The Missionary Review of the World — November 1938

1938

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia Samuel M. Zwemer Reality and Romance in Czechoslovakia Joseph Novotny The Universality of Christ E. Stanley Jones Problems of the Churches in Asia Akira Ebisawa Outlook for the Church in India B. L. Rallia Ram The Saintly Surgeon of India Margaret McKellar A New Children's Page Violet Wood 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a YeaT

to Remember IPIRITUAL REVIVAL IN' FULL

N(lvember 1-3-Nationaf Stewardship The war in China has added greatly to our material burdens. It ha. greatly deepened Convention, Chicago, Ill. the spiritual life of all at the Home and also increased the number we are carinll for Your prayers and aid will now 110 further in winning souls for Christ than perha~ November 6-11-International Good- ever before. Let the appeal of hundreds who are helpless and hopeles. not be in .will Congress. San Francisco, Calif. vain. A little lloes a long way in China• November 20-Thanksgiving Sunday. HOME OJ: ONEJIPHORUJ D~ember 6-9-Biennial meeting of TAlAN, SHANTUNG, CHINA the Federal Council of Churches, . Buffalo, N. Y. This faith work is one of the largest Christian institutions in the Orient. It has been December 13-30-International Mis- consecrated for over twenty years to the rescue of the homeless.

sionary Council, Madras, India. Write today for FREE picture and story of Chinese girl shown in this ad • January 8-10, 1939 – Home Missions also receive "Helping China'. Helpless," telling how God led Rev. and Mrs: Anglin to open the Home and how He blessed the work. a thrilling story. Council, Baltimore, Md. January 23-February 18-Iowa School HOME OF ONESIPHORUS American Office for Missionaries. Iowa State College, 2811 North Racine Avenue Drawer 36 Chicago, nlinois Ames, Iowa. Personal Item. keget; Ins~itute, is convalescing after Obituary Notes a serIOUS Illness. Dr. Carver's discov- eries are known around the world. The Rev. David B. Schneder, D.D., Dr. W. Graham Scroggie, one of a missionary of the Reformed Church the Vice-Presidents of England's Na- Mrs. Prem N* at*h D*as, Vice-Presi- in the U. S. to Japan since 1887, died tional Young Life Council for some in Sendai, Japan, on October 4. Dr. years, now becomes the Free Church dent of Isabella Thoburn College in Schneder was one of the outstanding President of the Movement, to succeed Lucknow, has been chosen as sucees- missionaries and for many years was the late Carey Bonner. He will hold sor to Dr. Mary E. Shannon, Princi- president of the College of North the office jointly with Canon Rowland pal, who retires early in 1939. Mrs. Japan, retiring two years' ago. He Grant. Das is the first Indian to become head was de~orated by the Mikado with the of the first college for women in Asia. Fourth Order of the Rising Sun and *** the Third Order of Sacred Treasure. Dr. Rufus J*one*s *and Dr. Harry He was born in Bowmansville, Pa., Dr. W. A. Visser 't Hooft, of Ge- and was graduated from Franklin neva, has been elected president of the Silcock, representing Quaker Mis- and Marshall College and from Lan- World Student Christian Federation sions of the United States and Eng- caster Theological Seminary. at a meeting in Paris, attended by 120 land, have been visiting China, study- delegates from Australia, India, Java, ing the situation and gathering data, *** South Africa, Canada, United States, preparatory to sending a staff of and nearly all the European countries. workers to open headquarters in Miss Isabel K. MacDermott, ex- Shanghai for the administration of ecutive secretary of the Board of The Russian Student Movement in relief. The Quakers have proved their Trustees of Santiago College in Chile, Exile, having its headquarters in Par- efficiency in this line. died in the Post-Graduate Hospital, is, joined with the French Student New York City, August 12, following Christian Movement as hosts of the a major operation. Miss MacDermott conference. was a teacher in Santiago College Dr. Luther W*esl*ey *Smith, pastor of many years ago. *** the First Baptist Church of Syracuse, *** Rev. Saburo Imai, secretary of the N. Y., has been chosen as Executive Mrs. R. W. Porteous, of Shanghai, Board of Missions of the Japan Meth- Secretary of the American :tJaptist whose capture by communists in 1930 odist Church, is in America as a rep- Publication Society, succeeding Dr. will be remembered, died at Nanchang resentative of his church to the United Owen C. Brown, retired. May 5. Mrs. Porteous went to China Church of Canada. 44 years ago as Emma Forsberg, of Pennock, Minn. She married R. W. *** Dr. James A.*Gr*aha*m, founder and Porteous in 1908, and through their Dr. Robert Bond, president of the united efforts more than 50 outsta- Methodist Conference of Great Brit- director of the Presbyterian Mission . tions were opened in West Central ain, traveled 20,000 miles last year Hospital in Tagbilaran, Philippine Is- Kiangsi. When news was flashed without missing a single engagement. lands, has been declared an adopted around the world in March, 1930, of He attributes this in large measure to son of the Province of Bohol. The the capture of Mr. and Mrs. Porteous the prayers of the membership for declaration, printed on parchment, by communists, multitudes gathered their president. was presented to Dr. Graham in the' to pray for their deliverance. Mter presence of government authorities, being held for three months, they were *** members of Bohol Medical Society and released, having suffered untold hard- Dr. George Washington Carver, other prominent Boholanos. ships and indignities. distinguished Negro scientist of Tus- After a period of recuperation in America, they returned to China in The .Rev. J.*Le*on*Hooper, D.D., 1932 to reopen the Burrows Memorial of the Board of Foreign Missions, Bib~ School in Nanchang. Presbyterian Church, has been asked to extend his service as Acting Secre- *** tary for the portfolio which includes Japan, Korea, Siam and the Philip- Rev. Charles Phillips, of Johannes- pine Islands, for another period of burg, South Mrica, died June 6 at the three months. age of 85. He was a missionary of the London Missionary Society, and *** .later pastor of Ebenezer Congrega- tional Church in Johannesburg. Mrs. F. E. Shotwell has taken up the responsibilities of Western Super- visor of Migrant Work for the Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions. She comes to the Council with a training and experience that fits her peculiarly A practical, effective course in methods for these responsibilities, so ably car- of Chrisuan work and soul·winning. ried on by Miss Adela J. Ballard dur- ing the last ten years of her lifetime. Send 15c in stamp. for curreat iiau.. ' Mrs. Shotwell was a member of the Council staff in 1931-1932 in the Colo- PUBUCATIOMSJHG (Concluded on page 518.) Harrisburg, Pa.

MISSIONARY A missionary to West China voices The great white Empresses

REVIEW OF THE WORLD the view of many missionaries who every speed record to and from are at isolated stations and so are the Orient. 10 days direct to DBUVAN L. PmRBON, B4tto,. deprived of the rich privileges we en- Yokohama by Empress of Asia joy at home. A small living income, or Empress of Russia. Or only VOL. LXI Nov., 1938 No. 11 with heavy expenses, also makes it three days more via Hawaii by difficult for them to buy books and Empress of Japan, largest and Publication and Business 01llce– magazines and they have no public fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Third and Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. libraries. The following letter sug- of Canada. Connect at Honolulu gests a field for loving service: from California ports. Editorial and Executive 01llce– From Vancouver and Victoria 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. "We have been so delighted with to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Entered as second-class matter at THE REVIEW . . . Please enter our Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. subscription so that we will not miss Details from YOUR TRAVEL Post 01llce, Harrisburg, P •., under any issue. It is a source of spiritual AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: Act of March 3, 1879. power and an inspiration to us. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. "R. H. THOMAS, Yunnan, China. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. * * .. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1938. British agents – Marshall, Morgan A leader in the church in America and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings. volunteers the following: London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year. "There is no magazine which comes to my desk which'I read with more MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- intense interest than the REVIEW. You LISHING CO., INC. are doing a wonderful piece of work BOARD OF DIRECTORS in editing this magazine, and keep- ing the Christian world in touch with ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre,ident the whole realm of missionary ac- A. L. WA.RNBHUIB, Vioe-Pre,ident tivity. I thought the September num- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ber especially good." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary PAUL J. BRAISTED JOHN TIMOTHY STONE, President of the Presbyterian SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Theological Seminary, Chi- D. J. FANT cago.

MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD *** WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH We can never preach the Gospel SAMUEL M. ZWRMRR with power until we get over the caste spirit. If all Christian workers are Editorial Chat not cured of our spiritual aristocracy, God never will give us the power of The four hundred or more delegates the Holy Spirit in winning souls. to the International Missionary Coun- Peter could not go down to that housecil will soon meet in Madras, India, hold in Caesarea and preach the Gosfor two weeks' conference (December pel with power until he had learned 13 td 30). They, face a difficult situa- that any man, woman, or child in the tion at home and in many mission wide world to whom God sends His fields. The influence and pronounce- Gospel is on equality of right and ments of this conference of leaders privilege with the proudest nobles of should be far-reaching. THE REVIEW the earth. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. has asked a number of delegates to write impressions of the conference Personal Items and to secure papers from those who make the most important contributions (Concluded from second cover.) -especially native Christian leaders from each field. Among those who are rado migrant camps and during the to give our readers their views of the succeeding years as a teacher devoted situation and their reactions to the her summers to working in migrant conference discussions are: Dr. John projects in California, Oregon, and R. Mott (Chairman), Dr. Paul W. Washington. Harrison of Arabia, Dr. Frank W. Price of China, Mr. Kenneth Grubb of Dr. Mary E. *Sha*nn*on, Principal of the World Dominion Movement, Dr. H. Kerr Taylor of Nashville and Dr. Isabella Thoburn College at Lucknow, H. Kraemer of Holland. These are re- India, has been awarded the Kaiser-iquested to give us not only their own Hind medal, for conspicuous public views, but the views of Nationals service. Miss Shannon has presented from various lands. Later we will her resignation from the college, to announce the plans made to present take effect early in 1939. the most vital themes discussed at Madras before the churches in Amer- Americans are too prone to identify ica. Do not miss these reports. the Kingdom of God with democratic liberalism: There may be a place in *** the Kingdom of God for the Authori- tarian State; but there can be no N ow is the time to plan for Christ- place for the Totalitarian State.- mas. Nothing you can send to a mis- Rev. Howard Chandler Robbins, New sionary friend (at home or abroad) York. or to a pastor or other intelligent Christian friend will be of greater The Church has denied the univerinterest and value, to keep them in- sality of Christianity by its divisions formed on world conditions and the over doctrine, race and nationality. progress of Christianity, than a year's It has itself erected the barriers that subscription to THE REVIEW. (Note separate Christianity from Christ.- our special offer on the back cover of T. Z. Koo, Shanghai, China. this issue.) [ 513]

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AMERICAN-ARABIAN MISSION-MASON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, BAHRAIN NEGLECTED ARABIA-A STffEET SCENE IN HOFUF-HASA (see article by Dr. S. M. Zwemer-page 519) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1938 Topics of the Times THE PRESENT CRISIS IN ASIA program for a representative government under About fifty years ago, a book was published an Indian parliament. Mr. Gandhi, Jawaharlal which greatly influenced the missionary thinking Nehru and other leaders cannot agree on a plan and activity of the Christian Church. It was fo~ effecti,:e cooperation. Suspicion and jealousy stir up strIfe among Moslems, Hindus Sikhs and called "The Crisis of Missions," * and was the re- Christians in the desire for a controlli'ng voice in the government. Proportionate representation in sult of a careful study of world conditions and the parliament is a great bone of contention. opportunity before the Christian Church. At that time doors long closed were opening to the mes- A year ago the political problem in China sengers of Christ in all lands. God was calling but seemed on the way to a satisfactory solution, with the Church was giving only a feeble response- Sun Yat Sen's "Principles" to guide the national not more than ten thousand missionaries to the program, and with strong unselfish Christian leadten hundred million unevangelized. One out of ership in the government. Then came the Japaevery 15,000 Protestants was a missionary and nese absorption of Manchuria and the cruel and the annual gifts for work abroad amounted to only unwarranted invasion of China by the Japanese about $10,000,000. In the next ten or fifteen war machine. Meanwhile Western nations look years the number of missionaries doubled and the supinely on, with disapproval but still supply gifts multiplied four fold. A spiritual awakening Japan with war materials for the murderous camalso came to Christians at home; prayer and mis- paign. In the midst of this agonizing strife China sionary training increased; the progress of the is more united than ever before. Gospel in many lands was rapid and transforming. Then came the World War which resulted But Japan too is passing through a political in a great slump in the spiritual life of the crisis. With the military dictatorship in control churches. Non-Christian nations became more and the fear of communism ever present; with the suspicious of outside influences and were more common people kept in ignorance of the real eager for self-determination in politics, education situation; with the theory of a "divine Emperor" and religion. But the seeds of Truth had been hanging in the balance, and with growing antagplanted; Christ had been preached and His life onism and distrust between Japan and most of the had been exemplified so that the work has con- countries of Europe and America-no one can tell what a day may bring forth. Korea has already tinued to grow. felt the evil effects of this political despotism and Today there is a new crisis in Asia. Anyone there everything is being Japanized by force.

even slightly informed can see the dangers and The social and economic crisis in Asia is also the opportunities, especially in Moslem lands, in appar~nt. India is continually fighting poverty, India, in China and in Japan. The turning of the but wIth some success under British guidance. The tide in one direction means retrogression or dis- caste system, which has been her bane, shows aster; turned Godward it means progress and signs of breaking down under the leadership of new life. The crisis in these lands is threefold- Dr. Ambedkar and through the preaching of the political, social and economic, educational and re- Gospel of Christ. Fifty years ago what is taking place today-with the opening of schools and publigious. lic wells and government positions to outcastes- The political crisis in India is due to the mlw * "The Crisis of Missions," by Arthur T, Pierson, published In would have been thought impossible.

1886, went through many editions, [ 515]

In China, the fear of communism has passed- who declares that although he was born a Hindu if Japanese aggression can be stopped. Public he will not die a Hindu.

improvements in roads and other means of com- Enough has been said to call attention to the munication; the development of natural resources present crisis in these great nations of Asia. It and trade, and the improvement in social ideals is a time of danger and of opportunity-of danger were showing great progress-and then came lest the people retrograde into confusion, depres- Japan as an instrument of destruction. But sion and opposition to Christ and His program; China's power to resist and to recuperate has been a time of opportunity when through vital union proved through the centuries. with Christ they may be brought through to true The social and economic situation in Japan and liberty and peace, to social and economic progress Korea is serious. The war is estimated to cost and to new spiritual life and power.

Japan $5,000,000 a day and the people are feeling The Way to Victory the depression more and more. They are being heavily taxed and are commanded to omit all lux- What is the way of victory? Politically it is not uries and many things considered necessities. the way of greater armies, navies and air bat- Hundreds of thousands of wage earners are being talions; it is not by accepting the supremacy of killed in China. Koreans also are suffering ac- communistic, fascist, or socialistic lead~rs; it is cutely from Japanese taxation and exploitation. not even through pacifism or a peaceful struggle The Educational and Spiritual Crisis for political control. Christ and the apostles lived in a time of political oppression and the de- The educational and spiritual crisis in Asia is pendence on armed force, but they sought peace intimately linked with the political and economic by obedience to laws that did not defy the laws situation. Materialism and atheism are strug- of God, by love that suffers long and is kind and gling against Christ and His principles of love, by preaching Christ as the Saviour and Lord of justice and freedom. all. "When the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do?" They can stilI be right- In Japan and Korea, Christian education is eous, trust God and stand true to Him-even unto threatened with extinction, as emperor worship death. and attendance at the Shinto shrines is being required of Christians and non-Christians alike. Socially and economically the way of victory is Japanese and Koreans were fast becoming edu- not by a new social setup or through the adoption cated in Christian truth, enlightened customs and of certain economic principles-for self-seeking ideals, but now the government is fast taking all men to disregard. In the time of Christ, social ineducation under its control and is depriving the justice was everywhere apparent, slavery and people of the religious liberty promised by the poverty prevailed and there was a great gulf beconstitution. The alternative is being offered- tween the rich and the poor. Christians met the Baal or Jehovah, Diana or Christ, God as re- crisis not by advocating 3 redistribution of wealth, vealed in the Bible or Shinto. or even the immediate liberation of slaves, but by proclaimIng the law of love, by preaching and In China, in the midst of political and economic practicing justice and by showing that God is no distress, there seems to be a spiritual awakening respector of persons. They revealed the truth that and greater religious freedom. Whereas Christian riches consist not in accumulated wealth but that teaching was excluded from the schools under re- character and contentment come from honest toil, cent laws, the loyalty of Christians and the sacri- brotherly dealings and an unselfish, wise steward- ficial service of missionaries in caring for the ship of time, talents and possessions.

wounded and destitute has now brought permis- The educational and spiritual needs were seen sion to make Christian teaching a part of school in the days of the early Church. These needs were and college curriculums. Spiritual revivals and met, not by great united campaigns or by the a new earnestness in prayer and new power in establishment of institutions, they were met by Christian testimony are reported from all over uplifting Christ and by teaching His truth to all China today. so that new desires and ambitions were awakened, India, too, is in a spiritual crisis. Hinduism new life and power were imparted and the call of seems to be making a desperate last stand. Evan- God was heard for the establishment of a new gelistic campaigns are spreading and several thou- order.

sands every month are coming forward to confess The secret of meeting every crisis effectively- Christ. The dissatisfaction of Depressed Classes be it political, social, economic, educational, spirit- with Hinduism may lead to a tremendous exodus ual, national, missionary or personal-is to take into the Christian or possibly into the Moslem God into account; it is to bring men and women fold. Many take the position of Dr. Ambedkar into such vital relation to God through Christ,

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

that new life will come to them, with new aims territory with over 15,000,000 inhabitants. These and energy, new intelligence and a keen desire include Czechs of Bohemia (Monrovia and Sefor knowledge; a new sense of justice; new love lesia) Slovaks, Germans, Poles, Jews, Russians, for God and man and new power to carry out His Hungarians and other races ,and nationalities. Twoprogram. Is there any other way? thirds are Czechoslovaks. The predominant re- ligion is Roman Catholic; they are reported to THE PLIGHT OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA number ten million. Under President Masaryk the country enjoyed prosperity for twenty years. Before 1918 there was no political division in Multitudes have left the Roman Catholic church to Europe named Czechoslovakia. The land and become Protestants who number about 1,130,000. people were a part of Austria-Hungary for three hundred years. Then came the Versailles Treaty What should be the attitude of Christians in and as a penalty for fighting a losing warfare such a crisis? What would be the attitude of Austria-Hungary was divided, part of the terri- Christ? While we have obligations to the govtory and people going to Rumania and Poland, ernment and the land in which we live, our true part to the new nations of Hungary and Yugo- dtizenship is not of this world. The basis for our slavia and part to Czechoslovakia. The people peace and welfare is not a human government of seemed satisfied with this allocation and Prof. our own choosing. Some of the greatest Chris- T. G. Masaryk, the high-minded and wise patriot tians have been developed under most unfavorwas elected the first president. All seemed to go able circumstances-in the ancient Roman Emwell while the nations were struggling to recover pire, in Russia, in France and Spain during days from the economic effects of the war and while of persecution, in Turkey under the Sultan, and Germany was weak and unarmed. Now, twenty in every mission field where Christianity has years after the war ended and peace treaties sought to gain a foothold. Christ Himself warned were signed, the provisions of the Treaty of His disciples that in this world they must ex- Versailles relating to Czechoslovakia are scrapped. pect hardship and persecution; He called Saul the Germany, under the dominating leadership of persecutor to become His missionary, showing Adolph Hitler, has rearmed in such a formidable him, not what a comfortable successful time he way that the Reich feels strong enough to disre- would have, but "how great things he must suffer" gard other European nations. After taking over for the sake of Christ. all of Austria, without a battle, he has demanded large sections of Czechoslovakia where "Sudeten Christians and the Christian Church are called Germans" are living, and has captured their ter- to work unfalteringly for a better world, to preach ritory under threat of a general European war. and practice peace; to feed the hungry, heal the Already he has marched in to take possession of sick, care for the fatherless and widows; to preach fortifications, cities, health resorts, natural re- and practice righteousness and brotherly love in sources, and many industrial plants on which the the name of Christ and in the power of the Holy Czechoslovakian Government has depended for Spirit. In Czechoslovakia, as in Spain and Ethieconomic and military strength. The end is not opia, in China and Korea, Christians pray for yet; while the four parties to the new agreement- courage as they face conflicts and ungodly human Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy-have dictators; they are not discouraged in the midst supposedly guaranteed the new boundaries of the of trials; true followers of Christ will witness to shrinking republic, Herr Hitler is not satisfied. Him and will resolve to love even their enemies He sees that the other nations fear modern war- and to pray for rulers and for those who "despitefare and its terrible results, as he does not, and fully use and persecute them." Czechoslovakia and therefore he stands ready to demand more conces- other lands may be ravaged by war and torn by sions to add to his territory in Europe-and fire, sword and pestilence but the life of the probably will demand a return of former German Christian is "hid with Christ in God." colonies. Poland and Hungary also are demanding slices of Czechoslovakia inhabited by some of War is a taste of hell on earth but there is sometheir people. It is as though Mexico were strong thing even worse than the mental and physical enough to demand United States territory in the horrors of warfare-namely the utter spiritual southwest, in which Mexicans have made their homes. The Czechoslovaks were ready to fight darkness of those whose lives are alienated from for their land but could not do it alone, when God. There is much that Christians can do for abandoned by their allies who had guaranteed the suffering people of Czechoslovakia, and of their boundaries. other stricken lands, in this hour of their dire Czechoslovakia has had 54,250 square miles of need. Christian love is not merely a pious senti- ment, it is a divine dynamic that operates for practical and Godlike ends.

SO THIS IS INDIA TODAY* strong even where the leaders themselves are not "The earthquakes that have rattled our bun- Christians. galow are as nothing compared with the movements which are changing the whole life of Agriculture and industry: India has resources, India," writes an experienced missionary in look- physical and spiritual, that are undeveloped by ing over the scene-political, social, and religious any of her old religions. These schools are a part -which now confronts Christian forces. "I have of the answer which missionaries are making to never seen the foundations of society shaken as the question, "How important are 700,000 villages they are today." and their inhabitants?"

India has a population three times that of the It is impossible to separate the work of the United States; 200 languages in use; climate Kingdom of God into given classifications. The ranging from tropical to subarctic; a rigid social doctor and the nurse, the industrial teacher and and religious system which is now giving way the rural expert, the minister and the woman: before modern conditions; five widespread re- evangelist, the teacher and the administrative ligions, besides innumerable minor faiths. In the officer, are but parts of the whole force of Chrismidst of all this we find that Christianity is in- tians who have put their gifts of trained and decreasing much more rapidly in proportion than voted lives at the service of Christ to make India a part of the Kingdom which shall not end.

the population! These few facts underly the cur- rent work in India. Behind the familiar state- THE CRISIS AMONG NEGROES ments are rapid changes in life and psychology such as have never before confronted India. According to President Mordecai Johnson of Howard University in Washington, D. C., the Christians set the standards for the education Negro is in a worse state today than he was beand training of women, and the women of India fore the depression, and in the most precarious are responding with zeal and unselfishness. Chris- position he has been since 1880. Dr. Johnson tians set standards for the improvement of village feels that his people are likely to lose in the next life; for lifting the level of rural millions above ten years the greater proportion of all they have the line of desperate poverty; for care of body gain~d, unless steps are taken to avert this disand soul in hospitals and clinics. Education is aster. This is an opinion to challenge the attenmore widespread, leadership for and by the mem- tion of every public-minded citizen, and every bers of the Depressed Classes is vigorous and friend of our Negro millions. The problem of vocal. The high percentage of illiteracy has made providing work for the vast reservoir of unemthe goal of Christian workers "Every Christian ployed Negro labor rising out of the maladjusta reader by 1941." "Never mind lunch," was the ments of the cotton plantation system in the South cry of a group of women. "We can get food later; is a colossal one to attack, and one far out of the we can't get a teacher when this meeting is over!" scope of anyone church to solve. The Church must be aware tha.t such a problem exists, else Medical work: Missionary doctors (men and how can it help to create a public opinion which women) and nurses, work with an Indian staff of will demand that some national attempt at a soludoctors and nurses in hospitals and dispensaries. tion be made? The problem resolves itself into a They treat tuberculosis and leprosy as well as the concern about educated young Negroes, willing more common ills of India. and eager to work at anything that will pay a liv- ing wage, unable to find a niche, rebuffed and hu- Schools and universities: Union and denomina- miliated frequently in the search for honest work, tional colleges and schools are scattered over all India.

Evangelistic work is conducted in evangelistic and excluded from most of the opportunities to meetings, in churches, schools and hospitals. earn a decent living. Many possibilities are auto- Mass movements are again in progress as they matically closed to the young Negro and he starts were a generation ago. Political as well as social out with a defeatist attitude, knowing that he will influence is largely against these movements, ow- be lucky to work into some elevator or service'

ing to the fact that voters are registered by reli- job; that there are not even too many of these, gion. If means were at hand to train them, the and that he will automatically get less money for missions could use many more Indian evangelistic his work than his white neighbor.

workers to help to seize so great an opportunity. What the Church can do is problematic; what Women's work: Women are making history in individuals can do is just as complicated; but India, from political leaders to village workers. there is one thing all can do-we can become in- Some are Christians but the Christian influence is formed and interested. Each person can examine his own practical Christianity.

• Extracts from Monday Morning, a weekly paper for Presbyterian -Virginia Ray, in the Presbyterian Tribune. pastors.

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia*

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey -.~ Author of "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," etc., etc., one of the ~- Founders of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America FIFTY years ago the tragic death of Ian Keith- The backward s·tate of the "As·ir highlands, intended Falconer at Aden called the attention of the by nature to be a paradise, is the inevitable result of world to Arabia. His memorable words man's inability to live at peace with his neighbors." Yet stirred the student world of his day: "While vast here nature and man h.ave cer.tainly combined to create a continents are shrouded in almost utter darkness scene of astonishing beauty, and it seemed to me that man had actually outdone nature in their friendly rivalry.

and hundreds of millions suffer the horrors of Imagine a great tableland thrust up to a height of 9000heathenism and Islam, the burden of proof rests 9500 feet, towering above the tumbled mountains and upon you to show that the circumstances in which valleys of the Tihama on one side and the endless expanse God has placed you were meant by Him to keep of mountains and desert on the other. The surface of the p·lateau, plunging steeply down on one side in a series of you out of the foreign field." splendid buttresses, slopes gently on th.e other in the The burden of the unoccupied areas of the curves of graceful valleys, forming huge theaters, for world rested on the Edinburgh Missionary Con- which man has provided the seats in terrace after terference nearly thirty years later. (Witness the race of cornfields. In the middle of Jurie the corn was ripe, and I shall never forget that scene of golden ears report and the literature on the subject at that soughing and howing under the gentle· breeze, terrace time.) The subject was practically shelved at the after terrace, down the mighty flanks of those moun- Jerusalem Council Meeting in 1928, and the sur- tains, whose steeper slopes nature had reserved for her vey by Charles H. Fahs was not even printed in own planting-a dense forest of junipers and other trees the eight-volume report. Now the World Domin- extending down to the 7500-foot level. And in the fields and forest the !birds rejoiced.

ion Movement, in its series of Survey Volumes, The natural boundaries of Arabia are not in has laid emphasis not only on what the Christian degrees of lattitude or longitude. The great "Is- Church has done and is doing, but especially upon land of the Arabs," as they themselves call it, has the vast unfinished task and the great unoccupied its geographical and historical area accurately areas. Their latest volmne deals with Arabia- expressed in the thrice repeated promise of the long neglected and now the hardest battleground Old Testament "from sea to sea and from the in the spiritual conflict with Islam. Dr. Harold I. Storm (who is chiefly respon- river unto the ends of the earth." Iraq and sible for the Survey and has written all of the Transjordania are of Arab speech, race and trachapters except one, which is by Mrs. Storm) dition; the great northern desert has been the has probably traveled more widely across the tenting ground of the Arab since the dawn of Arabian peninsula than any other missionary. history.

His recent tour took him across the peninsula Dr. Storm's survey is the first complete survey from east to west and inland to Asir, Yemen, and of Arabia today as a mission field. Until the year the cities of Hadramaut. The beautiful photo- 1889, this vast area was considered a closed land. graphic illustrations in this volume reveal some- Dr. Eugene Stock, then Secretary of the Church thing of the variety of Arabian landscape. Missionary Society, in an address at the Ecu- Arabia is not all desert. It has fertility and menical Missionary Conference held in New York beauty. H. St. John Philby has recently made an in 1900, said: "The greatest of all these unen- extensive journey to the Land of Sheba (Geo- tered countries, which is very rarely mentioned graphical Journal, July, 1938) through the great in missionary accounts, is Arabia. There is that Wady of Nejran, where Christians died martyrs great Arab race, the children of Abraham as before the days of Mohammed. Here is his pic- much as are the Jews, waiting for the Gospel; ture of one unoccupied province of Arabia. Does but we cannot get in to preach it. The Lord will it not come as a challenge?: open that door when we have entered the doors • "Whither Arabia?" By Harold Storm, M.D., IIlus. $1.50. Pub- already open." Why did this missionary stateslished by the World Dominion Movement, New York and London. man and historian consider Arabia "the great- [ 519]

est" of all the unoccupied fields and speak of «the Dr. Storm shows that the Arabs are a great great Arab race"? race in origin and destiny, and are capable of great achievement. Physically they are undoU'bt- Of all the lands comparable to Arabia in size, edly one of the strongest races of the world, a and of all the peoples who in any way approach survival of the fittest in an environment that kills the Arabs in historical interest and influence, no off the weaklings. The character, influence and country and no nationality (as Prof. Hitti re- literature of the Arabic language witnesses to the .marks) has received "so little consideration and genius of the people and of their prophet Moham- study in modern times as have Arabia and the med, through his book. A certain degree of sim- Arahs." Arabia is one of the great Bible lands, ilarity in human character, and an even greater has an area of a million square miles and is the similarity of language and custom and religion, probable cradle of the Semitic race which has prevails over the entire area where Arab migra- given the world its three great theistic faiths: tion brought Islam in its early conquest. Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Who can say whether what happened in the The Arabs have been world-conquerors and ex- seventh century may not occur again in the twen- plorers. They traveled from the Pillars of Her- tieth, if Christ should capture the Arab heart and cules (Gibraltar) to the coasts of China and in Arabs become messengers of the Gospel as, they the period of their greatest expansion "assim- once were of the Koran? ilated to their creed, speech and even physical type more aliens than any stock before or since, The exploration and mapping of the Arabian not excepting the Hellenic, the Roman, the Anglo- peninsula has made vast strides during and since Saxon or the Russian." Israel's tradition in the the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still A GORGE IN THE TUWAIG MOUNTAINS, ARABIA large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the time of Doughty, the work of men like Lawrence, Old Testament reveals most intimate relations Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, Freya with Arabia and Arab life, both on their eastern Stark, Vander Meulen, and last but not least, frontier and on the south, even to distant Ha- Bertram Thomas, have given us a picture of dramaut; The Hebrew literary genius, as Dr. Arabia and its inhabitants with very few gaps Macdonald has indicated, also shows kinship with remaining. But this latest survey by Dr. Storm Arabia. 'Their literature throughout all their his- is a missionary survey of the field. tory, and to this day, in its method of production and in its recorded forms is of Arab scheme and The new forces that have at last stirred it may type." An index of all the Scriptural references now arouse patriarchal and nomad Arabia from to Arabia and Arabian Bedouin life includes its stagnation. The tide of Western trade and twenty-five books of the Old and five of the New culture came after the earliest missionary occupa- _ Testaments. tion fifty years ago, and has made the task of evangelization at once easier and yet more dif- There is no land in the world and no people ficult. All Arabia faces a new future and this (with the exception of Palestine and the Jews) volume may well ask "whither?". which bear such close relation to the Theocratic covenants and Old Testament promises as do A recent British writer weighs the question: Arabia and the Arabs. The divine promises for "The desert is undoubtedly the clue to the history the final victory of the Kingdom of God in Arabia of the Arabs. Relentless yet free, it has made the are many, definite and glorious. These promises Arab what he is, essentially virile, essentially group themselves around seven names which have chivalrous, essentially spendthrift, essentially fa- from time immemorial been identified with the talistic. Critics have said that the Arab is so lazy peninsula of Arabia: Ishmael, Kedar, N ebaioth, that he has largely made his own deserts rather Sheba, Seba, Midian and Ephah. than that the deserts have made him. Such critics are uJikind and superficial." He goes on to point out that today the Arab has changed. He has a broader horizon and a new sense of nationalism. The Arab is potentially a traveler and has made history outside of Arabia. The excellent maps that accompany the Survey indicate at once the tribal disunity of Arabia and its religious, social and linguistic unity.

As Dr. Storm points out, every year the motor car is penetrating further into neglected Arabia. Communications between every part of the Penin- sula were never so rapid and universal. The

A NEW SURVEY OF NEGLECTED ARABIA

Arabic papers and books from Cairo, Beirut, station is a majority. Arithmetic fails when you Damascus, and Baghdad reach every part of the deal with spiritual realities. Yet it is the im- Peninsula. Surely all this is a challenge to hasten ponderable forces of the Spirit of God which will the work of Christian evangelization. Thirteen determine victory or defeat in Arabia. The three centuries of history prove that there is little hope principal missions in the peninsula are the Amerfor Arabia in Islam. ican Mission on the Persian Gulf, the United Church of Scotland at Aden, and the Danish REPLACING THE ARABIAN CAMEL Church Mission in Yemen. The number of Chris- Longest motor coach in the world-carrying passengers from tians connected with these missions is very small, but their faith and faithfulness is very great. Damascus to Baghdad. Here is a book that truly tells of "Faith" Mis- sions! What Islam has done and has not done for the land of its birth can be read in the fascinating Because we believe that the imponderables of bO.Qks of unprejudiced explorers who, from the the Kingdom of Light are on our side, we believe days of Burckhardt and Niebuhr until those of that "opportunity" is not the last word in mis- Philby and Freya Stark, penetrated the vast sions. The appeal of the closed door is often even peninsula and have portrayed not only the land greater than that of the one which is open. The but the people. Doughty's two volumes are an en- open door beckons; the closed door may be a chalcyclopedia on the effect of Islam in molding the lenge to God's authority. It is the strength of character of the desert Arab. There could be no these imponderable forces-that is to say the stranger indictment of Islam than the fruit of reality of the Invisible, which enables the misthat faith in the character and lives of the Arabs sionary beneath the walls of an Arabian city, or as Doughty portrays them. in its borderlands, to look upward with confidence and to see by faith the future result of his toil in The present Survey does not deal very largely "the great multitude which no man could numwith Islam as a religion but points out the suc- ber"-a world where statistics are inadequate to cess and the further urgent opportunity for express realities, where finance and budgets have Christian missions, especially medical missions. lost all significance and gold is used for paving Dr. and Mrs. Storm are very modest in pointing stones. out what has been achieved in the past five decades. One cannot measure success here by statis- Success is not always measured by numbers tics, although we have tables and figures of nor victory by majorities. "Not by might nor by schools, hospitals and dispensaries. The Arabian peninsula, seen from the back of a camel, is much MODERN AIRPLANE TRAVEL IN ARABIA larger than on the map. Here "one dot may represent 10,000 Moslems"; there, one Moslem power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." Here represents ten thousand difficulties in evangelism. is a new challenge to students in our colleges for Some things cannot be put into tables and figures. the great adventure. After you read this "New You cannot tabulate loneliness nor plot the curve Survey," help to pray through to a successful conof hope deferred which makes the heart sick. Yet clusion the task that God has set before His these are the things that make the difference be- Church in this great and still neglected peninsula. tween the shedding of ink and the shedding of blood. The end of the geographical and ethnological survey is only the beginning of the missionary enterprise. One man with God at a mission

and Romance in Czechoslovakia

By REV. JOSEPH NOVOTNY, D.D., International Baptist Seminary, East Orange, N. ,.

1'. DECENTLY the little democracy of central of the "Unitas Fratrum," and introduced believ- Europe, Czechoslovakia, has become front er's baptism into the Bohemian Brethren Church. page news. In spite of the general interest Count Tolstoy professed himself his admirer and aroused, few readers seem to be acquainted with disciple. The Bohemian Brethren Church of old the country, its problems and the present religious is sometimes called today "the most beautiful situation. blossom on the tree of Christianity since the time According to one of the best Czechoslovakian of the apostles." Comenius was the great religious leader of the "Unitas Fratrum," the teacher of historians, Dr. Kamil Krofta, the foreign minister nations, who was called to Harvard as president, of the Czechoslovakian Government, the Czecho- is a man who is not valued enough. We are only slovaks were already in the present countries beginning to understand what he meant, not only which form Czechoslovakia as early as the second, for the Czechoslovaks but for the culture of the or perhaps in the first, century of the Christian era. world. The Moravian Church of today has its In the fourth century, when people were seek- origin in the work of Chelcicky and Comenius.

ing new homes, and the Slavs, the most numerous Czechoslovaks are the only Slavs who adopted white race in the world who had their cradle in the Reformation and followed it for two hundred the south of Russia, divided into different groups. years. It was an eminently religious country, The Czechoslovaks, although comparatively few "The Land of Book and Cup." There is a proverb, in number, showed the greatest energy and went which has its origin in the time of Hus: "The furthest west of all the Slavs. A few who went Husitic woman knows the Bible better than the further were drowned in the German Sea. The priest." The Czechoslovaks printed the first Czechoslovak land looks like a finger of the great Bible in a living tongue-New Testament in 1475, Slav hand pointing other Slavs to Western culture the whole Bible in 1488, in Prague. For the man of which he became the interpreter. Being the who daily reads and meditates in the Bible they center of Europe, and having high mountains as a coined a word, pismak, which cannot be translated natural frontier, the Czechoslovak was able, dur- into any other language. Nowhere is the Lord's ing the many hundreds of years of Germanizing Supper held in higher esteem than among the efforts of his neighbors, to remain a Czechish Czechoslovaks. The old independent Protestant peninsula in the German Sea. His chief connec- Czech State was a land of liberty, with the kingtion with his Slav brethren has been the Poles to democrat, George of Podebrad, who was a Czechothe north. slovak citizen, chosen king because of his spiritual The Czechoslovaks accepted Christianity as nobility. This Reformation movement was transpreached to them by the two Greek brethren, planted into Slovakia so that half of the popula- Cyrill and Methodius. This fact is the reason tion became Protestants and they use the Czech why the Czechoslovaks, while for the most part Bible and hymnals today. Roman Catholics, have not been strong followers Another fact which shows the missionary spirit of Rome. of the Czechoslovaks in the dawn of the Reforma- The Protestant Reformation ideas took root in tion, is of spiritual interest to all Anglo-Saxons. Bohemia and in the other Czechoslovak territory. When Scotland was still Roman Catholic, but had The greatest man that the Czechoslovak nation some friends of Reformation ideas, they sent to produced, John Hus, was not the first or only re- Prague a message in which they asked for a former. He had many forerunners. His clever representation of the Reformation ideas in the colleague was Jerome of Prague, and his spiritual cradle of Reformation. The Czechs sent a whole successor, Peter Chelcicky, a man who was born expedition, the leader of which, Pavel Kravar, was too soon, an apostle of world peace and separation professor in the Prague University. In his adoptof State and Church. He was the spiritual father ed country he became known as Paul Crawer, or [522 ] LlTBUAN7A·…,~ R U S S I A i,i .,;•J • MOSCOW • "~L" .-….'r""'~-Y.""'-.., iI" uK RAI N.E .A·,. "• Scale of Miles 100 200 30, 0 40, 0 THE THEATER OF TUR'MOIL IN EUROPE TODAY A Herald-Tribu.ne map showing the portions of Czechoslovakia acquired by Germany. These areas comprise about 11,500 square miles (nearly the size of Belgium), with 3,500,000 inhabitants, living along the Western, Northern and Southern boundaries.

Craw; he preached the Gospel in Scotland for tants in Bohemia by Roman Catholic Austria. The three years, and was burned as a heretic at St, Andrews in 1433. Jesuits and soldiers entered the land and tried to Peter Paine, an early English Reformer, who "convert" the people with sword and fire. They was banned from his native country because of his "heretic" beliefs, found a refuge in the free beheaded twenty-seven Czech religious leaders country of Bohemia, and died there in peace, known as "Brother English." The center and spir- and passed a law that everybody who would not itual stronghold of the Reformation ideas was the Czech University of Prague, the oldest one in be Roman Catholic must leave the country or Central Europe, founded in 1348. die. Many died, many left the country without When America was discovered, and many left their homeland to seek gold, the Czechoslovaks their property, so that although Bohemia, before revealed a thirst after pure religion, and sent abroad an expedition to find the best Christians in the Thirty Years' war, had over three millions of the world and to bring home their experience. inhabitants, after the war there were left only Meanwhile the religious divisions were serious. When civil war broke out in 1618, the Austrians eight hundred thousand people. The property of invaded the land and the tragic battle near Prague was a precursor of the end of the inde- the Protestant Czechs (which amounted to five pendent Protestant Czechoslovak State. Emperor Ferdinand of Austria proclaimed that he would hundred million gold crowns, according to the rather see Czechoslovakia a desert than a Protestant country. Few pages of history show such a historian, Bilek) was given to the Roman Catholic dark record as those of the persecution of Protes- Church, nobility, and the Emperor. Three hun- dred years of persecution followed, the history of which a Czech can read only with a bleeding heart.

The Roman Catholic German-Austrians largely succeeded in turning the Czech Protestant land into a Roman Catholic country.

To make the nation forget their national hero, John Hus, the Jesuits brought out a fictitious John (Nepomuk), and named him the nation's patron saint in 1729. .

A dark period followed in Czech history. In

the forests and mountains remained the true out of three who were born in the last year of the pismaks, readers of the Bible, although the Bible war died because of the weakness of their mothwas proclaimed a forbidden book which the ers. In spite of this persecution, the nation kept Jesuits told the people not to read and many were the motto of John Hus: "Woe to those who, for a taken away by force. In order that Catholic serv- piece of bread, sell the truth." ants might not touch the "poisoned books," they carried them in chains, and the priests burned When the war was near at an end, the Czechothem in the churchyards. One Jesuit leader pro- slovaks couldwait no longerfor thearmistice. When claimed openly that he (Konias) had burned sixty they saw that their oppressor grew weaker and thousand Bohemian Bibles and Protestant re- the Allies stronger, they thought that the moment ligious books. In order to find hidden Bibles it is had arrived for their liberation. On the twentyrecorded that the Jesuits used to wear shoes with eighth of October, 1918, Prague was aroused to nails when they went to the fields where the peo- enthusiasm. Crowds crying, "Liberty! Hurrah ple were working barefoot. Trampling on their for the Allies!" were marching through the feet, they asked where they kept their Bibles. streets. People went about kissing and embracing People often went from one village where there each other. The Czechoslovaks are proud that was no Bible to a village where there still was a their greatest day in history was not stained by a Bible and offered a loaf of bread to be allowed to single drop of blood, even by the "enemy." The read and learn parts by heart, in order to share Austro-Germans feared the day of liberation its contents with their neighbors when they re- would be a day of vengence-therefore they turned. closed the doors and windows of their houses in fear. But the new government sent messengers In these dark th'ree hundred years the Protes- to the Germans to open their houses, with the tant Czechoslovaks had to fight Vienna and Rome, message that they need not be afraid as the nation that together tried to Germanize and to Roman- did not intend to persecute anybody in the new ize the nation. Therefore it came about that every State. Czechoslovak was filled with a" hatred against this dualism, and as he read history the antago- When Czechoslovakia was liberated, it seemed nism was doubled. only natural that the national liberation should be crowned by a religious liberation. The Czecho- The Effect of the World War slovak Government prescribed for the first time in the new state a" census, to record to what The third period of the Czechoslovak nation nationality each one belonged, and what religion starts at the moment with the great World War. he professed. It was natural that every Czechoslovak resolved to side with the Allies against Austria; their op- In the old Austria it was not easy to leave the pressor. The leader of the nation, Prof. T. G. Roman Catholic Church, but after the World War, Masaryk, wisely foresaw that a revolution would there was proclaimed complete religious liberty. mean suicide. Therefore he recommended that Many Czechoslovaks, even nominal Roman Cathsome of the leaders go abroad to cooperate with olics, were ashamed to say that they belonged to the Allies, and others stay at home to lead the the Church which had "burned the greatest people. Regiments were organized in Russia, Czechoslovak that ever lived," John Hus; the France, Italy, and America. As a result the Al- church which "robbed our greatest men of their lies recognized the right of the Czechoslovaks for property," and had either killed them or sent independence. them abroad as beggars.

Austria endeavored to punish the Czechoslovaks They said: "We cannot read the history of our for their thirst after freedom and the children nation without feeling ashamed that we besuffered especially. As one poet said: "Who saw long to those who destroyed the whole life of our the sufferings of men, did not see anything, he nation." must see the sufferings of the women; who saw the sufferings of women, did not see anything, Many people (perhaps one-third) left the Rohe must see the sufferings of children." The chil- man Catholic Church during this movement and dren sought for bits of food in ashes, or begged the process is not at an end. While two-thirds of on their knees at the door for a piece of bread. the population are still reported as Roman Cath- When the war was nearly at an end, the Austrian olics, according to the last census the capital minister for Foreign Affairs, Czernin, said to the city of Prague has only fifty-three per cent in Czechoslovak leaders, "When we are forced to that church. Great numbers are joining the new leave your country, we shall leave it a cemetery." Czechoslovak Church which has broken all ties After the armistice eighty-two per cent of the with Rome, recognizes the great men of our Refor- Czechoslovak children had consumption, and two mation as their spiritual leaders, uses the Czecho- slovak language in the church, has pictures of John Hus on the altars, and sings old Husitic

REALITY AND ROMANCE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

hymns; the priests marry, 'and the church is one Czechoslovak village where there were seven- growing in numbers as well as in spiritual life. ty-eight houses, over ninety American flags.

