The Missionary Review of the World — March 1939

MARCH,1939

Vision and Power at Madras Paul W. Harrison Kenneth S. Latourette Foreign Missions Tomorrow John R. Mott V. S. Azariah Toyohiko Kagawa Recommendations from Tambaram Quotations from the Findings A Kashgar Moslem's Story Mrs. Glenn B. Ogden Primitive Animists in the Celebes Henry P. Van Dusen The Indian Poet-N. V. Tilak Kund Heiberg 25 Cents a COP'Y $2.50 a YeaT

to Remember Rev. S. S. Tema, a South African of Rev. Samuel Hinds Willqnson

Johannesburg, who works among the many years director of the Mildmay February 28-March 31- Teams of large African population employed in Mission to the Jews, died in London speakers from the Madras Confer- the gold mines and coming from many on January 5 at the age of 76. He ence are to visit a number of cities parts of Africa. He speaks four na- was the son of Rev. John Wilkinson, . in the United States and Canada to tive languages as well as Afrikaans who founded the Mission in 1876, and report on the most important fea- and English. became associated with his father in tures of that conference. One team the work in 1882, succeeding him as will consist of Professor G. Baez Obituary Notes director in 1907. He was a successful Camargo of Mexico, Dr. P. C. Hsu missionary'to the Jews and an accom- of China, and Miss Ila Sircar of Rev. Fred G. Mitchell, Presbyterian plished Hebrew scholar, being largely India. The second team will con- missionary to the Navajos since 1905, responsible for the translation of the sist of Dr. Rajah B. Manikam of died suddenly January 12 in his 81st Bible into Yiddish. India, Dr. Hachiro Yuasa of Japan, year. He had retired in 1933. Mr. and Miss Minnie Soga of South Mitchell labored for 14 years without *** Africa. a single convert, but during this time made invaluable contributions to the Rev. Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony, February 28-March l-WiQrld Alliance work as linguist and writer. In 1920, for five yearS! secretary of the Home of Presbyterian and Reformed he was made superintendent of the Missions Council of North America, Churches, Western Section, Pitts- Ganado Mission in Arizona; and from died at Waltham, Mass., on January burgh, Pa. 1930 until his retirement was Director 20. Dr. Anthony was 79 years of of Indian Wells Community Center. age, having been born in Providence, April 26 – Uniting Conference of Here he devoted most of his time to R. I., January 13, 1860, the son of the American Methodism, Kansas City, translation and evangelism. late Lewis and Britannia Anthony. Mo. He was graduated from Brown Uni- *** versity in 1883 and ordained as a min- May 25 – Presbyterian Church in ister of the Free Baptist Church in U. S. A., Cleveland, Ohio. James Fugat, volunteer worker for 1885. After a brief pastorate at many years in the Episcopal Mission Bangor, Maine, he taught in Cobb Di- June 8-Reformed Church in Amer- in the Philippines, was murdered there visional School and in Bates College, ica, New York, N. Y. on December 14. Mr. Fugat went to Maine. In 1911 he was made Corre- the Philippines from the United States sponding Secretary and Treasurer of June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- shortly after the American occupation the General Conference of Free Bap- vention, Los Angeles, Calif. of the islands and identified himself tists and in 1918 was elected Execu- with the native people. For a long tive Secretary of the Home Missions June 24-July l-E;agles Mere Confer- time he worked in the Moro agricul- Council, where he did very effective ence of Missions. Chairman, Mrs. tural school at Jolo, now closed. More work in cooperation in home missions. Earl Breeding, 24 Rugby Lane, recently, he was assisting at the mis- He is survived by his second wife, Scarsdale, N. Y. sion on Mindanao, where his death Mrs. Gertrude Libby Anthony. occurred. Personal Item. *** *** Dr. George B. Huntington, treas- H. W. Smith, Superintendent of the Mrs. J. H.Hudson, retired mission- Baptist Mission Press in Burma, died urer of the Aimerican Baptist Foreign ary of the Presbyterian East China suddenly of heart disease on January MIssion, died in Santa Monica, Calif., 19. He was fifty-six years of age, Mission Society, has -retired, and Mr. December 21. With her husband, Rev. and he had been in ·the service of the Forrest Smith, assistant, and then as- Junius H. Hudson, she went to China Board twenty-eight years. in 1879. They were stationed at Hangsociate treasurer, has been appointed chow, where Mr. Hudson developed a (Conc(uded on page 113.) small boarding school for boys into in his place. Hangchow Christian College, and was THf PRfS8YTfRIAn its first president. For two years **• after their retirement in 1923 they -=- The only weekly in the Rev. Ernest Grigg, Baptist mission- lived in Shanghai. Presbyterian Church.

ary at Maymyo, Burma, has reached *** .:- Its message is based upon retiring age, but feels the call of the the Revealed Word of God. Mrs. Marie A. Oldham, the widow land to which he has given 45 years of of Bishop William F. Oldham of -=- Goes into every state in Malaya, died on October 12 at the the Union, U. S. possessions service. He will spend months in dep- age of 81, and was buried beside her and many foreign countries. utation work in America and then, at husband in Glendale, Calif. She was born in Bangalore, India. Most of Subscription rate – $2.50 his own expense, win return to Burma. their missionary service was. in Ma- Ministerial rate – – $2.00 . **• laya, being located at Singapore. They celebrated the 50th anniversary of the SOc. extra–Canadian postage Dr. Paul W. Rood has resigned as founding of the Mission after they $1.50 extra– Foreign postage President of the Los Angeles Bible In- had passed the age of 75. stitute, and will devote his entire time THE PRESBYTERIAn to Bible conferences and evangelistic *** campaigns under the auspices of the 121 7 Market Street World's Christian Fundamentals As- The Rev. W. E. Cousins, for many Philadelphia. Pa. sQciation. years a missionary of the London Mis- sionary Society in Madagascar, died *** on January 5 at the advanced age of 99 years. Mr. Cousins was born at Dr. John Lyon Caughey, pastor of Abingdon, England, February 21, the First Presbyterian Church of 1840, and sailed for Madagascar in Glens Falls, N. Y., has gone to Shang~ April, 1862, a year after the death of hai, China, to become pastor of the the persecuting Queen Ranavalona. Community Church. In 1873 he began the great work of re- vising the Malagasy Bible, the impor- *** tance of which for Christian converts in Madagascar can scarcely be exag- Rev. J. C. de Korne, D'.D.• mission- gerated. He is the author 'of "Madaary in China until 1934, has succeeded gascar of Today," "A Concise Intro- Dr. Henry Beets as Director of the duction to the Study of the Malagasy Board of Missions of the Christian Language," and "Malagasy Proverbs." Reformed Church, who retired. upon • • • his· seventieth birthday in January. Among the interesting delegates attending the Madras 'Conference were Bishop A. F. Bennett of Auteaur6a, the son of a chieftainess of the Moari race of New Zealand. This race numbers now about 85,000 and Bishop Bennett· is devoting his life to work among them. Another delegate was

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD that now, while renewing my subscrip- Yokohama when you sail by tion I am ordering it also sent to the Empress to the Orient. Only DIlLAVA.N L. PlJi:RBON, Edjtor pastor of the Congregational Church. 3 more days to visit lovely Your magazine is especially valuable, Hawaii en route by Empress of VOL. LXII MAR., 1939 No.3 giving as it does important work in Japan, largest and fastest liner all the denominations. Dr. Speer's on the Pacific, or Empress of Publication and Business Offic&– article in the January issue greatly Canada. From California Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. impressed me." ADELE GREENE. ports connect at Honolulu: Editorial and Executive Office– Washington, D. C. Empress of Japan 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at "We consider*TH*E R*EVIEW very val- Frequent sailings from both Vancouver and Victoria to Post 01l1ce, Harrisburg, Pa., under uable. The bound volumes as well as Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Act or March 3, 1879. the current issues are very widely Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. used by our faculty and students." Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. AGENT or Canadian Pacific: Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. FRANCES WARNER, 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. Published monthly, except August. Serials Librarian, Iowa State All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. British agents – Marshall, Morgan College, Ames Iowa. and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. Honors to Missionaries 10 shillings a year. King George VI of Great Britain, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Emperor of India, has announced the LISHING CO., INC. following missionaries in India as recipients of honors in his New Year's BOARD OF DIRECTORS Honors list. The Kaiser-i-Hind Medal ROBERT E. SPJi:Ji:R. President (First Class) was granted to Mrs. A. A. L. WARNBHUIB. Vioe-Pre,iIIent E. Harper, of Moga, who has had W ALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer much to do with developing the Moga DELAVAN L. PIllIRSON. Secretarll Training Institute. Miss Ida Scudder, M.D., Principal, Missionary Medical PAUL J. BRAISTED College Hospital, Vellore, Madras SAMUEL MCCRIIA. CA.VERT Presidency, received the Bar to the D. J. FA.NT Kaiser-i-Hind Medal (First Class) . MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Miss E. A. Douglas, M.D., a skilful WM. B. LIPPHARD surgeon in charge of the Lady Kin- ERIC M. NORTH naird Women's Hospital in Lucknow, SAMUJi:L M. ZWEMJi:R received the "Order British Empire." For about twenty-five years she has Editorial Chat given able leadership to the hospital in Lucknow. Miss Helen Gregory, This month we devote considerable Superintendent of the Baptist Mission space to the recent World Missionary Women's Hospital, Berhampur, Orissa, Conference at Tambaram, a suburb of received the Kaiser-i-Hind Medal Madras. Teams of speakers, made up (Second Class) as did Miss Mildred of Christian Nationals of various Louise Dawson, of the C. M. S., Tincountries and of American delegates nevelly, Madras Presidency. are now touring the country to report on the outstanding facts revealed and A Correction the plans proposed for the future of missions. In our February REVIEW (pages 77 and 79), two errors occur in the titles *** of illustrations in the article on the Seneca Indians. The Dowdy family Readers will be interested in the re- (page 77) are not Christian Senecas, ports of Dr. Paul W. Harrison of but are followers of the "Long House." Arabia" Dr. Kenneth S. Latourette of Chief Hubert Kusick (page 79) is not Yale, and others. Next month we a Seneca Indian but was the Chief of plan to publish two appraisals, one by the Mohawk Indians who came from Dr. H. Kerr Taylor and one by Dr. Hen- Canada to the Alleghany Reservation, drick Kraemer of Holland, the author and became a Christian. of "The Christian Message for the Non-Christian World" which was the Obituary Notes basis of much discussion at Madras. (Concluded from 2d Cover.) *** Rev. Ven. Robert Henry Walker, Later issues of THE REVIEW will pioneer missionary and the first archcontain articles showing the develop- deacon of the Church of England in ment of Native Churches in various Uganda, died at Ealing, England, relands, the methods and results in evan- cently at the age of 81 years. He was gelism, the unfinished task of the born in Yorkshire, England, ordained Church and sketches of outstanding in 1880 and as a result of the influence Christian leaders. A number of of a colleague, Bishop James Hanningarticles have been promised from ton, volunteered for service in Uganda Christian Nationals of various lands. in 1887. He passed through some years of experiences of war and per- *** secution in Uganda during the reign of Mwanga. He retired from service Recent letters speak of the help re- in 1919 but not until he had seen treceived through THE REVIEW for a bet- mendous changes in the growth of the ter understanding of world conditions, Christian Church in Uganda. for light on the progress of Christianity, for a clearer knowledge of Indian [113 ] problems and of the American city, as well as valuable suggestions for work in churches at home. The following are brief extracts from some of these recent letters.

DELEGATES FROM MANY LANDS AT THE MADRAS

1. MISS ILA ROMOLA SIRCAR, Secretary of the 2. MISS MINNIE SOGA, South Africa 3. MISS MA MYA KYI, a Christian Leader Student Christian Movement in India 5. BOON MARK GITTIBARN, Pastor of the Sec- from Burma 4. LEONARDO G. DIA, Moderator of the Evan- ond Presbyterian Church, Bangkok, 6. SOETJIP'l'O, Secretary, Student Christian gelical Church, Philippine Islands Siam Movement, Java 8. PAO-CHIFJN HBU, Professor at the Uni- 7. HACHIRO YUABA, Former President of versity of Shanghai (Baptist) 9. G. BAEZ CAMARGO, Secretary of the Na- Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan tional Evangelical Councll of Mexico

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 3 MARCH,1939 Topics of the Times IMPRESSIONS OF MADRAS were present that no one stood out above the others. It was, in the best sense, a conference. Toward the International Missionary Confer- As in no other meeting in history, all Protestantence at Madras last December a great volume of ism was engaged in making plans for its next adprayer was directed. Thousands have been long- vances, particularly in the newer geographic froning that from this gathering a clear lead would tiers associated with the younger churches. be given to Christians the world over in a confused age, and that some pronouncement would come In the second place, the Conference was youthlike a ray of light and hope into a discouraged and ful in its composition. This was in part because bewildered generation. Did Madras accomplish so many of the leaders of the younger churches what we hoped? Was it worth while? The two are under fifty years old. It was also because of questions are not the same. Madras may not the deliberate policy of the organizers of the Conhave accomplished all that was hoped and yet, in ference. Seldom if ever has a gathering of unforeseen ways, it may have been eminently suc- church leaders been so generally drawn from the cessful. younger age groups. This means that those pres- ent have, on the average, from twenty to thirty In the main we believe that it did even more years of active life expectancy ahead. The friend- than those who actually planned the gathering had ships formed and the plans conceived will have dared to hope. It set in motion processes, all of a much longer period in which to come to fruition whose fruits will not be seen immediately but than if the gathering had been made up of delewhich, in the years to come, may prove of striking gates ten or fifteen years older.

significance. Six features of the Conference seem In the third place, Madras gave vivid evidence peculiarly striking. that the younger churches are coming of age.

First of all, the gathering was more widely rep- Nearly half of the delegates were non-Western resentative – more ecumenical- than any which members of the younger churches. At Edinburgh Protestant Christianity has ever seen. Over four in 1910 only a small handful were from the hundred and fifty delegates came from both the younger churches, and at Jerusalem in 1928 the younger and the older churches, and from about minority were from those churches. To a certain seventy different countries. The Jerusalem meet- degree this was by deliberate design. The organ- ing of ten years ago had a much smaller propor- izers of Madras purposely kept the percentage tion of delegates from Asia, Latin America, Af- from the younger churches high and at Madras rica, and the Pacific Islands. Madras was made the younger churches proved that in their own up of a cross-section of the leadership of Protes- right they were entitled to this larger proportion.

tant Christianity. No one or two or three persons Man for man their delegations were fully equal in dominated the gathering. Dr. Mott presided ability and character to those from the older throughout and his mind skilfully directed the churches. Several felt that the delegations from conference. Very fittingly he received an ovation India and China – which, naturally, were the when, near the end of the gathering, it was an- largest of the younger churches-were quite as nounced that he had consented to continue as notable as were the delegations from the Occident.

Chairman of the International Missionary Council The Chinese delegation was especially strong. Ten until 1941. But so many of the well-known figures years ago many of the Chinese and Indian dele- of the older and especially of the younger churches gates would have been still in college or university.

[115 ]

But there was no sense of cleavage between the emerging through such gatherin~s as Madras. delegates from the older and the younger churches. In some respects the Conference did not find it- In the former there was no attitude of condescension and in the latter almost no irritation born of self. Its pronouncements on international relaa sense of being regarded as still in tutelage. For tions and its suggestions for utilizing the resources these leaders the period of tutelage is past. Men of the churches in the promotion of world peace and women were recognized on the basis of their will to many seem colorless and weak. So, too, the true worth and the spokesmen for the younger findings on the Church's relations to the burning churches were not patronized or exhibited as a social and economic issues of the day will seem credit of their teachers. Through their leaders immature. In this they but reflect the present some of the younger churches are taking their stage of thought in Protestant circles. Here and rightful places as equals in the councils of the there proposals were made which have in them worldwide Christian fellowship. much of hope-such as the program outlined for coordinating the efforts of the churches in the In the fourth place, Madras was primarily a lands bordering the Pacific in an effort to make working conference and from this standpoint its that ocean deserve its name. Madras may mark utterances and achievements must be appraised. the beginning of a new and better day in the study Mind rubbed against mind, and spirit against of ways in which the churches can promote peace spirit, as the gathering sought to formulate a pro- between the nations and a more just social and gram for the next stage of the world mission of economic structure of society. Christianity. The entire body was divided into groups for free discussion on particular topics. In the fifth place, Madras was notable for its Out of each group came statements which em- fellowship. In some respects this was the greatest bodied the mind of those present and which were contribution. In a day when the nations of the presented to the entire Conference. earth are pulling apart, Christians from seventy different countries found the tie of faith in their The findings of Madras deserve a careful read- common Lord stronger than the divisions between ing by all interested in the world mission of Chris- their peoples. Chinese and Japanese, while they tianity. They are meant to guide younger and could not entirely agree on the issues which so older churches as the two together attempt to unfortunately divide their governments, met strengthen the Christian movement in the lands of around the communion table. They discussed, too, the younger churches. with amity, the present conflict. Anglican, Lu- theran, and Methodist bishops met the leaders of Madras, it will be recalled, was held primarily the non-episcopally governed bodies with an atfor the purpose of strengthening the younger tempt to win the others to their ecclesiastical posichurches. To them has been directed much of the tions. One communion service was according to effort of missions for at least the past generation. the Anglican ritual, and the other according to One of the strongest of the reports was on the Free Church procedure. The intimate life in the training of the ministry and there was an excel- simple yet commodious buildings of the Madras lent report on Christian literature, a field in which Christian College brought us quickly together and effective coordination and promotion are long facilitated acquaintance and informal conversaoverdue. Evangelism, as a means of fulfilling the tion. We seemed to catch a foretaste of that com- Church's mission and of strengthening the Church, pany which no man could number out of many received much attention and the unoccupied fields races and tongues who were disclosed in vision to were given a comprehensive survey. The relation the Seer of Pailmos. We saw before our very eyes of Church and State, so burning an issue in many the emerging Church Universal. We were explorlands, was discussed and the "faith by which the ing a new and more Christian road to unity than Church lives" as well as the nature and functions the Church has heretofore tried – a road which of the Church, were carefully examined. Pains- seeks a unity of the spirit and which makes unity taking studies on the economic basis of the of creed and of organization ancillary to it. "By Church and the problem of self-support provide this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, the best assemblage of facts which we have had if ye have love one to another." It was in strengthto help the younger churches in their efforts to be- ening this love that the Conference registered its come independent. The subject of the type of mis- greatest achievement. sionary needed and the preparation required is covered by a report which makes suggestions far In the sixth place, we left Madras seeing that beyond the present practice of the Boards. The our meeting was only the beginning of our task. group on cooperation and unity, pressed by repre- In his closing charge Dr. Matt rightly chose as his sentatives of the younger churches, came out with text the words: "To whomsoever much is given recommendations which, if adopted, will carry of him shall much be required." Madras must be cooperation to a further stage and will help to give appraised not by what was said there, or by the visible expression to the unity of spirit which is Findings, or even by the fellowship, but by what

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

is done in the months and years ahead by the dele- paganized Totalitarian government. The persecu- tions suffered by innocent people in the Third gates and those whom they and the Findings touch. Reich cause sorrow and indignation in all who love liberty and justice. Most of us have faith to believe that twenty or Unfortunately today there does not seem to be thirty years hence, we will see that Madras helped any territory to which these oppressed ones can flee for refuge. All the world is claimed, if not forward many movements in the Church and that actually occupied, by those who wish to control it. There are still great open areas, like those in Cenit was the beginning of others of first-class impor- tral Arabia, Australia, South America, Asia, Aftance. Madras may well prove to be one of the rica and Madagascar, that might provide a haven; maj or milestones in the onward march of the but much of such territory is not suitable for hu- man habitation. It is either barren or unwhole- Church of Christ. K. S. LATOURETTE. some. In addition to this the oppressive govern- ments also, like that of Pharaoh in Egypt, are not Yale University. willing to let the people go and to take their sub- stance with them so that they will be able to es- WHEN CHRISTIANS ARE PERSECUTED tablish homes elsewhere.

True Christians never persecute and they do not It is estimated that one million "non-Aryan" retaliate. They were warned by Christ to expect Christians in Germany are suffering with the persecution from those who are opposed to Him Jews, in addition to millions more who are opand His program but they were taught not to re- pressed and have their religious and social liberty taliate. "To return evil for good is devilish; to curtailed by the Nazi regime. Non-Aryans are return good for good or evil for evil is human; to forbidden to teach or to practice law and other return good for evil is Godlike." Christians are professions; they are banned from civil governinstructed to love their enemies, to bless those who ment positions, and are excluded from universipersecute them and pray for those who use them ties and government schools. The text of the Bible despitefully. Are Christians following Christ's itself has been altered in order to make it harmoninstructions today in regard to Nazi Germany, ize with Nazi tenets; church services and preachmilitaristic Japan and communistic Russia? Here ing are either under the ban or are subjected to is a test of true Christian character. the espionage of Nazi police. Christian pastors who do not conform to the governments' decrees Nevertheless some who call themselves Chris- as to religious practices are forbidden to preach tians are inclined to persecute those who differ and many are in prison and concentration camps. from them in their beliefs and practices, or who Many church organizations, especially of the will not submit to dictation. This was true in the youth, have been disbanded by order of the Govmiddle ages, when the Papacy was bent on per- ernment and church schools have been closed. secuting the "Reformers" who insisted on follow- Those who suffer include not only masses of uning the Bible and their conscience rather than the known Christians in Germany, but eminent scien- Pope. Similar persecutions are reported today in tists, doctors, professors, lawyers, authors and parts of Latin America and other lands where pastors. ecclesiastical leaders in power wish to dominate minority groups. Fox's "Book of Martyrs" tells What can Christians in America and Great the heartrending story of the persecution of Chris- Britain do to aid these sufferers, especially their tians; and the life of George Fox, who founded fellow Christians? The problem is too great for the Society of Friends, pictures graphically the any individual or small group to solve. We are aLmost unbelievable sufferings inflicted on a fellow confident that God will work out His plans in time; Christian in England by men professed to be fol- the best His people can do is to cooperate with lowers of Christ. The Puritans, the Pilgrims, the Him as the way is opened. Christians can pray, Huguenots and others fled from religious perse- not only for the persecuted, but for the persecucution in Europe, seeking some place where they tors. But Christians must do more. Committees could worship God according to the teaching of the have been fomned in Great Britain and America Bible and the dictates of their own consciences. In to raise funds and in other ways to help these sufthe Providence of God there was then a whole con- ferers, and, if possible to establish them in new tinent available where they might carve out their homes. The Jews in America have raised $250,000 destiny and build up a God-fearing community. for the present year to help the refugees of their race; surely the Christians can do as much or Today religious persecution is found all over the more. Now is the time of testing, not only for the world, in various forms and degrees. At present sufferers, but for Christians living in a land of attention is focussed on Germany. Not only are liberty and plenty. Every time of religious per- 500,000 Jews suffering there because they are Jews, but Christians also are suffering, either because they have a fraction of Jewish blood, and so are considered "non-Aryans," or because they are Christians and refuse to allow their worship of God to be .interfered with by the dictates of a

secution in the past has been accompanied or fol- are thirty million Protestant Church members and lowed by a spiritual revival-as in the time of the probably over three times that number in families Reformation, of the Wesleys, of John Knox and more or less connected with Protestant Christian churches. The followers of Christ have a great George Fox. May it be so today. * responsibility before them.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS Professor Arthur Raper, of Atlanta, called at- tention at Baltimore to the "Present-day Trends In North America, with all of its great re- Toward Peasantry." F.armers and farming form the material basis for American prosperity and sources, its history and its opportunities, there are yet, with the increase of manufactures, the lack of conservation and growing soil depletion, many still millions of people who have no real knowledge farming and grazing districts-in New England, the South and the Middlewest-are engaged in a of God and His wise and .loving will for men. continual struggle with poverty. The demands for shorter hours, higher wages and regulated prices With all our wealth there are multitudes who live are causing increasing confusion and conflict. Not lack of opportunity but selfishness, in both in dire poverty-like the people in city slums, the capital and labor, lies at the root of the difficulty. With the increase of social security legislation and Negroes in black belts of the South, the moun- dependence on the Government for support, the independence, initiative and moral stamina of intaineers and sharecroppers in the South and West, dividuals are decreasing.

the miners, fisher-folk and lumber-jacks. In spite These social and economic trends strongly affect the Church, especially in rural districts. Dr. Will of our great public school system, multitudes are W. Alexander, Administrator of Farm Security for the Government, said: "You may not have still ignorant and uneducated. The evidences of realized that the present spiritual decline has gone hand in hand with the decline in the material welwidespread corruption, industrial conflict, greed, fare of a large part of our rural population. . . . The Church is failing to meet the religious. needs selfishness and sin crowd our newspapers and con- of the people because it has made little effort to meet their social and economic needs." Unsettled gest our courts. . or migrant laborers and farm-tenants, or insecure industrial workers, do not make good church mem- No Christian can be indifferent to the socIal bers. We are told that "one-third of the tenant families in America move on to new fields every trends of the world in which he lives; all moral, year." Such people cannot be expected to take much active interest in their community, churches, economic, political and social problems are di- schools, Government or even in establishing good homes. rectly related to God and His laws, and affect the The Christian forces in America must take a individual, the Church and the community. It is, real interest in these problems and must seek ways, not only to build up the moral and spiritual therefore in keeping with the purpose and plan character and life of the people in every commu- nity, but we must help to solve these problems of of Home'Mission work, to study and discuss the poverty, lack of education and social instability. Good economic and spiritual results were reported present-day social trends and to seek ways in from the development of cooperatives in Nova Scotia and in other districts where they have been which present-day weaknesses and evils may be established among underprivileged classes.

corrected so that all life may be brought into har- Home Mission fields and problems are changing in many ways. The Church, like the individual, mony with the Will of God as revealed in the Bible needs life from God, abundant spiritual life, and Christian forces need to work together sacrificially and in accord with the spirit and teachings of in order to serve each group and locality, in the midst of difficult and constantly changing con- Jesus Christ. ditions. That is a work in which Home Mission agencies. are engaged as representatives of the The recent Home Missions Conference in Balti- Church of Jesus Christ.

more (January 7-10) studied these disturbing so- cial trends and sought the remedy. Dr. Arthur E.

Holt of Chicago, said: "Something awful has hap;ened to Christendom. The industrial depres- sion, political turmoil and social decadence are evidence of spiritual disease. Nothing less than a moral revolution can save democracy." This is true but it is also true that there must be an entire change of front toward God and toward His Son Jesus Christ; a spiritual revolution is necessary to save the nation, the school, the home, the Church and the individual.

America has acquired strength by reason of God's gracious provision in natural resources~ ~nd in the past has developed power by recogmzmg God and putting Him first in national life and in the home and the school. Today the Church of Christ is weakened by neglect; the Bible is ignored in public life, and Christ Himself is widely re- jected as the Saviour and Lord of Life. But there is hope in the fact that there are still multitudes who have not "bowed the knee to Baal." There • The American Committee for Christian German Refugees Is headed by James M. Speers and the office is at 287 Fourth Ave., New York.

Vision and Power at

A New Contribution to the Twenty-ninth Chapter of The Acts t~··- _.•..gf I By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia I ~==========================~I W HEN the Apostolic Church met a crisis or ful Church of the West, especially the Church of faced an opportunity, it held a prayer North America, was represented largely by mis- meeting. A. C. Dixon used to tell us that, sionaries and Board secretaries, because the name but it is not the whole truth. Those meetings were and sentiment of a "missionary" conference had for conference as well as for prayer. The men been inherited from the past.

and women who made up the Church of those But we thanked God with great earnestness, days, laid their needs before God. They listened for the guidance which His Spirit had given in the to the teaching of the Holy Spirit, and in the light selection of delegates. from the different countries of His guidance, they sought strength and laid where the Church has not been so long established.

plans for the future. The capacity and penetration, the depth and con- The Apostolic Church of 1938 has recently held secration, of the whole Church of Christ were such a meeting. In the days of Peter and James there, and it was the privilege of a lifetime to and John, when the Church was in Jerusalem, it meet that group of four hundred and seventy men was easy for them to pray together, and think to- and women.

gether, and place their souls on the altar of con- Scattered through the group were some of the secration together. The Holy Spirit dealt with giants. of our time. These included Kagawa with the Church as a unit. It was one Church. his delightfully mutilated English, his tremen- But now the Gospel has spread through all the dously important cooperatives, and his five-year world, just as Christ said it would. The Church Evangelistic campaign, which has been used to is at home in almost every land and as a result, revive the whole Japanese Church; and Laubach there are now great difficulties in holding a meet- with his vision of a literate world, a vision which ing of the whole Church for prayer and consulta- under the touch of his extraordinary genius is be- tion and guidance. Men from every nation under ing objectified into literal reality; Stanley Jones Heaven, speaking many languages, must gather with his intense evangelistic soul fired by the vitogether. A few must represent very many, for sion of Christ coming back to rule in men's intel- there are six million Christians in India alone, and lects; Constance Padwick of Egypt who carries in a meeting of this sort, if it is to be a real unit for her face and in her voice, as well as in her soul, prayer must be a group of hundreds, rather than a vision of beauty and poise and harmony brought thousands. into the service of Our Lord, in worship and lit- Through those meetings of the early Church, erature and life. No one left Tambaram Con- God poured out His Divine power, and the mes- ference without a new realization of what God sage of the Gospel, given in the power of the can do in and through imperfect human beings, Spirit, was invincible. The world and the flesh granted only that He is afforded full opportunity.

and the devil together were not able to stop it. But very little time was spent in admiring the And so today the Church of many lands has dele- giants. They were simply members and repre- gated representatives to meet together again, to sentatives of the great universal Church, gathpray and listen, to confer and plan. The difficul- ered to pray and take counsel together and to ties were great, and some were not entirely over- gain a vision of God's will for His work in the come. The essential unity of the Church is badly days to come. To confer with that group was to broken on the surface, by sectarian divisions, serve on one's knees in humility, for it represented most of which are not very important, by differ- the very Church of God in her power and loveliences in theological outlook which are far deeper, ness. Here we caught the inspiration of God's and by subtle feelings of superiority on the part own visions for the future, and His wisdom for the of the stronger Western churches over the weaker present. Here, as we knelt together before God Eastern churches, which constitute the deepest and labored in comradespip with each other, we rift of all. For such a meeting, the selection of felt the mind of God directing us, and heard His the few to represent the many, requires great voice speaking to our souls. delicacy of judgment. Unfortunately, the power- The company was divided into sections to con- [119 ]

sider problems that press upon the Church from enemy of God had indeed come in like a flood. every side. Each section consisted of fifty or sixty When were the clouds over the world so dark as delegates, and a week of intense discussion and now? We saw the tiny Church in Turkestan torn study was given to sixteen different topics. to pieces as by a wild beast and scattered to the four winds. We saw the superb Church in Korea Section 1: "The Faith by which the Church pressed down under the heel of a hostile militaris- Lives." tic government. The Koreans' were the only vacant chairs in that great company. Shadows have been Section 2: "The Church, Its Nature and Func- growing darker over the Church in Japan and tion." Germany and over the whole Moslem Near East. Totalitarian Nationalism, like an epidemic of in- Section 3: "The Unfinished Evangelistic Task." sanity, grows constantly more and more menacing.

Each section included representatives from the But this dark background did not fill our horidifferent areas, about fifty per cent being na- zon. It was dwarfed by a vision which developed tionals, and fifty per cent missionaries and Board as the Conference progressed, and that stood besecretaries. Various points of view were repre- fore us at the end as evidence of the very power sented by men of experience, power and depth, and wisdom of God. It is not easy to put on paper but all alike were intense evangelists. and the dis- the tremendous thrill that took possession of our cuss{ons were carried on in a beautiful spirit. In souls as the mists cleared away and as we came no discussion did I hear any word which, either in to see the Universal Church, which is now at content or in emphasis, was to be regretted. After home in almost every land, and was represented four days of this intense study, a drafting com- by such a group of men and women to serve bemittee spent a more or less sleepless night embody- fore the Throne of God. The giants were there, ing the- discussions in a preliminary statement. but they were simply members of this great group This was presented the following day for the sec- which was nothing less than The Church of the tion to revise and amend, and was then drawn up Living God, gathered to pray and listen together into a more final form. After two weeks of this and to plan for a future which should be greater hard work the sixteen reports were presented to than any past. The caliber and vision and touch the main body of delegates and, after being fur- with God, which we saw in these men and women ther modified, were adopted as the Conference from China and from Africa, from Samoa, and findings. from South America, dwarfed everything human that we had known; we all saw the great Church We made one serious mistake here: we talked Universal, to some little degree as Christ Himself too much, and prayed too little. There was sees it, "the riches of the glory of His inheritance scarcely time to eat and sleep; it seems to me that in the saints." we did not meditate and listen to God as much as He would have preferred. But God is merciful; But it was not the Church merely which filled He has worked many times through men who our hearts with joy and confidence in the face of made mistakes and He did not withdraw His bless- the black clouds which covered the sky.. The ing because of this one. The prayers of many of Church by herself, even the Church Universal, His people were focused on that great company, with a frontierless comradeship that made us and our imperfect efforts, He sanctified with His think of Heaven, is still a human organization. overwhelming blessing. God does not demand He would be a rash devotee who reckoned her that we be wise, and that is well for we are often strength adequate to meet the enemies which opvery foolish. Without doubt we might have pose her, and to accomplish the impossible tasks brought to Christ's feet a much more beautiful which loom ahead. But at Tambaram God did not and fragrant and suitable offering, if the listening show us an empty-handed Church. We saw the ear had more often replaced the wagging tongue. Body of Christ with the eternal Gospel to pro- But our offering, however imperfect, was pre- claim. If one were asked for the central vision sented with clean hands and a pure heart, and and insight of Tambaram, I think that it would be with a degree of love and consecration to our Di- this, a vision of the omnipotent adequacy of the vine Lord which none of us may see again until Gospel. We did not see the Gospel apart from the we sit at Christ's feet in the world to come. There Church or any Church apart from the Gospel. was a unity of mind and spirit, a brotherly love What we saw was the Church of Christ, with and confidence and comradeship, which some of God's Good News in her hand, a magnificent, us had not thought attainable by imperfect human omnipotent Church of the Living God which could beings. look out on the dark developments of man's sin, with pity and love, in the light of that vision, Mountains of valuable information were gath- every opposing thing was like a small child's toy. ered for the Conference and were there to be di- devoid of all power and permanence. gested; multitudes of splendidly thought-out plans were presented for us to study. We saw, with a vividness that was terrible, that the arch-

THE VISION AND POWER AT MADRAS

SCENES AT THE MADRAS MISSIONARY CONFERENCE 1. The African Delegation at Tambaram 2. The Main Building, Madras Christian College 3. WILSON INIA, Delegate from Fiji 4. C. F. ANDREWS, of India 5. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, of Japan 6. Bishop of Winchester In a Group Conference • 7. Part of the Missionary Conference In Session

There were outstanding results from this. The The call went out for more mlSSlOnaries. Conference knew one thing and only one: It was Doubtless there will be less place than before for centered on evangelism. Many other things were institutional mission enterprises. The Governmentioned, and were discussed, and well thought ments of the world intend to do their own educaout programs. were presented. There were discus- tional and medical work. But with a unanimous sions on education, and on medical work, and on voice the different "National" groups asked, not rural programs. But these were in the periphery for fewer missionaries, but for more. In the light of thought and attention, and were reckoned of Heaven all races are of the same color. valuable only as they contributed to the program of evangelism. That program was centered, not At Tambaram it was not difficult to believe in in missionaries nor in missionary organizations., the power of God. In the love and comradeship but always and everywhere in Christ and His between the Japanese and Chinese delegates. we Church. Missionaries are simply the contribution saw God's love and power defeating the evil effects made by a more strongly established section of the of human·sin. In.the superb Church growing up Church to a weaker or newer section. And the into power in Africa we saw God redeeming a call that went out was for a campaign of evan- whole race. The Church poured her human regelism to include every church everywhere, each sources into that Conference. Financial sacrifice in its own field first of all, and each sending out was there, and human wisdom, but it was the evangelists to the ends of the earth, wherever vision that came down from God out of Heaven, needs are great and spiritual darkness is still in- which made the Conference great. May the vision tense. Afghanistan was seen as primarily the re- of the divine power and beauty of the Gospel, and sponsibility of the Church in India, and Tibet of the omnipotence of the Church with the Gospel in the Church in China. her h~ds, lead us, like a pillar of fire, through all the days to come.

Foreign Missions Tomorrow * Extracts from Addresses and Discussions at the Madras Missionary Conference FAITHFOR A TIME OF CRISIS of our churches had, during the past two or three OPENING ADDRESS BY DR. JOHN R. MOTT decades, done all that we might have done to avert the present distress, then we might be pessimistic. Chairman of the International Missionary Council But with a sense of humiliation and contrition, We come from over seventy different nations or recognizing that none of our churches has done separate areas of the world. Thus we constitute a tithe of what we might have done to prevent the most widely representative. meeting of the theSe threatened disasters, then we are bound to World Mission of the Christian faith ever held, believe that better things are possible. We who and yet we are impressed by the great and blessed have gathered here know Whom we have believed. We well know that nothing has happened in these fact of our oneness in Christ. This is one of the most fateful moments in the recent difficult years which invalidates the claims life of mankind. Not in our lifetime, if· at any of Jesus Christ. Each one of us can say with St. time, have so many peoples been bearing sllch im- Paul in an hour of grave difficulty, "Be of good possible burdens, or undergoing such persecution cheer, for I believe God." We rest solidly on two and suffering. It seems that never has there been stupendous claims of Christ: "I am the Way, the a time when the world was so rent by interna- Truth, and the Life," and "I, if I be lifted up, will tional misunderstandings" bitterness and strife? draw all men unto Me." When have we been called upon to witness such Many have asked, "Why, in view of the present startling relaxing of traditions, sacred sanctions, state of the world, with its abounding troubles, and established law and order? When .has the hardship and depression, are so many Christian very atmosphere across the world been so sur- . leaders caned together, at such expense in money and in precious time, from many corners of charged with suspicion, fear and uncertainty? But we do not come together in despair, seeing earth?" The answer is, "Precisely because we are only the dark background. If we beHeved that all in a time of unexampled and baffling difficulties and confusion; in this time of so many unan- • From notes supplied by W. W. Reid. swered questions of central importance, it has

FOREIGN MISSIONS TOMORROW

been deemed absolutely necessary that such a ized by reverence f'0r religion. And where is there world-wide consultation he held. We must think a people more warm-hearted, more gentle, more out large questions of policy, and the adaptation courte'0us, more peace-loving? Here Christianity of methods to meet new world conditions; this ranks as one of four or five of the oldest of many cannot be done by the churches and missionary faiths; for here the ancient Syrian Church is societies separately. This International Mission- identified with much of the best in Indian life. ary Council is the body which comes together for Moreover in India is to be found a larger memunited thinking, planning and action, and weaves bership in the younger mission-founded churches together the various National Christian Councils than in any '0ther land. throughout the world. In India, too, we are in the presence of one of There have recently been held a great succes- the greatest areas of poverty, '0f human need and sion of world-wide Christian assemblies: the suffering, and of burden-bearing in all the world. World Conference on Life and Work at Oxford "Bear ye one another's burdens and S'0 fulfil the and the World Conference on Faith and Order at law of Ghrist!" What is most important for all Edinburgh, followed by the meeting to form a is the fact that India today presents, the world's World Council of Churches; there is also to be most instructive laboratory of Christian experiheld at Amsterdam next summer the conference ence, method and adventure. G'0d grant us the of the Christian Youth Movements of the world. humility, and the thirst and purpose to learn, that While these meetings were planned without col- we may discover much that will guide and inspire lusion they reveal the fact that all our major us. problems can be met best, in a world context, and with a world-wide desire to draw together in fel- (3) When has a conference '0f Christian leaders lowship and action. This World Mission Confer- assembled at such a m'0ment? This meeting was ence is by fa'r the most important in this series, projected three '0r four years ago with the thought because it is the first one which brings together that it would be held at Hangchow, China. The on a parity the representatives of the older events of recent months made it necessary to churches of Europe, North America and Austra- transfer the meeting to India. In these three lasia, and the younger churches of Asia, Africa; years, what seemingly imp'0ssible events have Latin America, and the Pacific Islands. The elapsed in the Far East: the transformations and World Mission of the Christian faith is the great- alarming developments in the Near East, notably est and the most important of the world move- Palestine, the land of our Saviour; the experiments of our time. It calls for the best thinking ences in Africa, in particular in Ethiopia, events and planning and the most courageous and united which have caused the Christian conscience of the action of which men are capable. world to tremble; the unbelievable '0ccurrences of the recent m'0nths in Europe; and the marvelous It would be difficult to overstate the possibilities developments '0f the last three years in India. I of this world-wide mission conference: venture to say that never has a world Christian gathering assembled at a time when simultane- (1) We recognize no limitation to our central ously, in so many parts of the world, has there objective. It reminds one of the ambition of St. been so great need of its high offices. Paul to "present every man perfect in Christ": "every man"-no limit extensively, "perfect"- (4) We realize the boundless possibilities as we no limit intensively, "in Christ"-no limit dynami- think of the challenges which come to us both cally. Our immediate objective is to arrive at a from the world ab'0ut us and from within the common mind as to God's will concerning the next churches themselves. Looking outside our steps which should be taken to build up the Church churches we are profoundly c'0ncerned as we witand to spread the knowledge of Christ. The ness: primitive races being brought suddenly into Chul1ch is the Divine Society founded by Christ vi'0lent contact with more complex civilizati'0n; to accomplish His will in the world. It is a wor- the breakdown of ancient and honored traditions shipping Society, a witnessing Society, a trans- and of highly valued institutions, also of solemn forming Society-the veritable Body of Christ. agreements and established law and order; the widespread disintegration of moral ideals and au- (2) We are privileged to meet in this fasci- thority; the inauguration of what someone has nating land where we witness so much of the characterized as "an era of god makers"; rival beauty, the grandeur and the majesty of the work challenges to the allegiance of men being-presented of God in nature, and some of the most impressive literally across the world, and, therefore, new atand surpassing works of man; in this ancient tacks on the Christian faith; the necessity of land, with great traditions; in this land of so fighting the battle of religious liberty over again. many varied peoples and tongues-the home of one-fifth of the human race; in this land which The fact that, in the West as well as in the East, is the home of great religions and cultures. Here the Christian message today is confr'0nted by a n'0n-Christian w'0rld. in India we find '0urselves among people character-

Looking to the churches themselves, we are also THE TRUE MISSION OF THE CHURCH confronted wi,th grave perils and inspiring challenges, such as the great continuing problem in THE RT. REV. V. S. AZARIAH the upbuilding and maintenance of the younger churches as a part of the world-wide Christian Bishop of Dornakal fellowship; Here and there are perils of halfconverted churches. There is grave danger lest A Hindu seeker after truth told me this, story Christianity become diluted or adulterated by in- of his experience: He had read the Gospels, and filtration of superstition and sub·Ohristian con- had been fascinated by the life of Christ, and ception of God. There are also ideas and attitudes greatly stirred by the death of Christ. Then he which are tending to cut the roots of the mission- read on into the Book of Acts and felt that he had ary undertaking because they cut the roots of entered into a new world. The Gospels told of Christianity itself. There is need of real thinking Jesus, His works, and His suffering. In the Acts, and sacrificial action with reference to the de· the Christ seems to go into the background, and velopment of a sound economic basis for the it is the multitude, the brethren, the church, the churches. The hour has come to sound out a disciples that take the place of Christ. What the strong recall to evangelism-the larger evangel- disciples did, and thought, and taught had taken ism. This is basic to all that we have most at the place that Christ had occupied; the Church heart. Then there is the problem of Christian continued where Jesus left off at his death. unity, and the fulfilling of the vision, a World "Therefore," this man said, "I must belong to the Council of Churches. The younger churches must Church that carries on the life of Christ." have a part in the realization of this vision. Do the churches realize that they exist to carry (5) We cannot here permit ourselves to think on what Jesus Christ came to do? The Church of limitations in the realm of our resources. exists to proclaim the revelation of God's love, to Think of the numbers of the Christian host, in proclaim redemption from sin. Every member contrast with those of earlier centuries and of of the Church is expected to go forward, continuearlier decades; think of the power of organiza- ing what Christ came to do. tion at our disposal and the means of distributing our forces most advantageously; think of the In baptism, we dedicate a man, a woman, or a wide range of knowledge and of costly experience child as a faithful servant of Christ to life's end. which has been accumulated throughout the his- Every person baptized should be a witness, othertory of the expansion of Christianity; think of wise he denies Christ. "Every Christian a witthe valuable heritage of all our Christian com- ness" is a slogan of our efforts at evangelism. We munions, large and small, notably in sacrifice; have been getting little groups of Christians tothink of that priceless asset, the momentum of gether and training them to go about and answer progress and victory in so many fields. the simple questions of Indian villagers. One was asked by a villager, "Have you seen God?" His With a deepening sense of humiliation and of answer was, "Sirs, you knew me two years ago. set purpose to bring forth fruits meet for repent- I was a drunkard. You know me now. I do not ance, let us dwell on our unused resources. How think I should have had all this change if I had comparatively unused in all our churches and in not seen Jesus Christ." There is no better anall our countries are the capacities of heart power, swer, and no better way of witnessing for God. of thought power, of statesmanship, of unselfishness, of saintliness, of adventure, of heroism, of Often we find that people learn most, not from sacrifice, of fellowship and unity. The only limi- intellectual discussions but from the things that tation in the possibilities seem to be in ourselves. they see and that go straigiht to their hearts. Illiterate men often teach me how to answer the When the whole world seems to be overshad- objections that men make to the Christian faith. owed by ,fear, it is important that we Christians A Hindu said to an illiterate man: "It is nonsense should remember that we have been called to a to believe that anyone can rise from the dead." great confidence in God and a great hope, remem- The man's reply was, "When we bury rice in the bering that illuminating and wonderful word of field and it dies, a crop rises up to feed us. Surely our Saviour: "In the world ye have tribulation. if God plants a life, He can raise it again." Be of go09 cheer; I have overcome the world." In the early church it was the laymen who In view of the alarming Istate of the world, in spread the Gospel of Christ. Christianity spread view of the so largely unfinished task, in view of from slave to slave, from soldier to soldier, from the great designs of our ever-living and therefore artisan to artisan. Every convert talked to the ever-creative Lord, our attitude and spirit should men of his own group. It is our duty to persuade be adventurous, forward-looking and forward- every person who iaa Christian to go out as a moving. witness for Christ. The sharing of experience with others adds to our joy and to our own Chris- tian experience. Let men stand somewhere as

Christians; let them just face a non-Christian But now, in the twentieth century, because we sit crowd; someone else may do the preaching, and others may do the singing; but the experience of in darkness and depression after the breakdown simply standing for Christ will lead people to bow their knees before Christ. accompanying the great European war and the I used to go among the churches and have the following economic difficulties, we have come to baptized members place their hands on their own heads and repeat after me: "I am a baptized understand more of the meaning of redemption. Christian. Woe unto me if I preach not the Gospel !" Jesus showed redeeming love from the start of His Not only the individual but the group must wit- public ministry. Even when He was preaching ness for Christ. When six men of caste came and asked for baptism, I asked them why they wanted the most wonderful sermon on the Mount He had to be baptized. They replied that they had been watching the outcastes in a certain village church, a vision of the Cross. And also when He was and had seen that since they became Christians they were getting ahead of the caste people. happy with his disciples in Galilee, He was con- "They will be better than we are if we do not become Christians," they said. scious of the bridegroom's. destiny to be taken That very day the pastor of that village church away from them. He told them that the experihad been complaining to me of the sins among some members of that very congregation. So I ence of the prophet Jonah would be His own. said to these church members that the church was not perfect. To which they replied, "Yes, there Especially after the death of John the Baptist, are black sheep in every flock. But we know what they were ten years ago and what they are now." Jesus emphatically spoke about His coming death There are outstanding men in all religions, such and resurrection. And at last He informed His as Francis Assisi and Mahatma Gandhi, but it is when the common man is changed that people see disciples that His death was for the redemption the power of Christ. That is what is influencing Indian people to become Christians in the mass of many. movements. This inner consciousness of Jesus Christ was It is the Church's duty to concentrate its energies to do the work of Ghrist-not merely to wor- too deep for His disciples to understand. And ship, but to continue to do Christ's work with help and strength that we receive in worship. Too even today, many people cannot understand this much of the energies. of ministers and of churches is being spent in taking care of hereditary Chris- mystery. tians. The Church exists not to save itself but to save others. When a girl is still young she cannot understand THE MEANING OF THE CROSS the psychology of another person. When she DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA OF JAPAN grows older she understands the psychology of her On Calvary I see the blood of Jesus Christ drop- husband, and she understands the child's psycholping down from His body on the Cross! I hear the sound of the agony of the Lamb of God for the ogy when she has a baby. So with us. Unless we sins of mankind! It was for me and for my nation and for my race and for the whole world! I have a wider and deeper consciousness it is imhave committed sins and Jesus died for my sake! My race has committed sins ,and He died for my possible to understand the Ghrist's redemption of race. The whole of mankind had fallen into sin, so He died for us all. sinners.

Forgive us, Lord, for the sake of the blood of Jesus having the fine consciousness of God's law Jesus Christ, our Redeemer and Saviour. and divine character could feel that He must die In the nineteenth century some theologians could not understand the wonderful revelation of for sinners. God's justice demanded it and men redemption because they were overshadowed by the amazing development of science and industry. needed to be redeemed from the penalty of broken law.

Some people ask, "If God is love, what is the need for redemption?" We must understand that God is just as well as loving. If He allowed man- kind to remain in sin, God could not truly be love.

There is the need of regeneration and redemption.

When we are saved and made perfect in Jesus Christ we are released from the penalty of sin.

When we study the physical function of blood, we discover how wonderfully the blood is used to heal the diseased body. It gives its life to cure wounds and heal the sicknesses. So the love of Jesus Christ was so great that He gave His very life blood for sinners. This mystery is so great that we cannot wholly understand it. Dr. Adolf Harnack would not understand the inner con- sciousness of Jesus Ghrist, and he thought that there were two Christianities, that of Jesus and that of Paul. Many disciples have written about this redeeming love of Christ, some attempting to set forth the vicarious suffering of Jesus Christ, and others writing about the high-priesthood of JesuL I Redemption pertains to every phase of life: the restoration to life of those dead in sin; suffering

for the weak to give aid to enfeebled strength; truth of rebirth. Isaiah, the prophet, taught this as necessary to pay the prke of sin; as ,a grain of truth many centuries before Christ; and it was wheat dying in order to produce fruit; His death fulfilled in the death of Jesus Christ. This re- was the offering of the Lamb of God for man's sin; deeming love was the revelation of God. If we through His death comes justification, or the for- say only that we trust in God as the Creator and giveness of sins by the declaration of the satis- Ruler but do not believe in His love toward us, faction of God's justice; His death was the atone- then human society cannot see the light and way ment by which God is reconciled to mankind of Life in Christ.

through the mediation of Jesus Christ. Paul said: "Weare ambassadors for Christ, as The rituals of the temple in Jewish history were though God did beseech you by us, we pray you in merely the symbols of the coming redemption Christ's stead be ye reconciled to God" (2' Cor.

through Christ. 5 : 20) . What he said also in Colossians 1: 2'4 Every religion has made an ,attempt to discover and Philippians 1: 29 needs attention. Paul tried this way of redemption from darkness and suffer- to pass on to others the truth about the redeeming ing and sin. We have the fountain head in Jesus love of Christ. This is the real life in Christ.

Christ. When we are saved, we must pass on the reveia- Confucius did not know the secret of this mys- tion of the wonderful love of Christ to others.

tery. Buddha had not this redemptive message; This is the Kingdom of God movement.

nor had Mohammed or any other religious leader. The price for man's redemption having been It was only made real in Christ. paid, we must show the value of salvation to our neighbors; on the contrary how many of us com- There was a young couple in the city of Tokyo. mit sin and bring discredit on Christ. Since He The husband committed a crime and, trying to be died for us, we ought to be willing to die for merciful to his wife, he wrote a note to divorce Christ's sake. her. But his wife had attended a Christian Sunday school when she was young and when she received the note of divorce from her husband, she instantly remembered what she had learned about Jesus Christ-how He had died for sinners and MY MISSIONARY DAY how God has forgiven the sins of those who accepted Him. So, she said to her husband that she Oh there's blue and there's gray would not forsake him, having learned forgiveness In my missionary day. from Jesus Christ. But since she had become un- The sunshine and the shadows both His love and power display.

certain about the truth, she came to me to verify I see His gentle hand at work upon some burdened heart, the truth that Jesus had really died for sinners. And praise Him that in such a task He lets me have a part. She accepted the redemption of sins through the There is joy in every mornin~ and the night cannot dismay Blood of Jesus Christ and she and her husband were both saved. If I close beside Him stay Through my missionary day.

A weH educated young man in the Province of Yes, there's mire and there's clay Chiba had a brother in a college who lived in a In my missionary day, licentious way and began to steal from others in And I sometimes faint and falter in the muck beside the order to frequent evil resorts. This educated man way. So sad the cries of suffering, of sorrow and of sin, determined to kill his brother; but about this time I scarce can hear the sweetness of the still small voice within. he found at a secondhand store a book from which But the Lord has lit my candle and the comfort of its ray he discovered that Jesus died for sinners. He could not sleep that night because he did not know Shines golden through the gray why Jesus had done this. Later, discovering that Of my missionary day.

Jesus was a revelation of God, the Heavenly Fa- Lord, teach me to pray ther, he found that he also could love his own sin- Through my missionary day, ful brother. He believed in Christ and was bap- That I may love and guide aright Thy children gone tized; later he opened his house for a Christian astray, Sunday school. I shall not be discouraged, nor be lonely on the trail, If Thou Thyself walk with me on the mount and through Redemption through Jesus Christ is the means the vale. of remaking mankind. Recent developments in Thy lost ones may be found for Thee if I Thy voice obey. the world of physics and astronomy have begun to teach us truth about the creation of the uni- Oh, lead Thou the way Through my missionary day.

-Lois Johnson McNeill, in "Drum Call"

verse. But laws of moralIty do not teach us the (West Africa).

Recommendations From

A few paragraphs from the "Find:ngs" passed at Tambaram, Madras, by the International Missionary Council. Some of the phrasing may be changed in the final form of these affirmations. These are quoted from "Dnyanodaya," published in Poona, India, January 5, 1939. – EDITOR.

Jesus Christ and Non-Christian Religions Universal. They have their place in the great Christian brotherhood of all ages and races. But CONCERNING the faith by which the Church they should also be rooted in the soil of their own lives the Conference declares: "Our mes- country. Therefore we strongly affirm that the sage is that God was in Christ reconciling Gospel should be expressed and interpreted in inthe world unto Himself. We believe that God re- digenous forms, and that in methods of worship, vealed Himself to Israel, preparing the way for institutions, architecture, etc., the spiritual herit- His full revelation in Jesus Christ, His Son, our age of the nation and country should be taken into Lord. We believe that Christ is the Way for all, use. The Gospel is not necessarily bound up with that He alone is adequate for the world's need. forms and methods brought in from the older Therefore we want to bear witness to Him in all churches. The endeavor to give Christ His rightthe world. There are many non-Christian reli- ful place in the heart of people who have not pregions that claim the allegiance of large multitudes. viously known Him so that He will neither be a We recognize that in them are to be found values foreigner, nor be distorted by pre-Christian patof deep religious experiences and great moral terns of thought, is a great .and exacting spiritual achievements. Yet we are bold enough to call task in the fulfilling of which a young church can men out from them to the feet of Christ, because bring a rich contribution of her own to the Church we believe that in Him alone is the full salvation Universal! which man needs. Mankind has seen nothing to be compared with the redeeming love of God in The Call to Evangelism the life and death and resurrection of Christ. What He is for us, Judge and Redeemer, Friend "The Church's message to the world is the Lord and Teacher, Brother and Lord, we long to see Jesus Christ Himself in all His manifold grace and Him become also for others. . . . Christ is revo- power. It is the work of evangelism so to exalt lutionary; He brings conversion and regeneration and proclaim Him, crucified, risen and glorified, when we meet Him, from whatever point we may that men may awaken to God, and to a sense of have started. Paul said: 'What things were gain their sin and separation from God, may be led to me, those I counted loss for Christ.' to true repentance and to that act of will whereby they believe in and receive the forgiveness of their sins through Christ and enter upon a new life of Christ and People of Other Faiths trust and obedience towards God and of abound- ing hope for this world and that which is to come. "Three consequences of this view of the reli- For its maintenance and expression, this new life gious life of mankind may here be mentioned. involves membership of the Christian fellows.hip, First, it implies that witnesses for Christ must so that he who has thus received the grace and have a deep and sincere interest in the religious forgiveness of God, at the same time must enter life of those among whom they are sent, for the outward society of fellow-believers and in his Christ's sake and for the sake of those peo- turn become a witness to the truth. Evangelism, pIe. . . . while it involves the interaction of human beings "Second, this interest in the religious heritage of on one another, is very diff·erent from attempts to nations must not lead us to assume, as has some- dominate or invade the personalities of others. times been suggested, that the Scriptures of these It is a work whose end can never be attained by religions could take the place of the Old Testa- weak human instruments unless the Holy Spirit ment as introductions to the Christian Gospel. The Himself works previously in them and through Old Testament was the Bible of Jesus to which He them. Essentially the Church is the instrument constantly referred, and gives an indispensable whereby the living God, through His Holy Spirit, background to the Gospel by showing the early makes His impact upon the spirits of men. The stages of God's preparation for sending our Lord. Gospel of Christ carries with it the promise of "Third, when churches grow up in the environ- social transformation and of the realization of ment of non-Christian religions and cultures, it is such ends as justice, freedom and peace. A living necessary that they should get firmly rooted in the Church cannot dissociate itself from prophetic and Christian heritage and fellowship of the Church pra.ctical activities in regard to social conditions.

