The Missionary Review of the World — February 1935

1935

Idols Falling in China James P. Leynse A Robber's Church in India H. R. Coventry A Century of Medical Work in China J. Oscar Thomson Problems and Encouragements at Home Seen by Home Mission Executives The Success of Missionary Children Ellsworth Huntington Among the Italians in America A. Di Domenica

~bt 1Sing'~ .u~int~~ Augustus Field Beard was born

May 11, 1833, in Norwalk, son of Al- published by gernon Edwin and Mary E. Mallory Beard. After attendmg Williston BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Academy, he went to Yale, bemg graduated with the A. B. degree in A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it 1857 and receiving his Master's de- gree in 1860. In 1857 and 1858 he for every member of the family circle went to Auburn Theological Seminary, and in 1860, the year that he was I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- ordained a minister of the Congrega- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- tional Church, was graduated from mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Union Theological Seminary. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Dr. Beard in 1886 became corre- International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily sponding secretary of the American Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Missionary Association of the Congre- Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; gational Church. For many years he Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present took a prominent part in the developavailable free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of ment of schools and colleges for Nelamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- groes in the South, and on his huntaining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of dredth birthday anniversary, a fund these premiums is limited, so order at once. of $100,000 was started to provide scholarships for advanced Negro stu- Address: dents.

tlrbt Iting'5 1iusimss *** 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California Miss Frances Cecil Heath, one of the most valued leaders of the Y. W. Dates to Remember Obituary Note. C. A. in Great Britain, died on De- cember 30, 1934. She was the daugh- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Masanobu Ishizaka, first Dean and ter of the late Rev. Christopher and ASSEMBLIES then President of Aoyama Gakuin, Mrs. Heath of Hucclecote and Chelten- Tokyo, died in that city November 8. ham and joined the Y. W. C. A. in For further information, write to His doctor's degree was received at 1912 as Divisional Secretary of the Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d St., Johns Hopkins University. Southern Division of Great Britain. North, St. Petersburg, Fla. She became principal of the Associa- January 26-30-0rlando. Dr. J. J. Ran*som* , p*ioneer Method- tion's Training College in London and January 27-30-Deland. when the College closed Miss Heath Jan u a r y 30-February 1 – P a I m ist missionary to Brazil, died at Nash- went to Jamaica, and put the work of ville, Tenn., October 18. Dr. Ransom the Y. W. C. A. on a lasting founda- Beaches. organized the Methodist Mission in tion so that it has increased in February 2-7-Miami. Brazil, and was an outstanding lin- strength. Her remarkable power with February 7-8-Bradenton. guist and theologian, contributing Colored girls was evident when later February 7-S-Fort Myers. frequently to church periodicals and she went to West Africa to make a February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. translating religious works into Por- survey for the World's Y. W. C. A. February 10-13-Clearwater. tuguese. As a result of her visit a good work February 13-1S-Tampa. was started in Lagos. February 17-19-Lakeland. The Rev. Fr*ede*ric*k Lynch, D.D., February 17-19-Winter Haven. If you use February 19-21-Gainesville. minister, editor and peace advocate, February 23-26-Jacksonville. secretary of the Church Peace Union, PRINTING 1914-26, died in December at his home January 22-2S-Cause and Cure of in New York City, at the age of 67. YOU will profit from an ac- War Conference. Washington, D. C. quaintanceship with us. We Dr. Lynch was born at Peace Dale, do the job complete in our own January 22 – February 16 – Cornell R. 1., and studied at Yale and was or- plant. whether it be large or School for Missionaries, Cornell, dained in the Congregational ministry small. N. Y. in 1899. He edited Christian Work for twenty years, 1906-26, and was While our specialty is Books. February ll-IS-Annual Meeting, In- president (1910-18) of the American Magatines and Pamphlets. vet ternational Council of Religious Scandinavian Foundation. He was a we have a variety of modem Education, Chicago. founder and in 1914-26 secretary of equipment to meet all the re- the World Alliance for International quirements of vour particular February 24-Brotherhood Day. Friendship. job. You will find our service March 8-World Day of Prayer. prompt, careful and courteous. March S-IO-Youth Conference under The Rev. Dr. Augustus F. Beard, the oldest Yale alumnus and the old- Will you allow us to estimate the Auspices of the Greater New est Christian minister in the United on your next printing? We be- York Federation of C h u r c h e s, States, died on December 22d at his lieve you will be delighted with Riverside Church, New York. home in Norwalk, Connecticut. He our product, price and service. was 101 years old on May 11. The EVANGELICAL PRESS He took his first airplane ride at 100. Print.,., of The Mi.s5lonary Retri…. of the WMid He attained wide recognition for his work in the advancement of higher PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE education for Southern Negroes, and third and Reily Str••ts Harrl_l, P.. was for many years secretary of the American Missionary Association.

MISSIONARY issue, and 1 congratulate you. After "We deeply regret that

REVIEW OF THE WORLD I laid it down my wife took it up, and Young, when called upon by the when I came back an hour later she Minister of War, did demon- DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor was still reading it. strate the use of the hand 'bil- lies' on one occasion. This we VOL. LVIII FEB.,1935 No.2 PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, feel was a serious error on his Trea8urer of the Moravian Church. part. The leading newspapers Publication and Business Oftlce in Ecuador recognize that Mr. Third and Reily Sta., Harrisburg, Pa. *** Young acted from a sincere de- sire to save human life, without Editorial and Executive Office It was a glad surprise to find the thought of gain for himself . . . 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City latest copy of the REVIEW on the S. S. Entered as second-class matter at Empre88 of Canada last summer when "Mr. Young has served as a Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act enroute to Honolulu. Someone ought missionary in Ecuador since of March 3, 1879. to place the REVIEW on other large 1918 and has proved himself to 25 cents a aopY-$2.50 a year. be a devoted servant of Christ, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. steamers! an earnest and successful win- Published monthly, except August. ner of souls. We believe he acted All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Exec. Sec., innocently, although inadvised- British agents, Marshall, Morgan Council of Women for Home Mi8- ly, in this matter." and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 8ion8, New York, N. Y. DAVID MASON. 10 shlllings a year. *** Personal Items MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- This January MISSIONARY REVIEW LISHING CO., INC. Mr. W. P. Livingstone, of Edin- BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE WORLD, fine as it is all burgh, has retired from editorship of Life and Work, official organ of the RoBERT E. SPEER, President through, appeals to me especially be- Church of Scotland, and the young WM: I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President people's missionary paper, Other WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer cause of its breadth of vision in giv- Lands. Mr. Livingstone is the author DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of fourteen missionary books, of which SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT ing all Christian matters pertaining the best known are "Mary Slessor of MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Calabar," "Laws of Livingstonia" and WM. B. LIPPHARD to the Church of Christ throughout "The Galilee Doctor." He is well ERIC M. NORTH known not only in Great Britain and MILTON T. STAUFFER the World. ADELE GREENE. America, but.in Africa, Australia and A. L. W ARNSHUIB the West Indies. His Life of Mary SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Wa8hington, D. C. Slessor has been translated into Ara- bic, Dutch, French, Chinese, Welsh, Editorial Chat "Missions or Hand Grenades" Hindi, Norwegian and Hungarian.

January was the month for taking A Correction *** account of stock; for considering the past and its lessons; and to prepare Exception has been taken to a Carlton M: Sherwood, General Secfor an advance. The Foreign Mis- paragraph in our December retary of the International Society of sions Conference met for this purpose number (page 589), under the Christian Endeavor, has been apin Garden City (Jan. 2 to 4) and the above caption. The information pointed Executive Director of the As- Home Missions Conference in Phila- was copied from The Living sociated Boards for Christian Colleges delphia (Jan. 6 to 10). Both meetings Church which, in turn, quoted in China, with headquarters in Bosof missionary executives are briefly from testimony presented at the ton. reported in our "Topics of the Times." munitions inquiry in Washing- Fuller reports can be obtained from ton. Letters from Rev. A. C. Dr. John H.* Fi*nley*, educator and the headquarters of the Foreign Mis- Snead, and from Rev. David Masions Conference, now at 156 Fifth son, Foreign Secretaries of the publicist, has accepted the national Avenue, New York, and of the Home Christian and Missionary Alli- chairmanship of "Brotherhood Day" Missions Council and the Council of ance, under which Mr. Young which will be observed by Protestants, Women for Home Missions, 105 East was sent as a missionary to Catholics and Jews on February 24, 22d Street, New York. The REVIEW Ecuador, throw light on the mat- 1935. is cooperating, heartily but unofficial- ter. These letters and The Ally, with these interdenominational or- liance Weekly contain the fol- Rev. Frank T*. C* ar*twright, Associganizations and with all evangelical lowing comments on the incimission boards and societies, denom- dent: ate Secretary of the Methodist Forinational or independent, that are eign Board, is touring the mission seeking to make Christ known and to "During 1932, there was con- fields to study cooperative problems enlist men and women in His service. siderable political turmoil in in Japan, Korea, China, the Philip- Ecuador, with frequent revolu- pines and Malaysia. The aim of the REVIEW is to pre- tions, during which many lives sent the universal need for Christ and were lost, including the lives of *** His Gospel and to report how God is innocent bystanders, among them working today in all parts of the a fine Ecuadorian Christian. In Miss Sue Weddell, Secretary of world to reveal Himself, to save men order to prevent further blood- You n g Peoples' Work, Reformed from sin and eternal death, and to shed Mr. Young suggested to the Church in America, has been elected establish His sovereign control in all authorities that tear-gas might Chairman of the Board of Managers lands and in all realms of life. be used in place of guns to over- of the Missionary Education Move- come the unruly rebellious mobs. ment. *** As a result, communication was established between the Minis- *** Encouragement comes from letters ter of War and the Federal Labwhich tell of the way God is using the oratories and sample "billies"- Miss Anne Seesholtz, Executive REVIEW to stimulate interest in our tear gas bombs – were sent Secretary of the Council of Women readers and enlist them in His service. through the regular Government for Home Missions, has received a Some of these write as follows: channels to Ecuador. We are as- degree of Doctor of Philosophy from sured that Mr. Young did not Columbia University. Her field is This afternoon I did something that take orders for the bombs. History and Philosophy of Religion. is psychologically all wrong, but I could not help it. I took up the Janu- [49 ] ary REVIEW and read it from cover to cover. I simply could not stop. I think it is an exceptionally interesting

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARTIST INTERPRETS CHRIST'S

1. The Parable of the Great Supper. 2 The Broad and Narrow Gates. 3. The Wise ",nd Foolish Virgins. 4. The Good Shepherd Returning. 5. "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVIII FEBRUARY, 1935 NUMBER Two —-~- —–~~—————————————— Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS TODAY IN AMERICA of the Church to move with the frontier and to establish churches and schools. In our own day geographical fron- Some of the present-day problems and challenge tiers are shifting, as in the Tennessee Valley development.

in the task of making America Christian was pre- By the turn of the twentieth century the frontier had sented in the twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of shifted from the West to the industrial communities of the Home Missions Council and the Council of the East, from Anglo-Saxon to the Slavic, Latin and Women for Home Missions which met in Phila- Semitic races. The Church never really occupied this delphia, January 7th to 10th. The presiding offi- frontier, with serious consequences for the America of to- day. This frontier still lies as a challenge before the cers were Dr. Charles E. Schreffer, Secretary of home mission agencies. But the frontier of the new day is largely social-inthe Reformed Church in the United States Board dustrial, economic. It is psychological and spiritual. Conof Home Missions, and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, gregationalists are creating a Social Action Department, President of the Council of Women for Home and the Baptists have appointed a Christian Social Action Missions. The topics discussed included young Commission. There can be no doubt that it is the func- people's work, pioneering, migrant workers, In- tion of the Church to cultivate social insight, to create social sympathies, to cultivate social imagination-that dian work, Jews, New Americans, West Indies, the effect of individual conduct or social action may be Alaska, rural work, church buildings, Orientals, envisaged-and to cultivate in individuals and groups not cooperation and strategy and planning for the only a willingness to share but the courage to create situa- future. The home mission study topic for the year tions under which they must share. As the Church dur- ing the eighteenth century prepared men to serve on the (1935-6) is the "Next Steps in Home Missions." geographical frontier and later other men to serve on racial frontiers, should not the Church and its home lPis- The major emphases of the message for the sion agencies now definitely set apart men for service present day were enumerated by Dr. Chas. H.

Sears as follows: along the new social frontiers?

The current demands upon religion are for spiritual Home mission leaders must be quick to shift their stratpower to transcend difficult and almost baffling circum- egy to meet changed conditions, recognizing that "Church stances that confront us. Men look to the Church to cul- extension" demanded on the geographic frontier is not tivate the resources of the Spirit. The human spirit can the "Church extension" required on the social frontiernever be satisfied with its material environment for it fewer new churches, more outreach in ministry. The has needs which no social order can satisfy. The time- home mission programs required today must meet the reless task of the Church is to cultivate the powers of the ligious needs of people and the social needs of individuals Spirit by which great souls rise superior to and become and communities rather than seek only to save one's self.

victorious over circumstance. The work in the home mission fields was ably Men look to the Church to cultivate the active mood reviewed by Dr. Wm. R. King, Executive Secre- through which men are inspired to lay the foundations of social life in accord with Christian principles. The tary of the Council. There are now twenty-six Christian Church must not fail it at such a time as this. denominations cooperating and the Council is also It must ever recognize the essential character of religion affiliated with ten interdenominational bodies, -that religion is life and is dependent upon spiritual nineteen State Home Mission Councils, fifteen forces. Current demands upon home mission agencies include State Councils of Churches, forty-five City Church programs that comprehend the whole task of the Church; Federations, and nine cooperative regional com- programs that are extensive and that carry vital religion missions. Cooperation between evangelical agen- along the shifting frontiers of American life-geographi- cies is a great feature of the two Home Mission cal, racial, social. Within one hundred years after the Councils.

close of the Revolutionary War the geographical frontier T~e p.resent trends to which Dr. King called atof America was pushed forward from the Appalachian Mountains almost to the Pacific Coast. It was the task tentIon Include (1) improvement in financial sup- [ 51 ]

port; (2) consolidation and simplification in "Confessional Synod," cannot be foreseen. Up to board organization and administration; (3) in- the present the contributions to the missionary creased cooperation between denominational agen- societies have been well maintained. The threat- cies; (4) new steps toward comity to eliminate ened collapse is due to the restrictions which the overlapping and waste of energy and money; (5) Government, owing to financial circumstances, has greater emphasis on evangelism and the need for imposed on German exchange. The transmission spiritual awakenings, with plans for Gospel of money out of Germany has been greatly re- preaching missions; (6) there are also unfavora- stricted and though the German missionary soci- ble trends toward denominational emphasis due eties have funds at their disposal they are not to a mistaken idea of the need for self-preserva- allowed to send them out of the country excepting tion; (7) anti-religious and anti-denominational as authorized by the Government.

activity; (8) attacks on home missions as an out- The normal expenditures of the German evan- of-date enterprise – due to prejudice or lack of gelical missionary societies on their work abroad information. has been approximately $1,650,000 a year, of The fourfold challenge to the Christians in which about $500,000 was for general missionary American churches was outlined as follows: (1) purposes such as the payment of indigenous work- To realize and make known the great present-day ers, the maintenance of institutions and general need and to employ more effective methods to running expenses, while the remainder covered meet that need; (2) to unify the study and ap- the allowances to German missionaries. It was proach to the problem and the attempts at the hoped that a certain amount (probably less than solution, without interfering with individual ini- half the normal sum required) would be allowed tiative and operation; (3) to put home missions to be transmitted for this latter purpose, since .

to the fore as an inspiring service for Christ and the Government recognizes an obligation towards mankind and a vital part of each church program; its own nationals overseas. The latest informa- (4) a determination to advance in spite of diffi- tion is, however, that the restrictions on exchange culties, to regain lost ground and to evangelize will not permit the sending of even this limited untouched fields and un-Christian areas of life. contribution. In November, only 8,500 marks were The Church must, under the guidance and power available for the total support of German mission- of God, conquer atheism, materialism, and selfish- ary work throughout the world. The German fields ness. Christ alone is able to solve all problems thus receive no money at all from home, or at the but He evidently does not plan to solve them alone. best an insignificant amount. It needs little im- As Head of the Church He calls for the devoted agination to realize the difficulties and distress cooperation of His followers. created by the sudden cutting off of customary The conference this year passed special resolu- supplies from the home base for the churches in tions urging the adoption of the Costigan-Wagner the field. The German societies have appealed to anti-lynching bill; the observance of "Sanctuary the missionary societies in other countries to come Sunday"; approval of the Religion and Welfare to their aid in the attempt to mitigate the dire ef- Recovery Movement, and of the Young People's Spiritual Emphasis Movement. fects of the calamity. The Conference of Missionary Societies in Great The president of the Home Missions Council for the coming year is Dr. E. M. Halliday, of the Britain invited representatives of the German Congregational Church. Mrs. Daniel A. Poling missionary societies to come to London to c~mfer continues to be the efficient president of the Coun- with a subcommittee of its Standing Committee cil of Women for Home Missions. The next an- and with the officers of the International Missionnual Home Missions Conference is to be held in ary Council. The conference took place at Edin- Washington, D. C., early in January, 1936, and burgh House on November 12 and 13, 1934, and will center its attention chiefly on Town and Coun- each of about twenty-five German mission fields try work, and the Rural Fields, which is to be was examined in detail. The result showed that home mission study topic for the year 1937-8. at least $250,000 a year, or half of the amount hitherto transmitted for general missionary pur- A CRISIS IN GERMAN MISSIONS poses, would be required to meet pressing needs. It was assumed that the German societies would The work of German evangelical missions be allowed t; remit in addition at least some part throughout the world is threatened with catas- of the money required for missionary salaries- trophe. The primary cause is not the conflict an assumption which is likely to prove mistaken.

within the German Church, though how that con- Real and urgent as the need is, it is clear that flict may affect the work of the missionary socie- in the present financial straits in which the mis- ties, all of which have identified themselves with sionary societies in all countries find themselves the movement represented by the conservative there is little hope of obtaining from their con-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stituencies additional contributions to anything tress during a limited period, probably not longer like the amount required. On the other hand, the than the end of next June. The figures given in Church throughout the world cannot stand aside an earlier paragraph are an indication of the exand see the fruits of one hundred years of mission tent of the need. Similar appeals are being made work fall into ruins. in Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries.

A continuance of German missionary work on Some missionary societies outside Germany its former basis is impossible unless the restric- have special links or associations with a particutions on foreign exchange are relaxed. The Ger- lar German mission and consequently may regard man societies, like the missionary societies in it as a special obligation to give help in that quarother countries, though in a still more drastic and ter. There is no reason why special efforts of this abrupt way, may be obliged to reconstruct their nature, while retaining their distinctive character, whole work to meet the altered conditions. But should not be coordinated with a more general efthis task, though it must be taken in hand at once, fort in which the missionary societies in other cannot be carried through in a day. It will have, countries seek collectively to bring aid to the soremoreover, to be undertaken in international con- ly pressed churches established by the German sultation and cooperation. If the German mission- missions. In order to avoid duplication of efforts, ary societies are prevented from supplying either and to provide for cooperation, it is urgently remen or money for their fields, a large and impor- quested that the offices of the International Mistant work, hitherto conducted by a German mis- sionary Council, now at 156 Fifth Avenue, New sion, is threatened with complete collapse, a situa- York, be used as a clearing house of information tion may be created in which some other society and that notice of all funds sent from any source outside Germany working in an adjoining field in North America to any German mission, and may feel under an obligation to come to its aid. the place to which they are sent, should be at once communicated to the same office* In order that these possibilities may be explored, a breathing space is essential. In the A. L. WARNSHUIS. meantime there are needs of extreme urgency to be met. Unless some help is immediately forth- FORWARD IN FOREIGN MISSIONS coming the catastrophe may be complete. Like Napoleon's drummer boy, the foreign mis- The facts were fully reported to the Committee sion leaders of North America "know not how to of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions beat a retreat"-but for a different reason. The Conference of North America and upon the rec- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, ommendation of that Committee, the Conference including some 200 missionaries, executives and on January 3d adopted the following resolutions: other leaders of the United States and Canada, met (January 2 to 4) at Garden City, Long Island, That this Annual Conference commend to the churches in their forty-second annual conference. They and boards an appeal for contributions to an Emergency faced frankly old and new difficulties that con- Fund for immediate relief to German missions and with a front the enterprise at home and abroad-financial view to providing for a period of a few months in which straits; indifference in the churches; opposition plans may be developed for the necessary support of the and regulation by governments in Mexico and foreign missions of the churches in Germany. other lands; Roman Catholic antagonism to evan- gelical work in the Congo; divided forces and at That the Conference entrust this appeal and the Emer- times rival programs among Protestants; weak gency Fund to a special committee with the officers of the national churches; nationalism; materialism, ra- International Missionary Council. tionalism and godless communism. These and other difficulties do not dismay or discourage mis- That we authorize the special committee to seek a con- sionary leaders who are conscious that the forces ference with the German Ambassador to the United States that are for us are greater, far greater, than those to discuss with him the conditions in Germany which have against us. The Christian Church has always led to this regulation, and to learn how we may be of help, faced insuperable difficulties-insuperable to men and to inquire how some plan may be worked out which but not to God. would lessen the burden of our German fellow missionaries. A dark picture of economic and political condi- That this Annual Conference instruct the special com- tions in Europe was painted by Stanley Highmittee to express to the German Missionary Conference Congregational pastor, editor and radio speaker. the sincere sympathy of this Annual Conference and an It was a picture without much light or hope for assurance of its united prayers and such assistance as may be practicable with the hope that effective relief may • Contributions to the German Mission Emergency Fund may be soon be found from the difficult situation in which the Ger- sent to the office of the F'oreign Missions Conference, 156 Fifth man missions are now placed. Avenue, New York, and, in accordance with advice received from the German societies, these will be sent immediately where the need Is These resolutions have been put into effect im- greatest. mediately and an appeal has been sent to all the Foreign Mission Boards in North America to contribute to the proposed Emergency Fund. No definite amount has been fixed for this fund, but the aim is only to provide relief for urgent dis-

he failed to take God and His forces into account. to Christ by word of mouth and by Christlike life The facts, the shadows cast by human selfishness and service. Their appeal was very sympatheti- and sin, cast a gloom over the earth, but we must cally received and was referred to a committee not forget that God can change the whole situa- for further conference and recommendations.

tion over night. Here is manifested a revival of the missionary Dr. Herbert H. Farmer, a professor in Hartford spirit among college-trained youth that led to the Theological Seminary, clearly and cogently pre- formation of the Student Volunteer Movement a sented the brighter side of the picture, calling half century ago.

attention not only to the great need of man but to Other speakers at the conference included Dr. the saving power of God at work in the world. Francis Wei, of China; Dr. J. Oscar Thompson, Dr. Farmer pointed out that the Christian mes- of Canton; Dr. Victor G. Mills, of Montclair, and sage is uniquely adopted to the present age and Dr. Nicol Macnicol, formerly secretary of the that no man has the right to change this divine National Christian Council of India. Dr. Robert message to suit his own view of what will meet P. Wilder, who has given nearly half a century to human need. God speaks to the world through the missionary cause-in India, America, Europe, Christ and He speaks to His Church through the and the Near East-was introduced to the conferworld events that reveal human need.* ence.

One afternoon was spent in considering the Dr. John R. Mott was elected Chairman for the "Next Steps in Missions," but while helpful coming year, and it is proposed to hold the next thoughts were presented there seemed to be no annual meeting from January 8 to 10, 1936, in a clearly-defined program for advance. Dr. Fred place not yet designated. The annual budget F. Goodsell of Boston reported that the American required is $51,000. One of the features of this Board plans to emphasize evangelism-or "The year's meeting was the presence of a larger numexperience of Christ in modern life"; social action ber of younger people than usual, under thirty -or the application of Christianity to present-day years of age, a feature that it is proposed to conproblems; more cooperation in mission work; and tinue. One lack in this year's program was any a financial advance that will endeavor to enlist a effective presentation of concrete, up-to-date facts larger number of givers rather than to secure from the mission fields; the weakness of some larger gifts. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon of the discussions of present-day problems 'was the lack Methodist Church, South, convincingly recom- of any adequate suggestions as to their solution. mended that missionaries be given more liberty The Foreign Missions Conference has, in past to work outside of established institutional pro- years, been the means of achieving many valuable grams-as Dr. Stanley Jones is doing in India and results in cooperation at home and abroad, in China and Dr. George Howard in South America. promoting missionary preparation, and in develop- The success of these plans depends on the guidance ing leadership and strength in the churches on the and power of the Spirit of God working in and field. through the missionaries. Dr. Alexander Paul, of the United Christian Missionary Society, rec- CONDITIONS IN SOUTH INDIA ommended that more power and authority be given Gandhi's political influence in India seems to be to National Christian leaders; Dr. S. G. Ziegler, diminishing. Many Indians are criticising the of the United Brethren Mission Board, strongly methods that he has employed. Some are trying advocated seeking to recapture for the Church the to gain results by working for majorities in the vision of the lost condition of the 800,000,000 or conventions. It is evident that the "Self-respect more still unevangelized, whose supreme need is Movement" in the middle classes, has gained for Christ and His salvation. God offers to do for markedly in extent and influence. It is mixed man that man cannot do for himself. Dr. John with Bolshevistic aims and works openly against R. Mott, who has recently returned from South religion. Such circles are openly hostile to Indian and Central Africa and is about to revisit the Far nationalism as it finds expression in Gandhi. East, gave one full evening to the subject of the Wherever he appears they wave the black flags need for further union and cooperation among which are their symbol, in protest against him.

the followers and forces of Christ. Gandhi is also compelled to face the opposition of One of the stirring features of the conference the orthodox- Hindu circles. Many Brahmins are was the personal appeal to the mission boards by enraged because he is fighting for the admission a group of Hartford Seminary students-of varied talents and church affiliations-who are asking to of the "untouchables" to the temples. be sent as a unit to some mission field for pioneer work, without guaranteed salaries, to bear witness All this points to the fact that the Indians can not be helped by mere political agitation. They need the Gospel of Christ, which alone can create • We expect to publish this address in our March number. a new beginning.-Leipzig Mission Report.

CHINESE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS-LIVING GRADUATES OF CANTON MISSION

A Century of Medical Work in China* By J. OSCAR THOMSON, M.D., Canton Hospital, Canton, China T HE Centennial of the founding of the Canton The Canton Hospital, although it has had to Hospital in 1835 has a peculiar interest for close its doors on three occasions, has survived me. My father was in charge of the hospital many stirring events: Wars and sieges of Canton at the fiftieth anniversary in 1885, the year of my in 1840, 1856, and 1884; the T'ai P'ing rebellion; birth, and wrote a history of the hospital and of the Boxer outbreak of 1900; the Revolution of the Medical Missionary Society in China. At the 1911; the frequent contests of the warlords since. anniversary he read a letter from Dr. Peter and the political typhoon of 1926-28. Our insti- Parker, the founder of the institution and the tution has helped to produce, directly or indirectly, originator of modern medical missions, who many of the constructive movements in the modwrote: ernization of China. It has been an important factor in opening the doors of China. The fourth of November, 1835, was the date of my opening the Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton. To the adorable When we consider the conditions that existed in Saviour Jesus Christ be given the praise and gratitude of China, that walled in nation, in the early nineall the millions who, by the instrumentality of medical teenth century, we have the greatest admiration missionaries in the past, present and future, shall have for the courage and wisdom of the pioneers. Wells become acquainted with His unspeakable and divine char- Williams wrote: acter.

The chairman of the fiftieth anniversary meet- Owing to the increased hostility of the Chinese authoriing, the British Consul General Sir Challoner Ala- ties, the mission at Canton was now more than ever baster, remarked that because of the greatness of cramped and confined in its operations and perplexed bethe object and the importance of the work, others yond measure. The arrival of Dr. Peter Parker from New would be commemorating the one hundredth an- York in 1834 had added to the force an enthusiastic misniversary fifty years hence. sionary of exceptional vigor and ability who by his med- ical training was able to introduce a new factor that has • Substance of an address given at the Medical Missionary Dinner, performed a service of the highest importance between New York, December 14, 1934. Chinese and foreigners by removing their mutual mis- understandings. This was the establishment at Canton [ 55 ]

of a dispensary and hospital for the free treatment of organization which has a Council on Medical Mis- Chinese. sions of which the Chinese president of the Asso- Not only did Parker render a great service in ciation is a member, and which has a Section on "opening up China by his lancet" to missionary Medical Missions at the biennial conferences. work, but he also created in America and Europe What a fine culmination to the work of Parker, much interest in medical missions while the hos- Kerr and other noble men and women who had a pital was closed in 1840 owing to the war. superb vision and a Divine Leader.

The organization of the Medical Missionary So- The hospital compound at Kuk Fau in the centre ciety in China in 1838 is an indication of the eager of Canton, facing the Pearl River, and on the acceptance by the Chinese of the benefits of mod- most important street of the city of Rams, is a ern medicine, surgery in particular, and the in- great medical and missionary centre. It is a terest in medical missions on the part of all classes splendid viewing stand for momentous events.

of foreigners in China, merchants and officials, The daily exodus on the passage boats to all parts as well as missionaries. It was a splendid example of the delta takes place at the hospital gate. De- of a cooperative effort on a wide scale, that is feated and conquering armies pass the front door.

needed again today. It was international, Amer- The "Dare to Dies," wearing union suits of under- ican, British, and Chinese cooperating. It was wear as a uniform, carrying baskets of bombs, interdenominational, Congregationalists, Presby- passed by. Processions of all kinds, political, terians, Wesleyans, Episcopalians, Baptists, Quak- anti-foreign, anti-gambling, anti-opium, colorful ers and other denominations working harmoni- weddings and funerals are seen. Frequent clashes ously together. It was the first organization defi- of armies near or around the compound, with nitely to combine the alleviation of human suffer- rushes of noncombatants up the hospital lane to ing and the extension of Christianity. Its pros- escape the flying bullets. One campaign across pectus envisioned the spreading of scientific medi- the river lasted for a week, the hospital being in cine and Christianity throughout China-medical the centre of the fighting zone, and gunboats par- education, specialization in hospital work and ticipating, at a time when it was impossible to medical research, to benefit mutually the Orient evacuate the patients. Sun Yat-sen's gunboats and Occident. passed repeatedly up and down the river firing on Following the retirement of Dr. Peter Parker the soldiers on the Bund. Wounded from both and the burning of the hospital building which sides were in the hospital simultaneously. We Howqua, the Chinese senior Hong merchant had witnessed the massacre of the defeated· on one provided, Dr. John G. Kerr, a graduate of Jeffer- occasion; the assasination of high officials; fires son Medical College, reestablished the Pok Tsai -eight hundred houses burned on the north bank Hospital ("Hospital of Universal Benevolence") of the river, coming close to the hospital, when at the present site. For forty-four years he did a change of wind blew the sparks across the river great and enduring work. He built up a large and destroyed two hundred dwellings there. An- hospital. He wrote and translated many medical other fire extended for half a mile along the Bund, textbooks, the wood blocks of which were still at in front of the hospital, with a south wind blow- the hospital when I arrived twenty-five years ago. ing the sparks over the premises, and setting fire More than a hundred Chinese physicians were to wharves and passage boats which were left trained during his term of service. They became stranded by the ebb tide. The exploding ammuni- pillars of the church and highly respected leaders tion of the anti-pirate guards prevented the ap- of the medical profession. proach of the firefighters. Then there was the My father was intimate with Dr. Kerr and had great flood of 1915, aggravated by the floating great affection for him. One of the most impor- burning oil. Wrecks and drownings in the river tant events of that period was the organization of' are numerous.

the China Medical Missionary Association in 1887, The Revolution of 1911 introduced a new era of which Dr. Kerr was the first president. This for China, with modern medicine firmly estab- has been an important factor in the building up lished. Changes of government, attended by civil of modern medicine in China. The final and most and feudal wars have followed. Our institution convincing proof of the worth and status of med- has served as a base hospital, receiving the cream ical missions in China was the amalgamation in of the wounded (from a professional viewpoint) 1932 of the China Medical Association and the those with retained bullets or shell fragments or National Medical Association to form the Chinese with wounds of the head, chest or abdomen. The Medical Association, a wonderful example of maintenance of discipline has been an important union between a missionary and a national or- task requiring, for instance, the prevention of a ganization, "a fine instance of friendly interna- revolver fight amongst the bodyguard of a dying tionalism in -science." This is a national medical colonel over the regimental treasure chest. More

A CENTURY OF MEDICAL WORK IN CHiNA

than one hundred serious cases :kave been brought of Dr. Sun's dissatisfaction with conditions exist- to the hospital at one time, requiring the use of ing in China and his new ideas and thoughts were six operating tables. After the institution was developed while in the Canton Hospital and from full to the doors, wounded soldiers with retained there spread throughout China. On the occasion missiles have been brought from military hos- of the 80th anniversary in 1915, the President of pitals to have the foreign bodies removed and China, Lei Yuan Hung, sent a congratulatory tele- were then carried back. Seven pounds weight of gram and a gift of five thousand dollars. At the bullets were removed from wounded soldiers and eighty-fifth anniversary (1920), President Hsu civilians in one year,. Amongst the gunshot Shi Chang wrote a commendatory letter and do- wounds were many unusual cases such as the nated one thousand dollars. To commemorate the Yunnanese officer who was shot through the brain ninetieth anniversary, in appreciation of its serv- one year, and through the heart the next – and ices and to allow for its extension, the Govern- survived. One man, with twenty-six shrapnel ment of China, through the Mayor of Canton, Mr.

bullets distributed throughout his anatomy, Sun Fo, son of Dr. Sun, made a grant to the hos- wanted the removal of those not located in dan- pital of a splendid tract of land chosen by us.

gerous situations! When raising the twelve thousand graves which Gunshot wounds, tumors and vesical calculi are were on the land, some said to be four thousand common conditions. In Guy's Hospital, London, years old, we were reminded of Ezekiel's vision of and at Yale are paintings of many of Parker's the valley of dry bones, accompanied as it was by massive tumor cases; tumors with pedicles, caus- the rejuvenation then taking place in China.

ing neither pain nor disability are stock in trade Had Dr. Sun Yat-sen lived, it is probable that for beggars who are fortunate enough to possess China would have been spared the political ty- them. One man was reluctant to lose his fourteen- phoon in 1926 and 1927, with its communistic, pound parotid tumor of the neck because it served labor, anti-foreign, hypernationalistic and anti- as a comfortable pillow! Ten different "Chung Christian agitation. The events of those years Yees" in turn had guaranteed to cure a man with were varied and interesting. After a blockade of cervical lymphosarcoma. We had to treat him as the hospital for three days by the order of the a charity case and pay his way home after we had communistic labor leaders, because we declined to alleviated his pain by ligating his common carotid surrender the right to control the hospital em- artery. An infant, two days old, fell into a nat- ployees, we closed down the institution and dis- ural sleep while a teratoma, larger than its head, persed the staff and patients. At a conference was removed under local anesthesia, and went with the noncommunistic officials, who did all they home cured. More than four thousand operations could to help us, the editor of the Government's for the removal of vesical calculi have been per- English newspaper said, "Don't give in. You are formed in the Canton Hospital, some of the pa- in the right." Later he printed in full our version tients coming from long distances. A Chinese of the affair written at his request. ·When the living in Baltimore entered the Johns Hopkins storm had blown over we were thanked by Chinese Hospital with a large hernia. When told that he leaders for having resisted the impossible de- required an operation he returned to China to mands of the labor agitators and thus exposing have it done at Poktsai. their ignorance and intolerance. In the records Chinese Appreciation of the chief Russian communist, found after their expUlsion, was the statement, "The Canton Hos- At the seventy-fifth anniversary of the hospi- pital affair was badly managed."

tal's foundation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then President It was obvious that a movement which could of China, was present, lauded the work of the in- temporarily wreck such an institution as the Can- stitution where he had commenced the study of ton Hospital, the first benevolent institution in medicine while my father was in charge, and gave China, was artificially inspired, abnormal, un- a donation. Some years later on another visit to healthy and would not be permanent. The three the hospital to see the wounded, we took him to periods, before, during and after the chaotic years the operating room where we were about to com- of 1926 and 1927 were epochal, as different as mence work on the wounded. As we exposed the those prior to, during and following the French seat of injury of the first patient, Dr. Sun as- revolution. An official told me that were it not sumed from its location that the soldier had been for the mission schools and hospitals, little educa- wounded in the back whilst in rapid retreat from tional or medical work would have been done in the battlefield. He grunted, "Shot in the back," China during the past two decades. He also dep- and declined to examine any oether patients. Lay- recated the too rapid devolution of such institu- ing the cornerstone of our new building some tions as tending to lower standards.

months ago the Mayor of Canton said that much At the present time China is definitely discard-

ing its ancient ideas, traditions and customs, as The next meeting of the Chinese Medical Asso- indicated by the "New Life" and similar move- ciation, which is to be held in Canton in the first ments, and is seeking to find a self-respecting week of November, 1935, to commemorate the place in this modern age. The Government was centenary of the introduction of modern medicine anxious to have the Canton Hospital reopened, into China, will take place in the new Canton Hos- but it seemed wise to await the return of more pital building. It is essential that the Mission stable conditions and to avail ourselves of the op- Boards with medical work in China be well repre- portunity to reorganize and plan for another cen- sented in order that wise and coordinate plans tury of work if necessary. The deserted hospital may be prepared for ano~her century of work, if compound resembled a tropical jungle or a buried necessary.

city. It was possible to carry out plans that had We do not talk of "devolution" in Canton, but been maturing for some years. The Canton Hos- of cooperation, with gradually increasing Chinese pital was transferred to Lingnan University, control. The Occident and the Orient, the older which has a strong Chinese Christian Board of and the newer churches, are sharing in a common Directors with foreign representation. President task of establishing the Kingdom of Heaven on Chung told me recently that his chief concern is earth. The Canton Hospital still supplies many that the university shall maintain a strong Chris- converts to the church, many cured and happy patian influence, which he considers to be the chief, tients open doors to the Gospel and form centres if not the only reason for its continued existence. for evangelization. A few days before I left on He also remarked that buildings can be secured furlough a missionary lady visited the hospital and from Chinese sources, but that the needed for- said, "We have an enthusiastic new convert in our eign personnel and its maintenance must be sought church. She says you took away her thyroid from abroad. Some of the Chinese faculty mem- gland without her knowing it or having any pain; bers are the salt of the earth. The brother of a and while in the hospital she heard the Gospel." laundryman in America is one of the best. He is a Ph.D. of an American University and sang What are some of the results of the work? with the Glee Club. Most important of all are changed lives. The Liu family serves as an example. The father, Dr. Liu The next step was to arrange for the affiliation Tak Shaang, was a graduate of our medical school of the Hackett Medical School for Women (Amer- and served on the staff. Later he became college ican Presbyterian Board) to Lingrian University physician at the Canton Christian College (now and Canton Hospital, and to make it coeduca- known as Lingnan University). With the help tional. At the home of the Mayor of Canton, a of the college faculty, Mrs. Liu, after the death of Chinese lady, head of a large government scl,lOol her husband, continued the education of her famand of a hospital, told a "Medical Fact Finder" of ily, all of whom are college graduates. President the Laymen's Commission that the graduates of Hackett are abler, more dependable and have a Chung highly recommends her as a teacher of much finer spirit of service than those of govern- home economics! One daughter is a director of ment medical schools. The Pok Tsai and Yau Lingnan University and in charge of an impor- Tsai medical centres give postgraduate training tant school. She was overheard saying to Mr.

to interns and thus provide the outlying mission Sun Fo, also a Lingnan director, after a meeting hospitals with physicians. of the Board: "My students never had the objec- A new building is now being erected at the Can- tion to the study of the Bible that they have to the ton Hospital, most of the funds for which have compulsory study of your father's (Dr. Sun Yat- come from Chinese sources. In planning the new sen's) textbook, the San Man Chue Yee." A son, building there were many factors to be taken into a graduate of Cornell, is an expert in sericulture consideration: It must be a modern scientific and rural reconstruction and is doing splendid teaching hospital under Christian auspices, in the work for the government and for Lingnan Uni- tropics, with long, hot and humid summers and versity. Another daughter is the energetic and short, humid, cold winters; with the possibility efficient head of the Mission Union Normal School of foreign aggression, international wars, civil and in Canton; a sister is in charge of a large school feudal strife; blockades, strikes, and boycotts; in Macao which, though a Protestant institution, typhoons, fires, floods, and white ants, noise, dirt has the cordial support of the Portuguese Govern- and smoke. It must be an institution that would ment. A y6unger sister is our very attractive have the approval of the twenty or more organiza- young social service director. An interesting case tions-religious, mission and professional-that that she reconstructed was a young beggar woman have an oversight over the work of our staff mem- with a large abdominal tumor that had been grow- bers, also of the Chinese Government and its de- ing for nine years, the supporting factor for her partment of health, and finally of the many com- husband and son. When in desperate condition missions that tour the Orient! she lay down at the hospital gate to die, penniless.

IDOLS FALLING IN CHINA

We admitted her, improved her general condition Association medical missions have become an inand removed the tumor. Well-to-do patients in tegral and permanent part of the medical system the hospital became interested in her and contrib- of China. Where the pioneers had first to attack, uted to her future support. The husband, hearing then later to lead, now as partners, representaof this, tried to get the money, and being refused, tives of the older and younger churches share in was so unpleasant to her that she attempted to the task of reconstruction and harvesting. commit suicide. We frightened the man away, and the woman recovered. Miss Liu taught her fancy Observing several wooden idols floating down sewing and found her a place, ·first in the home the river we asked a passerby the reason. He reof the Moderator of the Church of Christ in China, plied, "We have no use for idols in this enlightin order to test her honesty. A new use for a ened age." Is Christianity or materialism to premoderator! Then she got work for her elsewhere. vail in China? The Moderator of the Church of The former beggar is now a strong, handsome, Christ in China, Rev. Y. S. T'aam, has written, independent, self-respecting woman, supporting "This comes at just the time when there are unherself and her son, and interested in hearing of surpassed opportunities open to the Christian the Great Physician. Church. The Gospel preaching is eagerly listened to." Dr. Stanley Jones, when in Canton, said: There are many other such families. On our "This situation constitutes the greatest evanhospital staff are a number of second and third gelistic opportunity in the world." generation Christians, and individuals whose ancestors served in it. Thoroughly qualified Chinese What is our object? We are earnestly looking graduates of foreign universities are now serving forward to the time when such institution~ as the on the staffs of our mission hospitals, as heads of Hospital of Universal Benevolence will no longer departments and taking their turn leading morn- be needed; to the time when "God shall wipe away ing chapel. A Christian medical profession is be- all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no ing perpetuated and through the Chinese Medical more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain."

Idols Falling in China -Ell By REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

I N THOUSANDS of homes in China the idols bership. I have had the privilege of baptizing are falling down. Change has come like a this year men and women, old and young, stu- shock. Ideas and standards have been shuffled dents and illiterate, all changed into new beings in striking fashion. The old religions are totter- by the grace of Jesus Christ and all having dising ruins. The temples are vacated. The control carded idol worship. Members of families were of the older generation has slipped away. The baptized together. Fathers with their grown-up youth is in the lead and seeking new ways. As a sons, mothers with their daughters, side by side result evangelism is experiencing a golden age of with single individuals, first ones of families to opportunities. Everywhere around us a clarion cross the barrier. For instance, Mr. Chang and call for service is sounded. What will take the his grown-up son, who testified that before their place of the idols? Communism or Christianity? conversion they were "like blind men ascending a mountain to view the landscape." And Mrs. Chia No Depres.sion in the Peiping Churches and her daughter, who confessed that "the eyes of their hearts were dead" to spiritual issues until There is a forward movement in the Peiping they met Jesus. Also the mechanic Li and his churches. Weare seeking to win more Christians wife and three children, a splendid volunteer and more faithful ones and the congregations join worker, who works hard so that his children may hands with us in striving to reach our section of be educated and his wife attend a Bible school for this great city. Our churches are putting the em- volunteer leaders. phasis unquestionably upon the spiritual, and therefore there is activity instead of depression. In China it is always exceedingly difficult for The church attendance is growing steadily and members of families to make an individual decismany new converts have been added to the mem- ion to break away from idol worship. But various

candidates for baptism have done so, like Mrs. to cheat the gods," but who now worships in spirit Ho, who as she stated had been "for 45 years a and truth Jesus Christ; or like Mrs. Li and Mrs.

vegetarian to please the Buddha with the Long Kao, who have rented two rooms at the most pop- Eyebrows" and who for years every morning and ular market place for a little Gospel Hall; or Mr.

evening "knelt once, bowed thrice and offered in- Kung, a former opium slave, now a prince in the cense and candles for 30 Buddhistic scriptures to Lord; and Mr. Fu, a business man and pillar of find the way of life." Now she has become a liv- one of our churches; and many others like them.

ing member of the Church of Christ, and an ar- There are also among them those with too much dent Bible reader. It is hard to realize how much unbridled enthusiasm like Sung the fifth who, it cost in sacrifice of self to become a single lamp after his conversion, went home to testify. He in a dark place like Mrs. Hu Li and many others. preached on the streets in his home town, made After her heart was reached she buried her idols, a deep impression, but took the idol of the Buddha but when truly converted she dug them up and with the 1,000 arms and eyes out of the temple burned them. She was the new believer who had and chased the priests away. He was caught by the story of her conversion printed and sent to all the police, beaten till unconscious and put in her relatives and friends with the signature: prison. As a member of a gospel team he is still "Formerly Hu Li, now Mrs. Born-Again." needing our constant guidance. It was also neces- Lighted Pagodas sary to guide wisely the trio consisting of a dyer of blue cloth, a coal shop owner, and a hatter.

All our three city churches are self-supporting, They memorized whole parts of the Bible and went self-governing, and largely self-propagating. The out preaching all over North China carrying neither purse nor scrip and refusing all support. forming of a number of volunteer evangelistic They had many conversions but they gave up their bands has been one of our most fruitful achieve- business, let their wives and children suffer, and ments. Spiritually, our volunteer leaders have came back to our church stranded and lacking in had much capital to invest and their profits are maintenance. therefore large. Bands are preaching in court yards, homes, factories and shops. They are The Hall of Happiness illuminating the neighborhood like lighted pago- Electrically lighted gospel posters on the doors das. As a member testified, they are greatly en- and walls make our two city gospel halls attraccouraged to see that "the Lord responds to man tive places where large crowds gather. There we as quickly as shadow to form or echo to voice." face five evenings a week the five types of Chinese Bible classes, various training classes of two society: weeks' duration, revival meetings, prayer meetings, cottage meetings, systematic home visitation, The scholars, feeling superior to the lower weeks of gate-to-gate preaching, report evenings, order of beings; classes of mass education, and other activities keep the lamps burning and make our large num- The farmers, in town to sell their products, ber of gospel teams a valuable asset in our aim to amazed by a civilization producing loudspeakwin the Chinese by the Chinese. Mr. Sun, of our ers and radios; church, this year bought a small printing press and prints all the tracts used by these volunteer The mechanics, who build and proclaim that bands at cost price. A shopkeeper keeps a bundle next to food, shelter is the only necessity of of tracts in his counter for free distribution. A life; seller of millet puts a tract in each package. Church-member Chao bought tracts and evan-~ The tradesmen weary of a day full of bartering in trying to squeeze the last penny; and The soldiers whose business in China often seems to be to consume what others produce.

gelistic literature worth two months of his salary But also, modestly sitting in a corner, there are and a nurse of our hospital gave 10 % of her in- the women, with dignified old faces or keen young come to the tract fund. ones, countenances with souls behind them, calm, The Chinese we come in contact with outside serene and composed, purged of egotism by living our churches are no longer worshiping idols at the in crowded quarters, the real leaders behind the temples. They are in the grip of a spiritual family thrones. Large colored posters, Biblical hunger. After the storm of change there are lantern slides in Chinese setting, music, singing, pears to gather. Shall Bolshevism reap them? and popular illustrated talks penetrate their The claim to the harvest of China is open to any walled-in hearts new to spiritual issues.

claimant. Our volunteer leaders are taking their Outside the meetings we reach the hitherto un- place. They are of all kinds: like Miss Wang, reached through Bible classes for men and- women, the teacher, who confessed that she used to "spend English night school for business boys and girls, many good coppers to buy sham silver with which day school for poor children, mass educational

classes, clubs for women and girls, and special the electrician, who persuaded his whole family, meetings for children, women, and parents. The including an old mother of 75 years, to throw gospel halls are also the entrance halls to our away their idols.. On Sunday he leads his family churches, a field for clinical experience and self- to the church and almost every evening he stands expression for our volunteer lay-leaders. There at the door of one of the gospel halls welcoming they receive their practical training in soul-win- the people with tracts bought with his own money. ning work. Always a group of them is present to testify, act as ushers, doorkeepers, and distrib- This year these services changed also the opium utor.s of enquirers' cards. After the preaching den of Mr. and Mrs. Chao into a little gospel hall. there is the gathering of enquirers in a side room. For years they had been opium smokers. They Personal things are there semi-publicly discussed, were fairly well-to-do but poor in spirit. It took privacy is rarely sought after and so one, once months of daily care before they found salvation. showing genuine concern about his soul life, has But once reached by Christ they were able to from the very beginning the support of a group break the opium habit without any medical assistof our leaders. ance. Their opium den became a neighborhood house where they preach and live the Gospel to- The work in the gospel halls reveals plainly that gether with Mrs. Chang "the woman with the the Chinese of today are, practically speaking, black soul." She came in contact with Christ at without a religion, without their many gods. They our weekly meetings at the Peiping prison. For are open to leadership, asking for anything that years she had sold opium to the coolie classes and promises to uplift, welcoming any idealism. "I injected morphine Into ricksha boys. Taken to am seeking for something worth while to live for" prison she found there salvation at one of our is a crying need often heard at these after-meet- meetings and has become an ardent and capable ings. These are the days to spread the Gospel in personal worker in one of our street halls. China. The results of this year's work in the gospel halls has been distinctly seen in the grow- The idols are falling and something will have to ing attendance at our churches. Mr. Hsia, a take their place. Russia has already hundreds of young student, who after his conversion kept on Chinese students working as volunteer agents in repeating: "I do not know how to describe my all parts of the country. Humanism of a nonexperience. Everything in and around me is so theistic tendency is already a potent force in the changed, even the leaves of the trees seem changed hearts of many a Chinese youth. If Christ Jesus to a new shade of green." He is an ardent mem- is to be the Saviour of the individual and the reber of a gospel team, disowned by his father, poor generator of present living conditions the Church in earthly goods for Christ's sake, but rich in of Christ in all lands must face the challenge and spirit, winning many young people. And Mr. Kao, spread the Glad Tidings to those who have not yet heard.

OLD CHINESE RELIGIONS LOSING GROUND By DR. FRANCIS CHO-MIN WEI, President of Chunghua College, a Protestant Episcopal Institution, Wuchang, Central China Dr. Wei, who is now in America, recently addressed the students at Yale University, New Haven, on "The Changing China and Christianity." He said: China has to choose what kind of nation she is to be. She is at the cross-roads. Her choosing within our generation will determine her destiny for the next century. And the world cannot be indifferent to her decision. China's most difficult problem is not political. In spite of the startling headlines occasionally 'found in newspapers in America, China is approaching national unification under able leadership. Her problem is not even economic. With peace and order restored, economic development is only a question of time. The West has ready lessons to teach us in this respect, and we are learning.

The problem of the gravest concern to one who looks seriously into the future of China is whether the spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently strong to direct and mold her political and economic development during the next thirty years. The popular religion which used to sway the masses is losing its grip. Taoism and Buddhism have no message for modern China. Confucianism is too closely tied up with the political and social institutions of the past to maintain its hold upon the people under a new economic order. But there is much in its outlook on life, in its ethical ideology, that may still be revitalized. Its conception of the individual as a social being in a network of relationships, each offering a chance for development, its emphasis on the duties of man rather than his rights, what he owes to others in his station of life rather than what he can claim for himself, its tremendous faith in the capacity of man for development and for living together, and its conviction that the universe is a moral order wherein man finds a place for moral lifeall these can be revitalized. But this can only be if Christianity brings to China and her masses the gospel that God is the Father of all men, that He desires them to live together as brothers, and that Jesus of Nazareth shows the way in which that kind of life can be lived.

Years' Growth in

By CLIFFORD M. DRURY, Ph.D., Moscow, Idaho A RECENT issue of the Bulletin of the Na- tians to take up the work dropped by their for- tional Christian Council of China (May eign comrades. More was accomplished under 25, 1934) carries the following statistics the urgent necessities of the time toward turning which reveal a very healthy growth of the Prot- over responsibility to the Chinese Christians tnan estant Christian Church in China during the nine would ordinarily have been accomplished in a years covered by the statistics: ,. decade or more. The persecutions endured by the 1923 1932 native C h r i s t.i an s purified the church and Foreign Missionaries (138 societies) .. 7,663 6,150 strengthened them in the faith. The foreigners Resident stations ………………. . 1,149 1,130 could flee but the native Christians were obliged Ordained Chinese clergy (124 societies) 1,696 1,86"5 Communicant (full) members ……. . 402,539 488,53g to stay and meet the opposition. :Now we are be- Under religious instruction ………. . 292,857 239,655 ginning to see the results of those turbulent years These statistics show an increase in the number -the Christian Church has grown! of ordained Chinese Protestant clergy of 169 and an increase of 86,000 communicants. There is a There was a great spiritual awakening for the decrease of 1,513 foreign missionaries; of 19 Christians in China following the Boxer uprising. resident stations; and of 53,202 of those under The Protestant Church doubled its membership religious instruction. On the whole the report is from 1900 to 1906. By 1907, the communicants very encouraging. The nine years covered have numbered 178,261. By 1923, this number had been some of the most troublesome for Christian been more than doubled again.' As the church missionary work. grew in numbers the ratio of increase decreased. Now during these nine years under review, the In 1926, five missionaries, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant, gave their lives to the cause church grew 21 %. of Christ. Others were taken captive by bandits. Communistic propaganda, with its anti-Christian A very significant development in the foreign teachings, was exceedingly strong in some sec- mission personnel in China is the increase of the tions.. The nationalistic spirit, with its anti-for- number of Americans as compared to the number eign tendencies, was equally strong in other sec- of Britishers. In 1907, there were 1,727 British tions. In both cases the Christian cause was missionaries to 1,304 American. The percentage under suspicion and criticism. was then forty-five to thirty-five, the balance be- ing made up of missionaries from other lands. Just before the Nanking tragedy of March, By 1922, only 18% of the Protestant missionaries 1927, the Protestant missionaries reached the peak of their numerical strength. At that time were British, while 51 % came from the United 8,200 were reported. When Nanking was taken States.

From 1858 to 1914 the ratio of foreign workers to native converts remained at about one to fifty.

by the southern troops, representatives of five na- After 1914 this ratio was changed. The with- tionalities were killed, including one Protestant drawal of missionaries following the Nanking in- missionary and two Roman Catholics. This trag- cident has now brought this ratio to one mission- edy hastened the withdrawal of all foreigners ary for every eighty communicants.

from all parts of the interior. By the summer of The Protestant work is strongest in the mari- 1927, 60 % of the 8,200 missionaries who were in time provinces because it was here that they first China before the Nanking affair, were out of got started, due to the rights to dwell in cert'ain China. Most of these returned to their home- treaty ports. In 1922, seven out of every ten l~nds. From three to five hundred were trans- communicants resided in these provinces, and ferred temporarily to mission stations in Korea, most of these lived in or near the treaty ports Japan, Siam, etc. About 3,000 remained in China, themselves.

many of whom found refuge in such coast cities The outlook for the growth of the Christian as Shanghai. Only about 500 remained in the in- Church is promising for the church is wen terior at their work. This wholesale evacuation equipped with native leadership. The old feeling was on the orders and advice of the consular and that the Christian religion was a "foreign" reli- diplomatic officials who were fearful of compli- gion is dying down. The one great purpose of the cations arising out of the Nanking incident. missionary is to put himself out of business by so One beneficial result of this wholesale evacua- developing the native work as to make the for- tion was the necessity of the Chinese native Chris- eign worker unnecessary.