They are learning from the Protestant churches The Czechoslovaks are eager interpreters of new methods, such as the Sunday school and American culture, including religion. It is only Young People's Societies. stating a fact when the European nations call the Many join the different Protestant churches Czechoslovaks "the Yankees of Europe." The newwhich, in a short time, have admitted thousands. est Czechoslovak literature is full of American in- In the west of Bohemia, in a country town, where fluence. One of the youngest Professors of there was a Presybterian church with about one Philosophy of the Prague University, the successthousand members, today the same church has or of President Masaryk, returned from a trip to twenty thousand members. In the same district America and spoke and wrote enthusiastically is a country town where all the population left the about American life. The people were never more Roman Catholic church and joined the Protes- ready to accept the greatest treasure which Amertants, leaving only the priest, his housekeeper and ica possesses-the spiritual Christian religion. As to the problem of minorities which has the janitor in the Catholic church. caused the present crisis in Czechoslovakia, there In the Protestant churches many are seeking are such racial, national and religious minorities the deepening of spiritual life. Dogmatic bat- in every country of Europe. The crux of the tles are at an end; but many feel that real god- problem is not how many individuals or what perliness ought to follow the movement. The pastors centage of the whole population is found in a cerfrom the lukewarm churches are sent to those re- tain group, but how they are treated; how much gions where there is the greatest spiritual work, liberty they possess. in order that they may be influenced by that movement and "bring it home." It is touching to see In Czechoslovakia with more than 15 million how eager the young Protestants are to know inhabitants, the minorities reach 33.8 per cent of what they ought to do to be real "Bohemian the total population. These minorities came to Brethren." Many a lukewarm church has become Czechoslovakia as colonists. The historical dea living force because of the new opportunity. The velopment and natural frontier of high mountains greatest movem-ent was in the southwest of Bo- did not permit to draw the frontier any other hemia, where there was formerly the greatest way. These minorities are scattered all over stronghold of the Roman Church; it is the birth- the country. The Germans have numbered 22 place of John Hus, John Zizka, and Peter per cent of the entire population; the Magyars Chelcicky, and other Czechoslovak Reformers. As (Hungarians) 4.7 per cent, the Ruthenes 3.7 per in the Reformation time, people in the street, in cent, the Jews 1.29 per cent and the Poles 0.56 the railroad cars, in the public places, often spoke per cent.

about religious topics during this movement. How are the minorities treated in Czechoslo- vakia? The Germans have had seventy represent- America and Czechoslovakia atives in the Chamber of Deputies, thirty-six in It is interesting to know what part America the Senate; the Magyars (Hungarians) have played in the development of Czechoslovakia. eleven deputies and seven senators; the Ruthenes There are several external ties between America have nine deputies and senators; the Poles have and Czechoslovakia: their proclamation of inde- two deputies and the Jews two. There is absolute pendence was signed in the same place at the same liberty with regard to the use of the minority desk as the Declaration of Independence of Ameri- languages in the press. With regard to schools, ca, in Philadelphia; the first lady of Czechoslo. they can educate their children in schools provakia was an American, the Anglo-Saxon vided by government money where the minority American wife of the first President, Professor language is used and where the teachers belong to Masaryk. The Czechoslovaks will never forget the the minority and textbooks are printed in the American soldiers in Europe who helped to liber- minority language. The Germans in Czechosloate the nation: the proclamation of the American vakia have had two universities, two technical conditions of peace; the distribution of the institutes and are equipped with all types of ele- American bread, which saved multitudes from mentary and secondary schools. All these schools starvation; the coming of the American dollar, have been supported by government money.

which saved Europe from bankruptcy. The Germany, Italy and Hungary offer no political Czechoslovaks know of these things, and are deep- representation for the minorities. Poland offers ly thankful. In Prague they have the Wilson only partial political representation and bilingual monument, Wilson Central Station, American type of schools. Czechoslovakia is a democratic Street, and Hoover Avenue. One of the American country where the minorities have equal rights correspondents just after the armistice found in with the majority.

Universality of Christ*

~I .:; ;I===B=y=E=.=S=T=A=N=L=E=Y=J=O=N=E=S,=D=.=D=.,=I=od=ia==~-LII ~- SOMETHING more is involved in Christian at liberty them that are bruised, those who have missions than the question of whether we hurt themselves with their moral and spiritual will or will not send missionaries across the falls. His was a message to the hurt spirits of seas. The Christian Church is beginning to recog- men, and then He came to proclaim the Lord's nize the fact that if we cannot share our Christian Year of Jubilee. Every fifty years there was a faith with every man everywhere, in the end we fresh national beginning; all debts cancelled, all will not be able to hold it. That which is not uni- slaves freed, all land redistributed, and the na- versal is not true, for Truth by its very nature is tion began with a new beginning.

universal. Two and two make four in India, Jesus closed the book of the Prophet, and said, China, America, and around the world. The mo- "Today this program begins. Today this Scripment you discover the Truth, it rises above na- ture hath been fulfilled in your ears." tional boundaries and belongs to us as a race. If, therefore, what we have cannot be shared with In beginning our missionary program we can all men, it is not universal, and if it is not univer- do no better than to announce what Jesus said sal it is not true. was His program and make it our own-a Gospel for the poor, for the hungry millions of the earth. If we cannot give Christ and His Gospel to God wills a new distribution of the goods which every man everywhere, in the end we shall stand He has provided for every man. The missionary beside dead altars, we shall pray dead prayers enterprise, if it stands for anything, stands for and we shall have a faith that has let us down in redistribution of that which God, our Father, has our own emergencies. Therefore, this whole ques- willed that every man should have. tion is significant beyond the immediate influence of the missionary cause, and we must face it and Second, we would proclaim release to the capface it with a new sense of realism. tives. There are still multitudes of people who are not liberated. There are those who are still We do not apologize for things as they are and socially and politically captive. The missionary that are of interest to missions. Rather, we want enterprise comes with a great passion for human to be prophets of things as they ought to be. freedom, believing in the worthwhileness of every Christian missions are not sacrosanct save as they man. It would proclaim belief in the worthwhilerepresent truth and reality. We do not ask that ness of every nation. men should blindly take what we say. We ask that they submit it to the test of experience, of There are undeveloped races, but no permalife, of reality. No matter what we say or unsay, nently inferior people. We would also come with the last word is with the facts. a message to those who are physically disenfran- chised-the opening of the eyes of the blind. The We search with you to find reality if we can. missionary enterprise should go out with a pas- Our platform should fit the world's needs. When sion for health, for healing, to lift the burdens of Jesus stood in a little synagogue in Nazareth two suffering which are weighing upon the hearts, and thousand years ago He announced a program are crippling the lives of men. which seemed then of little significance save to that little group. But the world today, humbly The message must come also to those who are searching after something it has not, turns again bruised-men and women who are injured or to ask whether this Man of Galilee has a definite handicapped by their own falls. The man with word for us at this period in the world's history. the wounded conscience, the man who cannot look the world and himself squarely in the face. We Jesus said: "The spirit of the Lord is upon me, come with the Gospel of another chance, a new for He has naught in me to preach good tidings to beginning, a conversion, a regeneration. the poor." His program included the proclaim- ing of release to the captives, socially and politi- Then the missionary program sets the whole cally disenfranchised; the opening of the eyes of thing in God's Year of Jubilee and proclaims a the blind, the physically disenfranchised; to set fresh beginning for a race in all departments of * Condensed from an address delivered at the United Foreign human life, a fresh awakening for a world, a new Missions Campaign, Chicago, in 1933. start.

[ 526] These are some of the principles that underly they did, they would go back to a semi-savage, the missionary movement, but upon the thresh- roaming across Europe. Are we coming to that? old of our coming to proclaim these words certain things rise up and questions which we must Many of us are proud that we have English face. Whenever you face a question, face it in its blood in our veins. The English have made amazmore acute forms-answer it there, and then you ing contributions to the collective life of our race. have answered it all down the line. We would And yet at the time of the Roman ascendancy, a like to put this fresh, living, new Kingdom under Roman said, "The stupidest and ugliest slaves on the world problems today, and under the world the market are those from Britain." Had you situation today, but we are met with objections looked at those stupid and ugly slaves you would which we must face. have said, "Impossible barbarians! Nothing can come out of them." But someone else looked at When we talk about being missionaries we are them and said, "Angles; Angles. If they could be accused of a desire to manage other people. Men Christianized they would be angels." We are not say, first of all, that it is bound up with the polit- angels, but we are quite different from the stupid ical imperialisms of the West. No matter how and ugly slaves. And the thing that was at the pure its motive, missionary work gets entangled bottom of our rise was the fact of the impact of and alloys within itself disturb and destroy its the Gospel of Jesus Christ upon us. effect upon human life. Every movement needs constant criticism, constant readjustment, per- Those who have Scotch blood are prouder still. petual realignment, and a bringing back to orig- The Scotch have made amazing contributions to inal purposes. We want to bring back this move- human life. Some of the noblest souls have come ment to original purposes, to disentangle it from from the Scotch, and yet the Scotch have been every entangling alliance that would cripple its called "eaters of human flesh," who had plenty spirit and hurt its motive. We want it to stand of flocks but whose herdsmen would prefer a clear in its own right-compelling, and doing steak from the female breast as a rarity! The what God would have men do through this move- Scotch of the fourth century! Had you looked at ment. them you would have said, "Impossible barbar- ians!" But some looked at them with the eyes of Not Political Imperialism Jesus Christ, and there began the upward rise of a nation that has contributed largely to the col- First of all, then, men say that the missionary lective life. Everywhere the missionary movemovement is a species of political imperialism, ment goes with a passionate belief in the developthat it is the religious side of that western expan- ment of men into likeness to God as He is resion, and partakes of the spirit of that expansion. vealed in Jesus Christ. There is some truth in what the critics say. Again and again the movement has been cor- We don't believe that there is any nation good rupted by its contact with pushing imperialisms enough or wise enough to hold 'permanently anand has been used by the imperialisms of the other people against that people's will. There is West. It was said that when the white man went in every nation a birthright of freedom, and the to Africa the white man had the Bible and the Christian missionary movement should stand, not African had the land; later on the African had as the sponsor of white prestige and white rule, the Bible and the white man had the land. There but should stand for the brotherhood of men, and is just enough truth in that to make it sting. Un- present a Christ who stands alongside of the libjust treaties have been forced upon China because erties of men and who expresses those liberties of China's treatment of missionaries. This move- in His Gospel and in His kingdom. ment has been fused in the purposes of imperialism. We acknowledge it with sorrow. But that Retain All That Is Good and True period of entanglement with the political imperialisms is at an end. Never again will treaties We believe that each nation has something to be forced upon China because of China's treat- contribute to the collective life of our race. We ment of missionaries. Christian missions are un- go, then, to the nations of the earth, not trying to doing what has been done, and the whole pressure wipe out their culture, their past. Much of that of Christian enterprise is to give men liberties culture will pass away with the impact of fuller and freedom. It is the passionate belief that lies knowledge. What is false in those religions will at the heart of the missionary enterprise that be dissolved in the face of truth, but nothing every man is of infinite worth. good, nothing true, nothing beautiful shall perish if men and women accept Jesus Christ, for He If any people in these United States say that said, "I came not to destroy, but to fulfill." He they do not believe in Christian missions, they would gather up unto Himself all the beautiful should be willing to go back to where they were things, the splendid touches, the genius of each before Christian missions touched them. And if nation, gather up into Himself-not destroying,

but perfecting all that is good and true and beau- A church that has a living unity has authority tiful. We can go to the nations of the earth with in a world that is looking for unity. If we can't a new sense of friendship, and at the same time get together as denominations, how can we de- believing that we have a message to them that mand that the world get together as nations? We Jesus Christ completes everything good in any believe that the missionary enterprise comes to nation anywhere. you with a new passionate belief in the unity of the Christian world, and we would build up a I believe the last vestige of connection of the great sense of Christian solidarity that would missionary enterprise with political imperialism hold together every fine thing that each denomiwas severed at the Jerusalem Conference. For the nation can contribute to the whole, but bound tofirst two or three days we analyzed until we were gether with a broad Christian brotherhood that paralyzed. We were suffering from what some- transcends all of this. There is no denomination body has called "paralysis of analysis." But at that had any corner on the saints. God seems to the end of those two weeks, as we sat at the feet work through denominations-sometimes, in of Jesus Christ and looked into His thoughts, we spite of them. If that hurts your denominational concluded that we had a message the world could pride it may help your Christian humility. We not do without and live. No missionary move- are deeply grateful for the denominations which ment has set its face toward the rights of all men, have nurtured us and given us spiritual birth, but and the liberties of all men. we step out and say: "It may be that the Chris- tian missionaries will force us at the home base But somebody says: While the missionary to come together because we believe that the movement may not be political imperialism, isn't world is searching for real unity." it denominational imperialism? Isn't it marked by the desire to build up vast denominations? Is not spiritual imperialism desire to manage There is some truth in that alliance. Christian other people's minds and souls in their supposed missions grew up at the time when denominations interests? There is a good deal of that in Chrisexpanded greatly in the West, and they have tian missions at home and abroad, because of the sometimes used this movement for the purposes type of teaching we give our young people. We tell of statistics. our young people that they must go out and be- come leaders. Get a dozen people together, all of Christ Greater Than Sects But today in the East, Christianity is begin- whom have been taught to be leaders, and you ning to recognize that there is something bigger have the stage set for confusion and strife, and than the question of being a Baptist or a Meth- for position, and power. Jesus (according to odist or a Presbyterian or anything else. There Moffet) said, "Be ye not called leaders." The is the question of being a Christian! What great attitude of the leader is, "I lead; you follow." It advantage is it 'to you whether you are a Meth- is a selfish attitude, therefore cannot be Christian. odist or Episcopal or anything else, in the light of Jesus said, "Be ye called servants." The attitude the question as to whether Jesus Christ or Karl of the servant is that he loses himself in a cause Marx shall hold the destiny of China? As we outside of himself. Jesus said, "I can Christianize have dropped down beneath the level of organ- that attitude." The world is tired of leaders. ization, down to the level of experience, we have Again and again they plunge us into war to satisdiscovered that the true Christian Church is the fy their ambitions. The world is sick of the desire most united body on earth, if we only knew it. to be leaders. It is perishing for servants! Per- Weare united in the deepest thing in life-name- ishing for men and women who lose themselves in the needs of humanity, forgetting themselves ly, in life itself. We share in Jesus Christ a life as the Master did. He said, "I am among you as that overleaps the barriers of race and class and one who serves. I came not to be ministered unto, congregation and denomination, and holds us to but to minister and to give myself a ransom for the deepest brotherhood that this world knows many." anything about-the brotherhood of a new life in Christ. The Supremacy of the Servant It is a strange anomoly that people who are Then what happens? That Servant of all be- most united at the center are sometimes most comes the greatest of all. He rises up with a new divided at the circumference. We, therefore, say kind of leadership, out of hurt and pain, out of to the Christian Church: "Brothers, we are one. the Cross. On Easter morning He rises to a new Let's act and love as if we were one. Do away leadership. The Servant of all becomes the Great- with all. duplications, and all competitions, all est of all. If, therefore, you are sending out self- overlappmg, and face this whole world Christian appointed leaders, we don't want them. But if program with the sense of the solidarity of the you can send out men and women who will lose Christian forces of the world." themselves in the great needs of the East, in Heav-

THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

en's name send them! The East is perishing for in prayer, that we, too, might have more of Christ servants. in our lives. The very act of giving to others is a There is another thing working against this conscious or unconscious prayer that His Life motive. We have discovered by actual fact that may be more operative in our own lives. But the we cannot succeed in being missionaries unless man who makes that objection doesn't say to we succeed in becoming marginal. No longer at science, for instance, "Science, you dare not pass the center, managing affairs, but on the margin, your science to the rest of the world until the sum stimulating, spiritualizing, culturers and helpers total of the findings of science are operative in of the situation; always trying to produce men America." The fact of the matter is that the find- and women who will stand upon their own feet ings of science are far beyond the application of and succeed only as we succeed in producing science to our collective life. The science of med- Christ-conscious, Spirit-directed, self-supporting icine is far beyond the application of medicine to churches in the East. our collective life, yet we do not hesitate to give We need the kind of mentality at the home base our science to the rest of the world. There is al- that is willing to contribute, even where they ways a gap between the findings of a thing and can't manage. We want the kind of spirit God the application of that thing. There is a gap be- guided, at the home base that feels that it is true tween Jesus Christ and our collective manifesta- success when we succeed in producing the kind of tion of Jesus Christ. We do not ask the nations churches in the East that stand as living, vital of the earth to become American; all we ask centers, courageous and self-supporting. In other them to do is to become Christian, and maybe in words, the price of your support should not be becoming Christian they will help us to become that you manage the whole thing. Give liberties more Christian. That is what we crave.

to men and women, give them liberties sufficient The question is, Has Jesus Christ a supply to enable God to help them develop their own which is universally redemptive? Will men be recharacteristics and their own life; then it may deemed if they will give Him a chance? We bebe that outt>f that liberty shall come back to us a lieve He has that abundant supply of life, and great contribution. I do not want merely to go to that in Jesus Christ, wherever groups and nathe East, I want the East to come to us. tions and individuals have exposed themselves to There are multitudes of men and women in the Him, there will come a redemptive power that East who have caught the passion and victory of will lift, change, redeem and make new.

Christ. These men and women can give the Gos- Not Ourselves But Christ pel to help us complete the uncompleted work and task of evangelism of America, so that there will We preach not ourselves but Jesus Christ, and be no more distinction between a "giving coun- then we are your servants for Jesus' sake. But try" and "receiving country," but we will all be somebody says it may not be spiritual impergiving and we will all be receiving. Out of that tinence. Mahatma Gandhi raises an objection. process will rise a fuller, finer type of Christian He says that there should be no change in reli- manhood, out of the twain shall he become a new gion. In an interview with some American newsman in Jesus Christ. paper men he said, "If the missionaries were to Another objection is that somebody says that it use their hospitals and schools for the purpose of may not be spiritual imperialism, but spiritual proselytizing, then when we attain self-govern- impertinence to go to people of other lands, when ment we would ask them to withdraw." His last our task at home is uncomplete. A man said, word modified his first and he said: "Under self- "You never export a thing unless you have a sur- government the missionary would not be allowed plus of that thing. Do you mean to say that you to proselytize if we feel it is done in the wrong have a surplus of Christianity in America, that way." But we have no desire to proselytize. Pros- you dare export it?" We have no surplus of elytizm, or a mere outward change of association, Christianity in America, but unless we try to is unchristian. Jesus said to the religious lead- bring others to Christ our own Christianity will ers of His day, "You compass sea and land and die upon our hands. If the individual centers up- gain a proselyte, and when you have gained him on himself to Christianize himself, he will be de- you are twofold more a child of Hell than him- Christianized in the process. self."

If a group or church should center upon itself On the other hand, Jesus definitely and specif- to Christianize. itself, it would perish in the proc- ically demanded conversion. He said, "Except a ess. If a nation should center upon itself to Chris- man be born again he cannot see the Kingdom of tianize itself, it would dry up in the process. God." There is a distinction between conversion Our very stretched-out hands across the seas and proselytizm. Proselytizm is the coming over are in the end a putting of those hands together from one sect or group or opinion to another

group or sect or OpInIOn without any necessary the very nature of the Gospel which I hold. Freechange in heart allegiance or character. It is a ly did I receive, freely must I give. There is a change of label, not of life. We repudiate pros- deep discipline in the Gospel, a disCipline of the elytizm but we insist upon conversion, for con- love of Christ; but primarily it is the gift of version involves a change in character-a deep, God. The Gospel is not so much a demand as it fundamental, all-embracing change in life. is an offer, an offer of new life to man by the grace of God. The moment this life takes hold of One business of the Christian Church is to pro- a man he comes under a discipline so severe that duce conversion, and when the Christian Church it is far deeper than self-discipline. can no longer show conversions it has lost its right to live and its power to propagate. When Gandhi has another objection. This time, he it can no longer make a good man out of a bad says: "If you speak about your religion, don't man, and a weak man into a strong man, and a speak about it in words. Use the most perfect man without God-consciousness into a man ra- method of evangelism-let it come out of the life, diant with God, it has lost its function in human as the perfume comes from the rose. As missionsociety. The whole structure of human life is aries and as Christian workers draw people by resting upon that subtle, intangible thing called your deeds. But do not speak about it." character. And when the character breaks, the confidence breaks, and when the confidence breaks Witness of Lips and Life the country breaks. If the Christian Church cannot so present Jesus Chris,t and His Gospel so as There is something valuable in this suggestion. to make men and women of Christlike character, The West has organized religion too much around if any religion does not make bad men good, it words. Our places of worship are called "audihas lost its right to exist. We have, therefore, no toriums." Our services are services of song, prayapologies for trying to produce conversion. We er, speech-words. Somebody asked a Chinese believe that wherever men and women and in- what he thought of the Christian religion. He dividuals and nations expose themselves recep- said, "It is a very talkative religion." There is tively to Jesus Christ, their conversion does take something in what he says. Gandhi snid, "Let us place to the degree that He is received. have a moratorium on words." There is some- thing in his objections-but not everything. "We want to do something deeper and more fundamental than proselytizing." Conversion is Jesus Christ did use the rose-perfume method. not only the conversion of an individual-that "He went about doing good." He did good beconversion is as far extended as human need. cause men needed it, and the resources of His Just as' there can be sin in the individual will, heart were big enough to meet that need. He went there can be sin in the collective will. Shall we about doing good, but He did more than that. He rescue the wounded in war or strike at the war interpreted words by acts. The words of His lips system, too? Shall we pick up the drunkards or and the deeds of His life were one. They caJrne tostrike at the liquor traffic, too? The Christian gether like the words and music of a song. His Gospel reapplied would mean a conversion, not deeds were words and His words were deeds, and merely of the individual, but of the sum total of they all came together and became the Living human life. Conversion-the Kingdom of God Word. coming-replacing the present world order, founded as it is on exploitations and on unbroth- We would say to Mahatma Gandhi, If we are erliness-we could replace by an order founded true to Christ we will invest this message with on good will, the Brotherhood of Man under the the sum total of our lives, and that includes our Fatherhood of God. This is the conversion for words. It is only when our words are rooted in which the Kingdom of God stands. facts that we dare speak them.

The Christian life is primarily not an attain- A man came to' me in India and said, "Why do ment, but an obtainment. The gift of God came to you go after people to baptize them?" I replied, me when I had nothing to offer except my bank- "I don't. They come to ask me to baptize them. I ruptcy. I came to Jesus Christ hurt, confused, put no label on a man that does not correspond to bankrupt. I offered Him what I had, and to my an inward fact." The man who has the reality utter amazement and astonishment He took me, has a right to outwardly proclaim it and to enjoy forgave me, cleansed me, loosed me from the old any group where it will be cultivated. The inbonds, set my soul singing its way down these ward without the outward is also hypocrisy. The years. By His grace was I made whole. life, speaking one thing, has a right to live it out.

I dare to speak of that because I simply am lay- But somebody offers one final objection: ing at His feet the tribute of my gratitude and "Aren't they getting along well enough without my life. I could not keep silence without denying Jesus Christ?"

I can not find anyone anywhere getting along well enough without Jesus Christ in East or West.

1938J THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

I cannot do it. In fellowship with Him I truly thirsty and ye gave me drink; I was sick and ye live. I go to the nations of the East because they are a part of the world, not because they are not visited me; in prison, and ye came to me." most degraded but because they are brother men. "Lord," they say, "when saw we ye hungry or A man said to me, "How do you talk to theos- thirsty? Sick or in prison? We never saw Thee 6phists?" I don't-I talk to people. And I don't this way." And the Master says "Inasmuch as go to speak to Hindus and Mohammedans-I go to speak to men with the same inward needs that ye have done it unto one of the least of these, ye I have. I do not go to the people of the East be- 'cause they are the worst of the world, I go to have done it unto Me." . them because they are men for whom Christ died. That, it seems to me, is the legitimate reason for Who is it that is hungry in the hunger of the going. There are degradations in the East just as there are degradations in the West. As I have world? The Christ hungers again. Who is it that sat in round-table conferences and heard noble is bound with the shackles of custom and sin and men tell what religion was meaning or not mean- evil? In them Christ is still bound? At the Cross ing to them, I have come to the conclusion that not only any man at his worst needs Christ, but He gathered all up into His own heart, until every man at his finest and best needs Him. Christ and the human soul were made for each other just as man's trouble became His trouble, and every the lungs were made for air, the eyes for light, the man's pain His pain, and every man's sin His heart for love, and the esthetic nature for beauty. Jesus Christ and the human soul were made for sin. He bore it in His own body upon the Tree. each other, and when we find Him we find not There, it seems to me, is the meaning of the unionly the Way of Life, but Life itself. I desperately wish everyone to have that life. verse. There is the meaning of Life. We live in proportion as we respond with deeper and deeper The Cross and the Motive sensitiveness. This is the test by which we can If I were to point out the deepest places where my missionary motive is found, I would point to judge. a Cross. For the Cross, to me, is the place where I see deepest into the universe. There the uni- How much life is there in our churches? That verse turns redemptive, forgiving all, bearing all, is the great question that comes home to us. healing all, and turning the whole of life into tri- Judge by this standard. Many churches are about umph. It is at the Cross where we see the heart the spiritual level of the vegetable. Dead beets, of the missionary passion, for there is the place of the heartbreak of God. There is where love, pure, if you will. No sensitiveness beyond themselves, holy love, comes into contact with words, sign and need. There we begin to see love reaching and proud of that fact. The missionary moveout as far as the human need, and taking all into ment, with all its faults (and it has many) is the God's own heart bearing all and forgiving all. reaching up of arms and saying, "We are trying Someone has defined "Life" as "sensitiveness." to be Christian; we are trying to be sensitive on It is a great definition. The lower down the scale of living you go the less sensitiveness you find. a world scale, and in trying to do so we are be- The stone is numb; there is no life. The plant ginning to try to catch something of the passion has some sensitiveness, therefore some life. The animal has more, therefore more life. When you that our Lord and Master held." I cannot see come to Man you find the sensitiveness ranging out beyond itself, beyond its group, its nation, and how we can keep that passion in our hearts and to God and the larger life reaches out to man. The more sensitiveness, the more life. The high- not reach out to the last man everywhere. est, greatest life that has been lived upon our planet, is Jesus Christ. There we find the su- The moment I rose the day I was converted I preme sensitiveness. On the last day He will say, felt an impulse in my heart that I had never "Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundations of known before. Five minutes before I had had no the world. I was hungered and ye fed me; I was such impulse. The impulse was that I wanted to share with everybody, and put my arms around the world arid share the Gospel with everybody. My missionary motive today is that; deepened, broadened, but still there. I do not see any place to stop witnessing this side of the last human being. This desire should be held in the heart as a great consuming power. The center of the whole thing is the heart. I believe that such a passion shows the heartbeat of Jesus Christ. In Him is enough power to heal the individual, the social, the eco- nomic, the political needs of the world. I know no other power.

Jesus Christ stands and says, "Come unto Me and enter My Kingdom." Are you willing to make inward surrender of your whole self to Him -your money, your brain, your hand, your life? If so you will follow Him and your life will never be the same. You will have new joy and freedom and power.

of the Churches in

By REV. AKIRA EBISAW A, Tokyo, Japan ExecutitJe Secretary of the National Christian Council of Japan T HE Christian churches of Japan have made It may sound strange for us to speak of such striking progress in the brief time since the a radical change. But every living organism is opening of missions here in 1859. From the destined to grow and is subject to vital changes. very early days these churches have been charac- We believe in the God of Creation, who works terized by a self-governing church polity, pro- even today. We cannot measure the creative moted under the leadership of missionary and work of God in terms of the status quo or hold Japanese leaders. the idea that there can be no development of new We realize, however, that the Christian Church features in the realm of the Church. We should in Japan is not yet fully established. It is only hope and expect that a newly emerging Christian partially represented by the communions trans- Church will develop new forms in a new environplanted to Japanese soil from the Western World. ment.

While the various denominational churches The organization, methodology, and functions represent very important branches of the Body of of the churches in the field must be defined in the Christ, with their historic characteristics, yet light of their environment, they should be rethese divisions often seem meaningless and are a organized so as to accord with the national trastumbling block to the Oriental mind. Japanese dition and be adapted to their indigenous cultural do not understand why the Christian churches are heritage. thus divided. Many things need to be re-examined. For in- Very serious problems are confronting the stance in Japan, the custom of religious congrechurches in the Japan field at present. The en- gational public worship never existed until the vironment of these churches, influenced by the Christian church service was introduced. Our cultural heritage of the nation, is necessarily in- forefathers were accustomed to individual worfluencing their inner life. ship ·and to occasional festivals. Thus the Roman Catholic form of worship seems better adapted to The age-long struggle of the Western churches our people than the Protestant congregational of Europe against the Greco-Roman materialistic services. Moreover, offerings in connection with humanism is being repeated to some extent even public worship have been alien to our people. in Japan. Bushido emphasized the virtue of righteousness Generally speaking, churches in the Orient are and sacrifice and disdained utilitarianism. It placed in an environment characterized by vari- looked with contempt upon the motive of personal ous forms of culture and by the presence of the profit and gain. Little wonder that even in this other great ethnic religions. This brings new fea- highly economic-minded age there are people who tures into the struggle which the Oriental young- think that it is not pious nor Christian to speak er churches are experiencing. This presents a of monetary matters during a religious service or new problem to the churches in this field and right even to take the purse to the house of wor- gives hope and promise that the outcome will be ship.

the enrichment of their inner life. Although gradually the Western industrial These considerations suggest that some intrin- order is affecting and destroying the old social sic value must be developed on the part of these system and is replacing it with an individualistic churches that will adapt them to the cultural mode of life, the family system still has a strong heritage and social environment in their native hold on the life of the Japanese. This makes it fields, without losing anything of their Christian customary for only the head of the family to en- character. joy economic independence, the other members It must be admitted that we should re-examine all being dependent. As a result the system of and re-evaluate our church organization, its meth- offerings by individual members of a church is ods of activity and its relationships, in the light almost meaningless.

of the national cultural tradition and the chang- Creative imagination on the part of Western ing environment. people, inspired by religious insight, has erected [532 ] such wonderful structures as St. Paul's Cathedral lives. This often makes the distinction between and Notre Dame. But why should Christian Christians and non-Christians obscure and insigchurch architecture throughout the world con- nificant. form to Gothic forms or wholly Western style? The New Testament conception of the church The lack of a strong devotional motive makes does not indicate such patterns. It rather sug- many feel that it is a burden to bear the respongests that the Church universal is composed of sibility of rendering service and giving in supsmall units, meeting in the homes of the believers. port of the Church. Another excuse, which has some truth in it, is that the Church at present is The Church universal, as an ideal spiritual so- dealing with things that are too trifling as comciety, must be made clear to the mind of con- pared with the momentous matters which are agitemporary Christians, especially of the younger tating humanity. This does not appeal to the imchurches. This is well defined by Dr. Wm. A. agination nor sound the depths of life for minds Brown, as follows: that are alert.

It must never be suffered to obscure the fact that the In view of these unhealthy tendencies, we are Church of Christ exists today as definite body in the per- endeavoring to promote an interest on the part sons of the men and women who have been touched by of church members in the training of the laity for His spirit, and who live for the ends which He approves. voluntary evangelism and in Christian steward- This spiritual society, creating institutions, but not it- ship as features of our Nation-Wide Union Evanself perfectly comprehended or expressed by any, is the gelistic Campaign. true Church of Christ. (Brown: "Christian Theology in Outline," Ch. V. p. 59.) Self-Support and Self-Government The members of the Re-Thinking Missions Self-support and self-government on the part Commission define the Church in a way which of the churches have usually been taken as synwill help to clarify the conception of the Chris- onymous among Christian people throughout the tians in the field regarding it. world. A clear distinction should be made be- tween them. A Christian's property belongs to The Church is to be thought of as a spiritual fellow- God and God's money may be used anywhere for ship and communion of those who have found a new His Kingdom without reference to racial or naspring of life and power by the impact of the Christian tional differences. message, who are eager to join together as a living, growing body of believers through whom the ideals and the A policy of self-government is imperative for spirit of Christ can be transmitted and His principles of the churches in the field if we wish them to devellife promoted, then that type of Church will always have op as the Church of Christ. But the problem of a function in the work of building the Kingdom of God self-support must be considered in the light of the whether on the mission field or at home. ("Re-Thinking activities and functions of the church. Some Missions," Ch. V. p. 109.) churches tend to overemphasize self-support, with the result that the local churches crystallize Owing to the lack of proper training in such a into small-sized organizations, with no possibility fundamental conception of the Church, the young- of an expanding life and influence necessary for er churches are facing a grave danger at present. self-propagation. It is a pity to see dwarfed or That danger is the general trend among the crippled local churches losing their activities Christians of growing indifference toward the and ceasing to appeal to the general public. organized churches. Forced self-support does not prove to be self- Among the causes that have contributed to this support at all. It often means that the pastor is tendency, we mention a few for which we should obliged to support himself by some form of side feel responsibility. The Japanese have a feeling work. It is a mistake to demand self-support of distaste for the too highly institutionalized without considering the real strength of the local church life which tends to give the impression church as related to its environment. The church, that it is too conventional and has an artificiality in the New Testament meaning, should be organwhich bears a secular flavor. ized in every small town and village and even in the homes of the believers. This tendency may also be due to the fact that the churches are losing their strong leaders in Owing to an overemphasis on self-support on the ministry. This may seem partly inevitable in the one hand, and to a lack of the conception of these days because of the greatly changed social Christian stewardship-the training for which is environment as compared with the pioneer days quite new among the younger churches-on the when the missionary and indigenous leaders were other, many local churches are suffering greatly conspicuous figures. It must be admitted that because of the economic problem. The result is consciously or unconsciously contemporary Chris- that churches tend to be governed by the motive tians are influenced by the secular, materialistic, of group egoism while the individual church individual thought, and are losing the idealistic, self-forgetting, sacrificial motive in their daily

members themselves are likewise influenced by activities necessary to meet the needs of the compersonal egoism. munity at large and can fulfill their responsibility as witnessing churches. We must continually re- Many economic problems are at present con- mind Christians of the fundamental unified charfronting the younger churches. In Oriental acter of the churches of the different communions homes, where the traditional family system pre- in accordance with the conception of the Church vails, the father, as the wage earner, usually defined by Dr. William Adams Brown. holds the purse and other members of the family get money from him. Yet the Protestant As the religious society which finds its bond of union Churches, in spite of this traditional Japanese in Jesus of Nazareth, the Church is one. . . . Beneath custom are supported on the basis of individual the outward divisions and misunderstandings which sepcontributions, in accordance with the custom in arate different bodies of Christians there is a common Western lands. religious experience which is shared by all whose lives are lived under the influence of the Master, and which Another problem perplexing city churches is unites in sympathy, labor, and prayer, good men in every the fact that, owing to changes in the environ- branch of the Church. It is ,this common religious life, ment, members are moving to the suburbs and it uniting in spiritual fellowship men of different ecclesiasis becoming increasingly difficult to bring the tical names and of none, which is the real foundation of family to the mother church every Sunday be- the unity of the Church. (Brown: "Christian Theology cause of the transportation costs and other ex- in Outline," p. 59.) penses. Notwithstanding these difficulties, it is an encouraging fact that the annual giving of the There is also the problem of church union. churches in Japan in recent years. amounts to "Divided churches cannot conquer the unified about 2,500,000 yen, or 12.50 yen per capita. This world." The way to win the world is to consoliis a good ratio when compared with the reported date the Church's divided forces, under the leadgiving of New York church members last year. ership and power of the Spirit of God.

Another problem is the question as to what con- In Japan we have been carrying forward a stitutes real cooperation between older and study regarding a basis for union ever since 1925. younger churches? Of course cooperation, through We have been swung back and forth over the fellowship or in conferences, does not begin problem of a creed. Our people now seem to realwhere financial support from the church at the ize that to begin by planning for organic union home base is cut off. Real f!'lllowship and cooper- will get us nowhere. There must first be spiritation can be established without regard to finan- ual unity in Christ. We are now inclined to start cial relations. Younger churches can not be said with a federated union as has been the case with to cooperate satisfactorily with the older churches the Church of Christ in China. Dr. Stanley Jones at the home base as long as they exist on a poor has suggested a similar procedure. economic level and with a crippled independence. Real cooperation should begin when the younger We see a possibility for the realization of churches on th~ field are able to maintain the Christian union if we proceed along this line for the coming ten-year period by uniting in work which has no direct concern with a creed.

GOD CHOOSES BUSY MEN FOR HIS WORK When God has work to be done we notice that He almost always goes to those who are al- ready at work. Both his,tory and the Bible attest this truth.

Moses was tending his flocks at Horeb when God called him to deliver the people of Is- rael from bondage in Egypt.

Gideon was threshing wheat by the wine press when God called him to deliver Israel from the Midianites.

David was caring for his father's sheep w hen he was called to succeed Saul as king.

Elisha was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen when he was called to succeed Elijah as prophet of God in Israel. .

Nehemiah was bearing the king's cup when he was called to go to rebuild Jerusalem.

Amos was attending the flock when he was summoned to be a prophet of God.

Peter and Andrew were casting a net into the sea when Christ called them to become fishers of men.

Matthew was collecting customs when he was called to be a disciple.

Saul was persecuting the church when he was commissioned to be a missionary of Christ.

William Carey was mending shoes when he heard the call to be a foreign missionary.

for the Church in India*

By B. L. RALLIA RAM, ESQ.

Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, Lahore CHRISTIAN influence has streamed into In- the word "church" in this article refers to the dia in four different channels: sum-total of all the "churches," for, with all the First: According to the traditions of divergent doctrines, traditions and practices, they the Syrian Church Christianity was originally do owe allegiance to one Lord and Master and preached in India, by the Apostle St. Thomas, in unitedly proclaim His name. In spite of the ex- the states of Travancore and Cochin, early in the istence of many "churches," there is yet an entity, Christian Era. The Church thus established, how- intangible though it may seem, which may be ever, was not alive to its missionary obligations. called "The Church of Christ in India."

It was handicapped by the political situation and The "Christian Community" consists of mem- by lack of communications so that its influence bers of the Christian churches and those who was confined to a small section of the country. nominally belong to the Christian community, Considerably weakened by divisions and internal having been born in homes known as Christian. disputes, in some respects it followed too closely According to the present political constitution of some of the painfully dark episodes in the history India, "The Christian Community" is a separate of the Church elsewhere. political entity with rights of special representa- tion in the national and provincial legislatures Second: In the Sixteenth Century the Portu- through voting constituencies of its own. This gese Roman Catholics inaugurated an era of rapid implies that in many places it is also a separate Christianization of India. Under their influence social entity. the work of St. Francis Xavier and the Jesuites in South India met with an apparent success. The This system leads to unfortunate results. It is, means used to convert people were not, however, however, gratifying to note that there are many always fair and honest. The Church in India un- Christian leaders who regret this political isolatil recently was preponderatingly Roman Cath- tion imposed by the award of the government. olic, but the Protestant influence has been There is an increasing number of Indian Chrissteadily increasing. and the Protestant Christians tians who are working shoulder to shoulder with now are numerically more than the Roman Cath- their countrymen for general social, political and olics. moral improvement. Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, the talented daughter of the late Sir Raja Harnam Third: Early in the Eighteenth Century a Prot- Singh (a notable Christian convert from the famestant mission arrived in the South of India un- ily of a ruling chief), is the acknowledged leader der the inspiration of the King of Denmark, with of the Women's Movement in India. Two of the the financial help of an Anglican society. Its per- trusted lieutenants of Mahatma Gandhi, in charge sonnel was German. The large Lutheran Church of two of his important social and economic deof South India, the United Church of South India, partments, are Indian Christians. From this it the Anglican Church with its several dioceses will be seen that in common usage the term "Inare the direct result of this pioneering mission. dian Church" is sometimes applied to the com- munity known to the political and social life as Fourth: A century later groups of Protestant "The Indian Christians." missionaries were sent at short intervals by the English Baptists, the Church Missionary Society, Here we are mainly concerned with the organand the London Missionary Society. They were ized Christian Churches, though the second consoon reinforced by Americans and others. Thus ception associated with the term "Indian Church" there are now several Evangelical Christian cannot altogether be avoided. churches deeply rooted in the soil of India.

Technically there is no one Christian CHURCH Characteristics of the Church in India in India, but a large number of "churches." But It is impossible to deal here adequately with the • Mr. Basil Mathew gives a significant title to one of his recent CsauhbfuJe'rewccht .aosfpeCchtsrisotf in India. We can refer only to books "The Church Takes Root in India." This happy phrase aptly a very large and complicated describes the present position of the Christian Church in India.

B. L. R. A.

[ 5351

Except for the church in Malabar, the Church agating Churches." It is essential, therefore, that of Christ in India owes its existence to the labors the help from abroad should be so used as to of missionaries sent out by the churches of the achieve this ideal as speedily as possible. It is West. These "sending churches" have been main- universally recognized now that the ultimate suc- ly responsible for the nourishment and the devel- cess in Christianizing India must depend upon the opment of the Church in India. Each church is efforts of the indigenous Church itself. It alone dependant still upon their "mother" church for can be a truly effective witness to the Indians of help. Missionaries play an important role in the the saving power of Christ. Its life of witness life of the Church. Financial help is given to will win India for Christ. The most important maintain its indigenous ministry and its institu- aspect, therefore, of the development of the tions and forms of service. The different churches Church is its response to the challenge to evan- are in various stages of development. gelism.

In main there are two kinds of church organ- The Church and Evangelism izations: Some churches have already become When the missions were first started it was autonomous, though not fully self-supporting. In considered necessary to employ paid Indian evan- the South, a strong "South India United Church" gelists, and to keep them under their own control. includes the Presbyterian and Congregational. This system may have been necessary in the ear- Corresponding to it there is a similar "United lier stages, but its continued and prolonged ex- Church of North India." The Church of India, Burma and Ceylon, which is in fellowship with istence is likely to mitigate against the fulfilment of the legitimate work of the Church itself. the World-wide Anglican Communion, has attained its independence by an Act of the British In some places, the mission is separately organ- , Parliament. These and several other churches are ized as an evangelistic agency, with its own Inautonomous; they are in full communion with dian workers, while the Church is left with the the corresponding churches of the West and are pastoral work. While missionaries can exert receiving help from them. their influence (and sometimes unduly large in- fluence) in the matters left to the Church, the Other churches are exemplified by the Meth- mission policy remains the sole concern of the odist Episcopal Church and the United Presby- mission. This often creates a strain, acting adterian Church. They still form a part of the versely on the spiritual life of the Church, and American churches and their highest court is out- consequently weakens the sense of evangelistic side India. These churches are being given an responsibility. But there is an increasing realizaincreased measure of responsibility, without the tion of this danger and the systems are being final authority. We do not seek to evaluate the overhauled and adjusted so as to throw the rerelative merits of these two systems. sponsibility of evangelization upon all the lay membership of the Church, where it rightfully Christianity in India reflects the character of belongs. the churches of the West, to which the churches in India owe an everlasting debt, not only for their existence, but also for support and guidance. Next in importance to evangelization, is the This dependence of the Church in India on the responsibility of the Church for its own life and Western churches has also been responsible for the administration of its own institutions as a many difficult problems. In some ways it has "self-propagating and self-governing" Church. handicapped the Church, and it has retarded The responsibility for administration is somehealthy growth. This was inevitable. On the one times related to the financial support it can prohand the Church in India could not have reached vide for the maintenance of the enterprise, and it its present stage without help; on the other hand is mistakenly contended that self-government and it has grown under the shadow of a large tree self-support are inter-dependent. Such a mechanwith an apparent loss of spontaneity. This has ical system tends to make the Church dependent upon material resources rather than upon spiritstunted its stature. The danger has lain and still lies in the way ual realities.

this help is given. Very often an undue stress is A recent conference held on "Self-Support" at laid on the financial relationship between the Nagpur, under the auspices of the National Chris- Churches of India and the Western Churches. tian Council, provides a Iseful study for those While this relationship is of great importance, in who are interested in this problem.

the last analysis it is not the vital factor. There The Churches of Christ in the world must al- has been considerable progress in "self-support" ways be interdependant and, therefore, depend- of the Churches of India. ence of the Church in India upon other Churches, From the early stages of their work, missions in itself is not wrong provided care is taken that have set before themselves the goal of creating this dependence does not inflict a moral injury "self-governing, self-supporting, and self-prop- and stunt the growth of a healthy normal plant.

OUTLOOK FOR THE CHURCH IN INDIA

There are some dangers to which the Church India. Recently surveys have been made into the of India is exposed at the present time: economic conditions of the Christian community in several parts of the country. Some of these There is a danger that the Church may in fu- surveys have been undertaken at the initiative of ture be entirely in the hands of an hierachy of the National Missionary Society. A study of these the clergy and other paid workers. While it is is most instructive. Dr. E. D. Lucas and Mr. the privilege of the ministry of the Church to Frank Thakur Dass made an economic enquiry teach, to guide and to serve, the spiritual driving into the conditions of the community in Pasrur power must come through spirit-filled laity; un- Tehsil in the Punjab and discovered that the avertil the lay element are given their due share in age income of a Christian family of five is about the government of the Church, and in the forma- $40 a year, or $3.50 a month. It is the glory of tion of its ideals, the Church can never achieve its the Christian Church that it has brought the mesobject. sage of release from the bondage to these poor people. That the Church in India is poor is not Business and professional men are not exerting a reproach, but is a matter for thankfulness. the degree of influence in affairs of the Church to Problems arising out of this fact, however, must which they are entitled. This needs to be cor- be courageously faced. Is economic poverty in acrected. cordance with the mind of Christ? Is not this problem of the extreme poverty of Christian vil- It is possible that the help of men and women lage communities a challenge to the Church? from abroad may be used in such a way as to hamper rather than help the emergence of a truly The Church in India Is a Growing Church independent Church. It is a significant fact that there have been no heresies developed in the India is one of those countries where populachurches of India. This probably means that tion is increasing rapidly. This creates a national there has been no independent thinking in the problem. Every community, in a natural way, is Church itself. The Church has produced many increasing. In 10 years (1921-1931) the poppersons who by their ability and spiritual leader- ulation of India increased by 14 per cent, but ship have taken their places in the front rank; but the Christian community and the membership of there is an urgent call for more leaders who are the Christian Church is increasing much faster. able to think and act independently in accordance During the decade 1921-31, the increase of the with the highest principles. The best way that Indian Christian community, according to the help from abroad can be given is to train and re- natural process, should have been 157,355, but it lease Christian personalities who will take the actually was 1,542,684. This has been true in responsibility of guiding the Church in India. every census report.

