addresses and when Christians could be persuaded that they the last afternoon came-it was on a really pay, perhaps they _might be more Sunday-it was at the end of a terrible willing to take part in them. strain, and my interpreter was not up to the mark that day. For some reason In the old days when the monthly we did not have many sympathetic concert of prayer for missions was friends around us. No Christian

Student Association had been formed Hence to feed the fires of intercession, there. A wonderful piece of mis- information must be supplied. In the sion work had been established, but Prayer Watch, the never-ceasing mis.- that was outside of the city wall. I sionary meeting of the Moravian was not sure that it was an environment Church, at Herrnhut, when "twenty-four in which I was looking into Christian brethren and twenty-four sisters en- faces. Yet that was one of the most gaged each to spend an hour as fixt for wonderful meetings of all-a meeting them by lot, in their own rooms, to in which more than 500 decided that bring before God all the needs and they wanted to learn about Christianity. interests of those around them," their custom was "to meet once a week, when "I went back to my room exhausted. all news that had be~n received from That night the reason for this unex- far and near, concerning the needs of pected number of inquirers suddenly persons, congregations or nations, was occurred to me. It was the universal communicated, to stir them to praise day of prayer for students. It must for answers given or lead to more surprize some of you that I, the general hearty and definite prayer." secretary of the Students' Movement, had forgotten it. But that explained The pastor of a church of ISO memthe whole matter. 'The chariots of bers in Pennsylvania whose contribu- Israel and the horsemen thereof!' Stu- tions for the last six years have averdents in forty nations had been in aged $25 a year for congregational exprayer that day for the students of the penses and $69 for missions from each world. It is an easy matter for an member, accounts for it on the ground, omnipresent and omnipotent God to "not of any personal solicitation, but bring to bear a mighty force, to supple- simply by the presentation of the opporment all human limitations and to work tunity at all services. more or less, and ·with converting power." by letters from the different parts of the field at every mid-week service." TWO ESSENTIALS-INTERCESSION AND INFORMATION· Information should be supplied at the monthly missionary meeting in two ways BY DAVID M'CONAUGHY, NEW YORK, N. Y. -extensively and intensively. The first Assistant Secretary, Presbyterian Board of of these ways is best afforded by a Foreign MisSlOns swift survey. This divides the whole outlook into sections, puts a man, with In many churches the mid-week a· field-glass on the watch-tower· and prayer-meeting is given a distinctively obliges him to sweep his part of the missionary character once. each montH. horizon for the biggest, most vital fact Whenever held this meeting should in- which he can report to the missionary clude two essential elements, viz., Inter- meeting in a minute or at the most two cession and information-information minutes. A-is assigned to home misfurnished for the specific purpose of sion field; B-Latin America; C-Japancalling forth and directing intercession. Korea; D-China; E-India and ad- jacent territory; F-the Moslem world, The primary object of such a mission- and G-Africa. Thus the whole world ary concert is prayer. But like many is cov;red. What current event is there another prayer-meeting, it has in too that affects the coming of the kingdom? many instances gone to seed from lack Report it, concisely, vividly, not your of point. In order to be intelligent, in- opinion about it, but just the fact. No tercession. must proceed on information. speech is wanted; no speakers are Otherwise it lacks objective, becomes wanted ·for this part-only reporters. subjective, then stereotyped, then ceases altogether.

··Condi!llsed from The Assembly He,.aU;

OF BEST METHODS 93S

If you run over two minutes, the chair- able sums of money came into the man will rise as the silent signal that treasury, both directly and indirectly, your time is up. from this source. At the famous mis- sionary concert held in the old Park Such a survey should start a stream Street Church, Boston, for fully a of definite intercession. Some of the third of a century, the collection formed facts reported will call forth thanks- a part of the program each month. No giving, some will suggest confession. special emphasis was placed upon giving, Let the leader suggest beforehand that yet in twenty-four yea,rs the contribu- those taking part in prayer confine tions aggregated more than $52,500, themselves to a single point and be about $2,200 a year! brief. Better if this part of the hour be occupied by those who are not taking A church in a well-known community other part. This should be the burning recently made a discovery along this heart of the whole meeting. Within line that is well worth considering. ten minutes, a dozen or more different The pastor faithfully endeavored to persons should lead in prayer. keep up the monthly concert of prayer, taking a collection as in the Then for the second half of the hour days gone by. No special appeals were the main topic should have right of made for money but a special object way. Here there will be opportunity for the gifts was designated each month for information of a more intensive and opportunity to contribute was and thoroughgoing sort. It will be afforded by the passing of the plates for desirable to provide for a series of the offering. No one gave very much topics which may extend through an and no one felt it a burden. entire season or at any rate for several months. Such a series is suggested, for By and by a new pastor came and example, by "The W orld Work in the the collection was discontinued, not Presbyterian Church," the chapters of because the new man did not believe in the text-book with this title being taken it, but because he had not been accusup by one in some attractive manner. tomed to it, and no one else thought much about it. Btlt at the end of the The few minutes at the close of the year it was found that the benevolent hour should be reserved for prayer with funds had run short. When the matter 'reference to the intensive information was carefully gone over in order to find which has been furnished under the the leak, it was discovered that the mid- "main topic." week offerings at the monthly concert had averaged $100 a year. Needless to Such a meeting, conducted on co- say that it was voted to restore them at operative lines, with responsibility dis- once. tributed and with many participating, would soon prove one of the live wires A COOPERATIVE PLAN FOR in all the life of the Church. There PASTORS would be no trouble about attendance. Such missionary meetings are steadily BY REV. EDWARD WAITE MILLER, D.D., NEW multiplying in Presbyterian churches and should be held in every church. YORK, N. Y. Home Secretary, Board of For~ign Missions, Concerning the Collection Reformed Church in America The raising of money was never regarded as a special function of the There was doubtless a time when the missionary concert, prayer and the "Monthly Concert of Prayer for Misdissemination of information being its sions" deserved its name. But in most pdmary objects. Nevertheless consider- of the churches in which it still exists, it has ceased to be a meeting for con- certed prayer and has not yet developed

into anything that promises to be per- Heroes of the Faith manently satisfactory. The series of monthly missionary meetings here des- A Series of Lectures on cribed was adopted as offering at least MODERN APOSTLES a change from what had come to be to many a wearisome and futile effort. of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH In the summer of 19II, while pastor of the Sixth Reformed Church of To be delivered in the Albany, New York, the writer suggested SIXTH REFORMED CHURCH to a few of his clerical friends that the missionary service which, according to On Friday evenings custom, was held in the Albany churches According to the folJowing schedule: on the third week-night meeting of each month, might be improved by providing 1911 for it a series of addresses on "Modern October 20-David Livingstone. Rev. J.

V, Moldenhawer. November 17-Henry H. Jessup. Rev.

Charles G. Sewall. December IS-William Carey. Rev.

Charles F. Shaw.

Missionary Heroes." His suggestions 1912 met with instant approval. Nine of his colleagues at once indicated their desire January 19-Robert Morrison. Rev. J. to cooperate in such a plan, and requested him to prepare a list of subjects and a WalJace Young. schedule for ten months beginning with February 16-Adoniram Judson. Rev. the coming October. The matter was duly advertised both in pulpit and press, Alexander Abbott. and a schedule of subjects and speakers March IS-John Eliot, Rev. William H. was' printed for each church and widely distributed. Each speaker was assigned Hopkins, D.D. his subject (he was allowed to choose April 19-John G. Paton. Rev. E. R.

James. May 17-Jacob ChamberIajn. Rev. J.

Addison Jones, D.D. June 21-Guido Verbeck. Rev. James S. Kittell, D.D.

July 5–Cyrus Hamlin. Rev. Edward W. Miller, D.D.

his own, if he preferred) sufficiently long in advance to give him plenty of own people. The addresses were given time for preparation. W hen the at the usual time of the week-night churches opened in the autumn each had prayer-meeting in the regular prayer- his lecture ready. meeting room and the service was limited As a result of this arrangement there to the usual hour. In some cases the were delivered in ten churches ten care- pastor, being necessarily absent, arranged fully prepared addresses upon ten great for some member of his congregation leaders in the modern missionary 'enter- to preside at the meeting and conduct prise. These addresses were limited to the devotional exercises; in others the 4S minutes in length and were given visiting minister conducted the entire from manuscript or not as the speaker service.

preferred. In sume cases maps and In nearly all the churches there was a charts were made to illustrate the ad- decided increase in attendance at these dress. Inasmuch as his address was to missionary meetings, and the people be delivered before ten different audi- began to look forward to them. The ences and in a kind of friendly competi- prospect of hearing a new voice and the tion with nine other speakers, each was assurance that a carefully prepared ad- stimulated to do his very best. dress upon an important person would In accordance with the arrangement he given, made the meeting seem worth adopted, each pastor, after rotation in while to many to whom the ordinary nine other churches, finally delivered his missionary meeting made no appeal. The address, improved by repetition, to his pastors, too, seemed to enjoy the change

OF BEST METHODS

and the opportunity to meet the faithful general verdict, at the close of the eight members of other congregations. The months was that the course had been fact that one discourse served for ten well worth while. The topics were as occasions was also a consideration not follows: to be overlooked. When one of the pastors was asked whether he would join 1. The Beginnings of Christian Missions. the movement, he replied with enthu- 2. The Conversion of the Roman Emsiasm, "Indeed I will. It is a fine labor- pire. . saving device." 3. The Evangelization of our Pagan An- The success of the first year encour- cestors. aged a repetition and expansion of the 4. Catholic and Colonial Missions at the plan. Other ministers exprest a desire Beginning of the Modern Era. to bring their churches into the move- 5. The Origin of the Present Movement ment, and the number rose to sixteen. for World-Evangelization. As it was the custom in some of the 6. Modern Missionary Methods of Evan- gelization. 7. Modern Educational Missions. 8. Modern Medical Missions.

churches to suspend the week-night ser- Among . the sixteen churches that vices during two of the summer months adopted this plan for systematic instrucit was found that eight monthly mission- tion in missions the following denomiary meetings would suit them better than ten. It was, therefore, decided to form nations were represented i Baptist, Contwo circles of eight churches each. Each circle was to have a separate schedule, gregational, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbybut the same topics and program. terian and Reformed. The visit of so many pastors to other churches helped As has been said, the subjects of the along the growth of sentiment in favor addresses for the first year were all bio- of Church Federation which came later. graphical. The great missionary heroes On the assumption that the average atwhose life stories were told represented tendance at the meeting was no more different denominations, different fields than 25, at least 400 people during that and different phases of missionary ser- year heard eight addresses on the Hisvice. They thus had afforded an in- tory and Method of Missions. This teresting mode of approach to the study would seem to be well worth the effort. of missions. But the second year, for the sake of variety, it was decided to The fine fellowship that exists among present the matter from an entirely the Protestant ministers of Albany has different point of view. In order to made possible this and other efforts de relate missions to the perpetuation and pendent upon interdenominational coexpansion of Christianity five of the operation. During the two years these eight addresses were planned on the his- monthly missionary meetings were in tory of missions and three on modern progress, the same ministers who comethods of missionary work. As there operated to make them such a success, were two circles, two pastors were as- gave on week-nights in a centrally signed to each topic. located audience room, eight series of lectures on "The Bible and Religion"- It was not expected that this course sixty-six in all. Such team work is poswould prove as popular as the first one, sible only where the ministers of a· comtho it was believed its educational value munity are in 5ympathy with one anwould not be less. The addresses were other and enjoy working together.

difficult to prepare and the subjects Mission Study at the Mid-Week lacked the personal appeal inherent in Meeting biography. Nevertheless the interest In some churches the problem of mis- and attendance were well sustained. The sions at the mid-week meeting has been

solved by turning the entire gathering Those who were willing to make into a study class for a period of six to special preparation with the aid of the eight consecutive weeks with a popular text-book were enrolled as regular mem- text-book and a competent leader. This bers, but visitors and others who did not is not an easy thing to do, but when well wish to do the work were made equally done seems to be productive of very good welcome. At the close of each session results. there was an assignment of work to be done for the next meeting and lists of A successful experiment along this line thought-provoking questions were dis- was recently tried in the First Presby- tributed to stimulate interest on the part terian Church of Englewood, New Jer- of all in the next lesson. Prayer cycles sey, which numbers among its members were also distributed and their use con- Doctor Sailer and Robert E. Speer. The tinually urged, Everything possible was mid-week meetings were not large and done to encourage free participation on the session voted to devote nine consecu- the part of those present, and as a result tive meetings to a course in mission many asked and answered questions who study. had never before been known to take part in a prayer-meeting. Doctor Sailer agreed to do the teach- ing provided he was given control of The results were very gratifying. The the entire session, devotional service as attendance at the mid-week meeting in well as the study period. The course was this church had an average attendance of thoroughly advertised by means of a less than forty-sometimes less than_ little folder, and the whole arrangement thirty were present-but during the ses- of the room was changed. Instead of sions of the study .c1ass, the attendance facing the desk, the chairs were arranged averaged over 80. After the first meet- in a semi-circle facing one side of the ing there were never less than sixty room, and informality and sociability present. ."Many attended who had not were encouraged in every way possible. been seen at the mid-week service for many months," says Doctor Sailer.. "The At the opening meeting the pastor of majority of those who attended bought the church briefly introduced the course text-books and studied them, took notes, and then took his place as a member of and participated in the discussions. A the class. There was a devotional ser- large number did collateral reading, an vice at both the opening and the close average of twelve books a week being of each session led by Doctor Sailer. taken from our thirty-volume reference Much stress was laid on prayer, but no library alone. Several persons had a time was taken for singing and the definite interest in missions aroused for meeting was prolonged fifteen minutes the first time in their lives and a number beyond the usual hour to give more time of subscriptions to the China Campaign .. for discussion. Notwithstanding its size of the Presbyterian Church were secured. the class was conducted as a real study The plan was generally voted to have class. Text-books were on hand for sale been well worth while."* and note-books and sharpened pencils were provided at each session. Liberal *Added information on the subject may be found use was made of blackboard, maps and in a little leaflet, U A Mission Study Class at. the charts, and a reference library of about Mid·week Church Meeting," by Doctor Salier, thirty books with a librarian in charge, published by the Presbyterian Department of Mis· was placed on a table in front of the class sionary Education, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, and kept in constant circulation. N. Y.

He that saveth his time from prayer shall lose it; he that loseth his time in communion with God shall find it in blessing.-Wilder.

E I DI

Two Warfares–A Contrast THE CONFLICTS OF THE WORLD THE CAMPAIGNS OF GOD Ephesians, 6: 12 "Against flesh and blood" "Against spiritual wickedness"

THE CAUSE Pride, envy, and jealousy of men and The love of God for man-desire for his nations. good. Desire for human supremacy over others. The ignorance and evil in men apart The ambition of worldly rulers for from God. power. The lack of harmony between man and God.

THE PURPOSE Material advantage. Control of com- Moral and spiritual advancement of man- merce. kind. Increase of territory, racial supremacy. Extension of the knowledge and love of Peace by armaments and fear of death. God. Divine supremacy. Peace by righteous- The subjugation of the weak by the strong. ness and brotherly love.

To win men to God and to save them from sin.

THE ENEMY Opponents of a national program. Opponents of truth, love and righteous- Races and nations desiring independence. ness. Those who have what others want. Ignorant bigots and selfish leaders. Those who exploit men to their detri- Rulers who oppose the stronger nations. ment. The devil and his followers, who lead men' astray.

FORCES FOR VICTORY The nations of the earth. Blood and The Church of Christ. Spiritual powers. iron. Followers of God under the leaqership Armies under the direction of generals. of Christ.

Proclamations and treaties. Prayer, watching, working, THE WEAPONS Death-dealing missiles, guns, bombs, tor- Life-giving messages. "The Word of pedoes. love and God." Fire, sword; rapine, hatred, and murder. Schools, hospitals, industry; "The wiles of the devil." Christlike lives. "The whole armor of God."

THE COST Expense of large arm"aments, forts, ar- Expense of Christian churches and mies, navies, coaling stations, etc. schools for benefit of men, women, and children at home ~nd abroad. Useless in peace, but costing $2,000,000,- 000 a year. $5,480,000 a day. Useful, always costing less than $2,000,- OOO,OOO–a permanent investment. The present war, costing about $50,000,- 000 a day. Protestant Christians spend in aggressive work about $75,000,000 a year.

Men engaged in killing each other, 20,- Christian missionaries to foreign lands, 000,000. 24,000.

Prisoners to be maintained, pensions, in- Christian workers employed in Europe demnities. and America, 300,000, at a cost of not over $200,000,000 a year. Destruction of industries, commerce, art, cities, and pursuits of peace. Erection of buildings and equipments for churches, schools, hospitals, etc., to Expensive war machinery destroyed. elevate men.

THE RESULTS Death to young men, husbands, fathers. New knowlcdge, power, and happiness to Killed and disabled in three months report- men. ed at 300,000 to 600,000. Conversions from heathenism, 200,000 in Cities sacked and burned. Treasures de- stroyed. one year.

Men, maimed, women ruined, children Communities transformed, schools estab- killed. lished. Families obliterated, countries impover- ished. Men and women healed, children educa- Science hindered, education retarded. ted. Family life purified, industries estab- Commerce destroyed (400 ships taken in six weeks). lished.

Religious and philanthropic work hin- Science and discovery and civilization ad- dered. vanced. Burdensome war debt taxation for years Commerce built up (16,000,000 Scripture to come. portions alone). Factories, churches, art treasures, etc., in ruins. Religious and philanthropic work pro- Animal passions given control of men. moted. Men taught the blessing of service and Money squandered that might have been used for education, canals, railroads, sacrifice. science, art, religion. Buildings maintained for industry, religion, education. '

Spiritual and moral natures of men de- veloped. Money put into permanent improve- ments for the betterment of mankind and for the development of the nat- ural resources of the earth.

DEFEAT THE END VICTORY Strife-Material and physical dominant-Fear reigns. forces Peace·-Divine and spiritual forces dom- inant-Love reigns.

IN WHICH KIND OF WARFARE ARE YOU MOST INTERESTED, AND WHICH IS WORTHY OF THE, WHOLEHEARTED SUPPORT OF MEN AND OF GOVERNMENTS? WHAT ARE YOU DOING TO HELP?

THANKSGIVING AND PRAYER IN interrupted by the war; that many who WAR TIME are naturally counted as enemies are ministering to each others needs; that a THIS is surely a time to pray for spiritual quickening is evident in camps deliverance from the unbelief which and churches, where men are sobered by may hinder God in His mighty works, the war. and that we may so trust in Him and follow His leading that He may be able Pray especially for the missionaries in to accomplish His will in us and let His German East Africa, who are completely power work among us. isolated, and for workers in Turkey, most of whom had to leave that country In the midst of many difficulties and or are in danger from the Turks. Pray dangers there are many reasons for that throughout the Christian nations the thanksgiving to God for His mercy and hearts of men may be humbled in true guidance. repentance before God, and may seek the peace that comes through Jesus Thanksgiving that in many of the mission-fields the work is not seriously Christ. Pray that from this conflict may Jesus Christ in His campaign to win come new opportunities for the Gospel the world by testimony of truth and and new desire for the coming of God's service of love. The warfare against Kingdom. evil and ignorance should bring har- Pray that Christian men and women mony among Christian forces.

may be revived with new zeal and the spirit of sacrifice to proclaim the healing THE HEBREW CHRISTIAN ALLIANCE Gospel of Jesus Christ. ONE of the most serious and omni- Pray that all Christians may remember present obstacles to the evangeliza- tion of the Jews has been and is the the sacred obligation to maintain the lack of harmony and sympathetic cowork which is so near to the heart of operation among Hebrew Christians- God, and to which He has commissioned especially among those who are working His church-the taking of the "Good for the conversion of their fellow News" to the ends of the earth. Hebrews. It was, therefore, an import- ant step in advance when a "Hebrew Let us pray that patience and courage Christian Alliance of America" was may be given to the missionaries during formed as the o~tcome of a Jewish Misthe isolation, the necessary retrench- sion Conference in New York on May ments and the prolonged delay in send- 23, 1914. The first president chosen was ing reinforcements; also that the missionaries may be kept in God's peace.

H WAR AND PEACE and Rev. S. B. Rohold, who has been OW petty seem some of the differ- doing such remarkably successful work ences that separate Christians when in Toronto. The secretary is Rev. A.

they are looked upon in the face of :t R. Kuldell, who is the only paid officer, great crisis or threatened danger. Who but who serves without guaranteed salary in Great Britain would think of press- in order to avoid the danger of a deficit.

ing now for a decision in the Kikuyu We believe that this alliance of Hebrew Controversy? Who will inquire as to Christians may be the means of great the church from which a soldier comes advance in the evangelization of the so long as he is sound in body, cour- "Chosen People." Not only does it aim ageous in heart and loyal in spirit? to gather into Spiritual Fellowship the The antagonism and contentions of the Jewish Christians that are scattered suffragists in England and the Unionists abroad, but it seeks to help the afflicted, in Ireland are forgotten as the people to cultivate a spirit o~ love and coopera- face a common foe. German Socialists tion, to study the needs and progress of have joined with their opponents to missions to Jews, to promote conferences fight for their common Fatherland, and for the consideration of the most effec- old-time enemies, the Russians and tive means of reaching them, and to Japanese, are allied in a common cause. spread among Christians of all churches Has not God here a lesson for His a deeper sympathy for this work and a Church. In the face of the prevalent greater desire to cooperate in it. Gifts sin and its consequences in the world are needed to make possible the efficiency how petty seem the differences that of this Alliance, and we believe will be divide God's people. How unstatesman- wisely used for the salvation of Israel.

like are the contentions as to what Mr. Maurice ,Ruben of 333 Forty- body shall occupy a certam· station and second Street, Pittsburgh, is Treasurer, the questions of forms of worship and and the Rev. A. R. Kuldell, 618 H Street, minor differences of belief. The great· N. W.,· of Washington, D. c., will give questions are: "Who is on the Lord's any information desired in regard to the side," and who will follow the Lord organization.

AMONG THE JEWS which is to be renovated. The Presby-

tery of Pittsburgh also passed a reso- Outlook for Missions to Jews lution to inaugurate work among the Jews, with the help of $5,000, from the MISSIONARIES to the Jews report Board of Home Missions. The Presby- that this has been a year of peculiar terian Church of U. S. A. is thus to take blessing in their work. The number of up in earnest Christian work among the conversions and baptisms exceed, by at Jews of the United States. least 30 per cent., that of any other year. The chief visible result is seen in the Jews Affected by the War attitude of the young people who visit the missions. The former sneering and THE number of Jews directly affected misbehavior are things of the past. The by the war is roughly estimated as Jews now visit the missions to listen, and they show the utmost respect for follows:- the speaker and for the message. The Jews are also throwing off their fear Country No. of Jews No. of Jews of the Rabbis and the elders, so that in Country in Army there are more open confessions. Those who are laboring among Israel feel that Russia …….. 6,200,000 210,000 there is a new epoch coming, and that Austria ……. 1,313,687 100,000 the result will be years of reaping and Hungary ….. 932,416 50,000 organization. Germany …… 615,029 30,000 17,000 Presbyterian Missions to Jews France ……. 100,000 Servia …….. 15,730 2,500 THE General Assembly of the Presby- 2,600 terian Church of U. S. A. passed a Belgium …… 15,000 16,000 Great Britain.. 250,000 2,000 resolution last June that the Home Board 1,500 should cooperate with any Presbyteries Canada ……. 150,000 5,000 willing to start any work among the Australia …… 20,000 2,000 Jews. Mr. Henry Hellyer, formerly of Morocco …… 109,712 2,000 Glasgow, Scotland, a most sincere, Algeria ……. 46,000 honest and upright Hebrew Christian, a India 20,980 graduate from the Princeton Theological Seminary, was appointed missionary to 9,788,554 440,600 the Jews by the Board of Home Missions. He began work in September, The total number of Jews in the world with headquarters at Germantown, Pa., is 13,052,864, so that if we add the Jews and since that time has been visiting in Turkey there are over three-quarters various PresbyterieS', and has been able of the Jewish race directly involved in to inaugurate work among the Jews at the present hostilities-a tremendous Mizpah Parish, Philadelphia. That penalty to pay for their dispersion among the nations! It is startling to reflect Presbytery has approved of a budget that 75 per cent. of the Jews are thus affected, and 60 per cent. of the world's of $5,500 a year for salaries, equipment. general population are directly involved. etc. They have secured a building The Czar and the Jews THE Jewish Era gives expression to· the questions that must have arisen in the minds of many of those wlo have read in the papers the Czar's proclamation to the Jews in the early

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days of the war, in which he addresses to return to Hamburg. The military them as "My Beloved Jews." "In this authorities demanded the hospital for document the Czar is said to remind military purposes, as well as the ten Jews of the benefits they have received deaconesses, and the house of industry from Russia, and the House of Roman- and enquirers' horne was closed. off in particular, and His Majesty calls upon them to volunteer in the Russian Another well-equipped mission near army, as Jewish and Russian interests Hamburg is that of the London Jewish are 'one and the same. In return for Society, in charge of the Rev. Mr. this the Jews are to be permitted to Dolman. It is situated at Wandsbek, a live in districts hitherto forbidden to little outside of Hamburg, and has a them. This language sounds strange beautiful mission home, a little English with the groans and agonies of Bialy- chapel, a printing-office and book bindstok, Kieff and Kishenev still ringing ing establishment, and a house for enin our ears. Is it "a passing ebullition quirers. This mission has had quite a of sentiment" or is it the conviction number of important converts, among of a conscience that at last has been whom some are rectors of Anglican touched by the miseries of a long- churches, and others are prominent missuffering people? Or will it be another sionaries. Mr. Dolman is a Dutchman Rumanian affair of promises unkept, and is therefore not personally affected of peace pacts broken, so fashionable by the war, but since the mission is in these war days? British, the authorities have forbidden the sending of money. The London Two Successful Minions in Hamburg Jewish Society, perhaps, more than any other, feels the results of this terrible THE Irish Presbyterian Church has, war. Her missions in Palestine have perhaps, the best equipped mission to been practically closed, and in France, the Jews in Germany. The pastor and Austria, and Russia her missions are head of the mission is the Rev. Arnold suffering severely. Frank, D.D., who still retains the valuable aid of Dr. Aston. In connection Death of Missionaties to Jews with this mission there is a beautiful church edifice and house of industry and MISSIONS to the Jews have recently home for enquirers. They have also one lost many sainted men by death. of the best equipped hospitals. The mission published a little book, setting One is the Rev. Aaron Bernstein, B.D., forth 25 years of mission work, and in one of the most .learned of Hebrew it there are photographs of no less than scholars in Jewish mission work. The 77 converted Jews, ministers, mission- Church of Scotland has also lost a noble aries and 12 theological students. Some self-sacrificing worker in the person of of these men belong to the best missions Mr. Morris Michaelis. But the man and are of the noblest type, including who stands out pre-eminently, as a loss the Rev. Mr. Rosenberg, the missionary to the whole Church of Christ, is Dr. to the Jews in Russia, and Rev. Mr. D. C. Ginsburg of the British Museum. Carlton, rector of a fashionable church He was a native of Poland, a man of in London, England, and Pastors Lands- sterling character and of great Hebrew berger and Kirsch, and men who occupy and Rabbinical learning. After being some of the finest pulpits in Britain and graduated from the Universities in Germany. Dr. Frank was in Switzer- London and Cambridge, he was a mis~ land when the war broke out and was sionary of the British Jewish Society.; not ,permitted by the German authorities but he resigned in 1863 to undertake im;; portant literary w{)tk in connection witfi the British Museum.

The Daily Chronicle (London) says:

The greatest of Oriental scholars in our meeting of our wholesale liquor dealhs own time, Dr. Ginsburg, enjoyed a world- the other evening that we didn't have wide fame. His vast knowledge of five years of life ahead of us. Strange Biblical matters led to his taking part as it may seem to you, 1 would vote for in many controversies. One of the most national prohibition. It's best all memorable was with William E. Glad- round." stone, with whom he became on terms of intimate friendship. This great Hebraist Home Mission Week was one of the original members of the THE week before Thanksgiving is committee appointed by Convocation in 1870 to undertake the revision of the Home Mission Week. This year at- Old Testament. For the last six or tention is centered around the theme, seven years he had devoted himself to "The Social Force of Christian Misthe compilation of a Massoretico-Critical sions: Christ for Every Life and All Hebrew Bible, and he was engaged on of Life." Programs and suggestions this until a few days before he died. Dr. were prepared for the regular church Ginsburg's labors in the cause of Bibli- service, for the church prayer-meeting, cal scholarship included many articles in for the Sunday-school, and for the Bible dictionaries and encyclopedias. mid-week Thanksgiving service. These suggestions included a cantata, "Our Country for All."

AMERICA Friendly Hand to Foreigners THE Friendly League, which was re- AIn Favor of National Prohibition RECENT issue of the Ladies' Home cently organized by the committee Journat tells of a group of able on immigration of the New York State men casually gathered at a dinner party Executive Committee of the Y.M.C.A., who discust together the question of is spreading rapidly, and promises prohibition, as follows: to become nation-wide. Any man who subscribes to the following creed may The first was a business man of large join it. "I will try each day in my interests: "1 wouldn't think of voting contact with the foreigner to show him for State prohibition, but let national by my courtesy and friendliness that prohibition come up and it will have my the Christianity and the American ideals vote in a minute. Drinking has be- taught by the Young Men's Christian come an economic issue, and I am will- Associations and the church are not ing to give up my whisky and soda mere forms but realities." The founfor the good of the many." The second ders believe that tho the immigrant has was a large employer of men-about been helped in many ways in the past, eighteen thousand: "1 am ready for he has missed the right hand of Chrisnational prohibition. Up to this time tian brotherhood, and the result >has it has seemed a far-away ideal to me. been that he has come to believe in Now I see it as a pure efficiency meas- many, many instances that American ure." A physician was the next: democracy is a mockery. The Friendly "Medicine can do without it; science is League aims to remove this misunderagainst it; the old idea of alcohol as standing and bring to thousands of a food is exploded. 1 am all ready for immigrants the realization that America my vote for national prohibition." And, will be a new home to them. last of all, was a wholesale dealer in liquor who started the talk and who Chap.el Needed for Louisiana Lepera finished with this significant statement: "You're right. We are seeing the REFERENCE has been made to the handwriting on the wall. I said at a plan undertaken by the Local Ministerial Alliance of New Orleans

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to provide Protestant teaching for A Compo,ite Bible Cl.., such inmates of the Louisiana Leper THE Rev. A. W. Stevenson, a mem- Home as desired it. The services helt! thus far have met with great encourage- ber of the Presbytery of Phila- ment, and show the necessity for a delphia, and for ten years a missionary small chapel. As the services are now in Cuba, is conducting a Bible-class of held, the men and the women come at University of Pennsylvania students, in separate hours, because there is no which each Sunday afternoon there come room large enough to accommodate together M~hammedan, Brahman, Budboth. The State Board of Control has dhist, Confucian and Roman Catholic granted permission to build a small and Protestant students. Protestant chapel, and the local committee are now looking for material Two hundred and sixty-four foreign or funds. The building will be of plain students at this university came last construction; but the number of resi- year from forty-six different nations. dents in the Louisiana' Colony has now They come from eight divisions of the increased to ninety, and consequently British Empire and twelve nations of a building must be erected on a larger Europe, including those involved in the scale than at first planned. present war; from China, Japan, Korea, India, and the islands of the Pacific; T Bible Society Centennial and from fourteen of the republics of HE centennial of the American Central and South America. Their Bible Society comes in 1916, and presence in the colleges and profes- Dr. Haven, one of the Society's secre- sional schools of this great university taries, has already begun a tour of the is an unparalleled opportunity for the world to confer about the forms the Church, for the university, and for all celebration shall take, since it is to be, friends of peace and righteousness. like the work of the Society, worldwide. Nearly all religious bodies will EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN take some notice of the celebration, and Protestant Christians will join in An Instructive Retrospect observances to rejoice over one hundred years of Bible translation and THO for the moment it seems as if distribution. Richmond, Atlanta, Bir- philanthropic and religious entermingham, New Orleans, Dallas, St. Louis, Chicago, Denver, San Francisco, prise will suffer grievously from the Portland, Seattle, Minneapolis, Detroit, great war, there is reason to hope that Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Washington, in due course the spirit of benevolence Baltimore, New York and Boston of will assert itself with renewed, and. American cities, are to have large indeed with increased, vigor. The reccelebrations. Other observances are to ords of a hundred years ago fully justake place in Peking, Shanghai, Canton, tify this expectation. It was, as we and principal cities of China; in Tokio remember, in the terrible period of and Yokohama in Japan; Manila, Bang– twenty yearS', whiC;h ended in the battle kok, Constantinople, Cairo, Seoul in of Waterloo (1815), when stringency Korea, Mexico, Havana, Panama, Rio de abounded on every hand, that some of Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Santiago, Lima the largest evangelistic societies were and principal cities of South America; organized in Great Britain. The Baptist also in India and South Sea Islands. Missionary Society having pointed the way, in 1792, there followed, in close succession, among other organizations: the London Missionary Society,. in 1795; the Church ¥is'sionary Society, in 1799; the Religious Tract. Society, in 1799; the British and Foreign Bible

Society, in 1804; the Aged Pilgrim's secrecy that attached to Protestant Friend Society, in 1807; and the gatherings in the centuries of Roman London Jews Society, in 1809. More- Catholic domination. The movement over, the example and influence of appears to have started with a cobbler these undertakings told across the At- who has a genius for expounding Scriplantic, and in spite of the political com- ture. To him have come many privates motion which prevailed there. Hence seeking spiritual instruction, and the inwe find that, in 1810, there was founded fluence of his work is said to be very the American Board of Commissioners definite, and to have reached officers for Foreign Missions, and in 1814 the as well as· the rank and file. American Baptist Missionary Union. So we may reasonably hope that, with Uprising Against Alcohol the blessing of God, good may grow out of the conflict which, at the present, .AMONG the great universities of Euis causing so much pain and sorrow. rope that give courses in various New Head for China Inland Mission phases of the relation of alcohol to crime, insanity, pauperism, etc., are the THE China Inland Mission society is Universities of Utrecht, Giessen, Berlin, Bonn, Strassburg, Vienna, Tuebingen, fortunate in securing Rev. J. Stuart Heidelberg, Munich, Prague, Basle, Berne, and Geneva. There are thou- Holden of St. Paul's Church, Portman sands of students in these institutions Square, London, as Home Director. enrolled in total abstinence societies and He has been a member of the London they have been exceedingly active in Council since 1905 and succeeds Mr. conducting temperance campaigns. All Theodore Howard, who died last Feb- these organizations, together with the ruary, after filling the office for thirty- Intercollegiate Prohibition Association five years. Mr. Holden has felt it of America, are members of the Internecessary to retire from the other Mis- national Bureau of Abstaining Students sionary Boards with which he has been with headquarters at Zurich. connected, in order that he may devote his' time and strength to the work of National Prohibition in Russia the China Inland Mission. His Church and its institutions, with the Missionary WHO would have dreamed that Training Institute, will be the only Russia would get ahead of us in responsibilities to which he intends henceforth to commit himself. He the matter of outlawing the liquor comes into his important office at a traffic? And in Russia prohibition is time when the Nation and Church are likely to mean what it says: for they passing through a period of unparalleled have a way of making laws effective trial and difficulty.-China's Millions. there. The World says: The Czar in- augurated the greatest temperance move- THE CONTINENT ment in the history of the world when. two months ago, as a war measure, he Work Among French Soldiers issued the edict prohibiting the sale of vodka. It was not intended at the ·R. HIATT, the pastor of the Union time that the suspension of the traffic D. Church in Paris, reports rumors of in this liquor should be more than a temporary expedient. But so rapid has an evangelical propaganda in the French been the change in the habits of the Army. Partly because of the extent to people and so remarkable the improvewhich a reputation for religion .would ment in the condition of the peasantry do a man harm in French military that by imperial decree the sale of circles, the meetings are held with the

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vodka is to be barred indefinitely after satisfied himself that the accusation the war. was groundless but exprest his fullest sympathy with the way in which the The sale of spirits in Russia .is a work was being conducted. state monopoly, which has produced nearly 30 per cent. of the govern- Baptist Work Among Rumanians ment's ordinary revenues. In order to meet the needs of the imperial ex- THE Baptist Church has not only chequer it has increased the number of interested itself in the spiritual dram-shops in the rural districts and directly aided in the spread of poverty needs of the Russian people, but has and drunkenness among the working been very successful in its labors classes. Being a cheap drink, made from among the Rumanians both in Europe grain or potatoes, the Czar's ministers, and America. In Hungary there are for revenue purposes, have deliberately now about 8,000 Rumanian Baptists, adhered to the policy of increasing the <litho evangelization among these consumption, regardless of the steady people began only about 25 years ago. degradation of millions of the Czar's It was initiated by German Baptists. subjects. Only rarely has a statesman In the United States little Rumanian like Count Witte ventured to question Baptist churches are starting up here the wisdom of the government's course arid there. In a recent conference in and even he was not able to offer a the First Rumanian Church, Cincinsatisfactory revenue substitute. nati, 0., 380 church members were represented. The delegates were lay That some of the cruel consequences preachers, mostly common laborers. At of war should be unexpectedly offset Akron, Ohio, 100 Rumanians are about by a great social and economic reform to build a church home. These Ruof which Russia stands in need is one manian Baptists are called "Repenters" of the ironies of circumstances. (Pocaiti) by the Rumanian Catholics.