[62 ]

J. R. SATHE (AT LEFT) AND CONVERTS FROM SETTLEMENT AT

A Robber's Church in India -4§f By H. R. COVENTRY, Baramati, Poona District, India J!t– Missionary of the Australian Churches of Christ Mission, 1916- DOWN the ages strange and varied persons proud Kaikadi who may lead an armed band of have composed the Church which is the highway robbers. These and many more types body of Christ. From the day when the are to be found scattered about this sub-continent dying thief on Calvary was granted pardon and with its 352,000,000 people. The villagers fear Joseph of Arimathea used his newly hewn tomb them and therefore shelter and protect them when for the body of Jesus, the criminal, as well as the the police are hot in pursuit. City dwellers have highly respected, has been attracted to Christ. A had occasion to know of their presence, and travrobber's church is an anomaly but a Christian elers by road or train have been their normal prey. fellowship may contain reformed robbers, vessels These are professional thieves, whose only trade made over into redeemed souls fit for the Master's is robbery. They are proud of their forbears and use. have schooled their children in stories of their A peculiar situation exists in India where large caste heroes. They glory in one who even stole groups or castes of people are hereditary crim- from the Police Superintendent's bungalow or had inals. They are to be found in all the provinces, taken clothes and jewels from the Governor's rail- both among those professing Hinduism and Islam. way train! The form of crime committed by.each They belong to various strata of society, from the caste is decreed by their patron god or goddess. outcaste gypsy to the proud caste man. Their "We are a divine scourge," declared one proud rascality varies from the cringing, petty thief tribesman,"ordained to relieve the avaricious and who steals small articles from the bazaar to the the rich of their unmerited riches. Without us [63 ]

what would you judges do." Those of us who to the American Marathi Mission of the American have been educated in nominally Christian coun- Board. Later the settlement at Hubli was en- tries, know something of the righteous commands trusted to the Society for the Propagation of the of God cannot easily understand the mentality of Gospel, and in 1920 the settlement at Baramati, people who lack any ethical sense such as under- conducted by the Australian Churches of Christ, lies the sixth commandment. was recognized by the Government of Bombay.

What remedies can instil into these tribes the A few years ago the Depressed Class Mission principles of common honesty? Fear of the police undertook the control of the Belgaum settlement and prison does not reform although it may nold and last year, the Servants of India Society joined crime in check. Some agency is needed to reform the ranks by taking over Jalgaon Settlement in the adults and to drag them out of the pit into Khandesh. Many settlements are still under di- which their fathers had fallen. Children must be rect Government control.

given a chance to know some ot~er type of life. Efforts are made to instil into the minds of the The solution of this problem has been attempted youth of these castes right principles of living.

by the establishment of settlements all oyer. India. Education is compulsory for all children up to For the past twenty-five years the Bombay thirteen years of age. Night schools continue the Presidency has intrusted this reformatory work work backed up by Scouting and Guiding, lectures to a Revenue officer for whom a special depart- on temperance and other topics. Trades are ment has been created, first known as the Crim- taught to enable boys to secure better positions, inal Tribes Settlement Department. More recently to wean them from crime, and to prepare them its scope has been enlarged and it is now called to live rightly.

the Backward Class Department. Many of the The Government gives voluntary agencies a free men of these tribes would have been in prison hand in their religious work for the task is after had it not been for these settlements. Not only is all spiritual. We fight against powers of dark- the criminal brought to a settlement, but his wife ness. Sin and evil are rampant. Immorality is or wives and children also. He is given a small often a part of their religious creed and custom plot of land, sometimes a cash advance, and is so that it is difficult to convince such a person of told to build a house of mud bricks and a grass sin.

roof. Settlements are usually located in open Sound religious education naturally finds a spaces outside of towns and a high barbed wire prominent place in Christian activities, but the fence is the only barrier to freedom. In some conscience clause is observed. Any settler object- places even that is absent. They are placed upon ing to Christian teaching may be transferred to a their honor and are told that good behavior frlr Government settlement and attendance at reli- six years will earn them release from the settle- gious classes is voluntary. In the Sholapur set- ment. Another six years on probation makes tlement a pastor and some Bible women are em- them free men once more. Much of the routine ployed in evangelistic work, assisted by the vol- work of the trained staff in each settlement is con- untary service of many Christian members of the nected with the finding of suitable employment staff. With over 4,000 people in the settlement for settlers. They are released during the day- and free colonies there is scope for all their efforts.

light hours to work within a radius of five miles. Fear is the religion of many settlers – fear of The second duty of the staff is to see that all are horrid goblins that fill the night with terrors; fear in the settlement at night. of the evil eye; fear of disease; fear of death.

After a few years of work, the Government de- There is no knowledge of the loving heavenly Fa- cided that if suitable private agencies would vol- ther for the love of God and love for fellowmen unteer to supervise the settlements they might be are new ideas that sink in very slowly.

handed over to them. "A voluntary agency is Since 1917 the Gospel of Christ has been con- actuated by a spirit of zeal and earnestness and stantly preached among the settlers at Sholapur.

by an undoubted religious fervor that cannot be· The usual policy has been to wait until a man has expected in a government department. Its per- been released to a free colony before he is bap- sonnel would not be subject to constant change as tized. This prevents any from asking baptism is the case of a government agency and would from unworthy motives. Character is the only therefore be able to keep in very close association thing that counts towards release from the settle- with the criminal tribes and work up a connection, ment. There have not been a large number of that would be a very great factor for success in converts through the years but the number is their regeneration." growing and they have continued to grow in grace.

In some provinces much of this work has been It has been an uphill road all the way.

undertaken by the Salvation Army. In 1917 the For many years one of the lady workers in the .growing settlement at Sholapur was handed over settlement, Miss E. C. Hoxie, has dreamed of a

A ROBBER'S CHURCH IN INDIA

suitable building where these souls won out of tain many former criminals who are now teachdarkness can worship the true God. She talked ing Sunday school classes, holding office in the of this plan while on furlough and she prayed church, preaching the Gospel! fervently. Some American friends gave money in memory of the Rev. L. H. Gates who lived and The work has not been easy. Social and family boycott have usually resulted from conversion. To have one's own bread thrown to one by an enraged wife, and to be told not to enter one's own door has been the experience of many. Their employ- ers, usually Hindu, have not been sympathetic and have insisted on Sunday work with loss of em- ployment as an alternative. They are not rice Christians. The missions are not feeding them, THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH worked long in Sholapur and altogether about – …… $5,000 were contributed. The settlement school children also brought their coppers and gifts in ~~ _.<", …: – "-I _P ~~ " … kind, to help in the building of God's House. The women's sewing class and the other converts took a .. – """.' ,. . . . . . . '"yo ,.. keen interest in the matter and the Christian staff gave a portion of their tithe for the building. A INTERIOR OF THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH Bombay architect submitted plans for a house of worship especially designed for India, to cost and many have gone hungry rather than deny Rs 16,000 (about $5,000), and the building was Christ. Carpenters, tailors, masons, clerks, teachopened on February 5, 1933. It is capable of seat- ers, are among the converts. One young man has ing 350 on the floor. taken a Bible School Training course and is now preaching the Gospel to his former caste people At the dedication service the writer was privi- and to the villagers around. These twice-born leged to conduct the first communion service in the men have become new creatures and are living new building and a goodly group of converts was new lives in Jesus Christ. present. At first this building was used only as the settlement chapel, and it has satisfied our spirit of reverence and our desire for quiet and beauty for worship. Plans for the recognition of this group as a church under the United Church of Northern India were consummated on September 10, 1933. The foundation members of the new church number 50, half of them being former criminals. J. R. Sathe, who had worked for many years among these people, was installed as pastor. It was the realization of a dream. The following Sunday fifteen more members were received into fellowship. These ex-criminals and their grownup children exhibit anew the power of the Gospel. Broken earthenware made over by Christ Jesus. Caste and fear are dethroned and Christ is enthroned in their lives. Those dug from a pit, centuries deep, are now rejoicing in free salvation.

The churches at Baramati and Hubli also con-

THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN ON THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGES OF INDIA Lord Lothian is a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee to submit to the British Parliament the draft of India's new Constitution. He is a former Undersecretary for India and was Chairman of the Indian Franchise Commission. As Sir Philip Kerr, he was the Pri- vate Secretary to Mr. Lloyd George when Prime Minister. Lord Lothian recently visited the United States in the interests of the Rhodes Trust of which he is the Secretary. He is a great friend of the India Christian colleges, on whose behalf he has been recently very active in Great Britain. At a luncheon in New York, in the interest of Christian colleges in India, the Marquis of Lothian said: .

"In this situation (Le., of internal disunity in India); is there any force comparable to that which can be exercised by the Indian Christian colleges for bridging these interior gulfs and for producing the kind of leader who can lead India toward both unity and freedom in the terrific experiment which is being launched today?

"When I studied the positions occupied by the gradu~tes of the India:Christian colleges in India today, I said, these rejuvenated colleges may be the (me saving factor in the situation.

I believe that in the first responsible ministry in the Province of Madras an the Indian min- isters were products of the Madras Christian College. The total number of students in these Christian colleges is about 14,000. Of that number about 2,000 are Christian, while the majority of students are Moslem or Hindu. The standing of the Christian colleges is high among the Hindus and Moslems because they are able to give the kind of education to their children that they want. There is something about the Christian spirit which they want and which they do not find in the government institutions.

"The central characteristic of modern education in India, as elsewhere, is that it breaks down the ancient religious loyalties and the ancient moral and social customs. Large numbers of the young generation are dr=ifting without any moral foundation for their lives. One of the main reasons why these Hindu: and Moslem parents send their children to Christian colleges is because they feel that some moral foundation is given them that they do not get elsewhere.

"The spirit of Christ shining through tllOse institutions can transform much of young India, and so produce leaders who are immune to or who can surmount the communal feeling, and the appeal to noncooperation and violence, and so act as political cement and give heal- ing wisdom in the difficult days that lie ahead.

"The work that c'an be done by the Indian Christian colleges is not only of value to India but of supreme value to the world. If the Indian experiment fails, if cooperation between Great Britain and India, during the next ten or fifteen difficult years, breaks down, whether through the inability of the BritiS'li"to move fast enough, to put themselves into the shoes of another nation, or whether through the inability of India to settle down to the practical work- ing of the constitution-the result will be further chaos for the world. We cannot afford to see another great section of the human race going into the sort of revolutionary disorder we have witnessed during the last twelve or fifteen years in many parts of the world.

"I feel very deeply that the Indian Christian colleges have an immensely important work to do. They are specially important in the case of women. There has been no more remark- able recent event in India than the development of the women's movement. I can without hesitation say that some of our most active, persistent, and competent witnesses were Indian women. The Christian colleges are training a large proportion of women students in India.

"The Lindsay Commission report gives a new and inspiring picture of the function of missionary education in India. It seeks to bring the students into much greater and closer touch with the real life of India, especially village life. It sets out to strengthen not only the technical equipment but the religious and Christian spirit in the colleges themselves. The Indian Christian colleges are not only doing a work for India, but even more for the whole of humanity."

and Encouragements at

As Seen by Home Mission Executives THE following are interesting answers to two questions sent to home mission executives to obtain their views as to the situation at the beginning of the New Year. The questions were as follows: 1. As you see it, what are some special present-day problems that we face in the Home Mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the home church and in the field?

Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook. EDITOR.

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS too great. The principal condition required for cooperation is understanding. This will go far to E. GRAHAM WILSON prevent waste and duplication, will correct mis- Executive Secretary, Board of National Missions, takes already made and insure united effort when Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. needed. Most of the religious bodies have agreed The home missionary work in America is fac- to this in theory but when an attempt is made to ing today some serious problems. Among them apply it to normal rather than exceptional situa- are the following: tions, strain is produced. How to obtain effectual 1. The incomes of all Home Mission Boards cooperation is the outstanding problem and is es- have been drastically reduced. This has necessi- sential for "comity." tated the cutting of salaries in many cases below 2. The great multitude of the unchurched prethe subsistence level. Appropriations for schools sent a challenge to the churches. There are large and hospitals have been reduced to a point where groups of foreign-speaking folk who have lost it has not been possible to maintain standards their affection for the church of their fathers and which should prevail. Repairs on Board-owned are wandering unshepherded and without any re- property have necessarily been neglected. l'igious connections. For instance, the evangelical 2. Practically no new work has been opened up bodies, as a rule, have ignored their obligation to during the past few years. The financial condi- share their knowledge and experience with Christ tion has made it impossible to respond to the many with the Jewish people. Industrial workers often urgent calls for service, some of which have a have a deep longing to help make this a better strategic bearing on the future of the whole home world but they have no appreciation of that more missionary task. abundant Life which Jesus Christ promised-not 3. Much remains to be done in the field of com- the abundant life of the economist but the larger Life of the Spirit. Even though we do not all ity. While something has been accomplished, in agree on the means to be used, the duty of min- some sections of the country there is still over- istering to these and other groups is so manifest lapp.ingt·of churPches and. cobm·petitiond bebtwte·en tdhe- that our neglect is a rebuke. n~mma IOns. rogre~s IS. ell~g m~ e, u.m e 3. The desperate conditions in rural areas in mmds of some ~enommatIOnahsm IS more Impor- 'America is reflected in the life of the rural tant than the Kmgdom of God. churches. Their pastors . are facing a terrific FRANK A. SMITH strain in their personal problems and. in their ministry. Two great needs are: first.· a leader- Secretary of Missions in the United States," American Baptist ship that has sufficient support to give the men a Home Mission Society sense of permanence, and second, vision andjn- spiration for the larger parish and for the smaner 1. The magnitude of the home mission problem calls for the united efforts of all Protestant forces. fields. This is one of our major responsibilities. While the differences in doctrine and practice 4. The Home Mission enterprise is affected on must be recognized, the situation demands a every side by social conditions that cannot be united home mission strategy. No church or de- ignored and to which the missionary forces' must nomination is equal to the task singlehanded, and bring a solution. The changing social order can the entire resources of Protestantism are none never accomplish its goal without Christ. In all [ 67]

social problems the basic requirement is spir- 2. Private and public relief, correcting unemitual, for progress that is simply material cannot ployment and lost morale, economic and social malendure. A demonstration of Christian living is adjustments, with their consequent liabilities, deneeded, an exhibit of Christian relations among mand a new appraisal of this phase of our modmen. The church must speak out in matters of ern home missionary task and a clear understandhuman welfare because social justice can never be ing of its relationship to government, state and established by law of man but by the law of God. local relief agencies, in order to increase efficiency as well as to avoid duplication of effort and waste E. D. KOHLSTEDT of resources in an imperative realm of religious responsibility. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church 3. Racial relationship issues in the United States, more acute than elsewhere, challenge The Christian's constant concern is the totality home missionary service, particularly among of individual and collective life. United States American Negroes who, despite a heritage of history is replete with illustration of enriching servitude and unj ustifiable economic and personal services rendered by preachers and missionaries, discriminations, have recorded the' most amazing pioneers of progress and creators of national chapter in the history of racial progress. The ideals. Today functional frontiers, in underprivi- crime of lynching human beings is a form of lawleged and complex areas of life, confront the lessness that still stains the American Flag, sym- Church of Christ with an intensive task that must bol of democratic freedom and fair play. mean an active, cooperative interest in the current economic and social as well as in the purely per- Dr. Edwin Lewis, of Drew University, mentions sonal issues that determine human and national the following incentive to cultivate a genuine paswelfare. sion for sacrificial service to these and other de- veloping life situations that now challenge the An unwholesome industrial and social system Church of Christ: that breeds economic inequities, ignores unjust racial discriminations, tolerates city slum and If Christ could have His way with men, there would be dumping ground residential areas, barters with no industrial oppression, no hopeless little children, no beer barons and liquor lords for the privilege of cheerless old age, no grinding poverty, no fattening of the physical and moral debauchery, winks at salacious few on the toil of the many, no racial hatreds, no armaliterature and indecent film portraitures of the ments, no false standards of judgment as between man worst features of life, cheapens itself by iniquitous and man. Only as the race can make progress in this divorce laws, cannot escape the concern of an direction can there be any hope of the future, and such aroused Christian conscience. Unj ustifiable ex- progress depends entirely upon whether or not the foltremes between poverty and plenty, starvation and lowers of Jesus Christ are willing to leave the eternal fate surfeit, are an anomoly that has no rightful place of their souls in their Lord's hands while they devote themin the scheme of professedly Christian common- selves to making his spirit operative in the world of today. wealth. Modern Home Missions must be concerned with areas of life that challenge the JAMES S. KITTELL resources of a living faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of realities in the realm of re- Secretary, Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church ligion. in America The work of modern home missionaries in new 1. A financial survey reveals certain weakareas of activity is more impersonal and intricate, nesses as to invested funds. There should be a but not less romantic, urgent or significant to the more careful watch set on mortgages as to the welfare of this nation, than that of our pioneer real estate, not only its value but also as to its preachers. Among the causes that now challenge future. There should be regular renewals with the mental and material resources of American amortization insisted upon, a careful search of Home Missions are: court and tax records, especially to watch liens against the properties which have proved very 1. Distinctive social situations, different from embarrassing of late. Bonds and stocks should early American community life. To make the be passed upon by experts and changes made to Gospel of Jesus Christ a reality to polyglot city increase income and security each year. centers; to cement our Americanization process with the concept of universal brotherhood; to en- Budgets should be made on the basis of a threesure an adequate religious ministry to changing year income avoiding sudden expansion during mountain, rural and urban communities; and to one prosperous _year. A program of expansion cultivate a cooperative Christian ministry to man- should cover a number of years, with the most kind, regardless of traditions and prejudices, is a important points kept at the top and taken up task that requires heroic service. only as finances warrant after a due considera- tion of the future carrying charges. No new work should be undertaken because of the de- mands of ecclesiastical organizations, but only in

PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS AT HOME

harmony with sound judgment. The depression tofore. We are not merely camping until some- has proved that the Lord does not take care of thing better comes along; we are here for busi- presumptuous programs of expansion. ness as long as the Lord wants us here."

2. The field today offers many opportunities The Home Mission boards are facing many which should be considered. There is also the serious problems, but they are determined to rise opportunity for reorganization of the field, espe- up and enter the promised land of opportunity cially in the light of changing rural and city con- and service for Christ who is the nation's only ditions. There should be a wise insistence on hope.

mergers and refusal to carryon a work because FRANK A. SMITH of sentiment only. Through the Home Missions 1. There is ground for encouragement in the Council there is a growing cooperation in the general feeling that the reconstruction of life to- matter of unreached fields and classes, which day, both for the individual and for society, needs promises a more effective work over a wider area. all available spiritual resources, and that the 3. As to missionary personnel we must give Church, as one of the fundamental institutions heed to the training of men gifted for and de- concerned, is making a valuable contribution. The sirous of doing special kinds of work. In the splendid service of our home missionaries who past too many have entered the work with only have assumed burdens far beyond what should general ministerial or educational qualifications. rightfully be required and who have labored cheer- There is need for special insight into and desire fully amid discouragement, furnish one of the to do a particular type of work. All our mission- most splendid chapters in church history.

ary schools should be kept to the simplest kind of 2. The growth of the spirit of cooperation is work, with no large budgets and no showy fadist increasing the love and confidence of different de- departments for advertising purposes, such as nominations in each other. The study of the fields handicraft. by home mission leaders, where different denom- SOME ENCOURAGEMENTS inations are at work, has revealed a statesman- ship and purpose to avoid useless and hurtful E. GRAHAM WILSON competition and serious duplications. This atti- There are elements in the Home Mission situa- tude promises a new day in Home Missions. The tion which give ground for encouragement as we number of projects in which various churches pool their resources is increasingly large. The face the new year. 1. The receipts of most Home Mission Boards development will be slow, too slow to suit the are slightly in excess of last year. We believe we more ardent and critical, but it is so firmly estabhave touched bottom in the matter of decrease in li~b.ed that it will have increasing recognition. financial support. While the increase has been 3. The Home Mission enterprise is of such magsmall, there are some substantial increases in the nitude that no single Christian body is equal to giving of churches and individuals. One board it and our combined resources are not commenreports the largest single legacy in its history. surate with the opportunity. Present social, eco- 2. There is increased evidence that the Prot- nomic, and religious conditions demand a redisestant Church believes in the importance and . tribution of resources, workers, and fields, for value of the home missionary enterprise. Not the need of the hour will not be met by each one only is it conscious of the fact that the present seeking to do his best irrespective of others but church is the result of the home missionary work by recognition of the fact that we are workers toof the past, but it also realizes that unless there gether with each other and workers together with is a missionary program in America today there God. will be no Church of tomorrow. The many under- JAMES S. KITIELL privileged peoples of America appeal to our sym- One has to look closely to discern encourage- pathy and arouse us to a realization that for them ments in Home Mission work today but we are not also Christ died. without them.

3. The courage and devotion of our home mis- 1. The depression has brought the work closer sionaries in these difficult days is a great inspira- to the individual church and has led to a keener tion and a source of encouragement. Salaries of sense of responsibility for the work. The next practically all have been drastically cut; responsi- few years should see the pressing of the fact that bilities have been increased; missionaries have the whole enterprise is based on the church.

oftentimes been asked to make "bricks without 2. There is one change in the situation that we straw," but they have carried on without com- must heed in these times and that is the growing plaint. As one wrote to his board : "We are go- tendency of the Federal Government to take over ing to stay on the job even ,if the board should all relief, to establish old age pensions, unemploy- take away all the allowance they have given here- ment insurance, etc. It seems that the money for

this work will be secured from inheritance taxes. velopment of particular fields. Comity will see to This probably means the diminishing of legacies it that there is no overlapping. "Fewer pieces of as well as the directing of generous minded peo- work, and better," will be the ideal. Such fields ple to material relief as over against the spiritual will be built as are our schools and colleges, on a needs of men. broad and permanent base, with a program as wide as the community and as deep as human ERNEST M. HALLIDAY need. They will be controlled as much as pos- General Secretary, Extension Boards of the Congregational and sible by their several constituencies and will aim Christian Churches; PreSidetlt, Home Missions Council at hearty participation and financial support by The Home Mission situation is big with prom- everybody concerned. The boards have no easy ise. It thrills with the spirit of adventure. money to pass out for half-hearted service to Changes are upon us. The old wells of personal moribund churches, but they have funds with commitment and devotion to duty must be redug which to support enterprises which are vital, for- in all our churches. That is an inspiring task for ward-looking and constructive.

the Home Mission Boards. New ways of preach- It may well be, as was recently suggested by a ing, teaching and applying the Gospel are just distinguished and experienced denominational ahead. A generation of young people is ready for leader, that the consolidated school in rural sec- education in self-expression, social outlook, and tions is pointing the way to the consolidated practical helpfulness. Older folk are at a point church. Instead of sending our missionaries where they have time and inclination to be led on around to little groups in separate churches, why explorations into broad, new fields of culture. should we not send the school buses out on Sun- 1. Cooperative planning within the denomina- days to bring the people in – whole families of tionsand between them is eliminating lost motion them- to a well-equipped and manned central and unnecessary expense. This has a good start church plant, worthy to rank with the central but it still has far to go. Specialized training of rural school? Is not the work of the church as home missionaries deserves emphasis. None but important as that of the school?

the strongest should be chosen. It takes as big a 3. Finances? Yes, they offer a problem hard man, perhaps bigger, to do an effective job in an to handle. Income is 41.7% lower than it was in isolated, lonely parish as in a staunch old church 1929. But the downward curve is leveling itself where the general set of the current is in the di- out. It may even start upward after awhile. The rection of religion. He needs to be rugged in main problem is so to readjust our activities that physique, warm of heart, sturdy in mind, deep they will be thoroughly effective in this new day.

and true of soul. Such men, trained for sel1vice If we can do that, financial support will follow.

and ready to serve, will find opportunity in the home missions of tomorrow. Ten Obstacles to Modern Missions The line of development may be envisioned Dr. Julius Richter, Professor-Emeritus of missions in something like this. First of all will come positiye Berlin University, gives ten difficulties which world-wide cooperation between the· various Mission Boards. missions face to-day: By working together at a common task, the field 1. The financial depression which compels a curtailment of each will be broadened, and fraternal appre- of work.

ciation intensified. Why, for example, should not 2. Loss of prestige to Christianity due to brutalities all our boards come to look to the interdenomina- of the World War. tional bureau of architecture of the Home Missions Council for architectural service? Why 3. Un-Christian and anti-Christian science and tech- nique, the fruits of which are sought by non-Christian peoples.

should not Alaska be regarded as a geographical 4. Competition between Roman Catholic and Protestant unit and organized under a cooperative set-up missions as in the Congo. which all could have a part in supporting? Why 5. New advance of Islam—especially in Africa. should we not work together in what we do for 6. Bolshevistic atheistic communism. Indians and Spanish-speaking folk and immi- 7. Nationalism, especially its "anti-foreign" phase. 8. Increasing restrictions placed upon missionary edu- grants as we now do for farm and cannery mi- cation by non-Christian governments. grants? Why may we not jointly employ special- 9. Immoral lives of many representatives of white rulists in city and rural work who, divorced from administrative responsibilities, will serve all the ing classes at home and abroad. 10. Institutionalism, which absorbs so many people amt so much money and often hampers aggressive evangelism.

boards as expert counsellors? Why should not A mission study program might be built effectively all missionary organizations join forces in the around these points. Were any of them characteristic of first-century missions? Which are a rebuke to our lives, support of "preaching missions" for all the . our methods, our wrong zeal, our improper standards of churches? judgment? What is the true goal of missions?-The Mos- 2. There will be intensified denominational de- lem WO'rld.

Among Italians in

By REV. A. DI DOMENICA, Philadelphia Pastor 01 the Italian Baptist 'Church W HEN Paul wrote his Epistle to the Jewish- a metamorphosis: instead of being the means of Christians of Rome, speaking in general Christianizing the heathens she became heathen- terms of the gentiles as "being filled with ized! Before his "conversion" the Emperor of all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, cov- Rome had been the Pontifex Maximus of the etousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, heathen religion; when he accepted Christianity debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, that title was retained, but under the mask of the haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, in- Christian religion!

ventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, When Constantine removed his seat to Byzan- without understanding, cov- thium and the bishop of Rome enant breakers, without natural was left behind, the Church be- affection, implacable, unmerci- The pre sen t condition gan to lose sight of the altar for ful" (Romans 1: 29-31), he among the four and one half the throne, and the cross for purposely or incidentally al- million Italians in the United the sword! As the Church luded to the moral and spiritual States is described by one of began to a c qui r e political condition of the Italian people their own number as being strength, she lost spiritual as they were chief among the Hmoral and religious chaos." power. In proportion that she gentiles of the world. How- Nominally most of them are enriched herself in secular and ever, when these Italians ac- Catholics; in reality they material things, she impover- cepted Christianity, they be- are materialists. There is, ished herself in spiritual attaincame the light of the world, de- however, a Hsaving remnant" ments. This was illustrated by fying persecution and death for composed of some 25,000 Savonarola w hen he said: the sake of their Master. The aerveanggaethliecraeld iCnh2r4is0tiParnosteswtahnot "There was a time when the churches. The Spirit of God Colosseum in Rome and the is moving in this Hchaos" and Church had wooden cups and catacombs are living monu- golden clergy; but now she has ments of their faith and Chris- is bringing l)ew spiritual life golden cups and woo den tian fortitude. clergy." The same thing was and activity. There is reason observed by Thomas of Aquinas The Christians of Rome were to thank God and take cour~ examples of holiness in the time age, but the solution presents when one day the Pope, who of the sojourn of Paul in Rome. a challenge to the Church of was boasting of the wealth of Writing to the Philippians he Christ in America. the Church, said: "Thomas, speaks of them in high terms: the Church cannot say now: "All the saints salute you, 'silver and gold have I none!' "

chiefly they that are of Cresar's household" (Phi- Aquinas retorted: "Neither can she say: 'Arise lippians 4: 22) . and walk.''' Aquinas knew that the Church had This characteristic which signalized in such a lost her spiritual fiber because of her earthly am- conspicious way the faith of the Christians of bitions.

Rome was handed down from one generation to In proportion as the Church adopted heathen another until the time of Constantine when the practices and beliefs, the Italians became less and Christian religion became a State Religion. We less Christian in their religious thinking and life.

all know the change that took place in the Church They have absolutely no sense of the tragedy of of Jesus Christ from that time on. If in the past sin and the impelling necessity of the new birth the Church had insisted on the new birth as con- as the foundation for a genuine Christian experi- dition for membership, now it begins to receive ence. They have no conception of this funda- into its bosom unregenerated persons. The State mental principle of the Christian religion. It is even compelled soldiers to accept baptism without true that the same catastrophic situation is being conversion and in course of time the Church experienced even among the so-called Christians adopted many heathen practices to satisfy the of Protestant faith and heritage, yet it is more taste of the newcomers. The Church experienced evident among Roman Catholics.

[71 ]

Since the Roman Church adopted so many and when he found little response on the part of heathen doctrines and practices, the religion of the Roman clergy and people, he said: "The the Italians centered itself in outward formalities; Christian conscience is more than half destroyed, devoid of spiritual value. When one goes to Italy and it is only through divine mercy that any por- or visits Italian communities in our large cities in tion remains."

America, and sees the various celebrations in When the Italians immigrated to America they honor of Italian patron saints and madonnas he carried with them their religious heritage mixed is apt erroneously to consider the Italians very de- with superstition, irreligion, indifference and a vout and religious. Christian conscience "more than half destroyed."

When Paul visited Athens "his spirit was On top of this we must add another painful situa- stirred in him when he saw the city wholly given tion little apprehended by our American friends.

to idolatry" (Acts 17: 16), and he did not hesitate Italians did not leave the old world for religious to tell his hearers at Mars' Hill that they were motives as did the Pilgrim fathers. The sons of "extremely religious" with a religion that satis- Italy crossed the ocean for purely economic rea- fied the priests but not the burning soul of Paul. sons and in years gone by we have heard them The same thing can be seen today in Italy and in say: "We did not come to America to bother about Italian communities in America. religion; we came here to make money. When we The Rev. Dr. J. H. Eager, for a number of years go back to Italy, then we'll go to church."

a Baptist missionary in Italy, in his book "Roman- While the Italian immigrants came to America ism in Its Home," quotes Prof. Raffaele Mariano, with the intention of going back to Italy as soon of the University of Naples, who in an address on as their economic situation would warrant it, they "Religious Thought in Italy" said: became attached to American life and decided to establish themselves here permanently. Their With the sacraments reduced to mechanical acts, with marvelous advance in the social, educational and purgatory and pecuniary offerings to free from it, with economic life has astonished every observer and festivals, indulgences, jubilees, pilgrimages, relics, mir- student of the New Americans. But they have acles, adoration of saints and madonnas, Romanism has inoculated in the Christian religion the forms of magical and idolatrous naturalism…… And the worst of all is not been immune from the influence of atheistic that Romanism makes the sacerdotal hierarchy the only propaganda. Agitators are found everywhere and indispensable mediator of the religious and moral life. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, sowing tares of The atonement, repentance, absolution of sin, the efficacy doubts and unbelief among the people of the of the Christ and His benefit, everything centers itself in a monopoly of the hierarchy. From all this we must con- middle class. If this propaganda has not made clude that Romanism is the very opposite of that duty many full-fledged atheists, it has succeeded in which distinguishes the human soul…… This religion may have had its days of glory and usefulness, but it has causing many to drift farther and farther away now become a pure formalism. It has no power over the from any religious influence.

morals of the people; it does not attract or educate or With a background such as Prof. Mariano, edify the masses, but simply holds them under its sway by Father Curci and many others have described, and force of habit, by inert traditionalism, and its ultimate adding to it the condition of the American life as result can only be ignorant credulity in the midst of we have endeavored to portray, the religious life ignorant incredulity. of the Italians in America is far worse than that And yet we must not be too severe on this miserable re- ligious conscience of the Italian people, for when did the of their brethren in Italy. In the midst of this leading classes take the trouble of illuminating and rais- crude reality which describes in contradictory ing it up? It pains me to have to confess it: the religious terms the irreligiosity of the Italians, their supercondition of the upper classes in Italy is much more trou- stition, idolatry and semi-atheism, they would inbled than that of the common people. With a few honor- variably call themselves Roman Catholics should able exceptions, they present to us a large army of minds whose existence is a perpetual moral somnolence; unable they be asked about their religious affiliation. to believe, they have not enough moral strength to dis-·- believe anything seriously. They are Catholics for social When you talk to them about the doctrines of the convenience and opportunism. They boast that they have Roman Church such as the auricular confession, minds strong and free; but whilst they attack religion, purgatory, indulgences, mass, litanies, etc., they they send their children to Jesuit schools. They have no say: "I don't believe in these things, but I was convictions, and laugh at everything; but you see them born a Catholic and I shall die a Catholic …… I on every occasion ordering masses and priestly funerals. don't care to attend the church and support it They desire the priest, but in the solemn moments of life financially, but -I am a Catholic, and I am proud . they throw themselves, body and soul, into the arms of the of it." clergy….. .

Prof. Mariano was not a Protestant, but as a Prof. Archibald McClure, of the University of student and observer of the religious life of the Chicago, in his book "Leadership of the New Italians he was honest enough to say the truth. America," says: Father Curci, a great scholar, had a great de- The startling assertion has been frequently made this sire to translate and publish the New Testament, past winter that 90 per cent of the Italians are without

CONDITIONS AMONG ITALIANS IN AMERICA

the sway of the Roman Catholic Church. Though they priest as being parasite, gnawing worm, bag of coal, selmay still go to church to be baptized, married and buried, fish, and author and bearer of misfortunes . . . this is their sole connection with it. Even this is a matter of social custom rather than conviction. A leading Italian All that is being said by the people in Italy against the priest in New York admitted that at least 50 per cent of hated priest, their most foolish accusations, their most the Italians were without the church, except for baptism, infamous malignity, are repeated in America by the Italmarriage and burial-and that although some 3,000 at- ian people. Very often they salute the priest when he is tended Sunday services in his church on the lower East in front of them, but to his back they say uncomplimen- Side, there were as many more in that neighborhood who tary things against him . . . While we see the Amerdid not do so. . . . .. A father of a very prominent Italian icans, both Protestant and Catholic, respecting their lawyer of New Jersey has been here forty-two years and priests and devoted to their churches, the Italians speak never been in the church; another Italian notary public disparagingly of their priests, saying: "Let them go to in West Virginia, though here fourteen years, never goes work" . . . "I don't intend to support them" . . . "They to the church-just two instances of religious indifference repeat the same thing." . . . . "I . . . go to church?" which might be multipled by the hundreds and the thou- Hence we see that not even five per cent of the Italians sands." attend church.

One Sunday morning I preached on "The Re- This statement is by an Italian priest who ligious Indifference of Galio," one of the twelve knows the religious condition of his people. The Italians mentioned in the New Testament (Acts religious condition of the Italian Catholics in 18: 12-17). I deplored the religious indifference America has not changed for the better during the of our modern Italians who generally go to church past twelve years. The situation of the second on three occasions of their life: christening, mar- and third generations is very perplexing and of riage and burial. At the close of the service a great concern to those who are interested in their young man approached me and said: "Pastor, I welfare. These American-born seem to have given want to thank you for your sermon but I don't up the good traits which their parents imported agree with you when you said that the Italians from Italy, and to have retained the bad ones, go to church on three occasions in their life. In and on the top of this they have absorbed the fact, when they are christened and buried, they worst customs of the American life. The combiare carried there; so they go only once by their nation is not an easy matter with which to deal. own free-wilL" May God inspire and lead us in handling this disturbing situation. Speaking with an intelligent Italian business man on religious matters, and learning that he Now if this is the picture of the religious status did not believe· in the most important doctrines of the Italians in America, what are we going to of Catholicism and did not support his Church in do about it? Shall we imitate the priest and the any way, I pointed out to him that he could not levite of the parable and "pass by on the other be a good Catholic if he rejected practically all si~' or shall we follow the example of the Good her doctrines and dogmas. He answered: Samaritan who proved to be a real neighbor?

"Reverend, when you go to a banquet you don't It is to be regretted that in America there is a eat everything they put before you, but you sim- tendency on the part of some people who say that ply take what you like. So I do with my religious Protestant has no right to disturb the faith of food." "My dear man," I replied, "judging from these Italians and to try to convert them. But what you said you believe, it seems to me, that do they have any real faith to be disturbed? Their you don't take any food at all from your Catholic own priests acknowledge that they have none. banquet; if you don't change cook and dining The objections come from "broad minded" minroom you will soon be starving to death!" isters who have influenced not a few of our Prot- estant pulpits, men who believe that all religions He laughed and said: "Well, what's the differ- are of equal moral value. If all roads lead to ence; religion to me is a secondary matter. I Rome, all roads do not lead to Heaven. There never bother about it. I am a Catholic …… and was no compromise on the part of Jesus Christ this is enough for me." concerning the way of salvation. He did not hesi- tate to disturb the Jews and to tell them they The Rev. P. Pambianco, a priest of an Italian must be converted. Catholic Church of Philadelphia, published an article in L'Opinione, a daily Italian paper of the If Protestantism has no mission in the world same city, on July 20, 1922, in which he says: today then the Reformation of the 16th century was a colossal mistake. But if Protestantism has Our colonies have no consideration for the Italian Cath- a work to do, let us not hesitate to disturb the olic clergy. They still have ferocious prejudices against faith of the Italians and with renewed faith, in the clergy as though the priests were one of the causes Jesus Christ, and with enthusiasm and consecrafor the propaganda which is being waged against the tion let us go forward in preaching the Gospel to Italians who are looked down upon in America . . . the people "who recently came from Italy" (Acts The Italian people have been influenced against the clergy 18: 2). by the well known ring-leaders who have instilled in the people's mind the most foolish prejudices, hatreds, scorns, sarcasms and defamations. Hence utterances against the

Success of Missionary

By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, _.•<tff{ New Haven, Connecticut Department of Social Sciences, Yale University TAKEN as a whole, missionary children ap- in "making themselves useful and valuable mem- pear to be of unusually high character and to bers of society" and in thus becoming "men whose achieve unusual success. This fact was for- achievements render the world a better place in cibly brought out by Dr. Robert E. Speer in an which to live." The method at Harvard was more address at the annual meeting of the American personal, but otherwise was essentially the same.

Eugenics Society in May, 1934. In that address The number of missionaries was small (six at Dr. Speer emphasized the value of the fine train- Yale and two at Harvard), but it is worth noting ing received by missionary children. Another that all of these eight were ranked high, and their factor, however, is likewise important, namely average was notably higher than that of graduates their biological inheritance. From birth onward in any other profession. This rating is confirmed no two individuals are absolutely alike in either by other facts. Dr. Speer, for example, states appearance, intellect, or temperament. "Identi- that thirty-six missionaries from the Presbyterian cal" twins, springing from a single egg, are al- Board alone have been decorated by foreign gov- most exactly alike until diverse environments ernments. Who's Who in America for 1926-27 cause them to differ, but other pairs of brothers contains forty-seven sketches of missionaries and and sisters, even ordinary twins, differ greatly about twenty-seven times as many of clergymen physically, and the mental differences are even who are not missionaries. This means that, in more noticeable. Innumerable experiments make proportion to their numbers, the missionaries are it clear that no known method of training can con- fully as likely to be included in Who's Who as are vert a congenital moron into a genius. On the the clergymen who stay at home. This is in spite other hand, a person born with a fine intellect can of the fact that the missionaries are buried far be trained in many directions. Environment hiay away in foreign countries where there is little turn him into a skillful criminal or a spiritual opportunity for their deeds to become widely leader; but in either role he will excel because of known among Americans. Hence it appears that inborn ability. The unusual success of missionary missionaries as a whole achieve a much higher children apparently is due to the fact that they degree of what is commonly called success than possess unusual innate ability, and therefore can do the clergymen who stay at home.

profit from excellent training. Turning now to the children of missionaries, the But what evidence have we as to the success of three Yale classes studied included six sons of missionary children? In contradiction to the old missionaries, all of whom are engaged in non- sayings as to the black sheep among ministers' missionary professions. These, as well as the sons and deacon's daughters, Dr. Speer has col- actual missionaries, were ranked phenomenally lected many forceful opinions which indicate very high by their classmates, averaging well above the high ability, character and success. While there sons of graduates in any other profession.

is not much statistical evidence to uphold this In another investigation the college careers of favorable opinion, such evidence as we have indi- Yale classes graduating from 1922 to 1926 were cates that missionaries are as a rule highly suc- examined. The members of these classes were cessful and that their children follow in their ranked according to their official records as to steps. A few years ago, Dr. John C. Phillips and scholarship, athletic activity, other extra-cur- the writer cooperated in a study of the success of ricular activities, and earnings. The eighteen college graduates and the relation of success to young men who -were sons of missionaries out- the size of families. He took three classes at ranked the sons of every other profession. Un- Harvard who had been out of college 25 or 30 fortunately it is impossible to pick out all the chil- years, and I took three similar classes at Yale. dren of missionaries in "Who's Who," but some In the case of the Yale graduates, from five to can be identified and the number of sons of mis- nine men in each class graded their classmates on sionaries appears to be out of all proportion to the a scale of one to five according to their success actual number of missionaries. For example, [74 ] among the seventy-one missionaries listed in the sionaries, as in no other profession, the same rig- 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," at least thirteen, orous selective processes apply to both fathers and including all three of the missionary women in mothers. Selection on both sides of the family the book, are children of missionaries. But among seems to be one of the great secrets of the success missionary children it is not probable that more of missionaries' children. than one in ten or twenty return to the foreign All this means not only that the missionary child field. Even if one in ten go back, missionary chil- is very carefully trained, but that the biological dren are nearly twice as likely to be included in material to which the training is applied is of "Who's Who" as are the children of clergymen in high quality. One member of the great J. P. Morgeneral. Further exact data on this subject are gan banking firm, for example, is the son of a greatly needed, but enough has been said to show missionary, while many others are in equally inthat wherever we have yet been able to test the fluential positions. It is natural for religious matter, the children of missionaries on an average leaders and educators to believe that training is show unusual ability and achieve notable success. the main reason for high character and success.

Let us consider now the reasons for this suc- The world has long believed that if children could cess. Undoubtedly one is the good training which be properly trained in every respect, many of our the children of missionaries receive in their early troubles would end. It seems to be scientifically years. Another and equally important reason is demonstrable, however, that unless we have able that such children are usually endowed with a fine leaders no such training is possible, and the rank biological inheritance. Their parents are selected and file will not make progress. It seems equally very rigorously. The Builders of America, writ- certain that able leaders are born as well as made. ten by Mr. Leon F. Whitney and the present au- Even though our present knowledge of human inthor, calls attention to the fact that the mission- heritance is very imperfect, it is clear that higharies of practically all the more intellectual de- grade parents tend to produce children of high nominations must be well educated, which means grade. In individual cases the children of the that they must have good minds to start with. fine parents may turn out poorly, because every Next they must be deeply religious. Third, they one carries a highly mixed inheritance. Weare must be so altruistic that they are willing to make genuine mongrels because thus far there has been great sacrifices. Fourth, they must have the no satisfactory eugenic program. Nevertheless, pioneering spirit, or the spirit of adventure which repeated investigations demonstrate that if a thoumakes them eager to go to one of the remote parts sand children of high-grade parents are compared of the earth. A fifth type of selection arises from with a thousand children of low-grade parents the the necessity for moral courage, and for the kind forwer type will have a decided advantage. Thereof strength that resists the attractions of life in for'e it is highly desirable that there be relatively America with all its opportunities for fame, large families among missionaries, among whom wealth, and pleasure. The majority of mission- both parents have been chosen through a process aries must be willing to resign themselves to life of strenuous selection. Today among the missionin some lonely corner where no one but God knows aries listed in the 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," much about their struggles and their successes. the average number of children born in completed Physical as well as moral courage is a sixth qual- families amounts to 3.48 whereas it was 3.71 ten ity which acts as a selective factor. One who is years earlier. The corresponding figures among physically timid, or at least who yields to physical clergymen in America are 3.21 and 3.29, while timidity, rarely goes to a mission field. It takes among all the men in "Who's Who" it was 2.80 the finest kind of courage to proceed quietly with in 1922-23 and among artists only 2.20. The famone's work when a Boxer uprising or the fierce ilies of missionaries have declined appreciably anger of savages endanger one's life. Still an- during the last decade while those of the clergy at other factor in the selection is the fact that only home have changed only a little. Nevertheless, people of good health and sound constitution are the missionary families still remain slightly accepted for the mission field and later ill health larger than the others, and both clergymen and of any member of the family may cause their re- missionaries have more children than are born in turn home. Thus missionaries are selected be- the less altruistic professions. Those who because of intellectual ability, religious earnestness, lieve in the value of religious training, as well as altruism, the spirit of adventure, moral courage, of heredity, see in this a good sign. The world physical courage and good health. But the most has no greater need than that of high-grade chilimportant point of all is that among foreign mis- dren in high-grade homes.

of the Unchurched

By J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D., New York Minister of the Community Center and Training School, West 44th Street United Presbyterian Church p: OFFICIAL resolution, passed at the recent get this truth across to all the children and youth National Convention of the Protestant of the nation by every possible method of ap- Episcopal Church, reads in part: proach? This is the truth and is tremendously "Whereas, millions of unchurched children in worth saying, and as soon as the churches can say this country constitute a major responsibility and it and mean it, a vast change will begin to take an unrivalled missionary opportunity for the place throughout America. Church." It is futile to try to reach all these millions of The resolutions called upon all the bishops, children and youth by anyone method, however clergy and churches "to make every effort to valuable. Doubtless, a genuine awakening of the reach these children through our church schools churches would lead to a great expansion of Sunand other agencies for Christian education." Sim- day school work and to a vast improvement in ilar action was taken by the New York and Kan- its general quality. But many millions of these sas Synods of the United Presbyterian Church and by the United Lutheran Church of America in youth will need to be reached by other methods. their biennial convention. These official actions, One thoughtful man, writing on the subject, says: taken during October of this year, make it clear that there is a real and widespread stirring of "We need practically a new profession created, of conviction on this question of evangelizing the persons who specialize on finding contact with a children and youth of America. The question group of these young people and leading them into was under prayerful discussion as to the need for the knowledge and experience of the truth as it is in Christ." What a chance for a training school for leaders of youth that would be competent to develop such "a new profession" !

a national agency to promote Christian effort For younger children one of the great fields to among unchurched children and youth. be expanded is Bible teaching of public school It is clear that only a powerful, sustained, na- children on released time. In Chattanooga, for tionwide effort can enlist and guide our churches the past twelve years, a committee representing in reaching double the number of children and youth than they are now reaching. No one church all the Protestant churches has selected and emcan solve this problem. It will tax the resources ployed Bible teachers in the public schools. Last of all of our Protestant churches working coop- year 8,758 pupils were taught in 32 different eratively. But by concerted and determined and schools of the city. Their report states that "many divinely guided action on the part of all Christian children have been won to Christ and church memforces it is possible to bring about a radical bership through the Bible classes in the public change in this situation during the next few years. schools. Hundreds of children from homes that Can we not so lay this burden of responsibility are not Christian first learn of Christ in these upon all churches that they shall actually make Christian instruction of youth as general as secu- classes and are led into the Sunday schools." "The lar education? There are thirty-four million chil- children in their Love Offering conducted by the dren of school age (6 to 18) in the United States. Parent-Teachers Association gave $1,243.39 to Only one-half of them are under Christian instruc- the budget, the largest single gift received from tion by either Protestant or Catholic churches. anyone organization." If this can be done in Chattanooga, why can it not be done in 1,000 other cities and towns of America? Millions of children In the meantime, immorality and crime go on might thus be reached with vital Christian inincreasing. Our Attorney General called a con- struction who wf)uld not be reached without this ference on Crime Prevention to meet in Wash- method being used. Have not the Christian ington on December 10th. He says that crime is chu1'ches and Christian parents surrendered ennow costing one billion dollars every month. What tirely too much in failing to provide for biblical can the Christian forces say that is worth saying, education as an essential part of education? An unless it is that Christ alone can cure sin and effective national agency can lead hundreds of crime and that the churches are determined to cities to adopt this plan.

[ 76]

CRITICISMS OF WORK FOR JEWS

The Catholic and Jewish groups in Chattanooga Some constructive ways to help: have been free to provide their own religious instruction for school children electing it, but they 1. Take this need deeply into your heart to pray have never actually supplied it. and work for till the need is actually met. Pray in groups as well as alone. In addition to the above methods, millions of other youth can be reached only by the small group 2. Let your own church leaders and the Intermethod. The right kind of a leader, organizing a denominational Provisional Committee which is club of boys or girls and cultivating them wisely working at this problem know of your interest. for their own development, including the consid- A thousand persons praying and thinking and eration of the deepest problems of life-this plan working together for this object will become irreis probably the chief practical one in the case of sistible. Why not be one of that group? (Please multitudes of youth not reachable by other meth- send your name to the writer at 432 West 44th ods. Almost no youth are beyond reach by this Street, New York City.) method-if the leader is both competent and consecrated. The enlistment and training of an army 3. The strong national agency needed to get of such leaders is a matter of first importance. such a program into operation and carry it for- It is a bigger and more important job than is now ward will require substantial financing. Pray for being done by any university in existence. Who the funds needed and do whatever else you are will provide an adequate training school for pro- moved by the Spirit of God to do to get this parducing reliable guides of youth? Could anything ticular problem solved. conceivable have a larger place in building the new nation and the new world that must be the 4. Tackle where you are the job of reaching desire of all who have been touched by the Spirit unchurched children. If you can get into contact of the Good Shepherd? with even half a dozen of them, it may mean their transformation, to say nothing of what it may mean to you of added joy in living.

Criticisms of Work for Jews By REV. PAUL I. MORENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary of the Luthera11 Miss.ion to the I ews • CRITICISM, both by Hebrews and Christians In searching the Scriptures, one cannot find a single trace in regard to what is called "proselytizing" of Judaism being reserved, as it were, for the children of among the Jews, is based on erroneous con- Jacob, or anything that could be construed as being adceptions as to what the Gospel is and what con- verse to bringing other nations within its fold…. It is stitutes Christian mission work among Jews. quite natural that the Jews, while their own lives were threatened by persecution, and when the conversion of a Hebrew Critics Gentile might have brought dire punishment on the whole community, should have refrained from carrying on reli- Who are the Hebrews who criticise Christian gious p~opaganda. Not so, however, in olden times, and mission work among the Jews? Are they Ortho- under cIrcumstances favorable to Jewish missionary activdox Jews who sincerely believe in the Old Testa- ity…. We find at the very beginning of our history the ment Scriptures, in the mission of Israel and in promise given to Abraham that "all the nations of the the coming of the Messiah? earth shall be blessed in thee." His descendants were to be means of spreading this divine blessing among all the In my library is a collection of essays under the nations of the world…. The messages sent by the prophtitle: "The Jewish Library," edited by Rabbi Leo ets, were they not apostolic epistles from those who propa- Jung. Among those essays is one on "The Spread gated the Word of God and the fear of Him to the heathen of Judaism Through the Ages," by the Rev. nations and kings? Haham Moses Gaster, Ph.D., London, England, who says: This much from a very prominent representa- tive of orthodox Jewry. Among the many fallacies affecting the Jews and Judaism, there is none which is so generally accepted and so How about Reformed Judaism which rejects the deeply rooted as that which declares Judaism to be a mere coming of a personal Messiah but which speaks tribal religion, and to have neither the wide outlook nor in most emphatic terms of "the mission of Israel" the ideal expectation of becoming a world religion. . . . (whatever they may mean by that)? In my li- brary is another book called "The Unknown Sanc-

tuary," by Aime Palliere, a French Catholic con- the world for Judaism." (From the Chicago Jew- vert to Judaism, who some years ago toured ish Sentinel of January 23, 1931.) America as a guest lecturer invited by the well- Let Us Carry On known Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. A Foreword to this book, written by Edmond Fleg, a prominent How can we carry on mission work among the representative of Liberal Judaism in France, has Jews? I could not tell you if I would and I would this to say: not tell you if I could. Who am I to tell others how they should win a single soul to Christ, to Reversing the route by which Catholicism had developed say nothing of how to win a nation to Christ? No from primitive Christianity, and primitive Christianity method is right that is not in strict accord with from Judaism, he [Aime Palliere] became step by step the the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. Any spiritual contemporary of those great Romans, who, at the method is right that is in strict accord with the time of the coming of Christ, were the proselytes of Israel.

. Almost unconsciously he realized that he had ceased to be spirit of Jesus Christ. My personal method is to a Christian and that he had been conquered by Judaism. seek to educate Jew and Christian. The Christian In this inevitable return journey the new convert seems as must learn what the Jew has and what he does not yet a solitary pilgrim-but this may only seem to be so. have; when we learn that then we must be will- … At last there seems to be a sign that this age-old hope may be realized amid the diverse faiths of the world. ing to give the Jew what he needs – the Gospel, Might not one say that the ancient Messianism of Israel, Jesus himself, and above all, His love. In a counwhich is become the religion of Palliere, is on the way to try like America, where the Gospel has free becoming the religion of humanity? course and where Jews and Christians are in con- Christian Critics stant touch with each other, the Christian should Who are the Christians who criticise mission not leave the work of spreading the Gospel among the Jews to a few converted Jews or professional work among the Jews? Do they accept the Bible, mISSIOnaries. Every church should be a store- Old and New Testament, as the inspired Word of house of Christian knowledge and life for all peo- God? Do they accept Jesus as the Messiah, prom- ple, Jews and Gentiles. Every Christian pastor, ised to Israel and through Israel to the world? indeed every sincere Christian, should be a mis- Do they accept Christianity as a universal reli- sionary to the Jews-not a "proselyter" for his gion that preaches a universal salvation and that particular church or denomination, but a witness answers a universal need? This is the sole basis for Jesus Christ. The Jew must learn that the of mission work among Jews. If the Jew who be- Christian has no other interest except to bring lieves in the Old Testament sees in it a universal Christ to him. Noone wants to force a Jew or mission, is a Christian to see less in his Bible anyone else to be a Christian. No one wants any which has, in addition to Moses and the Prophets, one to give up his race or nationality. No one the New Testament, Jesus and the Apostles? Is wants the Jew to give up anything that is essenthere a single passage in the New Testament that tial to Biblical or national Judaism. All a Chris~ would encourage one to think that the universal tian wants is to enrich the Jew and his religion claim of Christianity excludes the Jew? I heartily by the teachings and life of Jesus Christ, just as recommend to Christians the attitude of men like many thousands of Jews in the past and as many John R. Mott, who is quoted as having said at a thousands of Jews at present are enriched by the meeting of the International Missionary Council: Gospel. When both Jews and Christians learn "Missionary work among the Jews is a duty in that there is no ulterior and unworthy motive spite of all protests." It was refreshing to see back of mission work, that all can only benefit by that when Dr. Mott's remark was termed "ill coming together and contributing to each other, timed" by a Christian (the Rev. Everett R. then criticism will vanish and sincere Jew and Clinchy), a Jewish Rabbi from Chicago, (G. Christian will both be enriched by the Gospel of George Fox), came to Dr. Mott's defense by say- Jesus Christ. ing: "Dr. Mott is simply a good orthodox Chris- tian, who believes with all his might in the words A Missionary's Equipment of his Gospel. And if you turn to Matthew 28: A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit.

19-20, you will find what in Christian theology is A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs.

called the 'Great Commission' and which reads: A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly 'And Jesus spake: Go ye therefore and teach all place. nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; teaching Tact in dealing with men and adaptability towards c,ir- cumstances.