The life and work of men 'like the Bishop of Since 1931 reports from the churches reveal the Dornakal and the late Mr. K. T. Paul have done fact that a large number of people are continuing more to establish the Christian Church in India to turn to Christ through mass movements. These than the work of many a foreign worker. movements, well described by Bishop Pickett, are no longer from the lowest strata of society only, New Challenge but in certain sections, particularly in the diocese of Dornakal and the Nizam's Dominion, groups The Church in India may become exclusively from the highest castes of Hinduism are also ennational and conservative. The Church in the tering in the Christian Church. This welcome en- West is being confronted with a new challenge by largement of the Church in India must bring new the problems of the modern world. It is being challenges and many new problems. forced to rethink and relive, and to rededicate. The Church in India is, to a considerable extent, Conversion to Christianity in this way of large outside the currents of new thoughts. Its con- groups is fraught with many dangers and if the tact with <Ecumenical movements of the present Church in India does not have the resources to age is meager. If it is to fulfill its destiny, and if give adequate teaching and to provide essential it is to discharge its God-given responsibility, its opportunities for the nourishment and developgrowth must be harmonious and not lopsided. In ment of their Christian life, the Indian Church true and unwaning fidelity to Christ and His may well sink into lower depths. It might easily teaching it must assimilate all that is best and become another religious system. Thus while the challenging in its great heritage of the history of mass movements are providing great encouragethe Church throughout the ages, the spiritual ment they are potentially also the source of great heritage of India, and also the stirring of the danger. spirit in modern times. At the present time the Christian community in The Church of India is poor in comparison with India is only one per cent of the total population. the churches of other countries. It is poor in There is still a vast field to be evangelized by the comparison with other religious communities in

Christian enterprise, but its greatest opportunity greatest opportunity it will be a tragedy. On the does not come from that side alone. As a result of other hand if the Church is faithful to its message the recent world forces a new nation has been and can serve its country with the spirit and zeal born in India pulsating with life and anxiously of the Master, then India will make a contribudesirous to make its contribution to world civil- tion to the world whose importance cannot be exization and world culture. India is beginning to aggerated. There are tremendous possibilities for think in world terms and looks upon itself in the the future. setting of a new world. In India the Christian Church is face to face with three or four virile, The World Conference at Tambaram (Madras) aggressive religious systems with their conflict- comes at one of the critical periods of the history ing doctrines of life and action. Will the future of mankind. It is to be hoped that this ingatherof India be guided and moulded by these philos- ing of the leaders of the Christian enterprise from ophies or will the life-giving principles of Christ all the world will release a new Spiritual force give to her a new way of life and action? The which will not only give to the Church in India answer to this question must depend upon the a new vision and new power but we pray that its work and witness of the Churches in India. If clarion call for advance in the name of Christ the Church fails its motherland in the hour of her will penetrate effectively the harassed countries of the Western as well as the Eastern world.

A Saintly Surgeon of India The Story of Sir William Wanless of Mira; By MARGARET McKELLAR, M.D., LL.D.

Toronto, Ontario Missionary to India under the United Church of Canada SOMEONE has said: "If the Taj Mahal is a times Dr. Wanless was decorated by the British dream in marble the Wanless Hospital is a Government, in 1913 receiving the silver Kaiser- dream in the art of healing." Affection for i-hind medal, in 1920 the gold medal and in 1928 a royal spouse was the incentive for the one; love the late King George V conferred upon him the for the Lord Jesus Christ and suffering humanity rank and title of Knight Bachelor of the British was the incentive of the other. Empire, (K.B.E.). These honors were conferred for his distinguished services and humanitarian Multitudes of people traveled thousands of work for the people of India. miles to reach this Mecca of healing. They came not only from India, but from Iran, Iraq, and I landed in India shortly after Dr. Wanless first other countries. arrived. After forty years of medical service, we both left our respective stations within a few Wanless was a household word in many parts months of each other. We worked together in the of India. It is said that more Indian people knew All-India Christian Medical Association, of which the name of the Saintly Surgeon of Miraj than he was the organizer and secretary, then presknew even the name of the Viceroy. If a fellow ident for seventeen years. One day I found mytraveler said that he was going to Miraj you could self in his home, with the late Dr. Arthur Neve of assume that he was going to "Wanless" for the Kashmir and Dame Edith Brown of Ludhiananames were synonymous. both famous surgeons. They were discussing with Sir William the respective merits of certain opera- Sir William James Wanless is a name destined tions, e.g., Colonel Smith's cataract extraction for to live among the names of the world's great sur- which Sir William himself had designed an ingeons, not only in India, where he worked out his strument for extracting .the lens. Today this is on earthly life's purpose with a heavenly meaning, the market as the "Wanless extractor." It was but in the Hall of Fame, established by the Uni- apparent that Sir William had a thorough familversity of New York. He received his medical iarity with the technique of the different varieties degree from that University in 1889, shortly be- of operations. Other members of the medical profore he went to India. In 1916 he became a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Three

A SAINTLY SURGEON OF INDIA

fession, British medical service men and mission- Although Dr. Wanless and I were stationed aries, all had confidence in his wisdom and skill. some six hundred miles apart, I took many Euro- pean patients to Miraj for operations. These In response to my question as to how he kept were 100 per cent successful. his surgical instruments from rusting, Sir William answered: "I use them"; and he did to At Miraj operations were the order of the day, splendid purpose. For his skill in surgery he was usually from noon until hours after lamplight, called the "Wizard of India." Even non-Christians when all the cases were finished, with no break except for afternoon tea, served in the operating STAFF AND STUDENTS OF THE MEDWAL SCHOOL, MIRAJ room annex. Foreign staft, seated. Left to Right: Dr. Vail, Dr. Inglis Frost, In the operating theater, Sir William was Rev. R. C. Richardson, Dr. W. J. Wanless. scrupulously observant of antiseptic precautions and would brook no carelessness on the part of recognized his Christlike example and called him his medical assistants or of visiting doctors. I "The Saintly Surgeon." saw him ruffled only twice. Once when defective forceps were flung on the floor and the other time One Indian patient, on being asked why he had when a visiting doctor placed on the tray of sterpassed by Bombay where there are many good ilized instruments an instrument that had been in hospitals and physicians, replied: "Because I was touch with an infected area. told that Dr. Wanless prays before he operates." There is no cemetery for surgical patients at- Once I saw a grateful patient, a mother, whose tached to Miraj Hospital! life he had saved when there was "no hope" for her, kiss him much to his surprise. Often Hindus Like D. L. Moody, our beloved Saintly Surgeon endeavored to kneel and kiss his feet. was a general. He was quick to grasp the situa- tion. He was a man of few words-many deeds. Sir William was not a surgeon who specialized on one organ-the whole body was his field of After one critical operation, an aggrieved nurse operation. He was equally successful in cataract asked him, "Why did you shout at me when you extractions, and in abdominal surgery, hence wanted that instrument? I feel very badly about there flocked to his hospital patients from far i.t. " and near; princes and paupers, high and low caste-for he did not discriminate; their need of "Did I shout?" he gently replied, "I am very his skill was their passport. The low-castes and sorry. All I thought about was to save that womuntouchables received the same care as did Ma- an's life!" hatma Gandhi or the rajahs. One of the 400 missionaries, who had been his Even children recognized and trusted his skill. patients, said to me: "I had to take my turn on Two mission-school children were overheard in a heated quarrel. When one could not have things CLINIC BUILDING AT THE MIRAJ HOSPITAL as she wanted, she said: "I'll cut your head off!" To this the other answered, "I don't care if you the operating table but with the greatest assurdo; I'll go to Dr. Wanless and he will put it on ance, knowing that I had for my surgeon one of again !" international fame. Night after night, as I lay in the cottage which had been built as a memorial People had such confidence in him that they to Mary Wanless, I would hear the brisk step of came without fear of the surgical knife. A poor the doctor and could see the flicker of light from village man, who could not understand that his his small lantern cross my window and my door. was an inoperable case, came to the doctor's bun- It was eleven o'clock, and he was returning home .galow and with tears streaming down his face said, "Doctor-saheb says he won't operate on me. Please, memsaheb, tell the doctor to do operation on me."

after making his bedtime rounds at the hospital. When the message reached me, the one day There had been many patients to see, just fresh train had already left for Miraj and there would that day from the operating table. He had done be no other for hours. Miraj was 30 miles distant his best and we knew that he prayed for them, and the road, in those days, was atrocious. The commending them to the One who slumbers not only missionary car in town was an old decrepit nor sleeps. They were committed to the keeping affair and could not be depended on to make the of the Great Physician. journey. I went in search of another car that I thought might be borrowed from the State. I Sir William won the warm friendship of His went first to get the antitoxin and then drove on Highness Shahu Maharajah of Kolhapur, who to the large State bungalow used by His Highness was ever ready to further the Miraj medical work as an office. by his generous gifts of land and money. Dr. Mary Stewart Marshall tells the following story A sepoy patrol with his gun paced in front of the State bungalow. He saluted and stepped up to SHRISHAHU CHHATROPATI MAHARAJA OF KOLHAPUR the car to ask my errand. I explained that Dr. Wanless was critically ill and that a request had of Royalty voluntarily running errands for a mis- come for medicine. I would like to ask His Highsionary. During the "cold season" of 1916-17 ness to send it as soon as possible by a State car. word reached Kolhapur of the serious illness of The guard left me and went to tell the Maharajah. Dr. Wanless. None of us could remember his ever In a few minutes he returned with His Highness, before having been more than slightly incapaci- bareheaded and barefooted, wearing the thin tated. His only American colleague was a young white cotton clothing that comprised his usual medical man who had come out as a short-term costume. With the genial smile that characterized assistant. Naturally, he felt keenly the serious- him, he asked what he might do for me. As I reness of the situation and the heavy responsibility peated the explanation his Highness listened, and resting on his shoulders. A critical throat condi- at once exclaimed: "Dr. Wanless ill? I shall go tion had developed and the younger doctor sent a myself!" With that I gladly handed over the messenger by train to Kolhapur asking me to packet of antitoxin. send at once two tubes of diphtheria antitoxin from the Mary Wanless Hospital, given by the It was office hours for the Maharajah, and the Maharajah because of services rendered by Sir grounds surrounding his office building were William. swarming with State officers and their peons (clerks) wearing the scarlet badge of office. Many no doubt had State business to transact with His Highness. Office hours came to a sudden close that day, and many disappointed politicians no doubt returned home to ponder on the strange ways of their Maharajah. He himself wore many coveted decorations conferred by the British Gov- ernment, including the Grand Commander of the Indian Empire and the Grand Commander of the Star of India, but he was never more kingly than when, with utmost spontaneity, he volunteered to go as messenger for his missionary friend and physician.

Dr. Wanless, after he had recovered, told with a smile of the Maharajah's arrival. He would en- trust the packet to no servant or medical attend- ant, but walked into the sick room with it. The patient was more than a little surprised to see his royal visitor and to hear him say, "Doctor, I my- self have brought you the medicine."

The Maharajah frequently came to witness operations. On one occasion a new nurse, who had not met him before, was on duty and in her vigilence refused him admission, unless (for anti-. septic reasons), he would don a surgical cap and gown. He meekly submitted, but as he was a man six feet tall and weighing 350 pounds, the gown covered a very small area, and the cap looked like

an inverted cup on his large head! The Mahara- In a letter to the Presbyterian Board of Forjah was known as very kind-hearted and as the eign Missions, written during his early years of patient, who was a low-caste man, was being service, Dr. Wanless bemoaned the fact that he wheeled from the room, he pulled from his pocket had closed the year with a $15.00 deficit. He a ten-rupee note and told the attendant to give it added: "Although you have announced a 50 per to the patient. The next patient for operation was cent cut for next year I will try not to let this hapa white man, and when he in turn was being pen again and am praying that friends in this wheeled from the room, the Maharajah asked, "Is country may rise up to help and not let the work he a poor man too?" "Yes," said the doctor with suffer." The prayers were answered! The hosa laugh, "He is just a missionary." pital soon became self-supporting and later al- though it was a Christian mission hospital, it The Maharaja of Kolhapur acknowledged again was supported entirely by Indian money and and again, in public addresses and State papers, three-fourths of its buildings were given by his indebtedness to the mission for benefits con- wealthy non-Christian Indians as memorial buildferred upon his State. The following quotation ings. Such a large gift is unique in mission an- (translated) from a Kolhapur State Public No- nals. tice, issued September, 1919, will illustrate: It is difficult to give an adequate idea of the Be informed that, at all public buildings, charity rest scope of what Sir William accomplished. His was houses, state houses, public government inns, etc., and an heroic adventure, but the end of his endeavor river watering places, public wells, etc., no defilement on justifies his faith in his own conception of what account of any human being is to be taken account of. could be done. He never forgot that he was first Just as in Christian public buildings and public wells, and last and at all times a missionary of Christ. and as Doctor Wanless, in the American Mission, treats He was dedicated soul and body to serve the peoall with the same love, so also here, they are to be treated ple of India and never allowed anything to conas not esteeming any unclean. flict with that career. He believed the work of healing to be a demonstration of the Gospel of Thus he endeavored to raise the status of the Christ's love. He did not talk of the institutions Untouchables of his State. which he had built, but he told of the communities of Christians in the towns where there had been William J. Wanless was born on the edge of a no Christians when he arrived in India. These forest in Ontario, Canada. Twenty-four years lat- towns were medical outstations where work was er this hardy young son of Scotch pioneers was started by graduates of his school, trained in the paving the way for medical missions in the prim- art of healing both soul and body. These dispenitive native Indian state of Miraj. Contrast the saries, in the districts eighteen to sixty miles dishumble beginnings in his medical work-a shack tant, developed into hospitals and churches with used as a dispensary and an operating table of growing Christian communities. Sir William rough boards made by the doctor himself-with often spoke of the joy in serving communion in the present! On his retirement his great heart one of these on the last Sabbath before his retireand skillful hands left the largest medical plant ment. of all missions in India. It consisted of four great institutions-a hospital with six branch hospitals, In an address, delivered at one of the many a medical school, a leper asylum, and a tubercu- farewells, in his honor, a non-Christian said: losis sanitarium. One and a half million patients had passed through the doors of hospital and dis- You have been a missionary in the truest sense of the pensary, and thousands of operations performed word and have ennobled the traditions of that high callannually. In the Miraj Medical School scores of ing. Your work of healing has always been subordinate Christian young men have been trained to practice to the Gospel message and you have rejoiced far more medicine and to preach the Gospel of Christ and over a regenerated soul than a regenerated body. India are working in mission hospitals in various parts needs saintly surgeons like you, who can lead her away of the country. It is the only mission medical from the whirlpools of political strife to the quiet waters school for men in all India. Being affiliated with of spiritual development and useful service in the cause the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bom- of humanity. bay, the degrees are conferred by that institution. While those skillful hands are at rest, the soul The Leper Asylum cares for 250 lepers annual- of Sir William goes marching on. "His works do ly and 50 per cent of them have become Christians. follow him." "This great medical plant," writes They have their own organized church. The Sir a Board Secretary, "stands as a permanent me- William Wanless Tuberculosis Sanitarium was morial of an eminently useful service for Christ given its name by Sir Leslie Wilson, then Gover- and the people of India. This is his monument." nor of Bombay. Funds for site and buildings were raised entirely in India by. Sir William and was Small wonder that Britain knighted the Saintly opened by him in 1931. Surgeon, or that India mourned when he was called to his reward.

Children's Page; Tomi Ko

By VIOLET WOOD, Missionary Education Movement TOMI KO SAN was a Japanese girl in an Mr. Finney took out his wallet and handed his American grammar school. All week she tennis permit to the clerk, saying: "I don't want studied hard in public school. On Saturdays to play on a tennis court that is closed to my litshe went to a Japanese Christian school and on tle friend, Tomi. I wish to return my permit."

Sundays attended an American Sunday school. Joseph, Julia and Mary looked at each other.

When Tomi's best friends-Joseph, Mary and They had waited so long for permits of their own, Julia-talked of getting tennis rackets she it seemed impossible to give them up.

wanted one, too, and persuaded her father, who "What could we do about it?" they thought.

kept an Oriental art shop, to buy one for her. Then Tomi said quietly: Then Tomi and her friends studied the rules of "Mr. Finney, you are doing what our Sunday- the game, and practiced in the back yard. When school teacher talked about last Sunday, loving the four of them thought they knew the game, your neighbor as yourself."

they went with Joseph's father to get permits to Joseph, too, had listened to that same lesson play on the public courts. and remembered how Jesus had always been The four children sat on the bench in the wait- ready to help people in trouble. Joseph began to ing room of the Town Hall while Mr. Finney wonder how he would feel if he were Tomi.

(Joseph's father) spoke to the clerk. They were Finally he gave his new permit back to the clerk.

very much excited. It seemed too good to be true When Tomi saw what he was doing, she cried that they were about to get permits to play on out, "No! No! Please, you must not do that for real tennis courts instead of in their backyards. me."

Joseph's turn came first. The clerk asked him "Joseph, I'm proud of you," said Mr. Finney.

such questions as: What is your name? Where "We shall get other permits to play on the 'Y'

do you live? and How old are you? After Joseph courts, even if they are not so near home."

had answered politely, tingling with excitement, "We want to give ours up, too," shouted Julia the clerk said: suddenly for herself and Mary.

"Will you sign your name here, Joseph?" The clerk looked in amazement at the little The clerk blotted the signature and, leaning group. "I'm going to see that this story is re- over his desk handed Joseph a pink card, and ported at the next Town Meeting. If everybody said: "That's your permit, young man, and I felt that way, something could be done."

hope you win lots of games." And something was done! It took time, but to- "Thank you, sir," answered Joseph, "I'm going day in that town every boy and girl, whether to try hard to be a good player." Japanese, Chinese or Filipino, can play on the Tomi, like most Oriental boys and girls, was so public tennis courts.

polite, that she insisted that Julia and Mary get Making Use of This Story their permits before her.

When Tomi's turn came, the clerk said: "I'm Ask the Children: sory but foreigners can't play on these tennis Do you think of putting into action what you learn at courts." Sunday school?

"But I am an American girl," responded Tomi Is calling Japanese and Chinese hoys and girls "Japs, smiling, sure that this would make everything Chinks and Chinamen" doing as you would have others right. "I was born in California." do to you?

If Americans truly followed Jesus' example would there -The clerk appealed to Mr. Finney, saying: "It's be people in our country who are looked down upon beagainst the rules to give Japs and Chinks per- cause they have different colored skin?

mits." Activities: The tears started in Tomi's eyes at the word, An interesting contest would be to see which child can "Japs." Many times she had been called that in name the most articles that Tomi's father might have the school yard and on the street, and did not like in his art shop. (For exam~le: rice, kimonos, tea, jade, it. But Tomi was brave and did not let herself vases, pottery, china, prints, candied ginger, spices, dolls, cry. lanterns, fans, lacquered objects, tableware, dish gardens, etc.) Joseph, Julia and Mary were astounded. They couldn't believe that anyone could ever think of If children are far from a museum, they might visit their dear friend as a foreigner or unfit to play an Oriental art shop or a Chinese or Japanese Sunday on the public courts. school. Stimulate their interest by photographs, stamp collections and illustrated books of Oriental flower ar- rangements and miniature gardens.

[ 542] I Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. lVlcGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE.. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~=====================l~ From a Treasurer's Notebook to let the group at headquarters one of them the Guild library have some idea of what they can and instituting a real system of (The following are actual notes count on from us. But we know issuance and check-up, with taken from the notebook of one of right now that our incomes will fines as in the case of the public the officers of a missionary organiza- be just about the same. Why library, the service rendered be- tion. The record was not completed can't we set our goal in June ing considered a direct contri- there; but a year later, without any and then have three months' bution and a small fee being money-raising dinner or bazaar or head-start? paid. Certain other possibilities similar device, that group reached its are open for work by which giving goal-and twenty dollars over. May 10th. A little figuring these members could obtain the . An educational exhibit and program with paper and pencil gives minimum 25 cents a month pay- of real value to the community was some curious results. We have ment. put on in cooperation with the Wom- 29 members. Our aim in giving en's Missionary Society. The aim -don't ask me why-is $410. May 11th. Further thought was to present the best features of That means an average of $34.00 suggests that any responsibility the year's study to a larger number each month. It is only a little which becomes delinquent for than is reached by the organizations over a dollar a month for each good cause at the end of each themselves; the Guild's share of the person, but we have some mem- three months' period, should be net receipts (from the 25-cent and bers who do not tithe and some made a joint responsibility, and 15-cent admission fees) was forty whose income would not permit some means devised for clearing dollars. that high giving in addition to it at once and for redistribution their other church obligations. of it for the future. Why not survey your own members' So a bit of uneven figuring giving goal in somewhat the same brings the following: May 12th. There are numbers way? Make a big chart with a place of women who are not having for each pledge, starting with the 2 pledges of $5.00 a month-$10.00 any share in the world-wide task larger ones and progressing down to 3 pledges of 3.00 a month- 9.00 of the church right in our con- the smaller gifts. Trace over with 3 pledges of 2.00 a month- 6.00 gregation. We wish they would red or blue or green as each is taken 3 pledges of 1.00 a month- 3.00 join in the fellowship of our up, giving no names, but indicating study and social life. But it is the amounts pledged or received.) $28.00 also quite possible for them to share in the responsibility. A May 8th. We had our meeting which means, you realize, that eleven canvass of the situation might of the Business Women's Mis- people will be carrying all but $6.00 be made. A financial approach sionary Guild last night. June of the responsibility each month. But should not be made unless it be- 30th closes the missionary year, it will be eleven who are able, pro- comes evident that they do not and we have turned in to the portionately, to give that much more. care to become members in full treasury just over half of the fellowship. amount of money we feel is 6 pledges of $0.50 a month-$3.00 what our group wants to con- 12 pledges of .25 a month- 3.00 Sacrifice1 tribute to the cause of missions this year. We have sold cards, $6.00 A Dialogue on Stewardship have had dinners, have had spe- cial gifts, have had entertain- will make up the total. 29 pledges of Scene: The corner of a living room. ments. Now we are trying to 29 members will equal $410.00 in the Two easy chairs, an occasional table arrange for a very attractive year! and a floor lamp so set that it lights entertainment which will inter- the characters from the side away est people other than those in May 10th. There are a few from the audience. the church whom we feel we members who, since the depres- have bled quite sufficiently in sion, have been without any in- Characters: Julia Farrell and her our cause this year. We are not come whatever. It might be pos- friend, Maurine Day. very happy over the situation. sible to turn over to them the Some of us feel we are giving responsibility of selling the Time: Late afternoon. until it hurts, but most of us Christmas cards which the Guild wonder if there isn't a better has sold for long enough to have The scene opens as Julia and Mau- way. had it become more or less of an rine come in from outdoors, C'oat~ institution and a service in the and hats on. May 9th. We've been think- community. There is also the ing. September is the time to possibility of turning over to 1 Book Rights Reserved. Grace w. Mc- "accept goals" or in other words, [ 543 ] Gavran.

Julia: Let me have your Julia (smiling a bit): Well, ber that poem-I can't say it all, things, dear. I'll pop them onto I don't. I tell you it's too hard. but two lines of it sing through my bed. Be back in a moment. You just said so yourself. my mind like a warning every (She departs with the wraps. time I plan to spend: Ma'/,lrine sinks into a chair, Maurine: But, -but – Well, yawns, picks up a magazine, I will ask it! Where did you get I have more clothes than I can wear. glances at it for a few moments that ten-dollar bill you put in? Their head and hands and feet are and then, with it still open be- I know it was a ten, even if you fore her, becomes absorbed in did try to fold it so it wouldn't bare. thought, looking absently at show. nothing and frowning a bit.) I can't sacrifice, Maurine, but I Julia: Oh, that! I don't mind can live with voluntary re- Julia (coming in again): Why telling you. I used to get all hot straint. That's what I've discov- and bothered when I heard ered. With those words ringing so solemn? You look as if all things like that today and feel in my heart, I can keep from the cares of the universe were as if I should make some tre- getting the more that will leave on your shoulders. (Smiles at mendous sacrifice. Once I tried me poverty-stricken when I Maurine and takes her own having subsistence meals twice most want to help. It's not sacchair. Picks up her knitting or a week. But Jack hadn't heard rifice. It's a way of living. It's fancy work.) the appeal and took to going to not a struggle. It's a contest in the restaurant those nights. So which I expect to win. There's Maurine: It's silly, I know, it didn't work. And then I tried no regret in it. Only content- but that woman's talk sort of doing without the next garment ment. haunts me. Makes me feel as if I was going to buy. But I'd have I ought to make some tremen- to get it eventually, so that Maurine (thoughtfully): It dous sacrifice and send a whole didn't work. I decided I wasn't sounds as if it might be a way pile of money. Of course, I cut out for sacrifice. out for me. (Pulls a shopping know it's silly to let her upset list from her purse.) "New flow- me so . . . ! Maurine: Then how do you er for blue dress." My present manage? flower is almost new. It isn't Julia (thoughtfully): I don't that I need a new one. I just think it's silly. We're pretty Julia: Once I decided sacri- saw a delicious new shade in well hardened in our generation fice was too heroic for a nature flowers at The Betty Shop. I to pleas of pity, but she wasn't like mine and gave it up, I be- suppose right there . . . your asking for pity exactly. gan to think. If I sacrificed two poem would come in, dresses it would give me twenty Maurine: That's what got me dollars to spend. Good dresses, . . . more than I can wear. down. The very fact that they not just everydays, of course. Their . . . feet are bare. are fighting to change things Well, when I came to plan my and expect to eliminate that con- clothes budget, I just cut it down I see, Julia. I can't get that dition, yet must have help to twenty dollars to start with and flower now. I don't need it. It save the children caught in it to- put in a flat twenty dollars for won't be any real sacrifice to day from utter ruin. emergency giving. That's a dol- give it up. (Folds up list and lar and sixty-six cents a month. puts it away.) Voluntary re- Julia: It's different, all right. I didn't leave out any dresses. I straint. I like that idea. A way Not just an endless chain. It's don't buy more than I need. But of living! (Glances at her . a present emergency. And so I found that I could cut out watch.) Mercy! My poor in- enough little things and make a fants will think they've lost close home no one else can be pair of stockings last a little their mother. responsible! longer by prompt or careful darning, and make one belt do (Both rise.) Maurine (gloomily): And I for two dresses, – oh, there were a hundred things I was Julia: I've been thinking of can't do a thing. Not a thing. spending from ten cents to a adding a verse to the Scriptures I've just spent every cent I have dollar on that I could do with- lately, Maurine. (Smiles mis- to spare on things I need. If it out! And there was my twenty! ! chievously.) "Justice is better had been last week, I might have than sacrifice; and the life of let that last dress go, and yet- Maurine: But you did have to restraint better than emotion." Julia, I don't have more clothes do without. Nice addition to Proverbs, eh? than I need. How can one sacri- fice a dress or a hat? I don't Julia: I never said I didn't. I (They go out, chatting inau- have a whole shelf of hats. I said I had quit sacrificing. It's dibly.) only get just the one I need for not sacrifice to plan carefully. each season. It's fun to beat your own budget. Why Hang On?

Julia (slowly): Well, if you Maurine: I'd mind having to Stewardship is not just a must know the truth, I've given cut down on little things. I hate question of what one gives. It up sacrificing. It's too hard. watching pennies. is often a question of that to which one hangs on. Maurine (startled): Why J ul- Julia: So would I if that were all there were to it. But there's *** ia! I might admit it's too hard more than that. Do you remem- for me. But you! You must sac- 1. If you can admit, "My rifice something! You always closet shelf holds a clock I shall seem to have a huge amount to hand in when things like this come up. You must sacrifice.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

never have mended because I Have you made any serious A Column of Horrors! now use electric clocks; an old attempt to persuade members of toaster that has been replaced your society to face the possibil- Miss X opened the large by a gleaming streamlined mod- ities of service with such things packet of scrapbooks to be sent el; some dishes that came to me to which they are hanging on? to the foreign mission field. Her with the purchase of a certain "It might come in handy" was unbelieving eyes were startled commodity, but which I shall an excellent watchword for fron- by an accumulation of the heroes likely never use; and by the tier living, but it is a drag upon and heroines of Hollywood. way there are a couple of old- us today. As a result of such Thousands of them! Assembled fashioned rockers up in the stor- hoarding our hours are filled with infinite care! Pasted painsage room," -if you can admit with storing and dusting, sort- takingly into Jumbo scrapbooks! that, you are hanging on. You ing and rearranging. This robs Carefully indexed! Miss X are not rendering account of us of power to give that which wilted. She decided to leave till what you have which should be will make life easier for our fel- a later day the writing of the in circulation. The Salvation low men. letter of acknowledgement to the Army, the Goodwill Industries donors. and other organizations can use Why not present this idea in those things to rehabilitate men. a dramatic form? Have a speak- The amount of customs duty . You are using them to accumu- er give the first paragraph. A which had to be paid on that late dust. second speaker, with arms package from home made the loaded with objects, give the missionary-on-the-Congo gasp. It *** second. A, third represent the must be paid from his own sal- third. A fourth may dramatize ary, though the package was for 2. If, hanging in your clothes the fourth. Then announce that the mission. It contained "25 closet, you can find unneeded or a committee of two with a car yards of silk," said the declaraunused dresses, out of style, and a list of possible articles will tion. "Silk! In Africa!" The slightly worn or faded and re- appear at the door of each mem- missionary was doubtful. When placed by something you like ber during the week, ready to the package was opened words better-if you can find them receive contributions, to discuss failed him; the yards of silk there, you are hanging on. The further the list of articles and (declared at retail) turned out charity organizations of your to help decide as to the possible to be scraps of taffeta cut into town can use those garments to usefulness of things that the quilt pieces! And taffeta, Genclothe the naked. You are using member has hung on to, and tle Reader, rots in a very short them to dry-rot! promising to return later if time on the banks of the mighty there will be a second donation Congo. *** ready. How welcome were those Vis- 3. If there are lying about Of course, your list of usable itors-from-Home. They wanted shoes, needing repair but which articles will be made after conyou have not bothered to take to sultation with organizations to see the work; were anxious the shoeman, shoes that pinch which can use them. A truck and so are seldom worn, shoes may be need if large articles are to know more of India. Yes, out of style that you do not care to be donated. The calling com- they would enjoy nothing more to wear, shoes that might come mittees will compile this list. in handy some time but never Perhaps the men of the church than a week at the Christian do-if you are keeping such, will contribute the use of a truck Mela or Camp-Retreat with the you are hanging on. They can to take things to a near-by town missionaries; they would take be used to enable others to walk if your own town cannot make life exactly as the missionaries the wet wintry streets dry-shod. use of them. did. The place was a lovely spot Why keep them to give you a far from railroad and still farsense of oppulence? Such a project can be carried ther from stores and shops. out once a year. It trains mem- Tents dotted the landscape. The *** bers of the society to be alert as Visitors-from-Home were de- to possibilities of giving rather lighted. The evening meal of 4. If you have stored away than hanging on. delicious curry and rice was scraps of new cloth with the served. "We don't eat any Inthought that some day you may If you have a group in your dian food," said the Visitorsquilt; old silk garments that society which sews, you may from-Home, sweetly but deteryou think you might make into want to retain some things, such minedly. The face of the misa hooked rug; pieces of cloth or as quilt pieces or pieces big sionary's wife was inscrutable as partly worn garments which you enough to make children's gar- she ordered soft-boiled eggs for plan to make over some day,- ments, for a service project of the Visitors-from-Home. In her if they are there, you are hang- your own. A committee should mind words began racing: ing on. Busy fingers at sewing decide after things are collected "Eggs for dinner? Eggs for clubs and settlement classes will just what goes where. Do not lunch?? Eggs for breakfast??? make use of them, while you will despise odds and ends. There's no way to get American only dream about it. food now. What shall I do?"

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

INDIAN AMERICAN YOUNG PEOPLE The Joint Committee on In- PART OF ONE CHURCH SCHOOL CLASS ON A HIKE TO THE HILLS. dian Work of the Home Mis- RIVERSIDE. CALIFORNIA. sions Councils (Council of Women for Home Missions and Home Religious Work Director said, "I whom she felt responsibility. Missions Council) presents such a united Christian approach to want to talk to you. I decided Their mother is dead and the Indian American young people in six United States Government tonight for sure that I want to two girls live with an aunt in boarding schools where young people coming from reservations go to a Christian training school ' a country community with no are in new surroundings and feel shy, homesick and strange. to become a nurse." Application church. Soon after Betty's re- The six schools being served blanks were filled out a few days turn home she wrote the Reliin this .way are reaching approximately 3,000 students and later for training at a Presby- gious Work Director at school, are located as follows: terian mission. · (This girl is 'We have in our house a little Albuquerque Indian School, Albuquerque, New Mexico. from a Presbyterian field. ) Word Sunday school. We have neigh- Flandreau Indian School, Flandreau, came back later that there was bors' children come in. Could South Dakota. no room for her. The girl then you help us in our community?' Has k e 11 Institute, Lawrence, Kansas. decided to take post-graduate The Director sent a package of Salem Indian School, Chemawa, work in high school in the mean- papers, pictures and cards. In Oregon. time. The following year she en- thanking the Director for the Sherman Institute, Riverside, California. tered the Presbyterian mission helps she added, 'We have a sing The sixth location is a fine place of and this fall graduates as a on Wednesday nights. We have rural community work being developed in Eastern Oklahoma, near Stillwell. trained nurse ready for work. more older people here then. Of There is no greater need today The Religious Work Directors course we have no piano, but– in missionary work than for follow the struggles of the stu- plays the guitar and that is good churches and denominations to work together in presenting the dents as they return to their enough. I am trying to learn to Christian message in a united reservations during the summer play one too. Here's hoping I way. or after graduation and by learn.' " The interdenominational Reli- friendly encouragement often The stories that follow, sent gious Work Director is willing have the satisfaction of seeing by the Directors, emphasize the to listen, no matter what the those students rise to positions need for more of this kind of problem. Individual lives are of leadership among their own follow-up, serving all denominaoften reshaped by this friendly people. guidance of the Religious Work tions freely but ministering to Director who ministers to them Here is the story of a girl who the student's need first of all: through worship services, social is making the best of her opporgatherings, games, choir 'prac- tunities: "A senior who grad- What the Church Is Doing tice, discussion groups and personal consultations. uated this spring went home "Nellie and Sam, graduates of a with her younger sister for few years ago, came to see us re- Let us consider the case of a girl, a senior in school, who, following a meeting of the Missionary Society in the home of the [ 5461

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

cently and upon invitation stayed to supper. Through most of the evening we visited and talked over experiences of school days. Toward the end of the evening Sam said they must go. They thanked us sincerely, and I walked out to the door to bid them good night. They started down the walk, then re- turned hesitantly. 'She's got something she wanted to say to you, Mr.

–' 'Well, I wonder what it could be!' I grinned. (Oh, I had a 'hunch'

all right, for I had talked over some personal plans with this boy weeks before.) " 'We've been married three weeks!' Nellie said, shyly but happily. Sam is a carpenter here in town. Both are Christian students, graduates of two years ago. And that's what they had come to tell me in the first 'Place!

How I love them for it, and for the friendship which has lasted and which has opened anew to the blessed coun- selling about plans for a new Christian home! They'll come often now- and the latch string's out!"

What Church People Can Do "Our most pressing need for the CHILDREN FROM HOMES LIKE THIS COME UNDER OUR INFLUENCE IN Chapel is a good resonant bell for the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS. belfry. For several years we have discussed this. More and more each senior in-University. There will gets swellheaded because he's had year it takes on significance because surely be a place for him in the world some rare experience, or because he we live here with these boys and girls when he is ready. For he is deter- gets boosted to some office-well, it's as a community and they need some- mined to go back to his people in just too bad for his leadership.' thing to bring to mind and heart the eastern Oklahoma, and live before call of worship and Christian service. them the Christian life which he has "'I see what you mean . . . I'll Perhaps an individual or a group found so abundant. sure try to do this thing right,' and I might take this matter up as a proj- thought I caught a square set to his ect." *** jaw as he started putting on his foot- ball uniform to go out on the field to *** What the Indians Are Doing practice. Joe's an orphan. The first white man this Navajo ever saw he "Dorothy is one of our most pop- An Indian girl, about sixteen years ran from for dear life and hid among ular and finest students but one who old, meditating on the future has this the sheep-just another wild creature has a real problem in her future. She to say: "The preservation of the In- of the desert a few years ago. is a complete ward of the Government, dian race is necessary but, I think it her parents having died within a week must be done through the Indian "He waved his hand to me from the of each other, about five years ago. youth preparing themselves for re- field as I watched him at practice. They left six children; Harold, an sponsible positions and the more we He'll remember!" older son who is now working; Dor- prove ourselves the more responsible othy who is in school here in –; positions will be waiting for us. We *** and four smaller ones who are now cannot go on living in the past, dear being cared for by a family. They as it was to the hearts of our nature- "Our so-called sophistication also had all been separated until these ar- loving people. There is a future, appeals to the Indian, particularly the bright with dreams of happy homes, young person. They readily adopt rantrements were made. of positions well-filled, of friends our dress and manner and along with "Dorothv came here after her par- among all races and of better under- that the cigarette and liquor. I think standing of ourselves and others. We that too often all they see in us is the ent's death and has been here ever are proud to be Indian and we are outside and they follow our pattern." since. She has a pleasing personality glad to have a chance to make others and appearance and has been active proud of us too." *** in religious as well as school activities and is one that I would like to *** The Christian spirit finds exsee go back to her people as a Chris- pression in Indian life in service tian leader. Her parents were Chris- Joe, the captain of this year's foot- for others: tians and gave the children a good ball team has just returned from a beginning for that life. That hope for wonderful conference trip and tour "Two of our finest speakers among Dorothy needs the prayers and inter- which the religious work director the Indian girls–one a Navajo, one a est of Christian people." helped him attend. They are sitting Hopi, themselves inseparable pals on the cot in Joe's room. though their ancestors were bitter en- *** emies-gave earnest talks saying that "What shall I do for my life work?" "'Joe, the very fact that you have old emnities were dead and friendly We have all asked the question so had this privilege and that you have ties strengthened by Christian influ- many times. But to the Indian living been chosen football captain too has ences." in a white man's civilization it is one a little bit of danger in it for you, with especial sil4nificance. Few there did you know that?' Joe looked at his And at Christmas time Indian boys. are who face the matter as did this friend keenly, but a little puzzled. and girls at Sherman Institute pack young Indian man. Left an orphan at 'That's right, Joe. The really great boxes of toys which they send to the a very early age, handicapped most leaders are the ones who keep their Migrants in the cotton fields in Cali- of his life with a speech impediment, hearts and their sY'm.pathies right fornia. They have little to share, yet which he is successfully overcoming, close to the hearts of the people they they experience the feeling of inner with little or no money, he is now II. mix with in everyday life. If II. fellow happiness that comes from joyous giving.

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I Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'I======~EDI=TED=BY=MR=S. =HEN=RIE=TTA=H.=FE=RGU=SON=, X=ENI=A, O=HI=O ======= WESTERN ASIA in the constitution, calling Tur- tlements have welcomed visiting key a Moslem country, was de- mISSIOnaries of the Hebrew New Day in New Turkey leted ; then religious schools, Christian Fellowship, and Jews orders, and religious uniforms, are freely purchasing the Scrip- Hope for true religjous liberty were suppressed; Friday as a tures, although Christian work in Turkey, when Christian mis- holiday was abolished. Not only in Ute villages has had to be sionaries will be welcomed, is this, but there is distinct anti- largely discontinued. The Misseen in a bill before parliament religious teaching in many of sion to Mediterranean Garrisons to offer amnesty to the 150 polit- the schools. Not long ago the and the International Christian ical offenders, exiled from Tur- government ordered the sale of Police Association report enkey in the early days of the Re- 300 mosques in Istanbul. couraging work among British public. It is remarked all over soldiers and police. the country that a new day has -Alliance Weekly. dawned, when Turkey can for- -World Dominion Press. give and reinstate those who Since the Balfour Declaration fought to prevent its emancipa- Trans-Iranian Railway tion. One Turkish paper said: Changes in Palestine since the "This amnesty creates a new Jews were promised a national Last August construction of atmosphere throughout the whole home are reflected in the busi- the Trans-Iranian Railway was country … it will strengthen ness advertisements, such as completed. The line was begun the power, the stability, the those of the King Solomon Bank, in 1927, and fulfils a dream of honor and fame of the country Zerubbabel Bank, Judea Insur- Iranians. The ceremonies atand of the revolution, both at ance, Dead Sea Bath Salts, etc. tending the opening of the road home and abroad." There is a training ship the were most elaborate, with high Sarah I, for Jewish sailors, officials present. The station was Another editor commented: flying the blue and white Zion appropriately decorated and a "The movement toward a gen- flag, operated by the Zebu- ribbon was stretched across the eral amnesty for political of- lon Society (Zebulon was the line. The crown prince and the fenses means that the way is be- seashore tribe). shah each tightened a gold nut; ing prepared for freedom of dis- the shah cut the ribbon, formalcussion. In order that this free- Not the least interesting is ly opening the service. The road dom may widen, writers and the Palestine Symphony Orches- connects the Caspian Sea with critics should be positive and tra. The hounding of Jewish the Persian Gulf, and additional creative, recognizing unity and musicians out of Germany has lines connecting Tabriz and harmony as the highest values. made of it one of the greatest in Meshed are being surveyed. The Thus will be assured the condi- the world. In less than two people of Iran take great pride tions which will produce a move- months this orchestra of sev- in the fact that this gigantic ment toward a true demor.racy." enty-one virtuosos was assem- task was completed without bor- bled and developed into an har- rowing from abroad. The in- -World Dominion Press. monious whole. This occurred creased facilities of travel will in Palestine, an insecure and greatly extend the possibilities Turkey's Materialism troubled land, in a pioneering of missionary service. stage of national life. After the A writer in the Near East orchestra visited Egypt, enthu- -Press Translation Service. Christian Council's Bulletin be- siastic Egyptians organized a lieves that the future of religion Society of Friends of the Pales- Silent Ministry in Turkey is a part of the crit- tine Orchestra.-S. S. Times. ical problem of the religious life Dr. Frederick G. Coan, for 40 of the world. Since the abolition Palestine Problems years a missionary in Iran, of the Caliphate, Turkish leaders called one day on a bigoted, .have proceeded on the assump- Present disorders in Palestine fanatical ecclesiastic-the kind tion that religion had never done are having their effect on the who would be pleased to see anything but harm, and was not Christian Church in that trou- every Christian killed. Dr. Coan needed for the future. Religious bled land, where Christian unity describes his call: teaching in the schools was re- and love are assailed by racial duced, then dropped. A phrase bitterness and fear. Jewish set- As soon as I had entered the room, he ordered the servants to leave and [648 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

told them to see that no one was in er. This teacher then settles public, who are willing to perthe yard, and that the gates were down to a long process of educalocked. Then he turned to me and tion-two years or more-when form some kind of national servsaid, "You have left the New World he instructs the entire village and come all the way here to make me and prepares them for church ice. -The Guardian. a Christian; save yourself the trou- membership. By the end of this ble:" I thought he was simply trying time, no one needs to leave his Syrian "Servants of the Cross" to turn me off. Then to my astonish- home environment, or feel that ment he said, "I am already a Chris- he is an outcaste. This organization, a missiontian." I asked how he came to it. He ary and social brotherhood of then told me a helper had given him In one diocese reported by Mr. the Syrian Church, established the Gospel of St. John and asked him Higdon they are uniting with in 1924, is asking for funds to to read it carefully and with open the church at the rate of 10,000 carryon work among the Demind; and when he reached the last a month; and in all India more pressed Classes in India. The chapter he was at the feet of Christ than 100,000 have accepted aboriginal races of the native as His slave. He could not resist so Christianity annually during the states of Cochin and Travancore, winsome a character. Had it been past three years. The changes South India, are poverty-strickknown in that fanatical Kurdish city, observed by the upper classes in en, ill-clad and uneducated. the man's own sons would have asked the lives of the outcastes turned They live in miserable huts and the governor to behead him and throw Christian has resulted in a sim- carry worship of devils to a his body to the dogs. ilar movement among the higher point of extreme superstition. castes. Under the auspices of the an- INDIA AND SIAM cient Orthodox Syrian Church Community Appreciation of St. Thomas, the Apostle of Unhampered by Politics India, the order is making a The Frances Newton Hospital sincere effort to improve these Dr. C. H. Rice, of Allahabad in Ferozepur has been serving unfortunate people. Christian College, says: women and children of this dis- trict for 44 years. Appreciation There are a dozen members of India just now is one of the centers for this service is manifest in the order. They have no propof the world where the movement for the recently added operating erty, practise celibacy, and repeace and justice is most unhampered unit at a cost of 6,000 rupees, ceive no salary. They obtain by the politics of national fear, hatred raised by members of the Canal, their daily bread from the place and greed. There are radicals who Railway, Civil, Policy and Mili- in which they work, sometimes shout, and leaders who would foment tary Departments, and the mem- from the parish church and class war, but never has India had so bers of the Indian Christian sometimes by rice collections many sons and daughters ready to communities. The medical de- and the hospitality of friends. spend themselves for the liberation of partment of the Punjab Governtheir brothers from ignorance and ment promised Rs. 2,000 toward -The Living Church. disease, poverty and social oppression. this project. The Rajah of Fa- Surely the Spirit of Christ is alive. ridkot gave Rs. 1,000, and the Gains in Assam . . . One day he will be recognized above groups collected Rs. 3,500. and loved and worshiped as now he is Part of the money was used to The Baptist Missionary Requoted and admired. improve a ward in the hospital view of India tells of a piece of for tubercular patients. frontier work that shows real Dr. and Mrs. Rice are co-au- missionary progress. In the Ao thors of the chapter on Indian -Monday Morning. and Sema Naga Hills there were Christian colleges in the current 1,218 baptisms last year, and year's mission study book. Bihar Literacy Drive the church membership in those two tribes has now reached No Need to Leave Home A mass literacy campaign in 19,316. Nearly 500 boys and Bihar Province is an idea con- girls are under Christian in- E. K. Higdon, writing in The ceived by the Minister of Educa- struction at the station school in Churchman, says that time was tion, who planned that students Impur, the largest Baptist school when Indian Christians were be induced to spend their holi- in Assam. A total of 115 Sunthe real "men without a coun- days in voluntary teaching of day schools report an enrolment try"; and that at the Jerusalem adults. There was an enthusias- of about 17,000. How many par- Conference there was a strain tic response. Since the govern- ishes in India or the United of sadness through all that the ment had no funds to combat States show equal advance? Indian delegates said, because illiteracy, the Minister of Edu- Christians in India had to tear cation issued this call: "Let us Practical Christianity in Siam themselves up by the roots, leave try to make up our lack of finantheir families, their villages, cial resources by the earnest de- Bangkok has a large Chinese their communities. sire of our youth for national immigrant population. During service." He regards this as a the Chinese New Year's season, Now, whole villages are be- sort of personal tax. It is hoped it is the custom of the Swatow coming Christian at one time. that this example will be fol- Church workers and officers to The leaders hold a meeting, dis- lowed by the rest of the general make calls in the homes of all of cuss the matter and decide they the members and friends of the are willing to leave Hinduism or church. All firms and shops Mohammedanism and become stop their work, and an excellent Christians. Then they put it up to the community. If the decision is favorable, the next step is to go to the Christian head of the district and ask for a teach-

opportunity is at hand to give and friendless-I was forcibly er songs. Then came the kin- Christian greetings. To one reminded of a man who stood up dergarten with its play songs. humble home, the home of a in one of my meetings at home The popular movement under widow with three small children, and asked whether the Chinese Jimmy Yen early developed folk went a missionary in this call- had not religions of their own songs and taught children I:),nd ing season. The home was just just as good! A fortune teller the peasants to sing. Now the one room, with no furniture ex- had told this old woman that she national defense movement is cept a few boards on trestles to would die in the eighth moon enlisting movie stars, actors, colmake a bed, a stool or two, clay this year and her coffin is al- lege men and women to lead the stove and two or three cooking ready prepared. When asked whole country into a chorus that pans. The widow makes her liv- where her soul would go, she may tend to drown the sobs of ing by going out to cut hair, and replied: 'I don't know.' " those who mourn. -The Christian Century. must leave her children at home Christian Message for There Are J oshuas Today alone during the day. The mis- Wounded sionary expressed concern about the children, and she replied: The Chinese high command Rev. William Vander Meer of the Reformed Church in Amer- "When I go I always ask my sent out a circular letter to ica, last July, like a Joshua spy- Christian hospitals and churches, ing out the land, walked 60 miles Heavenly Father to watch over asking them to cooperate in them." -Siam Outlook.

bringing the Christian message up the valley of the Kuling Riv- to the wounded. The five er in Fukien, looking for fields CHINA churches in Changteh sent two or and houses where refugees in Her Religion "Just as Good" more workers each day to write Amoy could be relocated. He found places for 3,000. In every A writer in China's Millions letters, have personal talks, and village visited he received the tells of visiting an old devotee hold services for small groups. The work developed until it hearty cooperation of officials. of Confucianism, who had lived Amoy, distant from the prinin a temple many years attend- called for a full-time worker. cipal war areas, has its own sep- All the churches cooperated in arate relief work. ing the idols. For all these years providing the salary for the she has abstained from meat, fat and eggs, in the hope of at- right man, who was found Rehabilitation of those who taining salvation; now she is 94 among the refugees. Church will go up the Kuling valley will years old, wizened, dulled, with- women are sewing and provid- require seed, food and tools, unout hope in her face. Christian ing small comforts for the til they can harvest their first women tried to tell her of the wounded men. crop of vegetables. Old temples -Monday Morning. are to be repaired and made into love of Jesus Christ and the homes. The diet in these camps peace that He alone can give. Turning to Song calls for canned meat. Around One of the women, Mrs. Su, has an old Christian mother 93 The crash of bombs and the Amoy there is no longer a taste years old. As Mrs. Su looked at cries of the mangled continue to for fish, the reason being that this other old woman, tears so many dead bodies have been came to her eyes as she said, be heard, but above it all is "Oh, myoId mother is a hun- heard the voice of song. The washed out to sea. dred times better off than this! Chinese people are learning to -Church Committee for sing in chorus as they have China Relief.