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True evangelism will always include a forward- the churches require a restatement of the function looking vision. and training of the future missionary. We are The Danger of Compromise driven to make the following major emphases. The maj or functions of the missionary in the next "The Council is not unmindful of the faults and decade may be stated as follows: mistakes which have crept into some of the evan- "(1) To be a colleague and friendly helper in gelistic work of the churches and missions and the upbuilding of the life of the younger churches: that have proved obstacles to the spread of the "(a) By enriching their spiritual life, especially Gospel of Christ and to its genuine acceptance by through Bible teaching, evangelistic work and de- many. In pra'Ctical matters of leadership, or- velopment of means to cultivate and discipline the ganization and finance, Western methods have not spiritual life.

always been adapted to suit the fundamental char- " (b) By helping to train leaders for the varied acteristics of Eastern peoples; they have pro- ministry of the churches.

duced superficial results into which the creative "(c) By special service in medical and educa- work of the Holy Spirit entered only a little. tional work, and social reconstruotion programs There is the danger of seeking to extend the in rural and industrialized areas.

Church numerically without due regard to the full "(d) By fostering the concern within the meaning and purpose of evangelism as the Council churches for the expansion of Christianity into understand it. The Church undergoes temptations unoccupied areas.

to obscure its witness by compromise when faced " (e) By standing against the tide of modern by the problems of relations with governments, secularistic civilization when it invades the life friendly or hostile. of the churches.

"Personal and social habits and practices, which "(2) To witness against all the varied forms of are matters of indifference in one part of the secularized and materialistic life in the society in Church, may be a cause of offence in another, and which he lives, particularly that which derives therefore a hindrance to evangelism; the Council from his own country.

commend for universal acceptance the principles "(3) To embody and communicate the experi- contained in 1 Corinthians 10. In many countries, ence of the Universal Church. He will need fa- denominational differences., and the deep racial miliarity with worship experiences other than divisions within the churches themselves, obscure those of his own Church. He will need to keep in the Church's witness to the Gospel and paralyze touch with the ancient Church and with the de- their efforts to win men for Christ. Beyond all velopment of the world Christian fellowship as a these, there are great obstacles and difficulties in- unity. There is also need for men and women herent in the aim and character of the work itself who embody this spirit and experience in large and in the situation of those to whom the Gospel measure to be made available for limited periods is addressed. The International Missionary Coun- to the service of the whole Church, or the churches cil is of the opinion that these, and many other ob- of a particular area.

stacles to the spread of the Gospel,can be " (4) To help build bridges of understanding overcome fully only in so far as the churches and and cooperation between classes, races and na- their members confront more resolutely the rad- tions, and thus assist the peaceful development ical weakness in their own life which enfeebles and adjustment of their relationships in an or- their power to lighten the spiritual darkness of dered society.

our time and to lead men out of their present be- "(5) To carry the Christian Gospel into the wilderment. The Church as a whole must redis- many areas where Christianity is now unknown, cover the living power of the faith it confesses, or where no churches exist. the very Word of God to our day speaking in and through the Bible it cherishes, and the inward A Christian Rural Civilization peace and constraint that come from the Cross "The past decade has given us the ideal of a with which the Church is marked. Only so will Christian rural civilization. We need now to see it be renewed and enabled by the Holy Spirit to more clearly the implications of this ideal and to undertake the great task of evangelism in our press on more vigorously towards its realization. time. What are the spiritual and religious values that inhere in the processes of agriculture and in the The Future of the Missionary "The basic call to missionary service remains social and economic relationships of rural life?

what it has always been, the inner compulsion of What is the moral responsibility of those who till Christ giving birth to an irresistible sense of di- the earth to care for it and to pass it on inviolate vine mission; but the present condition of the for the use of succeeding generations? What is world and the present stage of development within the relevance of Christian principles to rural

SOME RECOMMENDATIONS FROM MADRAS

economy and rural social organization? . . . How "During the discussion it became abundantly clear that may the Christian message of God's redeeming love in Christ be best translated into the language the divisions of Christendom are seen in their worst light of rural peoples and speak to their physical, mental, social and spiritual needs? These questions in the mission fields. Instances were cited by the repredemand that Christians everywhere should engage in more earnest study and adventure so that we sentatives of the younger churches of disgraceful commay find and fulfil God's purpose for His children upon the soil. petition, wasteful overlapping, and of groups and indi- Ambassadors of Jesus Christ viduals turned away from the Church because of the di- "Concerning 'Missions of Fellowship' from the visions within. Disunion is both a stumbling block to the mission field to churches in the countries that send missionaries, the following suggestions are faithful and a mockery to those without. We confess with made as to the principles which should govern the visit of a mission from the younger to the older shame that we ourselves have often been the cause of thus churches: bringing dishonor to the religion of our Master. . . . Vis- "(a) They should go as ambassadors of Jesus Christ, never as 'specimens.' ible and organic union must be our goal. This, however, " (b) They should go simply to share their ex- will require an honest study of those things in which the periences of Christ without ulterior motive. churches have differences, a widespread teaching of the " (c) The members should be worthy representatives, intellectually and spiritually, of the Church common church membership in things that make for union which they represent. and venturesome sacrifice on the part of all. Such a union Cooperation and Unity alone will remove the evils arising out of our divisions. "While we are deeply humbled by the lack of unity in the Church, and by serious limitations . . . We appeal with all the fervor we possess, to the even in the practice of cooperation, we nevertheless wish to place on record the fact that the coop- responsible authorities of the older churches, to take this eration thus far achieved has led to a great increase of mutual understanding and trust. . . . matter seriously to heart, to labor with the churches in This unity of spirit has made us realize more fully how gravely our outward divisions are hindering the mission field to achieve this union, to support and enthe extension of the Kingdom of God, and indeed are stultifying our message of the love of God, as courage us in all our efforts to put an end to the scandalous the great reconciling force in a world that desperately needs it. . . . It is our deep and joyous con- effects of our divisions, and to lead us in the path of union, viction that in our advance along this path we have been led by God Himself and that He has put the union for which our Lord prayed, through which the the seal of His blessing on our cooperative service. We therefore urge the continuance and further world would indeed believe in the divine mission of the extension of cooperation in fields and in types of work where it is imperfectly practiced. . . . Son, our Lord Jesus Christ. .

"The following statement has been drawn up "We recommend: (1) That the International by the representatives of the younger churches Missionary Council arrange for studies to be and expresses their unanimous view. We ear- undertaken with a view to securing cooperation nestly commend it to the prayerful consideration in church discipline in regard both to the treatof all the Churches: ment of individual Christians who are under dis- cipline, and to marriage and other customs which are inherent in the social structure of the people. (2) That the organization of cooperative institu- tions be reviewed in light of the principle that the indigenous Church should have an influential share in the control and direction of policy, and in the relation of institutions to the whole Chris- tian enterprise. (3) That a deliberate and sus- tained effort be made by the International Mis- sionary Council and by the National Christian Councils to win the active cooperation of Chris- tian groups that are at present outside our fellow- ship. (4) That National Christian Councils be urged to initiate cooperative planning for the whole Christian enterprise in their respective fields, and that Mission Boards and churches on the field should consult with the National Chris- tian Councils in such matter. (5) That in view of the evident leading of God and the supreme ur- gency of the call for organic union on the part of the younger churches, the older churches take this to heart with the utmost seriousness, in the fields of prayer, thought, and action."

Cordell Hull, Secretary of State, makes this profoundly true observation: "Humanity desperately needs today a moral and spiritual rebirth, a revitalization of religion. There is no sure way to this supreme goal save through adherence to the teachings of the Bible."

A Kashgar Moslem's

-~ I Recorded by MRS. GLENN B. OGDEN, Kasganj, India Js- KASHGAR is a town on the plateau of Cen- edged Christ, came out of the crowd of bystanders tral Asia, north of the Himalaya Mountains and standing beside Joseph said, "I also am a and near the border of Turkestan. Here Christian." Joseph Ryehan was born. He came of good fam- They were marched through streets filled with ily, his mother being a noble woman and his armed soldiers and an excited mob who shouted, father of Jewish and Kashmiri descent. He was "Long live the King; kill the Christians." Arriva learned scholar, an ardent follower of Moham- ing at the Amir's court, the prisoners were lined med, and knew eight languages. The boy was up for judgment. Abel was shot; then beheaded. brought up strictly in the Moslem faith, but, when When Joseph's turn came he was questioned by still a small boy, was sent to the Christian mission the Amir who shook his fist at him, shouting: school conducted by the Swedish Mission. There "You are the very worst of the lot. You shall be Joseph heard the story of Jesus and the cross, and hung on my gallows tomorrow." The gallows. were was deeply impressed, but for a time he seemed to forget it. newly erected in front of the town's chief mosque.

After the boy had spent a year or two in the Dragged off to prison, Joseph was kept in the mission school, his father sent him to a Moslem stocks, his feet just touching the ground and his preparatory school; but Joseph was not satisfied arms bound so tightly at the armpits that he felt with the teaching there. He continued restlessly sure they would never again be of any use. After to explore other religions, even that of the local hours in this situation he was unbound, but a Chinese Buddhists. He went into their temple as heavy iron was put on his feet. He could not sit a "seeker" but found nothing to satisfy his inner down because the prison which had been a Chinese craving. Later he thought himself a Communist. cook-house, was crowded to capacity.

After a time the boy felt the burden of sin to During the niglit the Amir's younger brother be intolerable, and was unable to get relief. Sud- came into the prison followed by a troop of denly one day he saw a vision of three lights. He soldiers. Joseph thought his time had certainly believed that Christ appeared in glorious form. come. In the midst of his pain and half stupor When he came to Him the burden was lifted and came the thought: "My release has come; now Joseph was happy. Memories of the early Chris- I shall be with Jesus." When the question, "Are tian teaching returned. The New Testament, you not afraid of being killed?" was asked him, which before had seemed uninteresting, became a his reply was: "No, I shall go straight to God." living message, and he studied it with delight. The rej oinder was, "Ah, you should be killed. You Later he joined the Swedish Mission church and will certainly be hung tomorrow."

for four years witnessed at Yarkhand where he But he was not executed next day. A strange succession of events, which included much sufferhad been baptized.

One day an Amir appeared in Yarkhand with ing and reviling, left him still alive at the end of a large invading army, carrying all before him. seventy days. and nights, in the stench and filth In their youth this Amir and Joseph had been of that cook-house prison. Then another armed students together. The Amir proclaimed a Mos- force entered Yarkhand, drove out the Amir and lem crusade in the city, ordering that all Chris- released the prisoners. Joseph was immediately tians should be bound and brought to his court for sent by the friendly British Consul out of Kashgar trial. As Joseph was praying with some mis- into India.

sionary ladies who knew of the violent spirit in Since then he has been studying, preparing for the town, they heard a noise outside. As they further work for Christ. He says.: "I want to prayed, soldiers broke in and called Joseph to witness, always witness for Him." This summer, come with them. He was bound and in company for about two months, Joseph Ryehan was a stu- with many others was led through the town. As dent at the Henry Martyn School of Islamics, they were putting him into place in a line a young Landour, North India, and there told his story to man, called Abel, who never before had acknowl- friends.

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Animists in the

A letter from DR HENRY P. VAN DUSEN, written from Rante Pau, Celebes, Netherland East Indies DESPITE its diminutive dimensions on a hewn out of the solid face of rock-cliffs, where the world-map, Celebes is one of the larger and dead, after being kept in their own houses a year more important possessions in the Dutch after death with periodic feasts of an orgiastic Island empire of the East Indies. character and. considerable attendant promiscuity, *** are finally laId away, but with animistic beliefs about their continuing influence in the vivid spirit For almost twelve hours with only a break for the night we had been motoring from Makassar, world. the principal commercial and political center of At last, the road wound down into a river-plain, and we ienntaergerd~sas.t.ycpoivcearledvilcllaegaer.ingBut at the out- skirts, the left, a td the Celebes into the inaccessible mountainous hinterland. Mile after mile the rough road picks its way along the scanty edge of precipitous cliffs, brown steeple lIfted above the trees and the plain round hair-raising bends, up and up, with ever square building below announced itself unmisgrander, wilder jagged peaks on either side. Our ~akably as a Dutch church. It was Sunday mornancient Dodge bumped and swayed, shifting to m~ a~d one o~ two late worshipers were entering, second, then to low, and back again, but pushed shIeldmg theIr heads from the downpour with steadily forward and upward like a wiry kan- large banana leaves, Rante Pau's customary umgaroo. For hours we saw no white face, met no brella. A little farther on, another small white one Who could speak other than Malay and the !;>uilding suggested a hospital. In the doorway Just beyond a young doctor and his wife smiled a local dialect. As the scenery became wilder so characteristically Dutch welcome through the did the appearance and demeanor of the half- drizzle. naked little brown men and women along the road. Their rude rattan huts perched more and more We discovered many mutual friends; both had ins.ecurely on bamboo stilts. At the first sound of been leaders of the Student Christian Movement our car, they leaped for the edge of the road and in Holland before coming to the East. Cocoa turned rather wild and stupid eyes in frightened, and cake broke the ice and refreshed us after the uncomprehending stares after us. A fine drizzle journey. Then we inquired if it were too late to enveloped the mountains, and added a slimy sur- ~ oin the church service. Our host, explaining that face to the other hazards of this uncertain high- It was a quarterly communion and in the Toradja way. language, thought the service must be drawing to- Presently, we noted several of the houses for ward the close for he had heard strains of the which we had been looking, built in the shape of "middle hymn"-not the middle of the service but the native ships or prau which distinguish Makas- the middle of the sermon. (The middle hymn sar harbor, with great overhanging bows and bears certain analogies to a "seventh inning sterns. Then we knew we were in the heart of stretch" and is quite as serviceable, for the two the Toradj a land. For these little people (their halves of the discourse usually reach a half hour stature isa foot below average height), driven each !) tw~ hundred miles inland centuries ago, pushed We slipped into church and stole forward into theIr boats upstream before them and continue to front pews, for all others were crowded. The build their homes in that shape and to bury their Dutch minister, in tbhleacvkerGneanceuvlaar.gowOnn~ was read- ing his sermon in could not dead in prau, hewn of stone or wood. Secure in be certain that the auditors were grasping it much these mountain fastnesses, nearly half a million better than we. There was no slackening of revpeople have successfully resisted penetration by erent attention but I thought I detected a slight the stronger and fiercer tribes below. While the falling off in capacity for absorption during this lTaottreardjahapvraectibceeenunaMltoesrleedmpsrimfoirtivceeanntuirmiiess~ the and last ten minutes. But that did not seem greatly ancestor-worship. We passed their burial caves, to matter. One knew at once that the message of the worship was being conveyed, far more ef- • From The RresbY'terian T,-ibune, New York. fectively than by spoken word, through the un- [131 ]

adorned beauty of the building, through simple gested a garden-village. Again, the contrast to hymns to familiar tunes, through the indefinable the near-by villages through which we had passed intimacy of deep fellowship, perhaps most of all was staggering. We passed in and out among the through the stillness which pervaded the house houses, greeting the residents. On one porch a and all its company-simple, unemotional, genu- leprous mother rocked a new-born infant. Before ine, reverent, comradely, beautiful. another, children played in the sand. Everywhere cheerful, contented faces and cnrdiaI smiles wel- When the sermon was laid aside and the minis- comed us. We learned that the less severe cases ter took his place in the center of the long table can be cured. We noted no walls, no fences, no spread the width of the church and, after the guards. "Oh, but no one wants to leave. They lovely Dutch custom which so nearly reproduces would be driven from their own villages; quite the setting of the First Supper, the worshipers possibly they would be killed." Here was a lepercame forward and took seats at the table to his colony which was not merely a haven of refuge right and left and the bread was passed from hand and happiness for outcast souls but a model village to hand, one knew that Christian worship when for the entire locality! true and sincere is the same in every tongue and in every clime and that its focal center is in one The external contrasts-in cleanliness, health, place only-in the Supper of our Lord. One knew, intelligence, happiness, freedom from fear – no too, that what is supremely needed, alike for one could miss. But it was only later when we primitive animists of Toradja and for cultured visited in homes, inspected fetishes, learned in desophisticates of America, is that they should be tail of the customs and beliefs of the people that drawn through the unforced alchemy of that wor- the deeper contrasts could be fully appreciated. ship face to face with Him who first took bread and broke it, and washed His disciple's feet. It was, late evening before we got around to the hospital itself. Darkness had fallen and we felt As we took our places at the table, facing the our way around the dim wards by oil-lamplight. congregation, we had an opportunity really to Here and there beneath a bed, one or more memlook at them. We saw over two hundred clean, bers of the patient's family were curled up on the alert, well and tastily dressed men and women and floor; only on this condition would they permit girls, spotless in their simple native cos,tumes, hair their sick relative to enter the hospital. I was immaculately arranged, barefooted but winsome surprised to note several beds empty, but was and charming; almost every face was lighted by pointed to a figure stretched underneath; the ocan eager sincere reverence and open confident re- cupant could not rest comfortably on a cot so had pose. The contrast to the unkempt bedraggled rolled onto the floor and there slept peacefully. appearance and the bewildered, staring faces· of Seventy beds, always overcrowded for the conthe past two days was overwhelming. In their stituency number,s 300,000 people. The area of presence most of the discussions of missions one responsibility, close to 10,000 square miles of has heard evaporated into irrelevance like mist at jagged mountains pierced by hardly a road, must sunrise, or like "modern sex theories" in the be covered mainly on horseback. The medical staff radiant serenity of a truly Christian home. So numbers one doctor and one trained nurse, aided much utter nonsense is talked about Christian by locally trained native helpers. Tuberculosis, missions! I defy anyone, with open eyes and a venereal diseases, leprosy, cholera, trachoma, rupmodicum of concern for his fellow-men, to con- ture-these are the major ailments. Just now the front primitive life and religion in stark reality, most pressing need is an electric plant to supply and then witness a center of Christian faith and illumination, drying facilities and above all X-ray; life among them without confessing not merely the but that is a dream to conjure with in the distant validity but the inestimable worth of missions. future. When I was saying goodnight and laid on the table a paltry bill-less than an evening's Our host inquired if we cared to see the mis,sion theater at home-the young doctor grasped my leper colony. A half-mile back from the hospitaI hand with tears in his eyes. we came out upon a little plateau to discover one of the most lovely little villages we had ever seen. As we drove off in the gray dawn the following A dozen small houses, beautifully designed and morning, our last glimpse of Rante Pau was of constructed in the familiar shape of the native two dim figures standing in the doorway where prau and decorated by the inhabitants, each with they had greeted us the day before-weary and a its colorful garden, furnish haven and treatment little haggard but still smiling-surgeon, general and even cure to some hundred and forty lepers. practitioner, obstetrician, ophthalmologist, trop- On the hillside just above, a somewhat larger ical disease specialist, friend-at-Iarge to 300,000 prau serves as village church; the whole sug- primitive people-what a man's job!

Indian Poet, Narayan Varnan Tilak*

By the REV. KUND HEIBERG, Madras, India Missionary of the Danish Missionary Society, 1905- N ARAYAN VAMAN TILAK was called the India and Christ-these are the notes that re- "Tagore of Maratha-Iand." This is not a sound in all of Tilak's songs and in his life's deeds very accurate characterization, but is a tes- since the day he first gave his heart to Christ. timony as t'O the high esteem in which he was held not only among Indian Christians but by his Narayan Vaman Tilak was born seventy-seven Hindu fellow countrymen.. When he died twenty years ago (February 10, 1862) in Karazgao, in years ago (May 9, 1919) his name was known Dapoli Taluk, Konkan. He was a member of a far beyond the limits of Maratha-Iand and he was prominent Brahman family, and up to his ninth considered the greatest of modern Christian poets year lived in his grandfather's house. Here he in India. He was eulogized by a Hindu contem- grew up in beautiful natural surroundings. The P'Orary as follows: plain is one of the most fertile and luxuriant in India, being watered with abundant rain. These "The well-known Maratha poet and Pundit, surroundings developed in the boy a vivid love N. V. Tilak, was a pious Christian, but his Chris- for nature and moved the poetic chords in his tianity, as is the case with a constantly increasing soul. Love for nature was a great part of his life.

number of Indian Christians, 'Only helped to make Religiously he was profoundly influenced by his his love for his country more ardent. He was a mother who was of a poetic and imaginative natrue patriot, who looked into the future with deep ture and more independent in her thought and understanding and he was respected by all on ac- views of life than Hindu women are as a rule. In count of his truly religions life. As a Maratha later years he 'Often spoke of her as the one who poet he occupied a very prominent place among taught him to fear God and to love and serve man. his contemporaries." He declared that he never met another woman who was so nearly perfect as his pious mother. A well-known Hindu paper in Bombay wrote at She was, his first guru or spiritual teacher. the time: "Tilak's death is a loss not only for Indian Christians; it is a loss for the whole na- The grandfather was a pious Brahman who 'Obtion, which will preserve a loving remembrance served his devotional practi1ces with such zeal that of his truly holy life." the inhabitants of his little town even made fun of him. His religious zeal made a deep impression Pundit Tilak's ardent love for his Motherland upon his daughter's son who often played near found a beautiful expression in many of his poems him and t'O whom he was, much devoted. and gave the imprint to his life. But while his love for India was great, his love for Christ was Tilak's father does not seem to have been a greater. He had found the Pearl of Great Price model of amiability, but was a hot-tempered, vioand to possess it he sold all he owned; of this two- lent man. The boy could not get along with him fold love he s,ang: and when the mother died, he ran away from home and tramped to the town of Nasik with his Hindustan is my mother and all her children are most younger brother. Here he succeeded in obtaining precious jewels to me; instruction from some Indian pundits, among whom was a teacher by the name of Ganes Shastri Some lie covered with rubbish, and some lie hid in earth's Lile. Later in life Tilak always spoke of this man dark depths as having been, after his mother, his second guru. Shastri Lile taught Tilak to love India and it was Some are adorned with the radiant crown of Hindustan. in his school the foundation was laid for Tilak's My heart longs for them all; each one I love, ardent patriotism. The boy's talents attracted the I, the humble servant of my Motherland. interest of several prominent men who helped him in many ways. A message have I to bring, Hark ye, all ye sons of Hindustan. The boy attended an English school, but his in- Without Christ all is in vain; quiring (not to say revolutionary) nature did not Only if He fills your hearts, only then Can we know God's aim for our lives. It is Jesus who makes me a patriot true, So that I, His slave, am my Motherland's servant.

• Translated from the Danish by the late Dr. C. Theodore Benze. fit into the four walls of a sichool, any more than [133 ]

it afterwards could feel quite at home in the con- (3) There is no earlier birth and no repeated rebirt~s. fessionallimits of anyone church. All human suffering is due to man's personal failure III fulfilling his duties. A man's condition in this life depends Years of drifting followed during which he partly upon his heredity and environment and partly upon eagerly studied Sanscrit and English, religio~s his.own conduct. and philosophy. He worked hard to learn ArabIC so as to be able to read the Koran in its original (4) The essential thing in all religions is love and surlanguage and thus to penetrate more deeply to the render to God and men. heart of Mohammedanism. Buddhism fascinated him for a time and he determined to be like (5) Idolatry is sin, yea, the ·greatest of all sins; but Buddha in all but his faults. But neither Bud- such virtues as love, truth, mercy may be personified and dhism nor Mohammedanism could hold him per- worshipped. manently. Even in his early childhood he had broken the rules of caste and he continued to assail Tilak understood that if a man wishes to found the system of caste all his life. His mother. a~d a new religion, its future will depend upon such a his teachers who were Hindus and who were dIS- founder's personality. He says: "I saw that in posed towa;d reform, had influenced him in this order to propagate these principles I myself must direction. be a wonderful man. I began, therefore, to study the lives of founders of religions carefully." All Tilak's searching was now directed to finding the religion that would bring salvation, Tilak observed that most founders of religions strength and self-respect to his beloved Mother- were said to have performed miracles. Hence he land. He longed to see India great and free; but wanted to obtain power for this and devoted himit was clear that this could be attained only by self to Yoga practices, from which, according to spiritual regeneration. How to a,ccomplish this Hindu teaching, the power to perform miracles was the burden on his mind day and night. can be obtained. He spent two years in the severest ascetic practices and for days at a time While engaged in these speculations, Tilak came he sat on a mountain top, lost in meditation. His in contact with a religiously inclined Hindu in food consisted of plants and fruits such as he could Nagpur who spent great sums of money to acquire find near by. He sat there without noticing the Hindu literature, both ancient Vedic writings and burning heat of noon or the cold night winds. modern books. To this man's library Tilak had But he experienced great disappointment at this free acces's and "for three years," he says, "I swam very time when he thought to have reached his and tumbled in this sea of spe!culative thoughts goal. and poems." His studies resulted in an attempt to establish the fundamental principles of a "new" The people from the surrounding villages bereligion that was, to be higher and purer than any gan to come in crowds up the mountain to catch a other and which was to unite all of India, nay glimpse of the lonely saint and to call upon him more, all the world, in one brotherhood. For this for help. Indeed, once or twice he was reported new religion Tilak actually set down a number of to have been the means of wonderful healing. principles. Then their enthusiasm grew and the mountain hermit became the object of wondering adoration. This attempt to found a new religion is a strik- But this very enthusiasm opened his eyes to the ing example of the strong religious power, found emptiness of the whole business. "See," he said within the old Hinduism, which constantly seeks to himself, "it is only to get a glimpse of me, or to penetrate. to something better than Hinduism in the hope of a temporal good, that these people can offer. India's religious history reveals both are coming. They do not care anything for the in ancient and modern times a series of such at- teachings of my new religion. All their attention tempts. Its strong minds (like a Rabindranath and their talk centers in me. My doctrine can Tagore) have steadily endeavored to break the amount to something only if I myself can be lost iron bonds of the old Hinduism, especially· its to view while presenting the message I have to caste system. But in all these attempts one finds bring. that the fundamentals in reality point to the truth in Christianity. So he came down from the mountain and ended the Yoga practices. Up to this point Tilak did The following principles were enunciated by not concern himself about Christianity. He says: Tilak for his new religion: "Strangely enough, in my religious investigations I never thought of the Bible or of Christ. The (1) There is a rational Creator of the universe, who is reason for this was that the Bible seemed such a not an indefinite absolute Something like the Brahma of plain book to me." As a Brahman he wanted to the Hindus, but a personal being with a fatherly heart center his attention upon complicated problems, and all men are his children. as Brahmans like to do. He says "The Brahmans are by nature people who enjoy and admire either (2) All holy writingS! in all religions are the. work of such literature as is above their comprehension or men. The only writing in which we can study all about isa riddle to them. There are many Sanscrit God is the book of nature, the whole universe. books, which, I am sure, if they were translated

THE INDIAN POET, NARAYAN VAMAN TILAK

into the vernacular, would be cast aside by these pletely refuted. I began to embrace a love for very Brahmans, as useless rubbish. But let a Christ Himself and I continued to read on to the Brahman sing a few mantrams, which neither he last page of the Bible so as to learn as much as nor his hearers understand, and both parties will possible about Christ.:' be captivated. The simpHcity of the Bible was one reason why I had never investigated Chris- In Rajnandgaon there lived a Christian intianity. Another really important reason was spector of police who gave Tilak some Christian that no Christian preacher had ever talked to me books. One of these, Bushnell's "Character of about Christ and I had never seen any Chris4;ian Jesus," made a s.trong impression upon him. All book in Marathi that I cared to read." of this brought him into a severe spiritual strug- gle. He did not wish to take up the new religion The Christians, whom Tilak so far had met, carelessly but by reflection he came to be constood on such a low intellectual plane that he, an vinced of the truth of Christianity. Christ was educated Brahman, did not regard them as any the Teacher whom India and the world craved. better than idolators. The next step was to be convinced of the power In 1892, when Tilak was thirty years old, his of Christianity. How this happened is told by wealthy admirer wished him to publish a new Tilak in the following words: philosophical and religious periodical. Only two numbers appeared, for since Tilak set forth in "One day I fell into doubt about Christ's word them the new doctrines enumerated above, his 'Ask, and it shall be given unto you.' Like an patron abandoned him and he had to give up his ignorant child I determined to test the truth of editorial position. He then ac·cepted an offer of a the word. I prayed that I might receive a book position from an Indian prince, the Rajah of which would inform me about the history of Pal- Rajnandgaon. The journey thither became of estine and the times in which Jesus lived. I added great importance for he says: in my prayer that if my prayer would not be granted, I would reject the doctrine that God I traveled in the intermediate class and as I entered the showed mercy to His child. Suddenly the next compartment, the only European present, in place of re- day I was transferred to another government pulsing me, made room for me with a friendly smile. office. To my great joy and surprise I found in a box under some old junk, three books, all religious, I had my favorite Sanscrit poet Bhavabhuti with me and that treated of Christ and Christianity. These and the strange gentleman began to talk to me about poets books gave information about the very things. I and poetry. I was much interested in what he said and had prayed to be enlightened on. God continued to I discovered that he knew something about poetry and the send me many wonderful answers to my prayers art of writing it. I discovered that he knew some San- and I came to love Christ." scrit and was well informed on the Sanscrit literature. Afterwards he changed the subject and asked me about At this time Tilak came in contact with Baba my attitude toward Christianity. I told him about my new Padmanji, a learned high-caste man who had bedoctrines and he remarked to my great astonishment that come a Christian. The correspondence and subwithin two years I would be a Christian. I thought the sequent companionship with him was a great help man must be crazy to say such a thing. We talked a long to Tilak, who here found a guide that understood time. Finally he said, "Young man, God is leading you. him and could help him. More and more he ex- Study the Bible and study the life of Christ and you will perienced the power of Christ. The regeneration surely become a Christian." In my heart I scoffed at of soul, which his Yoga practices had been unable what I considered the man's impertinence. But he finally to effect, he found in his communion with Christ. offered prayer and then he gave me a copy of the New Testament. I promised to read it, not from any interest Tilak began to utter his new thoughts and his in the Bible itself, but for the friendly feeling which the changed views of life in verse and prose, in pubman's kindness had aroused in me. I left the train at lished poems, and printed articles. He wrote Rajnandgaon and we took cordial leave of one another. under a pen-name, but was soon discvered and Strangely enough, neither of us thought to ask the other his friends understood that he had become a Chrisfor his name, residence or position. tian. Persecution broke loose upon him, "such a persecution," he writes, "as can hardly be imag- Tilak never learned who his traveling com- ined, except by Hindus who turn to Christianity. panion was, but he began to read the New Testa- But God helped me and delivered me from various ment as he had promised. The book took hold of difficulties; He prepared 'a table for me with spirhim, especially the Sermon on the Mount. He itual food in the presence of mine enemies.' When writes, "I could not tear myself away from these I earnestly considered baptism, I was suddenly words so full of attractiveness and beauty, which reduced to poverty, lost my position, and lost my express the love and gentleness and truth, that friends. I had no acquaintance among Christians. the Sermon contains. In these three chapters I Even my own wife, whom I had considered to be found a satisfying reply to the most difficult ques- convinced of the truth of Christianity, turned tions in Hindu philosophy. I was astonished to see how the deepest problems found their solution here. To my amazement I discovered that the doctrine of the transmigration of souls was com-

against me and sought to overcome my determina- that people spoke disdainfully of "Christian Martion to be baptized. athi" until Tilak began to speak and sing.

"In November, 1894, I dreamed the same dream With the lower forms of speech there went gen- erally an inclination to despise all that was one's three nights in succession.: A person appeared own, to ape the missionaries in dress and man- ners, and to give up national peculiarities. This before me and said, 'Follow Me and fear noth- led to the deplorable situation that Hindus reing.' " . garded the conversion to Christianity as treason to their own land. To become a Christian, was Then Tilak chose the course he would follow. to them the same thing as to renounce Hindustan, He wrote to an American missionary, Mr. J. E. the Motherland.

Abbot, and ask him to inform others that he had In the person of Tilak there now stood forth an become a Christian. The 10th of February, 1895, Indian singer and preacher, who spoke and sang he was baptized by an Indian pastor, T. Nathoji, in words and tones that gripped Hindu hearts. in the American Mission church in Bombay. Tilak Those familiar with the Marathi language look says, "It was exactly two years after the man in upon Tilak's work as a spiritual regeneration of the train had given me the Bible. Thus does the the language used among Christians, yes, even as Lord lead His children and thus His will is done an enrichment of the language itself. One of Tilak',g disciples says it was like the spring that on earth." breaks forth in freshness and beauty.

Tilak's baptism was the introduction to active Tilak's poems have been widely cir,culated. In the streets of Ahmednagar, the beggars sing them. labor in the Ispread 'Of the Gospel of Christ and In Christian homes they have introduced new the Kingdom of God. He became pastor in the songs,. Even the theistic society, Parthana Somaj in BoOmbay, is said to use some of them, with alter- American Marathi Mission Church and accom- ations. One of Tilak's admirers thinks that his plished much good. One of the difficulties of the great poem Christayana ("The Story of Christ") Christian Church in India has been, that most of will exert the same influence upon the speech of its members. have come from the lowest class of Christians as Tulsi Das's Ramayana has exerted population, who before their baptism stood out- upon the Hindu language.

side of the real Indian community and Hindu cul- Tilak stands today first and foremost the poet of India. He sang of his beautiful country, which ture. The result has been that the Indian Chris- to him is "the crown of the earth." tian communion has been isolated. Tilak did what In one poem, "The Ascent of the Mountain," he was in his. power to build bridges. His old Hindu sings of the greatness of the land, its far-stretched friends locked him out when he became a Chris- mountains and valleys with their endlessly varied tian, but his poetic gift had already created a natural beauty. In the poem, "My Motherland," name for him. In this may be seen a reason why, he has sung the praise of In~ia, as her Christian son. after all, many leading Hindus showed him friendship. On the other hand, he was used to lift the Tilak has also been called the poet of flowers. Christian communion out of its isolation into the His language is a language of flowers, colored with many pictures from the world of nature. He is a movements of the times. singer of nature, but with a deep mystic sense for the world of eternity, extending beyond the sur- Tilak labored incessantly to win others for face of the visible world. Christ, especially among the educated classes. His poems have doOne a great work. Likewise his The poet expresses his poetical sense of nature sermons in the church, his instruction of the in the poem, "Woodland Flower," which reports a young and his training of pastors. Social work conversation between the poet and the Woodland he carried on with great zeal. In times of pesti- Flower. The poet admires its beauty, but deplores the fact that the Flower wastes its life in the lence and famine he was among the first to provide wilderness, alone, unknown, and of no use, since help for the needy. The founding 'Of a children's it has no man to admire and use it. But Woodland home and of a Society for Social Work are due to Flower indignantly defends her life in the jungle his efforts. forest by saying that right there it lives its life, free under the open sky and serving God. It well But Tilak did his greatest work as an author. knows the fate of flowers in the house of men who His poetry had a far-reaching importance for the pluck them and use them for their selfish ends. Christian Church in Marathi-land. He is consid- The poet tries to persuade Woodland Flower to ered the greatest Christian poet in the Marathi give up her ascetic life and to come and live among language.

When Christianity is presented toa people, not by one of the land's own sons, but by foreigners who never have completely mastered the language, and when besides most Christians come from the lowest classes of the people and from their least developed dialects, it easily happens that the Christian speech remains undeveloped. This was the characteristic of Marathi Christian speech, so

THE INDIAN POET, NARAYAN VAMAN TILAK

men and to be useful. Woodland Flower says It moveth my inmost soul; "No!" and the poet gives up his case. But as he A vision is flooding with splendor of light leaves the Woodland Flower, his heart is suddenly The halls of my soul. changed and wherever he goes after that, he no- All motion of hands and all action of thoughttices that the Flower lives in his heart as well as It quivers, it sinketh, it ceaseth. in the Woodland. He becomes himself that which My soul drifts away; no longer do bonds he has seen. Now fetter me close to the shores of this world.

Some readers see in this poem the doctrine of o sleep! how I long now to sleep! Have mercy upon me! meditation and action as found in the ancient Indian poem, the Bhagavad Gita. Others interpret Let no one awake me again! it as a description of the poet's peace of heart on seeing the flower in its right place, in the poet's Another example of the mystical trait in Tilak's own soul and there created music. From this the poetry is his poem on "Love" in the form of a thought is derived that the true Gardner of the riddle: soul gives the human soul a chance to grow freely, wherever the right place is. It need not be plucked A flower-it grows way down in sorrow's plain, off sacrificially to adorn us or our surroundings. Guess ye the name? It drinks of tears the rain; When sorrow's sun departs, so hot and dry, Whichever interpretation is correct, we are It groweth upward toward the bright blue sky. agreed on one thing, admiration of this poem and the other nature poems such as "The Joy of A magic drink-can you its name discern? Spring," the "Dance of Nature," the "Music of the One taste of it, the dead to life return: Birds." And silent lips break forth in melody, While eyes of blind see visions heavenly. Tilak is the poet of unity. The striving of this Indian soul for unity back of all multiformity A magic word-ah guess it if you can; breathes forth from many of his songs. In some It makes a "fool" e'en of the "wisest man": of his poems he records the mixed character of The "I" and "thou' he doth no longer know! the times with all their "Noise," "Turmoil" and Who knows the meaning, straight to God shall go. "Division." He meets men, some highly cultured, some without culture, and their common trait is Now have you guessed? What is this flower so rare, that they deplore the times. India's heart is torn That when it blossoms; God is always there? asunder by congresses and conferences, by moderates and extremists, by theists, theosophists, ad- As a religious poet Tilak is, in one sense, a herents of the Arya Somaj, Brahmans and Sudras, continuation of the series of religious poets within caste people and subcastes, by people who desire Hinduism, commonly called "Bhaktas" because reformation and people who clamor for reaction, they gave expres,sion to the devotion of love which by Mohammedans and Hindus, and no one can tell is called Bhakti. But there is a difference. The where all this division will end. But Tilak's op- Bhaktas are like those who seek. This applies to timism answers that from disunion, will come the ancient Bhaktas, like Tukaram, as well as to union, as light breaks through darkness; back of the moderns like Rabindranath Tagore. Tilak the uproar of the times is, God's everlasting mel- has found the secret. The religious songs of India ody which shall some day burst forth as the song contain the most beautiful expression for the longof harmony. Men say India is old; but India is ing of the human soul after the living God; but forever young. in Tilak there is one thing more, thanksgiving for having found God in Ghrist. Bhakti, the devotion The same longing for union, for harmony, for of love, loving faith, meet in Christ, the God who rest meets us also in Tilak's religious poems.. Here is Love. we see a self-surrender as deep as only the strong emotional life of the East can create, and clothed We quote below several of Tilak's religious in rich tropical imagery. The inner union of the songs. soul with God, the penetration into divinity, that is that for which the poet's soul longs. AWAKE, MY SOUL!

In the poem "Presamadhi" we are led into his Awake, my soul, awake and praise mystic thought-world. Immersed in a spiritual The sovereign Lord o'er night and day. trance, in which all ,consciousness of the world of Go forth along life's way again, sense disappears, he feels his whole being over- Praise God, the Glorious One, in song. whelmed, yea engulfed in the object of his love. He sings: To think of Him filled night with song, To serve Him filled the day with peace; o love, I sink down in a timeless sleep, By day, by night at His footstool, We joyed to be at one with Him. Sink down in a timeless sleep, An image uprises before me Whate'er the coming day may bring Bring thou thy offering to Christ; Give up thyself in faith, to Him, And at His feet adore, my soul!

Seek, if thou wilt, the whole world through, Where wilt thou find a friend like Him? He leadeth thee with loving care- o follow Him in all thy ways.

To save thee is His only aim PRAYER To help, to teach, to heal thy heart, And to refresh thy weary soul, Prayer in loving humble hearts, And call thee home from all unrest. Opens wide the doors of heaven, Prayer is God's own dwelling place Thou art the weapon, He the hand, Where His children see His face. And every counsel comes from Him- Upon His altar lay thy will, We from earth a ladder raise, Abide with Him from day to day. Prayer we call it by its name, Prayer is God the Father's knee THE LOVE OF CHRIST Where His trusting children sit.

One all unworthy to be called Rain of love and Spirit's light, Among disciples in Thy school Tears of joy in prayer we have, Thou, in Thy love didst call "a friend," Walk with God, and feel His kiss, Oh Love, amazing, great! That is prayer His servant knows.

So weak am I, oh God of grace Tilak is not only the poet of India, nature and So all unworthy in Thy sight, religious tenderness. He is also the poet of home. That e'en the dust upon Thy feet He himself led a happy home life after his wife Is worth far more than I! returned to him and also was baptized four years after his baptism. In the poem entitled "Sushila," Thou dwellest in unending light Tilak brings before us a young girl's life and Above all earthly sin and shame- growth at home and her spiritual development. In That Thou shouldst bear our sin and shame! the introduction there are a few stanzas that in Can I such love tell forth? no wise yield to the tenderness and beauty of Western song in praise of home. Did He not deem the heavenly throne A matter of such small account, HOME And yet esteem it great to be For me a mortal man? Is there on earth such a lovely place That it may be compared to the one true home? And when the nails pierced deep His flesh Did He not bear it patiently? Where every assumption of "me" and "mine" Then how describe His life divine, Is utterly gone and you never can find So patient and so pure? The slightest traces of selfishness left And love is the ruler that weareth the crown. Thus Love came down in human form, Love's Self, from saving love for me! Where pride is not known that bows down to itself, I hardly dare behold His face Where the good of the neighbor is the same as one's own, For shame, for bitter shame. Where all are intent in one aim to compete, To render each other the service of love. And if there be aught good in me I owe it all to Thee alone Where under the fashions so manifold, Then guard and guide me, 0 my Lord, One mind alone wieldeth harmonious sway, As Thou dost guard Thine own! All suffer, all conquer, all smile or else sigh, Bring Paradise back to the plains of this earth. UNION WITH CHRIST Where under the gentlest and tenderest care, As the moon and its golden beams are one, The highest, most glorious actions spring up, Thus my prayer is this, 0 my Lord and God, And blossom together as in gardens of old, The prayer of the mendicant- And grow to perfection as glorious fruit. That I may be one with Thee! The home which has fostered from the day of their birth, Like a loving wife will I hold Thee fast, And lavishly nurtured all over this earth Yea, hold Thee forever in loving embrace, The heroes and poets, the wise men and saints, Like a daughter I call to Thee, The house that refreshed in their pilgrimage days. Like a sister I sing Thy praise! God's ladder by which all humanity mounts, As words and their meaning are tied in one, And being thus tied they can serve but one aim. To the mountains three t of its highest desire. Thus let us be bound, 0 Lord, Thus utter thy speech through me. A heavenly dwelling and temple divine, Where bideth the Maker, the Father of men. Oh grant that my soul might a mirror be That Thee I might see in its polished face, Yea, is there on earth such a lovely place In my thought, my speech, my life, That it may be compared to the one true home? Oh make them all bright and pure! Tilak had one more string to his bow. We see And take Thou my body, oh my Saviour dear, him also engaged as a polemic writer. His activity And make Thine abode in my inmost soul, as minister and churchman, involved him in all To be without Thee, oh Christ, questions which in recent years have agitated In- Is sin, is the deepest death! t The three mountains of desire are the heights of religion, wealth and position. The desires of the senses, according to Indian thought, are everything that man can wish for.

THE INDIAN POET, NARAYAN VAMAN TILAK

dian Christians. The most burning is the ques- the poet of the proud VISIOns, who foresaw a glorious future for Ghrist's Church in the land tion of the independence of the Indian Church. which he loved and whose sons, as he hoped, should spread Christ's Gospel in their Motherland. Self-consciousness has grown strong among In- Tilak was something of a free lance and a man dian Christians as it has on the whole, among all of opposition; to say it more practically, he had in himself the nature of the woodland flower. Orientals. Hitherto the foreign missionaries were This nature, this urge toward freedom and inde- pendence, induced him finally to give up his posithe ones who guided and directed all affairs of the tion as a pastor and to work for the coming of God's Kingdom to his Motherhood, as a free singer church; now we have come to the time of transi- and preacher of God's grace, as a Sunyasi, his love for India coalesced with his love for Christ. tion in which the growing Church desires to stand Death prevented Tilak from being very long upon its own feet, to be independent and to pass active as a Christian Sunyasi. But the tones which he first caused to resound in the hearts of from dependence to freedom, from subordination Indian Christians, India and Christ, are now heard everywhere in the church of India. to equality. We will close with the poem, "My Motherland," Tilak took part in these discussions and in one which is a fit summary of his spirit.

of his poems gives strong expression to the feel- MY MOTHERLAND ings of Indian Christians, their craving for in- (In the style of an Indian Lyric) dependence, their longing to find their own forms Chaff will I eat and tatters will I wear for thy love's sake, my Motherland. For thy sake will I cast in the dust of expression for their Christian consciousness, all that is thought to be honor and happine.ss.

independent of the dogmatic foreign mold which Sooner or later shall my soul leave this tabernacle of dust and depart hence; but can death part me from thee? the missionaries brought, and in which Indian Thou knowest, it cannot. To be thy child, what blessed- ness is this! Who can take this from me? Has any robber Christians have grown up. The poem is addressed courage to do so? Has time? Has death? Nay, none of them. to the foreign missionaries. . I will offer up my body, my life will I give in thy service, You came here bringing Christ to us, my noble land. Some will laugh, some will weep over this You brought your body, life and all to us! burning love. I care naught for that. Born to be thy son, There is no limit to our debt to you for this; I shall be that to the limit. May God help me to that end. We owe you all. But now we have a little prayer to make. Our riches, our good name, our wisdom, thou carest not Will you then listen? for these. It is we and we alone whom thou regardest as You are our Mother and our Father, we but helpless in- life of thy life. Oh thou loving Mother, take then this my self, which I offer thee, however trifling the offering may fants. be. And as, I do this, I do nothing more than follow my But now it is time these things should end! Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, my Friend, thy Friend and You are the ones who wrought this rule of bondage. the Friend of all. Oh call it not God's kingdom. Weare the dancers, you the orchestra. May the Almighty help me, that the Disciple may be- How long yet shall this last? come as his Master, fully and completely like Him, and How long yet will you have us be linactive? not a particle less than that and to do for thee, my mother- Hath God not eyes to see withal? land, and for the world, what He did. Then shall I, whom Then let us swim, or let us drown. thine eyes may see tortured, slain or dead, serve thee Thus only can we learn at last to swim. throughout the ages, how many of them, neither you nor Keep all your doctrines to yourselves alone, I may know. But let us first find Christ. And be not wroth, for I am but a messenger at best, And what folk utter, that I tell. Let us be brothers first and sisters; Then let us find the answer to our other questions.

Tilak dreamed of a great future for the Indian Church. At the Centennial of Marathi missions he uttered the words: "The century just passed was that of the foreign missionaries. The coming one is ours."

These words give us a clear picture of Tilak, THE LIFE MORE ABUNDANT Christianity is not the religion of sorrow and gloom; it is the religion of the morning, and carries in its heart the happiness of heaven. .

Christianity is not a restraint but an inspiration-not a weight but wings; not subtraction but addition.

Christianity brings zest and sparkle to life; it is sunshine on the flowers, rather than moonshine on the snow; it is life more abundant; it is leaving the little narrow life behind and leaving it for ever.

Christianity is the' experience and the expression of Christ in the heart.

DOCTOR TAKING A PATIENT TO THE HOSPITAL, THE CABOOSE ON RUNKERS FOR WINTER

15 MILES AWAY, BY SNOWPLANE NOTE THE CHIMNEY FROM THE STOVE INSIDE Messengers of Faith in Manitoba IIBishop's Messengers of Faith in the Diocese of Brandon"

~- -e( I By MISS ROSALIE F. PENNELL, Manitoba, Canada A LL are ready for the Christmas festivities at senger speaks of the Light of the World and tells .r-. Dunkinville. True, tomorrow, not today, is how each one must come to that Light to have Christmas, but the Messengers live about their own little lamp kindled, and must then take twenty miles away so that it is impossible for it out into the dark world to give light to others.

them to reach Dunkinville on Christmas Day- Then, in symbolic action, each worshipper brings the "local" runs the day before. an unlighted candle to the Crib, lights it there, It is bitter cold, well below zero. The Mes- and joins. in a procession to bear, as it were, sengers who have started at 7 a. m. are met at Christ's Light into the darkness.

the little station and drive the seven miles in an After the service, Christmas greetings are given open sleigh. There is just time to warm up be- and received. Then the Messengers make their fore the carol service begins in the Community way to the stricken house where lies the body of Hall. But tragedy is stalking abroad on this the little girl. There was no one among the group holy Christmas Eve. A small boy of seven, play- of women gathered there who could do what was ing with a gun, points it at his sister in jest. The necessary. They were all afraid, so that it fell to gun goes off and the little community is thrown the senior Messenger to take charge. There was into gloom. But the Christmas service takes place practically nothing with which to work – only as arranged so that nothing shall hinder the faith- dirty rags and a little soiled cotton-wool; the only ful Christians from honoring the Christ on the sheet in the house being one with a bright check.

evening of His nativity; but the merry-making Then the Messengers. returned at 2: 30 a. m. to as planned is omitted. find that their dear old hostess had been keeping It is so cold that only a few children have been turkey warm for them.

able to brave the weather, their clothing not being "Who are these Messengers and what do they adequate to keep them warm out of doors. The do?"

congregation numbers about sixty, more than half In 1926, Miss Fowler, a graduate of St. Chris- of whom are men. Many are away from home in topher's College, Blackheath, England, asked the the "bush," cutting lumber. Bishop of Brandon to send her out to help the It is a beautiful and heartfelt service, held in lonely and isolated women of his distant diocese the long frame building, dimly lighted by oil in Western Canada. As a result the Order of lamps. Bishop's Messengers of St. Faith's was formed.

The lights in the Christmas Crib glow all the Miss Fowler and a companion were sent to brighter in the surrounding dimness. The Mes- work, not in the town of Swan River, where there [140 ]

MESSENGERS OF FAITH IN MANITOBA

was a resident priest, but outside of Swan River, One Christmas, when the priest, accompanied with a roving commission to do what they could where they could. by a Messenger, was traveling by snow-plane the Starting with a small shack and two workers, Communion wine froze. On another occasion the there are now over a dozen trained and licensed Messengers, and a number of helpers. The Mother engine of the "local" froze at Swan River and the House is located at Swan River and Daughter Houses at Birch River, Cormorant Lake, Wa- priest who should have been at Birch River (20 bowden, and a one-roomed shack at Mafeking. Some of the Messengers minister also to outlying miles north) at about 11: 30 a. m. did not reach districts, holding services and classes in schools or homes. Two other dioceses have borrowed there till 6 p. m. . Messengers from the Order. There are also meetings for Guides, Cubs and What do the Messengers. do? During the summer there is always visiting and visiting and VIS- Brownies, and there is the Guides' Camp at Madge ITING, running a race with approaching winter. At least one Messenger goes out in the Sunday Lake at which many of the Lone Guides get their school caravan. Services are held at as many points as possible, generally once in two weeks, first idea of the team spirit of Guiding. There are and at these schoolhouse services, in spite of the old harmonium, the children's uncomfortable desk game nights, at one of which might be found, on seats (rather a misfit for grown men and women) and day-school surroundings, there is often an a certain night 50 below zero outside, as many as "atmosphere" of worship that would compare favorably with that of many a stately and well-ap- twenty-seven children packed into a room 14 by pointed city church. Something is done to make the building more church-like – a few pictures 15 feet, with two beds, a stove, three tables, chairs are hung up; the teacher's desk is pushed against the wall and draped with hangings; a small and benches! There are socials where many corwooden Cross is placed on it, and someone will bring a bunch of flowers when they are to be had, ners are rubbed off and differences forgotten, and either gathered on the way or from their own garden. you may hear some tired farmer declare that he Then there are classes for preparation for bap- has not laughed so much for years. Mothers' tism and confirmation; men, women, boys, and girls. The Bishop on his annual visit, goes to meetings and unexpected guests at all hours are every point where there is even only one candidate rather than summon them to a central place, added to the heavy but important work of the and thus the congregations get to know and love their Bishop and their place of worship is hal- Sunday school by Post, which is often the only lowed by these associations. religious teaching that children receive in isolated Many difficulties are overcome in reaching these little outpost flocks. Weather looms large in the places. Bundles are constantly being sent out to work of the Messengers, and roads that are good in fine weather, become nightmares in snow or needy families. For example–Edna, a member after rain. All sorts of conveyances are used; in summer usually the auto, which often runs long of one of the congregations, was to be married. after it is wise and this results in many adventures. In winter, cutters, dog-sleighs, box-sleighs, She had worked very hard on the farm and in the cabooses, and on special occasions the snow-plane, which is a sort of car with an aeroplane engine home as her mother used to walk five miles to earn and propeller. It can reach a speed of 30 miles per hour. It is bitterly cold and noisy inside but a dollar by washing. The few dollars that might the chief drawback from the Messengers' point of view is the cost as ic has to be hired at so much have gone to provide a little trousseau were swalper mile, and the miles mount up horribly. lowed up when a summer gale blew off the top of their house. After that they had to live in the chicken house, until they could put on the new roof. The Messengers heard of the disappoint- ment and ransacked the bale room to select a bundle of clothing for Edna. "Were the things nice?" the senior Messenger asked. "I'll say,"

was the brief but unmistakable reply.

Hundreds of Christmas parcels go out to homes which in many cases will have no other material "Christmas cheer." The bale room also stocks the Jumble Sales which take place at each centre about once a year. This is indeed a red letter day for every mother, and pennies are carefully saved to buy the merest trifles for the family. No Bond Street shopper could have more fun in the excite- ment of choosing! The proceeds of the Jumble Sale are put into a fund, aptly called "The Samari- tan Fund," to help the people in sickness and other divers needs. There is the occasional funeral when no minister is within reach, and a great deal of sick nursing.

As one of the Messengers said: "Our work can never be dull for every day brings something un- expected." Inspiration comes through the Mes- sengers' daily private devotions and reading, and in public worship.

Home Missionaries Need

By MILDRED S. CAPRON Secretary to the Protestant Episcopal Missionary Bishop of Wyoming W E ARE a strange people! Families employ or translation, or equipment providing mechan- a cook and provide her with cooking uten- ical and more rapid means of caring for routine sils; a farmer has his faImling imple- work. ments; an architect is not expected to retain his For the most part these are items which the plans in his head but is given a medium for re- average person would take for granted, items the cording them; a nurse or doctor is never without necessity for which the office person or houseequipment. And yet for years church people have keeper or schoolteacher would readily underbeen sending women missionaries, evangelistic stand. Because they are so easily taken for and religious education workers, to their posts, granted, they are likewise easily forgotten. expecting them to do a first-rate job without pro- Many workers have gone to the field quite unviding them with tools or equipment, money for aware of how their hands were to be tied for purchasing teaching materials, for employing lack of materials. One instance comes to mind: a translators, funds for office equipment or postage, woman worker was given the job of revising all traveling expenses on the field, and such items not the teaching materials in the Church school from otherwise provided. For years the missionarie1> primary up-a job requiring several years for have been doing a first-rate job, in spite of the completion. And in a foreign tongue! Obviously handicap, and have skimped on their small sal- a translator was necesary. The only fund availaries to provide in at least a meager way essen- able for paying a competent translator was a tial materials, but feeling always as one mission- monthly amount sufficient for a coolie's wage. ary expressed it "like a bird suspended on a wire." This missionary, though appalled by the size and The day has passed when a desire to be a mis- importance of the job committed to her, did a sionary, or have a call, is sufficient to make a mis- splendid job, but at a great personal sacrifice. sionary. Just as in secular teaching, we now insist that more than a bodily presence is necessary, so Volunteer help was solicited at every turn. the job committed to the missionary demands Those in Church school and rural work are adequate training. This often means a training in history, literature, psychology, sociology, to- aware of the inadequacy of our printed materials gether with pedagogy, also some knowledge of and how we are continually turning to other commusic, finance, practical nursing, handicrafts, munions to supply our lack. domestic science, and possibly other specialties. The evangelistic and religious education worker Visual education is the great need today. But on the mission field is called upon for everything pictures, and maps, and posters, and books all and by everybody. He or she must be so alert cost money. mentally as to undertake any job and do it well. A woman missionary must be able to teach illiter- Again are we doing right when we provide a ates with the same agility as the educated. She rural worker with a car without providing gas must have great facility with children. And above and oil as well? Those living in the broad areas all, she must have the same love for people as that of the deep West, where distances are so great, of Christ the Great Teacher. roads often bad, and gasoline so high, know some- thing of the high cost of locomotion. The cost in Some of the tools needed for this super-person dollars and cents of searching out and extending may be grouped into four sections: a helpful healing hand may seem hardly com- mensurate with the number reached but Christ's 1. Printing. Leaflets, maps, posters for Church religion is not on a per capita basis and wherever schools, auxiliaries, clubs, summer conferences, His children are, it is our high privilege to minand for materials for use in f3!milies. ister to them. These people so isolated, that it is not only necessary to make long journeys to de- 2. Supplies of books and pamphlets to help in liver books and magazines and Sunday school religious education of all ages. material-that could be done by mail-but there should be the uplifting personal contacts, for these 3. Means of travel and traveling expenses be- people are so dependent on their own resources, tween mission stations. that much travel is required to comfort them in their troubles and sorrows and to bring them new 4. Secretarial and office help for clerical work • Adapted from The Spirit of Missions. hope and vision and joy of Christ.