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

. them to observe whatsoever I have commanded Love for communion with God and for the study of His . you.' . . . I wish we Jews had the faith and the word. loyalty and the zeal of a Dr. Mott. I wish we could muster men who would be willing to conquer Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home. A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

-J. Hudson Taylor.

Ways of

I ! crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================================~I'~ I OUR MISSIONARY EDUCA- local church. The ultimate objects of for "Coaching Days" held in dis- this endeavor is to sow free literature tricts or zones for the benefit of TION KALEIDOSCOPE throughout the churches, swing the prospective teachers in local mis- congregations into line with mission- sion study groups. "Suzuki As your Department Editor ary education plans, promote reading Looks at Japan" is recommended shifts her interdenominational and mission study classes or circles, this year for all adult groups. kaleidoscope, the brightest mis- cooperate with the pastor in his missionary feature in the home sionary plans, use the church calendar The United Brethren are pubchurch is the annual increase in or bulletin, posters, etc., as means to lishing through their Foreign the number of readers and stu- the main end, hold an annual tea in Mission Society a forty-page dents of home and foreign mis- early autumn to present the new books pamphlet entitled "Our Father's sion literature and the variety and outline plans, make use of insti- Family" in which are thirty-five of devices for making this at- tutes and other interdenominational daily readings for devotional tractive. She has an embarass- study groups and to keep before the periods inclusive of family worment of voluminous contribu- members the special privilege of fur- ship, to familiarize the people tions at hand upon the subject nishing funds for the translation of with affairs in the younger and can give only a few bits literature into other languages. The churches on the overseas fields. from here and there. If your mission study department is furnish- A Scripture reading, a prayer plans for Schools of World ing- the money this year for transla- and a three-quarter page of bio- Friendship are already under- tions into Japanese. "Since every ef- graphical mat t e r concerning way, save these suggestions for fort is worth while, discouragement some missionary character is the the next time. But many of shall not lodge with me," concludes the daily assignment. them are timeless and may be Synodical Secretary of Mission Study. used by program builders as well The American Friends Board as study leaders. A Variety of Plans of Missions holds one-day mis- sionary institutes at which the A leaflet of the Women's Mis- Coaching Conferences are be- morning session is devoted to an sionary Society of the United ing used· by Southe~n' Presby- exhibit of map s, pictures, Lutheran Church says: terian churches to aid mission graphs, data, etc., with speakers study leaders to present their furnishing the interpretations. An imperative obligation to make textbooks in the best possible In the afternoon missionary edudisciples of all men rests upon the way. These gatherings are held cation methods, field problems Church. This obligation cannot be "early enough for the teacher to and "ways and means" discusdischarged without widespread and in- make plans for the class but not sions fill the time. Stereopticon telligent sympathy throughout the too early for her to 'cool off' and pictures are shown in the eve- Church. I believe this can be brought lose enthusiasm." The groups ning. about by systematic missionary edu- are so arranged as to minimize cation. The advantages of a small traveling expenses, delegates be- The Reformed Church in the study class are: (1) Its small size ing further instructed, in some United States majors on miswhich permits expression from each cases, to bring their own lunch- sionary ins t r u c t ion in the member. (2) Its series of meetings eons with the hostfi!sS providing Church School. They don't do in close succession, thus securing the only a hot drink. Some synodi- things by halves. One church cumulative effect of impressions. (3) cals, however, allow a fund in writes that every class in its Its demand for serious study. (4) their budgets to cover confer- school took six weeks of study Its atmosphere of discussion which ence costs. Leaders of vision in the fall and six more in the gives life to the class. The gaining and enthusiasm are chosen. spring, alternating bet wee n of information in a class is not an end in itself but should result in inspira- "Leadership of Mission Study home and foreign missions. Ortion which leads to action. The aim Groups" is the name of a course dinarily straight mission study is: To realize the slogan, "One or used by the Methodist Episcopal takes the place of the regular more mission study classes and read- Church, South, pastors and Sunday School lessons for those ing circles in every missionary society other leaders being familiarized periods. Miss Ruth Heinmiller in the United Lutheran Church." with the current study books and writes in Bulletin No. One of the also the principles and methods The system advocated is that of for teaching them, with a view having a synodical mission study sec- to becoming, in turn, instructors retary working through the conferences and on down through confer- [79 ] ence and congregational secretaries to' similar promotional agencies in the

International Council of Reli- flags and decorations matching loved on both sides of the line, gious Education: the countries. With each ex- writes: hibit was a map showing the The men were reluctant at first location of the stations, and from We set up an exhibit on Friday, about taking it, but after they got this were strung ribbons bear- preferably in a gymnasium or some into the study they didn't want to stop. ing the names of the mission- room with high walls. We decorate They have been writing in asking for aries and dates of their terms of the walls with tapestries, maps, picmore information and especially about service. This material was in- tures, etc. We place on long tables our denominational work. The y tensively used in nine successive all the way around a large, square frankly confessed that they did not services inclusive of Sundays room . . . curios representing the know our denomination was carrying and Wednesdays, with a stereop- home life, agriculture, industries, on so much work. A striking result ticon lecture at each meeting. trade, health conditions, religions, etc., of this study is the fact that this China, Ceylon, India, America, of our different mission fields. We church paid the highest amount of its the Near East, Africa, Japan. have one or two missionaries at each denominational apportionment of any and the Philippines were succes- of the tables representing Korea, church in the Classis for the year. sively featured, plays, pageants, And for the third quarter of this year impersonations and an "around- China, India, Africa, Trinidad and (1933-34) they have paid 100 per the-world sup per," cafeteria Home Missions. They explain the cent! style, adding to the lure of the curios and are ready to answer ques- lectures. Churches within a The Protestant E pis cop a l radius of fifty miles were invited tions. Church has set up series of to these excellent meetings. We invite all the public and high reading courses through its Projects helped to make the plan Woman's Auxiliary, following permanent and practical. A school scholars to visit this exhibit the general plan of the Amer- number of the contributing mis- from two to four, the younger chilican Library Association in its sionaries had mentioned articles dren coming from two to three and "Reading with a Purpose." The they needed for their work. In the high school students and adults chief aim is to develop the mis- response, the Women's Associa- from three to four. Then we close sionary reading habit among tion, the Young People's Socie- the exhibit and bring all those old those not attending study classes. ties and three departments of enough into an auditorium to hear an A line of brief booklets called the Sunday school joined forces address on what missions means and "The Today Series" has been to collect materials and funds to what moves us to carryon the work. brought out, for ins tan c e, meet the needs. Surely the per- Then we divide the audience into "Japan Today." It is amazing manent effect of such an effort groups to go with the missionaries how much interesting informa- justified the great amount of tion can be packed into so small energy expended upon it. into class rooms for conversation and a space. The Lenten season is study. We put a small library on the especial mission study pe- In an isolated mountain region riod of the Episcopalians, its six of North Carolina, a woman liv- each field into the corresponding class weeks being intensively used, ing part way up a mountain did rooms so that the missionary is able even to the taking of Lenten and her bit in starting a missionary to tell the people what is available for Birthday Thank-offerings for loan library, as many as twenty- them to read and study. We put a spreading Christ's Kingdom. five books being called for and very large exhibit into the center of the recipients traveling many the big gymnasium which is sur- The Congregational-Christian miles to get the reading matter! Denomination is very zealous in rounded by tables of curios. A group of rural and village After these discussion groups we missionary education. 0 n e churches in New Jersey united church in Emmetsburg, Iowa, their resources for m iss ion usually have a supper to which leadconsented to be one of twelve study over a period of six weeks, ing workers are invited. Sometimes churches in the state to hold ex- with the result that the partici- we have one supper for young peoperimental "World – Friendship pants were very enthusiastic, ple to which everybody is invited. Institutes" which would bring saying they 'had never had a Sometimes over 200 sit down. The the world to the home church. more enjoyable or profitable time general public likes to come in about Letters telling of the proposed than that spent in this coopera- seven o'clock to see the exhibit. Misinstitute were sent to thirty-nine tive endeavor. sionaries are all in charge and the missionaries widely scattered public is always welcome. Then there over the map, asking for letters, And Away Up in Canada is a big mass meeting beginning at maps, pictures and explanations of their work, the local churches In the International Council eight o'clock. We put ads into the meeting the transportation ex- of Religious Education Bulletin paper and secure extra sp.ace for inpense up to a given limit. The previously mentioned an ac- terviews with missionaries and anresponse from some of those ad- count is given of the marked suc- nouncements of Sunday preaching. dressed was a flood of excellent cess attained in Canada by On Sunday, missionaries and secrematerial, even to a choice collec- "World Missionary Conferences taries preach in all the churches in tion of shells. The material was and Missionary Exhibits." Dr. the city and surrounding country. assembled in a series of booths F. C. Stephenson, a man much representative of the various Then on Sunday afternoon there is an fields, the home material in one International Missionary Rally – a room and the foreign in another, wonderful m e e tin g – with short speeches. On Sunday night, there are speakers in city pulpits. In some churches after-meetings are held, but enough missionaries are free to con- duct the exhibit for an hour after church.

On Monday morning we have a meeting with the ministers. . . . We let them tell us all their troubles and try to help them . . . Also on Mon- day morning our missionaries go to the high school and technical schools, giving short addresses and inviting the young people to come to our ex- hibit, so Monday afternoon is usually a very strenuous one. Usually we have a pageant or play put on by the N"oung people Monday night, preceded by a big supper. By Tuesday the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and ministers are thoroughly 8. Pantomimes during reading of maintains attendance and interaroused. The day is spent in close-up "East Wind, West Wind." est, Rev. William E. Harmon dework with ministers, official board cided that this was not so much members, Sunday school and young 9. Debate on Unemployment Insur- due to irreligion, irreverance or people's leaders, closing with a big ance (following study of "Christ and the death of spiritual impulses supper at night which is well at- the Modern World"). as to the need for giving "old, tended. Then of course we must fol- eternal truths new habiliments low up with correspondence. We have 10. Address by Negro woman on -a refurbishing and sometimes never put on anything else which is "Changing Racial Attitudes." entirely new clothing." On this quite as satisfactory. thesis he established The Reli- 11. By means of posters, charts and gious Motion Picture Founda- One Plan in Detail scrapbooks, class members presented tion, 140 Nassau St., New York a graphic demonstration of the appli- City, whose very comprehensive The following detailed study cation of Christian principles to some catalog may be obtained free. of one School of WorId Friend- phases of the world's life. War and The expense is very slight and ship is timeless in its principles peace were emphasized the most. precludes any profit for the and its pattern may be used with (Given by guild girls.) Foundation save that of spiritany combination of themes or ual dividends. For communities study books. This schedule was 12. Interracial frieRdship program, without facilities, the Foundavaried from year to year but in by junior and primary children, re- tion offers projectors, screens general remained basic: flecting their class study and using and even the service of an oper- Mexican children, with other partici- ator upon application at the 6: 15, an inexpensive supper. pants costumed to represent children nearest distribution bureau, as 6: 45 to 7: 15, song and devotional of other nationalities. follows: period-a study of great hymns for one topic. 13. From the covers of a book large Beacon Films, Inc., 25 West 45th 7: 15 to 8: 10, study classes, lecture enough to conceal them stepped class St., New York City. method used with adults, in the main. members impersonating doctors and 8: 10 to 8: 45, feature period. nurses whose lives of service were re- Holbrook-Smith Production, 33 West A hymn-sing was used last year to corded in one of the study books. Ex- 60th St., New York City. make profitable the pre-supper period hibit of hospital supplies made by while the people were gathering. class, to be sent away through the Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon St., Bos- White Cross for mission use. ton, Mass. For the regular suppers, the juniors sometimes prepared at- The closing session of the series one Division of Visual Aids, Presbytractive table favors. Leaflets year featured a Friendship Supper. terian Board of Christian Education, furnished by the national board From large upright hearts in the Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, of the denomination were also center of each table extended red Pa. placed at each plate at table; and cords to flags of different nations set in accordance with the slogan, at the four corners of the table, to Presbyterian Book Store, 234 Mc- "Read! Share!" the literature express the keynote of the function. Allister St., San Francisco, Calif. was supposed to be read between Beautiful booklets indicating the evesessions and passed on to others ning's theme had been made by the Y. M. C. A. Motion Picture Bureau, who had not been present. juniors and were used as place favors. 347 Madison Ave., New York City, or Girls doing Christian Americaniza- Room 1019 South La Salle St., Chi- The feature periods, following tion work and others having foreign cago, Ill. the class sessions, were of spe- friends brought these as guests of cial interest. .Here are a few il- honor, introducing them to the entire The Japanese Tourist Bureau, lustrations: company, the foreigners giving sen- 551 Fifth Ave., New York City, tences of greeting in their own lan- also furnishes for the cost of 1. Five-minute map drill of Baptist guages, translated into English by carriage only a number of reels stations, using electrified maps of the their friend-hostesses. Appropriate of Japanese pictures of general home and foreign countries studied- music of the nationalities was inter- import and good as background three on each-all given by the same spersed. An original pageant on one material. person to ensure unity and compre- of the study books (Torch-Bearers) hensiveness. furnished the climax of the evening. Pass on the Torch 2. For "atmosphere," an exhibit of Expressional Projects furnish one Pass on the torch, pass on the flame, Indian and Chinese art, pictures, items of the most valuable features of each of home settings, etc., arranged by a School of Missions in this church. Remember whence the glory came; guild girl who gives the explanations. Hospital supplies, showers for mission stations under the direction of a And eyes are on you as you run, 3. Responsive readings on "Along "Shower Lady," presentation of gifts the Indian Trail" and "Lanterns in suitable for use among Indians and Beyond the shining of the sun. Their Hands," given by different in- collected in an Indian drum accorddividuals to present a wealth of facts ing to lists of needs previously ascer- Lord Christ, we take the torch from about the two fields being studied. tained from various stations, offering of money gifts for Chinese missions Thee, 4. "Missions Speaks"-a playlet by (dropping this into a Chinese languild girls advertising denominational tern), and such like outlets for inter- We must be true, we must be free, missionary publications. est and emotion aroused by the studies are always arranged. Can you And clean of heart and strong of soul, 5. Talk by college professor on the imagine children trained thus in sucdevelopment of the Middle West along cessive sessions ever saying, "We To bear the glory to its goal. the line of Indian trails. don't believe in missions?" o Lord of life, to Thee we kneel; 6. "Indian Night"-Indian museum The foregoing excerpts were examined under guidance of "atmos- Maker of men, our purpose seal! phere" chairman. taken from contributions sent to this Department from the First We will, for honor of Thy name, 7. Play, "Two Thousand Miles for a Book," by dramatics class. Baptist Church of Galesburg, Pass on the torch, pass on the flame.

Illinois. -Allen Eastman Cross, in The Presbyterian Magazine. Visual Aids Noting the increasing diffi- culty with which the Church The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~,===–=====~=I~ indifference t 0 ment" is quite in accord with the others, for the re- general subject of p ray e r, moval of bitter- namely "Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of ness and e viI Christ" (Gal. 6: 2). The service thoughts fro m is prepared in six main divisions of which the third is "Worship our minds. Through Interpreting the Theme for Life Today" : Almighty God, our LEADER: What would it mean to obey heavenly Fat her, Christ's new commandment in our homes? who didst so love the ASSEMBLY: It would mean that gentle- world as to give Thy ness and courtesy, the will to under- stand, patience and good humor Son to be its light would bless the relationships of husband and wife, parent and child, and life, we would brothers and sisters. Each would share the work of the home, and know the mind of each would share his best gifts of mind and heart for the building of .: ',' our Master concen:- happiness in the home. ing this world of .' …. LEADER: What would it mean to obey Thine. For t his Christ's new commandment in our schools? .'.. -,', . cause we pray in . the words of Thy ASSEMBLY: It would mean that each member of the school community '., ," servant, Paul: "Let could be relied on for school spirit, that gentle manners and careful ." . this mind be in us, consideration for the rights of . .' which was also in others would prevail; and that a desire to fit oneself for service Christ Jesus." Help would replace selfish ambition as the dominant motive in education. . . .. .. us to see the world LEADER: What would it mean to obey as He saw it, to hear Christ's new commandment in the world of business? . " its cry as He heard ASSEMBLY: It would mean that em- ., it, to feel its need as ployers would deal with those who work for them as human beings of He felt it. Give U5 dignity and worth. Equally it would mean that all who are em-· His w 0 rId vision, ployed would give full measure of interest and of energy to the day's His world compas- work, regarding the humblest task as a trust to be fulfilled. sion, His world pur- pose and His wor~d LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our yearning. Forgive us community life?

wherein we h a v e ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the resources of the community would tried to keep His be organized for the well-being of all the citizens. Wholesale recrea- world-gospel to our- tion would be provided, temptations to intemperance and vice removed. selves. G ran t us The work of the community would be justly divided, as well as the re- LET TIns' MIND BE IN YOU singleness of pur- sulting gains. It would not be tol- WHICH WAS ALSO IN CHRIST JESUS pose and strength of will to publish the mind of Jesus for our world; and so bless the endeavors The illustration above is given of Thy servants who proclaim His gracious Gospel, that this our world through the courtesy of the may speedily. and surely be His Woman's Missionary Society of world. In His name. Amen. the General Synod, Reformed Church in the United States. ARTHUR V. CASSELMAN.

This society is in process of be- "A New Commandment"

coming the Woman's Missionary The Service of Worship for Society of the Evangelical and Young People to be used on the first Friday in Lent, Mareh 8, Reformed Church, an evidence 1935, the World Day of Prayer that "the mind" of Christ Jesus for Missions, was prepared by Miss Marjorie Trotter of Canfor unity is at work in the hearts ada at the request of the Interand minds of His followers. Board Committee, Woman's Mis- The illustration, symbolizing the sionary Societies of Canada. The theme "A New Commandfamily with the child in the midst, is the cover of a year's calendar of prayers. These prayers ask forgiveness for [ 82]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

erated that a few should amass for- Blackfeet fro m the CONCERNING ORIENTALS tunes while the many suffered want. Winnebagoes. The i r IN AMERICAN LIFE LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment among homes, the i r lan- the nations? guages, their ways of ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the nations would gladly create inter- living, are not the national forces to regulate the world's trade for the benefit of the same." peoples of the world. It would mean that instead of throwing their 2. "I like to be strength into the race in armaments nations would throw their strength known as an Indian on into the World Court and League of Nations, that these might become the reservation," said effective instruments of world peace. It would mean trying to understand a Chippewa girl in St. the differences between races and peoples and giving each a chance to Paul, "but not in the make its distinctive contribution to- ward the enriching of the common city. If I told my em- life. ployer I was one, he LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our would think that I was personal lives? not capable and I ASSEMBLY: It would mean refusing to cherish resentment or bear a should lose my posi- grudge; it would mean looking for the best in other people; it would tion." mean studying and supporting the movements looking toward peace 3. Edward S w i c k and a new society; it would mean asking for God's help from day to (Wintermoon), in re- day in order to show forth the spirit of love in every situation. porting to Indian stu- Price, 2 cents; $1.50 per hundred. Order dents his participation from your denominational headquarters, or 105 East 22d Street, New York City. in the recent Meth- NEWS FLASH FROM odist Episcopal "cov- WALES ered wagon" journey Rev. Watcyn M. Price, of from Boston to Salem, Wrexham, Wales, wrote to the editor expressing his apprecia- Oregon, told of mistion of this Bulletin and reported that "The Presbyterian Church understandings of the of Wales will join with yourselves in the observance of the American I n d ian. World Day of Prayer (March 8)" and that in previous years Sometimes hew a s "wonderful prayer meetings up and down the land have been named "alien"; many held." were surprised that he INDIAN AMERICAN YOUTH spoke English; a boy "TRANSPLANTED" TODAY in New York City re- Haruko and Sabura-from "Rainbow Bridge" What Indian American young fused to shake hands (For junior children's reading, by Florence Crannell Means) people recognize as their own problems: with him "for he be- 1. Haskell student: "We In- lieved me not to be an Indian, DEAR READER: Haruko and dians are not all alike, any more than you white people are. The for he thought all Indians used Saburo are Americans. They Dutch are different from the paint and feathers." Winter- ask, Now that you have prob- Swedes, the Russians from the moon said, "It is the duty of the French. In the same way, the Indian to relate the analysis of ably studied about them in the Dakota Indians are different the characteristics of the Indian books on Japan and about Orienfrom the Chippewas, the Nava- tals in American Life, recently jos from the Cherokees, and the to the so-called Americans so published by the Missionary that they may readily under- Education Movement, what have stand us, that they may heed to you yourself done about it? our call, to our needs in this What has your missionary so- complicated world."

4. Ataloa of Bacone College, ciety done? Are they now for- Muskogee, Oklahoma, in ad- gotten? Or have you as fellow dressing Indian youth, said, citizens written to the President "We need religious leadership, of the U. S. A. expressing your motivated by the teachings of conviction as to the urgent need Christ, that will prove a new to secure new legislation and im- migration quota for Orientals, faith can minister to every comparable to that granted to phase of Indian experience and other new Americans? If you relationship with the same vi- tality as the old religions. . . . But without spiritual guidance, have not done it, please take the training, and unselfish devotion. lead in having your society think, Indian youth will fail in meet- pray, act now "for their sakes"

ing the challenge." and also as an immediate way "Trained leadership is the to do your part to maintain only answer to these problems. This means education where one world peace in the Pacific Area. may learn to 'share a life as well Sincerely yours, as make a living.' " THE EDITOR.

Europe where the lamp of truth once government. Later editions

the lurid tale were published to Principles that Unite Nations burned brightly. It is possible for help the Russian secret police fo- ment anti-Semitic agitation. The Universal Christian Coun- America to cease to be a Christian cil for Life and Work is looked country. . Bernstein's statement was upon by some as a world federa- confirmed by the lawyers for the tion of churches in the making. It is high time for us to awake to Berne plaintiffs who declared The younger churches in the Ori- that "The Protocols" were origent have been represented in our opportunities and responsibilities. inally based on an essay written meetings of the Council, and are in 1864 by Maurice J oly, a expected to form a fifth section We cannot play fast and loose with French author, called "A Diaof the world organization which logue in Hades Between Machinow has four active sections our obligations,and expect to trans- avellie and Montesquieu." made up of Eastern Orthodox, British, Continental and Ameri- mit to the coming generation a virile, -The Litery Digest. can. The Oriental Protestant churches are closely related redemptive Gospel. Every Christian World Wide D. V. B. S, through the International Missionary Council, which has as should pause and ask, What is Amer- Rev. Robert G. Boville, foundconstituent bodies the various er of the Daily Vacation Bible National Christian Councils. ica's testimony to the Christian faith? Schools, reports that during the The fundamental idea of the past year there had been held Universal Christian Council is What is the testimony of the Govern- 3,307 vacation Bible schools in that common service and con- the different countries of the paduct based on Christian prin- ment? of the college? of the church? gan world, having 13,911 teachciples, will draw together even ers, and 173,421 pupils. In the such bodies as theologically dif- of myself? What sacrifices are you United States in 1933 there were fer in some points. The Council 14,829 schools, with a total enhas its head office in Geneva. making for the fulfilment of Christ's rolment of 1,290,460. It was un- der the administration of Mr. Re-thinking Loyalty promise that the time will come when Boville that this movement was started by the New York City The Presbytery of Pittsburgh throughout the whole world "every Mission Society and it has grown has sent out a call "to the task to world-wide proportions. of re-thinking loyalty to Christ knee should bow and every tongue and His Church." Some of its -Watchman-Examiner. pargraphs are the following: should confess that Jesus Christ is NORTH AMERICA It is impossible to escape the im- Lord, to the glory of God the Father. plication that if we are disciples of "Everyman's Offering" Christ we must follow where He leads. "Protocols of Zion" a Fake He goes before us and it is ours to U n de r the leadership of follow. It is not a debatable question The "Protocols of the Elders Charles P. Taft II of Cincinnati whether we shall go where He leads. of Zion," an anti-Semitic book an emergency gift was gathered published in Russia in 1905, by by a committee of Episcopal lay- In recent times the followers of Sergei Nilus, is a fantastic story men, and called "Everyman's Christ seem to have lost the sense of of an alleged Jewish conspiracy Offering." The object was to direction. The chill of the outside to overthrow Christianity and to avert the threatened heavy cut world has come into the church and dominatEY the world. These docu- in missionary appropriations of we have passed the torch of mission- ments have been declared forg- the Protestant E pis c o· p a I ary enthusiasm to other hands. Chris- eries, copied from an old book, Church. Making its appeal to tians confess to the lack of the driving and the Union of Jewish Com- the men of the Church, in eight power of a great passion for the cause munities in Switzerland have months this offering amounted of the Christian faith which alone can brought suit for libel to end for- to $251,000. More than 1,200,- redeem and save our people. The ever the gruesome tale which 000 pieces of literature were lives of Christians are the real ob- has plagued Jews for sixty sent out and thousands of indistacle to the progress of the Gospel in years. viduals were personally solicited. our generation. The "Protocols" were re-pub- Christianity was driven from North lished in London in 1920 under Africa and from parts of Asia and the title "A Jewish Peril" and were discredited in 1921 by Her- man Bernstein. In a booklet called "the History of a Lie," he traces the documents to a novel published in Germany by Her- man Goedische, writing under the pen-name of Sir John Ret- cliffe. An excerpt from this book was published in 1872 un- der the title, "The Jewish C-eme- tery in Prague and the Council of the Representatives of the Twelve Tribes of Israel," which recited the story of bearded J ew- ish elders conspiring, in a ceme- tery, to overthrow Christendom and to set up a Jewish universal [84 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Among the startling f act s only institution of its kind in the LATIN AMERICA brought up by this dragnet was northeastern section of the Unitthat three-fourths of the church ed States. The ex-slave is Dr. Reactions in Mexico membership were making no Walter H. Brooks, pastor of the regular contribution to missions. Nineteenth S t r e e t Baptist Rev. Clarence Neff, of Guad- Church of Washington, D. C. alajara, Mexico, declares that Some observers believe that He entered Lincoln University only a movie camera can portray this movement may take perma- in 1866 when only a few years conditions in that country, so nent form in organized local out of bondage. He is now 83 rap i d I y does the situation groups of mission-minded men. years old, and has been a pastor change. "Far from being a time in Washington for over 50 years. to give up and retire from the -The Christian Advocate. field," says Mr. Neff, "this would A letter from Dr. Brooks to seem to be one of those crises Churches Sold for Debt the president offhe University which challenge the reality and recalled a gift of $500 he had resources of our Christian reli- Dr. F. W. Mueller, superin- received from the Presbyterian gion." tendent of church extension for Board of Education in Pittsthe Methodist Board, reported burgh when he was a student. The Congregational Church at at the annual meeting, Novem- Dr. Brooks wrote further: Hermosillo was taken over by ber 20, that thirty Methodist the Government as a social cenchurches had been sold by the I can never return the favor in ter. Instead of crushing their sheriff during the depression, mere dollars and cents. But today, spirit this seems to spur the and that about 400 others were for the first time in my life, I am able workers on to new endeavor. At in a critical condition. About to draw a check for $1,000 and have Matzatlan, where the clergy are 5,000 of the 20,000 churches of a hundred or two left to my account, put on a quota, a progressive the denomination had debt prob- only a hundred or two, however. program of social action serving lems, he said, and the interest on the community has been pushed. church property debts "exceeds "Peyote Christians" For services the churches join the amount given by the entire together with the Baptists whose church for world service." In Rev. F. C. Patterson, writing pastor has a permit to officiate. each case, Dr. Mueller said, a in the Woman's Missionary Mag- The English Forum and the Inmodest loan would save the day. azine of the deep spiritual need ternational Club are growing of our American Indians, tells concerns. Professional and busi- Anti-Alcohol Education why it is difficult to win "Peyote ness men, both Catholic and Christians." Most of this group Protestant, discuss questions of The 60th anniversary conven- were nominal Christians before general interest in a new Spantion of the W. C. T. U. held in joining the cult; in fact, they ish-speaking group. Cleveland, Ohio, November 10- claim it is a Christi,an church, 15, climaxed in the launching of organized in Oklahoma as "Na- Instituto Colon, a Congregaa five-point, five-year, $500,000 tive American Church." Their tional school, has been unable to program, to culminate in 1939, distinctive characteristic is the meet expenses and has closed the centenary of the birth of use of the narcotic-drug, "pey- but the Colegio Internacional is Frances Willard, and at once to ote" as the Bread in the Holy still functioning. embrace a nation-wide plan of Communion. They hold their education for youth and adults, meetings only when they have a -American Board News. along with unwavering cham- supply of this drug. It keeps pionship of legislation looking them awake for 24 hours, so they Work with Mexican Troops toward the goal of national ab- usually start their meetings on olition of the liquor traffic. Saturday evening and the effect N. W. Taylor is evangelizing of the drug continues through Mexican soldiers who occupy Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith was the Sabbath. This drug enlarges roadside camps; and has met a reelected national president. the retina of the eye and causes cordial response. Week after The next world's convention will them to see wonde.rful color ef- week this work has gone on. be held in the United States, fects. They think of these color Four regiments have been visprobably in 1937. effects as visions of Christ and ited in their barracks and two claim the drug is the Holy Spirit hundred and seventy-five New Ex-Slave Gives $1,000 revealing the truth to them di- Testaments and 150 Bibles have rectly so that they do not need been sold to soldiers. Many of- With an initial gift of $1,000 to read the Bible. ficers, and between eight and from a former Negro slave, a nine hundred soldiers have taknation-wide movement has been The thing was started by a en a stand for Christ before launched to raise $400,000 for government agent in order to their comrades. the expansion and improvement profit from the sale of the drug. of Lincoln University near Ox- The government is now handi- In one meeting a major gathford, Pa. This is a pioneer liber- capped in legislating against it ered 45 soldiers, their wives and al arts college and theological because the Indians cry "reli- children who drank in every seminary for Negro young men, gious persecution," and all argu- word, and showed much interest founded 80 years ago, and the ment is useless. in the chart explanation of the Gospel. The major, looking up

the references, would occasional- cate Rev. Irven Paul of Chile to London October 2, Prof. Duncan ly say to the company with a such a continent-wide service W. Blair declared that there is nod, "Yes, here it is, just as he u n d e r the auspices of the no more strategic field of evansays." When the invitation was World's Sunday School Associa- gelistic effort than the universigiven one of the first to raise his tion, and it is confidently ex- ties of the world, because stuhand was this major. pected that the way will be clear dents are required to assimilate for the inauguration of this new a constantly growing mass of in'- At Managua, Nicaragua service early this year. formation. Representatives from several universities reported up- In twelve years the Baptist The first national Sunday on the witness borne by the Church at Managua, has in- School Convention ever held in Christian Unions in the univercreased from less than 100 to Colombia is reported a pro- sities. 500, and the Sunday school from nounced succeSf!. It was held in an average attendance of 75 to Bogata and the' attendance was One speaker told of a tour in more than 400. The church has representative. This new I y Hungary, in which he met an igtwo branch Sunday schools. Al- formed organization desires to norance of the Word of God though the members are all very b e com e affiliated with the which is almost incredible, and poor, $12,000 has been contrib- World's Sunday School Associa- of hunger for the Word. He inuted to the work. The church tion. stanced cases of students standis planning to enlarge the chapel ing firmly for Christ, although and has a fund of more than To Evangelize Argentine Jews lonely and suffering dire pover- $5,000 toward a church building. ty. The Hebrew Christian Alli- Miss Mary Mills, Baptist mis- ance of America plans to send The President of the Fellowsionary, writes that 533 boys Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Glass to ship, Dr. T. W. Gilbert, said that and girls are receiving a Chris- inaugurate work among the the movement is the most steadytian education. We have in our 150,000 Jews of Argentina if the ing influence he has known, and employ at Managua eighteen necessary funds are obtained. that its members are character- Nicaraguan teachers of whom There is a great field in Buenos ized by a devotion to the Lord, eight are Christian and four oth- Aires alone, a city of over 2,000,- and strong conservative views, ers are very sympathetic toward 000 people with 90,000 Jews for which result in clear testimony the Gospel. Last spring Don Is- whom little Christian work has and simple faith. Some of the mael Garcia, pastor at Santa ever been, done. ablest men of the day were Ana, who is counted one of the among their ranks. best evangelists in Latin Ameri- -Christian Approach to Jews. ca, conducted services in our -The Christian. church. Nearly every night the Baptistqrowth in Brazil building was crowded, and Fifteen Years in Belgium eighty-five accepted Christ. They Dr. arid Mrs. W. Bagby, are now in the candidates class. Southern Baptist missionaries A review of the work of the A Mr. Hamilton, Moravian mis- in Brazil, have seen the Baptist Belgian Gospel Mission has an sionary, is pastor of a church on Church in that country grow especial interest since the Homethe east coast of Nicaragua from 2 to 50,000 in fifty years. going of its founder, Ralph C. which has a membership of more There are Baptist churches in Norton. Mr. Vansteenberghe, than 800. every state of Brazil; in all, 490 who has been with the mission churches, 1,214 pre a chi n g since its beginning, surveys this -Watchman-Examiner. points, 42,000 members, 718 work for the Sunday School Sunday schools, 226 young peo- Times. Sunday Schools in South ple's unions, 400 women's soci- America eties, two seminaries, two train- In fifteen years the Belgian Gospel ing schools, two colleges, four Mission has grown into a work whose Since the World's Sunday academies, forty-eight primary branches reach from frontier to fron- School Convention in Rio de J a- schools, a publishing house, a tier. 'Through the tents or other neiro, much thought has been home mission boa:r:d with work means the battle line against the force given to the need for a general among the emigrants, Indians, of the enemy has been stretched out worker for religious education and in the far interior, a For- until today we have posts north, south, in the Spanish-speaking coun- eign Mission Board with work in east and west in this land. In all tries of South America. Brazil, Portugal. these places the Gospel is preached which speaks Portuguese, is well regularly, and all exercise their incared for under the leadership – Watchman-Examiner. fluence in a certain radius. Homes of Rodolfo Anders, Secretary of where meetings are now being held the Brazil Council of Religious EUROPE may become in the near future centers Education. Recently the Board of established work; in all, there are of Foreign Missions of the Pres- Inter-Varsity Fellowship 60 points where regular services, are byterian Church, U. S. A., an- on the way. nounced its willingness to allo- At the fourth annual meeting of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship The Mission did not escape the de- of Evangelical Unions, held in pression unscathed. At the beginning of summer no money was available for tent work, but the Lord made pro- vision, and since July 1 both tents have been out, and now at the end of July the French tent is at the end of its second series of meetings, while

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Flemish tent is in the middle of thirty-one me m be r s and a reading it, but he continued to its third campaign. We have been do so, in company with some of church membership of 3,000. his friends; the more they read, working in new territory as far as , At the 116th annual meeting the tents are concerned. of the Methodist Board of For- the more they were dissatisfied eign Missions, held at 150 Fifth The 'original church in Brus- with the Church as they found sels decided last year that it Avenue, New York City, Novem- it. Kwasniuk and his friends could be self-supporting, which ber 21,23 attended by nearly a sought out the American preach- hundred per cent of the 115 min- ers in Kolomea, and as a result means voluntary gifts amount- congregations came into being ing to at least $3,300 annually. isterial and lay managers, it was Church Life in Germany voted to unite with the Synod of in both villages. The movement the Methodist Church in Italy, spread with great rapidity, and From the International Chris- which is under the jurisdiction is still spreading. Groups of tian Press, Geneva, we find evi- of the British Methodist Church. evangelical Christians sprang up This merger, when consum- in village after village. In the dence that in Germany the mated, will give Italy a stronger beginnings of a new church life Methodism and strengthen the neighboring town of Stanislau the movement was organized on are to be perceived. The number evangelical forces. of people who have come back -The Christian Advocate. Lutheran lines; in the neighbor- hood of Kolomea it retained a to the Evangelical Church indi- strong Reformed character. One cates that the movement towards Czechoslovakia Church or two Greek Catholic priests the Church has by no means Independent and a number of theological stureached its limit. In Berlin dents identified themselves with alone, in 1933, some 63,815 I?eo- Czechoslovakia c h u r c h e s the movement. Lutheran and pIe j 0 i ned the EvangelIcal ceased last year to receive any Church as compared with 4,272 Reformed branches' have allotted in the preceding year. Similarly, financial aid from the American to each other specific spheres of Board, and thus a connection of labor, to prevent all clashing and the number of communicants sixty-two years was finally sev- competition; their relations are amounted to 259,737, out of a ered. Dr. James L. Barton most cordial. total of 301,975. That wide cir- writes that it was his privilege In Poland the law requires cles of people are ready to take to visit a large number of the that a change of religion can part in parish life is proved by churches in Austria in 1909 in only be made after certain legal a number of facts, among them, company with Dr. John Porter, preliminaries, w h i c h require the deliberate renunciation of whose cordial and sympathetic three months for their accomhome baptism in favor of con- relations with pastors and lead- plishment. The cost including gregational baptism w h i c h that of securing from the priest ers was evident everywhere. He seems to be taking place to an was manifestly honored and a birth-certificate, amounts to increasing extent. Another cus- loved by all who knew him; he tom which had largely gone out had the happy faculty of giving about five American dollars, about one month's wages for a of use, according to which a be- able and constructive assistance peasant. Children between the to the evangelical movement trothed couple is present at the without seeming to dominate. ages of six and fourteen may not service at which their banns are change their faith, even though published, is be i n g resumed Dr. Porter celebrated his sev- their parents do so, but must entieth birthday last May. Leadmore and more. With the pres- continue to receive in the schools ers throughout the entire field religious education from the ence of the betrothed couple in joined in urging him, when his the midst of the interceding con- Church to which they have pregregation, the publication of active service came to an end, to viously belonged. In spite of banns has regained its earlier remain with them as long as he these facts some 4,000 persons lives. -Missionary Herald. have officially made the transfer church significance. In order to bring the pastor into closer con- to the Reformed Church, and about the same number to the tact with his congregation, an Revival in Poland Lutherans. -Rev. W. T. Elmslie, Leeds, order has been enacted in Thiir- Reference has been made to ingen relating to pastoral visits. the revival among Ukrainian Eng. peasants of southern Pol~nd. It has become the duty of the Nine years ago some AmerIcan Soviet Children Ukrainian Protestant preachers pastor to make at least ten house held services in Kolomea. The Differences in the mental outvisits during the week, and to enter them in a special book.

Italian Methodists Reorganize news came to a village some ten look of children in France and miles away where was a peasant, of those reared under a commu- Methodist work in Italy, after Roman Kwasniuk, during the nist regime were shown in the sixty-two years, is to be reor- war a prisoner in Siberia. There answers to questionnaires ad- ganized in view of the cha!l~ed he had learned to read the Bible, dressed to both French and Sovpolitical situation and the rIsmg which he brought back with him iet children from 11 to 15 years tides of Italian nationalism. to his native village. He was of age and from families of Italy Annual Conference has discouraged by the priest from widely varying circumstances.

A question on what was their U n i a t Christians. Between From Spanish Guinea ideal in life brought from Cairo and the Mediterranean, French children such answers among 6,000,000 people, there Rev. Joseph McNeill, an as: "To be rich"; "To have a are only about 2,000 Christians. American Presbyterian missionbicycle"; "To travel"; "to be an Many social and educational readmiral"; "To read books with forms are being promoted in ary, writes from Rio Benito, of happy endings." Soviet young- Egypt, but there are powerful missionary triumphs and dissters gave such answers as: "To elements which view with appre- couragements. During a comoverthrow capitalism and build hension any weakening of the socialism" ; "To be like Voro- traditional Moslem position and munion season he summoned the shiloff [Defense Minister]" ; prestige. -Moslem World. twelve catechists and said: "I "To study to be outstanding in am going to write to friends in sport." Egyptian Women in Public . America who have helped us The question, "What do you Life with gifts. Tell me what was know about God?" brought from French children views ranging Many women of Egypt stepped done with some of them." from pantheism to the opinion from their homes into public life He was a bearded old man who during the first years following One reported: "At Christmas had perhaps died. Soviet chil- the World War, according to dren unfaltering declared that Madame Khayat, of Cairo, who we gave a feast and fed 70 peo- God was an invention of priests. is in touch with many young ple. Some marveled when we women through her program of Both Soviet and French chil- social work in Cairo. She points gave preference to widows and dren exhibited a low opinion of out that with only fifteen years orphans. We told of the wonthe League of Nations, some of emancipation Egyptian wom- French boys considering it a so- en have reached the front ranks derfullove of Christ that softens ciety of old gentlemen trying to of public and professional en- us toward the needy." prevent war, and Soviet lads re- deavor without having the long garding it as a weak organiza- years of work in schools, fac- "And I," said another, "I tion that "merely talks while we tories and business, which wombuild socialism." Asked what en of the western world experi- found a poor, sick woman with they would do if head of the enced before they were able to no one to care for her and gave Soviet State, Russian children's break into higher fields. answers were such as: "Develop her a cloth. She said, '0 my the waste parts of the Soviet -Yo W. C. A. News. friend, that chicken you used to Union and improve living condi- see running around my yard tions"; "Build new houses and Ethiopia's Forward Look finish the subway"; "Destroy died; I have nothing to give you class distinctions." The Psalmist's pro ph e c y, "Ethiopia shall soon stretch out in return for this.' " -New York Times. her hands unto God," now printed on Abyssinia's corona- "There is a poor albino woman AFRICA tion postage stamps, seems in process of fulfilment. Fifteen in my town," said another. "She Egypt's Recent Progress missionaries have been commis- wanted to come to communion sioned by the Bible Churchmen's Egypt is not yet emancipated Missionary Society, some of service and had nothing to wear. religiously, and constant dis- whom have already settled in So I gave the dress to her, and putes arise on the question of Abyssinia. Schools are opening, what do you think? She came, liberty of conscience and teach- printing presses are at work, ing. There are over 400 mis- contact with the outside world is but had no money for the consionaries and nearly 30 societies established, the circulation of tribution, so offered to give the in the country. Forty per cent Scripture in the modern lanof the missionary force is in guage of Ethiopia is going for- dress for the Lord's work. The Cairo, but there are some 300 ward. Ras Kassa, trusted coun- pastor felt she needed that dress centers of work. Much evangel- cilor of the Emperor, has asked and now she is trying to find ism has been carried on among the Society to supply physicians the Copts since 1859, and a very and teachers for a center which something from her garden to large part of the Protestant is being built seventy miles north meet her pledge." Church is built up from among of the capital; and the Governor them~ In 1927 out of the popu- of Chercher has opened the way Mr. McNeill tersely sums up lation of 13,000,000 there were for work among the Islamized the advances of the year: nearly a million Coptic Chris- Abyssinians east of the capital. tians, 66,000 Protestants and A Year Ago Today 117,000 Roman Catholics and -So S. Times. Slow transportation ……. .A Ford truck. No church in the interior •.Mengo Church or· ganized. No trained native workers ..One native pastor, four t r a i ned Catechists. No village schools ……….One station school and twelve vii· lage schools. Lethargy of Beach Churches .Five outposts sup- ported. Okak barriers ………….Fifteen Okak con· verts.

Clouds Still Looming Heavy Catholic opposition ………Greatly increased. Scant white personnel ……Doctor and teacher still lacking.

In Madagascar Members and adherents' of the church founded by the L. M. S. in Madagascar number 250,- 000, the next largest total being that in India where the figure is 188,000. There are 747 Sunday schools on the island, with 38,-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

000 children attending them. The scorpion's nest in Izmir, the the work of the churches has Training in Sunday s c h 001 American college, is closed. The build- been put on the project basis, methods is included in the the- ing in which the priests' black spirit each enterprise being obliged to ological seminary at Tananarive, had permeated is now overcome by the commend itself to the judgment the capital. red color of the Turkish culture. The of a mixed group of appraisers year before last the American college before funds are allocated. In the Betsileo Pro v inc e, at Sivas had been closed. Can a scorwhere there has been a center pion's nest exist in the place where the Kennedy Memorial Hospital of the L. M. S. for over 60 years, Ghazi had opened his congress for the in Tripoli for the first time last there are six central stations, liberation of Turkey? Is it certain year received an income equal to 259 outstations, and about 45,- that during the coming school year expenditures. T his released 000 people ass 0 cia ted with many of the foreign schools in Istan- most of its appropriation for the churches as members or adher- bul and the Tarsus college will be development of pioneer medical ents. Here, also, is a small the- closed? Those parents who send their work in another section. It is ological school. The vernacular children to such schools will suffer for hoped that this condition may press of the island is almost en- their crime. Izmir is silenced. Tarsus continue. tirely Christian. closes its accounts at the new year. In its report sent to America, the col- Another advance is the in- -The Chronicle.· lege states that unless help is sent, it creasing opportunity for young cannot continue for more than four Christians to express their new WESTERN ASIA months. Istanbul colleges do their life in voluntary service to their best in the way of propaganda, to own people. This is furthered Turkey Bans Clerical Garb catch in their net the ignorant, to get by the changed status of women. money. But it is all vain. Sooner or Girls from the Junior College Mustafa Kemal's government later they'll have to lock their doors, have for three successive sumin Turkey has been conducting a and put a signboard on the buildings mers gone into villages where determined campaign to break that they are for rent. . . . the people are living in unbethe power of the Mohammedan lievable ignorance, poverty and priesthood. Its resistance has See how happy the Turkish child is disease; have camped near the led to a series of repressive at Izmir. See! the winds blow over village and entered into its life; measures, one being a decree the place where the school used to be. have gathered the children, forbidding ministers to appear Come, 0 Turkish youth! Make your teaching them cleanliness, hyin public in cleric attire. Civil- vow that all foreign schools in Istan- giene and religion. ian clothes must be worn on all bul shall sell their goods at auction occasians except when actually and all the "doctors," "madams," -Women and Missions. attending religious ceremonies. "messieurs" and the "soeurs" shall The decision applies alike to the take their passports and go to the land Forward Looking Persia Moslem, Orthodox, Armenian, of Hottentots. Catholic, Protestant and Jewish September 25, 1934, the Shah clergy. Church of the Martyrs of Persia issued a decree sup- pressing the wearing of veils by Two Mosques Become Cultural This church in Aleppo cele- Persian women. The action is Centers brated its third anniversary Sep- similar to that taken by Mus- tember 23. It has been self- tapha Kemal in dec r e e in g A decline in Mohammedan supporting from its start. The greater freedom for Turkish worship in Turkey is indicated congregation meets in the outer women. This will mean little to by the transformation of the an- court of a home which contains the young school girls who have cient mosque, Aya Sophia in no room large enough for it. In never worn a veil. One of the Ista~bul, into a museum for summer, it shifts from one side leaders of what might be called Byzantine art. The Sultan Ah- to the other to keep in the shade, the feminist movement in Persia met mosque, situated in the same and in winter lowers a curtain has frequently said : "We are square, will be transformed into to keep out the cold. working for the lifting of the a public library. The first was, veil of ignorance and superstifor more than 900 years, the The church committee is a tion. The removal of the chudgreatest Christian Church on typical group of Armenians who dar is of no great importance." earth, and for 480 years the have made good, though heavily greatest Mohammedan mosque handicapped as strangers in a Other laws have been enacted on earth. The latter mosque was strange land. In the group is a within the past two years giving considered the most beautiful pedlar, a hardware merchant, an women more protection and one in the world. editor, a doctor, a pharmacist greater freedom. The age of and one woman member. marriage has been raised; di- -United Presbyterian. vorce laws now give women -Missionary Herald. equal rights with men; before Turkish Irony marrying an additional wife, the Growth of Syria Missions husband must inform all the The Turkish periodical, Bir- women concerned. Women have lik, thus expresses satisfaction Among significant develop- entered business and governover the closing of an American ments in Syria two stand out; ment positions. In addition the Christian College: one is the accomplishment of self-support on the part of two Presbyterian medical institu- tions, the Hamlin Memorial San- atorium and the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital; and the long stride toward self-support on the part of the Syrian Church. All

"Red Lion and Sun" (Red friends and neighbors waiting heard of occurrence, as caste Cross), there are a number of for his death that they might conversions have been rare inother societies, one for fallen take him to the cemetery. When deed. Short courses of study women; others educational, in- he rallied somewhat, and they have been offered these converts, cluding two schools for adult left, she sent word that as her and their response shows the women and a reading room. friends would not permit a keen interest they have in learn- Christian funeral after his death, ing the real meaning of their de- -Women and Missions. would it not be possible to have cision. the funeral before he died. The Persian Medical Advances request was so earnestly desired Conversion of 8,078 people in that it was impossible to refuse. one week was the result of Evan- Leaders in Persia are "sold" Following the prayer meeting a gelistic Week in May, when on modern therapy, and are group of Christians crowded 2,693 villages were visited by planning many things; among into the little room where he lay Christian evangelists, 3,674 servthem, the construction of many dying and the sentences and ices were held, and 12,000 peonew hospitals. None of these Scripture portions recommended ple took part in witnessing to approaches in magnitude or for use at funerals were read. Christ. magnificence the group of new It was surprising how fitting buildings now completed at and helpful these verses were to Christians in the d i 0 c e s e Meshed. A tho usa n d men the situation, and while the com- raised 12,000 rupees toward seworked daily, rushing this task mitment service was not read, curing an assistant bishop, and to completion in time for dedica- the remainder of it was com- toward a new cathedral. In the tion of the buildings by His Maj- pleted without the slightest sense Council there was no thought of esty Reza Shah Pahlavi at his of impropriety. curtailing the work, or even a visit in the autumn. With its mention of it, although some 300 Iron beds, its own electric INDIA salary cuts were made. lighting plant, its steam heating system, this array of twelve or A Grievance Removed -The Living Church. fourteen beautiful buildings stands in sharpest contrast to A long-standing grievance of Wanless Tuberculosis the old buildings of this same Christian converts has been that Sanitorium hospital twenty years ago-then in the public courts and records dark and ill-kept, without any villagers of the backward classes The Wanless Tuberculosis modern features whatever. who had been converted to Sanitorium at Miraj, which has Christianity were still entered been functioning since 1931, was The Sacred Shrine possesses as bhangis and chamars. The formally opened October 24. great wealth, poured into its Indian Christian Association coffers by successive waves of brought the matter to the atten- "How was the Sanitorium pilgrims through hundreds of tion of Sir Malcolm Hailey, Gov- built in these days of depresyears. Its resources are now ernor of the United Provinces of sion?" is a question frequently being utilized by the present Agra and Oudh, with the result asked. Miraj Hospital bought progressive ruler of Persia for that all officials have been in- the land, 105 acres; friends the support of modern schools, structed to record those who from Bombay Presidency subthe work for lepers, this new have been converted to Chris- scribed liberally, and wealthy hospital plant, and other projects tianity as Christians. This ac- people have given large donafor the benefit and relief of the tion on the part of the Govern- tions. During 1933, Rs. 15,000 pilgrims, and the 2,000,000 peo- ment is greatly appreciated by were received from a Hindu ple of Khorasan. That pioneer Christians of the backward Bombay broker for a new x"ray; Christian hospitals have been a classes, and also by those who and Rs. 50,000 from a Jain major factor in stimulating this are working for and among Trust Fund for new buildings. medical advance throughout Per- them. -The Indian Witness. The former came as the result sia there can be no doubt. of a promise made to Dr. Wan- Three Years in Dornakal less in 1930; the latter through His Own Funeral the influence of a patient who Encouraging reports were re- was connected with the Trust A Christian convert in Persia, vealed at the Dornakal Diocesan Fund. During the past year whose faith had sustained him Council which met October 4. there has been added to the Sanithrough his long and hopeless Since the last meeting of the torium one new general ward, a illness, faced the end with per- Council three years ago, 35,494 guest house, a clinical building fect confidence. Some days be- new Christian converts have housing the new X-ray, an operfore his death, his wife, a Mos- been baptized in the diocese of ating room, clinical laboratory lem, came asking that they Dornakal. Last year nearly and examining rooms, a 15 H. P. might have a Christian funeral, 1,000 Sudras were converted engine and building to house the to which assent was gladly given. and baptized, hitherto an un- same, six new cottages contain- But when the end drew near she ing eight beds and an endowsaw the yard filling with Moslem ment of Rs. 10,000. The goal is 125 beds. -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Javanese Converts at Delhi New Life in Siam "When we arrived in China pon Four Javanese young men, in- There has been a year of prog- ~ there was not a single mile of ress in Prae, Siam. The Presby- railroad operating anywhere in terested .in Scout work, were terian Church in that city has the land. Railroads are now members of a party which set launched out, with faith, on a measured by thousands of miles out on a world tour from Java plan of complete self-support. and include several trunk lines, to study education and political They have promised to support with others planned or under questions. They were Moham- their pastor and carryon all construction; well-built motor medans, but in Delhi they came their activities without any help roads are being opened almost in touch with Christ through from America. An ordained every month, bus service is be- servants of His in the Scout man from southern Siam, who is ing extended and airplane routes Movement, and in the missions. now resident in Prae, has given have been opened. Flour was After earnest study they pro- much time in volunteer service, ground by cow power and the fessed conversion, and were bap- and through special meetings product quite unprotected from tized in the Free Church at a and intensive evangelistic ef- dust raised by the animal's feet beautiful and memorable serv- fort under the power of the as it pursued its weary circuit. ice. They then decided to re- Holy Spirit, has been instru- Splendid flour mills with the turn to Java, to join with one of mental in bringing many to most up-to-date machinery are the missions there and become Christ. In all the churches, ex- now turning out daily hundreds grounded in the faith. cept the small group at Ban of sacks of good flour; and fac- Moon, a number of acceSSIOns tories of every sort produce the -London Missionary Herald. have been recorded each com- necessary supplies which until a munion Sunday. Quite a num- few years ago came from other Fresh Egg Association ber of old-time Christians who lands. had "said goo d – bye to the Among the experiments in Church," as the Siamese express "Forty years ago, outside misrural reconstruction, the Fresh it, have returned, renewed their sion schools, the only textbooks Egg Association is one spon- allegiance to Christ and asked to in use were over a thousand sored by the Baptist Mission at be restored. years old and there were no. re- Pyinmana. It has made a steady vised editions. Now there IS a growth. Each member has to Rev. Puang Akapin, evan- national educational s y s tern give eight annas to belong to the gelist at Pitsanuloke, has dedi- which provides schools for all Association and is given a num- cated his life 100 per cent to ages from early childhood to maber which he can place on the Christian service, without re- ture manhood, and they are open eggs to identify them. The mem- muneration from any organized to boys and girls on an equal bers are given the first oppor- body. His wife, a very capable footing. tunity to sell their eggs to the woman, has started a business mission, and are given the first in Prae which they hope will care "Undoubtedly there is a growchance to buy purebred cocks. for their family. Since he came ing sense of the need of a more The Association is now collecting he has inspired the group in the vital religious life than any of about 3,000 eggs a week and its city with the desire for a more the old cults ever produced, and activities are employing five fully consecrated life in Christ. the fact that many of the Agriculture School graduates. scholars of the land have pro- Last March two village poultry The hospital has pas sed vided themselves with copies of shows were conducted. through one of its best years the Word of God is cause for since the time when there was a great encouragement and thank- June 9, 1934, eleven Christian resident missionary physician. fulness."

men organized the Pyinmana In- The doctors from McCormick Once Buddhist-Now dustrial Cooperative Bank, Ltd., Hospital in Chiengmai have Evangelist with shares of Rs. 50 each to made regular monthly visits and finance poultry far min g in have generally found more work Each morning at Hengchow Yamethin and Toungoo districts, than they could do. Presbyterian Hospital, all em- and in Taungdwingyi subdi- -Siam Outlook. ployees who can spare the time, all patients able to walk and any VISIOn. Two Cooperative Poul- CH,INA friends who so desire attend try Societies were also organized ~ at Shwemyo and Lewe. Each chapel, by invitation, not commember puts in Rs. 5 a year un- Forty Years in Review pulsion. A Chinese evangelist, til he pays Rs. 25 for half a share in the Society. In case the So- On the eve of his retirement Mr. Dzu, who was a Buddhist ciety becomes liable for debts after forty years of service orator and strong anti-Christian which it cannot otherwise meet, under the Presbyterian Board the member may be called upon in China, Dr. J. E. Shoemaker speaker before his conversion, to pay the remaining Rs. 25. reviews some of the changes like the Apostle Paul, is now which have come under his ob- -Burma Baptist Bulletin. servation. just as ardent a worker for Christ. He is in charge of chapel services, leads once or twice a week and gets other

speakers at other times. Here orders to the village of Laomu- Building at Ginling College, there is not the difficulty in tell- teng that all Christian services, Nanking, were held in connecing, as in America, who is and even in the homes of the peo- tion with the Nineteenth Annual who is not a Christian, as non- ple, must be discontinued. The Founders' Day in November, Christians do not have the out- converts are, therefore, now 1934. This marked the compleward conformity to Christian meeting in the forest, or going tion of the academic quadrangle standards and Christian back- by a roundabout road to one of of Ginling College as planned ground. Mr. Dzu knows the psy- the other villages on Sundays. and financially provided for in chology of his people. Chris- Another village has been or- 1921-23. In a joint campaign tianity is never forced on pa- dered by the official to burn all for seven colleges in the Orient tients, but a few words are Christian books. Two chapels, a total of $3,000,000 was raised, spoken, a Scripture passage left besides the one at Laomuteng of which Ginling's share was with those who read and in a previously mentioned, have been $600,000. few days he makes it a point to completely destroyed. Several During the nineteen years of have a long talk with those who of the other chapels have been Ginling's history the student enshow interest. Not a few of the partially destroyed. rolment has grown from nine to patients leave the hospital Chris- Stressing Stewardship 213. In addition to the college tians, and much of the credit is students there are 74 senior due this former Buddhist. Rev. H. G. Hilscher, of the middle school students in the Shantung Presbyterian Mission, Practice School under the Edu- Overcoming Adversity cation Department of the insti- has made two extended bicycle tution. Dormitories are crowded The little Christian Church at trips over the Tengchow field to to capacity, and further provis- ion for housing must be made to Chi Yang had fallen on hard stress stewardship and self-sup- meet the normal growth of the port. He reports that the result student body. days. The membership slowly exceeded expectations. "Numer- -China Weekly Review. melted away. ous c h u r c h members have pledged their tithe. Our pastors, Friends Face Issue "Friends," said the volunteer who a few years ago all refused Friends at West China Union preacher, Mr. Wang, "either we to make such a pledge, are now University are confronted with tithing, as are many elders and a serious situation which arises do something or allow our from the requirement of the other leaders. One woman, Chinese Government that educachurch to be occupied by the formerly an evangelist who tional institutions in China shall teach military drill. Recently, military." So they started serv- hated to give, was revived last the government has been press- year and pledged her tithe, but ing this requirement, and the six ices again; then a school for this spring changed her pledge Friends who are members of the teaching staff have sent a signed girls; then Thousand Character to two-tenths. In one place letter of protest which stayed where we held meetings many proceedings for a time, but the Classes. The Commanding of- pledges in produce were made, ultimate result is still in the balance. iicer of the Army division turned e. g., a bushel of millet, or of wheat, eggs laid on Sunday, an The Presbyterian mission in out to be a Christian, with a de- Shantung also passed a strong entire apricot crop; and the resolution a g a ins t military sire to help. They outgrew old children insisted on having a training in Christian schools.

quarters and built a new church. share. The total amount pledged Some eminent Chinese leaders in the country field is about three have spoken frankly in regard to In late October, Rev. Rowland giving education precedence over times that of last year. military preparation. "We must M. Cross attended the dedication. Owing to finances two pastors believe," said Dr. Hu Hsih, "that the education of 50,000,000 chil- The campaign for funds was had their subsidies entirely dren will be 50,000 times more effective and important to the promoted by three loyal sons, withdrawn, but they decided to country than 5,000 airplanes!" continue on a faith basis. It two students in Yenching and meant hardship, but they testify -American Friend'. to greater joy in service, and .Jefferson, respectively, and one certainly they show greater zeal. a teacher in Tunghsien. The One who was lazy is now inces- santly preaching and looking iirst person to offer public con- after his church members; his gratulations was a non-Chris- wife is an inspiration by her tian, leading business man from constant singing, testimony and praying, and her radiance in the an adj oining town. Bowing low home. to the Cross on the altar and the picture of Christ above it, he then turned to the congregation and thanked them and the Kung- lihui for what itthheadcodmomn~eniatny.d was doing, for The pastor, a local farmer, serves without pay.