What a Russian Sunday-School Did MOSLEM LANDS SOME years ago a Christian woman The Disintegration of Turkey in Russia organized a Sunday-school THE Ne~ York Independent gives in for the poorest class of children in an a SUCCInct table the way in which outlying part of St. Petersburg. Here a Christian factory-owner, a Dane by Turkey has been disintegrated in the birth, offered the top floor of his build- past century. ing for this purpose, and soon the children began to flock in, reaching an GREECE: Independent kingdom, 1830. average of about 400 in autumn and ALGERIA: French occupation, 1830; now a spring, and 1,000 in mid-winter. Not knowing where to find teachers she province of French republic. applied to the Student Christian Asso- SERVIA: Autonomous principality, 1830; ciation and got men and women helpers. One of the women students had as independent principality, 1878; kingmany as 80 little girls in her class. dom, 1882. Last winter it was reported to the RUMANIA: Autonomous principality, archbishop that this Sunday-school was 1862; independent principality, 11378; an agency for sectarian propaganda and kingdom, 1881. should be stopt. He sent a student MONTENEGRO: Independent principality, of the Ecclesiastical Academy to verify 1878; kingdom, 1910. the fact, and this student not only BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA: Occupied by Austria-Hungary, 1878; annexed to Austria-Hungary, 1908; now sought by Servia. BULGARIA: Autonomous principality, 1878; independent kingdom, 1908.

EASTERN RUM ELlA : Administrative au- evangelize the Moslem popUlation. tonomy, 1878; annexed to Bulgaria, Everything calls for a united church." 1885. American Interests in Turkey CYPRUS: Ceded by Turkey to England, 1878. SOON after the outbreak of the European war, a delegation repre- TUNIS: French protectorate, 188l. senting American missionary interests EGYPT: Occupied by Great Britain, 1882. in Turkey met in New York, to con- TRIPOLI: Occupied by Italy, 1911. sider the situation, and it was decided CRETE: Autonomous, 1898; annexed to to send a delegation to Washington to wait upon Mr. Bryan, the Secretary of Greece, 1913. State. The latter gave assurance that ALBANIA: Independent, 1913. the United States Government would MACEDONIA; Annexed to Greece, 1913. do everything in its power for the protection of American missionary in- Great Britain threatened that if Tur- terests in Turkey, and would undertake key entered the war there would be no to get gold into the hands of the mis- Turkey left, either in Europe or in sionaries, provided they could· not ob- Asia. tain funds on the ground.

Christendom United Against Islam Mr. Henry Morgenthau, the Ameri- can Ambassador, again demonstrated S M. ZWEMER sayS' in the his broad-minded interest in the work • Constructive Quarterly: "One of the missionaries, for before any of the most startling visual proofs of action was taken by the State Departthe present-day strength of Chris- ment, he cabled from Constantinople tianity in the Ottoman Empire, as that on his own responsibility he had well as of its sad divisions, is found advanced to Treasurer Peet of the in a map recently published. It was American Board in Turkey $I7,800 in prepared by Major R. Huber, formerly Turkish gold, notwithstanding the fact professor in the Imperial Ottoman War that the banKs in Turkey refused to School and chief engineer in the payout any money at this time. How Lebanon Province. The map shows on he was able to do it is not explained. large scale the proportionate population Another cablegram announced that the of Moslems, Catholics, Armenians, ambassador had advanced $5,000 to the Greek Orthodox, Syrians, Jacobites, Syrian Protestant College. Nestorians, and Protestants in every province. It also gives the number Gathering of Christian Students and location of the various patriarchates, bishoprics, cathedrals, churches, THE first Christian student conferconvents, schools, orphanages, and hospitals, each division of the Christian ence ever held in the Turkish church being represented by a different Empire met at Mount Lebanon in July color; The map is literally dotted with last. It was under the guidance of Christian institutions and miSSIOn the Y.M.C.A. and was held in the centers, but the color scheme is as Presbyterian School for Boys. It conperplexing and discouraging as that of tinued for a week. The speakers inthe "Rainbow Bible" to one who be- cluded teachers and missionaries frOni lieves in the Mosaic authorship of the numerous schools, colleges, and missions. Pep.tateuch. If anything can unite The student delegates were from English these forces of Christendom in the and American colleges. The spirit of Ottoman Empire, it surely is the un- the meeting is embodied in the "declaraprecedented opportunity now, under the tion card" drawn up for use 'among stunew conditions of government, economic 'development; and freedom, to

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dents in the colleges this year: "It is' my ward Christianity, these movements purpose, in the spirit of Christ, to make are now assuming such proportions religious work in my own country the , that they are becoming alarmed. Some chief aim of my life." The conference of them recently prepared a document is interpreted by those who report it as which is a sort of pledge to renounce having in it "the beginning of a great the Christian faith and to drive out power for righteousness." of their village all foreign preachers.

Jews Barred From Palestine This paper the humble believers are asked to sign by affixing a thumb- HE Porte has again prohibited the mark. Under such condition only are T immigration of Jews into Palestine. they promised freedom from persecu- The reason is that the anti-Jewish cam· tion. At a large conference of Indian paign carried on by the Arab press preachers who care for a community of Syria against Jewish immigrants has of at least 50,000, the Bishop inquired, lately assumed large proportions. It "Have you ever known any of our is probable that the agitation is fo- Christians to put his thumb-mark on mented by _Arabs who are opposed to such a document?" A chorus of voices the Young Turks and who seize on the answered, "No, not one." immigration of Jews as a pretext for attacking the party in power. The de- Suttee Up to Date cision of the Porte has created a pain- . THE British Government may have ful impression at the Chief Rabbinate succeeded in practically abolishing in Constantinople and in Nationalist the custom of suttee among Indian circles.-The Jewish World. widows, but the Church Missionary Gregorian Sunday-Schools in Turkey Review tells of a girl at Jaid- pur, Bengal, whose husband had re- HIS year the World's Sunday- cently died of smallpox, who saturated T school Association has distributed her clothing with keros'ene and set it 2,000 copies of the Armenian and 1,600 alight. An Indian correspondent of of the Turkish Sunday-school lessons the Statesman described it as a "heroic for each quarter. For the first time sacrifice," but he was uncertain whether Gregorians have bought them and are to account for the tragedy by ascribing using them. They are highly praised it to her affection for her husband -')r in the "Dadjar" or Temple, the official that "she realized too truly what a organ of the Gregorian Church. Greg- lifelong widowhood meant for her." orian Sunday-schools have been organ- Similar motives, combined with estabized in a number of places. The cor- lished custom and the sense of religious dial reception given to the Inter- duty, were doubtless' responsible for the national Lessons is the more remark- earlier practise of the widow's seF able in view of the hostility this ancient immolation on her husband's funeral branch of the Christian Church has pyre. formerly shown toward Protestantism and Evangelical Mis·sions. A Message From Mandalay INDIA REV. S. R. McCURDY, of the Bap- A Hindu Device Against Christians tist Mission in Burma, sends this BISHOP FRANK W. WARNE, of earnest appeal: "It makes one's heart the Methodist Church in North ache to sit down with our map of the India reports that while at first caste district and plan out a trip along the leaders took little notice of the mass cart roads and river, and then when we movements among the outcastes to- come to count up the cost be obliged

to cut out that village, and then. an- orthodox Mohammedan. He has been other and another. And yet all the one of my bitterest opponents, and has time you know that those villages have often laughed and scoffed at me as I not had the gospel for two, four, six, passed his shop. I asked him why he yes, at times ten years,-and some of wanted to buy a Bible, and he confest them have never heard the message, that he had secretly read an Urdu have never looked on the face of a Gospel bought from me by one of his Christian preacher, white or native. servants. In this book he had found American dollars here mean so many many good things which he had never miles of cart road covered-hours of heard of, and he now wanted to read preaching-villages evangelized-pages the whole Bible. of Christian literature in the hands of heathen-Christian souls made aware of THE Mission Tannery in Siam a loving Savior. The lack of them Kenneth McKenzie Memorial means simply no rolling cart wheels– School, at Lampang, has installed villages unreached-heathen untouched tanning machinery for its industrial de- -and Christless graves out there on partment and is producing first-class the lonely outskirts of the jungle vil- leather. A large German firm buys the lage. Would that the churches at home product. Mr. Vincent writes: "It was might compute offerings as we must with considerable anxiety we first fired learn from bitter experience to com- the boiler, ran the steam up to 60 Ibs., pute them out here, in terms of cart and opened the valve into the engine. tracks, new villages, new hearers, a re- The boiler had lost its steam gage, water iterated message, priceless souls made gage, injector, and fixtures on its way new in our Savior." from England. These I had to fit up from an available junk-heap. I had never The Hookworm Plague in Siam even started an engine before, let alone fit up a boiler. But all the machilles DR. w. H. BEACH of the Nau do their work well. The leather-split- mission dispensary (Siam) is ter splits leather and tanners tan. As taking up the hookworm sickness. He one of the by-products of the tannery finds that 90 per cent. of the natives we are going to be able this year to he examines have this infection, and pump water on to the school farm to that 9S per cent have an intestinal irrigate it. One pumping plant will parasite of some kind. The conse- throw 24,000 gallons per hour. We are quence is pale, anemic faces, swollen expecting as a result a good crop of feet and hands, boils, ulcers; pains in rice for feeding our boys in the school. stomach, and a lack of energy. As The First Presbyterian Church of Portthis sickness has continued for genera- land has just invested $r.ooo in the tions past, the general devitalized con- completion of this school plant." dition of the Siamese is not surprizing. Dr. Beach proposes a twenty-year cam- CHINA paign for the eradication of this disease-a campaign carried on jointly by Go-to-Church Sunday in Peking the government and the different mission dispensaries,-and has no doubt as INa discussion on the relation of the to its ultimate success. Church and the Government school students which took place in Peking, The Bible for Burmese Moslems the following were some of the hin- drances referred to by the students: A COLPORTEUR of the British and the Church is foreign; the number of Foreign Bible Society in Burma divisions in the Christian Church is reports: "I sold one Holy Bible to an

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confusing to Chinese j some of the doc- of all for men, but can not but affect trines form a stumbling-block j the all lines of work.-The Continent. student sees many hypocrites in the Church j when foreigners preach in I China's New Conditions Chinese," they are not inspiring j often N a letter from China written to the the sermons are vague and too much editor, Dr. R. H. Glover, of the knowledge of the Bible is taken for "Christian and Missionary Alliance," granted j and lastly Confucianism is writes his observations. "I have been good enough. In the hope of getting among those who have spoken enthumany of these students in church at siastically of the new conditions, as least once, the workers named one day making for increased rectitude, prog- "Go-to-Church Sunday" and prepared gress and justice in the affairs of the for it. All the pastors of the city government, but first hand contact with were invited to preach that day with affairs has brought no little disapthe needs of the students in mind. It pointment in this regard. The promis estimated that between ISO and 200 ises of a higher order of administrayoung men heard that day their first tion have thus far not been fulfilled; sermon.-The Student World. the hopes for better conditions in gen- eral have not been realized. The Sherwood Eddy in China general opinion of both natives and foreigners is that present conditions REPORTS come from Kuling, the are worse than before the Revolution. Central China hill station, of the The readjustment of so great an emstriking way in which the missionaries pire is a huge problem that requires gathered there in the summer .were time and patience, and consideration is united both in prayer and in executive due those who have the task in hand; efforts, to ensure the success of Sher- and if one could think that those III wood Eddy's evangelistic campaign power were controlled by unsdfish among stud~nts. But even more strik- motives, one could bear patiently with ing is the interest the Chinese them- many mistakes and delays due to inselves are showing in the plans. Many experience and the difficulties of the of the Chinese gentry have come for- case. The sad fact is that such motives ward with offers to open guild halls are not the controlling ones. Graft i~ for the meetings. A missionary in rampant, with even less attempt to dis- Amoy had heard that there was to be guise it than before. Taxes have ina meeting of the chamber of com- creased and become most irksome. merce in Amoy· for the unveilin~ of a Large foreign loans are made, but tablet presented by Yuan Shi Kai to seem to evaporate with suspicious that body. Knowing that all the im- rapidity, leaving the government still portant men of the city would be there seriously embarrassed. Local officials and he might gain an opnortunity to appear no more sincere than ryf old, present plans for the Eddy meetings, and they are certainly less efficient. he went very early. The speaker for The highest provincial officials have the occasion was three-quarters of an within the last few weeks made brazen hour late, and Mr. 'V– used every faced efforts to obstruct the legitimate minute of that time to tell of Mr. purchase of property by a missionary Eddy's coming and what it would mean society. Without a shade of justifiable to their city. He so aroused their reason the seller was thrown into enthusiasm that immediately after the prison and threatened with even worse unveiling of the tablet they returned if he did not secure the return of the to the subjec,t. The campaign is first property. After a month's imprison-

ment he was finalJy released on the who went into the matter very thor- firm demand of the consulate, the oughly, and promised to bring the case Chinese officials during that time to the notice of the Chinese authorities.

having gone through a whole series Record of the United Free Church of of evasions and bluffs that were noth- Scotland.

ing less than a direct insult to foreign- ers.. . Weare not discouraged, Famine in South China E believing that China's welfare is in ARLY in the summer the State De- partment at Washington received ' higher and safer hands than thos'e of the would-be reformers. These latter the following cablegram from the Ameri- have to some extent caught the vision can Consul-General at Canton: "Unpre- of better things for their country, and cedented floods two provinces, South there are among them sincere and China. Over two million people home- welJ-meaning souls. But at best there less, starving. Crops totally destroyed.

has been an overweening 'confidence in Relief imperative." Heavy rains in June the flesh,' and God is having to say caused the West River in Southern as of old, 'Not by might, nor hy China to rise over seventy-two feet, power, but by My Spirit.' So far, in bursting dykes, and inundating ten thou- spite of a willingness to do there has sand square miles of thickly populated been a striking inability to perform. farming country. But three floods of The whole situation calls loudly for equal severity have occurred in this earnest prayer by God's people, that region during three hundred years, re- He will use these unhappy conditions cent famine appeals from China' having to reveal to China a deeper need than largely arisen in the Alluvial Plain of she has yet realized, and to displace East Central China. In September the self-assurance by a spirit of humble famine situation was reported by the trust in Him for wisdom and strength." Consul-General to involve as many as 8,000,000 in property loss. "Many mil- Missionaries Robbed in Manchuria lions in distress will need help until the THE workers of the United Free fall harvests. In many places whole Church of Scotland mission in Yung- villages have been blotted out. The loss of life may never be known, but the ling, China, while on a journey of over suffering caused is appalling." fifty miles by native cart to the railway which would take them to Mukden, where A Bookstore for Canton they were to attend Council meetings, were attacked by highway robbers. There ·THE value of Christian literature as were about a dozen armed men in the a missionary agency in China is attacking party. They went'through the emphasized by the respect which the boxes, taking out such of the contents as people show for even a scrap of paper pleasetJ them, and also removed the per- which contains writing or printing, and sonal jewelry of the missionaries, in- as modern education gains a stronger cluding the wedding rings of the ladies, hold, there is sure to be an increasing After the robbers hid withdrawn, the demand for books and papers. To meet missionary party sorted and repacked this opportunity, a missionary confer- their goods, and then they had a service ence composeq of representatives of of thanksgiving, in which all the Chinese British, German, and American societies 'Christians of the company took part, for working in the area of Canton has none had received bodily injury. On unanimously approved of a plan for their arrival in Mukden, they reported establishing a wen-equipped Christian the occutrence to the British Consul, bookstore in that city. A corner lot

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on the river front, a first-class location, land, and until his death was in charge ha$ been purchased, on which a mod- of the devoted Mr. Ishi. Mr. Matslj.- ern jive-lltDrieq, reinforced concrete building is to be erecte'd. The book- mota's course haS occasioned a Weat store will occupy a corner section of the ground floor, with room for ex- stir among his feUow students, especipa.»sion as the busines$ grows, and it ally as it was taken in the teeth of is hoped th;lt it can be conducted jointly determined family opposition. by the South Chip.a Religious Tract Spciety and the China Baptist Publi- AFRJ~A cation Society upon a self-supporting basis. The Sit~ation ill tho KOll8o JAPAN-KOl{EA MRS. MOTTE MARTIN, whose re~ turn with her husband to the The Revival Campaign in Japan Presbyterian mission in the Belgian Kongo has been delayed by the war, THE evangelistic campaign in Japan, <;ontributes an article to the Christian to which reference has already Observer on the present situation. Among other thiIJ.gs she says: "As our been made in the Review, was delayed Kongo mission field, probably more for a few weeks by the death of the than any other, will be affected by the empress dowager-an event which, ac- terrible European war, let us remember cording to Japanese civic etiquette, to earnestly pray without ceasing for made public meetings unallowable for the mlsslonarnes and natives thera. some time after. The first meetings We do not want to be unduly alarmed were held at six different points in the but as aU means of communication with county of Kagawa, on the southern the Kongo may be cut off we must not shore of the Inland Sea. Special be dependent upon letters or cablemeetings for students and for women grams to make us realize our need were very weU attended. When the for calling upon our Heavenly Father meetings began at Shimonoseki and for His help. Possibly we can depend Moj i, tho the largest halls were rented, upon Portuguese vessels for carrying people were turned away, and the mail. If so, it would be greatly deevangelists report that it is not too layed and we can not expect to hear much to say that both these cities from the Kongo in two months' time were moved en masse by religious feel- as formerly. Altho native fruits, vegeing. In all places that the campaign tables, chickens, etc., can be depended has touched yet, the friendliness of upon for food, all of our provisionsthe Japanese daily press has been em- fiour, sugar, milk, lard, etc., salt and phatically marked. The familiarity of cloth (with which to pay native the newspaper men of Japan with workmen) , medicines, etc., which we Christian ideas was a revelation to the always order from London surely can missionaries. not be sent from there. Our Executive Committee has asked our Government M A Consecrated Lifll to instruct the American Consuls in R. MATSUMOTO, a Christian Belgium and in the Kongo to do all graduate of the Agricultural Col- that they can to see that our missionlege of the Imperial University in aries are cared for as well as possible." Tokyo, has dedicated his life to teaching agriculture on the farm of the A E;cho of the War in E;1Jrope Okq.yama orphanage. This institution GERMAN force has attacked is patterned on the lines of the George Abercorn, N. Rhodesia, which is Muller orphanage, in Bristol, Eng- thirty miles southeast of the southern

corner of Lake Tanganyika, and the is under charge of his department. The administrative center of Northeastern surroundings of the colony on Culion Rhodesia. On the morning of Septem- have been made very attractive physiber 5 an attack of German skirmishers cally, and the people live lives fairly was repulsed, and on September 9 the normal in a community wherein they Germans opened shell fire upon Aber- govern themselves and engage in trade corn, but afterward abandoned their with one another. An element of hope position and retreated fifteen miles 10 is introduced into the situation by the the east. Kawimbe, where the L.M.S. fact that the American physicians are has carried on work for more than a making an encouraging progress toward quarter of a century, is ten miles the discovery of a cure for this hitherto direct east of Abercorn and on the road incurable disease. There are !!lOW at between it and the frontier of German Culion 3,500 lepers, and it is believed East Africa, and there can be no that the islands have been cleared of any doubt that the German force must developed cases of the disease. The have passed through it. No direct government takes care of the whole news has yet come to hand from Ka- population in a way which precludes wimbe, but a cablegram received three want, but every sign of interest and weeks ago stated that, altho there was sympathy from healthy humanity is as' then no cause for anxiety, the ladies good as a medicine to these sufferers. and children connected with the mis- It is with this in mind that Dr. Heiser sion had left Kawimbe and gone to has made a public request that the people one of the mission stations to the west, of the United States shall give Culion a farther away from the German fron- surprize Christmas this year. To carry tier. It is believed that there are two out this idea of Dr. Heiser's, the Mis- London Missionary Society mission- sion to Lepers has offered its assistance. aries at Kawimbe-Mr. William -The Continent. Draper, the senior member of the Central African staff, and Dr. Harold A Good Word for the Filipinos Wareham. A RECENT report gives these en- Leipzig Minion in Africa Transferred couraging words: "There are 530,000 boys and girls who are ready to THE Leipzig Mission resolved to turn listen, not in the dialects, but in Eng- over their Kamba Mission in British lish. 8,500 Filipino school teachers are East Africa to a British society because prepared to read and grasp the great it was' resolved at the Kikuyu Confer- ideas of the English writers. The Filience to unite all native churches in pino is eager for enlightenment. There British East Africa. The Lutheran Mis- is nothing to hinder the message being sion could not conscientiously unite in given to him save lack of messengers such a federation, and as the Kamba and quick ways of reaching him. Now Mission could not stand alone the mission is the impressionable time, ere the days felt it best to give up work in this terri- of indifference come. There are some tory.-Calwer Missionsblatt. few thousands of American troops in the islands to preserve oruer, aided by THE ISLAND WORLD the Constabulary and the Philippine Scouts. But there is a better army than DR.Christmas for Filipino Lepers that; through 14 years it has been re- VICTOR G. HEISER, director cruited until it numbers nearly 75,000 of health for the Philippine Islands, strong! Like the troops of Garibaldi, who has just been visiting in the United these servants of Christ were promised States, takes a very keen interest in the persecution, hard marches, heroic serleper colony of the archipelago which

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vice, but in the end liberty in Christ down, crowd in against the choir, yell- Jesus, and they are the hope to-day of ing, "For he's a jolly good fellow," and the Philippines. When the Stars and all the time trying to drown even an Stripes are hauled down and the troopers echo of the poor native choir. But the embark, they will remain to garrison the natives said: "Oh, here goes for the land for Christ. They have stood under holy war"; so louder and louder the deep fire and not wavered, they have charged voice of the ex-cannibals was heard sing- many a hill of superstition and placed ing my parting hymn. The opposition the cross of Christ on it ssummit. Union camp, catching up the antagonism of is growing in sentiment in the Philip- the thing, yelled more loudly than before, pines. The Union Theological Semi- their second song, which was of the nary in Manila is preparing the way for vaudeville type. There you had, sym- a Filipino church in God's good time. bolized and exemplified, the horrid an- Eight hospitals and 20 dispensaries are tagonism that the Gospel meets in all bringing the gospel of love and charity these islands. If only the white man at to the people. Twenty dormitories are least hid his head in shame at the undertaking to reach the young and memory of his mother's God and his splendid rising generation of the islands. father's God, the Gospel would have a Industrial schools are training the hands better chance in these lands."

as well as the hearts to meet the future; The Bible in Java MISCELLANEOUS N INETY-EIGHT per cent. of the "T Learning by Proxy Bible sales in Java in 1913 were to HO the public schools in the Moslems. In fact, Mohammedans pur- Philippines were started under the chase more Christian Scriptures than American plan, they have been comany other book. They frequently re- pletely changed. Each boy or girl tnrn to the colporteurs to buy other pupil is now required to learn a trade. Scripture portions after they have fin- One father asked permission to send ished with the first. A Chinese col- a servant to the school to do the porteur in Java, Khu Chiang Bi, sold manual work required in place of 12,800 copies of the Scriptures during sending his son to do manual the past year. He is an able and in- work, declaring that his son could defatigable worker among the Moham- learn equally well by observation. medan Malays. This request, of course, was not granted, and the boy soon joined Dan Crawford in Fiji his classmates at their tasks and ON his journey back to Africa "Dan became an enthusiastic workman. Crawford" spent four days in the American baseball has also had a Fiji islands. He sends to the. London marked influence for good upon the Christian a characteristic account of an Filipino boys.-Rev. M. A. Rader, incident of his departure. A group of Methodist Mission.

Christian natives came down to the A Chance for Your Boy wharf when he sailed, and sang "God T .be with you till we meet again." Mr. HE saloons of Connecticut must have 2,000 new patrons at once. During Crawford says: "'Down the wharf in the moonlight there comes a yelling, bawl- the past year 9,000 of their best custom- ing band of young colonials, nearly a 'J ers were put in jail, and about one quardrunk, who have come down to sing off ter of them seem to be regular boarders a departing "pal." They come reeling there. Two hundred and fifty went to

State's prison. As many more were ference between Roman Catholics and killed by railroad trains, frozen to death, Protestants, in the standards adopted, drowned, or died of chronic alcoholism. and the methods of receiving and count- The supply must be kept up. Have you a ing converts, that is in favor of the lat- boy at your house for them? ter, and makes it a stronger body of Christians. If the men who vote for saloons had to furnish the boys to fill them, every OBITUARY NOTES town would go "dry." Dr. Edward Judson of New York The wettest "dry" town is drier than the dryest "wet" town. M A.NY Christians will mourn the death of Edward Judson, saint, Any law looks blue to the man who scholar and missionary. On Friday, wants to break it. October 23rd, after three days of illness, he passed from earthly service to the For every dollar spent for education presence of his Heavenly Father. On America spends six dollars for drink. December r8th of last year a most bril- liant social ass"embly of Baptists met in The only good side of the saloon is New York, when 500 guests sat down at the outside. a banquet in honor of Edward J tidson, the distinguished son of Adoniram Judson. "An open saloon is a thing to be toler- The ~ost notable hour of the Judson ated only so long as it can not be prohibited."-Wm. f. Bryarn. centennial celebrated in Boston last June Roman and Protestant Miasions was when the sons of Adoniram Judson humbly received round after round of FATHER SCHWAGER has written applause from the great concourse of for the International Review of Mis- people. Dr. Judson was pastor of the Judson Memorial Church, New York. sions a frank criticism of Protestant missionary methods. He points out that Bishop Williams of Tinl1evelly the Protestant principle of individualism endangers unity, and mentions that there THE sudden death at Coonoor, in the are in England more than roo different Nilgiri Hills, of Bishop A. A. Wildenominations, and in the United States liams of Tinnevelly removes from the about r50. He says that from these mIssIOnary forces one who had spent countries come most Protestant mis- thirty-four years of his life in India, sionaries to China, and he contrasts the and who is said to have had exceptional successes of the Roman missionaries knowledge of Indian ways of thinking. with those of Protestantism. "In China," This, perhaps, was due to his great he says, "the Roman Church has rAOo,- power of sympathy, for his universal 000 converts and 400,000 catechumens, kindness, his courtesy to members of all who constitute nearly 70 per cent. of the other creeds, and his gentle spirit en~ Christian population. The assurance of deared him to all classes of the com~ ecclesiastical and, cons"equently, of munity. . He is said to have supported national unity depends on the influence about sixty native children from his and success of Roman Catholic mis- private means, and to have been very sions." generous along many lines. His dio- cese presented some great difficulties, While there is, no doubt, room for and contained about six millions of criticism of the division of Protestant people and over a hundred thousand Christendom, the implication that the Christians of the S. P. G. and C. M. S. hundred and more Protestant bodies are missions, with hundre'ds of pastors, being reproduced in China is recognized churches and schools. as unwarranted by everyone at all familiar with the facts. There is also a dif-

"fit, m· S ON

AND ~./ /W MISSION LANDS ,..",.""."……../ / Africa in Transformation. By Norman The Cross in Japan. By Fred Eugene Maclean. Illustrated. Price, 5s., net. Hagin. Illustrated, 8vo. 367 pp. $1.50, James Nisbet & Co., Limited, publishers, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1914. 22 Bemers Street, London, W., England. Japan has had a remarkable past "Thbse who were at the Edinburgh and seems destined to have a no less World Missionary Conference and read notable future. The transition between with deepest appreciation those keen the old and the new, the false and the and stirring articles on the deliberations true, the secluded and the free comes of the Conference, that appeared from with the opening of the nation to day to day in The Scotsman, will feel western influence, and especially with that no further word need be spoken as the introduction of Christianity. No to the merits of 'Africa in Transforma- one can doubt this who reads carefully tion' than simply to point out that the Mr. Hagin's carefully collected and author is Norman Maclean who wrote well digested facts in this valuable those daily articles in The Scotsman. handbook. His descriptions are brief The pen-pictures of this book are so but pointed and illuminating. Not only wonderfully clear and illuminating that does he present with a well-chos'en the book might easily afford to dispense phrase a picture of the land and the with numerous and beautiful illustra- people, but he gives many interesting tions interleafing its pages. Whether in facts and typical views of the missiondescriptions of the country, or in his- ary work of his own and other societies. torical surveys, or in life portrayals, or The chapter on "What the Missionary in discussions of missionary methods has done," is impressive, tho very and principles, Mr. Maclean displays that rare journalistic style which enter- incomplete. "Japan's need fQr Christ," tains and at the same time gives information of real and abiding value. The and others dealing with the opportunity, book casts many sidelights upon the leave no room for doubt that mission- Kikuyu Conference, on mIssIonary aries have stilI much work to do in methods and conditions in East Africa. the Island Empire. It brings to light many incidents connected with the lives of missionaries, The fruits of Christianity in Japan that posseS$ real spiritual dynamic. The are seen, not only in the hospitals, chapter on 'They Counted not Their schools, churches, orphanages, asylums, Lives Dear' woul'd of itself justify a and other institutions, but in the promreading of the entire book. East Africa inent Christian convents, in the laws is brought out of the haze of distance that missionaries have helped to formuand is made vivid and real." late, and in the changed sentiments and ideals that are doing away with many evil customs. The Japanese Govern- ment has indicated its high esteem of Christian institutions by giving to them

$40,700 in the last five years. The ways emphasized educational work, and Emperor and Empress have also made has built up some notable Christian many donations to the Y.M.CA. and institutions in Turkey, Japan, China, other missionary works. and India. Dr. Barton, who speaks from missionary experience, presents From Alien to Citizen. The Story of clearly the character and value of this My Life in America. By Edward A. form of missionary work and drives Steiner. Illustrated, 8vo. 332 pp. $1.50. home his arguments by concrete ex- Fleming H. Revell Co., 1914. amples. His is a statesmanlike view to which many former opponents of edu- The facile pen and fascinating style cational missions are now turning. of this Christian Hebrew immigrant The many problems are discust- has been remarkably used to interest such as non-Christian instructors in men in the aliens who flock to America mission schools-and, while they are as the land of the free. One will look not solved, the discussion is illumin- far to find a more readable and im- ating. The whole volume makes a pressive biography. Mr. Steiner was powerful appeal to educated Christian born in Hungary and emigrated to young men and young women to give America as a young man. Here he their lives to this work. worked in sweatshop, mill and mines, and finally became a student, a lecturer, Father Lacombe. The Black-Robe Voyauthor, professor in Grinnell College, aguer. By Katherine Hughes. With Iowa, a Christian. No man has a deeper portrait. 468 pp. $1.50 net. Moffat, love for the immigrant or a stronger Yard & Company, New York, 1914. desire to give them the best that a "To the faith and grit of the un- Christian civilization offers'. written heroes in the old Guard of The autobiography describes, with Oblateer in Western Canada," Miss the author's characteristic humor, Hughes dedicates her story of one of pathos and philosophy, how he became their noblest representatives, a story an American citizen. It takes its place of self-sacrifice through more than with Jacob Riis' "Making of an Ameri- sixty years of labor among Indians can" as one of the remarkable stories and Metes in a pioneer land. The of new-born immigrants in a new land. years are worth recording, and Miss Professor Steiner has particularly suc- Hughes, archivist of the province of ceeded in awakening sympathy with Alberta, has zest and ability for her our "Incoming Millions." His life task. story is well worth reading from title page to finis. The historian finds here source· material for a chapter on the making Educational Missions. By James ,L. and Christianizing of the West. The Barton, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo. 271 student of human nature delights in a pp. 75 cents. Cloth. Student Volun- character in which simplicity, naivete, teer Movement, New York, 1914. and humor blend with shrewd diplomacy, Concerning no form of missionary devote piety and self-abnegation.

enterprise has there been more real He is, indeed, a picturesque figure, difference of opinion than concerning with the Red Cross of his flag floatthe spiritual value of educational mis- ing above him here, there, and everysions. Some have advocated a large where along the prairies between the proportion of expenditure of effort and Red River and the Mountains of the money in schools and colleges, while Setting Sun, now sharing the tepees others have preferred the distinctly of the nomad tribes, now making a evangelistic forms of work. The stand at some mission-place-with ax American Congregational Board, of and plow guiding the Metes and which Dr. Barton is secretary, has al-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

Indians to the ways of the white man, Indian is not dying out as we have leading them out from the blanket and been told so often. One chapter is the tepee to the school and homestead." devoted to the work still to be, accom- The hardships of the frontier were plis'hed and the neglected tribes, but less severe for Father Lacombe than this subject is not adequately treated. those return journeys in search of There is need for a more thorough funds or legislation from the Church presentation of the work left undone, or the Government in Canada, or at the the condition of unevangelized tribes, courts of Europe. the difficulties in the way, the oppor- tunities and the program that should Students and the World-Wide Expan- be adopted. The nine appendixes con- sion of Christianity. Addresses deliv- tain many statistics, bibliography and ered before the 17th International Con- other valuable information. vention of the Student Volunteer Move- ment for Foreign Missions, Kansas City, One of the striking features of Dr. January, 1914. Edited by Fennell P. Tur- Moffet's volume is the large number ner. S. V. M. U., New York, 1914. of fresh and interesting incidents and quotable sentences that offer valuable The Student Volunteer Convention at material for addresses and that make Kansas City last January was the most the book good reading. Redeeming the impressive and remarkable of the seven red man is a more hopeful and also a conventions of this movement held in more interesting procesS' than rifling him. the last quarter of a century. The meetings were notable for their immense Men Who Prayed. By Henry W. Frost. audiences, their deep spiritual power 12mo. 189 pp. $1.00, lIet. Gospel Puband the stirring character of the ad- lishing House, Bible-school Park, New dresses. These last are worth reading York, 1914. as they were worth hearing, and should These spiritual Bible studies can be kept for reference and for spiritual refreshment. Those by Dr. John R. scarcely fail to impress deeply one who Mott, Robert E. Speer, Dr. Robert F. follo,ws them thoughtfully and prayer- Horton, Mr. Sherwood Ed(ly, Dr. fully. Beginning with Adam, they go Samuel M. Zwemer, and a large num- through the Old Testament to Malachi ber of other secretaries, Christian and are well adopted to daily personal statesmen, missionaries, and Christians devotion or family prayers. The book from Asia are of unusual interest and reveals God as well as the laws of power. The appendix includes a list successful prayer, of character developof sailed volunteers from North Amer- ment and spiritual victory. ica during the last four years, an excellent missionary bibliography and an On Old World Highways. By Thomas D. excellent index. Murphy. Illustrated. Map. 8vo. 388 pp. $3.00, net. L. C. Page Co" Boston. The American Indian on the New Trail. 1914. By Rev. Thomas C. Moffatt. Illustrated. Map. 12mo. 302 pp. 60 cents. Cloth. The war in Europe makes this a vol- 40 cents, paper. Missionary Education ume of unusual interest, for it describes Movement, New York, 1914. in a delightful way, motor rambles in France and Germany-through some of This new text-book is a careful, com- the territory now devastated by the prehensive and stimulating study of the contending armies. Beginning at Bou- Redmen in the United States and the logne, the author traveled southwest Gospel. A brief history of the Ameri- and south through France, thence crosscan Indians and their primitive faith :s ing over into Germany through Alsace, followed by an account of· Christian past Lake Constance, to Munich mIsSIonary work among them. It is interesting to note that the American down the Rhine to Cologne and the~ westward through Luxembourg into

Belgium and back to Boulogne. The southern lady missionary to the Kango.

artistic illustrations, many of them in Child life, the cry of the Kongo, lone- colors, give some idea of the beautiful liness, ways many can help, and quali- buildings and picturesque districts that fications of a missionary ate some of have been rUil1ed by shot and shell, big them. They are readable and impressive.

invading armies with their trenches, and NEW BOOKS the tramp of many feet. Even a year ago the author noted that the "greatest Social Christianity in the Orient. The difference between France and Ger- Story of a Man, a Mission, and a Movemany, in favor of Germany-at least ment. By John E. Clough, D.D. illusso far as outward appearance goes-is trated. 8vo. 409 pp. $1.50, net. Macseen in her soldiery. Soldiers are millan Company, New York, 1914. everywhere.. . To the casual observer it would seem that if an aflT!Y The Problem of Lay Leadership. By of these soldiers should enter France Ernest Eugene "Elliott. 12mo. 119 pp. they could march directly to Paris 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New withdut serious resistance. But the York, 1914. (French) authorities say that German militarism is a hollow show, and that The Life of H. Roswell Bates. By S. there is real manhood in the French- Ralph Harlow. Illustrated. 12mo. 159 man." pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. A second portion of the book describes rambles in old corners of Great A Revelation of the Chinese Revolution. Britain. A Retrospect and Forecast. By a Chinese Compatriot. Edited by John J. Mttllow- ney, M.D. Illustrated. 12mo. 142 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. _Revell Co., New York, 1914.