[142 ]

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Effective Ways of Working crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. i.VICGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE., INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~'=I============="~ How a Pastor Enlisted tions and classes already carry- vistas of service and responsi- His Whole Church ing out a program of their own bility are opening up before us. is obvious. He is the logical one From Berkeley, California, to present to them all the oppor- Are you using the newer miscomes a report of a new plan for tunity for a cooperative study of sionary hymns? Or are you still missionary education. Sunday value to everyone. In this case singing about yourselves, "lightschool classes in this church cus- his wisdom was shown in using tomarily had supper meetings on existing class and organizational ed with wisdom from on high," Wednesday evenings. Through units, so that machinery already denying to souls benighted the the fall months the missionary existing might function. Too often an all-church missionary lamp of life? The old hymns education plan has made use of study ignores existing relation- are rich and full. There is still this set-up, displacing the usual ships, doubles administrative a place for them in worship. But loads and loses the automatic in- you need the modern form and activities. clusion of lukewarm persons, words to make responsibilities . Each organization or Sunday quite willing to wor~ witp.in seem vivid, and points of view in their accustomed relatIonshIps, today's missionary task seem school department was given a but not at first interested enough vital. It will stimulate your country or field, in which the to attend extra or unusual gath- missionary group's thinking and foreign and national boards of erings. add much more than just novthe denomination have missions. elty to your meetings to move This assignment was made in Another point to be noted is order that through the fall they that the pastor is familiar with into the field of the new missionmight study it by any means at the needs of the existing groups. ary hymns. their disposal-study books, let- He knows what their program includes. He is able to help sug- Thefollowinghymn (page 144) ters, pictures, etc. gest assignments. which will sup- The church calendar at the end plement their regular activities was written by a Danish man and studies and develop their after the folk school to which he of September listed the 23 as- special abilities. had given hi,s heart's devotion had signments thus made, so that each might know the field of The pastor, too, in most to be closed. It had to be closed their own and the others' studies. churches, is an effective admin- because the government would Africa, Korea, Our Southern istrator. He knows the best not give it the additional aid Mountains, The American Bible channels for publicity. He is usually accorded such schools, on Society-such were the assign- aware of resources. account of his rather liberal ideas. As he agonized over the ments made. As you consider missionary seeming destruction of all he Every Wednesday eve n i n g education in your church, look carefully to the possibility of held dear, there suddenly came groups met for study a?d ~or having your pastor lead the plan- to him a longer view of life. He preparation for a culmmatmg ning and execution of the proj- wrote this hymn, serene in its activity designed so that each ect. It should not mean less faith, rich in its imagery. might share some high points of work for other leaders in the church. But in many cases it Kagawa has "adopted" it an.d their own study with the other will mean a more effective piece it is sung in the meetings of hIS groups and also with those who of all-church work. movement. Cooperative groups use it. It is a good hymn for had not in any way been involved Gain New Strength Through missionary groups in our counin the study. Worship try and elsewhere. What if our This culminating activity took It is a new world we are liv- cause does not go forward as it the form of a three days' exposi- ing in, with new concepts and should? We must look at it with tion turning the whole church new modes of expression. New a longer vision and learn to work into'the "world" and showing re- earnestly even for that which sults of the study by booths, pic- [143 ] may never come to fruition in tures, talks, etc., put on by dif- our life-time. ferent organizations in different parts. of the church. Dse this hymn first as a solo, giving something of its ~ack­ The pastor's place in such a ground as we have given It to plan which involves organiza-

you here. Have it sung very Young People Make Inter- problem connected with this venture simply. Use its music as pre- racial Contacts has been the securing of delegates lude to your devotional. It is an from the non-white and non-native easy tune and will become fa- The following report has some born American groups, for these are miliar very soon. Then, in some points well worth pondering arid almost invariably composed of low inone meeting, take time to learn emulating: come families.

to sing it together. Use it fre- The summer conference for Meth- The young people of one suburban odist young people of Chicago and church felt they would like to help quently thereafter until it is as vicinity has for some years been op- solve this difficulty by raising a fund erated on an inter-racial basis-and to take one or two delegates to the familiar as "From Greenland's that is a story in itself. Through the Institute as their guests. Surveying Icy Mountains." depression years the most difficult the field, they discovered that Ne- groes, Chinese, Filipinos and several That Cause Can neither Be Lost nor Stayed European groups had been repre- sented in previous summers, but never CHRISTIAN OSTBRCAAItD Danish Folk TUI e anyone from the Mexican group. Ac- cordingly, they began to make plans. J q'"lt •••• Ii •• The Mexican Methodist pastor was '"It -=-J .~ contacted and was delighted to coop- erate. The young people decided upon ~ a lawn festival as a first money- 1. That cause can neith – er be lost nor stayed raising device. The Mexican group 2. Each no' – ble serv – ice that men have wrought sent out half a dozen young people 3. There – by it – self like a tree it shows; who played and sang as a feature of the festival. After the last guest had 4. Be then no more by a storm dis -mayed, departed, the local young folks and their Mexican visitors held an im- • ~_ J ~ promptu party which was a delight to all. ~~kIp. Jfi~ :J -z;I" .". 019- "U The Mexicans were auick to invite their new friends to attend their own Whl.ch takes the couI rse of what ":rod bas made; young people's meeting and on a sub- sequent Sunday evening a joint meet- Was first con – ceived as a fruit – luI tho't; ing was planned. A large group went That high it reach -es, as deep it grows; into the crowded quarter of the city where the Mexican church is located. For by it the full-grown seeds are laid; Several of the visiting young people had the novel experience of bringing ogg r IJ r IF- J=t!=J greetings to the young Mexicans .". :6t through an interpreter. After the formal meeting another delightful ~§:j§j~~~~m9~ w~ And is not trust – ing in program of singing, recitations and and tow – ers, instrumental music was staged.

Each wor· thy cause with a fu – ture glo-rio'us The proceeds of the lawn festival were supplemented from other sources AHJ-~ ~f~~f~-E=:~~~t1~"I-;E~J And when the storms are its branch – es shak-ing, and eventually enough was realized And tho' thp. tree by its might it shat-ters, to invite a boy and a girl to attend .. .. tt· the summer conference as guests. These delegates were selected with the ~ aid of the Mexican pastor, and they '- ~ had "the time of their lives." The But slow – ly grow-ing from seeds to Bow -ers. interest generated by this experiment By quiet – Iy grow-ing be -comes vic – to – rious. carried over into the followinl; year It deep – er root in the soil is tak – mg. and there were a number of other ex- What then, if thous-ands of seeds it scat -ters. changes. A major note in the whole •… ~9!90 interprise was an emphasis upon the • '-=" contribution of music and friendship which the Mexican youth were able to Translated from the Danish by ]. A. Aaberg. make, so that there was an absence The song has been used with the permission of of condescension -and superiority on Cooperative Recreation Service the part of the American group.-J. L.

We should like to draw atten- tion to several points. First, the problem to be solved was one of more than local significance. It involved a policy of the confer- ence, that of operating on an inter-racial basis. The young people started out by wishing to do something to help forward that ideal.

Second, the spirit of the proj- ect became theirs in their deter- mination to take as guests those for whom they financially made conference possible. The differ- ence between belonging to an in-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

timate group within the bigger to take them as guests. They did the Reformed Church. The cast ingroup for the Mexican boy and not raise money for them but cluded more than forty people from girl, and that of going on their with them. It was a joint enter- the different participating churches. own, no matter how welcome, is prise. Later there was the fur- Our own church furnished the boys for apparent. The difference be- ther joining with the Mexican the boys' school scene, as well as three tween having as part of their pastor in solving his problem of of the leading characters. More than own group the guests they were feeding and clothing his needy. a thousand people crowded into the responsible for, instead of mak- largest church in town and more than ing casual contact with them The pastor's place in mission- a hundred of them had to stand durfrom "the outside," is equally ary education is one which no ing the two hours of the performance. visable. other person in the church can fill. If he does not fill it, it There are several points· Third, the relationships estab- stands empty-a gap in the forlished opened an avenue for serv- worthy of note. First is the ice through the Mexican pastor, ward movement of the Church heading on the enrollment blanks for the needy among his people. toward the Kingdom of God. -"Jesus in the Life of Today- Instead of the usual, "we help Six Sunday Evenings 'To Learn the Mexicans" (or any other A School of Applied group) these young p e 0 pIe and to Worship.''' A rather joined with Mexican people of Christianity good statement of the mission of like interests and attainments in the church, isn't it? "Jesus in relieving human need known to Too often a school of missions the Life of Today!" And the rethe Mexican pastor. is an isolated effort, for which a lationship of the local church to complete plan of organization that – to learn about it and to There are many young peo- worship in terms of it. ple's groups where one or an- and promotion must be provided. other of these procedures could The inclusion of specific study in Another good point is the cirbe carried out to the great en- a series with other studies avoids richment of their experience and this and helps to put the study culation of enrollment blanks for development of their under- several previous Sundays. That standing of the world mission of of the world mission of the the Church. church into right relationship is, the continuation of the series with other emphases. in the study of studies is taken for granted, The Pastor Guiding Youth and a definite intention of tak- of the local church's program. ing part crystalized into enroll- Are you pastors allying your- Here is a report which shows ment, so that proper provision Are you pastors allying your- for books, etc., might be possible. self closely enough with the lead- the outcome of one such inclusion ership of youth activities in your of the mission study with other This church felt that the use state to be aware of areas where of study books prepared for the real progress can be made by en- studies in a series. listing the youth of your church various classes would have an in something big enough and We came now to the series of serv- advantage over the research type worth while enough to challenge ices which we felt would put our whole of study. That is often the case. their interest? program to its severest test. We in- stituted a series of six Sunday eve- But note the hour in which all This pastor knew the pastors nings which we called "A School of gathered for special things of inof other racial groups. Guidance Applied Christianity." Really it was terest to all. The variety is extoward the Mexican group was a school of missions. Several Sundays possible because he was sure of previously we had circulated enrol- cellent. adequate response there. An ment blanks, headed: "Jesus in the The closing pageant, while it enterprise which falls fiat, be- Life of Today"-Six Sunday evenings cause of difficulties beyond the "To Learn and to Worship." Then did not rise directly out of the power of the group to overcome, followed the dates and program and a study, was a culminating presenis not usually a wise activity to place for signature. We began at tation of the field of the study, undertake. Are you enlarging seven o'clock with five instruction and and was done on a scale worthy your own acquaintance with discussion groups, ranging from of being of value to more than leadership among the nationals junior high school to adult. Each just the groups who had been of our own country so as to have group studied and discussed one of the carrying on the six weeks of good judgment is guiding your current missionary books, either on group toward enriching experi- Japan or on Oriental life in the study. ences? United States. This period was fol- The worth of the closing pag- lowed by a worship service, which fea- This pastor knew the danger tured such things as a stereopticon eant to those who had studied of the development of a superior lecture on Japan, a group of foreign Japan was, of course, greater attitude rising from "doing for" students from a near-by college, an others. He adroitly avoided the address by a returned missionary, an than to the rest of the audience, pitfalls for his group. They did evening of Japanese poetry and song but it had a real message for all. not plan to send some other and movies on missionary work. We young people to conference but were overwhelmed when we discovered And note finally, the provision that the assembled groups filled the auditorium to overflowing. for publicity in the city papers. We deplore the devotion of our The seventh Sun day evening daily papers to murders and brought the climax in the presentation of the pageant-drama: "The Cross scandals. Yet we too often neg- Triumphant," which was written by lect our own responsibility for the missionaries of our own Reformed using the daily papers as a Church in Japan, and tells the story of Japanese family life and how it is channel for letting our city know blessed by the coming of Christianity. of the constructive things which We used authentic Japanese costumes, are being done by the church for provided especially for the pageant by the character – building and the Woman's Missionary Society of Christian education of our people.

A Story for the

By VIOLET WOOD, Missionary Education Movement THE WORLD BEGINS "Why not invite the whole writing while I was speaking?" asked Teacher. ALL OVER AGAIN junior and primary department "It's a prayer for our gardens. "The March wind blew me to bring flowers on Children's May I read it?" asked Mary. Day?" questioned David. right into Sunday school," "Yes, indeed," nod d e d laughed Grace. "When our story time is over Teacher.

"Teacher, where does winter we'll invite the children of the Mary read her prayer, "Fa- other classes," agreed Teacher. ther, we pray thee that every go?" asked John. "This morn- "I am sure the Children's Day little seed we plant will grow service will be the most beauti- into a beautiful flower which we ing there were snowdrops on our may give to the sick, to the poor, ful we have ever had. and to make the church beautiful lawn and mother told me that "Now the story today is about on Children's Day."

means that winter is going." an old man and a young boy. Making Use of This Story The old man had white hair and "I know a lovely Indian story lived in a dark cave. When he Children often feel that they are breathed, the rivers froze and left out of the grown-up world toabout winter and snowdrops," the soft earth grew hard as a wards which they look with great rock; the trees shed their leaves longing. The parent or teacher may smiled the Teacher. and grew stark and bare. When guide the child to a simple apprecia- he shook his white head the snow tion of his part in worship and praise "Let me hear it," said Peter. fell. He had only to wave his the child for his singing in the junior arms and the birds were silenced. choir, and for his part in the seasonal "I am to have a garden of my pageants and church socials. "'I am king over the whole own this spring and when my world. Noone can master me,' Ask the children to find out facts he would cry every night. No about young boys whose interest and flowers come up I shall bring one dared to rebuke him and he love of nature led them to become reigned supreme for man y great scientists. They may look up some snap dragons, sweet peas the following names in their libraries months. at home or at school: and poppies to Sunday school." "But one day, when he Michael Pupin, the shepherd's boy "I'm going to have a garden, breathed, the rivers did not from Serbia who made a great discovery about light and sound too!" cried Mildred. freeze. He puffed with all his waves. might and the trees trembled, "Daddy let me help him put but they did not moan. He Luther Burbank, an American, who shook his head fiercely, but in- became a great naturalist and some dahlias in the ground last stead of snow a gentle rain fell. cultivated new fruits and flowers. He looked around impatiently. fall. He said the snow would Hugh Bentley, a New Englander, "'Yes, King Winter, I have who took the first photographs cover them and keep them come once more,' laughed a of snow drops. merry young boy with twinkling warm," David exclaimed. eyes and golden hair. 'The A,sk the children to look through the world will begin all over again.' Psalms for phrases telling of the "We have a window box with He clapped his hands and green wonder of God's creation, such as Psalm 19: 1-4. hyacinths now. In summer we buds stirred in the trees. He smiled and the sun grew Enough have geraniums," said Julia who brighter. He whistled a long, It is enough; I come. lived in a crowded part of the low note and chirping birds an- Christ's human face, divinely lit, swered him. And God's love shining out from city where there was no room "The old man fled back into it for gardens. his cave; when the bright sun- Have conquered. light touched him he disappeared I come; it is enough. "I bet everybody is going to and where he had stood some Is it enough? I go! beautiful snowdrops. pee p e d His hand points toward the plant some kind of seeds, 'cause through the ground. farthest shore I am, too," nodded Joan. " 'Good-bye, King Winter,' the Where human han d sou t- boy laughed. 'Spring is king "I have a wonderful idea." stretched are begging for now.' " The Christ who conquered – 10, David was so enthusiastic that "I like that story, Teacher," It is enough; I go!

he shouted. "Big people bring said Mary. MARY A. HOLT. Baptist Missionary flowers at Easter time for "I didn't think you were listen- ing, Mary. What have you been Review. church. Why couldn't we bring [ 146] some of our ft.owers on Chil- dren's Day?"

"That's a good idea, David,"

agreed Mildred, "because that would make us care more than ever for our gardens."

"I'd like to bring my ft.owers for church," offered Joan. "I'd weed every morning just to be sure I got extra pretty daisies."

"God loves ft.owers and if we bring them, that would be a good offering, wouldn't it, Teacher?"

asked Julia.

"God gives us seeds and the earth and the sun and rain; he makes the ft.owers grow," Peter chanted. BULLETIN Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Annual Meeting of the Council CO,uncil, secured three new visor in the far West. Mrs. Shotof Women for Home Missions VOIces. Seventy-eight speaking well has a B.A. in Religious engagements were reported for Education and has received her The thirty-first Annual Meet- the year. Material concerning Master's degree in social work. ing of the Council of Women for Council projects was fed to the Her experience in service of mi- Home Missions was held in Bal- denominational press. A volume grants gives her exceptional timore, Maryland, January 7-10. descriptive of the ministry to the qualifications for her new work It was preceded by the meeting families of migratory laborers to which she has come from the of the Executive Committee and has been published entitled, Nevada State Department of by a two-day conference of great "They Starve That We May Public Welfare. Miss Helen importance in the national cap"- Eat." A leaflet "Together" has White, who has acquitted herself ital at which church leaders hav- been distributed outlining the by many summers of service in ing administrative responsibility Council activities. Migrant centers, has been apfor home mission work among pointed to supervisory service in Indians were informed by Mr. Advance p.rogram the Middle West. Miss Lowry John Collier, Commissioner of retains national supervision and Indian Affairs and his associates There is a growing interest in direct contact with the centers in in the Indian Bureau, of the vari- the work among the Migrant the East. ous phases of service which the families. In California, coop~ government is carrying on in be- erative enterprise has been World Day of Prayer half of the Indians. It is hoped initiated, participating organizathat the result of this conference tions being the Ministerial As- Every year a larger number will be reflected on the field in a sociation, church groups, and of places report the observance closer cooperation between mis- civic organizations. To meet the of the World Day of Prayer, sionary forces and government needs of the large camps of Mi- with corresponding increase in workers. grant workers in the west, espe- the use of the program materials cially in California where the and in offerings. In many in- The sessions of the annual groups present a year round ap- stances evening meetings are remeeting proceeded under the peal, a more effective strategy is quested in order that men also genial guidance of the Presi- planned. As rapidly as the may attend. Mrs. Daniel Poling dent, Mrs. Augustus Trow- necessary finances are supplied, reports a new departure in Philbridge. The financial reports it is proposed to provide four adelphia, where Jewish synawere encouraging, all depart- teams, each consisting of a gogues are to be open for prayer ments reporting a balance in the clergyman and his wife with a for the coming of the Kingdom treasury, whose total disburse- public health nurse, whose duty of God and where in an evening ments amounted to $56,63l. it shall be to visit the camps, re- mass meeting Catholics, Jews One-third of this, about $20,000, maining for several weeks or and Protestants will participate. was contributed by the constit- months at a time in order to esuent Boards. The World Day of tablish religious. services and to Christ and the World Commu- Prayer offerings. reached a new provide for health and hygienic nity-at Home high of $15,000 and the dividend safeguards as may be found fixed by agreement with the Mis- necessary. Of these, two shall The general theme chosen for sionary Education Movement, to operate in California, and one the mission study courses of which the entire responsibility each in the states of Oregon and 1939-40 is "Christ and the World for the publication of mission- Washington. The lamented death Community." On the home misary textbooks has this year been during the year of Miss Adela J. sion side it is "Christ and the transferred, realized $5,000. Ballard, whose tireless devotion World Community – at Home." encouraged thousands of migra- The maj or book of this course is The Editorial and Publicity tory people to new life and hope, being written by Dr. Arthur H. Committee has had an unusually left a great gap. She herself Limouze. On the foreign theme, active year. A Speaker's. Insti- pointed to her successor, Mrs. F. "Christ and the World Commutute, conceived as a means of E. Shotwell, who has consented nity Abroad," the author is Basil training women for making pub- to take up the work as super- Mathews. A sec 0 n d book, lic addresses on behalf of the "Women and the Way: Christ [147 ]

and the World's Womanhood," is Missions – met in Washington Election of Officers a symposium in which each of for a two-day conference. Out twelve women contribute a chap- of that conference emerged the The following officers were ter. The usual graded publica- National Committee of Church elected: tions are in process of produc- Women, representing the three tion. above-named organizations and MRS. AUGUSTUS TROWBRIDGE, Presi- for the better cooperation and dent *** coordination of the common in- terests and activities of the three MISS ELINOR K. PURVES, First Vice- Discussion of the liquor traffic organizations. Mrs. E. H. Silver- PJ'esident revealed that missionaries report thorn is Chairman of the Comgrowing problems arising from mittee which has headquarters MRS. KBNNETH D. MILLER, Second intoxication and that the situa- in Room 63, 297 Fourth Avenue, Vice-President tion in Alaska is especially baffling. New York, and four members MRS. J. W. DOWNS, Third Vice- from each of the three cooperat- President *** ing organizations serve with her. MISS DOROTHY A. STEVENS, Secre- The world is one today and "Already the Committee has tary its problems also, for even in made great strides. There are home mission assemblies the four subcommittees carrying on MRS. NORMAN V. PEALE, Treasplight of Spanish war sufferers the work formerly carried urer of Chinese refugees and Jewish jointly by the three organizaexiles makes its appeal and re- tions. The subcommittee"1 are: These are some of the highminds us of our inescapable ob- lights of the first two days of the ligation. "Committee on the World Day annual meeting. Several ses- of Prayer: Miss Margaret Ap- sions were held jointly with the A Decalogue of Peace Home Missions Council for con- plegarth, Chairman. This Com- sideration of such items as Home Upon recommendation of the mittee has pre par e d the Mission Sunday, Government Committee on International Re- and Resettlement Projects, Town lations, the Council voted to programs and other material for and Country, and World Day of limit its relations to peace or- the observance of the Day of Prayer. One of these was a ganizations henceforth to three: Prayer held annually around memorial service paying tribute National Committee on the the world on the first Friday in to Mrs. John S. Allen, Miss Cause and Cure of War, National Lent. The theme for February Adela J. Ballard, Dr. Lemuel Peace Conference and the De- 24,1939, is 'Let Us Put Our Love Call Barnes and Dr. Rivington partment of International Jus- Into Deeds-and Make It Real.' D. Lord, who entered into their tice and Goodwill of the Federal reward during the preceding Council of Churches. The Com- "Committee on May Lunch- year. A notable feature of the mittee also presented a "Church eons: Mrs. Henry Hill Pierce, days was a festive luncheon in Women's Decalogue of Peace," Chairman. This year for the which members of the Council an admirable statement of prin- first time there was a nationciples by Miss Elinor K. Purves, wide ob~ervance of the May Day were invited fa participate with chairman of the committee. It is available upon application to luncheons. In over four hundred the Woman's Interdenominathe editor. different communities women of tional Missionary Union of Bal- all denominations came together timore in the celebration of its National Committee of Church at luncheons for fellowship and Twenty-fifth Anniversary. Women inspiration following the theme of a suggested program, 'Unity The last two days were de- During the year, the coopera- voted to a conference on "Home tion which the Council of Women in Christian Service.' Missions and Social Trends." for Home Missions has been "Committee on International The following topics were precarrying on in an increasing de- sented: "Social Trends in Amergreesince 1927 has culminated Relations: Miss Elinor K. Pur- ica," "Trends toward PeaQantry," in the organization of the Na- "Home Missions and Cooperational Committee of Church ves, Chairman. This Committee tives," "Social Trends as Related Women, whose constitution and unites the church women in in- to Women and Children," "Relipurpose are best described in the telligent work for peace, pro- gious. Trends Among Underfollowing official statement: privileged People," "T r end s "Immediately following the An- motes attendance at the Cause among Lan g u age Groups," nual Meeting 1938, a committee and Cure of War Conference an- "Church Buildings and Equipof representatives from the three nually, and issues news letters ment." The proceedings of these cooperating women's organiza- from time to time covering in- two days may be secured from tions – the Foreign Missions terests in the field of public the Home Missions Councils at Con fer en c e (Committee on affairs. twenty-five cents each. They Women's Work), the National provide an unanswerable argu- Council of Church Women, and "Committee on 'Churr~ Wom- ment for the importance and the Council of Women for Home an': Mrs. J. N. McEachern, magnitude of the Home Mission Chairman. The Church Woman enterprise and the value of the is a magazine published monthly cooperative adventure exempli- fied in the Home Missions Coun- by the National Committee of cils. Church Women reflecting edi- torially the activities of the Story of the annual meeting was written women composing its member- by Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, a member of the ship." Administrative Committee.

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~ OufM:y~r~~;sp';!~:cu~t~:~ok .If EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~'=-==============================~~~ LATIN AMERICA crowds cannot all get inside on The following week, the mission- New Call to Evangelize special occasions. aries were given three months'

This group of believers does notice to vacate the building In view of the recent Pan- not wait for a missionary to lead where they held meetings; American Congress in Lima, them; they go, alone or two by whereupon believers launched a Peru, the purpose of which was two, while those who stay at program to build their own to strengthen the foundations of home look after the farms. Over church, and a site has been pur- democratic government, we note mountain trails these witnesses chased as the first step.

that the missionary opportuni- tramp to take the Gospel where ties in Brazil are of vital concern Ghrist is not known. Their ef- The Gospel by Radio to every Christian and to every forts have led to the establish- There have been occasional at- ment of another group of bap- tempts to radio a Gospel mes- American. Forces that are hold- tized believers; Christian schools ing large areas of the world in sage in Brazil, but only recently has this been done in a systemspiritual bondage, not content have been established, with na- atic way. In Rio de Janeiro with domination in their own tive teachers. Young men and lands, have turned "missionary women are being prepared for every Sunday night at ten o'clock every Brazilian who has and messianic." The phrase the Bible Institute and for more a radio can now hear the Chrisheard so often at Lima: "One effective service. The adminisfor all, all for one" can best be tration and spiritual oversight of brought about by spiritual unity the church is with the local com- tian message. In many places where there is no church there among the nations. We shall be mittee, and capable men they are radios, and it is an interestwell on the way to make the are. Their leader is a man of western hemisphere Christian God, loves the Word, and knows ing development that in some communities the principal famwhen we evangelize the "land of how to preach it. ilies have opened their houses on the Southern Cross." Sunday nights. for the conven- A Suffering Church ience of those who do not have There is no lack of churches radios, thus bringing about the in Latin America, and symbols The Peruvian Evangelical hearing of the Gospel by cultured of Christianity are much in evi- Church is hated by the pagan people, who would not ordinarily dence; rites and ceremonies are world and persecuted by Roman- be reached. In the capital it has practiced everywhere, but these ists. Not long ago a Catholic been noted that in many coff·ee have taken the place of true Congress was held in Cuzco, houses where men were lounging spiritual Christianity. In Brazil when opportunity was used to about, drinking and playing pool, the government of President bring everybody under control of all grew quiet when the hymns Vargas is liberal, leaving the the papacy. All the school chil- began, and men took off their doors open for evangelical work. dren were marched from their hats on hearing the Scriptures Wherever such work is being schools and compelled to attend read. -Watchman-Examiner. carried on, remarkable results the confessional. This was a have followed. terrific test for evangelical chil- The Mennonites in Argentina dren, as they were sure to be -Christian Observer. failed in their studies if they did Mennonite missionaries have not conform. The decorations, Indigenous Church in Colombia Far in the interior of the Cor- parades and enthusiasm of this been at work in the Argentine dilleras range is a mountainous the oldest city of South America Republic for twenty years, ocdistrict of Colombia called Cam- made it plain that after thirty- cupying stations on the Western pohermoso, a coffee-growing re- five years of evangelical witness Railway line of the Province of gion. Some years ago a land the city is far from being evan- Buenos Aires. During these years they have seen their efforts owner was touched by the Gos- gelized. pel, and through his testimony a A cardinal sent from Rome bear fruit, and they now occupy group of believers organized, for the occasion urged the Cath- 27 stations, all under the superelected a board of five men and olics over the radio to run every vision of two bishops, eight mismighty results have followed. evangelical out of the city. He sionaries and their wives, five The church building has twice told them they had the power, national workers and their been enlarged, but still the and it was up to them to do so. wives, a number of Bible women [149 ]

and Bible coach workers. They will have nothing to do with mili- "The exercise of religions in Alhave an orphanage, their own tary service. Something in the bania is free; but proselytising printing pre s s, kindergarten nature of "pure democracy" ac- propaganda is forbidden by law schools in most of the big towns, cording to the Greek plan is and such cannot be tolerated, beand a clinic. Their membership maintained, for important prob- cause it creates divisions and reaches about 520, but in com- lems are settled by discussion in disharmony among the religious mon with other missionary which the whole community elements." The choice of relibodies they are feeling the ef- takes part. gion, therefore, is not purely a fects of increased opposition. personal matter of religious con- -Christian Advocate. viction, the State intervenes on -South America. the ground that a change of re- Churches Still Grow ligion is detrimental to the in- EUROPE in Germany terests of the State.

Totalitarian Youth Movements Dr. Henry Smith Leiper pre- Baptists in Rumania dicts that worse things are still Addressing a men's meeting ahead not only.for the Jews but High ecclesiastic authorities in Leeds, England, the Arch- for the churches. Wholesale in Rumania have chosen the time bishop of York predicted that mass killings are possible in the when the world is watching, the hate motive behind youth near future. Confiscation of with strained attention, the movements in totalitarian coun- Catholic properties will be fol- working out of other minority tries would ultimately destroy lowed by similar action with re- problems to snuff out religious tho.se movements. Said he: gard to Protestant properties minorities in their country; and where there has been any opposi- the latest restrictions impo.sed "No fellowship, no community tion-vocal or otherwise-to the upon Baptists will probably close o.f interest of that sort can sur- Nazi program. In spite of all every Baptist meeting place vive for long, and soon all the this, aNew York Times corre- when (and if) the decree behatred, pugnacity, and ill will spo.ndent reports that 5470 of the comes effective on December 15. which you have used and di- population still belongs to the rected against the enemy will Protestant Church, and the per- The larger Protestant groups, show itself inside the fellowship centage is on the increase. More Lutheran and Reformed, have itself and break it up." suffered much in the expropria- than 95 % of all children born to tion of property and in interfer- Another "Brook Farm" ence with their schools, but they Protestant parents are still be- have had the advantage of a As long ago as 1936, a group recognized legal status, as the of earnest German Christians ing baptized; 90 % of those dy- Baptists have not. fled from Nazidom, went to England and established a colony ing are still buried with Chris.. -The Christian Century. which has become a model for tian ceremonies; and 8070 of Britons in the vicinity. There are those marrying – from among Bible Distribution in now forty families in fhe Cots- Protestants-avail themselves of Old Austria wold "Bruderhof." They own the church's blessing. Corre- 211 acres and rent 100 more. A sponding figures for the Catholic "God recompense you!" are hundred acres is under cultiva- churches are even higher. Also, words often heard by the mistion, eleven are in kitchen gar- according to the same source, sionary who travels among the dens, and the remainder is held Confessional churchmen who isolated hamlets, mountain vilfor use in growing fo.od for the prayed for peace during the Sep- lages and cottages of Austria. stock. German industry has tember crisis, and were punished Perhaps it is to avoid Nazi demade the project prosperous. In therefor are nevertheless pray- struction of his work that a colorganization the colony is some- ing for all who are being perse- porteur of the Scripture Gift what like America's Brook cuted and confessing the sins of Mission does not identify the Farm. All goods are held in the German people. little town where his visit is decommon. The women work in scribed as follows: the communal laundry, do the Juggling Words in Albania gardening and instruct the chil- The lonely folk living in these dren. The men till the soil Officially, and theoretically, isolated places of the world, at a (there is a provision that farm- Albania has religious freedom. height of between 4,000 and 6,000 feet ing shall be the means of earn- An individual is free to follow above sea level, were delighted as I ing a livelihood), and carryon the religion of his choice-it is talked with them of the things of God. the vario.us crafts that make the purely a personal matter. Four At every cottage I experienced a warm community self-sufficient. There men who believed this, became welcome, and as -soon as I arrived in is a community dining room Christians and were arrested, one of these mountain cottages, chilwhere all meals are eaten. Re- taken to the capitol under dren and parents gazed with admiraligion is prominent in the life of armed guard, confined to prison tion and were eager to get the Scripthe colony. The Pro.testant the- for ten days, followed by two tures. Some of the shepherds are ology is that accepted, but the months close police supervision. really eager to know the teaching of people refuse to. take oaths and An official communication sent the Scriptures, and I had opportunity to the missionaries who had of giving Gospels to some who were taught these converts runs thus: seeking their lost goats, and to others who were watching their cows on the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

hillside. Old women on the wayside chists and school teachers in dif. agitate for a re-housing project and farmers engaged in the fields, do- ferent parts of the country come to eliminate slums, and made a ing their last work before the snow from Nnewi, and this year, for start on private funds. Since starts, were all pleased to receive the first time, a native of the then 3,000 modern, brick homes God's Word. town was among those ordained. have been constructed. Almost all are cottages, because the All the houses I have visited in this -Life of Faith. South African prefers them to distant valley have not had the Gospel apartments. hitherto. I have left Gospels in al- Advance in Tanganyika most every house, and for the first In the fight against strongtime I have been able to sell some, for The colony of Tanganyika has drink, the present goals include: the people are very eager to obtain been brought into the limelight To stop wine rations to farm booklets in these high regions where since the crisis in Europe, last laborers; to prohibit sales to nareading matter is very rare. September. It was one of the tive Negroes; to restrict sale territories handed to Great Brit- hours; to control bottle sales to AFRICA ain by the League of Nations at non-native colored people; and the close of the World War, on permit local option. Since wom- Work of the A. I. M. the understanding that the wel- en have had suffrage for only fare of the inhabitants should be seven years, it is not yet known The Africa Inland Mission is uppermost. The Mandates Com- what effect their votes will have in direct touch each week with mission at Geneva last year made upon the liquor evil. at least 500,000 people, out of the comment on the excellent work 2,000,000 for whom it has under- done there by the British Gov- Christian Council of taken responsibility. During the ernment, in which the Church South Africa past year, 10,000 Africans in Missionary Society had no small this area have professed their share. There has been close co- This recently organized group faith in Christ. The number of operation between government is one of the latest links in the native teachers and evangelists and missions; the number of world chain of cooperative counhas increased from 2,000 to Christian schools has been in- cils, affiliated with the Interna- 2,400; and at least 100 Christian creased, there are child welfare tional Missionary Council. It weddings have taken place. This centers and two well established has just published the "Christian last fact has real significance in hospitals; and more and more Handbook of South Africa," in a land where polygamy is almost responsibility for the main- which, for the first time, an atuniversal. tenance of the Church is being tempt is made to classify the borne by the Africans them- many activities of the churches A Moslem advance and a for- selves. and missions in South Africa, ward movement of communism and the Protectorates. Some make the situation there an It is doubtful whether any 1,300 institutions and organizaurgent one. -Life of Faith. country presents such complexi- tions, and about 3,500 Christian ties in life as Tanganyika. There workers are listed in the Hand- Progress in lbo-land are no national distinctions, and book, which includes the work German, Dutch, French, Greek of the Roman Catholic Church. The recent dedication of a and Italian are, with British set- It is hoped that this information new church at Nnewi, native tlers and officials, found in will serve to give a true view of lbo-land town of about 6,000 in- closest contact with Indians, the activities of the Church, and habitants, furnishes a striking il- Arabs and Africans. To plunge of the unfinished task in South lustration of growth made by the them now into a political up- Africa. Copies may be ordered Church Missionary Society. The heaval would be most unfair to from the World Dominion Press, first effort to gain a footing there the native races, and a breach of price 4/6 postpaid. was made thirty-four years ago. faith as well. Considerable danger was en- Madagascar's Last Queen countered, but once the people -C. M. S. Outlook. agreed to accept a teacher steady The remains of Ranavalona advance has continued. There Problems in Capetown III, Madagascar's last queen, are now four large permanent exiled in 1897, were brought churches, built of cement blocks Slums, intemperance and back to her island domain last and well furnished, in different marijuana are three basic prob- October from Algiers, where she quarters of the town; the one lems that must be dealt with in died in 1921. In bringing back which was recently dedicated is South Africa as well as else- her body, the French governcapable of holding over 1,000 where, although juvenile delin- ment has made a gesture that people, as are all the other three. quency does not bulk so large as has touched the heart of Mala- There is a central school in the in the United States. Mrs. gasy people, in whose opinion to town with about 500 scholars Muriel Jones, of Capetown, be buried away from home is to and twenty teachers, all Afri- South Africa, President of the lie uneasy and neglected. cans, and three "feeder" schools National Council of Women, is of about 100 children in each. in the United States studying Most of the present generation these questions. Ten years ago never saw their queen. Eleven All ordinary parish activities she and three others began to are to be found, including weekly prayer meetings, women's guild, Scripture Union, and Boy Scouts. Large numbers of cate-

years before she came to the Balkan Entente, the four-power book. After reserving enough throne she was baptized in the pact toward the East, and a for necessary bills, she was able church at Ambohimanga. She sturdy policy of friendship with to buy a few books which she attended high school like any the European countries. The de- listed and numbered. She then other young girl, except that she velopment of industries also has offered to pay the postage on the had a slave to carry her books. contributed largely toward eco- little periodical "Messenger of Her Protestantism was sorely nomic stability. The title of Truth" if the workers would sub- tried when, at the time of the Atatiirk was conferred on him scribe, which they did. She French conquest, came the Ro- November 26, 1934. This corre- writes in Woman' s Missionary man Catholics, as in the case of sponds very nearly to "Father of Friend: his Country." Ethiopia years later. It was As time went by I was able now openly declared that to be a Prot- Solve This Problem estant was to be a traitor to and then by a slight margin in the Religious liberty means differ- work funds, or my tithe, or a personal France. ent things in diff·erent places. A gift, to increase the number until now The queen stood firm all prominent official in Damascus we have in the Telugu 171 books for through her exile in Algiers. adults ,and 251 for children; and 78 in the Kanarese language. . . .

Her body now lies beside Rana- recently made the following pro- We make charts; write the names valona I, the persecuting queen of our workers with the books they who, for a quarter of a century, nouncement on the subject: have read and those they have had kept all the missionaries out of "Yes, we believe in religious lib- read in their villages. Comparisons erty, but we Moslems are not ex- are made and all can see who are the her country and wa.ged cruel war ercising our full liberty. The readers. . . . against Christian subjects. To- In the last six months in my two day, Protestant and Catholic Moslem religion teaches that an church members form one-third apostate must be destroyed, and districts, thirty-six workers have read we are not practicing religious 295 books, thirty-four school children have read 49, and fifty-four village of the population of three and a liberty in that regard." An- people have read 114. At the present half millions. A recent proposal time there are 220 books out in the is to make Madagascar a na- other Moslem official in north district being read. Syria recently advanced the thetional home for persecuted Jews of Europe. ory that it was proper for a Jew Against Polygamy WESTERN ASIA to turn Christian, or for a Chris- A bill to make polygamy il- tian to turn Moslem, for in each legal in India has the support of Atatlirk-"Father of His case the change would be a step the All-India Women's Confer- Oountry" upward and forward. But since ence, and various provincial Christianity was an improve- women's groups as well. For It is worth while to note the many years, protests against difference between the Turkish ment on Judaism and Islam an polygamy have been issued by dictator and the former dicta- advance on Christianity, it could women's conferences, and advotors of Europe in that Kemal not be tolerated that a man cating social boycott for those would go backward to Christi- anity. There is no constitutionknew how to accomplish things al way in the Syrian state where- who persist in plural marriages. by legal methods, instead of re- by a person may legally change There seems little doubt but that sorting to force or personal de- his registration from Moslem to the educated women of India are cree. The world acknowledges Christian. of one mind in demanding this with wonder the long list of his A change from Islam to Chris- reform. achievements of the past fifteen tianity is legally possible in Leb- The men of India, however, years. He rescued his country anon, but is beset with difficul- are not very enthusiastic in their from reactionary Moslem forces ties. After the application is support of this reform. They are by separating religion and the made, a public hearing is held at inclined rather to be silent or to state; the caliphate, religious court. Representatives both of resort to jesting in their refercourts, dervish orders were all the faith he is renouncing and ences to it. An editorial appearabolished, and the secular power that which he is confessing are ing in a leading paper in Northconsolidated. The list of bene- permitted to be present and to ern India says: "When a man ficial reforms includes compul- use their influence. It is easy marries two or more wives, sory education, purification of to see why converts are so few. surely there is no need to punish the language, adoption of family -Foreign Affairs Bulletin. him by law." names, reform of the calendar, the alphabet and the metric sys- INDIA, BURMA, SIAM However, the question is not tern; the reorganization of the regarding the punishment that legal system, founding the Uni- Importance of Literature comes to the men in polygamous marriages, but to the women. versity at Angora and the mod- A missionary of Tandur saw ernization of the one at Stam- the need for reading material not -Indian Witness.

boul. Perhaps his greatest con- only for children and adult con- New Bible House tribution to his time was his verts but for village workers as steady cultivation of friendly re- well; and consulted a catalogue A new Bible House has been lations with all the neighbors. of of the Christian Literature So- erected in the heart of the busi- Turkey, the establishment of the ciety, then the state of her pocket ness district of Secunderabad,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and fills a long felt need in the two other buildings collapsed made more classrooms available. State of Hyderabad. It houses with the weight of the crowds in The aim is to build more such both the British and Foreign attendance, evidence of the in- homes, not only to offer home Bible Society stock and display terest aroused. training to all the students, but rooms, and the Christian Litera- No statistics can measure the to release the whole main buildture Society depot. The large value of this work. When the ing for classrooms and chapel. assemblage of people present at general evangelist for this field -Siam Outlook. the formal opening found the made a tour of 171 non-Chris- Bible attractively displayed in its tian villages, ninety of them various languages. The local asked for Christian teachers. OHINA Society has to date furnished "Give us some one to show us The Old Order Changes Bibles or portions in fifteen how to live," they said, and "we A writer in China's Millions different languages. In the ad- will follow Christ." While less shows how present forces are joining rooms the Christian Lit- than fifty adults have been won changing all of China. (1) Poerature Society displayed its fine to Christ by these young people litically: no longer do local war assortment of literature and from Bassein, many lives have lords desolate the country with pictures. been influenced and some vil- the sole purpose of gaining per- lages have one Christian family, sonal power. Petty quarrels are The annual meeting of the and others two families or more forgotten in united allegiance to Bible Society followed the dedi- to set an example for their Chiang Ka.i-Shek. (2) Geocation. It was announced that neighbors. In the village of graphically: whereas there were the Bible Society of Bristol, Eng- no motor roads in the interior a land, was largely responsible for Impala there are nearly sixty few years ago, there are now the funds which made possible who are about ready to give up roads in all directions, linking the. new Bible House. their heathen customs and follow the provinces and making travel the Christian way of life. -The Indian Witness. and shipment of goods less la- Training at Dara Academy, . borious. (3) Socially: the in- Ohristian Oolleges in India Siam flux from the coastal areas to the The extent of Christian educa': tion in India, under Protestant The training offered to girls in interior, the migration of univermissionary auspices, is indicated mission lands must prepare them sities and their faculty and stuby the fact that the missionary to meet real problems; to imagencies conduct 38 colleges, in- prove their home conditions and dents cannot but affect the social cluding five theological schools help neighbors do the same. life, and (4) there is also a spirin seyen provinces. These insti- But the environment at school is itual change. "They that were tutions have on their staffs 339 so different from what the girls scattered abroad went every- Indian Christian teachers and have been accustomed to, and the where preaching the Word," is 412 non-Christians, in addition dormitory so unlike the little being fulfilled in China, and not to 181 foreign teachers. The bamboo houses they live in that only winning new converts but strengthening weak Christians.

resident Indian students number not all their training can be ap- As to the Christian Colleges 4,685, of whom 1,599 are Chris- plied. Realizing this, Dam tians; there are also 13,741 non- Academy at Chiengmai started a Through all the hardships of resident students, of whom 824 project about four years ago in warfare, the 12 American-sup- a little bamboo house on the ported colleges in China continue are Christians. campus. It is simply furnished, to teach the principles of Chris- Young People's Evangelism in keeping with what the girls tianity and democracy. Only in Burma have in their own homes, and is two, however, are conducting all used as a practice home. Now their work on their own cam- A native evangelist of the two more frame houses have puses; Yenching and West China Burma Baptist Mission person- been added, each home being in Union University. Of the ten ally raised funds to send young charge of a Siamese teacher who which have had to move, six people from the Karen Theo- lives there. The girls do all the have been able to remain near logical Seminary and the Wom- housework and laundry. Nor is their original sites, and thus to an's Bible School to work among religious life neglected. Family continue serving the areas from needy villagers. Beginning in prayers are held in each house- which their students are nor- 1936, the number of volunteers hold every evening. mally drawn. The remaining has increased each year. The The teachers choose which four have moved far into "Free first task was to make friends girls are to live in the practice China," where the problems of with Buddhist Karens and ani- homes, and each group remains travel for their normal student mists. Daily Vacation Bible all year. The project is too new bodies and of finding satisfac- Schools were conducted, and last for one to judge results, but tory accommodations are both year there were fifteen such there can be little doubt of the very serious.

schools, with a total enrolment value of the plan. Aside from Efforts are being made in of 375. Two of the schools were any other advantages, the build- every instance to retain posses- held in Buddhist monasteries; ing of these practice homes has sion of property. Those not now

being used for educational pur- killed, but still they can yield no cause so many refugees from poses are, under supervision of money. other places are in Shanghai resident Americans being used nearly every parish and mission for the relief and protection of Japanese fired 110 shells, by actual was represented. Many of the war victims. count, costing hundreds of dollars, on women are homeless and, as a Chinese fort where there were refugees, are SUbsisting on a With 54 of the 114 Chinese neither Chinese soldiers nor guns. minimum of food and clothing; Government universities de- With the Chinese gone, little customs yet they met to plan, and carry stroyed or closed by the war, income, it is the Japanese people who forward the work of the Church. many of their students are turn- pay. On the other hand, in "free" ing to the American Colleges, all China the trade balance is in China's The annual offering, by some of which are cooperating closely favor. Competent observers say that miracle, amounted to over $1,500 with the Government and its her reserves far exceed those of Japan. Chinese currency. The women agencies. The most urgent prob- make yearly appropriations to a lem is that of financial support, -Christian Advocate. wide range of objects, including and emergency funds to the the Chinese missionary district amount of $330,000 are being 'War's Effect on the Churches of Shensi, the diocesan mission sought. board, endowed hospital beds, Mr. H. Witt, writing in "The the Chinese Churchman, dio- Destruction in China Bible for China," says that the cesan conference, and $25 to the .problem of local churches due to American Woman's Auxiliary It is difficult to picture the war conditions has two aspects; triennial. amount of destruction that has one, the breaking up of churches been going on in China during when flight becomes necessary, -The Living Church. the past eighteen months, since and the other the arrival of the Japanese began their cam- Christians from other parts of Envelopes with Christian paign. Bombs, arson and raids China who, however, do not come Message have destroyed hundreds of to stay but move on again after thousands of lives and have laid a comparatively short time, tak- It occurred to Archdeacon low thousands of buildings and ing part in the "trek" to the Donnithorne, of the C. M. S., equipment that have cost millions West which ultimately will give that the backs of business enveof dollars and years of labor. rest and safety to 300 millions of lopes might carry a Christian One missionary society alone refugees. This situation has its message. He now uses such en- (The Methodist Church, South) value in the opportunities af- velopes for all his business correports property looted, damaged forded to preach to outsiders. respondence in China. At the or destroyed in Shanghai, Nan- There are weeks of evangelistic upper right corner is a picture of siang, Taichang, Changsu, Sun- meetings when most of the audi- Chiang Kai-shek, and under it kiang, Changchow, Huchow and ence is made up of students and his testimony: Soochow. It is a repeated story officials, some with their fam- – buildings occupied without ilies, who are willing to come out I have now been a Christian for permission, looted, stripped of definitely for Christ. Soon they nearly ten years, and during that time wood-work, bombed or burned. are gone and another type of I have been a constant reader of the Nevertheless, the lives of the people take their place. Bible.' Never before was this sacred missionaries have been spared, Book so interesting to me as during the morale of Chinese Christians Another feature of the situa- my two weeks' captivity in Sian. . . . is unbroken and the work is go- tion is that pastors, evangelists The greatness and love of Christ burst ing on with marked success. and Bible women who have lost upon me with a new inspiration, in- their positions offer to work in creasing my strength to struggle Why Still Confident some new locality, a factor that against evil, to overcome temptation sometimes produces an unstable and to uphold righteousness. A missionary attests the truth element in the work. But the of General Chiang's statement: simple testimony of Christian At the upper left is a state- "Japan has lost the war. China refugees who will faithfully wit- ment about the "New Life Movehas not yet won it"; and gives ness to the Lord, wherever they ment"; at the bottom, an emthe following illustration to go, will undoubtedly make a deep phasis on being "born again"; prove it. impression upon their people and at the right of this are the and there, too, much seed will be words: "To support General I visited Amoy and saw on the Bund, sown on fertile ground-for it is Chiang you ought also to be a the formerly active waterfront, only far more fertile than ever before Christian !" three Chinese. Of course there were – which will sometime bear many Japanese soldiers on guard, and fruit. -C. M. S. Outlook. a tank running up and down the street. The Chinese had all left. Chinese Women's League Japanese Occupy Hainan Japan is left holding an empty city. There are no people to tax, no busi- The Chinese equivalent of the On February 10 the Japaness from which to secure income. Women's Auxiliary, in the dio- nese army landed military forces Folks with money and the middle cese of Shanghai, held a business on Hainan, the Chinese island off classes have moved on. Only the poor session recently for the first time the coast of French Indo-China. are left. They may lie tortured, finally in two years. Only the Shanghai This large island is of vital im- churches were able to send their portance to French Indo-China, full quota of delegates, but be- to the Chinese Government, to Great Britain and to the Japa-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

nese, on account of its strategic practically impossible for for- Life of Christ. Japan can't win. p 0 sit ion. The Presbyterian eign physicians in Manchukuo, Nobody can. If the war goes on, Church in the U. S. A. has four missionary or otherwise, to ac- it will end in the collapse of both main mission stations on this cept Japanese, Korean or Man- countries. Some way must be island – at Nodoa, Kiungchow, churian patients. found to bring it to an end be- Kachek, Hoihow – with 24 mis- fore exhaustion comes." sionaries. It is a large and im- A religious law, just promulportant work. Several times the gated, forces Buddhists, Confu- He was asked whether the island has been bombed by Jap- cianish:;, Christians and even time had come for Christian peo~ anese airplanes and mission Shintoists to obtain permission pIe to prepare the way for peace, property has, been damaged. It for their activities, and demands and replied: "Not yet. Just is not yet known whether the a written statement of their aims now it would serve no good purmissionaries will be permitted to and methods. pose, and might do harm. Let remain and continue their work the Christians on both sides pray during the military occupation United States and British mis- without ceasing. The day of of the island. sionaries, driven from Korea by peace will come when it is least a similar law and having fol- expected." "Born Again" in Hainan lowed large groups of Korean colonies into Manchukuo, believe Love in Scavenger Town About two years ago, the that their activities will soon be church buildings at Nodoa were impossible. Imagine a community of subject to constant depredation 25,000 people, living in wretched at the hands of a gang of ruffians -New York Times. shacks made of every conceivbetween 14 and 16 years old. able kind of refuse, crowded There were broken windows, JAPAN-CHOSEN along alleys reeking with sewage ruined trees, rubbish in the door smells, with children and mothways. Some of these boys had "Exceptional Christians" ers doing piecework in the hov-· been in the Sunday school, and els, with diseased bodies and one belonged to a Christian fam- A Christian week-day school crippled minds hovering in the ily. Last fall, three Christian of religion with 750 voluntary alleys, with undernourished tots young people started an evening attendants is news anywhere, weaving in and out among the Bible class in the home of one of and such a school is in operation shacks, with images of superstithem, and gathered in street in the conservative city of Tsu, tion at every turn of the path, children to teach them hymns Japan. Small children, dismissed and all of this laid down in a and Bible stories. The gang from public school earlier than swamp hole that might be flooded stood outside the door at first, the older ones, come first; the feet deep when the rains came. then went in and finally took older children come an hour or Here you have a picture of part. Then followed a week of so later. "Scavenger Town" in East evangelistic meeting~ in the Tokyo, where eight hundred church in which the theme was One of the government teach- families live, well watched by "Ye must be born again." Every ers remarked that most of the Tokyo police. The hovels were member of the gang responded, best pupils of the school were en- thrown together after the earthand now the group is always at rolled in the classes in religion, quake in 1923, for unfortunate church, keep up regular Bible and added: "I don't know paupers, many of them with study and go on evangelistic whether they go to the Christian criminal records. Recent events trips to villages. classes because they are excep- have tended to increase the pop- tional or whether they're excep- ulation. Physicians Hampered in tional because they go to those Manchukuo classes." But all is not dark there. Within the settlement is a Japan's hand is seen in the in- The school of religion has been cleared space, a playground and creasing restrictions e x per i- conducted for the past 13 years. several clean modern buildings. enced by foreigners in Manchu- Missionaries in Tsu believe that This is the Ai Kei Gakuen – "a kuo. When a Korean woman a large part of the good will to- Garden Radiating Love and patient of a British doctor died ward Christianity in their neigh- Blessing," the work of a missionafter an operation, two Japanese borhood is due to this project. ary of The Woman's Missionary lawyers induced the family to Society of the Methodist Episswear out a complaint, and the -Monday Morning. copal Church, Miss Mildred A. doctor was arrested on a charge Paine, graduate of Oberlin Colof manslaughter. After a fort- Kagawa Writing a Life lege. For more than eight years night's detention in a native jail of Christ she has given her life to the servthe doctor was released upon ice of the children of "Scavenger payment of a large sum to the The Japanese are a reading Town," and has drawn around family. people, and will read anything her a corps of well-trained J ap- Kagawa writes. He is now writ- anese young women, devoted to Such precedent, despite Brit- ing a "Life of Christ" in fiction the needs of the boys and girls. ain's strong protest, makes it form. Dnyanodaya reports him President Yoshimune Abe, of as saying: "We Japanese are miserable about the war. What Japan needs is redemption and remission of her sins, and I have just come to that chapter in my

Aoyama Gakuin, Tokyo, is presi- astrous for them. There are New Britain Dictionaries only about 7,000 Japanese in dent of the trustees and the work these islands, but a victory for Members of the Young Womhas the support of the Tokyo the forces of the "son of heaven" en's Missionary Movement in Methodist Social Service Federa- would mean trade pentration. Australia achieved a remarkable tion and Japanese and American Japan sells more goods there feat and made a great contribu- Christian leaders. than Holland, cutting prices with tion to Christian work in New the natives. In outlying districts, Britain when they typed out six -Christian Advocate. they are beginning to take up dictionaries for the better equip- the farms; in the mines they ment of missionaries. To type a The Challenge in Korea have $222,500,000 invested. book of 900 pages seems a monu- mental undertaking, but when it An outstanding Korean pas- There is a compact colony of is a dictionary and grammar in tor thus describes the change Japanese in Davao, and Japanese a foreign language it is a very that has come about in Korea exacting task. It was all done within the last three or four concessions in Surinam; the by voluntary workers, and when years: center of their pearl fishing fleet completed the books were bound is in the Aru Islands. If the J ap- with special tropical inSUlation. "The Korean Church has en- anese pursue their notion of desjoyed fifty years of religious tiny, and should oust the British Report from the Philippines freedom. It now seems to be from Singapore, Netherland Instarting on a fifty-year period of dies folk would expect their rubpersecution." It is demanded of all citizens of the Japanese em- ber, sugar, tea, coffee, petroleum Lucena Church is the largest pire that they show their patriot- and most progressive in the ism, not only by swearing alle- and tin all to go to Japan. province of Tayabas. Dr. C. N. giance to the same emperor and Magill, Presbyterian missionary by saluting the same flag, but Should the Chinese win, the who has been in the Philippines also by worshiping the same result would be equally unde- for thirty years, reports that adgods. Those citizens who refuse sirable to them, for the Chinese vance has been made during the to worship the mythological gods past year, in spite of difficulties. of Japan endanger their oppor- outnumber the Islanders seven to Loyalty, perseverance and dilitunities for education, their jobs one. The fear is that they would gence have characterized the with the government, their embark upon the same kind of little struggling churches in that rights as citizens, and even their province, none of which have lives. nationalistic fervor for raw ma- any wealthy members. When terials as the Japanese. Thus, Dr. Magill was asked what were "Daily, Christians are coming the Far Easterners follow the example of the West. -Christian Advocate.

to the missionaries for advice Bible Circles in Java the principle crops of Tayabas, and comfort. They have been he replied: "Coconuts and chilthreatened, b eat e n, deceived. Javanese young people have dren," adding that while coco- The ear of the missionary is the organized "Circles of Five," to nuts were worth only 25 % of the only safe place to tell their meet and read the Bible, under price received 10 years ago, chiltroubles. It is a time when fam- one of their number 'as leader in dren were worth much more ilies are divided because of the the higher classes of elementary than they were then, for they are Gospel. One can no longer trust schools and of secondary schools. building character. the non-Christian members of Each circle becomes a sort of Spirituality and benevolence his family. No longer can union of secrecy and fidelity of go hand in hand everywhere. In brother trust brother. Secrets uncommon strength, marked by Lucena Church, sacrificial givhave such a strange way of personal devotion. Attendance ing has made possible a full-time reaching the ear of the police- at the weekly meetings is· con- pastor and three women workman." sidered a sacred duty, not to be ers, with all bills paid and a sub- Missionaries are hampered, missed. Printed outlines of Bi- stantial balance on hand. Bebut not harmed; they are fol- ble study are sent in advance to sides regular services, about 400 lowed by spies, but their words each circle, to be discussed at the persons hear the Gospel at six are not muzzled, and they can meeting. Coordination is se- different Sunday schools. Weekly cured by monthly meetings of services are maintained in two still tell "the old, old story." leaders, mostly girls and boys villages. There are only five or- -Christian Observer. under twenty. dained Filipino pastors in the The number five was chosen province, so that much of the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC because in Java it is a sacred activity must be done by lay number, expressing completion. workers. Twenty-four trained Rulers and Ruled in the Five is the number of the fingers women have a large part in Dutch Indies and expresses unity. Five was building up the churches. Church An "undeclared peace" would the number of the prayer circle sessions are usually half women please the people of the Nether- in Antioch from which the Holy and half men. lands Indies, for they feel that Spirit selected and commissioned A large amount of literature, victory by either side in the Sino- Paul and Barnabas. both English and Tagalog, has Japanese struggle would be dis- -World Dominion Press. been distributed. One publish-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing house in the United States cedure which has the following sible effort to ensure accuracy of sent surplus material that has five points: these figures. The report shows been most useful. They include that the membership of the beginners' stories, quarterlies, 1. Every member of the Communist churches in the United States incharts and picture cards. The Party belongs to a neighborhood creased twice as fast as the pop- Scripture Gift Mission of Lon- branch, a factory or shop unit, or an ulation in 1937. Significant of don contributes tracts and blot- industrial unit. The whole pyramid the trend toward church unity is ters with a Bible verse. of the party rests on this broad base the fact that 97.3 per cent of the of thousands of 11- or 12-member total membership is in the fifty NORTH AMERICA units, or 20- or 25-member neighbor- larger bodies-all with member- hood branches. ship of 50,000 or over. The small Bible Verses in Street Cars bodies account for only 2.7 per 2. The Communist Party publishes cent of the total church popUla- "A Bible Text in Every Public more pamphlets than any other or- tion; furthermore, the former Car" is the objective of Chi- ganization in the United States. number of 212 denominations cago's Best Seller Publicity Com- has been reduced to 200 by mermittee. It was initiated by a 3. Since publishing means nothing gers, or disappearance. small group of Chicago Chris- without distribution, communists have tians, and is similar to a move- one of the largest book store chains in Havoc Wrought by ment begun in England 55 years the country; sell more pamphlets and Godlessness ago. For the past year, one out magazines than any of them, and alof every fourteen street cars of most as many books. Here is a further slant upon this great mid-west city has dis- our growing juvenile crime probplayed a Gospel message with 4. Every "unit" has a literature lem. From time to time the striking attractiveness. The De- agent, whose business it is to promote judges of our courts make some cember card was the work of a wide reading. pronouncement upon the under- Pulitzer prize winner artist, and lying causes of this menace to other prominent artists have 5. More than publishing and distri- our cherished institutions, and contributed their skill. bution is required; there is also edu- here is what Judge Hill, Man- cation, and communist "Workers' hattan's foremost juvenile crime Written response to the car Schools," to which every member must jurist, presiding justice of the cards has afforded much stim- repair twice a week. New York Juvenile Delinquency ulus to the work. No sooner had the displays appeared than a let- Church Unity Gains Court, says: "70 % of the 6,000 ter from a Chicago man revealed that he had "prayed for four- The thirtieth anniversary of delinquency cases which anteen months that someone would the Federal Council was marked nually come before his court are start a work of this kind." The by wider Christian unity, ex- the result of dissolute and Godsentiment of evangelical believ- pressed in four important ways: less home environment." He ers was set forth in another of said: "As a jurist who judges the communications: "It has re- Admission of the Syrian Antiochian thousands of crime-broken boys j oiced the hearts of many Chris- Orthodox Church of North America and girls each year I know that tians to find such verses while into membership – the first of the religious interests for young peoriding the cars." Greek Catholic group to become offi- ple are essential for their moral cially affiliated with the Council. welfare and future as worth- The Best Seller Publicity Com- while American citizens. Relimittee (Box 409, Chicago) in- Enthusiasm for the projected World gion is necessary to the happivites response. Council of Churches. ness of American youth, but it is not enough merely to send chil- Scripture texts in public ve- A plan by which local and state dren to church. Parents must hicles provide fulfilment of councils of churches, as the instru- attend church, for the child in- Christ's missionary coonmand. ments of cooperative unity in local evitably follows the examples set Chicago is the largest Polish city communities, may become affiliated by its father and mother." in the world and the third with the Federal Council. largest Jewish city. There are Sunday School for Offenders 4,000 Chinese and one of the Concrete projects for united action. largest groups of Negroes in any For five years, the Mayor of northern city. Here then is op- After the completion of the Guntersville, Alabama, has been portunity to reach people of all University Christian Mission sending minor offenders to Sunraces and all nations. this year, a new evangelistic day school instead of levying undertaking for 1940 – to be fines, or sending to jail. To save Look At the Communists! known as the National Christian embarrassment to the offenders, Mission-will be launched. An this plan was not made public, Shall we say that lukewarm invitation will be sent to Chris- and only recently has it become Christians could profit by con- tian forces of other lands to join known. Then it was revealed sidering the enthusiasm of com- in a world-wide movement of that not one of more than 100 so munists in this country? Prot- evangelistic advance in 1940. sentenced had reappeared before estant Episcopal headquarters the Mayor, charged with any supplies an outline of their pro- Church Membership Increases The Federal Council's weekly issue of Information Service for January 14 gives the total church membership for the United States as 64,156,895. Of these 52,379,579 are more than 13 years old. The total number of churches in this country is 248,410. There are 200 different religious bodies.