Christian Services Forbidden Persecution of Lisu converts Buildings for Ginling JAPAN -CHOSEN Dedication ceremonies for the General Assembly Meeting in the province of Yunnan continues. The latest report to China's Millions is that the local new Chapel-Music Building and The forty-eighth annual meetofficial has definitely iss u e d the Library – Administration ing of the Presbyterian Church

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in Japan was held in Tokyo last Sunday school and worship serv- that ha<J been stripped from the ices are held. Each year in Jan- October. About 300 delegates uary the farm accommodates the wall of a Korean room, and that were in attendance, coming from 20 to 30 who come for two weeks consisted of leaves from one of all parts of Japan and from For- of Farmers' Gospel S c h 0 0 I. the first Korean Bibles that had mosa, Korea and Manchukuo. There is also a Rural Women's been sent in from Manchuria be- The meetings were characterized Gospel School where along with fore the first missionaries arthroughout by a spirit of prayer the Gospel, courses are offered rived. -Pyengyang News. and harmony, and a generous attitude toward others in the in food preparation, care of chil- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC problems that were discussed. dren, housing conditions, hy- Among the questions voted upon gienic c lot hi n g, budgeting, Transformed Islanders were: The appointment of a simple marketing, etc. In 1875, Dr. George Brown Japanese as principal of the -Kagawa Fellowship landed on the beach at Molot, in Tainan College in Formosa, con- Bulletin. the Duke of York group, New ducted by the English Presby- Britain District, and found a terians, in response to an ear- New Church For Koreans people wholly savage, of disgustnest request from that mission. ing habits and of evil temper.

A special committee was ap- There are now 500,000 Ko- All the horrors of heathenism pointed for conference on union reans in Japan, scattered from were around him, and human of all denominations, with no one end of the land to the other. life was not safe. Fifty years sacrifice of principles or faith. Through the cooperation of later a missionary stepped on the Methodist and Presbyterian same beach, to be welcomed by It was urged that the Church's churches in Korea, and about over two thousand people singthree seminaries establish closer ing Christian hymns. They were relations by means of annual ten missions of various denomiconferences. nations in Japan, 48 churches clean, self-respecting, and, as was subsequently see n, of It was voted that more em- have been established for these changed character. Fiji was phasis should be placed on the Koreans, with about 4,000 Chrisspiritual and less on the scholas- once a by-word for bestiality and tic qualifications of candidates; tians, 1,000 of this number being indescribable cruelty, and all the this in view of the fact that sev- baptized church members. horrors of widow – strangling, eral men of outstanding ability had failed in one or more exam- This church as now written cannibalism and infanticide inations last year. its own constitution and creed were commonplace. Today there and set up an organization with is a whole nation transformed, -Christian Observer. and eagerly preparing to cele- something like sessions, Presby- brate the Centenary of Chris- teries or conferences, and a su- preme council. Practically all the cooperating bodies have cor- tianity in those once dark One-Acre Evangelism dially approved the new organ- islands. There is now a Church One of Mr. Kagawa's ventures ization. Six or seven congrega- that has sent its sons and daugh- tions have their buildings paid ters to New Britain, Papua, Solis to establish in various parts of for, and are contributing toward omon Islands and North Aus- Japan, as experiment stations in their workers' support. tralia to preach the Good News keeping with small scale farm- that so marvelously redeemed -Pyengyang News. their own lives. ing and living standards a series of model one-acre farms, tilled Moffett Memorial -The Open Door.

and lived on by Christian farm For some time Korean friends A Discovery in New Guinea experts. The first of these was started a few miles from Tokyo, and on it as tenant and man- of Dr. Samuel Moffett have An Australian anthropologist, ager went a young Christian wished to erect some memorial E. W. P. Chinnery, has reported graduate of the Imperial Agri- as an appreciation of his many his discovery of an area of 5,000 culture School in Tokyo and an years of service. Their first square miles in the interior of instructor therein, with his wife thought was a bronze statue, but New Guinea, inhabited by at and baby. During their three they have deferred to Dr. Mof- least 200,000 savage people who years' residence the acre has fett's wishes in the matter, with have never had any contact been transformed from the usual the result that a very neat and whatever with the outside world.

cluster of one-group rice paddies substantial two-story b ric k On venturing an investigation, into a veritable horticultural building stands at the intersec- the natives were found to be garden, with various sorts of tion of the two streets which quite friendly, much better phys- animal husbandry. Not only skirt the Eastern part of the ical specimens than many of this but the farm is a center of missionary compound. Although their fellow New Guineans. This community life and culture, as not quite finished it was used newly discovered group is with- one may judge from the well- during the meeting of General in British mandated territory.

thumbed library in the home. Assembly to house a remarkable Here is a good opportunity for Every Sunday the little house is Jubilee Exhibit. An interesting pioneer missionary work.

converted into a church where feature a section of wall-paper -Moody Institute Monthly.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,==~~========~========~==~=~, Christianity Tested, Its Significance strange, heavy," and "its doc- Dr. Buck writes out of his own for Modern Missions. By Oscar Macmillan Buck. 257 pages. $2.00. trines are foreign and bewilder- experience as a former mission- The Abingdon Press, New York. ing." (p. 104.) Then, "What ary in India, and his studies as 1934. is it," he asks, "that we have to Professor of Missions and Com- Dr. Oscar M. Buck, Professor give that is unique?" (p. 128.) parative Religion at Drew Theoof Missions in Drew University, He declares that "it is not logical Seminary since 1920. In has undertaken a difficult task- enough to say that the Christian 1925-26, he spent a year in Asia, to show how Christianity looks uniqueness is Christ," as was during eight months of which he to Asiatic non-Christians. He affirmed at the Lausanne and J e- was engaged in evangelistic frankly says that it would be rusalem Conferences. (pp. 129- work among educated non-Chris- "far easier to discover the 130.) Dr. Buck finds the answer tians. In 1930-31 he was again uniqueness of Christianity" to which satisfies him in "the in India as Secretary of the western Christians. But what Christian manner of living." (p. Lindsay Commission on Chrisdoes a non-Christian see? This 139). "What we have to giveis what this book sets out to and all that we have to give-is tian Higher Education. He is show. He guards himself at the the proof of what is unique in outset by saying: the life and religion of Jesus." an ardent advocate and an ear- (p. 230.) This attempt at a philosophy of mis- nest student of foreign missions, based upon what is unique and Is there a contrast here be- sions. Whether his present atdistinctive in Christianity among the tween the religion "of" Jesus and tempt is successful, as an Occiworld's religions and irreligions, has the religion "about" Jesus, the dental Christian to put himself to do only with the first approach to religion of which He is not only the non-Christian. It does not claim the perfect example but the ob- in the other fellow's place and to be a compendium for all that is dis- ject of its faith and worship. As tinctive in Christianity, but only a for "manner of living," it would see Christianity from the viewstatement of that central uniqueness be easy to name men who do not point of an Oriental non-Chriswhich would commend Christianity to believe in Christ at all-agnos- tian, an American is hardly in a the non-Christian without making tics, Jews, Hindus and Buddhists position to decide. Only an edu- Christianity to him at the start a sys- -whose "manner of living" is as cated Asiatic is competent to tem so exotic, so complicated, and so irreproachable as that of Chris- appraise the validity of the auaggressive as to arouse in him the tians. thor's argument. One would will to disbelieve if not the will to like to have the reactions of such counter. (p. 10.) Dr. Buck seems to magnify the men as Chang Po-lin of China, intellectual obstacles to the Kagawa of Japan, Bishop Dorne- He concludes that the mission- spread of Christianity in Asia. kal of India and Boon Boon Itt ary enterprise makes a mistake Such obstacles undoubtedly ex- of Siam. They have not found in emphasizing at the outset the ist, but are they the most for- the central Christian doctrines divine sonship of Christ, His "incomprehensible," nor did that atonement and redemption, great theologian, the late Dr.

which, precious as they are to us midable ones? Whatever they Uemura of Tokyo, who taught who "are heirs of Plato and are, we concur in the declaration these doctrines to hundreds of Plotinus, with Greek id~alism of the Lausanne and Jerusalem his students and preached them based on a metaphysical dualism Conferences that "our message to tens of thousands of Japanese. the framework of our thinking." is Jesus Christ" as He is pre- But Dr. Buck has written a (p. 95.) His ideas are unintelli- sented in the New Testament. remarkably thought – provoking gible to Asiatics who have no This is the message that has won book and one that contains a such background. "The Chris- all the victories that Christianity large amount of valuable matetian missionary enterprise," says has won thus far. The Asiatie rial. Missionaries and secreta- Dr. Buck, "has never taken suffi- delegates to those conferences ries and members of boards ciently to heart this incompre- voted for the statement and its should carefully read it. The hensibility for the Asian of its power has been attested by hun- lack of an index is a defect which doctrines and methods." (p.90.) dreds of thousands of Oriental should be remedied in any fur- The Church, too, he deems "a Christians who have understood ther printing. barrier" as "its organization is it and joyfully accepted it. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[94 ] History of the Korea Mission, Pres- cret of the work that has been China, shows 122 missions under byterian Church in the U. S. A. By carried on with great power various orders of that Church. Harry A. Rhodes, Editor. 682 pp. even through much weakness. Protestant statistics are more 8 vo. $2.00. Published by the Mis- "Certain spiritual factors have difficult to obtain because of the sion. Sold in America by Fleming predominated, viz., prayer, con- many agencies at work. There H. Revell Company, New York. fession, Bible study, worship, are two Australian Societies, 17 1934. witnessing, observance of the British, 66 American, 21 Conti- Lord's Day, revival, giving, tem- nental, with 21 agencies and so- This volume should every- perance and righteous living." cieties that are quite distinctivewhere commend the deep inter- Readers of this history will join ly Chinese, in addition to the est of students of missions. It the missionaries and their Ko- China Inland Mission rated as is the kind of work that needs to rean friends in the earnest hope international and seven educabe done in all fields, putting the that these factors will continue tional agencies not listed among records of the years into perma- in full power in trying days that the others. There are 6,121 nent form. The Presbyterian are sure to come. Protestant missionaries, 481,162 Mission in Chosen has been no- registered Protestant communitable both in methods and in CLELAND B. McAFEE. cants in a partial and incomplete results, leading to the establish- report, with 214,566 others rement of a Church which takes The China Year Book, 1934. Edited ported under instruction. Note itself with great seriousness. by H. G. W. Woodhead. 8 vo. 854 is made of medical, educational, Probably no mission in the world pp. $12.50. Published in China. relief and other forms of work. has tried to put into operation Agents for U. S. A.: University of more thoroughly what is known Chicago Press, Chicago. 1934. Other sections of the volume as the "Nevius Plan" of self-sup- give accurate facts as to the govport and self-government among This sixteenth edition of the ernment and its constitution, so new believers. Dr. Rhodes here China Year Book is even more difficult to obtain elsewhere, railtells the story of the half-cen- elaborate than its predecessors. road, postal and other statistics tury, having had full access to Manchukuo is dealt with in a and programs, and an excellent all records in Chosen itself and special chapter, since the Chi- and informative "Who's Who." in the Mission Board files in nese Government does not exer- It is an invaluable guide to the America during a recent fur- cise at present any authority facts about China. lough. The result is a sumptu- there. A special Year Book covous volume, sold at a surprising- ering Manchukuo is issued in CLELAND B. McAFEE. ly low price to make it available Tokyo. The chapters on Roman to all. In addition to 682 pages and Protestant Missions in China's Problems and Their Solution. of text there are eighty-three China have been brought down By Wang Ching-Wei. 199 pp. $4.50. pages of illustrations from pho- to date by resident writers; China United Press. Shanghai. tographs; most pages contain- there is a new chapter on "The ing two or more pictures. It is Press" and a full account of the This is an authoritative interan unusual and valuable piece of Kuomintang. Data are here pretation of present-day China, work, describing fifty years of available on virtually every as- its revolution, problems and polremarkable achievement. pect of Chinese life and history icies. It is written by one who so that the book should be in might have used the historic After giving the background every public and school library phrase: "All of which I saw and of Korean history, religion and and in the hands of all careful part of which I was"; for the customs, Dr. Rhodes takes up the students of Chinese affairs. author was a collaborator and main theme-the work of grace confidential friend of Sun Yatthrough the mission and the re- The religion of the Chinese is sen, the father of the Chinese sulting Church. The record of discussed in an extended chap- Republic, and since the latter's great revivals and new begin- ter. There are between fifteen death he has been an influential nings is given with balance and and twenty million Moslems in factor in the Government and is careful analysis. The story of China. A few hundred Chinese now president of the Executive cooperative efforts, of diver- Jews are found in Honan, gath- Department of the Government, gence of views regarding some ered around the ruins of a syna- and Minister of Foreign Affairs. points as between field and home gogue built in 1183, rebuilt in He frankly says that "China is office, of movements toward edu- 1488, and now being reclaimed sick and suffering from a series cation of the believers, of the by an Anglican Mission. Most of complications which may' be organizing of the Church and its Chinese accept Confucianism, described as general debility, a many agencies of expansion, of Taoism and Buddhism, all three weak heart and a tumorous medical work, industrial service, at the same time. "The record- growth." (p. 13.) But he firmforeign missions, of the found- ed Roman Catholic population ly believes in the recuperative ing of stations-all this is told today is 2,624,166. Every cor- powers of his country and that, in a way to inspire the reader. ner of this immense Chinese field given reasonable time and free- Missionary-minded pastors and has been planted with a Cross. dom from outside interference, other speakers will rejoice to find New workers come in hundreds China can and will develop a the whole story rich in incidents. every year from Europe and sound and stable government. Effort is made to reveal the se- America." A large statistical He roundly denounces the folder of the Catholic Church in "swashbuckling war-lords" and

"predatory militarist" whose sympathetically told and is an girls are bad; they are more "cruel selfishness" is keeping the excellent supplement to the more sinned against than sinning. country in turmoil. (p. 17.) complete biographies by Mrs. Many have left home for good, He declares that China can no Arthur Parker, Drs. Streeter unselfish reasons, because their more tolerate communists "than and Appasamy and Dr. Heiler of parents could not support them. the existence of poisonous snakes Marburg; the book by Mr. An- But they are ruined or on the and wild beasts." (p. 171.) He drews is an especially well writ- road to ruin for they live by earnestly advocates a policy of ten and satisfying interpretation their wits and brute strengthunification, and he wisely and of the man. tramping, stealing, begging, lyplainly says: "there is only one As is generally known by ing, in promiscuous sex relations course open to us-to put our readers of THE REVIEW, Sundar that sap physical and moral vihouse in order so as to consoli- Singh was a well-born Sikh, and tality. Their only education is date our national strength and had a devout mother and an hon- that which they pick up as chickvitality and thus strengthen the ored father. He went to a Chris- ens pick up grains from the dirt. foundations of peace in the Far tian mission school but lead in Prof. Minehan has interviewed East and in the world beyond it. student opposition to Bible study 1,377 boys and 88 girls of the There is no alternative." (p. 5.) and Christian influence. He was, American "jungle." Most of This is Chinese statesmanship however, a seeker after God and them are American born and so at its best. There is hope for a when about sixteen years of age are their parents. They came nation that has such leaders as had a remarkable vision which from over 22 states. Their ages Wang Ching-Wei and Chiang led to his acceptance of the living ranged from 12 to 21, the aver- Kai-shek. The volume has a Christ. Persecution and ostra- age being about 17 years. Most wealth of information and is cism from his home followed. claimed to be Protestants and 88 handsomely printed and bound, He forsook all, was baptized and had attended Sunday Schools. but the price is rather high for a began to study with missionaries Many had been on the road from book of hardly 200 pages. at Ludhianna and later at La- one to two years. Few had ARTHUR J. BROWN. hore. Finally he decided to be- reached high school. A glossary come a Christian Sadhu-a trav- Sadhu Sundar Singh. By C. F. An- eling witness to Christ and a is needed to interpret some of' servant of all in the name of his their language on the road. drews. 8 vo. 204 pp. $2.00. Harp- ers. New York. 1934. The book is interesting but sad Many· who were acquainted Master. Many and remarkable reading and describes where with Sundar Singh were strong- were his visions and experiences these boys and girls come from; ly impressed with his likeness to -it being difficult at times to where they go, and how; where Christ. This likeness included distinguish between the two. His they sleep and eat; their renot only his Eastern dress and great ambition was to carry the ligious life and standards; their general Oriental appearance but Gospel into Tibet, the closed conversations and sex life. What his quiet self-control, his peace- land, and several times he jour- can be done about it? Unfortuful demeanor, his strength of neyed thither. On his last jour- nately they don't like missions. character, his sacrificial service ney, in 1929, at the age of 34, These boys and girls will not be to any and all who needed his he disappeared and his death is taken in C.C.C. camps and are help, his constant witness to God generally accepted but he has not on relief lists. They need to and the love which drew children left an abiding heritage to the be rescued and put into homes and others to his side. C. F. Christian Church. for their own sake and for the Andrews knew Sundar Singh in- This biographical sketch and sake of humanity before they go timately and is a kindred spirit. interpretation is well worth on spreading moral and physi- In these personal memoirs Mr. reading. It reveals what may cal disease and death. They con- Andrews describes his own con- happen when Christ takes pos- stitute a social evil that will tacts and conversations with the session of an Indian soul. spread if it is not remedied.

Sadhu; he tells of his devotion Boy and Girl Tramps of America. By Navaholand and Zunitown. A Reto Christ and the deathless beau- Thomas Minehan. Illus. 8 vo. 267 port of Christian Reformed Misty and strength of his character. pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. sions. Htmry Beets. 25 cents.

"Sundar Singh," he writes, "by New York. 1934. Grand Rapids Printing Co. Michihig creative personality, set for- Depression-financial, domes- gan. 1934.

ward a true type for Indian tic and moral-is responsible for This is a story of work among Christians to follow." India many ills, one of the worst of the Indians of New Mexico and would be a new land and the which is its influence on boys Arizona-a work nearly forty Indian Church a nearly ideal and girls. This description of years old and showing much en- church if the devotion, the char- life among vagabond boys and couraging fruitage. There are acter, the spirit that dominated girls is by a young professor schools and hospitals, churches the Sadhu, prevailed in that land from the University of Minne- and Christian homes. These and church. sota who lived among them, dis- brief sketches reveal the power Here is a fascinating, stimu- guised, for three years. The of Christ to transform life so lating biography for anyone to story he tells is shocking, heart- that the good Indians are alive read. The story is simply and rending. Not all the boys and not dead.

New Chain-Reference Bible. But, however mixed their blood, religious leadership, and what a

Compiled and edited by Frank group of Baptists are doing at Charles Thompson. 12 maps. 8 Vo. the culture has become largely Clear Creek Mountain ~prmgs VarlOus styles and prices. B. B. English and most of the de- to help train the mountam Kirkbride Bible Co. Indianapolis. nommations represented were brought over by the ~nglish. preachers. 1934.

The Bible is still the "best Three outstanding characterIs- Dr. Dunn's chapter on "Misseller" in the world and has been tics of the pIOneers stiH prevail sionary and Phi I ant h r 0 pic for at least a century. There in great degree-individuallsm, Schools" is full of informatlOn are translations, editions, anno- emotional instability, and reH- essential to a thorough knowltations, notes and styles almost ance on natural ablllty unaided edge of this phase of the mounwithout number, and the added by special training. The book tain work. If one wishes a commaterial varies greatly in prac- gIves a hIstory of the rise of de- pendium of information about tical value. This Chain-Refer- nominatIOnal1sm and shows that, the religious and educatlOnal ence Bible has many unique and on account of the individuallsm conditions of the mountams, the useful features for Bible stu- of the people, the SImple democ- changes now taking place, and dents-particularly for begin- racy of the l:Saptist Churches be- the many problems facing the ners in deeper study and for came popular and has held the mountain workers, this bOOK will parents and teachers. It is based ascenaency. 'l'he uneducated be a great help. L. C. KELLY. on the King James Version, has preacher and his emotIOnal1sm a self-pronouncing text, good proauced persecution in Virgmia New Books print and I eat her binding. but resulted in granting freedom Among the special features are of worshIp to all. American Family. Faith Baldwin. the chain references by which a The chIef elements in the re- 388 pp. $2. Farrar & Rinehart. subject can be followed through ligious inheritance of the High- New York. the entire Bible. There are also The Christian Fact and Modern lanaers are a strong belief in the Doubt. Geo. A. Buttrick. 301 pp. an analysis of the different real1ty and importance of re- $2.50. Scribners. New York. books, an outline study of Bible liglOn, a fear of the l(.oman Cath- A Christian Manifesto. Edwin Lewis. characters, pictorial maps and 245 pp. $2.00. Abingdon Press. charts, a general index, a text 01lC vhurch, a distrust of all New York. forms or symbols (as being encylopedia, Bible readings, out- Christ and the Congo. Findings of line studies, Bible harmonies, a associated with the Catholic Conferences Held by Dr. John R. Church) , reverence for the Mott. 68 pp. 2s. 1. M. C. London. concordance and atlas. Bound words of the Bible, and a belief with it is Dr. Thompson's own in the supreme importance of Forward in Western China. E. S. system of Bible study with sug- personal salvation. Stewart. 75 pp. lB. C. M. S. Longestions as to the analytical study, the synthetic study, chap- Isolation, poverty, overpopu- don. ter, topical and verse studies. This is the result of thirty-one lation, bad health conditions, and God's Unspeakable Gift. H. A. Ironyears of careful, reverent labor. sides. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & It is adapted to all classes and the slow development of schools Inglis. Glasgow. will be found especially useful are discussed. Lack of social to missionaries, young pastors organizations, the inferior posi- His Book or Structure in Scripture. Norman B. Harrison. 111 pp. 75 and Sunday school teachers. tion of women, and pioneer eth- cents. B. 1. C. A. Chicago. ics are discriminatingly pointed Is He Not Able? Edith F. Norton. out. The report of a funeral ser- 147 pp. $1.00. Bible Institute Col- mon is included in a graphic portage Association, Chicago.

Religion in the Highlands. By Eliza- picture of the preaching of a Ploughed Under. Amy Carmichael. beth R. Hooker. With a section on primitive preacher. The anti- 28. 6d. Illus. 156 pp. S. P. C. K. Missionary and Philanthropic mission and sectarian spirit of London. Schools. By Fannie W. Dunn. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Coun- certain sections are well defined. Race and Economics in South Africa. cil, New York, 1933. The Northeastern Cumberland W. G. Ballinger. 67 pp. 18. 6d.

We are here given an insight Plateau, which comprises much Sun Yat-Sen-His Life and Its Mean- of Eastern Kentucky and some ing. Lyon Sharman. $3.50. 418 to the mountain life and moun- pp. John Day Co. New York. tain problems educationally, and of West Virginia, is shown to be That Strange Man Upon the Cross. religiously. Miss Hooker's divi- the most destitute educationally Richard Roberts. 137 pp. $1.25. sion of the territory of the south- and religiously of all the moun- Abingdon Press. New York.

ern mountains into the North- tain sections. Because of this The Tiger Tamed. R. H. Boyd. 208 western Cumberland Plateau, destitution it has become the fo- pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- the Northeastern Cumberland cal center of many people who don. Plateau, the Allegheny Plateau, seek to help the people religious- Unto the Skies. Lilian G. Carleton. the Blue Ridge, the Central ly, educationally, and otherwise. 210 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Ridges, and the Central Valleys, The book gives a fine discussion London. shows a true insight to the great on church houses, missionary Ways of Praying. Muriel Lester. 32 agencies, denominational and in- pp. 35 cents. Cokesbury Press. differences between mountain Nashville. people and their varied prob- dependent schools. It is the only lems. The ancestors of these Word Studies in the Old Testament. people were largely of German, book we know that discusses im- Vol.!. B. A. M. Schapiro. 28 pp. partially the uneducated moun- 50 cents. Hebrew-Christian Pub. English and Scotch Irish stocks. tain preacher, the problem of Society. New York.

—A PROBLEM OR A

HERE IS A CHALLENGE TO YOU I Will you help to spread international understanding and brotherhood?

Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-Five years, sees the problem presented to Asia and to America. He also sees the challenge and the present opportunity.

Will YOU accept the challenge and make use of the opportunity? HOW? Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. It is d stirring picture that Dr. Iglehart draws—one to hold the attention and stir to action—useful Cpristian dction. Send 2 cents for a sample leaflet. Then send $1.00 for a hundred more. An American layman was so stirred by this message from Dr. Inglehart that he provided for the publication of a limited number of these leaFiets—with the conFident hope that you will help distribute them.

cSend to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1S6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SALE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- discussion groups. Why not act uable for loccill or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life all over the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign MisSions, Americ:an Highlands and at the same time can earn Americ:an Indians Afric:ans—Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and. Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address.–Circ:ulation Manager Savages and Saints The Pacific Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. c8enCi to The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1934

APRIL,1934

Our Approach to Non-Christians E. Stanley Jones Visualizing Non-Christian Religions Samuel M. Zwemer The "Forgotten Man" of the Mountain: M. A. Dawber Glimpses of Indian Hearts and Hearth~ Elizabeth Conklin The Government's New Indian Policy G. E. E. Lindquist The Testimony of Mr. Wang J. P. Leynse

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AddreslJ: recently ordered all six of Union Bible Dr. T. L. Scott of Gujranwala, the Seminary's Bible study courses for class oldest missionary of the American GEORGE F. TIBBITTS. Director work wi'th her converts. Think what United Presbyterian Church passed it would mean to study Genesis and away on January 4th, after a service Cliffside Perk Exodus in Egypt where so man y of tile of 59 years in India. Although of- events recorded in these books occurred I ficially on the retired list Dr. Scott Cornwall.on-Hudson New York But, while not 80 suggestive of the ro- has continued to work as much as mantic, the study of the Rble in Amer- failing hearing and eyesight per- Dates To Remember ica is jUst as wonderful as in Egypt. mitted, living with his daughter, Miss OUf six courses are as follows: Louise A. Scott, who is in charge of April 26-May 7-General Conference, the Gu,iranwala Girls' School. Methodist Episcopal Church, South. 20 Lessons in Genesis. 20 LesIOn. in ExodllS. Jackson, Miss. 20 Lessons ia John. 20 Lesson. io RevelatifID. Dr. Scott was for thirty years a professor in the U. P. Theological May Z-S-Thirteenth National Con- 20 Lessons in Bible History Ind Prophecy. Seminary and has had a noteworthy vention, Y. W. C. A. of America. 20 LU$ODI ia Homiletics. part in training the Christian leaders Philadelphia, Pa. of this part of India. Before going These courses formerly sold for Onr into the seminary he was unusually May 1S-17-Community Church Dollar per set, but ate now offered for successful as an evangelistic mission- Workers of the U. S. A. Kansas SOc per set. If all six are ordered at one ary in Jhelum and has probably bap- City, Mo. time for $3, a substantial loose-leaf tized more Moslem converts than any- binder is included without further cost. one in the Mission. A number of these May 20-26-Church Conference of So- were Maulvies who later became min- cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. O,der from isters, serving in variouS parts of North India. May Z3-29-Northern Baptist Con- UNION BIBLE SEMINARY vention. Rochester, N. Y. *** Weatfield, Indiana May 24-29-General Assembly, Pres- Rev. Huie Kin, founder, and for 40 byterian Church in U. S. A. Cleve- AGENTS WANTED years the pastor of the Chinese Pres- land, O. byterian Church in New York, died in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can Peiping, China, January 22d, at 80 June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed be sold in quantities to every Mib. years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Huie had Church in America. Grand Rapids, returned to China upon his retirement Mich. sionary Society. It furni8hes infor· a few years ago'*. -:;:. .;.:. mation in brief, interesting form for June 20-27-Oenera1 Assembly, Unit- leaders and discussion groups. Why Dr. T. B. Ray, Executive Secretary ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. not act as our Agent in your church of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mis- or community '! You can advance the Rion Board for 27 years, died in Rich- June 21·27 – General Council of the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the mond, Va., on January 14th. He was Congregational and Christian same time earn a liberal commission. as well known in the North as in the Churches. Oberlin, O. South and heroically and skilfully Address-·Circulation Manager, guided the affairs of the Southern June 26·27 – U n ion of Reformed The Missionary Review ofthe World, Baptist Mission Board during these Church in the U. S. and the Evan- years of financial crisis. gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, Third and Reily Streets, Ohio. Harrisburg, Pa. TEN Pastor, would you not be willing to pay ten cents a UNITED MISSIONARY CENTS week for a little sheet that CAMPAIGN contains a synopsis of an A Week originalserrnon, an apt illus.. April 10-11 Hackensack, N. J. tration. a sermon outline. or April 12 New Brunswick, N, J. an exposition of Scripture 1 April 15-16 Elizabeth, N. J. JUNIATA COLLEGE Suppose we add to it SOMe April 17-18 Plainfield, N. J. notcs on the current Sunday schooJ lesson. little April 19-20 Bridgeton, N. J. HUNTINCDON. PA. items of interest {rom nlany parts of the world. April 22-23 Allentown, Pa. April 24-25 Eastern Pennsylvania. Clari.tian Accredited Coeducational editorjalobservations on live themes, etc., etc•• and tell you it can be hod THE FREE CHURCH BIBLE Representatives of Juniata. are on the Mission fields for two tento a week? This INSTiTUTE AND ACADEMY of China, India. Africa, and Europe. FOR is what we offer in The Gos.. This institution offers the followin2' courses: Two year",' Degree courses in Arts, Science, Education, Busine3!:l. pel Minister. 8 pages every 2 Cents Bible ".course. Hie'h School Course. accredited by the Music. Rnd Home Economics. University of IlHnoil!l. Tbree.year 'Seminary Course. week for $1.00 a year. R.clistratioo" Day. Sept..~ For 1IlustratMl Catal6£ IPrile Ask for pietori,l bulletin and catalogue. THE GOSPEL MINISTER A Week Dr. Gustav Edwards, Pres. CHARLES C. ELLIS, Ph.D.. D.O., 42SS N. Hermitage Ave., Chlcaco.lII. President. Westfield,lodi….

Phone Buckingham 0970

MISSIONARY USED IN OVER ONE MILLION CHRISTIAN

REVIEW OF THE WORLD HURLBUT'S STORY OF THE BIBLE DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ByolESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.O. Recommended by all denominations for Itsfreshness and accuracy, VOL. LVII APRIL, 1934 No.4 for Its simplicity of language, for Its freedom from doctrinal discussion.

Publication and Business OMce THE BEST GIFT FOR YOUNG AND OLD Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. FOR TEACHER8-STUDENTS-FOR THE HOME AND SCHOOL Editorial and Executive OMce One hundred and .ixty-eightstories, each complete in itself, yet form- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City ing a continuous narraUve of the Biblefrom Genesi. to Revelation. Entered as second-class matter at Each ofthe world-old storie. i. told by the noted author in a manner Post OMce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act thati. vitaJ]y interesting and instructive to young and old alike. of March 3, 1879. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. BIggest and Best IUustrated Book Ever Sold lor the PrIce Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Beautifully illustrated with 281 picture. in colors and in black and Published monthly. except August. white; over 100 famous Leinweber painting•• 759 pages. PrIce ..$2." All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. At 011 book.tore. or from the publi.her. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Winston Bldg., Philadelphia _ _• BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items Dr. Willliam B. Millar haS resigned ROBERT E. SPEER, President as general secretary of the Greater WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Bishop Azariah of Dornakal, India, New York Federation of Churches, WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer has confirmed 3,054 persons, fifty- a position he has filled with success DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary three within the past year. The Bishop since 1921. SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT has just celebrated the 21st anniver- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD sary of his consecration. He became widely known as organ- WM. B. LIPPHARD izer of the Army and Navy Depart- ERIC M. NORTH *** ment of the Y. M. C. A., which he MILTON T. STAUFFER headed for twelve years and which A. L. WARNSHUIS Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Secretary has rendered very effective service to SAMUEL M. ZWEMER American soldiers and sailors and to of the Conference of British Mission- those of other nations. Editorial Chat ary Societies, is visiting the Far East to get a better understanding of the In 1910 Dr. Millar became general The Home Missions Council, at their background of missionary work in secretary of the Laymen's Missionary annual meeting in January, voted China, and to discover what leading Movement in the United States and missionaries and Chinese Christians Canada, a post which he held for the that the following members should are thinking with regard to mission- next ten years. reuresent them on the Editorial Coun- ary policy, in the light of the financial cil of THE REVIEW for the year 1934: stringency with which Societies every- The Greater New York Federation Dr. John McDowell (Presbyterian), where are faced. of Churches began the religious radio Dr. Charles H. Sears (Baptist), Rev. broadcasting in 1923 and it has grown Jay S. Stowell (Methodist), and Dr. *** into a nation-wide service comprising , William R. King (Executive Secre- eleven programs weekly in coopera- tary). This committee cooperates Rev. F. C. Sackett of the Methodist tion with fifty-seven local federations. with the Editor in securing valuable Mission in Secunderabad, Deccan, In- articles and news on the evangelical *** mission work carried on by American dia, received the Kaiser-i-Hind gold churches. One of the valuable results Dr. Enoch F. Bell is the Editor-in- of this cooperation will be seen in our medal, and Miss Ethel A. Gordon, Chief of the newly established Mis- forthcoming June number dealing sionary Herald, at Home and Abroad, with Orientals in America. (See no- Principal of the Church of Scotland which combines the honored Mission- tice on the back cover of this issue.) Training College for Women Teachers ary Herald and the American Mis- sionary. The new magazine will be A correspond*ent*, J*. E.· Koechley, in· Poona, received the Kaiser-i-Hind controlled by the American Board of Silver Medal. Commissioners for Foreign Missions, of Bellevue, Ohio, writes to call our the American Missionary Association, attention to a misstatement in the *** the Church Extension Boards, the February REVIEW (page 70) with Boards of Ministerial Relief, and the Dr. John R. Mott sailed on March Board of Education of the Congregareference to the Roman Catholic 7th for England, on his way to South tional and Christian Churches. The Church and the Bible. It is incorrect Associate Editor will be John R. Scotto say that the "Bible is a closed book Africa, where he will hold a number ford of New York. The headquarters will be at 14 Beacon Street, Boston. to all Catholics except the priest- of conferences under the auspices of the General Missionary Conference Sun~School hood." Selected portions of the Bible have a large place in the liturgy and of South Africa. He is due in Cape Supplies mass. The laity has not, however, Town about April 9th and, after some J~'ou'm/,O ~nNF 7t1~ Hl1 mlet'l1flliofmllers¥tws been encouraged to read the Bible six weeks in the Union of South Afri- -1iJr1l1/ ~1iJtJs ca and Rhodesia plans to proceed and the Church reserves the right of 1ite for over land to the Congo where he will and interpretation. attend an important United Mission- ary Conference.

Dr. Lewis R. *** a well known Scudder, and highly honored missionary of the Reformed Church in America, has re- tired from active service in the Arcot Mission, India, where he and Mrs.

Scudder have been faithfully laboring "The REVIEW* is* an* inspiration to for forty-five years. Though they have reached the age of retirement us; we couldn't live without it, so to Dr. Scudder has been requested to re- speak." MRS. EMMA BARR. main at Vellore to help in the work as "Let me co'"ngr'"atu'"late you most time and strength permit.

heartily upon the wonderful wrork Dr. W. O. L*ewi'"s, f*ormerly profesthat you are doing in connection with THE REVIEW. It is one of the best sor in William Kewell College and missionary magazines that I know." since 1922 special representative of the American Baptist Foreign Mis- WATCYN M. PRICE, Orga11Jking sion Society in Europe, has recently and Travelling Secretary, Pres- returned to America to confer with byterian Church of Wales. the Board on European problems.

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PANTHEON OF STRANGE GODS AT PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL

The Missionary Museum at Princeton Includes a valuable library of bo()ks on non-Christian religions ; fetishes, idols and other objects of worship used in many lands; maps, charts and other object lessons that visualize the various religions. This library and museum has been collected through the efforts of Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. whose descriptive article appears on page 173.

NARY

REVIB OR'LD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FOUR APRIL, 1934 Topics of the Times THE TRIAL AND ERROR METHOD IN tives. Hundreds of missionaries-like Goodell of MISSIONS Turkey, Mary Slessor and David Livingstone of Men and women who make no mistakes, make Africa, Fidelia Fiske of Persia, Carey and Cham- nothing-and that is a mistake. Missionaries are berlain of India, Judson of Burma, Eliza Agnew not perfect; they are not exempt from liability to of Ceylon, Underwood of Korea, Hudson Taylor of China, John G. Paton of the New Hebrides, error. Some have evidently mistaken tbeir call- Jackson of Alaska, Verbeck of Japan, and counting; some have mistaken their message; others mistake the main missionary objective; they have less others-show the character and ability of the mistaken the true marks of success and the Power men and women who have responded to the mis- sionary call. on which it depends. Mission Boards and executives also make mis- Spirit-filled missionaries and work accepted by God have not been found only in one nation, or takes-including the mistake of neglecting to ac- denomination, or in any particular type of organknowledge and correct errors they may have made. ization. They have been and are British, Con- In the appointment of some missionaries, in the tinental, American; they are found among Bapselection of executives, the best use of funds, in tists, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, methods adopted on the field, in the attitude of the independents. The same is true of converts and missions toward non-Christian religions, in the native Christian leaders. Nor has one method converts and in the development of the native proved to be effective to the exclusion of all others churches; in all of these mistakes have been made -educational, medical, preaching or the use of and they may as well be recognized and acknowl- literature-all have been used, when marked by edged. Unfriendly critics have discovered them faith and prayer and sacrifice, to prepare the way and published them abroad _ often generalizing and to produce the desired results. on them so as to convey the impression that the whole work is a mistake. But it is not. The value The "trial and error" method in Christian of Christian missions is incontrovertible as seen Mission work has been useful. We have learned in the history of Christian missions. The work by mistakes and may yet learn more in the same as a whole has been marked by loyalty to God and way. But this method is not the only way to reach to Christ and His message; by sacrificial devotion the ideal and is not always necessary· .for each to men's salvation and human progress; by sa- enterprise or for each generation. Experience is gacity in promoting the work; by economy in ex- a good teacher but we can learn by the mistakes penditures; by care in the selection of workers, of others if we will. We shall be saved from and in the winning of men and the training of countless and costly errors if we will study first converts. The history of missions in Africa and the will and plan of God as He has revealed it; in the South Seas, for example, has proved the and then if we will follow His way, without fear power of God to transform primitive savages into or faltering. How many mistakes have been due stalwart intelligent Christians. The results of to a tendency to copy human standards; to pride missions in India and China, in Japan and Korea in building up big organizations and institutions are seen not only in the growing Christian to the glory of men; to desire to appoint 'mission- Churches but in the permeation of national insti- aries and native workers who have intellectual tutions and ideals with Christian truth and mo- capacity and specialized training rather than with [163 ]

first emphasis on spiritual fitness? Has not money out of commission and an official estimate reported occupied too large a place in our presentation of over 2,000 deaths. The fact that the quake came the needs of the Kingdom of God? Have not de- in the early afternoon prevented a more widenominational riv~lries and personal opinions spread mortality. At Jamalpur, Bishop Westcott, hindered Christians from working together har- the Metropolitan of India, had a narrow escape moniously under the direction of the Holy Spirit? when the house where he had been staying col- Separatist and reform movements that have be- lapsed a few moments after he had made a hasty gun with a desire to follow Christ more closely exit. The town of Monghyr, on the Ganges, is in have usually developed into new sects that divide ruins and English Baptist property was destroyed. the followers and the forces of Christ. Relief has been sent to the sufferers and mis- Today while efforts are being made to unite sion school pupils have been taken to Gonda, more closely the various members of the Presby- Arrah and Patna – which also suffered damage. terian body others are endeavoring to separate During the night after the earthquake the Mohamthem. A recent protest has come from some forty medans could be heard reciting their prayers and leaders in the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., the Hindus, shouting "Ram, Ram, Sita Ram." against another movement to divide the mission- Miss J. M. Smith, principal of the Methodist Girls' ary forces. These leaders express their confidence School at Muzaffarpur, writes: "More than ever in loyalty of the Board of Foreign Missions to we feel our responsibility for giving these people Christ and His teachings, their belief in the ability the Gospel of Christ." The Christian Indians and devotion of the missionaries and they testify showed their character in the midst of danger. to the spiritual effectiveness of the work under the "The Lord was not in the earthquake," quotes N. direction of the Board as they have seen it. K. Mukerjee, President of the Indian Christian Association of the United Provinces, but is made A further division in the loyal forces of the known in "the still small voice," and is ever speak- Church is to be deprecated. We believe that it ing to man through His Son Jesus Christ. can be avoided. A definite reaffirmation of loyalty to Christ and of faith in the Bible as the Word of Other news of distress comes from the United God; acceptance of the Board's clear statement Provinces where plague is working havoc, and that the primary object of Christian missions is 1,200 are reported to have died in a few days. to win men to Christ; a removal of any workers With the widespread bathing in insanitary public at home or abroad who do not accept this clear pools and sacred rivers full of sewage, and with statement; a cultivation of the spirit of prayer such disregard for laws of health in living conand dependence on the Holy Spirit in all mission ditions and in care of the sick, the only wonder is work, and a determination to heal breaches and that epidemics are not more prevalent and disto work together in the spirit of Christian love and astrous. loyalty will do much to unite Christ's followers under His leadership. Since no human interpreter Mr. N. K. Mukerjee, in commenting on the is infallible, why should any man or woman as- earthquake, says in The Indian Witness: sume the office of a spiritual interpreter or dictator? "None is good-perfectly good and infal- There is more power in the Divine Voice than in nalible-but One, that is God." "We must all stand ture's mightiest efforts. And as the Lord's absence from before the judgment seat of Christ." the most potent forces of nature (wind, earthquake, fire) was a warning to Elijah not to identify Jehovah exclu- EARTHQUAKE AND PLAGUE IN INDIA sively with these natural phenomena which were but tran- sient vehicles of his self-revelation, so to every age comes On January 15 a destructive earthquake oc- the message that the Lord is to be known fully and comcurred in northeast India, extending from Luck- pletely only when He speaks to man in the person of His now nearly to Darjeeling. The province of Behar, Son: the Living Word. northeast of the United Provinces and bordering on the Himalaya Mountains, suffered most. Many The wind, and the earthquake, and the fire at times but Christian schools and evangelistic centers were harden the heart. The message of the wind and the earthaffected, among them those of the Methodist Epis- quake and the fire can be resisted, but who can resist the copal Church, the English Baptists, Church Mis- "still small voice," the voice of the loving heavenly Father? sionary Society, London Missionary Society, Regions Beyond, and other organi~ations. In Muzaf- CAN TURKS BE CHRISTIANS? farpur, one of the cities where there was great damage and loss of life, the school buildings, the The Aksham, a daily paper published in Istannew church and some bungalows of the Methodist bul, gives a translation of an article on "Chris- Episcopal Mission were wrecked. The city was a tian Turks -in Rumania," written by a former heap of ruins, sanitary arrangements were put Ottoman Senator, Batsarya Efendi. It originally appeared in the Bucharest daily Adeverul, and was considered of enough significance to be copied entire in the Turkish paper. The article, trans- lated, reads as follows: The name "Christian Turks" should not seem strange. We must separate religion from race in this matter. For

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

instance, when we say Rumanian, we give this term a many tribes of Turks who, before the advent of racial significance. The same sort of meaning should be Islam, were Christians and who persisted in their given to the term Turk. This word is not the name of a Christianity even after some had become Mosreligion, but is restricted to mean simply a nationality. lems. These Christians were regarded as good Just as essentially there is no Rumanian religion, so there Turks nevertheless. is no Turkish religion. The majority of the Turks have accepted the Moslem faith; but not all Turks are Mos- The quoted article has made no little impression lems. Some of them have become Christians, or have con- in Istanbul circles, showing that there are Turks tinued to preserve their Christian religion. today in Rumania who are not given the chance Today there are Buddhist Turks, and there are also the so-called Jeraim or Jewish Turks. :But the Christian by the Rumanian Government to have their own Turks are naturally, after the Moslem Turks, the most schools to cultivate the use of the Turkish langim,portant. These Christian Turks are of the Orthodox uage and culture. Every attempt to show that Church and were once more numerous, but a large num- one can be a Christian and still be a good Turk ber have been assimilated by the nationalities among whom they lived. In the centuries when the princip.le of na- is so much to the advantage of those who are now tionality was neglected, and, the matter of religion consti- coming out of Islam and are suffering bitter pertuted the most important distinction between peoples, the secution, in spite of the Turkish law allowing matter of assimilation was important, especially in Turk- freedom to all religions. Practically the only freeish countries. It is true the Moslem Turks, or more exactly dom not allowed seems to be to turn from Islam the Turkish nation, did not consider the Turkish Chris- tians as fellow countrymen. The Christian Turks, even to Christ.

though they were of the same stock, and their mother tongue was the Turkish language, were regarded as MISSIONARIES UNDER ATTACK Greeks or as Bulgarians simply because they were not Moslems. In the schools of these Turks, the teaching was The recent attacks on missionaries in" Egypt in Greek or in Bulgarian. The Turkish Government never thought of the fact that instruction ought to be in their have raised the question as to how far Christians own mother tongue. On the contrary, those whose only should yield ground to opponents of the Gospel. bond with the Moslem Turks was their religion, were reckoned as being Turks. What kept the Christian Turks In Egypt the general opposition to Christian mis- from separating from the others was the fact that neither sions has been greatly accentuated by the unwise among themselves nor by others were they called acts of one independent Swedish Mission in deal- Turks….. . in with a Moslem girl-as described in our Sep- tember number. This led to such extreme false The presence of these Christian Turks, whose national- statements in the public press that bitter hostility istic consciousness and conscience has begun to waken, is a matter that interests the Rumanian Government, and raises the question of the recognition of their cultural and was aroused and led to a demand that all Chrisnational rights. These Christian Turks have the right to tian propaganda be prohibited by the Government. learn their mother tongue in their schools and to use it The newspaper attacks call "evangelism worse in the religious rites in their churches….. . than the white slave traffic" and include charges that missionaries are agents of imperialistic gov- Today the Gagautzis (or Christian Turks in Bulgaria) living in Dobrudja and Bessarabia are under the control and influence of either the Greek or the Bulgarian Church; ernments and that they have endeavored to bring that is, they are reckoned part as Greeks and part as about conversion of youth to Christianity by beat- Bulgarians. But in reality these are Turks, only that ing, by bribery and by misrepresentations; by their religion is Christian. The Christian Turks have the taking advantage of sickness, poverty and ignosame right as other national minorities to organize their own schools. rance; by threats of eternal punishment and even This is a significant argument, for one greAt by hypnotism and immorality. Politics became stumblingblock which has prevented Turks from involved with fanaticism and falsehoods so that acknowledging allegiance to Jesus Christ is the even the Shiekh el Azhar and the Government feeling that to turn from Islam to Christianity is were attacked, because of their inaction, as indif- ferent, incompetent or partners in crime. A deunpatriotic and is a disgrace. Many Turks feel mand was made to close all mission schools and that death is the only sqitable penalty for such to prohibit Christian teaching in hospitals. The treachery. A father recently said that if his Coptic "Society of Sincerity" also expressed a daughter became a Christian, he should feel it his desire to cooperate with Moslems in their opposiduty to kill her for having thus disgraced his tion to evangelical missions. Government censorfamily. A man may be a notoriously wicked char- ship of all Christian books brought into Egypt acter, a thief or even a murderer, but if he is a is urged. good Moslem it is overlooked; but when he be- comes a Christian, he is considered worse than As a result of this agitation the Protestant mis- a dog. For this reason it is encouraging to see sions in Egypt have issued statements denying steps toward persuading people that a man may coercion and bribery and condemning any unfair be a loyal Turk and be a Christian also. Recently methods of attempting to win Moslems to Christ.

there appeared a book by a well-known and re- The Egypt Inter-Mission Council has adopted a spected Turkish scholar, giving the history of statement of policy in mission work, agreeing to

certain regulations and restrictions. This state- sonal character, in righteousness, in loving human ment of policy includes: relationships, in reverence to God and in obedience 1. Disapproval of all use of coercion, material induce- to Him.

ments, use of n1rcotics or hypnotism, fraud and misrepre- MISSIONS IN VACATION LAND sentation as methods of winning converts and as utterly abhorrent to Christian teaching and principles. Christian missionary-minded women have 2. An agreement that it would be advisable if every shown marked efficiency in carrying through the proposed change of religion could be submitted to ad- program of the fifth session of the Florida Chain ministrative authorities, the convert be heard, and op- of Missionary ~ssemblies, in twelve centers, Janportunity be given to dissuade the person concerned, with- out undue pressure. uary 20th to February 15th. The attendance was 3. A proposal that boys and girls should not be baptized large and the program strong. The theme was without the parents' consent, and not be permitted publicly "Christian Discipleship in a New Age," and the to indicate a change of faith until they have reached ma- addresses and discussions, led by a group of repturity. Parental authority is upheld. resentative "Christian w 0 rId ambassadors"

4. Disapproval of all abusive reference to the religious beliefs of others, or scornful treatment of what is held touched many fields of missionary activity at home sacred. and abroad.

5. Agreement that, so far as is possible, none shall be Miss Gertrude Schultz, one of the speakers and admitted to mission schools, hospitals, welfare centers or a Home Base secretary of the Presbyterian Board other institutions without knowing these are Christian of Foreign Missions, says: enterprises.

6. Disclaiming any desire for special privileges for To my mind these Missionary Assemblies represent the Christian institutions and expressing a purpose to sub- finest example of Christian cooperation and fellowship in mit to Governmental regulations which shall be impar- the great world-wide missionary work of the whole tially applied to similar institutions of all faiths, Mos- Church. Through this cooperation it was possible to make lem or Christian. an impression on the whole community. An even greater value is the deepening of the spiritual life of the com- 7. Belief in the right of free speech and a readiness to munity and the arousing of many indifferent people to a cooperate with the Government in maintenance of regula- new appreciation of spiritual values. Another value was tions governing religious propaganda, even notifying" the the information given about the missionary enterprise and Government of the proposed itineraries of missionaries the work carried on in various countries. It presented a and of meetings held outside of premises controlled by demonstration of the fact that people are interested in Christians.

This is going a long ways to meet the objections the deeper things because the crowds came morning, noon of the opponents of Christian missions. It will and night to listen to straight missionary mess~ges.

Another value came from the number of women put to be difficult to carry out these policies fully and it work. In each place a very large committee and many would be impractical to bring every convert be- younger women were drawn into service who heretofore fore some administrative authority with repre- have not had a very vital interest in the missionary entersentatives of both sides present "to argue the prise. case." While Christians have no desire to exercise any undue pressue to persuade others to ac- The secret of the success of these meetings was the prayer preparation and the prayer during the Assemblies. Each member of the faculty was given a prayer partner cept· Christ, and should not observe secrecy in for each place where the Assembly met. This meant that their work, and while they fear no fair arguments, each one had at least fourteen men and women who were it is difficult to see how St. Paul and the early remembering us daily in prayer long before the Assembly Christians could have carried on their work of started and continuing through the whole month of meet- ings. It was a wonderful experience to feel the backing witnessing if, before any voluntary convert could a'nd strength which came from this united and constant be baptized, he or she must have been brought circle of prayer.

before a court and the arguments presented to In each center the speakers were guided to their win a verdict. appointments by hosts and hostesses and each day After all it is the business of all Christians, by after a special period of spiritual fellowship the word of mouth and by a life of loving service, members of the team went out to fill their engage- openly to bear witness to Christ as the true revela- ments. An address of Dr. E. Stanley Jones on tion of God and the only divine Saviour and Lord. "The Spirit and Aim of Christian Missions"

It is the business of non-Christians to decide for brought together 5,000 people in one place.

themselves whether they will accept or reject The success of these Floriga Assemblies seems Him, and whether or not they will openly confess to be due largely to the thorough, prayerful prep- Him before men and follow His Way of Life. aration made, and the earnest purpose of the Schools, hospitals, social service, statistics, church speakers to reveal the need of all men for Christ organizations and even baptisms are secondary and to witness to the power of God where the Gos- matters. The one thing of vital importance is pel is faithfully preached. Controversial topics such a personal relation to God through Jesus which separate Christians were avoided and those Christ that new life has been imparted to the be- were stressed which unite the followers of Christ liever-eternal life-which is manifested in per- in loyal obedience to His leadership.