The Chutch at the Center. By Wllrren H. Wilson. Illustrated. 12mo. 98 pp. 50 cents, prepaid. Missionaty Education Movement, New York, 1914.

The Holy Land of Asia Minor. By Fran- The Making of a Country Parish. A cis E. Clark, D.D. Illustrated. 12mo. Story. By Harlow S. Mills. IlIustrated. 154 pp. $1.00, net. Scribner's, 1914. Dr. Clark, the Father of Christian 12mo. 50 cents, prepaid. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1914. Endeavor, here describes his own observations and experiences in visit- The Church a Community Force. A ing the "Cities of the Seven Churches Story of the Development of the Comof Asia." The sketches are informing munity Relations of Epworth Memorial and entertaining-a popular help to Church, Cleveland, Ohio. By Worth M. Bible students and those interested in Christian archeology. Tippy. Illustrated. 12mo. 80 pp. 50 cents, prepaid. Missionary Education The Work of Christ. By A. G. Goebelein, D.D. 12mo. 126 pp. 50 cents. "Our Movement, New York, 1914. Hope," 456 Fourth Ave., New York, 1914. Bamboo. Tales of the Orient-Born. By Dr. Goebelein is a forceful Bible- Lyon Sharman. 12mo. 81 pp. $1.00, net. teacher and these studies in the past, Paul Elder & Co., San Francisco, 1914. present and future work of Christ are definite and instructive. Missionaries Sun Children and Moon Children. By T. will find them stimulating. An edition Illustrated. l2mo. 48 pp. Price Is. of 5,000 in Spanish has been printed for free distribution by missionaries-who Church Missionary Society, London, 1914. may secure them without cost by writing The Professor Explains. By J. A. Staunto Dr. Goebelein. ton Batty. Illustrated. 12mo. 88 pp. Two Little Nati..-es in :i. Peanut Shell. Price Is. Church Missionary Society, By Mrs. MottMartin. Pamphlet. 10 cents. Bunkie, Louisiana, 1914. London, 1914. These are human little sketches by a Mary Webb and the ).Iother Society. By Albert L. Vail. 12mo. 110 pp. 50 cents, net. American Baptist Publication So- ciety, Philadelphia, 1914. Ninety-eighth Annual Report of the American Bible Society, 1914. To- gether with a List of Auxiliary Societies, their Officers, and an Appendix. 8vo. 598 pp. American Bible Society, New York, 1914. .

Report of the Commissioner of Educa- hon for the Year E':nded June 30, HH3. Volume II. BYo. 700 pp. Government Printing Press, Washington, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1908

JACOB CHAMBERLAIN, M.D., D.D., LL.D

For ueady fifty years a missionary of the Refol-med (Dutch) Church in India

gMiss{onary CJ?.ev{ew

of the World VOL. XXXI. No. S AUGUST, 1908 VOL. XXI. No.8 Old &ries New Series Published by Funk &: Wagnalls Company, ~-60 E. 23d St., N.Y. I"aa.c K. Funk, Pres., 'A. W. Wagllalls, Vice-Pres. and Treas., RoM. Scott, Sec'y SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE TURMOIL IN PERSIA they have sent to the Duma a memorial, demanding that the Mo- The promis~ of reformation and lib- hammedan representatives take steps erty for Persia which was so bright a to free them from the despotism of year ago has become sadly clouded in their husbands, and give them their the past few months. The Shah has share of the privileges granted by the retreated from his position in favor of Czar to the people. We quote from parliamentary government, free speech this memorial: and liberty, and again demands full powers of absolute dictatorship. On Altho our holy religion declares us free, June 23 the Shah's troops had a some of the ignorant despots, our husbands, bloody encounter with the reformers are oppressing us and force us slavishly to and bombarded the parliament build- submit to their caprices. According to the ing. Teheran and other centers have books of doctrine, women have the right been in a state of anarchy, mobs shout- to learn, to travel, to pray in mosques, ening alternately in favor of the Shah gage in business, become nurses, etc., and in and for the parliament and constitu- Arabia and other countries there have been tion. noted women writers and poets. Now our husbands would forbid us even to study Farther north the Kurds are said our own religion. But we Mohammedan to be raiding Persian villages, and women, Allah be praised! now begin to get Tabriz and Urumia are threatened. education and to understand our holy Even the lives of foreigners are said Chariat (book of doctrine) which did not to be in danger in case hostile forces deprive women of any right. gain control. The chief societies at work are the American Presbyterian Mohammedan deputies, you are required Board of Foreign Missions and the to demand all rights for Mohammedan Church Missionary Society of Eng- women. You must carry through legislaland. It is a time to pray for Persia tion defending us against the arbitrariness and for the faithful missionaries and of these despot husbands, against oppresnative Christians in the forefront of sion and torture. We, mothers of the peothe battle. ple, have in our hands the education and progress of the people, and if our status UPRISING OF MOSLEM WOMEN be not changed, the day will come when the men, too, will become slaves, and then Now even Mohammedan women in the whole Mohammedan world will perish. Russia are beginning to demand their "rights." In the Province The spirit of liberty is abroad in the of Orenborg-famous for shawls- earth; and even the women who have been most excluded from not only participation in public affairs, but knowledge of matters outside· the harem and the seraglio are beginning NEWS FROM ABYSSINIA to assert their claim to mental and moral. Jlersonal and domestic, emanci- A more complete report of the enpation. couraging news reported in our June number now comes from Missionary THE KORAN AGAINST THE BIBLE Cederquist, of the Swedish Evangel- A lion needs not to be defended ical National Society in Eritrea, the against a dog if both are free to fight Italian colony in East Africa, border- in the open. The Bible needs no de- ing on the Red Sea. For a number fense against the Koran and other sa- of months King Menelek of Abyssinia cred books of the East provided that has granted him the privilege of living they are impartially examined. Not and laboring for Christ in the capital long ago in Lagos, vVest Africa, the of his independent kingdom. The novel method was tried of translating British and Foreign Bible Society sent the Koran as well as the Bible into to him three large camel-loads of the Yoruba language of the people in Scriptures in different Abyssinian dia- order that they may examine and com- lects, and since these loads have pare them. The Mohammedans reached Adis Abeba, the capital of strongly obj ected to this profanation Abyssinia, a surprizing change in the of their 'sacred book, but the natives attitude of the people has taken place.

have taken to reading the two books, The children first began to buy Gos- with the result that Islam is losing pels. Then the Abyssinian bishop sent ground and the Christian religion is for some; and finally the king read acknowledged to be superior. several copies, and approved of them.

RAYS OF HOPE IN EGYPT In the edict commanding that the children should attend school the king Two pamphlets, proceeding from decreed: the old Coptic Church, issued a short time ago, sound hopeful to the student In our country learning and wisdom of religious life in Egypt. The one are considered a shame and a disgrace. refers to the religious instruction Therefore knowledge is despised among which is to be given in all government us. But where there is no instruction schools having more than fifteen schol- the churches soon are closed, and when the churches are closed Christians are ars. There are to be five hours of no longer to be found. Let now your religious instruction every week, of sons and d:mghters, which are more than which three are to be given to the study seven years of age, attend the school; of the Bible, one to the study of the- otherwise the king will confiscate your inheritance and not permit your children ology, and one to the study of the to inherit it. I am able to furnish board Coptic language. The second pam- and wages for the teacher.

phlet, more interesting still, contains Missionary. Cederquist hopes that an appeal for the founding of an much good will be done by this edict, Egyptian branch of the British and which was publicly read upon the mar- Foreign Bible Society. It is published ket-place of Adis Abeba. He says that by a number of young Copts, who con- henceforth monks and priests and ru- ceived the plan and worked it out lers can not say that the king is op- without the help of the Protestant posed to the attending of schools, and missionaries. that pupils will be incarcerated and

8 ] SIGNS OF THE

punished with confiscation of their Gospel is rapidly conquering heathen- property. It will now be difficult to ism in Togoland.

keep the people from buying Christian THE OPPORTUNITY IN TIBET books, because there are no other There are said to be still about books from which they can learn to twenty unoccupied mission fields in read in the schools. In the beginning the world to-day; that is, countries or the people bought only the Gospel ac- large areas where there are no resicording to J olm, but now all four Gos- dent Protestant missionaries at work pels are in popular demand. giving the Gospel of Christ to the PROGRESS IN GERMAN WEST AFRICA people.

Between the Gold 'Coast Colony and One of these largest unoccupied Dahomey, in West Africa, is situated fields is Tibet, with its 7,000,000 the German colony of Togoland. Its souls. Tho nominally a part of the 35,000 square miles are inhabited by Chinese Empire, the people have sep- almost one million of negroes, of arate languages and customs and laws whom nine-tenths are fetish worship- and religion. The land is not yet ers. Two Protestant societies are "open" to missionaries, but each year bringing the Gospel to these benighted new tribes on the border have been heathen, the Wesleyan Methodist So- reached, so that now, according to ciety of London and the North Ger- John L. Muir, of Kuan Hsien, West man Society of Bremen. The latter China, the China Inland Missionaries furnishes in its annual report for 1907 occupy an area of Tibetan territory some figures which strikingly illustrate of about 50,000 square miles. More the rapid progress of the Gospel at men are needed for this work.

the present time. In 1855, after eight Batang and other centers are years of faithful labor, the mission- eighteen clays or more distant from aries had the joy of having baptized the nearest China stations. Strong the first seven heathen in Togolancl. men are needed-men able and willing After twenty-five years of missionary to endure hardships.

effort the number of native Christians Important centers are waiting to be had increased to ninety-three, and occupied, and while Tibet is not yet after fifty years of consecrated service open Tibetans may be won to Christ.

to the Master the native congregations When the English expedition un- in thirty places numbered 2,040 mem- der Colonel Younghusband made its bers, while 969 pupils received Chris- -way into the city of Lhasa, it was con- tian instruction in thirty-eight mis- sidered an achievement in the way of sionary schools. Now, at the close of opening what had hitherto been known the sixtieth year of the existence of as the forbidden land. A more im- the North German Society, the mem- portant invasion of this exclusive bers of the Christian congregations, country is to be made by the Empress settled in 121 places, number 6,143, or of China, who has ordered a telegraph three times as many as ten years ago, line to be constructed to Lhasa. It is while the pupils of the 126 missionary reported that schools and hospitals are schools have increased to 4,506, of to be established in the city. Not the whom 3,044 are heathen. Surely, the least surprizing in all these invasions

is the permission granted to publish a THE HOPEFUL OUTLOOK IN JAPAN newspaper in Lhasa. When the seclu- sion of the Lamas is removed it will Speaking before the Baptist Mis- have lost its strength. It is remark- sionary Union at its recent annual able that the pagan sovereign who has meeting, Rev. William Axling, of Ja- so long stood in the way of progress pan, said that "Possibility is written in China should in these latter days be in luminous letters over the entire ema voluntary instrument in opening the pire. The government itself has way for the progress of the kingdom changed front; it is now openly friendin Tibet. ly to Christian missions. Thirty-five years ago death to the Christian; to- A MOVEMENT TOWARD UNION IN day, generous sul!iscription to Chris- CHINA tian enterprise by the Emperor from his personal purse. The hold which At a missionary conference held at Christianity has upon the land is Chengtu, in West China, attended by mighty. It is a triumphant force. In representatives of all the societies the churches of Japan, in pulpit and working in western China, and, there- pew, are men the peers of the Chrisfore, interdenominational in character, tians of. America. In the parliament, the vital question of church union was Christians have four times their prodiscust. The Centenary Conference portional number. Five of the leading had favored the plan of working to- dailies of Tokyo are edited by Chrisward church unity throughout China, tians. Men like Count Okuma, the and the members of the Chengtu con- greatest private citizen of the -empire, ference felt that they were under obli- advise young men to study the life of gation to put the plan, so far as pos- Jesus and to follow him. sible, into practical effect. After full discussion, it was decided that the time RELIGIOUS LIBERTY FOR PORTUGAL had not yet come for a full recognition of denominational union. At the A remarkable trial, which took place same time, it was unanimously con- in Portugal, was recently reported in cluded that one important step toward the Mission World as having resulted that end might be at once reached; most satisfactorily for religious libnamely, the agreement that the mem- erty. The Roman Catholic enemies of bers of the conference would, there- Bible circulation in that country were after, receive as members in their very anxious to stop the work of a colchurches in case of transfer the porteur of the British and Foreign members of all sister churches. This Bible Society. They therefore charged custom has never before been univer- him, at Elvas, with the "crime" of sellsal in western China, and its being ing Bibles, which was described asput into practise marks a far-onward "acting in a way prejudicial to the step toward such church unity in religion of the State." The judges of China at large as may be rightfully the Appeal Court have acquitted the desired. In addition to the above, the defendant, and decided that his action conference appointed a "standing com- did not "constitute the crime of disremittee on church union," which is to spect to the State religion." The deconsider further advance-steps and to cision also says:_ "The permission for report at the next meeting. the exercise of the Protestant religion

SIGNS OF THE

in this country is accorded in the Con- headed by M. Henri Des Houx, one stitutional Charter; and the prohibi- of the editors of Le M atin. A begintion also contained therein against ning has been made in Paris for prosecution for religious reasons." founding a French Catholic Apostolic Church and we will watch the outcome A SPIRITUAL REVOLUTION IN with interest. FRANCE The French Revolution of 1789 was RACIAL DECLINE IN FRANCE for political freedom. To-day there is in progress a still more important rev- "The birth statistics for 1907 m olution for religious and spiritual free- France shows a further decrease. In dom. As there was danger in the .a century, the rate has fallen from former case lest the desire for liberty I,007,o00 to 774,000 a year. The reshoulcllead to anarchy, so there is dan- duction last year was 33,000. The ger to-day lest dissatisfaction with average decrease for seven years has ecClesiastical control should lead to in- been 12,800. The deaths in 1907 tofidelity. There is needofwiseheads and taled 793,o0Q–I9,000 more than Godly spirits to guide the movement births." away from papal control that is now stirring the Church of Rome. Many Such a paragraph as the above most prominent Catholics have rebelled readers glance at without a thought against the Pope and his servants, but that it records one of the most signifiare more true than ever to Gml. cant and alarming facts of our day. Thinking men in France have seen the Here is a country that is being gradweaknesses of the papacy, and know ually withdrawn from the map of that the day of absolutism in the Europe by simply the excess of deaths Church is passing so far as it relates over births. For many years the anto the dictates of a human leader. nual statistics, so far as procurable, Vhether the Roman Catholic Church have shown that there is a large percan be revivified and purified and re- centage of steady decrease from this formed to meet the requirements of cause alone. God and the needs of man we do not know-we wish that it could be done. From 1866 to 1872 there was a de- But the French are more and more cline of nearly 2,000,000, but about waking up to the need of reality in 1,600,000 of this was due to the loss religion. The people compare the of territory, and about 200,000 to war papacy with the simple Gospel as and its attendant evils. But since 1888 preached by reformers. Socialists de- -for the past twenty years-there has nounce Rome but exalt Christ's teach- been a growing disproportion between ings, many -wish to remain Catholics births and deaths. While in Britain, but demand that the confessional, pur- Germany and the United States the gatory, indulgences, neglects of the births exceed the deaths and so these Bible and the worship of Mary, saints nations grow, in France, and some and images and relics be abolished. other European nations the reverse is true; and so these nations are more There is an interesting movement or less rapidly disappearing from hiswithin the French Catholic Church, tory, as families do under similar cir- cumstances. The population of France decreases by about aile two thousandth

part yearl}', if statisticians are to be form of a straightforward business trusted. This may be accounted a proposition. The following is the way slow rate of decrease, but it must be that the secretary, J. Campbell White, remembered that, as other nations recently set the urgent matter of the grow by a much larger percentage, world's evangelization before the Gen- this means, practically and relatively, eral Synod of the German Reformed an entire reversal of conditions. Na- Church.

tions that at the time of the Reforma- The unevang~lizecl portion of the tion were the dominant factors in human family number about a billion history, are to-day comparatively in- souls, half of whom, or soo,OOO,OClJ, be- significant, while others then inferior' long to the Protestant Christians of have become the masters of the world. America (United States and Canada) In Spain for example, from I500-170o, to evangelize, leaving the others to be there was a gradual decrease of from cared for by the Protestants of Eu- two million to three million inhabi- rope and Australia. It is estimated tants. that one missionary (man, or unmar- ried woman), with native helpers of In the case of France, the de- all kinds assisting, can care for 25,000. crease in number of births is undoubt- We now have about 6,000 missionaries edly owing to the perversion of the in the field, which number .needs to be sexual relations. There has been for raised to 20,000 as soon as possible. a long time a growing tendency to sub- To sustain this force (native helpers stitute a freer relation of the sexes included) $2,000 a year for each misthan is possible in legitimate wedlock; sionary would be required, or a total and a deliberate avoidance of off- of $40,000,000, instead of the $10,- spring; so that while death never 000,000 which our churches are now abates his demand for victims, nature giving. is robbed of her supplies, and so the demand constantly exceeds the re- Is this task beyond the ability of cuperative energy of the nation. What the 20,000,000 membership of our an illustration of the fact that all de- churches? For our home work in bepartures from God's order, or trifling half of the 50,080,000 outside the with its laws, bring disaster and churches we are giving at the rate of destruction. It is lamentable that $200,000,000 a year, or five times as similar practises are slowly obtaining 111uch as for the ten times' as many to in nations like Britain and the United whom the Gospel message has never States, hitherto most prominent for been carried. The sum required would comparative fertility. be secured if each Protestant church- MISSIONS FROM THE LAYMAN'S member would only contribute at the VIEW.POINT rate of $2.00 per annum, or at the rate of a little less than fotlr cents per As' might have been expected, the week! Nor ought it to be deemed Laymen's Movement is characterized impossible or unreasonable to under- less by sentiment, emotion, fervent ap- take in dead earnest to secure the 20,- peal, than by the stating of plain facts 000 missionaries required, since our in a forcible way, and by reducing the ministers for the home work number substance of duty and privilege to the some I30,000 !

I90S ] HOW CHRIST CAME TO

RIVER SCENE IN THE MIDST OF HAPPY VALLEYJ KASHMIR HOW CHRIST CAME TO KASHMIR BY MISS A. :MARGUERITE WILLIAMS, LONDON Far away, in the midst of the Abode upon the lonely plateaux in search of of Snow, lies Kashmir, the Happy ibex or yak. Val1ey-a land of snowy mountains and flower-filled valleys, of mirror- The great figures that occupy the like lakes and fragrant woods, of foremost place in the history of the beautiful gardens and ancient shrines. British India of nearly half a century ago are those of men who were not Half a century ago the Happy Val- only great statesmen and great solley had not been visited by the tourist. diers, but who openly avowed them- The poet sang its praises. The his- selves servants of the Most High God torian wrote of its ancient civilization, and formed their lives by the precepts more ancient than that of Britain, and laid down in His Word, In the counof its religious history, some hundreds try lying south of the Happy Valleyof years older than the history of the Punjab-men who had fought fO[" Christendom. The traveler wandered their Queen were also fighting for along its rough roads, amply compen- their Lord, Soldiers who had helped sated for alI the discomforts of tlle to win the land for their sovereign primitive bungalows by the beauty and longed to conquer it for Christ. Officharm of the eve'r-changing scene, and cers and civilians were stnvmg for the sportsman roamed with his rifle the extension of mission work in 1n-

dia. In the Punjab some of the mists terraces, or beautiful chenars made a of superstition had been pierced hy shady camping-ground. The lake the rising sun of righteousness; but itself was a garden, so covered was it that Light had not yet penetrated the with the pink flowers of the waterdarkness of the Happy Valley. The lilies in their setting of velvety leaves. great mountains of the Himalayas By the water's edge gray wagtails ran stretched between the Punjab and about, pecking at insects. Tame king- Kashmir, and their snow-clad heights fishers perched on the bank close ~o separated very definitely the people of the people, or darted up and down the the valley from the Punjabis. The lake after their prey, their brilliant ancient religions of the Kashmiris re- blue and red plumage flashing in the mained uninfluenced by Christianity. sunlight. Yellow-breasted nightin- The shining pinnacles of Hindu tem- gales flew in and out the tent, pickples and the lofty turrets of Moham- ing up grains of rice and stray' medan mosques stood unchallenged by crumbs, and orioles with golden-yelany Christian Church bearing aloft low plumage sang among the blossomthe symbol of the Cross. The voices laden trees. that told of Mohammed or Siva were unopposed by any raised in the name The Englishman's thoughts were of Christ. The Maharajah was de- absorbed by the people before him. termined to have no missionaries in His was a noble countenance, bearing his dominions; so from the Happy upon it the stamp of a pure soul. Tall, Valley the Light was shut out. thin and powerful, with rugged deep- lined features and keen eyes "under But a power against which the brows of dauntless courage," he strength of the Maharajah was as looked what he was-a ruler of men. weakness was put into operation, and the desire of men was linked on tel Around him stood a company of the forces of eternity. Twelve men men and women from a near village. formed a praying league, and in due Graceful, olive-skinned women, on time their prayer prevailed. One of their way to market, had stopt with their number was appointed adviser their garden produce to see the white to the Maharajah, and so the first step man whom they all respected, and toward the goal was taken. they stood listening to him, their lus- trous eyes shining, unconscious of the The Commissioner stood at the door fact that the chaddars which covered of his tent in his simple Anglo-Indian their heads were dirty and draggled. costume, talking with a company of Among them were tall, strong, handnatives from the village. The tent some men-whose features bore signs was pitched near the bank of the of few manly or moral qualitieslovely Kashmir lake, beneath poplars children of a people inured to oppresand pear-trees. sion for generations, Swarthy little children looked up at the white man It was a beautiful situation. Beyond with wondering awe, and among the the clear, green water the snow-capped crowd a munshi stood attentive, He mountains rose several thousand feet was an old man, with deep-set eyes, and stretched for a hundred miles and thoughtful, refined face; his neatalong the horizon. Upward from the ly trimmed beard and clean white garlake the blossoming orchards grew in

o8] HOW CHRIST CAME TO

ments contrasted favorably with the was heavier than failure; for this careless, dirty attire of the younger statesman's ideal was as yet but a men. The munshi had a great respect vision: India-Kashmir-for Christ. for learning and reverence for the classic lore. The Englishman was THE SHAH RAMADAN MOSQUE, SRI NAGAR talking of the weather and crops, yet behind the munshi's thoughtful eyes As he talked a messenger arrived, there lurked unuttered questions con- and after a moment an old native atcerning deeper things. tendant appeared. The old man wore a large, loose coat, fastened by a belt The Commissioner talked with the round the waist. His eyes, set deep in natives, discussing their agricultural the olive-skinned face , gleamed with labors, listening to their stories, learn- kindly reverence. He handed a letter ing to understand them even as they to his master, then salaamed and withwere growing to respect him. He clrew. loved this downtrodden race. He was a great man, but he was a greater The Commissioner read the lette:-, Christian. He lived for this people. then his keen eyes flashed over the He knew that beneath the picturesque exterior was often wretchedness unutterable and dark places of cruelty.

The Kashmiri had been opprest for generations. One race after another, attracted by the wonderful fertility and beauty of the land, had conquered its people and despoiled its shrines. They had been, too, in their ignorance, again and again the victims of famine and plague, and the Commissioner, looking at them and realizing their need, felt the burden of a success that A V1EW FROM THE SCHOOL VERANDA IN S]USAGAR. KASHMIR

little group before him. They rested The landing-stages along the banks on a dark, handsome Kashmiri, in were filled with men and women: the whose face was a deeper thoughtful- men lounging idly about; the women ness and a keener intelligence than busy disposing of the garden produce marked many of his uneducated broth- they had brought to the market, or ers. This man had been with the washing their little brown babies.

Commissioner. He had learned of Along the bank frail wooden houses, him the way of Christ; now he should four or five stories high, stood irreg- go to the court where Christ was not ularly, with carved balconies and known. pretty lattice-work windows, and gay The Englishman spoke in his clear. irregular gardens. And beyond the concise tones: busy market, the frail houses, the "The Maharajah wants an educated squalor and dirt, rose the everlasting native. Pramnath, will you go?" hills, their summits d;lzzling white, "Yes, sahib." their lower slopes tree-clad and dark.

"When?" The river was lively with traffic.

"To-morrow." The royal barge had borne the Ma- "So be it." harajah to the palace but a short time At a sign from his master the dark before, and the accompanying boats attendant brought papers and pen. with their dome-shaped canopies still The Commissioner wrote; then he lay in the river.

handed the paper to Pramnath. When Pramnath arrived the Ma- "I appoint you secretary to the harajah was holding a Durbar to de- Maharajah of Kashmir at the salary termine the coinage. Pramnath made of 600 rupees per mensem." his bow. then took his place quietly So another Christian entered the behind the native chiefs and princes.

court of the Maharajah, another step It was a brilliant throng amid was taken toward the goal. which Pramnath found himself.

The boat in which Pramnath sat Princes were there, in white and yel- plied its slow way up the river to the low and lavender, their gorgeous capital. Pramnath's thoughts were dresses decked with priceless jewel,.

with the work that lay before him. But the newcomer's interest was ab- He was to be secretary to the Mahara- sorbed by the central figure-the man jah, yet beyond all other aspirations he whose prohibition had meant so mu(~h had a vision of the Englishman's ideal to those who burned to press for- – Kashmir for Christ. ward.

He had often traveled on the broad In the midst of the people the Ma- river spanned by its seven quaint harajah stood-simple and princely– bridges. He was too used to the in his dress of plain white muslin. On stench which rose from its waters to his dark head he wore a magnificent heed it, as a stranger would have silk turban trimmed with gold lace, in done, and the dirt and squalor of pic- which flashed one brilliant jewel.

turesque Srinagar-the City of the Pramnath watched the scene with Sun-was no revelation to him. The interest, expecting to take no part many scenes, so fascinating to a in it. Suddenly the Maharajah held a Britisher, seemed to the native almost coin toward his new secretary and l;ommonplace. ;lsked;

CHRIST CAME TO KASHMIR 57

"Can you suggest a new device for Kashmir for Christ-was just one step our rupee?" nearer.

Pramnath took the coin, and a The narrow streets of Jammu were vision of a book he had seen in the thronged with men of a dozen differ- Commissioner's tent came to him, ent tribes. They had left their wares -the wares for which they had lately "There are three signs that the Eng- found so good a market-and their lish reverence," he said, bowing low, shrill voices were raised in dissatisfied "and owing to this reverence they have their power."

IN THE MOUNTAINS OF KASHMIR "What are they?" asked the prince. protest. For the past three months Pramnath looked at the coin in his three hundred of the English sahibs hand, then he scratched upon it- had been living in Kashmir. The Ma- I. H. S.-and handed it back to the harajah had welcomed them to the Maharajah. valley which had proved such an at- The prince looked at the signs. tractive health resort, but he had stip- "So be it," he said. ulated that there should be no preach- So the superscription of the King ers. But those three months had of Kings was placed upon the Kash- produced effects which the Maharajah miri rupee, and His sign was in the had not foreseen. The presence of the hands of a people who as yet knew English sahibs had increased the Him not. And the longed-for goal- wealth of the Kashmiris, Their trin-

kets and bead work; their beautiful care about their trade. The English embroideries, which were chiefly the sahibs should not be forbidden. The work of the men; their metal work people-desperate with the idea ,)f and papier-mache, had all found a good what they might lose-surrounded the market, and now the Kashmiris were palace and made known their wants. protesting loudly against their departure. True, the Maharajah had written And the voice of the people prea letter to the Commissioner asking vailed. that the English sahibs might stay, but now he would not accept the The longed-for goal was another terms of the white man. The Com- step nearer.

As soon as the decree was made A KASHMIR HOUSE-BOAT lissioner said: "Five hundred sahibs known, three mIssIonaries set out on should come in the place of those who the long march to the capital. It was were leaving, if three preachers-with a rough journey, but they had no power to missionize-might accom- thoughts for the hardness of the way. pany them. But the Maharajah said They passed through narrow ravines, no. And so work was stopt while the where palms and bananas grew; up people clustered together to talk over steep hillsides where climbing was diftheir wrongs. ficult; through scented pine forests which clothed the farther hills, and Women beautiful in form and fea- onwards toward the mountains gleamture, erect soldierly men and winsome ing white against the sky. children, all formed part of the gay crowd that thronged the narrow At last they reached Srinagar, anu streets of the quaint Oriental town. there a crowd came to meet them Elephants stood patiently waiting for -Mohammedans, Hindus, Santals. their riders and by the side of the road Handsome olive-skinned natives of an old camel dozed in the sunshine. Kashmir, Sikhs, Dogras, Bengali~, Tibetans, Afghans and Punjabis. A By degrees the crowd moved on- few rich; many poor. Intelligent ami ward to the palace. They did not dull; humble and proud. Kashmir care about missionaries; but they did

OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA

women with their water jars and their it, as, holding a rupee in his hand so babies. Hindu women in green and that all might see, he began: scarlet and violet. Mussulmans in somber and very dirty dresses; "Ye men of Kashmir, your own Hindu pnndits in clean white gar- Maharajah has by his coin proclaimed ments. An evil-looking guru; a our news. See these signs. Jesus, the noble-looking pir. Savior of men."

The men who for so long had And beginning with that sign he prayed for these people were allowed preached unto them-Jesus. to speak to them at last. Their leader looked upon them with a great ten- So instead of three missionaries derness. The goal-Kashmir for there were many, for each Kashmiri Christ-was surely not quite out of who had a rupee became a missionary sight. as he went back full of the story to his native village; and in a very short His magnificent voice broke across time the valleys of Kashmir had the murmur of many voices and stilled heard of Jesus, the Savior of men.

IESUS HOMINUM SALVATOR.

NON-CHRISTIAN HINDU TESTIMONY TO THE PROGRESS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA * BY JACOB CHAMBERLAIN, M.D., D.D., LL.D.

The last ce115ns of India, taken by census number of Christians at presthe government with scrupulous care ent. But they are not increasing rapin 1901, revealed the fact that there idly, while the Protestant or Evangeliwere already in India very nearly 3,- cal Christian community is increasing 000,000 natives of India who did not by leaps and bounds. hesitate to euroll themselves as Christians. During the six years that have The former Roman Catholic Vicar since elapsed the accessions of Hindus Apostolic of Madras, who was himby conversion have been very large, so self a very godly man, in a long and that at the present time no intelligent a very friendly conversation which I person in India will question the state- had with him many years ago, in rement that there are now in India well sponse to my question as to how many over 3,000,00:) native Christians. Christians he had under his supervi- sion in the Presidency of Madras, said, I t is true that this includes the small very sadly, "Our Year-book says six "old Syrian Christian Church" on the hundred thousancl. But, you know, western coast in Travancore, whom Dr. Chamberlain, just as well as I clo we do not reckon as Evangelical, and that a vast number of these are Christhe very large number of adherents tians only in name. Our early misof the Roman Catholic Church, scat- sionaries, as you are aware, gathered in tered all over India, tho more largely in crowds, scores of thousands of the in the Madras Presidency. These to- fisherman castes along the coast, and, gether do doubtless include considera- as we now think, without due instrucbly more than one-half of the total tion, baptized them and incorporated * A chapter from the last volume from the pen of Dr. Chamberlain, "The Kingdom in India," pub- lished by Fleming H. Revell Co.

them into our Church, and they and lieve will erelong conquer all India for their descendants now constitute a Christ. very considerable portion of our Church in the peninsula of India. I speak here only of Hinduism among the religions of India, not giv- "They loyally attend all festivals ing attention to Mohammedanism or and special services and ceremonies of Buddhism, for we in the Madras Presour Church, and come to Mass, and idency come very little into contact bring their numerous chHdren to us with these. The census tells us that for baptism, and by the rules of our the Mohammedans number only about Church we can not refuse to baptize six per cent of the population in this their children unless we first excom- Presidency, and we of the Arcot Mismunicate them; but I grieve to say sion and most of other Evangelical that the majority of them are not at missions deem it wise to give ourselves all satisfactory Christians, and we are to the ninety-four per cent of Hindus at our wit's end to know what to do rather than to the six per cent of Mowith them. The number of mission- hammedans, reaching the latter only as aries of our Church sent to India in we can through the vernaculars of these days is not at all sufficient to districts where we work, which the fairly instruct all our nominal mem- Mohammedans of those districts usubers and their children in the Chris- ally know almost as well as their own tian faith as we receive it, and we Hindustani. We are able thus to do are not much more than holding our a little something for the small per own. I grieve to admit it, but you cent of Moslems tho not working speknow that this is the fact." cifically for them. I have thus myself baptized four Moslems who were Our mission and other earnest reached by our itinerating work for Evangelical missions in the Madras the Telugus, and through the Telugu Presidency have gathered in thousands language, which they knew about :-lS of these Roman Catholic Christians well as their own. among our converts. We find them making, usually, a higher class of I have not, therefore, spoken here of Christians in the first generation than work among the Moslems, deeming the converts fresh from Hin'duism, for that it would be presumption on my they do have many of the essentials part to do so, when there are so many of Christianity well drilled into them and so able missionaries in North Inbefore coming to us, and we have less dia who are specifically devoted to of error and superstition and false be- them and who can speak with authorliefs to overcome than in the case of ity on that subject. rank Hindus. Buddhists are found in large num- While, however, the Roman Catho- bers in the native state of Bhutan, and lics do still number more than the in Sikkim and Nepal in the Himalayas, Protestant or Evangelical Christians, but practically there are none in India the proportion is constantly changing, proper; that is, in India south of the and Evangelical Christianity is that Himalayas. I do not know of one that is now making such vast inroads Buddhist in the Madras Presidency; into Hinduism, and which we fully be- so I do not speak of then:. This sum-

OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA

mary, therefore, as will be seen, has their kingdom, they, the people of the to do only with the Hindus and their invaded kingdom, would be better off salvation and the problems that con- than under their old regime, and to front us in working for them-that is, have brought thousands of the enemy for the 250 millions of Hindus, leav- to be secretly ready to desert their ing the 50 millions or thereabouts of ranks and join those of the invaders; Mohammedans and lesser religions to This, if true, is a "real gain" of incalbe treated of by those who are specific- culable importance. ally working for them. That all this has been accomplished But to return to the census; this in- and is another item in the "Actual dicates, as declared by census experts Progress" of the campaign will be in India, that a mighty gain has taken shown from the voluntary testimony place in each of the last four decades of many of our as yet enrolled oppoin the number of native Evangelical nents of all ranks and conditions. Christians, and distinctly points to the conversion of all India within this No apology is offered for here recentury, if the Church does its duty, producing in brief and gathering into and even the present ratio of increase a symposium many bits of testimony is kept up. heretofore adduced by others and com- bining them with other testimony, thus The gathering of more than one presenting it all as one convincing million Hindus into the Evangelical whole, even as a pleader before a jury Churches of Christ in India may then recalls and impresses salient bits of be set down as the first item of the the testimony given by many witnesses "Actual Progress" of the campaign. during the previous days of a pro- longed trial. But to one who opens his eyes many other items of "Actual Progress" are Let us, then, scan a few of the distinctly visible. admissions and unwilling testimonies of our opponents out of the multitudes In a campaign for conquering a that might be adduced on each of the kingdom, to have caused the enemy to points mentioned above. evacuate forts and strongholds, even if they be not at once fully occupied That the mass of intelligent Hindus by the invading army, is a real gain. have absolutely lost faith in their long- To have caused the enemy to lose time leaders, the Brahman priesthood, faith in their long-time leaders, their and in Hinduism itself, is plainly eviofficers; to have caused them to form a dent from such admissions as these, all very high opinion of the skill, ability, from orthodox Hindu sources. and prowess of the commander-inchief and officers of the invading army, The Hindu, the organ of orthodox and of the zeal, devotion, loyalty, and Hinduism in Madras, says in an ediintelligence of the rank and file of that torial: army; to have produced a conviction in the minds of the hosts of the enemy Profoundly ignorant as a class, and inof the honor, nobility, and goodness of finitely selfish, the Brahman priesthood the commander and officers of the in- is the mainstay of every unholy and vading host, a conviction that if they, cruel custom and superstition, from the the invaders succeeded in establishing wretched dancing-girl who insults the Deity by her existence, to the pining child widow. whose every tear, and every hair of whose head, shall stand up

against everyone of us who tolerates it Europe and America as King and Guide on the day of judgment. and Teacher. We, too, owe everything to Christianity. Of the endowed temples and shrines The Hindu says in another issue: Keshab Chunder Sen said years ago: The vast majority of these endowments are corrupt to the core. They arC The spirit of Christianity has already a festering mass of crime and vice and pervaded the whole atmosphere of Ingigantic swindling. dian society.