She has the peace of God in her never done before. A training Refugee Children heart." Then she sat down by institute in Hankow has been the old lady and patiently tried turning out song leaders. Col- A letter from a Presbyterian to tell her about the peace of lege and middle-school students mission school, now being used God which passeth all under- in south, central and west China as a temporary home for tefstanding. The poor old woman have been teaching group and ugee children, indicates the nalooked absolutely blank, and mass singing. Folk songs, patri- ture of some of the problems. said she was too old to do any- otic songs, workers' songs are When youngsters were brought thing now. They assured her stirring the people's enthusiasm. in from the bombed areas, the that she need not do anything, Dr. T. T. Lew gives credit for teachers expected to see them but trust in Christ. They taught the beginning of this movement rejoice over the chance to live in her a simple prayer-"Lord to the Christian Church. In a safety, where there were play- Jesus, save me, and forgive my recent discussion group of dele- grounds, trees, food. Not at all! sins," which she repeated many gates-elect to Madras he said, Many of them had been living times. "The introduction of group sing- by their wits, and had grown "As we sat there," says the ing by the Church of China has cunning and combative. Fights, missionary, "with the idols meant a great deal to the life of greed, the notion that the school around us, and thought of this China." He went on to describe was a jail, were things to be poor old woman giving her life how children used to sing hymns dealt with. But little by little to them and fasting from meat while at play, regardless of their cleanliness, play, food, hand- and eggs-now weak and old, theme, because they had no oth- work and scout drill produced a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very different set of children. JAPAN -OHOSEN at home whose ideas and motives I When their school home was cannot follow nor condone. To dechanged for a more permanent State Oontrol of Religions nounce war and its perpetrators is one under the Children's Relief not enough. I must find a substitute Association sponsored by Mad- The draft of a proposed new for war. ame Chiang Kai-shek, there law affecting religious organizawere real regrets on both sides. tions has been made public. This How Peace Will Oome is the fourth time during the -Monday Morning. past 40 years that a law control- World Outlook contains the ling religion has been proposed, following letter of a Japanese Honan Mission Jubilee and each time it has been de- Christian minister in war serv- feated in the Diet. Heretofore, ice: This year marks the jubilee of the attempt has failed because the Honan Mission of the United of an article in the constitution There are many American and Eng- Church of Canada. Some of guaranteeing freedom of reli- lish missionaries everywhere in China, those who went to China in 1888 gious belief to the individual. but Japanese soldiers are not perare alive and well, and look with The proposed new law avoids mitted to call on them or go to church troubled hearts on the China of the dilemma by limiting itself to without special permission. This is 1938. The first period in the his- the regulation of the public cere- because we are very nervous to stir tory of this Mission with the ar- monies and the doctrinal prop- up international problems. As you rival in China of Dr. and Mrs. agation of the various religious know, most of the soldiers are rough Jonathan Goforth, Dr. McGil- organizations, not the personal and uneducated, and do not know forlivray and others; this phase of faith of the individual. Under eign manners. the work ended when the Boxer the present emergency it is aluprising overran all North Chi- most certain to become law. The The other day I called on Mr. and na in 1900. Two years later Christian churches, along with Mrs. H., the missionaries here, with work began anew on a larger all other religious bodies, will the permission of my officer. We had scale, but with the outbreak of then operate under a permit a long talk. They welcomed me heartthe Great War in 1914, the sup- issued by the minister of educa- fully. There were a few Chinese ply of new missionaries was cut tion, will be amenable to govern- Christians present. I was greatly enoff, but at the end of the war, ment inspection, and will have couraged and comforted by a touch of the Forward Movement Fund both doctrine and worship prac- real Christian brotherhood. I am sure made reinforcement once again tices subject to official control. that peace will come only through possible. The modern develop- Conversely there will be certain Christianity. Because of this I feel a ment of the Mission began with tax exemptions and other priv- great sense of mission. I think you the construction of Weihwei and ileges that have not hitherto must have some friends in China. Changte Hospitals. been extended to Christianity. Please send me their names and ad- It is possible that there will be dresses. Every night there is shoot- Events of July, 1937, changed no particular inconvenience ex- ing, but my heart is quite peaceful bethe whole picture, but members perienced under the new regula- cause of my faith in the Cross. I read of the Mission have not lost tions, though the churches my Bible every morning, and am courage. All the staff are re- would prefer to be free from praying all the time. maining at their posts. such governmental control. J apan Selling Out in India -United Church Record. -Charles Iglehart. As an indication of Japan's Kashgar Mission Closed Kagawa Proposes Peace desperate situation, one of Eng- land's leading papers prints the The Swedish Mission in Kash- It is reported that Kagawa following: gar, Chinese Turkestan (Sin- has laid proposals for peace kiang Province) was attacked with China before the Japanese A correspondent who is managing and burned by the Moslem lead- premier-without result. In a director of a famous firm of merer Mamud Sidjan. Governor- letter to friends in the United chants in Bombay gives news of some , General Sheng suppressed the States, Kagawa writes: interest. His letter reads:-"A sig- Moslem rising in September, nificant thing is happening here with 1937, but the local authorities Truly no group of Christians can be the quite large Japanese business subsequently closed the hospital isolated. Just in the measure that the community. They are selling off all and printing office and scattered links that bind these groups are their house and office properties, upthe Christians. The British Con- forged in love and understanding and country cotton factories, cotton mills sul-General in Kashgar rendered sympathy, will the influence and pow- here. It may be in order to get money help to the Mission, but even- er of Christianity continue. Though with which to buy cotton. For months tually the situation deteriorated you hear of individual Christians now they haven't had the money with and most of the missionaries wooed and won by the growing spirit which to buy a bale. .. . . They are were compelled to return to of nationalism, do not despair. In all obviously getting into a terrible mess Sweden. Forty years of efficient lands and in all ages, there have been financially, with a million men in the and devoted service in one of testing times for Christians and not field in China and the whole country the hardest fields of China has all have stood the test. . . . My own run by the fanatical army leaders, thus been tragically interrupted. personal views are well known. I and no money with which to buy the would be a disciple of love to all peo- raw materials for their vast indus- -World Dominion Press. ple, and this must include even those tries. Their exports, from which they get their money, have in recent months dwindled to nothing, and they have little raw cotton left."

The Kobe Cloudburst Kobe has a population of about 790,000. The city lies crescent shaped between the hills and the Inland Sea. Last July, a cloud-

burst caused the hill streams to would be seated beside me. I tion was given as to baptism, rush down into the city, carry- saw at once that it was the man the preparation and motive for ing trees and debris into the who had murdered my father, it, and what it involved, the in- streets until some sections were and I had sworn to drink his quirers withdrew sadly, and no buried six feet under. About blood. But as I withdrew down more has been heard from them.

150,000 people were made home- the church, a voice seemed to less; electric and water supply say to me, 'By this shall all men "Insurrectos" Become was cut off. An old well, un- know that ye are my disciples, Methodists used for many years, in the if ye have love one to another'; Enthusiasm, progress and ma- and as I sat down near the door, turity marked the 1938 sessions yard of a Presbyterian mission- a Man upon a cross rose before my eyes, and I heard Him say, of the Methodist annual conferary's home served the neighbor- 'Father, forgive them, for they ences in the Philippines. For know not what they do.' Then I the first time, these met in sephood; and this furnished the returned, and we took the Lord's arate places, and both were hon- Supper together." ored by the presence of goveropportunity to hand out Chris- nors and other officials of the -The Presbyterian. provinces where they were held. tian literature to all who came for water. In this crisis, some Japanese Christians opened a vacation Bible School to take responsibility for the children, Looking toward indigenous lead- ership, plans were discussed for while the adults dug themselves Bible Circles of Five out. -Monday Morning. "Circles of Five" have become electing a Filipino bishop in popular in Java. They are 1940. ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC g.roups of five young people in Although the year under re- view was marked by a series of Bridge Builders in Papua the higher classes of elementary earthquakes, typhoons, floods and secondary schools, who meet and fire, statistics show a de- Mr. C. F. Rich has served cided gain both in self-support nearly forty years in Papua un- to study the Bible under one of and in membership. In less than der the L. M. S., and is still full their number as leader. Each forty years Methodism in· the of plans for that island's future. circle becomes a sort of union of Philippines has grown to a He writes: secrecy and fidelity of uncom- mon strength, marked by per- church of more than 90,000 Once it was said of a patriarch, staunch members. "He digged us a well." In hot, wet sonal devotion. They become Papua, there would be scant praise brethren. They meet each week, -Christian Advocate. for a well digger, but in years to and attendance is a sacr(;)d duty, come they may be saying of their missionary: "He builded us a bridge." not to be missed. Printed out- National Hospital Day Why? On one of the main roads a lines of Bible study are sent to dangerous creek had to be crossed, and all efforts to bridge it had come each circle and these are dis- The Philippine Commonto naught whenever floods came. cussed at its meetings. Coordi- wealth celebrates an annual Na- Then the missionary, with the help of nation is effected by a monthly tional Hospital Day, when all villagers and his old automobile, set gathering of the leaders, most the hospitals of Manila are open to work. The old car hauled tons of of whom are under twenty years to the public for inspection, and sand, timber and cement; the people carried tons of stone with which to old. are rated by a committee headed raise the road approach to the bridge level. In a little over seven weeks of The number five was chosen by the Director of Public Welhard labor, the bridge was ready for use. "Quite interesting," some will because in Java it is a sacred fare. For the third successive say, "but hardly a missionary's job." But the bridge will stand for many number. It is the number of year, St. Luke's Hospital has years, not only to ensure safe crossing, but as a visible emblem of a fingers on one hand, and ex- won the highest award among bridge of understanding over which the Papuan may pass from ignorance presses unity. Also, it was the hospitals having a capacity of and darkness into freedom and light. number of the prayer circle in f'100 beds, or more. In announc- -L. M. S. Chronicle. Antioch, from which the Holy ing this award, Dr. Aguilar Revenge or Love? Spirit selected and commissioned Director of Public Welfare de: A missionary to New Zealand tells of a Maori Christian who PauL-World Dominion Press. clared this to be a model 'hoshad taken a front seat at the communion service. Suddenly, Requirement ~oo Hard pital, above competition. What he was seen withdrawing to the rear, then he came forward and a contrast to the days of Spanresumed his original place. Asked afterwards why he had The Protestant Episcopal Mis- ish rule forty years ago! done so, he replied: "When I sion tells of a group of people at -The Churchman. entered, I had no idea who Baguio, P. I., who recently came NORTH AMERICA to the Church to ask how much would be the charge for baptiz- Is America Christian? ing a young Chinese who wished to marry a Christian girl. It There is a strange mixture of was explained to them that there paganism and Christianity in was no charge, but that baptism America. Not long ago at To- was not just a routine conven- awnadocc, eCeoloofrfaicdioa,lsthareraloncgaeldWwPitAh ience for those who wished to marry. When further informa- the leaders of the Utes (In-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dians) for a three-day season of already formally approved, at that attempts at law enforcesports events and bear dancing least in principle,· the constitu- ment are futile unless the moral at Easter time, culminating on tion of the proposed World sentiment of the people is back Easter Sunday. Wishing to have Council of Churches drafted at of it. -United Presbyterian. Easter observed in a manner Utrecht, Holland, last May. more fitting its significance, They are the following: Presby- Fresh Approach to World James Russell, local pastor, re- terian Church in the U. S. A.; Needs quested the official in charge of Presbyterian Church (South), the government agencies to post- Congregational, Northern Bap- Two Methodist missionaries pone the sports event, and allow tist, United Lutheran, Evangel- from Burma, Dewitt and Edna the Easter meetings to assume a ical Lutheran Augustana Synod, Baldwin, have created the "Lisle more religious aspect. This he Evangelical and Reformed, Re- Fellowship," a six-weeks "rerefused to do. Whereupon, Mr. formed Church in America, thinking" conference at "Happy Russell explained to the chief United Presbyterian, Protestant Valley," Lisle, N. Y. Sixty coland tribal council of the Utes Episcopal, Disciples of Christ lege men and women, members that throughout the United and Methodist Episcopal. of ten different races or nations, States, and the world people re- representing 13 churches and 26 gard Easter as a holy day, and Missionary News from Wall colleges, have been devoting celebrate then the rising from Street themselves to the theme of the dead of the Lord Jesus "World – mindedness," consider- Christ, just as at Christmas time Perhaps Wall Street, the finan- ing the meaning of Christianity they commemorate His birthday. cial center of New York, would as a solution for the new world's The Indians listened attentively least likely be expected to fur- needs, and the kind of individand then they asked the local nish missionary news, yet read- ual a world citizen ought to be. head of the WPA to postpone ers of the daily Wall Street the sports events: but he still Journal saw this heading in a The educational methods of persisted on having his program recent issue: "One Thousand this group are worth watching. carried out at the time set. Bible Translations." The follow- Instead of telling young people ing is a quotation from the ar- what to think, there is offered a The Indian leaders then de- ticle: whole series of projects by vised this plan. They would tell which students may learn to their people not to go to the In its headquarters in London the think for themselves, and arrive sports field until after services British and Foreign Bible Society at their own conclusions. Inhad been held in the church now has copies of the Scriptures pub- cluded in this is training in field from 9 until 10: 30 a. m., and lished in whole or in part in 1,000 dif- work. Four days each week, they would stop their bear dance ferent languages. The last two trans- after a preliminary week of at 5 p. 'ill. so that their people lations were of native tribal tongues training, the students go out by could have supper and attend in the Belgian Congo of Africa, themselves, taking full responchurch service again at night. known as the Ngwana and Sakapa sibility for their personal and As a result more people than tribes. This Bible Society was group relations, to work togethusual attended the church serv- founded in 1804 when copies of the er through churches in towns ices, both morning and evening. Bible were available in only 72 lan- and villages covering a radius of guages. The number increased to 100 125 miles of Lisle-most of cen- Paganism among many of the in 1824, to 200 in 1871, to 300 in 1892, tral New York and north cen- 200 Indian tribes in the United to 400 in 1906, to 500 in 1917, to 600 tral Pennsylvania. Careful ar- States is as degraded as that in 1928, to 712 in 1936 and to 1,000 rangements are made by Mr. found in central Africa. Their in 1937. Baldwin with pastors in adreverence for material objects is vance, interchurch hospitality as bad, their medicine men are Evidently, the Wall Street being arranged wherever posno different from the evil witch- Journal considered this of as sible. -Christian Century. doctors of the dark continent, much news value as dividend and their gross superstitions are announcements. Twenty-four Hour Service depressing. Obstacles to their evangelization include, not only "League of Decency" The First Methodist Church the character of the people, their of Hollywood, Calif., is like the language and nomadic habits, Because the alarming increase fire department and some resbut most discouraging of all the of vice and crime is preventing taurants in that it functions fact that the United States Gov- law enforcement and undermin- twenty-four hours a day, 365 ernment is actually trying to ing the efforts at character build- days a year. This service is preserve old pagan Indian cus- ing, the California Church Coun- rendered in the spirit of Christ toms. cil has formed a "League of and does not end with distribut- Decency" to enlist the churches ing baskets in the holiday sea- Approve World Council of in battling against these evils. son. A few of the things done Churches Last year, juvenile delinquency may be mentioned: over the entire state increased Twelve Evangelical Commun- from 10 to 15 per cent. The The chairman of the commitions in the United States have state authorities are becoming tee was called to a home where more and more lax in their the husband and father was out efforts to control liquor and gambling, and it is recognized

of work, a child sick, and the the Hotel Commodore. In 1836, would not claim to have orig- mother, discouraged and de- they supplied the old Hotel Astor inated it. It was Jesus Christ spondent, had purchased chloro- and there are now 426 hotels on who first said it," and opening form which she was about to use the list of those being served. his Bible the missionary showed to commit suicide. The chloro- It is interesting to know that the verse to the young Mexican.

form was taken away and the many of the Bibles disappear, so After reading it through three child given medical aid. Eventu- that the question of replacement times he exclaimed: "How wonally, the father found: a job and comes up about every third year. derful if everyone knew and the family is now on the road to As to definite results from this used that rule !" economic security. -Monday Morning. work letters received indicate Other services have been: great help in many instances. wheel chair furnished, medicine Hotel managers report that they Porto Ricans Meet Their bought, utility bills paid, helped are often asked for a Bible, if pay rent, helped find new homes, Quota helped keep young people in high one is not found in the room. Cases have been substantiated Bishop Colmore of Porto Rico school and college, furnished where the reading of a hotel is now in the 25th year of his layettes, secured employment, Bible has been the means of re- episcopate. He fee~s that spiritmade funeral arrangements- straining a person from suicide. ual life on the Island is becomthe church paying for the grave, This custom of Bible distribu- ing deeper and more vigorous settling a disputed doctor's bill, tion is now so widespread, settling an insurance claim for a through the New York Bible So- each year; this is indicated in widow. ciety and the Gideons, that a part by the 1,078 baptisms in hotel is not considered properly that diocese last year. Bishop A few more statistics may furnished unless each room con- Colmore challenges the maingive an idea of the magnitude of tains a Bible. land of the United States to this work: 6,233 miles have show a record equal to this. The been driven by one member of Church at Metlakatla, Alaska number of communicants inthe committee in making 1,373 creased by 263 or four per cent visits; 173 different families The Indian Church at Metla- as against an increase of one have been helped in which there katla, near Ketchigan, Alaska, are 339 adults, 337 children; was founded by William Duncan per cent for the whole Church. 1,019 of these visits were for seventy years ago. Its first carrying supplies, 354 for inves- twenty years were directed by Porto Rican Christians, in tigation and counsel. A total of the Episcopal Church of British spite of their terrible poverty, $3,165 in cash has been used. Columbia. It is now under local take pride in giving their full control, and has twelve elders. quota year by year, and as much Its newly installed pastor is a more as possible. Besides, they Congregationalist from Minne- sent gifts last year for flood re- One Result of Home Missions sota. Funds from William Dun- lief, and have contributed to the China Emergency Fund. Here is an illustration of what may be accomplished by home -Spirit of Missions.

mission work. Thirty-five years can's estate support the church, It's Training That Counts ago, the Lafayette Avenue Pres- which is independent. Duncan byterian Church of Brooklyn "My understanding of the sent a young man, Harry S. established a sawmill and can- principles of justice probably Murdock, to Buckhorn, Ken- ning factory which pay the cost differs somewhat from yours, tucky, to preach to the backward because I was trained in a people there. After thirty-two of city administration, and sup- Presbyterian Sunday school," years of service he died, leaving ply water and electric light, so said a prominent Porto Rican an entire presbytery of 37 lawyer to a member of the cabchurches which had their origin that every home has electricity, inet. Here is the cabinet mem- and there are no taxes.

-Presbyterian Tribune.

under his ministry. There is LATIN AMERICA ber's reply: "If your underalso at Buckhorn a school of 400 standing of justice differs from pupils, an orphanage, hospital, If Everyone Obeyed the mine, it is because the teachers mission farm and various other Golden Rule! in the Presbyterian Sunday institutions. "By the way," said a young school where I was trained were In honor of this founder, Ken- better than those who taught federal employee to a mission- you." -Dr. Angel Archilla. tucky has named a new state ary in Mexico, "I have been told road Murdock Trail. that in the United States they "Applied Meditation" in Cuba have a beautiful motto-per- More Bibles for Hotels haps a law or decree-some- At the close of a religious Placing Bibles in hotels is a thing about doing for others conference in Cardenas, Cuba, practice of more than 100 years' what you would like them to do the young. people in attendance standing with the New York for you. Can you tell me what agreed that the most helpful fea- Bible Society. Just before this is?" To which the mission- tUre had been the hour of "ap- Easter new Bibles went for the ary replied: "The government plied meditation" in the mornfirst time into the 1,956 rooms of officials know about this law, but ing, when each sought a place

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of prayer. It was here they said widow and several children liv- of a permanent Bible Room in they found their place in future ing in surroundings not fit for the British Museum. The exhi- Christian work. Opportunities animals, undertook to clean bition at Sion College includes were offered to enlist in the dif- things up. She got clothing and some of the most famous ediferent activities of the Church. shoes for the most needy, and tions ever published, one being took one of the children to pub- the "Great Bible," printed in Among their practical under- lic health clinic. "She's really 1539, partly in London and parttakings was the pUblication of a ill-take her to the hospital," ly in Paris. In 1540, it was reweekly paper to be financed by said the clinic doctor, but at the printed in London as "Cranthe young people themselves, hospital there was no room. mer's Bible," and contained a and promoted through the activ- Back she had to go to her miser- preface by that ill-fated archities of their societies. This able home while the liguena con- bishop. Copies of the four polyweekly will take the place of the sulted the Red Cross. "Send her glot Bibles are in the exhibit. supplement in the monthly mag- to our clinic," they said, but on azine, Herald Cristiano. clinic day the child was too ill The Bible Room at the Mu- to be moved. So the League seum is designed to show the -Monday Morning. woman, not to be daunted, is history of the Scriptures in Eng- herself giving what treatment lish from earliest times. Half Indians Seeking aNew and help she can, teaching the the exhibits are in manuscript Religion mother at least the rudiments of form. The middle English period sanitation, and living up to the is represented by psalters. Then A group of Indians – the League motto, "Saved to Serve." there is a series of Wycliffe edi- Aymaras-who live behind the tions, which were forbidden unmountains that divide Lake Titi- -Presbyterian News til the 16th century, when one caca from the fertile lowlands Service. copy, here shown, was presented of Bolivia's interior, sent a few to Queen Elizabeth. soldiers to the war between Bo- New "Y" in Buenos Aires livia and Paraguay over the The printed editions began Chaco. One of them came with The Y. M. C. A. of Buenos with the only surviving fraga tale of a new religion, which Aires realized a dream of many ment of Tyndale's New Testahe began to tell his neighbors. years when it opened its new, ment. Cromwell's injunction is He told them that these evangel- modern building last June. It is shown beside the "Great Bible." icals did not lie or steal, that strategically located in the heart A woodcut on the title page they did not drink, not even at of the city and greatly extends shows Henry VIII handing the feast times, that they did not the service of the "Y." About Bible to Cromwell and Archbisquarrel with each other, and 5,000 people visited the building hop Cranmer; while below, a that they were happy because on the opening day, and some crowd of people have streamers God loved them. 1,000 made use of the athletic issuing from their mouths bear- department the first day it was ing the legend: "God Saue the Evidently the story made a available. Public confidence in Kyng." great impression on the Indians the Association's work is eviin this village, for they soon be- denced by a government grant Quakers in Spain gan to try to live according to of $92,000, of which the first inthe principles of the story, and stallment has been paid. Local It was a year last August left off drinking and stealing donations of $60,000 more have since the first group under the from one another. They have been received. Non-partisan Child Feeding Misrecently asked that a teacher be sion of the American Friends' sent to them. They have no reli- The Buenos Aires organiza- Service Committee went to gious guidance of any kind. tion dates from 1902, and since Spain to work on both sides of then it has constantly main- the conflict. The work is spon- -Christian Advocate. tained an all-round program of sored by the Federal Council, youth development by which and other religious and social How Chilean Women Work more than 40,000 young men organizations. In all, nine Amer- have profited. Its budget is icans have gone: four Friends, Chilean Christian women have raised entirely by fees and local two Mennonites, two Brethren a Liga, or League for Service. contributions. and one Methodist. Absolute Besides the work they do as a commitment to the way of peace group-sewing and knitting for -Christian Century. and spiritual sensitiveness have the poor, visiting jails, houses been regarded as essential qualiof correction, orphanages, asy- EUROPE fications, in addition to special lums, hospitals and homes-they training and general ability. Two lose few chances for individual "First" Bibles on Display of the American representatives service. A liguena offered to have been social workers, three take into her own home the child The 100th anniversary of the missionaries, one a peace workof a very poor woman who was setting up of the English Bible er, one a youth leader, one a stuto go to the hospital. Another in parish churches is being cele- dent and one an accountant. At set out to prevent the marriage brated in London this year by present three workers are in of a girl of fourteen to a man an historic exhibition at Sion much older. Another, finding a College, and t~e establishment

loyalist Spain, two in nationalist is lessened for those who have maintain a keen religious life in territory, as compared with the not been in this organization. each of its members, it organizes original one worker on each side. Those already in office are for- pilgrimages in Yugoslavia and bidden to send their children to Palestine and also "retreats." The first great need was found church schools. Its members undertake to pray to be for milk. Four milk sta- every day and to read religious tions have been established, and The above mentioned visitor books. Many villages have been women come as far as six miles, to Austria quotes verbatim one transformed, new churches have bringing undernourished babies of the leaflets which is being cir- been built. When a lecture was to these depots, the only places culated in Austria containing given on the organization and in that part of Spain where milk "50 points" directed against objectives of the Pilgrims, the is obtainable. Workshops for Christianity. This leaflet is one speaker ended with the quesrefugee women and girls were of a number that were issued to tion: "Do you believe that started and a boys' workshop the girls' section of the Hitler Christ will vanquish all difficulproduces alpargatos, or rope- Youth: ties and overcome all his adversoled sandals. The women sup- saries?" Fifteen thousand anply bedding for hospitals under Christianity is a religion for slaves swered with one voice: "Yes, the care of Friends which are and fools. For example, it says, we believe that."-Advance. run by English nurses. "The last shall be first" and "Blessed are the poor in spirit." New Oppression in Russia -Christian Century. Christianity is equivalent to Com- According to a recent news Protestant Committee in munism. bulletin, instruction in atheism Belgium will be required in all schools of German culture was on a high level Soviet Russia, beginning with In accordance with a recom- before Christianity, and has been an- 1939. A pedagogical institute mendation made last year by the nihilated by it. for instruction in atheism is to Congo Protestant Council, a be established to prepare teach- Committee has been formed in There is no Christian culture. ers for their new duties. Belgium, known as the Comite Christianity was nowhere desired, Consultati/ des Missions Prot- but pushed itself in everywhere. Jaroslavsky, head of the Soestantes du Congo Belge. Re- Christianity has corrupted the Ger- ciety of the Godless, has declared garding this Committee, the mans, acquainting them with concep- that atheism in Russia is now in Council suggested: tions, such as theft and adultery, the last stage of its struggle which were previously unknown to against religion. The year 1942', That its purpose be to create and them. he says, will mark the jubilee of maintain contacts between the Evan- How did Christ die? Whimpering the Soviet Union and the great gelical Churches in Belgium and the on the Cross. And how did Planetta festival of the victory of athe- Protestant Mission work in Congo. (the assassin of Dollfuss) die? He ism. By 1967, after half a cen- cried out, "Heil Hitler! Long live tury of communism, he predicts That it guide by its counsel Chris- Germany." that the 230,000,000 population tian men and women from the various The Ten Commandments are the of Russia will be completely godchurches in Belgium who offer them- expression of the lowest human in- less. Churches and cathedrals selves for missionary service in Con- stincts. will then be only a casual rego. A good people does not need a membrance of an early period. Saviour; only a bad people. There is one important omission That it make the Protestant work Nero was quite right to persecute in the plan: God is not taken inin Congo more widely known in Bel- the Christians. to account. gium, especially by the press, and defend its cause when required. Some of the "50 points," the AFRICA correspondent notes, are too ob- The Committee will work in scene to print; yet these leaflets Fellowship in Egypt cooperation with the Congo are issued to boys and girls at Council, and three of the larg- the most impressionable age. One of the most remarkable est and most important Belgian services of modern times was Protestant groups have appoint- Yugoslavia's Pilgrims held this year in the Anglican ed representatives to serve on Cathedral in Cairo. The service the Commission. Those who like to claim they was planned by the "Fellowship are descendants of the Pilgrims of Unity," which draws into its -Congo Mission News. will be interested to know of a ranks the Greek, Armenian, Cop- new development in the Ortho- tic and other Eastern Churches, Nazi Influence in Austria dox Church of Yugoslavia called as well as the Presbyterians, the "Pilgrim's Movement," Anglicans, French Evangelicals, Nazi authorities in Austria which is increasing in effective- GeI1man Lutherans, Methodists gain their point in a roundabout ness. Its influence is felt among and the Church of Sweden. way. One who has recently re- the country people as well as turned from that country re- among the intelligentsia, and its Seven languages were emports that no Catholic is ap- monthly periodical has a circula- ployed in the service. The openpointed to important office, and tion of 35,000. The aim of the this is the procedure; no church Movement is to promote a life trained boy may belong to "Hit- that is truly Christian, on the ler Youth," and only "Hitler basis of the Gospel. Its first Youths" can hold office; the principle is that all propagation prospect for other employment of Christianity must begin with a transformation of personal life. In additio~ to seeking to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing part was corporate thanks- Jesus Christ. Quietly and unobtru- fact that so many countries, giving in which the Greek, Ar- sively His command to preach that widely separated geographicalmenian and Coptic Churches joined with the Anglican, Pres- Gospel is being carried out in Dji- ly, have combined to send 6,000,000 doses of vaccine to bouti, by word of mouth, by the wit- ness of changed lives, and by the byterian, French and German circulation of the written Word. Dis- China to check the spread of communities. Another feature tribution of portions of Scripture and cholera. Australia and Ceylon of the service was the uniting of phamphlets is carried on, and Bibles have each sent to the Chinese in English, French, Italian, Arabic, Health Administration 500,000 the choir of the Cathedral with Amharic and Gujerati have been the Greek, Armenian and Coptic given to all those really interested. doses, the American Red Cross -Life of Faith. 3,000,000 doses, the Pasteur Inchoirs. A climax was reached when in English Psalm CI was stitute at Hanoi 500,000 doses, sung. It was a fitting culmina- Africa Christian Missions Rumania 1,000,000 doses, Jugo- tion to this great act of praise in The Africa Christian Missions slavia 500,000 doses, and Turso many tongues, and the Cathe- is an independent Baptist mis- key 1,000,000 doses. Gifts of dral rang with the familiar sion operating in French West cholera vaccines have also been words. received from the Serum Insti- Africa, with its center in the tute at Copenhagen, the Egyp- -Baptist Missionary Re- capital of the Niger Colony, a tian Ministry of Health, and the view (India). cosmopolitan town of about Institute of Bacteriology at 20,000, including Europeans and Buenos Aires. Sona Bata Medical School natives from every section of West Africa. It is on the main It would seem reasonable for Government diplomas were caravan route across the desert, governments and people to unite given for the first time to grad- and Arabs from Morocco, Al- as readily to stamp out the evils uates of the American Baptist giers and Tunisia are thus of war and class hatred, with all Medical School at Sona Bata, brought into the sphere of the their attendant suffering. Belgian Congo at their first com- Mission's influence. mencement last March. Govern- -The Christian. ment officials took part in the The work is mainly among the exercises, and those present in- Djerma tribe, which numbers Per Capita Giving cluded other state representa- about 250,000 – all Moslems. tives, members of near-by Prot- Preaching services in other than There has been an increase of 79 cents in the average per capestant and Catholic Missions; the mission's own buildings are ita giving of the members of the also, the American consul and forbidden by the government; 25 leading Protestant denomina- accordingly, every opportunity tions of the United States and his wife. The five .graduates is seized for making contacts with individuals, and these con- Canada for the past statistical have all taken places of Chris- versations attract many of the year, according to figures pubtian medical service for their lished by the Philadelphia Eveown people. curious, who also hear the Gos- ning Bulletin. The 79 cents in- – Watchman-Examiner. pel. crease a person means an aver- In French Somaliland Market day provides another age gift of $13.25 and a total opportunity. The same method gift increase of $14,602,188, Informal meetings for edu- is used-the curious listening in though there was at the same cated young Arabs and Somalis, as the claims of Christ are pre- time a decline of 412,148 in the for discussion and comparison sented to a single person. Por- combined membership of these of the Bible and the Koran, are tions of the Scripture are dis- denominations. proving worth while in the pro- tributed to those who prove gram of the Bible Churchmen's their ability to read either Testaments for Jews Missionary Society at Djibouti, French, Arabic or the native French Somaliland. The num- tongue. Medical work is under- The Alliance Weekly reports bers vary according to the de- taken in a small way, each pa- the launching of a campaign for gree of Moslem hostility, but ten tient thereby providing another the prayerful distribution of a or twelve men of different na- opportunity for the presentation quarter of a million New Testationalities are regular attend- of the way of salvation through ments among Jews in various ants. Several of these have ac- Christ. A school is maintained lands. A special Testament is cepted Christ as Saviour. In in which the Bible is the text- being prepared, in which verses view of the bitter opposition cer- book. Classes in reading, writ- that signify the fulfilment of Old tain to be met, the question of ing and Bible memory work are Testament prophecies appear in open testimony is a difficult one. held for the natives, and there bold face type, thus showing the are classes in doctrine and evan- Jews that the New Testament Summing up the work of the gelism for the believers. is the completion and fulfilment past twelve months, the leader of Old Testament revelation, and of the movement says: International Cooperation that Jesus is the true Messiah, and the Saviour of both Jews Of spiritual achievement there can Those who despair of ever and Gentiles. A great volume be no computation. A large number seeing cooperation among na- of intercessory prayer is being of people-running into hundreds- tions may take courage from the sought. have been touched in one way or another by the Gospel of our Lord

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~========~==============~=====I~ The Household of Faith. By Arthur The biography is brief and to destroy or degrade men and Emerson Harris. 232 pp. $2.00. largely factual. The author, who women, body and soul. This has Fleming H. Revell Company, New also wrote the life of the late F. been clearly evidenced since the York,1938. B. Meyer, gathered this mate- days of Noah and the evil effects rial during the subject's lifetime of alcohol are very far reaching. Dr. Harris, a professor in and then died before the book Miss Reed's leaflet is full of in- Eastern Baptist Theological was published. He tells the story teresting and important facts Seminary, discusses the author- of boyhood struggles, of fruitful that speak powerfully against ity and trustworthiness of the service in four important pas- the evils of intoxicating drinks. Bible, the person and second torates, of soul-stirring religious The medical accuracy of the coming of Jesus, the message of work among the soldiers in the statements is vouched for by the Gospel, the Church as "the World War, of wide-reaching eminent physicians and the spir- Household of Faith," the wit- influence as a secretary of the itual truth is endorsed by promnessing duty and privilege of its Board of National Missions, and inent clergymen. Here is a sane members, immortality, the tran- of nation-wide travel as moder- and convincing study of a great scendent call of Christ, and re- ator of the Presbyterian Church, evil. Missionaries and pastors lated subjects. The treatment is U.S. A. who wish to warn and fortify in a popular style which sug- their people against intoxicants gests that most of them were Dr. McDowell was the author will find here a great storehouse originally sermons or chapel of several books and of many of facts gathered from scientific talks. The viewpoint is that of important papers but only two investigation and from sad exa firm conservative in theology of his messages-"A Challenge perience. So Roger W. Babson and Biblical interpretation. to Loyalty" and "The Basis for says: "We ought to work des- Some statements will probably a Better World"-are given in perately for prohibition of any be challenged by those who in- the two appendices. We ,wish evil, like intoxicating drink, that terpret the Bible differently; there might have been more of is destroying and degrading our but the author's spirit is irenic his messages on Bible truths, on youth." and not controversial. the Christian solution of social problems, and on mission work The Case Against Japan. By Charles ARTHUR J. BROWN. for Jews and Gentiles. The R. Shepherd. 242 pp. $2.50. Daniel chapter on "The Closing Years" Ryerson, Inc., New York, 1938. The Life of John McDowell. By A. was written by Dr. Charles J. Chester Mann. Illus. 12 Mo. 139 Turck, a fellow worker with Dr. If, as is commonly believed, pp. $1.50. The Westminster Press, McDowell in the Board of Chris- Japanese bureaus of informa- Philadelphia, 1938. tian Education. Those who read tion in America send to Tokyo these brief chapters will be in- copies of all publications here True stories of personal spired with new courage in the that deal with Japan, one may heroism and sacrificial service face of difficulties, and new safely assume that this volume have a strong appeal for read- loyalty to high Christian ideals will not be permitted to go outers of all ages. Here is a re- and methods in social and eco- side beyond the censor's office. markable record of a young boy nomic life. It is exactly what its title sugwho overcame serious handicaps gests, and is a tremendously and became an honored Chris- Alcohol-Its Physiological and Psy- strong "Case against Japan." tian leader in America, receiv- chological Effects and Their Social The author has had ample oping the highest honors his Consequences. By Mary Lewis Reed, portunity to ascertain the facts Church could confer. Boys will R. N. 15 cents each. $10.00 per since he was formerly professor be interested to learn how he be- thousand. Published by the Author. of history in Graves Theological came proficient in tennis-with 468 Fourth Ave., New York. 193-7. Seminary, Canton. He has travone arm; preachers will be in- eled extensively in China and terested in his victory over Christian missions are an or- was there in 1936 when the J apa stammering tongue; social ganized endeavor to save men anese landed a large force of workers will find much to learn and women by the power of the marines and personally witin McDowell's ideas and ideals Spirit of God. Alcohol, as a bevas to economics and social jus- erage, is the devil's choice tool tice.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 5581 nessed their depredations. He uously to raise the standard of carryon this work to an unusual rightly considers that the con- degree. This book shows how flict now being waged is not the musical appreciation and to add this has been accomplished. Dr. beginning but rather the cul- Chisholm has made an outstandmination of a long series of ag- reverence and beauty to the ing record as a physician and gressions. He therefore devotes has been elected a Fellow of the the first part of his volume to a ministry of sacred song. American College of Surgeons concise survey of the historical but his chief interest is not the antecedents of the present situa- In a book of this limited com- curing of men's bodies, importion. He recounts the Japanese tant as that work is, but the occupation of Korea and Man- pass the treatment of historical healing of their souls through churia, the notorious Twenty- the preaching of the Gospel of one Demands, the attack on material must necessarily be out- the Lord Jesus Christ. To a stu- Shanghai in 1932, and other dent of missions the book is of . events. Then he proceeds to de- lined, yet the selection has been interest in showing how a misscribe the "undeclared war" now sion hospital can and should be, in progress. He vividly pictures made with unusual skill and not only closely united with the the ruthlessness of the Japanese, evangelistic work of the whole their indiscriminate slaughter of there is a valuable bibliography mission station but should itself helpless civilians, their abuse of become a center of active evanwomen, and the baselessness of for those who wish to make gelism, and the means of foundthe specious reasons they ad- ing new churches in hitherto unvance to justify their course. It more extended study. In com- reached districts through the is a gruesome story, and frank- contacts made with the patients. ly ex parte, but it is buttressed mon with most intelligent stu- The book reveals anew the possiby uncontrovertible facts, and bilities in personal work, even in by citations from official docu- dents in this field Mrs. Adams the most difficult conditions and ments that are of historic rec- it will furnish another link in ord. The indignant protest of deplores the flood of superficial the long and well tested chain of the author sometimes verges on evidence to the supernatural life the declamatory, and he uses too and transient hymns which and power inherent in the Word many lurid adjectives, but it is of God. hard to be moderate and judicial have appeared in recent popular in writing about the crowning This vivid record of a physiatrocity of this generation. collections and calls attention to cian's experiences deserves a wide circulation among young ARTHUR J. BROWN. the unquestioned fact that only people. They will be attracted by the well told narratives and Studies in Hymnology. By Mrs. hymns which are rooted in the it should arouse new interest in Crosby Adams. 96 pp. $1.00. the cause of Christian missions. Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn., Scripture have permanence and Seeing souls reclaimed through 1938. the Gospel are the rich rewards spiritual value. of a life given to the proclama- An important contribution to tion of Christ in the non-Christhe growing literature on hym- A variety of settings of the tian lands. nology is this highly informing volume by Mrs. Adams. While Twenty-third Psalm used by the T. STANLEY SOLTAU. prepared as a textbook for study classes, it should have a wider Church during the centuries are "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the mission in broadening musical China Inland Mission. Dr. and intelligence among all Christian a striking feature of the book Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illus. 8 vo. groups. Pastors, choir leaders, 364 pp. $1.25. China Inland Mischurch officers and all who have and well illustrate the eternal sion. Philadelphia, Pa. 1938. to do with the service of worship will find here a wealth of vitality of the earliest manual of "There were grants in those valuable material-in fact, an in- days" when the China Inland troduction to Christian hymnol- praise. HUGH R. MONRO. Mission was born. Here is the ogy. The spiritual discernment story of fifty years of work of and sympathy with which Mrs. Vivid Experiences in Korea. By Dr. the Mission in North America, Adams deals with the great mu- W. Chisholm. IIlus. 146 pp. and of Henry W. Frost, for most sical heritage of the Church is $1.00. Bible Institute Colportage of that time the efficient Home the reflection of a lifetime of Assn., Chicago. 1938. Director for North America. It rich musical and cultural asso- is a remarkable, intimate story, ciations as author, composer, For fifteen years Dr. Chisholm well told, showing the rewards teacher and lecturer. She has has been a member of the Chosen of faith and courage, the labors won a high place in that devoted Mission of the Presbyterian of love and the reality of God's group who have labored assid- Church in the U. S. A. He has guidance and power. Much of been living in Syenchun, North this story is gathered from Dr. Chosen, where the work has seen such a remarkable development. The book is both a strong apolo- getic for medical missions and a splendid spiritual tonic as well.

Dr. Chisholm has written in a graphic conversational style which is easy reading and gives the reader many interesting glimpses of Korean country life, as well as some of the joys and discomforts which are the lot of any missionary engaged in coun- try itineration. The suggestive portrayals of various phases of native life and of Christian ac- tivities.

One of the outstanding fea- tures of the work of the Presby- terian Mission in Korea has been the emphasis placed upon per- sonal evangelism as the duty of every missionary and of every native Christian. All mission institutions, including hospitals and schools, have been used to

Frost's autobiographical notes, made by non-Catholics) that aids of coercion and punishment. letters and other records. . . . Far better is it to defend "the Protestants were as bad," the truth by loving, exploring, Henry W. Frost was born in declaring and obeying it, than Detroit, Michigan, of godly par- the writer demonstrates that by rousing against it, through ents; was graduated from the imposition of restraint, the Princeton; went into business persecution of Catholics by Prot- enmity of the rebel and the still and politics and then into work more subtle enmity of the cowfor God and the China Inland estants differed at vital points ard and the hypocrite." Mission. Here is a story of God's dealings. with the Mission from persecution the other way KENNETH J. FOREMAN. and the man; of the lessons he learned; of his growing faith about. Not only was persecu- Out of the East. India's Search for and courage and the fruitage in God. By Wm. A. Stanton. Illus. the work. It is a spiritual his- tion (where it existed) by Prot- 192 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell tory and is rich in spiritual les- Co. New York. 1938. sons to Mission Boards, to estants less severe than by churches and to individuals. Dr. With a knowledge of the In- Frost, and his wife as well, are Catholics, but it was evoked by dian people developed through shown in their quiet gentleness; forty years of missionary servtheir loving, sacrificial service, Catholic aggression, prompted ice in South India, a clear mind, their humble faith, and cheerful a warm heart and a graphic pen, obedience. The growth of the by Catholic example, was will- Dr. Stanton describes India's China Inland Mission has been search for God as he has witremarkable. Its record is in- ingly discontinued, and on prin- nessed it. The author and his spiring. There are rewarding wife went out under the Ameriglimpses of such men as J. Hud- ciple cannot be renewed. As to can Baptist Board in 1892 and son Taylor, D. L. Moody, Wm. J. settled among the Telugus where Erdman, and others. Those who past and present the evidence is there has been such a remarkread this history will find their able response to the Christian faith strengthened, their ideals irresistible. As to the future message. of service elevated, and their spiritual life stimulated. policies and probabilities, all as- Dr. Stanton sees the dire need of India for Christ and he notes Roman Catholicism and Freedom. sertions must naturally be a signs of the religious hunger of By Cecil John Cadoux, M.A.Oxon., the Hindus. He has seen the Hon. D. D. Edin, Professor of matter of opinion; but where great Christward movement of Church History at Mansfield Col- the Untouchables and its influ- lege, Oxford University. Third this is based solidly on the anal- ence on the Sudras. He is con- Edition with additional notes. 201 vinced of the fact that the only pages. 5 shillings net. Independ- ogy of past and present experi- abiding and transforming re- ent Press. London. sults in mission work come ence, and the likelihood that through the work of the spirit This is a book you will seldom of God. see advertised and very seldom basic principles will not be abanreviewed, for reasons which the After a general description of author himself points out. It is doned, the argument is sound. India and its modern progress, a frank warning against the Ro- Dr. Stanton gives the evidence man Catholic Church, not by And such a base this argument of India's search for God as seen some fanatical irresponsible in their Hindu sacred books and pamphleteer but by a professor has. Dr. Cadoux makes a strong in their religious worship. He of Church history in one of the tells of the awakening of the world's greatest universities. He case, virtually incontestable. His outcastes and among caste peogives a factual record of the Ro- ples, of the rescue of Indian man Catholic Church's deliber- thesis is that since Rome's the- womanhood and of the upheaval ate and official opinion, during in Bengal. Then he very effecthe nineteenth century, on the ory of infallibility and of the tively tells the stories of some subject of persecution; together Christian converts from Hinduwith the evidence of actual perse- right to persecute remain the ism-Dr. K. C. Banurji, Naracution practiced by that Church yan Vaman Tilak, Pandita Rain areas as widely scattered as same (except that the death pen- mabai and Sadhu Sundar Singh. Malta, Ireland and Madagascar. Here is an excellent book for No medireval bogies are resur- alty may not again be invoked), reading circles and for mission rected; the illustrations are con- study classes. temporary. Catholic propagan- wherever Rome gains power she da is likewise described, in many The difference of race contributes forms. Against the retort (often will again attempt to crush out to the richness of the world. There is no ground for assigning intrinsic all other forms of religious faith. superiority of one race over another. -Sir Walter Moberly, London. Notes bringthis third edition up to date, answering some of the criticisms leveled at earlier edi- tions,and paying attention to the relation of the Roman Church to events in Spain and Abyssinia.