Approach to Non–Christians *

By the REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., of India Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church,. Author of "The Christ of Every Road," etc., etc.

MISSIONARIES are often accused of being Touch the East anywhere and you come out ruthless iconoclasts, walking across the finally at the demand for freedom. We who are susceptibilities of non-Christian people, cradled in liberty can scarcely deny that right to paying little attention to their cultures, to the de- other people.

posit of truth in their ancient religions,' and to Therefore the Gospel, as it comes to the East, the development of their national genius. There must come related to the growing nationalist may be some truth in that contention. We have movement and the growing demand that they be ofttimes been careless; sometimes ruthless; masters in their own house. Our Gospel must again and again we have been blundering in our not seem foreign; it must not cut across that approach to the nations of the East. growing demand; it must stand in the midst to We must take counsel to see whether or not we evangelize these movements that are sweeping are really effectively approaching the nations of across the East. We must put the Gospel at the the East with our Gospel. How shall we ap- heart of these growing movements to guide, conproach the awakened East, the most changing trol and direct them into the proper channels. portion of this globe? Once on a ship, going The second thing that rises out of the welter of around India, I noticed every morning that the things in the East is the impact of Western civilbarometer pointed to change. About the third ization. We might call it the impact of modern, morning, I asked the captain: . scientific attitudes upon the ancient cultures of "Doesn't that barometer ever point to anything the East. It is producing change, upset, skeptibut change?" cism in an amazing way in India. During the past "No," he replied, "because it is out of order." year I found more skepticism there than I had in Any barometer that points to change in the East my previous twenty-six years in that land. A is in order at the present time. young student said to me: Out of the welter of things that are taking place today, at least three compel our attention: "Here we stand; in one hand we have a set of books, Gandhi and Tolstoi; in the other hand we First, the rise of a national demand for free- have Lenin and Marx. We do not know which dom. For centuries the East was asleep; now it way to go, whether the violent, irreligious way is awake from one end to the other, the whole of Marx, or the nonviolent religious way of thing surging with a sense of new national des- Gandhi and Tolstoi." tiny and demand for freedom. A man with the marks of their god, Siva, upon In Benares, there is a new object of worship. his brow, said to me: The relief map of India, the Mother Land, is a "I do not believe in God; the sooner we get rid new object of worship. In the Philippine Islands, a little boy was taking an examination and had to of the idea of God in India the better; religion describe the cow. He did so in the following has held us back."

terms: "I don't know which to believe," I replied; the "A cow is an animal that stands upon four legs, words of your mouth or the marks on your fore- head; they seem to speak contradictory things." fastened at the four corners. A cow gives milk, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death." "You- can't tell by the marks on a man's brow The little fellow expressed a desire that is surg- as to what he is thinking in India today," he said. ing through the East. Start anywhere and you "We are just waiting for Gandhi to play out and then what I represent begins." meet the demand for freedom. A nationalist – "What do you represent?" I asked. leader said to me, "We know why you missionaries are here. If "I represent communism," said he. you start at the binomial theory, you end up at Here was a man with all the ancient marks of orthodoxy upon his brow and yet back in his mind conversion." were the newest and most radical theories of so- • An address given at the United Missionary Meetings in New cial change. York City, October 30, 1933.

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The third thing that we see in the changing in solitude, with a disciplined spiritual life. It is East is the fact that India wants God. It seems based on a doctrine of fellowship, simplicity and contradictory to the things I have just said, but a corporate quest. We Christians have taken this in spite of the skepticism there is an undertone idea, but at its heart we have put Christ. It has of spiritual hunger for God. It is not a skepti- the idea of monastery, and yet it is not; it is a cism that glories, but a skepticism that is lonely retreat and yet it is not. The ashram is some- because the Great Companion is dead. India is thing with an Indian flavor of peace, calm, poise the most God-thirsty nation upon earth. The peo- and spiritual quest. We have a beautiful hill sta- ple have yearned for God for release. The old tion in the Himalayas, five thousand feet high; India felt that she had to come back for rebirth an estate which I believe was given us by the love after rebirth, eighty-two millions of times. If of God. It has three hundred acres; numbers of one had to do this his spirit would grow weary cottages are scattered across the estate, and there and paralyzed at the appalling number of re- is a centralized bungalow in which we have the births, so religion asked for release. Today, how- ashram. It includes a lake and borders upon two ever, India wants God, not so much for release, other lakes. When the plains are boiling with the as she wants God for reconstruction; for remak- heat, we go aside into this corporate spiritual ing her land; to give inward nerve; dynamic quest. Our purpose is to do two things: first, unselfishness; dependableness of character; some develop the Christian spirit; second, to yoke that power by which to live, not by which to escape with the Indian spirit, so that the coming to- life. gether of the Christian spirit and the Indian The Maharajah of Baroda gave an address at spirit may produce something living, indigenous, Chicago recently in the Parliament of Religions. and not second hand; something truly Indian but He used a phrase which I recognized as a phrase redeemed with the love and power of Christ. So I used in a meeting in India at which he was pres- we live in Indian style and wear Indian clothes, ent. "Religion is a cry for life," he said. In because we want to identify ourselves with the ancient Hindu religion was a cry to escape, to be Indians. We wear khaddar, the Indian home- released. Now it is a cry for life. The Mahara- spun, the sign of the nationalist, although we are jah pad caught the idea. Religion is a cry for not politicians.

life, inner life to match the outer demand, outer The first motto on the wall as you go into the circumstances that one meets every day. India ashram is this: needs God and wants God for the reconstruction "Leave behind all race and class distinctions, of her land. ye who enter here."

Anyone who goes to India with the Gospel must We literally do that. We lay aside all titles.

relate himself to those three great facts in India's There are no doctors, no professors,. no bishops, life. but just people. We are Brother Stanley, Brother Some time ago, in thinking about my own ap- Mohan, Sister Lela and so on.

proach to the East, I found that we must have A second motto on the wall expresses the purthree things to meet these three great demands. pose of the ashram: First, we could not go to India unless we were "Here we enter a fellowship, sometimes we will quite sure of God for ourselves. No man dare go agree to differ, always we will resolve to love and with a mere doctrine about God; he must go to unite to serve." India with God as a living fact, or else fail. We The third motto is: must go aside in a spiritual quest to be sure that "There is no religion or philosophy possible we have a working fact of God in our own lives, where fear of consequences is a greater incentive in order that we may not be fussy purveyors of than love of truth."

professional truth. We must be brother men, So we have a passionate devotion t.o reality, to sharing what we have found as a living, redemp- see where we come out in following truth.

tive power in life. We live a disciplined life. We rise at 5 o'clock Our Christian Ashram in the morning and go out to the prayer knoll to spend an hour in corporate silence; opening with Nine months of the year in India I spend in a hymn and closing with a hymn. Between these evangelistic work; two and one-half months I go we are in corporate silence, waiting for the com- aside with a group, in what we call an ashram in ing of the dawn. God comes across the silences the Himalaya Mountains. There we try to find a in this corporate, silent fellowship. At the close fellowship with each other and redemptive fel- of the hour we march back to the ashram, sing- lowship with God. An ashram is an ancient In- ing a processional hymn, telling how we come out dian ideal, come down through the centuries, of the prayer hour into the day with God. Then where religious teachers would go aside and live we have our morning tea, bread and butter.

OUR APPROACH TO NON-CHRISTIANS

After that we have our work-period, where a free churchman the next. The beautiful thing everybody is assigned something to do with his is, that the high churchman both takes it from us hands. In India, it is not considered respectable and gives it to us. The Quaker is there too. All to work with the hands; no gentleman ever does types and kinds are there in that amazing com- it; that's the reason why we do it! Everybody is munion. At the close we bare our hearts to each assigned a job, no matter who he is. My par- other in a round table conference. Thus we go ticular job was to bring wood from the forest. A through the week.

sirami and I used to do it and I learned to do it We live in extreme simplicity. We have found his way, that is, to carry the wood in on my head. that there are two possible ways of being rich; There were compensations in it; it makes you you can be rich in the abundance of your posses- straight; if you bend your head the load will sions, or in the fewness of your wants. We de- break your neck, so the burden straightens one! cided we would be rich in the fewness of our At the close of that period, we have three hours wants, so we live on about a rupee (thirty cents) of group thinking. Every year we study a sub- a day. There are about thirty-five of us, with ject together. We try to interpret Christianity others coming and going all the time. These through Indian forms and expressions, so they thirty-five are the central nucleus. People are feel it is something that appeals directly to their being transformed there. We try to produce a own hearts. We invite people from all over India miniature Kingdom of God in our relationship to bring up papers; they are read to us as a with each other. That is the first approach we group and then they are published as an ashram have to India by way of God; we must be sure volume. I haven't time to go through the entire that we have something adequate for our own day, but we end at eventide with a lakeside serv- lives. The second approach is a step beyond.

ice, where in quietness we bare our own spiritual The intellectual climate has changed in India. It needs, and in the quietness of that evening hour, has changed from tradition to the attitude of many a life is transformed and made new. looking to the facts; the scientific attitude to- One day a week we keep entire silence. The ward life. In this impact of Western knowledge first year we didn't do that and hqw we survived there has come a d~cay of the reality of religion I am not quite sure. It is a great sense of relief in many minds. Religion must .rehabilitate itself to have one day with yourself and God; to walk in the midst of these fresh currents; it must among people and know that not one single prob- verify itself in the changed atmosphere. Once we lem will be raised, not one question asked. Prac- thought that science and religion were in conflict; tically all of us consolidate our spiritual gains by the situation is clearer now. Today we see, I going into the forest and spending the day in think, some things that we have not seen before.

meditation and prayer. At meal time, we have Science has its province; religion has its prov- some one read to us; without that the silence ince; science is interested in the quantitive as- would be too terrible! One day a week we give pects of life; religion is interested in the qualita- the few servants a holiday and we volunteer to tive aspects. Science has reference to that which take their places. The cook's work is fairly re- can be weighed and measured; religion has ref- spectable, so it is not difficult to get cooks, but the erence to that which can be evaluated. Science sweeper is the scavenger, and the cleaning of the would come to the poetry of Milton and would night soil devolves on the outcast; he has to pay pick out the physical structure of his s~ntences.

the penalty for that necessary work. We felt that Having done so, has it given 'an adequate inter- we had no right to exact that work from the pretation of the poetry of Milton? Religion in- sweeper unless we ourselves were willing to un- terprets the ideas that use the structure of the dertake to do it. But that is not an easy thing to sentence. It takes both science and religion to do, especially when we have high cast Indians give a complete answer to the poetry of Milton.

among us, some of them Hindus. It is not easy Experiments in Religion either for the white Brahmans of the West or the brown Brahmans of India. But both do it with Someone has given as a definition of a violin a sense of elation and joy. However, I noticed solo-not very elegant, but scientific perhaps. It one Brahman convert hesitating and I said, is "the scraping of a horse's tail across the guts "When are you going to volunteer?" He replied, of a dead cat." That is true as far as it goes, but "Brother Stanley, I am converted, but I am not who would say it is an adequate definition of a converted that far." Most of our conversions are violin solo? The violin soloist would say there is only relative! something else there-ideas, emotions, thoughts, On Sunday morning we have communion to- pUlsating and beating through this physical struc- gether, a high churchman gives it one Sunday and ture and using it for a purpose. It takes both

answers to give an adequate answer to what a conference. As men and women unfold what He violin solo is. is doing for them, it seemed that they were find- The situation is clearer between science and re- ing something that other people, not in fellowship ligion now. Each has its province. But some of with Him, were not finding. In other words, here us are not content with that, for it ends up in a was something that was producing effects in hu- multiverse rather than a universe. We wonder man lives, closely akin to what we call salvation, if science and religion can not contribute to each redemption, lifting into a new life, giving of other. Religion can give something to science- power by which to live, hope in the midst of hope- a new spirit, unselfishness, a new instinct for lessness, new nerve to people who have lost their brotherhood. On the other hand, science can give way to live. I watched Christ rise up and take to religion her. method of experimentation. Re- command of every situation because of what was ligion can take some of the spirit of science in her being produced in human life.

quest after the Divine. So we, in round table If I did not know that Jesus had said, "I am conferences, ask about twenty-five or thirty of the the way," I would certainly know it from what leading men of all faiths to come together to face happened at those round table conferences. If I religion in a new way. We have about an equal were a visitor from Mars, sitting at the round number of Christians and non-Christians; in table and heard men speak, I would say, "Who is fact, we have more non-Christians than Chris- this Jesus who seems to do something for people tians, because we don't want them to feel we have that no one else is doing?" He calls forth a packed the meeting. We suggest to the group loyalty, devotion, response that is amazing. There that we have had the dogmatic, the competitive, is something working at life redemptively. Everythe controversial attitudes toward religion; isn't body who comes into the meetings recognizes this it possible we might have an approach more akin fact, though they interpret it in different ways. to the method of science. In the scientific atti- Walking home with a Mohammedan one day, he tude there are three things: experimentation, said to me: "The Mohammedans and Hindus must have verification and sharing of verifications. I suggest we apply those three things. Here been more honest and sincere in that meeting towe are, a group of people experimenting with re- night than you Christians." ligion, using it as a working way to live. As we "That is interesting," I replied; "but I don't have experimented, has God become to us a new understand what you mean." power by which to live? What does religion do "Well," he said, "all of us acknowledged that we had found nothing, and all of you Christians in experience? Will you share your verifications? said you had found something, therefore we must We suggest that no one argue, no one try to'make have been more honest and sincere than you." a case, but that we simply share what religion is doing for us in actual experience. We go around I replied that that was one way of interpreting the circle and each one lays on the table what re- it, but there is another interpretation and that is ligion means or does not mean to him. I would this: Jesus is the way! I believe that He is, and not have believed that the leading men of the East say it, not dogmatically, but out of the facts. would open their hearts in this way if I had not Science goes into the laboratory, puts together cer- tain things and gets certain results. I watch peotried it one day on the spur of the moment, and ple put together certain things – Jesus Christ, it worked. Leading officials, business men, edu- personal surrender, trust, obedience; and to the cators and sometimes rulers will bare their hearts degree they do that there emerges a higher type and tell what religion does or does not mean to of human living, a more victorious type. But I them in experience. I have looked into the souls find no other system producing victorious human of these people in this particular kind of confer- living. Skepticism doesn't. It has no song in its ence for years in a sympathetic way. Surely in heart. those years, certain things will write something In Latin America some years ago, I was speakupon one's heart. ing one day to teachers of Santiago, Chile. After- The Supremacy of Christ wards, the Latin-American head teacher, a bril- liant woman,_but skeptical, turned to me and said, What is the result of it all? I may be con- "Do you know why we come to listen to what you sidered dogmatic perhaps, yet I do not believe have to say? You have a song in your heart; that it is dogmatism; it is actual concrete fact. Latin-America dearly loves music." The world As I have sat day after day listening with sym- wants music and I do not know how to find it pathy and prayer, something has written itself except in ·Jesus Christ."

upon my mind. It is just this: I watch Jesus rise In the Straits Settlements, in a meeting with in supremacy in the midst of every round table the Chinese, as we went around the circle, it came

the turn of a Chinese teacher to tell what religion ginning of this work, a verse was given to me: was doing for him. He said: "Be not anxious what you shall speak; for it is "Some time ago I wrote in my New Testament not you who speak, but the spirit of your' Father these words at the top, 'It works!' with an ex- which speaketh in you." I cannot remember any clamation point. Under it I wrote these words: situation in these meetings where this was not 'You ask me for a definition or an explanation and proved true. There were some close calls! A I may not be able to give it, but this I know, my man got up one day and said, "Can you put your religion works! I put it under life, it learns to finger on a verse where Jesus says that he is the live; I put it under sorrow, it learns to sing. son of God? Please give me the chapter and Thank God, it works !' " verse." I had a hazy notion where one could be I believe this is true. To the degree that we found, but I didn't know exactly where; I threw work it, Christian faith works. I said that to a open my New Testament with a prayer, and the very modern young woman in California a few first verses my eyes fell on were those where weeks ago and she replied: Jesus met the man who had been born blind, and "But you don't know how skepticism has eaten He had healed him. Jesus asked, "Dost thou be- into my heart and spirit; I believe in nothing; I lieve on the Son of God?" And the man said, can't grasp a thing." "WJ:l.O is he Lord, that I might believe on him?"

"You try it," I answered, "if it doesn't work for Jesus replied, "Thou hast both seen him and it is you, don't take it." he that speaketh unto thee."

She walked out, saying that she would try it. I inwardly gasped, and then read it off as A few hours later a message came from her say- though I had known all about it all the time! I ing: "Tell Dr. Jones 'it works.''' It does. thanked God for the quiet little miracle! I believe I believe that second approach is sound. We in an untrammeled God. We allow the people to feel in approaching the East through the round ask questions and sometimes they ask until we table conferences we are using a scientific method are exhausted. We run our meetings, not by the and that here real Christianity comes to its own. hourglass but by the heartbeat; we go on until The third way of our approach to the East is a we are exhausted. Sometimes the meetings are full of tension, but never do they leave bad blood. method based on the other two. We would not I have never had a disturbance of any kind. The dare go the third step unless we were willing to whole situation is surging with national excitego the first two. We must be quite sure of our ment; the whole of India is seemingly sitting on own spiritual lives and then we must be willing the lid of a volcano, and yet there has never been to put that down along side of other people's way a disturbance of any kind in my meetings-except of life, to test it out there. After doing the first one night. That night the Nationalists saw the two, we are now prepared for the third-public Government officials come and they surrounded announcement of assured results. We are now the meeting and yelled their national yells for prepared to preach, since we ourselves have been three-quarters of an hour. I asked my audience experimenting and have found something. Our if I should go on. They asked me to do so. I third approach is through the public meeting. preached the Gospel of brotherhood and goodwill We have non-Christian chairmen, some of them while the storm was raging. It was a good time very able men; some of them are highly cultured to preach it! When the Nationalists heard what kind of a meeting we were having they apologized men; most all of them both, but some of them and said, "We will come in ourselves." The last you would not have in your evangelistic meetings night one of them arose and read a paper thankat the home base! We allow the chairman to say ing me for what I had been saying to them about anything he wishes. He has a right to negative Jesus. practically everything I say, if he wishes to do it. I feel that if the Gospel cannot stand this, it is ANew Day in India weak. If someone's words can cut under and de- stroy and break it, then the Gospel has not much This is a new day in India as far as the acceptreality. . ance of Jesus is concerned. The people deeply At the close of the meeting we always allow reject many things in Western civilization; they the audience to ask questions. The Indian mind is are embittered against Western products and as good as yours; they love argument; they are forms, yet all the time there is a slow permeation keen minded and philosophical. Moreover, we and saturation of Jesus in the situation. He is have from twenty-five to one hundred or two hun- rising to dominance, changing the outlook, the dred lawyers at each of these meetings and to ex- spirit and the mentality of non-Christians.

pose one's self to these questions to be answered Canon Holland one day said to me, "I can't help without hesitation on the spur of the moment, is but contrast this series of meetings with the series to expose one's self to disaster. But in the be- I arranged for John R. Mott twenty-five years ago.

He spoke to that audience for three nights and youth with Christ's hands on his shoulder; Christ dared not mention the name of Jesus Christ until with His other hand was pointing toward somethe fourth night, and when he did the whole meet- thing that seemed to challenge them. I asked the ing broke up in confusion; the leading Hindus young men to feel His hand upon their shoulder stalked out. The name of Jesus Christ stood for and follow Him. At the close, a young man came everything that they hated. Now you begin the to me, dressed in the purest khaddar, the sign of a name of Christ from your first word; you inter- Nationalist, and said, "This morning I was down pret Him for them in the light of their need; they there at the docks crying, "Simon go back," but sit here night after night and want more of it; I tonight I feel Christ's hand upon my shoulder; I am astonished at the difference." hear Him saying to me, 'Come forward with me,' and I come." We have tried then to approach the East first, through our personal fellowship; second, through We hope that some day we will be more Christhe round table; and third, through an open and tian; we hope that we can Christianize the confrank declaration of Jesus Christ as the Saviour tacts with the East better than we are doing. In of men. We believe that we face in India today the meantime, Jesus Christ is penetrating India, the gravest situation we have ever faced. They penetrating into the soul of the East. What do are deeply embittered against the West, but they we ask, then, of you. Give us your intelligent, are more and more turning to Jesus Christ. I spiritual backing; give us a far finer type of was in Bombay when the Simon Commission Christianity. If you will give us this backing for landed. This was an all-white commission, come the next ten, fifteen or twenty years, I believe to decide the political destiny of India. The In- that we shall see some of the greatest conquests dians deeply resented this, feeling their destiny the Christian Church has yet experienced. was to be decided by white people. So when the Commission landed in Bombay, they were met At the close of one of my meetings, the Hindu at the docks by a chant of the crowds which said, chairman said: "If what the speaker has said to- "Simon go back!" "Simon go back!" It was the night is not true; it doesn't matter; but if it is revolt of the East against the dominance of the true, I tell you nothing else matters." If the Gos- West. We wondered if we could have a meeting pel of Jesus Christ is not true, the sooner we get that night since processions were going up and rid of it the better; but if it is true, then nothing down the streets with black banners. But our else matters. We ought to have a Christianity at crowds came; they were not only there, but it was the home base that is taken as seriously as the the same eager crowds as before. When, at the communist takes his communism. The hour has close of my talk, I described a picture I had seen come when the Christian Church must give a more that night on my way to church-a picture of a complete surrender to Jesus Christ or must sur- render Him entirely. We cannot ,give Him up I True and False Religion From Dnyanodaya, Poona, India DR. OTTO, at the Jerusalem Missionary Con- point out that Jesus not only helps men by the ex- ference, said: "I went out to India with the ample which makes Him unique, but also by His idea that Christ was the prolongation of redeeming Cross which gives Him a place all His other truths but not essentially different. I have own in dealing with the problem of the world's sin. come back convinced that in Christ we have not merely prolongation of other truths, but differ- There is a growing feeling among missionaries ence in quantity is so great that it amounts to a and the Christian Church in the East that Chrisdifference in quality. He is not merely the More; tian people should not join hands with those of He is the Other." Jesus Himself gathered up other religions in fighting secularism and skepfrom the Hebrew past all that was noble and beau- ticism. We can help to overcome the secularistic tiful and then He showed wherein the past had ideal by cooperating with other religions in confailed. Too often we have wounded the sensitive fronting secularism by the spiritual interpreta- East because we have reversed the Master's order tion of life, but danger arises when the assumpof thought and action. Like Jesus and His apostles tion is made that any religion is better than no we need first to establish our point of religious religion at all. In the name of religion some of contact with our hearers, basing our teaching as the most terrible things have been done. Jesus much as possible on what the people have known, Himself declared the Temple must be destroyed, and pass on to what is new and helpful. If we since it had come to shelter within its ancient adopt this method we shall inevitably be led to walls a false religion that lay heavy burdens on helpless people. A Museum of Objects and Methods of Worship at Princeton By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Author of "Across the World of Islam"

ORIGINALLY museums were thought of as stated by a representative of the rationalist and storehouses for specimens and exhibits. evolutionary school. Revelation or evolution; God Today the educational function of a mu- or man; supernaturalism or naturalism. We need seum predominates and the curio type of collec- in the study of religions and of Christian missions tion is being replaced with to face this issue, and the material suitable for cultural deeper we explore the so-called and practical 1i n e s. The values of the non-Christian museum as an institution of religions the more we discover popular education is fully the bankruptcy of their sote- recognized by the atheist riology and ethics, and the propagandists of the Soviet hunger of the human heart Union. Anti-religious mu- for the living God.

seums, as well as traveling The inspiration to have a exhibits for anti-religious museum of the history of re- propaganda, are part of the ligion and of missions at communist program. The Princeton Theological Sem- largest of these museums is in inary came anew to me at the Leningrad, in what was for- time of a visit to the Univer- merly the great cathedral of sity of Marburg, Germany.

St. Isaac. The one in Moscow Since 1929 that University opened in November, 1929, owns a collection which is the was visited in one year by over basis for an Institute of Re- 200,000 people. Are c e n t ligious and Missionary Re- writer states: "There is no search. The founder was the doubt that of all the forms of Professor of Theology and anti-religious propaganda the Comparative Study of Reli- museums are the most effec- gions, Dr. Rudolf Otto. Under tive and convincing. They vis- the direction of Dr. Heinrich ualize the anti-religious mes- Frick the amount of material sage and seek to prove it by has grown to such proportions carefully and pointedly se- that the temporary rooms we lected facts and original evi- saw are no longer adequate.

dence." The present plan is to obtain Not only in Russia, but on the old Marburg castle for the the part of liberals in theology purpose. They have an ambi- the attack on religion and on tious program for religious man's need of a revelation is research, a study of the geo- in evidence. "Noone any graphical expansion of the various r~ligions, and correlonger believes," says Reinach, "that even quaternary man IMAGE OF KRISHNA WITH FOUR HANDS, WOR- spondence with missionaries SHIPPED ALL OVER INDIA AS ONE OF THE on the field for the solution was iwgenoardamntt.tofth reeliggriao· tnu;ttouuns- GREAT HINDU INCARNATIONS of living problems on the l ess OF DEITY and puerile hypothesis of a primitive revelation presentation of the Gospel to non-Christians.

we must seek the origin of religions in the psy- The Princeton Museum is more modest in its chology of man, not of civilized man, but of man ambitions and attainments. Our present collec- the farthest removed." That is the issue, clearly tion has found a place on the third floor of Stuart [173 ] Hall but has already outgrown its somewhat end of rosaries apparently began sometime after cramped quarters. The nucleus of a collection al- this rosary was made. It is an extremely ancient ready existed in gifts from the Seminary Alumni, type and probably came down in Gregory's family and no institution has a larger number of alumni from the time of the Crusades. With it is a scattered throughout the world in various mission leather case to enclose it when not in use. It has stations. Since 1818, when Henry Woodward, the Colonna, Gregory's family coat of arms, handthe first foreign missionary graduate went to somely embossed upon it. The use of a rosary Ceylon, down to the present, there have only been apparently had its origin in India among the Budthree classes in more than a century that have not dhists. It was taken up in Islam at the time of sent representatives to the foreign field. Today the Indian conquest, and, according to many, the we have a total of nearly six hundred graduates Crusaders brought the Rosary as an aid to worwho are foreign missionaries. The illustrations ship to the Western Church. that accompany this article give glimpses of the Museum. On a large central raised platform "From India we may trace the spread of the there is a collection of gods and goddesses which rosary to the Buddhists of Ceylon, Burma and face the visitor like a pantheon on entering the Siam (known as the Hinayana or the Southern School), and especially in Tibet, where in Lama- THE PERSONAL ROSARY OF POPE GREGORY XVI ism the faith of Gautama reached its lowest level, (1831-1846) and then the rosary, along with other customs, spread to Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan." Museum. They include a large marble Buddha The rosary is used by all classes of Mohammedans from Siam and a collection of Buddhas from other and in all lands today, with the exception of the lands, in bronze and carved wood,-the elephant- Wahhabis in Arabia. Many of the rosaries are of headed god of India, statues of Kuanyin, the god- rare or unusual materials. One of the best is a dess of mercy; a considerable collection of string of genuine amber beads. They are rather wooden images worshipped in West Africa, and roughly cut and were probably fashioned by the household gods of China. Anatolian camel drivers. There is also in this collection a rosary from Turkey, made of the gall To the left of the central platform is a large stones of cattle. Rosaries used by Buddhists glass case containing the rosary collection of Dr. are often of semi-precious stones and of beautiful Cornelius H. Patton of the American Board, workmanship. One is made of faultless, round whose book on "The Rosary" is a classic. During crystal beads, strung on a heavy white silk cord, a long career in religious work he has made a with tassels of white silk. Others of lapis lazuli, special study of rosaries and assembled the many exquisitely fashioned and strung on blue cord beautiful specimens that are on view at Prince- with blue silk tassels. There are a few of real ton. The collection, valued at about four thou- jade of a rich green color. Others are of agate sand dollars, includes rosaries of great beauty or agates in combination with other stones. and some with historical associations. One of the latter was the personal rosary of Pope Gregory Shown with the rosaries are the baskets in XVI, which, of course, has particular interest. which the Buddhists keep their beads. Many are It is made of gold and agate beads and ends in a lacquer cases, handsomely ornamented. There is tassel, not a crucifix. Use of the crucifix at the one on display at Princeton made of bamboo in octagonal shape, fashioned in a delicate lace-like design. It has survived all these years the wear and tear of use and is still in perfect condition.

The Moslem collection includes a rosary from Stamboul, of very small beads of olive wood, nine hundred and ninety-nine in number, divided into nine sections of 100 each and one section of 99 beads. There is the usual parent-bead (or minaret), to which is attached the counter-string of ten beads. The unique features are this coun- ter and the smallness of the beads. The rosary is so delicate th;tt it can be slipped into a vest pocket, and by means of the counter string the user can keep tally of ten thousand petitions.

On the opposite side of the Museum in a similar large case we find a collection of Japanese musical instruments used in temple worship, models of Chinese Confucian shrines, ancestral tablets, etc.

VISUALIZING THE RELIGIONS

A large map on the wall portrays the spread of character can be studied here from first-hand evi- Islam and its various sects. On tables there is a dence.

fairly complete collection of fetishes, charms, The Museum is greatly appreciated by the stu- masks and drums used in the animistic cults of dents. One of them declared: "All the reading Western Africa. In another section one finds a in the world about a fetish cannot give us the case devoted to Judaism. Here are tiny cases for understanding or make the impression in regard to fetishes that we get from handling one such weird object as we had in class a few recitations ago. Furthermore, when we can see the objects or means of worship, e. g., totems, fetishes, ro- saries, it stirs· our finer qualities into action. It prompts to love, understanding, pity, awe, rever- ence, respect, and desire to help others, and en- larges our love for our God whom no man hath seen at any time, but who reveals Himself in the matchless life of Jesus Christ."

Our visitors have included not only students from colleges, but Sunday school classes and Women's Missionary Societies from many neigh- boring towns. Objects from-the exhibit are ANCESTRAL TABLETS AND INCENSE-HOLDERS loaned to the students and to· missionaries resi- FROM CHINA dent in Princeton, for use in object-talks in Sun- the law that hang on the doors of Jewish homes; day schools and churches. A missionary from a ram's horn used in the temple on feast days; China on furlough writes: "I went into the Mulittle huts for the festival of Palms or Succoth, seum to see what I could find that would help me candlesticks and similar articles. to make Christ and His message more real to the Chinese. Almost immediately I espied a small Manuscripts of sacred books are also found in cabinet which contained articles illustrating Judaour museum. Some of them in Pali on palm leaves, others on vellum. There is a polyglot Koran printed in India in four languages, and portions of the Koran written on the shoulder- blades of camels from Arabia! Photographs of pulpits, temples and mosques, diagrams of the chief cosmologies of ancient and present-day re- ligions are found in the history of religion section.

The division on the history of missions will, we hope, soon have large ancient and modern maps, showing the expansion of the Christian faith, chronological and statistical diagrams re- cording the growth of Christianity and early copies of the Bible in various languages. Through the kindness of alumni in China we already have rubbings of the famous Nestorian monument in Western China and a number of rare Chinese scrolls both Confucian and Buddhist. In the col- lection which illustrates Islam in China, we have a complete set of Chinese-Moslem publications, and of the posters used in their mosques.

We have also a fairly complete collection of com- THE DURRAH OR WHIP USED IN MOSQUES OF CENTRAL munistic propaganda material. In spite of all that CHINA TO CHASTIZE THOSE WHO ARE NEGLIGENT IN has filtered through from Russia, regarding the PRAYER. THE CAPS ARE FROM PERSIA AND ARE anti-religious activities of the Soviet, one is WORN AT PRAYER TIME IN THE MOSQUES .oF PERSIA shocked at the display of these crude and blasphe- ism. On top of the cabinet was a book entitled mous posters of atheistic Bolshevism. Cartoons "Jewish Ceremonials and Institutions." I glanced that depict God being dumped out of a wheelbar- through it, and saw that it was a book that would row, head first, and that show Christ as the first be of help to me in explaining to the Chinese the bootlegger at the Last Supper. The bitterness of Hebrew feasts and ceremonials, as they are prac- this anti-religious movement and its revolutionary ticed by the orthodox Jews today. Inside the cab-

inet I saw, among many curious objects, a tiny truths in the History of Religion that can be more metal case, which contains a small roll of parch- vividly presented in such a way than by lectures ment, upon which is written in Hebrew, Deut. and textbooks. The knowledge of other religions 6: 4-9, and 11: 8-9. This 'Mezuzah' is nailed to undoubtedly is valuable to the missionary who is the door-post of every loyal Jew's house. Then anxious to find points of contact between himself right alongside a small scroll containing in He- and the heathen world, valuable for comparative brew, 'the Table of the Law,' and near by a card- purposes, to show wherein Christianity excels all board model of a Jewish booth (Succoth), illus- other religions, valuable also as showing that trating the booths in which the Children of Israel these religions were providential anticipations of dwelt during the Feast of Tabernacles. All these a wider and more important truth; but most of all, valuable because it creates a spirit of sym- pathy and "compassion for the ignorant and those that are out of the way." As Kipling says: o ye who tread the Narrow Way By Tophet flare to Judgment Day Be gentle when the heathen pray To Buddha at Kamakura.

WOODEN IDOLS FROM THE CAMEROUNS. WEST AFRICA. Some of the non-Christian religions are dy- ONE IS A CURIOUS TWIN-GOD ing or disintegrating. Invaluable material I plan to secure when I go to New York City in will soon become rare. The same is true rethe near future, and I shall take them with me to garding the material illustrative of the early China to show to our Chinese Christian leaders history of the missionary enterprise and the and the students in the Men's and Women's Bible Schools." work of the pioneers. As one of the secre- taries of the American Board wrote: "I am We need such a museum at Princeton to rightly glad you are thinking of building up a museum understand and interpret the groping after God at Princeton, as it is becoming increasingly and the hunger for communion with Him in the difficult to secure the right kind of material non-Christian world. Eye-gate has too often been particularly when it comes to collecting the neglected in missionary education, while ear-gate idols of the polytheistic religions." only has been besieged. There are facts and Can you spare anything for our Museum to illustrate the spread of the non-Christian re- lig.ions? The idea of God as shown by idols, symbols, fetishes; illustrative material on prayer and worship; mottoes used in temples or mosques; amulets, or prayer wheels; pho- tographs of great religious leaders, of saints' tombs; samples of the sacred books in the original text; or something to illustrate the burial customs and the belief in a future life and resurrection among primitive tribes-all this would be gratefully received. In regard to the History of Missions, maps, photographs of the pioneers in the field, large photographs of hospitals and institutions of edu- cation would be specially welcome. Also samples of the tracts and books that have been found most useful, and Bible pictures with a special artistic value. We would also like photographs of con- verts or groups of converts and diagrams show- ing the growth of the Christian Church.

"The whole country seems to be stirred, and people are coming to the services from dis- tances of from seven to ten miles from the mission station. The churches are full, and the people who cannot get inside throng around the windows and doors, listening to the mes- sage of salvation by the preacher. There seems to be a real awakening."-Report from Angola, Africa.

MAN, "BILL" HENDERSON, DEEDED HIS FARM TO THE CHURCH, IN ORDER

THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE MOUNTAINS MIGHT "HAVE A CHANCE"

The "Forgotten Man" of the Mountains By REV. M. A. DAWBER, B.M.

Superintendent of Rural Work, Methodist Episcopal Church W E HAVE heard much of late of the "for- some seven million people are living today in gotten man," but nobody seems to know America under the conditions of illiteracy, under- just specifically who he is. He would seem nourishment and ill-health and economic poverty to be the man who has been left unprovided for such as is characteristic of mountain people.

in the Government's last relief program. There To such people the Christian Churches have is, however, a "forgotten man" to be found in the been ministering for the last sixteen years in mountains of Tennessee, Kentucky, North and mountain missions. Wherever we have gone there South Carolina. He has been overlooked by Gov- has been real achievement, and in the places where ernment, both national and state. To the Chris- work has been established over a period of time tian Church belongs the credit for any progress life has been greatly changed and the community and development that he has made. The first sur- transformed.

vey of these mountain people ever made by the Moonshine in the Mountains Government was recently completed. Even this did not initiate with the Government but was The greatest injury done to the mountain peo- prompted by the Mountain Workers' Conference, pIe comes from those who do not know them or a body of Christian workers of several denomina- understand them and who have no real sympathy tions engaged in missionary work among moun- for them. They have spread erroneous ideas of tain people. This survey reveals the fact that the prevalence of feuds, moonshine, etc., that do [177 ]

not reflect the general standards and ideals of Again the mountaineer does not see the differmountain people. It is true that these Southern ence between making bread and making whiskey Mountains are the land of feuds, of hatred and out of his own corn. Until recent years corn vengeance, but it is also true that it is a land of whiskey was about the only thing that the mounlove and neighbors, of families and homes that are taineer could conveniently haul out of the mounas loyal to each other and the nation as any other tains and sell for cash with which to pay his people in America. Illiteracy, feuds and moon- taxes. Bad roads, and the lack of crops that were shine are vanishing much more rapidly than the marketable restricted him to a commodity like stories about them. The trouble is that it takes moonshine. However, during recent years, and so long to live down the conception of a people since the passing of prohibition, the business has that, while true yesterday, is not true today. increased rapidly, but this has been due to the influx of bootleggers from the cities who imme- One question often asked is, "Why do the moun- diately discovered the mountains as a safe refuge tain people make moonshine?" We might ask an- for the manufacture and storage of their product. other question, "Why did our grandparents make Again, we call attention to the fact that so far as it and use it so generally?" Let us remember that the oncoming generation of mountain youth is many of these mountain people are still at the concerned they will have nothing to do with it. stage of development where our grandparents left Not a boy nor girl who has gone through our off. There is, however, another answer to the mountain mission schools has been known to be question: Mountain people do not make it. A few engaged in this illicit business. Given a few more of them do, but it is as unfair to stigmatize the years and moonshine will be a thing of the past. whole mountain people with this charge as it is to say that Americans are all bootleggers. We might Illiteracy Feuds and Poverty go even further and say that granting the moonshiner exists, he does not begin to be the moral The conditions that have been cited as responmenace and the lawbreaker that the burglar and sible for moonshine are also factors that account the bootlegger are in other parts of the country. for illiteracy. We must keep in mind that before Usually he is a kind, honest neighbor and, in his these people migrated to these isolated mountain local community, a worthy citizen. His crimes sections they were intelligent and well schooled. are committed against the outsider who interferes There is a natural intelligence that obtains today and with"ihe far-away Government at Washing- in spite of the absence of modern education. They ton. These he considers have no right prying into were much better educated than the average of his private affairs, and when engaged in doing so their day. Beveridge in his volume on John Marare apt to receive dangerous treatment at his shall tells us that, "In Virginia in 1755 that more hands. than forty per cent of the men who made deeds or served on juries could not sign their names, al- A story is told of a certain northerner who de- though they were of the land-owning and better sired to see a mountain still, so he requested a educated classes." The ancestors of the mounmountain boy to lead him to a secluded place in taineer were an intelligent, sturdy and courageous the mountains to see one. The reward for this people, Scotch and Scotch-Irish, they brought service was to be two dollars. They had walked with them the sterling convictions and character a few hundred yards on the way when the boy re- of their generation that was rooted in the more quested payment in advance. The man said no, than average education of their day. But once but that he would pay when they got back. "No," settled in the more isolated mountains of this replied the boy, "I want it now, for you ain't country they found it impossible to provide the a-coming back." This illustrates the attitude that educational facilities that they and their forethe mountaineer has to those who are inclined to fathers had enjoyed. interfere in his affairs. The home mission boards have worked hard There are yet other considerations that must be over this problem, and again we say, give us a few understood if we are to deal fairly with this ques- years longer and illiteracy will be no more. There tion. In the mountains there are almost no doc- are still a few mountain judges who cannot read tors, no drug stores, no place to which the moun- nor write, so I am told. I heard of one recently taineer can go for medicinal supplies, even could who did not want to appear illiterate so he always he afford them. As one mountaineer put it: carried a Sears and Roebuck catalog around with him when he held court. One day he had before "Let ary a thing go wrong with the family, him a man charged with some offence and after fever, or snake-bite, or something, and we can't all the evidence had been presented the old judge git a doctor up hyar less'n three days or a week; turned over the Sears and Roebuck catalog and and then it cost scand'lous. The only medicines then remarked, "You will be fined three dollars we-uns has is yerbs, which cain't be drunk without a leetle grain wriskey."

THE "FORGOTTEN MAN" OF THE MOUNTAINS

and seventy-five cents." The man began to pro- it should be included in the general program for test, but his neighbor, who was with him said, rural progress. While in the more favored sec- "Shut up, Jake, and thank goodness he was look- tions it is a·question of more successful producing at pants and not pianos." Such stories will tion to capture the market, in the mountains it is not apply to the oncoming generation of mountain a matter of more successful production to feed people. themselves. The main economic problems of the mountains involve.better agriculture and better The fact is that a mountaineer does not know transportation. A subsistence program of agrithe feud as we understand it. They speak of it as culture and industry is in process of development. "the trouble" or "the war," but never "the feud." The mountains are, in all probability, ahead of Ordinarily they are as peace loving and kind and other sections in such a program. It is no longer gentle as anyone-just as ready to render a kind- possible to point the young people to something ness for a good deed done as to return evil for evil. outside the mountains as the economic hope and Mountain people's likes and dislikes run strong. solution to their poverty. The cities and rural A deep emotional spirit dominates all their ac- sections elsewhere are no better off, if as well off, tions. Add to this the problems that arise from in this respect. The average mountain family can intermarriage, boundary lines, and the insular life be helped to raise its own living, to supply their that is inevitable, and it is easy to understand why own needs, and with a very small money income trouble between families becomes intense. The they are comparatively independent. Much of the conditions of isolation are the greatest factor in land needs to be revitalized with suitable crop rothe feud problem. Mountain people have always tations to build up the soil and to hold it on the settled their own problems in their own way. The steep mountain sides during the winter rain absence of surveyors to establish the exact bound- washes. In too many instances it has been planted ary lines between neighbors gave rise to all kinds year after year for the same crop-corn. Some of disputes that had to be settled locally. The time ago in one of the cabins, where I had counted distance to the nearest lawyer was also a problem. thirteen children, as I was about to leave I looked "Why bother with those outsiders; let's settle it up at the barren hillsides and asked my mountain ourselves." This isolation has made it more con- host what he raised there. "Why," said he, in his venient to settle their own misunderstandings and characteristic mountain drawl, "we raise corn, an grievances in their own way and has led to much pork, an childer, but I allow its mostly childer." of the hatred and bloodshed; it has also made it This, of course, sets forth in homey fashion the difficult for them to follow the pathway of the law economic problem of the mountains. There are and order. other economic problems, a hundred of them, but they will root in the simple statement of this But this again is, for the most part, in the yes- mountain man. terdays. On a recent visit to Henderson Settle-. ment, Mr. Frakes, the Methodist Superintendent, The Christian Church is facing this task as well called my attention to four children playing to- as moral and spiritual needs. We have assisted gether. They were the orphan children of two in many ways in the development of a type of men who took each other by the left hand and shot agriculture that will make fot the highest possible it out by the right hand. Such a method of set- production on mountain soil. Poverty, ignorance, tling a dispute will have no place in the thinking moonshine, disease and strife are gradually being of these children. They have been taught the eliminated in the program that is being fostered better way of -love. by home missions work. This, of course, is only laying material foundations upon which to build a The major mountain problem here as elsewhere more satisfying spiritual life. is economic. It is a rural problem and, as such, Then, Let Us Pray ~.

The day was long, the burden I had borne We cannot tell how often as we pray Seemed heavier than I could longer bear; For some bewildered one, hurt and distressed, And then it lifted-but I did not know The answer comes, but many times these hearts Some one had knelt in prayer. Find sudden peace and rest.

Had taken me to God that very hour, Some one had prayed, and faith, a lifted hand And asked the easing of the load, and He Reached up to God, and He reached down that day, In infinite compassion, had stooped down So many, many hearts have need of prayer- And lifted the burden from me. Then, let us, let us pray. -Author Unknown.

of Indian Hearts and Hearths*

By ELISABETH W. CONKLIN, Chittoor, Madras, Pres.

Missionary of the American Arcot Mission I N INDIA I do not feel so far away from Amer- "You have not given us an opportunity to take ica, when almost every day, as I drive down all that are on the plate," I said, smilingly, and the long, dusty street in Chittoor, a very dear added, "but we are thrilled to have you honor us Indian friend delights to talk of her brother in with this silver service."

"Puff-keepsie." Dressed in her graceful costume, Several times, in other Indian homes I had speaking for the great throng of Indian women, blistered my lips because I have not yet 'learned she might greet you with the words of another how to drink hot coffee without touching my lips Indian girl who said, to a world audience on the to the cup. Gladly I had suffered, thinking that air: I was appreciating the extreme courtesy extended.

You stay at home; but is it anywhere With exquisite tact, my hostess protested: Written or said, "You do not share?" "Ah, but this silver protects our orthodox neigh- bors from us."

You stay at home; but right in your own home By the;'se of a different pronoun "our" than You reinforce us, though you never come. for "us," she subtly included herself with our out- You stay at home; but if you only knew caste selves! Those of us who knew that she was How we across the sea rely on you! an "unmarried widow," caught a glimpse of the You do come over, if your hearts are there. ache in that starved mother-heart, because she had And thus, more than you know, you do share. no husband, home or child of her own. Though she is not numbered among the Christians in Mis- One of my most precious friendships in Chittoor sion reports, she is a beloved auntie to her eight began on this wise. Just as we were sitting down nieces in that home which is being transformed by to tea, I was called into the drawing-room to greet her own Christ-illumined life. a lovely, glossy-haired, lustrous-eyed Indian lady, One day we were returning along a deserted, whose graceful palms were touching in the less- 'dusty road, in the heavy, hot sunlight of midday. common greeting between equals. I offered her We were disheartened and despondent at the desa plate full of freshly baked sponge cakes. She perately impoverished condition of our Christian deftly fingered the folds of her heavy silk saree, villages, because of the failure of the rains. India as her understanding eyes searched mine. Slip- truly is "The Land that Looks Up to the Sky." ping all the cakes into an improvised pouch in The burning sunlight is our chief protection from one end of her saree, she answered with unerring disease, but the rain is the source of food as well as drink. Are we better Christians because we directness my clumsily concealed surprise. "You do not yet know our customs," she ex- are always hungry? Here again, the difference in plained in utter naturalness. "If you had come to the pronoun "we," as I can use it, being one of us. my house and I had offered you cakes, I should In many, many Christian homes, "the mother, starved for her brood," with her two hands dips have expected you to take them all, as I have. out, from the pitifully-scant allowance of daily Should you take only one, we would throw the rest "bird-seed" for her family, the "Lord's portion," away, for none of us would touch any of those to be set aside each day. On Sunday, before the remaining after you had touched the plate. I rude altar of the tiny, mud-walled school-church, thought you also would not care to eat any after each woman, Jrom one corner of her cloth empties I had touched the plate." the week's portions on the cloth spread to receive A few days later, accepting her invitation to tea, we were charmingly welcomed into her it. Are we ready to observe even one Golden Rule brother's semi-European home. She served us in- Diet-day a week, so that we may set aside our dividual portions on silver plates and in silver "Lord's Portion"? Do we give our car one day's rest in seven, or deny ourselves a "wave-set" cups. (masculine or feminine, radio or hair) for His • An address prepared for the Florida Chain of Missionary Assem- Treasury? blies, 1934 (not given as here printed). • [180 ] As we travel along the dusty road, thus musing is not safe for her to be in our house when I am and praying, we catch up with a cart, which looks not there." Weeks pass and I visit the ward in like a tiny loaf-of-bread-on-two-wheels, rocking to the Government hospital where the wife is waitthe gait of its diminutive bullock. Robin has ing with bandaged eyes. Her two youngest chiladroitly steered his drowsy nose from intruding dren are playing contentedly. From bed to bed, behind the swaying curtain at the crust-end of the the mother feels her way, while eager hands of loaf, when a furtive eye compasses the deserted caste women reach out to draw her nearer. Each landscape, and two excited ankles with tinkling one is eager to sing the special lyric that she has anklets slip down on the dusty road. The owner learned, or to tell the story and recite the verses brings to our carriage-wheels a wistful face in about Christ which are particularly appealing to which sadness and gladness are appealingly her individual need. When I ask about the strict mingled, and says: religious neutrality observed in Government hos- pitals, the Medical Officer, who is himself not a "My husband has been transferred to Coimba- Christian, asks me to let her stay as long as postore. I hate to leave, but please tell me the names sible. He says: "Our whole hospital is feeling the of the missionaries there. My family want you cheer of her brave spirit. Patients we had deto come to their house just the same, and have spaired of are recovering." How I wish she might Sunday-school as you always do. I think they will find permanent employment there! Her overwant you to come into the house afterwards, too, harassed husband has found too overwhelming the as you have done when I was there." prospect of a sightless wife, who can no longer eke out the family income with teaching in the village Then she slips into my hand a paper with her school. He has found another way of escape. new address, while I am trying to think of the Deserted, she must seek the protection of our Misname of the British missionaries stationed in her sion hospital, where her children too will be taken new home. Without waiting for my slothful wits care of. to function, she turns away and, in a cloud of dust stirred up by the heavy folds of her saree swirling "Who is the untouchable? Is it the caste or the about her ankles, she clambers back behind that out-caste ?" Such a query has never once occurred swaying curtain. When I reach in behind the curtain to slip my bit of paper into her hands, both to me in India. Does it throw a new light on the our hearts feel the tight clutch of our hands in hurried farewell. difference in attitude between East and West? In Our High School girls and the Bible-woman will America we who stand aloof are the untouchables, be thrilled to know that they may still go every Sunday afternoon to this house where gather a but in India the untouchable is the one who is crowd of children and older folk to learn to sing with us the beautiful Christian lyrics, and to hear kept at a distance. Here, there are untouchables the stories of a new Friend and Redeemer whom in every class of society; there, one class is unthey are beginning to love. Best of all, we may still be invited to come into the sacred family circle touchable. In Christ's eyes both are individuals, and there talk and sing and pray to Him who searcheth and knoweth all our hearts. Here is a needing Him, their Saviour. Both need salvation. "not-yet~Christian" hearth where the family are learning to love Christ because one loyal nine-' Hinduism teaches two forms of redemption; that year-old heart, when she had to leave the Mission School for Hindu Girls to become the youngest 'of the kitten saved by its mother, with no effort sister-in-law and daughter-in-law in a new family circle, did not forget what she had learned. of its own; and that of the baby monkey which must itself run to its parent, and, clutching fast, On our spacious verandah are gathered the wives be carried beyond danger where it can of itself go. of the pastor teachers from the Christian villages Christ gives us the two pictures: one of the Seekin our district. We were holding our annual Bible ing Shepherd, going out to bring back the one examination for Christian women-teachers. At sheep, lost through its own ignorance or weakone of the desks, a woman's furtive hand tries to ness, or through another's neglect, as in the case brush aside the cloudiness from her straining eyes. of the lost coin; the other picture is of the Wait- An operation must determine whether there are ing Father, who goes out to meet the willful son cataracts or infection in one or both eyes. Tender- who has turned and is seeking his father's protecness and bewilderment are in the face of her hus- tion. To the Christian salvation comes through a band as we talk over the problem. "How can I Saviour. In India we are regarded as untouchand our children live without her? Even if I bring ables. In America, contrariwise, are we also unour daughter home from the boarding school, it touchables? Orthodox caste Hindus will walk knee-deep into the mire of a rice field, rather than pass me on the narrow path. Shall I, here, "pass by on the other side"?

"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. Ye are my friends if ye do whatsoever I command you."

Government's New Indian

Proposed Revival of Tribalism, Seen from the Missionary Angle By G. E. E. LI~"'DQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas Missionary at Large, Society for Propagating the Gospel Among the Indians I MPORTANT changes in Government policy im- Any policy, therefore, which directly or by im- mediately affect the conditions for mission plication, constitutes a limitation of missionary co- work. This is doubly true of the American In- operation and tends to nullify the constructive dians, for the nature of the missionary's task efforts of the past, as well as having far-reaching places him in close contact with government offi- effects on the future, is a matter of deep concern cials and policies. Furthermore, the early mis- to those interested in the task of elevating and im- sionary was the harbinger of civilization to the proving the condition of the American Indians.

aboriginal Americans. He That such a limitation is in founded the first schools; he prospect is the conviction of was the first champion of In- There is some difference of missionary workers, both In-:- dian rights; during President opInion among American dian and white, if the recently G ran t' s administration he announced plans of Hon. John served as Indian agent. Until Government officials and mis- Collier, the present Commis- sionary workers as to the 1879 mission schools served all proposed new policy of re- sioner of Indian Affairs, are Indian youth and even today a turning American Indians to put into operation. number of church schools are special reservations and en- A careful student of Indian couraging old tribal customs. Affairs, who has given years of still flourishing. Both white and Indian Chris- tians are united in believing In Bulletin 280, issued by the that such a policy is mistaken unselfish service to every good Board of Indian Commission- and would hinder the progress cause among them, says: "Mr. ers, Dr. Samuel A. Eliot writes: of the American Indians in Collier's schemes for the re- vival of tribalism and the seg- The missions maintained on Indian reservations by the Protestant Christian character and in- regation of the Indians are cerand Catholic churches have long tellectual and spiritual de- tainly of a most reactionary been regarded as cooperating units sort and if they go through in with the Board and the Bureau of velopment. A recent Indian the form suggested we shall be Indian Affairs in the Federal Gov- Congress, held at Rapid City, wiping out most of the gains of ernment's effort to aid and qualify South Dakota, unanimously the last fifty years a~d begin- Indians to take their places as self- opposed some features of the supporting, independent men and Howard-Wheeler Bill, while ning all over again under more women in the general citizenry of the they favored others. difficult conditions than ever." nation. The Congress of the United States, the successive Secretaries of The underlying assumption the Interior and Commissioners of of the Collier proposal is that Indian Affairs, and the school and reservationsuperin- the "Indian's master problem is land." With this tendents have again and again testified by legislation, ex- as a starting point he has launched an intensive ecutive orders and official statements, to the value of the missionary work. The Federal officers have recognized the propaganda against the General Allotment Act of missionaries as influential members of the authorized per- 1887, also known as the Dawes Citizenship Act.

sonnel on the reservations. Most of the evils which have befallen the Indians Hon. Chas. J. Rhoads, former Commissioner of during the past fifty years are laid at the door of Indian Affairs, in a letter to the field staff, wrote: the allotment system even as the Eighteenth Amendment Was charged with all the woes follow- The aim of both Indian Service employees and church ing the adoption of prohibition. Those conversant workers is to fit the Indians to be self-sustaining, self-re- with Indian Affairs over a period of years realize specting American citizens. The Christian missionary waS active in this field of service long before the Government, grave errors in the working of the allotment sysand the missionary has an essential function in the cul- tem, although the original intent of the Act was tural development of the Indian. No effort should be humane and sought to individualize the Indian, despared to encourage effective cooperation and prevent mis- liver him from the idleness and debauchery of resunderstanding and friction.