The Indian Nation, of Calcutta, That our intelligent opponents are says: convinced of the superiority of the rank and file of the Christian army The pure undefiled Hinduism which as compared with their own forces Swami Vivekananda preached in Chicago is voiced freely by many. has no existence to-day; it has had no existence for centuries. A Brahman subordinate judge, in response to his superior who had, in The Reis and RaJ'J'et, also of Cal- reviewing a written decision of his cutta, says: in which the testimony of a goodly number of Hindus was for the plain- Abomination worship is the chief in- tiff, and only one, a Christian, testigredient of modern Hinduism. fied for the defendant, asked him, "Why did you render your decision Swami Vivekananda himself said in for the defendant with only one an address to his coreligionists in witness in his favor? The Brahman Madras, as reported in the papers: judge quietly replied, "Because, sir, We are lazy, we will not work, we can not combine, we are immensely selfish; not three of us can come together.

without being jealous of each other; we the witness for the defendant was a have lost faith; we are a hopelessly dis- Christian, and I believed he told the organized mass; our great cities are the truth, while all the witnesses for the homes of the most rotten superstitions plaintiff were Hindus, and I believed in the world. that they were all hired to perjure themselves." The exalted opinion of the commander-in-chief of the invading army, A Brahman priest of an adjacent Jesus Christ, held by multitudes who Hindu temple, in a private interview, are still themselves in the opposing voluntarily told me of his admiration army is thus voiced in The Indian So- of the changed character of the peocial Reformer: ple of a village of his former wor- ~hipers who had come over to Chri~­ We concede that Jesus Christ is one tianity only one year before and asked of the most perfect, the noblest of men. We read the Bible and listen awestruck to the Sermon on the Mount and pass me confidentially: on to the soul-stirring sacrifice on Calvary. Sir, what is it that makes your Veda have such an uplifting power over the Another orthodox Hindu, in an ad- daily lives of those who embrace it? Our dress to his fellow Hindus, recently Vedas have no such power.

said: That enough to form regiments How can we be blind to the greatness, have recently deserted from their the unrivaled splendor of Jesus Christ: ranks and enlisted under the banner behind the British Empire and all the of the Cross, and that thousands more European powers lies the single great are ready thus to desert, is despairpersonality of Jesus Christ. He lives in

OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA

ingly admitted by the most intelligent which all Evangelical missionaries look and watchful of our antagonists. upon with greatest of joy and hope.

The Hindu Tract Society, organized Of the mass of testimony from our specifically to antagonize 'Christianity, opponents at hand and which might in a Tamil Tract prepared to arouse be adduced voicing their conviction of Hindus to sharper opposition but not the inevitable spread over all India of designed for Christian eye;; says: the religion of Jesus Christ, I propose here to reproduce but one more brief How many thousands of thousands have and pointed extract: these missionaries turned to Christianity? On how many more have they cast their Venkayya, a learned Brahman, who net? If we sleep as heretofore, in a had read much of the Bible in three short time they wiIl turn all to Christianity languages, and the whole New Testa- and our temples will be changed into ment in Telugu several times, but who churches. Do you not know that the still outwardly adhered to Hinduism, number of the Christians is increasing himself gave to a packed audience of and the number of Hindu religionists his fellow religionists, in my hearing; decreasing every day? How long will a unique address on the power of the water remain in a reservoir which con- Christian's Bible, which closed as fol- tinually lets out but receives none in? lows: Let all the people join as one man to banish Christianity from our lands. Of one thing I am convinced, do what you will, oppose it as we may, it is the It is not by any means from the Christian's Bible which will sooner or lower classes alone that the recruits later work the renovation or regeneration for the Christian army in India come, of this land. tho the "Mass Movements" toward Christianity have as yet usually been With these notable admissions of from the lower classes; but hundreds many of our most intelligent oppoof individual cases from the highest nents, and with the explicit testimonies castes and classes have come over in as to the progress and prospects of all parts of India, of men of position the missionary work in India volunand influence, and many of them have tarily given by many independent and already become leaders in Immanuel's long-observant non-llllsslOnary witadvancing army. These are too nu- nesses in India, including many govmerous to be mentioned by name here, ernors and other high officials, we but a worthy example is found in Raja missionaries on the field think that we Sir Harnam Singh, K.C.S.I., of the have the right to be profoundly thank- Punjab, who is now the president of ful for the wonderful progress already the lately formed National Missionary made and joyously confident of the not Society of India, a society organized so very distant outcome, if the Church last year of the leading Hindu Chris- of Christ but does its duty; and so tians in all the presidencies and of all viewirig it, we challenge Christ's loyal the churches to press the missionary followers in all Christian lands to work in areas yet unoccupied with na- hasten on with the needed reenforcetive missionaries, supported by native ments and supplies and help us, and money, managed by native leaders, in with God's covenanted aid within this an interdenominational effort to push century the kingdom in India shall on the standard of the Cross to In- really become "The Kingdom of Our dia's remotest bounds; a movement Lord Jesus Christ."

CHAMBERLAIN AND HIS WORK FOR lNDIA *

BY REV. HJo:NRY N. COBB, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America Jacob Chamberlain was born in Hudson, Ohio, where the Western Re- Sharon, Conn., on April r3, r835· serve College, now University, offered Both his father's and mother's ances- special advantages for the education of tors came over to join the Massachu- their children. Their house became a setts Colony of the Pilgrims about missionaries' home, in which the chil- r650-r670. Among their descendants dren breathed a missionary atmoseighteen were ministers or ministers' phere. wives. His father, Jacob Chamberlain, "a county surveyor, justice of the The will of God for Jacob Chamberpeace and well-to-do farmer, belonged lain's life work seemed revealed through to a family of religious men, church a succession of remarkable accidents, deacons and leading men in local af- anyone of which might easily have fairs." He is described by his son proved fatal, and which seemed to Jacob as "a man of strong faith and unfit him for a farmer's life, for which active Christian character, a consistent his father had intended him. At the member of the Church for seventy age of fourteen, while preparing for years, thirty-one in Sharon and thirty- college at the Lodi Academy, Mich., nine at Hudson, Ohio. He was always of which his maternal uncle, Prof. one of the active working members Rufus Nutting, was principal, being and, according to his means, one of then crippled by these accidents, the the most liberal supporters of the Gos- question forced itself upon him, "What pel at home and abroad. He died in does God mean by these accidents and r878, at the age of eighty-six." escapes? What would He have me do?" He prayed over it and received His mother, Anna Nutting Cham- the answer: "Be a missionary." He berlain, belonged to a family which thought of the sister and her affianced for several generations, down to the husband who were to be missionaries present time, has furnished many in- to India, but had died; his heart cried ventors, teachers, lawyers, college pro- out, "Here am I, send me." No adefessors, ministers and missionaries. quate explanation of the missionary, She was a woman of earnest faith, Jacob Chamberlain, can leave out of deep piety and much prayer, and in- account the devoted Christian mother tensely interested in missions. If of whom Dr. Chamberlain writes in there be any benefit in godly ancestry the MrSSIONARY REVIEW for May. and parentage, that benefit was richly his. The way was finally made clear for him to prepare for missionary service, In r838 his parents removed to and from that time nothing could * From the introduction to Dr. Chamberlain's last book: "The Kingdom in India." Fleming H. Revell Co.

A modern missionary giant passed away in lIarch when Dr. Jacob Chamberlain, of the Areot J1ission, laid down his work. Vhether regarded as a preacher or physician, an author or organizer, a worker in missions or an advocate of missions, he ranked among the leaders of the mission host, and spent about half a century in serving the Tamil and Telugu peoples of Southern India. We have seldom heard any missionary speak whose tongue burned with such genuine fire. He was a warm advocate of church union and did much to eliminate sectarian controversy and emphasize the vital bond of sympa- thy.-EDITORS. change his purpose. To its realization attested by his remarkable success in his studies were directed and every medicine and surgery in his chosen energy was bent. In 185 I he entered field of labor. Western Reserve College, but in his crippled condition the pressure proved Another preparation for the work too great and for one year, broken that lay before him was in his service down in health from overstudy, he re- as colporteur, which brought him into mained at home working on the farm. contact with "all sorts and conditions His health regained he returned to of men." For three summers he lathe college, where he was graduated, bored in Ohio and Illinois for the valedictorian of his class, in 1856. American Tract Society and the Pres- byterian Board of Publication. After He entered Union Seminary, New his ordination, which took place in the York, and connected himself with the Marble Collegiate Church on Fifth Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church, avenue and Twenty-ninth street, New and later entered the seminary at New York, in May, 1859, he was assigned Brunswick, New Jersey, whence he by the Board of Foreign Missions to was graduated in 1859. Already, in labor in the Reformed Churches in 1858, he had applied to the Board of the Western Synod of Chicago. It is' Foreign Missions of the Reformed easy to imagine how this varied serv- Protestant (Dutch) Church, as it was ice must have developed in him that then called (now known as the Re- rare faculty of meeting men,· answerformed Church in America), for ap- ing their arguments and objections pointment as a missionary to India. and pressing home upon them the truths of the Gospel so remarkably Prof. M. B. Riddle, of Allegheny displayed in after years. Seminary, one of his few surviving classmates, writes: "First of all, his On September 7, 1859, he married intense earnestness, amounting to en- Miss Charlotte Close Birge, at Hudthusiasm, imprest me. He was a faith- son, Ohio, and the lifelong union thus ful student; no man succeeds in the formed was only severed by death. foreign field who has been unfaithful Six sons were born to them, all in in his seminary duties. But the trait India, of whom four survive. "Surely first mentioned was the dominant one. the gods must love you!" was the ex- Especially when missionary effort was clamation of the Brahmans, as son the theme did his glowing nature as- after son was given to them. Of the sert itself in his utterances. His piety perfect sympathy in life and purpose, was of an ardent type and his personal the helpful service and, in later years, influence in the seminary was stimu- the tender, watchful ministry of this lating to his fellow students." devoted wife and mother, this is not the place to speak. The dedication of Not content with the work in his his first book, "In the Tiger Jungle," theological course, usually considered gives expression to his own sense of quite sufficient, Chamberlain deter- what she was to him: "To her who tor mined to fit himself for medical serv- thirty-seven years has shared my laice, pursuing the appropriate studies, bors and my joys and sfldres them chiefly in the College of Physicians still." and Surgeons in New York. What proficiency he attained is abundantly A farewell service was held lor him

in the church in which he had been or- his home and the center of his multidained, and on December 21 he sailed· plied activities uritil he was compelled from Boston with Mrs. Chamberlain, to give up the exhausting labors of in the ship Goddess, arriving in India evangelistic touring and the care of on April 12, 1860. villages and exchange them for liter- ary work in the more salubrious cli- To comparatively few men has it mate of the Nilgiri Hills. been given to lead such a life as was lived by Dr. Chamberlain, and to leave Every year while he remained on behind a record of such devoted, the field and his strength lasted, such many-sided and self-sacrificing service. tours were made by him and helpers The Arcot Mission, with which Dr. chosen for the work among the nu- Chamberlain's name and work are in- merous villages through all the surdissolubly associated, was founded in rounding region. These tours length- 1853 by three brothers, all sons of ened into weeks and even months. Dr. John Scudder, the pioneer medical His thorough knowledge not only missionary from this country. of the language but of the lit- erature of the people, and his Before Dr. Chamberlain's arrival the readiness in quoting and chanting perwork of the mission had been almost tinent extracts from their ancient entirely confined to the Tamil-speak- Vedas and well-known poets, thus ening people of the district, and almost forcing a truth or answering and siof necessity Dr. Chamberlain first lencing questions and objections, gave learned the Tamil language, but in him distinct advantage with those of 1861 he was assigned to Palmaner, the higher castes as well as with the to take up work among the Telugus, common people. No uncertain or and it became necessary for him tQ ambiguous Gospel proceeded from his learn their language also. lips. His message was distinctly one of "good tidings," prompted by love, The Preacher and Organizer a message of salvation from sin and its burden through the great love of Two years later a new station was God and the mediatorial work and opened at Madanapalle, thirty-five sacrifice of His Son. Wherever he miles north of Palmaner, and the spoke this story was so clearly, so Chamberlains advanced to the center winningly and so courageously told of a large and important district in that multitudes desired to know more which the Gospel had never been of it, and eagerly bought large numpreached. Temporary quarters were bers of the "wonderful books" in erected, which were turned into a which it might be read when the misschoolhouse when the present commo- sionary had gone on his way. dious bungalow was built by him in later years. A little schoolhouse In 1863, the same year in which he church, with mud walls and thatched removed to Madanapalle, Dr. Chamberwith rushes, was also put up, in which lain made his noted Bible tour, in com- Sabbath services were held for the pany with four carefully selected na-. very few native Christians who ac- tive helpers, "picked men," to Hyderacompanied them and such others as bad and the Upper Godavery. It was might come.* This station became probably the longest tour made by him *Tlje interesting story of the establishment of the new station is given in Chapter VII of "In the Tiger Jungle."

JACOB CHAMBERLAIN AND HIS WORK FOR INDIA

or any other member of the mission. noble work for the Master. Some Probably, also, it was the most dan- 8,000 Bibles and portions were put in gerous. The region visited had never circulation during the tour, chiefly by before been explored by a missionary. sales."* It was little known and by many regarded as exceedingly dangerous, both From the jungle-fever contracted on from the known and unknown perils this tour, Dr. Chamberlain was never of the way and the character of the freed. In spite of all remedies and inhabitants. In spite of many warning "barrels of quinine," as he used to letters and messages from mission- say, it continued to torment him. It aries, civilians and others, he "sur- drove him to the Hills, to Australia, veyed the danger, measured the obsta- and more than once to this country for cles, counted the cost and, considering relief. Under its pressure all his later none of them sufficient to cancel the work was done. Only an originally command 'Go ye into all the world,' " vigorous constitution, a tenacious grip he covenanted for the journey with on life, a resolute will and firm relithe "Lo, I am with you always," and ance on and devotion to the will of started on his way. He took with him God could have carried him through. two cart-loads of Scriptures, Gospels, New Testaments,' Bibles, and tracts, The number of tours of lesser exchiefly in Telugu, but with a small sup- tent made by him was very large. Of ply in each of the five languages they their nature the report of a single year were likely to meet, each one of the may give some conception. "I have party being able to preach in two or been out on six preaching tours durthree of them. Leaving Palmaner in ing the year (1871). Three of these June, and "passing through Cuddapah were five weeks long each. I have and N andyal, the little band entered spent on tours 125 days. My native the Nizam's dominions at Kurnool, helpers were out 293 days, and we topreaching and distributing books as gether preached 739 times to 538 difthey went, and reached Secunderabad ferent audiences in 351 towns and vilon the 8th of August. Continuing lages to 18,730 people. We have also their journey to the northeast they sold on these tours 2,403 Scriptures. passed through Warangal, the ancient Besides this, we have preached syscapital of the powerful Telugu kings, tematically in Madanapalle and the surto the Upper Godavery." Two weeks rounding villages 527 times to 13,661 were spent here and a short trip made people, and sold 1,030 books and into the Gond country. Turning down tracts." Of these tours. as practised the Godavery they returned home by by himself and other members of the the way of Rajahmundry, Masulipa- mission, Dr. Chamberlain wrote in tam and Kellore, having been absent 1902: "It is safe to say that of the between four and five months and hav- 10,060 converts now on the rolls of ing traveled nearly 2,000 miles. "Many the Arcot Mission, more than eighty were the hardships endured and the per cent have been brought in by this perils encountered, but, nothing daunted, the little company, with its intrepid *Some of the most thrilling incidents connected leader, pushed on and accomplished a with this tour are related in Dr. Chamberlain's graphic style in his books "In the Tiger Jungle" and "The Cobra's Den," notably in Chapters I and II of the former, "Does God Hear Prayer?" and HThe Man with the Wonderful Books,H and Chapter III of the latter, "The Angry Mob and the Story of the Cross."

'public proclamation' of the Gospel in part of the night was spent in study- the vernaculars. These have, indeed, ing the case and all night long the mis- come mostly from the lower classes, sionary prayed that God would give but a large percentage of our high- him that man's life, that so a break caste converts have also thus been might be made in the solid ranks of brought to the knowledg-e of Christ." opposing heathenism in one of the The Beloved Physician strongest and most numerous castes of the new station. The prayer was an- It was Dr. Chamberlain's intention, swered. When morning came the docin removing with his family from Pal- tor worked over him for two hours in maner to lIadanapalle, to devote him- his own house. Finally the sufferer self exclusively to evangelistic work. slept and his friends said, "The mis- But God had other plans for him. sionary's God is going to save him." Like his divine Master, the mission The man recovered, after careful and Doctor "could not be hid." Even anxious nursing, was able even to use while their' little missionary bungalow that hand in plowing and reaping.

was building, in 1864, accidents among From that day neither he nor any of the workmen demanded the exercise of his family connection had anything to his medical and surgical skill. The do with the worship of that idol, num- people of the town when in distress bers of them often came to the misinsisted on coming to him for relief sion church, and one of them at least while he and his family were still in became and died a believer in Jesus.

tents. The fame of this act of healing Soon after they had moved into their spread widely. From that time it be- little house there came to him a S1.1111- came evident to Dr. Chamberlain that mons, at dead of night, to come and he could not avoid rendering such sur- see a man, Ramanna by name, whose gical and medical aid as he was able right hand and forearm had been to the people. Putting up in 1865 a crtlshed and mangled. He had been thatched veranda at the end of the placing cocoanuts under the wheels of house, into which his study window the great idol car of the town as it opened, he gave out that he would was being drawn back from the river treat all who would come on three to its place by the temple. The car, specific days of the week. Soon fifty which had been set while the crowd or more came on each of these morn- of devotees were tugging at the ropes ings. Before examining and treating and would not move, suddenly surged them he would sit in his study window forward and the hand and arm were and preach the Gospel to each group.

caught and crtlshed beneath its weight. Four years later the crowds had be- His friends had lifted and carried him come too great to be thus treated.

to his house and ran to get the new Many who desired to listen to the foreign doctor to come and see if he preaching could not get within sound could save him. The fractures were of his voice. This led to the removal so many and the lights so dim that of medical appliances to a thatched only palliatives and sedatives an'd ap- schoolhouse at the town end of the plications to stanch the flow of blood mission compound. The patients soon could be administered. But a good numbered over one hundred per day,

CHAMBERLAIN AND HIS WORK FOR

with many serious surgical operations. ViOllSI), hostile or indifferent. In 1873 By July, 1869, the work became so he reported that about 30,000 patients heavy and the expense so great that had received treatment at his hands. Dr. Chamberlain appealed to the Madras Government to establish a govern- He still retained the most important ment hospital and dispensary at Ma- operations in the Madanapalle dispen- danapalle. This was done. The "trav- sary, especially in ophthalmic surgery, elers' bungalow" and its outbuildings and would send to it patients on whom were remodeled and repaired at the he could not operate satis factorily in cost of the government, and Mr. his tent. Ko matter how distant his Thomas Vard, a pronounced Christian camp might be, he would ride in to and one of the best-qualified men ever Madanapalle, ten and even twenty graduated from the medical college, miles, perform the operations and then was sent to take charge of it. There return to camp. Tho this entailed a he remained for nearly thirty years, great amount of extra fatigue, he was working in thorough sympathy with persuaded that it enhanced his power Dr. Chamberlain and winning his con- for good in the district.* fidence and warm friendship. The !lew institution went right on in the old As the result of visits to Palmaner way. The Gospel was daily preached and the treatment of hundreds of paand two high-caste patients before tients there, he was besought in 1871 long came out as Christians' and were to establish a permanent dispensary in baptized. So slight was the break that that town. This he declined to do and the entire community seemed still to returned to Madanapalle. Within two regard it as "the missionary's hos- weeks a deputation composed of leadpita1." ing Hindu and Mohammedan residents of Palmaner appeared at Madanapalle Being thus set free to resume his with a subscription paper signed by more distant preaching tours, Dr. people of Palmaner and vicinity, Chamberlain organized a traveling dis- pledging Rs. 1,700 for initial expenses pensary, with two good-sized medi- if he would open a hospital and discine-chests filled with ample supplies pensary there. He still felt it to be of medicines and with instruments impossible and advised them to apply suited for any operations that could to the government, adding that then properly be performed in tents. These "their religious sensibilities would not he carried with him on his tours, ac- be interfered with by the daily preachcompanied by a dispenser or com- ing and praying." They replied very pounder' whom he had trained in the earnestly that these were two features hospital. Thus he carried, together that they would welcome, as they were with the Gospel, medical and surgical convinced that the treatment had done help and relief to multitudes in the them far more good because of the numerous towns and villages who, but missionary's prayers, and that the subfor this, would have been utterly des- scriptions were not to be paid unless titute of such aid, often treating in his he would take charge of the hospita1. tent over one hundred cases a day, and He still declined and they apparently once 138. Many villages were reached and conciliated which had been pre- 4 An account of one of these medico-evangelistic tours is given in Chapter IX of "The Cobra's Den,"

relinquished their purpose. Not so in generally used throughout the Telugu reality. Through the collector of the country and among the Telugus of North Arcot district and at their ur- Burmah. It passed through five edigent solicitation, Dr. Chamberlain was tions, the last of II,500 copies, all of at last induced to open the new hos- which were sold. It was most fitting pital under the auspices of the local that he should be carried to the grave government, but with the distinct un- amid the singing of these beautiful derstanding that it was to be under his hymns by the people who loved him charge. The supplies he purchased and whom he had so faithfully loved with the Rs. 1,700 contributed by the and served. people of Palmaner. A Christian staff was appointed, and he remained there In other directions, too, his pen was some weeks, preaching and perform- busy. His name and work became ing operations, until the institution was known far beyond the bounds of Infairly on its feet. dia. His many stirring letters and appeals in American, English and Aus- The Scholar and Literary Worker tralian papers served to stimulate and increase interest in missions, their It was not surprizing that his He- problems and progress, in all those brew scholarship, with his knowledge lands. of the Telugu language and literature, should point him out as the one man Few publications, probably, have of the mission to serve, with represent- done more to familiarize the Christian atives of other missions, on the com- public with the condition of the peomittee for the revision of the Telugu ple of India, and the nature of mis- Bible. From 1873 to I896 he was its sionary work carried on among them, chai~man. No work could have been than the leaflets, which from time to more congenial and scarcely any other time issued from his pen. Their circumore important. He corresponded ex- lation has been wide, not only within tensively with other scholars in India the bounds of the Church he repreand elsewhere, and for ten years gave sented, but in the Christian community to the work fully half his time, for generally, other boards and societies which the American Bible Society con- having sought the privilege, freely actributed half his salary and his ex- corded, of printing some of them for penses. He was also, for many years, themselves. Founded almost entirely a member of the Telugu Committee on incidents within his own experience, of the Religious Tract Society. they presented, in graphic style, the methods of evangelistic work, of meet- His admiration of the "mellifluous ing inquiries, answering objections, apand beautiful language" of the Telu- pealing to the inmost thoughts and gus, combined with his sense of the cravings of human nature and of the needs of the rising Church and the effects of the truth thus proclaimed. multiplying Christian families, led to The same may be said of his books, the compilation of his Telugu hymn- "In the Tiger Jungle," issued in 1896, book. Many of the hymns were trans- and "The Cobra's Den," in I900. Of lations, many he composed himself. these books many thousands have been The book was greatly appreciated and sold. Men before skeptical as to the

CHAMBERLAIN AND HIS WORK FOR

value of missionary effort or indiffer- he had the satisfaction of sending the ent as to its prosecution have been sheets for the first volume to the convinced by reading them and become printer, and wrote, "I am not going steadfast and active friends of mis- to wait until the last sheets of the sions. book come from the press before I The preparation of a Bible Diction- say 'it is time to give glory to God.'

ary in Telugu lay near his heart. For I feel like giving thanks and glory to it he began to make preparation quite God just now. If you had seen me early in his missionary life. To it as I was in June and July, I902, you especially such time and strength as he would not wonder that I feel so. Then had in the last eight years of his life I had recovered enough to think over were devoted. It was his thought that and mourn over the interruption of the for this purpose no mere translation work on which I had already expended of any existing work would suffice, so much labor and thought, but no however well it might be adapted to one dared to encourage the thought meet the wants of Occidental readers. that I would ever be able to take hold The Bible is an Oriental book. Many of the work again and carry it on things in it requiring elucidation for even to the bringing out of one vol- readers of the West have little diffi- ume. Now that the first volume is in culty and need little or no explanation press and will ere long be out, I do for Orientals. On the other hand, sub- not feel as anxious as I did, for if I jects touched lightly in existing books should now be suddenly summoned, of the kind, or barely touched upon at some one else would take it up and all, need careful handling for the read- carry it through, and perhaps do it far ers whom he sought to help and ben- better than I could, tho no one else efit. On this principle he proceeded has had nearly the preparation for the and, as the r<iult, an entirely new work that I have, by God's providence, book grew upon his hands. After his myself had. But my conviction still return from his last furlough to the is and grows stronger that it was for United States, in the quiet retirement the completion of this very work that of Coonoor, the station in the Nilgiri God so wonderfully raised me up."

Hills, he devoted himself to the pro- The Champion of Union on Mialion Field.

duction of this work, which he hoped In still another line of effort Dr.

to live to complete, leaving it as his Chamberlain was privileged to render last gift and legacy to his Telugu signal service,-that of the union of people. churches in foreign mission fields, and When stricken down by paralysis in especially in India. When this thought 1902 all work upon it and all hope was new to many, and to many not of its completion were for a time aban- altogether welcome, he became its ar- doned. But as he slowly came back dent and distinguished champion.

to life and recovered strength, hope When at home on furlough he advo- revived, and with the aid of a com- cated it with all his mental and spiri- petent assistant he resumed his labor, tual force, clearly discerning and as giving to it so much time as his clearly showing how the cause of strength would allow, earnestly hoping Christ was weakened and the triumph he might live to complete it. In 1906 of His cross delayed by the multi-

plied divisions, often resulting in rival- Tho the time of his return did nQt ries and interference if not open strife, permit him to visit and address the among those who were ostensibly seek- assemblies, yet a fine representative ing the same object, the bringing of gathering of all the Scotch churches the whole world to Christ. On one was held in November, 1887, at which occasion, a meeting called for the con- he "spoke for an hour and conferred sideration of this subject in one of the for an hour longer." His statement largest churches in the city of New had its effect. It was characterized York was rescued from flat and dis- by· the chairman and by the leading mal failure by his earnest and eloquent representative of the Established appeal. Church as "the eloquent, lucid and con- In 1885, being at home on furlough vincing address of the representative and a member of the General Synod of the Reformed Church in America."

of the Reformed Church in America, Strong efforts were made to induce he was made a member of the Stand- him to remain for the meetings of the ing Committee on Foreign Missions. General Assemblies in the following At that meeting and largely through Mayor, if that were not possible, to his advocacy, the Classis of Arcot was return from India at that time to at- "permitted and advised to initiate such tend the four Scotch, the Irish, the measures as shall tend to bring to- English and the Welsh assemblies, gether the churches of the Presby- with other great gatherings then in terian polity in India." The Classis prospect. But his face was set toward was furthermore assured that the and his heart upon his work in In- Synod would endorse its union "with dia, and he declined. The visit, how- such a union of the Church of Christ ever, bore fruit and to it may be in India composed of those holding the ascribed, in part at least, the succes- Reformed faith and Presbyterian pol- sive and successful union movements ity." As it was understood that he which resulted in the establishment, would be passing through Great Brit- first of the South India United Church ain on his return to India about the in 1902, composed of the churches of time of the meeting of the Presbyterian the Classis of Arcot of the Reformed General Assemblies, Dr. Chamberlain Church and the Madras Presbytery of was "commissioned to present to such the United Free Church of Scotland, of the Presbyterian assemblies as he and, second, of the Presbyterian may be able to visit the fraternal greet- Church in India (for all India), in ings of this body, and to draw their 1905· attention to the unanimous action of To the promotion of these move- this body in favor of organic union on ments he devoted himself with his ac- mission fields of those holding the Re- customed ardor. He had a principal formed faith with the Presbyterian share- in arranging the plan and de- polity, in the hope that similar per- tails of the necessary proceedings for missive action may be taken by their consummating the union in South In- respective bodies authorizing their mis- dia, and was elected the first modera- sions in India to take part in such a tor, or president, of the newly con- union." stituted "Synod of South India" in This commission he gladly accepted. 1902 .

JACOB CHAMBERLAIN AND HIS WORK FOR

Known as he was throughout all In- addresses which captivated his hearers dia, it was natural that his counsel and and spread his name and fame far be- aid should be sought in planning for yond the bounds of the Church whose the larger union of all Presbyterian missionary he was. A new force had and Reformed churches in the empire. come into the life and work of the Here, too, he rendered such assistance Church-a new and distinct stimulus as was possible for him, urging strong- to missionary activity. ly that the creed and canons adopted for South India should be accepted for These addresses were characterized, the larger church. as all who heard and remember them will testify, by great intellectual force, The Consummate Advocate of Mialion. breadth of vision, wide knowledge and a firm grasp of facts and principles. Ten years of Dr. Chamberlain's Added to this was a certain clearness most useful and eventful life were alike of perception and of statement spent in this country on furlough. Part which enabled him to produce the im- of a year also was spent in Australia. pression he desired to effect. This ef- In every instance these departures fect was heightened by a wonderful from the field were made imperative fertility and aptness of illustration; by the condition of his health. Yet each statement of truth or principle be- they served to bring him into contact ing enforced by pertinent and telling with the churches, his own and othen, incidents drawn chiefly from his own and gave him the opportunity to im- varied experience. In this he was part to them something of his own greatly helped by a marvelously re- flaming zeal "for Christ and India" tentive memory which no detail, howand for the whole non-Christian world. ever minute, escaped, and by a vivid Perhaps in no respect and in no other imagination which clothed anew with way did he render more signal and life the scenes he sought to describe effective service to the cause of Christ and enabled him to present them as throughout the world. real, as in a series of "living pictures," to the apprehension of his hearers. Four times he revisited his native More than all was the intense earnest- .country, the first in 1874. Meeting in ness which breathed in all his utter- Egypt a party of friends intending to ances on the great subject that filled make the tour of Sinai and Palestine, his mind and heart. Evidently this and having the means to do so gen- was not a mere professional pleader., erously provided, he joined them. but one whose very life was in the Careful observations were made, and things he uttered and the work he did. the question of the true Mt. Sinai was Hence they became a thing of life to critically studied on the spot. Much others, and multitudes–among them valuable material and information many of the most influential friends were accumulated which he subse- and generous givers to foreign misquently found of use in the prepara- sions-ascribed their first interest in tion of his Bible Dictionary. them to having heard him speak.

Arrived at home with his family, he His services were everywhere in desoon began, notwithstanding the fever mand and it was difficult to restrain which had made his coming a neces- him within reasonable bounds. A consity, to make those unique and stirring

suming desire to plead the cause of but by his successful endeavor to se- India, his India, "Christ's India," cure the establishment of a theological seemed to possess him. Tho all his seminary in connection with the Arcot furloughs were undertaken for the Mission, and a liberal endowment for restoration of his health, impaired not the same. By his personal effort more only by fever, but later by other than $45,000 were raised for this pur- serious and complicated ailments, no pose before he left for India in 1887.

labor seemed too hard for him to per- Through his personal influence this form and no demands upon his time amount was subsequently and gradu- and strength too great for him to meet. ally increased by bequests to nearly Of~en he paid with severe and rack- $70,000, a sum sufficient to meet all ing pain for the exertion he had made, the expenses of the institution, inclu- but the next call found him ready, ding the salary of its missionary prin- even glad to meet it. cipal. From this, the first endowed Such were the evident force and school of the kind in India, are sent ability of the man that the most flat- out, year by year, not only ministers tering offers were made him with a but thoroughly equipped evangelists view to detain him, if possible, in this and lay workers.

country. But nothing could turn him In the same year, 1887, in obedience from the purpose of his life. to a telegraphic summons from Mr.

Honors were heaped upon him. In Moody, totally unexpected, he made at one year, 1878, three colleges-Rut- Northfield one of his most comprehen- gers, Western Reserve and Union- sive and stirring addresses on "The conferred on him the degree of Doctor Field and Conflict in India: The Opof Divinity. To these was added that portunity of the Ages," closing with a of Doctor of Laws, in 1900 from Hope threefold message which he believed College and from Western Reserve in himself called of God to deliver. To 1901. In 1878 he was made president the students and young men present of the General Synod of the Reformed he rang out with fire and energy "the Church in America, the first foreign call for 5,000 volunteers for this glomissionary to be accorded that distinc- rious warfare." To the Y. M. C. A. he tion in the history of that church. appealed for the extension of its meth- When the Synod met the next year he ods and work to India, to aid in dewas back in India, returning by way veloping and training "the life, the en- of Japan and China. His visits to ergy, the spiritual earnestness for the missions in those countries brought the work of saving other souls" of the great cheer and encouragement to the more than 600,000 young converts who. workers :rud were long remembered needed such training.

with pleasure and gratitude by natives In 1900 he was chosen to represent and foreigners alike.. In everything he the large body of missionaries present saw he manifested the keenest in- at the Ecumenical Conference in New terest and to many imparted far more York, and the still larger number of than he received. those on the field. In earnest tones, Dr. Chamberlain's second furlough which those who heard him will never was signalized not only by his efforts forget, he pled for a new "impetus of in behalf of union, already mentioned, enthusiasm," for "help in tact1cs and

CHAMBERLAIN AND HIS WORK FOR

strategy," for "more of unity, comity he might complete the work on which and cooperation," for a recognition and he was engaged. That was to be his declaration by "the world-wide Church last great gift to his beloved Telugus.

in council" "that this conquest of the One volume, about one-fourth, was world for Christ is the fundamental finished and carried through the press object of the Church's existence," and in 1906. The rest awaits completion that "only to the extent in which she by another hand. In October of last fulfils this God-appointed destiny will year, 1907, he was compelled to lay she be blest of God." aside all work of every sort. By the Before the year 1900 closed he was advice of physicians he left his station again in India and giving himself to in the Hills and came down to Vel- his chosen and allotted work chiefly on lore, where for several weeks he was his Telugu Bible Dictionary, but also under the care of physicians who loved in the care and oversight of the Church him. His symptoms baffled them and and work at Coonoor. Fearful dis– he made little or no progress toward sensions rent the Church, but by un- recovery. Finally his desire to return wearied patience, unstinted effort and to the home at Madanapalle which he counsel, love and prayer, he had the had himself reared became so strong great joy at last of seeing the strife that the doctors yielded and he was allayed, those who had left restored tenderly borne thither. There he lin- in penitence to the flock and fold they gered for some weeks, watched over had forsaken and the Church entered and tended with anxious solicitude and on a career of renewed prosperity. loving care. And there, on March 2, Tho largely withdrawn from the 1908, surrounded by some of thos~ more active labors of the mission, it whom he loved best on earth, and in was a satisfaction to be able still to the midst of the Telugu people for serve it. Such was the confidence re- whom his life was given, he passed posed in him by his brethren, and the away into the presence of the Master desire to honor him and also to avail whose service was his delight.

themselves of his wise counsel, ex- Thus by a series of gracious provi- perience and administrative ability and· dences was it made possible for the tact, that numerous offices were long-cherished and often exprest de- crowded upon him. All these he cheer- sire of his heart to be gratified. "It fully bore and performed with his has been my earnest prayer for years,"

accustomed thoroughness and fidelity, he wrote while in this country in tho often at the cost of great suffering 1900, on hearing of the death of one and pain. of his associates in India, Dr. John In May, 1902, he was stricken by Scudder, "that I may be summoned up paralysis. For weeks, lengthening into from the forefront and my mortal re- months, his life hung in the balance. mains laid to rest among 'my people'

But gradually, to the surprize of all at MadanapalIe." And as he loved the his friends and his physicians as well, people, so they loved him. All castes, strength gradually returned, and he classes and religions united in "a won- was able to take up again his. literary derful tho not surprizing exhibition of work. He fondly and gratefully be- love and sorrow" when his death was lieved that God had raised him up that known. The funeral services were

largely conducted III the Telugu without antagonizing others, and by tongue, and he was followed to the expedients which occurred to him grave by a large concourse of people, alone. And so all these qualities com- native Christians, Hindus· and Euro- bined to make him the sagacious, far- peans,amidst the singing of the beauti- sighted, broad-minded, constructive ful Telugu hymns,many of which he had missionary statesman he proved to be.

himself composed. Five of his junior Beyond and above his natural tal- colleagues laid him to rest on the very ents, conspicuous in many and various spot where he had pitched his tent ways, there was a nobility of nature, when he first came to Madanapalle mingled with a true simplicity which forty-five years before. imprest and captivated those with The Man whom he came in contact. His was Think what we may of his abun- a soul above all meanness of thought, dant labors, his great achievements or speech, or deed. The law of kind- and the great benefits he conferred ness was in his lips because love to upon India and the Church of Christ all men reigned in his heart, and he which it has been the aim of this chap- would speak evil of no man. Brave ter briefly to set forth, it remains true to a fault, he shrank from no danger, that the highest service he rendered hardship or sacrifice in fulfilling his was, after all, in being what he was. ministry of preaching and healing.