Dr. Herman C. Weber, editor of "The Year Book of American Churches," has made every pos-

crime. About half the culprits region for just our kind of gos- the Indians, in whose music is a became regular attendants at pel work. Only about 7 out of 68 certain plaintiveness. They are Sunday school after their sen- places this season have any local very poor, yet most of them tences expired. Most of them, Christian work at all, and one of bring two or three, some four or before being sentenced, had these is mostly for Indians. And five skins as their gift, and a never been inside of a Sunday the Mormons are sending out skin is valued at fifty cents. school. 2,000 emissaries to win converts." MISCELLANEOUS – Watchman-Examiner. Union Work for Indians The Church in the World Sunday School Extension The Government I n d ian of Today School at Flandreau, South Da- The Presbytery of Cumber- kota, is one of six such schools in Unquestionably, darkness is land Mountain, Tenn., is an ex- which religious activities are surrounding the C h r i s t ian ample of successful correlation carried on by the Home Missions Church in many lands today; not between pastors and Sunday CouncIl's Committee on Indian only the darkness of unevangeschool extension workers, a pro- Work. This Committee, which lized paganism, which still pergram that began more than fifty represents 23 churches of the sists in many areas, but the oryears ago in this territory. In United States, was organized to ganized barbarism sweeping addition to the several Presby- enlarge and coordinate Christian over large parts of the world terian churches that have been work among our Indian people. once classed as Christian. But organized as a result, many Bap- Interdenominational religious there are other facts, equally untist, Met hod i stand other work directors are maintained at questioned, to be set over against churches have been organized these six schools through offer- this. and built up. Especially in the ings on the World's Day of lumber and coal camps a high Prayer, appropriations from va- In India the number baptized value has been placed on this rious church boards and private has multiplied tenfold in the Sunday school extension effort. contributions. present century, and more than More than 2,000 children and doubled in the past twelve years. young people have been reached. A new feature of this work is a "bookmobile," which carries a Africa south of the Sahara has In many communities classes traveling library to Indian reser- also shown a prodigious growth. in Week Day Religion have been vations. In the Philippines the number of conducted in cooperation with Protestant communicants has school teachers. Besides this Eskimo Thank-offering risen from practically nothing much help through the years has in 1900 to over 190,000. In been given through the distribu- The Church of England has a Latin America the growth has tion of clothing to the needy and Mission at Aklavik, Alaska. An been phenomenal and the nummany children have been enabled important annual event is Rat ber of communicants appears to to remain in school in this way Sunday. "Whatever is that?" have multiplied more than sevwho otherwise would have had you say. Rat Sunday is a sort of enfold in the present century. to drop out. Portions of Scrip- harvest festival, when Indians ture, Bibles and other religious and Eskimos who make their liv- In Japan the number of comliterature are being .distributed ing by catching muskrats bring municants has increased nearly continually. some of the skins to the church fivefold in the same period, and as a thank-offering, when they has grown by about fifty per Religious Destitution in Utah come to Aklavik to sell their cent in the present decade. An summer's catch. At this service, advance of nearly seventyfold is A writer in Light on Mormon- after the singing of hymns and reported from Korea, and the ism has made a survey of four other devotional exercises, the number of communicants in counties in Utah. Putting the church wardens go around with China is said to have multiplied settlements as located all in one large plates on which are laid the about fivefold since 1900. direction (68 places) they would little bundles of skins. The Incover 160 by 20 miles, with pres- dian service is held first; follow- Of more importance than the ent population of about 30,000. ing this, the Eskimos hold theirs numerical increase is the evi- In all this area, only six or seven and their thank-offerings of dence of deep rooted Christian places of Christian worship were skins are brought in big white faith in the lives of new converts. found, not including two or three bags. To quote Dr. Kenneth S. Latour- Roman Catholic ones. The total ette: "In a day when Christianat all these Protestant meetings In church both Indians and ity is being tested as it has not was perhaps 100 out of 30,000. Eskimo are notably reverent. been for over a century, and Says this writer: The men sit on one side, women when chaos international and and children on the other, all in- within many lands is increasing, "During all of 1937 we found tent on their worship. A baby the younger members of the only 6 or 7 places with Christian may cry, a little child may run world-wide Christian fellowship work out of 46 visited in over across to her father, but the have been increasing in numeri- 600 miles of field worked. Noth- sense of devotion is not broken. cal strength, in leadership, and ing more is needed to show the Eskimos sing more heartily than in self-reliance." tremendous need of this whole -C. M. S. Outlook.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Heathen. A Study in Ethnology stating common things in an un- mon expression since men and and Religion. By Henry W. Frost, D.D. 106 pp. 35 cents. Funda- common way, and an almost un- women may endure but cannot mental Truth Publishers, Findlay, Ohio. canny ability to perceive the understand the reason or know The author is not ashamed to heart of truth and to present it the outcome. use a good old word to describe those who are without hope in so that thought is stimulated and Margaret H. Brown has been Christ and without a knowledge the heart satisfied. of God. He believes that the for fifteen years a missionary of Book of Genesis gives the true story of man's origin and that FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS. the United Church of Canada. the widesprea;d traditions of a deluge are evidence of its univer- Sufism: Its Saints and Shrines. In- She has been stationed in Honan sality. "The heathen" are without hope of eternal life, except in troduction to the Study of Sufism, and later in Shanghai and was Christ and His Gospel, which is an eye-witness of many tragefor all in lands of darkness. Our with Special Reference to India. By dies. Here she tells the story only criticism of this brief bib- John A. Subhan, B.A., B.D., Lec- vividly and sympathetically as lical study is the title; and to the seeming limitation when the turer, The Henry Martyn School of author says: "As long, then, as the Church fails to give the Islamic Studies, Lahore. 420 pp. the story of a farmer, Chang Good News to the people in far- Yungshan, who suffered insults, away climes and they have not Rs. 4/- or $1.50. Lucknow Pub- abuses, temptations and privaheard and received it, we must tion after he moved to Shangthink and speak of them as lishing House, Lucknow, India, 1938. hai. Then followed the terrifyheathen." We can find many ing experiences in the Japanese heathen nearer than in Africa or Islamic mysticism goes by the China. The non-Christian world name of Sufism (from the Ara- invasion. The bright spots were is not a geographical unit. bic word for wool, because the the kind acts of Christians early mystics wore a woolen whom he met and through whom S. M. ZWEMER. robe). From the second century he became a Christian. It is a of Mohammedanism this teach- moving tale, filled with fa.cts, "Filled with the Spirit." By Richard ing spread in all lands until to- and all with a true Chinese at- Ellsworth Day, D.D. $1.00. Zon- day no one can really understand mosphere. Read it-young and dervan Publishing House. Grand the religion of the common peo- old – and your sympathy with Rapids, Mich. 1938. ple unless he knows this phase also. the Chinese will increase. Dr. Day's earlier books, "The Shadow of the Broad Brim" and A Moslem convert, who once "Bush Aglow," are inspirational belonged to a dervish order, has biographies of Charles Haddon Spurgeon and Dwight L. Moody. given here a very careful study The Approaching Advent of Christ. This new volume-"Filled with of the origin, history and prac- By Rev. Alexander Reese. 8 vo. the Spirit"-is a book of devo- tices of Indian Moslem mysti- 328 pp. $2.40. Marshall Morgan tions for daily reading and & Scott, Ltd. London; Zondervan, meditation. cism. The book is carefully docu- Grand Rapids. mented and bears the mark of Dr. Day has a rare combina- scholarship. Our only criticism An unusual book is this. As tion of appreciation of evangeli- is that there are a number of the title suggests, it deals with cal truth and the ability to typographical errors. All who a branch of eschatology which express, in winsome and distinc- work and pray for the Moslems has become highly controversial tive language, the great and of India will be interested in the and concerning which strong gracious things which God has prejudices exist. The 328 closel'evealed. He has a real gift for book. It is a witness to growing .ly printed pages are devoted to interest in the evangelization of the seventy-seven million Indian a spirited, documented and very full discussion which even fair- Mohammedans. S. M. ZWEMER. ly well instructed Christians will Heaven Knows. By Marg,aret H. find it difficult to follow. Debate Brown. Illus. 167 pp. $1.00. in this sphere has been largely Friendship Press. New York. 1938. confined to the opposing "pre- No one who has not suffered in millenial" and "post-millenial" the devastation wrought by the schools of interpretation; this Japanese in China can imagine writer discounts both and identi- the horrors which the people fies himself with the view of a have endured and are still indur- small but estimable group of ex- ing. "Heaven Knows" is a com- positorssometimes referred to Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 159]

as "a-millenialists." The authQr prQminent in the Gospels. If the and the Church, are hardly less is a missiQnary labQring in SQuth QbviQUS meaning is to. be at- evident than that between the America, who. has given twenty tached to. the language Qf many Old and New Testaments. Mulyears to. the preparatiQn of this well-kno.wn passages, then the titudes Qfstudents have fQund it volume. The main argument is theQry set fQrth in this bQo.k, of clarifying and helpful to. trace directed against what is termed intervening signs and events, be- these successive stages in an un- "Darbyism," having reference to comes untenable. folding plan, and to. increasing J. N. Darby, an Qutstanding The mQre theQIQgically-mind- numbers the pro.cedure seems leader amQng the Plymouth ed reader will naturally give at- elementary and necessary. Nev- Brethren, whQse advQcacy Qf tentio.n to. the analysis o.f leading ertheless this is, in effect, the dis- pre-millenial views has had wide passages relating to. the "last pensatiQnalism which this authQr influence during the past half- things," and here the authQr's so. severely arraigns. He WQuld century. CIQsely connected with exegesis is Qften interesting and have dQne well to. include in his the pre-millenial dQctrine Qf suggestive. It is no. dQubt true extensive bibliQgraphy a notable Darby and his followers is the that prQPonents Qf each Qf the volume entitled "After the ThQuteaching referred to. as "dispen- views discussed have claimed too. sand Year·s" by George F. sationalism," which is also large an area of scriptural sup- Trench, which deals in a CQnstrQngly QPposed. In fact, the PQrt fQr their theQries. But be- vincing way with the histQric whQle eschatQIQgical system as- fQre setting aside on narrQW development Qf dispensational sQciated with these views meets critical grQunds a dQctrine so. teaching. such disapprQval as to. eVQke the thoroughly embedded in Chris- We question whether the pro- statement: "It is as pure myth tian tradition as the pre-millen- digiQUS effQrt represented in this as ever entered the brain of ial return of Christ, it is natural elabQrate treatise will accom- to inquire if any Qf the alterna- plish much tQward clarifying o.r man." An excess Qf zeal is also. dis- tive views accord as nearly with unifying opiniQn in matters Qf eschato.IQgy, Qr will cQntribute in played in the effort to. discredit Scripture teaching. methods of interpretatiQn which Learned expositQrs have PQint- substantial degree to. sQund bibfQr generatiQns have had wide ed out that the pre-millenial lical schQlarship.

acceptance amQng trusted ex- view serves to. Qrganize and give HUGH R. MONRO.

PQsitQrs; there is a disregard Qf co.herence to. the entire teaching Ra-Ha-La-Hi-Ho (My Brother in of Scripture, while it is of great Madagascar). By Andrew Burgess. evidence which WQuld definitely Illus. 8vo. 224 pp. $1.00. Augsnarrow the area Qf debate. In practical impQrtance as an indealing with certain pivQtal pas- spiring mQtive fQr Christian liv- burg Pub. House, Minneapolis, sages, for example, Mr. Reese ing. It is also recognized that Minn. 1938. seeks the most favorable trans- biblical predictiQn is nQt a mere The Norwegian Lutherans Qf latiQns for his purpQse. He fre- timetable or calendar by which North America QCCupy twelve quently turns to. MQffatt and the student may identify dates, missiQn statiQns in the extreme GQQdspeed (who. do. nQt co.m- but a mine in which the devQut sQutheastern district Qf the large mand the cQnfidence Qf evangeli- may delve for buried treasure. island Qf Madagascar. Other cals) and to. WeymQuth whQse There are profQund spiritual Lutherans have the sQuthern half translation, while generally ac- reaSQns why this shQuld be SQ. Qf the island as their field, while ceptable, is assQciated with a The authQr's rejectiQn of dis- the LQndQn MissiQnary SQciety, viewPQint in eschatolQgy to. pensatiQnalism raises entirely the Friends and French Evangel- which few evangelicals sub- different issue. Here questiQns icals wQrk in the northern half. scribe. On the Qther hand, ex- Qf eXPQsitQry methQd are in- This vQlume by Mr. Andrew PQsitQrs, such as Kelly, SCQfield, vQlved, rather than doctrine. Burgess, the field representative Gaebelein, Griffith-ThQmas, and With full appreciatiQn, hQwever, Qf the missiQn and who. married Sir RQbert Anderson, are lightly Qf the extravagances which have one Qf the Madagascar missio.npassed Qver Qn the grQund that been attached to. this line of aries, gives graphic scenes fro.m they are bQund to. the sQ-called teaching, may it nQt be true that the experience of missio.naries Darby system. But even the re- the principle is implicit in the frQm the early days until the jectiQn Qf these well-knQwn writ- structure of Scripture itself. present time. The incidents are ers is less significant than the Any co.nceptiQn of an expanding well to.ld and describe the days ignoring Qf evidence that pre- Revelation and the differing o.f slavery, missiQnary pioneermillenial teaching largely domi- principles which have marked ing, life amQng primitive savagnated the thought Qf Christians GQd's dealing with mankind es, cQntacts with witch dQctQrs, in the first and seco.nd centuries. through the ages suggests a dis- wQrk with bQYs and girls, super- This: verdict Qf leading historians pensatiQnal structure. Terms in stitio.ns and belief in evil spirits establishes the cQnclusion that this instance are unimpQrtant, and the rewarding results Qf acceptance Qf the pre-millenial but the fact that inspired his- missiQn service. The many drawview preceded Darby by at least tQry falls, into certain natural ings, phQtQgraphic illustratiQns eighteen hundred years. Anoth- epQchs Qr divisiQns is to.o self- and maps vividly PQrtray the naer neglected area Qf investigatiQn evident to be ignQred. Distinc- tive beliefs and custQms and the is the teaching cQncerning the tiQns between the patriarchal missiQnary life and wQrk in imminence Qf Christ's cQming, so. and the Kingdom Age, Qr Israel Madagascar.

Two Ways. A Play in Six Epi- and sometimes illuminating. The sion Hoispital at Wai, India

sodes. By A. L. E. Williams. 53 New Testament references refer cents each; $5.00 per dozen. Bom- pp. lB. Society for Promoting very little to archeological finds. bay Tract and Book Society. Bom- Christian Knowledge. L 0 Ii don. It is a good book for beginners bay, India. 1937. in the stUdy. Christianity and the Creative Quests. Drama is finding an increas- The Holy Bible. Illustrated from Gaius Glenn Atkins. 232 pp. $2.00. ingly large place in church work. color drawings by William Hole. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. Some of it is very effective in its 8vo. 1,252 pp. Eyre and Spottis- Christian message. This mis- woode, London. Evangelism for the World Today. sionary play is by an Anglican As Interpreted by Christian Leadvicar and calls for about thirty Family Bibles were formerly ers throughout the WorId. Edited performers including angels, the found in many Christian homes by John R. Mott. 296 pp. $2.50. apostles, priest, Peter the Her- in large print and used for fam- Harpers. New York. mit, monks, abbess, sisters and ily worship as well as for a leper, Moslems and others. The record of marriages, births and Fire in India. Canon Manuel's Work six episodes cover the time from deaths. This one, not so large in Irugalur. Ruth Henrich. 16 pp. Christ's ascension near Jeru- as the old style, has also pages 1d. S. P. G. F. P. London. salem to northern Indian and the for "photographs" and is illus- Jerusalem Conference in 1928. trated with twelve excellent col- Gems from Bishop Taylor Smith's The plot and treatment are in- ored pictures from the artist, Bible. Compiled by Percy O. Ruoff. teresting and impressive. The William Hole. There are no 142 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Pub. greatest difficulty in m os t cross-references or notes on this House. Grand Rapids. churches will be learning some edition which is the King James parts of the longer dialogues. All Version and is in large clear How Long? Why the Jews Are Peris truly Christian and mission- type. Here is a very satisfactory secuted and Studies in the Psalms ary in spirit. family Bible in handy size. of Israel. 118 pp. $1.00. Eerdman Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. Who Claims the World. By Cecil The Book of a Thousand Tongues. Northcott. 100 pp. lB. net. Liv- The Translation of the Bible, with Let Us Build. P. E. Burroughs. 154 iilgstone Press. London. 1938. over 1,100 samples from the text. pp. 60 cents. Broadman Press. Edited by Eric M. North. Illus. Nashville. .The Literary Superintendent Four indexes. 'Quarto. 386 pp. of ,the London Missionary So- American Bible Society. New York. Launch Out into the Deep. Andrew ciety presents here for young 1938. Gih. 120 pp. 40 cents. Zondervan people a very effective argument Publishing House. Grand Rapids. for world-wide evangelization- The miracle of the pentecostal the need, motives, the progress, "gift of tongues" is repeated to- Meditations on the Holy Spirit. the unfinished task and the dy- day by translators who have Toyohiko Kagawa. 170 pp. $1.50. namic on which the enterprise given us the Word of God so that Cokesbury Press. Nashville. depends for success. Some six practically all the people in the objections to missions are pre- world can read it in their own Poems and Verse of Betty Scott sented and three good. diagrams. tongues wherein they were born. Stam. 129 pp. Kelly & Walsh, Ltd., This book offers excellent ma- Here is evidence of the fact; and Shanghai. terial for pastors and others who it is most effectively presented, wish to promote missions among with facsimile reproductions of The Prayer Life. Andrew Muiray. the youth. parts of the Scriptures in over 153 pp. 35 cents. B. 1. C. Assn. eleven hundred languages and Chicago. Thrilling Voices of the Past. By T. dialects (in native characters). Christie Innes. ' Illus. 151 pp. There are also brief descriptive Mary Reed of Chandag. Lee S. Hui- 28. 6d. Pickering and Inglis. Glas- articles on forty-two of the lan- zenga. 36 pp. Zondervan Pub. gow. 1938. guages, notes on other versions, House. Grand Rapids. and portraits of natives of many Biblical archeology is receiv- races and nationalities. The in- The Second World Conference on ing much attention these days troductory section, on the trans- Faith and Order. Edinburgh, 1937. and the discoveries are evidence lations and translators, is very Edited 'by Leonard Hodgson. 386 of the trustworthiness of the illuminating. The whole volume pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. Biblical record. Mr. Innes, a is a work of art and is indismember of the Royal Asiatic So- putable evidence of the indis- The Story of Chung Mei. Charles R. ciety tells here, in a brief and pensable work of the American Shepherd. 265 pp. $2. Judson popular way, of the evidence Bible Society. Press. Philadelphia. archeology offers us to the flood, Abraham, Jericho, the Exodus New Books ~!,mns and the New Testament history. of tbt There is also a helpful, but brief, By Life and By Death. The Diary of <tbristian . bibliography. The author is a John C. Stam of China. E. Schuyler lLift believer in the Bible record and English. 62 pp. 25 cents, paper; rejects the evolutionary theory 50 cents, cloth. Zondervan Pub. ell BOOK of worship in song, comof religion. The evidence on O~d House. Grand Rapids. bining a hymnal for general. Testament sites and customs is church use, and a song book for evanfragmentary but is interesting Christ and the Dawn. Copy of a ~elistic purposes. ODly songs soWKl Painting by an Indian in the Mis- lD the raith and inspirational in char- acter included—emphasizing Evanp- ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life.

Many of the new—the best of the old.

504 Songs Responsive Readings Topical Index Gold Embossed Published in round notes and Roxite cloth < edition only at $65.00 per lOO–an especiall, low price. Single copy, 85e postpaid.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1939

1939

The Years Past and to Come Robert E. Speer God's Voice from China Mrs. Howard Taylor How Interest Men in Missions Various Authors Missionaries at Work in Africa West Africa Missionaries The Challenge of Venezuela William H. Rainey A Christian Approach to Moslems Frank C. Laubach Christian Bands in War-Torn China Andrew Gih 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember students to the United States and Personal

Canada for technical training. January 7-10, 1939 – Home Missions Council, Baltimore, Md. *** Miss Muriel Lester, founder of January 21-25 – Cause and Cure of The Rev. William James Drum- Kingsley Hall in London, is now a War Conference, Washington, D. C. mond, the oldest Presbyterian mis- full-time .Secretary of the Interna- sionary in China, died at Santa Bar- January 23-February 18–Iowa School bara, California, on November 26, tional . Fellowship of Reconciliation. for Missionaries. Iowa State College, from an illness that followed suffering She wIll travel in Europe, the Orient Ames, Iowa. from the Japanese invasion of China. and the United States in the effort to February 6-14-lnternational Council He was born in Ontario, Canada, establish a line of connection for in- of Religious Education, ChicagO, nI. seventy-four years ago and his Chi- nese service covered forty-seven years. ternational peace. She planned to go April 26 – Uniting Conference of He performed heroic service in the American Methodism, Kansas City, Boxer Rebellion and was one of the to India in December and thence to Mo. two American missionaries decorated by President Sun Yat-sen. Palestine. * • … FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- ARY ASSEMBLIES *** Dr. George A. Buttrick, pastor of The Rev. Edgar P. Hill, educator the Mad i son Ave. Presbyterian January 24-26–J'acksonville. and clergyman, died on November ~ 26 Church, New York, was elected Presi- January 25-27-Daytona Beach. at his home in Los Angeles. His dent of the Federal Council of January 28-February 1-Miami. Churches at its annual meeting in January 29-31-Ft. Lauderdale. was seventy-seven. Buffalo in December. Dr. John R. February 1-3-,-Palm Beaches. Born in Pontiac, Ill., he held many Mott was elected Vice-President, Dr. February 4-8–0rlando. Charles H. Sears, Recording Secre- February 5-7-De Land. positions in Chicago educational and tary, and Frank H. Mann was again February 8-10-Ft. Myers. February 9-10-Sarasota. religious institutions. From 1906 to e,lected Treasur•er. * … February 11-16-St. Petersburg. 1918 he was professor of Homiletics February 12-15-Clearwater. Dr. George William Brown, Gen- February 17-18–Southern College. at "McCormick" Theological Seminary eral Secretary of the American Bible February 19-21-Tampa. and for ten years was superintendent Society for the past ten years, has February 19-21-Winter Haven. February 22-23-Quincy. of the churches of the Board of . . resigned to accept a call to become February 23-24-Tallahassee. February 24-26-All College. Church Extension of Chicago Presby- pastor of the West Presbyterian tery. Mr. Hill was the first general sec- Church of Binghamton…, New York. retary of the Board of Education of Dr. John McGuire, Baptist mission- the Presbyterian Church, serving until ary to Burma, was ten years past the age .of ~etirement when he left the the Board was merged with the Board 8erVlce m 1934, after 42 years of .of Christian Education. evangelism at Mandalay, Rangoon and * .. • Maymyo. Dr. and Mrs. McGuire have ePsotratbolis~hiecdo,thweiirthhotmheeinr ecahrilSdarnenJuaannd Obituary Note. Rev. Myron C. Wilcox, Methodist grandchildren. Dr. McGuire cele- missionary in Foochow, China, died in brated his eightieth birthday on No- Dr. Edwin B. McDaniel, formerly San Antonio, Texas, October 17. He was one of the editors of the Chinese vember 11. … … … a member of the Siam Mission of the Christian Advocate, and book editor Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., died of Methodist publishing activities in Shanghai. Mter his retirement he in Los Angeles, Cal., on November 2, continued to translate English works after a seven months' illness. He was into Chinese. Rev. W. Reginald Wheeler,. D.D., born in 1873, and reti~ from active has accepted appointment under the service in 1937. Many years were * * … Board of Foreign Missions of the Pres~yterian Church in the U. S. A., spent at Petchaburi, in charge of a Rev. Frank Paton, M.A., B.D., son as DIrector of the Division of Special of John G. Paton, one of the greatest Gifts and Annuities in the Home Base hospital; later he went 500 miles names in missionary history, died at Department of the Board. Dr. south of Bangkok to take charge of Melbourne, Australia, September 28, Wheeler has lived or traveled on five as the result of an accident. Frank continents in the interests of mission a mission hospital in Sritamarat. He Paton was born in the New Hebrides ~orK !l-nd has seen missionary service was known as an expert in sanitation, where his father began work ove; In Chma. and also built a Leper Home, which e.ighty years ago. A recently pub- lIshed statement expresses his motive now includes 20 buildings that care in taking up work in Tanna: "I saw • • for 400 lepers. . my father and mother with no aid but God's, facing the pitiless cruelty • of heathenism and banishing it from Lady Anne MacClanahan Grenfell, the !sland I saw a n~w ~ociety spring up In less than a lIfetime, with the wife of Sir Wilfred T. Grenfell of idyllic happiness of New Testament Christianity, and I resolved, God willthe Grenfell Mission in Labrador, died ing, to give my life to such work." no YODH S.S.PAPERS ~ December 9 in Boston at the age of • … * fifty-three. Her husband, a son, Wil- BIBLE THUTH?

fred T. Grenfell, Jr., an instructor and 4CioDrm,m;WF athletic coach at St. Mark's School, ~ For YoungPoopIe Southboro, Mass.; Kinloch Pascoe Grenfell, an engineer, and a daughter, JIOOORBOYSA1l1l ems Rosamond Loveday Grenfell, survive. For Jucian. aad lnleJ1'ftediarnt She was born in Lake Forest, nI. on November 11, 1885, a daughter of Thomas Moody, D.D., an American Baptist missionary, died November the late Colonel Edmund B. MacClanahan, was graduated from Bryn Mawr 17, after forty-four years of evan- gelistic service in the Belgian fCoronhgo~ College in 1906. She met William He will be best remembered Grenfell while she was traveling in pioneering at Sona Bata. Ownitah10M0r0s0. Europe. They were married Novem- square mile field, alone ber 19, 1909, in Chicago, and there- Mo!>dy, he was in charge of the eduafter they shared the hardships and catIOnal, evangelistic and medical work when in 1921 a marvelous movement work of the Labrador. toward Christianity began. More than In recent years and especially since ~ thousand people were baptized dur- mg that memorable summer, and the 1934, when a chronic heart ailment movement has continued unabated since then, with hundreds of converts compelled Sir Wilfred to abandon his added to the churches each year. trips to the North, Lady Grenfell had assumed many of the administrative burdens. She founded the educational fund which provided the means for (Concluded on tlvird cover.) sending Labrador and Newfoundland

Chat VIEW gets better all the time. I

want to read it through." THE MISSIONARY The New Year brings with it a MRS. GLENN B. OGDEN. REVIEW OF THE WORLD sense of the tremendous and unending need of all men for the secret of peace Ka,sganj, India. VOL. LXII JAN., 1939 No.1 and the will to peace; for the spirit of unselfish love and the expression of *** Publication and Buslnua omce– that true love in fellQwship between Third and Reily Sta., Harrlaburc, Pa. men and God and in all human rela- "The October number of THE RE- tionships. There is good reason to de- Editorial and Executive omce– spair of any purely human solution to VIEW gives more for deeper study of 156 Fifth Avenue, New York CIt7. the problems that face us; but there situ8>tions and conditions in India to- Entered as aecond-cla.. matter at is no despai;r"'-Only hope, courage <and day in the missionary enterprise, than good cheer~':"'" in the hearts of those anything I have read. And I have Post Omce, Harrlaburc, P&., under who have faith in God. read most of our study course and Act of March 3, 1879. reading lists." His spirit, His program and His 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. working are most clearly· seen in the MRS. FRANK F. HUTCHINS, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. lives and work of His ambassadors at Indianapolis District Counselor Publlabed montlil)", except August. home and abroad. The story of hu- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. man need, and many places and meth- of the Methodist Young PeQ.. British agents – Marahall, Morgan ods in which and by which this need is ple's Foreign Missionary So- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, being met, will be recorded in THE ciety. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, REVIEW during the coming months. 10 ahllJlngs a year. It will be worth while and very cheer- *** ing, in these days of strife and uncer- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- tainty, to read .in THE REVIEW the "The REVIEW arrived today (Nov. LISHING CO., INC. story of what is going on"'-Often in BOARD OF DIRECTORS obscure corners, at home and abroad, 15th), the issue in which appears the to carry out the program of Christ. ROBBRT E. SPBBR, Pre_'4em article on the 'Practical Value of Mis- *** sions to Pastors.' What a revolution A. L. WAlUfBHUI., V40B-Pr..ufllt WALTER MCDOUGALL, TrBlHvrer Many readers find great help in it would cause in the churches if there DBLAVAN L. PIBRSON, 8Boretaf1l THE REVIEW. Will you bring it to the were a similarly conducted course in attention of others? Here are some PAUL J. BRA.ISTBD recent comments : every theological seminary, and if SAMUEL McCmu. CAVBRT "We feel that THE MISSIONARY RE- such a course were required for every D. J. FANT student!" GEORGE SCHWAB, Presbyterian Mission, Sakbayeme- MRa. ORRUl R. JUDD Edea, Cameroun, West Africa.

WM. B. LIPPlLUID "For over * y*ear*s we have taken ERIC M. NORTH forty SAMUBL M. ZWlIMJIB and have enjoyed the MISSIONARY RE- The Church may be doing too much VIEW and we continue to profit by its for young people and too little with them.-Professor Georgia Harkne88. high spiritual level. Often we share our copy with others."

FRANK G. MASON. Montclair, N. J.

Jesus Set the Example of Early Morning Devotions (Read Mark 1: 35) "Begin the day with God" is the oft-repeated exhortation. Mark tells us that Jesus went apart, early in the morning, to pray and to commune with the Heavenly Father. If our Lord and Master felt the need of a spiritual undergirding for the day, how can we expect to fulfill our daily responsibilities without fol- lowing his example.

Four years ago THE UPPER ROOM, con- taining a devotional for each day of the quarter, by outstanding religious writers, was established as an encouragement and an aid to daily devotions for groups and individuals.

The January, February, March issue of THE UPPER ROOM is full of the finest of devotional material leading up to the Lenten and Easter season. Place your order early or, if you have a standing order, make sure that the quantity is sufficient for youI' needs.

Ten or more copies at 5 cents, postpaid; single copy by mail 10 cents. Yearly subscription 30 cents, postpaid, foreign, 40 cents. Send all orders to THE UPPER ROOM Doctors' Building, Nashville, Tenn.

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Al"RICA SEEKS INFORMATION FROM THE WEST Photo f.rom Janet

AN AFRICAN SEEKS INFORMATION FROM THE "MEDICINE MAN"

AN AFRICAN MOTHER AND HER CHILD INDUSTRIAL TRAINING A'r THE MISSION FORGE WHERE WEST AFRICANS RECEIVE THEIR TRAINING (See articles, pages 20 to 28) Photos from the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 1 JANUARY, 1939 Topics of the Times HOPE FOR THE NEW YEAR Jesus had been crucified and the disciples were There are many discouraged people today in surrounded by religious and political enemies; the world-many to whom the outlook seems dark in the Reformation of the Middle Ages, when -in Korea with its Shinto shrine problems; in those who contended for spiritual ideals seemed China with the continued wanton destruction of few and weak-all through history times of diffilife and property; in India with its fight against culty, indifference and opposition to God's propoverty and its struggle for independence; in gram have not been days for discouragement but Europe because of the growth of godless Com- have presented a challenge to faith and courage; munism and Fascism; in America with its racial they have called for an upward look and a for- and political, its economic and religious or anti- ward march. religious conflicts. A recent statement by Dr. H. Today, as of old, those forces that are for us C. Link (author of "The Return to Religion"), are greater than those that are against us; one issued as a result of surveys, reports that of nearly with God are still a majority. As we look for- ward into the New Year we see many causes for 10,000 representative American citizens ques- encouragement – in the fact that men are not satisfied with the fruits of selfish materialism; tioned, less than 25 % believe that religion is gain- there is still a constant warfare against vice and ing ground in the United States and over 45% say that moral standards are declining. Among the possible causes for this decline, as viewed by dishonesty and oppression; there are multitudes the National Committee on Religion and Welfare in Germany, like Pastor Niemoller, and in Russia, Recovery, are mentioned the 30% decrease in the' who refuse to deny God or to be intimidated in support of religious and welfare work (in four their acknowledgment of His supreme authority; .

years) compared with a nearly 4000% increase great numbers of Christians in Korea go to prison in the earnings of 105 industrial corporations; rather than worship at Shinto shrines; the Chialso there has been in the same period a 300 % nese, in the midst of cruel warfare, are seeking increase in amount spent for beer and whiskey. God as never before; India reports thousands of While gifts to colleges, community chests and gen- new converts coming to Christ every day; Moseral benevolences have decreased, the amount lems also are seeking the way of the Cross rather spent on jewelry, armaments, theatres, cigarettes than that of the Crescent; from Africa and the and automobiles have increased by 25% to 203% Islands of the Sea also multitudes are turning to in the same period. The average .of voluntary God. In America and England, what a multitude gifts to benevolences, charitable and educational of forces for righteousness are working, quietly and unostentatiously – in city missions and work is only about 2% of American taxable in- churches, in street meetings and Bible classes, in jails and hospitals. Recently in Newark, New comes, according to the statistics furnished by the Golden Rule Foundation.'

But in spite of many causes for disquiet and Jersey, eight hundred Christians gathered whose deep concern, there is no reason for discourage- great interest is in evangelizing the unreached ment. In the days of the children of Israel in multitudes in the city. All over the United States Egypt; in the time of Joshua, after the death of and Great Britain there are Christian gatherings Moses, as the Hebrews faced the Canaanite foes; where thousands meet for earnest Bible study and in the time of Elijah and the prophets of Baal for the quickening of spiritual life. Not only is and of Elisha when the Syrian armies threatened the University Christian Mission in North Amer- Israel; in that day of the early Church, when ica now seeking to bring Christ to students and [3]

students to Christ, but there are countless other as the only Saviour, that man is potentially en- agencies working to the same end, but without listed in Christ's world-wide campaign of conquest publicity. through the proclamation of the Good News and Much of modern mission work has been criti- by Christlike service. cized as being too institutional and secular and The consciousness of my personal debt to God unfruitful in spiritual results, but the recent because of what Christ has done for me will lead Madras International Missionary Conference, and me, as it led the Apostle Paul, to be eager to make missions as a whole, have come to see that, while known to others the remedy for sin and failure world peace, social reform and economic better- and the new Life that Christ offers to all. Withment are greatly needed, the most important and out this commitment, and a sense of personal hopeful work is Christian evangelism leading to debt, it is useless to expect to interest men in the personal acceptance of Christ as Lord and missions. Saviour, if any permanently transforming work Second: Men must be informed as to facts if is to be done. Student movements, churches, they are to be interested. But how many are woemissions, and social and political agencies have fully ignorant of the vital need of other men, tried other methods and have found them waijt- women and children for Christ and His Gospel? ing. The hope of tomorrow, as in the past, is in Every man with human sympathy will be interlooking to God for guidance and power, in exalt- ested in helping to remedy· situations. caused by ing the crucified and risen Christ and His Way famine or plague or crime; but he must know the of Life as the one remedy for sin and death and facts. So men must be informed and convinced as to the deadly spiritual diseases that are destroythe one God-given source of life and peace. ing men everywhere, if they are to be enlisted tp help make known the One effective remedy. No, we are not discouraged in these days when many men's hearts fail them for fear. It is still Men must also be informed as to the transform- God's world and His purposes and forces are cer- ing results of missionary work, where Christ is tain to be victorious. On which side are we going made known and truly followed. We may not to line up during this coming year-with our time, agree with some missionary methods; we may not influence, talents, material possessions and per- be willing to cooperate with certain organizations; sonal testimony? "If God be for us, who can be we may not approve of all missionary workers. against us? He that spared not his own Son but We do not approve of all doctors, lawyers. and delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with business men, but nevertheless we acknowledge him also freely give us all things?" the great value of these lines of service and we MEN AND MISSIONS are ready to promote the best in medicine, law and commerce.

How to interest men in missions and how to The story of missionary progress is thrilling keep them interested is a problem that is always ·and convincing to any honest student. What has . with us. But why pick on the men? Evidently already been accomplished, in spite of human they are "harder nuts to crack" than the women, failures, is an evidence of the power of God work- in this respect at least. Is it because men in gen- ing in the world. Multitudes of statesmen, trav- eral are more materialistic, more selfish, more ab- . elers, professional and business men and women sorbed in "money-making," and less informed on testify to the wonderful results achieved in all missions than the women? Experience proves lands, through the work of Christian missionaries.

that at least three things are necessary if a man Much, too much, remains to be done; but those or a woman is to be truly interested in spreading whose confidence is in God will not doubt the vic- the message of Christ and in promoting the rule torious outcome. Men must be informed.

of God among people of all classes, races and Third: To be truly interested in world-wide conditions. Christian work, men must make a real investment First, a man must be a believer in Christ and in the cause. They become vitally interested in in sympathy with His program. How can we ex- stocks and bonds, in automobiles, and in other pect to enlist men in the service of Christ if they lines of business, in proportion as they invest have never truly yielded to His claim on their money, time and thought in those things. If a lives. Attempts have often been made to capture man makes an intelligent, sacrificial investment in the "man on the street" for missions, but every some missionary or mission enterprise, that man's attempt has failed, unless the man has first been interest is assured. His investment may consist captured for Christ. Naturally no one is inter- of money, effort, prayer, a child, or all of these, ested in promoting any campaign – political, so- but it must be sacrificial. Continued contact with cial or economic-if he does not believe in the Christ and His work will keep the fires burning cause. But if a man is wholeheartedly committed so as to warm a man's own heart and will make to Christ as His divine Lord and believes in Him him wish to spread the light and warmth to others.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

If these three essentials are met-commitment faith and education." Various groups interested to Christ, information as to the work, and a sacri- in the spiritual welfare of students and their ficial investment in the cause – there will be no teachers are uniting in this appeal for the surdifficulty in enlisting and maintaining a man's in- render of life to the Will of God and to the service terest. It has been done. Great men of all ages of Christ. Dr. Jones reports that the evidences of have been deeply concerned in missionary promo- the hunger of students for spiritual help, and for tion. The s~me is true today. Men of Christian definite life objectives are very remarkable. These faith ~ men of world vision; men of sacrificial young people are eager to make their lives count spirit; and men who have sympathy with God and in service. The most difficult but most important mankind, will be interested in promoting Christ's thing will be the follow-up work to conserve rework throughout the world. sults. The National Preaching Mission scarcely touched students and the need for reaching them EVANGELIZING COLLEGE STUDENTS is pressing if the Church is to grow. The days when the Student Volunteer leaders stirred the While some writers warn us of the growth of colleges and when the Student Christian Associaatheism, irreligion and immorality in American tions led many to Christ and enrolled them in high schools and colleges, the University Chris- Bible classes, has passed. Spiritual life in schools tian Mission is now seeking to bring Christ to the and colleges has suffered and a true revival is 150,000 students in colleges and universities. needed.

There is no doubt about the low moral stand- In each center the leaders, with the cooperation ards, and the religious ignorance, indifference or of local student and faculty members, are adapt- ing their program to the special needs of students. hostility of many students. Materialistic, athe- Instead of mass meetings, the informal conferistic and anti-Christian forces are active. "Anti- ences in dormitories, club rooms, fraternity and God" or "militant godless" societies are reported sorority houses and other student centers provide in some institutions. Usually their activities are the chief points of contact with inquirers. There secret and subversive but at times they are openly are also daily sessions with faculty members, lecanti-religious. All this is too true; but the youth tures in classrooms and opportunity for personal are more sinned against than sinning. Many of interviews. Breakfast meetings are held at seven them come from practically godless homes; they o'clock and often student interviews keep the vis- iting workers up until past midnight. are catapulted into a society full of pitfalls and traps; in high school and college they too often The lntercollegian and Far Horizons says: meet teachers who undermine and destroy faith The present is a logical and fortunate time to bring into in God and advocate certain forms of immorality. the center of campus life a straight, plainly spoken ex- position of the claims of Jesus Christ. No subtlety of The results are seen today in business and social oratory nor of intellectual defensiveness is necessary in life. talking with students today about religion. In fact the gun-shyness today is of the man with subtleties, not of the To counteract these destructive forces in a con- man with religion. If he has discovered something real, structive way, the University Christian Mission, students want it or at least respect it. under the auspices of the Federal Council of Churches and other organizations is conducting a We are glad to see that the Mission is on this forthcampaign in over twenty leading American col- right basis. It is directly and openly evangelistic; viz., it believes so strongly in the Christian Gospel for our day leges and universities. They report some remark- that it wants to share it as clearly and persuasively as it can, so students may have a chance to mak~ up their able experiences. eTr shiet ymoefetOinrgesgl obne,gaann on October own minds about it. But make no mistake, this mission 2nd, in the Univ d continue has a perfectly clear objective, and that objective is Chris- tian evangelism. We think we know students well enough until March 17th when they are to close at the to be sure that this statement, which a few years ago University of California at Berkeley. The work would have been impolitic, will only whet their interest in meeting these men and women who come to the campus is being conducted in these leading colleges and with something to say! universities and the Director of the Mission is Rev. Jesse M. Bader. The forty-four speakers include Will the Christian agencies, which so far have united E. Stanley Jones and Sam Higginbottom of India, in such harmonious unity, be able to forget their units T. Z. Koo of China, Margaret G. Bonfield of Lon- in a real. crusade to meet students and their problems don, Bernard C. Clausen of Pittsburgh, George A. where they aTe? That is vastly more important than for Buttrick of New York, Arthur Lee Kinsolving of students to know where the agencies are. And will stu- Boston, and Henry H. Sweets of Louisville. dents themselves really take some evangelistic responsi- bility themselves? Revivals of religion or education or A team of fifteen spends six days on each football don't get imported. They spring up from the campus where they hold popular evangelistic meet- grass roots of the concern of individual students. They grow. If there is to be a student religious revival, stuings, group conferences and personal interviews. dents themselves will have to get off their academic dead- The aim is to win college youth to Christ and His centers and start it. Way of Life. One purpose of this present effort is to "close the wide gap between the Christian

It is as yet too early to appraise the results of in Hungary, 984,000 in Rumania and 3,000,000 this mission but if one man or woman is awakened in Poland.

-like Wesley or Spurgeon or Catherine Booth; Today Palestine, the land that God gave Israel if even a few colleges or universities are brought for an everlasting possession, is a bone of conten- into vital relationship to Christ and are set on tion. The Arabs claim it by conquest, the Jews fire for God, the time and money will be well ex- by covenant. The efforts of Great Britain to solve pended and abundantly worth while. Naturally, the problem by a division of territory between with such a variety of speakers, there will be a Jews and Arabs, has proved a fiasco and even an great difference in the amount of living truth pre- impartial and righteous government under the sented, in the incentives and appeals; but if Good Mandate to Great Britain -is unacceptable. The Seed is sown and the field and workers prayer- Arab revolt has recently spread to all classes.

fully prepared, so that students are truly aroused The people of Palestine are impoverished; busi- by the Spirit of God and are led to a vital relation ness is at a standstill; tens of thousands are un- to God through Christ, and if effective follow-up employed and the country is being plunged deeper work is carried forward by intelligent and conse- and deeper into debt. To political, economic and crated personal workers on each campus, God social questions the religious element has been will give the increase. added and is pitting the Jew (and the Christian) against the Moslem in fierce antagonism. Even THE JEWS-A "PECULIAR PEOPLE" Christian Arabs are attacked by their Moslem compatriots. The religious element has added to Everyone will admit that the Jews are a "pecul- the bitterness of the strife. The whole Moslem iar people." They are credited with being pecul- population seems to be behind the revolt and there iar in their appearance, their language, their is a new effort to declare a universal "holy war"

traits of character and their habits; "peculiar" against both Jews and Christians. Repressive in their history and religion, and in their sad ex- measures by the British add to the bitterness of periences among other races. They are "peculiar" the fight. The Pan-Arab Islamic aspect of the in the fact that, though they are without a na- revolt has been strengthened so that even the place tional government or country of their own, and of the Jews in Palestine is becoming secondary although over sixteen million of them are scat- to Arab opposition to Great Britain in the Near tered over the earth, they still are a "separated" East. Palestine seems to have become merely a people, looking back on a remarkable past, hoping testing ground for Arab strength. Unrest is in- for a return to their national home and temple, creasing in Iraq, Syria, Transjordania, Arabia and look forward to a great future. and Egypt, but Turkey and Iran are governed by Six times they are called a "peculiar people" in dictators who still rule with a strong hand. The the Bible, four times in the Old Testament and British cannot afford to yield to Arab demands, twice in the New. But the word as applied to much as they desire peace.

them does not refer to their racial characteristics In the meantime Great Britain, America and or to their history; it refers to them as a "pecul- other nations friendly to the Jews, are seeking a iar" possession, acquired, purchased, preserved solution for some phases of the Jewish problem and treasured by God, who promised Abraham a by providing havens of refuge for them in Africa, land which his descendents should possess; who North and South America, Australia or elsewhere released Israel from Egypt and brought them into that is not already overcrowded. The end is not the Promised Land; who established His temple in sight but there is reason to believe that, as in in Jerusalem, gave the people His laws, disciplined the days of Israel in Egypt under oppression by them but preserved them through many centuries, the Pharaohs, God has not forgotten or cast off through them sent the Messiah to bless all nations, His "peculiar people." Jews have their serious and has promised to restore all things and estab- faults but nations that have fought against them lish the reign of righteousness, truth and love. and have persecuted them have always suffered in But today the Jews are "peculiar" in the world- the end. They have lapsed into extinction or ob- wide ostracism and in their sore trials. In the scurity-Egypt, Midian, Moab, Syria, Babylon, past they suffered many things in Russia, Poland Assyria, Greece, Rome-while the Jews have re- and other countries of Europe; today 750,000 are mained, denationalized and homeless wanderers, being persecuted, robbed and banished from Ger- perhaps, but still a remarkable race and a "pecul- many and Austria. Even Christian Jews and iar people." Men and governments cannot suc- those with a fraction of Jewish blood are deprived cessfully fight against God. His promises and of citizenship and of fair opportunities for edu- plans will yet be fulfilled. When will the time cation, as well as in business and in professional come that Israel will see and acknowledge their life. Italy is following in the same path; it Is yet Messiah, experience a new emancipation and enter to be seen what will happen to the 441,000 Jews into their inheritance?

Years Past and to Come*

By ROBERT E. SPEER, Lakeville, Connecticut Author of "The Finality of Jesus Christ," "George Bowen of Bombay," etc.

O UR country is so young that it is only now asked him why he chose rowing for his sport, a that we are coming to realize that it has had tame and effeminate affair, instead of some a past. Heretofore the past and present verile game like football with its body to body have been so close together as to appear as one. personal encounter. He answered that he pre- Now, at last however, our centennials are begin- ferred to take his exercise sitting down, and added ning to make us aware of time and of far off be- the rather pointed and pertinent remark that he ginnings which we do well to recall. would "rather belong to a crew that looked back During the last three years we have observed and moved forward than to a team which looked a number of these significant anniversaries. In forward and moved back." Which thing is a 1936 we had the Whitman Centennial, commem- parable. In a shell there are nine men. Eight of orating the heroic venture of Marcus Whitman them who furnish all the power look backward. who set out in February, 1836, to establish the There is only one, the coxswain, who looks formission at Walla Walla which planted the Chris- ward and he would be a still better coxswain if he tian Church in the far Northwest and helped to had eyes also in the back of his head. prevent the yielding of the territory to Great Britain. In 1936 also the Southern Presbyterian Or consider a gun. Where is the pawer which Church celebrated the seventy-fifth anniversary hurls the projectile? It is not in a magnet or any devic~ in front of the gun. It is in the explosion of the establishment of the Church in the beauti- behind. The energies which drive us pour out of ful old building in Augusta, where their first As- the past. Even when we pursue a distant future sembly met under the shadows of the Civil War ideal, it is the past which gave it to us and which thrusts us after it. in 1861. Last year our Northern Presbyterian The second great use of the past is as a teacher. Church celebrated the centennial of the Board of Foreign Missions which, indeed, was also the It is in the school of the past that we learn our Board of the Southern Church, for the quarter lessons: as to essential realities, as to abiding century preceding the division that came in 186!. values, as to the possibilities of achievement, as Now this year we are observing the Sesqui-Cen- to vital resources, as to true direction, as to the tennial of the adoption of the constitution of the Will of God, His trustworthiness, and our duty. It Presbyterian Church and the establishment of its is of some of these lessons that I am to speak in General Assembly. In the midst of these anniver- the matter of the foreign missionary enterprise saries we are happy and grateful in commemorat- of the Church during the century of this Second ing the founding of the Second Church in St. Church's history.

Louis one hundred years ago. What Christianity Is Sometimes we are told that we waste time in First of all we are taught the fundamental lesthese historical commemorations. "Of what use son of what Christianity is. The foreign missionis the past," men ask, "when the present with its ary undertaking is the expression of the essential problems and its tasks demands all the thought nature of the Christian faith. It embodies the and energy that we possess?" conception of the adequacy, the uniqueness and the finality of Jesus Christ and the Gospel. Chris- There are at least two of the many uses of the tianity is not one of the world's great religions, past which stand out clear and indisputable. each of them the expression of the religious gen- ius of one race and adapted to the experience and For one thing, we draw inspiration and power needs of that race. Christianity is solitary, not from the past. I recall a shrewd saying of Dr. comparative, universal not ethnic. Christ is not Duncan Spaeth, who is one of our leading Shakes- one of many great religious teachers; and Chrisperean scholars and was for some years professor tianity is not the religion of the white race. Christ of English in Princeton University; at the same stands alone; His name is not to be included in time he was the inspiration of the revival and any list of names. And the white race did not maintenance of rowing at Princeton. Some one • An address at the Centennial Celebration of the Second Presbyterian Church, St. Louis, MissourI.