[182 ] ervation life, and institute an educative process in Reports received from representative groups of the use of land as well as prepare him for full and Indians indicate clearly that the communization of free citizenship. land and property, as thus proposed, is imprac- ticable and will not be acceptable to the Indians Some of the more palpable weaknesses of the themselves. It has not worked to the equalization allotment system may be summed up as follows: of property even among the Pueblos, although It was premature and assumed a far greater de- these people are frequently cited as embodying gree of progress than the average Indian had model tribal set-ups. It has not worked in the made; the blanket character of the Act proved a most advanced type of civilization, certainly not failure as does any attempt to cover all sorts and for any extended period. conditions with the same blanket; the dissipation of heirship land whereby much land w~t out of There are small and scattered bands of landless Indian ownership, the decreasing number of those Indians, for instance in Nevada and California, holding individual allotments, the patent-in-fee who deserve consideration, but even these, accordfiasco of the war years, and the inauguration and ing to the,ir own testimony, do not want to join "a perpetuation of the leasing system with attendant back to the reservation movement." They desire evils are other factors quite generally known and to be grouped among the whites, and to receive conceded. The Commissioner says: land where they will cease to be considered iso- lated minorities. The younger Indians, those Now, since allotment stripped the Indian of land and "born too late" for allotment or whose heirship insince the Government made him a landless man, it must terests have been dissipated, should be given a restor.e him to the land. We want to get new lands for chance to engage in agricultural pursuits. But Indians who have lost their lands or whose lands are in- why should the Government spend millions buying sufficient. (Commissioner's Circular Letter of Jan. 25, back semi-desert or sub-marginal land for them on 1934.) the reservations? There are good farms available off the reservations, where individual ownership Briefly stated, the Indians now holding indi- could be fostered and home life could be stabilized. vidual allotments will be asked to relinquish these It has been truly said that "wherever agriculture in favor of communization of land and property; has been developed on a home-owning, family furthermore, the Government is to buy additional basis, we find the most satisfying rural life"; and, land on the reservations now held by outsiders, one may add, we have there the basis for promotmostly whites, and reassign same to the landless ing self-support and self-respect. Indians. There might be no objection to this proposal, were it not that, intimately related to this Those interested in missionary work among the ' procedure, is the plan for a revival of tribalism, Indians feel that while the possession of land is variously termed "self-government," "tribal in- important it is by no means "the Indian's master corporation," "community incorporation," etc. problem." Land itself is only potential wealth; (Circular Letter of Commissioner of January 20, the meTe fact of possession will not feed or clothe 1934, No. 30426, addressed to Indians.) anyone. The Indian must use his lands if he would appreciate their worth. As one earnest It is not to be wonde.red at that the Indians worker has said, "He must keep his hands out of themselves feel that they are to be subjected to missionary barrels and his name off of ration rolls another experiment of doubtful value, and one if he would maintain his self-respect." Unless which may be launched during one administration there is stimulated from within a desire to be and and abolished the next. They have been the butt to do, all the land with its wealth of untapped reof sundry and varied experiments in the past. sources, will avail the Indian but little. "Too While the more conservative prefer to adopt a often we strive," as one worker has put it, "to con- "wait and see policy," the more progressive ones serve the Indian's property at the expense of his do not hesitate to condemn the whole scheme as manhood, his ambition, his finer values. He will "reaction under the guise of advance." Others develop respom;ibility only by having responsibilwill not entertain the idea of communization of ity to bear." land and property even for discussion. The chairman of a business committee on one of the larger But the feature of the Government proposals reservations states that while the allotment sys- that causes the deepest concern to missionary tem has its evils, he feels that the new proposals workers, and that is apt to have the most baneful would cause even more trouble. A representative effect on the future of the Indian, is the revival of of a western tribe says: "I have no land or prop- tribalism and the segregation and isolation inerty. [He belongs to one of the landless bands in volved in "the back to the reservation" movement. the far west who, because, they were not "war Many feel also that the encouragement of the makers," received no allotments.] I have been dance ceremonials in Commissioner's order of Jantrying to get a garden spot for two years, but if I uary 3, 1934 (Circular No. 2970), regarding "Inhad an allotment I would not give it up to share dian religious freedom and culture," is one of the with others-and I do not expect anyone else to first steps in the attempt to revive "the cult of the give up theirs to share with me. What we want is land of our own if only a few acres."

primitive." This order directs the superintend- says: "There are two ways out of this matter, the ents to inform the Indians "that native religious way back and the way straight ahead. But is the life and Indian culture" is not to be frowned upon way back ever the way out? The way back is a by Government representatives; and, that "no in- way beset with failures, wickedness and graft. terference with Indian religious life or ceremonial We have made some advances, but we need enexpression will hereafter be tolerated." couragement that we may go still farther. If ever the Indian needed the guidance of the Great Gov- Without discussing the merits of the old Indian ernment of Heaven it is now. We need in the very religions and cultures, it should be said in all fair- heart of our councils a friend to the Indians that ness that Christian missionaries, while seeking to will advise us right." God grant that the Indian avoid "the pitfall of antiquarianism," have sought standing today in the valley of decision shall not to preserve the best of the past, and to fill it with fail of wise and faithful friends to aid him in this new meaning. They have put primitive languages his hour of need! into writing, and have filled old words with new meanings; they have translated the Christian Statement Unanimously Adopted by Mission- Scriptures into many tongues, and have encour- aries, Both Catholic and Protestant, at Plains Inaged bi-lingual expression. In general, they have dian Congress Held at Rapid City, South Dakota, aided ethnologists and other conservators in estab- March 2 to 5, with Special Reference to H R 2902 lishing friendly contacts with the Indians. At the and S 2755.

same time they have not hesitated to assert that We are in favor of: "the Indian must be saved by a process of Christian assimilation to American life, not by a care- 1. The encouragement of spiritual values. fully guarded and subsidized segregation." 2. The Indian making his contribution to the life of com- munity and nation. Anything which emphasizes differences and 3. The Indian sharing in the responsibilities and the that makes for separation and race discrimination privileges of government and citizenship. militates also against the Christian tenet of "a 4. "No special advantages, no special disadvantages" for fair chance for every man in every good thing." the Indian. In his daily contacts with the Indian the mission- 5. The following features of the Howard-Wheeler bill: ary ceases to think of the Indian as "being different." Rather does he consider his essential hu- A. The educational provisions, especially the manity and that the Church of Christ owes him training of Indian young people for positions in more because he is a human being than because he the Indian service. is an Indian. B. The providing of land for young Indians But what of the future? Will the revival of who are looking forward to the establishment of tribalism and segregation be the way out? Let homes and were born too late to acquire land two Indians of widely differing backgrounds and rights. training reply. Dr. Arthur C. Parker, Seneca, director of the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sci- C. The effort to untangle the problems in con- nection with heirship lands.

D. Increasing self-government in those dis- tinctly Indian interests in which the Indians share exclusively as members of an Indian tribe or group.

ences, says: We are opposed to the following: While the continuation of tribal government, with all its 1. It perpetrates segregation. In more progressive comconnotation, may seem from the sentimental standpoint, munities where the Indians share in the general social and just and liberal, it brings with it also a certain segregation economic life of the community, it means even going back from the normal stream of civic life…. This might pos- to segregation. Tribalism means exemptions, and exempsibly be justified if their (the Indians) ultimate objective, tions lead to race prejudice. projected a century hence, was a continued separateness in outlook and manner of living. However, since all the In- 2. It perpetrates freedom from taxation instead of lookdians of the United States must secure a livelihood in a ing forward to the time when the Indian contributes his manner similar to that of the rest of the population, and proportionate share to the cost of government. since their economic contacts will all be with citizens of the various states, it would seem that the better part of 3. The Indian Court also promotes segregation. The wisdom is to have these Indians prepare in a most effective Court may mean prompter justice, but it perpetrates the way for economic competence. There is always prejudice present intolerable situation where Indians escape punishagainst those with special privileges and exemptions and ment of crimes because they do not come under the jurisagainst those who are fostered by paternalism … I can diction of state laws and only very few Indian crimes are see nothing but a backward move and disaster in the re- punishable under Federal Statute. actionary project, though if supported and protected for a while, it will be a spectacular thing that will have great 4. While seemingly granting the Indian new liberties, advertising value. Any move that tends to place our first we are of the optnion that the bill means a great increase Americans in segregated areas like the bear, buffalo and in supervision and delay in action on the part of the Secelk of our national parks, tends to create a zoological gar- retary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Afden rather than 'serve the purposes of free citizenship. fairs.

Ernest Hunt, Kiowa, of western Oklahoma, in 5. The conviction back of the bill that the land allotment addressing his people through his home paper, system is at the bottom of the Indian's poverty. Posses- sion of land as such does not mean salvation for any people.

6. The implication that physical values are supreme and spiritual values are non-existent.

Testim9ny of Mr

An Experience in the Village of the Northern Peace Creek I L ;Letter from the REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, -ef Peiping, China rJE-'·- Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – _.._ – – – – – – – – – – W ITH a few Chinese friends, one an evan- guage. After the meeting had been opened Mr. gelist and others volunteer church work- Wang gave a short testimony. He bowed deep to ers, I stood in front of the Temple of the the women and, facing the men, he began: Whispering Pond at the Village of the Northern Peace Creek, far outside of Peiping. A young "Honorable elders and gentlemen of the village please sit a while. I am greatly putting you to priest, keeper of the temple gods, stood next to trouble but do listen to this humble one's unworthy me. His father had given him to the service of chatter; if only for the time it takes to eat a bowl the "Guardian God in the Clouds" so as to redeem of rice. Surely I am but a tiresome talker but not an untold sin. An old officiating monk, keeper of for silver or rice did I come here. I have a mes- the accounts and receiver of the sage that will make your heart temple guests, stood a little aside. joyous unto heaven and glad unto The skies were clear and the wind the earth. I have something betgushed cold, but all of us were in ter for you than silver skin fish Chinese garb, wrapped from head to eat and yellow tea to drink.

to feet in wadded cotton. We "My humble surname is Wang sang choruses, preached and ex- and my name Tsao Kung but I am plained Bible picture posters and called the Iron Arrow. On the took with us a string of followers Mongolian pl~ins I used to trade.

for a meeting at the little Gospel Silver and rice came to my home hall built by a Chinese Christian in abundance, but I was a free lady. spending spirit. For twenty years Groups of boys came in, and I smoked opium, gambled, drank some small girls toddled in on tiny and worshiped the king of the bound feet. The village of the devils. I also induced my wife to Northern Peace Creek is true to smoke opium. That devil called old customs and since most of the opium ate away the food of my girls are engaged in marriage home as the wolves on the plains bonds from early childhood, the wishes of the fu- eat the dead bodies of the Mongolians. It stuck ture mother-in-law have to be reckoned with be- to my soul like paint to wood and in vain I tried fore such a new and radical custom as "large men to clean myself. I became like a skeleton and my feet" for girls can be put into practice. heart ate great bitterness. The richness of my On the large brick kang or bed built on two home disappeared, also the brightness of my chil- sides of the little hall a place was left for the wom- dren's faces. I was like one altogether ignorant en, who came in groups chattering aloud to hide of the difference between good and evil. I speak self-consciousness. There were young women true-hearted. with red trousers or red jackets left from wedding "One day my daughter had the good fortune to trousseaux. Many had a suckling baby thrust meet this honorable Western man's lady, and truly within her outer garments and stood through the great blessings came to my home. Through her service, as long as her mother-in-law was present. influence my daughter came to believe in the one It took a great deal of effort to bow the men to living God; she was moved by the Spirit as a leaf the various seats of honor. They were solemn and on the tree echoes the wind. Day and night she sincere in accepting the flowery courtesy of the prayed aloud for me till at last I went with her to evangelist and they felt obliged to express their the Christian church. There I listened for the <;urprise over my ability to speak the Chinese lan- first time to the Gospel of Salvation and I became [185 ]

like a fish hooked in the jaw. Heaven struck me; Northern Peace Creek, you are men and not trees, my heart became empty and all the great bitter- your brains can understand and your hearts can ness of these twenty years stirred up within me. feel. Throwaway your idols made with the hands God examined my heart and as a man in despair of men; stop wandering and seek to find the peace I knelt in the church at the feet of the Eternal I have in my heart." Living One. The Lord made sacrifice for me and redeemed my soul with the blood of His Son The meeting went on for hours. Unasked, one Jesus Christ. testimony followed another. The eyes of men and women were bright with interest. Hardly any "I returned home a new man and never since one noticed that dogs came running in, that a that time have I touched opium, wine or gambling black pig was driven out, that chickens squawked dice. My wife, amazed at my inner strength, be- away from feet suddenly stretched out. Quescame a believer too, and also her desire for opium tions were asked, and interest was shown in a new was taken away by faith in Christ. One day in open way. The Gospel was brought and the mesthe courtyard together we burned before our in- sage accepted. When the skies turned to evening vited relatives our paper kitchen god, the mud gray a Bible class was formed, an hour for Sungod of business, and all our wooden house gods, day worship agreed upon, and a little school for with all the incense and altar candles we had. illiterate men and women started. There we dedicated our lives to the One Living God, both of us to do volunteer church service and Slowly I turned to the Chinese home where I our daughter to study to be an evangelist. Won- would spend the night. The darkness came swiftly derful peace and marvelous joy have since been but the moon rose gloriously, and by the light of ours. a candle I write this letter to ask you to pray with me that the Kingdom of Heaven may come to the "You elders and inhabitants of the village of the village of the Northern Peace Creek.

Baby Clinics in West Africa* By ROSE MAIER RYTER, R. N., Elat, Cameroun Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

EDIMA a 80-0-0! Edima a 80-0-0 ("Edima has own developed by months of administering castor come! Edima has come!"). oil to unwilling babies. Resistance is of no avail ! Out of every house in the compound the children come running and shouting to announce That task accomplished, our little meeting beour arrival, while frantic mothers try to keep them gins. We start with prayer and then follow with from getting too close to the wheels of the car. a lecture on such subjects as: "Bathing the As we climb out with our equipment, little hands Baby," "Feeding the Baby Its First Real Food," are stretched out to us while the mothers say, "Itch and How to Cure It," "Whooping Cough," "Bata'ane" (shake hands). Some mothers and "Intestinal Parasites and How Acquired," "Mababies have come from near-by towns, others from laria, What It Is and How Does One Get It," etc. as far as ten or twelve miles away. At each clinic we try to chase' away the old super- stitions and beliefs by telling them the real cause Baby clinics! A vision of a neat room, long of a disease. white tables, baby scales, starchy uniformed nurses, white gowned doctors and neat rows of The lecture over, Eko, Engele, the medical boy medicines, appears before one's eyes. Our African and I retire to the session room where our mediclinic can boast of none of these. We meet in the cines, ulcer dressings and microscope are spread thatch roofed church. On the right is a sad row out on the rough plank benches. The examining of poor little tots who must have worm medicine. table is usually my lap and there is no need for a Their faces are not happy because they know nurse to undress these children to prepare them what is before them. As Eko, our clinic nurse, for an examination! It pleases the mother to have appears with the awful tasting medicine the faces me hold her baby and examine its little body carebecome no happier. She has a technique all her fully; and when the lovely brown velvet body is without blemish, she is duly praised. Yet her • From The Drum Call, Elat. West Africa. pride in that baby cannot match the gratefulness

BABY CLINICS IN WEST AFRICA

of the mother who several months ago brought in said it was because I was unfaithful to my hus- a thin weakly baby full of sores and now puts a band; others said it was an evil spirit that spoiled scarred but happy, husky little one into my lap to my milk or drank it. They would take me to a be examined. stream. In it I would have to sit with a woman "And how are your babies today, Amummba?" on each side of me holding a live chicken over my "They are just fine; haven't been sick since we head. Then they pulled the chicken apart, and were here last. Mariam passed a hundred worms the warm blood would fall on my head and my (the amount of worms is usually spoken of with breasts. What fell into the water they would dip pride instead of shame) with her worm medicine up and make me drink. Oh, it was awful! None and now she eats and sleeps well again." of that kept my babies from dying. Since coming "You still have quinine then?" I ask. to these clinics I know it must have been malaria "Yes, I won't need any today." that made them sick. Look how well and strong The next mother may have a different story. these two are now!"

"How is Belinga? He looks a little peaked." Mezene was up next, "I lost two babies just be- "Oh, he is better now, but he was so sick last cause we didn't know. They had convulsions- week; fever like fire and vomiting, but when I so everybody said I must have seen an animal die gave him the castor oil and quinine the way you in a trap. You know how they quiver just before told us to, he soon got well. How I thank you for they die? We would take the baby to an ekuk letting me have the quinine and castor oil to keep tree and hold it over a fire that we would build at in my house." its base while the men would climb the tree and So each mother's children are seen and pre- cut the bark so that the sap would run on the scribed for according to their needs. baby while we rubbed it into its skin. Oh, all the At our last clinic we had a testimonial meeting. foolish things we used to do. Now all we need to "What good have you derived from the clinic?" do is to give the babies quinine when they are Bilo'o stood up immediately and exclaimed: sick."

"Edima, if we started to talk that now, five Story after story was told to show how syphili- o'clock would still find us talking!" tic babies had been helped, how superstitious be- Ebutu rose with her lovely baby in her arms. liefs had been explained away-the agony of red "You haven't any idea of the trouble I have had," pepper solutions in ear and nose; the pouring of she said. "My babies died one right after another herb solutions into the nose of the baby until its and all the people said I had an evil spirit in me breathing was stopped and it died!

that wanted to kill me but I always made it kill Clinic is finished, and the mothers are wending my babies instead. Oh, all the herbs they made their way home in all directions. As we load the me drink and the mean things they did to me, and car some of the mothers give us their babies to how they talked! That is why I brought this baby take with us to make their long journey a little to the clinic. She is hardly ever sick now. When easier, and we deliver the babies along the road she does get sick like my others, I just give her to waiting brothers or sisters.

quinine and she gets well. When she was sick that Tired, yes, dead tired and yet what a warm first time and I came to the hospital, all the women feeling around my heart as we start back to in the town were saying, "See, Ebutu's evil spirit Foulassi. What greater reward would one want is going to kill this baby now! When I brought than the thrill that goes through me as these it back they couldn't believe their eyes." women pray, "God, we thank Thee for putting it Nyagon rose, before Ebutu was finished, and into the heart of Edima to help us and to teach us said: how to care for our children whom Thou hast "Edima, my babies always died too. They all given us."

said my milk was bad because my babies always Musing over the day's work, I too, thank God vomited, had fever, would get thin and die. Some for putting it into my heart to do this.

For the mighty temptation of this age, which appears in every shape possible, is that we no longer appreciate the intensity and exclusiveness of the demand which the Divine Word makes as such when looking at the force of other demands: so that in our anxiety in face of existing dangers we no longer put our whole trust in the authority of God's Word, but we think we ought to come to its aid with all sorts of contrivances, and we thus throw quite aside our confidence in the Word's power to triumph. That is to say, we think ourselves capable of facing, solving, and moulding definite problems better from some other source than that from and by means of God's Word. -Karl Barth, quoted in "The United Church Review."

Story of Bright Hope

By the REV. GEORGE H. WINN, Seoul, Korea Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WE WERE still at the breakfast table when One day I felt that I must go to the church, but the doorbell rang. My friend proved to be it was not to beat the pastor. A different attitude Mr. Bright Hope Plum, who had just of mind had come upon me. I just desired to go graduated from Pierson Memorial Bible Institute -my feelings of hatred had disappeared and in- stead I wished to see and hear. Up to this time in Seoul.* Mr. Plum is a good looking fellow, I had never gone to church and I did not know what it meant to be a Christian. pleasing in manner. His people are well to do, and of the upp~r class. His early call made me "Without saying a word to my family, or my wonder if something untoward had happened. friends, because I was ashamed to let them know of my change of attitude, I slipped away and went With a few casual remarks, he announced the up the valley some ten li where the church is reason for his coming. He desired very much to located. Was it not very strange that they hapenter the Seminary in Pyeng Yang, and I told pened to be having a revival going on just at that him that I would see what I could do to get him in. time? I had not known about it and went in ignorance, not knowing why I went. During the conversation something of the circumstances of his life came up, and I encouraged "So I went in and sat down-a bit fearfully perhim to tell me more. In a very humble and even haps, and Mr. Gold, the pastor, got up and began reluctant manner he told me of his finding the to speak. He told the story of the Prodigal Son Lord. The story as drawn from him and put to- -that was what his sermon was about. I immegether is as follows: diately gave my ears to that story. How much like my life, I thought! Interested, I clung to "I was formerly very evil, spending my time in every word that was spoken-but even then I did bad ways, having what the world may call 'a good not comprehend what it all meant. Toward the time.' I drank, gambled and went into all the close of his talk, Pastor Gold said, 'We are all like excesses of youth. Moreover I despised and even this prodigal; we have all gone far from God, and hated Christianity, though I had no real reason it was for sins just like this that our Lord Jesus for so doing. Not far from our village there was died on the Cross. Our sins crucified Him.' That a church which was prospering more or less. We was like a dagger going right into my breast. did not like to have a church in our vicinity; the Was it possible that my sins were the reason why young men in our town got together to see what Jesus was crucified? It was an entirely new we could do about it." thought; and right there I was converted. A change came over me and it must have been that (Here his voice faltered -and he hung his head I was reborn at that moment. while the red mounted to his face.) "I had gone only for the day but I could not "We decided we would drive that pastor out of leave! I was finding something very new! For our valley. How to do this was the question; but five whole days I forgot everything else and I we finally decided to lay hands upon him and beat stayed to the end of those revival meetings. Then him up to such an extent that he would never came thoughts of home and my people and friends, come to these parts again. and the realization that they too must know of this Jesus doctrine. But how could I tell them? "We decided that a group of us young fellows I went to Pastor Gold and told him he must come would go to the church on a Sunday morning, with me to my native town and preach there. So make a bold raid right in the midst of the wor- I returned home, bringing the pastor with me! ship, seize the pastor and give him a lesson that he would never forget. We bided our time, an- "When my people saw me coming back they ticipating a really exciting experience! were at first very glad, for they had not known where I had been or what had happened to me. "After these plans were made a strange thing They supposed that I had gone off on one of my occurred. I cannot tell how or why. It must have been God's Spirit. There is no other explanation. sprees, but then because I stayed so long they • The buildings for that institute' were erected some years ago by the family and friends of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson with a keen desire tsochfoulratrhehradinstKooodr.ea ItnhethtyepecooufrsBe ibolfe ttheeacyheianrgs ftohrerwehhicahvethgaotneBiobulet f~~~e:eo~n~~~t~~"v:-~!n[O~~~e~en whose lives have been splendid [188 ] were afraid I was gambling or might even have Seoul I came here and studied, and while studycommitted suicide. ing I never stopped praying for my folks down in the country. "When I told them of my wonderful experience, how I had become a Christian, they did not know "After almost a year of study I went home for whether to be glad because I had returned or sad the summer vacation and my family apparently because I was believing the Jesus Way. My were a little more reconciled to my being a Chrisfather did not like it at all and scolded and threat- tian. Then I called the family together and told ened me very much. them we would have Bible study. For a whole month I had a class in the Bible with my own peo- "Then there was the pastor I had brought to ple and tried to teach them the things I had preach in the town-that of course they did not learned. like, and complained much because of all the rice that had to be given to a stranger. However, we "First my elder brother decided to believe; went on preaching, the pastor and I, and we then after he had' come out, my father accepted gathered the people to our guest room, in spite of Christ, and then all the rest; so all twelve, our the objections of my parents. We had meetings whole household, came to believe. Now our house and I told my ;friends about Jesus, and sang for has become a regular place of worship. We them the hymn I had just learned-still my favor- started with our family; then two or three more ite hymn, 'Oh Happy Day that Fixed My Choice.' came and now thirty attend. Our guest room is But they would not believe, and they explained so crowded when we meet that we do not know the change in my life by saying, 'he has gone what we can do. We need a church building and crazy.' Further my parents wanted to know what before going to Seminary I am going home to see was the sense of offering prayer before eating. what we can do about a meeting place.

"So I tried to start a work in our town but I "My purpose is to serve the Lord. Do you think found I did not know much about the Bible. I I can enter the Seminary?" was afraid that I might not teach correctly or might even teach error; so I thought 'I must I replied that I would see what could be done know more about the Bible.' and that I trusted the way would be opened up before him. Is not a man with such a Christian "Having heard of the Pierson Bible School in experience worthy of going on to the Seminary?

THE "CONVERSION" OF SOME BRITISH NAVAL OFFICERS By THE RIGHT REV. BISHOP LANDER, Formerly of Hong Kong In 1907 I had occasion to go down to visit the Church in Pakhoi, South China, and the Admiral of the British Fleet kindly gave me a lift on a British cruiser. The officers said, "Frankly, we don't believe in missions at all. We think missionaries do far more harm than good."

"That is interesting to me," I replied, "because you have seen more than I have. It would be a good plan if we had a good look around this mission at Pakhoi, and see what there is to be seen! Come ashore with me for two or three days. If you are right then I will undertake to write to the Society and ask that the missionaries be withdrawn, that their stipends be stopped, and the work be closed down."

We arrived, and had a great deal of difficulty in landing. We found a number waiting in the Church for confirmation. The eight naval officers sawall that was going on. After the service in the Church we went into the general hospital and saw Dr. Bradley and Dr. Thomp- son and English nurses at work among the Chinese. Then we went on to the Leper Hospital, where there were a large number of lepers. I said to one of the officers: "What do you think about the missionaries?" He looked at me and replied: "I was blind and now I can see I"

Next day we came back to the ship. After a while I said, "What about it, men?"

"Bishop," they replied, "we had no idea that there was a work like that. We have been entirely misinformed and are quite willing to be subscribers." There is a bed there now bear- ing a glass plate with this inscription: "This bed is supported by the officers and the men of , , ship." -From Conquest by Healing.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,==~======================= YOUTH AND THE WORLD create a new world order – a no longer true. The world has shrunk. challenge to the youth of Wales The West is vitally influencing the SITUATION to take its share of responsibility East and the East is equally affecting in the reconstruction of our the West. There are prominent evils The piety of the Welsh .folk ~s world on the principles of Jesus in Christendom which are being copied proverbial and nowhere IS thIS Christ, which ~lone can bring more in evidence than in their peace and happmess to the na- in heathen lands, and some dark 0:'- zeal for missions. Rev. Watcyn tions." Numerous conferences M. Price, Organizing and Trav- in strategic centers are held iental practices are finding a home In eling Secretary for Foreign ~is­ under the auspices of The United our land. Weare interdependent, anti sions in the Welsh PresbyterIan Missionary Council for Wales neither the East nor the West can church, has recently written ex- (inclusive of ten different de- escape this reciprocating influence. pressing his interest in our nominations and Christian or- Methods Department and enclos- ganizations) as well as of the Young Wales must take its part in ing some of the missionary lit- several individual cooperative or- the formation of aNew World Ordm', erature from his own field. ganizations, great speakers giv- and the aim of this movement is to Three features stand out pre- ing inspirational addresses and help our young men and women to a eminently: (1) The amount of leading group conferences. No better understanding of the problems cooperative and union mission- stronger call of youth to the of humanity and to call on youth to ary work done in Wales. (2) colors could be imagined than the take its share of responsibility in their The stress upon youths' part and conference programs indicate. solution. place. (3) The paramount dy- Mr. Price writes: namic for Kingdom extension. Three fundamental factors are: (1) Says Mr. Price in "Aims and You will be glad to learn that we Ideals for Missionary Workers are having a wonderful time among To know-to discover the facts. Enat Home": the young people of Wales just now, thusiasm for the good of man is not and particularly in our .own Presby- safe unless it is based on knowledge. In a consideration of the missionary terian church. There IS a marked …… The "brotherhood of man" call motive the will of Christ must be the awakening among the youth of the is an idle platitude unless there is sufstartin'g point. . . . .. If Christ willed churches. ficient interest in man to know as the evangelization of the world, those much as possible about him. (2) To pray-to discover the purpose of God. "There is only one way to perpetual peace, and that is by bringing all na- tions and races to accept one ideal and to obey one law… . .. The high ad- venture to which youth is summoned is that of making God's law supreme throughout the world. Only through communion with God can we discover who desire to be His disciples will be We on this side of the Atlantic what is His law and purpose for man- may well ponder the u?dergird- kind." (3) To serve-to go forward set on giving effect to that will. He?ce ing principles of thIS You~h the missionary motive is the carrymg in service is essential. …… The na- tions are waiting for a service based out of the eternal purpose of God for on love, enlightened by knowledge and the world, and those who identify Movement in a day when mIS- understanding. The League of Nathemselves with it have behind them tions will become truly effective only the power of God. Its final success is sionary zeal seems on the decline. so far as it is a League of Love and assured. Apparent failure and dis- The campaign leaflet says in Service. couragements are only invitations to part: Among the suggestions for methods renewed effort…… The invincible Race isalation is no longer possible. of work are: (1) To read and study power of almighty God is behind those The world is no longer divided up into at least one book each season which separate sound-proof continent~ and deals with some aspect of the world who set themselves to do the will of nations' it is rather a great whIsper- situation. (2) To undertake each year Him who bade us go and preach the ing gailery. What is 'Yhispered i!l one definite piece of service for the London is heard at once m Shanghal. local church and community and for Word to all nations…… When we the extension of the Kingdom in other The conversations in Berlin are au- lands. (3) To meet together at regurge the primary claims of missions dible in Vancouver, constantly the in- ular times for fellowship and prayer. fluence of every bad thing becomes abroad we have Christ at our side putting words into our mouths and say- instantly world wide. It ·flashes like ing, "Yes, it was for this that I called My Church into being."

The Young Wales Christian lightning throug~ all .the .ea!th. The motto for the Girls' Mis- Movement Education wnwh ~s ltrrlflted to a sionary Auxiliary in the regular country or a parish is inadequate. The widening of horizons is the finest church work is likewise a key- This is one of the most note- form of education. It does more for note for our own endeavor: "The worthy features of the work in peace and goodwill upon the earth Wales. Utmost for the Highest," and the than many sermons and eloquent ora- comprehensive admonition to the Its avowed motive is "To Welsh folk everywhere is most tions. . East is East and West t8 West is [190 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

timely in East and West: "Learn Indian costumes, pictures and with Today's Youth. Youth is ever by practice the power of prayer." dolls; African musical instru- ready for speed and thrills. Can't ments, tooth chains, a complete A Young Women's Project village, etc. you ever rest-and like it? If you In the Eastside Presbyterian Much appreciation was ex- ever listened to me you would know church of Paterson, N. J., the pressed in view of the attractive young women gave a unique pro- form in which the information this is an age of leisure too. Many gram with exhibits at a service was given. folks would love your eleven hour~ under the auspices of the Women's Missionary Society, the A Book Shelf Fantasy of leisure and the one hour of activity. theme of the evening being, "The World." After the opening de- Two cardinal 13rinciples need "Today's Youth": Yes, but leisure votional service and a motion to be borne in mind in our propicture of mission work in cedure with young people: (1) isn't so wonderful unless you can get Alaska, the meeting became in- Missions from the educational some relaxation out of it. formal. Around the room were point of view make a strong aparranged attractive exhibits peal, linking themselves up with "Builders of a New World": What's from practically all the Presby- the habit and attitude of mind of terian mission stations, each the average young person. (2) that about leisure? The author of my booth in charge of a group of Imaginative vehicles for infor- pages says some telling things about young women (mostly cos- mation vastly increase receptumed). They located their sta- tivity. While judgment increases leisure. Did you see those recent fads tions on maps, gave information with the years, imagination has concerning climate and character its major innings in youth. A in America, as Mr. Bartlett (author) of countries, life and dress of particularly successful survey of people, mission work in progress the leading adult study books for lists them? Do you think they indior needed, etc. These exhibits the current year, giving an inbegan with local work inclusive formational view of the field cov- cate worthy interests and ability to of City Missions, the Florence ered, was written by Mrs. R. A. Crittenton Home, the Salvation Chandler, Galesburg, Ill.; and use our leisure? Now that working Army, churches, hospitals, Y. M. while it is impossible to give and Y. W. C. A.'s, etc., and ex- more than the merest skeleton of hours are shorter, all of us need traintended to the outermost limits the text, this will serve as a of missionary endeavor abroad. framework to be filled in locally ing in the use of the spare time we as well as an illustration of what The Alaskan project had a may be done with facts and a have. tiny village, an igloo, a minia- paint pot of imagination. ture team drawn by huskies, an "Christianity and Industry": That's Eskimo doll and numerous pic- Each character is dressed in tures. a paper or cardboard book cover true. My author stands up for wise of the same color as the volume The American Indian booth represented, with title and au- use of leisure, and for few enough contained wampum, basketry, thor's name printed on the rug loom and rugs and a costume "backbone" of the book (the working hours so that leisure can be doll. part visible when book stands on shelf) . When curtain rises, if heartily enjoyed. He believes in fair The Mountaineer exhibit de- one is available, it is lifted only picted the community work and as far as shoulders of actors so wages for an honest day's work, irvarious industries – woodcraft, that only "backbones" of a row handcraft, homespun, toys, pot- of books on a shelf are visible. respective of race or color; and he tery, photographs of life and cus- After a moment's silence, a clock toms in the district, etc. strikes twelve. Gradually books discusses at length the tragedy of en- move a little, step from places, Puerto Rico was exploited yawn, stretch, etc., then begin to forced leisure through unemployment. mainly with photographs which speak. were intimate studies of home (Subject matter of these two books and community life among the "Today's Youth and Tomorrow's people, also of mission hospitals World": There's something inside my further discussed in a way revealing and other ministering institu- pages about the way our age grows tions. more speedy every day, but Stanley their argument and main content.) High (author) never stood on a shelf The Foreign Fields were made waiting for midnight so that he could "The Never-Failing Light": And real with tiny figures depicting come alive or he would agree with me the different classes of Chinese, that the hour between eleven and it is 1/W,n who must operate the maminiature villages, idols, charms, twelve grows longer every night. This costumes, embroidery, samples is no age of speed! chines and who must respect their of the new writing, etc.; Persian dolls, prayer outfits, letters from "Christianity and Industry in AmBr- power and use it, but at the same time missionaries, a bed and pictures; ica": There! there! I suppose you are impatient because you deal only keep the souls of the workmen from following the deadly routine of an im- personal machine. Where but in Christ can be found the Never-Failing Light which will enable them to live abundantly in the midst of the me- chanical influences of the age? (Il- luminating discussion between this speaker and "Today's Youth.") "The Christian Mission in Amer- ica": Other influences, too, make for "spiritual bewilderment." We face moral confusion, lawlessness, secular- ism, narrow nationalism, and an or- ganized and powerful underworld.

"The N. F. Light": Communism raises its dangerous head over the world, as the revolt spirit of the masses grows. .

"The Christian Mission": I believe that over against all this moral wrong- ness we must list our Christian as- sets. Christianity, we know, is the Way of Life for millions. It provides a challenging moral standard to guide us. It expresses itself in a program of service. It is guided by the prin- ciple of the sacredness of personality.

"Eastern Women Today and To- morrow": How that idea of the indi- vidual is growing in the Orient!

Women are emerging from their se- clusion. The East has discovered that women are individuals with rights.

They have become economic assets- yes, even political powers. Watch the Orient if you want to see that idea grow.

"How Far to the Nearest Doctor?": The worth of each person, do you say?

My pages are crammed with living stories of those transformed by Christ who now follow in the steps of the

Great Physician, make sick bodies well are read instead of recited. Care studied in both the Women's Auxiliary and give refreshing draughts of the and the Men-of-the-Church. For the Water of Life to those who thirst. must be taken to select persons latter, the Sunday school offers three (Animated conversation among Dodd, courses with definite missionary em- Kerr, Woodsmall, Bartlett and High who have good voices and read phasis. (1) The Life and Letters of with expression. Study book -authors of books in question.) dramatizations are particularly Peter – a three-months' course de- "How Far?" etc.: Stop! Stop! signed to help the student become Take time to breathe or you'll regret available for this sort of per- formance. familiar with the life of Peter and his it! contribution to the spread of Chris- "Today's Youth": And while he is Multiplying the Talents tianity, and to lead the learner to a taking that long breath may I say that sustained loyalty to Jesus Christ. (2) among all the movements that have Cuba's leading newspaper, the The Life and Letters of Paul- a been started by young men, we need Havana Post, publishes the fol- course of similar length …… to learn a new mass movement – "a youth of the spread of the Gospel by mismovement that accepts Jesus' program lowing, which is quoted from the sionary work in the First Century, and as its platform and that takes Jesus' Congregationalist: to gain a world view of the task of spirit as its driving power." If such An analogy to the parable of the the Christian Church in the Twentieth a movement becomes a crusade, that Talents is to be found in one of the Century. (3) The Spread of Chriswill be the best thing we can do to forty societies of the Methodist Wom- tianity-a six months' course which right present conditions that are en's Missionary Conference of Cuba, gives a detailed study on the missionwrong. each of which receives a dollar a year ary activities of the early Church. To from the national organization for the these three distinctively missionary "The Christian Mission": For wom- benefit of the interdenominational courses should be added numbers of en and men, for youth and little chil- lessonS which touch on and emphasize dren, "the Cross is God's eternal home for children, at Cardenas. Re- missions. pledge of life's redemption and the ceiving their dollar from the national dynamic which constrains us to fellow- headquarters, this society divided it A survey of topics used in the ship with Him in the service of re- among their ten members, apportion- past few years in the Men-of-thedemption." ing a dime to each. One bought ten Church program reveals such subjects as these: "The Chal- "The N. F. Light": If we love one cents' worth of thread, using it to lenge Along Our State and another, He dwelleth in us. As we crochet a pair of baby's bootees which County Highways-Unchurched practice brotherhood in all human re- sold for twenty cents. Twenty cents Multitudes in Every Southern lationships, preaching the Gospel to in thread became a baby's cap which State"; "Who Is Responsible for the uttermost parts of the earth, heal- sold for forty cents, and before the Foreign Mis s ion s in This ing the sick, opening the eyes of soul evolution had ended, the ten cents' Church?"; "Is Our Church Carand intellect, feeding the hungry, ap- worth of thread had grown to an elab- rying too Heavy a Foreign Misplying Christ's Spirit to all the world's orately worked bedspread which sold sion Program?"; "Are PreachproblemS, then shall we move into a for eight dollars. Still more unusual ing the Gospel and Personal surer sense of the presence of God were the eight women who pooled their Evangelism Still Necessary on within us for time and eternity. resources and bought for eighteen the Foreign Field?"; "Mexico in cents a small pig. From week to week Texas-a Foreign Missionary "Eastern Women": I feel so alive! the pig is being "boarded" at the Opportunity at Home." "How Far?": I don't feel like a homes of the eight women; and when book at all! Christmas comes, bringing with it the Thus missions h a ve been active demand for pork, this pig will brought to the attention of the "Christianity and Industry": Per- go to market and the proceeds be adults, and especially of the men. haps we are coming alive. I believe added to the funds in support of the home. The original "talent" will have the ideas within our covers are any- increased between 8,000 and 10,000 way. per cent!

"Builders": And that must be the important thing. Even if we do go back to our shelf when the clock strikes one, perhaps we'll still be alive because somebody has read our Missions in the Adult Program Toasts for Missionaryships pages.

"Today's Youth": To stand on a In the Presbyterian Survey of shelf for eleven hours at a stretch W 0 r s hip (the devotional won't be so bad if the ideas on my January, 1934, appears a com- toast): Tuning in to the Divine pages are running about, getting exercise in the world. mendable outline of work for Wisdom and quietly listening to men, women usually "stealing "The N. F. Light": And we can talk the show" in missionary matters His counsel. again! C01npanionship: Cultivating to such an extent that a pastor, a sense of the Presence walking (Clock strikes one. BookS hurry in a recent dramatic sketch was along beside us at every hour of into places on shelf and there is silence made to say: "We pastors have as curtain falls.) If memorization of this expanded to work to keep ahead of tlie the day. sketch is impracticable, how about Partnership: A realization using the next device described here- women. What with their read- that God's plan requires our coin-"A Walking Rehearsal"? ing contests and study classes operation at every point. and points for number of books read and what not, I am com- Friendship: Sharing the best FIELD GLIMPSES pletely bewildered sometimes. things in our lives with others, Bless the women! We busy pas- far and near. A Walking Rehearsal Many a good dramatic sketch tors might get behind the times Stewardship: Acknowledgis unavailable because of the in our missionary outlook if they ment of God's ownership of perdifficulty in finding people who didn't keep prodding us on." sonality and possessions.

memorize well. The next best The aforementioned outline Lordsluip: Recognition of the thing is what is termed in theat- says, in part: authority and supremacy of J erical parlance "a walking rehearsal." Parts are assigned, In evaluating the place of missions sus Christ in every act and practiced and acted but the lines in the adult program it should be re- thought of life, inclusive of the membered that missions is' intensively obligations of missions. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'''''''i-================~-'====i~ GOD'S FOOL FLORIDA CHAIN OF MIS- SIONARY ASSEMBLIES Saint Paul, in writing to the church in Corinth, asked: Over five hundred consecrated Where is the wise? Where is church women in Florida carry the scribe? Where is the disputer of this world? Hath not responsibility for the Florida God made foolish the wisdom of the world? Chain of Missionary Assemblies CUlminating this year, January But we preach Christ cruci- 15-February 15, in meetings in fied, unto Jews a stumbling- Orlando, Deland, Winter Haven, Lakeland, Miami, Palm Beaches, block, and unto Gentiles foolish- Bradenton, Fort Myers, St. ness; but unto them that are Petersburg, Clearwater, Tampa, Gainesville and Jacksonville. called, both Jews and Greeks, Enrollment in each place varied. Christ the power of God and the In St. Petersburg, Florida, wisdom of God. Because the where this year marked the fiffoolishness of God is wiser than teenth annual session, 1621 permen; and the weakness of God sons registered. The registrais stronger than men . ….. Now tion in the thirteen cities was abo u t sixty-five thousand. the natural man receiveth not This did not include the audithe things of the Spirit of God: ences of city clubs, schools, park for they are foolishness unto forums, radio. In Miami, Bayhim; and he cannot know them, is within human experience to front Park, seven thousand perbecause they are spiritually sons heard E. Stanley Jones examined. know that often babes and fools speak. In all cities, young peo- perceive the Truth of mysteries ples' meetings were held. The Saint Luke records that Jesus and speak the Truth. entire missionary project is on one occasion burst into a carried by prayer, careful planprayer of thanksgiving to his The wise man wrote long ago ning, and service of many per- Father the "Lord of heaven and -The fear of God is the begin- sons. Miss B. Louise Woodford, earth" because He had revealed ning of wisdom. Where then is the State Chairman, gives full certain truths "unto babes." wisdom? The Cross, if spiritu- time to the project for five or ally examined, becomes the sym- six months of the year. Pastors bol of the Way of Eternal Life, cooperate. Denominational lines But we also are expected to so that the sad fool asks to praise are not emphasized. Baptists, grow up unto the stature of God through merriment, and the Methodists, Presbyterians, Lu- Jesus Christ. Where then is the weary troubled world of men re- therans, Episcopalians, and foolishness? Where is the wis- joice in the promise of the more o the r denominations 0 pen dom? The foolishness lies in abundant life as symbolized in churches and homes and help in man's proneness to dispute about the empty grave on Easter Day, this concentrated "witness to the the mysteries of God. Once achieved through death on the power of the Risen Christ." when Jesus seemed nigh dis- Cross. traught that his closest friends Therefore let us also, seeing The theme this year, "Chriswere arguing about rank in the we are compassed about with so tian Discipleship in a New Age," Kingdom of God, he placed a great a cloud of witnesses . …. . was presented by a faculty of child in their midst and spoke run with patience the race that sixteen "world ambassadors," quite sternly the Truth. The is set before us, looking unto among whom were E. Stanley child is teachable. Jesus …… who for the joy that Jones, and other home and for- eign missionaries. Your editor Recently a Christian said to was set before him endured the presented two subjects, "Christhe writer: "Don't let us con- cross, despising shame, and hath tian Women in Public Affairs," sider the meaning of the Cross. set down at the right hand of It is too difficult to understand, God. or folks argue about it. Let ~t It was He who told us that remain a mystery." And yet it "tlLe pure in heart shall see God."

[193 ] and "Pioneers on International Any further advance in home Home Missions Councils will Frontiers." Round Table dis- mission~ must be along construc- continue the cooperative decussions followed each presenta- tive lines of intensive, qualita- velopment of the usual lines of tion. Local churches opened tive, planned home missions, and promotion and missionary edutheir pUlpits to Sunday morning not along the lines of extensive, cation. The present proposal and evening services. quantitative, opportunistic home has in view a more constructive This brief report should also missions. There must be a approach to the Church at large include a statement that over larger statesmanship to cope through a nation-wide series of twelve hundred dollars' worth of with the new and complex age in conventions and conferences. books were sold in a well man- which we are living. aged bookroom, where THE MIS- The next home missions ad- III. Resolutions.

SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD vance must be a cooperative ad- A. That the Home Missions was displayed. It gave the editor vance. There must be a demon- Council and the Council of Wompersonal satisfaction to meet stration of our essential unity in en for Home Missions in joint church members who find the the common task of evangelizing session January 11, 1934, ap- Bulletin inspiring and practical. and christianizing America. prove and authorize the sug- If every individual Christian Home missions must be re- gested program of Cooperative and every church with prayer established in the consciousness Home Missions Advance. and confidence of the Church. and cooperative planning deter- There must be recreated in the B. That, in order to complete mined, under the leadership of Church a sense of need and the work of the present Joint Jesus Christ and his Way of urgency for home missions, a Committee on Five-Year Pro- Life, to make Christian the com- desire to share religious privi- gram and to carry forward this munity and national life, the leges, and a knowledge of the twofold advance in program whole nation would come to new changed demands upon home and promotion, a Joint Commitlife which could and would de- mission boards and agencies, as tee on Planning and Strategy be stroy social evils in our midst indicated in the book, "Home appointed to serve for five years and hasten the day when man Missions Today and Tomorrow." from January, 1934, to be conwill do his part to realize in his Love for God the Father must stituted as follows: day the second part of the be increasingly demonstrated in angels' song, loving service to man, as brother. The members of the Joint Commit- tee on Comity and Cooperation of the Glory to God in the Highest II. The Report suggests two two Home Missions Councils; three And on earth peace, goodwill general lines of advance. representatives each from the Fed- eral Council of the Churches and the among men. A. Advance in pro g ram. International Council of Religious Education; the Executive Secretary They are, b r i e fl y THE COOPERATIVE HOME of the Community Church Workers; stated: the Executive Secretary of the Mis- MISSION ADVANCE sionary Education Movement; and the 1. Making any further necessary sur- Executive Secretaries of the two Home On January 11, 1934, the Missions Councils. Committee on Five-Year Pro- veys or special studies. gram of Survey and Adjustment, 2. Immediate steps to complete the or- C. That the Chairman of the and the Committee on Review Joint Committee on Comity and and Forecast appointed in June, ganization of state, city, and re- Cooperation of the Home Mis- 1933, made their report to the gional interdenominational coun- sions Councils act as convenor of Home Missions Council and the this new Joint Committee on Council of Women for Home cils. Planning and Strategy and that Missions. In the 440-page vol- 3. Occupancy of neglected home mis- the Committee then elect its own ume entitled, "Home Missions Chairman and Secretary. sion fields. Today and Tomorrow," * there 4. Conscientious facing, with new de- D. That the executive work of the Joint Committee on Planwas recommended in Section XV termination, all questions of ning and Strategy be in the office an advance in home missions. comity, including the securing of of the Home Missions Council. The Home Mission Councils in the adoption of the comity prinannual meeting accepted this ciples of the Home Missions E. That the Committee on challenge and unanimously ap- Council by all constituent bodies. Planning and Strategy be auproved, by rising vote, the fol- 5. Extending the field of cooperative thorized to invite the cooperation lowing plan for a New Coopera- action through the Home Mis- in the proposed state conventions tive Home Mission Advance: sions Councils by enlarging their and conferences of other inter- function, by using them in spe- denominational agencies. I. The proposal for advance is cial types of service and for the based upon the following development of coordinated pro- F. That the Boards and grams in various mission fields. agencies, and ecclesiastical 6. Giving more attention to various administrative questions, such as personnel requirement, more thor- ough coordination of programs in the field, improvement of tech- nical standards of work, effecting necessary readjustment of work, considerations: sharpening objective of each bodies constituent to these co- phase of work. operating councils be asked to * ((Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." B. Advance in promotion. approve this Cooperative Pro- It is expected that the Joint gram of Advance and recom- A Review and Forecast. Edited by Hermann N. Morse. Price, $2. It can be secured from the Home Missions Council, 105 East 22d Street, New York. Committee on Promotion of the mend it to their constituency.

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~'~I~~=A=M=iss=ion=ary=N=ews=pa=per=of=Cu=rre=nt =Eve=nts=====~~ INDIA rias insists that this "impedi- tor, found that it was difficult for ment to India's conversion" must villagers to understand the Bi- Differences Are Imaginary be removed by convincing India ble published in the classical that "Christ has not come to Marathi version. Determined to Mr. K. Natarajan believes that eradicate all that constitutes In- give these people the Scriptures the greatest obstacle to an un- dian civilization," but rather in a more simple form she began derstanding of India by Western that He desires "to transform it the task of Bible translation. peoples is the impression that with a new glory of perfection." With a few of her best students the people of India are wholly she took up the study of Hebrew different from themselves. He -Dnyanodaya. and Greek and with the aid of affirms that the people of India these loyal assistants translated are neither more spiritual nor Trust the Indians the entire Bible into a simple more materialistic than the peo- form of Marathi. Women and ple of America. Indians may Dr. Foss Wescott, the Bishop girl students printed and bound talk more of religion and Amer- of Calcutta and Metropolitan of the translation after it had been icans more of wealth; but in India, who recently returned to completed. The volume is an practical life the chief preoccu- India after spending s 0 m e admirable translation and is repation of both is how to get on months in Great Britain, was markable in that it is entirely in the world. profoundly impressed with the the work of women, all first gen- obvious conviction among lead- eration Christians converted The idea of Indians being met- ers that the one hope of a solu- from Hinduism, and is probably aphysicians and mystics has tak- tion of today's world problems the only complete Bible transen a strong hold on the Ameri- lay in a religious revolution. He lated, printed and bound by can mind. Mr. Natarajan says: has returned with great faith in women. A copy, presented to "At the conclusion of my last lec- the possibilities of the Oxford the American Bible Society, may ture in Chicago some women re- movement. Referring to the be seen at New York. quested me to deliver some lec- proposals for a new constitution tures on metaphysics. I told for India, he said that the pres- "Ashram" at Vellore them that I knew very little of ent difficulties of India were due the subject, but they seemed in large measure to the suspicion "Be still and know that I am to think that every man from In- and fear which prevailed on all God." This challenging call to dia was an expert metaphysi- sides. He held that the Church meditation is carved on the door cian." -Congregationalist. should lead in restoring har- posts of the beautiful "House of mony, and that this could only Prayer" of the VeIlore Ashram, Why India Resists be done by showing that we which was dedicated on October trusted the real leaders of the 22d. The building differs from Dr. A. C. E. Zacharias, in his nation. the usual one, following as it recent book "The Renascent In- does the Dravidian type of archidia," says that the movement for "According to the white paper tecture. The service of dedicasocial and religious reform is proposals," he said, "the eccle- tion was chosen from various above and before eveLI'ything a siastical portfolio would be in the sources ;-an old song from the matter of the spirit. hands of the Governor-General, Latin, a call to silence, several not of his council. This seems psalms, the common confession It is the Spirit of God, breath- to argue a mistrust of the leaders of sin, prayers of invocation and ing where it listeth, which has of the nation, and the question adoration, Solomon's prayer at inspired the spirits of men." is whether we should not take the dedication of the temple in the necessary steps to show that Jerusalem, a litany of dedication, . . . Hindus refuse, "not so we are prepared to trust them a song written by a brother Ashmuch the Christian faith, as its to do what is just and right." ramite-all were woven together European form." St. Augus- and put in printed form so that tine's explanation of why the -Christian Century. all could take the message home Jewish elite of our Lord's day and ponder over it. would not accept Him, parallels Indian Woman's Bible India's resistance to Jesus Christ The Ashram was built primarfrom "the fear that if all be- While carrying on famine re- ily for the use of Hindus. From lieved in Christ, none would be lief work among the Marathi, the School come each morning left to defend their own divine who number nearly 17,000,000 in civilization and polity against the Bombay presidency, Saras- Western invaders." Dr. Zacha- vati Ramabai, the gifted educa- [195 ]

for prayer and meditation 125 ing, longing to find salvation and Siam in December, 1928, in- peace which can be found only in the children, almost all Hindus. The spired some Siamese Christians visitors are principally Hindus. Lord Jesus Christ. Over 7,000 meet- to plan for a National Church. The Sunday afternoon services ings with upwards of 300,000 total at- In 1930, the National Christian tendance have been held this last year. for women, the special gather- -News Bulletin. Council was formed, and in 1933 ings, all will be attended largely the national Christians are com- by nonChristian audiences. Burme.se Village Turns mitted to the establishment of -Christian Intelligencer. Christian The Church of Christ in Siam. The decision was reached after Caring for Lepers in India Benj amin M. Jones, a Metho- dist missionary, tells in the an assurance that the mission- There are probably more lep- Christian Advocate how one aries, the Boards of Foreign ers in India in proportion to the Kachin village in Burma became Missions, and the Church in total population than in most of 100% Christian, after having America approved, and that such the other parts of the world. opposed it to the extent of mov- The latest (1931) Census re- ing two hundred miles into the a step would not remove the misports 148,000 lepers in India, or jungle to escape the Gospel. sionary, nor sever the ties that 42 lepers per every 100,000 peo- bind them to European and ple. The Mission to Lepers re- An evangelist of the Karen American Christian groups. ports: race went to the village to try to win them. He acquired a lot and A constitution based largely At the end of 1932, 6,509 sufferers went for bamboo to build his on the constitution of The from leprosy were accommodated in house. When he got back he Church of Christ in China has the Homes in India for which the Mis- been drawn up and widely cir- culated in every Christian group.

sion is financially respons,ible; and found the villagers had put up A revision committee is at work 801 healthy children of leper parents a shrine and dedicated it, and it on the Siamese phraseology of were being cared for. Five years ago must not be moved. He acquired the Constitution. The task comthe figures were 5,581 and 769 respec- another site and rushed up his pleted it will be formally pre- tively, and ten years ago 4,652 and 565. Thus in the last ten years re- house in one day to avoid its be- sented to the missions and by sponsibility for the care of nearly 2,000 more patients, and over 200 more ing broken down. He made them to their Boards for sanchealthy children, has been shouldered. friends with the children but tion. This is progress for which we cannot could get no access to the old -Presbyterian Advance.

but be deeply grateful. . . . India at folks. At last one of the lads bepresent must answer the charge of so largely allowing the immense problem came very ill. His relatives sac- CHINA of her neediest, most friendless lepers, rificed fowls then pigs. He only A Message of Fellowship to fall upon the shoulders of men and grew worse and they were pre- women from other lands who strive, paring to sacrifice three buffa- At its ninth annual meeting and even agonize, to provide for these loes, when the lad died, or they broken folk whose claim for help can thought he did. Then the lad's The National Christian Council be so hardly denied. mother went to the Christian sent a message to Christians in -Dnyanodaya. teacher and said, "You say your America, the gist of which is in the following paragraph: God can raise the dead. Come Seeking for Truth now and try it on my son and we We have heard with deep sympathy of the difficulties and anxieties from The Bombay Christian Coun- will believe." The teacher asked which you are suffering as a result of the present economic depression. Our cil has held its 22d annual meet- the mother to take away all the common suffering in this time of deing. The American Board was emblems of spirit worship. She pression brings home to our minds represented by Dr. Wilbur S. said she didn't dare to, but that afresh the unity of mankind. We Deming and Dr. B. P. Hivale, he might do so himself. Then he realize something of the burden that laid his hands on the boy and the last few years have meant for you brilliant Indian lecturer who vis- prayed, and the boy immediately in continuing the help that you give ited America in 1928. They re- sat up and threw his arms to the Church in China, and would port: express our gratitude for that help around the teacher. The teacher There is a marked difference in the began to sing and the boy joined and our keen appreciation of the sacriattitude of the people everywhere, and in. The teacher forbade him, ficial love that prompts your giving. in some towns the caste people gave saying that he was too weak and In the midst of our own distress and our Gospel teams a most cordial wel- the anxieties of our critical national come making all the arrangements for must not exhaust himself. The situation, we feel more deeply than the meetings, and helping us in gath- ever the spiritual value of Christian ering the people together to hear the boy denied that he was weak and fellowship and friendship as a sustain- Message. We feel that day by day the asked for food. His previous ing power. Our common difficulties people are becoming more interested in Christ and crowds always gather trouble had been that he could draw us closer together and we face to hear the songs and testimonies. not swallow food. The signs of them in the confident hope that you will stand by us.