There was a marvelous versatili~y, a Self-poised and self-possest, but not many-sidedness, about him. Totally self-centered or self-assertive, his separate from and yet finely blended balance was not easily disturbed.

with his character and ability as Amid all the applause that followed preacher, doctor, scholar, were other him and the flattering offers made qualities fitted to other lines of activity, him, none of those things moved him in anyone of which he might have to forsake his purpose to spend his life attained to eminence. Few of his for Christ and India. He preserved many friends, probably, knew that he the even balance of his mind and the was an inventor, constructor and me- even tenor of his way.

chanical genius of no mean order. Of unfailing cheerfulnef.s, he ac- That he was also a diplomatist is cepted the events of life as the o~der­ shown in the wisdom to conceive and ing of his heavenly Father, believing outline far-reaching and comprehen- always with Browning, whatever the sive policies which he possest, together seeming, th;:tt with the capacity to bring into har- God's in His heaven, mony those of opposing views and to All's right with the world, meet difficulties and perplexing problems with practical wisdom, sagacity and saying in effect, if not with his and common sense. This made him a lips, most valuable counselor to his mission- I worship Thee, sweet Will of God, ary brethren and to the board at home. And all Thy ways adore; Withal he had something of the poli- And every day I live I seem tician, using that much-abused word in To love thee more and more.

its best sense. He knew how to secure His social qualities multitudes at- the objects on which his heart was set test. He was a mo~tdelightful com-

POLITICAL PLOTTING AT THE VATICAN 59

panion and inmate of the many homes long-expected summons came and he to which he found an entrance. Hap- entered into the unclouded joy of the py himself, it seemed his mission to Lord whom he had so long and faithmake others happy too. A breeze of fully loved and served. In India, in new life came in with him. Flashes America and throughout the world his of kindly and often humorous light memory is precious and it will abide. illumined his conversation. He became quite naturally the delightful This brief sketch may well close, as center of every social and family circle he no doubt would have it, with his of which he happened to form a part. final appeal at the end of his address at the New York Ecumenical Con- Perhaps no trait was more charac- ference-his last strong plea "for teristic of him than his ahounaing joy. Christ and India"; "0 Church of the Joy in his work and in its fruits. Joy living God, awake! Fill up the misin his associations and fellowships. sion treasuries to the overflow. Let a Joy in his plans and hopes, and joy shout go forth that shall say 'March in God even when those plans and onward! in the name of the King of hopes seemed frustrated and disap- Kings! March on and conquer that pointed. I f, in the last few months of land for Christ!' Let that word come, life his joy was clouded and the bright- and within the lives of some sitting ness of his spirit dimmed, he yet en- here will we show you all India bowdured with meek submission until the ing low at the feet of our Jesus."

POLITICAL PLOTTING AT THE VATICAN-II EDITORIAL All statecraft, as the word hints, is All imperialism depends largely crafty; and Lowell, in his "Democ- upon spectacular display, and never racy," says, "it is no longer looked was there more perfect mastery of the upon as a mystery, but as a business," appeal to the senses. The eye is dazlike every other business, having meth- zled by symmetry of form glorified ods well defined and means skilfully with gorgeousness of color and brilfitted to ends. A previous paper liance of luster; the ear charmed by treated of certain features of the musical intonation and the sirens of Romish Church state, such as its as- melody and harmony, instrumental and sumption of magisterial power and its vocal. Three similar and suggestive assertion of infallible authority, its English words express certain effects scepter of sacerdotalism, and its three produced through the senses: "blare," tribunals; and now we turn to consider the trumpet blast that, for the time, some further proofs of the political makes the ear deaf to other sounds; aims and activities which center at the "glare," hinting a light or luster that Vatican. blinds the vision; "flare," the effect of bold and strongly contrasted colors. 1. Prominent among Rome's expe- The three words, together, convey the dients stands a seductive and sensuous thought of mental faculties confused externalism.

and bewildered through the cor- elaborate festival of Holy Week, the responding bewitchery of the physical office of the T enebra is chanted. Dursenses. ing the service, there stands in the sanctuary a massive candelabra, sup- In his Roma Papale, Desanctis, porting fifteen lights arranged in triyears since, sketched, with one stroke angular form, symbols of Christ and of his pen, the plan of the Curia in the prophets who predicted His ad- Great Britain: "to mission England vent. One by one the lights are put through the senses"-a resort not to out, till only that at the apex of the Scripture or reason, but to spectacle; triangle is left burning; then this also not to argument, addrest to conviction, is removed and placed under the altar but to fascination, appealing to the im- till the close of the office, when it is agination. One of Chesterfield's max- brought back-symbolizing our Lord's ims was, that, if you can engage the death, burial and resurrection, the last passions on your side, you need not being specially signalized by a cross fear what reason may do against you; let down from above, ablaze with briland the plan was to captivate and cap- liants! ture sensible Englishmen through the passion for the spectacular, dignify- Few spectators can be unmoved being by the names of art, esthetics and fore such a combination of the specsymbolism, mere man millinery and tacular and the symbolic. In fact, it gorgeous, imposing ceremonial; put- is this deft weaving together of sense ting out the eyes of Reason and set- and symbol that lifts such superb di:iting the blinded victims to grind in play to the level of intelligence and the mill of ritualism. culture. Yet it remains true that these master devices become snares taking This subtle appeal to the sensuous the soul captive through the senses; is the foremost factor in the seductive and sometimes degenerate into mere Romish ceremonial. The splendor of tricks of trade, appealing to the sensaglittering pageantry and procession; tional; as when, in certain great Vatithe elaborate attire-the white pallium can Councils, a movable throne for with its pendants on breast and back the Pontiff was adroitly placed where, and its adornments of crosses; the at a critical moment, the sunlight miter and maniple, pluvial and chasu- would fall athwart him, like a beneble, stole, alb, and amice; the glitter- diction from above, a smile of Heaven ing altar with its golden crucifix; -eliciting the shout from the conthe tabernacle, with its consecrated clave, "The Sun! The Sun !"-a trick "host"; the burning candles and float- so often repeated as to give rise to ing incense and tinkling bell; the mul- the phrase, "The indispensable sunticolored banBers and streamers; the beams.-" glory of stained windows and the liquid music of organ-pipe and human 2. Another expedient, helpful to lark-here the spectacular and the sen- this Vatican type of statecraft is the suous reach their perfection of com- appeal to the chivalric element ~:n bination and captivation! human nature.

On great occasions, this art of This finds supreme expression in the witchery is almost resistless in its championship of a divine UTomanhood, charms-for example, when, in the the Mariolatry of the Romish Church

POLITICAL PLOTTING AT THE VATICAN

state. Humanity not only yields to double result: it satisfies the chivalric feminine fascination, but is so incom- sense in humanity, making every deplete without the female element that votee a Knight of the Virgin-the even the inspired story of Creation unique woman of the ages; and all treats man as a unit, with two essen- life a tournament, where she is at tial factors, male and female (Gen- once the presiding queen, and the lady esis I : 27) . Woman is instinctively in whose honor the combat is waged, felt to be indispensable, not only liter- to be defended by every lance and ally but spiritually, to all true life, adored by every knee. domestic and social, ecclesiastical and spiritual. The Word of God, however, While we concede this to be another never so exalts and enthrones any master-stroke of policy, the unscriptuwoman as to furnish a pretext for ral character of such adoration of the idolatry. Even she who was "blest Virgin can not well be denied. De above all women" is never once the Quincey remarks: "There is one sale object of excessive homage; instead idea of God. All idolatries alike, tho of being lifted to a heavenly throne, not all in equal degrees, by interceptshe is seen seated side by side with ing the idea of God through the prism other godly women who ministered of some representative creature, that to the Lord and waited in prayer for partly resembles God, refract, splinter His Spirit. iThen John on Patmos and distort that idea; so that idolatry looked through the open door, he saw is not merely one of many evils, and no throned object of worship but the one utterly beyond the power of social Lamb. institutions to redress, but it is in fact the fonntain of all other evil that Adolph Saphir remarks that signifi- seriously menaces the destiny of the cantly the Hebrew tongue has no word human race." for goddess. But through the whole history of papal Rome may be dis- Exaltation of Human Tradition tinctly traced the gradual elevation of 3. As human governments exalt the virgin mother of our Lord, not men's opinions, Vaticanism exalts only to divine honors, but to supremacy, as "Queen of Heaven"-and, human traditioll, another weapon of as in the inscription on an Irish Cathe- statecraft. Autocratic rule seeks to dral, regarded as "Refugium pecca- ~lly with itself h.uman wisdom and torum"; until, on December 8, 1854, philosophy; alike among savage Hother summit of glory was re:tched, in tentots and cultured Athenians, wise the decree of the Immaculate Con- men have been found at court, the ception. best the community could supply, whether the Magians at Babylon or What that meant will appear when the crafty !:::anusi at Inanda. one recalls how the Archbishop of Rio Janeiro, returning to his see from that Rome has always been perversely festival, publicly declared the Virg'lll Aristotelian, because that deductive to be the supreme authority in the system best accords with the policy celestial court, "even Jesus, as a loyal which frames a doctrine or decree and son, yielding to her filial obedience." then warps even Scripture to fit the Thus, to exalt the Virgin achieves a crook of the dogma. Man's opinions have more and more ruled at the Vati- can, and tradition has been used to

interpret amI often make void the sees in exalting Tradition is repeated, Word of God, especially when tradi- the Council of Trent making Tradition is venerable with antiquity, for- tion of eq~tal importance with Holy getting Cyprian's maxim that custom Scripture; and with like effects as in may only mark the old age of error- Jewish history, for, from the very consuetudo vetustas erroris. point where this doctrine obtains, and in proportion to its prevalence, dete- Whenever the decrees of an infalli- rioration in both cases began and adable church conflict with the teachings vanced. of the inspired Scripture, it is a foregone conclusion which shall prevail. In a manuscript copy of the orations The creed boldly recited at St. Peter's of Gregory of Nazianzen, in the Paris in the days of Pius IX declared; "I Library, one chapter is prefaced with most steadfastly admit and embrace a superb illustration, portraying the apostolical and ecclesiastical traditions, Council of Constantinople, in 381, met and all other observances and consti- to judge the errors of Macedonia and tutions of the holy Roman Church. Apollonius. The bishops are seated I also admit the Holy Scriptures, in a semicircle. Theodosius, the emaccording to that sense which our peror, is there, but neither prelate nor holy mother, the Church, has held and emperor occupies the throne in the does hold, to whom it belongs to judge middle of the semicircle. Upon that of the true sense and interpretation of throne lies the Roll of Holy Scripthe Scriptures." Then follow sundry ture. All this is now changed. Traparagraphs concerning what is so to be dition was first admitted to a joint seat received-the "Propitiatory Sacrifice of authority with the inspired Word, for the living and the dead in the mass, and then became practically a usurper, and the transubstantiation of the bread and opened the way for Rationalism, and wine into the blood of Christ; "the many cardinals and not a few popes doctrine of Purgatory," and the "help being downright infidels, denying funof the suffrages of the faithful for the damental facts about Christ, even his souls detained therein;" the invocation resurrection, so that Luther boldly of saints and veneration of their relics; declared the Church of Rome "foundas also of images of Christ, the Virgin ed, not upon the rock of Scripture, and the saints; the power of indul- but upon human reasoning, and a ragences, and the supremacy of the tionalistic body." pope as "Vicar of Jesus Christ." These twelve decrees, not one of which is Tradition became practically suderived from Scripture, seven hun-. preme, and submission was abject. dred prelates repeated, not only vow- Whenever this is the case it means ing allegiance to them but banning a putting out of the eyes of intelliwith anathemas all who, however con- gence and putting fetters upon reason, scientiously, reject them! What is conscience and will. Such compulthis but a state, framing a code, and sory obedience is the expedient of affixing a capital penalty to all dis- despotism, which uses force, and apobedience or even disapproval of its peals to fear. Whether the victim laws! Human opinion becomes au- sighs or sings, he is a caged bird at thoritative, and the error of the Phari- best. No wonder the candid student of history laughs at the folly and ab-

surdity of all such servile surren- Jerusalem, would have struck the der to human "infallibility," while he Apostle Peter! finds three councils condemning Pope Honorius as a heretic, and one advo- 4. In all political plots there is an cate of' infallibility conceding that element of intrigue; and the Vatican "the Pope is fallible in some things"! policy is one of duplicity. Jesuitism As the famous French monarch has some good points, but sophistry boasted, "I am the State," Pope Pius and casuistry are its favorite weapons, IX said to Cardinal Guidi, "I am Tra- so that a principle, affirmed in the dition." Archbishop Kenrick dared to opening of a paragraph, by a Jesuit oppose this new decree of 1870, saying writer, is often, before its close, ren- "It not only impairs the rights of dered nugatory by qualifications; or bishops, but imposes on the faithful what is at first disclaimed, is afterthe necessity of believing that the ward set up, veiled and disguised. Roman pontiffs never did err in faith, Reasoning is often in a circle, what which indubitable monuments of his- is to be proven being called in as evitory seem to disprove; and that they dence in its own favor. A member of never will err in the future, which we the Congregation of the Index incauhope but are not able to believe with tiously said, before a Protestant: "You any certitude of divine faith." must never trust any edition of any work whatever that has passed through The Supreme Pontiff attests officiill the hands of the Jesuits." The prepapers by a seal ring, and, since the siding genius at the Vatican is secrecy, thirteenth century, each pope has worn which is the necessary mask of dua ring of his own, which, to prevent plicity. Cardinal Newman's evasions its fraudulent use after his death, is and denials illustrated TaIIeyrand's broken to pieces with a hammer, a maxim that "speech was given us, wholly different one being made for not to reveal, but to conceal, our his successor. It is somewhat so with thoughts" ; and, under the smooth flow a pope's proclamations and decrees; of his English mother tongue, robbed some other' pope may deny or annul it of its good name for straightforthem; despite his infallibility, some wardness. new pronouncement may annul the old. Expediency, twin brother of duplic- ity, and the idol of politicians, rules Even a serious subject has often a at the Vatican, using the gag upon ludicrous side, as when a bishop truth, and apologizing for insincerity argues for infallibility on the ground with its double motto, that "a lie is that Peter was crucified, head down- lawful in the interest of truth," and ward, to show that the body was to "we may do evil that good may come." be supported by the head, he who sup- In the Vatican Council of 1870, oppoports being infallible but not he who sition was squelched by methods alike is supported! And when M. Veuillot unfair and unjust: while an English proclaims "three great devotions, in cardinal declared is "as free as the Rome: the Holy Sacrament, the Holy British Parliament," it had not even the Virgin, and the Holy Father," one right of verifying the titles of its can not but wonder how such an an- own members. There was no free lIuuncement, at the first council in discussion even of vital innovations;

before there had been time to read State is inevitable. The crystallizing and weigh proposed measures, they law of any State is loyalty-allegiance were prest to a vote; and subtle to the civil power. The Vatican sets changes were made in the text of up not only a spiritual but temporal papers after they had been submitted Head; the ordinary oath of papal to the Council, hoping that, in the bishops is. in effect the vow of a feudal hurry, the alterations would escape vassal to his liege lord. The Emperor notice! L'ntil a French prelate, re- Joseph II saw that no man, thus fusing to be silenced by the "three bound to the Pope, could be reckoned taps," charged the committee not only a:t the subject of allY other prince, with thus violating rules, but with in- save by a "generous fiction." As every troducing amendments and "additions, citizen owes supreme political adhersurreptitiously, of importance beyond ence to the governmental head of his calculation," and that "changed the nation, any such sworn allegiance to constitution of the church."* Even in a temporal sovereign, outside that the Council, such words as "lying," government, becomes constructive "deceiving," "cheating," flew about treason, and may prove destructive freely, like birds of the air, and out- should an issue arise. siders called it audacious trickery. Surely it must be a corrupt political The inspired Word declares "the convention where even the Pope powers that be ordained of God," bidis charged with "unscrupulous meth- ding every soul "be subject" to them ods," using blandishments and flat- and our Lord clearly says, "My kingteries to serve his ends, or the bait dom is not of this world." There of promotion to draw fish to his need therefore be no confusion, much hook. A French bishop is quoted less, collision; but so soon as civil as saying: "There is no longer and spiritual functions get mixed in a any scruple as to what is done to church state, ambitious of political gain votes. It is a horror. There has prestige and control, hostility may benever been anything like it in the come so violent as to breed conflict of Church"; and another adds, "it de- arms. stroyed faith in anything ever done in the Church before." When on the We repeat, that it is no uncharitable last day of that eventful year, Victor attack on other believers who differ in Emmanuel first set foot as king in his creed or conduct, to protest against a own capital, the people seemed to scheme, essentially political, even tho hear the bells tolling the knell of craft, having an ecclesiastical name. The and ringing in the new day of honesty; papal tiara is a growth of ages of inand a little girl ran to his carriage, creasing assumption. Pope Damasus with a nosegay of flowers-red, white II was content with a simple cap; and green-saying, "Take this, KING which Boniface VIII, more than two HONEST MAN !"t centuries later, surrounded with a high cqronet; forty years more, and Bene- When the political spirit finds lodg- dict XII added a second story to the ment in the Church, not only confusion golden head-dress; nearly a century but collision between Church and more, and John XXIII surmounted both with a third coronet; and Pius • Page 600. t Page 670. IX decked it with the Kohinoor of

19Q8] POLITICAL PLOTTING AT THE VATICAN

Infallibility! The triple crown, long on the Pope's brow the crown of in- since ceasing to be merely a churchly fallibility, when Victor Emmanuel's diadem, asserts not only spiritual troops poured into the Eternal City, headship but purgatorial authority and and the head of this church state lost temporal supremacy; and it is this his temporal scepter and confest him- last assumption especially which is self "a prisoner in the Vatican." Al- alike unwarranted by Scripture and most forty years have since fled, but inconsistent with civil government. instead of restoring that scepter, blow When the triple coronet virtually dis- after blow has fallen upon the pope's allows and absorbs into itself the im- hopes of empire. Witness the failure perial crown, the Church behind it has to prace Don Carlos on the throne of become a state, and a rival of ail other Spain, and the Count of Chambord on gov~rning powers. that of France; the Catholic defeats in The author of "Pope, Kings and Prussia and Austria, Switzerland and People" briefly sums up his bulky Germany, not to say in Italy and treatise thus: "We think it impossible Rome itself. Across the Atlantic, no to deny that up to the present time great state has modified its law in (1876) this movement, viewed in re- favor of this new theocracy, while lation to ultimate ends, has been a more than one has broken the yoke, complete failure. We do not say as and the one ideal ruler of the curia much of proximate ends. . .. The fell by the hand of an assassin. In moral renovations, which were to at- Protestant countries the Vatican plot tend the dawn of the new era, could has found detectives and opponents not be indicated by any metaphor in authors and statesmen; amI, instead short of the primal burst of light on -of the Vatican's new cosmos, the the horror of chaos. It was to be! chaos is wors~ than before. Not onc So soon as the Lord should manifestly nation has submittcd its code to papal set His King upon His holy hill of revision, nor has one ruler been in- Zion, all kings were to fall down before stalled to reign under the laws of the him- and His enemies were to lick the Syllabus.* Nevertheless, the program dust. Parliaments were to recognize not only remains but explains not a their impotence and expire. Popula- few of the modern plots to control tions, suddenly illuminated, were to education and legislation, parliaments behold the Savior of society, and lov- and congresses, armies and navies.

ingly bow to His law. As to any pos- A world's dominion, steadily pursued sible opposition, it was described as since the days of Phocas, will not the heathen raging, as the people im- easily be abandoned, and there may agining a vain thing. It was only the yet come a struggle against a subtle kings of the earth setting themselves, foe with secret weapons. and the rulers, taking counsel together against the Lord, and against His There are scenes in which the irony anointed."* of history has been conspicuous. In the Council held in Rome by John Providence, however, again has XXIII-the hero of the triple crownturned events "to the contrary." the "Mass of the Holy Ghost" had just Scarcely had the Vatican Council set ended, and the Pope was seated on • Page 672. • Pages 673-675•

his throne, when a frightful owl sud- lie may claim the right to hold his denly came screaming out of his hole, own opinions and pursue his own, and placing himself just before the practises, whosoever may refuse to pontiff, stared him in the face. In a adopt or approve. But for any ecclesuperstitious age, such an adventure siastical body to attempt despotic conwith a nocturnal bird in broad day- trol over society is to claim the Iibertv light, led to most ominous speculations, some whispering that the Holy to infringe on the liberty of other~, Ghost had taken a strange form, indeed, to appear after the mass in and intolerance can not demand for his honor. The Pope blushing and in itself toleration. a sweat, instantly arose and broke up the assembly; but, at the next session, A certain priest, whose habit it was again the bird of the night appeared to extol his church at the expense of as before and outstared the Pope with all others, one day used a walnut as his fixt gaze. More disturbed than an object-lesson-the shell tasteless ever, the Pope called on the council and valueless, and the skin, bitter and to drive away the owl, but they hunted nauseous, representing the various him down in vain: he would not go, other denominations. "But," said he, till, like an incorrigible heretic, he "the sweet kernel within, that is my was killed by the canes they threw at church, the true body of the faithful." him.* Whereupon, cracking the nut, there was only rottenness inside! With it It sometimes seems as if something cough to cover his confusion he disworse than an owl had found a nest missed his congregation. and brooding-place in the Vatican, with its thousand chambers-some gigan- It is more than doubtful whether tic bird of prey, with far-seeing vision, political schemes do not introduce cortireless pinions and powerful talons. ruption and decay into the Church. Jesuitical subtlety of method, the po- There is but one true path to the litical scheming, the grip of merciless throne and scepter of the world. The authority, do not suggest the Spirit's way of the cross is, with the Church chosen form-the dove. Religious as with the Master, the way to the opinion and practise are the heritage crown. We must sacrifice ourselves of free men, and will not brook des- for men if we would save them, and potic dictatorship. Charles V could so manifest truth and godliness before not make two timepieces go exactly them as to compel universal homage. alike, and wisely concluded that men The Church, clothed with humility, must have liberty to think unlike. On will reign sooner than if clad in the the same principle the Roman Catho- robes of royalty and adorned with the insignia of authority. The coronet of * Jortin's "Remarks on Ecclesiastical History." kings does not become her brow so well as the crown of thorns!

WORK IN

BY MRS. KATE H. YOUNG A year ago we were just beginning women also who were "almost per- work here in a fair-sized hall, which suaded" on the occasion of our anni- was cramped because of the crowd of versary, and nearly all were, a year listeners. Thank God, many of those ago, in the darkness of ignorance and listeners have now been transformed superstition, worshiping the Virgin into "doers of the Word." For a Mary, the child Christ, the little whole year, unable to find a suitable wafer, and a host of saints.

hall, we labored under considerable We encourage them to read their disadvantage. But the Lord wrought, Bibles, and have a weekly service for nevertheless; and as at our first anni- Bible study, when all recite verses, versary, we saw a little group of re- and the more enlightened express the generate men and women gathered results of their own meditation. Often, in, which greatly rejoiced our hearts. three or four discourse on the same We preach uncompromisingly, how- passage, each getting a distinctly clear ever, against prevailing sins, giving no and independent view of the Scrip- quarter to licentiousness, alcoholic ture and never in contradiction.

drinks and tobacco, selfishness, world- The children, in their weekly meet- liness, etc., preferring a little of the ings, give lengthy recitations, many Lord's chosen ones to quantities of knowing by heart John xiii to xvii; those nondescript "religious profess- Matt. v, vi, vii; Rev. xx, xxi, ors" who bring forth no fruits meet xxii; and many other chapters in the for repentance. New Testament and Psalms.

If we were less rigorous, and would Some four or five brethren have only let people think that the narrow run so well that we felt the time had way may be widened out at discretion, come to put some wholesome respon- we might have had a very large fol- sibility on them, and after prayer and lowing, for during the year we ad- deliberation, we recently formed a drest more than 29,000 people, more Sunday-school of four classes, taught than 700 of whom exprest desire to by them, and organized a series of become Christians, and were definitely cottage meetings, to be directed by prayed with and for to that end. The them, which encouraged them much Lord's fan, tho, was busy during the and incited them to more earnest and year, separating the wheat from the thorough searching of the Scriptures, chaff, bringing to light many of the laid on them a wholesome burden in hidden things of darkness; and there praying for those entrusted to their are many who attend the meetings and charge, and stimulated them to more who have given satisfactory evidence activity in seeking to win souls.

of repentance toward God and faith in Just before our anniversary celebra- our Lord Jesus Christ, many of them tion (which took the form of a large exceedingly promising converts, and tea-party in our garden), we found an some having a keen intellectual grasp excellent hall for our work, in a new of God's plan of salvation, and giving building on the "Broadway" of Porto, clear testimony to Christ. where everybody passes, and which There are many other men and will seat comfortably about three hun-

dred and fifty, and a hundred and fifty cherish, but to drain and oppress. Food and clothes are dear, and everymore can hear, tho sight of the body has to work hard to live. Chil- dren can not go to school because they preacher would be obstructed. have no bread unless they earn it.

The landlord would accept only A good mechanic rarely receives more than 50 cents per day, usually two-years' contract, and we had faith 30 cents, which of course can not sup- port a family, so the wife has to work, to venture. Since then it has been too, carrying heavy loads on her hear!. Barefooted, drest in cheap calico, she very amusing to see how he repents trudges through the cold and heat, staggering under her heavy burdens, his bargain! The crowds, the hymns, and often with a baby in her arms and a child toddling at her side. Her sixthe preaching of salvation fuII and year-old boy or girl works out; their united efforts bring in less than one free through Jesus, and doubtles!', dollar a day! This provides a wretched still more, the uncompromising rebuke hovel and a diet of cabbage soup flavored only with oil, coarse corn of sin so infuriated him that he acts bread and cheap wine. Lack of nour- ishing food is a too frequent cause of like one beside himself-doubtless, his consumption and early death.

friend, the Bishop of Porto, has ex- Popish power is decidedly on the wane Etnd to a large extent highly unprest his opinion on the subject! popular. Hundreds of thousands of educated, thinking people are avowed The landlord tries in various ia- unbelievers. Jesuits, priests, sisters of mercy, etc., meet with many rude regenious ways to thwart us, but in buffs. Men will jump off a street- car in disgust if they get aboard. The vain! Lately he exprest his intention word "Jesuit" means all that is op- probrious to the Portuguese. Of to break the contract, and force us to course, the Church stiIl holds sway with large numbers; but its power i~ leave, but we believe the Lord will not broken, and even priests snap their let him succeed-meanwhile the work fingers at the Pope's infallibility and laugh at his excommunication_ goes forward with much blessing. After a year's work here, we can Conditions here are very unsettled, testify that Rome keeps rather quiet; we have practicaIly been left alone. the masses exceedingly tired of the Our chief difficulties have arisen from oppressive Church and State regime, the opposition of those from whom we much of which is unpopular in- the might look for help, but who have been stirred up because of our testilast degree. Some who ought to be mony against sin, and our caIl to re- pentance, and our witness against shepherds of the flock are selfish, sen- sual, caring nothing about the people or their responsibility to them.* They are abjectly poor. Wages are low, taxes heavy, and the government seems to exist, not to protect and * When this article was written Portugal was under a most despotic dictatorship, appointed by the King. No expression of adverse opinion was tolerated. Parliament was arbitrarily closed. Republican centers closed, and the press was so muzzled that news of facts could not be published.

People are terribly dissatisfied. They are writhing and groanjng under the yoke and sigh for liberty. Yet the Dictator represented himself as having won the hearts of the people, when he was hated and execrated by all save government officeholders.

He was utterly rejected when he visited Porto, and went about under military guard, amidst rioting. Returning to Lisbon, and hoping for some show of enthusiasm there, he was met by scores of thousands who hissed him and gave cheers for Liberty, Soldiers were called out and shot indiscriminately, killing and wounding many. The situation there is tense. Revolution fills the air. and if the people were not half-starved, they would rally and break the monarchical yoke. No one is allowed to discu.u the King.-(EDITORS.)

ECHOES OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION

wine-drinking. The standard of nom- masses, and do not desire to prosinal Christianity is not always, alas! elytize church-members. Missionaries according to the Word of God, and the find that a real heathen convert, if bad example and subtle arguments of properly taught, makes a more satisso-called believers are often used of factory Christian than semi-religious the adversary to turn seekers away persons, who for years have been ac·· from the Lord. customed to disobey God while pro- fessing to serve Him. On the same Scores of Protestant church-mem- principle we confine our work to evanbers, convicted ot sin in our meetings, gelizing the unsaved and those who wish us to take them into fellowship, have had no practical knowledge of but we refuse invariably, because we salvation. are aiming at the unevangelized ANNIVERSARY ECHOES OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION BY MRS. H. T. BOSTWICK "If anyone wishes to know the "that give so complete an idea of missecret of missionary life," says Dr. sion work, both in its character and Edwin M. Bliss, "the best way is to spirit." Others have emphasized the see it as it is on the field. The next love and harmony that prevails and is best way is to attend the sessions of evident in unity and brotherly love. It the International Missionary Union at is difficult to distinguish between de- Clifton Springs, N. Y. nominations by any utterances.

"It is distinctively a missionary Loyalty to Christ, unquestioning gathering, whose prime purpose is faith in the Word of God, hopefulnot the gathering of friends, the ness in regard to the present, and unarollsing of the churches, the organi- wavering confidence as to the ultimate zation of work, but the fellowship of triumph of lihe work are also remarke<l soul, the comparing of experience, on as well as the advantages gained and, perhaps most of all, the spiritual by a wider outlook of the work as :t communion with one another and the whole . .Master. In the first place, the missionaries look into each other's face, In an article written by the presiand take each other by the hand; in dent, Dr. ]. T. Gracey, in August, the second, they recall those who have 1884, he described the first meeting gone before. They also walk and held in Niagara Falls, Canada, and talk with the Master; they bid said: "The foreign missionaries and each other Godspeed in the work that their wives resolved to perpetuate remains for them to do. While these their fellowship and seek to aid each are distinct, they yet intertwine so other, and organized a society to inthat each is characteristic of all these clude all foreign missionaries abroad sessions of Christian fellowship." or at home, whether on furlough or retired, and so organized themselves "There are no other meetings in under a constitution with officers as the country," said one who attended, follows: President, Rev. ]. T. Gracey;

Secretary, Miss F. M. Morris; Exec- distant lands. For this reason, few utive Committee, Rev. S. L. Baldwin, persons appreciate missionary meet- Rev. W. H. Porter, and H. T. Whit- ings like missionaries. This is the ney, M.D." value of an International Missionary Union-it brings us all together, and In 1885, at the second meeting of the distant is brought near." the union, two native converts were present, one from Burma, and the In the report for 1891 we find these other from China; and they told the "nuggets" as exprest by different story of their conversion. members present; "a greater desire to serve the Master in distant lands"; "a Rev. J. A. Davis, for the first time deepened sense of the Christian unity which rises above all denominational present at the third meeting, in Thou- barriers"; "getting more fully acsand Island Park, August, 18£6, quainted with the best set of men and wrote: "Rarely has the writer attended women in the world"; "entering more a meeting like that on Sabbath morn- than ever into love and sympathy with ing. It seemed as tho the Lord's chil- the workers on our various mission dren had come so close together and fields." so close to their Heavenly Father that each could feel the throbbings of the Rev. James Mudge reported, "Two other's heart; and each could feel the of the most characteristic meetings of Father's arms around the whole com- the union, impossible anywhere else, pany, drawing all close together and and always fraught with intense innearer to Himself. After the meeting terest, were this year especially thrillwe could not have made much of our ing: the Recognition and the Fareown denominations if we had wished. well." Another said of this same year: At one of these meetings the writer "No report, however elaborate, could sat with a Methodist behind, a Con- convey the impression of an 'attendgregationalist in front, a Baptist on ing power from on high,' such as was one side, and a Presbyterian on the felt in their personal presence and utother. The 'Amen' of the Methodist terances; and as to the conduct, spirit brother was echoed more softly by the and value of the meetings, few could Baptist, and whispered with deep feel- disagree with a Christian layman of ing by the Congregationalist; but it wide experience, when he described it slipt by the vocal organs of the Pres- as 'the best missionary training school byterian, and dropt in two tears." in the world.' "

In 1887, more than twenty years One other estimate for this same ago, Rev. Arthur H. Smith, of China, year from the pen of Rev. C. W. one of the early members of this Green: "The International Missionary union, said: "A missionary is essen- Union, after a decade, has proved its tially a miner. He is engaged in sink- right to be and its value as a grand ing shafts in one spot. He knows well missionary agency. Such an organiwhat is going on in his particular hole, zation and such an assembly of Chrisbut it is hard to get a good view of tian workers can not be uninfluential. the horizon from a 600-foot level un- No one could attend such a convention derground. It is an inspiration to and not notice how completely the hear of similar work elsewhere-of spirit of sectarianism was lost in the trials and triumphs in different and

unity of the spirit and the bond of nominationalism has dropt out of our peace. And can it be questioned that thoughts almost altogether, and the in this union there exists a potential great note of faith in our common benefit that should be realized by all Lord has been struck. As a parting missionary boards of all administra- legacy I give you a passage that has tions? The convention might easily been one of my richest jewels of be a school of instruction to those who Scripture for more than forty years: are responsible for directing mission 'My God shall supply all yo~r need affairs in the distant lands of the according to His riches in glory by Church's activities. Surely such Christ Jesus.' God be with you 'till an annual gathering of mIssIon- we meet again.' Brothers and sisters, ary workers has in it great possibili- I envy you. I see silver on very few ties, and is calculated to contribute of your heads, and those who have it blessing to the Church at home and have earned it by long terms of ser- abroad, and should be supported hy vice. Voicing the sentiment of scores the prayers and sympathy of all God's of missionaries and these hundreds of fellow workers." Christian people, I bless you in the At the, meeting in 1895 a number name oL the Lord and remind you of: veteran missionaries were present. again of this great word: 'My God Among them Dr. and Mrs. Henry shall supply all your need according Blodgett, of China; Dr. and Mrs. to His riches in glory by Christ William Ashmore, of China; Dr. and Jesus.' "

Mrs. James C. Hepburn, of Japan; In 1906 the echo is on this line: Dr. Henry H. Jessup, of Syria; Dr. "There is probably no gathering quite and Mrs. John Scudder, of India; Dr. equal to this in its peculiar fellowship.

James Clark, of Bulgaria; Dr. George Dr. Gracey once said, "I don't see why Wood, of Constantinople; these ma- we should not worship I. M. U. It is king a group never to be forgotten. like nothing in the he<!ven above, or Mrs. Hepburn's cheery motherly the earth beneath, or the waters under speeches divested the meetings of any the earth.:'

little parliamentary stiffness they Some college friend once said to a might have had, and a looker-on said fellow student of missionary birth: boldly, "You are the brightest, hap- "How is it that you missionary boys piest lot of people I ever got among." always seem to know each other? It In 1899 we catch words from one seems to make no difference whether who is dear to very many, and who you come frOIn the Sandwich Islands, has been much in our hearts ~l11d' China, India, Turkey, or Africa, yot!

prayers of late. The last words to the are at once as familiar as if you had union, as a whole, were that year known each other all your lives."

spoken by Bishop Foss, who said: "It is one of the privileges of the "We are not here as Baptists, missionary birthright," was the an- or Methodists, or Congregation- swer.

alists, or Presbyterians, but as Nowhere is that birthright realized Christians, The minor note of de- more fully than at these conferences. Key io Group Picture, fr om lower left corner, to righe (A.) 1. Mrs. F. S. Bronson. 2.* M iss Jennie Sander s. 3. Rt. Rev. C. C. Penick. 4. M r s. W. F.

e. Adams. 5. Rev. A. C. Walkup. 6. Mrs. H . J. Bostwick. 7. Mrs. Alice M. Williams. 8. Mrs. Frances Gates . 9. Mrs. J . S. Stone. 10. Rev. C. P. W . Merritt, M.D. 11. Rev. A. Nickols, D. D. 12. Rev. E. Grigg.

(B.) 1. Rev. J . Sumner Stone, M.D. 2. Miss M. A. Spencer. 3. Mrs. H . C. Smi th. 4. Miss T omi Puruta. 5. Miss Mary Siah. 6. Mi ss Grace Baksh. 7. Rev. Stephen Beck. 8. Rev. J. L.

e. Humphrey, M.D. 9. Rev. J. T. Gracer, D.D. 10. Mrs. S. E. Newton. II. Mrs. P. Frederickson.

12. Miss J. Stickney. .13. Miss B. Davis. 14 l{ev. A. V. B. Crumb. 15 . M r s. II. Nickol<.

e. (C. ) I. Rev. W. S. Bannerman. 2. Mrs. J . M. Jeremiassen. 3. Miss G. Hance. 4. Miss N. J.

Dean . 5. Bishop M. Harris. 6. Mrs. Moses Parmelee. 7. Miss M. Files. 8. Mrs. Rober t Hoskins. 9. Mrs. S. D. McMahon. 10. Miss Ella Hall. 11. Miss Carol Harris. 12. Rev. G. J. Geis.

(D.) 1. Mrs. C. P. V. Merritt. 2. Mrs. W. S. Bannerman. 3.* Miss Jeremias..n. 4. Mrs. J. P.