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originate Christianity. It originated in As i a humanistic spirit of the community. The organic among Asiatics; and it has always been and is relationship of all unselfish philanthropy to the now not the natural expression but the supernat- Christian motivation has been obscured and for- ural condemnation of the ethnic spirit of the whilte gotten. On the foreign mission field we see char- race. ity in its primitive reality. The orphanages, leper One must go further. Any definition of religion asylums, hospitals, schools for deaf and blind, all which covers Christianity excludes all' other so': the unselfish charities of the non-Christian world called religions. Or, if they are religions, Chris- are still seen as having sprung from a lesson still tianity is not. This, indeed, is the fact. Chris- maintained by the Christian Church. The late tianity is not a "religion." It is a revelation. It . F.W. Stevens, professor of law in the University is not man's quest for God. It is God's quest for of Michigan and American member of the Bank- man. Webster's dictionary defines religion as "the ers' Consortium in China in 1920-23, saw this and recognition of God as an object of worship, love bore his competent testimony to it. "I have come and obedience; piety; any system of faith and to believe," he said in an address in Peking to worship. Religion is subjective, designating the returned Chinese students, "that America's great- feelings and acts of men which relate to God." est contribution to China, greater even than "Much that belongs to religion," says. John Mac- America's political friendship is the work of the murray, the English philosopher, "permeates American Christian missionaries in China. This what we call Christianity." But he adds, "I have statement may indicate the importance I attach a conviction that the points which the various to the need of moral regeneration which must pre- world religions have in common with Christianity cede any great political or industrial improve- are in large measure the points which are not ment. In all China there is not a single organiza- specifically Christian, but merely religious." tion on a scale of importance, that aims at moral What is specifically Christian? The glorious improvement or that is calculated to bring it fact of the Incarnation and the Good News of Sal- about, that is not traceable in its origin to the vation and Eternal Life offered by God through Christian missions. I have inquired among all His only Son, Jesus Christ. It is this conception kinds of people from all parts of China for such that makes Christianity missionary. "The·true an activity of non-Christian origin without findstate of the case," as Dr. William Newton Clarke ing one." And the widest possible meaning must said, "must not be forgotten, namely that Chris- be given to Mr. Stevens' word "moral." It covers tianity sets out for victory. The intention to con- the whole ideal of man's deepest and fullest wel- quer is characteristic of the Gospel. This was' fare, both of body and mind. Of the latter I will the aim of its youth when it went forth among speak in a moment. My point now is that in the the religions that then surrounded it; and with missionary enterprise we have seen the inevitable this aim it must enter any field in which old re- relationship between the love of God and the love ligions are encumbering the religious nature of of man: we have seen Christianity revealing its man. It cannot conquer except in love but in love true nature in seeking, side by side with the oral it intends to conquer. It means to fill the world." proclamation of the truth, to heal every human This conviction is incarnated in the missionary hurt. It has been, as it was at the beginning, undertaking. It is equally essential if Christianity the fountain of the stream of philanthropy, of the is to be vital and effective at home. healing of disease, of the care of the unfortunate A Ministry of Love and needy, of charity and compassion and love.

There is also a lesson for us to learn here for In the second place the missionary enterprise our situation at home. Let the Christian convic- reveals the basic nature of Christianity as a min- tions and loyalties die down and we shall soon istry of unselfish service and of love. Its primary discover the utter inadequacy of our reliance upon aim was to preach Christ as the only Saviour of community goodwill and humanistic philanthropy.

the world; but the Christ whom it preached could The real driving force in all our apparently sec- be no other than the Christ whose first sermon ular civilization is not secular. It is the hidden in his home synagogue was from the text: "The and unostentatious Christian valuation of Christ spirit of the Lord is upon me; because He hath and the motivation of Christ's love and the love anointed me to preach the Gospel to the poor; He of man for Christ's sake.

hath sent me to heal the broken hearted, to preach Relation to Education deliverance to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are In the third place, we see in the missionary en- bruised." Here in the West our charities and terprise of the century the fl,mdamental relation- philanthropies have largely passed out from the ship between Christianity and education, between control of the Church, and seem to rely upon the Christ and the freedom. and expansion of the

THE YEARS PAST AND TO COME

mind. From the beginning with William Carey ated freedom suffers. All true education is the and Alexander Duff, the missionary has been the child of the Christian spirit and will suffer when founder of schools. He began the first elementary divorced from the source which produced it, and schools in non-Christian lands. He founded the from which it mus,t continue to draw its life. Let colleges, the medical and industrial schools. He one tragic contemporary illustration suffice. Ger- or she was the pioneer of education for women. many was once the leader in thought, invention In many lands the same thing happened that has and discovery. And today-!

happened in America. The state took over or The Bond of Union and Peace built upon what the missionary began. The Im- perial University of Tokyo had its origins with This school of the past missionary century is a Guido Verbeck and Divie McCartee. The Nation- rich school but I will speak of only one other of al University of Peking, now destroyed, began its lessons. It has disclosed the one possible bond with W. A. P. Martin. David Murray guided the and basis of a united and rationally ordered hu- establishment of seoondary education in Japan. man society, namely the Holy Catholic Church.

In many cases, however, the missionary enter- Every other proposed basis of a peaceful world prise is still carrying on its institutions, equal or order has broken down; diplomacy, international superior to those of government. All the medical organizations, "nine-power treaties," leagues and education of the Chinese began with missionary covenants, ententes, alliances, "axes," all world medical schools. Eighty-five per cent of the associations of whatsoever sort. Even greed has schools of Africa are still conducted by missions. failed. Indeed greed has worse than failed. Men The outstanding modern educators of India have sell to their nation's enemies the very instruments been missionaries, honored by the government for their enmity. No words seem more pitiable with Knighthood for their service,-Sir William today than Mr. Kipling's "Peace of Dives"

Miller and Sir James C. R. Ewing. Even where "The word came down to Dives in torment where he lay, government with its resources begins to monopo- 'Our world is full of wickedness, My children maim and lize the educational field, the missionary enter- slay; prise has found its opportunity in pioneering And the Saint and Seer and Prophet enterprises, the originating liberty of the Chris- Can make no better of it tian spirit fulfilling its function of freedom and Than to sanctify and prophesy and pray.'''

creativeness. So Dives rose up and bound the world together in The present victory of India has borne tribute irrefragable peace.

to this service of the missionary spirit. In his "With gold and fear and hate report in 1928, as Chairman of the Royal Com- I have harnessed state to state.

mission on Agriculture in India, he said, "We can- And with hate and fear and gold their hates are tied. " "And behold all earth is laid not leave the subject of the teacher and his In the peace which I have made." training without referring to a movement which offers bright hopes. for escape from the difficulties Ten years after Kipling wrote, Dives' peace which clog the progress of education. The new was burned ashes and Dives had no need to go scheme for training teachers which has been back to hell. worked out by the Presbyterian Mission at Moga, has been adopted and extended by the Punjab There is only one world fellowship that is real Education Department and now prevails in every and that can bear the strain. That is the world training institution for vernacular teachers in the Christian Community. For a hundred years the province. This system of training at Moga is but missionary enterprise has preached it and has one example of the valuable pioneering and ex- been busy building it. Our Church has had its perimental work accomplished by missions, to glorious share in it. In a dozen lands it has led which education in India owes so great a debt." in the founding and development of independent national churches with leaders of whom I could In America education, like philanthropy, has tell you, the peers of any in our Church at home, slipped from its relationship to the Church. The whjch hold fellowship with sister churches across Roman Catholics, to a lesser degree the Lutherans all-boundaries of nation and race, across the gulf and to a still lesser degree the other Protestant of nationality between China and Japan, across Churches, are seeking to maintain Christian edu- the gulf of race in India. The goal of world unity cation in relation to the Church but it is a hard may still be far away and the Christian unities struggle against the State with its power of taxa- may still be too weak to overpower the human sus- tion. In Russia and Mexico Church education is picions and rivalries and hates, and the coercive extinct; in Germany it seems to be doomed. We powers and pessimisms and paganisms of govern- are in danger of forgetting the lesson of the past. mentsmay stm.defeat the feeble instrumentalities Where distinctively Christian education is obliter- of Christian fellowship. But, soon or late, the

choice must be made between the unity of Christ man intercourse the nations burden it with even and the Satanic sin of a divided humanity. If we heavier limitations of travel and trade. Missionlearn aright the missionary lesson we shall not aries may be as ready for martyrdom as ever but despair but wait in hope and love till the martyr cannot get his passport vised. The difficulties which the missionary met in earlier Nation with nation, land w1th land years have vanished but they have been replaced Enarmed shall live as comrades free: by new ones. But what are difficulties for, except, as General Armstrong used to say, to be overcome In every heart and brain shall throb by the grace of God? Twice in "The Influence of The pulse of one fraternity. Sea Power upon History," Captain Mahan speaks of "the glorious disadvantage of numbers." And Some may say, "It has been a great past, and St. Paul shows how he regarded difficulties when you are justified in what you claim for it, but it he said "and," not "but": "I will tarry at Ephesus is gone and cannot come back or be reproduced. until Pentecost for a great door and effectual is We have come to a new and different day. The opened unto me and there are many adversaries." old motives which produced and sustained the missionary enterprise are dead. The sacrifices And the opportunities are greater than they which it required cannot be obtained in the world have ever been. The national churches in every in which we live." mission field are inviting help and offering asso- ciation. In China there is such an open door as I do not believe it. There have been changes, has never been known since Robert Morrison and there will be more changes, but they make the landed in 1807. One missionary writes: enterprise only the more necesary. Bible teaching is now permitted in all schools, and na- The Gospel has not changed. Jesus Christ is tional leaders are by their example and words urging the still the same, yesterday and forever. If our youth to find the secret of the power of the Christian relithoughts about Him and the Gospel change they gion. Never has the atmosphere of our schools been more only change truly as they see Him and His Gos- Christian. This is indeed the flood tide of mission work pel as something still greater than men have con- in China. Similar opportunity came after the Revolution ceived. His is still the Only Name. He is still in 1911 when China became a republic. There is a tide the only Light of the World. He alone is the in the affairs of Christ in China which taken at the flood Way, the Truth and the Life. Now, as ever, no leads on to victory. The ebb tide will later set in, for man comes to the Father but by Him. The world time and tide wait for no man. Now is the time to bring is worse lost without Christ, if that be possible, the ship into the harbor. A missionary today can with the then it has ever been. Its need of Him is greater help of the tide and favorable winds make more progress than ever in the past. If its flight was such that in a day than in a month when the tide is changed. it required His coming nineteen hundred years ago its desperate hopelessness today requires Him And so everywhere the tides run with us or even more. Of the seven nations which are de- against us but our duty abides, the duty to protermining the fate of the world today four either claim Christ to the whole world and to every man openly reject Christiani<ty or tolerate it only as as the only hope. an instrumentality of the State. Of the other three one is frankly secular and in neither Great Christ is our sure hope. What the conditions Britain nor America is the Christian spirit set in may be is a matter of subordinate consequence. supreme authority over the national. In one of They may affect the times but they will not deterhis last utterances Henry Watterson declared: mine the issue. What th8lt issue will be St. Paul declared in the clearest and boldest way long ago. The future looks black enough, yet it holds a hope, a The time will come, he said, when Christ's Name single hope. One power and one power alone can arrest will be above every name, when "at the name of the deseent and save us. That is the Christian religion. Jesus every knee will bow and every tongue con- Democracy is but a side issue. The paramount issue, fess that Jesus Christ is Lord." Where was Paul underlying the issue of democracy is the religion of Christ when he said this? In prison, chained to the wrist and Him crucified. If the world is to be saved from de- of his jailer; forsaken by friends; the victim of struction, physieal no less than spiritual destruction, it the ill will of insincere fellow Christians; anticiwill be saved alone by the Christian religion. That elim- pating a martyr's death at the end of his way. If, inated leaves the world to eternal war. under those conditions, Paul could have this faith ought we not to feel shame if we waver in it? The difficulties are greater than ever before. Weare at least nineteen hundred years nearer Man has created machines which now tyrannize this consummation than Paul was. If he were over him. He has produced an environment standing where we stand, with what overflowing which he has not learned to control. His most gratitude would he survey the century past and boasted inventions are as capable of working ruin with what glorious riew faith and courage would as of doing good. He is exalting inferior values he advance into the century to come! over the value of man. An age which overestimated man is succeeded by an age whkh degrades him. Instead of simplifying and enriching hu-

God's Voice from

With Glimpses of His F.aithfulness in the Experience of the China Inland Mission By MRS. HOWARD TAYLOR Author of "The Life of Hudson Taylor," "By Faith-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland Mission," and other volumes f". ALONE in his Toronto office, a young man was "Be definite, young man, be definite! What is facing a situation that might well cause it that you need? What are you really asking?" concern. He was the newly appointed sec- Startled, Mr. Frost rose fr.om his knees, went retary of a movement which had come into being to his desk and began to consider the matter, pen largely through his prayers and eff.orts. Carried in hand. One after another he wrote down the on a full tide of spiritual blessing, he had taken pressing financial needs and was dismayed to find part in the establishment on this continent of a that they came to a total of six hundred dollars.

Mission, begun in England, which had for its aim Could he ask definitely for so large a sum? It the evangelization of inland China. But now its was a critical moment for himself no less than beloved leader, Hudson Taylor, had gone on to for the Mission. But faith triumphed by the grace Shanghai with the first reinforcements from of God. Spreading the paper on the chair before North America, and Henry W. Frost was left re- him, the young man knelt again and definitely sponsible for the home side of the work in the asked, in the Name of the Lord Jesus, for the United States and Canada. For years, the lead- whole six hundred dollars.

ing of God in his life had been preparing for these "So real was the transaction," he recalls, "that developments-as the biography just published when I rose from my knees the sec.ond time it was graphically records ;*-but with the newly-formed without a burden of any kind. With complete rest Council he had now to deal with no fewer than of heart, I went through my corres.pondence and forty missionary candidates and a home-centre to other: work for the day, though as hour by hour provide for the Mission, S.o that the problems that went by nothing happened."

pressed upon him were neither few nor small. Nothing happened in that office- but many, All this had been foreseen and considered with many miles away a friend was led to think and Mr. Taylor in helpful hours of fellowship and pray about the Mission. Under a sense of divine prayer. "No debt" and "no appeal for funds" guidance, this friend wrote a letter which reached were principles of the Mission with which Mr. Mr. Frost the following morning. At the desk Frost was in full agreement. The life of faith where his list of needs had been made, the latter for things temporal as well as spiritual was not opened the letter to find a check enclosed for six new to him. With his young wife, he had already hundred dollars, to be used at home or in China, launched out on the promises of God, proving in as it might be needed. This experience opened to experience that as we seek first His kingdom and the young secretary new vistas of the power .of righteousness all things needful are indeed prayer and the faithfulness of God. He wrote: "added" with a Father's loving care. Fifteen Did I pray more in detail after that? I certainly did!

missionaries in China, h.owever, and increasing I remember that I used to breathe prayers in those days needs at h.ome put faith to fresh tests. Without that I would have laughed at before, as childish. Somethe backing of any church or denomination-for thing came back to me then that Mr. Taylor had said when the Mission embraced all evangelical Christians we were together at Northfield. in its fellowship-and without reserve funds or "Have you ever thought," he asked, "of the difference between a father's and a mother's care of their children?

pledges of supply, prayer to God was. the only re- The father goes to business, whatever it is, and works source. And on his knees in his office that day hard to provide for his family, but it takes a mother to the young Secretary was unburdening his heart mend the children's stockings. And in a very real sense, before God. God is a Mother to his people, as well as a Father."

And then a strange thing happened. It seemed And truly I have found it so, in all the years since then. as if a voice spoke in the silence: By this time (1890) the China Inland Mission was twenty-five years old and had reached a posi- • "By Faith-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland Mission." ti.on froni'which rapid growth was possible. Start- CBhyinDar.InalnadndMMrsi.SSHioonw, aPrdhilTaadyelloprh. ia,Il1lu9s3t8ra. ted. 8vo. 364 pp. $1.25. ing in England in 1865, l·t had spread to N.orth [11 ]

America, but still its home-base was inadequate for the developments that were to come. The growth of those early years had been remarkable and full of promise. The Mission's first objective, that of placing pioneer evangelists in all the inland provinces of China, had been attained in little more than a decade, with the sole exception of the province of Hunan. To enter any of those great regions marked black on the first of our little maps had seemed impossible. The very name, "China Inland Mission," had been a laughing stock to many who did not know the power of prayer. But the eighteen pioneers asked of God CH'NA 18Y4 EXPANSION OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION-FIRST DECADE Extension of the work to 1876; still unoccupied provinces in black EXPANSION OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION-I teach precious lessons of the faithfulness of God. Up to 1867, no Protestant missionaries in Financial needs were never mentioned, save in eleven provinces (black) 'the inner circle, where they were constantly spread before the Lord in prayer. Walking before were hardly ready for their task before the long- Him day by day, why look to man for the succor closed doors were thrown open by the Chefoo Con- He has promised? But the inspired prayer, "Give vention (1876), and the young evangelists w~re us this day our daily bread," often took on new the first to avail themselves of the new situation. meaning. Such was the morning, for example, In two brief years they traveled over thirtythou- when there was nothing to put on the table for sand miles in those unreached provinGes, preach- breakfast when the first bell rang. The interval ing the Gospel, scattering Scriptures and, tr!l!!ts of ten minutes before the second bell changed the and even opening settled mission stations. ,A glance at the China of 1866 and that of 1877,will situation providentially, for a hamper arrived show the advance that had been made,:a.tJhe latter from some unknown friend with a generous supdate only one province still excluding :r1l.essellgers ply of groceries and provisions, and the large of the Gospel-the province of Hun~J.JamOlisto- household sat down with thankfulness to a wellday for its Christian preaching-band'S,;,: . spread board.

And the ground gained was nevet 'lost; fot the CHINA vital work of evangelization went' on, reinforced more and more by missionary women,until in .817 1890, the four hundred members of'the Inland Mission were settled in seventy-five stations, EXPANSION OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION-III chiefly in the interior. All provinces occupied in 1877. Hunan opened later. . 'Kwangsi and Mongolia developed by other missions *** Back in Toronto, the work had taken deep r{)ot, Mr. Frost's spiritual ministry being much, valued. Tests of faith were many, but,theY:.{l.ll ~el'vedto I. .

GOD'S VOICE FROM CHINA

:sao G"OWT>~ GtOWTK h. THl NUMBi:f IN TriE. HUMSEI oJ 0' C.l.M. lIAPi'SMS i" STAT10M& C.I.M. DISTR.ICT5 ….·100 ilEaL – 19~'

199 IU '1$ STEADY GROWTH IN CENTERS OCCUPIED BY THE C. I. M. INCREASE IN BAPTISMS IN c. I. M. Special growth after times of special suffering. There are also two thousand out-stations. IN ANSWER TO PRAYER Special growth after Boxer Outbreak, the Revolution, the One is tempted to dwell upon many of the answers to prayer recorded in the recent volume Evacuation period, and in the present war ("By Faith"), but one other must suffice. saw by the handwriting, was from a member of The rather gruff landlord of the first home of the Council who knew nothing about the immethe Mission in Toronto was in the habit of calling diate situation. Thinking it concerned some busiregularly for his rent. He made no profession of ness, Mr. Frost put it in his pocket, but half way being a Christian, and Mr. Frost was the more to the office was impelled to open it. To his suranxious to be always ready with the full amount. prise, it contained a check. And there, when he But one month, through an oversight, the money looked at it eagerly, was the ·one and .the five of laid aside for the purpose proved to be fifteen dol- the sum so much desired, but it was not fifteen lars short. Twenty dollars were in hand, but not dollars 1 To the figures that stood out from the thirty-five; and the treasury was empty. The check a naught had been added – it was for morning came when the rent was due, and still $150.00. Almost overwhelmed at such an anprayer seemed unanswered. Not a little dis- swer to prayer, Mr. Frost hastened back to tell tressed, Mr. Frost was up with the first trace of his waiting wife that the Lord had indeed prodaylight, haunted, even as he waited upon God, vided. by persistent suggestions of unbelief: "I knew He would," was the quiet though "Oh, yes, you will get the money, but not to- rejoicing reply, for Mrs. Frost's faith had been day-not before the landlord comes I" unperturbed.

Stopped in the hallway as he was leaving for With a full heart, the young Secretary arrived his office, Mr. Frost was told that a letter had been at his office to find that the episode was not finhanded in and was lying on the piano. This, he ished. . The Lord had something further to teach him about His watchful care. In the mail-box was another letter, 'placed there by hand-for it

had no stamp or post mark-and imperfectly ad- sular orders for the evacuation of British and dressed. Evidently it was from someone who American nationals from the interior of China. wished to remain unknown. For on opening it, That crisis of 1927 can be better imagined than Mr. Frost found a blank sheet of paper-not a described. More than six hundred C. 1. M. misword of writing-and folded within it were three sionaries were obliged to come down to the seanew five-dollar bills. What could it mean-the coast, leaving their loved work, and with no homes fifteen dollars over again! to go to, save as the Lord provided. But provide He did, and in such wonderful ways that no one "This time I did not rush back to Mrs. Frost. was without a true C. 1. M. welcome to temporary She was too far away. But I did hurry up to the quarters, and every account for traveling and office, where my overcharged heart found relief other unforeseen expenses was paid the day it was in praising the God of all grace. Since then, I presented. Truly, "God is our refuge and strength, have often thought that the gift of a hundred and a very present help in time of trouble." The chief fifty dollars was to show how ample the love of point is that every time of crisis was followed by God is, and the gift of fifteen to show the exact- greatly enlarged blessing. ness of His understanding care." To these three periods of crisis is now added *** the present war-situation in China, in which the Mission is facing greater perils and perplexities But tq come to the enlargement of the Mission's than ever before. But our Omnipotent Leader is home-base which followed the extension to North "the same, yesterday, and today and for ever." America. Troublous times lay ahead. Unknown This is why we have been and are enabled to adto any but the Supreme Director of the work, His vance rather than retreat and to send out large servants were to glorify Him in the terrible suf- reinforcements to meet the adversary's challenge ferings of the Boxer Outbreak in 1900. No fewer in this hour of his seeming triumph. than fifty-eight of the missionaries to win a martyr's crown, that summer, were members of the It is appropriate that in this Jubilee Year of the C. 1. M. More prayer, more faith, more love were Mission's history-half a century from the sailing needed to strengthen the whole Mission, at home of the first American party – the complete story and in China, for its baptism of fire. And in His should be published under the revealing title, "By own wonderful way the Lord prepared for the Faith," which emphasizes the secret of victory. crisis that He only could foresee. Before us lie greater opportunities and more urgent needs than ever before. God's voice from Those years from 1888, when the North Amer- China rings out a new and perhaps last call to ican branch was founded, witnessed extension to faithful following in the steps of our crucified, other lands also, until some time before the year ever-living Lord, the world's only Redeemer. This 1900 the Mission had become international as to is no time for fear or for retreat. Forty-two new its home constituency. The Prayer Union com- missionaries sent out this fall, including eight menced in North America spread with the growth fully qualified physicians, surely means that beof the work, gathering many into its fellowship fore us is still set an open door. in Europe and Australasia as well as in the United States and Canada. And surely it was this world- "No man can shut it" as long as God gives us wide intercession that sustained the Mission in the privilege of being "workers together with that overwhelming flood of suffering, and carried it through to the bleslsed aftermath of following Him" in and for China.t That great land is seeing years. Up to 1900, the baptisms in connection with the C. 1. M. had totalled about 14,000, that is Jesus as never before-seeing Him in the sacriover a period of thirty-four years; but the single ficial love and labors of His children. And Christ decade that followed, witnessed 22,000 baptisms -the suffering, dying, everliving Saviour – is in C. 1. M. stations, and a corresponding increase drawing countless hearts to Himself who alone in the centres occupied, as may be seen from the can meet China's need. accompanying diagrams. Have not they a right to know of His redeeming Since then, the record has been the same love? Has He not charged us with the saving mesthrough the years, for the story haS been one of sage, promising His own presence and enablement crisis after crisis, right up to the present period "even unto the end of the age"? It is our day of of warfare. Following the Boxer troubles came the opportunity, priceless opportunity, of which we difficult period of the Revolution, when large parts shall e.ach one have to give account. We call him of China were devastated by the armies of "White "Master and Lord." Oh, to see what He would Wolf" and other brigand leaders. Then i;ame the have us see, that we may do while we can what World War, with its inevitable repercussions; He would have us do! the rising power of Communism and Russian influence; the fearful sack of Nanking, and Con- t Including these reinforcoments, the staff of the Mission now numbers more than thirteen hundred foreign missionaries and four thousand Chinese workers.

To Interest Men in

Some Practical Methods from Experience with Men of Our Churches HELP THEM UNDERSTAND THE cult to discover which is cause and which is effect.

CALL OF CHRIST If men become genuinely committed to the service By BISHOP RALPH CUSHMAN, DENVER, COLO. of our Lord they will, as a matter of acoreurfsoe~nbd.e devoted to His interests wherever men Resident Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church If men become interested in serving their fellows If I am to interest men in missions I must, first in the spirit of Christ, near and far, they are of all, have a conviction myself as to the authority bound to have a deepening fellowship with their of the Great Commission and the reasons behind Lord, which is sure to express itself in every it. I must believe that the Lord Jesus called us, avenue of life. His disciples, to preach and practice the Kingdom of God on this earth. I must believe this so pro- But how shall we begin to interest men in misfo.undly that I will either stop praying, "Thy sions? Kmgdom come on earth," or will set out to cooperate with Christ in bringing it to pass. I do My own experience, and that of others that I not believe that there is any substitute for this have observed, is that the beginning of a growing interest and concern is to get people to give money to some specific missionary project or person.

burning conviction in my own mind and heart. While missionary administrators may have trouble with those who wish to give to special Second, I must clearly see how tragic are the persons or projects, there is no doubt that people results of failure to preach and practice the King- grow in missionary concern when they have direct dom of God on earth. In all of our churches, and contact with some individual or group about in the lives of individual church members, this is apparent. Our people perish for lack of vision. whose work they receive first-hand information. This conclusion is based on actual first-hand ex- Even if we hold that the chief business of the perience and close-up observation. Church is to acquaint its members with God, it is impossible to do this apart from the missionary But how can we persuade a person who while nominally and probably really Christian, has no vision. It is not by searching but by following great zeal for the work of Christ, to make a bethat men finally find God. Obedience is the organ ginning in giving money? It is here that the in- genuity of Christian love has a chance to operate. of knowledge. Years ago I heard Dr. George A. Gordon say, "Our churches are full of people who have never No spiritual education is likely to be easy. We understood what the call of Christ really is." This must seek to keep the work of Christ before peo- ple until they begin to see the sheer fun of having is true now. The majority of church members partnership with God. project the Kingdom of God almost entirely into Of all methods for arousing and deepening such the next world, and give almost no thought as to an interest there is nothing like the study of the Christ's plan that his Kingdom shall come "on earth as it is in Heaven." Until we get this larger New Testament. A careful study of the life of vision there is little hope that we can have closer A. A. Hyde, of Wichita, who became one of the great givers to missions of his life time, clearly communion with· Christ. demonstrates that his passion for giving money to Therefore it seems to me that the business of help forward the cause of Christ began when he interesting men in missions is only secondarily a made an intense study of the Bible, and especially matter of methods, it is primarily a matter of a the Sermon on the Mount. He said that he there conviction as to the imperativeness of the build- discovered no justification for a Christian laying ing of the Kingdom of Christ in all the earth. up a fortune and from the time he made that dis- THE CAUSE AND THE EFFECT covery "literal obedience was determined upon." It is a dangerous thing to read thoughtfully our By REV. GEORGE IRVING, PHILADELPHIA Christian Scriptures if one does not want to give Author of "A. A. Hyde-Master of Money" with enthusiasm to the cause of Christ, without geographical or other limitation. My two specific The primary question is, "How can we lead men suggestions then in answer to the first question to commit themselves to our LordJesus Christ are: and to His K~ngdom?". . 1. Endeavor to establish an interest in the work In attemptmg to arrIve at an answer it is diffi- of some missionary person or group.

[15 ]

2. Major on persuading people to make an hood and national growth equals that of any other honest, intelligent effort to know the Christian group. Those were strong men, those pioneer Scriptures, especially the clear testimony of our missionaries, interested in every phase of a good Lord and His apostles. life. This same is true of hundreds of men on our mission fields today.

BY A SENSE OF PERSONAL OBLIGATION In the case of Home Missions, we must show what is being done for the support of the best By REV. MERLYN A. CHAPPEL, NEW YORK form of democratic government. Home mission- Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. aries are at work in the "crisis areas" of Amer- Tens of thousands of American Christian men ican life where the going is hardest, the economic are giving to the support of missions, but the co- conditions are most trying, educational facilities operation of many thousands more must be won are least likely to be good, and opportunities for before the missionary enterprise receives ade- uplifting fellowship are not numerous. Church quate financial support. How may we interest men should know that our missionaries are great more men in missions? The following suggestions exponents of Christian democracy, emphasizing have been gathered from experience in the work by word and life the value of every human soul of missionary promotion in the home-church. in every area of our land. It can be said truly that Home Missions Societies are the greatest We can help our men of the church to develop force for true Christian Americanization in the the sense of social responsibility. They already entire country. have this to a larger extent in the field of community service. The distinctly Christian mission- Missionary speakers soon learn that they must ary challenge, when squarely faced, adds breadth win men to themselves as a preliminary to winand fulness to a man's social vision. The implica- ning them to their cause. There is no distinction tions of this truth came home to me recently in of sex at this point. Women speakers can do this the form of a challenge at a luncheon of many as well as men. Earnestness and a complete deservice and welfare organizations at the launch- votion to the missionary enterprise are essentials ing of the annual Community Chest drive in one to winning strong men to missions. Speakers of our progressive middle western cities. The must be recognized as the voice of the mission churches were well represented at the speakers' field.

table, as well as throughout the dining room. As We must show the men that when they invest I noted the feeling which the speakers, all men, their money in missions it is well invested. Mis- put into their appeal for the less favored citizens sion funds are handled by men who employ good of their community, I could see that they were business methods. Missionary money is not pleading for several prominent features of the wasted in denominational competition, but is missionary program. Surely it should not be dif- rather used for the purpose of making the nation ficult to enlist those men who were speaking, and Christian.. Many a man has become interested in the men who were listening to them so intently, missions by hearing the story of the birth of the in the active support of the world-wide missionary National Church in China and the equally roman- enterprise. tic story of the interdenominational success of the We can make a much wider use of the pulpit Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo.

for the presentation of missions. Men are most Men are drawn to missions when we appeal to likely to be found at the Sunday morning service. their sense of fairness in the recognition of a debt.

Pastors who include missionary illustrations in In the United States we owe our religious life to their sermons Sunday after Sunday know full the missionary, foreign first, then national.

well the value of this in making missions seem a More than 90% of our churches have, at some natural thing for presentation to a Christian con- time in their history, received Home Mission gregation. Splendid missionary material is avail- funds. Sunday school missions are responsible able today in great quantity and concise form. for the building up of thousands of American Mission Board representatives who come as speak- churches. We must make this fact known and ers endeavor to make their sermon a part of the then challenge our men to give other people the service of worship, just as truly as the pastor chance to hear the Gospel, to become acquainted does. with Christ, and to find salvation through Him.

We can acquaint the men of our churches with Men respond to such an appeal.

the strong men who pioneered in establishing mis- The tragedy is that not more than one third of sion stations at home and abroad. In America the members of our men and women give to the the missionary was as truly a pioneer as was the benevolent causes of the Church. The hopeful settler, the merchant, and the soldier in the early thing is that many men are now reading mission days. His contribution to the foundation of state- literature as never· before.

HOW TO INTEREST MEN IN MISSIONS 1'7

ONE PASTOR'S EXPERIENOE says, "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and all these things shall be added unto you." By putting REV. OSWALD J. SMITH, D.D., TORONTO world evangelism first we find that all things needed are added, for God is true to His Word. Pastor of The Peoples Churck INFORMATION AND MOTIVATION In the Peoples Church, Toronto, we do not have a Women's Missionary Society. No money is By REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D., raised through concerts, bazaars, entertainments, sales and similar devices. Nevertheless – or as PHILADELPHIA one result-the offering for missions three years ago was $36,000.00; two years ago it was Secretary' of the Board of Home Missions, $43,000.00; this year it has been $46,000.00. Reformed Church in the U. S.

We now support 130 missionaries, foreign and Men usually are interested in big things and in national, on some twenty different fields through- going concerns. Somehow they have gained the out the world. We have taught our people for impression that missions are a side issue in the years that the supreme task of the Church is the program of the Church and that they are supevangelization of the world, and they have caught ported by the small change. given by the contributhe vision. We have trained them, each and every tors. The bigness of the enterprise has never one, to contribute systematically to the great work captured the imagination of our men. Conseof Christian missions. quently, if we wish to enlist their interest and co- operation we must magnify mi,ssions as a thor- If we were to relegate the work of missions to oughly worthwhile enterprise. We must remove a group of women we would be saying, in effect, the impression that such a work can be supported that the supreme task of the Church is not the on a nickle a week basis. evangelization of the world but that this is only a side issue which a Women's Missionary Society Most men need more information regarding the could easily attend to while the men of the church work of missions. But this is not their chief dedid something more important. That would be ficiency. Even now they fail to respond to the the inference. amount of information which they already pos- sess. Wherever there is a wide gulf between in- We have fifty elders in the Peoples Church. formation and action the whole process becomes Practically everyone contributes systematically. sterile and men's work is dwarfed. Men need We have one hundred and thirty-five in our choir motivation rather than information. Motivation and orchestra and they likewise take part each is produced in two ways: first, by a new sense of year in this great work. Our Sunday school chil- values and appreciation of the real worthwhiledren contributed $1,200.00. Our Young People ness of the task; second, by an inward urge or do likewise. Everyone has caught the vision and desire to do what ought to be done. Methods, each one feels his responsibility. conferences, technique, may prove helpful in gen- erating interest in missions but personal contacts We hold a great Missionary Convention in April with individuals, fostering in their hearts a sense each year when we invite missionaries from all of value, will accomplish the best results. If men over the world who are home on furlough to at- can be led to make big investments in this entertend and speak. Two addresses are given each prise, they will show greater interest. "Where afternoon and each evening. The morning is de- your treasure is there will your heart be also." voted to prayer. These sessions continue for But the reverse is also true: "Where your heart seven days, and thus the people get a vision of a is there your treasure will go also." world's need. INTEREST IN GREAT AOHIEVEMENTS Finally, on the 8th day, the closing Sunday, missionary offerings are taken at all services in By REV. CHAS. T. LEBER, NEW YORK the form of cash and promises for the next twelve months; month by month the people pay in the Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions amount promised, dividing their entire donation into twelve parts. Thus our needs are met. In my judgment there are four emphases to be stressed if we are to interest men in missionary By this method we have found that the men of work: our congregation are intensely interested in missions; in fact, they look eagerly forward to the I. Make the interpretation of missions to men day when they are to make their contributions, statesmenlike in scope and content. and because we are putting first things first God is blessing us at home; at almost every service That is to say, lead men to see (in sermon, ad-: people are compelled to stand or are turned away dress or conference) that the Christian mission is in spite of the fact that we can pack as many as not just one little story after another, but that the two thousand and more into our auditorium. God

missiQnary movement is the greatest cause in the THROUGH MISSIONARY READING world meeting such issues as world peace, eco- By REV. HAROLD S. LAIRD, WILMINGTON, nomicjustie:e,thetotalitarian state and the whole DELAWARE Pastor of the First Independent Church of Wilmington question· of security and. progress with a realism and a power that is not evident in these issues as they are being met by any other government in the Men should be interested in missions in the world today. same manner in which women are interested, II. Keep men informed constantly as to the great namely, through private missionary reading and achievements and outstanding events of the the study classes. The problem, however, in in- missionary enterprise. teresting men is found in the fact that so few men have a desire to use these methods. Myex- Sporadic talks are not sufficient. Keep up a perience has been that, even with women, it is thorough and persistent program of missionary always a small percentage of the membership of education for men, thoughtfully persuading them the church that has sufficient interest to take up to read books, pamphlets, news-letters and bul- either private reading or the mission study class letinsl (all of which are available if sought) and work. In view of this fact, I am persuaded that thus keep men's minds awake and their hearts the pulpit must not neglect its message on the sensitive to what the Christian movement really Great Commission.

is doing across the world. Once a missionary asked me if I believed that III. Give a man, something to do in the mission- missionary interest is waning in the Church at ary cause. home. I replied that missionary interest is not waning in any church whose pastor's interest is Put men on commissions to study missionary not waning. Just as men and women are attracted issues, on committees to plan for missionary occa- to the Church of Christ by the preaching of the sions, in groups to meet and confer with mis- Gospel of Christ, so they are interested in the exsionary personalities, on programs to speak on tension of the Gospel by the testimony of the missionary subjects, in campaigns to raise mis- Word of God regarding this all-important Chrissionary quotas, on boards to direct miss.ionary tian obligation. affairs, on creative tasks for missionary projects. Surely men are as much interested as women IV. Let a pastor plan and carry out the mission- in the thrilling accounts of the power of the Gos- pel unto the salvation of people of every kindred, ary task as the responsibility of his entire tongue and nation, when the story is told by one church, and not as of one group in the church, and then men will take their share who has been God's instrument in the salvation of souls in heathen lands. Because of this fact, it of missionary responsibility. has been my custom to bring into my pulpit the best miss,ionaries I could find. Nothing interests EXHIBITS FROM LIFE either men or women in any subject like the first- By REV. EDWARD D. KOHLSTEDT, PHILADELPHIA hand testimony of those who speak from experience. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church AN ANSWER IN A MEN'S MISSIONARY First-Portraitures from the laboratory of life, LEAGUE * rather than dissertations on the philosophy of missions or elaborate statistical summaries, are By FRANK STEWART the most convincing presentations of either home Church Editor of The Cleveland Press or foreign missions. Every churchwoman in Cleveland knows "the Second-While statistics do sustain vital rela- missionary society is strictly a job for the ladies."

tionships to the cause of missions, the most real- That has been the way almost since they built istic proof of the success or failure of missionary the first church back in colonial days.

investments must be found not in statistical tables, Either in the little old country congregation or but in evident exhibits of enriched individual and the big city denomination, it's always been the collective life. Women's Missionary Society and the Ladies' Aid Third–According to my experience and ob- that baked the cakes and managed the oyster supservation, the average congregation is most read- pers. They've raised the funds to pay for the ily challenged and quickened by stories .of actual mission work in India, Egypt and China. experiences in fields of missionary activity which have revealed worthwhile social and spiritual As for a Men's Missionary Society – well, no one ever dreamed of that-sounded too much like ;,I.chievements. • From The Cleveland Pre88.

HOW TO INTEREST MEN IN MISSIONS

one of those "believe it or not" affairs. And yet, An address was given by the Rev. T. Clifford right in Cleveland's back yard there is just such Strangeway on "World Service Today." an organization – a Men's Missionary Society! This men's society-formed solely for support and READING AND DISCUSSION GROUPS study of missions-is located in Elyria. It is included in the activities of the Elyria United Pres- FOR MEN * byterian Church and has a membership of more than forty men. Rev. George Taylor, Jr., D.D.,. pastor of the *** First Presbyterian Church, of Wilkinsburg, Pa., This Men's Missionary Society numbers on its recently hit upon the idea of a Mission Book Club roster professional men, coal dealers, store owners, clerks, factory employees, linotype oper- for Men. Two hundred and twenty men in Dr. ators, grocers, insurance men-representatives of most any kind of business you can mention. Taylor's church and in two other churches of The Elyria men changed the traditional Wom- Pittsburgh read "Mecca and Beyond" by Dr. and en's Missionary Society in only one way. They amended the title just a bit and call themselves Mrs. Edward M. Dodd. Upon the conclusion of the Men's Missionary League-dropping off the word "society." The idea for the unusual church the reading, 146 members of the club met to hear organization was that of the pastor, the Rev. George A. Brown, who has headed the church for an address by the author ·and to ta;ke part in a fifteen years. He organized the group Nov. 20, 1933, when he decided men, as well as women, forum discussion. . should be interested in extension of the church in foreign countries. As a result his Men's Mission- In the club membership of sixty-nine from the ary League has received national notice in church publications throughout the country. The move- First Ch].lrch of Wilkinsburg are fourteen engiment is spreading in congregations of the United Presbyterian Church throughout the United neers, seven executives, two clergymen, twelve States. clerks, eight bankers and financiers, two dentists, *** one superintendent of schools, two teachers, five Who do the men do? And what kind of fellows are they? salesmen, three heads of business, two attorneys, First, about their program. They hold mission three insurance men, and eight unclassified. study classes. They know where and how their denomination works in Egypt and India-prin- A Book Club for Men can be organized through cipal mission fields of the United Presbyterian Church. the men in any church or groups of churches, if The League pays for support of a native the pastors will lead the way. Very little of what preacher in one of the districts of India. No emphasis is placed upon finances. The principal in- men read deals with a constructive presentation terest of the group is spiritual and not financial. of the Christian way of life as it finds expression In addition to the strictly mission work, the League has a boys' committee and welfare group in the races of the world. The object of this club which takes part in civic and social activities of the church and community. is to encourage men to be informed as to the con- It was five years ago last November that a quests of Christianity as the true revelation of group of men in the United Presbyterian Church of Elyria, Ohio, met at the request of their pastor, God in Jesus Christ. the Rev. G. A. Brown, to organize a Men's Missionary League, the first of its kind. This group Any man who promises to read the particular has grown steadily in numbers and missionary interest. As an outgrowth of the movement book which has been chosen becomes a member of started in the local church there are now seven Men's Missionary Leagues in the presbytery. the club and is invited to the dinner meeting when Recently on a Monday evening, over sixty men the book will be discussed. The only expense is gathered at the church to observe their fifth anniversary. the cost of the book and of the dinner in case the member attends.

There should be a simple organization and men who hold responsible positions in the church life should be asked to serve as officers. If they show interest it will be easy to enlist some of the other men of the church. An enthusiastic minister is necessary to ensure the success of the club. The dinner meeting is the end of the club for any book.

When the club is organized the date is set far enough ahead to give the members ample time to read. Questions that arise in the mind of the member can be noted and become part of the open forum at the dinner. Several churches may join together for the dinner discussion, and someone well versed in the subject should be chosen as the leader.

The secretary of the club should keep a roll of the club members with the name and address of each member, stating he purchased a book, and whether he expects to attend the dinner. In or- ganizing a new club this information will be of great value.

• • From Ohristian WorJd Facts, 1938.

Missionaries Work in

Extracts from letters of pastors, teachers, doctors, and industrial missionaries, of the American Presby- terian Mission in West Africa, printed in lIThe Drum Call" (October, 1938) in Elat, Cameroon A MISSIONARY PASTOR'S DAY that all Bible teachings are true and then we join By THE REV. FRANK O. EMERSON with them in the Lord's Prayer.

Passing village after village we presently come "Here Kan, we go far tomorrow, so we must to a large company of mourners, a few wailing, divide the night for an early start. Is everything most of them sitting quietly under the eaves of ready?". the huts. They welcome a short message of com- "All set, but one thing; the only avocado is fort and prayer. Soon we come to a large stream.

spoiled, but we found a fresh pawpaw." How to cross depends on several things; most "I'll be shouting if you are not out at four!") fortunate if a canoe is at hand. If not too deep Just as I was closing the hut door with a slab we may just wade in, shoes and all, but we are of bark I heard someone near. already soaked to the knees with dew from the "Who is there?" I asked. grass. When the water is deeper one may de- "Me," was the only response. grade himself by being carried on another's back, It was a Nicodemian call; a man with several or in absence of onlookers he may hoist his clothes wives who had decided to become a Christian but to his head and wade. This time we found the before a public profession wanted to know if he water a little over knee-deep so we waded over.

must send his wives home to their brothers and At noon we rested in a village where there is a await their return of the dowry. It was quite school and chapel. They had heard of our coming true and he left with a crowded brow and repeat- and mashed plantain and thick peanut soup were ed assurance of Divine help. An hour had been ready for the men, with a dessert of sugar-cane cut from my short night, but soon I was com- and bananas. My own lunch was suppJemented fortably stretched on my camp bed. by two eggs and a pineapple. After half an hour Suddenly I found myself half sitting up; under we trudged on, our feet heavy, our garments the flashlight my watch indicated a quarter to soaked with perspiration, the tropical noonday four. As I stooped to pass under the eaves drip- sun was pouring down on us wherever we were ping with dew I discovered Kan already blowing compelled to leave the shade of the forest.

the embers into flame in the little thatch kitchen. Near three o'clock in the afternoon we were By the time I was ready there was a breakfast coming down the hill to the last stream before awaiting me of fruit, cereal, coffee, an egg fried reaching the outstation church toward which we with bacon and toast. Some of the carriers came were bound; a small boy ran dripping from the sleepily in, unstrung the bed net, packed the bed- stream and started up the hill opposite calling, ding and folded up the cot. By five-thirty we were "He's come! He's come!" As we climbed the hill feeling our way along the path in the darkness we heard one and another of our loads set down that was just beginning to fade. with a thud and the shouts of our men as they Someone called, "Tell my sister in the town splashed about in the shallow stream. Women three rivers ahead that our small father (uncle) were vociferously warned away, for this was a is very sick." Another dark form approached civilized community. While still some distance with outstretched hand and said: "Remember from the village we were surrounded by school to tell the teacher in Ovefi to send me the two children calling out greetings. I took their out- francs he owes me." stretched hands, sometimes three or four at once.

A mile further along we come to a village where How clean and cool some of them were! And a man is beating a call drum with little zest. It some of them-well, never mind.

is the call to village prayers. No one else is in Then came the women, not so noisy but not sight and we pass on, just as the first gapping, lacking in zest. Those with babies were pleased stretching people respond to the call of the drum. if the little one would hold my finger or smile; Another mile and we find some twenty people others would laugh uproariously if the child cried.

gathered for prayers and the leader is droning Finally, in the street the dozen or more teachers the tune, "Onward Christian Soldiers" to time and evangelists, displaying due dignity and re- that would lose the battle for any army. We enter serve; one dressed in tattered trousers and shred- and bow our heads while prayer is offered and ded singlet because his good clothes were not yet remain through the twenty minutes of assurance. ironed from the wash; others fortunate in hav- [20 ] ing second best clothes, and some, either well-to- amy after she had confessed years ago; now the do or foresighted, with white trousers, shoes, sal~ other women have all died and she wants to be shirts, ties and hats. Later in the day the mature counted in."

men of the village would come to salute us in "Do you think her heart has changed?"

our lodging. "Of that only the Lord knows. Ah, to change Very soon Kan announces that "tea sits" and there on my knock-down table-or, is it a set-up table? are sliced bananas, fresh toast and jam.

Did ever a meal taste so good!

The men were in the teacher's house disposing of more food than is worth while to enumerate.

Soon the native pastor and his wife appear, one carrying a chicken, the other a basin in which are piled avocados, oranges, eggs, a few pine- apples and pawpaws, while a small boy comes lugging a bunch of bananas. This is the first offering to the white man's appetite; other things will follow through succeeding days but with less formality. Now my canvas bath is ready and the second great privilege of the day is about to take place. Anyone approaching is warned that, "He Photo from C. E. Whittier bathes." SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH THEIR WOODEN SLATES The native pastor approaches with notebook from sin to righteousness is a thing only God can and file cards. Would I like to know what is laid bring about. We should rejoice that His Spirit up for the church session tomorrow? I would accomplishes it, or what would we do?" -not like~but should! After a warm supper and a bit of quiet fel- "Forty applicants for baptism and you find lowship under the moon, weariness sends us early them all prepared?" I ask. to our waiting cot where the prayer drum will waken us to a new day on the morrow. "Well, we find they have done nothing." Not the strongest recommendation you think, until you understand that he refers to heinous sins.

"And for advancement as catechumens-twen- A MISSIONARY TEACHER'S DAY ty-eight? Do all of them know their catechisms?" By MYRTlE KIRBY MCCLEARY I ask.

"You yourself must decide. Some are stupid, Everyone knows that a teacher's interests are some are old and some perhaps are a bit lazy, but not confined to the schoolroom, especially if she is a housekeeper as well, with an adjacent garden and yard to supervise. A busy day, and its con- tact with the people, should bless both the helper and the helped.

I was awakened at three in the morning by voices outside my window. Startled I slipped through the darkness and peered down. Three bulky forms were huddled against the house, and I called down, "Who is there?" I caiIed.

"Bia" (Weare), came the answer in female voices.

. "What do you want?"

"We have brought food to sell."

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT ELAT, WEST AFRICA "But why at this hour?" "Oh, the soldiers are on the path at daylight and would take it. Please we find that they too have done nothing," I am come see it." .

told. "Can you not rest on the porch until morning?"

"Tomorrow we shall know. And what of new "No, we have to go to our gardens."

confessors?" I ask. Remembering the hungry houseboys, I donned "Of them there are many; some of their cases kimona and bed-shoes, lit the lantern and came await yourself. One woman married into polyg- out onto the porch. I thought to buy hastily by

the basketful, for I was sleepy and chilly, but no to help each other. During my first period, which –everything must be piled and counted, for the is reading, one stood to read the Gospel and mis- brown woman's financial sense is keen and the pronounced a word. That amused a younger boy white woman's must match hers. But finally all and he laughed. This so irritated the reader that was accounted for. I bade them "walk well" and he stopped, faced about and thoroughly rebuked they departed. the laughing one who retorted; it required dis- Cuddled down in bed again, my next alarm was cipline to regain quiet. When we had finished the from the Girls' School near by. They were open- tragic story of the death of Judas Iscariot, three ing the day with morning prayers. How they did hands shot up for question. I nodded to the first sing! In spirit I joined with them as the chorus one, but all asked in unison, "What became of the rolled out through the darkness: "I Need Thee, bag?"-indicating there were more Judas na- Oh I Need Thee"-we both did. I felt better be- tUres. Sometimes, when their childishness is very cause they had awakened me this way, just as pronounced, then I remember that this very ele- the brown women through the darkness had ment in their cheerful nature seems to be a bless- brought material food for my need. Thoroughly ing. Arithmetic is the older men's Waterloo.

awakened, I sought the "quiet hour" after which When I found one looking earnestly under his I was ready for the day. The bird song, the dawn, desk, believing he had a flyleaf of "tables," I the awakening activities, all made me glad to be walked around and found him counting on his alive. fingers. When I asked if he did not know how The house boys came to receive instructions for many fingers he had he said his hand itched and the day. I directed their work and peeped into he was scratching it! They are generally clever the kitchen where my "boy of all work" presides. at drawing and would be at writing, if they did It was fairly clean; the stove did not shine as not add quirks and curls to the simpler modern when freshly blackened, nor were the dish towels form.

as white as when freshly laundered. But he tin- Their good nature carries them far, as was il- kled the call-bell and I sat down to a good break- lustrated one morning when I thought a boy had fast, thankful for cook and food. forgotten to remove his wool cap. I came from While at breakfast the garden women come behind and tried to quickly jerk it off and surprise for their day's work-a trio whom I sometimes him, only to find I was the surprised one for I feel I do not need as much as they seem to need found his hair was cut cap-form and it was his my help. Faithful, industrious, loyal, daily ex- crown I was trying to lift! He laughed when I amples of true women. One morning there were did, but took my advice to have his hair cut.

no pawpaws in the cupboard. They are my break- After four hours' work, broken by a short re- fast food. But ere I sat down, Evina, one of my cess, I hurried home. On the porch was a Mo- garden women, appeared smiling as she held out hammedan trader with his goods spread out three saying, "I peeped into the cupboard last awaiting me; a boy who wanted a guitar string, night and saw there were none, so I got up early four school girls waI).ted beads. I bought a trinket to pick and bring these to you." Bless her! of the trader, supplied the string and the beads, But the school bell is ringing and I grab a bag went through the house, out of the back door, of books and hurry away, trusting all to the help- made a round of inspection of the morning's work ers. On the porch are waiting boys who follow and sat down to lunch. Too tired to eat, I thought.

me, telling me their wants en route-to beg a pen- Then I rose refreshed and slipped into my sleep- cil, to work for a copybook, to borrow a song book, ing porch with a magazine. The latter faded into to ask a question about the lesson. I answer all oblivion in time and I slept until the two o'clock and provide, if I can, as I rush on. bell called me back to the primary boys' school.

At the schoolhouse door are about two hundred Again my porch seemed full. A boy with a men and boys who are waiting for the final call wound he wanted bandaged and one wanting a and with their three teachers we go in together. little piece of soap to wash his cloth. I finally Devotions first, the native teacher leading. We satisfied them and rushed away to the school- have songs, prayer and Scripture lesson, after house. What a noise as I neared it! One hundred which we have a brief practice in note singing. and fifty little boys and ten teachers. One saw How the boys enjoy it, and how quickly they take me, gave the alarm and there was a rush for the four voices and sing their parts! When some seats and positions; heads bowed over books and were so often tardy for the devotions we re.quired slates and all was quiet for a moment, then work all late ones to sit in the rear of the house until resumed. I went from class to class, watching class hour. . teachers listening to readers and inspecting their My class of prospective teachers numbered fifty: wooden slates-much faulty work, but some very They have never learned to whisper and "silence good, done with those little lead pencils that were is golden" there, but we try to arrange recitations once held in white hands in America. There was

HOW MISSIONARIES. WORK IN AFRICA

PRIMARY VERNACULAR SCHOOL AND TEACHERS IN THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION, CAMEROON another commotion when closing time came and rarily be laid aside, and a day devoted to physical slates, pencils, rulers, counters and books were relaxation, perhaps, and spiritual renewal. Tocollected. But after a hearty song, they all said day no operations, no clinics, no workmen to prod, "Our Father" in prayer. Once outside, some quar- no machinery to repair, no disputes to be settled." reling, more fun and the head teacher saw them started homeward, while I placed tomorrow's Before a breakfast of pawpaws, avocado pears lesson on the blackboard. and oranges could be finished, there comes a medical boy with the tidings that there is at the En route home I encountered a trader's boy, hospital a very much frightened young man who while on the porch stood myoId boy, Mejo. I went was bitten by a snake while going to the river to for my shower bath, fresh clothes and a rest, bathe. There was no time to be lost. By instinct After the evening meal and other interruptions or custom, very fortunately, a tight bush-rope the curfew bell rang at nine o'clock. I looked at tourniquet had been applied, before coming in to a pile of unanswered letters, selected one and be- the hospital. Still more fortunately the patient gan; but my head went down, my eyes shut and had merely stepped on a sharp stone, but on that letter was put off for a more convenient searching through the bushes a companion hapseason. The spirit was willing but I went to bed. pened to see a small snake. A vivid African im- agination did the rest. A MISSIONARY DOCTOR'S DAY Now it is time to make Sunday morning rounds, By ROBERT H. MCCRACKIN, M.D. which must be done early enough to allow the medical assistants to bathe and groom themselves, As usual the rattling of pans in the kitchen whether to teach a class or to hold a meeting out announces the fact that another day has dawned. at a leper colony or in one of the neighboring Yet, not just another day, for it is Sabbath, the villages. A medical assistant is primarily a day of rest, when one may stay in bed later. Christian worker and personal evangelist, and is Breakfast is not until 6: 45. What a relief it is given time from the routine of hospital life for to realize, as the objects in the room begin to these activities both in the hospital and in the make sense, "Here is one day when the suffering surrounding country. He realizes that our hosof mankind and of getting up early may tempo-

pital work is only a means to an end-the salva- activity or control their routine in any wp,y after tion of the lost. they leave the hospital just as it is difficult to The head of the native staff has already made get them in for subsequent examinations unless complete rounds, so that he knows exactly where something new has developed. Therefore, we try special advice is needed in the way of treatment. to keep them in bed and about the hospital longer We're sorry to hear that Ziem, the little boy from than we would ordinarily.

the grass lands who had a piece of bone removed We walk back of the building containing the from his arm, has a fever. But the medical as- private rooms, wherein live the elite who come sistant has. examined his blood and finds that it from great distances in search of medical aid and is only malaria. It is a surprise to see little Eko sympathy. By far the larger number of this sitting on the edge of her bed shining her skin relatively well-to-do, English-speaking clientele , 'from the west coast make the pilgrimage to be examined by the X-ray, whether they are suffer- ing from a touch of malaria, intestinal parasites or skin irritation. After being examined, and sampling every description of medicine which can be found, they reluctantly admit that they are better and return from whence they came.