While the writer's special inter- est is naturally in Great Britain, and although the Catholic popu- lation of the United States is still a minority, the warning is not less important for us. If the entire case is as mildly put as in the points where the writer crosses the reviewer's knowl- edge, the book is certainly an un- derstatement rather than an exaggeration. The basic and es- sential point however is not a matter of individual incidents but of fundamental principles.

The difference between Catholic and Protestant here is well ex- pressed (p. 123).: "If Catholics have in their dogmas the faith they profess, they ought to be willing to trust to the power of their truth to cthoenveinxcteranmeoeun~ without needing

Reed Honored The Printed Page is a

The name of Mary Reed of that never tires, never flinches, never grows disheartened. Chandag Heights, India, is high- It travels cheaply and works while others sleep. ly hOlored, especially among friends of the lepers. She will The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems be 84 years of age on December 4th, and her birthday will be cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and interdenominawidely celebrated. From many tional Committees on the field is subsidizing the production of lands messages of love and ap- Christian literature for many lands and in several languages. preciation for her fifty-five years of missionary service will come Will you help to meet the challenge of increasing opportunities to to this white-haired heroine who send the Gospel in print to Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, India, Iran? learned forty-eight years ago tliat she had contracted leprosy REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., President while serving as a missionary of MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, Honorary Vice President the Methodist Episcopal Church. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, First Vice President Instead of bewailing her lot, REV. THOMAS S. DONOHUGH, Second Vice President Miss Reed returned to India to REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.O., Cor. Secretary serve the lepers. God answered MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Treasurer her prayer and the disease was arrested so that she has been Make checks payable to the American Christian Literature Soable to spend nearly a half cen- ciety for Moslems, and send them to the Treasurer, Room 1019, tury in this service-and with- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. out a furlough. In America there will be celebrations of the anni- lB. Lesson Books, Scholar's Read- Dannie and the Alabaster Box. Conversary at Lowell and other ing Book, 2d., Scholar's Questions, stance Savery. 62 pp. 9d. Picker- Ohio towns associated with Miss 1d. S. P. G. London. ing & Inglis. London. Reed. A commemorative tablet is to be placed on the site of her Everyday Life in India. Two Outline For This Cause. Inabelle Graves birthplace and home at Lowell. Friezes. 18. S. P. G. London. Coleman. 199 pp. Pamphlet. 25 A dramatization of episodes in cents. Boardman Press. Nashville. Miss Reed's life has been pre- Let Us Build. P. E. Burroughs. 154 pared by Miss Lulu Irwin, Mid- pp. 60 cents. Broadman Press. Gateway to Tibet. Robert E. Ekvall, west secretary of the American Nashville. F.R.G.S. 198 pp. Christian Publi- Mission to Lepers. Ganga Ram, cations. Harrisburg, Pa. one of Miss Reed's India boys, Himself. The Autobiography of a writes: "Miss Reed educated me Hindu Lady. From a Classic in Joe Lives in the City. Jeanette Perand taught me to trust and know Marathi. By Ramabai Ranade. kins Brown. 36 pp. 25 cents. IlIus. God, the Father of us all. My Translated by Katherine Van Akin Friendship Press. New York. daily life speaks of her good Gates. 252 pp. $2.00. Longmans, teaching and glorifies the name Green & Co. New York. Report of the Keswick Convention. of our Saviour." 1938. 308 pp. 28. 6d. paper, 48. Annual Report of the China Inland boards. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- New Books Mission. 1938. Edited by L. T. don. Lyall. 110 pp. C. I. M. Phila- Calendars-Young Folks Calendar; delphia. ' The Meaning of Moody. P. Whitwell Grace and Truth; Daily Manna; Wilson. 157 pp. $1.50. Revell. 18 ea.; Golden Grain Daily Medi- The Christ. A. Wendell Ross. A Ne,! York. 'tation, lB. 6d.; Golden Terx;t, lB. 3d. Harmonized Study of the Gospel Daily Light Almanac, 13hd.; Our Records. 222 pp. $2.00. Fleming No Speedier Way. Golden Jubilee of Home Almanac, 1d.; The Bible H. Revell Co. New York. the Christian Literature Society of Almanac, 2d. Pickering & Inglis. China, 1887-1937. 144 pp. $1.20. London. AdvlE'ntures of Service. Stories of Christian Literature Soc. Shanghai. modern Pioneers. D. M. Gill and The Directory of World Missions. A. M. Pullen. 127 pp. $1.00 cloth, Out of the East. India's Search for Edited by Joseph I. Parker. 255 pp. 50 cents paper. Friendship Press. God. William A. Stanton. 192 pp. $2.00. International Missionary! New York. $1.50. Revell. New York. Council. London and New York. Blue Skies. Louise Harrison McCraw. The Presbyterians. The Story of a Indian Uplands. Some Stories of the 262 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Pub. Staunch and Sturdy People. Wil- Church in Chota Nagpur. Edward House. Grand Rapids.' liam Thompson Hansche. 194 pp. H. Whitley. 67 pp. S. P. G. Lon- $1.25. Westminster Press. Phila. don. Bird 'Voices, ,sonnets, Battle-Dore. William Bacon Evans. 68 pp. 25 A Sari for Sita. Nina Millen. 36 pp. Indian Brothers. Story Lessons for cents. Friends Book Store. Phila. 25 cents. IlIus. Friendship Press. Little Children. Dorothy Meadows. New York. 31 pp. S. P. G. London. "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland – Mission. 364 pp. Tales from Many Lands. Stories for Conquest of the Jungle. Stories of $1.25. China Inland Mission. Phila. Juniors. IlIus. 127 pp. 50 cents. the Kingdom of God in Chota Morehouse-Gorham. New York. Nagpur. Dorothy Harris. 70 pp. A History of the Expansion of Chris- tianity. Vol. II. Kenneth Scott Tales from India. Basil Mathews. Latourette. 492 pp. $6.00. Har- 96 pp. 50 cents paper, $1.00 cloth. per & Bros. New York. IlIus. Friendship Press. New York.

~ ~bri~tma~ ~ift ~uggt~tfon

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1927

A FAMILY IN WESTERN MEXICO – FRIENDLY AND LAW

Pure Linens Pure quality in Linens is the corner~stone upon which McCutcheon's has built its reputation as "The Treasure House of Fine Linens in America." And every woman who appreciates beauty of design in Linens knows that she will find here merchandise to meet her taste. Exquisite patterns in Table Damasks, the latest novelties in Fancy Linens, handsome Towels as well as simple or elaborately embroidered Sheets and Pillow Cases await her selection.

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Dept. No. 20 …,,~~ New York HARTFORD' Big SEMINARY FOUNDATION Dividends Theological Seminary School of Religious Education can be secured during your life- Kennedy School of Missions time and you can help spread the Gospel at the same time. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Investigate A UNIVERSITY <>f religion. Three separate schools of Christian training grouped on one Annuity Agreements campus. The Theological Seminary trains tor the ministry j the School Qf Missions for the Addr… , foreign field; the School of Religious Education tor the lay worker and teacher and for social W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mi,. service. Courses In any ot the three schools sions and Church Extension 0/ the Methodist EpilCoare open to all students. Thus opportunity is pal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.• or ot'tered {or full-rounded religious edu.cation. Morri. W. Ebne., Treasurer. Board 0/ Foreign Hartford Seminary Foundation Is located In Misoion. of the Methodist EpilCopaJ Oiurch. 150 the center of the intellectual and cultural life Filth Avenue. New York, N. Y. of New England, half way between Boston and New York.

A series of handsome and 'Well-appointed buildings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in its section oi the country. The Case Memorial Library containing 125,000 vQlumes is tor the use of the three schools. This is one of the riohest theological libraries in the country. The faculty is composed of twenty-eight scholarly men and wo·mE3n who have attained distinction in their respective fields.

HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Hartford, Cnnneetieu.t Please mention THEl' MrS8IONABY REVIEW OF THE WOBLD In writing to adv;rtisers~ THE MISSIONAR Y Review 0 f the WorId DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edilor CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1927 P'1ge :PRONTISPIEOE.-A FAMILY I" WESTERK :IE""lCO-FRIENDLY AKD LAW ABlDl"G EDITORIALS •.•.•…………………•…………………………….. l!i5 ASIA's GREAT NEED AND THE NEED OF ALL ME>I LoOKING AROUND A.."1D LOOKING Up CHINA IN BOXER 'l'IMES AND TODAY A WORLD .OONFERENCE ON JEWISH VORK FRESH IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT E. SPEER 173 A report of some interviews, observations and conclusions on the fcccnt visit and conferences with missionary workers.

MEXICO FROM WITHIN …………………•……..•. NORMAN W. TAYLOR 181 Ji'ir.,t·hand view of the political and reiigiou., .'ill/ation in Mexico, Munter- balanci'1J,g some false reports.

MEXICO BEFORE A];l) AFTER THE REVOLUTIO;f . . . . . . . . W,LL,AM WALLACE 186 An interesting account of the infiuenc·e of the political di.,turbance on Christian missioMry work in the Republic, by a missionary of long experi.ence.

IN MEXICO, FAR FROM THE BEATEN TRAOKS ……….. ETHEL R. DOOTOR 193 Light on Mexican people of the interior who have been helped by contact with eva'1J,gelical Christian workm·s.

CAN YOU BEAT THE DUTOH~ …………………….. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 195 A remarkable record of some things that have been accomplished by Dutch "hurches i'1J, the Middle-West – a stimulating example for all A meritan Chris- tians.

NO HOPE FOR AMERICA, EXCEPT- …………………. JOHN McDOWELL 197 The report of an addre8s at the Home Mission., Conference ;,n Philadelphia showing the only way in which America can build up a strong, national life.

THE HUMAN FACTOR IN OOAL MINING ……………….. FRED H. RINDGE 199 The story of what has been a"complwhed in 80me mining communities by ..ocial service workers of the Y. M. C. A.

A STORY OF CHANGES IN NEW GUINEA……. .RUSSELL W. ABEL 203 An account of rmnarkable transformations that !wve taken place in one ge'!,era- tion among former cannibals and ignorant sat'ages of the South Seas.

AN UNKNOWN CHINESE CHRISTIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT GILLIES 214 THE OLD, OLD STORY IN TURKEY …. …………… …… 215 "WHAT CHRIST MEANS TO ME" ………………… By KOREAN STUDENTS 216 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION" BULLETIN …… EDITF"!) BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 218 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 221 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ….. . 224 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubB of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by M,SSIONARY REVIEW PUBf.ISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer. President Wm. 1. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fiftb Avenue, Pa. 25c .. copy. $2.50 .. year. New York City Entered as second-class matter at tbe Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. THE MlSSIONARY REVIEW Do You Know? ANNUAL MEETING In what book of the Bible the rrhe annual meertjng of the Company was Sermon on the Mount appear.? beld at 156 }'lfth ArcHue, New York, Thurs· day afternoon, February 10th, at 3 0 'cloek. Who com-…ded the Sun aad Moon to stand atill? The treasurer's report showed net assets amounting to $38,701. The expenses for Whowaa the firat Kingof brael? 1926 amount to $31,743.89. These expenses were met by income from adverbsing, sub· FREE-Sendfor this scripHons, sales and. by donations to the 5-minute Bible Test Maintenance and Promotion Fund. The last item amounted to $8,600 and was contributed Find out if your Bible by Mission Boards and friends of the RE· knowledge is what it VIEW. These contributions p:tade it possible ought to be. A complete to put the magazine into the hands of over grasp of the Testaments 500 ministers in small churches in America comesonly from directed and to send it to missionaries in 500 fron· tier stations on foreign fields. study. The 34.000 stu- The Secretary called attention to many dents who have taken interesting facts connected with the history Moody Bible Institute of the R,EVIElW and it was voted that a Jubilee Number be printed, reviewing the Home Study Courses are because or the m. progress of missicms at home and abroa(l dnring the past fifty years. happier, better men and women Ten courses-non..sectarian-one suited to the The President's address called attention ~~:db~rist~~!~~,~t,!n~:p~ise~e=t h~'!: to the present critical situaHon in many much Biblical knowledge helps you in simple, mission lands, and to the need for a thor· everyday affairs. Send fOT Ollr free 5-minute ough knowledge of these condiHons and of the progress of Christian missions, such as ~~~:u!~~·p.SeMa~t ~~d~:~r knowledge is given through the R'EVIEW. MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE The following were ejected members of the Board of Directors for the year 1927: CORRESPONDENCE~CHOOL Dept. 4e8t 153 IDotit"te Pl.,,';; (:hlcago. HI.

Moody Bible Institute II Dept. 4&8' 153 Institute Place, Chicago, IlL Please send me, Fre:c, your 5 Minute Bible Test. No obligation.

Harlan P. Beaeb Walter McDougall ; ~::~e~.~~~.~:.:::::.::::::.:::::.::::::::::::::::::::…. II Name …………………………………………………………..

Samuel MeDrea Cavert }~ric North William 1. Chamberlain Delavan L, Pierson t…:=..:-:;::.:::::~~.::~.~.::.~.~J Frederick L. Colver }'Ieming H. R<"t'll ~{rs. E. O. Cronk Robert E. Speer Charles L. Wllite Respectfully submitted, OBITUARY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, PROFESSOR Wn.LIAM H. HALL, for twer>ty Secretary. four years head of the preparatory school of the American University of Beirut, died in * .. * Beirut early in January, aged fifty·five.

PERSONALS DR. MARY HANNAH FuLTON, Presbyterian medical mi,ssionary in China from 1884, REV. JAMES ,CANTlNE, D.D" of the United until her resignation on ar.count of impaired Mission in Mesopotamia, founder of two health in 1918, died January 7th at Los missions to Moslems, has been given by his Angeles, ,California. Until only a few years Board the status, of I' Missionary Emeritus, ' , ago, it could be said that aU the Chinese since the health of Mrs. Cantine makes it women physicians in South China were improbable that they will be able to re- trained by either her or her students. turn to Iraq at present. Dr. Cantina also has been e,jeeted secretary of the American .* * Christian Literature Society for Moslems. ELEANOR·S. ADAAiS (Mrs. Joseph S.), a * * * ., beloved missionary wife and mother of the American Baptist Mission, entered into her BISHOP GILMAN, of the Protestant Episco· heavenly rest in Kuling, China, in October. pal Church in Hanko"" China, on his recent She was seventy years of age and had been departure for America was presented with for fifty years a missionary in China. a silver shield be<aring an inscription, whidt expressed the grabtude of "the WllChang Chamber of Commerce and representatives of thirty myriads of snffering people" for the help he had given during the siege of W,uchang.

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VOL. MARCH, 1927 NUMBER L THREE ASIA'S GREAT NEED-AND THE NEED OF ALL MEN I F EVER a country needed all that Christ can do for nations and their people that country is China today_ There is no accepted united government. Hundreds of thousands of men are in armies employed by ambitious military leaders for their own aggrandizement, and supported by money extorted from the people or diverted from the railroads which are falling into ruin. The best schools of the Government are closed for want of support and their teachers and students are scattered. There are strong and worthy national impulses, but they have not yet found any adequate expression or leadership. The old order is broken down and no new order has taken its place. Yet the fields and rivers of China are there and the Chinese people are there, and no matter what happens to government or to ancient institutions and ideas, China and the Chinese will remain. They need help more than words can tell. While there are many misunderstandings in China and about China and while there have been and may be again anti-foreign outbreaks, either with or without justification, the worst of all misunderstandings would be the idea that China does not need Christianity and is not ready to accept it wherever and whenever it is preached in truth and love.

The need and opportunity are as real, in their own measure, in .Japan and Korea. Dr. William E. Griffis, who at the age of eighty- 1wo recently returned to visit Japan after an absence of more than fifty years, says that one of his first sights in Japan in the early days was a long line of men and women and children, dressed in red (the criminal color) being led off to prison, for the crime of being Christians. There is no such crime in Japan today. Christianity is one of the most clearly recognized and deeply respected forces in the Empire. Multitudes who have not yet embraced it openly and individually, nevertheless see in it the only hope of the country.

From our recent visit to Eastern Asia, we have seen more clear- 165

ly than ever that the mightiest forces are the simplest. There is nothing that we can do to refashion the nations and the world that will be of as great avail as the winning of individuals one by one to Christ and gathering them together into Christian churches which will support and propagate themselves. The world may smile at this idea now as it did in Saint Paul's time, but we know that the power of God for saving men is today just what it was then and that the Gospel, which is the "Good News" of that power; is unchanged. Christian missiOllS rest on this basis. They cannot endure or prevail on any other.

There ought not to be any standing still or going back in our missionary work now. All that is needed and that can be wisely and efficiently used ought to be provided. The lack of adequate support for this great enterprise causes us to view the situat.ion with deep concern. A whole-hearted response on the part of the entire Church must be made if the needed funds are to be supplied. Will you help?

R. E. S.

LOOKING AROUND AND LOOKING UP A STUDY of world conditions brings a feeling of uncertainty, if not of discouragement. Whichever way we look-to China, India, Moslem lands, Russia, European nations, Americawe see unrest, conflict, suspicion, worldliness and crime-sins against. God and man. This is not all we see, for there is good as well as evil, but when we look up and see God, when we remember what He has done and what He has promised, then, only, have we ground for confidence in the future because of what He can and will do.

We need to study earthly conditions, human needs and resources at our disposal, but there is more reason to study God and His program and resources. Mankind, as a whole, and even members of the Church of Christ, show a lack of understanding of God and sympathy with Him. We need to pray that all His children may be brought into full harmony with His will.

This need is finding expression. Christian women of many lands observed February 19th as a world-wide day of prayer; the Federal Council of Churches of Christ has recently issued a general can to prayer on world issues, especially in regard to the relations of America with China, Mexico, Nicaragua and Europe. A large part of one session at the Foreign Missions Conference in January was devoted to specific prayer for a spiritual revival. While we pray for China and Mexico and Russia, we must pray for ourselves-that, as Christians, we may be more Christ-like; that the Church may realize more clearly the need of all men for Christ; that Christians may be ready to sacrifice more that others may know Christ; that followers of Christ may be one as the Son and His Father are one; that there may be no compromise with evil j that every hindrance

J EDI'l'ORIAL COMMEN'fS

to Christ's full possession of us may be removed. Surely there is need of more loyalty to God; there is need of clearer vision, and more definite purpose; there is need for purification from sordid selfishness and for an inflow and an outflow of spiritual power.

Many see in the present world-wide confusion and turmoil signs that the days of tribulation are at hand for the Church. If so, they will be days of purification, not of destruction. The life that is from God cannot die. The churches and missions in China may suffer, but opposition and persecution will not destroy those that have Life. Who can estimate what might happen if Christians all over the world would unite in earnest prayer for a clearer understanding of God and His plans 7 It is a time to undergird all the work and the workers with prayer individually and collectively. Family and personal prayer need to be reestablished and made more vital in our homes.

Have church members today forgotten how to pray7 In how many midweek services are the petitions definite, expectant and united 7 What a revival might come if Christian church members ('ould truly agree in public worship and in group prayer touching things relating to the progress of God's Kingdom-and if each would do his or her part in seeking to establish that Kingdom!

In Board meetings and in conventions is enough time devoted to definite, earnest, intelligent, believing prayed Many costly mis- takes might be avoided in policies adopted, in workers selected and in money expended if these activities were more prayer-filled. New wisdom and power from Above might make effective our organized enterprises if we were more truly full partners with God and if He directed them all.

The history of the Church has been full of noteworthy specific answers to prayer-in the call of workers, the supply of funds, the breaking down of barriers, the opening of doors, the empowering of the messengers, the awakening of men to a sense of sin, the purification of the Church, and the quickening of men and women to true spiritual life and to effective sacrificial service.

The need for prayer today is greater than the need for armies and navies; the need for whole-hearted surrender to God's will is far greater than the need for more money for church enterprises; a fuller understanding of God's ideals and methods is infinitely more important than a comprehension of human theories of "complex" and new experiments in secular education. Do we really take God into accounH Are we willing, first of all, to bring ourselves into perfect harmony with Him and His program? While there is need to be informed as to the conditions around us, there is greater need to "look up" that we may see things from the Father's viewpoint. This comes through prayer and the study of His Word.

CHINA IN BOXER TIMES AND TODAY rrWENTY-SEVEN years ago there to~k place the Boxer up- rising against Christianity and all foreigners in China. Its mo- tive and plan were radically different from the motive and pro- gram of the present disturbance. Then, the authority of one Manchu dynasty was recognized over the whole "Middle 'Kingdom"; today, three or four contending factions have divided the Republic of China into separate armed camps. In 1900, ignorance and superstition caused the Chinese to determine to rid themselves of "foreign devils" and their religion; today, national pride and ambition are appealed to by students trained in modern schools and by military leaders drilled by modern methods, to make China an independent nation, free from foreign domination and "imperialistic" interference.

The change that has taken place in this quarter of a century is shown clearly by comparing one of the utterances of the Cantonese Foreign Minister, Eugene Chen, or of Marshal Chang Tso-lin, war lord of the North, with the following edict issued in 1900 and posted in many parts of China at the command of the government: A "SACRED EDICT"

Issued by the Lord of Wealth and Happiness The Catholic and Protestant religions, being insolent to the gods and extinguishing sanctity, rending no obedience to Buddhism and enraging both heaven and earth, the rain clouds no longer visit us; but 8,000,000 spirit soldiers will descend from heaven and sweep the empire clean of all foreigners. Then will the gentle showers once more water our lands i and when the tread of soldiers and the clash of steel are heard, heralding wars to all our people, then the Buddhists' patriotic League of Boxers will be able to protect the empire and bring peace to all its people.

Hasten then to spread this doctrine far and wide; for if you gain one adherent to the faith, your own person will be absolved from all future misfortunes. If you gain five adherents to the faith, your whole family will be absolved from all evils; and if you gain ten adherents to the faith, your whole village will be absolved from .all calamities. Those who gain no adherents to the cause shall be decapitated;. for until all foreigners have been exterminated, the rain can never visit us. Those who have been so unfortunate as to have drunk water from the wells poisoned by foreigners should at once make use of the following divine prescription, the ingredients of which are to be decocted and swallowed and then the poisoned patient will recover.

Dried black plums ………..•……………………… half an ounce. Salanum dulcamara ……………………………….. half an ounce. Licorice root …………………………………….. half an ounce.

It is estimated that over 200,000 copies of these edicts were distributed in Tientsin in June, 1900. Only the prompt arrival of the European troops prevented a massacre of foreigners.

Other Boxer proclamations issued by district magistrates in Shantung Province, were posted at all the public markets, towns, and villages. The following is a· sample:

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The village elders, policemen, and others in every town and village are hereby informed that in accordance with the Governor's instruction the rise of the Boxers is solely in consequence of emnity to the Christians. Consequently in every place Christians are being killed and Christian churches burned.

Foreigners living in the interior are unable to protect themselves and are in confusion escaping to distant places. All the Christians are my children; if they will change, they will still remain subjects of the Pure Kingdom. Every Christian may secure protection for himself and his family by disowning the Christian religion. Each one should voluntarily fly to the magistrate and give bonds never again to have anything to do with the Christian Church.

All who refuse to give the necessary security within three days will bring upon themselves the risk of calamity and loss of life. Christian chapels, houses, and furniture will be confiscated unless robbed and burned by the Boxers.

Let all earnestly heed this special proclamation.

The man employed to cut the wooden type for the above proclamation was a relative of some of the Ohristians and secretly gave them notice so t?at all who could escape might do so.

Today the armies in Ohina are not depending on inca.ntations and immunity from foreign bullets to give them victory, but are using Vestern guns, airplanes and modern military tactics. The leaders in Ohina are seeking, through diplomacy and new treaties, to establish peace with foreigners. No unarmed foreigner has been deliberately killed during this disturbance. The Ohinese wish to maintain friendly relations with other nations and will welcome Ohristian teachers and churches when convinced that they are not imperialistic and anti-Ohinese.

The progress of Ohristianity has always been marked by saerifice. In all ages since the Christian Era began there have been those who have misunderstood Jesus Christ and His mission of love; others have been jealous of His growing power. His messengers may suffer and die, as their Lord Himself suffered and died, but the" gates of hell" themselves cannot prevail against His Church. Nothing can withstand the progress of the Heavenly Father's Kingdom of Righteousness and Truth and Love. The Living Seed has been sown in Ohina and will live and grow there, as it lived and grew in the Roman Empire in spite of politieal and religious persecution. More Chinese came into the Ohristian Church in the deeade following the Boxer uprising than had come in during the preceding century. The physical equipment of missions in China may be destroyed or confiscated (though we do not believe it will be so to any large extent), but spiritual life in Christ cannot be destroyed. That will abide and will find yet larger expression in China.

Great armies are fighting a civil warfare and at the same time all factions are seeking to 'throw off foreign control. As a result, forces have been let IOQse that are uncontrolled-unpaid soldiers,

loot-seeking bandits and unthinking mobs. Some missions have necessarily been closed on account of local conditions and some missionaries have left their inland stations, on the advice of foreign consuls, and have gone to treaty ports. They have left their posts, not from fear for their own safety, or deserting their work in time of danger, hut in the interest of peace. Foreigners in isolated stations are natmally objects of enmity to Chinese mobs and are causes of international complications in times of warfare.

There is, however, no good ground for the reports of alarmists that "a hundred million dollars worth of American mission property will be destroyed or confiscated," that Christian missions, generally, "'ill be closed and that the progress of Christianity is doomed in China. 'Vhen other nations have been turned upside down in the past, Christian work has been hindered temporarily, but human opposition and turmoil has never been able to stop the onward progress of the cause of Christ. Not one tenth of the missionaries have thus far left their stations and most of those who have left are women and children who are not able to endure the hardships of warfare. Of the thirty-six Presbyterian missions, only one has been closed and that, in South Hunan, temporarily. No property has been reported wrecked or confiscated in their thirty-six stations and over one thousand outstations. Most of the schools, colleges and hospitals of all the missions are still open. Missionaries generally urge their governments to negotiate new treaties, and to adopt a policy of conciliation toward China-a policy actuated not by fear but by justice, confidence, and friendliness. A cable dispatch from the China Christian Council in Shanghai says "The future offers enlarged opportunity for Christian service in China."

It has been stated that many Chinese Christians are reverting to Buddhism or atheism. Th'ere is no evidence or fear of this. Some students of mission schools may be influenced by communistic propaganda to attack foreign institutions and to make unreasonable demands, but the great bulk of Chinese Christians may be counted on to stand true to their faith, in the face of temptation and danger, as they stood true in the days of the Boxer uprising.

WORLD CONFEREINCE ON JEWISH WORK W HEN the World Missionary Conference was held in" Edin- burgh in 1910, work for the Jews was not given any definite place on the program. As the conference progressed the necessity of giving special consideration to this vitally important field of missionary enterprise was recognized, and it was decided to call a special conference on Jewish work when it could be most advantageously arranged. Then the war broke out and all plans were postponed indefinitely. In the meantime great changes have been taking place in Jewish life, and the need and urgency of a common

EDl'fORIAL COMMENTS

policy and program for the evangelical churches of Christendom in their approach to the Jews have found frequent expression.

In response tv this general desire the International Missionary Council has arranged for two conferences to be held in Eastern Europe in .April. The first conference will be held in Budapest .April 7-13, and the second conference in Warsaw .April 19-25. .At these conferences a fresh study will be made of the Jewish situation throughout the world at the present time, the responsibilities of the Christian Church in the work of Jewish evangelization, and the most effective means of Christian approach.

These conferences should be held in Eastern Europe because that has been the center of Jewish gravity for centuries. Nine of the fifteen millions of Jews in the world live in these lands. It is there that the Jews are most Jewish and Judaism is seen in its most orthodox form. From there many of the Jews in other parts of Europe and of the world have emigrated. Three million of the four million Jews in .America have the Eastern Europe background. It is there tha:t the .Jew can be studied as he really is, and it is there that the problems which the Christian Church must face in its service for the Jews can be most definitely considered.

There are special reasons why Christian leaders feel that the present is a most opportune time for a consideration of work for the Jews. In almost every civilrzed land there have been manifestations of antisemitism. The Jews have been singled out as an undesirable element in the life of the nations. While the old days of repression, persecution, and denial of civil and political rights have passed, they are yet being subjected to much suspicion, ill will and discrimination. Even in America there has been a very definite antisemitic propaganda. This is one of the few lands of the earth where Jews felt reasonably sure of the continued enjoyment of liberty and justice. They are now ill at ease and less sure of their position. It is surely time for all Christian Churches to rebuke intolerance, and instruct their members to interpret to Jews the Christian spirit in terms of sympathy and kindness.

Then there is today a widespread revolt of the Jewish people against traditional Judaism. The old Talmudical religion is no longer taken seriously by the Jewish masses. They are neglecting the synagogue and are looking elsewhere–in Socialism or in some modern cult-for satisfaction. Many are investigating Christianity. They are reading the New Testament, visiting Christian churches, and listening to Christian messages over the radio. One of the most remarkable changes in the attitude of Jews is the place being given to Jesus. There is a general disposition to claim Him as a great prophet of their race. The publication in Hebrew of "Jesus of Naz- Hl'eth" by Dr. Joseph Klausner, a Jewish scholar in .Jerusalem, has carried the name of Jesus into every ghetto of the world. The Jew-

ish people seem to be on the eve of a religious renaissance. The critical nature of the situation makes this time particularly oppor- tune for a new consideration of the problem of" a really effective Christian approach to the Jew.

Dr. John R. Mott, whose missionary leadership has won the confidence of all the churches, wilt preside at these conferences. The delegates will be limited to one hundred, of whom fifteen will represent the United States and Canada. From·present indications the gathering will be representative of the best scholarship and experience in this great field of missionary effort.

The program of these conferences will be unique. There will be few papers read. A syllabus of topics will be sent out in advance of the meetings to all the delegates so that they will have the oppor- tunity of giving careful thought to them beforehand. A business committee will each day select and announce the topics to be discussed the following day. Committees on Findings will crystallize the re- sults of these discussions in concise statements which will make the results of the conferences available for those who have not been able to attend.

Provision has been made for an emphasis on the spiritual dy- namic at these gatherings. Biblical expositions and periods of devotion wm serve to keep all the discussions close to the evangelical purpose and deepen the sense of utter dependence on divine re- sources for the accomplishment of the work.

It is hoped that as a result of these gatherings there may be regained for Christendom a sense of responsibility for the Jews, and a return to the missionary methods of our Lord and His Apostles.

With the support of the earnest prayers of aU who are looking for the fulfillment of the sure promises of God concerning Israel, it may well be that these gatherings, under His blessing and guidance, will mark a distinct step forward in the work of winning the Jews to a recognition and appreciation of that Prophet of their people with whom their destiny is so unalterably bound. J. s. c.

ITEMS FROM EUROPE Protestant schools in Jugoslavia have been closed by the government.

In Poland, Catholic. priests are permitted to send their letters free. In Moscow, a young man, who disliked his father's religion so much that he killed him, was released by the judge, with a gentle rebuke. The rulers of Austria, Czecho-slovakia, Sweden, Finland and Mexico are like President Coolidge, total abstainers from intoxicants. In Sweden, pacifists are allowed to substitute hard labor for military service.

Impressions of

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Extract from a Report of a Recent Visit, Presented to the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions O DR first visit this time in Japan was to Hokkaido, the great upper island only now coming under cultivation and filling up with immigration from the south. It has an area of 23,- 000 square miles, about equal to West Virginia, with a population of 2,500,000 and the longest river in Japan, the Ishikari, 250 miles long. The Government estimate is that it can support 10,000,000. That population would represent 436 to the square mile as compared with 378 for all Japan proper, or 694 in Java, or 380 in Italy, or 536 in Holland, or 389 in Great Britain, or 872 in Kiangsu province in China, or 553 in Shantung. At present the Church Missionary Society of England and the American Congregationalists and Methodists have missionaries only at Sapporo (one family), and at Hakodate (two women). The Presbyterians have missionaries at Otanl Sapporo, Asahigawa and Nokkeushi.

This is a field in which the Church of Christ in Japan is justified in expecting continued help from America. There are now in Hokkaido 350 towns and villages of over 1,500 population in only fifty of which are there Christian workers. In the Asahigawa field of one million population, there are twenty-nine towns of over 5,000 each with no Christian worker. There are cities of 60,000 or more with no ordained missionary.

The Japanese are a migrant people but they do not like to migrate from the old and developed islands-Kiushiu, Shikoku and Honshu-and they are not filling up Hokkaido very fast. Still, in time, it is sure to be filled. Its climate and flora are like northern New England or southern Canada. I saw huge piles of large timber heaped up at sawmills or paper pulp mills or in the midst of the forest and cultivation is encroaching constantly on the arable untilled areas. The winters are severe but the summer air in August after the unbearable humid heat of Tokyo was like Maine or Quebec. The pressure of popUlation in Japan will inevitably fill up these frontier regions with hardy people detached from old inhibitions and in need of Christianity for their individual and community well-being.

The Church of Christ in Japan, with the cooperation of the Mission, should lay hold on this new society and build now the foundations of strong churches for the future. A large number of missionaries will not be needed. The Japanese Church will do most of the work, but in pioneer service and in assistance in hard and crucial centers, and in the Christian education of girls, the Japanese Church 173

needs and desires the maintenance of at least the present missionary staff.

On this fifth visit to Japan during the past thirty years, we were in Japan less than a month so that one hesitates to record what must needs be only superficial jUdgments. Our visit took us into all types of places and we had rare opportunities for discussion with members of both houses of the Diet, with university presidents and professors, with newspaper men and labor leaders, with pastors and evangelists, and with many other men and women. I can only name many of the impressions-the desolation of the earthquake in Yokohama and Tokyo, and the more rapid recovery of Tokyo though with deep and ineffaceable scars; the courage and fortitude of the people; the great increase in the use of foreign dress, especially by men (a Japanese deputation at the boat were all in foreign dress and of a large company of men at a reception at the Okuma Villa, all but three wore Western clothes); the innumerable bicycles built in Japan; the same little old trolley cars but the great growth of motor cars, especially of taxis; the immense increase in the use of electric light not only in cities but also in remote country villages due to the development of water power on the many short streams pitching down the mountains, and to the safety of electric lighting as compared with oil lamps in the wood and paper and thatch houses of the people; the extension of the radio, seen in little houses in the midst of the rice fields, in far-away, lonely farms in Hokkaido and in a network of receiving wires in the cities; the universal forestation program of the Government which seems to include everv eroded hillside and which has set out tens of millions of larch and ~pruce and pine trees; the efficiency and promptness of the railway service, the unexcelled porter system with its vast number of employees, chiefly boys, as it appears to a traveler; the appalling advanee in prices and costs, some charges still keeping low levels as, for example, meals in dining cars, but hotel bills and motor rates and many other charges equaling those in America; the cheerfulness, politeness, self-respect, honesty and trustworthiness of the people. Other visitors and residents in Japan report f)ther impressions. Beyond doubt, there is a great deal that is evil and discouraging and even repellent, but we were spared meeting it.

THE MEN ON WHOM PROGRESS DEPENDS Foremost among these impressions I would note the evidence of the character and capacity of the men on whom the progress of .Tapan depends. We talked with many of these men. Nowhere in the world are there men more earnestly concerned to find the right way or more deeply anxious over the tendencies which threaten the highest life of nations in our modern day.

One conversation was at a home of a former cabinet minister,

FRESH IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAN

one of the best known and most respected liberal leaders in thc Diet, a man of very independent character and opinion. He was much discouraged at the present political situation in Japan. There were present also a professor of political science in the Imperial Uni- versity in Tokyo and one of the ablest newspaper men in Japan, associated with two of the leading newspapers. The political science professor frankly avowed himself an idealist, making much use of Bryce and Lowell, and an admirer of President Wilson. All disapproved of Mussolini. History affords no justification of his type they said. He and Julius Clesar were really anarchists. They rep- resented a wrong attitude to the past. At the same time they expressed the conviction that history shows there is a place for overturnings. Japan had hers in the restoration of the Mikado over the Shog·unate. 'What Japan needs now, they said, is not MussoIini nor any upheaval but normal growth in reason and righteousness and liberal progress. Education is moulding the nation, but education also needs mOUlding. On the whole they expressed the thought that the pJ:ess is stronger even than education, but it is suffering from the influence of American journalism.

1'hen they turned on us with the question as to whether Christianity is dying out in the United States as has been represented to them by a professor of the University of Washington, Seattle. He had just been in Japan seeking a rectification of the unrest and want of tranquillity of America. We found their attitude very sympathetic to our own, though one of them was a Buddhist and another would probably call himself an agnostic with strong Christian sympathies. The latter was frank in his declaration that the life and leadership of Buddhism are impotent, that Confucianism is an atmosphere of mind, not a conviction, that Christianity is the only hope. He saw no sign of its dominating Japan, though he recogntzed the extent to which it had permeated the nation. Why could not great preachers come to Japan to sweep the nation7 He admired the missionaries as good men but said that while there are strong Japanese preachers, they are half foreign. vVe might have reminded him that he too represented the best of East and West. But what he also represents is the deep unrest and longing of good men in .Japan. "I do not understand our own country," he went on. "Foreigners come and write boo-ks about us but I have studied Japan for fifty years. I do not know its history. No one does. What are its real lessons~ What is the real character of the Japanesef The fiction of Bushido is not the key. Wonderful progress has been made in government and in morality, but who knows what our tendencies are, the national drift, the goal to which we move or the road we are to take ~ I am not a Christian but I tell my classes to read the Bible and to study Christianity."

"Nor am I a Christian," said our other friend as we walked

away, "but what Japan wants is more Ohristianity. Sometimes I think that some Buddhists are better Ohristians than some Ohristians, but true Ohristians are Japan's need." I know these men were sincere, and I am speaking now not of their recognition of Japan's religious need, but of their grave and deep concern for their country. The idea of Japan as a vain, cock-sure, opinionated nation, with no high principles and no thought of humble duty and world brotherhood is no more true than a similar idea of America. Weare all alike bewildered and honestly seeking to find the right road.

Beside these types, there are all the others that we know at home-the indifferent, the materialist, the selfish, the careless, the secularist, the artist, the determinist, the easy going-but not many optimists. Pretty much everyone realizes that a great transition is taking place and that tremendous forces are at work remaking the nation as they are remaking all nations and all the Japanese whom I have met are thinking of these things and striving to act toward them just as honest and thoughtful people in America are doing.

The true spirit of the kind of men we need both in the churches and out of them is expressed in the closing words of an essay on "Oonstitutional Loyalty," given us by Mr. Ozaki Yuk;io, one of the purest and best public men in Japan: "There is reason to be proud of the loyalty and patriotism of our people, but to rest content with present conditions and neglect to exert ourselves to insure further development would, I am afraid, prove the beginning of the decline of our national fortunes. The ancient saw, 'Pride invites loss and humility is rewarded by gain,' is not a maxim applicable to individuals only. . . . It is most regrettable that there should be persons who are tossed about by the storm of this reactionary age, who shrink into the narrow cell of conservatism, and who, shutting their eyes to the virtues of others, rest contented in bigoted and benighted self·sufficiency. All who desire to assist in carrying into practical effect the great scheme inaugurated by the Restoration and 'reclaim the waves of the great seas' should be larger-minded enough to adopt and assimilate all the best things of the world. Should Japan become puffed up with the meager success which she has hitherto achieved, and assume an air of ridiculous self-importance, I can not but feel deep anxiety for the future of the Empire.

" 'Oh, how I wish to make this country inferior to none, Adopting that which is good and rejecting that which is bad.'

(A stanza by the Emperor Meiji.) "

To the extent that these good and thoughtful men truly represent Japan it is evident that her need of Ohristianity is as great as ours. To the extent that they do not it is, if possible, greater.

Hope and encouragement in regard to Japan are abundantly warranted. It is no doubt true that Japan is being swept on today by powerful materialistic forces and that the Ohurch is inadequate to the task. It could hardly be otherwise with such commercial and industrial expansion as we have noted. No doubt, also, where men have not frankly embraced a materialistic view they have saved little

FRESl[ IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAN

more than their doubts and, in the matter of religion, are avowedly or practically agnostic. On the other hand, there is widespread moral discontent, and a genuine religious concern displayed in the new vitality of Buddhism and in a real recognition of the worth of Christianity. It is, of course, hard to judge the true significance of moral self-criticism in national life. There can be no doubt that many people are deeply troubled in Japan over corruption in office, want of principle in high places as well as low, immorality in society, the licensed vice of prostitution, the decline of driving moral forces in life.

On the Sunday before we left Japan, a representative meeting of all six parties in the House of Peers met to consider the present political situation "to wake the whole nation to the urgent need of moral reform." After a long discussion they adopted a memorandum beginning: "The official discipline is fast loosening; the people· are becoming careless of moral obligations and the prospects of the future. condition of our country are gloomy." Such words indicate at least that the Japanese speak the same language we speak and certainly they have no less reason for so speaking. That is far better than national pride or the attitude of mind which spends its strength denouncing other nations while its own house is burning.

On each visit, one finds new signs of Christianity's impact in Japan. In the Nishi Hanganji Temple of the Shin sect in Kyoto a priest, with whom we were talking of Buddhist conceptions, answered a question about prayer to Buddha, "Oh, it is just as you Christians pray to Jesus Christ." Such references to Christianity are met constantly from Buddhists who formerly either knew nothing of Christianity or considered it inconsequential. The big popular Asakasa Temple in Tokyo, belonging to the Tendai sect, is more popular than ever since the time of the earthquake when the fire burned to it and stopped. There a priest gave me some leaflets describing the worship of the Temple in Christian terms and ideas, even mentioning Christ and quoting teaching of Christ in confirmation of Buddhist conceptions. As Dr. Reischauer says, it will be a more or less Christianized Buddhism with which the Church of Japan will have to deal. The Church has no illusions on the subject. Its aim is a converted, as well as a Christianized, Buddhism. But that is not an impossibility. There are phases of Buddhism which are more akin to Christianity than to the teaching of Gautama.

It is often pointed out, and justly, that while Christianity is numerically small, yet its ideas and influence are constantly represented as though it were one of the dominant religious forces in the country. Its representatives stand forth as claiming a place not one whit behind or beneath Buddhism and Shintoism. They are claiming an acknowledged place and are seeking a satisfactory recognition in the new "Religions Bill" now before the Government.

2.

Among the students, even more than in the nation at large, Christianity has a disproportionately larger place of power. Mr. Shimomura, head of the Religious Bureau of the Department of Education, recently issued a statement that there were 48,000,000 Buddhists, 17,000,000 Shintoists and 210,000 Christians in Japan. He went on to state that an investigation of 177 higher educational institutions (27 colleges and universities, 23 medical colleges and universities, 29 collegiate institutions for men and 20 for women, 27 religious colleges and 51 technical colleges), show 222 religious organizations in these institutions, 101 Buddhist, 114 Christian, 2 Shinto and five others. Members of these organrzations include 6,292 Buddhists, 4,924 Christians, 180 Shintoists and 579 others. In other words 51% of the organizations are Christian and of the members 41% are Christian, though Buddhists number 73% of the total population of Japan and Christians only 1/3 of 1 per cent. Mr. Shimomura proceeded to point out that the adherents of Buddhism in Japan are not real and convinced Buddhists. "Generally speaking," he says, "there are few sincere inquirers after truth among Buddhists. If you do not seriously consider this matter then in 50 or 100 years Buddhism will lose its place and influence in our nation." "Christianity," he said, "is capturing the leadership. The leaders of industry, politics, journalism and the officials of the future are to be found in the universities and colleges where the survey has been made, and you must consider this phase of the question."

We must not take too much comfort from this warning addressed to the Buddhists. Christianity is a long way from capturing the leadership of Japan. The churches are not many and most of them are weak. Great leaders like Honda and U emura are few. Too many of the young men are scholastic and academic. Christian workers are sometimes perfunctory or petty or truculent or ungrateful. As everywhere, too many lay Christians are vacillating and compromIsmg. There are all the weaknesses which we know at home and there are heavy handicaps which Christianity must bear.

It is best to look squarely at the dark and discouraging features of the situation. But it is good also to see the other facts. And we have seen them clearer and brighter on this visit than ever before. Our last contacts with Japan were with the magnificent new building of the Shiloh Church on the earthquake ruins in Yokohama (for which one member contributed $75,000 gold), and with a company of noble Christian men and women who came down to see us off. We came home with a greater regard than ever for the Japanese people and a deeper affection for the Japanese Church and for the Christian missionaries in Japan and a surer confidence with regard to the future. The Church at home should respond to the call of the churches and missions in Japan with steadfast support and redoubled prayer. That call was expressed in the resolution passed in our

F'RESH lMPRESSrONS OJ.' ,TAPAN j79

Conference with the Executive Committee of the Mission and with the Church of Christ in Japan as follows: "In view of the great unoccupied areas in both city and country, especially the absolutely unevangelized condition of many millions in the smaller towns and the teeming countryside in every part of Japan, we state our fervent desire for the fullest reinforcements of the right spirit and qualifications for direct evangelism that the American Church can contribute. And there is need as well for extensive strengthening of our school staffs by the addition of specially trained, thoroughly qualified teachers for theological education, college work, and secondary grade both in Meiji Gakuin and in the several girls' schools. Everywhere there is need for the building up of school and college faculties.

"The foreign mission era in .Japan is not yet drawing to a close and any misconceptions in that regard should be dissipated and the sympathy, the prayers, and the active participation of American Christians encouraged to the fullest extent possible."