Brodhead. 5. Miss Annie Barker. 6. Miss M. C. Zimmerman. 7. Rev. Eber Crummy. 8. Mrs. G. I. Sto ne. 9. Miss Clara Swain, M.D. 10. Miss E. Burton. 11. Mrs. Grace Stott.

(E.) 1.* Miss G. Merritt. 2. Miss J. Moyer. 3. Miss F. Plumb. 4. Miss J. Walke r. 5. Rev. J. P. Brodhead. 6. Mrs. J. Craig. 7. Mrs. A. Mumford. 8. Mrs. A. Dowsley. 9. Mrs. C. Long. 10. Miss L. Latimer. 11. Mrs. E . Hallam. 12. Rev. E. Hallam. 13. Miss J. Ricketts. 14. Miss E.

Schuff. 15. Miss M. Barnes.

e. (F.) 1. Rev. W. M. Nickol. 2. Rev. H. Withey. 3. M r. E. Hole. 4. M r s. C. S. lIrown. 5. Rev.

S. Brown. 6. Rev. G. Miner. 7. Mrs. A. Wiley. 8. Mrs. W. H . Belden. 9. Miss J. Ghecr.

10. Mrs. S. Le wis. 11. Mrs. I. L. Stono. 12. Mrs. H. HaneQj:k. 13. Mrs. W. Kitchin. 14. Miss M. W aters. 15. M r s. E . Goodwin.

(G.) 1. Miss H . Root . 2. Miss J . Cody. 3. Miss H . Elgie. 4. Miss V. Lee. 5. Miss S. Brack· e. bill. 6.* Mr. Miner. 7. Rev. A. Wiley. 8. M iss R. Parmelee. 9. Rev. S. Lewis. 10. Miss Mabie, e. M.D. 11. Mi ss Huntoon.

(H. ) 1. Mr. E. Merritt. 2. J. Campbell W hit e. 3.* J. A . Sanders, M. D. 4. Rev. Thos. Moody. 5. M… T. Moody. 6. Mr. E. A. Mil es. 7. Mr. H J. Bostwick. 8. Rev. G. Lennington. 9. Rev. S.

Burger. 10. Miss M. Claggett. II. Rev. W . P. Adams, M.D. "Star" indicates missionary chHdren.

AN INTERNATIONAL ANNIVERSARY TWENTY.FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION BY AN OBSERVER The meeting held at Clifton Springs, usual the hospitable doors of the Sani- New York, June 3, 1908, for this tarium were thrown wide open by silver jubilee celebration brought to- Mrs. Henry Foster for the entertaingether nearly ISO returned mission- ment of members. The general theme aries from many foreign fields. As for this anniversary meeting was "The

INTERNATIONAL ANNIVERSARY

Missionary Progress of a Quarter of copal Board, wife of the President of a Century." the Union, and who was one of the Rev. T. ]. Scott, D.D., who went to founders of the Woman's Foreign India in 1862 and who was present Missionary Society and one of its at the first meeting of this association most conspicuous officers; Rev. Ed- sent a paper entitled, "Reminiscences ward Hume, sent to India by the from Our Quarter-century Mile- American Board in i875; Mrs. Lewis stone," in wh.ich he said: Bond, of the American Board, who Some at this anniversary were present served thirty-six years in Bulgaria; at the founding of the International Mis- Rev. Jacob Chamberlain, Reformed sionary Union in 1884. Rev. G. A. Mitchell, of Canada, was associated with Mr. Os- Church Board, sent out to India in born in this enterprise and gave the address 1859· of welcome. Touching the genesis of this "Review of the World in Mission- Missionary Union, Mr. Osborn had invited Dr. ]. T. Gracey to arrange for a gathering ary Progress of a Quarter of a Cenof missionaries for fellowship and the discussion of missionary topics: Out of these tury," was given in an able paper meetings, or out of Dr. Gracey's brain, prepared by Mr. David McConaughy, came the International Missionary Union. In 1888, Dr. Henry Foster, always alert vice-president of the Union.

to the best interest of God's kingdom, gave At another session the subject of the the Union a hearty invitation to hold the session at his Sanitarium, but not until "Changed Attitude of Non-Christian 18g0 was the Union able to accept this call, Religions," was considered and Bishop and it was then asked to make its perma- nent headquarters at this delightful place. . Harris of the Methodist Church gave The secretary, Mrs. H. ]. Bostwick, an address, which showed the results presented the memorial list of those of his observation in ] apan. members of the Union who have gone He said: to their reward-a list that includes Japan officially recognizes the importance many eminent people. A memorial of religion. Buddhism, is one-half Chrisservice was held for ten members of tianity. Eight-tenths of the Buddhists bethe Union who had died since the last lieve in salvation in Japan, and they get all annual meeting, the list including Miss that is helpful to them from the Bible. Sarah Simpson, sent to In~ia in 1888 The action of the Buddhists when the by the Canadian Baptist. Board; Mrs. Young Men's Christian Association conven- N. ]. Plumb, sent to China in 1873, where she spent thirty-four years tion met in Tokyo, in sending a committee working under the Methodist Episco- to express their welcome, showed a marked changed attitude toward the work. There pal Board; Miss Ella J. Newton, sent is no longer much opposition in Japan toward Christianity. Japan feels her moral responsibility. She feels the need of divine assistance. She feels the need of a deeper spiritual life.

to China in 1878 by the American Mrs. Frances H. Gates, who went Board; Miss Agnes McAllister, a to India as a missionary under the Methodist Episcopal· missionary, sent American Board in 1875, spoke of the to Africa in 1888, where she did changed attitude of the people of In- amidst great isolation a remarkable dia. Rev. A.. Lincoln Wiley, aiso of work. Mrs. Henry H. Jessup, of the the land of the Vedas, said that India Presbyterian Board, sent to Syria in is growing more and more Christian, 1855; Miss Agnes Gibson, who was and the attitude of the educated peo- the eldest woman who went in 1884 to ple in India is encouraging. Rev.

China; Mrs. J. T. Gracey, sent to Ernest Grigg, a Baptist missionary to India in 1861 by the Methodist Epis- Burma said:

I think you will not find a more religious death, and the husband's relatives make it people than the people of Burma but they their business to punish the widow, making are heathen. Since October, 1904, 8,200 her lead a life of the worst imaginable people have been baptized. slavery. One-third of the population of this foreign land are in this condition. Mrs. Sarah E. Newton, who spent The greatest evil in India, and' the thing forty-three years in India, gave a which makes missionary work harder in India than any field in the world, is short address on the same topic. caste. The first missions in India were founded by great churchmen and repre- Rev. J. L. Humphrey, M.D., in sentatives from the Woman's Foreign Mis- sionary Society. After toili-ng thirty years speaking of his recent trip to India, they had 10,000 converts, and in the twenty years that have succeeded this there have where he was a missionary for forty- been 220,000 converts. We have had an increase of 73,000 converts in the last four four years, said; years. The outlook in the near future is vastly better than any of the past. Mass They learn to preach from us. They movements are from the lowest classes. have a large Hindu college in India. One man, who had been preaching Hin- These revivals that have been taking place duism for twenty years, said he came from on the foreign fields have not taken place the field thoroughly disheartened, because by accident. They are the answer of long, he was convinced that they could not reform continuous, earnest prayer toward that end. the people, and lift them up through Hindu- Revivals have not been preached up, but ism. He gave his reasons why, and de- prayed down. clared he was on the verge of becoming a Christian himself. Separate Session Bishop Frank W. Warne, who has Notable sessions were those in been in the forefront of the Indian which discussions showed the progress revival, delivered the annual sermon of medical work in a quarter of a cen- from the text in Daniel: "And in the tury; and the changed attitude of non- days of these kings shall the God of Christian religions toward these and heaven set up a kingdom, which shall educational movements.

never be destroyed; and the kingdom The evening service on Monday was shall not be left to other people, but in charge of Rev. J. Thompson Cole, it shaIl break in pieces and eonsume all who spent eleven years in Japan under these kingdoms and it shall stand for- the Protestant Episcopal Board. The ever." He said: topic was "Changed Interpretation of I suppose you would naturally expect me the Great Commission." to tell you something of the building of the kingdom in .heathen lands. It has been Rev.Thomas Moody, who has been my lot to serve twenty years in India, and I want to tell you what has been done in on the mission field of Central Equathat country. torial Africa since I 88o, related the In India there is one-fifth of the human race. Every fifth baby that is born into story of two young men who went this world looks up into the face of an Indian mother. Our forefathers and their out from his school to their native vilforefathers came from the same country. We fell heir to the Christian faith. They lages and during four years' work fell heir to the vain imaginations of man. All their sufferings and their greatest trials were instrumental in the conversion of are the direct outcome of their religion. six hundred of' their native people. Some folks go through life saying. "Any religion is better than no religion." Re- This was related as only one of many ligion goes to the very depth of their livestheir eating, their baths, their walking, all cases. are a part of their religion. One part of their religion is child~ma~riage. All gir~s One of the special features of the must be married whIle mfants; then, If their husbands die, which is often the case, farewell service was the presence of and many times before they have ever seen them, the) must suffer for it: It i~ believed Archdeacon Thomson, the veteran that some sin that the chIld WIdow has committed is j:he cause of the husband's missionary of the Episcopal Church in China. He went to Shanghai in I8S9, and has been in active work ever since.

REFORM IN

REV. SPENCER LEWIS, D.D.

Nowhere is the marvelous change nized the vital importance of a radical which is coming over China more evi- change in their educational system and dent than in the matter of education. its extension to the masses. They saw Nowhere was it more needed. Al- that the State must do its duty by the ways attaching high value to educa- individual, in order that the individual tion and literary attainments, their might help to make the State strong scholars were only learned in the lore and prosperous.

of their ancient sages. They studied So, along in the seventies, the gov- history, poetry, ethics, and systems of ernment, under the influence of.Yung government and society, but of the Wing, decided upon the policy of send- history of other nations and of sciences ing picked students abroad to study.

they knew almost nothing, and so One hundred were sent to this country were regarded by Westerners as ig- and placed under the best influences norant men. Their memories were in our leading preparatory schools and cultivated, rather than their powers colleges; but after the exclusion act of thought. Every year hundreds of of 1880 they were all withdrawn. I thousands of students gathered for the· was fellow passenger with the most of competitive examinations, by means of them in crossing the Pacific on my which alone literary degrees and offi- first voyage to China in 1881. They cial advancement could be hoped for. talked fair English, many of them Their literary attainments were by no sang a fine tenor, and, on the whole, means to be despised, but the range they seemed like a lot of our own was narrow, and there was little that college boys. Many of them have was helpful in the sphere of practical since held high positions in the ser- affairs. Then, too, the system tended vice of their country, notably Chen- to the production of scholars of a tung Liang Cheng, recently minister narrow sort, rather than to the diffu- to the United States, and Tang Shao sion of useful knowledge among the Yi, who last year negotiated the new masses. Nearly all the women and a Tibetan treaty with Great Britain, and majority of the men could neither read who is now governor of Fengtien, one nor write. There was nothing to of the three new Manchurian prov- correspond to our system of public inces.

schools, and poverty prevented the By our unfriendly attitude toward most of the people from sending their their students coming into this coun- children to private schools. try we missed a rare opportunity to do But a change was coming. Con- China a great service. The treaty was tact with the West was bearing fruit. not intended to exclude students, but The wiser and more thoughtful, espe- the abominable treatment of those who cially those who had studied abroad, tried to enter had that effect in many began to perceive the connection be- cases. Otherwise, instead of scores tween the greatness and prosperity there might have been hundreds and of Western nations and the general thousands educated here and fitted for enlightenment brought about by their the leadership which New China now systems of education. They recog- so sorely needs. We did not know

our opportunity and few cared, until A new style of books is coming into the boycott of our goods compelled vogue in these schools. The beginner our attention. 1 am told that the labor no longer sits dangling his legs from organizations on the Pacific coast used a backless bench, committing to mem- to send men to spy on our customs ory passages from his country's sages, officers, and if one of them treated an written in stilted, classical style, which incoming Chinaman decently, the in- is not spoken and not understood; but, fluence of the organizations was ex- like children in our own country, he erted to cause him to lose his place. studies primers and readers written But the boycott led to an order from in simple, everyday language and il- President Roosevelt to the effect that lustrated with pictures. The study of these Chinese were to be treated cour- the classics is deferred till he has teously. And I am glad to be able to learned to read and write, and has witness to the salutary effect of that some acquaintance with geography, order. Two Chinese boys from the arithmetic, etc. English may be taught Foochow Methodist College, reared in after he has been in school a few Christian homes and never under the years, but it is regarded as only one influence of idolatry, crossed the Pa- of the requisites of a good modern cific in the same cabin with me a few education.

months ago, and entering the port at With the radical change in the Seattle, were treated as courteously methods of teaching comes the de- as we ourselves were. mand for Normal training, and to It is within the last decade, and es- meet this, Normal schools, each with pecially within the last five years, that several hundred students, chiefly Chang Chih Tung, Yuan Ski Kai and taught by Japanese teachers, are found Tuan Fang, the three .greatest leaders in many provincial capitals and large in reform in China, have given special centers. The teachers can not all be impetus and direction to the new edu- taught at once, and for the present cational movement in China, so that are brought in fr0111 their schools for the progress has been by leaps and a year at a time, but later on a two bounds. The progress in the last five years' course will be required.

years has been greater than in the pre- There are also manual-training vious fifty. The competitive examina- schools, industrial schools, technical tions, in vogue for centuries, were en- schools, etc. Of course in this transi- tirely done away with by Imperial tion period there are many things edict less than two years ago, and al- which are crude and many mistakes ready schools after the Western pat- are made, but the Chinese mean busi- tern, from primary to university, are ness and are sure to succeed. Some springing up all over the country. one tells of finding a school in the Last year it was reported that in the country where the instruction in arith- metropolitan province of Chihli alone, metic consisted in the recognition of over which Yuen Shi Kai was viceroy, all the figures from I to 9. In another there were 5,000 primary schools. The case a wowd-be teacher of English number in these schools throughout advertised his ability "to teach English the empire probably realhes into the from A to G."

hundreds of thousands. Many of these new schools have

I908 ] EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN

military drill and the most of them ten times as many of them they would have physical training. Athletic con- all find employment. Thus, while the tests and field-day sports are be- direct influence of our mission schools coming common, tho formerly quite has been great, it may be a question unknown. whether their indirect influence has These new schools in China are not not been greater. This is because all for boys. While, hitherto, scarcely they b.ave been carried on upon a one in one hundred of China's w.omen broad educational as well as Christian could read or write, the necessity is basis. They have been like a leaven now being felt of educating both in a great lump, whose transforming sexes, and many schools for power was slow in its manifestation.

girls are being started. The It might be.thought that the open- Empress Dowager and .Viceroy Tuan ing of so many other schools would Fang are especially warm supporters diminish the attendance upon mission of female education, they and others schools. On the contrary, our schools realizing that China can never attain were never so full. 'In spite of the to a superior civilization while the fact that government and private women remain in the depths of igno- schools are being opened up all over rance and superstition. China, like the country, and that the tuition in Oriental peoples generally, has put a our schools is usually higher than in low estimate upon women, but the theirs, we are still overwhelmed with product of mission schools has shown applicants. The number in attend- them what can be done, and has set ance is limited only by the capacity of them to thinking. When in 1905-6 the school buildings and the size of the Government sent commissioners the teaching force. This is because abroad, the Empress Dowager gave our schools are recognized as the best special instructions to those who came schools, and as their schools improve to this country to visit a typical wom- we must keep ours the best.

an's college. Accordingly they spent The question might be raised wheth- a day at Wellesley, and it is said that er our schools ha"ve not accomplished they were astonished and delighted at their object. If their schools have what they saw. been stimulated into being, what fur- The reader will wish to know the ther need of ours.? We answer that causes of China's marvelous right- they were never so much needed as about-face in th~ matter of education. now, the Chinese the~selves being the The reply is that the chief stimulus judges. In spite of their distinctively has come through the mission schools. Christian character, many non-Chris- Japan, which has one of the best edu- tian parents prefer to send their chil- cational systems in the world, has ex- dren to our schools, because they know ercised a strong influence, but that in- that we will look after their morals, fluence has not been the paramount and not let them run into all kinds of one. The mission schools have been vice and wickedness. They often cau- right at hand and their work and out- tion them against becoming Christians, put noted and approved. The grad- but we rejoice to say that the most of uates of our schools are much sought them do become such before they leave after as teachers, and if there were us. Is not this work well worth while?

Can anyone estimate what it may nosticism. What we do we must do mean to win to Christianity those who quickly. Every year, because it is are to have a leading position in the near, thousands of students are going greatest awakening which has ever to Japan to study, and large numbers come to any people in all history? of them are being corrupted in morals Especially during the last two or three and ruined. We are doing what we years deep and powerful revivals have can to follow them and win them to taken place in many of our educa- Christ, but how much better to reach tional centers. Two years ago in the them at home.

Fouchau College, after the mission- China needs not education only, aries had been meeting for special but Christian education. Never be- prayer every week for nearly a year, fore has Christianity faced such a a revival broke out which resulted in magnificent opportunity. If we fail the conversion of nearly all the stu- to seize this opportunity it will never dents. A few months later there was return. We are pouring out money a similar experience in the Weihien like water for education in America.

Union College, Shantung Province, And I would not that less were given resulting in the conversion of all in here, but only that our large givers the college but four. Si1nilar revi- might realize the great opening in vals have occurred in many other China. What will educate one boy schools and colleges. In both the here will educate from ten to twenty above-mentioned cases a large pr.opor- there. And in the present critical tion of those converted were from non- period in China I believe that a stu- Christian families, and had been in dent educated there would occupy a college under Christian influences less more influential position than the aver- than a year. The conversions were age graduate from a college does here.

characterized by powerful conviction Support is especially needed for the- of sin, with deep repentance and con- ological students. A better trained fession of the same. ministry is needed if we are to reach China is standing at the parting of the educated classes. This matter is the ways. The people are in a recep- of vital importance. While more mis- tive mood and their minds plastic. sionarie~ are sorely needed, it is upon Many of the more intelligent are be- the native ministry that we must coming ashamed of idolatry, but at chiefly depend for the evangelization the same time they are reading ma- of their own people. All our better terialistic and rationalistic literature trained preachers could receive sev- from the West, published in Japan eral times their present pay if they and translated into Chinese. Unless would leave the ministry and heed we make use of our opportunity to put outside calls. These men are worthy a Christian impress upon the educa- of our help, and their work is of para- tion and literature of China, there is mount importance. A thousand dol- great danger that in abandoning idol- lars now will mean more than ten atry the people will drift off into ag- thousand later.

OBERLIN'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE WORLD'S

EVANGELIZATION * .

BY A. W. STAUB Oberlin College, which has just cel- work, and being intensely abolitionist ebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary, in sentiment, they were excluded from was itself a missionary enterprise many communities, but a fine field for growing out of the great revival of usefulness was often found among the 1830-33. It was the desire to establish colored people of southern Ohio, and a community and college which should the 20,000 ex-slaves who had fled to contribute to the evangelization of the Canada for refuge. By 1840 it is said Mississippi Valley, then the "New that no less than eighty were thus em- West," that brought the two mission- ployed, for the most part without sal- ary founders, Shipherd and Stewart, ary, receiving only food and shelter to the regions of northern Ohio. But for their services.

while their hearts and their eyes were Soon after slavery was abolished in first set upon "the desolate valley," the British West Indies, an Oberlin they were not blind to the needs of mission was founded in Jamaica by "the dying world," as is evident from David S. Ingraham, who, while so- a statement in the first catalog, which journing in Cuba in the search of reads: health, conceived the idea of a mission Its grand object is the diffusion of use- to these needy freedmen, to be carried ful scienc~ sound morality and pure re- on independently of any outside asligion among the growing multitudes of sistance. For fifteen years the call for recruits was extended, and was rethe Mississippi Valley. It aims, also, at bearing an important part in extending sponded to, until in all thirty-six had these blessings to the destitute millions gone forward. For several years these which' overspread the earth. much-enduring men and women de- One of the earliest associations or- pended almost wholly upon the labors ganized among the students was a mis- of their own hands. They built their sionary society, composed of 'those own dwellings, as well as chapels and who contemplated a life work in the schoolhouses. After a decade or two foreign field. it became evi<.lent that the spiritual The first Oberlin student to enter well-being of this island might, with upon missionary service went out wisdom, be turned over to the hands under the American Board to the of British Christians, so that no more Sandwich Islands in 1836, but from reenforcements were sent and, with a this time on, for many years, the few exceptions, the missionaries took earnest anti-slavery feeling on the part their departure and sought service of the Oberlin students, and the some- elsewhere.

what dubious attitude of the American In 1839 a Spanish ship, the Amistad, Board on the subject of slavery, com- came into port at New London, Conn., bined to prevent Oberlin men and having on board nearly fifty native women from receiving appointments Africans who had been brought to from the board. Under these condi- Havana, and sold to slave-traders to tions, the idea of self-sustaining mis- be transported to Principe, 300 miles sions was very generally favored, and distant. On the passage they were a large amount of independent mis- told by the ship's cook that they were sionary work was accomplished. to be killed and eaten upon reaching Much of this, very naturally, was ex- Principe. This so excited them that pended among the colored people, at they ros.e upon the crew, killed the home and abroad. cook, put their owners in irons, and During the long vacations, many of dealt out to them bread and water in the students engaged in deputation such rations as they had received from * From The Intercollegian.

them, and ordered the pilot to take cause of the advancing tide of immi- them to Africa, but he brought them gration. .

to the American coast. Their owners, In 1846 the American Missionary backed by the Spanish Government, Association was organized at Albany, claimed the Africans as slaves, and the N. Y., and Prof. George Whipple, of government at Washington, with de- Oberlin College, was appointed secre- cided' pro-slavery tendencies, was tary, which office has since been fil1ed ready to favor the claim. But the by a succession of Oberlin men. Ober- anti-slavery sentiment throughout the lin students have been connected with country was intensely moved; promi- this work in large numbers, as nent rnen in New York and Boston preachers and teachers, both in ele- took up the case, and after a series of mentary schools in city and country, trials in the United States courts, they and in the institutions for higher edu- were declared free. "They were kid- cation, such as Berea Col1ege, Fisk naped Africans, and not slaves." The University, Talladega College, Atlanta plan was soon formed of making them University, Straight University, Em- a nucleus of a mission to West Africa. erson Institute, Howard University, As it was to be an anti-slavery mis- and other similar schools for the sion, Oberlin was naturally cal1ed upon colored people. As early as 1860 it to furnish the pioneer missionaries. was estimated that Oberlin had con- The Mendi Mission was thus estab- tributed no less than $100,000 to the lished, and within a short time fifteen treasury of the American Missionary students had consecrated themselves Association and nine-tenths of its to this field. Of these, eight died in missionaries, or had educated 147 of the mission and the rest were com- the men and women in its employ.

pel1ed, sooner or later, to return to Such enterprises as these absorbed this country for their health. The pre- the missionary activity of Oberlin men cious lives thus sacrificed might seem and women, and it is only within a too great a price to pay for the work comparatively few years that the work accomplished, but no word of regret of the American Board has come dis- was ever heard from those who so tinctively before them in such a way willingly gave themselves to this task. as to enlist their interest and command The Indians of the Great West early their service. There had been indi- attracted the attention of the Oberlin vidual cases of students entering the students. As early as 1837, several service of the Board in different fields, families left for Oregon, which was as Turkey in Europe and in Asia, In- then more difficult to reach than is the dia, Siam, China, Japan, South Africa, heart of Africa to-day. These mission- the Sandwich Islands and Micronesia.

aries were able to do verv little for the Some, too, engaged in foreign work, Indians, because they could not follow under other societies, in South Amer- them in their wanderings; but they ica, in Haiti, in India, and in Burma, were powers in carrying Christian civ- but about 1880 there came a revival ilization to those remote lands. In of interest, six having gone to South order to send out the twenty young Africa, four to West Africa, two to men and women who were bent upon India and seven to China.

doing work for the Ojibways in the At this time the "Oberlin China remote Northwest, the Western Evan- Band" was organized by a group of gelical Missionary Society was organ- theological students, under the leader- ized in 1843. There is probably no ship of Dr. Judson Smith, then a pro- mission field on the face of the earth fessor of Church history in the Semi- more difficult to reach than was this at nary. This was a student movement the time. The work was carried for- which preceded the Student Volunteer ward through a period of sixteen Movement by six years. The Province years, when it was discontinued be- of Shansi in North China was as-

MARTYRS' MEMORIAL ARCH, OBERLINJ

Cuurtes)' of The Intercoll egian.

GRAVES OF OBERLIN MARTYRS IN SHANSI

908 ] OBERLIN'S CONTRIBUTION TO EVANGELIZATION 61

signed to them by the Board as a landers. If to these we add the numspecial field, and they were determined ber of students who served the Master to concentrate their efforts upon this through the American Missionary Asone field and to hold themselves re- sociation, and such as toiled in the sponsible for its evangelization. Fur- South and West just as efficiently thermore, the mission was to be edu- under the auspices of no society, the cational, rather tl<tan evangelistic in total of Oberlin's missionaries would character, and a "New Oberlin" was not fall short of 1,000. to be projected on Chinese soiL The year 1900 found two stations, with Nor is the remarkable story yet sixteen missionaries, two churches, fully told. Oberlin provides for mistwo hospitals and several good sionaries a place for rest and recuperaschools. The entire mission was tion when they return to America on wiped out by the Boxers-aJ1 of the furlough, as well as care and educamissionaries on the field were mar- tion for their children when these tyred with their children, in addition must be left behind. There are often a score of adult missionaries and to many native workers. seventy-five children sojourning in the It was not strange that these men community, and for their comfort two buildings are in use, Judson Cottage should desire to emphasize the educa- and Tank Home, costing with the tional side of missionary work. The grounds nearly $30,000. Missionary manual labor arrangement at Oberlin enthusiasm in the college still runs made it necessary that the college high, as is evident from the present should continue in session during the Volunteer Band, with an enrolment summer, and have its long vacation in of fifty-three members. winter. The winter schools through the country called for young men and It is significant that during the year young women as teachcrs. Thus the in which Oberlin is to celebrate her way opened for large numbers of seventy-fifth anniversary, a forward students to find employment in teach- step should be taken in the evangeliing. At one time, when statistics zation of the Shansi Province, which rests upon the Oberlin constituency as were taken, it was found that 530 a special responsibility. With the students went out to teach in a single missionary zeal which characterized year. Consequently there were special the earlier years in evangelistic and educational enterprises of a missionary educational enterprises, and in the character, in the establishment of light of the most modern missionary which Oberlin students had a share, methods, the cherished hopes of the such as Olivet and Hillsdale colleges "China Band" of a generation ago are in Michigan, Tabor and Iowa colleges in Iowa, Ripon College in Wisconsin, to be fulfilled by the students of to-day. Drury College in Missouri, and Carle- As early as 1903 recruits went out to ton College in Minnesota, besides take the place of some of the fallen several schools in the South already martyrs, and now the nine Oberlin mentioned. men and women who have gone forth have practically reconstructed the The handbook of the Volunteer evangelistic and medical work of the Band of Oberlin College mentions 110 Shansi Mission. Nor is the educanames of former students who are tional idea which was originally enternow at work in the foreign field. If tained by the pioneers to be neglected. to these we should add the number of those who in earlier years went forth There has recently been organized at to proclaim the sovereignty of Jesus Oberlin the "Shansi Memorial Asso- Christ, nearly 275 could be cataloged. ciation," which has as its purpose the Probably 600 would not be too large a desire to perpetuate the memory of figure to include all who heralded the those who suffered martyrdom in the glad tidings to the Indians, the Shansi field, by promoting in every Freedmen and the Mountain High- possible way and increasing to every

extent the educational work of the developed into an institution of higher Shansi Mission. learning. For this work three men have already been appointed, who The association aims to develop a have their support permanently system of education along modern pledged by business men, and who lines, rather than an institution. expect to reach the field during the Twenty or twenty-five day schools are present year. Alumni and friends are to be established under the direction generously supporting the project, and of Chinese Christian students as soon it is the earnest desire of all who are as possible. Private schools, corre- interested in this new organization that sponding to the Chinese family schools, it may prove to be another successful are to be organized. Two academies, means of increasing Oberlin's contrione at each station, are to be founded, bution to the world's evangelization. and one of these is ultimately to be THE PROBLEM OF EVANGELIZING EUROPE * BY BISHOP WILLIAM BURT, D.O.

Why is it that Christians in America hand to save those great nations send missionaries to Europe? Is not from utter ruin? Europe Christian? These questions are often asked by intelligent and V"hen it comes to the Roman earnest Christian people. We an- Catholic Church, it is even worse, swer: Yes, some parts of Europe are for here we have Jesuitical aggres- Christian, but if you ask do the siveness in addition to the other Greek Church and the Roman Cath- evils. I speak as I do because of olic Church and rationalistic Prot- what I have seen and know. Roman estantism truly represent Christian- Catholicism, as it is represented in ity, without any sense of bigotry or Rome and Roman Catholic countries, denominationalism, I must frankly is closely akin to paganism, in its say that they do not. Weare face conception, in its forms of wor- .to face in Europe with great prob- ship and in its ultimate result on lems presented by the Greek Church, the human character. This I have and especially by the Roman Catho- found not simply in Italy and other lic Church. parts of Europe, but also on the Ma- deira Islands and on the west coast First, whatever they may say in of Africa. An American who betheir theological books to the con- comes a Roman Catholic, as a rule trary, the Greek Church does not simply adopts the manners and ceregive the Word of God to the peo- monies of the Roman Church and ple, and what people can be Chris- cuts loose from the rigid natural tian without the Blest Book? They laws which he had to govern him in reduce religion to forms and cere- his pagan idolatry. His last state is monies, and the people are left in often worse than the first. the darkest ignorance. What is the result? As education is spreading Romanism sets up papal authority to-day in Bulgaria, in some parts of in place of the individual conscience, Russia and other places where the and as a result the people of every Greek Church is, the people are clime and every language who have rushing madly into infidelity or into felt only its influence have been rea sort of spiritualism. Since this is duced to ignorance, superstition and the case, whose duty is it to be on servility.

Have we not a mission to such … A report of a talk given at the Bible Teachers' Training School, New York, by Dr. Burt, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who represents the work of that church jn Europe.

Reprinted from The Bible Record.

PROBLEM OF EVANGELIZING EUROPE 6I5

people? We must preach to them wanted lessons in English, so I gave individual responsibility to God, sal- her some lessons in English if she vation through Christ alone and the would teach me Italian. As soon as need of feeding on God's Word, she could read a little I gave her not only for the salvation of Italy, an English New Testament and took Spain and France, but also for the for myself an Italian New Testasalvation of America. Let us not ment. As we read along, I had to be content with mere formal or nom- explain to her the Word of Truth. inal Christianity. What a blessing Then as I began to write a few brief it is to us when, if instead of simply sermons, I had to preach them to studying the Word of God scientific- her first so that she might correct ally, we also retain the evangelical the language, and thus the truth fervor and blest spirit of God to il- came into her heart. luminate the Word and inspire us so that we may understand it. She rose up from one position to another in her profession as teacher I believe most earnestly, as a mis- in the public schools, and finally besionary for the past twenty-five came the directress of the Normal years, in individual work. The College in the city of Milan, and she Roman Catholic Church and the had no less than 700 young ladies Greek Church delegate everything under her care, preparing to be pub-· to the priesthood. The people give lie school-teachers in Italy. Thus a power of attorney to the priests, she was exerting a tremendous into act for them in everything that fluence, and that seed of truth dropt pertains to religion. But we should into her heart while studying Engbe, each one of us, missionaries of lish was exerting its influence in the the truth of the blest Gospel that hearts of hundreds in her school. we profess to enjoy in our own personal experiences. The progress of The Jesuits became alarmed and the kingdom of God to-day, in the made trouble for her and she was world, as it was in New Testament suspended for a while; but she took times, is dependent upon the per- up the cudgel in the public press and sonal testimony and personal work fought her case through, and apof every individual who professes to pealed to the Counsel of State, and be a disciple of Jesus Christ. was reinstated in her position in that great institution in the city of Milan. I went to Italy in I 886. Arriving When we are working for the conat Milan, I was appointed to a dis- version of a man or woman, we do trict and I could not speak the Ital- not know how far our influence may ian language at all. How should I extend. Let us do our duty and God learn it? I found a young lady who will take care of the results.

PRESENT OUTLOOK IN LATIN

BY REV. PROF. G. LUZZI, D.O., FLORENCE There has never been in the history cepts, is no longer a directing force in their of modern religious thought in the life; churchgoing men are a small number; Latin countries a moment more inter- churchgoing women are slowly becoming esting, more important, and richer in rarer, and the young are growing up more facts than that which is passing before than ever refractory to all religious edu- cation. us to-day. I shall commence by giv- "To-day," writes Sibilla, in his important ing a bird's-eye view of Roman Cathol- "Lettere Ghibelline," "an unbeliever, deicism in these countries; then glance sirous of entering the Catholic Church, at the actual conditions of Evangelical finds things changed. He seeks the living work, and see, finally, what direction God, and sees before him a system of dogthese conditions suggest to us should matics encircled by cast-iron formulas· he be taken effectually to work for the sees in Catholicism a complex legislation, triumph of the Kingdom of God. similar to the rules omfajaestcyivailndcosdter·~ntghteh 1. The present conditions of Roman hierarchy has all the Catholicism in the Latin countries. of a Constantine organization. The sum- – I avail myself of a description mus pontifex was for centuries a temporal of the present religious condition of prince and still maintains the dignity of a Latin society, drawn, not by a Prot- throne and a court, and exercises the funcestant, but from an open letter by a Roman Catholic pen. It was written tions of a prince; if other princes do him recently by a number of priests, and homage, according to rules of diplomacy, addrest to Pius X. It is headed, he receives them; otherwise he ignores "What we Want." them. All this, which was the natural Our society has for some years entirely held aloof from the Church, which it con- result of a slow historical evolution, has siders as an ancient and inexorable foe. The old cathedrals, which the piety of free, given to Catholicism great dignity and has believing peoples in the Middle Ages raised to the Virgin and to patron saints are rendered it organically more secure, more utterly deserted; men no longer care to draw from religion the strength and light united, stronger; but has raised rouud the necessary for the soul agitated by daily struggles; respect and veneration for all Holy City a mighty wall, which renders that has been held most sacred from the cradle has vanished. And not that alone, access difficult to outsiders, who find but the Church is considered an obstacle to the happiness of the nations; the priest themselves confronted by too many obstais insulted in public as a common, ignorant parasite; the Gospel and Christianity are cles to enable them to enter the Church of regarded as expressions of a decayed civili- the Lord." zation, because they are entirely insufficient to answer to· the ideals of freedom, justice, Such a picture only too faithfully and science, which are shaking and moving reproduces the reality. The causes the masses. This state of things has been which have produced these disastrous extending from the university to the work- effects are many and complex. Those shop, from populated cities to the open which the spiritually minded, who sigh country; and everything has worked to- for a reformation within the Church, gether efficiently to this end-the periodi- principally emphasize, are the followcal, the daily newspaper, the novel, the ing: anonymous libel, the sparkling eloquence of the tribune, the low vulgar song of the 1. The crystallization of dogma; an street. evil which does not take into account the fact that human thought evolves Few have remained faithful to their itself in the religious not less than religious ·traditions, and even this minority in other spheres. shJWS symptoms of decay and lifelessness. For these few, religion, with its cold ob- 2. Ecclesiastical tyranny, which perservance of formulas and traditional pre- secutes and condemns every attempt at critical and exegetical study of the sacred documents.

3. The thirst of the Vatican for tem- poral power, and its disdain of present- day democratic aspirations.

4. The excessive formalism which extinguishes any spark of true relig- ious life in the people.

5. The mass of grossly superstitious elements which have filtered into the Roman Catholrc form of Christianity and which keeps the modern soul and II. The present condition of Evangeli- conscience at a distance from Christ. cal work in these Latin countries.

To fight against these causes a num- The gospel is at work everywhere ber of learned and brave priests and among us. In Italy we are fighting writers have arisen, prepared for any energetically at the very gates of the sacrifice. In France, Hogan, Houtin, Vatican, and every day are gaining Loisy, Laberthonniere, Lagrange, Bat- ground. In almost all the principal tifol; in Italy, Murri, Fogazzaro, the cities and in several country places members of the Pious Society of St. many flourishing churches and other Jerome, and a host of others, with important stations have arisen.

books, reviews, and by preaching, con- In France the Gospel is in touch tinue the work started by Lamennais, with the finer part of the nation; it Rosmini, Vincenzo Gioberti and Lam- ' has influenced and is influencing the bruschini. The reforming movement, Roman Catholic clergy, which in that begun in France, has spread into Italy, country is better taught than in the and will before long- manifest itself other Latin countries; it has pene- also in Spain. Every day it grows trated into Parliament and into the in extent and intensity, and the Vati- government, and it is forcing general can is troubled by it, because it now attention by means of a superior re- seems that to prevent its extension, ligious literature.

neither menaces from the Holy Office If in Spain the results are not so vis- nor suspensions a divinis are sufficient. ible as in Italy and France, it is not Besides the "Open Letter to Pius for want of zealous, conscientious and X." and the "Lettere Ghibelline," from self-denying workers, but is due to which I have already quoted, a number unfortunate surroundings.

of other pamphlets and books have Allow me to touch lightly on the been lately published, pleading for a principal difficulties which the Gospel reformation of the Church from with- meets with in these lands, and which in. The most noteworthy of all is are common to the whole Latin race, one entitled "A Crisis of Souls in The first difficulty lies in that disas- Catholicism," which has been distrib- trous trinity, Ignorance, SU]Jerstition, uted in many thousands among the and Fanaticism, which we find always clergy and in the seminaries of Italy. indissolubly united.