Our rounds over we make our way up the hill to the main building to find an anxious medical assistant wanting help with a difficult delivery case, the wife of one of our evangelists. This detour has left just enough time to get to the main church service. The sermon today is one LEPERS WAITING FOR TREATMENT BY THE that no one wants to miss. Our oldest African MISSION DOCTOR pastor is to speak. Though somewhat broken in with palm oil. She is going out for the first time body he is alert mentally and filled with Christian after weeks in the hospital with a partial paral- fire. Potentially, there should be at least an hour ysis of the right leg from a bad case of malaria. and a quarter when the troubles of the world may She won't be going all the way to the big church be forgotten, except as our attention is drawn but will go to the hospital chapel service. What to them by the minister, who was just getting a day it is for her, when both she and her parents under way when the voice of a medical assistant thought she would die, or that she certainly would whispers, "We have need of you at the hospital, never walk again! a strangulated hernia has been brought in." On arriving at the hospital a desperate effort was We must have a look at the little boy who has being made to sterilize the instruments over a been sick with pneumonia. His chart shows that kerosene stove which refused to burn properly. his temperature dropped during the night. In The patient was not in very good condition havthe next children's unit we find a three months' ing had his strangulation for four days in his old baby girl who fell off of her mother's bed into town and three days on the road coming to the the fire one night. We were awakened that night hospital. Two of the boys are talking to him by the cries of the baby and the moaning of the about his soul's salvation. He is a pagan who, for father. She seems to be making the grade. those four days of waiting in his town, has been There goes the drum which is beaten theoreti- trying all manner of native medicine. He concally at 8: 30, an hour before Sunday school be- fessed his utter helplessness, and desire to place gins.. As we go through the surgical wards we his life in the hands of the Master. The operation find a greater number of hernia patients. than any was performed and he finally went back to his other, but there is always a good percentage of town rejoicing that he had escaped both a phys- people who have had abdominal operations, ele- ical and spiritual death. The last word we had phantiasis, superficial tumors of every size and was that he was consistently working his way description, surgical venereal cases, and an oc- through the preparatory groups toward church casional goitre. Old Amugu is in the act of cut- membership. ting another notch in his foot long tooth brush. Sunday dinner over and there is just time for He was operated on for a hernia, and having no about an hour's rest before the 3 o'clock drum knowledge of the calendar this is his method of beats for the afternoon service. When the midkeeping track of the days, for he knows that when point of this allotted time was reached the inevi- there are 20 notches he may get up. As with all table again happened-another emergency. This the others, it is next to impossible to limit their time it was the result of a man meeting a lone

HOW MISSIONARIES WORK IN AFRICA ,25

gorilla on a narrow path in the heart of the jun- their belongings gave silent but eloquent testigle. Though a merciless killer when aroused, the mony to their intention. Then for at least the gorilla is usually very thoughtful in doing no more tenth time I marshalled all the reasons as to why damage than necessary to disable man, his po- that was impossible. All this was given out of tential adversary. This is done by cutting through my most emphatic Bulu vocabulary, but the only the tendon of Achilles of one foot, just above the response I received was a sullen look and three heel. This done the gorilla walks peacefully away. words, "We feel hunger." At last they decided to This man managed to drag his helpless. leg about stay awhile longer. The scale was brought and a mile, to the nearest village. This case was typ- the midget weighed. The slight gain in weight ical of all, in that the wound was made clean-cut was gratifying and gave me new courage in my as though by a knife. As a result, barring infec- battle to keep the baby until it was safe to release tion, they usually heal up without any difficulty him. after hooking the ends of the tendon together again. Visiting the wards was interrupted by the ar- rival of a sick boy carried by several of his broth- Space does not permit taking you with us ers. They said he was dying and certainly he through an entire day. Though often devoid of looked sick unto death. Multiple abscesses during the coveted day of rest it is a glorious field of a period of three weeks, and scarcely any sleep endeavor and we love it, as we help these people and nourishment, accounted for the emaciated, in their struggle for life against the beasts and anemic boy who lay moaning with the pain from insects of the forest, and Christ in His conquest a large abscess in one thigh. Happily his pulse of the beast that is in man. was good and the abscess was lanced with satis- factory results. Then came the most difficult task A MISSIONARY NURSE'S DAY -that of convincing his parents that he needed food and drink. "But he is about to die," they By ARISTA STALEY, R. N. stolidly informed me. "He will not die if you truly nurse him," was my vigorous reply. They There was a quick staccato of knocks on the refused to be convinced; it was therefore necesdoor, a slight-a very slight pause and the rat- sary for me to have soup made and a special guard tat-tat was repeated with the machine gun set to see that the patient was fed! Often it is persistency, until the din penetrated the conscious- harder to combat the doubt and fear of the paness of a soundly sleeping nurse. A veritable tor- tient and his people than it is to cure his sickness. rent of words followed her drowsy inquiry. "Such a foolish woman is that one! Never did I see such Suddenly a wild hail assailed our ears. The a foolish one! She surpasses in stupidity!" nurse I had left to watch Ngono was loudly call- ing for the woman's husband! The call was com- With difficulty the swift flow of words was ar- ing from the corner of a coffee patch across the rested and definite information extracted from road from the hospital. When we reached them, the Bulu widow who aspires to be a nurse in our the mother and child appeared to be doing well little hospital. I silently agreed to the foolishness on their mat of banana leaves! And this was the of the poor patient in the maternity ward whom baby who was to have been ushered into the world we sought to save from a premature labor. Not properly! I looked reproachfully at the nurse, once had she cooperated with us and as a result who hung her head and refused to meet my eyes. our efforts had failed-which news Hanna had We were all speechless as the patient and baby come to report. were placed on a stretcher and taken into the hos- pital. All the answer I could get from Ngono In the morning as I was leaving for the hospital later was, "Ah, my mother, all sense just per- I discovered that our cook had preceded me with ished from my heart!" his wife, Ngono. I was glad for I had already decided that this time her child should be properly At two-thirty, refreshed by lunch and a bit of born, in the hospital and not "on the path," as the rest, I returned to the hospital where I was met last one had been! Preliminaries were taken care by a sad-faced medical assistant. "I have bad of. Ngono begged permission to walk about. Hav- news. The 'big kettle' (auto-clave) has finished ing put her in charge of a nurse in whom I had being spoiled." I stared at him in consternation. confidence, I set out for the maternity ward to see Then my questioning eyes met those of the head another little premature, now two weeks old. My assistant and found confirmation of the awful "Good-morning" went begging. Both the mother fact. For months had this young man attended to and grandmother averted their eyes. "What is the sterlizing of our supplies and yet this time troubling your hearts now?" I inquired, immedi- he had failed to fill the water compartment before ately amassing my defenses against what I knew lighting the fire! All he could say was, "I'm sure would be their answer. "We are going home," I poured in water." I stood by, gloomily regardwas the terse response and the basket loaded with

ing the wreck and wondering what wizard would rain falling on that new corrugated iron roof. be able to mend it and if mending proved impos- The heavens surely opened and for over an hour sible, just where our little hospital would find the there was no let up. I was dry but how about several hundred dollars necessary to provide a that sand down by the river side? I could picture new sterilizer! those piles of sand with the river gradually creep- ing closer and closer and carrying those piles of Away to the children's ward, particularly to see sand, that cost over four thousand francs to dig the baby of Ze, for whom we had long fought out, back into the stream again. It must have against the ignorance and superstitious fear of been like counting sheep for the next thing I the mother and the old cronies who influenced her. heard was the alarm clock. It was six o'clock and To my amazement no one was with the little pa- time to get started. After breakfast and a "quiet tient but a small girl. hour" the day's work really began.

"Where is his mother?" I demanded. The river had risen slightly and the sand was "She has gone to the village to get some squash all right. Nevertheless we began moving it to seed to eat." safer ground. After roll call forty-two men were "Well then, where is Ze?" sent to move the sand, forty to break out rock "He it is who has gone to get his share of the for the new church, thirty-two to saw planks (all inherited goats," was her astonishing answer. by hand), eighteen to the swamps to cut palm A distant relative had died; a division of prop- leaves for thatch, twenty-eight were assigned to erty had occurred and apparently Ze was so meat build new houses for the workmen and eighteen hungry he could not resist a visit to a village some were assigned to the new carts to haul in the four miles distant, leaving his sick child. Silently broken stone; there were a multiplicity of smaller pondering the vagaries of the Bulu mind, I took jobs. Getting these men assigned to their differthe sick baby and gave it food and medicine. ent tasks and then seeing them saunter off to their There were more ward visits to be made, in- respective places, about as slow as they can drag cluding one to Abesolo, the lad with the large one foot after another, is the most exasperating abscess. He listened to my encouragement doubt- part of the day. I watch them and wonder if the fully but admitted he was resting better. With a church will ever be built. parting word to his people, that if he died, it would be because they did not feed him, I dragged Each of the twenty-two carpenters. needs his my weary self back to the hospital and then up own special instruction. At present they are the hill to home and a hot shower. On the way, making doors, windows and furniture for the came this query to my heart, "Is it worth all it new workmen's town, but soon they will begin takes, after all?" Swiftly and clearly came the dressing the large timbers for the church roof. answer, "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one From the carpenter shop I went to see those timof the least of these my brethren, ye have done it bers that are still in the process of cutting. The unto me." tree I visited was a hard-wood tree about four feet in diameter at the base and three feet at the AN INDUSTRIAL MISSIONARY'S DAY branches. As it was nearly straight we measured it up for the longest members of the roof trusses. By EDWIN COZZENS Each piece will be forty-two feet long. Since the sawmen had never handled such long timbers When the mission builder was ask?d to contribute to before they had to be instructed in almost every this number of The Drum Cull, he immediately began to step. make excuses-he was too busy building the church, at Efulan station to write an article. His letter of excuses I next stopped where the men were breaking follows. Is it an article, or not?-Ed. out rock. Since almost anyone should know how to build a fire over the rocks and then tomorrow We were sent here to build this long waited break off the pieces that had cracked off due to for church, but since our arrival in February I the heat, the only instruction'they needed was to have done everything else but that. I have been keep at it! Back at the station I found six men. called away four times on other business. wai.ting for me. A palaver.

On .arriving I hired more than two hundred men !'We want a file to sharpen our cutlasses." and we went to work cutting as much timber, and "But I gave Obam a file this morning," I said. digging as much sand out of the river as we "We know, but he won't let us use it." could, before the heavy rains began. A perma- Obam then explained that the best way to keep nent roof was put on our residence and a recent the file from wearing out was for only himself to fire necessitated the replacement of houses for use it! The men went back to the grass cutting eighteen workmen. quite satisfied, having something to wrangle about for the rest of the day. Take today for an example. To describe the whole day I will have to start about two a. m. when I was awakened by the sound of torrents of

HOW MISSIONARIES WORK IN AFRICA

On getting back to the shop I had two hours AN AFRICAN PASTOR AT ELAT before noon to work on an old auto engine I was preparing to operate a small saw for trimming demand most of his time. His wife must write the hand-sawed lumber. I was getting my hands letters to the two children in the homeland and dirty when another saw man called me to see a the other two at Elat; the Sunday school lesson hollow tree they had just felled. A half..;mile away is to be studied, for tomorrow she instructs the in the forest I found the tree. Examination teachers; the afternoon is reserved for town visshowed about thirty feet still usable so I marked iting; also neighbors are invited in for supper. it off in lengths and left the men to their sawing. The coffee arrives. Where is the top to the new They were quite provoked as they would have to coffee pot? dig a pit and then saw only three logs.. "Why it fell and broke," is the nonchalant ex- Back in the shop, too late to start another job planation-six months we waited after we had before noon, I went to the house. Not too late to ordered it from America and we have used it less start something there. My timekeeper presented than a month! last month's payroll to check and then I had to count the money to pay the men. A carrier was Prayers over, the visitors on the front porch also waiting to go to Kribi. Letters were written, are greeted. packages were prepared and the man sent on his way, but not before the boy from the kitchen was "Mb616 Esamba, it has been a long time since told to hold up lunch for a few minutes. I saw you."

The afternoon was spent in the shop doing the "Yes, I have been sick. I have brought you a odd jobs that the men were not able to do and gift of bananas and makabo." instructing them in the fine arts of filing saws or grinding valves. I got back to the house just "Thank you so much, the children will be very in time to listen to the radio news from England happy. Will you give them to the cook?" at 5: 45. After supper I remembered that I was to preach Sunday so I went to my desk to prepare The second visitor advance.s. "Let me see, I for this important task. We are here not only to know·you." build buildings, instruct workmen and to saw lumber, but to open up to these workmen, their wives, "Yes, I am Mej6 m'Abe'e." their children and their neighbors this wonderful "Indeed I do know you. How sad I was when Book, that they might grow in grace and the I heard your husband had died of sleeping sickknowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. ness and even sadder when the news came that you had fallen into sin." A MISSIONARY HOUSEKEEPER'S DAY "Yes," Mej6 continued, "your letter did help, but the thing that brought me back was the By ELIZABETH MILLER NEELY thought which came to me every night when I lay down to sleep, 'Am I to perish eternally just "Mummy," piped a little voice from the next because! love the things of this world?' " room.

"A Jo," muttered Mummy drowsily from her bed, "Why can't you sleep longer-at least until your nurse-girl comes?"

. "Mummy, bobo, bobo," in ever persistent tones. "J0, keep quiet," orders her bigger sister from her near-by crib. But J 0 has decided the day should begin and so Mummy goes for a bottle and stills her cries. Later mother, combing her hair is horrified to see in the bathroom mirror the reflection· of the table boy in the kitchen industriously washing face, hands and hair in the dish pan.

"Oh, why did I see that, and before breakfast?" she groaned.

Fresh flowers are arranged and the family is breakfasting at last. The plans for the day are discussed. The man of the house has a class of men with very little education, whom he is trying to convert into acceptable evangelists. They will

"Come in and sit down while we talk." you were in her house watching her shell pea- So many years to cover since the days when nuts."

Mejo was one of the bright women in school. "I am sick," grumbles Etua.

Another face appears at the door-an attractive "Ah, so you go to the first wife for comfort, is woman, with a beautifully kept skin rather light it so? Why did you marry more than one wife?"

in tint. Flashy earrings add to her charm and a "It is a Bulu custom." great poise. Almost fourteen years have elapsed "What kind of clothes are you wearing?"

since this white woman lived at this station so "White man's."

how can she attach the right names to faces she "Why do you not wear the kind of clothes worn remembers. by your fathers? How many children have you ?"

"I am Metyi," the woman introduces herself. "None." "Years ago we traveled the forest paths together. "A friend told me of a man who had nine wom- That was when you were new and just learning en and no children. He put away his women and married one wife. Then had fourteen children." to talk Bulu. My husband is an elder at Nkoln- In the next house the visitors are pleased to yen. This is my daughter," introducing the at- find that Mvondo and his wife, Mvutu, are living tractive child with her. more happily together.

Dear, Dear, the clock says half past ten. No What a joy to step into Eyinga's little mud hut. Even a stranger could sense that here is a Christime is left for instructing the flower gardener; tian home and it swarming with little duplicates of the mother. These people who long for chilthose letters cannot wait. Exactly three sentences dren, can they not see that big families are the offspring of Christian parents? have been composed when ear splitting .screams Mbengon, a fine Christian in Madame's school rend the air. Little two-year-old Ruth arrives, so many years ago, calls from across the street, "Come over and talk." blood streaming from one knee. How our hearts warmed within us to sit and "Pretty medicine, Mummy," she exclaimed, in- watch her deft fingers prepare plantains for the evening meal. Her husband's second wife came dicating the mercurochrome bottle. giggling up the street. She is possibly as old as our Miriam so far away in America. How could The second letter is under way when the wash she marry that old polygamist and be so flippant about it? boy pokes his head around the corner to' ask for Up the street lives Kabiyen who informs us that money to buy starch. Another visitor coughs from her husband is accepting payment for their daughter, Olle, hoping to purchase another wife. the front porch and demands Madame. But before "Is the man paying for your daughter a Chris- lunch the letters are finished and a slight inroad made on the Sunday school lesson. .

Lunch is over and siesta. Notebook,. pencils, tracts are in hand ready for a visit to the near-by village, when the table boy comes bringing a hope- less looking wreck the pumpkin pie baked for the evening guests.

"What happened?" I ask in tones none too gen- tle. tian? Do you know him well? Does your daugh- "I took it out of the cupboard and it fell." ter want to marry him?" Thus we pelt her with "Well, go gather oranges for the evening des- questions..

sert." "He said he would become a Christian but he The missionary neighbor joins company and off has not yet done so. He drinks heavily. My go the two. Today they will revisit the homes daughter does not wish to marry him and says visited two weeks ago. How pleased the women her father will return the money or go to prison." are to be called by name, not realizing that their "Good for her," is our commendation. "Do not let names with the numbers of their houses are in her weaken and the government administrator the little notebook. Mejo, a poor old sick woman will uphold her decision. is still lying back in her dark corner. The day is cooler now and we hurry home to "Has anyone taken you out under the eaves to bathe and dress for company supper. It is nice see the sunshine?" to sit around the table and converse in a language "No." Her brother says she is too much of a more familiar than the one used all day. Then burden to carry out every day; the big six-foot we play a frivolous game before we say good- lummox and she a little shriveled up morsel! night.

Finally after much persistence he is persuaded A few minutes to read before the light is blown to carry her out and place her in a deck chair. out, another moment to ponder over the day that Has he since done likewise? Next week we must is done and to utter the prayer, "Forgive us that go and see. which we have left undone which we should have "Etua, where is your second wife? Lastwe~k done this day."

Challenge of

By WM. H. RAINEY, Caracas Agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society D URING his third voyage across the Atlantic asylum, and reminds us that this disease is very in 1498, Christopher Columbus first touched prevalent in the sun-bathed republics of the the mainland of South America, near the Caribbean. mouth of the river Orinoco. The following year Alonso de Ojeda penetrated the Gulf of Mara- The train winds round the hills, skirting preci- pices, disappearing into dark tunnels, emerging caibo, and seeing the Indian houses built of piles. a few minutes later with a puff of· relief; then driven into the bottom of the lake, he called the the summit of the pass is reached, 3,500 feet above country Venezuela or "Little Venice." the sea; the blue Caribbean disappears from view, A century ago Simon Bolivar was the most and we begin to descend the southern slope to the famous personage in South America. Born of tableland. Soon the city of Caracas, the birthnoble family at Caracas in 1783, he studied law place of Bolivar, appears below, its churches and at Madrid and witnessed the closing scenes of the larger buildings standing out clearly in the bril- French Revolution in Paris. Returning to Vene- liant sunshine. zuela, he became the leader of the widespread in- All the way from La Guaira a broad cart-road surrection which finally liberated South America runs parallel to the railway-line, and winds its from the yoke of Spain. In 1824 Bolivar was way like a yellow ribbon among the green hills.

chosen president of a republic which stretched Venezuela is one of the most advanced republics along the southern shores of the Caribbean sea in South America in respect to highways, for from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Soon after roads mean as, much to the young nation as to the Ecuador was added and the Spaniards were driven Roman campfire. The Government has set an ex- out of Peru. ample to Latin America, spending money on com- Venezuela is the South American republic near- munications rather than on spectacular public est to the great markets of North America and works.

Europe. Caracas, its capital, is but ten days' Caracas is situated in a naturally beautiful spot journey by steamer from either New York or at an elevation of 3,000 feet, surrounded by green London, and one day by plane from the United hills. To the east there is a break in the range States. and access is given to a smiling valley bright with On arriving off the Venezuelan coast, the trav- golden maize and sugar-cane plantations. The eler finds himself face to face with a high range royal palm and the banana lend an air of romance of verdure-clad hills, rising almost from the sea- to the streets and gardens, and there is a feeling shore to a height of from 5,000 to 8,000 feet. At of lassitude in the air that probably accounts for the foot of this Cordillera, on a narrow strip of the national trait-never doing today what can ground, is situated La Guaira, the principal port. be postponed until tomorrow. The city is clean, Beneath the burning rays of the tropical sun- well-paved, and lighted with electricity. In the and there are few places in the world hotter than Plaza Bolivar, rou,nd the beautiful equestrian La Guaira-without a breath of air to refresh the statue of Bolivar, the life of the town is concen- atmosphere, the traveler awaits the train on the trated, and reaches its maximum intensity just little railway that connects the port with the cap- before sunset, when the day's work is over and ita!. They blow the whistle, the toy-engine makes the people come abroad to see and be seen. a supreme effort, and the little convoy of three Venezuela is naturally a rich country, with an carriages begins to climb the flank of the moun- immense area and vast resources, but it has been tain. Soon the port is almost lost to sight. One depopulated through its. numerous revolutions. large white building is clearly visible, standing Politics have been considered the royal road to alone on the outskirts of the town, and surrounded riches, and initiative has been crushed by un.,. by a high wall which gives it an air of mystery scrupulous governments. Physically the land is as though it had something to hide. And there is divided into four natural divisions-the Llanos, a mystery here-the greatest of all mysteries, the Andes, the basin of Lake Maracaibo, and the the enigma of human suffering; it is the leper basin of the Orinoco River. The Llanos are im- [29 ]

mense plains, covered with long grass, extending forest. Two men had already been killed by this from a little south of Caracas to the River Orinoco. means. He wanted the Indians turned into useful Here roam great herds of cattle attended by rough pick and shovel men, otherwise, he said, "if they cowboys, who live much as their forefathers lived do not abandon their helicose attitude we shall at the time of the War for Independence, when be obliged to take stern reprisals." Two Amerthose agile riders, armed with lance and lasso on icans are reported to have found their way into their wild horses, carried panic into the Spanish the dense forests inhabited by these Indians, and hosts. The region of the Andes extending from to have seen the remains of cannibal feasts. They Caracas to the southeastern shores of Lake Mara- escaped with their lives by shooting a number of caibo, contains peaks reaching a height of 16,000 the natives. It is open to question whether the feet. There are cities such as Merida, situated tribe.referred to are cannibals, but the Guarhibos 5,415 feet above the sea with a mean temperature of the Upper Orinoco certainly are addicted to of 64 degrees. this habit.

This temperate zone produces the most active A census of Venezuela, taken by the writer, people of Venezuela, and the term "andino" is shows eleven missionary societies working in the synonymous with energy and enterprise. The republic, with a total of 103 workers (including basins of Lake Maracaibo and the River Orinoco wives)-68 foreign and 35 national. The popare the most fertile regions of the country, and ulation of the country is 2,411,952; thus we have produce all the fruits of the tropics; but the prev- one worker for each 23,417 people. However, of alence of malaria plays havoc with the white pop- the twenty States comprising the Venezuelan ulation. Union, eight, with a total population of 579,239, are still unoccupied by Protestant Missions. This Untouched Indian Tribes virgin territory, which includes strategic centres of the first importance, constitutes a challenge to Here are numerous tribes hardly touched by Evangelical leaders-as do also the Indian tribes. civilization, and vast unexplored regions awaiting their Humboldt and Livingstone. Around Lake The Bible Societies are to the fore in the evan- Maracaibo four distinct languages are spoken, and gelization of this field. The Roman Catholics do within a sixty-mile radius seven more. To the nothing whatsoever to provide the people with the west of the lake, reaching as far as Rio Hacha in Bible and copies of the Vulgate are not only ex- Colombia, is the territory of the powerful Guajira ceedingly scarce, but cannot be purchased for less tribe of Indians. They live in small villages made than $25. This sum puts them quite beyond the of round thatched huts, which at a distance look reach of the common people, who earn, on an like ant-hills. The floors inside the huts are ,cov- average, about $1.00 a day. The American and ered with grass on which sleep the inhabitants as British & Foreign Bible Societies in Venezuela well as their domestic animals. The men are have made the Bible one of the best-known books bright and strong, but more fond of fighting than in Venezuela. The circulation of the Scriptures of working. In warfare they use blowpipes with in the republic is not free from obstacles. Heavy darts dipped in the deadly curari poison. The duties have to be paid to get the books through women till the fields as well as attend to domestic the Custom House; then their distribution is duties. Their animistic religion consists of a be- strongly opposed by the Roman Catholic Church. lief in two great spirits, from which emanate good Moreover the Venezuelans are not a reading peoand evil. All nature-the forests, streams, rain, ple. However, there is one Book within the reach thunder, etc.-is believed possessed by these spir- of all, and many thousands of huts are scattered its. The Guajira tribe, about 60,000 strong, is throughout the country where the Bible is the only quite untouched by Evangelical missionary effort. book, and where it is read again and again until No book of the Bible has as yet been translated its pages almost fall out of the binding. We have into their language. Both men and women may rejoiced to see these Bibles, and their worn apbe seen in Maracaibo on market days, .clad in the pearance has made us think of homes in North blue and white garments they wear for contact America where the Bible is not read. Throughwith civilization. A certain number of Guajiros out the land may be found groups of Bible-readspeak Spanish, and a few are able to read. ers, formed by traveling colporteurs; what is now necessary is the systematic visitation of such Many other untouched Indian tribes live in this groups by missionaries with a view to forming little-known republic. Some time ago, while trav- churches. Much of the fruit of Bible work is lost eling in the state of Zulia, I came into contact with because the number of missioriaries is too few to the representative of an oil company who offered take advantage of the opportunities presented. me financial support and a house if I would under- The time would seem to have arrived when a fortake to civilize the Indians living near the com- ward movement would reap a mighty harvest as pany's concession. He complairied that they shot the result of years of patient sowing. arrows at his workmen from the security of the

A Christian Approach to the Moros *

By REV. FRANK C. LAUBACH, Ph.D., Dansalan, Lanao, Philippine Islands Missionary of the American Board EXPERIMENTS during the past eight years sing. If you try to rob people or beat them, it in a missionary approach to the Mohamme- makes you feel mean, but if you try to help them, dan Moros in the southern Philippines have it makes you happy; and so I have discovered attracted wide interest. that the happiest way to live is to help people.

The situation is easier than in many other Mo- When I get through teaching you, I want you to hammedan countries because Mohammedans here go out and teach other people. Don't take any are not, as a rule, very well grounded in Moham- money for it, and see if it does not make your medanism and because the Philippine government heart sing."

is increasing its pressure upon the Moros of this An agricultural nursery has been conducted to province to break with many old customs and reli- discover what crops succeed in this province; gious ideas. The result is that the people are what trees, vegetables, and grains are best adapt- changing rapidly. ed to the climate; and efforts have been made to The opportunity has been unusual. The actual teach the Moros lessons learned in this nursery.

number of people converted from Islam to Christ We have given away thousands of seeds-oranges, is not large, but we are exerting a decisive in- papayas, avocadoes, grapefruits, balsa, maholo, fluence upon the Moro people. many hundreds of bunches of spinach, Georgia Our approach has been attempted along two yam tops, and yawtia, for the Moros to plant lines-by service and through the study of Islam around their own homes. We have taught them and Christianity with the Moslems. how to bud their own orange trees, and are fur- nishing them with budded orange trees at fifty Lines of Service centavos each. We are also experimenting on our The first important service which we have at- own land with cinchona trees, mahogany, derris tempted is The Literacy Campaign.t Every week root, ramie (from which Chinese linen is made), our teachers are starting many people on the road vetiver (a native product which is the basis for to literacy. We have given away a hundred thou- the best perfumes), many varieties of other farm sand inexpensive primers. printed on cheap paper. and forest products. These we distribute through- This is not only making Lanao Province literate out the province as rapidly as they prove sucbut it is also making countless friends. When you cessful. sit down beside a man and patiently and lovingly help him to read, he is surpris.ed and asks you A dispensary, conducted by a nurse and her how you are going to be paid. Frequently he says, assistant, meets a great medical need, for this "Our own imams do not teach us unless we pay province is afflicted with all kinds of diseases them. Why are you doing it?" which follow ignorance and dirt. The commonest of these diseases are dysentery, tuberculosis, ma- This gives us our opportunity and we answer laria, beriberi, tropical ulcers, boils, and influenza. in some such fashion as this: There are a great many wounds, particularly on the feet, since most people are barefooted. Our "I have studied the lovely life of Nabi Isa dispensary gives nearly a thousand treatments a (Prophet Jesus) and found that every minute of month. At first only the Moro men were willing the day, from the time he arose in the morning to be treated, and many were afraid. No women until he went to sleep at night, he was helping came at first. Now both men and women come somebody – teaching, healing, defending, and with great eagerness, for they have learned that serving. Is that not the most beautiful way to they can be cured at very low cost. The average live? I have discovered that when you spend your time helping people, it makes your heart treatment costs five centavos (2112 cents gold).

There are many calls from women giving birth, • From a paper prepared for the International Missionary Con~ and other people who are too sick to come to the ference, Madras; December, 1938. dispensary.

t A complete description of this campaign is contained in "Towa"rd A library, with about three thousand books and a Literate World," by Dr. Frank. C.Laubach. 177 pp.$1.-75. Published by the Foreign Missions Conference. New York.

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some twenty-five magazines and newspapers, is I Would Be True-Waters Chambered Nautilus-Bry- much used by the young people-Christians and Things That Endure ant Moslems. Students in the pu1;>lic schools use this When I Have Time Prayer-Tennyson library constantly for reference. The soldiers The Human Touch Psalm 121 from the training camp frequently come to read Giving The Present Crises All You Have Loved To the Knights the papers, and magazines, and to borrow books, Trees-Kilmer First Corinthians o Maker of the Mighty Deep The Heart of the Eternal as do the other citizens of Dansalan. Frequently The Human Touch To a Waterfowl-Bryant the afternoons find the library crowded. Most of The Rainy Day He Leadeth Me the books have been sent by kind-hearted people Discovery This Is My Father's World in American churches. As a rule they send the Four Things The Psalm of Life-Tenny- books that are really of value and interesting. Salutation of the Dawn son An indispensable service is the printing press, Isaiah 55 which prints books, pamphlets and a fortnightly The Moro young men have been organized into newspaper called Lanao Progress. We have the what is known as the "Good Life Movement." This organization now has a membership of over only printing press in the Maranaw language. In- 130 men, including almost all the leading young Maranaws. The Movement has two main objecdeed until this press began, no Maranaw had ever tives: To develop character, and service.

been printed. Lanao Progress, in an editorial, described the purposes of the society as follows: There are many advantages in having a mo- It is impossible to exaggerate the possibilities of the nopoly upon the printing. Nothing has ever come "Good Life Movement" which was organized in Dansalan on August 7th, bya group of earnest young Maranaws. into print in this province that would not pass These young men, among the finest and most high-minded and respected in the province, are seeking to help one anthe most critical censorship. Whatever may be other to live THE GOOD LIFE, and to bring to bear pressure and persuasion upon all young men in Lanao to seek the said of reading in other countries, there is no good life with them. Their major emphasis is upon trust- worthiness, and loyalty to the government in every good doubt that the reading in Lanao Province is im- effort for Lanao. They resolve to be 'matitw' (straight) in every act and purpose;" 'isa isa' so honest in word that proving the people, as well as interesting them. nobody will doubt what they say; 'kusarigan' (trustwor- thy) in every detail of life. The books which interest Moros most are their own production; foreign translations are not good sellers. This experience is highly important.

In Africa, for example, one finds that nearly all books are written by foreigners and from the for- eign point of view. If the native Africans could be encouraged to write the type of literature that would be appreciated most by their own people, These young men are convinced, that when Christians and Moslems reach the highest levels a great new interest would develop in reading. of character they are very close together. The Moslem and Christian saints have the same loving We have two dormitories, one which takes care attitude toward their fellow men. The members of this society hold out the hand of cooperation of thirty-two young Moros who are attending the to all men who seek to live "The Good Life." They have found the principle elements of a noble charhigh school, and another for about an equal num- acter in both the Moslem and Christian religions. These are seven in number: ber of Christian and Moslem girls who are going to the public schools in Dansalan.

We spend nearly half an hour every morning in the dormitory with the Moro boys learning the finest poems and chapters from the Bible and Koran, and songs from our Christian song books.

A list of about eighty selections that these boys Seven Tests of Character learned in two years speak more eloquently than To abandon evil habits of thought and action. To be honest. any words. Here are a few: To be pure. To be unselfish. Sura I (Koran) Concerning Prayer To .be .loving. What to Forget To seek and obey the Will of God in every detail of life. Psalm 23 The Celestial-Surgeon To help their fellowmen to find THE GOOD LIFE. Psalm 1 The Lord's Prayer Life-Henry Van Dyke Psalm of Life This society has begun something which may The Loving Word From Age to Age echo around the world. C We know· of no place on Live and Help Live Be Strong-Babcock earth where Moslems and Christians have in this The Builder God Give Us Men definite way set out to cOrrie closer by becoming When in Disgrace Brotherhood better. Both Christians and Moslems have failed AbouBen Adhem If-Babcock – to live the highest life in which both profess to A Noble Deed believe, and the men and women seeking "The God's Promise Our God, Our Help in Ages Good Life" .really belong shoulder to shoulder. Love and Light Past Kind Words Awareness Straight and Tall Brotherhood My Prayer-Thoreau Philippines, Our Motherland The Pilgrim Way The Ways-Oxenham

A CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE MOROS

If they can show true love and courage and have has taken a great deal of interest in civic prob- faith to persist, this new movement may become lems, although as foreigners we have kept aloof the beginning of a new era in the history of Mos- from politics. No matter who are elected officials, lem-Christian relations. as a rule, they are eager to know what they can The First Sura of the Koran is as follows: do to enhance their popularity with the people.

In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful Some are always genuinely interested in the wel- Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds! fare of this country and welcome constructive The compassionate, the merciful! ideas.

King on the day for reckoning! Mutual Understanding Thee only do we worship, and to thee do we cry for help. Along with this program of social service goes Guide Thou us on the straight path, The path of those to whom Thou hast been gracious:- the effort to understand the Moros and to be With whom Thou art not angry, and who go not astray. understood by them. We have felt that the way "The Good Life Movement" has thus far en- to avoid mistakes is to study their literature and gaged in thirty-eight social efforts in Lanao, some their religion. If we understand them well enough of which are as follows: they will be more willing to understand us and to know that our ideas are not born of ignorance Complete the literacy campaign to make this province concerning them. 100% literate. 1. Appreciating Literature. – We discovered Hold meetings at which experts in agriculture, health, that the Moros have a really important literature. government, animal husbandry, metal craft, business and Most important are their fifty epic poems deother useful subjects may speak and answer questions.

Distribute seeds, vegetables, seedlings, graftings, and scribing the heroes of their ancestral home. We plant culture information throughout the province. have collected many of these epics, and have had them translated into English. The language of Encourage attendance at school. these epics is that of the ancient Moros and is Distribute literature about health, sanitation, and clean- no longer used, excepting in poetry. Besides the liness prepared by the Bureau of Health, the Red Cross, the Anti-tuberculosis Society, and our own and other presses. epics many lyric poems are composed by their best Promote games and wholesome social activities. singers. Each issue of our Lanao Progress con- Study the Boy Scout Manual and similar helpful books. tains one of these songs, most of the Moros sing Act as peacemakers among the Moros and between this lyric before they read anything else.

Moros and Christians.

Spread information about animal diseases and aid in 2. Appreciating Crattsmanship.-We have also endeavored to show our appreciation of the really their eradication. . fine work done by the gold, silver, and brass workers and other artisans. The best Moro houses Encourage vaccination. are decorated with beautiful Moro art and the Spread a knowledge of law and ordinance and advocate law observance.

Make a survey of. communities to find what are their chief needs. owners are delighted when they are appreciated. Improve the water supplies and introduce sanitary toi- In a contest held throughout all the schools of the Philippines the native art of Lanao won first lets. prize. This appreciation has had a most whole- Help to encourage native Moro arts and crafts. Join the crusade for world peace.

Encourage sick people to make use of doctors and hos- some effect upon the Maranaw people, and has pitals. Spread knowledge about modern agricultural imple- tied these Christians with new bonds of insepara- ble friendship. ments. 3. Appreciating Their Religion.-We have also Prepare to be worthy· leaders of this province.

Work for a tubercular sanitarium in Lanao. made a study of the Mohammedan religion as Begin new types of manufacturing in Dansalan to use practiced in this province. This led to the realiza- Moro products. ation that Mohammedans are not separated from us as far as we had supposed. Dr. James L. Bar- Work for improved housing conditions in this Province. ton's book "A Christian Approach to Islam" re- Study the resemblances of Christianity and Islam.

The service which consumes more time than vealed years ago that there is indeed a strikingly anything else is helping Moros out of trouble:…:.- large common ground. "Christendom and Islam"

those who are arrested or in prison; those who by Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, has also thrown are out of work; those who are oppressed; those light on the subject.

who are unable to read legal documents; students Every Sunday evening there is a united meet- who need financial help; enemies to be reconciled. ing of Moslem and Christian young people, about The list is almost without an end. Every day finds thirty to fifty of each religion, where they sing many people in need of some kind of personal at- Christian songs, repeat Christian and Moslem tention, and about half our time is devoted to this prayers, and recite the noblest religious and in- kind of service. spirational prose and poetry of all countries.

Working for civic improvements. Our Mission Some will say that we are covering up the er- "

rora of Mohammedanism and are therefore not anything they say or do. The mystics in any reli- true to all the facts. Our answer is that in the gion ought to represent the best in that religion, past there have been too many attempts to select for they seek to come closest to God.

facts which will prove that Islam is infinitely be- To match the greatest mystics of the Christian low Christianity. For centuries both Christians Church one can find Sufis who also had wonderful and Moslems have selected or invented statements experiences of God. .A Sufi woman, Rabia Al that tended to widen the gap and to whip up Adawiyya, of Basra, is said to have lived a life fanatical hatred between the two religions. Our of saintliness and fellowship with God, never exaim in Lanao has been to reveal the neglected ceeded among the Christian saints. When asked facts that will beget love. by several men to marry, she replied: "I have There is an exhilaration of enlargement and of ceased to exist and have passed out of myself. I discovering that many people whom we had sup- exist only in Him." She wrote these beautiful posed to be in the dark were much nearer the lines: "I have made Thee the companion of my truth than many people who profess but do not heart. My body is available for those who seek its live our own brand of religion. With this thrilling company and my body is free toward its guests, discovery comes also an enlarging conception of but the beloved of my heart is the guest of my God. soul." In our age who can deny that one great need of humanity is to heal the wounds of fear and false Dr. Margaret Smith points out that Mohammed propaganda and dislike that threaten to engulf himself derives most of his religion from the our civilization? Everywhere the healing balm is Christian sects of the Near East. His resorting needed in national, religious, racial and economic to a cave in Mount Hira was an imitation of the affairs: Love must be built upon understanding Christian monks whom he knew. Bowing and and a desire to appreciate whatever is lovely in others. prostration in prayer were in imitation of the ritual prayers of the Syrian Christians. Night When one sets out to heal the ancient wounds praying was taken from the Syrian monks who caused by Christians and Moslems, one soon read the Psalter twice between evening and mornmakes astonishing discoveries. We discover that ing. The fast of Ramadan was an imitation of the good Moros who are very loyal to their reli- the Christian hermits during Lent. His teaching gion are also very friendly toward us. about heaven and earth emphasizing fear was that of the Syrian Christian Church. Penitence, Our task now seems to be to persuade men and ascetism and self-discipline are certainly taken women of both religions to surrender themselves by Islam from the Christian Church. Alms-giving completely to the will of God, believing that as was also an imitation of the monks of Mohamthey seek more earnestly to do His will they will med's day. Other-worldliness, which is so strongcome closer together. ly emphasized among the mystics of Islam, is a i~gWferolemaruns.froFmortheexaMmoprloes while they are learn- Christian idea-"Lay not up treasures on this one cannot be in con- earth, but lay up treasures in heaven." * tact with Mohammedanism without feeling that Thus, in many ways, we are appreciating every- God is omnipotent, and that He is all-wise. The thing good in Lanao and in Islam, believing that the Moros will return our spirit by living our reword Islam, meaning "Will of God," stresses the ligion. This spirit of appreciation is reflected in the pages of Lanao Progress. Practically every side of religion which is under-emphasized in issue has some reference to Mohammedans who have revealed the Christian spirit. For example, most Christian communities. Here in Lanao, we an article on "Why Moslems Fast," includes the statement that the "Prophets before Mohammed, Christians, stimulated by that great slogan "The such as Jesus, Moses, Abraham (peace be on them all) were all acquainted with fasting." An- Will of God," are striving to give our lives to God other issue published the statement that the Mo- hammedans have four scriptures-Tauret (the aanneswi~ so that we will equal the best Mohammed- books of Moses); Zabur, (the Psalms); InjiI our desire to find and to do God's will.

The Moros have responded to this attempt to appreciate them, by attempting to appreciate Christianity. One hears from Moslems no word of dislike or opposition for our church and believe that we shall see a mass movement, in which an entire province will participate. This rapid shift- ing of ideals toward Christianity is the most sig- • There Is a long list of words used by Mohammed, not found In nificant event in Lanao today. the Arabic pagan religions, but borrowed from the Christianity of his day. From the Nestorlan Church Mohammed took, the word Dr. Margaret Smith, of Oxford, in her studies "Rahman" which means "merciful" and "munin," WhICh means on "Early Mysticism," found that mystics of Mo- "believers." From the Aramaic language he took the word for hammedanism and Christianity are in some cases "prayer" and for "glory be to God"; and from the Syrian he took so'close together that they cannot be identified by the word for "purify" and the words for "salvation" and "illumina- tion," "worship," "remembrance," and "repentance.'" The words for "Lord" and "divine" came from the Gospels. The list Is very long, and proves the close dependence of Mohammed upon the Christian people of Arabla.-F. C. L.

(the Gospels), and the Koran. Another article by The Koran did not, however, stress this point. It, howa leading Moro Christian insists that honesty is ever, gives light to the fact that in the course of Jesus' the will of God and that the dishonest man is a preaching He would make many enemies. However, the traitor both to God and his country. Koran gives light to the fact that he is a personification of love and humility. . . . Another issue prints the widely known Christian sermons of the General Chiang Kai-Shek and The Koran clearly states that Jesus will be raised to life. his wife, on "My religion." In the September 15 "And peace be on me on the day . . . I am raised to life." issue is the report of Stanley Jones' visit and ex- (19: 33.) This clearly shows that Jesus was raised to life cerpts from his speeches in Manila. Another issue after his death. But the details are not specified in the says that the one most important thing in the Book. world is to find the Will of God and that therefore everybody ought to go to church, because it is In spite of the differences of opinion about this great difficult to find God alone. Another issue tells the Teacher and Reformer, He is still revered both by the story of the life and death of Macaindeg Tataro, Christians and the Moslems-to the Christians as the Son the leading Mohammedan to became a Christian, of God, member of the Holy Family, and to the Moslems and points out his beautiful Christian life. as the Prophet, the Messiah, the Apostle, the religious Teacher, and Reformer and in a figurative language, sent The Moro people are responding by taking a by the Almighty "To look for the lost sheep of the Israelgenerous attitude toward Jesus Christ, as is illus- ites." trated in an article on "Jesus Christ in the Light of the Islam Religion," by Domocao AI. Alonto. In some of our Christian Sunday services the This Moro Moslem says, (in part) : entire congregation is asked to write ideas as to the proper approach to our Mohammedan neigh- Jesus Christ is revered not only in Christian nations, bors. Among the many suggestions which our but also in the Islam world. This may sound surprising to church members have offered are the following: an ordinary Christian who has not had a chance to study the Islam religion, or Mohammedanism, as it is commonly Study the likes and dislikes of the Moslems. Then pray known in the realm of her sister religion, but truly indeed that they may open their hearts to you and to God. Serve the Moslems revere Him too. and pray and praise, but do not try to condemn.

Jesus in the Moslem world is known by three different Attend the Mohammedan worship on Friday noon. Join names: Nabi Isa, Alaiki Salam, meaning "Prophet Jesus them in their fun and games with enthusiasm. Take them on whom be peace," Ibn-i-Maryam, the "Son of the Virgin on outings with you. Mary," and Al-Mashih, "the Messiah." The phrase Alaihi Salam means "On whom be peace," and this phrase is used Have more public programs jointly with them, including after the name of every prophet, from Adam to Moham- lectures on health, child welfare, cooking, and housekeepmed. All good Moslems never miss to use this phrase in ing. mentioning the name of Jesus. Never for a moment allow your mind to have any feel- One section of the Koran, Chapter 19, entitled "Mary," ing except brotherly love. Always keep in mind and say is devoted to His birth and His mission. According to and act the truth that we both worship the same God and this chapter, the story about His birth does not differ in are therefore brothers. many respects from the story in the Bible. "So she took a veil (to screen herself) from them; then we sent to Let the church support a Moro pensionado. Have a Her Gabriel, and there appeared to her a well-made man." recreation center for Moros and Christians together. Have She said, "I fly for refuge to the Beneficent God, if thou a convention of Christian and Moslem priests. fearest Him be-gone from me." He said, "I am only a bringer of a message from thy God that I will give thee Open dormitories for Moro boys and girls of all ages a holy Son." (19: 18-19.) This verse in the Holy Koran so that they can go to school. Have Christian children in gives light on the birth of Jesus. . . . Mary was sur- these dormitories too. Parents will be impressed if we prised for no human hand had yet touched her. She said: have the children live together, play together, and learn "How shall I have a son and no mortal hand has yet together. touched me, have I not been pure?" (19: 20). But the man told her that God, the Creator, can create anything out Let the Christians study the Moro language well. Then of nothing. He said: "Even so, thy Lord says: 'Easy go to the houses and have friendly talks about our reis this with me:' and we will make him a sign to man- ligion and theirs. kind, and a mercy from us." (19: 21.) This is the way Mary received the message in the light of the Holy Koran. Urge every Christian to apply the Golden Rule. Fair, . . . In this point the Christian principle differs. While honest treatment will attract them to the Christian way. in the light of the Islam teaching Jesus is only a prophet raised by the Almighty, the Christian teachings consider United prayers for the propagation of the Gospel among Him as being the Son of God, or the Personification of Him. . . . the Moros. Preach Christ to them without fear or re- Jesus Christ in the light of the Moslem religion is a serve. Plant the seed and let the HoJy Spirit do the rest. Messiah, an Apostle. "The Messiah, so~ of Mary, is no more than an apostle, the apostles before him have indeed Praise be His name! . passed away . . ." (5: 75). He is a great Teacher, a religious reformer. He preached His gospel with love. Work for education of old and young alike, for this is the great hope.

" Encourage the comparative reading of the Bible and the Koran.

Have our new church building look like a mosque. Ask the Moros to worship there when they wish.

Put the Bible in the public schools and let them learn.

Hammer away at the fact that they and we are wor- shipping one God, for they think Christians have a differ- ent God.

Send students away from the province to Silliman Uni- versity, so that they will have courses in the Bible.

Sumatra-·A Miracle of

By MRS. LEE S. HUIZENGA, Shanghai, China Missionary of the Reformed Church, U. S. A.

A FEW years ago we made a trip to the island noticed a remarkable change in the whole outlook of Sumatra while my husband was inspect- of the people. They were friendly. They were ing Christian leprosaria. Today as Dr. better farmers, their homes were more private for Huizenga baptized three lepers in Shanghai, I they had individual homes; their children were thought of the hundreds of lepers in various parts better dressed and clean; schools and churches of the world who have found the Lord in lepro- dotted the area, and there was even a Christian saria. Sumatra has many such. leper hospital. Their cemeteries also showed a Sumatra is one of the largest islands of the marked difference over the burying grounds of their neighbors in the highlands. Dutch East India. Its rich natural resources are largely untouched. It has also wonderful rubber, What was the cause of this transformation? It cocoanut and tea plantations. Each year many was the Gospel of Christ. In about two generatourists and people from India and the Federated tions this change has taken place. We found that Malay States spend their vacation here to take a missionary, D. Ludwig J. Nommensen, had come advantage of the delightful climate on this island. to Sumatra in 1862 as the first missionary. This ·"Apostle to the Batakkers," as he is called, worked In the center of Sumatra is the large and beau- among them until in his. 84th year and died on the tiful Toba Lake, and in this lake lies Samosir 23rd of May, 1918. Because he lived there, Suisland upon which heathendom is still practically matra has been changed. untouched by Christian influence. A missionary of the Rhenish Mission carries on the Gospel work When Nommensen came to Sumatra there were all alone in this isolated place with a few converts, practically no Christians on the island, when he surrounded by overwhelming heathen influences. died there were over 180,000 baptized Believers in Christ in the Toba Lake district. Today there Seventy years ago the island of Sumatra was all are in the Bataklands 510 schools with 32',700 heathen, like this lonely spot. Then most of the pupils, all receiving Christian instruction. There Batakkers, the native tribe of Sumatra, were are 788 teachers, and 2,200 elders in the Batak head-hunters and many were cannibals. Now church. The whole countryside is dotted with great changes have taken place. churches and schools. Nearly one-half million Ba- takkers are under the influence of Christ and tre- One of the greatest surprises we met was in mendous changes take place in home, social and the highlands of Sumatra. We had been traveling political life. for hours through mountains and jungle and had seen no signs of Christianity. On every side we Nommensen was original; he had great foresaw natives living in their filthy homes; their chil- sight, tremendous power and high ideals. His dren playing about naked. We saw the large fellow-workers found that for sympathetic and Batak house in which several families live to- constructive work it was desirable to fall in line gether in community style, each family occupying with him; and they did. a small part of the house. There were no windows in the houses and the air was almost unbearable Another outstanding feature in Nommensen's from the heat and smoke of fires used for cooking life was his devotion to His Lord. Honors were food. Here large families were raised and such piled upon him, but he refused to speak of them. conditions have existed for generations. When the Said he, "These honors are of little importance to boys reach the age of puberty they are isolated me; they give no real joy. Nothing should cap- from the rest of the family and are compelled to tivate my heart that is earth-born. I am only a live together in bachelor's quarters. poor sinner who desires to be saved by the ramson of Christ." Other villages, with a much poorer class of pagans, showed a very inferior type of building, As we saw the wonderful work of grace among although the social customs were very much the these ignorant heathen of two generations ago, we same. There were no schools for the boys and dedicated ourselves anew to the Lord's service, girls.. desiring to spend and be spent for his service. It We went on to the Toba Lake region and there is "not in vain in the Lord."

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Bands in War,Torn

i -e{ By REV. ANDREW GIH, Bethel Mission, Hongkong 1)Be- I T WAS a summers night and the moon shone were bombed there was no raid when we were brightly. We were in Kuling up among the preaching in any particular city. In Chenghsien hills where the famous Summer Bible Confer- the church leaders thought at first that we could ences are held – a sort of "Chinese Keswick." not have any night meetings because the electric Many missionaries and Chinese workers usually lights might be put off at any time. But we used come together here for spiritual refreshing· and gas light and the church was crowded night after for preparation for work. night. A number accepted Christ and on the last I was preaching in the Union Church when we Sunday morning fifteen converts were baptized.

heard the first air-alarm. It was a clear, striking Bombs and Busses sound, and a sudden feeling of fear, inexpressible, came over the people. The thought came over me Early Monday morning I went to the bus sta- of the uncertainty of life and that all ought to tion to leave for our next stopping place. The bus make sure of their soul's salvation. I made the was already crowded but I managed to get a seat.

appeal and about four or five responded. After About two hours after we left the city we heard that we scattered and a few of us sat on the rocks that it had been bombed. After I had made half under the trees while the Japanese bombing planes the journey I had to change to another bus across raided the province. We prayed that God would the river. This bus was over-crowded and I could protect us and deliver us from awful destruction. not persuade the conductor to take me. Several Soon after "all clear" was sounded; our hearts hundred people would be waiting for me at my were filled with gratitude that the planes, which next meeting place and if I missed the bus I had had been coming toward us, had changed their no way of getting there in time. I was left behind direction. but reminded the Lord that I had prayed that I Early one morning without any warning we might be at the meetings that night. It was early • saw three planes flying toward us, away up in in the afternoon and I was hungry so I went to the sky. At first we thought they were Chinese buy a bowl of rice. While I was eating, the sta- planes. But God knew they were not; suddenly tion master sent to tell me that a second bus was thick clouds covered the whole residential area, going and that I could go on it. That certainly and we could hear the whirr of the planes over was an answer to prayer. I was only about half our heads. It was reported later that a factory an hour late for the meeting. We filled all our had been bombed about ten miles distant and sev- engagements except one in a city that had been eral people were killed or wounded. bombed too often so that the people had left for Four of us from Bethel were at Kuling and it the country. Liling was bombed just before our was a joy to see Christian workers with a sense meetings and we thought that the people would of the reality and nearness of Christ, going out to not come out; but the Lord did a wonderful thing face difficulties and dangers. Some were soon to and night after night the big church was so face this awful war in their districts. We may crowded that we had to preach to the children first never see them again on this earth but we thank and then send them away to make room for the God that they received a blessing at Kuling. adults. We had to tell late-comers to come the Our way back to Shanghai being cut off, we next evening for many were already standing in decided, after much prayer, to go to Hunan Prov- the aisles. About one third of the people in the ince for evangelistic meetings. That was last Sep- city attended these meetings. Every convert re- tember. Fortunately we bought our tickets to go ceived a Gospel copy and during that week more by a British boat up the Yangtze to Hankow than twelve hundred copies were given out.

where we could take the train to Hunan. The The Rev. Frank Ling, who was leader of an- ship was so crowded that we were compelled to other Bethel Band which worked in Kweichow sleep on the deck, packed together like sardines. Province writes that going through these moun- The Lord wonderfully led us. We spent four tainous districts if there were not busses they had months holding evangelistic meetings in different to ride in chairs. In one city there was only one cities and although many places in the province chair and one of the two chair-bearers was unable [37]

to carry. So Mr. Ling and Mr. Yang had to walk begotten Son to die for their sins. As we travel and to climb up the hills. Many times they had to from place to place we never meet Christians who stop on the roadside to pray for strength.. After feel bitter toward Japan but they pray that peace the first day they were so tired when they reached and order may be restored. I pray that God will the small village that they hunted for a hotel to grant righteousness and justice in the Far East.

spend the night. There were only three rooms- Japan and China have so much in common that one of which was for cows and pigs. One room they ought to live in peace as neighbors. May offered for their sleeping room was so dark and God grant that these two nations may come to filthy that they could not sleep there so they went understand each other.

out to the guest room. Here they found no bed One of the Chinese Christians, Mr. Ernest Yin, but some empty coffins and coffin lids. Spreading the Provincial Minister of Finance for Hunan, their bedding on the coffins they went to sleep. wrote a letter requesting Christians in China and Mr. Ling said to his friend, "Weare not dead yet, all over the world to observe a day of prayer on but we are tasting death !" Christ had not where behalf of China. He wrote: to lay his head, but they had a coffin. That night I am writing you on a very urgent matter that the Lord they slept very soundly, not even conscious that has laid upon my heart, and one that I am sure to which they were sleeping so near to the cows and pigs. you too have given great consideration. It is the matter of prayer. On the third day they lost their way going by a small footpath through thick woods. They in- It is nearly one year since the war started in China and quired the way several times and at last found the at present it looks as if it will be a long drawn out conflict. The awful destruction and great loss of so many innocent main road. In some places they could not buy lives weighs me down with grief. I am burdened to know anything to eat-not even eggs. Mr. Ling finally what we Christians should do. I know of only one thing was able to buy some rice-porridge but the next we do and that is to pray. day he had dysentery as a result of eating it. The Lord has laid it on my heart to suggest to a few friends that as a group we might suggest a Day of Prayer There were many difficulties in traveling. One for Christians in China and in foreign lands. Can we not stand unitedly in definite prayer that God will bring about day the bus in which he was riding got out of a speedy and righteous settlement to this awful conflict? order along the hilly roads. The driver was not a mechanic and he could not repair it. There was I realize that we in China, whether engaged in Governno other bus going that way so the passengers got ment service or in any other pursuits have grievously sinned against God. But I believe that if we humble our- out and walked to the nearest village to find selves and call upon the Lord He will hear us and save us. lodging. Mr. Ling felt too weak to walk so was Therefore I believe it will be pleasing to Him if we set left behind and slept in the bus that night with apart a Day of Prayer. I suggest September 4th, or even the driver. They could see the hungry wolves on an earlier date for this purpose. the hilltops, but God protected them and they slept well. This mission band traveled four thou- In an address by Madame Chiang Kai-Shek at. Hankow, s.he says: sand miles; they walked on foot four days, rode The Generalissimo and I feel that no words we could in chairs for eleven days and held over sixty meet- speak could sufficiently express our debt of gratitude to ings. with definite conversions. the missionary body all over China who have been a help to the distressed and the best of friends, to hundreds of A Glorious Revival thousands of refugees. You may remember a few years ago it was quite the fashion to decry missionary efforts. Another Bethel Band in Kwangsi Province re- There was even a commission sent from America to inves- ported glorious revivals and many cried to the tigate mission work because there was a general feeling that missionary efforts had been a failure. There were Lord for salvation. Kwangsi has been most strict also people who asked where were the successors of Livin the conscription of law and that province alone ingstone, Morrison and others? Is the missionary spirit has furnished the Government with about half a dead? If we are really impartial and look around us and million men. The Christian Missionary Alliance take an impartial view of what has happened in the last Bible School there was emptied of young men. A nine months I :would say their successors are right here! military officer came to meetings one night and Everyone of the missionaries possesses the same valour was converted so that the next day he brought his whole family and urged them to accept Jesus and the same undaunted spirit that the missionaries of old had. I would go a step farther. When we picture old Dr. Morrison in a sanpan with his Chinese teacher, work- Christ as their Saviour. He wanted to be sure ing under the heat of the tropical sun on the translation of the Bible into Chinese, while edicts from the Emperor that he might meet his loved ones in Heaven. had been issued against him, we think of that as being Certainly hearts are hungry all over China. We very heroic. But when we think of what the missionaries have done during the last nine months, I would say that would like to send out more young men to bring these missionaries have not been one whit less heroic. . . • the message of God's love and salvation to the sin- ·stricken, broken hearts. The refugees now num- Coming back from the war it was the missionaries who ber 100,000,000 and many have lost all their visualized the need of refugee zones and saved hundreds of thousands of people, men, women and children. Here earthly possessions. They need to know the One in Hankow you have started refugee camps and your In- who loves and cares for them, who gave His only . ternational Red Cross Committee has organized help for

CHRISTIAN BANDS IN WAR-TORN CHINA

our wounded soldiers. In Kaifeng they have well-organ- more. We are planning to send a group of workized plans for establishing a refugee zone whenever the, ers, headed by Rev. Frank Ling, to start a large need arises. From all over China come reports of work orphanage in Tuhshan, Kweichow. The China like this. Those of you who are here now have done so Inland Mission has kindly offered property there much for our people! We do appreciate it. for this purpose. Remember us in your prayer. Since the loss of our mission property in Shang- These quotations show the general feeling hai the Bethel Mission is branching out. We have among the Christians in China. They feel guilty now one hospital in the French Concession 'in before God and realize their own helplessness. Shanghai and another was opened last May to take They pray for forgiveness and depend on God and care of the war babies. The Gospel Hall work has His mercy. Throughout China people are also been re-opened in Shanghai. In Hongkong we very grateful to the foreign missionaries. It is have over fifty promising young men and' young time for the Christian churches all over the world to stir themselves to relieve the suffering and to women in our Bible School. The Orphanage here preach the Gospel in our distressed land. We be- receives new children almost every week. Opporlieve that we have unprecedented opportunities tunities for preaching are wonderful. We lost our before us. press but the printing department is stilI going on, and we have printed Dr. R. E. Neighbour's As for the war orphan question: Madame Chiang Kai-shek in her letter to me says: book, "Victorious Living," Dr. Oswald Smith's on "The Revival We Need," and Dr. Walter Wilson's I am exceedingly glad that your mission feels that it "Miracles in a Doctor's Life." Tens of thousands will be possible for you to take care of fifty war orphans. of tracts and a monthly magazine in Chinese are There are so many tens of thousands of these destitute, also printed on our press. And now the Bethel homeless little ones, that anything we can do to better Bands will again be sent to the needy fields. ' The their lot is only a drop in the bucket. Yet, it is incumbent need is great, but our God is greater. Pray that upon us as Chinese, and as Christians, to do all that we much blessing may accompany our efforts to bring can on their behalf. about the greater things, for His Kingdom.