That call was also set forth while we were in Japan, somewhat quaintly but very definitely, by Mr. Ebizawa: ,,We believe a missionary has a brilliant future, at least for the next fifty years, provided he be well qualified in learning and personality, and be properly located so as· to meet the real needs of the community. . . .

"What Gospel we expect from the missionaries. Our people are bur- dened with too many systems of various religions, and if it means only to replace superstition with another kind of superstition, they will no longer need the missionary. We need no more heathen teachings gilded with nomi- nal Christianity. It is a plain fact that some class of people show their cravings for the 'signs and miracles' as did the Jews, but that can never be a reason for making the Gospel cheap, or Christianity will have nothing more to give than Tenri or Omoto-kyo. If it attempts to appeal to the utilitarian motive, Konkokyo will work much more efficiently. These religions have recently been putting forth their strength in their propaganda. If Christian preaching remains on that same level our ordinary people will cease to think of their need of the true Gospel. . . .

"Certainly this is the most difficult field in the world, but there is also a special opportunity for a missionary, we believe. We are of the opinion that to thoroughly Christianize Japan really means to Christianize the entire Orient. Then, after all, it is not a question whether or not we need the mIssIonary. Let him go ahead heedless of the feelings of even the whole nation if he has his own distinctive Christian message he ought to impart to this nation. . . . .

"We have written about the future place of our missionary, and we wish again to lay stress on the fact that Japan is a peculiar field where 'Vestern civilization meets face to face with that of the Orient, so that to a Christian worker in this land is given the rare opportunity to discover and build up real universal civilization upon the Christian principles. We might think of this field as a testing-place for the missionary work in the world. So long as Christianity remains inactive, unable to thoroughly Christianize ,Tapan, the world will remain with its dark hemisphere. The challenging voice from the land is clearly heard."

We must pray that the Church at home and its young men and young women may indeed hear this challenge and respond.

uN I T ED sTA Es Juarez.

GuL F oF – MEXI c 0 o MEXICO Scale of Miles 50 so 100 '00 300 400 SHOWING EVANGELICAL M,lSSTON STATIONS AFFECTED BY PROVISIONS OF THE MEXICAN OONS,TITUTION, NATIONAL- IZING CHURCH PROPERTY AND FORBIDDING FOREIGN CLERGY TO OFFICIATE AT PUBLIC RElLIGlOUS SERVICES

PFJRSONAL WORK BY THE WAYSIDE IN

Mexico from Within BY KORM A:>! W. TAYLOR, OAXACA, MEXICO T o UNDERSTAND ,the struggle 99ing..o.n i!} :Mexico todayw.e must know someth)ng of · theli'lstory ,of yes.ter9ay. W.p.en Cortez landed in Vera Cruz he was faced by ail almost superhuman task. Something more than natural courage was needed, Sl;) he capitalized the religions fervor of the sixteenth century. The conquest of the country took the fo rm of a religious crusade. Roman Catholic priests accompanied every expedition and the conquered liatives were baptized at the point of the sword. Quite naturally the result was a baptized paganism which persists to this day.

The Church shared largely in the material gain~ of the victors and became so dominant thut, as early as the middle of the seventeellth century, she wa s r egarded by some as a menace, and the Ayuntamiento of Mexico appealed to Phillip IV to curtail her power. Neverthel ess she continued to g row and to add to her wealth until she possessed one half of the best land in :Mexico.

Immense territorial possesFiion, untold millions of money in her coffers, and complete control over the minds of the masses through her spiritual claims, made the Church more powerful thali the Government. But the more enlightened people, in increasing numbers, came to regard her as a menace to the country's welfare.

It was this condition that made' such pattiots as Hidalgo, Morelos, and .Juarez willing to face the power of Rome. Despite papal hulls and excommunication, they disputed her right to the bodies as well as the souls of the people. It is one of the ironies of history 181

that the first two of these leaders in the revolt were parish priests, and the third had studied for the priesthood. The first step toward liberty was freedom from Spain. When this had finally been obtained, after a dozen years of bloodshed, they found that the internal shackles of the Roman hierarchy bound them as firmly as ever.

Many of the periodic revolutions which have devastated the country have been recurring efforts to break these bonds. On the surface they have appeared to be conflicts between rival generals but in reality they have been a struggle between the liberal and conservative elements struggling for the supremacy. The Liberals in Mexico desire true republicanism and local self-government; they ONE OF THE TYPICAL ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES IN MEXICO contend for greater liberty and for the restoration of rights to the downtrodden masses. The Conservatives are the party of the Roman Catholic Church and include most of the large landowners; they are fighting to hold or regain the power and special privileges of earlier days.

. In the year 1857 Juarez promulgated a new constitution which has been the foundation of all subsequent legislation passed to curtail and control the special privileges and political activities of the Roman Ohurch. Then followed an event which has no parallel in the 19th century: Pope Pius IX issued a mandate against the constitution of the nation and called upon all the spiritual subjects of Rome to disobey the laws of their country. 'rhe constitution was applied to some extent, but the Church, by political activity and by fostering revolutions, did her best to hinder the observance of its

MEXICO FROM WITHIN ]83

A RURAL EVANGELICAL CONGREGATION IN MEXICO, AND ~'HErR CHAPEL provisions. All church property was nationalized, not in order to hinder or destroy religion hut in order to insure the use of the cathedrals and other church edifices for the benefit of the people. Last year an order was issued stating that, as all churches are national property, an inventory of the furnishings and belongings of each must be filed with the Secretary of State and the local authorities before the 31st of July. A declaration was also required, showing who was in charge of the church and work, to be signed by ten responsible members of each congregation. The Protestant churches complied with this order and have had no trouble but the Roman Catholic bishop ordered his clergy to refuse to comply with the edict. This has brought· on the crisis between that Church and the State.

It soon became known that the papal hierarchy was going to retaliate by withdrawing the priests from the churches at midnight on July thirtieth. Masses of people flocked into the cities and stood for hours in the hot semi-tropical sun, or huddled in the doorways during the rain, waiting for their turn to reach the confessionals. Great queues of mothers, with crying infants in their arms, waited outside the churches, sometimes for hours, in order to have their babies baptized. Women, with bottles in their hands, hurried to the churches in order to bring home a few drops of holy water, superstitiously believing that in some miraculous way it would be of help to them when they were without the ministration of the priests.

The Mexican Government has not interfered with worship in the churches but the Roman Catholic hierarchy, by withdrawing the priests from the churches, has cut off millions of souls from what they believe to be the means of grace and today these millions are

suffering greatly from fear of the consequence of being without this ministry. Thus the Roman Catholic Church is endeavoring to arOUse popular sentiment against the Government.

On the 31st of July the government officials entered the churches to make the necessary inventories but in an hour or two t:qey hande~ over the buildings to the ten appointed men in each case.

Foreign prIests, not being amenable to the laws of the land, have been such a source of trouble to Mexico, that the Government has felt it necessary to enact la:ws by which the foreign "clergy are for- bidden to officiate in any public religious services. These laws are applied without distinction to both foreign Roman Catholic priests and Protestant missionaries. . . While the Pxotestant niissionarle~, in' order to comply with the laws, have had to stop pre'aching in organized churches, their work is so varied that they have been able to continue service along other lines, leaving the actual preaching to the trained Mexican. On the other hand the foreign priests of Rome, whose chief work has been the public,admir).istration of mass, continued to officiate publicly when they dared. For this reason, many were deported.

One who is unfamiliar with conditions in Mexico is naturally mysti£ed to understand how the Calles Government is able to carry out its policies in a country that is so predominatly Roman Catholic.

This would be impossible if it were not for a large and enlightened section of the people who, although nominal Roman Catholics, are out of sympathy with the course adopted by the hierarchy.

On the £rst of August last year a great parade took place in Mexico City, when it is said that at least £fty thousand men paraded in support of the President's program. A friend who watched the parade from the front of a large church later told me that he thought that at least thirty per cent of the men parading had lifted their hats in respect while passing the church. By this act they showed their religious sentiment, but by marching in line they testified to the fact that they were out of harmony with the announced policies of their Church.

These more enlightened Mexicans also believe in the educational policy of the Government realizing that Mexico can never come into her inheritance while eighty per cent, or more, of the population are illiterate. The Government is making great efforts to educate the masses. There are now 13,257 rural and elementary schools through- out the country and the Federal Government's educational budget for the last year is reported to have been twenty-six million pesos, In addition the various states spent about forty per cent of their incomes on education. During the present year the Federal Govern- ment hopes to establish two thousand additional schools.

The same authority reports that four out of every ten children of school age are in public schools and many others attend private

MEXICO FROM WJ1'HTN J85

schools. It is, therefore, estimated that fifty per ccnt uf the children of school age are under instruction.

An American authority 011 educational matters makes this arresting statement: "It is estimated that if ten years of tranquility are secured for Mexico there will be schools for the entire population and illiteracy, as far as the new generation is concerned, will be wiped out."

The Roman Catholic Church has dominated the country for three and a half centurics and had her opportunity to educate the people; if she had done so there would not exist today the great ignorance and poverty that prevail and a few years of revolutions would not have retarded the country to such an extent.

The present conflict between Church and State is causing Mexico to suffer, but ill her suffering she is thinking and asking questions. She is beginning to doubt the infallibility of the Church and is seeking to know the Truth. The pastors of evangelical churches report that many strangers are continuaUy in attendance at their services and that a deepening interest in spiritual matters is evident on every hand. The American Bible Society also reports a larger sale of Bibles, Testaments and Scripture portions during the .latter part of last year than at any similar period.

'l'hese things are an evidence that God is working in Mexico, and causes even the wrath of man to praise Him. Shall we not unitedly pray that He will use the present events to bring Mexico to a knowledge of Himself as He has been revealed in Jesus Christ'

SOME EVANGELICAL CH HIS'I'IAN WORKEHS IN. OAXACA

Mexico-Before and After the

BY REV. WILLTA~f WALLACE, MEXICO Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions SINOE Mexico started her Revolution some fifteen years ago, she has probably attracted more attention than at any time (except, possibly the period of Maximilian's Empire), since her conquest by Cortez. It has been almost impossible, in the welter of contradicting news items, to get at the real causes of these disturb- ances or properly to evaluate the revolutionary program. Having spent my childhood in South America, where my father began mis- sionary work in 1861, and having made intimate contacts with all classes and conditions of men and women in Mexico, from university rectors to unlettered peons of the plains and corn-planting Indians of the Sierra' Madre, during my thirty-six years' residence in that country, I may be able to throw some light on the subject.

When one asks the average ignorant Mexican to name his national hero, he generally replies Gaona, a full-blooded Indian and the great- est bun fighter of the twentieth century. Probably Pancho Villa's name is better known outside of Mexico than that of Hidalgo, the patriot priest, called the Washington of Mexico, or of Juarez, called the Lincoln of Mexico.

I would like to try to capture your sympathetic interest for Mexico in her present struggles to achieve economic and social liberty. The development of an intelligent mutual understanding between the two countries and the creation of a genuine sympathy for the national culture and ideals of the respective countries will go a long way in solving all our difficulties. Mexico illustrates in a remarkable manner the progress of the Kingdom of God under varying conditions wherever we have carried the banner of Christ.

In Mexico we see the same struggle that is being carried on in China, India, Turkey and in some of the newer republics of Europe. These people are trying to realize four great objectives: 1. To effect self-determination in their national life. 2. To solve their labor and agrarian and social problems. 3. To be independent of foreign control in their social, industrial, intellectual and religious life. 4. In Mexico there is a determination to check the influence of the Chm:ch in,the field of politics. This has been the underlying cause of many of the revolutions. Mexico and the United States represent two types of civilization': They present contrasts in religion, in culture, and in temperament. North of the Rio Grande we find predominating the blonde race, whose ancestors came largely from Northern Europe. To the south, 186

1027J :~m.xrco-13EE'OH~; AND Al!"l'lm THE HEVOLU'l'rON

the racestock is Indo-Iberian; that is, Spanish and Portuguese. The Indian predominates in Mexico but is modified by the South European stock. In the United States the dominating type of religion is Protestant, largely determining our civil and religious institutions. Among the Mexicans it is almost exclusively Roman Catholic. Our culture is English in its language and traditions and north European in its emphasis on the exposition of our moral and spiritual ideals in material forms, production, distribution and mechanical devices. Their culture is Spanish with its Latin emphasis on art, music and poetry. We emphasize the head in a hearty sort of way; they emphasize the heart in a heady fashion. In temperament we are evolutionary, working out our problems of social life piecemeal, with only an occasional political convulsion; their temperament is revolutionary, with its logical radicalism, seeking to achieve results immediately moving along a straight line.

Up to the time of the Mexican War of '47, we tried as a p'eople to ignore them. But "Fate or Providence" has placed us side by side with a frontier of a thousand miles difficult to patrol. Our contacts have been increasing and will continue to'increase. It is possible for us to be poor neighbors, or we can be good neighbors. mutually helpful.

Most people fail to realize how great a contribution Mexico has made to our national life. Geographically she has given us one half of her territory (Texas to the Pacific Coast), surrendered at the close of the Mexican War. Of late years over a million Mexicans have immigrated into the United States, supplying the demand of labor for our beetfields, our fruit orchards, factories and railroads. In fact, Mexico, exempted from the immigrant quota imposed on other countries, is now our main reliance for supplying the shortage in our labor markets. Naturally, whatever efforts we make in behalf of good relations with Old Mexico and in contributing to her moral and intellectual (not merely material) development will react favorablv on the Mexicans.

Yuc~tan supplies our wheat farmers with heneken harvester binding twine. Campeche sends us our indispensable chicle (chewing gum), and fine woods. Tabasco feeds us with bananas and cocoa. The state of Vera Cruz exports vanilla and coffee. Mexico's great central table land contributes one fourth the world's output of silver. Her cattle on a thousand plains furnish us with horns and hides. Finally, each summer, several hundred students of Spanish from our schools (Boston to San Francisco; Twin Cities to New Orleans), attend every summer the University Vacation School established by the Mexican Government in Mexico City.

In spite of these ties which should develop a rising tide of grateful interest in Mexico, I see stretching along our borders and rising to startling heights a great wall of prejudice dividing us. On this

side stand out in lurid letters these word,,: "race prejudice; COlltempt; ignorance; greasers; half-breeds; revolutionaries; bandits."

That is the mental complex associated with that wonderful and fas- cinating country, blotting out more attractive ones. .

On the Mexican side I see printed these words: "Yankees; dol- lar chasers; crushing' corporations; capitalistic monsters." On the heels of these mutual epithets, follow the sensitive pride of a weaker race, and the sense of being ignored, misrepresented, misunderstood.

Evidently what is most needed on our part is all understanding'

sympathy based on a knowledge of their history, their great men and the tremendous sacrifices that many of Mexico's more noble spirits have made to achieve for their country enduring civil and religions liberty. How many American Christians could mention the names of Mexico's ViTashington (the patriot priest Hidalgo), and her great Lincoln (the Zapaotec Indian Juarez) ~ Prescott's History of ~fex­ ico and" The Fail' God," by Lew 'Vallace, and books of travel make little real contribution to understanding' today's problems in Mexico.

During the past sixty years evangelical missionaries have built up a great church, supported by the second and third generation of communicants brought up in the Christian faith. Naturally the first converts were looked on by the "Mother Church" as apostates from Rome, renegades. Now our church people are accepted by their Roman Catholic neig'hbors as a legitimate element in the religious life of the country. Mexican Protestants now sing, "Faith of Our Fathers, Living Still" ·with the same zest as their Roman Catholic neighbors. The stimulating and leavening influence of our work is seen along many lines. Over thirty years ago the Presbyterians estab- lished a normal school for women in the frontier state of Coahnila.

The Governor Cardenas decided that it was time that the States should have a school of its own. In looking around for a director he picked out Dr. Andres Osuna, then pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the city of Saltillo. He sent him together with four young men to the State Normal School at Bridgewater, Conneticut, where two years were spent in thorough training. During the ensuing twelve years Dr. Osuna bnilt up a fine normal school in the capital of his own state. Later Dr. Osuna was chosen by President Car- ranza to be Director of Public Instruction of the whole republic.

At present he is in charge of the Union Evangelical Press, gives temperance addresses throughout the republic and serves as a kind of liason officer between the foreign missionaries and the more intel- lectual elements of the countI·y.

One day our Mission established a primary school in the beau- tiful town of Paraiso near the coast of Tabasco. Prettv Soon the local authorities woke up to the fact and decided that Protestant " Yankees" should not have a monopoly of education in the town.

MEXICO-BEFORE A='iD AF'l'ER THE R;EVOLuTIOK

So they began a school of their own. Eventually the good-natured lazy priest, rubbing his eyes, remarked, "These heretics have started a school; these atheists have started another; it is high time for the Mother Church to have a school of her own." So we made three schools "to grow where none had grown before."

Until lately athletics were practically unknown in Mexico. Through the efforts of the Y. M. C. A. many Mexican young men of the best families awoke to the superiority of wholesome athletics over bull fighting and cock fighting. Soon baseball and football teams began to be organized all over the republic. A young graduate of a Presbyterian preparatory school in the Valley of Mexico was asked by President Carranza to reorganize the great Federal Preparatory School of Mexico in which 1,500 young men are preparing for different professions. Moises Saenz employed Mr. Aguirre, a Cuban by birth, an American by citizenship and an athletic Christian by profession, to develop a cf)mplete system of athletics in his school. The contagion has spread. In a little Indian town in the Valley of ~Iexico, where we have a Protestant congregation, the young men have organized three football teams. They do not always have full equipment but in that hardy race, often barefooted, they handle the pigskin with great effectiveness.

When I went to Mexico there were no playgrounds in any of the schools or centers. However, a few years ago one of our missionaries secured equipment for a playground in our social center, this being the first one established in the country. Later the American colony inspired by this example presented a well-equipped playground to the Mexican Government as its contribution to the Centennial of Mexico's independence. Playgrounds are now to be found in the parks and schools of all the great centers of the country.

Before the revolution the leaders of education at the University of Mexico were disciples of Comte and the whole curriculum was based on the postivist philosophy which deals only with phenomena. Later Herbert Spencer and the agnostic influence became immensely popular among the educated men and women but more lately a great spiritual movement has boen set in motion. The Bible is freely quoted in school rooms where before the name of God was not even mentioned. Many of the professors have become spiritualists, but the rector of the National University is an outspoken evangelical Christian, having become interested in the study of the Bible through the Y. M. C. A. 'rhe rector of the School of Mines and Engineering is an active member of the Triangle Club, meeting weekly for Bible study and prayer. The Sub-Secretary of Public Education who has charge of the technical organization of primary and secondary schools throughout the republic, is the son of a Presbyterian elder and himself a devoted Christian. These are only a few of the con-

crete cases which show the stimulating and leavening influence of our work throughout the republic.

Many people, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, speak approvingly of the contribution made by mission schools to the development of Mexico. They have exerted a remarkable educational influence on the whole country.

The contrast in the life of the Mexican people "before and after the Revolution" can be shown in many ways. Before the Revolution the Indian and peon were leading a soporific existence without any consciousness of their place in the social order. Ever since the conquest in fact, this element had lost the consciousness of a real soul with the corresponding possibility of development and progress. During my first twenty years in Mexico, "law, order, peace" were the watchwords. The long wars of reform and of intervention had been fought to a finish. President Diaz, originally a troublemaker, having started revolutions against his old leader, President Juarez, and later against President Lerdo, had finally come into power and convinced the country that he was the man to bring about permanent peace and order and develop the material resources of the country. He was friendly to foreign capital; he knew men and surrounded himself with able administrators; he balanced the budget; he ruthlessly suppressed all uprisings. But the vast mass of the people, ninety per cent of peons and workers in factories and small tradesmen, gradually lost all initiative. They became mere employees of their employers who in turn collaborated with the "Master of Mexico" and his circle of friends, in an interlocking system. The states became mere provinces; the justices of the courts became appointees of the Executives; the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate were puppets to execute the will of the Executives, already expressed through special committees, which presented unanimous reports, worked out in consultation with the president and his cabinet.

But another revolution was simply unthinkable. Madero himself dreaded the consequences of any violent uprising. It was only when Diaz openly disregarded the will of the people and insisted on appointing his own successor that armed groups in the north and south of the Republic broke out in open rebellion. Madero finally consented to be their leader. Now after nearly twelve years of armed conflict the states have become free and sovereign. The Indians and peons face their employers frankly and openly, knowing that in the last resort they can back up their demands with a gun.

Americans are apt to be very impatient with Mexico because of the disordered condition of things caused by her conflict with the Roman Catholic hierarchy and with foreign corporations doing business there. The lives of our citizens and missionaries are, as a rule, just as safe there as in our own country. We would exercise more patience probably if we would remember that the situation in Mexico

927] MEl,xiCO-BEFORE AND AFTER THE R·EVOLUTiON

closely parallels that of our own South immediately after the close of the Civil War. Twenty years passed before anything like normal conditions prevailed once more. The peons and Indians and in general, the working classes in Mexico, on achieving their new liberties through the Mexican revolution, find themselves in a very similar position to that of the Negroes suddenly brought out of ignorance and slavery into the full enjoyment of their political rights as full-fledged citizens.

Up to the time of the revolution, no real labor union was in existence in Mexico, with the possible exception of the orders of. engineers and conductors on the railroad.:, Any attempted strike was crushed out by the Federal troops, often with bloodshed. With the new order of things introduced by the revolution, labor began to organize along various lines. In many places the Reds have been in control, but the Federal Government has always favored the development of conservative unions, modeled after the labor unions in the United States. It is untrue to say that the Mexican Constitution is Bolshevik and the Government atheistic.

The new spirit of initiative is shown in many ways. Formerly every movement, whether cultural or political or economic, "came down from above," as everybody understood that any initiative on the part of the people would be looked upon with disfavor by those in power. Today we find all kinds of groups and circles seeking to promote the general welfare along such lines as hygiene, music, art. In the great amphitheatre of the National Preparatory School, wonderful programs have been put on, introducing the public to a knowledge not only of the great masters in music and art but also of their own historical background as represented by the folklore, songs and dances of old Aztec and Toltu days. Formerly the educated classes were ashamed of anything that was Mexican and all education was carried along the line of foreign traditions. Now they are proud of everything that is national and indigenous. I well remember what might be considered the date of "the awakening of a nation." Diaz had continued in power for thirty years as "a material builder and master. " Finally he gave the people to understand that he was ready to have free elections for a successor in the presidential chair.

On the fifth of February, 1910, two great meetings were held in the City of Mexico in honor of the adoption of the constitution in 1857. That day I attended two meetings held within two blocks of each other which offered a remarkable contrast between the old regime that was soon to be rung out and the new which was so soon to be rung in. The first meeting I attended was high mass in the aristocratic church of St. Francico, an old building, confiscated during the War of Reform, but later restored by the wife of President Diaz. The occasion was a great reception given by the Archbishop of Mexico

and prelates from neighboring dioceses in honor of the Papal Legate. The occasion was signalized by great pomp. The friendly relations with &me were symbolized by the carrying of the Nuncio's train and the kissing of his feet by the highest dignitaries of the Church who prostrated themselves before Rome's representative. He was the last Legate who was allowed to reside in Mexico, having been expelled for violating the laws of the land.

There is a general feeling abroad in the States that the radical program of the Mexican Government is very comunistic and unfair to the foreigners 'who have acquired rights in the country, as well as to the foreign clergy who are anxious to help in the building up of that country. It is difficult for us to appreciate the attitude that has been taken by the Mexican Government. In our own countrv we have had from the beginning a great many, perhaps too many,' different churches, all of which are allowed to own property.

In Mexico it is totally different. '1.'he Roman Catholic Church from the beginning has educated the whole nation to the idea that their Church is the only legitimate representative of the religion of the whole people, barring a few heretics and'foreigners who are not considered an essential part of the national life. The civil government, conducted as at present by a liberal minority of progressive Catholics, finding their program of education of the people and of labor and social reforms blocked at every step by the Roman Catholic Church, has taken substantially this attitude: "You clergy may indeed represent the moral and spiritual interests of the nation; the Government represents the material interests, including the control of property and lives. As you have chosen to use your material wealth to oppose, and if possible to break down, the constitution and laws of the country, we will take over control of these material interests, leaving you at liberty to carryon your spiritual activities. But you must register all your properties and place them under the control of the civil authorities." The Government after taking an inventory of all these properties has insisted that the doors be kept open for the free exercise of religious rights and ceremonies. The Hierarchy has forbidden the priests to officiate until the Government has changed its policy. As a result thousands of the faithful enter the churches to pray before the various images and are becoming accustomed to worshipping without the presence of a priest. In the present situation the Protestant element in Mexico has followed the apostolic injunction of "obeying the ordinance of the powers that be. " As a result they have found themselves enjoying the same liberty of action in all their legitimate work as they were before registering their properties. There will never be any danger of the Government taking the properties away from any church and putting them to some other use so long as they are used legally and not for. political propaganda.

MEXICO-BEFORE AND AFTER THE REVOLUTION

One should not be surprised at the strong anti-foreign feeling exhibited in the awakening of Mexico to a new life. 'For many rea- sons foreigners usually are to be found at the head of all the big business enterprises, have charge of the higher schools (not govern- ment), and exercise a determining influence very often in the inter- national relations of the country. Naturally, native Mexicans be- came impatient at finding themselves playing "second fiddle" and not "first fiddle" as they would like to do in their own national life.

This has led to what seem harsh restrictions on foreign enterprises; The motive, however, is perfectly legitimate, as it represents the in~ stinct of self-preservation and liberty of action, free froni foreign domination. ' ,.' ; The Protestants have made a very definite contribution to Mexi~ can progress. In the first place the awakening of the conscious,ness of the people through the light of the Gospel itself, the habits of self~ government in the churches in which the laity truly have a part, ,an~ the legitimate desire to take an active part in public affairs hav~ all been promoted by our evangelical churches and schools. We lulve also promoted integrity of character in the leadership of the great forward movement. '

How can we help most effectively in the solution of Mexi,co's problems t First, by getting an intelligent and sympathetic under- standing of their situation; not interfering or intervening, but, con- tributing with our quota of moral and spiritual values; second, by reenforcing the missions which have done a remarkable work with a very limited supply of men and money; lastly, we can provide schol- arships in our schools throughout the United States for the education of young Mexicans of promise. The interchange of students and pro- fessors between the two countries will undoubtedly prove to be one of the most valuable contributions to that more perfect understand- ing which is the basis of a genuine international friendship and a mutual helpful attitude.

In Mexico-Far from the Beaten Tracks BY ETHEL R. DOCTOR, OAXACA, MEXICO nAFTER nearly three days of riding on horseback from Oaxaca Oity over the Sierra I arrived in Yatzachi on New Year's Eve. rt was twilight when I descended the trail which leads to the village, and in the distance I heard the excited cries of welcome to "El Senor," Mr. Van Slyke, who had returned home. The Indian boy at my horse's heels said, "Ah, Senorita, the village is very'happy now-everybody sings or whistles hymns. Before it was so sad."

"But, " I said, "only the Ohristians sing hymns do they not y" "Oh, no, Senorita everybody is happier, even those who do not 3

know why they are happy, sing or whistle. I don't know how to explain it but, 0h, Senorita, the village is so differ ent now!"

After supper I went out on the porch of the "-White Hou se"

as the home of Mr. and Mrs. L. P. Van Slyke is called by the natives. It was nine 0 'clock and many village men, seated on benches and women squatted Indian fashion on .straw mats, were listening to music from the magic music box- the phonograph. They were wait- ing for the Watch-Service which was to begin at eleven. When the service begau Mr.

Van Slyke gave a short 'imd im- pressive talk on the significance of the Lord's Supper and the respon- sibility and privilege of church membership. As I watched the silent faces of the attentive con- gregation of one hundred and fifty or more, and listened to their fer- vent prayers I was impressed with the sincerity of these new Chris- tians. Four men were baptized and were received into church membership upon confession of faith. 'rhey were tlle first Chris- tians of the first Christian church in the Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The blackness of the nigh t and the peculiar silence of distant places settled over us, as A WOMAN OF YATZACHI E'L BAJO, the four Indians, with Mrs. Van OAXACA Slyke, Miss Taylor and I partook of the Lord's Supper. We seemed to be glorified by the Lord's presence. Christ had r eally come to Yatzachi and His coming was not transitory or imaginary but real. The people of Yatzachi are not only honored and glad at His coming but they are savedtransformed in their daily life and habits, blessed and made strong in the faith. He says, "Behold I stand at the door and knock; if any man hear my voice and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me."

Christ-dwelling in the hearts of His messengers, moving them.

to sacrificial service-has come to Yatzaohi el Bajo, Oaxaca, Mexico, and has worked wonderful changes in the Indians.

Yatzachi has opened the door to Christ. You- with your prayers and your giftS–{}an make it possible for Christ to knock at the heart's door of many in out-of-the-way places in Mexico.

You Beat the Dutch?

BY REV. SAMUEL M.. ZWE:MER, D.D.

COMPARISONS may be odious but we have the highest authority in regard to their utility. When the Apostle Paul wrote to the Corinthian Church on so delicate a subject as their financial affairs and the needed grace of benevolence, he did not scruple to tell the story of other churches and let the tardy and self-centered Co- rinthians draw their mvn conclusions. "1Vith regard to the collection for the saints," said he, "you must carry out the same arrangements as I made for the churches in Galatia." Then he tells of regular, proc portionate, weekly contributions by some early method of the" du- plex" envelope-or was it a duplex bag~ Titus started a financial campaign at Corinth (2 Cor. 8: 6) but had great difficulty. Paul, therefore, returned to "the unmentionable sin" of selfishness and wrote of the churches in Macedonia, " Amid a severe ordeal of trouble their overflowing joy and their deep poverty together have poured out a flood of rich generosity; I can testify that up to their means, aye and beyond their means, they have given-begging me of their own accord, most urgently, for the favor of conf1-ibuting to the S1[P- port of the saints." (Moffat's Version.) "Now then, you who are to the front in everything, in faith, in utterance, in knowledge, in all zeal, and in love for us-do come to the front in this gracious enterprise as well. I am not issuing any orders, only using the zeal of others to prove how sterling your own love is …… I want a generotts gift, not as money wrung out of you …… for God loves a hilarious giver." (2 Cor. 9: 7 Greek text).

In my journeyings through many parts of our country I have never come across such large per capitas and such hilarious giving as in certain Dutch-American communities of the Reformed Church.

The facts are sufficiently eloquent to need no comment save the cap- tion of this brief article, "Can you beat the Dutch 7"

Four of these churches, typical of others which could be put into the same category, represent farming communities in the middle west, or truck-farmers and small business men in the vicinity of Chicago. Here is the list: .

Gifts fm· Congregational }{ame of Ch1lreh Members Others E'xpenses South Holland, Ill. . . . . . .. 506 $12,932 $7,756 Third, Pella, Iowa ……. 433 5,953 4,847 First, Hull, Iowa …….. 384 8,539 First, Sioux Center, Iowa. 471 6,487 10,080 8,647 In 1921 the church at Sioux Center gave away $19,053 and spent $6,941 on itself. For the last six years, the church at South Holland, Illinois, has given more to others than it has spent on itself.

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In a letter the Rev. T. W. Muilenberg, pastor of the South Holland church, writes: "We use principally English, although we still preach the morning sermon in Dutch. There are three other churches here, two Christian Rleformed and one old Reformed, the last one very small. .Most of the people here are farmers, since this is strictly a rural community.

"My method is very simple; a couple of Sundays before, I state as plainly, forcefully and clearly as possible the claims of the cause or cau~es, and usually the response comes.

I I My people have a warm heart for missions, and they do not need so much for themselves j they are a plain people and live simply."

Another church that belongs to the Macedonia class is located at Passaic, New Jersey. It has no wealthy members. It is still struggling with. the bilingual problem of meeting the spiritual needs and desires of a minority of elderly naturalized Dutch-Americans and of their progressive children and grandchildren-but their offerings remind one of the Greek word which Paul used. They are positively "hilarious" in their devotion to the collection-plate. After a visit the pastor wrote me as follows: "Just as a matter of information and encouragement let me give you our collections last Sunday: Special missionary collection …………………………… . $425.31 The regular offering for the church ……………… . 190.77 'l'he regular offering for benevolence …………….. . ……. . For Ministerial Pension }i'und ………………………….. . 141.93 67.55 The total we collected ……………………………. $825.56 So you. see that the special collection did not interfere with the regular. You did not make a mistake by not preaching."

It is even more hilarious (for the missionary) when we add that by special vote of the session the offering for missions was not taken at the time of our visit but was postponed because the snow and sleet had kept some people away that day from the privilege of the offer- ing! Of course, there are many other churches in all sections of our country that are examples of liberality and self-denial. But there are congregations where one is reminded at the time of one's visit, and when reading the annual report, of the verses by an Episcopalian rector in Milwaukee: "The treasurer shuffles his bills, And his eye with anxiety fills; People think it is flip To pay God with a tip, And spend fortunes on feathers and frills."

Glance over the per capita of your own congregation, your diocese or cIassis or presbytery, or synod, perchance your own per capita for the Kingdom of God, and see whether you "can beat tho Dutch."

Hope for America, Except-

BY REV. JOHN MoDOWELL, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HERE are three possible interpretations of the present con- ditions in America. The Hopeless Pessimist thinks that everything is bad and growing worse. The Blind Optimist says that everything is perfect and growing better. The Dissatisfied Idealist admits that everything is not perfect, that there are radical defects in American life and many things that are not right. But he believes that there is in the Gospel of Jesus Christ the power that will make things right.

This belief and confidence of the Dissatisfied Idealist is rooted in three great convictions: First, there is no hope for America apart from the Kinpdo1n of God. By the Kingdom of God we mean what Jesus Christ himself meant when He taught the world to pray: "Thy Kingdom come, 'l'hy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven." This means one thing, namely, the reign of God in the life of men and in the life of nations. History and experience prove conclusively that no political scheme, no educational system, no industrial arrangement, no social ideal, apart from the Kingdom of God can ever save America. 1Ve are learning in these days again that there is no substitute for good will, in either national or international relationships, and that there is no good will worthy of the name that is not rooted and grounded in the Kingdom of God which, according to the Apostle Paul, is "a Kingdom of righteousness, and peace and joy in the Holy Ghost."

Second, there is no hope for the Kingdom of God apart from the Christian Cht!rch. By the Christian Church we mean something more than a body of doctrine or a form of ritualism or a system of government. 1Ve mean what the Apostle Paul meant by it, namely, "the body of Christ." As the body of Christ, the Church is charged with the responsibility of expressing the spirit of' Christ to the world, proclaiming the message of Christ to mankind and doing the work of Christ. That work is saving and serving men in all the earth. Other agencies will help the Church to bring in the Kingdom but no one of them or all combined will take the primary responsibility for this task. The Church is the authorized, designated instrument through which Jesus Christ is building His Kingdom. It is not a perfect body. It has its defects and has failed in many respects, but after all it is the one great agency in America that is giving its time and its thought, its life and its resources to the establishment of the Kingdom of God in America.

Third, there is no hope for the Christian Church apart from a consecrated and effective leadership.

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Five characteristics must mark the leadership that is demanded today. It must be: (1). Intelligent. The leaders we need must know the will of God, the Word of God and the work of God. The leaders of the Church must be able to inspire, but also must give information regarding the moral and spiritual conditions of the nation.

(2). Efficient. It must be a leadership that can apply its knowl~ edge to the needs of the times. Fairly and fearlessly these leaders must apply the principles of Jesus Christ, not only to the life of the individual, but to the entire life of the nation.

(3). It must be optimistic. While recognizing the evils of the times, and deeply conscious of tendencies which are threatening to deny our ideals and impair our institutions, we need a leadership that believes "God still reigns" in America and that His will can be done and will be done in the life of this great nation.

(4). It must be cooperative. By this we mean that it must incarnate the spirit of the Apostolic Church which is expressed in the words, "with one accord." This is essential to all effective cooperation. No amount of mere agreement in opinion or common methods, or even a united budget will ever produce the cooperative spirit which is needed today in the leadership of the Church. Cooperation must root itself in the spirit that will make the Church of "one accord" even though it may not make it possible for the Church to face its task with one method, or one opinion or one form of organization..We need the spirit of the gathering of the Chinese Christians in China a few years ago, when they said, ",Ve are agreed to differ but we are resolved to love." A leadership dominated by this spirit cannot be defeated. A Church guided by this spirit will be a converting and conquering Church.

(5). The leadership for today must be sacrificial. Only as the leadership of the Church isdedicaied to the principle of the Cross can we draw men to Jesus Christ. The Christian leaders of the future must rededicate their lives to the same principle that actuated .Jesus Christ, the principle of sacrifice. It is still true that we must lose our life for Christ's sake if we would keep it. The best things in the life of the nation can be kept only as it gives them away. A spring is a spring only as long as it gives its waters to the flowing stream. When it ceases to give it becomes a stagnant pool. A window is a window only as long as it transmits light. "Vhen it absorbs light it ceases to be a window. When a nation ceases to give its best to the world, it ceases to be Christian. God save America from the calamity of self-absorption-from the calamity of losing ber life by trying to keep it. Given a leadership that is intelligent, efficient, optimistic, cooperative and sacrificial, the Church can and will accomplish its task of establishing the Kingdom in America, and thus saving the nation.

A OOMMUNI'T'Y MEETING OF COAL MINERS AND THEIR

The Human Factor in Coal Mining* 1 BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, MOUITTCf,AIR, NEW JERSEY JG. BRADLEY, President of the West Virginia Ooal Operators' Association recently said, "Industry belongs to the men. as • never before. Improvement of the physical life of the workers is a sound basis for larger spiritual development. It is the belief of the Y. M. O. A. in this principle and the carrying out of the same in its program that appeals to the operators, and has helped to win their confidence in the Association as an efficient welfare agency." Many coal operators have expressed the belief that the "Y," being a mutual organization which helps unite the interests of both employer and employee, wiII have an increasingly important part to play in improving conditions, promoting good-will and building character.

As far back as 1883 the "Y" was working with miners and in 1895 numbers of college men were enlisted to serve mining camps during the summer months. By 1906 a comprehensive program of educational work with foreigners, and a series of mining institutes for the more skilled workers, was well under way. During the past decade, the program of service has been extended on a more perma- !liThe last Anthracite Coal Strike cost railro·ad and mining companies $3,000,000 per day and caused immeasurable suffering. Can such strikes be made unnecessary by the multiplication af Christian agencies?

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nent and far-reaching basis. West Virginia now boasts ten miners' Y. M. C. A. buildings, serving over 20,000 people weekly. Colorado and Wyoming have twenty buildings, most of them in the camps of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. The work was organized several years ago after the big strike, at the earnest request of the men, both union and non-union, as well as company officials. In spite of obvious difficulties, it has succeeded beYQnd all expectations. Here, as elsewhere, an all-round program of educational, social, physical, spiritual and thrift work is being carried on with excellent results. The growth of one Y. M. C. A. in West Virginia is notable. Several years ago a saloon was transformed into a "Y," the bar becoming A PLAYGROUND IN A MINING TOWN the secretary's desk. The work has expanded until today it is carried on there in a fine new building.

The Christian service program in a typical coal mining town is varied and comprehensive. Educational classes, clubs, athletics, character talks, motion pictures, health and other exhibits, Bible classes and special meetings, socials, celebration of foreign and American holidays, thrift campaigns, and many other activities are the usual thing. In one town the "Y" man realized the special need of developing various kinds of labor, essential to the community, out of the town itself. Vocational studies were started in track-laying, drainage, ventilation, etc., and a special educational committee became responsible for a remarkable program. The "Y" library was greatly enlarged, and to stimulate interest, a "public reader" was introduced several evenings each week.

1927J THE HUMAN FAC'l'OR IN COAL MINING

When saloons thrived the "Y" had a real competitor and in a few months, the "Y" generally won. One saloon-keeper said, "General business is good, but saloon business is on the bum. That -Yo M. C. A. is getting all the men!", The work is supported by contributions from both the men and the miniug companies and all activities are promoted by committees of the men. 'l'his democratic plan wins the enthusiastic interest of all types of people in the community.

One mining operator has frankly described his difficulties as follows: "We realized that our own men were becoming dissatisfied, not so much over wages, but on account of the general unrest. The men would stop work A SUNDAY·SCHOOL GROUP OF MINERS' CHILDREN at our mine, and go to other mines, and we would have new men coming in to take their places, with no apparent reason. Our pay days were disgraceful. Drunkenness was common. This led to lawlessness, which, in a great many cases, resolved itself into suits and litigations, and affected to some extent all the men working at our property. Whenever the mine was idle, time hung heavy on their hands. These periods of idleness usually brought about disastrous results. It was difficult to approach the men to talk with them upon any subject, much less to reason out any difficulties. The men were apparently not interested in their work, nor performing their duties efficiently.

"The question was, how to overcome this condition. We discovered one day that our mine was idle on account of the miners and their families having gone to an adjoining town about ten miles away to see a traveling circus and a quack doctor, who was selling patent medicines and playing some sort of an instrument that attracted our employees.

"We began to realize that something had to be done for the wholesome amusement of our people in their own town. We decided to build a welfare

building. Upon closer study, we found that this plan would probably harm more than help, unless we had someone in charge of such a building, who had wide experience and knew how to handle it. It was then we turned to the Y. M. C. A. and the unq,ertaking has been a complete success ever since. The Board of Directors are the men in our employ!"

An incident that occurred not long ago in a small mining town in Oolorado indicates the influence of the Association for social and economic betterment. On pay day it had been customary to find the interest of the men centered around a couple of busy gambling tables, waiting for a chance to sit in and try their luck. As a result, in a few hours three or four men were usually in posesssion of the wages of the others. Shortly after the opening of the Association building, an old-timer who was chronically broke the day after pay day, brought his money to the secretary, requesting him to keep it for him and thus remove temptation. Many of the men are now on the way to a comfortable bank account, for pay-day gambling is no longer popu- lar, and the "Y" cares for a goodly portion of the community's earnings.

In all 'coal mining towns, the "Y" cooperates to the full with existing agencies like the churches and schools. Where there is a , Y. W. O. A. this organization serves the women and girls. Otherwise the "Y" necessarily does some of this work. In several towns the Association has secured trained nurses to give lessons in home nurs- ing and women workers have done remarkable work visiting the bomes and organizing many activities with the families.

The plan of operation in the Association is one that permits the members to take active part in the management and promotion of activities, through members' councils, which are elected annually by the members of each branch. The councils have special relations to the details of local operation, cooperating with the Oommittee of Management and General Secretary.

From the' work already accomplished, it is fair to predict a con- stantly enlarging service of the Young Men's Ohristian Association among coal miners in all parts of the United States. By enlisting the support of both employer and employee, there are created mutual understanding) good will, efficiency, happiness, and Christian character.

ACTIVITY A BLESSING We may overcome depression by serYice. It is a blessed thing to have some· thing to do. Some disaster overtakes us or a great sorrow swoops down on our spirit, and it seems as though life can have nothing in store that is desiyable. But life still has its wants, it still has its humble duties and we take them np, almost mechanically at first, but before long we find that they are medicinal.

Thank God for something to do! The depression of an active spirit fre· quently arises from enforced idleness.

USED TO DECORATE THE HOUSES OF HEATHEN IN

A Story of Changes in New Guinea BY RUSSELL ABEL, KWATO, NEW GUINEA T HIRTY years of missionary activity in southeastern New Guinea have produced great changes. The hardships and dis- appointments, the dangers and difficulties of the early days are almost forgotten when we note the encouragements of the present and the contrasts with the past.

The mission established headquarters on Kwato, in eastern New Guinea, in the year 1891. This is one of the small islands in the :Jrchipelago that reaches from the mainland far out to sea. The first step taken by the Rev. Charles W. Abel and his fellow-mission· 203

aries was to overcome the natural conditions that made Kwato uninhabitable for civilized men. First they undertook the task of filling in the. treacherous swamps that earned for this beautiful island the nickname of "death-trap." In time, these evil-smelling swamps were transformed into fields, and cricket is played where once millions of mosquitoes had bred in slimy waters. :At the same time, what once seemed to be an insurmountable drawback to the development of Kwato played its invaluable part in the development of character in Papuan youth.

There were also evil spiritual conditions that flaunted themselves on every hand. Heathen life flourished in those early days. The New Guinea people lived a life of warfare. It was a warfare without romance for it consisted of cowardly night attacks, when the houses of enemy villages were burned. Then a few of the fugitives were ~aptured and brought home in savage triumph, with shouts and warwhoops, to grace a loathsome cannibal debauch. At these times, the worst in the Papuan would dominate. Cruelties and tortures of the most revolting nature would be indulged in by men who, in ordinary times, wheu blood is cool, would appear mild and iP-oifensive.

This warfare, however, meaut hard work. Tl).e cQunter-attack must be prepared for. Ornaments, feathers, the trappiugs of war, spears, war-canoes, fortifications, all required labor. To maintain tribal prestige also meant work. Houses must be better than those of the euemies. The uncertaiutv of life and the continued tension due to the possibility of surprise ~ttack, kept life in a New Guinea village keyed up to a high pitch. Native sport took the form of sham warfare. The thrilling and dangerous boar hunts were good training for the fighting manhood of a tribe.

Amid such surroundings, Kwato was established as a beacon of light. There the Good News was proclaimed which shone forth like light in the darkness. The drum-beat by night, the whoopings and the conch-shell by day, the sounds of wailing and haranguing that came over at all times from the villages of the neighboring islands, were all tokens of the surrounding darkness. The typical noises of native life all told the story of blind superstition, of fear of malevolent spirits. Sorcery and witchcraft and all that these involved, the hard cruelty and gross immorality of village life, were thrust upon the youngest child that came under their influence.

At about the time the mission was established the British Government, with a :firm hand and an uncompromising Scotsman as Governor, effectively put a complete end to caunibalism and warfare iu south-eastern New Guiuea. Pioneer missionaries had done their share to make this possible. Some gave their lives in the attempt to open up parts of the country, but finally all explored districts were brought under control.

A complete chauge in the life of the Papuan followed. The

A STORY OF CRANGES IN NEW GUINEA

keystone of his primitive life and customs was gone, so that the rest of the structure collapsed. Hitherto his culture had been built around cannibalism and warfare. Now, within a comparatively few years, this warlike, active race, whose very existence depended upon their energy, became lazy and indolent. Their occupation was gone and they had no.thing in its place.

The climate of New Guinea is enervating, the island being only a few degrees south of the Equator. It is therefore conducive to idleness. With tribal prestige gone, there was no longer any incentive to contend against the indolence that is in the very air of a balmy tropical day. As has often occurred in other races, whose social PART OF AN AUDIENCE WHEN MR. ABEL VISITED AN OUTSTA'rION system has been shattered by the coming of the white men, the very will to live seemed to have been taken away. Aided by diseases and habits introduced by white traders the race shows signs of dying out.