There was never before in India such weakness and illness disapa religious awakening as there is to- Business Man Gives Gospel day. People of all creeds are seeking peared from him at once. Tent certainty and truth, and as they are not able to find it in their own re- Siamese National Church A well-to-do business man in ligions they eagerly turn to the Chris- Hongkong, Mr. Lim Tsu Hong, tians to try to find out what they have The celebration of the Cen- came to visit his father, ordained and what they believe. They are wait- tenary of Protestant Missions in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Baptist pastor at Kim Khe, 27 good works. She initiated the sionaries and Chinese Christians miles west of Kityang, South "officers' Moral Welfare Associa- perished together in 1900, and is tion," promoted by General a memorial to those martyrs. It China. While there he mani- Chiang, and in Nanchang the was built in 1924, at a cost of fested great interest in evangel- Women's Aid Society for the $34,000, one-third of which was istic work, and offered $1,000 for wounded soldiers was organized given by Chinese. During the the purchase of a gospel tent and by her during April of last year, three days of meetings the older with the cooperation of the lead- church members recalled the outfit. A tent-maker was found ing women of the city and of the scenes of earlier days; and and the contract let for a tent Church. At that time there were many younger Christians heard 40 x 60 feet. A good portable 1,227 wounded in Nanchang, and for the first time, or in greater organ, four gas lanterns, a plat- this Aid Society entered upon detail, of 1900 and the years preform and 50 benches completed three kinds of work for them;- ceding. -Missionary Herald. giving out comfort packages the outfit. Within two weeks the (with Mme. Chiang's very prac- A Christian Library School tent was finished and shipped to tical and generous financial Swatow. Two days later, after aid); training a first aid class Boone Library School at Wua dedicatory service, the outfit and visiting the wounded in the chang is the only one of its kind was loaded into a boat and towed hospitals once a week. Knowing in all China. It is maintained by to a village for its initial cam- that caring for the physical com- the Protestant Episcopal Mispaign. In the six months fol- fort of the soldiers was not sion. Mr. Samuel Seng, libralowing, nine campaigns, varying enough, Mme. Chiang asked the rian, has twenty-one students in from seven to eighteen days, churches to form an evangelistic the two classes, coming from were held. Frequently, as many committee to carry the Gospel to eight provinces. One or more as a thousand crowded into the the wounded. students come from Canton and tent. Classes of 20 to 30 were Shanghai, Peiping and Manchuorganized for further study. -The Presbyterian. ria, from Szechuan and even ·from Yunnan, the far southwest- -Missions. New Bible Society ern province. Students from Yunnan require twenty days to The Shantung Revival Thinking that three Bible So- reach Wuchang in Central cieties-the British and Foreign, China. At the annual Conference of the American and the Scotch- were not enough for China, Some students hold scholarthe Southern Baptist's Mission Chang Chi Kiang, the ex-war- ships from the China Founda- lord, who has been an earnest tion, an educational fund; a few in North China, encouraging Christian for several years, has are sent by provincial bureaus of joined with three other Chinese education; two are sent by limessages were given as to the notables to establish what is braries, and the others are self- called, "The Eastern China Bi- supporting. Graduates are fillwidespread revival movement ble Society." These four had a ing important library positions popular meeting, and each one in many parts of China. going on in its field. In Pingtu spoke on the importance of Bi- ble study and what it meant to JAPAN-CHOSEN county one thousand have been them. They hope to arrange the Bibles in a spectacular way- Tokyo's Week of Evangelism baptized since the last confer- making them appear attractive -thus hoping to sell more. One hundred and sixty Japaence. A new church with 167 Chang Chi Kiang had a Bible nese Christian churches of all printed several years ago with denominations in Tokyo united members has been organized. a most attractive binding- in the observance of "Christian largely gilt with black. Week," from November 5th to Four hundred dollars' worth of 12th, to assist "in the regenera- -Presbyterian Survey. tion of the nation in this period Bibles were sold during the year. of emergency." This city-wide Taiku's Celebration Christian campaign was con- In Tsinan another new church ducted by all Christian leaders The American Board Mission under the banner of the National has been organized. From this in Taiku, Shansi, celebrated its Christian Regeneration Move- fiftieth anniversary on October ment; and its program was the field ten students have entered 28th, 29th, 30th. Community, result of eighteen months of churches and schools were well preparation by a committee of the Hwanghsien Seminary. In represented, and ~oo Christians seventeen members. from the country came in for the connection with the city church gathering. The meetings were The chairman, Rev. Kunio Ko- held in City Church which daira, stated that if human help twenty-eight evangelistic bands stands on the spot where mis- were sufficient to save the indi- vidual and the society that is have been active. One of these is composed of men from the Government Construction Bu- reau who were converted during the year. Schools and hospitals have shared in this revival move- ment. Hwanghsien had forty- two bands working out from the city church, the schools and the hospital. At Laiyang the county's first Chinese pastor was or- dained. It is noted that the chief emphasis was laid upon the "fruits of the spirit" in daily life. -Chinese Recorder.

A Christian Example Mme. Chiang is a practical Christian, as shown by. her many

against the wall, there would be by Japanese Methodists. The tory come two or three times a no crisis. The only salvation is pastor is the adopted son of a week for Bible study; and three through Christ alone. "Through missionary's cook, and a grad- of them have recently been bapthe love of Christ we must find uate of Kwansei Gakuin. Since tized and one confirmed. strength for ourselves and for the dedication, the Sunday our nation. Through our move- School has increased 200 per -C. M. S. Outlook.

ment, which will extend into cent. -World Outlook. Christian Forces Need Support every part of our nation, we seek A well-informed correspond- ent in Japan says in a recent letto embody into the Japanese Conscience Wins ter to the American Board: spirit the highest ideals of our It is now required that Japa- All is not joy in Japan. The de- nese school children shall be tak- fense of Manchukuo against the infaith, as we are convinced that en periodically to a Shinto shrine roads of bandits and the threat of in- to do reverence to the Emperor. vasion from China is a constant drain where strength has failed, spirit Whether this is a religious or pa- on human and financial resources. Old triotic observance is not clear, Mr. Depression is still in the saddle and the new soul will win. . . . but it has enough likeness to a with General Militarism. Japan is religious rite to raise a question trying to canter along as before, but We see the great mission of Jap- of conscience for Christians. In it takes more food in the form of taxes a small town in the interior of to carry such fat riders together. anese Christians to regenerate Japan some four or five school Next year's national budget has just children refused to join their been announced as Y2,111,500,OOO, and their spirit, and contribute to classmates in the required visit is sixty million yen larger than this to the shrine. As a result, the year's record; Y935,OOO,OOO will go to the national strength of spirit Minister of Education withdrew military expenses. The police are try- the permission under which a ing to uproot the spread of commuand idealism that will in them- small Christian mission in the nism, but it seems to be spreading locality operated. The (;ther in- among the sons and daughters of the selves be contributions to inter- cident occurred in a factory wealthy, as well as among the stunational security, peace and where a large number of girls dents, teachers and even judges. -Missions. are employed. The owners had Meanwhile strong leaders of liberal unity." erected a Shinto shrine in the tendencies are apt to be murdered by compound, which they required reactionary bands. Against Licensed Evil the girls to visit in order to do reverence to the Emperor. The Korea Mission Jubilee The campaign against licensed seven or eight Christians among prostitution which is being the employees refused to join in The Presbyterian Mission will waged by many Japanese women this observance, and were dis- be fifty years old on September is making real progress. Re- missed from their jobs as a re- 20, 1934. For this reason it cently the last licensed house in sult. Note what followed. All plans to hold a Jubilee in Seoul the Akita Prefecture was closed. the other girls went on strike, at its next annual meeting, June Success is due largely to Mrs. and remained away, until the 30th to July 3, 1934. This cele- Hayakawa who has for several Christian girls were reinstated. bration begun in Seoul, will be years championed the cause of continued throughout the coungirls who wished to be freed -Congregationalist. try and extend well into the from their degrading servitude. spring of 1935, as the plans are When she learned that three In the Factories now. It will be marked by spegirls had appealed under their cial preaching of the Gospel and legal rights to the police but Evangelistic work is being prosecution of the great forward without results, she went to the done in Kurume's factories, and movement, which is now in its Chief of Police and told him yields encouraging results. In third year. something must be done. .He did one factory the attendance at the not act. She went to the gover- meetings is usually over 400; -The Presbyterian. nor. Like many governors he had no desire to court unpopu- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC larity with any part of his constituency, so he, too, did noth- Chinese Missions in Malaya ing. Said the determined Mrs. Hayakawa, "Either you do something or I go to Tokyo and present this case to the Minister of the Interior." At that, she got action. -Missionary Herald.

Congratulations from a Pagan and out of these some come to The latest undertaking of the classes for Bible study, with the Chinese Foreign Missionary At Mie Machi, where a new result that seven were confirmed Union is to open work in the is- Methodist Church had just been last year. In another factory, lands of Bangka and Billiton, dedicated, a pagan chief of po- where cotton wool is prepared, and more than 200 smaller islice stood up in the pulpit to con- evangelistic meetings have been lands of this group which lie off gratulate Christians upon the held once or twice a month for the southeast coast of Sumatra. erection of a new church build- several years past, but recently The Union has six married ing, and urged them to turn in the factory workers have made couples and four single young and build new men for the com- request that in addition there men at work, all Chinese. Be- munity. Church and parsohage, might be a short service of sides working among the hun- costing between four and five morning prayers on their week- dreds of thousands of their own thousand yen, was built largely ly rest day. Girls from this fac- people, who have overflowed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

from China into' the island world the advantage of being cheap have adapted themselves to the and French Indo-China, they and is nonirritating in a solu- arts of civilization remarkably are carrying on missionary work tion of 1 to 1,000." well.-Missionary Review (Au- among the native population; -Without the Camp. stralia) .

and have pioneered into the in- GENERAL terior of Borneo and the Celebes. Large Returns in the Looking Ahead in Missions -The Bible for China. Philippines Rev. F. Scott Thompson, More Baptisms in Bali Rev. Lee I Rose, Protestant United Presbyterian Missionary Episcopal Missionary of Sagada, in Assiut, Egypt, writing in the The conversion of the first P. I., describes the. Sunday Women's Missionary Magazine, Balinese has caused a great stir school there. gives five characteristics which in the papers of the Netherlands he predicts will mark the misand of the Dutch East Indies, be- Made up as it is of big and little sionary enterprise of the future. cause the Dutch government had illiterates, third or half clothed, wild They are: forbidden all Christian mission- as deer, and presided over entirely by ary work on the island. When school children, it is one of the most 1. An attitude of greater appreciatwo young men whose fathers fascinating things here. I love to tion and friendliness toward the fol- watch Albert Masferre's class of old lowers of other faiths. We cango far men. Half of them are afraid to be were Chinese and whose mothers baptized, afraid that evil spirits will in making commpn cause with other punish them for turning, but almost religions against the rising tides of were Balinese, heard the Gospel more afraid of judgment to come if message in Chinese, the Gospel they do not give themselves to the materialism and infidelity which began to spread. Since the last worship of Apo Dios. They flock to threaten all religion; and can join heartily in many movements for moral report, according to which 105 Albert's class every Sunday and lis- reform. ten attentively. There are great 2. Cooperation among the different Balinese were baptized, the Chi- missionary societies. nese missionary of the Christian searchings of heart among them, and Alliance Mission, Rev. K. F. 3. The assumption of larger respon- eventually they will COIm:l for baptism. sibilities by mission~field churches. Repeatedly they come to ask if it is Tsang, has baptized 130 more. not possible for them to receive the 4. An increased emphasis on the other sacraments without that pre- practical application of the Gospel to It is reported that 300 more are liminary step. We do not urge them, the ills and needs of individuals and under instruction. This is lead- because I want them to come without society. The mission will present not ing to persecution and opposi- fear in their hearts, and with full de- merely a program of social service but tion. But the inhabitants in ten termination to be good Christians. a dynamic of social reconstruction. One old man did come not long ago, 5. The presentation of Christ as the villages have resolved to follow and he is most devout and happy. He supreme objective in all mission ef- was one of the leaders of the old re- forts. With charity, and with cour- Christ, have broken their idols ligion, and I noticed this morning that tesy and conviction missionaries will in pieces and are refusing to ad- here further to the idolatry of he was among the most reverent of continue to present by word and deed the Hindu temples. These Chris- all those receiving communion. He the exclusive and universal claims of comes two or three week_days in addi- Him who says "And I, if I be lifted tians are not yet formally organ- tion to Sundays. At Sagada more up, will draw all men unto Me." ized but they have elected eight than 1,500 individuals had communion out of their numbers as elders, last year; at Tanulon, an,outstation, New Christian Standards or as the Malays call them, over 500 more; at Besao, which Mr. "Servants of the Church." These Rose is carrying during the mission- For many Chinese and Japelders are receiving special Bi- ary's absence on furlough, more than anese youth Christianity has ble instruction. another 500. meant the acceptance of new standards, new foundations for Dye Treatment for Leprosy Fiji School for Girls life. The Living Church tells of an American youth who per- A Methodist Mission School Dr. Gordon A. Ryrie, of the for Girls has been founded at suaded three young Chinese to Sungei Buloh Leper Colony in Muanikau in the Fiji Islands. visit Japan with him. During the Malay States, has obtained The School is said to have three two weeks they met young Japencouraging results in the use of objectives: Training Fijian fe- anese, individually or in groups, blue dye treatments for leprosy. male teachers; preparing Fijian and talked frankly about their Now comes a report from the girls for entrance into the Colo- countries' relations. Christians Chiengmai Leper Colony in Siam nial War Memorial Hospital to and non-Christians were conthat a spray of brilliant green be trained as nurses, and the tacted. Reports one of the dye has been helpful with cer- general education of Fijian girls visitors: tain leprous ulcers. "Several to make them worthy and ca- Everywhere we found the feeling deep ulcers have healed up en- pable mothers of the next gener- towards the Chinese friendly. One ation. In each objective, the re- person told me he had never seen hiS tirely after three applications," sults will be passed on to the (Japanese) student group so crushed writes the Superintendent, Mr. next generation. Fiji girls are as when they were told about the sit- J. Hugh McKean, "and every promising material on which to uation and feeling which the military one reports favorably. The Mis- action had created in China. The sion to Lepers believes that it is work. They have a reputation Chinese trio's frankness, poise and live much too soon to make any defi- for modesty and dignity, and are faith that God must have a way other not easily influenced by the cus- than armed conflict, if we would but nite statement, but is definitely find it together, will not soon be forhopeful about this spray. It has toms of other races. Yet they gotten.

Among a number of socialist Figures That Talk Strangers Within Our Gates theories now sweeping over The Golden Rule Foundation, Some 200,000 Portuguese are China and Japan is a proposal New York, has issued a chart settled in New England, chiefly for the establishment of experi- showing how Americans spend in Massachusetts and Rhode Ismental Christian communities to their money. In 1929, peak year land. They have come from the demonstrate on a small scale at of prosperity, $12,573,000,000 Azores, from Madeira, Cape first "the kind of economic and was spent for luxuries and semi- Verde and from Portugal. The social life which expresses our luxuries, while gifts to philan- Baptist Home Mission Society Christian faith in the practical thropy, including the church, has an aggressive and fruitful terms of a cooperative society. amounted to $2,450,720,000. Of evangelistic work among these These can be demonstration this last amount, only 40.7 per people. Four pastors and one centers and training ground for cent were gifts to the church for woman worker devote their full leaders in the revolutionary task its maintenance and various ac- time to the program. They, with of building the new China, the tivities, including missionary their assistants, have set as their new Japan and the new Amer- work at home and abroad. goal for this year an addition of ica." In 1930 there was a reduction five new members by baptism in the amount spent for luxuries into each of the existing congre- Results of Persecutions amounting to slightly less than gations. Already, new spiritual twenty per cent. The sharpest life is evidenced. New centers The Jewish Question is being decline was in money spent for are being opened, and the Gosdiscussed in all parts of the jewelry and gadgets, phono- pel is being carried into hunworld. Friends of Christ are graphs, confectionery and chew- dreds of additional homes. concerned in the effects which ing gum, instruments and music, will result from the persecutions, while narcotics and drinks, -Watchman-Examiner. expulsions and other distresses smoking, theaters and other befalling these ancient people. amusements nearly maintained A Presbyterian Protest Not only are the Jews today in- the high level of 1929, and the quiring into the truths of the amount spent for each of these Dr. William T. Ellis, world Gospel as never before, and look- three groups far exceeds gifts to traveler, author, journalist and ing to Jesus as the greatest Jew religion. -Alliance Weekly. Bible teacher, has sent out a docthat ever lived, but Christian ument, signed by over forty people are being reminded of "Too Much Time in Prayer" prominent Presbyterian laymen their debt to the Jew. The Nor- and women, testifying to their diskt Missions-Tidsskrift, which Bishop McKim, former Pre- confidence in the doctrinal loyhad an interesting article on Zin- siding Bishop of the Japanese alty and efficiency of the Preszendorf's attitude toward Jewish Church, tells of the Alaskan mis- byterian Board of Foreign ~is­ Missions, has in its last number sionary doctor, Grafton Burke: sions and its representatIves. a stimulating article by the late During the winter months an In- These names include Judge Bishop A. S. Poulsen on "The dian runner came to Dr. Burke Thomas F. Bailey of Hunting- Most Mysterious People in the with the word that a foreigner ton, W. P. Fraser of Pittsburgh, World," and promises for the was lying in the snow at a point Mrs. Wilton Merle-Smith of near future a number of articles some fifty miles away. Dr. New York, Mrs. J. Livingston on antiSemitism and missions. Burke at once harnessed his dog Taylor of Cleveland and W. H. team and set forth. He found T. Foster of South Dakota. They NORTH AMERICA the famous Arctic explorer, Stef- protest against the attacks on ansson, near death from double the Board by a group of "Funda- "Holy Money" pneumonia. The explorer recov- mentalists" who are making an ered, and, as he was leaving the effort to organize a new Presby- Dr. William Mayo, world fa- hospital, he said to Dr. Burke: terian Board of Foreign Mismous surgeon, speaking for him- "Money cannot repay what you sions. They testify to the high self and his equally famous have done for me. You have Christian character of the work brother Charles, said: saved my life. But I should like as they have seen it and the loy- to make one criticism. You alty of the missionaries to Christ The "holy money," as we call it, would accomplish more if you and His Gospel. must go back into the service of that did not spend so much time in humanity which paid it to us. If we religious work, and in prayer." Our Polish Neighbors can train five hundred pairs of hands, Dr. Burke replied: "If it had not we have helped to hand on the torch. been for prayer I should not be Forty years ago the American From 1894 onward we have never used here, this hospital would not Baptist Home Mission Society more than half of our incomes on our- have been here, and you would started the first Polish Mission selves and our families; latterly much be lying dead in the snow." in Buffalo, N. Y. From this beless. My brother and I have both put ginning there arose, gradu~l.ly, ourselves on salaries. We live within -The Living Church. missions in all the larger CItIes them. My house is turned over to t~e of the United States, with aid Foundation. I wouldn't want my ChIl- from this Society. German Bapdren deprived of the fun and benefit of wanting something, and going out to fight for it.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tists opened their Seminary in induce Negroes whose member- bled and swore. I wasted my wages in wickedness, and my family was Rochester, in order that Polish ship is in the Methodist Episcopreachers who knew German, pal, Presbyterian, Congrega- often in want. My little girl came but very little English, might re- tional and Episcopal churches to here to church, and often urged me to come; but I was so bad I was ashamed ceive training. Later, the Home join with them, eventually form- to come. I didn't know how they might receive an evil man like me. But one Mission Society helped to estab- ing an organization to speak for day my little girl took me by the hand lish the International Seminary and brought me to church. I sat in in Chicago, with a Polish de- an overwhelming majority of the the back, afraid and ashamed. The partment. church members were all nice to me. 12,000,000 Negroes in the United States. The ad interim body At present there are twenty- formed to complete plans for the I liked what I saw and heard. I came again and again. Then one day I acfive Polish Baptist churches and Chicago convention is known as cepted Christ. He made a big change missions in the United States the "Voluntary Committee on in me. He took away my swearing, where the Gospel is preached, the Federation of Negro Reli- my smoking, all my drinking. I am a different man. I don't gamble and and children are brought up in gious Denominations in the waste my wages. I bring them home an atmosphere of the spirit of United States of America." to my family. The men I work with say "Sanchez, what kind of pills did Christ. There are about 2,000 -Christian Century. you take to cure yourself of drunkmembers in these churches, and ness?" I say to them: "I take no approximately the same number LATIN AMERICA pills. It is medicine from heaven." of children and young people. Puerto Rican Protestantism -Watchman-Examiner. -Joseph Rzepecki.

Heathen on the Prairies The evangelical movement in Reaping a Harvest Puerto Rico includes 276 organ- In 1893, Rev. Fred J. Peters, In a one-room prairie school- ized churches, with 24,000 mem- John Jarrett and Robert Stark, house in Cherry County, Nebras- bers, 559 Sunday schools, enroll- went from London as pioneer ing 45,000 pupils, 126 young peo- Protestant missionaries to Peru, ka, a teacher found, while pre- and in fourteen years, filled with paring a Christmas program, ple's societies, 114 other church discouragements and opposition, that the children did not even societies, 22 schools, including won 47 converts. In 1907 Mr. know of the birth of Christ, and Peters moved to the United kindergarten and graded schools, States to educate his children, had not the slightest conception two high schools, one college and but in 1909 he went to Cuba, of God. In some isolated sec- one theological seminary, three where five years of preaching tions of western, northwestern hospitals with about 200 beds won 500 converts. and southwestern parts of the and caring for 70,000 patients United States children are often III health compelled Mr. Pe- annually. The 276 churches of ters to return to the States in without the benefits of a Sunday all denominations contributed 1914, where he served as pastor school or of a church service. during 1932 more than $110,000, in Pennsgrove, N. J., until 1922, One teacher in Montana writes that their school is thirty-eight of which about $90,000 was for when he returned to Cuba. Since miles from any church, and that self-support and $21,000 for be- then eleven revival campaigns they have no Sunday school nor have resulted in 11,500 converpreaching in her community. nevolence. They use 235 church sions. buildings and 145 other build- The Bible Institute Colportage ings for related activities. Mrs·. Peters, with her singing, Association of Chicago, founded has helped in the work for by D. L. Moody in 1894, is mak- Ministers working under the thirty-five years; and their son ing an earnest effort to place Disciples of Christ in Puerto Claude, with his voice and Rico have voted unanimously to knowledge of piano, has contribgood Christian literature and request membership in the uted his talents since 1928. Scripture portions in the hands United Evangelical Church of of boys and girls in America's -So S. Times. pioneer homes. Puerto Rico, and their request was cordially accepted. Recently – William Norton. the fourth annual meeting was held in Yanco, P. R. A Baptist pastor expressed the hope that Unreached Indians Negro Federal Council the example of the Disciples William M. Strong, Jr., has re- might soon be followed by Bap- Leaders from the African tist churches and ministers, and cently gone to southern Chile to Methodist Episcopal, the Afri- a leading Puerto Rican of the can Methodist Episcopal Zion, take up work among the Indians. the National Baptist, and the Methodist denomination indi- Dr. Sadleir of the Anglican Church is a pioneer missionary Colored Methodist churches have cated great interest in the move- among the Indians of Chile, and ment. -Christian Century.

taken steps to form a Federal "Medicine from Heaven" has been named by them with Council of Negro Churches. A the honorary title of "Casique convention in Chicago next Au- A recently baptized Mexican, General" (Chief of the Tribes) gust will inaugurate this new a middle aged stone mason, told because of what he has succeeded body. The four denominations his story with a shining face: in obtaining from the Governalready participating claim 4,- 852,000 members. They hope to Si Senor, I was a bad hombre, a ment for the, Indian nations. very bad hombre. I drank and gam- Dr. Sadleir has had to discon-

tinue his activities because of his Montevideo Conference Wins 000 Protestants. It is significant age; and as he turned over these Victory that while seventy per cent of translations it seemed as if an Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, execu- the population of Brazil can old warrior was delivering his tive secretary of the Committee well-tried arms into the hands of on Cooperation in Latin Ameri- neither read nor write, among the young soldier who was about ca, says: the Protestants there are no ilto engage in the same cause in literates. The influence of Prot- estantism has been g rea t I y which he had labored and fought The work of the Montevideo Confer- strengthened in Brazil owing to for so many years. ence has been done. Its victory is as- the world Sunday School Con- sured. Pan Americanism has been gress at Rio de Janeiro in 1932, The Chilean Mapuche Indian, saved from the rocks toward which it attended by delegates of thirtywith but few exceptions does not was rapidly drifting. Every delega- live as a peon like his Bolivian tion voted in favor of the resolution three nations. The President of relative, but independently on against intervention, with the United the Republic and other high au- States approval, qualified only the in- thorities testified on that occasmall farms of a few acres each. terpretations of President Roosevelt's sion to the importance of the He forms no towns, but as each address on the Good Neighbor Policy holding is as a rule quite small, and the strong statement of Secretary work of the Protestant popula- Hull in the conference on the rights of it is easy to reach hundreds from States. tion, and since then the position a single center. At one point we of Protestantism in Brazil has had a most interesting time with Mohammedans in South considerably improved. a young Indian school teacher America -Christian Observer. who had been appointed by the Chilean Government to take There are about 30,000 Mo- EUROPE charge of the school which, with hammedans in Brazil. Originally Religious Awakening the dwelling, had been provided those who professed this faith by the Indians themselves with were African salves; but in re- In April, 1932, Chaplain Raytheir own labor and money. This cent years there has been im- mond C. Knox of Columbia Unischoolmaster had some time pre- migration from Syria. They live versity who was commissioned viously purchased a Bible from for the most part in Bahia, in by the University to undertake a Brother Bucher who had trav- Central Brazil and in the valley study of religious conditions in eled through that same way and of the Amazon. In Mafiaos, a Europe, visited England, Scotwe found that he was eagerly river port about a thousand land, Germany, France, Italy, reading it to his wife in their miles from the sea, a great deal Spain, Czecho Slovakia, Hunspare time. of literature in Arabic is being gary and Austria. Most of these "Indigenas" circulated. However it is said Dr. Knox found that condi- (they dislike the term "Indios") that comparatively few of the tions and problems vary greatly understand only "bread and but- Mohammedans there observe the in the different countries, but ter" Spanish. The vast majority holy times and rites of their re- that the relation between Church comprehend very little or not at ligion. A few of the slaves, and State is the one common facall, even the simplest Gospel probably Haussas, were forced tor. There were many indicamessage. All who do not know to accept Catholicism, but since tions of a widespread awaken- Spanish are illiterate and even their emancipation they have ing and deepening interest in most of those who do are. There- tried to get back to Moham- religion. This could not be measfore the only really effectual medanism. means of reaching them is by the ured in terms of church attendspoken word in their own language. In the Argentine the only Mo- ance, but where religion was re- lated to life, there one found peo- Next Thursday I am hoping to hammedans are Syrian Arabs ple intensely interested. A clarifind an ox-cart in Traiguen who have immigrated there; and fying, strengthening movement in Buenos Aires there is even a Pan-Islamic Union. in Protestantism is to be ob- headed for Galvarino to move me The number of all the Moham- served on the Continent as well and my belongings to a Mapuche medans has been variously esti- as in England and Scotland, and home just outside of Galvarino, mated as from 160,000 to 180,- Dr. Knox mentioned a few evi- 000. There is no specially or- dences: a town of two or three thousand, ganized work reported for the and without any Gospel light. I L A renewal of faith as a personal spread of the Gospel among religious experience. feel that the Lord may have at these people; but Bibles in least a temporary ministry for Arabic are being circulated, 2. A utilization of the results of bib- especially by the Immigrant lical scholarship. me there among the ChjJean people as well as among the Ma- Mission in Buenos Aires. 3. Faith is a central conviction and puches on the various surro'und- loyalty, and not a SUbscription to overing "reducciones." Twenty-four intellectualized formulas defining every aspect of religious belief.

hours spent with this Mapuche Protestantism in Brazil There is not, Dr. Knox befamily has proved what a few lieves, a deep realization of the weeks would do toward a knowl- According to the latest statis- need for unity among the major- edge of both themselves and tics, there are among the 42,000,- ity of religious people, habits of their language as well. 000 inhabitants of Brazil 1,000,- aloofness are too fixed, and the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work of the leaders lags for lack donia, he met a shepherd who ligions make union among Chris- of popular support. spends his days with his sheep tians a matter of extreme im- -The Churchman. on the mountains, but who re- portance. With this in view, a turns to the village at night. group of Christian leaders in Protestantism in Austria During the war he came in con- Africa held a conference, both tact with a spiritually-minded historic and unique, at the C. M. Austria is a Catholic country, man who gave him a new vision with six and a half million in- S. station in Mvumi last Novemhabitants, of whom only 300,000 and a new purpose. Gradually ber, to discuss the possibility of are Protestants. A missionary, he has gathered a group of his union. Never before had the writing in World Dominion, friends around him for worship. participants met in conference, states that the Protestant Mr. Kayiayian was invited to go and no one knew what would Church of Austria is a growing happen with such diversity of church. Between 1914 and to that village and spoke to them spiritual ancestry, training and 1931, as many as thirty new con- twice at their request. He was outlook. It was agreed that comgregations were founded, while greatly impressed with the zeal municant members of any of the there was an increase of 65,000 and devotion of these simple… uniting churches should have the in the membership. This in- privileges and responsibilities of crease was due in the main to a minded folk. In a sense they are steady influx from the Roman self-contained. The world crisis communicant membership of the Catholic Church. and other international happen- United Church; no form of wor- ings do not affect them. The ship at present in use shall be truth had taken root and is bear- forbidden, and no new forms or ing fruit, like a pine tree on a Sunday Schools in Bulgaria mountainside with its unseen changes of accustomed form roots deep in the soil between shall be introduced into the wor- The Bulgarians are decidedly the rocks. ship of any congregation without a religious people. Hence a -Congregationalist. the consent of minister and con- church is found in .every village. Children's Books in Russia gregation. While no definite de- A large majority of the 5,766,000 cision was reached, there was a inhabitants belong to the East- Russia has become a leader in general feeling of approval of ern Orthodox Church. Moham- the production of books for chil- the idea of closer union among medanism claims some 600,000 dren. The Soviet program pro- the various branches of the' adherents largely comprising the Christian Church. motes education, and is banish- Turks, while the Roman Catho- ing illiteracy from Russia faster -Moravian Missions. lic Church has a following of than it is being banished in the 34,000. The Protestant Chris- U. S. A. At Leningrad a group What Retrenchment Means tian faith, brought to Bulgaria of some twenty specialists are Everywhere missionaries at seventy years ago, has been ac- engaged in writing about their the front are calling for help to cepted by over six thousand Bul- specialties for children, and in maintain the work committed togarians. Until a few years ago coaching other writers. The them. For example the Presiit was very difficult to organize dent of the American University group includes a sailor, a nat- at Cairo writes: Sunday schools. Isolated groups uralist, a fireman, an architect, were formed, but there was no a diver, a surveyor, a textile We have reduced our budget to the· connecting link. The World's lowest possible terms. One-third of Sunday S c h 0 0 I Association worker and two former "bezpri- the American staff has been released. sought a way to promote unifica- zornie," or homeless children. Five classes in the College Department. tion of this work, and now has a Emphasis is placed upon instruc- have been abolished. The budget has fully trained Bulgarian minister tive books which are expected to been cut from $133,000 to $80,000. Friends know the worth of the work who devotes full time to youth acquaint the child with the de- we have been carrying on at that most work. He gives his services tails of his world, industrial and strategic of all centers in the Moslem equally to all churches, organizes agricultural, domestic and social. world-Cairo. Thirty-five thousand Children's books are issued in dollars still remains to be raised benew Sunday schools wherever fore the close of the present financial opportunity offers, conducts editions of 50,000, 100,000, or year (June 15, 1934). 150,000, and they are always teacher training classes, ar- sold at a low price-at five, ten If you believe in the American Uniranges conferences, produces versity and the work which its staff is literature, and in every way pos- or twenty cents, as a rule. doing, let us know by taking some· Apostles of peace, temperance share. sible develops Christian teaching and training of youth. and social justice might pursue -Wm. Bancroft Hill.

the same methods with equal Shepherd Preacher skill and zeal. Dr. John Timothy Stone of -Christian Advocate. Chicago says: Mr. Kayiayian, t r a vel i n g I was impressed by the breadth and evangelist for the scattered AFRICA scope of the work, the far vision as to Armenians in Greece, comes in Steps Toward Union the future, and the constructive methcontact with many Turkish- ods used. After all, no short sighted speaking Greek refugees. While The needs of heathendom and vision or no quick m~thod can result in the strength of nonChristian re- a permanent influence on the risingon a three months' trip in Mace- generation of Islam. They must see

our faith as well as have it taught to Hurlbut of the Means School sion. Several years later, lying them, and I rejoice in not only the pur- writes: upon his death bed at Nzawi stapose but the method in meeting this tion, his last recorded words in difficult problem an dworking it out We were talking today with an his diary read, "Here am I, Lord, elder who is the leader in a Christian use me in life or in death." constructively. village, where many of the men work in railroad shops. He said that they The early chapters of this sta- Need for Books had school morning, noon and night. tion· are filled with deaths and The women came in the morning, the disasters. At one time there was Dr. K. Walter Todd who has children in the afternoon, and the men only one man left, in the midst recently visited the Ivory Coast at night after they had finished their of famine and disease; and not investigating the possibility of day's work. We said, "But it is plant- at any time have there been ing time. How can the women go to more than a few groups of praymedical work writes of the mar- school in the morning?" ing friends and individuals who were interested in it, yet today ket for books: He said, "Well it's this way. One the A. 1. M. is operating in five of the women gets up before daylight strategically located fields in African culture, except in the north, and rings the bell. Then the teacher East and Central Africa, includdid not develop writing. This was not and the other women get up, and they ing Tanganyika, Kenya. Congo for lack of ability, nor for lack of in- take with them the few lanterns they BeIge, Uganda and French Equaterest in the kind of things that are can find, and go to school until 8. torial Africa. In all. there are put into print. Africans had some- Then they go to the fields." about fifty main stations, with thing in its place, a system of drum- approximately 200 missionaries. ming by which not only current af- -Missionary Herald. Primary schools are largely for fairS; storm warnings and music could the purpose of teaching the nabe broadcast; but also poetry, history Her Thank Offering tive to read the Word of God; and religious exercises. Lack of in- and the training schools turn out tercourse with races using a written The Congo Mission News tells pastors and evangelists. language, not lack of brains or inven- the story of a widow whose hustive ability, prevented them from de- band left her neither an insur- -Inland Africa. -veloping a script. We do not find ance policy nor stocks and African people educated like many bonds; there are none such in WESTERN ASIA priests in Asia to read whatever may Congo-land. Her only means of be printed, but many are intelligent support is a tiny field five miles Missions to Jews in Palestine enough to learn to read in a very short distant, which she has to till time. with a hoe, as there are no plows In the Jewish Dail1/ Bulletin in this country. She gets up with for November 19th, we read of The increasing number of good the first tinge of light in the "the danger of Christian misroads is an asset to the book salesman. east, makes ready to go to that sionary activity in Palestine … tiny field, her hoe in her basket The situation calls for immediate -The Presbyterian. and her basket on her head, but action if the future of Jewish she does not cross the threshold education in Palestine is to be Kikuyu Women until she has had a word with saved." the Master; and then as she Rev. J. Comely, C. M. S. work- journeys on her way, she stops AccordinQ" to the report sub- ·er in Embu, sees need for a bal- at the little church and joins in mitted bv Miss Szold. American :ance wheel in education. He says the morning prayer service, then Hadassah leader on behalf of the that the key to real progress lies away to work until well past Palestine N:ltional Council, 800 midday. She cannot read, yet .Tewish children are attendingwith the women, and until they she is a faithful auxiliary mem- Christian schools, which are allearn to read they are at great ber. Not content with giving most all conducted by missiondisadvantage. her talent, she keeps up her aries. where various methods are weekly pledge to the church. Re- adopted to attract Jewish chil- At present the Kikuyu women in centlya little bundle of bills was dren. including free tuition, general are not fit helpmates for the found in the collection plate with clothin~ and even gifts. On the a tiny scrawl on a soiled bit of other hand. the Jewish schools, men. Education, which races ahead of paper, and no one would have with twenty-five thousand pu- known who made this gift had pils. are not only unable to offer experience, leads the men to add new not someone else written for her, attradions. bllt do not have even and he remembered it later. suitable school premises. burdens to their women folk. They A. I. M. in Ten Decades The number of Jewish girls want the gardens cultivated as of old who attend the Christian schools N ear I y forty years have is far larger than that of Jewish and also an increased amount of com- passed since the first group of boys for many reli~ious Jews are fort in the home; as a result the wom- eight workers for the Africa In- willing to send their daug-hters land Mission landed at Mombasa, to girls' schools conducted by en are discouraged; they have less East Africa. The leader of the missionaries. rather than to the party was Peter Cameron Scott, coeducational Jewish schools. chance than ever; open ruptures take to whom belongs the honor of founding the Africa Inland Misplace and the men are discredited in their own eyes and in those of their neighbors. The women must be able to rise to self-respect, and the Gospel has ever been the raiser of women.

But Kikuyu women are the victims of -their system; they are generally "slow in the uptake," and they need patient, persevering, prayerful effort to bring them on in the knowledge of the Scriptures. -c. M. S. Outlook.

What Price Education?

Christian converts of Dondi, West Africa are living up to their proverb, Ka ci vala, ka ci nganyala (If it doesn't hurt it 'isn't worth while). Miss Mary

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information C. T. Studd, Cricketeer and Pioneer, In 1910 he started on what his called at college, was weak in By Norman P. Grubb. 8 vo. 256 biographer calls "the greatest bodily presence but a giant in pages. 3s. 6d. Religious Tract So- venture of all," in establishing a things of the spirit. The Pres- ciety. London. 1933. new mission in the heart of Af- byterian Church in Nova Scotia, rica. For twenty-one years, with with but 30 congregations and The jacket of this book cor- the devotion of a saint, apostle 5000 members had the glorious and martyr, he gave himself in distinction of being the first rectly describes it as the "Story faith and love and utter dedica- Church in a British Dominion tion to this work separated, with responsible for sending a misof 'C. T.,' the famous cricketer, the exception of but brief visits, sionary to the heathen. In the from his wife at home in Eng- Church in Aneityum, erected by one of the best all round players land. Christianized savages, a tablet to Geddie's memory bears the that the game has produced, who The principle of his life was now famous tribute: to give away all that he had and renounced wealth and position to trust God to provide whateve-r When he landed in 1848 to answer the Call, facing a life he needed for himself and his There were no Christians here, of hardship and danger with family and his work. There will When he left in 1872 courage, self denial and endur- be different views as to his the- There were no heathen. ance, first of all in China and ology and his economics but then in the very heart of Africa, there can be none as to his cour- Graphic stories are told of the pioneering for God." age, his single-mindedness, his great home missionaries wh() consuming love for Christ and blazed the trail in Western Can- Charles Studd was one of the passion for souls. ada: John Black, the prairie pithree sons of a retired Indian oneer to the Selkirk Settlement planter who was converted un- ROBERT E. SPEER. in the Red River; James Nesbit, der D. L. Moody's preaching in the first herald to the Redman; England in 1877. One of the They Went Forth. By John McNab, James McGregor, the religious sons, a devoted Christian, is now 210 pp. Paper $1.00, cloth $1.50. coureur de bois of Nova Scotia, Sir Kyneston Studd, recently McClelland & Stewart, Ltd. Toron- who organized the first Bible So- Lord Mayor of London. Another to. 1933. ciety in Canada; James Robertsson, George, was for many years ton, that great prospector of in Christian work in Los An- This challenging and inspir- souls in the wide spaces of Westgeles. The three were in their ing book is written by the min- ern Canada. In lands beyond early years among the best crick- ister of High Park Presbyterian the sea we learn how Formosa eters in Cambridge and C. T. Church, Toronto, and is dedi- called to George Leslie Mackay; was the best all round amateur cated to the Rev. Robert James China and Manchuria to J onacricketer in Great Britain. Porter, D.D., Belfast, Ireland, who inspired twenty-one young than Goforth; Central India tv He and Stanley Smith were men in his congregation to go the leaders of the Cambridge forth as ambassadors of the John Wilkie; Labrador and lat- Band of seven men who went to Kingdom of God. It contains ten er Korea to W. J. McKenzie; China under the C. 1. M. in 1885, well written sketches of the mis- Japan to Caroline Macdonaldafter shaking the universities of sionaries of the Presbyterian that famous "prisoner reformer" Great Britain and launching one Church in Canada. The daring and the greatest missionary of the greatest Christian move- of these heroes and heroines put stateswoman of her generation ments among students in the his- iron into the blood through the -lovingly named by the Japatory of the Christian Church. It mere reading of them and should nese "The White Angel of Towas this influence which led to thrill everyone, irrespective of kio." The stories of these truly Prof. Drummond's work among country, creed or color, who is heroic group of adventurous amstudents both in Great Britain interested in the extension of the bassadors for Christ are calcuand in America. After ten years Kingdom of Christ and the bet- lated to give young people a new in China Studd returned to Eng- terment of humanity. missionary zeal and respect for land in 1894. In 1896-7 he the Church and country which worked among the colleges and The hero of the South Seas, can produce such heroes and universities in the United States "Little John Geddie" as he was and then in 1900 went to South heroines. MAMIE C. G. FRASER. South India where for six years he was pastor of the Union Church at Oatacomund.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent bY' the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

205]

Light Out of Darkness. By Eleanor want to know this book well. folk will also be awarded by Ingle Pilson. Compiled by Sarah C. There are catchy verses for the Peet. 88 pp. Revell. New York. little tots like reading a worth-while story that gives an inside view of some 1933. Our baby boy is sweet and fat, phases of Chinese life, with On his head is a gold embroidered hat, glimpses of Confucian philos- As a young woman Miss Pil- A gold neck chain with a golden charm ophy, methods of child training son had been longing and reach- And a silver bracelet around his arm. and economic conditions. The ing out for something that would better types of peasants and al'- give her a reason for things that There are alluring bits of tisans are presented, without are, but she had not recognized hominess and conundrums of ev- close-ups of the more sordid Christ as her own personal Sav- eryday items-can you guess? classes. The story is charmingly iour, until as a reporter at the told and is a good antedote to meetings of the Y. W. C. A. held A small, white room, and a dull red some other recent novels of Chiin Asheville, in 1905, she ac- screen, nese character and life. Miss cepted Him. Her poems and Lewis does not mention Chriswritings show that she gave her- And wrapped inside a small white tianity or missions but she shows self wholly as "a living sacri- bean. (Peanut!) the courage, and sacrificial servfice." ice, the friendliness and influ~ There are also flashes of un- ence of medical missionaries in She says in one of her poems, derstanding human nature like Chunking. the rhyme entitled "The Loaf- At last I give to Thee mine all, er" : Doran's Ministel's Manual for 1934. My loves and hopes and fears. Compiled and edited by G. B. F. He wears his hat on the side of his Hallock. 684 pp. $2.00. Harpers. In September, 1905, she en- head, New York, 1933. tered Moody Bible Institute, where her keen mind with its And stares with a lordly look; wit and humor was a delight. He swaggers along with an insolent She avoided over-expression in tread And an empty pocketbook. spiritual things, but an individ- At sun up he enters the restaurant, uality peculiarly her own drew people to her. She felt the need And heartily eats his fill, The busy minister will find of And when he is through he doesn't practical help these sermon outof the foreign field, and in 1907 lines, various types of prayers, applied to the China Inland Mis- stay long, quotable poems, seed thoughts sion. In September of that year And he never pays his bill. for sermons, choice illustrations, Sunday-school I e s son helps, she sailed for China. Her work One is tempted to copy the Christian Endeavor Soc i e t y was in the cities and villages of whole book for it speaks to us of topics, and sermons for children. the deep experience of living, The manual is a storehouse of Honan, where there were no res- tinged with tragedy, rippling very valuable, inspiring and reident workers or Gospel halls. with humor, that has come out freshing suggestions and ma- of the orient. Dr. Headland's terials but like all manuals, it is Her article written in 1923, own insight into the elements of a snare to any whO have not "China-a Study in Arrested life and his gift of expression learned the difference between make him an ideal compiler of use and abuse. Development," shows how inade- such a collection. Surely these quate any religion must be that randum quotations have whetted R. C. WILLIAMSON. does not have an offering for sin. your appetite for more so that "Through faith in the atoning you are like sacrifice of Christ, and only by The beetle who said he had not had Juliette Derriootte. By Marion Culthat means, can any society be bert. 12 mo. 55 pp. 50 cents. his fill quickened by the vital force of And he wanted more, he was hungry still. The Woman's Press. New York, God's kingdom." "Social serv- . MARY W. HUMPHREY HADLEY. 1933. ice, then, which is not Christian Until I read this amazingly service can only repeat the fail- Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze. By revealing but all too short biogure of ·Confucianism in China." Elizabeth Forman Lewis. Illus- raphy I only knew about Juliette "To burn for Him without be- trated. 8 vo. 264 pages. $2.50. Derricotte. It mad e me so ing consumed, to live for Him John C. Winston Co. Philadelphia. eager to know more that I read ardently,yet exquisitely poised i1932. the story of her life at one sit- amongst the relations of life." A boy's life in West China in ting, absorbed to the exclusion the midst of bandits, soldiers, of all else. As I read, the past MRS. H. E. CHANDLER. communists, boatmen, trades- and the future of a whole race Chinese Rhyme,s for Children. By men, scholars, artisans – who seemed bound up in the life of Isaac Taylor Headland. Illus. 156 would not find such a story fas- this one talented Southern girl. pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. 1933. cinating? It has been awal!ded I rejoiced in her successes as she Another of Dr. Headland's the John Newberry Medal for went from college to college and charming books! For the delight "the most distinguished contri- across the waters. Her sense of of your children and for the bution to American literature for separation hurt me as it must sheer pleasure of entering inti- children." But it is even better have' hurt her, her courageous mately i n t 0 the humorous, adapted to adolescents than to buoyancy stirred me deeply, and friendly, understanding family children-the high school age more than ever her cause became life of the orient, you will surely will find it captivating. Mature my own.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The story is so beautifully light and power for his own life procession, and all come out vicwritten that the starkness of the and present-day problems. Many torious. The volume begins tragedy with which it closes all sentences may well be stored in with the Nestorian Christians, too suddenly is somewhat re- the memory and quoted, like the their origin and missionary eflieved in the telling. That one following: forts in Central Asia until the so gifted in leadership should be remnant of a nation, discovered cut off through an accident is to There are no short cuts in Bible by Layard, was almost annibe lamented. The tragedy lies study. The treasures of God's Word hilated in the world war and its in the fact that had it not been are revealed to those who will pay the aftermath. for race prejudice, which closed price in patient, careful study. the doors of a near-by hospital, Then follow stories of Carey, Juliette might have lived. For *** the shoemaker missionary in Inmy friend, for all her gifts, was, dia, of Patteson in the South in the hour of her extremity, Peace stands for harmony of life Seas, of the men of the Hayonly a Negro girl. I have not . . . No man can harmonize his life stack, and of the sailing of the in a long time read anything so with God and himself without at the Morning Star to the Sandwich well calculated to unite heart and same time adjusting his life to his fel- Islands. The introduction and mind in a rebellion against race lowmen. the list of juvenile missionary prejudice and the assumption of books suitable for further reada false superiority, although Have I given* my*sel*f to God in the ing are admirably suited for very little is said on the subject. class study in Sunday schools. "Juliette Derricotte" is a sig- same spirit of real surrender that nificant contribution to the lit- Christ showed when He gave Himself S. M. ZWEMER. erature of race appreciation. on the Cross for me? The Christian Experience of Life. S. FRANKLIN MACK. *** By J. Harry 'Cotton, Ph.D., D.D~ 160 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Educational Yearbook of the Inter- Paul's spiritual triumph (in the Co. New York. 1933. national Institute of Teachers' Col- seeming disaster of his imprisonment) Iege, for 1932. 497 pp. Bureau of restored the morale to a persecuted The pastor of the Broad Street Publications, Teachers' College, church. Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Columbia University. 1933. Ohio, was invited to give the lec- The Facts of Faith. By W. Graham tures in 1931-1932 on the Joseph This 9th yearbook surveys Scroggie. 12 mo. 191 pp. 2s. 6d. Cook Foundation "for the dethe relation of the State and Re- Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow. 1933. fense of Christianity in the ligious Education in the coun- Orient." They were delivered tries of the world. It shows a Dr. Scroggie is a well known in Syria, India, Siam, the Philipvast amount of investigation conservative Christian Bible pines, China, Korea and Japan, and teachers or friends of Re- teacher. His series of helpful before audiences of non-Chrisligious Education will find it a Gospel studies include· addresses tian students and university useful compendium. It is a on such topics as The Gospel, graduates, together with groups storehouse of information for The Christian; The Adequacy of national Christian workers any who wish to make a com- of Christ; What Is God Like? and missionaries. The eight parative study of education in Vital Godliness; Conquest by chapters discuss "The Nature of its religious aspects. The chap- Suffering. They are safe and Human Experience," "The Faith ters on the different countries sound and well presented-espe- Indispensable," "The Experience are written by those who are re- cially for young Christians. of God," "Jesus Christ As Lord," puted to be the best informed "The Cross of Christ," "Jesus educators in the various nations, Boys and Girls in China and Japan. and Mod ern Democracy," or who have had long contacts Illus. 8 vo. Is. The Highway Press, "Jesus the Liberator," and "The with natives of those lands. London. 1933. Christian Experience of Life." Dr. Cotton says that it was a JAMES F. RIGGS. These stories for primary revelation to see the readiness children give interesting glimns- and reverence with which the Helps to the Study of Philippians. es of Chinese children in the Oriental students received the By W. Wilson Cash. Paper. 89 pp. city and on the farm; Japanese lecture on the Cross. At the Is. Church Missionary Society. child life in the school and at close of the lecture in Madras, London. 1933. home. They are well written and the .Hindu chairman, a professor illustrated for those who are of philosophy in a Hindu uni- This excellent series of twen- just beginning to take an inter- versity, made this amazing ty-five brief studies in the Epis- est in other boys and girls. statement to the Hindu auditle of Paul to the Philippians ence: "We have been seeking is not an exhaustive or critical Go! Champions of Light. By Fran- for a fuller revelation of God. commentary but is illuminating, ces Jenkins Olcott. 226 pp. $1.75. We have expected that revelation definite, practical, spiritual. Any Revell. New York. in terms of overwhelming majone who follows them will not esty. We were not prepared for only get an insight into the mes- Here we have an attractive the revelation which came in the sage of God through the apostle series of stories by one of estabbut will find here spiritual food, lished reputation and who knows the mind of youth. Each of the four parts of the book is based on missionary history and biography and has clever illus- trations. The "Champions of Light" go through perils of waters, of robbers, of cannibals, of loneliness and death, a long

face of One, who for the sins of foundation principles of His by a staff of scientific experts the world was ready to bear the Kingdom. shame of the Cross." working in behalf of the Field Professor Taylor presents the This book presents the evan- principles clearly in their rela- Museum of Chicago. The vol- ·gelical Christian faith clearly, tion to industry and he gives an courteously and persuasively. It abundance of facts which should ume is an interesting narrative is an excellent one to put into the be taken into consideration in hands of young people in Amer- the adjustment of labor difficul- of travel in a little known region ica as well as in Asia. The clos- ties. Wage conditions are pering paragraph illustrates its fine plexing and agreement between of the world, and it is well illusspirit: capital, labor and consumer is difficult but adjustments must trated with pictures taken by We have been thinking together be made with a view to justice the expedition's staff photog- these days about the Christian ex- and the promotion of human perience of life. By now we see that welfare. The greatest difficul- raphers. A. J. B. this experience must center in Jesus ties are due to selfishness on the Christ. For He has made clear the one hand and to shiftlessness Every Day Tales from China. Illus. character and purpose of the Father and waste on the other. 8 vo. 60 pp. 1s. Church Missionso that men could never forget what ary Society, London. 1933. He said about God. He showed us the The place of women and chilfull meaning of the life of love, a life dren in industry shows great Nine tales from six authors that is at once our despair and our need for improvement – with make up this attractive little hope. He brought us the glorious tid- 55,000 in textile industries most- volume for juniors. They tell of ings of reconciliation with God. He ly in the Southern States at civil war and bandits, of school holds out hope for ultimate triumph wages from $5. to $10. a week. and home and rescue work. They over sin and evil. Through Him we It is not a modern problem for reveal adventure and heroism have hope in the life to come and so 100 years ago cotton mills in and Christian faith. The illusfind our present life transfigured with England employed 84,000 chil- trations are colored and characa radiant meaning. "This is life eter- dren under 18 years of age. teristically Chinese. nal (life abundant), that they should This employment of women and know Thee the only true God, and children is one of the causes of Heroes of the Cross. Four Series. Him whom thou didst send, even J e- unemployment of men-the natsus Christ." ARTHUR J. BROWN. ural wage earners for families. No. 1. David Livingstone, Robert Many executives are largely Moffat, Apolo and the Pig- ,Christianity and Industry in America. over paid while manual workers mies. By Alva W. Taylor. 12 mo. 212 are underpaid. pp. Reading list and Index. $1.00 No.2. Pandita Ram a b a i, Mary cloth, and 60 cents paper. Friend- For the solution of the prob- Slessor, Rasalama. ship Press. New York. 1988. lems Dr. Taylor recommends an awakening of the public con- No.3. William C. Burns, Gilmour Here is a mission study book science, a recognition of the of Mongolia; Hudson Tayby the Professor of Social Ethics rights of both labor and capital, lor. in Vanderbilt University, Nash- closer cooperation in place of ville, Tennessee. He is well conflict, arbitration in place of No.4. John Williams, James Chalknown and highly respected as retaliation and the promotion of mers, Charles Abel of a student of ethical and indus- a well informed and true Chris- Kwato. Illustrated. trial problems, is a clear thinker tian spirit of honesty, justice and writer. He recognizes the and brotherhood. 12 mo. !s. each. Marshall Mordifference between the simple gan and Scott. London. 1933. industrial life of the first cen- T:hree Kingdoms of Indo-China. By tury and the complex problems Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., and Theo- These short missionary biogof our machine age. Jesus did dore Roosevelt. 881 pp. $8.00. raphies for children and young not offer a detailed program for Crowell. New York. people tell stories of adventure the solution of the modern prob- in Africa, China and the South lems of slavery, prostitution, While this is not a book on Seas. The heroes and heroine's boo tie g gin g, intemperance, foreign missions, it is a book are all well known to adults and graft, racketeering, capital and about a great missionary field should be familiar to the coming labor problems and internation- and gives information about the generation. There is no special al strife. Jesus Christ presented scenery, climate, fauna, flora charm in the literary style but the truth and the Way of Life and people. Mr. Coolidge is as- the stories are worth reading for which, if accepted and lived, will sistant curator of animals in they describe the pioneering of transfer 0 u r relationships to the Museum of Comparative noble men and women in dark God and to our fellow men. The Zoology of Harvard University, corners of the earth. Though kingdom-or Gpd-ruled life- and Mr. Roosevelt was formerly some of the narratives are writwhich He presented, He also Governor-General of the Philip- ten in the first person the names made possible by a divine dy- pine Islands, and has a reputa- of the writers are not given. namic. Pur i t y, self-control, tion as a traveler and big game The low price of the books and truth, wisdom, love, sacrifice for hunter. They were accompanied their colored pictures make them the benefit of others, are the attractive for gifts.