The fifty war orphans are already cared for by the mission in Hongkong and there are thousands MOVING DAY IN A CANTON HOSPITAL Mrs. Theodore D. Stevenson (Beatrice Scott), an American missionary in Canton, sends this interesting account of moving into their new hospital before it was bombed by the Japanese.

"Char-women, with beaming smiles, carried heavy pails of water and scrubbed all day long and far into the night-and if they dropped an occasional cleaning rag down the new drains and flooded a floor or two, it was with the best of intentions and only because they had never met proper plumbing before. The gardeners left their beloved pots of chrysanthemums (an unusual thing) and moved heavy cupboards hither and yon. The hospital carpenter stayed up until the wee, small hours adding last minute touches to the furniture. Even the nurses lent a hand and voluntarily cleaned windows (a very 'face-losing' business for nurses).

"Downstairs the doctors were adding finis.hing touches to their smart new offices and examining rooms, and seeing to it that the ferns and blackwood furniture in the adjoining waiting room were placed in conventionally staff attitudes. Carpenters hammered; electricians installed and blew out fuses with equally cheerful rapidity; the telephone company put in a local dial system which everyone must stop their work to tryout; the elevator men (who were being paid by the day and therefor,e did not share the general enthusiasm for accomplishment) reluctantly put their final screws in place; the kitchen staff, proud in their new aprons, triumphantly served up the first meal; the first baby was born in the new delivery room.

"And then, unbelievably, we were in; all the wheels were in motion. "Best of all, this new efficiency is for everyone. The public wards and private rooms with bath are equally attractive and convenient-same curtains and spreads, same electric fixtures, same devoted nursing care, and the same chance to hear about Christ, the Life. "One patient remarked: 'We like your hospital because it is so clean,' by which she meant new, empty of the evil spirits that lurk in dead corpses. We hope it is 'clean' in that very sense-purged of the evil spirits of superstition, ignorance, callousness, pain-and that its example will count for good in this community and city and country."

A Revival in Angola, West

By MAURICE E. PARSONS, Elisabethville, Belgian Congo A REVIVAL has been sweeping over the An- such a vision of the havoc his unforgiving spirit gola Mission field for more than a year. was working among his people, that he could not The leader of the Methodist Conference, stay in bed. Hastening to the river, he got into evangelist Joaquim Bernardo, received a genuine his canoe and paddled the 20 miles to the village baptism of the Holy Spirit about four years ago. of the other pastor. There he poured out a con- This changed him from a shifting, uncertain, in- fession of his own wrongness and besought foreffective preacher into a man aflame with a pas- giveness. This completely broke the other, and sion for souls, mightily empowered in prayer and he in turn, with tears and sobs, took the blame. preaching so that he is greatly used in winning Peace flooded their souls. souls. One of his Spirit-filled workers is a grandmother who has been called "the bride" because Together they returned to the scene of the speshe walks very slowly as do African brides in cial meetings and after they told their story it going to the weddings. In trudging from village was not long before there were outpourings of the to village to pray with needy souls at these revival Spirit. Darkness was changed to light; blindness meetings, her aged feet have become so sore that to sight; sorrow to joy; and strife to peace. Folshe can hardly walk; and yet she keeps on with lowing this revival most of the people of the vilher work for God. lage went to the second village and paved the way for a revival there by asking pardon for past atti- This corps of workers began meetings in one tudes and actions, and then joined in singing, village and after several days the people still sat praying and rejoicing with their friends. They stolidly as the invitations were given. There was spent a week in winning victories in heart and no spirit of prayer or revival. What was the life through the power of the Spirit. Individual matter? It was discovered that the local pastor hearts had been made right, and there was marand another had become jealous of each other and velous "peace on earth among men of good will," neither would budge toward confessing and ask- because there was born in Bethlehem One whose ing forgiveness. This attitude of the pastors had name is not only "The Prince of Peace," but also spread to their people so that there was animosity "Jesus" "for He shall save His people from their between the two villages. sins."

Joaquim Bernardo and the others were pray- I have met many such examples of the grace ing that God's Spirit might break through. Fi- and power of God in my two years in Africa. nally one night there came to the pastor a great There are whitened fields in which there are few conviction of his own sinfulness and pride and laborers.

White Fields in Rhodesia By BISHOP JOHN McKENDREE SPRINGER, Umtala, Southern Rhodesia Bishop for Africa of the Methodist Episcopal Church "BEHOLD ye among, the heathen, and regard engaged in service as class leaders, stewards, and wonder marvelously." As we shuttle nurses and foremen, and hundreds as capable back and forth across Central Africa be- teachers, evangelists, and ministers. Truly God tween the Atlantic and Indian Oceans for the con- is working "a work in your time which you will ferences, visiting stations and seeing some work not believe though it be told you." This is as true of other societies and touching a camp meeting in 1938 A. D. as it was in Habakkuk's time. now and then, we are thrilled to see the thousands This year we attended seven conferences, two of joy-lit faces and to note the transformed lives. of which were interdenominational. The first was Large numbers of African Christians are actively the 60th anniversary of Protestant Missions in [40 ]

THE GOSPEL THE CITY NEEDS

the Congo and was held at Leopoldville. Two hun- definitely building up one Church-"The Church dred and forty native delegates. from eighteen dif- of Christ in Congo." ferent tribes gathered for the first conference of . Next came the All-Angola Conference held at the Congo Methodist Church, which preceded the Chilesso. For this forty-one missionaries and naconference of missionaries. Most of these people tives were present from nine different societies. understood one of the three native languages used: The president, citing the intensive practice of Kikongo, Lingala or Kiluba. Many of them also athletes, musicians anil others, gave new content understood French, which was used in some of to the words of Paul to Timothy to "exercise thythe sessions. self unto Godliness." Considering that in this Col- ony, as in the Congo, there is intense opposition In addition, three hundred natives, trained for on the part of Roman Catholics to Protestant Misthe choir, had been assembled from these tribes, sions, this became very appropriately a dominant and their voices blended beautifully. The cloth note in the Conference. for their vestments was given by the textile company which, from cotton grown in the Colony, Preceding each of our five Annual Methodist weaves 60% of the calico used in the Congo; and Conferences we had a three days' Retreat. ,a tailoring firm made them up free of cost. Many local firms donated food and gave other help to The revival in Angola, reported a year ago, has this Native Christian Conference. continued through the year. Over a thousand have professed conversion to. Christ. The day A pageant was given in a natural amphitheater after the Angola Conference closed, John Webba, on the west bank of Stanley Pool, a lake-like the senior minister of the Conference, entered widening of the mighty Congo, near the very spot into his rest. Webba assured his sorrowing wife where the first missionary, Bentley, landed sixty that God was taking him "Home" and that he was years ago to build his station among the wildest not afraid, and that the heavenly Father would of savages. This landing was depicted in one care for her and the children. He left five sons, episode. Other scenes portrayed the way in which all in Christian work, including an eider and a the Government had put an end to s},ave trading, deacon. As a boy, this prince of the Kingdom had and showed how medical missions are routing the been considered by his heathen chief as worth old-time witch doctor. There were seats for 5,000, merely the price of four razor-back pigs, and had but the demand was such that the performance been given as payment for a fine in lieu of the had to be repeated on the next day. The highest porkers. Government officials attended and were greatly pleased. On the closing Sunday of the Native The Congo Conference was held at Sandoa, and Conference vast congregations joined in services over 800 partook of the Communio.n, though it was in the three languages.. only sixteen years since the Brintons cleared a place in which to build the grass huts in which In the Missionary Conference one hundred and they had to live all through the first rainy season. twenty-six delegates from twenty-two Protestant Talk of miracles! When we saw the congregation societies spent eight days in fellowship, prayer of some 2,000 Christians assembled at the Church and the discussion of problems and policy. In that first Sunday and thought of the other thouthe Congo there is the fullest comity in the Prot- sands throughout the circuit, where there had not estant group, all working as though united in one been more than a dozen Christians sixteen years society, joyfully acknowledging one Lord, and ago, our hearts sang the Hallelujah Chorus.

The Gospel the City Needs By A. SCOTT, New York* "For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world; Christ died for the ungodly. Through Him lies and .this is the victory that overcometh the world, even individual salvation as well as the one effective our faith." remedy for the social ills of the day but even the most consecrated of Christians are prone to wan- T HE city needs the Gospel of Christ. It is der into concern over prison conditions and their obviously true that there is no spiritual need reforms, conditions in the so..called slum areas, of one class of society greater than that of temperance, the motion-picture evils, war and another class. The crying need of the day in peace, and many varieties and shades of modern which we live is a reproclaiming of the Gospel of political and economic philosophy. The ills of the Christ to all men everywhere. body social are many and, while true, none of • Brought to Christ In the McAuley Cremorne MisSion.

them are according to the Will of God. Christians since been washed from the sands of Galilee's energetically spend time tilting at these wind- shore, Jesus Christ of Nazareth. mills, all the while failing to realize the full significance of our Lord's words, "Ye must be born There are citizens other than Christians, who again." For is it not only through that which is are concerned with the ills of the day, as is eviborn of the spirit that the day of social regenera- denced by a trend in civic thought. The differtion will ever be possible? Meanwhile we mis- ence existing between those others and the Christake gpod causes for the one good cause-the re- tian lies in the remedy proposed for application. demption of humanity by everlastinglyproclaim~ The civic forum is no longer a platform from ing the everlasting Gospel of the Son of God. which are heard the words of the wise; no longer the nations press, nor again the voice of the radio, Are there fOI1ces of evil abroad in the city? Are but the thinking processes of the entire people is there spectres of poverty, greed, lust, crime, vice, gravely concerned with the welfare of society. pleasure seeking to the exclusion of all else, and Within' itself economically distressed, politically the s·pectres of moral looseness and laxity to be disturbed, morally retrogressed and s,piritually seen on every hand? Can the aim of the Chris- decadent, the nation derives but little comfort tian, of the mission or the "up-town" church, be from events beyond its borders. All over the anything other than to point to the Christ of Calvary as the remedy for all that is contrary to the world there exists a state of near-chaos needing will of God? Can the substance of any Gospel but little to become chao3 in the absolute. The that is to save humanity from itself be anything present lies shrouded in doubt, while the future other than the sacrificial death of Him who said, is darkened by fear. And yet, for this nation and "I am the way, the truth, and the life"? On what those beyond our borders, there is a way out; it is the road back to God and back to a reverence is emphasis to be placed other than on the human for the things properly to be reverenced. The need for its one and only Saviour? The Gospel road back is the road leading forward whereon lies the realization that man's will cannot run the city needs is today that old, old story, first contrary to the Will of God. proclaimed by Him whose footprints have long DILEMMAS MUST BE FACED IN CHINA Christian forces in China are realizing that war brings moral problems, by-products, as well as those that have to do with refugees, evacuation and the like. One of them is the opium traffic. One earnest layman advised silence regarding opium, lest embarrassment be caused the central government, which, he said, was largely dependent on opium revenue for carrying on the war; but those in a position to know say that Chiang Kai-shek has been and is uncom- promising in his efforts to suppress the cultivation of the poppy even at the expense of amaz- ingly large revenues. It is in the areas occupied by Japanese that the traffic is flourishing, and if there is to be a fight against this evil it must be by Christian forces that remain there.

Another problem concerns the choice of silence, or defiance in connection with preaching.

Occasionally, warnings are given against proclaiming any doctrine of God that might be in- terpreted as a slight ag.ainst the emperor. There has even been a suggestion from high mis- sion circles that certain publicity material prepared for the Madras Conference which indi- cated that body's intention to exalt the supremacy of God above any state authority might make it more difficult to secure the attendance of the delegations from one or another totali- tarian state. Some missionary leaders in China have begun to realize that the carrying on of church work in conquered territory does not insure freedom from that kind of problem.

A third quandary has to do with the use of a foreign flag, for more than once mission- aries have been asked to lend their national flag to protect a chur.ch or school which legally belongs to the Chinese; and still anoth.er question is that of sale of property to the Japanese.

Shanghai offers an illustration. Under pressll:re from Washington the Japanese agreed to re- turn the property of the University of Shanghai, which they had occupied since last autumn.

But they specified that it should not be used either as a Chinese school or as a residence for for- eign missionaries. Also they refused to issue passes to the missionaries or university represen- tatives to traverse the roads leading to the campus. Negotiations led to the suggestion that the Japanese purchase the buildings and grounds. But Chinese faculty members, and Board of Managers, to a man, rejected the proposition. They would rather be without a college than accept even the huge sum suggested. -Christian Century.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. lVlcGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE., INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA A Solo in Costume more familiar to your group, but can add so much to your year's be sure that the mood of the study. It is true that a wide- The hymn which follows is one music interprets suitably the awake committee can find out written for use in the Leonard emotion of the hymn. many things from many sources Theological College in Jubbul- and do without the book, but it pore, Central Provinces, India. Marbled Halls of Ancient is also true that many a commit- It may be sung to anyone of Kingdoms tee will have neither the time several tunes which are noted nor the sources of information; below. Marbled halls of ancient kingdoms, and that many another commit- Mighty empires passed away, tee has to choose between find- Have this sung as a solo with ing out and putting into effect. the singer in the costume of In- Baffled lore and mystic longing, You handicap your committee by dia. Introduce the solo with the Join the cry for life today. failing to put into their hands information about its origin. the result of much research Suggest that in this and other Open is the door effectual, which, in a pamphlet like this, hymns of aspiration we join See the multitudes that yearn, concentrates ideas and materials with Christian friends in India which have taken weeks to get in feeling that only through Reaching up from crushed existence, together. Give your committee Christ can that beloved country 'Tis for life their hearts do burn. this tool and then expect good find the true Way of Life. use to be made of it. It will re- "Show us Jesus!" Hear the cry of sult in much more effective work Use it again in some program Multitudes in thronging mart! on their part. on India given for the whole church, with the same introduc- Send us, Lord, our Pentecost to A Book Dinner tion. Bear the Cross to India's Heart! We might take a hint from a If you wish instead to have the Forth there goes the weary pilgrim sorority group in Illinois. They missionary society use it as a Seeking peace in lotus shrines; needed books for their library. hymn during their India study, Each girl was asked to bring ask your choir director to help Though the proffered ways are legion, back in the fall a book she had choose that tune for it which will Still the heart of India pines. enjoyed during the summer. The best lend itself to congregational chapter then had a book dinner. singing. Then have a time when Christ the livin~ way we offer, They used the books brought, as it is learned. This should not be High we hold His Cross of love, centerpieces. For after-dinner a part of the devotional period, speeches, each girl told why she but the devotional period may Joyfully we join in service, liked the book she had contribwell be shortened occasionally to Build we beauty -from above. uted. A Fall, or New Year's insert in the program a five- or Book Dinner might launch our ten-minute "learning period" "Show us Jesus!" Hear the cry of groups in some very worth-while when new hymns such as this Multitudes in thronging mart! reading. Even if only a very are learned. If you give time few books are donated the interto learning it, be sure it is used Send us, Lord, our Pentecost to est created in them will secure frequently enough thereafter to Bear the Cross to India's Heart! their effective use. Write the warrant the time thus spent. name of the donor in the front "E'er abide in me," says Jesus, of each book and lightly paste in The tune to which this is some- "Would ye fruits of Spirit bear," a slip of paper on which each one times sung is "Clem." These who reads the book may put her other tunes are good-"Panoply Yea, abide in us, we ~ray Thee, name. of Light"; "Feliciter"; and for Grant us power to do and dare. congregational use "Hymn to Stimulate Reading Joy." The last named requires So, we pledge Thee who hast called us, the repetition of the third and In one fellowship sublime, A meeting often ends early or fourth lines of music, sung very someone who was to have been softly, for the refrain. Other All we are in glad abandon, tunes in the same meter may be Make us prophets of our time.

"Show us Jesus!" Hear the cry of Multitudes in thronging mart!

Send us, Lord, our Pentecost to Bear the Cross to India's Heart!

-C. Stanley Thoburn.

Help Your Social Committee In studying a foreign country like India, it is only fair to your social committee to give them some help in their planning. Twenty-five cents will bring you "Fun and Festival from India," which contains many ideas for decorating, for music, for menus, and for all that local color which [43 ]

on the program unexpectedly The business women came di- ful and clear-cut presentations fails. One organization has a rect to the church from their by people able to speak with aulibrary committee whose mem- offices, those arriving early hav- thority. bers are always prepared with ing time to enj oy a bit of visitone or more book reviews. Just ing. Those for whom the trip We cite this case, not as one a word from the leader in an was longer, or who were free to be copied, but as an example aside, and a delightful and stim- later, arrived just in time for of a church ready to find a way ulating book review appears on to give its business and profesthe program as if it had been the meal. sional women the missionary planned as a part of it. Since At six-thirty the supper was education they needed and these reviews never increase the wanted at a time and in a way usual length of the meeting they over and tables were cleared. which could enlist the greatest are always enjoyed and do much The program lasted from six- number. to increase the reading-desires of the members. thirty to a quarter to eight. The To insist on old forms of or- business was brief and efficiently ganization – on ancient times Burma Comes to Iowa planned; devotionals were mean- and places and ways of meeting ingful but short; and talks or is to hamper the cause. Find the At a young people's rally in addresses were planned to take problems facing a group in con- Sheffield, Iowa, the Saturday an exact period. At 7: 45 the nection with their meeting for night dinner took the form of a benediction was pronounced, so missionary education. Discover Burmese scene in which the that any member with an eve- the type of work which will chalposts of the room simulated ning engagement was free to go. lenge them. Arrange a way of palm trees, the menu cards were getting together which will be in the shape of pagodas and the At times the church was de- both convenient and effective. menu written in Karen. Peanuts serted by eight o'clock except for Then keep the conditions inand sweets were served in cocoa- the woman employed to wash violate. nut shells. The pastor, his wife dishes. At other times a group and their children (formerly lingered for an hour or more, Use Dolls for Publicity missionaries in Burma) were enjoying each other's comments dressed in Karen costume and –or, just "visiting." Occasion- The W 0 men's Missionary sang, "Jesus Loves Me," in that ally an interesting speaker held Friend (October, 1938) carries tongue. On the long table was a sort of post-session as thought- an advertisement by Mrs. Elsie constructed a Burmese village provoking as the address. But Clark Krug, 2'227 St. Paul replete wit h thatched – roof this rose out of circumstances Street, Baltimore, Maryland, houses on stilts, groups of ele- and not through planning. which has a fine suggestion for phants standing about, and two publicity. Mrs. Krug has for pagodas in dominating position. Consider the situation: A sale India dolls, made in India Three devotional addresses were group of women from forty to in a home for widows. These given. The menu cOn";sted of sixty in number, who had so dolls represent different castes Me (rice), Dahsih (pi'kle rel- many conflicting interests and and occupations. Write for her ish), Thequitha (banana), Kapi responsibilities that a free eve- price-list. Her suggestion is (coffee), Ice Kri (ice cream), ning could not be discovered, that newspapers will gladly Ghethu (curry), Thagotha (to- found that they could take the photograph them and write armatoes), Goh Seh (cake). earlier hour, provided certain ticles about them. conditions were met. They had Meet the Situation of Your no responsibility for the meal be- Securing the right publicity yond paying. (For years a dol- for special meetings is a weak Group lar per member per year pro- point in most church groups. vided the meal and dishwasher.) Newspapers are always ready to A church in a busy Kansas They were content with a meal use really interesting copy. town found a method of securing so simple that its cost and prep- They cannot be expected to run regular and large attendance of aration were reduced to a min- the dull sort of announcement business women at their mission- imum. There was promptness in that attracts no one. ary guild meeting once a Bonth. starting and clock-like regularity in clos.ing. A good program was Snappy and news-worthy A flat, yearly charge was made provided, usually from outside write-ups, especially when ac-. each member to cover the cost of the group. companied by pictures suitable the very inexpensive supper for making cuts and really tellserved promptly at six o'clock Perhaps some of these condi- ing a story, will have ready acten times a year. Note that an tions are not ideal. But cancel ceptance in many newspaper absent member's supper-fee was one of them and that particular offices. available to equalize costs. group would have dissolved. For instance, had the leaders at- We hope later to devote an is- Three women of the church, tempted to provide for the pro- sue to the question of effective who did not belong to the group, gram from within the group, a publicity and would be glad to prepared a simple, well-balanced certain proportion would imme- receive accounts of especially efmeal. diately have dropped out. They fective publicity for missionary wanted to be stimulated and events in your church. forced to think, through force-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

We Want to Know who later spoke to the entire The book is true to its title. group, was inspired by the l:.S- The theme and motive of the life What was the most effective surance that she had before her of an Indian woman is her huspiece of work you did for Mis- women intelligent on the subject band. The charm of the book is sions last summer? Or the sum- of her address. Several members unusual. It portrays most delimer before? We do not neces- were able to listen with greater cately the devotion of the womsarily mean a meeting. Through delight because of their informal anhood of India to her ideal. what enterprise, technique, nov- "preview" of the speaker. Ramabai Ranade, its author, elty, or method did you affect moreover gives a moving picture the lives of members of your The words in which a speaker of the contrast between the purcongregation, missionary group adresses the group are only half dah-bound women of the averor individuals in a worthwhile of the service she may render. age household and the struggle way, in spite of heat, summer Choose with care a few persons for freedom on the part of these "slump," etc.? In other words with whom the speaker may chat who like herself in obedience to what did you do to make your in the social moments preceding the desire of an enlighted huswork, or some phase of it a suc- the meeting. Questions will flow band are defying custom and cess, in spite of the usual sum- much more readily following the tradition to leave seclusion and mer handicaps? address if there has been an op- enter public life. portunity for the speaker to Our May issue, according to meet at least a few of the mem- Something of the theme and present plans, will be devoted to bers in the right way. outlook of the book might be that problem, and we want to given by one woman, who must give others the best of your sug- Try This Game on India be able to enter with sympathy gestions. Address the editor of into the feelings and life of the these pages at 5718 Oak Avenue, A heart-warming little note Indian woman. The story itself Indianapolis, Indiana. from Mrs. Aitchison, the former may be given by another wom- editor of these pages, written in an, reading from the book if de~ Effective Personal pencil as she takes her enforced sired, as if she were seeing for Introductions rest-cure, has come to the pres- the first time her own words in ent editor. In it Mrs. Aitchison print. She should be dressed in Contrast these two situations. mentions a game on India, Know an Indian sari, as delicate and as -A younger member of a mis- Your Mission Lan d 8 – India, rich a one as possible, for the sionary group brought a guest which has come to her and Ranades were wealthy. to the meeting. She introduced which she feels would be interher to several who made her esting and worth-while. We are Learning Through Drama welcome with the inconsequen- delighted to have her recomtial pleasant chit-chat of new mendation, as a copy of the An interesting little playlet, acquaintances. Imagine their game has not so far reached us. prepared and published in India annoyance when she was later for use in the village schools to introduced as an outstanding The game is similar to the portray their own program, is worker in another denomination weH-known Lotto. The cards available at 10 cents a copy from and the speaker of the day. contain questions and answers Mabel W. Moomaw, Vocational They had lost a golden opportu- selected from the interdenom- Training S c h 0 0 1, Anklesvar, nity for informal· conversation inational mission study books on Broach District, India. It is enon some of the things, in which India. Two to fifteen people titled "My Son." they had been especially inter- may play. It will provide a ested, and felt that their speaker lively game period for from two Juniors would enjoy using must have thought them un- to fifteen children, young people this in a study of India. There usually unconcerned about her or adults. It costs only 50 cents are gaps in it which they would own background and interests. postpaid. need to fill after study. For in- stance, a child reports on the A tactful hostess of another Order from: The Literature Department, birds that are seen in the village. missionary group brought a The Women's General Missionary Society, This, in the village school pr~ guest. She introduced her to 904 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.. gram, is easily done. Our chilseveral members. Each time the or from Mrs. E. D. McKune, 211 Fifteenth dren would need to look up India hostess was able to mention Ave., S., Nampa, Idaho. and find out about birds there. some particular interest which the member had shown in the An Unusual Book Opportunity Its value would lie to a large type of enterprise carried on by extent, for children in this counthe visitor. Both were made to The autobiography of a lady try, in the study they would be feel that it was because of a of India, recently off the press, led to do in order to give it. common interest that she had offers a wonderful opportunity They might even make some brought them together; she for a book review. In the first changes in it to make it clearer chatted with them long enough place its title is "Himself," an to an American audience.. They after each introduction to be intriguing thing in itself. "An might get quite a bit of delight sure that each had a key to the autobiography of an Indian lady, from putting on something writ~ other's activities. The. guest, ten for and actually given by and called 'Himself'!" * writes children in India.

one woman inchedulously.

• "Himself" by Ramabai Ranade, trans- Jated by Katharine Gates. $2.00. Long- mans Green, N. Y., 1938,

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

A OALL TO PRAYER scenes, we know that with hus- such a warm purpose – to re- bands and children and servants member one another, to dedicate GOES OUT TO ALL PEOPLE and neighbors and friends, at themselves anew to creating the home or abroad, these good Kingdom of Heaven on earth, LET US PRAY: women created a contagious and engaging climate around them and to capture the attention of Father, grant that I may take which others undoubtedly copied. the listless and the lukewarm, my religion seriously and in- that all may realize a little of the vite the spirit of Jesus Christ The quality of goodness we to permeate everything I say mean includes ideals spiced with startling attraction to be discov- and do. imagination, and fine living done ered in Jesus Christ and to be for a purpose. Suppose that for expressed in lives touched afresh May the law of love be the law even one day in the year all such by His beauty! which governs my everyday women could pause, kneel in life. May I seek to reproduce prayer for one another – that This year's Service of Worship the warm friendliness of Jesus their common .dream for their for Friday, February 24, has in my home, my neighborhood, world might materialize, through been prepared by a group of my business life, and in my young women in the United smallest personal contact. -Albrecht Durer States, using as a theme, "Let us Help me to seek out some person themselves. Who knows what put our Love into Deeds-and or group whose immediate impetus this could give to Make it ReaL" It is a searching needs cry out for Christian weaker women trailing along in sequence of responsive readings, service and in mutual shar- the footsteps of their leaders? prayers, and hymns, with peri- ing give all that I am and have. For many years now the first ods of penetrating silence and a Friday in Lent has been set aside stirring roll call of the nations. Help me to study, work, and for the World Day of Prayer. It is designed to stab any wom- pray for better understanding East, West, North, South, from an awake into 'seeing herself as among people of all races and dawn to dusk, somewhere on the nations. Heln me to be will- face of the earth, women ac- someone expected to alter the ing to live dangerously that tually will be meeting for just trend of history and shift civili- peace may come in this our zation into a more truly Christ- day,O Lord. [46] like era: through the definite "God will not ask thy race, mention of the high traits in the Nor will he ask thy birth. character of Jesus. Alone he will demand of thee But even before the practical stimulus of the printed page is What hast thou done on reached, the cover itself offers· earth." the silent influence of Albrecht Let us put our love into deeds Durer's "Praying Hands." These and make it real. Hands have a legend significant enough to be told first to the THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER small interdenominational group which will meet beforehand to Sometimes we need a sudden plan the February 24th service, sentence to lift us into a new and then retold at the World Day focus on ourselves! Listen therefore to Emerson: "Civ- of Prayer service also, in order ilization is the history of good that their very patience may sugwomen-" as sudden, as provoc- gest the beauty vested in the ative as that! But is it true? Each one of us will at least agree humblest of us, when dedicated that it cannot be not true; for wherever a high civilization has to the highest. For Durer had been created and maintained, the a friend who had been trying to women have been as geared into be a great painter; but try as he it as the men; and, because of might through the years, greattheir quieter influence behind all ness passed him by; yet he nev- er gave up. One day Durer's imagination saw in those unsuc-

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

cessful hands not thwarted There is a similar benediction Hearty Welcome I dreams, but the incarnation of such genuine worth that he waiting to bless your town also! The women of the West Coast asked to draw them in the atti- are welcoming as a worthy suctude of prayer, to suggest the To promote such vital and vigor- cessor to the late Miss Adela J. dignity of labor and the bene- Ballard, Mrs. F. E. Shotwell, the diction of hope. ous fellowship the following sup- new Western Area Supervisor of Migrant Work, appointed by This is so symbolic of our own plies are available; and in case the Council of Women for Home consciousness of being neither Missions. brilliant nor famous; yet a qui- yours is one of the cities where et glory touches our merely aver- Those of us who have met Mrs. age hands when folded in the World Day of Prayer has Shotwell are delighted with her prayer: "May the beauty of the personality, with her back- never been observed, will you not ground of education and with Lord our God be upon us; and her qualification in experience. establish Thou the work of our consider that because you have Personally she has grace and hands; yea, the work of our charm; her degrees in secular hands establish Thou it." read these words you are there- and religious education as well as sociology assure excellent pro- That this has been an actual fore the very person to initiate fessional preparation and her result to communities observing experience in working with the World Day of Prayer, our the observance and to take the young people and church groups, 1938 report of it proves, one sec- as well as in Nevada Welfare first steps which these leaflets Work and in Colorado, Washingtion of which paints the picture: will list? . ton, Oregon and California mi- grant projects assure practical For the women of Shanghai the The following supplies for the application of her knowledge. Women's World Day of Prayer had Quite as much as with all these, unusual significance. "The love of observance should be ordered we are delighted with her evi- Christ our only hope," was the unify- dence of judgment and balance ing theme. The committee which set from denominational Boards: in difficult situations and with up the program was composed of her determination to restudy the Chinese, Japanese, German, Russian, Call to Prayer-free (in limited quan- needs as they are today and the English and American women. This tities) . effective program for the future. committee appointed a sub-committee to plan for a meeting in the Chinese Adult Program – "Let Us Put Our With the changing type of peolanguage. Love into Deeds – and Make It ple making up the migrant Real"-2 cents each, $2.00 per hun- group, from a largely foreign The Chinese service brought the e I erne n t never economically audience face to face with the implica- dred. above a subsistence level, to a tions of the love of Christ in our war- Young People's Program-"And Who group largely native Americans, torn city. In the midst of our tragedy many of them dispossessed farmand losses we were given to see we Is My Neighbor?" – 2 cents each, ers from the dust bowl, who have still had much to be thankful for. In formerly been independent, Mrs. the time of confession the personal $2.00 per hundred. Shotwell is proving herself an and national sins which have contrib- Children's Program-"God's Children understanding and h e I p f u 1 uted to this situation were confessed. friend. The forgiving love of Christ con- Live in Many Lands"-l cent each, strained the audience to forgive those We can think of no one better who have sinned against us. At the $1.00 per hundred. qualified for the four-fold apclose of this service, those who were Poster (llx17)-5 cents. proach necessary to work in the at home in the English language went The Church, A World Fellowship (A migrant areas: contacts with to the international service. . . . government workers, church Review of the World Day of Prayer, groups, employers and the mi- This year the international service March 5, 1938). Single copies free, grants themselves-all approachmet in the Community Church. es requiring wisdom and tact in Twelve different nations were repre- $1.00 per hundred. an unusual degree. The Council sented in the audience. Each one is indeed fortunate in its choice prayed in her own language. The MRS. F. E. SHOTWELL of Mrs. Shotwell. She will need earnest prayer offered by a Japanese our understanding and cooperawoman for the sufferers in the war This article was prepared by Miss Mar- tion. We pledge our support will long be remembered. The high garet T. Applegarth, Chairman of the World peak in the service was the candle Day of Prayer Committee of the National and wish her well.* lighting service when women repre- Committee of Church Women, representing senting different nations approached the National Council of Church Women, the • From ",letter to the editor from Mrs. R. L. the central candle to light the un- Foreign Missions Conference, and the Coun- Bowen, Vice President of the Southern Calilighted candles they carried. A holy cil of Women for Home Missions, Room 63, fornia Council of Federated Church Women. hush fell on the audience as the Jap- 297 Fourth Avenue, New York. anese and Chinese women from opposite aisles approached the central candle and at the same time lighted their candles to return to spread their light. It was so evident that the only way out was for the love of Christ to lift us all above narrow nationalism which is darkening our world. We were challenged to spread the light of His love as the only way out of the darkness which is fast enveloping us.

A Story for the

Yasha, the Refugee One Monday morning a visitor Down in the audience Karl came to talk to the whole school beamed with pride. He whis- By VIOLET WOOD, NEW YORK about health, for it was the first pered among the fifth grade day of Health Week. To all the boys, "Didn't I tell you he's Yasha stood in the school yard, children, except Yasha, it was smart?" unhappily the center of a circle like a holiday. For him it was of·· jeering boys. They were punishment, as he had to sit After the program was over with the first-graders and he Miss Inglis detained Karl and laughing and calling out "Yasha was so much bigger that he felt Yasha. "I am proud of you is a refugee! They threw him both," she said. "Yasha, you out of Russia! They threw him uncomfortable. may get your things and I will out of Germany! Yasha is a Miss Inglis made a little take you into the third grade to- Jew boy. He is ten years old day. If Karl continues to help and only in the first grade! He speech about their visitor, a you, I'll promote you until you're can't even speak English. Yasha in his class." is a refugee!" famous Russian doctor. When the doctor himself spoke, a At recess Karl told the other Miss Inglis, the principal, saw boys. He tossed off a few Rusall this as she looked down from whisper of surprise went around sion words that Yasha had her office window into the yard. among the fifth grade boys, "He taught him. The boys crowded She knew that if she called the around jealously, "How about tormentors off, she would only sounds just like Yasha!" Dr. your teaching us some Russian? add "teacher's pet" to the list of Malkin made them all laugh by Why don't we start a Russiannames given to Yasha. telling stories of germs that English club?" never go to sleep, but dig little She turned from the window "All right," said Karl, "if you to a boy standing beside her, and tunnels in unbrushed teeth and will let Yasha be president." said: "Karl, I am glad you came live happily in dirty finger nails. to see me about Yasha. I will "Sure," one of the boys an- He started a new story: "When swered, "if he's not mad at us .try to do something about it. I was a boy in Russia I was a for calling him names." belfer. Now I guess there is no What are you going to do?" one here who understands that At first Yasha could not be- "Well," Karl began, "last Sun- lieve that they wanted him, but word. Is there?" when he understood that they day we were talking in Sunday At the word belfer Yasha really meant it, he thought that school about persecution and I he was the happiest boy in told our teacher it sounded like jumped. He knew. His father what the boys do to Yasha. She had long ago been a belfer in America. said I ought to do something. I figured it out that he's really Russia. He raised his hand and Making Use of This Story smarter than we are 'cause he Dr. Malkin called on him. Yasha knows a little English, some spoke in rapid Russian, "A See how many famous Jews the chil- German and a lot of Russian. belfer is a boy leader who used dren can name. We only know English. Do you to bring the younger children think I could help him with Disraeli, twice Prime Minister of English?" home from school at night in old Great Britain. Russia when there were no "You certainly could," re- street lights. He walked at the Mendelssohn, composer of beautiful sponded Miss Inglis. "If you head and carried a lighted lan- hymns and songs. give him lessons faithfully, I'll be able to promote him much tern." Sarah Bernhardt, famous XIX cenfaster, for Yasha is a bright boy. Dr. Malkin said, "Very good. tury acress. Only his lack of English is holding him back." That is entirely right, but you Yehudi Menuhin, 21-year-old violin- must come up here and tell us ist of international fame. Several weeks went by. Yasha about it in English." was feverishly learning English Albert Einstein, mathematician, auunder the guidance of Karl. The Tremblingly Yasha faced the thor of theory of relativity. young teacher would have liked school, not wishing to tell the to bring his pupil into his Sun- doctor that he knew so little Benjamin Cardozo, Justice of the day school class, but Yasha jour- English he was only in the first Supreme Court of the United neyed every Sabbath with his grade. States. parents to the Synagogue in a near-by city. In spite of Karl's The doctor put his hand on the Stephen Wise, Jewish leader and kindness, Yasha was very un- boy's shoulder and said, "Now rabbi. happy. The boys often chased take your time, my boy. English him home shouting, "Yasha is a is much easier to speak than Ask the children to bring in current Jew boy, a refugee, a refugee!" Russian. Your Russian is per- clippings from magazines and news- fect. You do your school much papers about the Jewish persecution in Europe today. Let the teacher or credit." parent link up the story of the perse- Yasha suddenly lost his fear cution of the Pilgrims and their flight as refugees to America. and in good English told how his father, like Dr. Malkin, had been Give the children hymn books and a belfer in Russia. see how many hymns they can find, the music of which was composed by [48] Felix Mendelssohn, such as "Still, Still with Thee"; "Hark! the Herald Angels Sing."

~'!===================="~

~ OuJM!'n?;~~;sp':!~:cuS~~?Ok o71t EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~============~==================.~~ MISCELLANEOUS increased fivefold in Africa, Ja- introduced, and it is pervading pan and China, and sevenfold in the national life. Christianity Has Not Failed Africa. The increase since 1903 in Korea is seventyfold. There Minority Churches Who are bringing most credit were practically no Protestants to their country, and serving it in the Philippines in 1903; now The world Alliance for Intermost effectively in distant lands? there are 190,000. Seven out of national Friendship Through the asks the Central Christian Ad- everyone hundred Negro Af- Churches has adopted a minivocate. The answer is: "The ricans are now professing Chris- mum standard of liberty for missionaries." The Advocate tians-about one-half of whom churches that form a minority amplifies this answer:- are Protestants, and one-half in any country. The nine points Rom a n Catholics. Compared require: 1. Freedom to deter~ . . . The missionaries have been with Asia the baptized Chris- mine its faith and creed and life-savers; they have restrained Jap- tians in Africa are proportion- freedom from any imposition of anese raiders and rapers; they have ately over five times as numer- another philosophy or system of given first aid and hospital service to ous, and the missionaries are morals; 2. Freedom of public Chinese and Japanese alike. The pop- proportionately four times as and private worship, preaching ulation turns by thousands to the mis- many. and teaching, and freedom from sionaries. They stay, though local imposition of other religious cergovernment has collapsed and local The present number of Prot- emonies ; 3. Freedom to deterofficials have fled. estant missionaries is 27,483- mine its constitution within the or about 527 less than in 1925. limits of the laws of the state Nor are they immune from danger. Missionaries to Asia have de- and to administer its ownaf- Mission properties have been wrecked. creased by 2,345, and increased fairs; 4. Freedom to use the Nine Roman Catholic priests were in Africa by 2',158. Since 1925, mother tongue of its members in butchered-that's the exact word for the salaried staff of native work- all activities of church life; 5. it – at Chengtingfu, Hopei Province, ers has increased by one-third, Freedom to determine and conwhen the Japanese came in. Mission and now amounts to 203,468 trol the education of its minisstations have been looted. workers. There are now 17,789 ters and to decide upon their ordained Protestant nationals. suitability for service; 6. Free- The Japanese have been restrained It is significant to note that in dom to give religious education by the presence of missionaries, whom Japan during the past thirteen to their youth on the same conthey didn't dare to kill, and who years the m iss ion a r y body ditions as the majority churches would be witnesses of whatever out- dropped from 1,253 to 829, while and to bring them together in rages the invaders might commit or the ordained Japanese increased youth associations; 7. Freedom allow. Outside mission areas, the fate from 950 to 1,759. to support and carryon social of Chinese women has been a thing that cries to heaven for vengeance, In China and Japan, one out service, charitable w 0 r k and but very few Japanese soldiers have missionary activities at home dared invade mission premises. . . . of seven students of college and and abroad; 8. Freedom to use all rights open to citizens and The mission hospitals have been university age is in a Christian associations, e. g., the ownership swamped and swamped again by the of necessary property and coltides of wounded. In peace time they institution; in Korea the per- lection of funds; 9. Freedom of were the best hospitals in China, and exchange, cooperation and union their war work has been a miracle of centage is hi g her. Scripture with other groups of the same devotion, desperate toil, and personal church or with other Christian as well as surgical daring. translations have increased, the churches. largest growth being in Africa; Survey of World Missions and everywhere an astonishing All of this means simply that increase in Scripture distribu- members of minority churches The comprehensive statistics tion. should have the rights guaranof Protestant missions, issued teed to all citizens by any demoby the International Missionary But there is an arresting side cratic Bill of Rights. No church Council, is the result of two and to this survey. Out of a world is safe in a State where such a half years' work on the part pop u I a t ion of 2,095,000,000 rights are denied. of an able staff. The total Prot- there are still 1,377,000,000 nonestant Christian constituency in Christians. Progress in reach- -Christian Century. non-Christian lands has expand- ing unoccupied fields has not ed since 1925 from 8,340,000 to bee nmarked. However, into 13,036,000; or more than in the most lands the leaven has been previous twenty-two years. Communicants have, during the pres- [49 ] ent cenhry, trebled ili India;

Methodist Missions Reduced Pinewood. Two have already Orime Figures for New York been finished-The Call of Sam- The' Methodist Board of For- uel and The Good Samaritan– New York City's crime record eign Missions, at their 12'Oth and a third, Woman's Faith, is nearly ready." shows that the city mission task annual meeting in November, re- of the Christian Church is far port that war, and the domina- from finished. The New York Sun has just revealed some startion of increasingly large areas Beer "Ads" Turned Down tling facts, among them the fact by the totalitarian governments are steadily reducing the spread America's largest producer that there was a murder for of Protestantism and the possi- and distributor of short-length every day except one in 1936, bility of maintaining church in- motion picture advertising films, the latest year for which com- stitutions in mission countries; the Alexander Film Company, of plete statistics are available. As- and that freedom of religious Colorado Springs, Colo., has an- sault, robbery and larceny cases worship is meeting the strongest nounced its policy to drop ad- totaled 14,158, while minor fel- political opposition in the his- vertising of beer in its 7,782 onies reached 34,207. While the tory of Protestant missions. Op- contracted motion picture thea- major service of the Police Deposition to the work of ,the mis- ters. partment is the apprehension of sions in Japan, Korea and the In abandoning beer accounts, criminals, the prevention of conquered parts of China, in the firm is sacrificing an annual crime is also its responsibility. Italy and Italian colonies, in net income which has been ex- Constructive measures in crime Spain and in Germany was sin- ceeding $50,000. The action was prevention include provision for gled out in the report. Italian due to a belief that the other 77 outdoor playgrounds and 44 territory in Africa has become clients do not relish being placed indoor recreation centers. Morepractically impossible for Prot- in the company of beer adver- ever, the Police Athletic League estant missions, and should Ger- tisers on theater screens. This provided vents for young energy many's demand for the return of firm is reported to handle ap- in sport instead of crime, and colonies be granted it will place enrolled 34,407 members with under their domination territory proximately three-fourths 0 f attendance well beyond a million where Christian missions now such advertising in the country. in its sport events. exist; while if Franco wins in Its contracted theaters show to Spain, Protestant work is in more than 25,000,000 theater- For other measures in crime danger of being forbidden. Be- goers each week. prevention, the Police Departyond Spain, let it be remem- ment must continue to look to -Union Signal. the schools and to the churches, bered, lies all South America. and especially to the Sunday -New York Times. No Essays on Atheism schools.

NORTH AMERIOA A year ago the following ad- vertisement appeared in a Yak- Ohurch Boat in North Oarolina ima, Washington, paper: Religious Films In the isolated coastal regions In' 'Order tQ prQmQte tQlerance and a The many efforts during the brIOad-minded attitude toward reli- of North Carolina, a church boat past fifteen years to secure good giQUS questiQns, the American ASSQ- now is regularly taking religious religious films have not been a ciatiQn fQr the Advancement 'Of Athe- services to long-neglected com- ism is 'Offering prizes fQr the best lit- munities, many of which until success. England seems to be erary eXPQsitiQn 'Of arguments against the past summer had not seen a the Christian religiQn. . . . minister in more than two years. far in advance of America in this respect. The Manchester If the Christian religiQn is what its This work is under the direction Guardian recently observed that prQPQnents claim for it, it should welthe Religious Film Society is come the most searching and studious of Rev. A. H. Marshall, rector of investigation into its past, its present carrying on its program with set-up, and its possibilities fQr the fu- St. Philip's Church of Southexcellent effect. Says the Guard- ture. If it can't stand such an invesian's London correspondent: tigation, it is unworthy of the support port, N. C., and Mrs. Marshall. Together they visit isolated com- "The Religious Film Society given it. munities in their boat, the Jo- sephine Marshall, conducting and its publicity agent, the Cin- The American Association for the ema Christian Council, arranged services from the deck of the during the 'indoor' season of Advancement 'Of Atheism, therefore, boat anchored near docks, in cot- 1937-38 for over two thousand offers a first prize of fifty dollars, sec- tages, in private homes, and ond prize 'Of twenty-five dollars, and five additiQnal prizes of five dollars bookings of films, including two each for the best essays by pupils 'Of even in village grocery stores. high schools and junior colleges 'Of based on Tolstoy's Where Love Yakima County, 'On "The Folly and Despite the necessity of long Is, God Is and What Men Live Futility of Christianity." treks over swamp trails filled By. Several more new films will with poison ivy, mosquitoes and be added to the society's book- Interested to know what, if sand flies, residents of the area ing list for the coming season. any, was the response, the editor have greeted the services enthu- Episodes from the life of St. of the Sunday School Times siastically, and at times more Paul have been taken for a two- wrote the Association, and by than 100 on short notice have reel sound film, Faith Trium- return mail received the reply journeyed for miles to attend phant, which is being made at that no essays were submitted. the gatherings.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

It is estimated that more than munion work supported by the other natural resources; road 55 communities along the inland Church Boards that compose the construction to open up remote waterway are thus being served. Home Missions Coup-cil, the local areas; Indian arts and crafts; church is now almost self-sup- health service, relief and reha- -The Living Church. porting. The Rev. Harold H. bilitation. Eymann is the successor of the Cooperative Venture in I ate greatly beloved "Parson Many missionaries at work in Tennessee Tom" Stev·enson, the former the vicinity of some of these Boulder City pastor. activities are not favorably im- A new venture in cooperative pressed with all of them. Sevliving is being inaugurated at -The Presbyterian. eral feel that the Indians are Ravenscroft, Tenn., an aban- being subjected to so rapid a doned mining community. When Problems of the South change and so many new influthe mining company moved out, ences that they have been unable some sixty famili.es were left The population of the South is to make the adjustment satisfacstranded. The Rev. Ed win increasing more rapidly than torily. Tribal customs, so op- White, who has been a mission- that of any part of the United posed to Christian ideals and so ary in Cumberland County, un- States. Its excess of births over hampering to Christian training, dertook to relieve the situation; deaths is ten per thousand, as are encouraged by the Govern-. some young women volunteers compared with the national av- ment. The problem of increased were enlisted to take charge of erage of seven per thousand; drinking remains unsolved. a community house and the and already it has the most Farm Security Administration thickly populated rural area. -Monday Morning. sent a young couple to lend aid in rehabilitation through sub- The South must educate one- Chinese Presbyterian Church sistence farming. An option has third of the nation's children in San Francisco now been obtained from the min- with one-sixth of the nation's ing company on 7,000 acres of school revenues. Only 16 per The Chi n e s e Presbyterian mountain land, together with all cent of the children are in High Church of San Francisco obthe houses in the mining camp School, as compared with 24 per served its 85th anniversary in and all mineral rights at a price cent in other states. November. Although all Chiof $3.50 per acre. nese are fond of elaborate cele- The health-protection facili- brations, this occasion was a The leaders hope to secure ties of the South are limited. For simple one because of the suffergovernment loans for coopera- example, there are only one- ings in the home land. This tive enterprises at low rates of third as many doctors per capita church was organized November interest and to organize the com- in South Carolina as there are in 6, 1853, by Dr. William Speer, munity on a cooperative basis California. The South is defi- who had been a medical missionwith skilled farm and business cient in hospitals and clinics, as ary to China, and was the first management. There is, in all the well as in health workers. Many such organization of Chinese land, no more tragic story than counties have no facilities at all. outside of Asia. Since the beginthat of stranded communities in ning, the church has had Chithe southern highlands where The South leads the nation in nese pastors except for brief inmines have been mined out, tim- the employment of children in tervals. It maintains a close reber cutting completed and erod- farm and factory. One hundred lation to the communi,ty through ed hillside land depleted. The eight out of everyone thousand its present pastor, who serves wage earners are unable to move children between ten and fifteen on the staff of directors of vawhen the company moves. years old are employed in the rious civic 0 r g ani z a t ion s. South, compared to forty-seven Schools have been established -Christian Century. out of everyone thousand chil- and Christian homes set up in dren of these ages in the country China by those who have gone Churches Cooperate at as a whole. out from this c h u r c h. Ten Shasta Dam churches in China have been -New York Times. founded and supported by gifts The Home Missions Council from Chinese Presbyterians in will cooperate in interdenomina- The American Indian the United States. tional religious work for the families of the 7,000 persons According to the latest census, -Monday Morning. who are to be employed in build- about 50 per cent of all Amering the national government's ican Indians live in three states: LATIN AMERICA new Shasta Dam on the Sacra- Oklahoma, Arizona and New mento River, near Redding, in Mexico. This is an increase of Christian Education in Cuba northern California. One town 1.2 per cent a year for the past already has been built by the s eve n years. The agency in Cuban delegates to the Hagovernment and three 0 the r charge of federal activities for van a Congress on Christian town sites are being developed. Indians has an extensive pro- Work in 1929 proposed a plan At Boulder City, Nevada, which gram, which includes tribal or- for a continental federation of is another center of inter-com- ganization; increase of Indian evangelical churches, but the land-holdings; soil conservation plan met with no enthusiasm in and irrigation; conservation of

Cuba. Again in 1937, coopera- simplicity of their faith was most re- the whole community several tive fellowship was discussed at freshing. times before being invited to the Han a v a Conference on come in, but once he has gained Christian Education; and last In one village where w~ knew th~ngs a hearing, he will sit where the October definite plans material- were not right, opportumty was gIven family sits, comment as little as at the close of the meeting to set af- fairs straight; there followed such confessions and going to each other possible, preferring to let God ized at a Conference in Cama- speak for Himself through the giiey, Cuba, when, by unanimous and asking forgiveness for harsh simple, clear reading of one passage after another. Where vote, the Cuban Council of Chris- words or bitter thoughts as would put tian Education was formed. most American congregations to shame. . -Evangelical Christw,n. there has been a receptive spirit, Article I of the new constitu- he will suggest praying to God tion states "the purpose of the Fair Exchange No Robbery organization will be spiritu.al, just where they are. At fi.rst educational and fraternal, wIth C. H. Morris, American Bible their thoughts run somethmg special aim to promote the co- Society Agent in Amazonia, with like this: Is it really possible to operation of the evangelical two of the Society's launches pray to God, through J e sus churches in Cuba in the prom(jt- visited the immense archipelago Christ? Don't we need to pray ing of Christian education. It is in the mouth of the Amazon to an image, some visible nearour further purpose to enj oy the River, where most of the people by representation or representaworld-wide fellowship of the are rubber gatherers, and live Christian churches in affiliation under very unfavorable condi- tive of the far off God? Is no with the World's Sunday School tions. At one place, a man ex- other mediator necessary? No Association." pressed delight at the opportu- intercession by saint or virgin, nity to own a Bible, of which he apostle or martyr? How simply It appears that Cuba has do~e had heard but had never seen. he prays! It is just like talking more in the way of leadershIp "Read more," he pleaded, when training than most of the other the colporteur read to the end to a father! But does he think Latin American countries. There of a chapter. He paid for his that God will really hear him? is evidence of a broader and Bible with seven bunches of ba- Doesn't he need a priest? Why, deeper understanding of essen- nanas. An elderly blind widow tial Christianity and its rele- exchanged some corn for a Tes- he prays to God as though he vance to individual life. How- tament. knew Him, as though he ~ould ever, it must be noted that there see Him! Then they begm to is not the same sense of respon- In the course of this interestsibility for the maintenance an~ ing journey a great variety ?f listen to what the evangelist is extension of the Church. POSSI- commodities were received m saying; that they might know bly its nearness to the United exchange for the Scriptures. States, and the facilities there Here are some that helped to that they have access to the Fafor the support of pastors may make the launch resemble a partially explain this fact. traveling general store: 119 ther through Jesus Christ, II!ight fowls, 12 ducks, 8 parrots, 193 know their sins are forgIVen. -WSSA News. eggs., a large supply of bananas Usually, the family will start and maize, coconuts, rice, fish, daily family worship, and t~e On Mule Back in Honduras evangelist is content to leave It at that, with the suggestion that they invite their friends. Thus a congregation is formed.

-The Neglected Continent.

Miss Mabel Rowell gained a salt, vegetables and two canoe Growth by Persecution new understanding of the need paddles. in Honduras when she made a It is almost fifteen years since, two weeks' evangelistic t rip 'The s a I e s of the journey in answer to an urgent telegram, across the country on muleback. amounted to 1,897 volumes, in- missionaries of the Evangelical She writes in the Evangelical cluding 154 Bibles and 374 Tes- Union of South America entered Christian: taments. the little town of Catole de Rocha in Brazil. The story from There are no hotels in the villages Evangelism in Peru there is one of continuous persewhere we stopped, but every house cution; the greater the persecuhas a lean-to roof in front to shelter One of the most interesting tion the greater the progress; the calves, pigs, etc., during the nigh~, points in Peruvian evangelism and they will always allow travelers is its tendency to hinge around and the greater the progress the the privilege of slinging their hammocks there and usually the privilege households rather than individ- greater the persecution. This uals. Quite spontaneously, and of using their open fire in the kitchen. without comparing notes until area is a small outlaw kingdom, At one place we stayed I was awak- with two rival clans; and the ened several times in the night by a afterwards, national workers in word of the dominating clan is little fat pig who thought it would be nice to rub his back under my ham- different parts of the Republic law. While one clan reigns, the mock and incidentally on me. This other suffers, waiting opportutrip has taught me that there is no have been led to use the family nity to take revenge. Finding as the basis of their approach to such thing as private life in Honduras, the community. An evangelist favor in the eyes of the then at least in mountain sections. But may visit every family in a vil- dominating chief, the missionarthere are always compensations and lage before he finds the family ies, during their first visit. to instead of giving blessing to those dear believers I think I received. The he is looking for; perhaps visit the district were 0 accompamed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

upon practically all of their ence have stated that there is no by the Committee, they are re- evangelistic excursions by a ser- real difference between them. turned to the Shipping Room of geant and two soldiers of the The Godless are those who lead the Committee on World Friend- State Police. Under this favor- the struggle against religion ac- ship among Children, at 207 ing wind, three churches were cording to the teachings of Karl East 19th Street, New York, erected by 1932. One was de- Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. from which they are forwarded stroyed by enemies, but in 1938 These are not only Godless but directly to Spain. It is expected a fourth was built, and now a also Communists. Atheists are that the supply will be exhaust- national pastor is available to those who have separated them- ed before December 31st. take the oversight of the s e selves from religion, who belong churches. The work was pros- to socialist political groups but Methodists Keep Out of pering, new preaching points who have not yet accepted Com- Trouble with Nazis were established, and in his de- munism. Bishop John L. Nuelson, of sire to see further progress the -World Dominion Press. Zurich, Switzerland, rep 0 r t s young pastor invited another na- that the Methodist Episcopal tional pastor to hold a series of A Queen's Message to Youth Church organization in Germany meetings. This released a flood of bitter persecution which cul- Queen Wilhelmina, of Holland, and Austria have been cut loose minated in the pastor's forced recently celebrated her 58th from international ties and thus departure from the town to save birthday and the 40th year of have kept out of trouble with the his life. The encouraging fact is her reign. From the beginning Nazi Government. Catholic and that five or six people have been she realized that d i v i n e re- Lutheran Churches are state- sources would enable her to rule sponsored churches, their minisconverted. in peace and justice. In a broad- -The Neglected Continent. cast to her people, the Queen ters on the state payroll, so that Nazis look upon them as state urged youth to undertake great employees, and their utterances EUROPE responsibility with character, are judged as loyal or disloyal.