Meanwhile on Kwato, a new war was being waged against these tendencies and against all the powers of darkness. Those early days saw both triumphs and defeats. Many who seemed to be rescued, were dragged back into the maelstrom of savage life that surged all around. But there were also triumphs, for men and women, once gripped by the power of God, were freed by the power of Christ. Step by step they learned to walk in the glorious liberty of a new life. Men who had been notorious as cannibals, men who were battlescarred in tribal conflicts, and whose very names had produced a feeling of terror, became followers of Jesus Christ.

One influential chief, who became a real man of God and a power for good in those scattered island-villages, was a man respected and trusted by the Government, as, indeed, he was by all. In the days before his great change he had earned and proudly worn the dwnari, that ornament, worn to show that he had far exceeded other men in his career of blood-thirstiness. But God was able to work the miracle that changed this wild man. Such was the interesting, though often crude material, that formed the foundations of the church that is still growing today at Kwato.

These early days of real struggle were followed by years of indifference on the part of the Papuan. The old .fighting spirit disappeared. The tall houses that were the pride of the village degenerated into little hovels on the beach. Men whose energy had· once given them great reputations and whose fathers had been war-I riors "!lOW spent the day chewing betel nut in the shade of young cocoanut palms.

The Gospel could not .find fertile soil in such a demoralized people. Christianity and idreness are incompatible, for the Devil easily finds occupation for listless hands. It seemed necessary to reestablish habits of industry and to provide something upon which to rebuild what had been destroyed. New industries were introduced. Young boys were taught to lov~ work for which they show natural aptitude. They were taught t6'~'play the game" ip. cricket, tennis and athletic sports which provide a healthy outlet for youthful energy. These games take the place of the degrading immorality of the feasts for the dead and the village dance, with all their accompanying evils.

Many Papuans became Christians and today each morning Kwato presents a busy scene. Boatbuilding, carpentry and printing are taught to youths who pass from the primary to the technical school. The buzz of the sawmill, as it turns great logs from the abundant virgin forests into timber, adds to the general picture of hard-working industry. Agriculture, which includes plantation work and dairy farming on scientific lines, is taught at various centers throughout the district. On the cooler hilltop schools are carried on, attended by children who come from surrounding villages. Some come in canoes and some swim the channel that separates Kwato from the large mountainous island opposite. Girls are taught needlework, basketry, weaving, cooking and domestic science. Around the district to which Kwato ministers, there are many centers where agriculture and industries are taught and from which the blessings of the Gospel radiate.

On Sundays the people come to these mission stations for worship. Their children come in during the week for school. Their sick come for treatment. Outcasts, unwanted and often left to die, .find a home and Christian love and care at these centers. At all times,

927] A STORY OF CRANGES IN NEW GUINEA

A PAPUAN BIBLE CLASS IN KWATO. NEW GUINEA in their eternal conflict with unscrupulous white men, the people fly instinctively to the Mission for help and advice.

Thus, out of the ashes of a primitive savage life, there is arising, at this transition stage in a race's history, something that will provide the Papuan with an incentive and a means to rally to the new situation thrust upon him. Christian teaching and practical industries will help him to meet the impact of white civilization.

The story of Kwato is still a story of changes. Within the last few years in America and in Great Britain some new friends have taken it upon them to pray for this work and older friends have rededicated themselves to a task of intercession. Prayer changes things both at home and on the mission field, but most visibly, perhaps, on the mission field. Hitherto the people in most parts of the district have had little time for the missionary and less for his message. Anything that has threatened in any way to disturb their routine of life they have not wanted. They cling to their old life in spite of its fear, its hopelessness and its endless appeasing of offended spirits. Christians they know lead a singled-out life, separated from the world, and as the herd instinct is strong in native psychology, they shrink from standing alone as Christians.

But all this is changing. Indifference and opposition is breaking down everywhere. There is a new hunger for something bette!'. The people are beginning to realize the emptiness of their old life. They recognize the fullness there is in the simple faith of the little Christian communities whose presence can be known by the tinkling cow-bell that echoes in the hills each evening at dusk as it calls the people together to pray and sing and worship God.

Numbers of "seekers" plead for someone to come and teach them of the New Way. '1'hey gather from many miles and wait many hours in the hope of an interview with the missionary on the rare oc- casions when he is able to visit their district. People come for miles for a service. This often means hours of climbing of steep mountain ranges. In one place they erected their own church and when at last a visit was paid them the crowds that carne in from all around were more than the church could hold. Fortu- nately the weather was fine and the service was held in the shade of a giant mango tree, with the eager listeners grouped around on the ground. Gradnally indifference has passed and is passing. Sometimes A PAPUAN CHRISTIAN EVANGELIST illness, sometimes the injustice of white men have brought the natives to the mission and the trust and confidence of a village have been gained: Even through times of disappointment and no apparent result the harvest has been ripening.

Today as we lift up our eyes to those villages dotted along the coast, those threads of smoke rising from many a foothill and telling of habitation, those inland hamlets, those patches of gardens that cover the brows of mountains that slope seaward-we realize that the fields in southeastern New Guinea, are white unto harvest. "Pray ye, therefore" not only on behalf of these waiting crowds who realize their need but also for the multitudes of the unpenetrated New Guinea, where cannibalism is still rife and unspeakable cruelty still is the order of the day. Missionaries at the front line depend upon the support in prayer of God's people at home, not only for themselves but that He will make possible the extension and increase of work which at present only reaches the fringe of the need of Christ in New Guinea.

"The Quest for God in China"

BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, D.D., F.R.G.S., MADISON, NEW JERSEY Editor of the" World Missionary Atlas," Etc.

W ITHIN a few months of each other two notable volumes of lectures upon Chinese religions have been put upon the American markets; though the one with which we have to do was originally published in London. Dr. Stewart's" Chinese Culture and Christianity" is somewhat fuller and also more popularly written, though it does not have behind it the longer experience in dealing with Chinese religionists found in Mr. 0 'Neill's volume, nor has it the same degree of Chinese scholarship underlying it that we see in the latter series -of lectures. Though Dr. Stewart has in his title the name of Christianity, it is not at all emphasized in the book itself; whereas in Mr. O'Neill's volume, there is evident a real "quest for God" even in the midst of superstitions and mere ethics. Space limitations do not permit further comparisons between these two worthy productions of scholarly authors, both of whose works are well worth a careful reading.

The Rev. F. W. S. O'Neill, the author of our volume, went to Manchuria on China's northeastern border in 1897. 'Since that time he has both wrought as a missionary and has studied the religious backgrounds of his great task in a manner worthy of his predecessor in the United Irish and Scotch Mission, the late Dr. John Ross, author of "The Original Religion of China." With this fine record of twenty-eight years' service and accomplishment, coming from his parish 13,000 miles in extent, with its half a million inhabitants whose religious beliefs and life he had come to know so well, it was most fitting that the General Assembly of the Irish Presbyterian Church should have availed itself of a furlough and appointed him to deliver before Belfast Presbyterian College this excellent portrayal and interpretation of the varied faiths of China.

What was originally intended for theological students may also appeal to the wider public represented in the REVIEW. The author's aim "has been to combine the concrete with the abstract, personal impressions and facts of observation, along with borrowings from experts in these fairly well-explored domains, so that as far as possible the outlines of a living picture may be presented and the interest of the general reader secured."

After a chapter on the meaning of religion and its place in the mind and heart of man, Mr. O'Neill allures us of the feverish West by the title of his next lecture, "How to Attain Peace-Ancient Taoism and Quietism." A Taoist feast in a great Mukden temple introduces the discussion. A hungry group of Taoists sat silently 209 l4

before steaming bowls of millet and greens until they were cold while acts of worship were going on and an acolyte was giving thanks by carrying a small cup of millet to present to the kitchen god. Then follow the main teachings of the shortest religious canon Te of the world, Lao Tzu's Tao Ching, about half the length of St.

Mark's GospeL It is a glorification of Tao-Reason, ~Way, or ,Vord, more strictly speaking, like the Logos of St. John 1: 1. Mysterious as the Canon is, from its ambiguous characters, men have found in all ages the murmuring of cosmic impulse, elan vital, "the nameless living Source of all that passed the stage." It gained wonderful literary increments from one of China's most elegant writers, Chuang Tzu, Taoism's Plato. It also claimed the close attention of all Chinese aspirants for office who in early centuries were obliged to pass examination upon this classic of Lao Tzu; and alternately it was admired and forbidden until in our own day, Admiral Tsai Ting-kan has condensed his studies of fifteen years into a remarkable commentary. The choice selections from Ohuang Tzu (found on pp. 46-47) show what readers of out-of-the-way Chinese literature may often find. 'We are not asked to lose our interest in this faith by its later history of the search for the elixir of life and for immortality and its gross superstitions but are finally reminded of Taoist" mysticism, with appraisals of mysticism by such authorities as Evelyn Underhill, though Lao Tzu would supply that author with a mysticism hard to be understood.

Then follows a chapter that students do not find duplicated in the regular treatises on Chinese religions, devoted to "The Open Oourt-a Modern Spiritualist Society." It is prefaced by a toilsome ascent over seven thousand steps to the summit of T 'ai Shan, more than a mile above sea-level, where the Emperor Shun, nearly 800 years before Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, ascended to offer sacrifices to God and to mountains and rivers. Here is a shrine to YU Huang Shang Ti, Pearly Emperor God, whose throne is in the North Star, with its most sacred earthly shrine on this mountain top, where worship has been offered to various deities for more than four thousand years. A Oonfucian temple is also found on this summit, but compared with the Taoist deity, the Sage is neglected by the thousands of pilgrims. Nowhere else in the world do so many climb so high for God. This popular quest for the Divine is far different from that found in what O'Neill translates as "The Open Oourt," the Tao Yuan, literally" Oourtyard of the Way. " This modern form of Taoist development flourishes most in northern centers. Its thought and ritual gather about "The North Pole True Scripture," a canon given a Ohinese army officer in 1920 as dictated through a planchette writing on sand by the Great First Oause. From Tsinan F'u, province of Shantung, where the revelation was thus given, the Open Oourt and its Scriptures

19271 "'rUE QUEST FOR GOD TN CHINA"

have spread well over Uhina, carrying among other teachings these two: The intellectual basis is a combination or Five Religions, Taoism, Christianity, Buddhism, Mohammedanism and Confucianism, the founders of which are to be worshipped, along with the Gods, Saints and Buddhas of the whole world.

Above all, the one Divine Being to whom worship is due is "He who was from t1}e Beginning, the Most Holy Primeval Ancestor."

Generally speaking this school of rraoism holds that "the cultivation of the inner life consists in meditation, to purify the heart and moderate the passions, while the cultivation of its outward expression consists in philanthropic work, teaching and feeding the hungry being alike in importance. God is considered to be the Boundless Spirit, the Primal Source of Life, but is not to be regarded under such human designations as father or king." Although the Tao Yuan combines the five chief religions, we are told that "it does not create a new religion, for all these faiths spring from the Great Prinieval Tao." In its philanthropic section it is called" The Red Swastika Society," concerning which our author says: In China this ancient symbol is not the mark of opposition to the Cross. Happily it stands for nothing less honorable than a rivalry in good works, and as such we welcome the raising of the banner of the Red Swastika.

In "The Basis of Conservatism-Confucianism" Mr. O'Neill takes up what has been for more than 2,300 years the most influential religion of China, the ethics and political teachings of "The 1'hroneless King of China. " We do not wholly agree with 0 'Neill in his statement that "the Chinese are, and always have been, profoundly secular, as the Indians are, and always have been, profoundly religious." Yet it is true that Confucianism has been dominantly secular since the early period when its religion was so prominent in the sections of the Book of History previous to the chronicles of the Ohou Dynasty, 1122 B. O. This view of religion our author then proceeds to illustrate through quotations showing Chinese ideas of God, the following Ode being a sample: How great is God, The ruler of men below! How arrayed in terrors is God! Yet His will is often disregarded. God created the myriad people, Yet His ordinances are not relied upon. All men are good at birth, But not many remain so to the end.

From that earlier period we pass on to the age of ChuHsi, the greatest of Confucian commentators, who in our twelfth century so explained the earlier views that God evanishes into Law and Air, or as we might say, into Force and Matter, making Oonfucianism

strongly matedalistic. We wish that here our author had given his readers the gist of Dr. Bruce's estimate in "Ohu Hsi and His Masters. " But Mr. 0 'Neill proceeds to give a vivid sketch of the great Oonfucius. He also quotes a Ohristian Ohinese scholar who makes the famous word jen, often translated benevolence, to mean love, urging that "the aim of Oonfucius for the individual is to be an incarnation of Love, and for society to live the normal life." On page 93 we find the famous sorites of Oonfucius-traditionally attributed to him at least-in which the" Great Learning" teaches that the cultivation of the person should be one of the central objects of education, so that "throughout the country in the Government Schools of today a regular subject of study is the cUftivation of the person, the building up of the life, or as we should put it, the science of moral conduct." The chapter in its eulogy of the great Sage (page 95) and in its closing paragraph shows what this conservatism contains. "What is humanity~" was a question put to the Master whom Ohina has chosen for two millenniums to follow. The Master answered', "To love men." "vVhat is knowledge~" The Master said, "To know men." And finally the climax of his doctrine, a seed of eternal truth, is the saying of Oonfucius, "He who desires to kuow men must of necessity first know God. "

Enrly Buddhism or "Deliverance for All," next follows with its winsome story of Buddha's early life and his later teachings when he had attained enlightenment under the famous Bo tree of Buddha Gaya. 0 'Neill holds that his great attraction for men came from his becoming a beggar from being an aristocrat-though hardly "renouncing a throne," as we here read. And he quotes a beautiful sentence or two from Professor Hopkins, beginning with, "N0 man ever lived so godless yet so godlike." He closes with this statement in reply to those who regard his eulogy of Buddha as derogatory to Ohrist: "Let us bring our doubt to the King Himself, and along with the doubt bring Gotama. Oan we suppose for an instant that Jesus Ohrist would not rejoice to welcome a forerunner, so intent upon the highest as the Prince of the Sakyas ~ Surely we have not so learned Ohrist, who counted it not a thing to be grasped at to be on an equality with God but emptied Himself, becoming obedient unto death. Rather do we hear Him uttering His glad commendation: 'Well done, good and faithful servant; enter into the joy of thy Lord.' "

But it is not the historical Buddha who is the main attraction for Ohinese and Japanese Buddhists-in this chapter Japanese views as well as those of the Ohinese are described-it is rather that the dying hopes of millions of believers are turned toward the Pure Land, the 'Vestern Paradise, where Amida Buddha and his associate Kuan Yin, the Merciful, stand ready to receive the dying into an eternal bliss, mainly material in nature, but diametrically opposed

1927J "THE QUES'l' l'OR GOD IN rJHINA"

to the sensual Paradiso of Mohammed. 0 'Neill does not attempt to explain this paradise from the endless mazes of the 1,662 volumes of the Mahyana writings, but he does quote two. One is "The Awakening of Faith," the translation of which by Dr. Timothy Richard makes Buddhism a second Christian Gospel, and which o 'Neill rightly relegates to a different category because of Dr. Rich- ard's manifest reading into the classic Christian views not at all justified by the text itself. The merciful goddess of Buddhism, known in China as "Kuan Yin" and in Japan as "Kuannon" is to devout Buddhists what the Virgin Mary is to Roman Catholics. Her full name is "the All Compassionate, Uncreated Saviour, the Royal Budhisat who hears the cries of the world." The faces of sailors and of childless-especially sonless-women turn to her always, but at death both she and Amida are pictured on the brink of the tVestern Paradise ready to welcome souls to their presence, saved by "trust in that Buddha's abounding might and pity, and through faithful repetitions of his holy name." Most interesting interviews' of the author with leading Buddhists close this discussion; but an added chapter describes recent movements within Chinese Buddhism, fostered by a publication entitled "The Sound of the Tide," and by the leadership of Judge Mei and the main propagandist, Tai Hsii, a learned and saintly monk. Its association, called" The Perfect Enlightenment Association," has the following purpose: "To propagate the essence of Mahayana Buddhism, so that the wicked may be led to loving kindness, the selfish into righteousness, the wise to rejoice in truth, the strong to love of virtue; and to transform this warworn suffering world into a place of peace and happiness. "

Mohammedanism in China is of little importance and is treated in a brief yet informing chapter. Chapter X on "The New Thought Tide-Some Recent Religious Movements" is very illuminating. Variously named-" The New Civilization Movement, " "The Chinese Renaissance"-they all have as their purpose "a critical examination of the cultural inheritance and institutions of the past, with a view to reconstruction in every department of human activity." They all write in large letters 1VHy7 over all the thinking of New China's scholars.

o'Neill's two final chapters, "From Dependence to Leadership- Christianity in China" and" The Message of the West to the East" are excellent,thbugh little as to Chinese religions is found in them. A real religious and ethical awakening in the newest and most populous republic of the world is taking place. As the author urges, leadership of the highest and truest sort is demanded from the Chinese Church and its sisters of all Christian nations, and especially from America. Now is not the time for retreat, but for a strong and determined advance.

Unknown Chinese Christian*

BY ROBERT GILLIES, KIANGClfOW, SHANTUNG T HE city of Kiang'chow, ShantuIlg', was placarded from end to end. We counted forty-seven varieties. "The Sins of Brit- ain" were vividly depicted in flaming pictorials. "How to boycott the foreigner" was set forth in colored diagrams. Even the Girls' Primary scholars had a "manifesto" describing the conditions of lahor in far-away Shanghai, and pleading for their sisters groaning under the iron heel of the oppressor.

The air had resounded with curses—-{Jurses on Britain, curses on foreigners generally, and ridicule for the missionaries. The school boys had held mass meetings, and sectional open-air demonstrations, also processions. But the soldiers kept on drilling, indifferent to the student agitation.

The long day had closed, and the night was fiercely hot. On the flat roof one might perhaps feel the flicker, should a cooler breeze sweep over the dusty drill ground near by. The other workers had gone to the hills at last, after scares and delays, and I was alone.

Night in a city awakens thoughts of the'spiritual darkness of mankind. To a Christian worker in a heathen land the night watches bring an oppression unknown in Christian lands., …

Half a century of missionary work had that city seen. Names honored in missionary biography came to mind, and Christians who had won the martyr's crown had labored in the place. And yet by the church, the school, and the hospital buildings, dimly silhoutted in the starlight, problems rather than recent successes were suggested.

The anti-foreign element inside (as well as without) the Church; popular patriotism crowding out personal piety in the message delivered; and the lives lived by leaders-so many puffed up by knowledge, and useless to the wayfaring and ignorant; the backsliders and the crowd, always learning yet never coming to the knowledge of the truth!

There came a great stillness in the air. The city had gone to sleep …… but no! There was a voice steadily speaking. On the mound near by, a crowd of boys had last week screamed themselves hoarse cursing the foreigners. Were they at it again, or scheming' some night demonstration1 Then the voice became audible. It was evidently away toward the city wall, out on the waste land near the soldiers' temple, and the words came with intermittent distinctness- "All sinners: Adam the first man, …… born in sin, needing salvation. "

*The Oh1'istian, London, January 6, 1927. 214 I listened to the Old, Old Story, told anew with force. The voice sounded out louder and plainer: "Jesus has died for you ….. . •Jesus can save."

Who was the speaker? It was not the deacon's cultured voice. Nor was it the evangelist. It was an unfamiliar voice. There could be no doubt that his audience were giving attention. The warmth of his outflow was not such as unwilling hearers would call forth.

It was an unfamiliar voice. This was" the unknown Ohristian." …… God bless him! They were unknown listeners ……. God bless them!

Far off, near the central drum tower, the night gong clanged. The watchmen were off on their next round. "Vatchman! what of the night 1 The morning cometh." And the King'dom of God cometh not with outward show (Luke 17: 20, marg).

I went to my room that night with a burden lifted. God was stiU using the "unknown Ohristians," not alone the leaders in the limelight.

The Old, Old Story in Turkey H AIDAR PASHA is a suburb of Constantinople, where wealthy merchants live. In the cool summer evenings the Turkish ladies love to emerge from their harems and gather on the roofs to chat, sing, and play stringed instruments. One evening, after one of the missionary ladies was in bed, she heard a Turkish lady on a neighboring roof strum on the guitar and begin to sing in a rich contralto voice. Her English was perfect, and she was singing, "Tell Me the Old, Old Story. " Tbe missionary hastily slipped on bel' dressing gown, and walked out on her roof, whence she could just discern tbe neighboring Turkish ladies.

"That is a Christian hymn you have been singing, madam," she said, hardly expecting an answer, for it is against rrurkish custom for a woman to uncover her face or to speak to one of another faith.

"Yes," she replied in soft tones. "Are you, then, of the Cbristian faith?" "N0," sbe said, "I am a Mobammedan; but I love some of your hymns." The missionary bade her good-night, but the next day sbe wrapped up a small New Testament and tossed it on the roof of the women '8 residence. Some montbs afterward, she found the following letter on bel' roof: "I found tbe Bible which you threw on my roof, and offer you my thanks. I have read it many times and love it. The reading about Jesus Christ has melted my heart. I am compelled to be a secret Christian as we cannot do what we would here; but I am sure Jesus understands and knows that I intend to worship Him.

-Adieu, AZAlDE."

Christ Means to

BY A KOREAN STUDENT IN SEOUL F IRST, I give praise to the greatness and glory of my Lord who delivered me out of my sin and made me able to write this confession. Amen. I believe that Jesus Christ is the Saviour of all people. The Bible shows us that man, who was submitted to the horrible power of death and subject to destruction, received the life and light again through Christ. Every Christian experiences the new life and light. As for me, Christ is my two-fold Saviour. Christ saved me not once only, which he did completely, but two or three times.

Formerly, I had a mental agony which nobody else knew and a serious illness which could not be remedied by medical treatment. I had no hope and everything was discouraging to me. For many years, I was roving about in the dreary valley of grief and despair, always heaving deep sighs. I had nothing to do but wait for my last day on which I was destined to die. My blood was drying up day by day and my flesh was getting thinner and thinner. Sometimes, I got to such an extreme that I thought I would escape from the pains by committing suicide r Who could save me out of my anguish 1 But, joy to me r Christ pitied me. As soon as I saw the light of Christianity, the anguish with which I was writhing day and night, changed into joy and the illness which used to discourage me so much became a whip to drive me to live a better life. All the things which dazzled me helped me to understand the mysterious great IVill. From that day on, I began to run toward Christ. The nearer I get to him step by step, the more joy and peace I receive. Since He saved me from death and disappointment, He is not only my Lord of atonement, but also the Lord of my joy, hope, and health.

I had many defects in my character and was wide open to sinful temptations. After Christ came to me, He daily changed the defects and supplemented the lacks and made me strong enough to get away from enticements to evil. If I have any good trait in my character or enjoy the pleasure of a victor, lowe every thing to my Lord. Christ is my victory and my character. Christ is my goal and the focus of my fervent hope.

BY A KOREAN PASTOR Christ is my Saviour: He not only made me exist but He protects me, teaches me, warns me against evil, atones for my sin and prepares a place in Heaven for me. Christ is the nearest one to me. He pitied us who were wandering- like a shepherdless flock and incarnated Himself in human form to preach the Gospel and establish His religion in the world, telling His disciples to preach "unto the end of the 216 world." Therefore, I, who was a sinner, believe in Him now and am saved. Since Christ is the foundation of my salvation, how intimate is His relation to me! Since Christianity led me to acquire the great salvation, how great is that relation to mel I can say much as to this relation, but to sum up in one word, "It is life."

BY A THEOLOGICAL STUDENT Jesus Christ called me, a great sinner, and inspired me with the mighty power of the Bible to make me a Christian.

1. My Position Changed. Previously, although I was a formal Christian, my mind still adhered to worldly things and no mental ehange occurred. I did not repent of my sins nor accept Christ as my Saviour. I did not have any standard of living and suffered a great deal of mental disturbance. Then Christ came along and ehanged my position, first of all, to make me one of His disciples. At the time of the Korean Independence Movement, I was put into a prison where I was converted to a real Christian by reading His Word, which was the only source of comfort there, even though I had read the Confucian classics and the Buddhist doctrines. While in pri[3on, I decided to enter the ministry as soon as I got out. I did not enter it and wanted to do His work in a different way but, later on God showed me that that was not what He wanted, by leading me to another crisis.

2. My Mind Changed. While I was working for the church, with a mind not repentant, I found that although the church members had confidence in me, I had a sin growing up in my mind, unknown to others. God warned me of this by a serious illness. I had an operation and the doctor told me that there was no hope of recovery. I read the Bible again and again, finding comfort from it, and I thought of my sins and repented or them. I entrusted all my future to Him. After a month, I left the hospital and entered the Theological Seminary.

3. The Ideal of Life Changed. My first idea of entering Seminary was to strengthen my faith so that I could be saved. But during the last three years, as I have come into closer contact with Him, He changed that idea and I realized that I must preach Gospel and testify as to my personal Christian experiences.

First Christ isolated me from the world in which I was interested; second, He showed roe His abundant Grace and made me turn my feet toward Him; third, He taught me that the ideal of life is to bring sinners to Christ. These are the ways which our Lord used with His disciples. He is doing the same thing in winning His disciples throughout the ages. The Bible is not a mere historical text, but a living Word, always workinl5 and revealing the ·truth in the mind of every Christian.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Joint Committees with Home MISSIONS Missions Council Officer. Joint Administrative-Dr. C. L. White. Alaska-Mrs. Katherine S. Westfall. President-Mrs. John Ferguson, United Churoh Building-Mr. A. F. Wickes. Presbyterian. City and Urban Indust>'ial .Relations-Dr.

Viee·President-at-Large-Mrs. F. W. Wil- W. P. Shriver. cox, Congregational. Hebrews-Dr. John S. Conning. Indian Missions- V ice- Presidents- Litemt1.re-l!iss Sara Estelle Haskin. Migrant Groups-Rev. Ralph S. Adams. Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Bap- Mormonism–R{)v. Glaton S. Rice. Negro Americans-Dr. George R. Hovey. tist. New Americans-Mrs. D. E. Waid. Orientars and Hawaiians-Dr. G. W. Hin- Mrs. AtheUa M. Howsare, (}hristian. man. Miss Daisy June T'rout, Disciples of Publicity-Rev. Coe Hayne·. Recruitin.q- Christ. Spani..h-spea"king People in the United Mrs. J. S. Stamm, Evangelical. State.•- Standardization of Home "Mis8ionary Sen'- Miss Grace Lindley, Protestant Episcopal. icp- Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friemls. TOlcn and Country (irwruding Mountaineers) Miss Amdi~ D. Kemp, Lutheran. Dr. Malcolm Dana.

Mrs. M. L. Copeland, Colored Methodist Cmn.iiy (.<pecialj-Rev. H. N. Morse.

Episcopal. Executives Mrs. M<try I,. Coleman, Free Methodist. E:recutil'e Secretary-Miss Florence E. Quinlan. Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Methodist E:recutive Supervisor, Farm anit Cannery Episcopal. Migrants-Miss Laura H. Parker.

Mrs. J. "V. Downs, ~fcthollist Episcopal, Office Secretary and Assiiltant to Supervisor -Miss Edith E. Lowry. South. Western Slipervisor, Farm and CannerJj Mrs. A. P. Badger, Methodist Protestant. Migrn.nt.<-Miss Adela J. Ballard.

~Mrs. W. C. Winshorough, Presbyterian ;n Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn Morse.

the U. S.

Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, Presbyterian in the U. S. A. .

Mrs. Taber Knox, Reformed in America.

Miss Alice E. Bell, United Brethren_ Miss Bessie MacMurchy, Presbyterian, Canada.

"Mrs. Colin G. Young, United, Canada.

'V. ReccH'ding Secretul'1J-Mrs. Edwin Lentz, Reformed in the U. S.

Treasurer-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Northern WORLD PILGRIMAGE OF PRAYER Baptist. As we approach the annual Day of Members-a.t-La.rge Prayer for lIissions one can not but he t'hrilled with anticipation. for this I1Irs. George W. Coleman, Mrs. W. H. C. :,<-ear for the first time the Christian Goode, Mrs. D. E. Waid.

CommHtees and Ohairmen women and girls of all lands are unit- ing in prayer for the work of Christ Admini"tmtive-:Irs. •Tohn Ferguson, all around the world. Chautauqua–Mrs. •Tohn Ferguson. Conferences ana Sc1lO0!S of Missions-Mrs. Tt will be literally trne on lfarch 4th that "from the rising of the slln Philip M. Hossman. unto the going' down of the same, the TJord's name is to be praised." As Day of Pracller for 'Missions–Mrs. S. S. the earth begins her journey around the sun on that day. grollps of women Hough. and girls, and men, too, in ,Tapan, Farm ann, Cannery Migrants-Mrs. Kenneth Korea ann China and all the Orient will be wending their way to the D. Miller. trysting place. North and South Legislative Mattors-if1-s. Samnel Semple. Sf'udent Work-Miss Muriel Day. StUll" Courses and Literature-Miss E.

Je~sie Ogg. Women '8 Church a·n,l Missionary Federa- tions-J.Iiss Carrie M. Kerschner.

218 America will follow, also the IslandH OUR PART and Europe, Africa and Asia, until the world shall be encircled with a Oh what if tho one we ha vc failed to uphold garment of praise and prayer. By the prayers that we did not pray, You who read these lines will Should fall in defeat at the battle '8 front, surely want to join this pilgrimage. Or falter along life's way~ Those who have been observing this interdenominational Day of Prayer Do vou think the fault would be wholly in North America have found it to be • theirs one of the most enriching experiences of the year. We earnestly urge the If, weary and sick at heart, . women and girls of all races, whether They failed to render some servIce true in city, town or country, to unite in the observance. When we did not do our part f To what extent are our girls and -LILL,IAN M. WEEKS. young women sharing in the plans and privileges of the Day of Prayer A SPEAKERS' BUREAU for Missions? Are they definitely organized for interdenominational co- Clevela.nd Federa.tion of Cl1.urch operation 1 During the day many are employ.ed in industry or are in Women school. We recommend, therefore, that in every community a special By GERTRUDE CODY WHEATO~ meeting for girls be held in the evening. Chairman, Speakers' Bureau, Cleveland What an opportunity to bring to " You are missionaries, going out them-our successors of ten, fifteen to be speakers for God. You are or twenty years hence-new vis~ons missionaries. You must remember of unitv, new inspirations for serVIce! that. You are going to win other;; They need to feel the thrill of com- to love the knowledge of the Kingdom radeship in this vast army of womer, of God." from all the great Protestant communions, united in the fellowship of The speaker was chairman of the prayer. Nothing will prepare them 'Woman's Department of the Federmore adequately for those broader ated Churches of Cleveland. The conceptions of our common task; occasion was a luncheon given at the nothing will develop in them more home of one of the women, where fifty splendidly that catholic sympathy interdenominational lay women were and that sense of interdenominational invited to come to discuss their compartnership which are the marks of mon problems as speakers. The this new day in missions. standard which was set for these women was, "Freely ye have re- There i8 a place upon some distant shore ceived, freely give."

Where thou canst send the wOl"ker or the Missionary information, missionary enthusiasm, missionary attitude have Word; been given to them and they are go- ing forth to give to others in mission- There is a place where God's resi8tkss ary societies, forums, Sunday-schools, settlements, schools, clubs and other power gatherings. In this group almost every denomination is represented: Responsive mores to thine insistent plea; Presbyterian, Lutheran, U nit e d Brethren, Congregational, Evangeli- There is a place, a simple trysting place, cal, Methodist, Baptist, Disciples, Episcopal, Reformed, United Pres- Where God Himself descends and fights byterian.

for thee. Each speaker chooses the subject8 on which she has the most enthusiasm Where is that blesser] place f Dost thou ask and information and then finds the most attractive titles for her talks. whc]"e~ A subject such as "A Moslem Mother's Plea" is given as a mono- o soul, it is the secret place of prayer. logue, the speaker wearing Moham- medan costume. Another subject, -Selected. needed in a city of unusual race problems, is "Contributions of the

Negro Race." In connection with discussion was that no charges in any this arrangements have been made so way are made. Our services are free.

that a group of Negro singers may Those who are mothers are told they be secured to follow the speech on may request two dollars to cover the their race with beautiful Negro spir- expense of care for their children ituals and they themselves tell how while they are absent from home.

their songs grew and came into be- Otherwise no fee is received. A num- ing. Another subject, very popular ber of times a check for five or ten this year, is "The Story of Moham- dollars has been given to a speaker med, " an excellent introduction to and she has given it back to the chair- the study of the foreign textbook. man for the missionary collection an.l Impersonations are very popular, and to help meet the society's own ap- among them are the "Four Minute portionment.

Tuck-ins," printed by Board of Mis- Some of our speakers have traveled sionary Cooperation, Northern Bap- and actually seen the fields they pre- tist Convention, recited as though the sent under such titles as "South speaker were an immigrant still America as a Church Woman Saw wearing her native costume. One It," "Porto Rico and .Our Island woman chose the .subject, "Why Men Possessions as Seen By a Lay Woman Should Study Missions." She feels Worker," "Our Indians of the that women have had a monopoly on Northwest," "Why I Love the Mounthe study books long enough so she tain People." is out urging the women to start Men's Missionary Forums where the Occasionally we have furlougheel men study the mission books and missionaries iu our midst and, of bring the results of their work to a course, precedence is given them mixed group of men and women. when calls come in. For two year8 Other women give introductions to one person received all calls for the the study books of the year in such Bureau but the demand has grown a way as to stimulate interest and so that four women receive calls and open the minds of church people to recommend speakers. When the the possibility of adult education chairman was asked how she got her along mission study lines. ~peakers, she quickly replied, "I grab them. " As soon as she hears that a The chairman urges the speakers to use stereopticon, costumes, pic- woman has returned from a trip or tures, story-telling, exhibits and in has become especially interested in every way to make their subjects as some phase of home or foreign mis· attractive as possible so that a pattern and example can be set to the sionary work, she goes to call on her group on the way they can develop and ask her to serve as s-peaker their own programs using their own through the Bureau. If she has an talent. Speakers are told to make interesting subject and a pleasing suggestions for further study. One way of presentation she may receive many calls.

instruction is: "Place in the hands This Bureau is receiving hundreds of the program chairman some of the of calls and is continually adding interdenominational literature, books, more· s-peakers to the list, which aland sources of information on where ready numbers sixty. If further in- books can be found to stimulate adult formation" is desired. write The Fed- edueation on the knowledge of the erated Churches, 701 Hippodrome Kingdom of God." Building, Cleveland, Ohio.

On the day of our luncheon thc If women work together interde- speakers had a keen discussion on the nominationally they soon think to- subject, "Shall we charge a fee for vether and a wav is paved wherebv our services?" The result of that denominational lines are minimized.

Woman's Foreign~Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE MILWAUKEE STUDENT 1. The Accessibility of God-Can we come into personal fellowship with God, and CONFERENCE how~ The Milwaukee Conference called together 2,500 students during their 2. The Universality of God-What does Christmas holidays. They came from it mean to believe in a God who is Father all over the country to confer for four of all mankind ~ days upon the fundamentals of life. :1. The Love of God and Divine Possibil- ities of Human Life.

4_ The Meaning of the Cross.

'rhe Council of Christian Associations '1'he Reverend G. A. Studdert-Kenfclt that the time was ripe for a nedy of London made a great contrifrank, fearless examination of the bution to the conference through his facts of our modern civilization in rc- personality and message. He conlation to "The Resources of Jesus for ducted all the worship periods and the Life of, Our World." gave the deep message of the Cross.

There was no attempt to deal with Although this conference was not theological questions about Jesus, but sct up to deal specifically with the rather to emphasize living as Jesus missionary enterprise it could not lived so that we may find the best life avoid its implications or its history.

a8 He found it in His day. Several times it was brought out how Eminent scientists were brought to nationalism and unethical conduct ~how that it is possible to believe both between nations were putting up a in God and in science. Leading phi- wall against foreign missions. The losophers were there to tell how we generation preceding this got its can believe in modern philosophy great dynamic through the foreign without losing hold of religion. Ex- missionary appeal to expatriate one:s perts on social hygiene and leaders Relf, but it created the task for thIS in industrial relationships, the psy- generation, namely, to Christianize chologist, the mystic and the man of the so-called Christian nations.

prayer, were all there to pour out Said Howard Thurman, "I cannot from platform, informal group, con- be the kind of person I ought to be ferences and personal interviews, till every other is the kind he ought their experience of the reality of God. to be. The lost needs me and·1 need The heart of the conference was ex- the lost, so that we know today in a pected to be felt in the daily discus- new way that there is an essential sion groups of which there were fifty kinship of all people in the world.

or more under trained leaders. But "What the Church tries to say to g-reat dissatisfaction was felt at this men about salvation is that God needs point for only about half the groups them and can never be what He were found to be getting anywhere. hungers to be in His world till all be- The real heart of the conference come sons. There is something each seemed rather to be felt in those in- has to say to me that cannot come till formal groups about the leaders in He says k I go to the mission field the afternoons. Here each student because He has something for me and conld choose the expert he felt could I release His bonds through hospitals help him most in his own problems and schools and churches, that He of mind and spirit. may give to the world what He has to The Resources of Jesus for the Life give_ "

of Our World were divided into four Said Dr. Charles Gilkey: "The cycles: real motive power of the foreign mis- 221

'rIlE "NrrSS[Q~ARY RBVHJW OF THE W:ORLD

sionary came straight from Christ. tile j;'athcr God exists at all! l'hc His superiority complex was his bag- major effort of the Christian Church gage. But if today the motive is left in this generation must be to capture behind, we shall find Christianity it- the national will of Christian coun- self is left behind!" tries. But the Christian Church is Dr. Timothy Lew of Peking gave split into two hundred denominations.

five points on How Christians Made Only one thing will bring us together it Difficult for the World to Believe -a' program so big we cannot do it in Christ: Failure of Christians to alone! live what they profess to believe; su- 'l'here were three other things in perficiality and halfheartedness in the conference which contributed to practicing the precepts; wrong atti- the misf!ionary consciousness. There tude of superiority towards those they was a beautiful pageant called "The help; failure to keep their motives Quest for Trllth" which depicted the pure-exploitation; failure to carry worship of all ages and nations in out the principle of love and unity their mutual search for God.

among themselves-Christian Church Also there was a very fine Exhibit torn by divisions. containing sixteen booths, several of President Mordecai Johnston, of which were filled with illustrations of Howard University, said that race the outreach of students and churches antagonism is a world problem and a and associations into foreign lands. moral problem. It is keener today But of all, the International Teas than ever because of economic and each afternoon brought us closest to- imperial domination of Western O~'"hcothewr ewreitwh itthheu1s50frofmore3i2gncosutundtreinetss. nations. All men want freedom from political domination. They want edll- So graceful were these hostesses in cation to fit them for a world, and their native costumes and entertain- they need self-respect and fundamen- ment of song and instrument, that a tal fellowship with all mankind. It particular glow of fellowship came would be the glory of ,Vestern from that room. nations to give it quickly while it can In closing I should like to say that be given. the Negro delegates to Milwaukee He said that Christianity has a were ideally a part of the student program for other peoples. It iR body. There was natural participaradical; it grows out of thc Father- tion aml fellowship throughout, and hood of God. "Be careful how yon some of the biggest debts we owe are crush men's wills-for every in- to their leaders who spoke to the condividual is a son of God." On every inter-r~cial front in tIle world Chris- ference.

tianity has such representatives. Er,IZABETH COLE FLEMING.

They have given to the world the THE CONFERENCE THROUGH finest exposition of power in losing INDIAN EYES life. But the quantity of what they By KAlIfAL ARLIOK have done is so small, and the paee i~ A Student from Isabella Thoburn College, so slow compared to the economic and Lucknow, India political exploitation that the total This was my first experience of a effect is an antagonism. The total large conference. I heard that three effect is small as it is because they thousand students were going to at- have not received f!llfficient support tE'ud it. The number meant little to from the home base. me till I was actually seated in a sec- The result is Christianity has lived tion of tIle Milwaukee Auditorium.

on the enthusiasm of missionaries. Prom here I looked all around and For the reality of their faith in world saw every state of the Union repre- sonship they have dared everything. st'uted. How we ever got registered But we at home, who have dared or went through all the red tape was nothing, stand in need of proof that a puzzle. What made these three

·1927] 'vmlAN'S PORElGN lUSSION BULLETIN

thousand students give up a part of of God'8 ulliversal fatherhood in the their Christmas vacation and convene rt'lations of races.

at such a remote spot ~ A safe reply ,. The Divine Possibilities of Human may be found. The student mind ii; Life" was the topic of the third cycle.

sensitive and alert and has been grow- What did Jesus think and say about ing impatient to play a part in the our possibilities f Do we deny these moulding of its great nation. The possibilities in ourselves as well as problems which have risen in thi~ others? What are our potentialities f land have been intricate. The deal- '1'he fearless and frank opinions ex- ings of this great land are being con- pressed by students showed that stantly denounced as unchristian. American students were not dying The students of today will control the from the so-called "materialized civi- world of tomorrow. 'I'hey must do lization. " '1'he most vital question something to remove any such stigma discussed in all groups was that of from their motherland. race relations. The solution was right What could have been a bettt·r there-the changed attitude of stutheme than the one chosen for the dents on the various campuses after whole conference? Jesus was the OIle the conference was over. What could man who could give them solutionH. be more practical and more difficult What resources did Jesus have for bnt not impossible? Of course there life in our' world? The first cycle are always severe criticisms and even consisted of the vital problem which ostracism, but was not Jesus Himself perplexes the youth of today-Can ostracised f God Be Accessible and How~" Dr. The outside world thinks we were Niebuhr of Detroit dealt with the over-zealous and carried away by our problem of "Practical Unbelief of hastily conceived notions on politics and race problems. Whatever the Modern Civilization. " Dr. Coffin case may be the passing of resolutions showed "How Jesus Found ]lellow- is a hare framework in the air and ship with God." Still more inspiring would remain there unless student was the personal testimony of Howard effort expressed itself in creative ac- Thurman-" In Finding God." The tivitv. devotional periods led by Dr. G. A. A~ a student from the Orient therc Studdert-Kennedy of England were are many great values which I rerefreshing. He very clearly pointed ceived from this conference. The very fact that there were students out that God was accessible even from almost eYery country of the through modern science. globe bears testimony to the fact of the brotherhood of man and Father- The second cycle centered around hood of God. The many contacts "God as a ]'ather of All Mankind." which we made with each other At this time we were all too con- opened up many problems which were scious of our idiosyncrasies and prej- udices. 'rhe addresses were challenges common to us all. By discussing thrown open to followers of Christ. these problems we often got a dif- Were we worthy of being called God '8 ferent viewpoint. Was not this a children? Dr. Gilkey showed Jesus' broadening experience in our lives? conception of God as Father of alL These contacts make us more sym· Dr. Timothy T. Lew of China pointed pathetic, less prejudiced, less se1£- out real truths that some Christians conceited. In this gathering I found were making it difficult for the world sohltions for the diverse problems of to believe in Christ. Kirby Page and untouchability, caste prejudices and Mordecai Johnston struck bed rock religious intolerance existing in my when speaking about the significance own country.

FROM l1fANY

LATIN AMERICA long procession of girls on their way The Bible in Mexico to church is an inspiration."