All these publications are so many In Italy, with 33,476,000 inhabitants, cries wrung from the breasts of the 13 millions are illiterate; and in Spain, young, cultured, and more vigorous with about 19 million inhabitants, six- members of the clergy, awake in the ty-eight per cent can neither read nor living present. "We are not rebels," write; while, at the same time, it re- they say, "but sincere Catholics; and, joices in 43,328 RomanCatholic priests as such, we desire to stand up for the and 28,549 nuns! Superstition is salvation of Christianity." In the encouraged, not only by the ignorance pamphlet, "A Crisis of Souls in Cathol- of the people, but also by a good part icism," after having spoken of the of the aristocracy, who take advantage reforms they dream of, they conclude of it to serve their own ends; even by saying: "These changes will come now and then some prince of the royal by the inexorable force of things; and blood does not disdain, as happened even if men are able but slowly to recently, to assist in person at the lique- accustom themselves to them, still faction of the blood of San Gennaro these changes will be so vast and at Naples!

varied as to astonish, if they live Superstition is the natural outcome some ten years more or so, many of of ignorance; and fanaticism conse- those timid followers who now do quently has full sway on a ground their best to retard Catholicism in its thus well prepared. It is not surpri- forward march." zing if, in Calabria, Roman Catholic

preachers give way to unheard-of ex- tolerance-a sort of "debit and credit travagances in their pulpits, even to account" of conscience with God; an beating a crucifix with their fists, to account which the priest regulates in show by an object-lesson how the sin- the equivocal and mysterious shadows ner treats Jesus; if, in the Vatican to- of the confessional. day, at the beginning of the twentieth century, they still dare to sell repro- What shall we say then? That in ductions of the medal struck by Greg- the holy crusade of the kingdom of ory XIII. to commemorate the mas- God against evil the powers of hell sacre of the Huguenots; and if the will prevail ? Never! Who can be- Holy Office, in the full blaze of the lieve that they will prevail when one light of the 3rd August, 1903, had the thinks of the Waldenses of Italy, of courage to sanction a religious act the Huguenots of France and of the which consists in swallowing small martyrs of the Inquisition in Spain? . images of the Virgin and saints! Four centuries before the Reforma- The second difficulty is unbelief; tion, the Waldenses of Italy had alwhich is nothing else, when sifted, ready worked and suffered much for than the reaction against Roman the Gospel, and their history is written Catholicism. The Church has imposed in blood from Calabria up to the valtoo many absurdities on the faith of leys of Piedmont. the people, and the people have shaken off the yoke and ended with believing The sufferings of the Huguenots in nothing. in France are recorded in the sacred book of Christian martyrdom; .and And it has come to this. The peo- while the memory of those who have ple have lost all sense of true religious fallen for the faith in Spain is sacred discrimination. They have become and dear to every Christian heart, the unable to distinguish between the names of Torquemada, Diego Deza, Christianity of Christ and Roman Ximenes of Cisneros, Charles V. and Catholicism; all that refers to religion Philip II. make, even now, not only is Romanism and is therefore to be everyone who calls himself Christian, rejected. but all those who have a sense of what is beautiful, good, just and true, trem- The third difficulty arises from So- ble with horror. cialism, which has in Latin lands the special characteristic of being essen- If God allows the blood of martyrs tially atheistic. Socialist and believer, to .be shed, He certainly does not inwith us, is a contradiction in terms. tend it to be shed in vain. The testi- Judging from the present state of mony of the Gospel was never altothings, perhaps Ruggero Bonghi was gether stamped out in Latin countries; not wrong when he said that in Latin and the very existence of this testicountries the final and decisive strug- mony, which no work of man, but God gle will not be between Christianity only by His grace, has always kept and Romanism, but between Chris- alive, is a warrant that the Latin countianity and Socialism. tries also, in the day and hour of God's providence, will form part of the The fourth difficulty, which is the "Heritage of Christ." most serious of all, lies in the blunting of the moral sense, in the absolute III. The attitude which the present want of a perception of sin, and in the Roman Catholic alld Evangelical almost complete atrophy of conscience, co·nditiol1S suggest in order that which, in Latin races, are the lamenta- the kingdom of God may triumph. ble results of an ecclesiastical teaching which makes religion consist in the In our Latin countries the Evanformal observance of ritual and in the gelical principles which are the guidblind obedience to external authority, ing force of all the missionary enterand which creates a standard of mor- prise carried on there are sound, als which is the negation of the Gos- strong and pure principles. Either pel; a standard of morals of easy they are the sacred heritage of our fathers, who, in the solemn hour of

THE PRESENT OUTLOOK IN LATIN COUNTRIES 61

trial found, in these very convictions, consciences of the clergy and the laity. the strength to "endure the cross, de- They must remain and complete with spising the shame"; or they are the all their strength, from within, that principles brought to us by brethren work of destruction and renovation beyond the Alps and beyond the sea; which we have for long sought to acby brethren who are part of that great complish from without. missionary family, the better, healthier and more spiritual part of the Church. There are three reasons for taking this course: These principles, however, are face to face at the present moment with a 1. Because, were the lVlodernists to number of fresh needs created, on one leave the .Church of Rome, altho, withside, by the new attitude taken up by out doubt, they might do good work in the modern Roman Catholic party, the Evangelical Church, yet they and, on the other, by the claims of would no longer have the influence, modern scientific and religious thought. nor the opportunity which they now, possess to do the great work they are As regards our attitude toward the doing. This the Vatican knows and modern tendency in Roman Catholi- it is a mystery to nobody. The best cism, my conviction is that we must way in which the Modernists could seek to understand these Modernists; please the Pope would be by leaving we must sympathize with them with- the Church of Rome. out forcing- them to come out from the Church of Rome. Those who are born 2. Because the Modernists are not in Protestant lands and of Protestant prepared to become Protestants. In parents can have but little idea of the the first place, for the present they point of view of those whose ancestral (with some exceptions) are more enreligion is Roman Catholicism, or of grossed with intellectual than with the working of a conscience which has spiritual questions. Prezzolini well been formed and educated in a Roman says : "Were you to ask the lfodern- Catholic atmosphere. They who live ists what Catholicism is suffering in Christ and have Christ living in from, they would point to the head; them can not always understand the and were you to ask the remedy, they tenacity with which those priests, who would show you a library." It is have not entirely learned Christ, cling useless, therefore, to think of their to the principle of an external author- joining our ranks until much more ity, as a drowning man clings to the important questions are added, to the plank which supports him. Perhaps intellectual ones-I mean those that we take too little into account the belong to the conscience and heart. benefits that the Papacy rendered to humanity in her darkest and most crit- And, in the second place, the Modernical days, and therefore do not appreciate enough how fascinating for those ist movement is at present passing priests is the dream of seeing, some through a period of acute reaction, time or other, the historic and eccle- which, of itself, tends to undue exagsiastic organization of Romanism rec- geration. The Modernists, in fact, onciled with the spirituality of primi- have accepted blindly and without distive Christianity. cussion the conclusions of the most advanced German hypercriticism. In my opinion, it is a grave error "Their biblical criticism," says Sibilla, to urge the Modernists to leave the "has produced a great commotion in Church of Rome. It is wise to advise the orthodox camp. The cause of them to remain; wise to exhort them this is to be sought in the enthusiasm to persevere in their protests, to shake of tHe new Modernists who too readily the foundations of the already totter- accept every novelty without reserve, ing Colossus, to complete the ruin of without that 'long study and great that tyrannical authority which, for love' which should be the necessary so many centuries, has dominated the preparation for the fight." We thus see this strange spectacle-those who yesterday were the slaves of the in-

fallible Pope are to-day to be seen arm hold, for historical reasons, from inin arm with the boldest rationalists and herited tendencies and from racial inwith critics who have abused and are clinations; and the Episcopal form, still abusing the sacred right of free we know, is as compatible with the inquiry. Now, all this is easily under- Christian spirit as the Presbyterian or stood, but it is clear that it can not last. Congregationalist form. The Modernists must, if they do not want to fail utterly, seek for and find I am now convinced that not all their balance. They must turn their Modernists have realized what transthoughts toward the Christ, not of crit- formation Romanism would have to icism, but of the Gospel, in order to undergo to become a truly Christian arrive at a positive and Christ-centred Church. I am more than persuaded belief. If ever they decide to come that experience has much to teach out from where they are, they must do them which at present they do not so only when they are in a position to suspect they need to learn. But, know, not only what they are leaving, granted that in the providence of God but also, and above all, whither they their dream should become an historiare going. cal fact, I can not conceive what harm there would be in having, in our Latin 3. Becau5e the ideal which Modern- countries, a strong Episcopal Christian ists are seeking is not, as many call Church, which, accentuating what is it, "a dream," "a chimera," "a Utopia." essential with the same energy with Who calls it thus speaks thoughtlessly, which, in the past, it accentuated wh:J.t ignores much, and what he knows he is accessory, should work in full C0111knows too superficially. munion of spirit and love alongside our Presbyterian, Methodist and Con- What is the ideal of the Modernists? gregational churches for the glory "The ideal which we have in view," of Christ and the triumph of His kingthey say, in their "Programma," "is dom. that of a church once more the spiritual director of souls in their laborious The Preaent Crisis pilgrimage toward the distant goal to which the Spirit of God, which is a As for the crisis through which Spirit of brotherhood and peace, is lead- modern religious thought is passing, ing them. And our efforts are directed let us not think that we are being to instil into minds this new conscious- spared. Quite the contrary. ness of the everlasting destinies of Catholicism in the world." This Never so much as now has the need Church is, for them, the "Church of been felt of distinguishing between their fathers," "which, however," says these two things, which, for long, Don Romolo Murri, in his book on have been confounded-religion and "La Politica CIericale e la Demo- theology. Religion is spirit, is life. crazia," "must be internally reinvigo- is the throbbing of the divine within rated and externally reduced to right us; theology is the human attempt to proportions; all extraneous and hurtful give a body to this spirit-the human elements must be removed from relig- attempt to explain the phenomena of ious profession, and religion must be that divine life and to translate these presented and made to live as the explanations into exact scientific forreligion of the spirit and of liberty; mulas. Religion, therefore, can not in short, clericalism must be fought change; it is what it is; but theology, against for the benefit of religion, which explains and formulates religwhich must, above all, be detached ious phenomena, can change, and of from the survival of the political and necessity must change, in accordance parasitical habits which are so multi- with the change and progress of form and tenacious." To the epis- thought. It is easy to agree in recopal form of the "Church of their ligion; it is not so easy to agree in Fathers," the Modernists tenaciously theology. The important point is not agreement in formula, which merely explains and sums up; the important

PRESENT OUTLOOK IN LATIN COUNTRIES

point is agreement in the substance of and by experience; the wilful rebellion which draws the creature away from divine things and in the moral and his Creator; the guilt which deserves punishment; the evil germ which so spiritual experience of Christianity. corrupts human nature as to render i[ incapable of morally redeeming itself. And what about the results of crit- 3. A personal Savior, divine and icism? . Let the results of human-not merely divine, for so He would be too far above us; not merely criticism be welcome, if it be earnest, human, for so He would be too much like ourselves and therefore unable to conscientious criticism, not inspired save us; but divine and human at the same time, as the Gospel teaches. by love of novelty, but by love of truth, 4. An eternal Spirit, who makes and in absolute submission to God. real in the individual believer what Christ has virtually accomplished for Let them be welcome if they corrobo- all, by His life and by His death.

rate our faith, if they clear up many 5. A Word of God, a Revelation from God, of which the Scriptures uncertainties, if they give us a more are the inspired document.

exact, more rigorously scientific un- Latin countries, as every other country at the present time, have new derstanding of the documents of rev- needs and new ideals. My profound conviction is that these needs and elation than that which we had before. ideals do not require the creating of a new Christianity;' what they need Sibilla says truly, in the "Lettere Ghi- is simply the old Christianity; that is to say, not a Christianity without the belline"-"Those who fear biblical Cross, as many philosophical and theo- logical speculations would have it, but criticism show but little faith in their the truly historical Christianity, which has the Cross for its center-that faith, or think little of science, which Cross which is intimately connected with sin and guilt and which, through is, nevertheless, the pride of reason." the tragic crisis of repentance. and faith, reconciles the sinner to his God, The Reformation, it is said, found develops a new and holy principle of life, and makes existence once again the principle of religious authority in a thing worthy of both man and God.

the Church and transferred it from We shall seek to give to this Chris- tianity a newer, larger, more living, the Church to the Bible; to-day we more judicious, more intense applica- tion. Yet the Christianity which we must continue and complete the work will glory to announce will be always the Christianity for which our fathers of the Reformation by transferring lived and died-the Christianity which has renewed us in mind, conscience this principle of authority from the and heart. The old Christianity, and yet young with an eternal youth-the Bible to the person of Christ. But let Christianity of Christ. That Chris- tianity has been sufficient in the past the Christ, thus become the new cen- and will suffice forever. Europe needs a knowledge of true Christianity. ter of religious authority, be the Christ of the Scriptures; the whole Christ, not a fragmentary Christ; not a Christ the outcome of philosophical and theological speculation, but the Christ foreshadowed in the old Cove- nant, seen afar off by the Prophets of old-the Christ of the Gospels-the Christ of Peter, of Paul, of John-in one word, the Christ of God.

We may be disposed to revise, to rectify and accept many things, but the foundation must remain intact and intangible; the foundation that God has laid, which can not be removed without the whole edifice tumbling down. And this is the foundation: I. A heavenly Father; transcendent, but at the same time immanent in the universe, and ever near to those who call on Him.

2. Sin; not the superficial fact con- ceived by modern speculation, but the tragic fact affirmed by the Scriptures

EDITORIALS THE LORD'S PRESENT HELP way to Africa. One was young Wil- mot Brooke; and the other a Sudanese When Mr. W. D. Rudland accepted lad, who, after seeing his father murhis missionary appointment for China, dered before his eyes, and having been Mr. J. Hudson Taylor said to him: sold as a slave, was at last rescued and "The mission may become bankrupt, brought to England by the Rev. C. T. but the Lord never can; difficulties Wilson, of the C. M. S. And yet with may occur which would hinder funds all this we say, 'Lord Jesus, come from being sent inland, but the Lord quickly.' It was not Christ's comwould be inland." And so it has proved mand which sent us to Africa in the for forty years. This whole history first instance, but the tragic death of is one of men and money provided in Livingstone. With one of'the many answer to prayer. But this by no church steeples in this land we could means relieves Goel's stewards from supply te.n missionaries; and so, in weighing carefully their own responsi- many cases, instead of pointing the bility and duty, and discharging it con- road to heaven, they are blocking up scientiously. A prominent missionary, the way." whose inadequate salary was long overdue, and whose temporal needs While one church edifice in Canada were so pressing as to make impossi- was in course of erection at a great ble the effectiveness of his work, and cost, it occurred to an official that who at the same time saw many of it would improve the appearance to his fellow workers similarly hin- have one imposing doorway in front dered, wrote significantly these solemn instead of three, as planned. To make words: the alteration there was expended an additional sum sufficient to have met "This, however, the Master will the expenses of placing ten missioncharge to somebody as a grievous aries in China, including outfit! Thus fault." Somebody will have to answer by opening ,un'de doors at home, still to God at His judgment seat for the wider doors were left unentered curtailed supplies and straitened abroad! means which make missionary work a partial failure through inadequate sup- THE SOUTH AND NEGRO port. On the other hand, what a privilege to be so at His disposal as to EVANGELIZATION be used by Him to answer the prayers of His devoted servants for the supply Rev. W. A. Byrd, Ph.D., a gradof their needs. uate of Princeton Seminary and now President of Cotton-plant College, LESS STEEPLE-MORE GOSPEL Arkansas, writes a protest against some of the statements made in Mr. We are reminded of the late Regi- Wells's article which appeared in our nald Radcliffe, who, in an address de- June number. Hon. W. Calvin Wells, livered in England, some years ago, of Jackson, Miss., writes from a said: "A few weeks 'ago I had to do Southern standpoint; and President with one of the largest parishes in the Byrd gives credit for the truth and world, the Sudan, 2,000 miles long and force of much that was said in Mr. 500 miles broad, with a population of Wells's article. He admits that sevenfrom fifty to seventy millions, prose- ty-five per cent of the negroes of lytized by Mohammedans, and as yet America are very little removed from never touched by British missions. All African barbarism. This large class the Protestant churches of England of ignorant negroes follow their leadand America have so far given to this ers blindly, apparently preferring even land only two lads, who, a few weeks the ignorant and the false to the enago. sailed down the Mersey on their lightened and the true. The negro preachers in too many instances are the Golden Rule. Many big-hearted worse than their followers. President men in the South like Mr. Wells say: Byrd writes: elevate the negro, educate him, pre- "Most Southern white men have pare him for American life, but deny never striven to have the negroes on him the right to vote and give it to their plantations enlightened and his white brother however ignorant?

christianized. They have given them Does Mr. Wells think that Christ ac- over to the ignorant and unprepared cepts this discrimination? Mr. Wells teachers of the negro race to lead, and says that the negro should be satisfied have allowed these negroes to sink with being protected and should not year by year deeper and deeper into desire to have the franchise. The man degradation, giving them a mere pit- that would deny him the franchise tance for their labor. This inadequate when he deserves it is not capable of pay for labor' has driven the young protecting the negro, for if he will do negro to thriftlessness and vagrancy. him wrong in one instance what assur- The maintaining of dens in almost all ance has the negro that he will not Southern cities by white men who refuse him justice in other cases, espe- largely control municipal affairs, has cially if the rights of his race come in driven the vagrant negro still lower. question.

The negro who has been driven out of "We agree with Mr. Wells that the politics, deprived of the ballot and the grace of God is the only means by right to say who will rule him, who which the negro can be elevated and will sit on his jury and who will pass saved. I would say further that this sentence on him, and this being done grace must not be obscured by political by his white neighbor and without fantoms. There has never been any protest against the injustice by the danger in the South of negro domina- white preacher, has made it so that the tion. The negro desires not control, negro has no confidence in the relig- but justice and opportunity to elevate ious teaching of his white brother. himself. Politicians have raised the The whole regime of social and po- cry of negro domination, and the litical affairs in the South is against Church has echoed it, and good men the uplift of the negro. In the Jim for fear of ostracism keep their Crow cars of the South hundreds of mouths shut. If the white ministry negro men and women are often opposed the conditions enumerated herded together under most disgusting they would be asked to resign. I conditions, and dean and respectable would suggest that the Church pro- negroes have no escape from these con- ceed to uplift the negro, giving no ditions. If the negro is to be elevated heed to political subterfuges, The as Mr. Wells says, he must, first of sane negro of this country has never all, have clean and wholesome sur- dreamed of amalgamation, and is as roundings. . If the white minister of opposed to it as are the whites the South desires to be heard by his of the South. The grace of Christ is black brother, let him give him whole- sufficient for all races, and will uplift some environments, just laws, fair and save all. I heartily endorse the hearing at the law and healthy recommendations of that Southern as- settlements, and then the negro will sembly. If carried out great good will gladly listen to him. As it is, the be done. I appeal to my white breth- ignorant negro, and some others too, ren to close their eyes to politics, social prefer to hear their own, tho they be questions and race prejudice and give incompetent, to hearing the highly to the negro in their midst the Gospel educated white brother whose relig- of Christ and not the gospel of expe- ion will not allow him to come up to diency, politics or social equality,"

MISSIONARY

EUROPE ~jodhya, and ]aunpur, r,8Sr in-pa- The Pan-Anglican Conference tients and 29,702 out-patients were When the Archbishop of Canter- tre~ted during the year, besides 429 bury took the chair at the opening session, on June 15th, he saw around patients attended at their own him bishops from practically every part of the world, including two h?I?es. The lady doctors paid 5,557 negro prelates, and representatives of almost all races. There are VISitS, and there were 82,971 attendthroughout the world 249 dioceses, of which number thirty-seven are in Eng- ances at the dispensaries. The soland and Wales; and 220 bishops were expected at the Congress, which con- ciety now employs in India ISO missisted of representatives from each diocese. About one thousand delegates sionaries and assistants, 163 teachers, were present. At the thanksgiving s~rvice at St. Paul's on June 24th, the nurses, etc., and 94306Biwbloer-kweorsmeinl~ gifts were collected from every dio- making a total of the field. The society ·has 49 schools ~nd institutions, !n. which are 2,630 mmates. The missIOnaries and Bi- ble-women . have access to 8,209 zenanas, With 3,342 regular pupils under instruction. The Bihle-women visit 927 villages.

cese. One after another the bishops Britain and the East advanced, bringing with them their diocesan gift, and laying it on the One of the most memorable utaltar. On Sunday, June 14th, Canon terances of the May Meetings was Hensley Henson preached on the that delivered by Prof. George Adam Unity of the church, and boldly Smith at the meeting of the Colonial declared "the Anglican insistence Missionary Society. We have selon Episcopacy excessive, unwarrant- dom heard or read a more powerful able and full of ill-promise." He re- plea for colonial evangelization. ferred to the Scot, as "proud, and The remarkable picture drawn by justly proud, of his national church," the preacher from his own observathe Presbyterian; and then asked, "Is tions of the condition actuelle in Inthere not an element of actual ab- dia brought into strong relief the surdity in speaking of 'a great National responsibility of the sons of Britain Church,' such as the Church of the for the colonies into which they en- United States, when all you have in ter. Yet it is to be feared that the your mind is a small denomination notion of responsibility is the very which is hardly known by name 10 last that seizes the minds of the great multitudes of American Chris- majority who go out to our dependtians?" Canon Henson pleaded for encies. Civil servants and mer- "a humbler Anglicanism." The eccle- chants leave the homeland for afar siastical superiority and supremacy too often with no other idea than affected by some churchmen is abso- that of making their own way in the lutely absurd, and would be ludicrous world; and their treatment of the were it not so lamentably dishonoring native varies from the brutal to the to God. contemptuous. In the light of the great progress already made under Zenana and Bible Medical Mission British rule, and in the light of the At the recent annual meeting of great work still remaining to be the society it was reported that the done, it surely ought to be part of a income, including £7,209 received in liberal education to become aware of India, was £24,744, and the general the facts, and to prepare to deal expenditure £27,380. At the so- wisely and responsibly with them.

ciety'S hospitals and dispensaries in The young manhood that goes to the Lucknow, Benares, Patna, Nasik, colonies needs itself to be evangel-

GENERAL MISSIOtARY INTELLIGENCE

ized in order that it may meet the French Catholics Against the Papacy situation. The need of this is to-day more pressing than ever; for new The Mission Warld tells of a very forces are at work and a new crisis significant movement in France. It is forming. It is a sorry thing when seems that some three years ago there the native has to tell the Britisher were a number of priests who asso- that he is a disgrace to the religion ciated themselves together, through he is supposed to represent.-Lolldoll the-reading of the New Testament, in Christian. order to establish themselves and their congregations along new lines antag- Irish Catholics Listening to the Gospel onistic to the papacy. They looked around them to find a leader to whom The BaJlJ/er af Truth in Ireland they could look for advice and exam- states: None but one actually engaged ple, and they chose M_ Meilon, the in the work of the 1. C. 11. can pos- converted priest who was at the head sibly realize the change that has come of the Paris Mission of Protestant over this country during the last few Converts. He accepted the election, years with regard to our work among and entered fully into the spirit of the the Roman Catholics. I well remem- movement. There are now 300 such ber when we were pelted off the priests and as many congregation~, streets whenever we attempted to hold who are banded into a league. Their open-air meetings. To-day this is all attitude to Rome may be found in the changed, and I am happy to say it following pronouncements: Separafion was my great privilege to address hun- from Rome, absolute independence to dreds of Roman Catholics at open-air be the right of each church, yet fedmeetings in Dublin, where there was eration of all, establishment on the perfect quietness, as they drank in the basis of the Gospel, perfect liberty as Gospel message of a free salvation to Rome's dogmas,and the substitution through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. of French for Latin in public worship, lVe sang Ollr Gospel hymns, and and loyalty to the Republic. spoke freely to them of the love and willingness and power of Jesus to Worthy of Imitation "save to the uttermost all who come to God through Him." On May 15. the German Army, K avy and Colonial Exposition was The British Baptists to Enter South America opened in Berlin, the Crown Prince of Genllany, accompanied by his wife That there are yet fields wholly un- and many German princes and a large occupied by missionaries of the Gospel number of members of the German nois emphasized by the recent departure bility, being present at the ceremony_ from London of two pioneer mission- One of the most interesting departaries of the Baptist Missionary Society ments in this Exposition is the deof Great Britain, who are going to partment of missions, occupied by exthe head waters of the Amazon to in- hibits from all Roman Catholic and vestigate conditions, see where the all Protestant missions at work in Geraborigines are to be found, and de- man colonies and dependencies. The termine whether they are sufficiently Protestant Missionary Department concentrated to justify the opening of a has been arranged by the committee permanent mission among them. The of German Evan'gelical societies two leaders of the expedition, Messrs. under the special direction of Doctor Darby and Glennie, have both seen Merensky (Berlin Missionary Soservice on the Kongo, and will be able ciety) . It is divided according to misto judge as to the wisdom of the pro- sionary fields and the famous missionposed mission. If established. the ary map-maker, Doctor Grundeman, Arthington Fund will provide for its has furnished large wall-maps which maintenance. show the stations of all the societies in the different fields, while past6r

Paul, who is rapidly gaining promi- been raised and elevated. The king, the nence as a missionary statistician, has quee.n, and the court. set a splendid example furnished statistical wall-tables. Be- uf vIrtue and moralIty; the people practise truth-speak1l1g; the courts of justice are side these maps and tables, pictures pure; the murders and assassinations that of fashions and peoples, as well as were of daily occurrence before 1870 are !10w comparatively rare. Crime of all pictures of the missionary stations, are kinds is diminishing. Benevolent insti- hung upon the walls. The tables are tutions have been started everywhere by the laity. Christian charity and kind- filled with samples of the literary and ness take the place of Papal cruelties manual work of the pupils of the mis- i:nd inhumanities. sionary schools, and the bookcases are filled with missionary books and tracts Emigration from Russia to Siberia in the different languages. We see Within the past twelve months from the statistical tables exhibited 500,000 emigrants have gone from that 14 German and I I other mission- Russia to Siberia, or about half as ary societies employ about 400 mis- many as have come to the United sionary workers (288 of them Ger- States from all the. world. The fig- mans) in the German colonies in ures given to the Duma by Prince Africa, Asia, and Australia; that the Vasilchikoff, Minister of Agricul- ture, show that the movement has number of baptized heathen was 73,- increased wonderfully in the few 415 on January I, 1907, and the num- years since the Russo-Japanese war. ber of catechumens was about 13,000; For several years preceding 1906 the and that 53,000 pupils attended the average annual emigration was missionary schools. The missionary about 60,000 persons. In I906, 180,- department attracts much attention 000; in 1907, 400,000; in the first three months of 1908 the number and increases the interest in missions. registered for emigration was 70,000, or 420,000 persons. Among the Good News from Italy causes for this movement two are plainly visible, the poverty-stricken Dr. Alexander Robertson, of Ven- Russian peasants have little faith in the measures the government is taice, has recently given an address on king to settle the agrarian question, "The Progress of Italy since 1870," and the soldiers returning from the which was full of glad tidings. late war brought home stoties of the great natural wealth of Siberia. One "That year," he said, "was a red-letter of these influences tends to drive the year, not only in the history of Italy, peasants out of European Russia, but in that of Europe and of humanity, the other to attract them to Siberia. for it marked the overthrow of the tem- The emigrants go in colonies, and poral sovereignty of the Pope, which in most cases send some of their had been the bane of Italy and of most number in advance to select allot- ·countries up to that date. The year 1870 ments of land for the whole party. marked the birthday of the kingdom of Italy, and the beginning of her progress, Annual Reports of German Societies just as the Reformation marked the beginning of the progress and prosperity The Rhenish Missionary Society emof England." Dr. Robertson said that ployed at the close of I907, I90 or- Italy had made unparalleled progress in dained missionaries and 25 lady work- everything that touched the happiness ers of European birth and 96 native and well-being of the individual and the workers upon I21 main and 45I outnation since it had cast off the trammels stations. The 739 missionary teachof Pope and priest. ers instructed 31,717 pupils in 582 schools. The number of native church- Since 1870 education has advanced members increased to 126,624, and by leaps and bounds. All the teachers in the national schools are laymen and laywomen. There are no priests and no sisters permitted to be teachers in these schools. Instead of only two per cent being able to read as before 1870, ninety per cent can read and write in Northern Italy, and forty per cent in Calabria and Sicily, which were more completely under Papal sway than other parts of Italy before 1870. . The whole moral tone of the people has

GENERAL MISSIONARY

of the 12,617 baptisms during the year schools 9,092 pupils (4,381 boys and 7,145 were those of heathen and Mo- 4,71 I girls) received instruction. The hammedans, while 16,121 inquirers re- income from all sources was almost mained under instruction. The income $119,000. from all sources was $251,280, and a deficit of $32,844 was incurred. The ASIA missionaries of the Rhenish Society labor in Asia, Africa, and the Islands The Christian Church in India of the Pacific. "Is it to be Western or Eastern ?" is The Gossner Missionary Society la- a question asked in the Record of the L'nited Free Church of Scotland by bors in India, chiefly among the Kol5 the Rev. John Torrance, formerly of of Chota Nagpur. It employed, in Poona. India, he says, is in the throes 1907, 51 missionaries (40 ordained) of a great new movement, which will and 8 lady workers of European birth, have its intellectual, social, political, and 1,182 native helpers, of whom 37 and religious sides, and he believes the are ordained, upon 52 main and 407 influence of the Church of Christ in out stations.' The 230 missionary India on this movement will depend schools provided Christian instruction considerably on whether the Church for 6,735 pupils. The number of na- is to be painted in foreign Western tive Christians increased to 68,208, colors, or whether it can be made to while 18,348 heathen inquirers re- appear to the men of India as some– mained under instruction at the clo~e thing suited to their own soil in East- ern dress. He calls for a radical of the year 1907. change of policy in the treatment of The North German Missionary So- the Indian churches, giving them a free hand as regards organization, reciety, which labors exclusively in To- laxing the too rigid rules of ordinagoland, yvest Africa, employed, at the tion, and doing everything to encourclose of 1907, 26 male and 8 female age the spirit of spontaneous effort, missionary workers and 16 wives of independence, and responsibility. It is missionaries of European birth, who quoted as an instance of how little this were assisted by 163 native Christians. has been the practise in the past that It occupied 8 chief and lO5 out-sta- after lOO years of missionary work in tions, while 4,505 pupils received India the Church of England can not Christian instruction in 126 mission- yet point to an Indian bishop or even ary schools. The number of native archdeacon. Another question might church-members increased to 6,143, be asked-Is it really necessary that 529 heathens having been baptized the Indian Church should be either during the year, and 364 inquirers re- Eastern or Western? Will not the mained to the close of 1907. The in- ideal Church be one in which all racial come from an sources was $47.543, distinctions will be obliterated, and so that the deficit which originated in every element of good, from every the preceding years has increased to possible source, conserved and consealmost $20,000. crated ?-Statesman.

The Hermannsburg Missionary So- Indi~ Shaming America ciety, at the close of the year 1907. sus- Rev. C. R. Watson, Missionary Sectained 57 stations and 170 out stations retary of the United Presbyterian in its work among the Telugus in Church, has recently written to his India and the Zulus and Bechuan~s brethren: in South Africa. There were 65 European missionaries, 680 native help- It seemed to be the very voice of God ers, and 2 European and 2 native lady in a challenge to his Church, when the workers. During the year 875 heathen news came, a few days ago, that, with were baptized, namely, 84 Telugus, the final compilation of reports, it was 284 Zulus, and 507 Bechuanas-and found that the ingatherings, on confesthe number of native Christians in- sion of faith, in both Egypt and India, creased to 71,703. In the missionary

exceeded even the high-water mark of of Badrechslam, who was present, con- last year. Egypt's spiritual harvest was tains these among other notable re- slightly in excess of that of last year- marks: sufficiently, however, to make this ju- bilee report the best of any year of the The intellectual, moral, and, to some whole half-century. But of India, what extent, the religious regeneration of Inshall we say, as we learn of the marvel- dia is dne to mission bodies. All the ous ingathering of 1,655 souls on con- educational development of the ninefession of faith in a single year-346 in teenth century is, more or less, due to excess of last year, and last year had es- missionaries, some of whom are ideal tablished a new record in the history of Christians. More lies before them: the the mission! It is difficult to appreciate realization of India's hope is with them. what this means, unless we compare it with growth with which we are familiar. And again quite recently a Brah- It means, however, an accession on con- man official holding high office under fession of faith greater than that which the Myrose Government has entered was credited last year to any single the lists against a compatriot who had synod of our Church in America. It contended that Christian missionaries means an ingathering greater than that were exercising a pernicious influence which we rejoiced over in the three on Hindu society by corrupting the synods of Illinois, Iowa and Kansas. It simplicity of the lower classes. He means that we now have in India a said: church equal in membership to three of our American synods. Missionaries do not mask their object in coming to India. It is avowedly to evan- India Sunday-school Union gelize her children by conviction. They do not use force or compulsion. . . . Their The Bombay Guardian gives the fol- colleges and high schools hold their own lowing suggestive facts showing the among the best in the land, and some of progress made in the operations of the best among OUf men of light and the Indian Sunday-school Union in leading are the alumni of those instituthe decade from r896 to r906: tions. . , . We ought always to look The number of candidates presenting upon these unselfish workers as India's themselves (voluntarily) for examina- real friends.-C. M. S. Gleaner. tion in Scripture has risen from 600 to r6,ooo; and during the decade more Famine in India than 58,000 certificates have been awarded. These are given in three The Gossner Missionary Society grades. A large percentage of the took the annual census of its work candidates belong to non-Christian among the Kols of Chota Nagpur in homes. A silver medal is presented to April. A new ami sorrowful column the student who gets highest marks in was added relating to the existing each language. Some seventy-five famine. We translate the questions medals are thus given every year. In and answers: our thoughts and prayers about the work being done in India for the Mas- Q. How many families do not have ter a place of remembrance is due to enough to eat? this solid, unobtrusive, evangelistic labor, carried on under difficult condi- Answer. 8,6gr. tions, often under heavy discourage- Q. How many families are without the ment. necessary grain for seed? Answer. 7,779. Hindus Commending Missionaries Q. How many widows are unprovided for? Two Hindus in high standing III Answer. 331. South India have recently exprest in Q. How many orphans are unprovided public their high opinion of the work for? done by Christian missions in India. Answer. 221. At the jubilee meeting held some months since in recognition of the half- The figures are collected from a century of work done by Rev. F. W. very small part of the large Indian N. Alexander, the speech of the Rajah Empire, so that they give at best a faint idea of the immense suffering which the famine, now raging in many districts of the land, is causing.