Freethinkers' Congress devotion, understanding and fi- On the other hand, Methodists a Failure delity. Her words have deep sig- support their own churches and nificance for the youth of today, preachers, as in America. There- The International Congress of not because of royal privilege fore, they have a degree of free- Freethinkers held in London in but because of a warm and hum- dom in speech and organization. September was considered a fail- ble faith which this great wom- -New York Times.

ure by the Russians. Their dele- an has in God. She said: Niemoller Can't Be Seen gation did not attend, but were Even at the time of my accession, I represented by an observer who was conscious of the insufficiency of Dr. Adolph Keller, of Geneva, read the speeches of absent lead- human knowledge and ability, and ers. The delicate international firmly believed that only the aid of was in Berlin some weeks ago, and asked the authorities, with- God could provide our wants. I now situation was one of the reasons look back on these forty years in the out much hope of s u c c e s s, advanced to dissuade them from light of the Lord's guidance and am whether he might see Martin attending. Information was also filled with gratitud'e. -Watchman-Examiner. Niemoller. Dr. Keller relates his conveyed from high and friendly experience: quarters, that their plan of in- Friendship for Spain To my surprise I received no resisting upon the communistic fusal. But the secret police which had and militant Godless character American children in Sunday re-arrested Niemoller knew better and of the Congress, might lead to schools and other groups are answered: "Niemoller can't be seen Government intervention and sending goodwill suitcases filled now or later."

Niemoller is to be silenced. This the suppression of the gathering with toys, clothing, soap and courageous voice is no longer to be heard. He would be free if he would as threatened public order. It is other articles to refugee Spanish reported that Russian Godless children as an expression of sell his liberty and promise to remain leaders will create an interna- sympathy. The suitcases are silent. There is a time for saying no and a time for saying yes. Niemoller tional commission to organize distributed in both Loyalist and would not be famous, if he would not future international congresses, Nationalist Spain by the Amer- be a symbol for a new type of Chris- tianity: a Elymbol for a militant under the expert guidance of ican Friends Service Committee. church, for a suffering church, for a Yaroslavsky, the i r president. The project is one which reli- church of witness who says again like The U. S. A. is suggested as the gious educators and many other Luther: Here I stand, I can't do otherwise. We speak sometimes of the meeting place of the next Con- leaders in children's work have unknown soldier. Niemoller is a solgress in 1939. found of great value in cultivat- dier of Christ known the world over, ing a spirit of international and it is a matter of Protestant Following the London Con- goodwill among children. solidarity not to forget him. gress, discussion has been stim- -Pageant.

ulated in several countries as to The suitcases can be secured the difference-if any-between from the Committee on World the terms "Godless" and "Athe- Friendship among Children at Confessional Church Leaders ist." Leaders in Moscow who $1.00 each. When filled in ac- Thus far, 77 pastors and were asked to define the differ- cordance with instructions given church officials of the German

Confessional Church have been afford meat, butter or fruit, and foreign influence, and all probsuspended from office by Nazi tea is used only as medicine. A lems based on proven facts. authority. There are 49 pastors pound of sugar costs half a day's Such a movement cannot fail to who have been forbidden by the wage. "We have nothing but revolutionize Ban t u political, hope," says Mr. Kremenlieff, agricultural, economic, social, state to enter the parishes to "but hope is strong. We be- religious and cultural organizawhich the church has assigned them. But most crippling of all lieve Bulgaria needs the Prot- tions. are the national speech prohibi- estant Christian message." He -Indian Social Reformer. tions, Redeverbote. Recent in- believes that the friendship of formation states that 41 leaders Christian democracies means Youth Oonference at Efulan much to the small nations of toof the Confessional Church are The West Africa Mission at now forbidden to preach in pub- day, and particularly to those Efulan has had its first Youth lic. Church leaders anticipate a Conference. For weeks in adbitter struggle this winter over who are making a profound vance preparations had been gothe control of church finances. ing on. The office boys mimeo- Of the 26 church districts in struggle to keep alive faith and graphed illustrated invitations Germany, 22' already have state- in red and black type. Regisappointed finance commissioners. hope. -Advance. The majority of these commis- tration tags had been cut out by sioners are men openly hostile to AFRIOA the school girls, and 300 proorganized Christianity. grams mimeographed and bound Revision of the Koran in yellow covers. A huge gaso- -Pageant. line drum of peanuts had been A professor in Al Azhar Uni- versity, Cairo, threw a bomb- shell into Mohammedan circles by demanding the revision of the shelled, roasted and ground by Visitor f'rom Bulgaria Holy Koran-to bring it in line the younger dormitory girls.

Rev. A. F. Kremenlieff is in with the times. He declared The 300 programs proved inadethe United States as a represent- that the punishments required quate. Of the registered deleative of the Union of Congre- by the Koran should be revised, gates, 125 paid six cents for gational Churches in Bulgaria, their food, and slept in the dorto plead the cause of forty Con- and cited two verses as ex- mitories. gregational churches in that amples: thieves, both men and country which were started by women, must have their hands One of the most attractive fea- American missionaries about cut off, according to the Koran; tures was the music, composed seventy years ago. and in a case of adultery, both for the occasion. One of the guilty parties are to receive 100 French teachers, a pastor's son, The first American mission- lashes. These punishments, the wrote out native tunes, and the aries went to Bulgaria over 100 missionaries wrote words that years ago on their way to Tur- Sheikh avers, are out of con- expressed the Conference theme key, seeking a field there, but formity with modern civilization. -"Christ liveth in me." finding unexpectedly a receptive His pronouncement caused such a flurry that a deputation of pro- -Presbyterian Board News. fessors and Mohammedan clergy people in Bulgaria, remained to urged an investigation to deter- Evangelical Work in Angola teach and preach the Gospel. mine whether such punishments Thirty missionaries of the Amer- are really being carried out in The President of Portugal reican Board have been in Bul- the Mohammedan world today. cently visited Angola, and mani- -Religious News Service. fested his good will toward garia, and when the last was evangelical work' in various withdrawn three years ago, be- ways. It is expected that the cause the American Board could Emancipation of the Blacks Colonial Minister will make a no longer be financially responsible for the work, practically The All-Africa Convention in- longer stay, and thus have opall Bulgarians. could read, cludes representatives of the portunity to see at first hand the largely as a result of the mis- natives of all Africa. This As- value of this work. Among the sion's educational program. sembly has just organized a re- visitors at the biennial meeting of the Evangelical Alliance was Mr. Kremenlieff says that Bul- search department to deal with the Portuguese Inspector of garia is the only tolerant coun- all questions concerning in- Schools, who was there to extry in the Balkans, and the only digenous races in Africa, which plain Portuguese ideals of edu- promises to raise the standard country where there are seven cation; and still another encourschools of American origin. The and insure the efficiency of Af- aging fact is that a colonial people are peasants, obliged to rican leadership. The movement paper, normally favorable to live very simply. The church has been launched by Africans which Mr. Kremenlieff serves as of academic attainment, who Catholic missions only, has reminister is in a town of 7,000 hope to establish study groups cently called attention to the valinhabitants, where there is not along the line of cultural, reli- uable work of Protestant misa single motor car, no piano– gious. and social justice activi- sionary societies.

only two bicycles, and two pri- ties; fundamental causes of so- Recently the Portuguese vate telephones. Very few can cial degeneration, the extent of League of Evangelical and Mis-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sionary Action sent out the first Christ was the Messiah. He gave Progressive Iran !?ortuguese missionary to the his heart in faith to the Master Island of Sao Tome, where he is and announced his decision to The Shah is furthering a the only evangelical worker. At the congregation of which he movement to end illiteracy by first he encountered considerable had charge in one of the cities means of night schools for official opposition, but in re- of Palestine. At first they adults, and all illiterate adults sponse to a representation made thought he was mad, but were are required to attend. The b:y the League in Lisbon, permis- soon convinced that he was in municipalities which issue per- SIOn to preach has been granted his right mind and most sincere mits to various kinds of workers and as many as, 500 people have in what he said. He had to leave will refuse to do so, unless these attended the services. his position, of course, and was workers attend classes in the for some time in Beirut, but has various cities. Another sign of -World Dominion Pr~ss. now returned to the Holy Land. progress is seen in the new Girls' Handicraft School, where home- EASTERN ASIA -The Presbyterian. less girls in normal health, be- tween the ages of 12 and 18 are Near East Christian Council Refugees Too Long given free home care, with a three-year course of training in The Near East Christian "We have been refugees too domestic science, handicraft and long," an Armenian exclaimed child care. Council is the only cooperative bi~terly. But years of disap- pomtment and the unwillingness The Christian Church in Iran group in Bible lands, and is a of nations to admit them to citi- is the outgrowth of the work of zenship or even as temporary the Presbyterian Mission in the clearing house for information residents to give them a chance north, and the Church Mission- to make good, have still failed to ary Society in the south. The o~ work for Moslems and Jews. dull the aspirations of many that Church of both these missions they may yet be a nation, able to has a membership of more than FIve new organizations. were work, live and hope once more. 3,000. About 1,000 of these are ~h.e 10!1g drawn out misery of converted Moslems, more than ' received into membership in the hvmg m wretched shacks, ruin- 200 are converts from JUdaism, ing alike to their health and a few were formerly Zoroas- 90u~cil at its last meeting, mak- character, is in Syria gradually trians, and numbers are Arme- drawing to a close. In Aleppo nians and Assyrians. mg m all some forty missions there are less than 30 families now in the camps, but in Beirut -World Dominion Press. and Christian organizations in and Alexandretta there are still 2,000 or more carrying on a pre- INDIA AND BURMA full membership. The areas carious existence in the same tumbledown and leaky shelters, Are Hindus Losing Ground? represented on the Council are on the outskirts, of the city, as 16 years ago. A Hindu writer of Bombay North Africa, Egypt, Sudan says in an article in The Mah- It is amazing that they some- ratta: "The following figures Abyssinia, Syria and Palestine; how manage to retain a sem- indicate that the Hindus as a blance of decent home life, and community are deteriorating in Turkey, the Balkans, Arabia and spotless cleanliness. A few numbers. Between 1891 and straggling plants. in an old tin 1931, the total population of In- Mesopotamia, and Iran. The can are almost always to be seen, dia increased by 22 per cent in and not far off will be found a 40 years. But the percentage of Council cooperates with Sunday wooden shed (larger and more increase of Hindus was 15 per likely to be at least partially cent ~nd hence ~hey lost 7 per Schools and Bible Societies. watertight) which acts both as cent m populatIon; while the church and schoo1. Moslems increased by 35 per One of the converts, a former cent, and hence they gained 13 The Nansen Office for Refugee per cent. As against the gen- Jewish rabbi of Poland, was rid- Work closed at the end of 1938, eral average of increase the and although strong pressure Hindu numerical strength is i~g on a train one day in Pales- has been brought to bear on lower by 7 per cent; while all League officials in Geneva re- other communities have intme when he saw a man reading garding the need to replace it creased: Moslems by 35 per by a Refugees' Commission, to cent, Christians by 145 Sikhs a small book, and asked what it look after the interest and legal 127, Buddhists 79. The com- protection of the refugees, noth- parison of population between was. r"eTphlieedN. ewThTeesrtaabmbei n~ts"ktehde ing can yet be said as to the ac- 1891 and 1931 definitely shows man tual result. that Hindus alone are losing their numerical ground. "Why do you read a book of –.,-Evangelical Christian.

fables like that?" "Since you offer such a criticism," said the man, "I suppose you are very familiar with the New Testa- ment." The rabbi had to admit that he had never read it. Then the passenger went on: "Being a scholar, I am sure you will agree that it is not proper to speak good or evil of a book until one has read it. If you hwa~ine promise to read it, you may this Testament." The rabbi promised and took the Book. He began to read and was struck with the quotations in the Gos- pel of Matthew from the Old Testament, and the claim that they were fulfilled in Christ. He had not finished the first Gospel until he was convinced that

To Whom Shall They Go? Christian-Grace. A loving South India – the Scotch Pres- . It is. impressiv~ that so many suffering God rewards you; byterian, Lutheran, Methodist, m IndIa are lookmg wistfully to Jesus, and wondering if He is faith with the gift of righteous- Syrian Protestants and Anglican the friend they need. They have -makes some observations on ness. Continue ye in it. denominationalism. His experiseen the miracle of the loaves ences, he says, made him underand fishes reenacted in times of In the Etawah district Chris- stand the difference between the famine and scarcity in the his- East and the West in this retory of Christian Missions; they tians continually suffer for their spect. In the West, denominahave come within range of the tionalism is a history of mis- Church's ministry in medicine faith. "Take these 500 rupees understandings and quarrels; in and education; hope has been and forsake your Christian reli- the East, it is a history of enrevived by the scheme of rural richment because there has been reconstruction, and they have gion-or if you don't I shall soon so much cooperation. "This good point comes from the Lutherheard of "the Bread of Life that dispossess you of your alapnod~"r ans," or "that good thing comes cometh down from heaven" and said a Hindu landlord to from the Methodists." Someare not turning away. ' This village Christian. "I don't want times when one mission fails trend is as marked among through lack of support in the aboriginal peoples as among the 500 rupees. I wreapnlty-Cahstrios~ti"shi­s Depressed Classes. the astonishing home field, another mission steps in and takes hold. Here and In the hills of Assam a Chris- ing because that amount of there one finds one member of a tian leader, speaking for himself family an Anglican, another a money represents at least three years' income for him. That was several months ago. The landlord has already partially made good his threat by craftily and unlawfully taking part of his land.

and his clan, made this observa- Village Improvement through Methodist; upon asking why, t~on: ~'The future of our people the Church one finds it is because one brother moved from an Anglican lIes wIth Jesus Christ: only as we are loyal to Him, can we As a project of the "Rural neighborhood into a Methodist prosper as a people." From un- Reconstruction through a Liv- one, so that often one's denomlettered villagers in the Bhil ing Church," a clean-up village ination is determined by geogcountry comes a similar state- contest was undertaken. Rev. raphy, rather than dogma – a ment: "For us, Jesus Christ is J. C. Heinrich writes in Agri- by-product of the "comity of the true Guru: He alone can cultural Mission Notes: "We missions." save us." finished our Clean Village Chal- -The Mission Field.

What Is Religion? lenge Cup Contest on April v1i6l~ Christian President of a with an inspection of seven Rev. M. S. Pinkerton, of lages that made up the finals out Municipality Etawah, North India, writes of of one hundred villages that conan unusual meeting in the city tested. We had to cover 150 When the municipality of bazaar. A crowd composed of miles of village roads in one day, adherents of different religions and anyone who knows Indian Manmad first exercised its right had assembled to hear addresses village roads will tell you that under the new constitution to on "What Is Religion?" Four that is some covering. Martin- elect its own president, it unanireligions were represented by pur took first place." Mr. Hein- mously chose Mr. C. G. Chhatre, spokesmen: Jain, Sikh Hindu a former headmaster of one of an.d Christian. One could hardly rich and all the judges had a the Zenana Bible and Medical thmk of a broader subject, and meal with the Mohammedan dis- Mission's schools, who is wellto condense it into a half hour trict magistrate who is an old was not easy. student of Forman Christian known for his fine Christian College and has been a strong character. That the first free The Hindi term dhurm is in- backer of this clean village choice should fall upon a Christ~rpreted as either religion or effort. tian, is a matter for deep satisrIghteousness. Mr. Pinkerton faction. was the first speaker on the This R u r a 1 Reconstruction Christian dhurm. He tells us movement, which has a yearly Mr. Chhatre came as a master that a "thumb-nail" summary of grant from the government, has all the talks would be: to the Mission's Paton Memorial great possibilities. As a result Sikh-Be strong; follow your of fertilization and irrigation the School when only nineteen. As Teacher. wheat crop has more than doubled, a third factor in this the years passed, his aim became Jain – Knowledge of self. improvement being the use of Know thyself to be God, all selected seed from government increasingly the glory woof nGhoid~ powerful and righteous within experiment farms. and his life and witness the reputation of being incor- ruptible in all public affairs, and satisfied with none but the very best workmanship in all he thyself. Don't beg from God. undertook. His wife was head- Hindu-Works. Do righteous- The "Comity of Missions" mistress of the Hindu Girls' Mis- sion School for many years, and ness according to the rules of Mr. A. L. Jackson, after vis- won the trust of all around her. iting a number of missions in At a mass meeting held in his your caste or sect.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

honor after the election, Brah- children be given the opportu- the importance of this work in a mins, Hindus, Mohammedans, statement he made in 1926: Mahars and Christians all took nity to become useful members part. Speaking of Mr. Chhatre's "The conclusion was driven in character, one Hindu said it is of society. It is therefore pro- upon us that the Indian villager what it is because he follows the posed that these destitute chil- is not helped unless he is helped teachings of the Bible. dren be removed to some healthy simultaneously in every phase of spot outside the city, and be di- his life, and in regard to every -The Indian Witness. Vided according to their inclina- relationship he bears to others. tions and possibilities. Those The service must be comprehen- Among the Bhils who are capable of taking an sive to get anywhere, and it must education will be put in one in- be simultaneously comprehen- Rev. J. C. Koenig writes in the stitution, where special attention sive. In other words, what is Outlook of Missions of a visit will be paid to their mental de- wanted is not reform but reconmade to Ratlam, a station in velopment. Those who have an struction, from the center out Central India (where 20,000 aptitude to learn some industry and all around." were received into the Church will be put into an Industrial within the past twelve months) School. Those suffering from CHINA to work in collaboration with the mental deformity will be put in missionary there on the manu- another institution. About 100 Can Communists Be Christian? script of a union hymnal. In the acres of land would be required course of a fifty-mile drive to carry out this plan. Rev. Donald D. Rees, of Hanthrough the district, groups of kow, has been talking with a smiling Christians were met in -Baptist Missionary Re- missionary doctor, who thought nearly every village. In some view (India). it would be well to create a betvillages all inhabitants had ac- ter understanding between the cepted Christ, in others half of Rural Reconstruction in "Eighth Route Army" and the population, seldom less. Burma Christians. To this end he has There are nearly 400 villages been traveling through Shansi. with Christians in that area. Mr. Brayton C. Case, of He everywhere met a friendly Burma, reports a Rural Recon- response. Some of the listeners These new converts are Bhils; struction Rally in connection came afterward and said that their former religion, animism. with the meeting of the Burma they, too, were Christians. He Gone now is their fear of evil Christian Council. A resolution also met a number of the highest spirits; they believe that Christ was passed recommending that authorities among the Comis present to protect them in all mission stations have Rural Re- munists, and they all told him situations. Whereas drunken- construction committees to help they had nothing but friendly ness had been all too common, village churches carryon this feelings for missionaries. It the liquor vendors are now put form of activity along the lines seemed advisable to have this in to it to make a living. Officials of improved economic life, health writing, so when he met General testify that they have ceased to and recreation. Recreation is Chu Teh, in supreme command be a police problem. thought of in terms of its wider of the Red Army, he asked him significance as including inner for a message he could carry When the first Bhil inquirers spiritual renewal as well as so- back to other parts of China. presented themselves to the mis- cial stimulus. It is urged that Here is an English translation sionary he doubted their sin- these activities become a part of of the document: cerity, so to test them he empha- the normal expression of the sized that every true Christian Christian spirit in v i II age The Eighth Route Army expresses desires that others may be saved. churches. The Burma Christian its thanks and gratitude for the kind- "Teach your neighbors and bring Council committee will work out ness and help rendered to China by them to me," he said, "then I wggested activities for village the foreign missionaries during her shall baptize you." After some Christians, and the Judson Col- war of resistance, especially to those ti~e one inquirer came bringing lege group is asked to make up doctors and nurses who work under half a village with him, all of some traveling exhibits which great difficulties and dangers. Their them asking for baptism. This may be used along visual educa- work in China not only means a great test is still applied to every in- tion lines at suitable public oc- deal to the Chinese army, but also quirer. casions. renders tremendous service to Chinese refugees and people. I hope that our Beggar Children's Village Another resolution called the international friends will continue to attention of Mission Boards to support China's war against aggres- A children's village in the the desirability of recruiting sion, and that those doctors and nurses suburbs of Bombay, where desti- rural station missionaries from in the war zone will remain there to tute children can be housed and those who have had agricultural work. Furthermore, we welcome our trained, is contemplated by the college training. foreign friends to extend further their government of Bombay. There service in aiding China by taking care are nearly 10,000 homeless, beg- The late K. T. Paul, Rural of the sick and wounded in the war gar children in Bombay, and it Secretary of the National Coun- zone. The Eighth Route Army has no is felt to be essential that these cil of the Y. M. C. A., India, prejudice against missionaries. On Burma and Ceylon, recognized the contrary, we welcome them. For our war of resistance not only fights for the independence and freedom of

the Chinese nation, but also for the About 80 were present in the about 50,000 of them, who have maintenance of world peace. In this respect our goal is just the same. morning and 70 in the afternoon. been set adrift by the tides of There was preaching, singing war. Of this number, about (Signed) CHU TEH. 40,000 are now being cared for and testimonies, including Mr. by various philanthropic socie- -The Living Church. Tung's. DR. H. E. HENKE.

Refugees Want Bibles "The Three Musketeers" ties, while the other 10,000 roam the streets. Bishop Roberts, of Refugees who, in the stress of This is the name given admir- the Episcopal Church, received getting away, left their Bibles ingly to three Murdoch sisters, a letter from the Chinese pastor behind are buying new ones, say- Presbyterian missionaries in of St. Peter's Church in Shanging they cannot get along with- Hwaiyuan, China: Doctor Ag- hai in which he said: out their Bibles. Copies are be- nes, Nurse Margaret and Teaching made available not only for er-Evangelist Mary. The war A Refugee Children's Educational retreating Chinese, but also for caught them en route to China Committee has been organized to prothe invaders. The famous "Dare after furlough, and they were vide some schooling for these unforto Die" battalion in the final stopped in Shanghai, unable to tunate children. About twenty thousiege of Shanghai were all pro- get permission to go into the in- sand are receiving the benefit of two vided with pocket Testaments. terior. While marooned there, hours' schooling a day. The Govern- It will be recalled that restric- they took charge of a hospital ment has subsidized the ChildWelfare tions placed on the teaching of for Chinese war victims which Association with a certain sum of the Bible in mission schools has had been set up in the second money to care for the orphans only. been repealed. story of the old Chinese Cham- It is hoped that after the war the ber of Commerce building. Dr. Government will be able to provide – Watchman-Examiner. Agnes and Nurse Margaret fol- accommodations for all the orphans in lowed their usual professions, the country. The Government has Result of a Cure and Teacher-Evangelist Mary been collecting orphans in various places and has sent them to the in- A merchant of Shunteh, North terior to be taken care of. It is alleged that the Japanese are also collecting stray children in the occupied zones and have shipped thousands to Japan China, Mr. Tung Ming Shao, was kept the books. In tIme the pup- for some unknown purpose. One re- port is that they are to be imbued successfully operated on for pet Chinese government of the with Japanese ideas. amoebic abscess of the liver at district, moving its offices into the Hugh O'Neill Memorial Hos- the first floor of the building, As to war widows,-the Shanghai International Red Cross gave me a pital. Some weeks later he threatened to seize the upper figure of no less than 10,952 as asked the church people to come floors. "They won't do that "women without relatives and supto his home to hold meetings, easily," laughed one missionary port" from their camps. How many are outside the camps, they cannot and those who went were given informant, "for the Murdoch sis- tell.

a handbill which Mr. Tung had ters in themselves are equal to had printed for distribution. half a dozen puppet govern- Evangelists for Manchuria ments !" The following is a free transla- Finally, came permission to go Several missions are repre- . tion: sented in the student body of the Greetings; I used to get a disease into the interior, and they Newchwang Bible School in of big abdomen. Many doctors do not started immediately. Reaching Nanking they were given the Manchuria. The latest annual know what the disease was. And also report indicates that on the fac- choice of proceeding on a they haven't any way to cure it. Then crowded military train or wait- ulty and Board of the school are ing for the regular train. They representatives of the British I went to the Gospel Hospital of west decided on the military train as and Foreign Bible Society, the surer way of arriving. The of the south suburb, Shuntehfu City. next stage was Pengpu, where American Southern Baptists, Rpformed Presbyterians and On one side their doctors did their best they stayed overnight in a con- vent; and the last lap was on a others. Twenty-one student"! to me and on the other hand, I flatboat loaded with wine casks graduated last June, and all of and piled with rifles and machine them have found work wfth prayed very eagerly to Jesus Christ. guns. Hwaiyuan reached at last, churches, schools or hospitals no one met them; no one had I only stayed there one month and my dreamed they could get through in Manchuria. Visitors to the so soon. Heads lifted as they School are impressed with the heavy disease had been cured. This earnestness of the stu den t s, came along the street – war- the consecration of the teachers, is really wonderful. And I deeply strained faces broke into smiles the administration and the of recognition. strategic location in the heart of feel that Jesus cured me by their doc- -Monday Morning. the city, where students have tor's hands. They favored me so abundant opportunity to preach the Gospel. -The Christian. much that I should like to make it known to others. Therefore, on the 11th of the 5th moon from 10 to 12 in the morning and 3 to 5 in the after- noon at #64 of Indigo Market Street, I will invite the members of the Pres- byterian Mission to come to preach the Gospel, and I will also express out my former disease to you in detail. We will be very welcome if you have time to come. I am, (signed) Tung Ming Shao. .

When the day came for the "Wolf" Children Tibet's "Gospel Inn" service, benches were borrowed from neighbors, tea and water- The "wolf" children of Shang- The Gospel Inn, which came melon seeds were prepared. hai are homeless, hungry waifs, into being through the gift of a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Moravian convert, is now an ac- sions, who has recently returned survival from slave days, and complished fact. The wayfarer from Japan reports 2,000,000 they are so despised that even may feed and stable his horse, Japanese under arms. News and children will have nothing to do and find for himself a shelter speech are rigidly censored; with them. When boys and girls and a resting-place, and the even to utter the word "individ- from this class were invited to a needful things. wherewith to cook ualism" may endanger one's lib- special Sunday school program his food. An evangelist goes in erty; all the Church is feeling in Kyoto, the regular pupils met and out, engaging the travelers the pressure of Government reg- them with a shower of stones.

in conversation, and by word ulation. Obviously, it is not easy "What about being kind?" the and example setting forth the for a small group of Protestant claims of Jesus Christ. So prac- teachers asked. "That will do tical and picturesque a way of Christians (204,000 out of for other folks," said the chilspreading the Gospel appeals to 67,000,000) to carryon their dren, "but we won't stay if they the pilgrim, the trader, and the program, yet the wonderful come to our program." Finally, thing is that the work is going a compromise was worked out; wayfarer alike, and each goes on on, and with added emphasis. the visitors stayed in one group his way refreshed and rested. Except in the necessity for far from the platform and the He carries in his mind a mem- cautiousness of statement, there ordinary pupils near the stage. ory of Christian charity: the has been no need for curtailment As the program progressed, Name of Jesus has sounded in of the religious program of any everyone became so interested his ears. -Life of Faith. school. No school reports inter- that segregation was forgotten.

JAPAN-CHOSEN nal difficulty and several are con- By the time the illustrated talk scious of an increased sense of on the childhood of Jesus came Government Seeks Hold intimacy and Christian fellow- on, all the children crowded on Churches ship between the missionary and around the teacher, with all so- Japanese members of their fac- cial lines wiped out.

Whereas the Japanese govern- ulties. The Oral School for the -Monday Morning. ment now deals with Christian Deaf in Tokyo made application churches as individual congre- to the gqvernment for incorpora- Their Happiest Class gations, it seems likely that in tion in January, but its applicathe future they will be dealt "With tion was denied because the A young missionary teaching according to their denomina- school's charter contained the English in the Girls' School in tional grouping, if the final draft words, "based on Christian prin- Tokyo gave a written assignment of the new regulatory law for ciples." The Mission voted to on "Why I Am Glad I Came to supervision of religious bodies forego the privileges of incor- Joshi Gakuin." She was not exaccepts the opinion current poration rather than remove the pecting the comment made by among members of the Educa- offending, but very fundamental every girl in the class. Some tion Ministry committee now clause. liked the good looking uniform studying the law. It is expected of the School; others were inthat each group would be re- In evangelism the watchword terested in the frequent visits of quired to select a representative has been "forward"; in fact, the foreign guests and still others who would be responsible to the Japanese Church recognizes the were pleased with the friendly government for keeping order in work of the missionaries as so spirit of the School, in contrast his group, and for seeing that important that it is asking that with government schools; yet his group obeys government reg- more workers be sent out. In everyone of the girls mentioned ulations and who would act as a response to this request, the her joy in attending the daily liaison between the government mission has sent the following chapel service. and the group. A reporter of appeal to the Board in New The Japan Advertiser was told York: -Monday Morning. by a representative of the Education Min i s try that these The Mission wishes to put itself on Records Broken in Chosen changes are being recommended record with all possible emphasis that in order to secure a closer con- these requests of the Japanese Church All Bible Institutes and Connection between the government cannot be treated lightly and should ferences in Korea have had recand the Christian churches, and be filled at the earliest possible mo- ord-breaking attendance during to make it possible for the gov- ment. Such opportunities do not wait! the year. Not only that- stuernment to make effective use of The fact that Japan is now involved dents have manifestly experithe Christian church groups in in a great emergency simply heightens enced spiritual uplift. Growth educating the people in the na- the urgency of these requests. With- in local societies and increased tional spirit of Japan. out possible doubt Japan is the dom- efficiency on the part of leaders inant nation of the Far East, so that are most gratifying. A new Working Under Difficulty as goes Japan, so goes the Orient. phase of this Institute work has This may truly be the last opportunity been in the line or correspond- Dr. Willis Lamott, new Direc- within this generation, at least, to en- ence. There have been sent ter what is still an open door. through the mail 369 Japanese, "Water-Level People"

tor of Publicity for the Presby- J apan has a class caned 127 Korean and 3 Chinese copies terian Board of Foreign Mis- "water-level people," probably a of the Gospel of John, with about

a dozen key verses marked in red received as much attention as tirely withdrawn its financial ink and a tract entitled, "Have they should have, and so there is support, but agrees not to paryou heard about Jesus?" now under consideration a ticipate in the management of Philippine Committee of the the Church, or exercise any con- About ten days later, these Foreign Missions Conference of trol over its teaching. were followed up with a tract North America, similar to those and a copy of the pamphlet, on the Far East, India and Af- Native congregations are now "Catechism on the Apostles' rica, through which interest is raising annually $6,000 to carry Creed," which will give them the created in these fields. the Gospel to unreached heathen gist of the essential doctrines of in New Guinea. salvation. At a meeting of the American Council of Missionary Boards -Moody Monthly. The rolls of the 84 churches Related to the Philippines last were gone over, and a handwrit- March, it was recommended that New Guinea Wilds ten invitation sent to every this Council become the Philipyoung baptized man on the roll, pine Committee of the Foreign Wild tribes in the center of urging those who had never Missions Conference; that its New Guinea's mandated terristudied in the Bible Institute to functions be mainly consultative tory, visited for the first time in do so and those who had already and advisory, and that it con- 1933, are no longer isolated. entered to come and continue stantly study policies and pro- Permanent government and mistheir course. There were some- gram for Christian work in the sion outposts have been estabthing over 200 of these letters Islands. It was also recom- lished there. When the discovsent out. One interesting result mended that one of the Secre- ery of about 200,000 people in was that quite a number who taries of the Foreign Missions this interior who had never had become slack in their attend- Conference be assigned for part- heard of Great Britain, the ance began coming to church time work in the Philippines. WorId War or the League of Naagain. tions, it was inconceivable that -Evangelical Bulletin. so huge a population could have Letters of sympathy, encour- remained unheard of 'So long. agement and assurance of inter- Protestants on Moluccas But since their discovery, extenest and prayers have gone out Islands sive developments have taken from the station, as well as the place. Five government outmonthly letters and leadership The Moluccas are the spice posts, manned by European ofmaterial that go to the country islands of the Dutch East Indies. ficers and native police recruited churches. The Protestant religion was in other parts of the territory, brought there in 1615 by the and ten missions are introducing Many Handicaps Dutch East India Company, who government and church in- brought ministers as well as fluence. Numerous m iss ion Rev. Edward Adams, of merchants. For three centuries schools have been founded in Taiku, Korea, in his annual per- Christian work was supervised various parts of the plateau, no sonal report, says the political from the island Amboina, and part of which is less than 5,000 atmosphere is far from con- the Dutch government supported feet above sea level. The climate ducive to Christian teaching, the undertaking, fully aware of is invigorating; hot days, but and adds: "You may read quite the civilizing influence of the nights cold enough to require a bit into that statement without Gospel. In 1935 a new epoch many blankets. The tribes differ danger of exaggeration." Five began, when both Church and in language, type and culture; years ago a week of meetings Government felt strongly that some are war-like. would bring from 100 to 200 de- the Church of the Spice Islands cisions; today, the number sel- should learn to stand on its own A recent visitor describes dom goes over 50. Wild rumors feet. A synod was called, and some of the types. Quills, shells, are afloat as to what will happen after a constitution for the new tusks, pieces of tin, even shirt to one who becomes a Christian. Church had been drafted, it re- buttons adorn the holes punc- Permission to hold meetings ceived both ecclesiastical and tured in ears and nose. Huge rests with local officials. Mr. governmental approval. The of- bunches of leaves hung from the Adams is convinced that the best ficial ties were severed and the back provide a cushion to sit on. way to meet the situatiOl; is to independent Moluksche Protes- The skin of the young girls emphasize evangelism. tantsche Kerk came into being, shines with pig grease. Some with a synod and nine mission are painted from head to foot ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC districts. Some idea as to the with vivid red, except forehead size of this Church may be gath- and nose, which stood out in con- Responsibility for the ered from the fact that there are spicuous black. Philippines 179,458 baptized members, or- ganized into 577 congregations, A system of roads is being de- Americans have very meager and served by 437 nat i v e veloped, and the people are enknowledge of the Filipinos, their preachers. couraged to cultivate gardens. needs and possibilities. As to be Long, spadelike sticks are used expected, the Islands have not The government has not en- for this purpose.

-New York Times.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Central Africa Revisited. By D. M. Although he has spent only Even at these forbidding fron- Miller. Illus. 121 pp. 28. Africa tiers, the gates. open obstinately. Inland Mission. London.. 1938. seven years there, he has been Far back in the nineties of last century, Dr. Susie Carson Rijn- After an absence of some fif- able to delve beneath the surface teen years the author went on a hart, with her husband and intour of more than sixteen thou- and discover the depth of char- fant son,entering through the sand miles in Central Africa. latter gateway, reached the He was able to address over acter, the pathos and the humor twenty thousand people and vis- of the West African in a re- Lhasa district in Inner Tibet, but ited many of the stations and at the cost of the lives of her outposts familiar to him in pio- markable way. His experience two loved ones, and herself to neering days. be uncompromisingly ejected. has been wide, and his under- The great changes he saw in During the same decade, and facilities of travel, governments, standing and sympathy must reactions to the Gospel message, attempting entrance at the same missionary development and or- have made him a valuable mis- general Gateway, two young ganization were thrillingly en- sionary. couraging. The difficult task of men of the Christian and Mismaking a rapid tour of a great Certain chapters of this book sionary Alliance, the vanguard area is reported, and Mr. Miller are of outstanding value and inincludes vivid descriptions of of the Kansu-Tibetan Border country, the inhabitants, mission terest. The one on "West Africa Mission, reached the frontier stations and the hazardous ex- city of Old Taochow. This book citement of African travel. through the Centuries" shows an is the story of that great adven- Heartening accounts· of the immense amount of research ture, a thrilling tale of more spiritual awakening sweeping work, and will be of especial in- than two score years. These inover many parts of Central trepid pioneers, and the forces Africa are followed by the au- terest to anyone who studies histhor's reminder that the work of tory in the light of the happen- that followed, found themselves Protestant Missions in Africa at a natural divide between the must be carried on .against a ings of the present day. plains. and rolling farmlands of four-fold front – the paganism China proper and the forest clad of a passing age; Mohammedan- The author's explanations of ranges, deep ravines and grassism, the restless competitor of Christianity in large parts of native customs and superstitions covered plateaus of outer Tibet. Africa; non-evangelical activity This region during its long hiswhich is spreading with alarm- are accurate and readable and tory has been the meeting place ing rapidity; and modern materialistic civilization. show deep sympathy and love and battle ground of several branches of the human family, L. K. ANDERSON. for the African. and descendants of these still in- habit the area and struggle for Soudan's Second Sunup. By Des- Anyone with a taste for hunt- mond W. Bittinger. 1 map, 8 pages ing will get a real thrill from supremacy. Chief of these are of illustrations. 252 pp. Price, $2. the Chinese from the East, the Elgin Press, Elgin, Ill. 1937. reading the chapter on "Game Tibetans from the West and the One who has lived for many Trails," in which Mr. Bittinger Moslems from the ancient highyears in West Africa finds it re- way of Asia to the North West. freshing to read a book which tells more than one hair-raising Indeed again and again during gives one's own impressions in such a vivid and engaging way. experience. In another chapter, the decades recorded in this story, Moslems have risen in re- Mr. Bittinger is a missionary entitled: "Just what does a mis- bellion; Tibetans have made under the Church of the Breth- sionary do, anyhow?" he gives ren in the interior of the Soudan. border raids and Chinese have the intimate details of the sys- fought their way back to at least nominal control. The record of tem used by his Mission for such sanguinary struggles, plus bringing the Gospel to the peo- the awful scourge of the White Wolf savages and the more re-. ple of their district, and for edu- cent Communist commotions, make these pages a stirring mod- cating the young people.

The book is altogether delight- ful and valuable to study classes, ministers, and others interested in Africa. MARY R. GOOD.

Gateway to Tibet. By Robert B. Ek- vall, B.A., F.R.G.S. 8 vo. 198 pp. Christian Publications, Inc. Har- risburg, Pa.

There are all too few Gate- ways to the almost impenetrable Land of the Lamas – North Eastern India, Western Sze- Chwan, North Western Kansu.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishens on receipt of price.

[61 ]

ern history of that far-away he tells a story – and what a Japanese people. These lectures region. story!-which, as D. J. Findley have just been published in this But the author's motive is to says, is "more like a chapter in attractive volume. They are de- record quite another struggle. It a modern Acts of the Apostles" lightful reading, characterized is that of establishing Christ's than a book on missions. to a high degree by ability, wis- rule in those unruly regions. The story is divided into six- dom, breadth of view and fre- Work among the Moslems has teen short chapters which deal quent sparkles of wit. Whoever also been carried on with cour- with the work of a young man wishes to know what is best in age and has in some instances and his wife in the inland city Japan and the Japanese, and we won their admiration and friend- of Joazeiro, Brazil. This city, trust that the number is large, ship. But to change allegiance entirely unevangelized and un- should read this book. It shows from the Prophet of Arabia to friendly to the Evangelical mis- that there are better Japanese the Christ means death. One sionaries, is located in the ma- than those who are now ravag- laria-infested valley of the San ing China. Incidentally, it helps did so. Here is the sequel: "Two months later when one Francisco River. Mr. and Mrs. Americans to see themselves and of the missionaries rode through Duncan did the "impossible," their discrimination against J apthe threatening dangers and all under the guidance and power anese in migrants as a fair- the horrors of a freshly sacked of God's Spirit. They started minded Japanese observer sees city to see if there were any to without one Christian disciple us. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

be saved, the mutilated bodies and after five years they were The Poems and Verse of Betty Scott of Chi-ko-tse and his family lay able to build a church in which Starn. Portrait. 8 Vo. 129 pp.

outside the compound gate." there were hundreds of adher- Kelly & Walsh, Ltd., Shanghai, In happy contrast to this, the ants, with a commodious build- China. 1938.

freedom-loving Chinese, whether ing, and without incurring any The name of Betty Scott Stam in rich farming regions or debt. The first Brazilian pastor is known far and wide as the among the merchants and sol- of this church was won to Christ charming and brave young misdiers of the frontier, have heard under Mr. Duncan's ministry. sionary who, with her husband, the message gladly and in city, There is need for more mis- was killed by Chinese commutown and mud-walled mart sionaries like the Duncans to nists in 1934. The "Miracle groups great and small are form- show that the day of miracles is Baby," Priscilla, was saved and ing into a self-sustaining, self- not past. Evidences of this fact is now a charming little girl, livgoverning and self-propagating that God is working would lead ing with her grandparents, Dr. church of Christ. the church at home to support and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, in The major motive of the mis- missionary work more ade- Shantung, China. sion has been however, "to send quately. A. H. PERPETUO. These poems and blank verse, a missionary to Tibet and keep Lectures on Japan. By Inazo Nitobe. lovingly.gathered and published him there." In this respect too 373 pp. $2.00. University of Chi- cago Press. Chicago. 1938. for wider reading, reveal a rethe great dream has come true. markably beautiful and poetic In these times of universal character. The earliest was Not one but several workers are condemnation of the Japanese, it written when Betty was only is well that this book should re- eight and a half years old and now holding the fort in widely mind us that not all Japanese are the last ones twenty-seven years ruthless militarists. What Dr. later. They cover many subscattered stations. Long jour- Nitobe's attitude would be to- jects-nature, family, college ward his country's present in- life, human love, and Christian neys have been taken, even vasion of China cannot be thought and devotion. They are known, for he died in 1933. But worth reading. The collection reaching to the Goloks of the we do know that he was a man makes an excellent gift book worthy of all honor, a fine schol- and, like the story of "The Trigrass-lands, and there are invi- ar, a true statesman, a Christian umph of John and Betty Stam," gentleman of broad sympathies by Mrs. Howard Taylor, may be tations and earnest intentions to and international reputation. He purchased from the China In- was an active member of the land Mission, Germantown, Pa. visit peoples in the regions yet staff of the League of Nations in Geneva for seven years. He was The Christ. By A. Wendell Ross, far beyond the border mountain president of the Institute of Pa- D.D. Fleming H. Revell Company, cific Relations in 1929-31, and at New York, N. Y. 222 pp. $2.00. ranges. In twelve courageous chapters, The book is written with fine clarity and courage and contains information and inspiration for all who are and should be mis- sionary minded. A good map, some illustrations and a compre- hensive introduction add much to the understanding of the story. J. L. STEWART.

A Missionary Arrives in Brazil. By the time of his death was chair- Dr. Ross, a Kansas pastor, places T. Bentley Duncan. 192 pp. 28. 6d. man of the Japanese Council of the life of Christ before us as it Pickering and Inglis Ltd. London. the Institute. In the last year affects people today. With rare 1938. of his life, on his ninth visit to skill he blends the facts of the In the above volume Mr. Dun- America, he delivered a series of Gospel record with the needs of can does not generalize, or lectures on the social, political modern men. The result is a preach a sermon on missions; and cultural development of the solid study of the Redeemer

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

which has the authority of au- love for God, his sacrificial devo- value. It consists of series of thentic history fused with the tion to the masses and the addresses on the Apostle's Creed, force of contemporaneity. strength of his Christian convic- in the chapel of the Lutheran The chapters include "Jesus tions. Theological Seminary at Mt.

and Childhood," "Jesus and In the Italian artist, Leonardo Airy, by the late president of Women," "Jesus and Marriage," the Seminary. It is difficult to "Jesus and Modern Life," and da Vinci, Dr. Eastman sees also "Jesus and Tomorrow." Each the engineer and scientist born say anything new on a subject presents the treasures of Christ's out of wedlock and left in pov- Person and power as they satisfy erty at his father's death. He which has been so often disthe spiritual needs of believing did not have the schooling that people. The exaltation of Jesus cussed; but it is worth while to the Christ, the Son of the living the times offered but learned God, strikes a responsive chord from nature and in the school of have an old subject presented in in the reader's heart. The au- experience. At eighteen he came thor also shows how the evils a fresh and effective manner. and hypocrisies of Christ's day into touch with a famous natuare experimented in our day. ralist and astronomer and Ver- Dr. Jacob's purpose was not Dr. Ross successfully fulfils his rochio, a sculptor. He was aim: "to emphasize that the charged with heresy by the theological but devotional. Of New Testament Gospel will bring salvation, peace and eter- Church, was handicapped by course, he has expressed theonal life to all who believe." lack of funds but finally be- came court painter to Francis 1. logical views and he has occa- R. I. LINDQUIST. His painting of the "Last Sup- sionally raised questions that he Men of Power. Vol. II. By Fred per" nearly perished because he Eastman. 8 vo. 186 pp. $1.50. used oil paint on a clay base over has not adequately answered. Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn. a damp refectory wall. But Leo- 1938. But the book as a whole is wise, nardo da Vinci's work survives. Lessons may be learned from luminous and helpful to a high each of these four famous men. degree, a tonic to faith and an aid to devotion. All who read will henceforth repeat this an- cient creed with a fuller and richer understanding of its meaning. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

The New Testament: a Translation in the Language of the People. By Charles B. Williams. 575 pp. $2.50. Bruce Humphries, Inc. Boston. These skillfully condensed bi- The Church Takes Root In India. By 1938. ographies deal with men famous Basil Mathews. Map. 12 mo. 198 in religion, art, war and litera- pages. $1.00 cloth. 60 cents paper. New Scripture translations by ture. The author is professor of Friendship Press, New York. 1938. Literature and Drama in the individuals are becoming numer- Chicago Theological Seminary The Church in the mission field is the main topic to be con- ous. While they cannot be conand has already published a sim- sidered at the coming Madras ilar volume dealing with Thomas Conference. India is one of the sidered substitutes for the stand- J efferson, Charles Dickens, Mat- most colorful, varied and im- ard versions, they are often help- portant mission fields in the thew Arnold and Louis Pasteur. world. It is the subject for mis- ful for comparative readings. Dr. Eastman draws a realistic sion study this coming year and This translation has been made Mr. Basil Mathews, who has repicture, dwelling on the weak cently visited India, has written by a well-known Baptist scholar this as the senior textbook. He points of his characters as well has a graphic, popular style, is who has made many contribuas revealing their strength and well acquainted with his subject tions to Biblical literature and and knows how to write. He exegesis, and is now Professor achievements. He shows Oliver gives a very "spotty" picture of of Greek and Ethics in Union Cromwell to be a stern, bloody India in brief compass. After de- University, Jackson, Tenn. He scribing village life and the says that "our aim is to make soldier and dictator, as well as a changing times in India, he tells this greatest book in the world religious zealot and self-sacrific- of the progress of Christianity readable and understandable by ing statesman. John Milton he and the building of the Church. the plain people," and that "this pictures not only as a poetic gen- The book has a good map, sta- is not a word-for-word transla- tistical tables, a helpful topical tion; it is rather a translation of ius, but as a political pam- reading list of eighty books and the thoughts of the writers. It phleteer, unloved by his own an index. Here is an excellent iS,the thoughts of our New Tesdaughters and h a v i n g few introduction to a fascinating tament, not its single words that subject. we have tried to translate." friends when he died at sixty Such an objective involves a risk years of age in blindness and that, in attempting to state what poverty. Francis of Assisi is a translator thinks that the in- spired writers intended to conpictured as an unusual man, a vey, he may sometimes be miswandering friar, "God's Troubadour," who exemplified voluntary poverty, humility, love and joy that was in conflict with prevail- The Faith of the Church. By taken, or unconsciously influing desire for wealth, mingled Charles M. Jacobs. 114 pp. $1.00. enced by his own theological pre- with pride, hatred and fear. The United Lutheran Pub. House. suppositions. Most Bible stusources of Francis' power are Philadelphia. 1938. dents are more desirous of know- stated as having been: his moth- We have read this little book ing just what the inspired er, his spiritual experience, his with warm appreciation of its writers actually said than in

knowing what any translator some of the great changes tak- Amos and the Famine of the thinks that they meant to say. ing place and their relation to Word; Hosea on Sin, Judgment, While the colloquial style of pres- Biblical prophecy and the future Love; Nahum on the Vengeance ent-day English lacks the stately of the Jews. The facts he brings of God; Habakkuk on the Probrhythm of the standard versions, out are of tremendous interest lems of Faith. Pastors and we feel sure that many students and importance, and the end is young Bible students will find will be grateful to this devout not yet. Read what he says, these brief, popular studies esscholar who has earnestly sought whether you do or do not agree pecially helpful. with the author in his concluto make the New Testament sions. Look on the Fields. By James more easily and fully understood. Stephen. 192 pp. IlIus. 28. 6d.

A. J. B. Impending Great Events. By John Pickering & Inglis. London. 1938. Ritchie. 12mo. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Prophecy and the Tottering Nations. Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow, 1938. Hoping to deepen interest in By Keith L. Brooks. 12mo. 100 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Publishing House, These addresses on "The Sec- the program of evangelization in Grand Rapids, Mich., 1938. ond Coming of Christ and sub- sequent Events" were delivered every land, the author has col- The editor of "Prophecy in Great Britain and in North Monthly" and author of "The and South America, but there is lected brief surveys of the work Jew and the Passion for Pales- nothing to indicate when. The tine," gives here an interesting author believes that the return in 34 different fields, made by study of Biblical Prophecy and of Christ draws near. Many modern times. This is all we earnest students of prophecy resident workers. The book has know of the author, an English- and of history agree with him man who has revised and en- and the possibility of the ap- value because it appraises the larged his earlier prophetic proach of this great event makes studies on the Last Days and the the study and preparation for it changed conditions in almost Second Coming. They are worthy every part of the world, due to government restrictions and other menacing forces.

Some encouraging features are noted, among them the in- creasing circulation of the Scrip- tures. H. H. F.

of attention, even though we of supreme importance. World Treasure Trails, Vol. II. may not agree with all the au- India. By Ethel E. Ward. Drawthor's interpretations and appli- Mr. Ritchie, whose father was ings. Paper, 50 cents. 125 pp. a well-known evangelist and Woman's M. S., Free Methodist cations. Church, Winona Lake, Indiana. Bible teacher, begins with a Mr. Brooks considers the re- study of "The Ages," and un- Juniors will like these true juvenation of the Roman Em- folds in a popular way the Bible tales of India, written by the pire under Mussolini as signif- teachings on the Second Com- daughter of a missionary-one ing, the Day of the Lord, the who loves the people of her naicant but does not look on II Rapture of Saints, Israel's fu- tive land. The stories describe Duce as the Antichrist. He ture, the "Appearing," the Mil- adventures with monkeys and quotes many political leaders, lennial Age, the "Last Day" and w i I d animals, children and scientists, historians, newspaper Eternity. The subject is too snakes; weddings and widows, much neglected by Christians. Moslems and Hindus. Each writers and Bible students to chapter is supplemented with a support his very positive opin- Why should the Day overtake us series of hints for those who ions. "Babylon," of Revelations, "as a thief" because of this neg- would follow these "treasure lect? Mr. Ritchie is a devout trails." It will be a llseful study Mr. Brooks takes to be the Bible student but he deals very book for Juniors. "Counterfeit Bride of Christ"; little with modern events. An the Red Horse and Potter's Clay index would be useful. he interprets to be Socialism and Bolshevism. In like manner he interprets the references to the Blue Skies. By Louise Harriwn Mc- "Man of Sin," the return of the Voices of the Twelve Hebrew Proph- Graw. 8vo. 262 pp. $1.00. Zon- Jews, the Jewish feasts, Apos- ets. By G. Camphell Morgan. 12mo. dervan Pub. House, Grand Rapids, tasy and the word of Christ to 160 pages. 28. 6d. Pickering and Mich. 1938. the Church of Laodicea. The Inglis, Glasgow, Scotland. This story of Christian work book stimulates us to prayerful The Minor Prophets, as they among Jews in an American city study of the Bible and the signs are generally called because of breathes a Christian spirit and of the times in modern history. the comparative brevity of their reveals a knowledge of Christ messages, are less knOWn! but as the only Saviour of both Jew Seeing Prophecy Fulfilled in Pales- not less important than. Isaiah and Gentile. The author shows tine. By Geo. T. B. Davis. IIlus. and the other "Major Prophets." acquaintance with Jews and 12mo. 127 pp. 18. 6d. net, paper. Dr. Morgan is a prince of ex- their attitude toward Christ and Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow, 1938. positors-always incisive, clear, Christians; also she reveals Mr. Davis, a Bible evangelist spiritual and practical. He deals truly the ignorance, indifference who has widely promoted the with the Bible intelligently, as and antipathy of most nominal "Million Testaments Campaign" the inspired "Word of God" and Christians toward the Jews.

in China, South America and shows the practical value of the Through the story runs a double elsewhere, has recently visited message of each prophet for the romance, with many complica- Palestine. He here describes present day – for example: tions.

Notes New Boole. Union Church in

Sudan (Concluded from second cover.) Christ Among the Telugus. Carol Rai Bahadur N. K. Mukerji, of Graham. 16 pp. 3d. S. P. G. in All Christian communities at Allahabad, was called home as he was F. P. London. Malakal, the headquarters of the taking his place in the Katra Presby- Upper Nile Province and an im- terian Church for the morning serv- Each with His Own Brush. Daniel portant center in the Egyptian ice Sunday, October 30, 1938. Mr. J. Fleming. 86 pp. $1.50. Friend- Sudan, plan to unite to build a Mukerji had been carrying on his pro- ship Press. New York. common house of worship. gram of activities and had attended the General Assembly of the United Good Morning. Louie D. Newton. Although there are representatives Church of North India late in October. 92 pp. 75 cents. Broadman Press. of the Greek and Coptic Orthodox He was the treasurer of the Assembly. Nashville. Churches, the American United Pres- For thirty-four years, N. K. Mukerji byterian Mission at Doleib Hill, the had been secretary of the North India It Will Be Daybreak Soon. Archi- Armenian Church, the Church of Book and Tract Society of Allahabad. bald Rutledge. 129 pp. $1.25. Scotland and the Church of England, He was among the first Christians to Revell. there is no Church in which any of be placed in executive charge of a these communions can worship. In great inter-Church enterprise. "To Lesson Commentary for Sunday addition to these, there are a certain meet him was a tonic, for there was Schools. Edited by Chas. Wiles number of Christian Shilluks, Dinkas, strength in his character." His duties and D. Burt Smith. 320 pp. $1.75. Baris, etc. as Secretary of the "Tract Society" United Lutheran Publication House. were hea:vy but he found time for Philadelphia. As it is impossible for any of these many outside responsibilities. For two to have their own special churches, it terms he was president of the Indian The Horizons of Stewardship. Her- was decided, at a general meeting held Christian Association and served as man C. Weber. 116 pp. $1.25. on August 16, at which all these secretary and president of the U. P. Revell. New York. churches were well represented, to Christian Council. At the time of his build a church in which each body can death he was Chairman of the Civil Guy Bullen. By His Friends. 136 pp. hold services according to the customs Rights Committee of the U. P. Chris- 58. Highway Press. London. and rites of that church, and on occatian Council and was president-elect sions to have united services. of the All-India Indian Christian As- Women and the Way. Christ and the sociation. Mr. Mukerji served for six- World's Womanhood. A Sympo- In the erection of this church, there teen years as a member of the Alla- sium. 196 pp. $1.00, cloth; 50 is no idea of speeding the movement habad Municipal Board and was Vice- cents, paper. Friendship Press. towards union. The ministers and Chairman for a number of years. He New York. priests of each church will, when they voluntarily retired from the Board but are available, conduct services accordconsented to serve as Special Railway The Wild Rue. A Study of Muham- ing to the rites and customs of their Magistrate. He was an active mem- madan Magic and Folklore in Iran. own church. ber of the Upper Chamber of the Bess Allen Donaldson. 216 pp. Provincial Legislative Assembly. He 108. 6d. Luzac & Co. London. The Sudan Government is allotting wrote: "You will believe me when I an excellent site in a central part of say that it is always my desire to do Getting Acquainted with Our Friends Malakal at a "peppercorn" rent.· my utmost to render whatever service in France. Sarah G. Klein. (A lies in my power to the Christians." Unit in World Friendship-Junior -Egyptian Mail. Grades.) 30 pp. 60 cents. Revell. New York. * Contributions should be sent to repre- Toward a Literature World. Frank sentatives of cooperating churches at Malakal C. LaubaCh, 178 pp. $1.75. For-' Or to the National Bank of Egypt. Khar- eign Missions Conference. New toum. Sudan. York.

TESTIMONY OF THE QUEEN SALOTE OF TONGA * The folloWing testimony to the influence and good achieved by Christian missions in the Pacific was recently given by the Queen of Tonga and by the Prince Consort, Tungi.

I speak as the represehtative of the women of Tonga. We are a small land, and a small people. We are only on the way in education and in the knowledge of the things and happenings that belong to the great world outside. We are not a wealthy people. We have very little money. No one is very rich, but no one is in want. Our people are a cheerful people. The root of that cheerfulness lies in two things-our faith and our land. Before the Christian Church came our people were cheerful, but they were living in serfdom and fear. They did not realize that they were serfs, but when the missionaries came with the truth of Jesus, and the King's heart was touched, he led them to realize their serfdom; then with the knowledge of God real cheerfulness came, and freedom from fear. Although they arrived at Wchheeenrfut hlneelsasn dthwroausgdhistthriebiur tefadittho, they were still poor, and had no way to show their faith. them, they were able to prove their faith. Now they are free and every one has his own land granted by the Sovereign. The freedom that they enjoy is different. If the workers "strike," everything becomes hard and difficult, and the comforts of life are affected. But such things cannot happen here. In our land no one can disturb the contentment. No one can create a strike. If a man wants to fish, he may fish. If he wants to grow yams, he may grow yams. If he does not want to do so, he does not grow them! That is the way the Tongans live. The Church is developing a healthy tone. It has its ups and downs, but we have a firm and constant faith in God. In Him is our trust. We are one with you in our desire to further the Gospel in heathen lands. There will be many providences hard to understand, but God is with us.

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