CIRCUIJATION of the Bible in The "Old, Old Story" in Peru Mexico has not been decreased by the religious disturbances and the en- MISS STANHOPE, a Christian forcement of the articles of the con- and Missionary Alliance worker stitution relating to foreign clergy. in Huanuco, Peru, writes: "Some- 'fhe Rev. Arthur H. Mellen, agency thing happened this week that gladsecretary of the Mexico Agency of dened our hearts. Mr. Hoy and one the American Bible Society, who ha~ of the natives gave out tracts in the been a resident of Mexico since 1909, cemetery on All Souls' Day. This is states that the Mexican government the day that the priests go to the officials have invariably been most cemetery to pray for the dead (if courteous and reasonable. 'fhe Mexi- they are paid for it). Two young can Agency of the Bible Society was men received tracts about eternal life. established in 1878 and since then After reading them, they talked it has circulated 1,553,311 volumes of over together and decided to come to the mission station to question us Scriptures. about it. They asked about eternal life and purgatory; and, when the Successful Schools in Mexico Word was explained to them, they MISS BLANCHE BETZ, a Meth- immediately asked what they might odist missionary in Puebla, do to obtain this life eternal. So we Mexica, writes: "Because so many of had the privilege of telling them the the government and Catholic schools old, old story. Do pray for them.

have closed, many children have come They were given New Testaments and to us and we have an enrollment of tracts and said they would come over five hundred. Instead of our in- again on Sunday. They are from a fiuence diminishing with the existing village the other side of the moun- conditions, our field has seemed to tains where there are no missionexpand. We have aIways conformed aries. "

with the law of 1917, so that when trouble arises and inspectors are sent The Union Church of Havana to Us, they are satisfied with condi- ENDORSED by the Committee on tions found, and we go peacefully on Cooperation in Latin America, our way. Since religious instruction the Federal Council of Churches, the in the primary school is forbidden, we Anglo-American Committee on Union have had to work through the medium Churches of the Foreign Missions of Junior Leagues and the Sunday- Conference, and the United Society school. We have religious instruction of Christian Endeavor, this church is in the secondary schools, however, rendering a great service to the Eng- and with the boarding students. We lish-speaking population of Havana.

have just had to close the passage- The work established by the Pres- way between the patio of our school byterian Board of National Missions and the church in order to conform (TT. S. A.) now includes in its mem- to the laws, and now we take the girls berRhip representatives of more than around the block to attend the serv- a dozen American and British de- ices at the church. The sight of a nominations. Plans are nOW under 224

927] NEWS FROM MANY hANDS

way for the erection of a church, a Bishop of Cuzco, in whose diocese we community building and a pastor's are, was furious, and wrote immedi- residence, the combined cost of which ately to Lima, asking that the license will reach $300,000. Rev. Merlyn A. granted to the Protestants for a Chappell, pastor of the church, says: school in Combapata might be can- "Like the American church in Paris, celed. The result was a letter to the the union churches of the Canal Zone Bishop to the effect that what had and the other great English-speaking been granted, had been granted once churches in foreign lands, the Union for all, and could not possibly be Church of Havana will be a little withdrawn. The Bishop then wrote portion of the finest of the United asking for permission to teach the States and Great Britain set down in Roman Catholic catechism in every an environment where it is most school, whether Protestant or other- needed. " wise, in his diocese; but to this he received a negative reply also and we Women Fighting the Lottery turned our hearts heavenwards and T 'V HE National League of Evangel- exclaimed-' Ebenezer!' This does not ical omen of Uruguay considers mean that the opposition has ceased, the lottery a serious menace to so- not by any means, and we earnestly ciety and has planned a campaign ask you to pray hard for us and the against it. .These Christian women work amongst these dark souls."

feel a definite challenge to throw their iniluence into the great war against Russians in South America T this evil that threatens the life of HE Russian Missionary Society is concerned with the spiritual their beloved country. They are counting upon the help of the best welfare of Russians in various parts citizens as they undertake the work. of the world, as well as in their native In Montevideo they have had a num- land. One of its fields is among the ber of public meetings, speaking in Russians who have gone to South the Sunday-schools and from the America, and its worker writes: pulpits. A play has been written "One can do a great work among the especially for this campaign and has Russian emigrants here, as there is been given in a number of places. yet no opposing organization or leader The printed page is being used, and to hinder our work. Our greatest de- 1,500 copies of a leaflet, "Is the Lot- sire is to visit all of the places, includ- tery Useful or HarmfuH" by Bishop ing Paraguay and Argentina, where Neely, have been distributed all over our Russian believers live, that we Uruguay. The women of this League may strengthen and cheer them in have invited the members of the their Christian life. We are happy, Christian churches to join them in rejoicing in all circumstances. The their fight against the lottery. They Lord has helped us arrange meetings have succeeded in getting the Nation- where my wife and I are able to sing al League of Evangelical Women of gospel songs, which attract many the Argentine to begin a similar cam- people to the meetings. Then the paign in their country. Lord shows His power by helping me to answer from the Bible the many Indian Church in Peru questions which the unconverted ask T HE Evangelical Union of South on different subjects." America has recently undertaken the erection of a church and school A Fearless Oolporteur A in an Indian pueblo near the mission BRAZILIAN colporteur over sixty years of age has for his field station in Sicuani, Peru. Their representative writes: "When the gov- the state of Alagoas, one of the ernment license had been granted and smallest in Brazil, yet as large as HoI.

the notices put in the papers, the land and Belgium. He is noted for 5

his fearlessness, especially when con- ish Gazette, published in Yiddish.

fronting one of the priests, ,. many or The Chl'istian Centnry comments on whom, " writes F. C. Glass of the article: " 'Thus,' says the Gazette, Garanhuns, North Brazil, ,. have the 'is the baptism plague spreading in power of life and death in their hands, Vienna.' It deplores that a Jewish even in liberal BraziL" After an en- city with such a glorious past should counter in thc market-place of the suddenly become a sacrifice to the town of Rio Largo, in the course of baptism plague, and' that it will trade which Fransisco challenged the priest the first of the ten commandments for to bring out his Bible and compare Christian mathematics, according to it with the ones which were being sold, which three times one is one.' It he was roughly accosted by a group asks, 'HOVi can it be that the Jews of of dangerous-looking ruffians. "The Vienna are increasing the black spot priest commands you to leave the town of conversion,' when in that city at once," they shouted, "or you shall 'from olden times until nOw they were suffer for it. ' , Fransisco boldly protected from pogroms, robbery and 100kel1 his enemies in the face and tyranny?' It declares that' the Jew· exclaimed: "Go, tell your priest that ish district of the capital of Austria on a certain day I was born, and on has sunk yery low' to have allowed a certain day I may have to die, but 1,000 Jews annually to 'become Chris- it will only be when God permits, so tians, M e s h 1~ 'Itt e d i m-outcasts. '

I shall continue my work in this Among the baptized were Hans Herzl, town. " son of the famous founder of the EUROPE Zionist movement. It is also reported that in Hungary 40,000 Jews have Snnday-schools in Iceland been baptized, that in Budapest the T WO Danish clergymen recently Presbyterians alone have received made a visit to Iceland under the 2.500 and that in Ukrainia many auspices of the British Committee of Christian congregations, composed the World's Sunday School Associa- exclusively of Jews, have been organ- tion, which supervises all organized ized. "

Sunday-school work on the Continent. Both visitors were cordially received Opportunity in Bulgaria T by ministers o)f all denominations. HE work of Rev. Paul L. Mish- koff, a Bulgarian graduate of The difficulties facing the establishmmt of Sunday-school work in Ice- Moody Bible Institute, has had the land on anything like a satisfactory backing of the Russia Evangelization basis are yer;v great, though not in- Society for se,'eral ycars, and has superable. The formation of the "hown a consistent gain from the be- country itself is an obstacle. The ginning. .A t first he began speaking work which is now being carried on in a small way, with few people p3y- is practically all in the hands of for- ing any attention. 'l'he crowds grew, eigners-principally Danish-w h (> workers were added, a Bible depot and know very little of the difficult Ice- readin'! room were established in the landic language, and the vital neces- city of Philippople; colporteurs were sity at the moment is to gain the added and an effort was made to visit interest and cooperation of the mem- the homes through the Bible women bers of the Church of Iceland in work whom Mr. Mishkoff selected especially among their own children. for that work. In the summer of T.Austrian Jews Turn Christian" 1924 two Daily Vacation Bible Schools were established, in Philip- HAT within the past twelve years pople and Sofia. As the schools eon- about 12,000 Jews in Vienna have tim1ed in session the attendance grew j.oined Christian churches, about hall' until the limits of the rooms were of them having become Roman Cath- reached and other would-be attend- olies, is a statement made by the Jew- ants were turned away, even though

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the parents pleaded for their admis- by forming a Federal Council, con- sisting of sixteen members. The task sion. As the children came home day of this Council is to avoid misunder- standings and tension between the after day, reporting what they had different Polish churches, which were so strongly separated hitherto by lweoarrdnsed~naelndhapnroelv-winogrkit by attractive national and confessional antagonism, and by their and to further the common tasks of Protestantism in Poland. As long better lives, the doors of these homes ago as 1555 there was some attempt at union, but such efforts then and opened one after another to the visits since have been fruitless. In the new Poland, the different Polish churches of the Bible women. have been led imperiously to a new effort toward union. Various at- Christian Federation in Latvia tempts have been made in recent years under foreig'n aid, including efforts F OR the first time since the Repub- by Sweden and by the World Alliance lic of Latvia was established, eight for International Friendship through years ago, a nation-wide movement the Churches. These preliminary efhas been begun to unite all the vari- forts have led now to the formation ous Christian organizations in a of a Federal Council whose conclusion national Christian federation. This has been sympathetically acknowlfederation, which has the support of edged by the Polish Government. high government officials, will be used as a medium through which to dis- New BnUdings fol' Sofia Schools tribute religious literature and conduct research' in methods of work. In T IMBER for the new buildings addition. it is believed, it will provide about to be constructed for the a means of cooperation, encourage- Sofia American Schools, Bulgaria, has ment, and coordination for all kinds been provided by the Ministerial of Christian organizations, large and Council of Bulgaria which has small. Its establishment resulted g'ranted the Schools permission to take almost dircctlv from the recent Week 3,000 cubic meters of timber for use of Prayer c~lllpaign, sponsored by in construction from government such organizations as the Y. "V. C. A., Ioreflts each year for five years, Y.lf.C.,…, and most of the leading de- with a promise of extending the grant nominations. The campaign, origi- beyond the total of 15,000 cubic naU~· organized merely for Riga, meter>: if necessary. 111'. Stoyan Milospread throug'lIout the Republic. According to Brackett Lewis, secretary sheff, Manager of the Banque de Sofia, of the Y.M.C.A., the Week of Prayer membel' of Parliament, is chairman brought together for the first time of the local committee for the Sofia representatives of three nationalities American Schools, which has agreed and nYe faith~. Only the Orthodox to raise a fund of about $100,000 to Old Believers declined to affiliate, but bnild a library for the Schools as a they expressed regret that their regu- memorial to the late George Washlations forbade. President Chak"te burn, who was president of Robert of the Republic is announced as Colleg-e, Constantinople, when Mr. patron. Milosheff and other prominent Bul- Polish Protestants Unite garians were students at the college.

WORD has come to the Federal The Bulgarian cabinet is made up Conncil of Churches from Poland that the six Evangelical churches in largely of graduates. of Robert Colthat country-the Polish Lutheran lege. Two, hundred s'tudents were Clmrch, the German "United Church, the Eyangelical Church of Augsburg turned away from the schools. this and Helvetian Confession in Galicia, the Evangelical United Church in year for lack of space in the old build- Silesia, and the two Reformed Churches-have found an agreement ings at Samokov, thirty-lh'e miles from Sofia. . .' .

AFRICA outside, all Egyptians but some of A Clearing-House on Africa them Evangelicals, addressed some of the meetings."

T HE new "Institute of African Languages and Cultures," which Hartzell Training School has been referred to in the Review, has begun its work, with headquarters AMERICAN Methodists began their in London. Professor Diedrich W est- work in Southern Rhodesia in 1900, ermann, the language authority of when Cecil Rhodes gave to Bishop J. Berlin University, together with M. C. Hartzell the town of Old Umtali Labouret, of Paris, are the Joint Di- for a mission station. The Christian rectors, and when they are unable to community now numbers 7,500 and be in London, Major Hans Vischer there are 6,000 Sunday-school pupils will be in charge. A standardized enrolled in 90 schools. The so-called orthography for African languages, "hub" of the Old Umtali mission center is the Central Training School, the scientific study of African music, recently renamed in honor of its and elementary textbooks and readers founder. This school opened its elehaving a real relation to African life mentary departments in 1900; in in its new relationships with the West, 1921 the first four graduates of the are the three matters to which the higher departments received their di- Institute is now giving its attention. plomas. These men, who came from The aim of the Institute, Dr. Wester- four different tribes in Rhodesia, are mann points out, is to be the driving now pastor-teachers among their tribes force which will lead others-govern- people. More than one hundred other men, all of whom have received trainments, missionary societies and com- ing in this school though not all gradmercial concerns-to put into practice uating, are serving as pastor-teachers the principles and standards set up. in outlying mission stations throughout "We ourselves," he said, "cannot Rhodesia. They are equipped to lead produce books and so on, but we are a their people in their everyday activcentral clearing-house to which all interested will be able to come for the ities. One of the outstanding contriinformation they desire." butions of the school to Rhodesia has been made in the training of practical "The Friends of the Bible" dairymen, farmers, and industrial T HIS organization is described by workers. Miss Jameson, of the Egypt Gen- The Gleam in Their Eyes eral Mission in Zeitoun: "We usually R speak of this union as the Coptic Y. EV. A. M. GELSTHORPE, who went in the early part of last year M. C. A., but it represents a more concrete thing than that. At the be- to the college of the Church Missionginning it was a definite movement to ary Society at Awka, Nigeria, writes: demonstrate the right and advantages "By far the most striking thing to me of Bible study, and it was then led as a newcomer was, and is, the unmisby earnest young Copts who had been takable gleam in the eyes of those really truly converted, remaining within in touch with Christianity, compared their own church, and forming there- with the dull look in the eyes of those in a reform party. This year some still subject to devil-worship, a reli- thirty to forty of them gathered here gion of terror. When one thinks of for ten days, spending, as far as one the amazing way in which the Gospel could judge, the whole time in def- has spread among the people here in inite Bible study or seasons of seek- so short a time, and when one remem- ing the Lord in prayer. No other of bers that there are never more than the larger gatherings held here has two dozen C. M. S. missionaries in the been so concentrated and given up to diocese at a time, I realize how gravely the business on hand. Speakers from during my time in England I had

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

underestimated the real power that larly during the last eighteen months there is behind Christianity. Most of or so. A number of these Moslem boys the students (about forty altogether) when they were returning to the come from heathen homes. All of villages begged to be allowed to take them have countless generations of their Braille Scriptures with them. the worst heathenism behind them, and yet such is the change worked by Methodism in North Africa Christianity, that it is no exaggeration to say that often one forgets that they AT THE 1926 North Africa Mission are other than boys and young men Conference of the Methodist among whom one worked at home." Episcopal Church, two Arabs, the first of their race, were accepted on "These Women Are Christians" probation. With 'them was received a Kabyle of one of the tribes of the old ASTRIKING story of the power of North African Berber race. "With the Gospel to build strong char- these three, formerly Mohammedan," acter is thus told by Dr. W. C. Terril writes Percy Smith, "was received on of Johannesburg in the Record of trial the son of a Methodist mission- Christian Work: "A group of Chris- ary who has worked for twenty-seven tian native women were sent to work years in North Africa. This son was for a Portuguese farmer, who grew born in North Africa and intends to sugar cane, and from it made a native devote his life to mission work in the beer. He ordered these women to take land of his birth. The scene was very this beer in large demijohns to the vil- impressive–a missionary probationer lages where it had been already sold. of the second generation received When they refused, he preferred along with the first fruits of missioncharges against them to the local gov- ary labor. It seemed a pledge and ernment official of refusing to work. prophecy of the progress of the mis- They said that they had refused to sionary Christian Church of the carry demijohns of beer on their future in North Africa. heads, or have anything else to do with the business; they were ready Islam Spreads in Abyssinia to work at anything else. The government official said to the Portu- DR. TOM LAMBIE, of the United guese farmer: 'My advice to you is Presbyterian Mission in Abysto let these women alone. The grind- sinia, says that the Galla people, who ing of sugar cane to make beer is are found all over that country, are not permitted, and if you insist on originally pantheists, but that in one their doing that kind of work they will or two of the eastern provinces the make trouble for you, and also for Mohammedans have had striking sucme. They are Christians, and the cess and the whole population has God whom they serve is a powerful become Moslem. This has been true God.' " in parts of the south as well, where is a famous Galla ruler known as Sultan Blind Moslems Study Bible Abag-ifar. "Few if any of his people" says Dr. Lambie, "have a ABJ~IND Egyptian Christian, in the knowledge of Arabic and they do not employ of the Church Missionary even know how to pronounce the Mo- Society in Cairo, has been having a hammedan creed correctly, but still remarkable experience. A number of they consider themselves Mohamblind students from Al Azhar wanted medans and are even sending out to learn to read and write Braille. missionaries to their Galla neighbors Gindhi consented on one condition who are still pantheists to convert and that was that he would use his them to Mohammedanism. In all this own text book, which was the Word part of the country there is not a of God. They have consented and single Christian missionary. If our many have attended his classes regn- church could only send out some one

to tell them about Christ before the Abraham Olama Mendulu, is going Mohammedans get there what a great along well in his service of his and thing it would be." our great Chief, Jesus Christ. I do not see him these days, but he and I African Christian Mothers often correspond. The missionary in his part of the field always has a good A NUMBER of graduates of the word to say to me about the stead- girls' school at Chisamba, Portu- fastness of Olama, though he is often gese West Africa, all of them now very sorely tried and tempted." wives of Christian teachers and evangelists, were invited to return to the Ten Years' C.hange in Nigeria school for a week-end conference. Miss Elizabeth Read, of the United T EN years ago Enugwu, the center Church of Canada, writes of them: of the coal mining district of Nigeria, was practically uninhabited, The first time they gathered, I must and lay in the territory of most primfrankly say that we felt discouraged at their itive and savage tribes. Today it is a appearance. They had come straight from rapidly growing up-to-date town with their native villages, and, in spite of all thousands of inhabitants, European. their good inten tions, we could see the and African. When Rev. I. Ejindu, downward pull of their heathen surround- a recently ordained clergyman, was ings. Neither they nor the babies were sent there in 1916 he found a people clean' or tidy. We spoke frankly to them, whose barbarities were almost past asking them to remember that they were belief. Cannibalism was common. our guests. 'I wish you could have seen The murder of twins was an inyarithem next morning! You would scarcely able rule. Thieving was a daily ochave recognized them as the same people, currence, and burning of houses an and we felt deeply what could b<l accom- event too common to occasion any plished if we had the time to keep closer comment. Ejindu had the greatest to them with counsel and patient, loving difficulty in finding any place in which reminder. Such a sweet, wholesome to live. Several attempts were made group of young mothers they looked, ready to poison him; eight times in 1919 and willing to be guided. his property was stolen. But through all these persecutions, E,jindu was African Chiefs of Many Sorts preserved, and the Gospel made its way into the hearts of many of the REV. A. B. PATTERSO).!, Amer- people. Now tbere are in the district ican Presbyterian missionary at some seventy churches, forty-schools, Ebolowa, in the Cameroun since 1911, and eighty to ninety teachers, entirely numbers several African chiefs among supported by the people themselves. his friends. He writes of visiting one while a native boy with a limited A New Station in Uganda knowledge of French was translating for him a French mail order cata- SOME of the experiences of a mislogue, and comments, "I would like sionary who opens a new station to be present when the order arrives. " in Africa are thus described by Rev. All chiefs, however, he says, "are not T. L. Lawrence, of the Church Misthe same. Close to Elat we have the sionary Society's force in F ganda, Grand Chief Ndile Nsom. He is a who has begun work in a place called stately-looking gentleman, always Lira: "The native pastor displayed well dressed. He wears a slung sword much energy, for the 100 acres we reon great days. Every Sabbath sees ceived from the Government in exhim in church at Elat. He has been change for land at Mbale was all a Chr.istian about ten years and is under long grass. He soon had many a church member; he is the native acres under the cultivation of cotton ruler of several thousands of people. and sweet potatoes. He also built us The last time I was visiting him, after a wattle and daub house of three I had been with him about an hour, I said that I must be going. He rose and closed the two doors and quietly said to me, 'We will pray first.' My particular friend, Grand Chief

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

rooms. Sunday services were started, new trend is toward the things that and the attendance soon grew to 100 are Western, but the Turk has clung and more. With such encouragement, to his nationality and his history. such warm welcomes from people, The metamorphosis from the be-fezzed chiefs, and teachers, we felt that God and wide-bloomered Turk of Anatolia was leading us on…. Our little dining-room is a store dispensary, and under the Snltanate of Abdul Aziz bookshop. At one window we sell to the gray felt-hatted and trousered books (so far we have sold 1,000 first Turk of Anatolia under the presireading books, catechisms, etc.), while dency of Mustapha Kemal has not at another window my wife dispenses made the Turk a European. He enmedicines. " joys classical music, he is a skilled electrical engineer, he teaches Scho- THE NEAR EAST penhauer, but he feels with real love and pride that he is a Turk of the The Mosle:m World Secularized Republic of Turkey."

AFTER commenting on the ex- Success of Dr. Peet'g Mission ternal ways in which Turkey is breaking with the past, a writer in T HAT Dr. W. W. Peet, who spent the London Christian says: "Edu- forty years in Constantinople uncation is being divorced from religion. der the American Board had been ap- Mohammedanism is losing its religious pointed " an ambassador of good fervor. I witnessed a remarkable in- will" to the Near East by the Federal stance of this in St. Sophia itself. It Council of Churches and other rewas an evening service closing the ligious bodies ,vas announced in th,e great feast of Ramadan-the Moham- August, 1926 Ret·1ew. Letters remedan Lent. Ordinarily there would ceived from Dr. Peet describe the conhave been ten thousand people there. tacts which he has established with the This time there were gathered within patriarchs and prelates of the Eastthe vast, illuminated interior about ern Orthodox Churches. Gregory IV, three hundred. It was a striking Patriarch of Antioch, Meletios, Patriproof of the way in which the lIoham- arch of Alexandria, the Armenian medan world is being secularized. A Patriarch of Jerusalem, and others revolution is taking place in Islam have given him official messages of more tremendous than we realize. greeting to the Federal Council. The With much of it Christendom is one from Sahag II, the Armenian bound to sympathize. But there are Catholicos of Cilicia, says in part: terrific dangers. A secularized Mohammedanism might repeat on a The Honorable Dr. W. W. Peet, well tragic scale the parable of a returned known to the people of the Orient and devil re-entering with seven other especially to the Armenians, by his inestima· spirits more wicked than himself, so hIe services for the Church and humanity, that the last state is worse than the all October 22, ]926, communicated' to U9 first. Fanatical superstitions may be the message of fraternal love, in Christ, exchanged for evils even more dread- from twenty·eight different denominations ful. " ill the United States of America, with their more than twenty million members. I am Old Turks in New Turkey glad to declare that the love of the Anne· nian Church has been multiplied toward the MISS DOROTHEA BLAISDELL American churche,s whose children did not writes from Constantinople: withhold their fraternal sympathy and help "In education the secularization of during the suffering and martyrdom of our the Government has taken away the people even until the present time. power of the clergy, and the new impetus to education that this change Bible Depot in Constantinople has brought is carrying it along toward Western met,hods…. The whole THE British and Foreign Bible So- ciety recently opened a new build- ing in Constantinople on the Grand Rue de Pera, one of the main streets. Over the depot the name of the Society

is announced in four languages. A rep- large and needy city. Its population resentative of the Society writes: "It comprises something over a thousand is a remarkable and highly gratifying Jewish families, seven Christian fam- fact that the Bible Society's work in ilies, four Roman Catholic, one Ar- Constantinople has never been stopped menian, and two Protestant, one of by the Turkish authorities during those two being our worker there.

these years of change. Even during The remainder of the population are the war the work was kept going. We Moslems. The town is quite fanatical.

owe much to some of the authorities Our worker went through some stiff in Constantinople who have given us experiences when he entered the town, their support. Our two colporteurs such as being refused the sale of food are able to sell the Scriptures without by the shopkeepers, but now he has any serious molestation. No Bible les- quite a number of friends, and is son may now be given in the mission patiently selling his books, having in- schools. The Qur'an is not taught in terviews wherever he can, and witgovernment schools. But the open nessing well to his Lord. Hillah is Bible is displayed in the window of close to a number of fairly large and our depot in a main street, and copies very influential Moslem cities, all of are sold in public thoroughfares which are unoccupied. Among them throughout the city." are Kerbelah and Nejef and Kufa, all sacred cities to the Shiah Moslems, Persian Pioneer Nurses and great centers of pilgrimage from all over Persia, and Afghanistan, and MISS MARY C. JOHNSON writes parts of India." from the girls' school in Tabriz, Persia which has Armenian and INDIA AND SIAM Syrian as well as Persian pupils: "One of the Persian girls in the ninth India' Attitude to the Church C grade is also teaching some of the ANON A. W. DAVIES, of St. John's College, Agra, contributes lower Persian classes, and requests that instead of paying her for her to the Church M.issionary Gleaner a work, we take in some poor girl free. thoughtful artide, in the course of Some of our girl graduates we take which he says: "A well-known In- into our own school as teachers, dian-edited paper of Bombay recently and some go to our hospital to tak.. commended the British and Foreign a nurse.,' training course. This year Bible Society's work, because it made two of our Persian graduates went to ayailable throug-hout India the the hospital to take up the study of eyidence upon which Indians could nursing. They are the first Persian form a judgment of the life and teach- . girls to brave the storm of crificism ings of Jesus, detached from the they knew would come when they de- dogmatic pronouncements of the cided to leave their own homes and Churches. Again and again Indian enter this work. Persian girls are not students have said to me: 'I believe free to stay away from home for even thllt JeSllS Christ is the highest revela- one night. That is equivalent to los- tion of God; but I do not believe that the Christian Church truly shows ing their g'ood name."

Him forth, so that there is no reason New Center in Mesopotamia why I should join it.' The great danger of the present situation seems T HE United Mission in Mesopo- to lie in this: that educated Indians, tamia has opened its third station rejecting- the Church and the demands in Hillah. five miles from the site of of baptism, should be satisfied with ancient Babylon. Rev. A. G. Ed- the mere recognition of the beauty of wards. who, with Mrs. Edwards. has the character and teaching of Christ, gone from Mosul to take charge of without admitting His demands upon this new work, writes: "Hillah is a their life and allegiance; and the

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

thought has been growing among are not always typical and many wear some of us in India that this denial English clothes regardless of religion should be made upon them insistently. or caste, he could tell a Christian from They cannot read the gospels without a Hindu or a Mohammedan, and if so realizing that following Christ in what word would express what he India, as everywhere else, should could read in the face of a Christian. mean the acceptance of the cross and He said that the word he would use the readiness to endure the shame of would mean just the opposite of arconfession. ' , rogance, which he thought was humility. I thought that was not a National Christian Council bad compliment for our Indian Chris- tians, especially as he is a strict Hindu T HE six-day meeting of the Nation- of the Brahman caste." a 1 Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon, held in Calcutta, Freed Slaves in Nepal dealt with a number of important T HB great plan of the Maharajah of Nepal, a native state on the questionlS. In discussing intercom- northeastern frontier of India, to abolish slavery in his dominions has munal strife, Dr. S. K. Datta main- been followed with interest in the Re- view, and it was announced in the tained that the problem was funda- October issue that the total slave pop- ulation, about 60,000, had been set mentally an economic one and that free. The Anti-Slavery and Aborig- ines Protection Society has received certain leaders were using the chronic from Nepal a memorandum which g'ives the history of the reform, and economic unrest for their own ends. states that as long ago as 1911 the Maharajah had ordere.d a census taken It was announced that plans had been of the slaves. It reports that about a third of the emancipated slaves made for a comprehensive inquiry in- have chosen to stay with their masters as hired laborers; of the rest, some to industrial conditions in India with have settled in or near the places where they were employed, and others a view to the education of public proposed to cultivate land for them- selves. ]'or this the Maharajah has opinion and advancing Christian thrown open available tracts of culti- vable ,yaste lands in the hills, and standards in industrial life. It was started reclamation and clearance works in many areas. proposed that a center of Islamic "Thus" comments the magazine oj' studies be established at Lahore, the Society, "one of the most notable achievements in the history of slavery where original investigation might be has been brought to a prosperous is- sue. " carried on. One resolution stated that Bright Outlook in Dornakal the Council welcomed what had been DORNAKAL, South India, is done by the Indian Government in known to many friends of mis- sions as the headquarters of Bishop the revision of its opium export Azariah, the first Indian to be elevated to the episcopate. An English clergypolicy, so as to stop export completely man, the bishop's chaplain, writes of the future of the diocese: "In certain in ten years, but regarded the denial of an inquiry into the domestic opium problem as 'unsa,t'isfactory and 'r:e- soIYed to continue its efforts to pro- mote the education of the public on the matter. .

Moslem and Christian Faces T HE language lesson of a new mis- sionary was interrupted by a tradesman, of whom the pundit said, " He is a Mohammedan." Says the missionary: "I asked how he could tell, since the man did not wear the typical clothes. He said, 'By the expression of his face.' I asked him what English word would express most nearly what he meant, and he said. 'Arrogance expresses it the best.' I then asked if, now that clothes

THE districts about half of the outcaste Bleeding Pillar as a Text population have now joined us, in following incident is quoted spite of many persecutions and the from the report of the Union Ka- very high moral standard that is re- narese Seminary in Tumkur, South quired, and the other half are eager. India: "In a village five miles away to come in, had we only the teachers there stands before the temple a tall, to send them. Moreover, now for the slender pillar, down the side of which first time there is a distinct movement for some little distance rain has left a among the Sudras, that is to say the course of red rust. The people declare great middle class of the Hindu that periodically the pillar bleeds, and people. Where the move.ment of. the there, sure enough, is the thin red line.

lower classes has been Wlsely glllded In some quarters, a few months ago, the Sudras have sho,,:n .profoun,d. re- the fear grew lest the appearance of spect for the ChrIstIan rehgIon. the blood on the pillar should be a Bittel' enemies have become staunch portent of disaster to the State. The friends. A spirit of inquiry has risen six senior students went out to investi- among them. In several places actual gate this phenomenon. With great conversions have been fairly numer- tact they won the confidence of the ous during the past year or two. It leading folk of the village so far as is not impossible that during the next to induce them to have a ladder few years w~ may see a vast inga~her- brought and set up against the pillar ing of the main body of the Hmdu from the roof of the temple. One of people." the students mounted the Jadder, a Stanley Jones in South India somewhat risky proceeding, and climb- ing to the top of the pillar proved to AUDIENCES of educated non- the people beyond controversy that Christians estimated at twice the the bleeding was due to an iron spike size of even those which greeted Rev. in a cup at the top of the shaft. Stanley Jones, author of "The Christ When a safe descent had been effected, of the Indian Road," on his first tOllr the men improved the occasion in in South India have been attending apostolic fashion and preached Christ his meetings there. The address, a to the crowd that had gathered." frank presentation of the Christian ma ehsasalfge~nodccaunpieedquaablotuitmaenwhaosurgiavnedn Chur"li Work of BllrlUe~e WOlUen to answering questions. Rev. Boyd W. Tucker, who accompanied him, AN AMERICAN Baptist missionthus describes one feature of the tour: ary in Rangoon writes in ~.issions of the natural business ablhty of Round table conferences are held to which are invited about fifteen of the most re- Burmese women, who genel'ally man- ligious Hindus and Mohammedans and abOl:t age the family financ~s. Th~s ~bility five of the best Christians. Each man 18 asked to relate what religion meallS to him has been shown also In a mIsslOnary in experience. N~ comments are m~de, so that the te,stimonws may speak thou own society, of which she says: "Several message. It has been arrallged that there shall he more non -Christians than Christians, hundred women were present at the so that everything shall be ahsolutely fair. It is most ;emarkable how Christianity is organization of the Society. A ye.ry able to comllland the situation and stand out by the sheer superiority of its abmty to modest little lady from Monlmem, reyeai God and transform lives through the wife of the pastor of the Burmese personality of Jesus. One elderly Hi?du approached Dr. Jones aiter he had ipven Cquhaluirtcih~s and possessed of owutasstanmd~idneg his own personal testimon~- in one of th.esc of leadership, meetings and said, "Yon have been tellmg us about something this afternoon that none president. Two consecr!lted B~ble of us know anything about. .Jesus stands out in a fresh'and challenging way as the women volunteered theIr serVIces way of the Father." without salary to tour Burma in the interests of the Society. The question of money to carryon the work was settled temporarily by charging a membership fee of one rupee. Later mite-boxes were added and from these

NEWS FROM MANY LAJTJ)S

two sources alone has come a large course, preclude the use of a few amount of money for missionary specially gifted Western evangelists.

work. The Society has been organ- The tendency to submit Chinese for ized three years now and God has Westerners in positions where policies wonderfully blessed its work and of Christian work are determined will given wisdom beyond what we could also decrease the demand for West- have forseen." ern Christians in executive positions.

Putting it another way, the tendency Loyal Siamese "Endeavorel"" is against having the missionary of T HE newly organized Christian the future prominent as preacher, Endeavor society of Chiengmai, promoter or administrator. There is, Siam, is sponsored by a graduate of however, less insistence on the above Bangkok Christian College. 'l'his fine negative changes than on the positive young man's fidelity and unflagging qualities al'id functions of the mis- earnestness in Christ's service witness sionary of the future. The wish is powerfully for the success attained in often expressed for the freer giving Bangkok Christian College in win- of the Western Christian's whole ning, training, and sending forth personality to the Chinese Church….

leaders in the great task of winning Especially desired is the rich example Siam for Christ. This young man's of personalities illumined with Christ.

father, a .stanch Buddhist and the 'We need them,' says another, 'to help governor of a populous district, has solve the problem of living up to the from the first opposed the action of principles of Jesus.' 'rhe Western his eldest son in leaving the religion Christian is thus called to be first and which is announced by his majesty foremost an exponent of the spirit of the king to be the religion of the Christ in human relationships…..

Siamese. He and all the other mem- The Chinese Church wants the West- bers of the family put every difficulty ern Christian more than his money; in the way of his Christian faith. his sympathy and appreciation more While living with them and in every than numbers."

other particular a loved member of their circle, he gently but very flrmlJ' Chinese Combine Five Religions M adheres to "the Jesus Way," witness- RS. H. G. ROMIG, of Tenghsien, Shantung Province, describes ing for his Master by a most consistent walk and conversation. He is what she calls "a religious fad that zealous in seeking to win young men has recently become popular in this to Christ. He is the most enthusiastic part of China. It is a combination temperance leader in Chiengmai.- of Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, Christian Endeavor WorZd. Confucianism and Mohammedanism.

CHINA From each of these religions the Function of the Missionary people choose practices and teachings that suit the unregenerate heart of the AN EDITORIAL in the Chinese natural man. They claim they are Recorder gives expression to saved, and enter heaven through good what it calls the idea of Chinese works, hence the distribution of Christians "as to what the mission- famine relief to the poor-, They ary can do and where he can best teach transmigration of souls, but serve the Chinese Church. " The have no place for repentance, and no editor continues: "'rhe demand for need for prayer. 'All men are broth- Western preachers in China is de-_ ers' is a favorite declaration with creasing. Chinese speakers at com- them."

mencements and conferences are rap- idly increasin!!:. Since the mission- Self-Sacrifice of a. Chinese G aries came to China to make preachersILBERT McINTOSH of Shang- hai, who has represented the rather than to be preachers this should be welcomed; it does not, of Presbyterian Board in China since

1891, calls attention to the fact that Village Entirely Christian Chinese Christianity may possibly be enriched by traits of Chinese char- NEWSPAPER correspondents who acter which we are apt to overlook. write of Christian work in China The doctor in charge of Shantung having to be abandoned because of Road Hospital told of a man who had the recent disturbances do not know been brought in lacking an arm. He Chinese Christians. Such a story as was, an ardent Buddhist and had been the following from a missionary in instrumental in raising funds for a North China would surprise some of Buddhist temple near the North Rail- them: "One village where a church way Station. A large sum was lack- is located is built in the side of a ing and, in a spirit of renunciation mountain and the church forms the and determination to do something social center. There is not one nondrastic, he cut oil' his left arm above Christian in the town. Years ago the elbow with a sharp and heavy when the people became Christian meat chopper. In the hospital it was they destroyed their idols and little found necessary to cut away another village temple, and no such thing has portion to ensure cure. "If," he says, existed since. The girls and women "such self-sacrificing spirit can be of this village all have natural feet enlisted in the cause of Christ we may and no queue has been known among expect an ardent phase of Chinese the men in years. The young women Christianity that will mean great have won prizes in a contest of rethings for the extension of Christ's peating Scripture they had learned. Kingdom." They repeated Psalms 1, 19, 23,1 Cor. 13, Rom. 8 and many more chapters. Foochow's Governor Reads Bible And the way this group fairly makes the mountains ring with their songs T HOUGH the disturbances in Foo- of praise would delight the heart of chow have made it necessary for anyone hearing them. " foreigners to leave, it is interesting to read this description, written by a Tibetans More Responsive Methodist missionary, of the civil governor of the city: "Forty years B ISHOP A. WARD, of the Morago he returned from a naval school avian Church, writes of their in England and has been an admiral mission in Khalatse, Tibet: "Many in the Chinese navy. He goes every- travellers up and down the valley where without a guard of soldiers now call at the mission-house, not only save the minimum of one or two as to see such strange and interesting a mark of his office. He is not a public things as the harmonium and picspeaker, but never hestitates to grace tures, or to talk about everyday matthe platform of any Christian school ters, but definitely to hear the chos, or other public institution with a few the religion; for the missionary has sincere words of greeting. He lives something to teach, but the lamas simply and is as approachable as any taught them nothing. They will raise official in the United States. While their hands to their heads and bow not a professed Christian, he is very in respect to religious pictures frcendly to Christian institutions, and (though nobody wishes them to do within the last two or three years this), and say with the same tokens has spent an hour regularly each of respect, (Salaam, .Jesus !' The week for a period of months study- villagers attend service on Sundays ing the Bible in English with one of in goodly numbers; for, after the the Y. M. C. A. secretaries. I have Saturday evening prayer-meeting, the not heard any foreigner speak with Christians go to the houses in the vilgreater vehemence about the existing lage and invite the people to come, evils in China's official life today reminding them that tomorrow is than has he." Sunday, which the people otherwise say they forget."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

JAPAN-KOREA Scriptures could not be supplied fast enough to meet the demand, today the Bible Society Jubilee demand is for patience, perseverance and perspective. Nowadays it is not T HE American Bible Society cele- uncommon for him to meet with argu- brated in the autumn the fiftieth ments, contradictions, insults and anniversary of the beginning of its abuse. " work in Japan. Among those who took part was Rev. Matsuyama, the Fruit. of Newspaper Evangelism only man living of both foreigners and Japanese who were members of REV. DR. AND MRS. HARVEY the Bible translation and revision BROKAW, who began their committees from 1874 till 1887 and work in Japan thirty years. ago, refrom 1911 till 1917. The Reconl, port that newspaper evangelism conpublished by the Society, comments: tinues to be a fruitful form of service "The fact that practically 900,000 in that country. Some of the results volumes of Scripture were absorbed of this work are forty-six decisions to in the northern half of Japan from study for baptism this year, one perour Agency alone in its fiftieth year son entering the ministry and over tells a story of an open door and a 10,000 pieces of literature sent out. friendly attitude. But it tells only a lt is known that nine have entered the part of the story. For instance thou- ministry in the eight years of this sands of Scripture volumes have been work in Kyoto and sixty-one bapsupplied to those in the jails of tisms are recorded. Innumerable op- Japan, with the cordial aid, and, portunities for personal work result. sometimes., at the request of the One man ten miles in the country, a Japanese officials themselves. The baptized Christian, holds a service tributes to the Bible by non-Christian, once a week in his house and has oras well as Christian, officials in high g'anized a flourishing temperance soposition are also further illustrations ciety among the young men. of the happy change from the conditions of the early days of missions Influence of a Dying Man and the Agency in Japan." FROM the Korea Mission of the Colporteurs ill Moderll Korea United Church of Canada comes the following incident: "At Pooguh, REV. F. G. VESEY of the United a young man, who had been the only Church of Canada writes of the Christian in his household, died. Durcolporteurs who work under him: ing his last illness he continually "Simple country men that they are pleaded with his mother and all his -so many of them-the importance family to become Christians and to of their work is often non-apparent take down the sacrificial table which to them and sometimes they are had been put up over a year ago to tempted to waver and fall. Yet most some departed one. On the day he of them toil on and rejoice in their died, the relatives held a council and toil. As the economic, political and though it was, particularly to the social conditions change, so to a great grandfather and grandmother, a seextent has the attitude of the people vere test to forego the comfort which altered toward the Gospel. . The sacrificing meant to them, they all materialistic, atheistic, and communi- agreed to comply with his wishes. stic influences are barefacedly at The funeral arrangements. were left work, doing their utmost against the in charge of the Christians, and, in best interests of the people all over spite of loud protests from the heathe peninsula. So that the task of then neighbors, the sacrificial table the colporteur is more than ever an was taken down. A few weeks later, uphill one. His work is harder and the whole family was attending heavier than ever it has been, and church and the young widow looking while there was a time when the

forward to going to the Bible Insti- got through bis four years' course, he cared tute. " little wbether his work was satisfflctory or not. Now all these things are changed. Stu- Syenchun Ohurch Branches Out dents, on the whole, although coming from different parts of the Terrjtory, live arnic- F ORTY members of one of the ably together, and often form strong friend- Presbyterian churches in Syen- ships. They take a pride in doing their ehun, Korea who were set apart a few manual and schoolwork well, and cmleav01' months ago as a separate organiza- to take a creditable place in all examination, bought and remodeled a large tions. Tbere is little Or no cheating, and house in a neighboring village. In 11 anyone who is guilty of it, is not looked short time the congregation more than upon with respect. One seldom seeB any trebled, so that the church building of th-8m untidy, and where they are placerl in positions of trust they are genrral1y re- liable.

had to be enlarged proportionately. Boys' School in Honolulu Besides this expense of providing an adequate place of worship, the people I OI'ANI School in Honolulu, estabassumed their full share of an old lished in 1863 by the Church of debt of the mother church and are England, but now under the direcalso contributing liberally toward the tion of the American Episcopal helper's salary. At the recent meet- Church, is seeking in many ways to ing of the Presbytery permission was Christianize and Americanize boys of given them· to elect their first two man y races-Chinese, Japanese, elders. The church gives the promise Korean, Hawaiian, Portuguese and of vigorous growth in a new section Filipino. One of the teachers writes: of agricultural land opened up by ,. Scores of our boys have returned reclamation from the sea. It is also to China, Christian men of influence reported from Syenchun that recently in their communities …. In the past one of the hospital evangelists went Iolani has done an important work; into a heathen district where there is today it is filling a vital need, doing no church. He went loaded down with excellent work with a better-equipped Testaments, gospels and tracts. He corpf> of teachers than ever before. reports that a brother of a former Fifteen years from now many of onr hospital patient lends him a room for present students will be holding pOf>ihis meetings at which he is having a tions of trust. In 1902 the enrollment nightly attendance of sixty or waf> thirty-five-today it is 370."

seventy. NORTH AMERICA A Pacific Institute of Politics ISLANDS OF THE SEA A NOTABLE forward step has Higher Standards in Papua been taken in the development of T HE London :Missionary Society international understanding and gocd (Congregational) conducts in Pa- will by the organization for the pua a training school for native Christians. The missionary in charge Pacific Coast of an Institute similar to writes as follows of the marked im- the Institute of Politics at Williamsprovement in the students in recent town. During the last three years years: President von Klein Smid of the Uni- versity of Southern California has In the early days thtl temper of some been ~vorking to this end and has seof the students was very fickle, and it was cured the backing of influential thought advisible to keep all the bows and leaders of public thought in the uniarrows used by the students out of harm's versities, in business life, and in the way lest there should be bloodshed. Lazi- federal government. The first annual ness and shirking in mannal work were COlli- session of the Institute held in Decemmon: and cbElating in class or in borne-work ber brought together a very signifwas not regarded .as :it serious matter. icant group of leading thinkers on Neither the men nor tbe women had much international relations. The Congreregard for their personal appearance, pre- gationalist comments: ferring to go about in their oldest aUfl dirtiest garments. So long as the student

NEWS FROM MANY LAl'mS

It has long been recognized that some of prominent topic in their programs. the major international problems of the Platform messages will be presented world concern the nations around the Pacific. by officers and members of the Com- Ocean. Now wlth the Instltnte of Pacific mittee. A limited number of conven- Relations holding biennial meetings in Ha· tions and conferences will be held. In waii, and the Institute of International addi~ion there will be many group R.elations holding annual sessions on th·3 meetmgs of selected men and women Faeific Coast, the leaders in interpreting throughout the country. Because the and solying these major international prob young people of high school and unilems are likely to be developed in this Pacific versity age are unacquainted with the area bY such cooperative thinking as these evils of the saloon, special attention gatherings make possible. will be directed to intensifying senti- ment for law observance among them. Japanese Student Convention THE Church and Y. M. C. A. Cooperation F OR four days during thf' Chris· movement to bring the Church mas vacation the Japanese Stu, and the Young :JIen's Christian dents Christian Association held a conference in Evamton, Ill., at which .~ssoci.ation into closer working relatwenty-one educational institutions were represented. As reported in the tlOIlslup has now enlisted twenty of Bullptin published by the Association "the central thought of th3 Conven: the national evangelical church ortion was that the J. S. C. A. is a Christian organization and that it ganizations in athpepoUinnteitdedcoSmtmaitse~sioanl­l must become more religions in more of ,,,hom have yat:ious ways." Other aspects of the gathering are described as follows: ers to confer at stated times with "The study of the problems of the Pacific, the problem of war and peace, representatives of the Association. and the problem of American-Japanese relations, all looking toward EIghteen of these denominational world peace, was started and recommended for further studv in local bodie~ have also appointed standing chapter~….. The kev was struck once more that Japanes~ students should commIttees on cooperation with the endeavor to receive the best from "-merican life and contribute the best ~. M. ~..A. The General Counselling which they have to it in the course of their study in America." C~mmIsslOn of the Churches, meeting Education ill Law O'bservance t Jus year for the third time, added to T -{E Citizens' Committee of One its rolls two Xegro denominations. Thousand on IJaw Observance and Rnforcement at its recent meeting in With such additions the commission Washington outlined a program which included the following points: Plans now represents a church membership for a nation-wide campaign or education and publicity were unanimous- of more than 17,000,000 in the United ly adopted. Pledges of support were made. Because of the danger from ~tates and Canada, served by approxpropaganda or nullification and disregard of law the Committee was Imately 96,000 pastors in 119,000 called upon to extend its work. The efforts in behalf of law observance churches. Relations between the will not be confined to prohibition groups alone but will include the en- churches and the Y. M. C. A. in small listment of existing organization of all types to make law observance a cities and rural communities have im- proTed in recent years, according to the results of a survey presented to thf' commission. The same survey showed that 506 Y. 11. C. A. secre- taries in 200 small cities (p5~s0i0t0iontos ?5,000 population) hold 823 III theIr local churches, serving as trustees, Sunday-school superintend- ents and teachers, choir members, and leaders of boys' and men's clubs.

Congregational Home Missions T HE completion of a hundred years of home mission work was celebrated at the recent annual meet- ing of the Congregational Home Mis-

sionary Society. The Society in its , 'Is it wrong to go to a movie or a first year had 169 missionaries, who dance alone with a 'trustful boy' Y"

rendered a total of 1,320 months of "What can a girl do when a boy service. This year its missionaries writes notes against school rules 1"

numbered 1,478, and the months of The Y. W. C. A. goes out to aid young service totaled 14,605. The total in- Indian girls on reservations and in come or the work of the Society was schools, helping them to bridge the $18,140 in 1826; for the year 1925- difficult period of transition between 1926 it was $1,229,810. More than the "ways of the blanket" of their 700,000 have been led into church parents and grandparents and the membership by the missionaries of the white man's religion, education and Society during its century of history. sanitation, after they leave schoo1.- The state of New York was the main American Friend.

field of the Society at the beginning.

The first year 120 of its 169 mission- Alaaka Native Brotherhood aries labored in New York, the only WILLIAM L. PAUIJ, a member of missionaries west of the Mississippi the Alaska Territorial Legisla- River in 1826 being three in Missouri. ture, describes this organization The missionaries of the Society today which, he says, "unites the native people of southeastern Alaska. It is are distributed in 45 states, Hawaii now fourteen years old, with camps and Alaska. They are laboring in the newer sections of the far West, and in the cities and rural districts of the in every village. Most of the camps East. Twenty-five languages other own large, well-equipped halls which than English are used in 304 Ioreign- are centers of village life. Though speaking missions. the Brotherhood is strictly unde- nominational yet the leaders ~re near- Indian Girls' Questions ly all graduates of the Sheldon T HAT the ways of white people Jackson School. Today the organiza- and present-day modes of conduct are puzzling to young Indian girls tion moves forward along four lines: in government schools and on Indian education, Christian morality, ecoreservations is revealed by recent nomics and politics. In its platform questions. Miss Edith M. Dabb, ex- are four planks: abolition of fish ecutive secretary of the work of the traps, huge fishing contrivances, often Y. W. C. A. among Indians and long a mile in length, catching as many as an authority on the life and customs 500,000 pounds a day; home rule for of Indian women, has recently made Alaska; competent Christian citizena study of some of the inquiries made ship; one nation, one language, one by young Indian girls. Questions of flag. The Brotherhood owns a printhonor, conduct, loyalty and truth are ing plant and publishes a monthly magazine which is read by white stressed. One that reflects the tragic people as well as natives. In the clash between their old regime at matter of internal legislation the home and modern ideas from school Alaska Native Brotherhood has seand college is, "Should we do what cured the passage of fair laws by the our parents say or what our schools legislature in support of prohibition teach us, if they fail to agree?" Deal- and schools; and the repeal of antiing with boys causes many perplexi- racial laws. It is proving true t{) the teaching of Jesus and is developing a ties. "How can girls act so that boys competent Christian citizenship." cannot take too much for granted?"