1908J GENERAL MISSIONARY

A Lutheran Conference in India a life of absolute poverty. While learning the fanguage of the Upper An All-Indian Lutheran Missionary Punjab, he spent his time in nursing Conference was held in Guntur, Telu- lepers and dressing their wounds. guland, from January 2 to 9, 1908. Later on he walked from place to It was attended by 69 missionaries, place, nursing plague patients in their who represented 9 Lutheran Mission- own villages. His desire has peen not ary Societies from Germany, Sweden, to preach but to interpret the life of Denmark, and America. The most Christ by his example. During the important missionary questions were last four years one high-caste discust; for instance, "missionary Rajput has become a Christian and schools," "medical missions," "mis- has been baptized. One has al- sions to lepers," "asylums for women," ready adopted his method of life, and ··funds for widows and orphans.·' several others have exprest a wish to .Much attention was paid to the ques- do the same. Mr. Stokes is now in tion of the best way of increasing and Great Britain seeking recruits who preparing the native forces. Brief may be willing to adopt his method histories of the different missionary of life and work. societies represented were read. These are to be published in a volume, which Anglo.Chinese School in Malaysia thus will be a concise history of Lutheran Missions in India. In Penang, Malaysia, there are three schools of importance, one sup- The Conference proved so helpful ported by the Roman Catholics, with that it was decided to hold a similar about 1,100 pupils, the Free School, one in three or four years. supported by the government, with an enrolment of about 800, and our Bible Study for India Students own Anglo-Chinese School, having between 1,000 and I,roO pupils. Be- The whole student body (400) in tween these three schools there is Forman Christian College, Lahore, inuch rivalry and it might be expect- is divided into seven Bible classes ed that our own institution would be taught by Christian professors, and greatly handicapped by lack of funds daily attendance is compulsory. and trained teachers, both of which the other tjVo possess. That our Efforts to enlist Forman College school is able to "make good," how- students in social service brought ever, is shown by the following in- forth good results, in the summer stance: The merchants and bankers vacation: four gave an hour a day of Penang have felt the need of a to teaching in free night school; sev- more practical education for the eral bought books as the nucleus of young men whom they take into little loan libraries in their villages; their employ. To encourage such several taught women of their education, they recently offered a households to read; one undertook special examination in practical . sanitary reforms and was, to a large branches to candidates from the extent successful.-Woma.n's Work. three schools. Fifty boys were en- tered from the government school, A Novel Imitation of Christ eleven from the Catholic and eight from our own. The first, second and Some years ago a man who had fourth places in the competition been reared in a comfortable home in were captured by boys from our Philadelphia and educated at Cornell school. Since our school has only Gniversity, was pronounced by his two trained teachers, the Rev. G. F. doctors to be an invalid, and was taken Pykett, and one other, as compared to several of the best-known health with seven or eight in the governresorts in Europe and America. How- ment school, the reason for our sucever, when his outlook on life altered, he set out for India, and proceeded to give away his hat, shoes and stockings, and other possessions, and to live

cess on this and other occasions have obtained rank as prefects and must be found in the Christian spirit 46 bishops have ranked as viceroys, which prevails among teachers and some having adopted the insignia of pupils.-World-wide Missions. a viceroy.

Touring in Siam Serious and grave troubles h<!ve resulted from this obtaining of offi- Rev. Eugene P. Dunlap, the vet- cial status. The Protestant missioneran Presbyterian missionary, has ary body, altho offered the same just returned to America on fur- conditions, decided that it was inadlough. Six consecutive months last visable to accept it, with the natural year, Rev. and :Mrs. Dunlap toured result that many adherents of the on the west side of the Gulf of Siam. Protestant Church have suffered Their journey outfit included more persecution at the hands of the adthan 2,000 books and tracts, five herents of the Roman Catholic cases of medicines, a stereopticon, Church, who have taken undue adclothing for half a year and camping vantage of the official rank possest outfit. They traveled on "ten by their priests and bishops. steamers, twenty elephants, numerous buffaloes, carts and canoes, and In the London Times for April 15 long distances on foot." They and 16 there are two important telcrossed the Malay Peninsula for the egrams from Dr. Morrison, of Peking, seventh time, taking sixteen days for stating that the Chinese Government it in order to sow Gospel seed all have cancelled this Imperial rescript the way. In this tour they reached many places never before visited by of 1899. a Christian missionary. They re- Dr. Morrison states that while the ceived twenty-nine adults into the Church. "I should like to live one memorial refers throughout to "the missionaries," the words Roman Catholic not appearing, it is fully understood that "the Roman Catho- hundred years for this kind of lic missionaries are alone affected." work," says Dr. Dunlap, "the great- The North China Herald for est joy in the world is telling others about our precious God.'-Woman's March 13, stated that H. E. Yuan Work. Shihkai, president of the Chinese Foreign Office, was proposing the A New Woman', Era in China establishment Of a Chiao Wu Chu, Six girls' schools at Hankow or Bureau of Missionary Affairs, were allowed to attend the athletic which was to be charged with the meet, where over fifty boys' schools settlement of all missionary ques- took part in the parade; and, when tions.

Hankow College Alumni gave a Roman Catholic Rights in China concert for the Famine Fund, the girls of our mission school were in- The Roman Catholic missions in vited to assist by singing. "A new China have long claimed civil as well departure indeed," writes Miss Lois as spiritual jurisdiction over their Lyon, "for Chinese girls to appear converts-a claim confirmed, under in public before an audience."- diplomatic pressure, by an imperial re- Woman's Work. script of 1899, by the terms of which priests were granted equivalent rank A Missionary Bureau for China with prefects and bishops with vice- By an Imperial rescript of March roys. As China has only 9 viceroys 15, 1899, China granted official rank and there are 46 Roman bishops, the to the Roman Catholic hierarchy, a result was startling-especially as priest to rank as a prefect and a some of the bishops adopted the in- bishop as a viceroy or governor. signia, as well as authority in their The effect of this rescript has been own communities, of a viceroy. The .that 1,100 Roman Catholic priests result of the claim, in legal controversies and misunderstandings as well plans will be made just as· tho the as in the drawing in of unworthy mem- work were to be done here. When bers seeking special advantage in law they arrive in China, Dr. Brewster cases, has been a scandal which has will translate the figures into the awakened serious criticism even in Chinese language. They will them- Roman Catholic circles, and has un- selves be able to build these school doubtedly done much to increase the churches without the assistance of dread and dislike of the Chinese for Americans.

mission work and Western influence. China Inland Mission Report It is one of the signs of China's coming to a realization of her strength The following statistics indicate that the decree establishing this anom- the progress made in China during alous and dangerous,privilege has now the year I907 under the auspices of been canceled. It is significant that the China Inland Mission. There the other Christian missionaries have were 2,720 baptisms, representing always refused to claim the privi- I2I stations in IS provinces. The leges of the original rescript-as number of new workers received they might have done under the most- eluring the year was 48, making a favored-nation clauses of the treaties total of 900 in the field. The preswith China. The matter was put in a ent number of communicants is nutshell by the English missionaries nearly 20,000. In spite of the cauwhen they said that they had no de- tion exercised in connection with sire to "complicate their spiritual re- admission to church-membership, the sponsibilities by the assumption of work is not without trials and political rights and cluties."-Collgre- disappointment. Nevertheless the gationalist. spiritual development manifest in many of the members is increasingly How Forty Churches Are to be Built encouraging, and there is good rea- Rev. Dr. W. N. Brewster, a dele- son to believe that the large major- gate to the Methodist General Con- ity of them are true children of God.

ference, is telling the people of how If in the Philippines. Why Not in China? the Chinese Christians in the Hinghua province, unaided, are to build Rev. G. W. Hinman, of Fuchau, 40 churches. In American money writes: the churches would cost $80,000, but there labor is so cheap the cost will "With the present opportunity for be reduced at least one-fifth. If built the Christian world to meet China's demand for instruction, it is notewor- in Kansas City, the churches would thy how Americans are meeting their cost $2,200. In China, $400 in Amer- responsibilities for the education of ican gold will do the work, with the Filipinos. In the year I90I -02 tile flooring and roofing complete. there were sent to the Philippine Is- These improvements will be known lands r,074 American teachers-real as school churches, with the chapel missionaries, tho not intended to be in the center, a school part and teachers of religion-and ever since a apartment for the teacher on the force of about 850 has been main- right, and directly opposite the tained. The Protestant churches of church proper will be living quar- the world maintain in China at the ters of four rooms for the mission- present time 2,685 missionaries, not in- aries. The structures will be cluding wives. The population of the .T-shaped, one story in height and Philippine Islands is about 7,500,000, comprest in appearance, being the and instruction is provided for 400,000 architecture most admired by the Filipino school children, an average of Chinese. The exterior will be of a 470 pupils for each American teacher.

combined Spanish and Italian style, "There are 4I5,000,000 people in with a small tower at one end. The China for whose physical, moral, and spiritual salvation 2,685 are provided women were present. The dividing cur- -preachers, doctors, and teachers, tain between the men and the women about 155,000 for each one. The was down its full length for the first United States Government appro- time in the history of Korea. Among priated $r,020,5°O for the salaries of the higher class guests present was a its 850 American teachers in the Phil- prince who sat beside his wife, one of ippines in 1904-05, and the Protestant the ladies-in-waiting at the palace. Truchurches of the world appropriate $1,- ly, it is startling to think of the contrast 000,000 each year for the support of between the Korea of twenty years ago their 2,685 representatives in China. and the Korea of to-day. There sat If the churches of the world were as many ladies who had always been so wise and as conscientious in respond- carefully nurtured and so completely seing to the opportunities in China as cluded that Clne naturally thought it is the American nation in the Philip- must be a frightful ordeal for them. Yet pines, the Far Eastern problem would seemingly it was not so, for they chatted shortly be settled. Why should not and laughed and seemed to feel as much such a real, Christian business under- at home in the gaze of the world as do taking be made ?" their Western sisters. Hail to the l1EcW Korea.-Warld-wide Missions. Griffith John's Illness A Korean Missionary We regret to learn that Dr. Griffith John returned to China, only to be Sixteen years ago, when Rev. S. A. prostrated by illness which has proved Moffett went to Pyeng Yang, Korea, serious enough to postpone his re- one of the men who stoned him in the sumption of missionary work indefi- streets was Yee Kee Poung. When nitely. Rev. C. G. Sparham, writing the first ministers of the Korean Presfrom Hankow, says: byterian Church were ordained last September at Pyeng Yang, Rev. Yee On my return from H wangpi I was Kee Poung was one of the number. He sorry to find Dr. John in bed and far was immediat.ely set apart as a misfrom well. He had paid a Friday-to- sionary to the island of Quelpart, Monday visit to Hiau Kan, my wife ac- which is directly south of Korea. The companying him; he had been very well 100,000 inhabit;'nis of the island are and happy on the Friday and until Sat- destitute of the Gospel. In connection urday evening, when he retired early with the setting __part of Yee Kee feeling unwell. He preached, however, Poung a thank-offering was taken by on Sunday morning, and kept quiet the the Korean Church for his support. remainder of the day. Dr. Fowler trav- This is one of the many evidences of eled into Hankow with Dr. John and the work of grace in Korea, the gen- Mrs. Sparham. He is better again, and uineness of which is shown in the misis able to sit up for a little to-day. sionary spirit which moves them to send one of their own number to a In a later letter 11r. Sparham says: people who need the Gospel.

Dr. John is slightly better, and came Notes from Pyeng Yang down-stairs for the first time yesterday. The doctors tell him that he must not Christmas eve Mr. llcMurtrie attempt work at present, and that he reached Pyeng Yang, and when he must go very cautiously when he does heard nearly two thousand Korean begin. men sing" 'Jesus shall reign where'er the sun' to the same tune our fore- The Sodal Overturning in Korea fathers used on the Scottish hillsides and which crooned me to sleep as a The new order of things in "New youngster," he says, "it made the Korea" is described in a recent letter blood course in my veins." He heard from one of our missionaries at Seoul: another thing. A man asked for prayer because he was trying to give Yesterday a wedding was performed in up the use of tobacco and, the leader the First Methodist Church here, the putting the inquiry, seventy-five men contracting parties of which were both rose to their feet to testify that, at Koreans. The ·groom is the director of the Educational Bureau of Korea, and the bride the daughter of the governor of Chemulpo. Many prominent men and some period, they all had given up ordained ministry-would be found to smoking.-Wonzan's TVork. have increased as rapidly as the others with which it is compared. The Japanese Baby The Tract Society's Foreign Work Wm. T. Ellis in an article in the Christian Endeavor World speaks thus At the recent annual meeting of the of "The Commonest Sight in Japan": American Tract Society, the· eighty- third, the fact was emphasized that this The country fairly swarms with babies. organization is really doing much work I passed a group of ten children, none in foreign lands. The publications is- of whom conld be more than six years sued abroad by the aid of the society of age. On the backs of four of them during the year include tracts, Scrip- were borne younger babie~; only two of ture commentaries, hymn books, Bi- the youngsters were without human bur- ble helps, catechisms and other forms dens. and they may have been playing of Christian literature. These were hooky from their fraternal responsibili- printed in Arabic, Syrian, Telugu, ties. One evening I saw a three-year- Chinese and other languages. These old child playing in the village street, publications aggregated over 40 differand on her back was bound a baby which ent titles, and were issued at various an authority on babies assured me could mission stations in Turkey, Syria, not be more than ten days old. Even its India, China and elsewhere. By the head had to be strapped up, which is aid of the appropriations over 5,000 seldom done after the baby is a month different publications have been isold. sued at foreign-mission stations in I74 languages, dialects and characters, So the poor infants are carried about The receipts for the year from donaall day, while their bearers make mud- tions, legacies, interest, sales, etc., pies or romp and play, the little heads amounted to $I88,9I4, and from rents bobbing up and down in a neck-breaking in the Tract Society Building, $I71,- manner, while the pitiless sun streams 774. It is a great Christian missionary down into unwashed eyes, affording an agency, sending out.in many language's additional cause for the sore eyes and "leaves which are for the healing of blindness with which many Japanese are the nations." afflicted. Cooperation in Work for Foreignen AMERICA Five of the leading churches of Chi- Christian Activity not Diminishing cago-Baptist, Christian (Disciple), Congregational, Methodist and Pres- The Congregationalist makes a byterian-have united, by means of point which is worth taking into ac- an interdenominational council, to concount in estimating the tendency and sider the needs of the immense forstatus of religion. It says the report eign population of that city, the best of the United States Commissioner methods of reaching them with the of Eclucation is often quoted, showing Gospel, and the practise of comity in that since 1880 the increase of students the establishment of missions and of theology is 4 I per cent, of medicine church organizations. Well may we 126 per cent and of law 256 per cent, bid them· Godspeed in their experiand adds: To give these figures their ment, tho well may we wonder that proper significance there should be an undertaking so thoroughly sensiadded to the students of theology those ble and Christian has been so long in training schools of various fOnTIS delayed. We may also put the pertiof religious service to which they ex- nent question, if in Chicago, why not pect to devote their lives. If the sec- also in all our cities great and small, retaries and other salaried officials in all our country fields, and in every of the Y. M. C. A., of social settle- locality throughout the boundless forments, brotherhoods and organizations for moral reform had been tabulated for the last forty years, it is quite possible that the percentage of men engaged in the profession of teaching and helping mankind to religious living-a profession once limited to the eign field? Christian comity has never Sanitarium is crowded, missionaries yet found the place which it ought to not requiring actual medical or sur- hold among the fundamental virtues gical care will be received at Mountain of all who call themselves disciples of Rest, Goshen, Mass. (1,500 feet above Jesus. sea level), at the same charge.

A Coming ~oston Campaign Dr. George Dowkontt, the a:uthor The Layman's Missionary Move- of "Murdered Millions," who has ment and the foreign mission boards been for thirty years engaged in medof the United States have joined forces ical mission work, chiefly in New York for a great campaign in Boston next City, will aid in the care of mission- November &-15. Plans are being aries and in the training of students. made to concentrate upon this city for eight days the leading missionary The American Medical Missionary speakers and workers of all denomi- College . (Seventh-day Adventist), nations. Possibly one hundred special speakers will engage in this campaign. founded In 18g5 by Dr. J. H. Kellogg, The churches will be asked to give the right of way to foreign missions for of Battle Creek, is located in Chicago, this period, the purpose being to per- but the students spend some time at suade the churches materially to in- Battle Creek to take advantage of the crease their gifts to the foreign work. opportunity afforded there for practi- A definite objective in benevolence cal training. will be sought for each church, for each denomination, and for the entire The courses in instruction given in city. Incidentally several. other ob- the college consist ofjects will be attained. The means to be used are: placing strong missionary I. A full medical course of four advocates in all the pulpits of Greater years, with legal qualification and Boston; a great banquet in Tremont diploma as Doctor of Medicine. Temple; a men's mass-meeting to consider Christian stewardship; a gather- 2. A post-graduate course of three ing for the official boards of all the months for outgoing or returned medi- cal missionaries, including tropical diseases, etc.

3. A limited course of six or nine months for non-medical missionaries, including medical and surgical emer- gencies, etc.

local churches; a gathering of leaders Our Neigbbor-The Negro of young people's organizations; a The Louisville Christian Observer great meeting for women; meetings prints a sermon on this theme which for students in the colleges and univer- was preached before the General As- sities; institutes for the study of.prac- sembly of the Presbyterian Church, tical methods; noonday prayer-meet- South, by Rev. J. R. Howerton, the ings led by men of national reputation; retiring moderator. Based upon the and, finally, a meeting on Sunday night parable of the Good Samaritan, from in Symphony Hall at which represent- first to last it was an earnest plea for atives of local churches will report Christian treatment in behalf of the as to what they mean to attempt in negro, with these the concluding the way of contributions for missions. words: -Congregationalist. Brethren, for the sake of our South- Medical Opportunities for Missionariel land, that the blot of an un-Christian race hatred may be wiped from her The Battle Creek (Michigan) San- escutcheon; for the sake of our children itarium announces that arrangements that they may be saved from the horrors have been made to provide board and of a race war; for the sake of our Chrisrooms with medical treatment for re- tian fathers and mothers, who loved their slaves next to their own kin; for the sake turned missionaries at the nominal of ollr Southern Church, that she may charge of five dollars a week-and op- win these souls as stars in her crown; erations are performed free of cost. for the sake of the immortal sallIs of our During the summer months, when the own Southern negroes; for the sake of the dark continent of Africa, that it may

81 GENERAL MISSIONARY

be won for Christ through them, for Southern patriotism the right to re- joice over the coming fact that the the sake of Christ's kingdom, that its prohibition statecraft, which is proba- bly to affect the whole world in the prophecies of universal dominion may be end, has come to its revelation of power in the Southern States of fulfilled' for the sake of our Lord Him- America and at the hands of the Sou.thern people. There is another self, th;t He may see the fruit of the aspect of the situation which is in- spiring to those who take the South travail of His soul for these people and to heart. It is that at last the South- ern people are coming into a position be satisfied, I plead to-day. And when of moral leadership in the nation.

in answer to the question, Who is my Twenty-nine Nationalities in One neighbor? I repeat, "This poor black Mining Camp mspaon~s" e may God's Spirit bring the re- The popUlation of the small Alaskan from every heart, like the sound town of Douglas is made up of Aleuts, Americans, Australians, Austrians, of a great AMEN! Belgians, Brazilians, Canadians, Chi- nese, Danes, English, Finlanders, Booker Washington', Achievements French, Germans, Greeks, Herzego- vinians, Hungarians, Indians, Irish, Tuskegee has just passed its twenty- Italians, Japanese, Norwegians, Poles, seventh anniversary, with unmistaka- Russians, Scotch, Swedes, Swiss, Syrible signs of prosperity on every side. ans, Turks, and Welsh, and repre- The school attendance last year reached sentatives of all of these have been at almost 2,000. Of these 1,621 were the church services.-Alaskan Misboarding students; 1;085 were men, sionary. and 536 women. They came from 28 States and Territories, and from 21 Dr. Grenfell's Escape foreign countries, including the West Indies,Central and South America, The statements which folIow are Africa and Japan. taken from a letter written by the Doctor to the Montreal Witncs;: The Laymen Astir in Norih Carolina A sick call having come of a pressing One day not long since a day's cam- nature to a lad some 60 miles to the south, paign was held in Wilmington, with whose life I thought hung on the issue, I these among the results: The men left at once with a light komatik and a present decided to double the offerings good fast team of dogs. Familiarity with for foreign missions in the city, and ice led me to venture across a bay eight began at once to secure pledges. A miles in width, on loose ice, prest in by Methodist church, which gave but a northeast wind. But before I had landed $250 last year, raised $1,300 at an on the other side, without a moment's evening service. An Episcopal church warning the wind veered suddenly off the decided to advance from $r,200 to land and blew hard. The ice promptly $2,500, half of which sum is already went all abroad, and with my dogs and pledged. The Presbyterians, who komatik I equally promptly disappeared averaged $4.88 per member last year, into what is known as "lolly"; that is, voted to double this amount. One thick, pounded ice, exactly like porridge, congregation has asked to have an en- with no big pans and no clear water. I tire station in China assigned to them, was able to cut the dogs adrift and work with a population of about 250,000, along a trace to a small piece that floated promising to furnish whatever work- me, where I discarded all unnecessary clothers and buildings are required. And ing and went in again in an attempt to one person is seriously considering reach shore. One might as well try to the question of taking another district, swim through an Irish peat bog as through paying for all the work, at a probable lolly ice, and I shortly ended up on a small cost of at least $10,000 per annum. twelve-foot pan, on to which I hauled my eight dogs, and on this I drifted to sea be- The South as a Leader fore the strong breeze. One had to get The South is taking the lead in the great battle against the liquor traffic, a splendid example in righteousness. As a Southerner has proudly written, which we quote from the Southern Workman: "No one will deny to

shelter or be frozen. So, tho it felt like whom being beginners are compelled to murder, I stabbed three of my large dogs give their time largely to the study of an:! borrowed their coats. At night I piled the Arabic language. up the frozen carcasses for a windbreak. It was not exactly warm, as, of course, I In our native church are 46 ordained was wet through, so that I was not sorry ministers, all but three were students of to be picked up next day by what seemed Assiut College; there are IS licentiates, all to me to be a veritable miracle. and so to but one are sons of the college; there get off with only a few insignificant frost are 12 theologues, all are graduates of bites. the college. Of the present class of I I students 6 will enter the theological sem- How the Catholic. Helped inary at its opening next fall. Most of the 300 male teachers in the Protestant An Episcopal missionary writes schools in Egypt have been trained at Assiut. The college. has also prepared from Brazil: thousands of men who, without finishing its course, have gone into other employ- The indirecc influence on the Roman ments in Egypt and the Sudan filled with Church, awakening it from its sloth and a higher ideal of life and its duties, betnegligence of the people, should not be ter fitted to resist temptation and to do unmentioned. As an instance of this, the right. the.city of Rio Grande, with 20,000 people, had only two Roman priests in ISgI, Work of the North Africa Mi.sion when our Church was just beginning its operations there, and there were not This English organization, as its seventy-five persons to partake of the name indicates, confines its work alcommunion at the mass on Easter day. most wholly to the region lying be- Now, sinc.e we have in that city a beau- tween the Mediterranean and the tiful church building. a congregation of Great Sahara, and has workers in 300 or 400 people, 150 communicants, Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli and flourishing Sunday-schools. and many Egypt. The field is a hard one, the parish organizations, the Romanists have population being almost wholly Moawakened. They have now fifteen or hammedan. Medical work and twenty priests, two large schools, and school work are prominent, and visits many other organizations, all founded to the homes; the missionaries are since our Church began its career. The largely women. A few cases of sound priests are more careful to instruct and conversion have occurred. to care for their own people. By the medical work, by itinerating AFRICA journeys and the book depots an ever- widening circle has been reached with The Largest College in Africa the Gospel message; by the many classes and schools, as in Tangier, Tunis, and Rev. J. R. Alexander of the United Shebin-el-Kom, and in the excellent 'Car- pet Industrial School under Miss Day at Presbyterian Mission in Egypt, writes Cherchell, many have been carefully as follows in the United Presb},'teriall: taught and influenced; and an addition has been made to the number of con- Our college in Egypt is unique in all verts who are being actively employed, the Orient in that it consists of two the Moorish convert at Susa having beschools-the Training College for young come depot-keeper, and two young men and the Pressly Institute for young Kabyles in Djemaa having been engaged women. The enrolment of the college as native helpers. through th<,se two schools for 1907 was 1,085. It has thus become the largest Ho'l1 Islam is Advancing Protestant college in Africa. Its sorIS and daughters are engaged in positions The following account of Mohamof trust and influence from Alexandria medan aggression in North' Africa to Khartum, and from Khartum to the is extracted from an article by Rev. Great Lakes. We now have a staff of T. Broadwood Johnson, in the June 24 members, all graduates of our own number of the Church Missionary Recollege or of American colleges and uni- view. There is certainly a challenge versities, giving their whole time to the in it to Christian enterprise and zeal: work of the college. Weare glad to report that two permanent missionary Mohammedan North Africa is adprofessors have been added to our fac- vancing surely and steadily southward ulty during 1907, C. S. Bell, of Monmouth across the Sahara, which is no longer College and Chicago University. and C. P. Russell, an alumnus and post-graduate student of Princeton University. Our staff of permanent missionary professors now consists of 4 members, 2 of

8 J GENERAL MISSIONARY

the barrier it once was. Instead of be- work done in the German colonies ing an unbroken desert, as on.ce thou&ht, in Africa. Ten Roman Catholic mis- it is now known to contalll teemlllg sionary societies sustai'1 171 main pagan tribes. A great range of moun- stations and a large number of out tains has hitherto proved an obstacle to stations in the German colonies in advance and Mohammedanism has been Africa. These stations are under the kept in 'check; but with the partition of care of 593 missionaries (priests and Africa among the powers of Europe h'.ls brothers), and 243 sisters, who are come a new danger. The old mountalll assisted by more than 1,000 native passes are being crossed. by roads, and helpers. the existence of a protectIve government is encouraging a new activity. The Ko- In the same German colonies there ran is being brought down among the are at work the following Protestant pagan tribes and is prevailing. When forces: 250 ordained missionaries, 85 once claimed by the Moslems, these physicians, teachers, and other lay tribes will be ten times more difficult to workers, 189 wives of missionaries, reach with the Gospel. A traveler tells and 61 unmarried lady workers, toof encountering a tribe who meet regu- gether with more than 1,000 native larly for prayer, and the burden of their helpers. These forces occupy 163 petition is: "0 God, we know that thou main and 1,140 out stations. art holy and we want to worship thee, but we do not know how. We are in Thus, a total of 836 Roman Catholic darkness. Send us light." And these missionaries and of 585 Protestant must soon be enveloped in the advancing missionaries are at work in the Gerwave of Mohammedanism from the man colonies in Africa. Since the north. Roman Catholics commenced work in almost all the colonies later than the The Women of Egypt Protestants, it is very apparent that they are more zealous and energetic An Egyptian girl student-a Mos- in that part of the world. lem, be it remembered-ha~ just taken her B.A. degree. She IS the first A Prell Correspondent on Kongo Mbsions Egyptian woman to gain the distinction; but she will probably not long An independent testimony which be the only one, for already there are appeared in a recent number of the seven government schools for girls, Missionary Herald, organ of the Bapstaffed by trained women teachers, tist Missionary Society, deserves to from the Women's Normal School at be remembered, for use when the Boulak. The women of Egypt are vague generalities about missionary thus beginning to regain the free and luxuries are indulged in by ill-informed honored position which they enjoyed or prejudiced critics. It is that of Mr. more than two thousand years before Edgar Wallace, a press correspondent, the time of Christ. Then woman was and it relates to the mis!;ionaries on the mistress of the house. She in- the Kongo. He wrote: herited equally with her brothers, and had full control over her property. What the missionaries have done I can According to M. Parteret, she was see with my eyes, and seeing, I am "judicially the equal of man, having prouder of my country and my countrythe same rights, and being treated in men and women than ever I have been the same fashion." She could also before. No battle I have witnessed, no bring actions and even plead in the exhibition of splendid courage in the courts. She practised the art of med- face of overwhelming odds, has inspired icine, and as priestess had authority me as the work at these outposts of in the temples. To crown all, as queen, Christianity. she was often the highest in the land. -Christian Life. I say this in al sincerity, be"cause my sense of proportion is sufficiently well Roman Catholic Mbsions in German Africa adjusted to allow me to judge rightly the value of the work. And I do not At the last meeting of the mission- especially refer to the work of the Kongo ary "Society of German Roman Cath- Balolo Mission. I speak as enthusiasticolics for Africa," held in Cologne, ally of the Baptist Missionary Society Dean Hespers gave a report of the and the other missions of the Kongo.

Somebody down the river told me that population, about the same amount is there- was a difficulty in getting men and expended every year in license for the women for the missionary work in Kon- privilege of selling liquor, not for the goland. Speaking frankly as a man liquor itself. Taking in Germany it of the world, I do not wonder. I would is stated that the average contribution not be a missionary on the Kongo for to missions is only five and a quarter £5,000 a year. That is a worldly point cents per capita, while the money exof view. I do not think it is a very high pended per head for beer alone is standpoint. It is a simple confession seven dollars and twelve dollars for that I prefer the "flesh-pots of Egypt" to wine, whisky and beer together. The the self-sacrifice and devotion that the total incomes of British missionary missionary life claims. societies is nearly $9,000,000 while the people of Great Britain lay aside in Mission Schools in Natal savings nearly $5,000,000 a day. Thus more is accumulated in two days than Mr. LeRoy reports that the Zulu is given to foreign missions in a Mission now controls the educational whole year. situation in Natal as it never did before. By raising their standard of A Remarkable Semi.Centennial admission and enlarging their courses of study the American Board schools From the coral island of Apaiang, have forged ahead. At Jubilee Hall one of the Gilbert Group, five thousand 93 students were enrolled last term, miles southwest of San Francisco, the overcrowding the accommodations. mail has just brought news of a re- The government inspector tells the markable celebration last November. American Board missionaries that they have the educational work in their own The American Cyclopedia said of hands. A recent offer to teach type- those islanders in 1859: They "are sulwriting, bookkeeping, etc., if a boy len, passionate, cruel, treacherous, … could be found who would bind him- fond of war, … eat human flesh occaself to stay.three years for such in- sionally." In November, 1857, the struction, so that he might give ade- Rev. Hiram Bingham and wife landed quate service in retltfl1, brought 17 at Apaiang, and began their work by candidates who had obtained their reducing its language to writing. parents' consent.-Missionary Herald. The semi-centennial of this event Zulu Ministers Coming to Their Rights was commemorated by 30,000 Gilbert- ese Christians, whose pastors were One matter which has caused trained in the schools founded by Dr. much irritation in Natal between our Bingham, with the aid of the books Zulu churches and the colonial govern- prepared by him and Mrs. Bingham. ment has been satisfactorily settled. Six more native pastors were ordained On April 4 a letter was received from at the recent jubilee. Every year the government stating that licenses there is a demand for some 2,000 empowering them to perform the mar- books in Gilbertese. The islanders riage ceremony had that day been have purchased some I I ,000 copies of dispatched to all the native ministers Mr. Bingham's translation of the of our Zulu mission who had applied Scriptures. for them, who are thus qualified to fill all the services that ordinarily devolve A touching letter of thanksgiving, upon Christian ministers, and the peo- recording what he had done for them ple do not need to go outside of their since the time when "the minds of own churches to have their marriages the people were very dark," was dislegalized.-Missionary Herald. patched to the veteran missionary by the churches assembled at the jubilee. MISCELLANEOUS Since 1875, the climate of Apaiang having become no longer endurable, A Woful Comparison Dr. Bingham has resided at Honolulu, still prosecuting literary work for the The whole Christian world of 150,- Gilbertese.-The Outlook.

000,000 contribute only some $17,000,- 000 for missions, while in the State of New York, with less than 8,000,000

THE MISSIONARY

IN THE VALLEY OF THE NILE. By Charles said that even in the days of Ismail R. Watson. 236 pp, I6mo, with map and more Christians were permitted ad- 13 illustrations. Fleming H. Revell Co., vancement to the position of omdeh New York. 1908. of towns and villages than to-day. In spite of superior work in government This is the second book on Egypt examinations, native Christians must and Christian missions in the Nile give precedence to Moslem candidates. Valley prepared by Dr. Watson. His former handbook, "Egypt and the Missionary effort is fully treated, and the author is generally fair in his Christian Crusade," was written for a statements. Scant justice is done, narrower circle, and was specially in- however, to the literary history of tended as a text-book for those inter- modern Egypt (see pages 90 and 91), ested in the work of the United Pres- and the foot-notes with the list of ,byterian Church. This volume treats authorities are awkwardly lumped tomore fully and broadly the story of gether in the appendix. But a book early Christianity in Egypt, the con- which has two such wonderful stories quest of Islam, the rise and progress of the romance of missions, so skilfully of modern missionary effort, and the told as are those of Faris and Ahmed, present outlook. The treatment of the is above criticism. This is one of the subject is fair, broad and strong. No- most interesting missionary books of where have we seen a more complete the year. summary of the causes that changed the once Christian Egypt into a Mos- MAINTAINING THE UNITY. Report of Ilth lem stronghold than is given here. The International Conference of the Evangelauthor shows how Moslem preaching, ical Alliance. Religious Tract Society. taxation, "legislation of an obnoxious London, 1907. cliaracter, bitter persecution, famine, plague, intermarriage, and Arab im- This interesting volume is very well migration, all together, reduced ~ edited. It has 400 pages of valuable Christian population of ten million matter, containing the substance of souls to six hundred thousand! The over 80 addresses, covering all aspects real character of Islam in Egypt is of Christianity, and exhibiting in a laid bare, and also the painful neutral- refreshingmannerthe essential oneness ity of the British policy in, the Nile of all evangelical believers and the Valley to-day. Few, if any, would preciousness of the cardinal truths of deny that this policy has been pro- the Christian faith. But this volume Moslem. A Moslem monthly maga- is more than an illustration of Chriszine, the Arafate, in an article on the tian unity. It is a report of Christian British government of Egypt, says, cooperation in mission work. It gives and seriously, "Soon the Moslems of us a glimpse of the progress of vital Egypt, of the Hejaz, of Yemen, of Christianity in Russia, Germany, Hol- Syria, of Persia, of Algeria, and even land, Switzerland, France, Spllin, of Constantinople, will not wish other Italy, etc., and further East in the than to be under this government countries of Asia, in South America, which has hitherto shown itself de- and Africa;- in fact, throughout the termined to put the law of the Koran world. Such addresses as those of into force. Who knows? It will per- Baron Nicolai, Pasteur Appia, Bishop haps be the glory of Lord Cromer … Hartzell, Paul Nagano, Mr. Cheng to resurrect Moslem law which the Ching Yi, may be read by those who majority of our leaders declare, with- could not hear them; and it is espeout blinking, to be utterly out of date." cially encouraging, amid so many voices, to hear such true ring of sound Native Christians are arbitrarily ex- faith and fervent attachment to the cluded from several departments of central truths of the inspired word, in government service, altho qualifying this day of loose opinions. Here is for them. Native commissioned offi- a glimpse of God's world-wide work. cers are exclusively Moslem. It is

THE WORLD CALL TO MEN OF TO-DAY. ble about the young man unless it is his fidelity to work, and his earnest Edited by David McConaughy. 8vo. pursuit of high ideals. Thurston was 323 pp. $I.oo. Illustrated. Board of For- interested in what interests boys and eign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, young men, but he was also in- U. S. A., New York. I 908. terested in the kingdom of God, and determined to use his life not merely The Men's Missionary Convention for self-advancement, but for someof the Presbyterian Church, held in thing higher and broader and better Philadelphia last February, was a and more enduring. His life story memorable occasion and deserved a may, in a quiet way, stimulate other permanent record. The addresses young men to similat: nobility. were powerful and worthy of preservation. Thev have been edited in a MISSIONS STRIKING HOME. By Joseph Erway to make-them attractive and use- nest McAfee. 12mo, I27 pp. 7S cents, ful with a topical table of contents net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. and a full index. The ca1l of the rgoS. world, the call of God, and the past, present and coming responses of the Few comprehend the length and Church are set forth by such leaders breadth, the depth and height of the as John R. Mott, Dr. Arthur J. Brown, term "Home Missions" in its broad Rev. Horace G. Underwood, Dr. S. sense. In America it includes carrying M. Zwemer, Mr. Robert E. Speer, the Gospel and its by-product~ to Rev. Homer C. Stuntz, Mr. Silas Mc- every nationality of Europe, to ne- Bee, William T. Ellis, and a host of groes, Indians, Eskimos, Chinese, J apother secretaries, clergymen, editors anese, Hindus and Syrians, and white and laymen. This report may easily settlers in cities, rural districts, mounfurnish ammunition and inspiration for tains, mines and lumber camps and many missionary addresses and plans pioneer territory. No one can overfor an aggressive campaign in estimate the importance of home mischurches of all denominations. sions for the welfare of our country or for the redemption of the world. Mr. A LIFE WITH A PURPOSE. By Henry B. McAfee was born and brought up in Home Mission territory, and his heart Wright. I2mo, 3I7 pp. $I.50 net. Flem- and mind have been fired with mis- ing H. Revell Co., N ew York. 1908. sionary enthusiasm. In these addresses he gives stirring clarion calls to the John Lawrence Thurston, first mis- spiritual conquest of the West and the sionary of the Yale Mission, is the winning of the immigrants. He shows hero of this memorial volume. His the need of the simple Gospel and the valor was not shown on bloody battle- reflex influence of home missious on fields or in commercial conquests or American homes. He shows the danpolitical campaigns, but in steady ger of neglecting this work but at the perseverance, and the fulfilment of a same time truly says: "We will never purpose to use a life to carry out the be scared into doing our duty by the will of God. Thurston was born in spiritually neglected. If we wait to Whitinsville, Mass., in 1874, and died minister cleansing to the unclean until after a brief service as a missionary we are forced into it by the jeopardy to China, thirty years later. of ourselves becoming befouled, that ministry will be shamefully delayed. The story of this life is simply told, Let us not preach the Gospel for the for the most part from diaries and menace of not doing so, but let us letters-a story of child life in a New rather share with God His glorious England village, a boy's life at school, enterprise." a young man's experiences in college, the Yale Mission Band, training in the Theological Seminary,and pioneering for the Yale Mission in China. There is nothing striking or remarka-