"In our Mothers' Club we tried to better understand the little child and his religion. The plea of the teacher had been, to let the children learn of God and to love Him in a natural way, through acts of kindness and thanksgiving in their daily liv- ing. During the day we were all so conscious of His love and nearness to us."

you use The New Why and How of Women's Radio Talks on Religion-God

'Missionary Unions. Wilma Geneva the World Through Christian Eyes. PRINTING Bucy. 118 pp. 35 cents. S. S. Edited by Leonard Hodgson. 182 Board, Southern Baptist Conven- pp. $1.75. Morehouse Pub. Co. YOU will profit from an ac- tion. Nashville. Milwaukee. quaintanceship with us. We do the job complete in our own Out of the West. Rufus Rockwell A Study of the New Church and the plant. whether it be large or Wilson. 452 pp. $3.75. Press of New Germany. Chas. S. MacFar- small. the Pioneer. New York. land. 209 pp. $2.25. Macmillan. New York. While our specialty is Books. An Oriental View of American Civili- Magazines and Pamphlets. vet zation. ' No-Yong Park. 128 pp. Whither Latin America. Frank Tan- we have a variety of modern $1.50. Hale, Cushman & Flint. nenbaum. $2. Crowell. New York. equipment to meet all the re- Boston and New York. quirements of your particular W orId Tides in the Far East. Basil job. You wiII find our service The Struggle for South Africa. 1875- Mathews. 182 pp. $1. Friendship prompt, careful and courteous. 1899. Reginald Ivan Lovell. $4. Press. New York.

Will you allow us to estimate The Bible Family Magazine for More Than Twenty Years on your next printing? We be- lieve you will be delighted with PASTORS, Sunday School Teachers, and Bible Students say they our product, price and service. cannot afford to be without it. Contributors for 1934 include outstanding preachers dnd writers of America. Every issue contains: The EVANGELICAL PRESS STRIKING EDITORIALS AND ARTICLES OF VITAL INTEREST Princ.,. 0/ JUNIOR KING'S BUSINESS TI,,' Mi"ionary Review af 'he World NOTES ON CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR P,. PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON HELPS Thhd and R.lly Sb..h H."bbur,.

New Book. One of the leading features is the International Sunday School Les- son Commentary. Many say they cannot teach without it. It pro- The Abyssinian at Home. C. H. vides for each lesson a simple and comprehensive outline and valudble Walker. 220 pp. $3. Macmillan. New York. exposition by Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe, a uSdble blackbodrd lesson, a Golden A Bibliography of Negro Migration. Text illustration, and a children's division. An additional feature Frank Alexander Ross and Louise has just been added.

, Venable Kennedy. 251 pp. $5. AN OBJECT LESSON FOR EACH WEEK Columbia University Press. New York. Ely ELMER L. WILDER Civilization of the Old Northwest. This easy-to-use material will insure attentive auditors in the Sunday Beverley W. Bond, Jr. 543 pp. School, junior church, Daily Vacation Bible School, summer camp $3.50. Macmillan. New York. or wherever boys and girls are gathered for religious instruction.

The Church Looks Ahead. Edited by Money Saving Chas. O. Schofield. 400 pp. $3. Combination Offer Macmillan. New York. The King's Business, . $1.50 (Save $1.25) Education of American Ministers. Wm. Adams Brown, Mark May, F. The Missionary Review of the World, 2.50 $2.75 K. Shuttleworth and others. Four volumes. Vol. 1. Ministerial Edu- (Twelve Numbers of Each) $4.00 For the Two cation in America; Vol. II. The Profession of the Ministry; Vol. NOTE: Each magazine will be mdiled to subscribers direct from its III. The Institutions That Train; own ofBce of publicdtion. Vol. IV. Appendices. $3.50 each; $12 a set. Institute of Social and PostdgV. ,'X[rd to Cdhadd dnd foreign countries—75 cents. Religious Research. New York Make Remittances Payable and Addre5s Orders to Harun Al Rashid. H. St. John Philby. 160 pp. 58. Peter Davies, Ltd. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW of the WORLD THE KING'S BUSINESS Edinburgh. Third .nd Reily Stre.ts 558 South Hope Str••t In the Cauldron of Russia 1869-1933. H.rrisburg, P•• Los Angele., C.lif. I. S. Prokhanoff. $1.50. 270 pp. An~Russian Evangelical Union. New York.

The Kings Highway. C H. Spurgeon. 125 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. London.

Mexico: A Study of Two Americas. Stuart Chase. 338 pp. $1. Mac- millan. New York.

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER: The Finality of Jesus Christ ……………. , ……. , ………. Samuel M. Zwemer The Outlook for Islam in Turkey …………………………… Henry E. Allen Slavery in Arabia ……………………………………. Garrett E. De Jong Muhammad', Visions ……………………………….. . ….. Richard Bell Mormonism end Islam …………………………………….. Hans Thimme The Development of Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ……………. L. E. Browne AI Azhar through Chinese Spectacles …………………… , " George K. Harris Khalifa or Khaliqa ………… , ……… . ……………….. N.bih Amin Faris Current Topics …… Book Reviews…… Survey 01 Periodlca's SUBSCRIBE TODAY » « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 fifth Avenue Naw York City Single copies, SOc.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combindtion with the: REVIEW, $3.50 (Foreign postdge for Review, SOc. extr~) a,..' MARSHALL. MORGAN a SCOTT. tI PlIllIIIoliar Bulldlnll. LondOll Plleeln Brll'lIlI, Elshl Shllllna., 1111 Look for Our Special Numbers This year THE REVIEW plans two special numbers dealing with the study topics for 1934-5.

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA The home mission topic is up to date and will be dealt with in our JUNE number and will include articles, illustrations and statistics concerning Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos and East Indians in America. Among these articles are the following; Who Are the OrientaJs in America-A. W. Palmer Intimate Glimpses of Chinese in America-PhilipF.Payne Oriental Views of American Life-Various Orientals OrientaJ Students in United States-Chas. D. Hurrey How Can We Undentand Orientals ?~-Chas. R. Shepherd Some Christian Orientals in America-Various Authors Outstanding Work for Orientals-Various Authors CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN, TODAY AND TOMORROW The foreign study topic is most timely and interesting and will occupy our October number. Among the subjects to be discussed there are the following: The Influence of Christianity in Japan-S. H.Wainright Some Outstanding Japanese Christiana-H. W. Myers Japan•••A Problem or a Challenge-Chas. W. Iglehart Present·Day Religion in Japan-A. K. Reischauer A Japanese View of Christian Missions-E. C. Hennigar Christ and the-Youth of Japaa-W. C. Lamott Order Your Copies in Advance-NOW! 25 Cents a Copy, $20.00 per hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING COMPANY Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1933

1933

What Is New in China? c. B. Rape Christ Liberating India's Outcastes JamesF. Edwards On the Edge of a Great Closed Land Arthur Ward Our Attitude Toward Non-Christian Religions Robert E. Speer A Message from the African Jungles Janet Miller The Situation in Latin America Samuel Guy Inman

MISSIONARY REVIEW 1,180,000 Bibles Placed by May 24-29-Northern Baptist Con-

OF THE WORLD vention, Annual Meeting. Wash- THE GIDEONS ington, D. C. DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor in Hotel Bedrooms for the VOL. LVI APRIL, 1933 No.4 Personal Items o Benefit of Those Who Travel PAGE You are invited ~~. have a part in this Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India has important work by sending a contribu" recently returned to America and is Frontispiece-Speakers at the tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place to join in a series of interdenomina- a Bible. tional missionary rallies in important Florida Chain of Mission- centers in New Jersey, New York, ary Assemblies Eligibility for Membership Pennsylvania and Ohio. Later he will speak on the Pacific coast. Topics of the Times …….. 171 The field of the work having now sur· rounded the globe, has caused the open. China Grows by Tribulation ing of membership to "Strong Drink Is Raging" All Christian Business Men Florida Missionary Assemblies Interdenominational Missionary THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per year. Write for particulars to *** Meetings Harlan Page Beaoh THE GIDEONS Dr. Basil Mathews began his work as lecturer at Boston University The True Christian Attitude The Christian Commucial TTatleleTS~ School of Theology on February 1. Association of America, InteTnational He is delivering three lectures each Toward Non-Christian Re- week on "Christ and the World-Conligions ……………… 175 202 So. State Street Chicago, IlIinoi. flict of Values," dealing especially with By Dr. Robert E. Spoor Dates to Remember the Laymen's report.

On the Edge of a Great April 18-19-Editorial Council of the Religious Press. Washington, D. C. Closed Land …………. 185 April 19-21-Federal Council Confer- By the Right Rev. Arthur Ward ence on Evangelism, Pittsburgh, *** Pa. Christ Liberating India's Out- The Rev. E. M. Cable, D.D., procastes ………………. 189 April 19 to May 30-United Mission- ary Meetings in sixteen centers. By the Rev. James F. Edwards (See Topics of the Times.) fessor in Union Methodist Theological When the Teacher's House May 9-General Conference of the Seminary, Seoul, Korea, is the author United Brethren in Christ. Akron, Was :Burned …………. 191 Ohio. of a new history of the Christian By the Rev. Glenn B.. Ogden May 16-22-Southern Baptist Conven- Church in Korea. * tion in Washington, D. C. What Is New in China t …. 193 •* May 17-General Council of the Re- By the Rev. C. B. Rape, B.Sc. formed Episcopal Church, Triennial Bishop Paul B. Kern of the Meth- Meeting. Germantown, Philadel- A Message from African phia, Pa.

Jungles …………….. 198 May 23-Joint meeting of Southern odist Episcopal Church, South, has re- Baptist Convention and Northern By Janet Miller, M.D. Baptist Convention in Washington, turned from Eastern Asia, to direct The Story of Kondyabai 199 D. C. the Kingdom Extension Campaign, By Mrs. F. E. G. Cowhud which has been projected to replenish South America-An Analogy 200 the depleted treasuries of the denomi- By the Rev. Alexander M. Allan nation. ••• The Situation in Latin Ameri- ca …………………. 201 By Samuel Guy Inman Dr. George F. Sutherland, assistant treasurer of the Board of Foreign J'ohn R. Mott: Missionary Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has completed thirty years of to the World ………… 206 continuous service, which began when By Prof. Kenneth Scott Latou- he became a secretary of the Young People's Department. Dr. Sutherland rette, D.D. is president of the Board of Managers of the Missionary Education Move- Facing the Future in Home ment.

Missions ………… '… 209 *** By the Rev. William R. King, Rt. Rev. Robert Erskine Campbell, D.D., the Bishop of Liberia, is in D.D. America and reports that the Vice- President of Liberia, two members of Oasting Out a Demon in the Cabinet and two congressmen are native ministers of the Protestant Korea .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211 Episcopal Church.

By Dr. George S. McCune A Continental View of the Laymen's Report …….. 213 By Dr. Julius Richter Effective Ways of Working. 215 Edited by Mrs. Estella S.

Aitchison. Granville. Ohio Women's Home Mission :Bul- letin ………………. 218 Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz (Concluded on 3d cO'IJer.) World-Wide Outlook ……. 221 Our Missionary :Bookshelf .. 231 Publication and: Business Office ~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City YOUR GIFT NOW Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING Act of March 3, 1879. OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published nwnthly-All rights re- INCOME FOR LIFE served. Copyrighted 1933 by the ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary IS6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· LISHING CO., INC. ~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. ~ BOARD OF DIRECTORS ReBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIEBSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. WARNBHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

Chat

Look out for the coming numbers of Don't the REVIEW. They will include some stirring articles on the great move- LET YOUR INCOME ments in the missionary world, the tour of Dr. John A. MacKay in Latin Shrink! America, the questions raised by the Laymen's Appraisal and the mission AMERICAN you can avoid a shrinking study topic, "Christ in the Modern BIBLE income, as many others have done, by placing your money in World." SOCIETY Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society. *** ~"'~NVITY t'r""- AGREEMENT An Annuity Agreement The United Missionary Meetings Committee which is planning a series GUARANTEEING is a legal contract in which the of union meetings in eighteen or twen- American Bible Society in return ty cities this spring has adopted the [~"'~,~I.a…~.) for a gift of money ($100 or REVIEW as the best magazine for the over) binds itself to pay to the general promotion of missiot ary in- OF holder (the holder being called terest in the home church. an annuitant) a specified sum $———————- every year as long as the annui- *** tant lives.

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*** Here is what some of our readers say: "Let me express great appreciation of the splendid work you are doing on the REVIEW. Never has it been better than in these recent numbers."-John R. Mott, Chairman of the International Missionary Council.

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* "The REVIEW is splendid! Mrs. Pea- body and Robert Speer are simply wonderful in their articles on the 'Appraisal of Foreign Missions.' "-Rev. E. R. MacKinney, Dodgeville, Wis.

"May I tell * how deeply you again we appreciate the REVIEW and the wonderful influence it has been to have so scholarly a magazine take so conservative a stand in every way. I have been president of Albany Pres- byterial for several years and always MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY glad of an opportunity to say a word r ;m:ri:':-Bibl;-;ocie;,- – – – – – – – – – – for the REVIEW."-Amy Brain Taylor (Mrs. Wan'en C.) Schenectady, N. Y. I Bible House, Astor Place, New York * I Please send me, without obligation, your booklet MR4 entitled "A Gift That Lives." "You have done the cause of missions in particular and evangelical re- I ligion in general a great service in I ""ame_ Denomination_________________ _ publishing Dr. Speer's article on the II Address —- Laymen's Report and also the excerpts J City…._…………………….._._………….___________________ State____…………….__._ I from various boards and missionary leaders in another part of this issue.

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C. B. RAPE JANET MILLER. M.D. DR. "SAM" HIGGINBOTTOM MRS. ETHEL CODY

CHINA AFRICA INDIA INDIA DEACONESS HARRIET BEDELL REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. MRS. MINNIE K. L. KARNELL REV. WALTER L. LINGLE, D.D. NEW YORK ALASKA IMMIGRANTS EDUCATOR SOME OF THE SPEAKERS AT THE FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS –~- .. –~~–~~– ~~~~~~~ VOLUME LVI APRIL, 1933 NUMBER FOUR Topics of the Times THE FLORIDA MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES operation, headed by that effective missionary The missionary enterprise is not dying, and mis- le~der, Mrs..Henry W. Peabody, ably seconded by MISS B. LOUIse Woodford and local committees. sionary interest at home is not dead. '.l'here are A voluntary organization of women carried the many evidences of both these facts. Note the entire responsibility for the direction and there' are no paid executives or other large expenses. discussion aroused by the laymen's appraisal, the The small budget was entirely covered by the reg- istration fees. In every center the Protestant signs of awakening on the mission fields, the stir- churches, pastors, church members, organiza- tions, the press and the radio cooperated heartily. ring missionary assemblies held in Florida this The missionaries and leaders represented ten winter, and the plans for United Missionary Cam- denominations and ten different mission fields- Alaska, Africa, Brazil, Chile, India, Japan Perpaigns this spring and in the autumn. sia, Syria and the United States. A world view of missions and every type of missionary activity The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies was vividly and effectively pr~sented.* has recently completed a three weeks' program of As a method of spreading missionary informa- tion and quickening missionary interest, these very effective presentation in nine cities. The in- Assemblies take high rank for effectiveness and economy and the plan is worthy of study on the terest was genuine and widespread. part of agencies charged with promoting missions both at home and abroad. The opening meeting in each center was usually This Chain of Missionary Assemblies has been a banquet attended by leading representative resi- dents and visitors. The attendance in each place grew from the first and the daily press gave gen- erous space to the Assemblies. Local civic clubs and schools also cordially welcomed the mission- ary representatives.

It is noteworthy that in a year of financial de- pression the paid registrations numbered 4~o3u1n1~ fr?m thirty-eight states and eight foreign trIes. One third of those registering were non- successfully conducted, based on the following residents of Florida and the number was 356 more convictions: than in the preceding year. The reach of these First, that missions both at home and abroad Assemblies was thus interdenominational and al- can be carried only through actual evangelistic most national in its character. The widespread missionary service; activity is indicated by the fact that 616 addresses Second, that this missionary service can be car- ?n missions were delivered, ninety-nine of them ried only by men and women who incarnate the III churches, and ninety-one in schools, besides missionary spirit and who believe in the mission- ary message as given to us by Jesus Christ and many at luncheons, over the radio, at fothruemps~balnidc recorded in the New Testament; at civic clubs. The eagerness of schools and civic clubs to hear the missionaries Third, that the missionary spirit can be created was most encouraging so that thousands of boys and fostered only through the dissemination of and girls, as well as men and women, heard power- actual missionary information and experience. ful missionary messages who would not have Founded on such convictions we are not sur- heard them through ordinary channels. Without • and ADmr.onRgoythael Jfo. reDigyne mofisAsi:ofnriacray; sDpera. kLer. s Mw. erBeraDtcr.heJranoeft BMraizllielr doubt both missions and missionarI'es took on a ne.w .meaning for many I'n FlorI'da durI' ng these JR~ecvo.bCD. aBv. idRaopfe PoefrsCiahiannad; DMri.ssanBdlanMcrhse. WS':mPuHrivgigsinobf oCtthomile''OfRIenv~' mISsIonary assemblies. They were a splendid dm. Home missions were presented by Dr. John McDoweII of demonstratI'On of ChrI'stI'an unI'ty and effectI've CO- HNeawrri.eYtorBk,edDeIrI. oWf aAltelarskLa. LanindgleMrosf. DMaivnindiseonKaCronIeIlelg, e;repDreeasceonntiensgs work for Immigrants.

[171 ]

prised that these Assemblies have grown stronger crime. Then, after years of education and agita- tion, the saloon and traffic in alcoholic drink was each year and have made clear throughout the outlawed. The saloon disappeared, distilleries and breweries were abandoned or converted to whole State of Florida that the missionary enter- better uses; as a result rescue missions found little need for their services, the wives and chilprise is not the Church's afterthought, it is dren of former drunkards enj oyed the benefit of wages spent on the family in place of in the sa- Christ's forethought; it is not secondary and op- loon, and the beneficial effects were felt in busi- ness, in education, in health and in happiness. But tional, it is primary and vital. Christ put it into the greed of dealers in strong drink was not sat- isfied. Many of them joined hands with the lawthe very heart of His Gospel. We cannot really less elements to regain their lost wealth and power. The youth were tempted and misled on see Him or know Him or love Him unless we the plea of personal liberty and by a desire for self-indulgence; specious arguments were used in know His ideal for us; that ideal is embodied in the press and on the platform to repeal the laws against the evil. The spread of disregard for all true missionary service. law, and the increasing financial depression, have turned the tide so that both houses of Congress The success of the Florida Missionary Assem- have voted to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment if two thirds of the states approve. It may be done. blies is due to the fact they were based on nourish- The majoritiy of the present generation knows little or nothing of the old days of the saloon. ment and not stimulants, and that from the be- They are misled. This is in spite of the fact that, before 1918, in many lines of industry and among ginning they put the emphasis on loyalty to railway employees, even moderate drinkers could not obtain employment. Today the use of the Christ, His missionary purpose and His mission- high-powered automobile is so general that a single glass of intoxicatin~ liquor may endanger ary program. JOHN McDoWELL. hundreds of lives. It is said that the tax on beer will fill the government treasury-but no one tells "STRONG DRINK IS RAGING" us who is to pay for the rivers of beer that must flow down human throats to supply the tax. Is In every land where intoxicants are manufac- the money to come again from wages that should tured and used for a beverage, they are a curse. furnish homes and food, clothing and health for It has been so since the days of Noah. It was so women and children? Are we to support the saamong the Hebrews when they were warned loons in place of schools, and dance halls in place against wine and strong drink that "stingeth like of churches? Is the money used for drink to help an adder." Strong characters may avoid excess fill hospitals and graveyards in place of replenishbut to the young and the weak alcohol brings a ing bank accounts? loss of self-control-in body, mind and moralsand the use of it endangers others. This has been What has all this to do with missions? so clearly recognized that wise parents have First, anything that affects the morals and striven to keep their children from strong drink; judgment of people is of vital concern to 'the enlightened governments have endeavored to pro- Christian program. Strong drink, that takes tect their wards-as in the case of the American away self-control and clear vision, is antagonistic Indians, the South Sea Islanders, and the Afri- to all that the Christian Church is doing to build cans. This liquid fire and poison have been the up the Kingdom of God and to bring in the control cause of brawls and bloodshed, of disease and im- of Christ. moral revels, of accidents and death, of selfish Second, the spending of labor, materials and greed and inhuman cruelty wherever it has been money on a destructive, rather than a constructive used freely. Strong men and women have been enterprise, cannot fail to weaken the nation, the brought low by it; millions have been impover- Church, the school and the home. One cannot be ished and destroyed by this curse. It seems in- "drunk with wine, wherein is excess," and at the comprehensible that a nation like America, with same time "be filled with the Spirit" of God who its Christian heritage and culture, its prosperity in place of halucinations gives clear vision, for and ideals, should take a backward step by again false energy gives true strength, for abnormal acquiescing in the manufacture and general use animation offers true exhilaration. of this harmful beverage. For the sake of revenue Third, the manufacture and use of intoxicants and under the plea of personal liberty America seems about to sell her birthright for a mess of distilled or fermented drink.

Many governments have tried experiments in the suppression or control of the liquor traffic. Most of these measures have failed because of human greed for gold, because of individual desire for free indulgence of appetite, and because of faulty education and lack of Christian ideals. In the days before the Eighteenth Amendment was passed in the United States the saloon forces ruled politics and sapped the life of cities. Saloons flourished on the wages of the laborers and were closely linked with all forms of immortality and

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

has always been one of the greatest hindrances the rut of subsidization, though the kindness and to the spread of Christianity. Rum in the hold generosity of their fellow Christians abroad will and missionaries in the cabins of ships bound for always be remembered with gratitude. The Chi- Africa and the South Seas represented antagonis- nese Church must bear its own responsibility as tic forces. There is great need to spread tem- an expression of religious life.

perance and Christian ideals in all lands today The past year has witnessed many manifesta- rather than to give the forces of evil an opportu- tions of a strong evangelistic effort. Hundreds of nity to point to America as a land where the de- evangelistic bands have been formed by voluntary mon rum is again enthroned. workers as the result of a spiritual awakening Seven things are needed in the present crisis amongst Christians in many parts of China, to turn the tide: through the successful work of several Chinese evangelists. It is true that a great deal of this 1. A knowledge of facts. type of work was mixed with emotionalism, yet 2. No compromise with evil. one cannot deny that many who were cold are now 3. Repudiation of the lust of gold. on fire and those blind now see. The visit to China 4. Education and example to teach self-control of Dr. E. Stanley Jones was both timely and benand to show the evils of alcohol. eficial. He spent four months in China, from Au- 5. A greater respect for all laws that are in gust to December, conducting evangelistic meetharmony with the laws of God. ings in Mukden, Peiping, Tsinan, Nanking, Soo- 6. Acceptance of the Christian ideal of love chow, Shanghai, Ningpo, Hankow, Foochow, which works no ill to one's neighbor. Hongkong and Canton. Hundreds of Christian 7. The enthronement of Christ in all life. workers and nonChristian students listened to his CHINA GROWS BY TRIBULATIONS message with keen interest and many were spirit- ually helped. It is gratifying that the evangelistic Japanese aggression in Manchuria cuts deep in- consciousness is growing in the Chinese Church to the soul of the Chinese people. On the top of and we pray that this may spread.

this foreign invasion, flood and famine in Central For some time a rebellious and revolutionary and Northwest China, civil wars in Shantung and spirit was much in evidence among the youth of Szechwan Provinces, and warfare against com- China politically and socially, as well as reli- munism have greatly intensified national distress. giously. There was a tendency against the Chris- All this has its due effect upon religion. Doubts tian Church. Many rather prefer to form small of the reality of God and the practicability of the groups and fellowships for service than identify- Christian ideal of love have been freely expressed. ing themselves with the organized Church. This On the other hand, many are driven to religion for state of affairs, if unremedied, would neither be peace and comfort. A large prayermeeting held helpful to the Church nor healthful to youth. We in Peiping by the Panchan Lama of Tibet was at- are happy to note indications of a changing atti- tended by 100,000 people, including influential tude which shows that both are drawing nearer men of the government. While people attended together. We see possibilities for the future work the meeting with mixed motives the desire for na- when the ripened experience of age and the dar- tional deliverance was also evident. The Chinese ing spirit of youth will work hand in hand for the are determined not to be defeated by adverse cir- common objective we have in view, namely the cumstances. Signs of life and growth in ways extension of the Kingdom of God in China.

more than one are traceable. They believe and The Five Year Movement held the attention of are heartened by such an ancient maxim as To the Church in the past year and in the work of nan hsing pang, meaning, "a nation grows by evangelism, religious education, christianizing the many tribulations !" home, the literary campaign, christianizing eco- The economic depression of the Western world nomic relations, the rural Church, youth and has its effect upon the work in China. Mission- Church, and true Christian stewardship, many ary societies have to take drastic measures in cut- churches are more than willing to adopt these as ting down expenses and curtailing work in the part of their church program. A reenforced en- mission fields. This has come upon the work in ergy and consecration and a double portion of the China so suddenly and drastically that the depend- Spirit of God is needed to strengthen hands and ent mission-churches find it extremely difficult to hearts to make the Five Year Movement a great adjust themselves. Some fields are abandoned, success. The present favorable opportunity in workers dismissed and activities discontinued. China for Christian service is so great that one This has caused momentary dislocation and be- shudders to think of retrenchment and retreat at wilderment. At the same time, we cannot but be such a time. CHENG CHING-YI, hopeful that this may prove to be a blessing in dis- Secretary of the National guise. Local churches must learn to get out of Christia,n Council of China.

INTERDENOMINATIONAL MISSIONARY ent world situation for the continued development MEETINGS of foreign missions."* The supreme needs of the Church of Christ to- HARLAN PAGE BEACH day, and of the whole missionary enterprise, are (1) information as to the true nature of Chris- A beautiful, luminous soul, a devoted Christian, tianity and the work of Protestant missions, and a loyal friend, an untiring and effective servant of (2) more whole-hearted devotion to Christ and Christ in world-wide missionary work, departed His cause, regardless of cost. There are many to his Eternal Home when Harlan Page Beach earnest Christians who are still uninformed as to entered into rest from his Florida home on March the actual condition of men without Christ and 4. Professor Beach was in his seventy-ninth year, the true results of missionary work. Other nomi- having been born in South Orange, New Jersey, nal Christians are uninterested because they are on April 4, 1854. He was for fifteen years a faithunsympathetic with the sacrificial and world-wide ful and efficient member of the Board of Directors program given to the Church by Jesus Christ. of The Missionary Review Publishing Company The Laymen's Appraisal Report has been given and for some time edited the World-wide News such publicity that foreign missions have become section of the REVIEW.

"front page matter" and a general topic of con- Dr. Beach was graduated from Phillips Acad- versation. But many who discuss the subject are emy, Andover, in 1874, and from Yale College in uninformed as to what it is really about. The 1878. After teaching for two years at Phillips Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies have Academy he was graduated from Andover Theo- demonstrated the fact that missions can be pre- logical Seminary and from 1883 to 1890 was a sented unitedly, without denominational prefer- missionary of the American Board in North ence, so as to educate and inspire all who come to China. He showed extraordinary ability in mas- the meetings. Now the Foreign Missions Confer- tering the Chinese language but was obliged to re- ence of North America is planning a series of in- turn to America on account of his wife's health terdenominational meetings, with outstanding and from 1892 to 1895 he taught at the School for missionary speakers, to bring this all important Christian Workers in Springfield, Massachusetts.

and inspiring subjeCt to the Christians of many Later he became educational secretary of the Stu- large centers. There has been great need for this dent Volunteer Movement and exerted a wide in- since the decease of the interdenominational Lay- fluence on missionary education as one of the men's Missionary Movement, the Men and Re- originators of the series of books on missionary ligions Movement and the Interchurch World countries. He was the author of many useful vol- Movement. umes, including "The Cross in the Land of the The first of these new promotional, united mis- Trident," "The Knights of the Labarum," "Dawn sionary gatherings, will be held between Easter on the Hills of Tang," "Princely Men of the Heavand June 1. (April 18 to May 30.) The leading enly Kingdom," "Renaissant Latin America," and speakers will be Dr. E. Stanley Jones, the well "The Geography and Atlas of Protestant Misknown Methodist missionary who has recently sions." He was the co-author of the "Encyclopeconducted a four months' campaign in China, dia of Missions," the "World Atlas of Christian and Dr. Sam Higginbottom, the Presbyterian mis- Missions," and "World Statistics of Christian Missionary whose work for poverty-stricken, sinning sions." and suffering India has made him famous, Dr. S. G. Inman of Latin America and others. These Prof. Beach was the first incumbent of the D. meetings will begin (for religious editors!) in Willis James Professorship of Christian Missions Washington, D. C., on April 18 and will then pass at Yale University in 1906 and initiated the first on to Brooklyn, Newark, Trenton, Philadelphia, department of Christian missions at any seat of Baltimore, Wilmington, Reading, Harrisburg, El- learning in the world. mira, Binghamton, Albany, Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo and Erie. Next autumn the plan is to use a Later, in 1920, he became lecturer on missions similar program in other cities in the middle at the Drew Theological Seminary, in Madison, West. Conferences will be held with pastors, lay- N. J., where he continued until 1928. men, women and young people. The purpose of this united effort is "To cooperate with the local Professor Beach, who was a Fellow of the Royal churches and all other Christian agencies in pre- Geographical Society, rendered a great service to senting anew our own and the world's need of the cause of Christian Missions by his sane, well- informed lectures and writings on many phases of the work. He was a wise counselor and a living thesaurus on Christian Missions.

Christ, the wealth of our resources for life in Him, * Further information as to dates, speakers, chairmen of local committees and other data can be obtained by writing to Dr. A. L. and the call of God and the challenge of the pres- Warnshljis, 419 Fourth Ave .. New York.

True Christian Attitude

Non..Christian Religions* By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York l!J..- -"~ Author of "The Finality of Jesus Christ",. Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HIS is a living question for Christian mis- gion. It is often asserted that each religion has sions abroad and for the Christian Church something to contribute, to the common stock, but at home. If we hold the apostolic faith with when it is asked what the non-Christian religi()ns regard to Christ as Lord and Saviour and God, have to contribute the answer almost invariably our only -Mediator and Redeemer, what should is in terms not of some element of the religion but our attitude be today toward non-Christian reli- in some quality of the race. There is not in any gions? Between those who hold this primitive non-Christian religion a single truth or element Christian faith and those who do not, there will of truth that is not in Christ, but there are in inevitably be divergent answers to this question. each race qualities which other races lack, which But even among Christian believers who are it has to bring to Christ for His consecrating use.

united in their loyalty to Jesus Christ as Lord, The moral qualities which our Lord exalted in and in their faith in His sole supremacy there is the Beatitudes in the Sermon on the Mount are great difficulty either in finding or in stating, or not monopolized by anyone race. When it is said in both finding and stating, a common view. accordingly that the West has a great deal to At the outset we should make some distinctions learn from the East, the statement is untrue with which are too often overlooked, with a good deal regard to the Christianity of the New Testament.

of resultant confusion. It has nothing to learn from any non-Christian First, between religion and race.-Too often religion. But it is profoundly true as regards the these are deliberately or thoughtlessly identified. West, and of each human race, with regard to Some hold a view of religion which regards it as every other human race and of the Christian only a racial product or expression. Each race, Church. We need the help of all. But it is the it is held, develops its own religion, the religion races that are to help us, not their religions, and best suited to its own character and needs. It is it is the races as influenced by Christ.

not religion that forms a race. It is the race that Religion and Culture forms its religion. A second distinction which must be made is be- Without stopping to examine this view, as to tween religion and culture or civilization. The how far it is true, or whether it is true at all, it mistake is often made of conceiving the missionis enough to say that it is obviously untrue and ary enterprise as an interchange of cultures, and impossible as regards primitive Christianity. The its problems as the problems of "contacts with Jewish race did not produce that. It rejected and non-Christian cultures." The assumption usually renounced it and does so to this day. Whatever is that Christianity is Christian culture and that influences shaped the Christianity of the third the non-Christian cultures are the non-Christian century and of Greek and Roman Catholicism did religions. Culture and religion are not identical not create the original faith in Jesus Christ, the terms. No careful and true definition of either God-man, our Lord and Saviour. That faith was will allow their identification unless "religion" is "to the Jews a stumbling block and to the Greeks used to cover everything and so loses all definifoolishness." Still less is this Christianity the tion whatsoever. No warrant can be found in creation of the Anglo-Saxon race or of any Euro- literature for this confusing present-day usage. pean or Western race. To introduce into the problem of comparative Religion and race must be distinguished also in religion the whole vast field of civilization and our judgments in the field of comparative reli- culture is to create hopeless confusion. Weare — not comparing cultures, civilizations, sciences and maretnS.t We are comparI.ng re1I"glOns, the New Testa- * This article is a much abbreviated section of the last chapter concept·Ion f Chrl.st an d HI'S meanI.ng WI'th of a book entitled "The Finality of Jesus Christ," to be published 0 tShtiosnespLreinctgurebsy fothre 19FRl2e-m~i~ngat HP. rinReeevteolnl TChoemolpoagniyc,al eSmebmoidnyairnyg. the [ 175]

the actual religions of Buddhism, Hinduism or may misjudge a gentle spirit who loved the people Islam. Cultures and civilizations are indeed to and whom the people loved, by a severe record interchange and to enrich one another, and each and vice versa. And even if we judge a few inpeople has something to learn from others but no dividuals justly we cannot be sure whether they one has anything to give to Christ or any wealth were representative of the mass or exceptions to add to Him. to it.

Religions and Their Adherents And yet we are not left helpless. In each of the great mission fields there have been periodi- A third distinction must be drawn between re- cal conferences at which the collective mind found ligions and their adherents. The question of the expression and, preceded by the Liverpool and relations of Christianity to non-Christian systems Mildmay Conferences, there have been since 1900, is not the same as the question of the relations of international meetings at which the common drift Christian human beings to non-Christian human and the main variations from it were given utterbeings. One might think with disapproval and ance. I have made a careful study of the actual condemnation of some non-Christian system, or attitude of the missionary movement for the past of the untruths and evils sanctioned or sheltered hundred years as set forth in the discussions and in it, and yet think only with good will and kind- conclusions of the whole series of missionary conness and love of the men and women who adhere ferences at home and abroad from the first one to this system. There have been men who viewed in Calcutta in 1855 to the last one in Jerusalem the non-Christian religions with an intolerance in 1928. Such a study is an utter refutation of which was called bigotry who at the same time the view that foreign missions have been ignowon and held the hearts of the people of those re- rant of the non-Christian religions or harsh and ligions whom they loved with a passionate love. bigoted in attacking them. Most of what we have known about the non-Christian religions and their And let it be noted that the issue is not between sacred books in the past we have owed to missionforeign missions and the non-Christian religions. aries and in the main the missionary attitude to- The indigenous or national Christian Churches ward these religions has been in fact the attitude are even more intimately involved. It is a matter which will be set forth here. That attitude is of life and death to them, of the validity or in- briefly expressed in the statement which Princivalidity of their very existence. If the non-Chris- pal Cairns, made at Edinburgh in 1910 in pretian religions are adequate and entitled to possess senting the Report of the Commission on the the field then these Churches are illegitimate and Christian Message: represent a species of disloyalty and treason. The chief burden in this comparison falls on them, There are two very notable points in the evidence and on foreign missions with them, for two rea- which may be noticed in this place. The first of these sons-first because foreign missions are identi- is the practically universal testimony that the true atfied with them in spirit and purpose and second titude of the Christian missionary to the non-Chrisbecause foreign missions are the fruitage and the tian religions should be one 'of true understanding trustee of that view of Christ and the Gospel and, as far as possible, of sympathy. That there are which alone can produce the missionary enter- elements in all these religions which lie outside the prise and which alone can perpetuate Christian- possibility of .sympathy is, of course, recognized, and ity at home. The whole issue indeed is an issue that in some forms of religion the evil is appalling is for Christianity here. If Christianity is not such also clear. But nothing is more remarkable than the a religion that every man needs it, then no man agreement that the true method is that of knowledge needs to pay any attention to it. and charity, that the missionary should seek for the nobler elements in the non-Christian religions and use With these distinctions as far as possible in them as steps to higher things, that in fact all these mind, though it will be difficult not to forget religions without exception disclose elemental needs them, let us proceed with our inquiry. What is of the human soul which Christianity alone can satthe true Christian view of the non-Christian re- isfy, and that in their higher forms they plainly maniligions and of the right attitude to them? It is fest the working of the Spirit of God. On all hands often said that there has been a great change in the merely iconoclastic attitude is condemned as radithe Christian enterprise in this regard since the cally unwise and unjust. days of Carey and Duff at the beginning of the modern era, that the missionaries of those days But, along with this generous recognition of all that regarded the non-Christian religions as unquali- is true and good in these religions, there goes also fiedly evil and that their preaching was destruc- the universal and emphatic witness to the absolutetive and controversial. A just comparative judg- ness of the Christian faith. Superficial criticism ment is perhaps beyond our power. We know might say that these two attitudes are incompatible, something of the mind and method of outstand- that if Christianity alone is true and final, all other ing individuals but even this may mislead us. We religions must be false, and that as falsehoods they should be denounced as such.

Against that criticism we may, in the first place,

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

set the massive fact that the great weight of evi- have historical and academic interest, but it ha,s dence before us shows that these witnesses do not feel ceased to have the same practical importance in mis- this contradiction. sionary work as it used to have up to twenty or even Deeper consideration of the facts indeed leads us ten years ago. We must realize that the frontier of to the conviction that it is precisely because of the our missionary enterprise has changed, and with it strength of their conviction as to the absoluteness of we must also change the old tactics. Too much praise Christianity that our correspondents find it possible cannot be given to the growth in the study of com- to take this more generous view of the non-Christian parative religions in the missionary training centers religions. They know that in Christ they have what of the West. Thus prepared the missionary move- meets the whole range of human need, and therefore ment has been enabled to deal with the non-Christian they value all that reveals that need, however imper- more effectively. It is partly due to the educational fect the revelation may be. activities of the Christian movement that the other This very charity and tolerance, on the 'other hand, religions a"e losing the grip they had in non-Christian makes more impressive the agreement as to the abso- lands. While Christianity is making inroads into luteness and finality of Christ. Nowhere is the slight- these religions from one side, these religions are suf- est support found for the idea that Christianity is fering a great deal more in the rear from a group of only one religion among others, or that all religions new enemies, who have advanced so far into their ter- are simply different ways of seeking the one Father, ritory, that, for all practical purposes, Christianity and are therefore equally pleasing in His sight. One must ignore the incapacitated older religions and massive conviction animates the whole evidence, that think of its frontier work in terms of what it will Jesus Christ fulfills and supersedes all other religions, have to do with these same new forces: scientific and that the day is approaching when to Him every agnosticism, materialistic determinism, political fas- knee shall bow and every tongue confess that He is cism, and moral iconoclasm.

Lord to the glory of God the Father. (Edinburgh There are others who believe that the non- Conference Report, Vol. IV, pp. 267, 268.) Christian religions are doomed who would, never- theless, not ignore them. Dr. Robert A. Hume of Instead, however, of falling back on this state- India took this view. "Hinduism is doomed," he ment, which did not prevent the Jerusalem Coun- says in "An Interpretation of India's Religious cil from making a fresh approach in the light of History" (p. 177). But he wisely urges that we new conditions, let us set ourselves to answer for should thoroughly understand even doomed reliour own minds today.

Shall We Ignore Non-Christian Religions? gions in order to help to disentangle the good from the evil and bring it to Christ for His conservancy 1. Shall we simply go on our own way and pro- and fulfillment. But the doom of great religions claim the Gospel, paying no attention to non- seems still to be some distance away. Great Christian religions-either to their evil or to their masses of their adherents, especially women, have good? This would seem to be Karl Barth's idea been but slightly affected by the mighty tides of of our right course. He contends that we must change on which these religions are borne. Connot throw out bridges toward ot}:ler religions. The fucianism, indeed, as a religion may now be igwhole future of Christianity is bound up with nored, as Professor Hung asserts, but Hinduism what some call narrowness. He says: and Buddhism and Islam are far from disintegra- tion. But whether far or near, the course which Let the Christian Church with its message of the Barth suggests is a simple impossibility. We are One and Only God and of His mercy toward lost man, not preaching Christ in vacuo or an impersonal go on its way and proclaim the Gospel amidst other system in the midst of similar systems. Weare religions, no matter what their name, regardless of preaching Him to men and women. The preachwhat may happen, without yielding to their demons ing is conditioned at both ends-by us who carry even so much as a little finger. Christianity is some- it and by those to whom it is to be borne. It thing totally different from all the philosophies and all the other isms. (Quoted in The Sunday School Times, July 9, 1932, p. 365.) must be preached to them and with reference to Some advocate this course because they believe them and it is not fully preached until it reaches that the non-Christian religions are doomed, if them and relates them to Christ for themselves not already moribund and that it is waste energy as we ought to be related to Him for ourselves. to give any heed to them. William Hung of Yen- It is not our Christ that we are to give them. It ching University set forth this view in a striking is Christ who is greater than ours or theirs beletter which was read at the meeting of the J e- cause He is ours and theirs and all men's. As rusalem Council: Paul grandly asserted, He is "the Head of every man" and the Saviour of all men. (1 Cor. 13: 3; It seems to me that we have arrived at a stage in 1 Tim. 2: 4.) the history of missions when it is no longer worth while for the missionary leaders to study the Chris- The attitude of Christianity cannot be an atti- tian approaches to Buddhism, Confucianism, etc. The tude of ignoring. It must be an attitude of in- scientific study of these non-Christian religions will telligent understanding and appreciative recogni-

tion of every possible point of human contact in as it stands it does not contemplate the making the realm of ideal and in the friendly and helpful of individual converts to Christianity even by relationships of common life and neighborliness. worthy motives.

(See Ellinwood, "Oriental Religions and Chris- Christians as Truth Seekers tianity," Ch. 1.) Shall We Perpetuate Them? As against these views surely the true view is that every man is bound to seek and follow truth 2. Shall we recognize the non-Christian reli- wherever it leads him, whatever it converts him gions as sister faiths, or if this relation is too from or converts him to; that if Christianity is close, then as kindred faiths only a little farther true it is true irrespective of the "Great Com- removed, and shall we seek to strengthen and per- mission" in any form, and must be offered in the petuate them, not seeking to detach or convert most persuasive way to every man, and that the their adherents but trying to make every Moslem duty of so offering it is created not by any com- whom we can influence a better Moslem and every mand but by the very nature of the Christian Buddhist a better Buddhist? The general princi- faith; that Christianity is itself one of the an- ple underlying the view involved in such a ques- cestral faiths of India, the third in the number tion we have already considered. The whole con- of its adherents and already long established in tention is that, in the light of these investigations India before ever Mohammed arose in Arabia which we have been pursuing in the preceding (Stewart, "Nestorian Missionary Enterprise,"

lectures, Christianity must unequivocally reject Ch. V), and older than most of the Hindu schools this principle. But three considerations are often of the present day; that truth is truth, whether urged today against conversions to Christianity it be religious or political or mathematical or or "proselytism" as it is opprobriously called, other, and has its own right as truth, and that which it will be well to examine. First, it is said there is no less warrant for trying to convert men to be morally wrong. Second, it _is pronounced to the truth of God in Christ than for trying to psychologically wrong. And third, it is deemed convert them to the political and social ideas of unwise even in the interest of the ultimate suc- which Mr. Gandhi is so devoted an evangelist; cess of Christianity. though oddly enough if it is wrong to convert peo- First, it is said to be morally wrong. For a ple, it must be wrong to try to convert to a conlong time Judaism has protested against it, some- trary view those who deeply believe in convertimes because of the methods used but often on sion; and lastly that this view would freeze all the basis of principle. And Mr. Gandhi has put human progress. None of the present religions the protest in the plainest form. Writing in his could ever have arisen, for each had a beginning paper, Young India, in April, 1931, he said: and could not have begun if it had not broken in a real sense with the past. There are methods Every nation considers its own faith to be as good and motives of conversion which may be wrong as that of any other. Certainly the great faiths held but conversion itself is not wrong. To change by the people of India are adequate for her people. from error to truth is the clear and obvious duty India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another. . . . I do not seek to convert anybody to of every man and every society and every religion.

my faith…. Though my conviction is strong enough But, secondly, conversion from one religion to in me for me to die for that conviction, that force does not carry me to the goal of believing that the another is said to be psychologically wrong. same thing -should be believed by my fellow men. I There is, without doubt, a grave and difficult probknow what God wishes for me, but I am not so pre- lem involved in this matter of a transfer of resumptuous as to believe that I know what God wishes ligious faith and loyalty without loss of right for others. . . . I do not say "no religious teaching": reverence toward the past. Wise missionaries bring a man up to the highest light his own faith have always felt this. "When a young man stands has to give him. . . . I do not want you to get India forth to become a Christian," writes a discerning to change her faith…. The idea of converting peo- young missionary, "whether he will or no he ple to one's faith by speech and writings, by appeal usually finds himself separated from his own peo- to reason and emotion and by suggesting that the faith ple and hence from his own religious, moral and of his forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits cultural background. Of course this is neither the possibilities of serving humanity. (The Indian ideal nor best, except in part. For to isolate a Witness, Dec. 24, 1931.) man from his cultural background is to tear the Mr. C. F. Andrews states his sympathy with roots of his life from their old soil and to unduly Mr. Gandhi. He expresses "immense relief" that expose them. But the forces making for this re- criticism has exscinded the last verses of the Gos- sult are many. There is, however, this practical pel of Mark with their form of "The Great Com- thing that we can do, and that is to give to the mission," and believes that there are doubts also young Christian a consciousness of the great, as to the form given in Matthew, and that taken noble and enduring heritage of the Christian

1!l33] THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS 17!l

movement and to help him to make it his own." the spirit which lead to more distant, but to no less (Report letter, Rev. Paul J. Braisted, May 13, important results. I think more of Christ's own par- 1932, from Burma.) ables of the "leaven" penetrating the whole mass, and Professor Hocking had this in mind in saying "the seed growing secretly" as the symbols of the at Jerusalem that "no man's religion was sound spread of His Kingdom.

unless it was in some sense the religion of his This general leavening movement is truly tak- fathers." (Jerusalem Council Report, Vol. I, ing place all over the non-Christian world. And page 302.) And Dr. Willett has been so deeply it is thus, quite as much as through the winning influenced by it that he has gone so far as to say: of individuals into a separate Christian Church, "The best religious service which a Christian can that Sir Charles Trevelyan, who knew India well, render a Jew is to encourage him in loyalty to his thought its conversion would come. "Many per- ancestral faith. There is far greater value both sons," said he, "mistake the way in which the con- to the individual and to society [in this) … than version of India will be brought about. I believe in the transfer of men and women from the one it will take place at last wholesale, just as our confession to the other." (Art., "The Jews and own ancestors were converted. The country will Christians," in The Christian Union Quarterly, have Christian instruction diffused into it in Jan. 19, 1932.) every way by direct missionary education and in- This is not, of course, the New Testament posi- directly by books of various sorts, through the tion. Our Lord foresaw the breach between public papers, through conversation with Euro- Judaism and Christianity. "They shall put you peans, and in all the conceivable ways in which out of the synagogues," He told His disciples. knowledge is communicated. Then at last when "Yea, the hour cometh that whosoever killeth you society is completely saturated with Christian shall think that he offereth service unto God" knowledge and public opinion has taken a decided (John 16: 2). But He did not counsel them to turn that way, they will come over by thousands."

avoid this by any adjustment that would permit It may be so, but the enemy is at work also their remaining. The early Church sought a set- sowing tares; J aharwarlal Nehru and an increas- tlement with Judaism that would have avoided ing number like him believe neither in Hinduism, part at least of the rupture with the ancestral in- nor in Christianity; and many of the very men heritance. The Christian Church would do the in Japan, for example, who have left the old re- same today in Asia, but the same thing happens ligions and who declare that the nation must have now that happened at the beginning. The Chris- religion and that Christianity is the best for it, tian is cast out. And probably it is inevitable. are themselves stilI far away from its faith and Christ was not just another prophet. Christian- life.

ity was not a naturalistic development of Judaism. Greatly as Christianity rejoices in all this wide The Spread of Christianity and deep change, the duty of trying to win men and women to open and avowed faith in the Sav- Thirdly, the conversion and detachment of in- iour, and to membership in His visible Church is dividuals from other religions is disapproved in clear and undiminished. It is the right and duty the interest of the ultimate success of Christian- of Christianity to seek to convert individuals, by ity. It is argued that it should be allowed to work the Spirit of Christ.

as a leaven inside the old religions until the whole It is enough to reflect on what would have hap- mass is leavened. Mr. Bernard Lucas argued for pened to Christianity in the first or any subse- this view in "The Empire of Christ," and Mr. C. quent century if it had been content to lose itself F. Andrews set it forth with more recognition of as leaven in other religions and not sought at any the right and duty of individual conversion than cost to build Christ's Church.

in his latest statements in an article in The In- Shall We Amalgamate? terpreter, of October, 1909: I am led more and more, by my missionary experi- 3. If then, in the third place, we are not to ig- ence, to regard the conversion of India not as the nore the non-Christian religions, nor to protect aggregate of so many individual conversions but and perpetuate them, are we to effect some comrather as a gradual process of growth and change in bination or amalgamation between them and thought, idea, feeling, temperament, conduct-a proc- Christianity, or to provide a hospitable assimilaess which half creates and half reconstructs a truly tion or incorporation with Christianity? We be- Christian religious atmosphere, Indian at its best and lieve such a course is impossible. It would be an Christian at its best. In such an atmosphere once intolerable compromise of what must stand alone. formed, the spiritual growth of the countless millions There are vast human and ethical communities of India may go forward and fresh .fields of spiritual but there is no community and can be none invictory be won. This does not of course mean that I cease to believe in the conversion of the individual, volving Christ and God's deed for man in Christ.

but I seem to see other and more silent processes of "To many," as Professor James Pratt says, "the

exclusive attitude of the Christian missionary Shall We Attack Them?

may seem narrow," but it is the only possible 4. If we are not to ignore the non-Christian reattitude. ligions, nor to preserve and perpetuate them, nor If the missionaries -should agree to an amalgama- to merge with them, are we to attack and combat tion of Christianity with Hinduism, the Christian side them? Should we seek or seize opportunities to of the partnership would soon disappear in the ca- break them down? pacious maw of its ever hungry partner…. Christ In his "Life of Lord Lawrence," Bosworth would simply be added to the pantheon. . . . or He would be made an eleventh incarnation of Vishnu, and Smith relates that when the City of Delhi fell before many generations all that is distinctively Chris- during the Mutiny in 1858, some of Lord Lawtian would disappear from India as completely as Bud- rence's friends wrote to him, expressing the hope dhism did after Vishnu had swallowed Gautama…. that he would destroy the great mosque there. For most Indian theologians, whether Vaishnavite or In reply to this he wrote: "I will on no account any other school, there is little place for personal consent to it. We should carefully abstain from freedom, for genuine moral struggle and individual the destruction of religious edifices, either to fa- achievement, little place for virtue and sin as Chris- vor friends or to annoy foes." And when some tianity conceives them, little place in short for real in- of his intimate friends pointed out that to destroy dividuality and responsibility. And these are things the finest place of worship in the world would be which Christianity cannot give up without sacrificing felt as a blow to their religion by Mohammedans all that moral earnestness which is its life. everywhere, he jumped up from his seat, and slapping the foremost of them on his back, said, The Christian view of the Incarnation possesses "I'll tell you what it is: there are many things two inestimable advantages to which it must cling at you could persuade me to do, but you shall never any and every cost-the undoubted historicity of its persuade me to this." God-man, and the fact that in both His life and His teachings is to be found the supreme moral ideal.

("India and Its Faiths," p. 457f.) John Lawrence was a great Christian and And this supreme moral ideal is also the only surely he acted in this as a Christian should have Redeemer and Life-giver. Therefore Christian- acted in his place and office. The same principle ity cannot accept any view that equalizes or would deter any Christian from insulting or demerges religions. It is Christ the Light and Life. stroying a place or object of worship held dear It is here, as Forsyth says, not to improve men, or sacred. But there are practices and instituthough it alone can and will, but to pass them tions which must be combated-and often they from death to life. ("The Person and Place of are so related to religion that any attack on them Jesus Christ," p. 42.) is construed as an attack on religion. When it was proposed to abolish suttee in India, the cry But is there not a just and innocent assimila- was at once raised, "Our religion is in danger."

tion or transformation of other religions in their The movements against caste and child marriage relation to Christianity? Surely there is. All the and untouchability are regarded in the same way wholesome racial qualities which are involved, today by orthodox Hinduism.

sometimes impaired, often confused in the racial During Lord William Bentinck's Governor- religions are to be conserved, released, given a Generalship in India, by various enactments it new enfranchisement. All the truth is to be rec- became penal (1) for widows to be burnt alive ognized and secured in a richer and ampler home. on their husband's funeral pyres, (2) to murder Even old names may be carried on and old festi- parents by drowning, or exposure, or burial alive, vals, when they become nothing but names and (3) to murder children by leaving them on the forms and are filled only with the content of river bank to be the prey of crocodiles, (4) to en- Christ and His truth. We are not troubled in courage devotees to destroy themselves under the Christendom by the preservation of the names of wheels of idol-cars, (5) to promote voluntary tor- heathen gods in our names of the months of the ture by hook-swinging, or (6) to offer human sac- year and the days of the week or in Easter. Nor rifices, although all those crimes were done in the are some of the great festivals of the Christian name of religion (Stock, "History of the Church year less Christian because they once were not Missionary Society," Vol. I, p. 293).' And all of Christ's and are now His alone. these enactments were regarded as attacks on re- At the same time Christianity must be cease- ligion and were met by the cry, as Mr. Gandhi's lessly on its guard and it should refuse every efforts for the untouchables are met today, "Hincompromising adjustment. All that man can ever duism is in danger." Were Carey and Duff wrong find in Christ is there to be found. But it is there in advocating them? Assuredly not.

only. And it is there now. Christianity cannot But does the Christian attitude go beyond this?

merge with other religions and as a religion it Dr. Frere, the present Bishop of Truro, raised cannot go into partnership with other religions. seriously at the Edinburgh Conference in 1910

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN ~ELIGIONS

the question whether at times it should not do so, reasoning with the thoughtful and intelligent, it whether in dealing with heathenism a policy of would seem the one plan of winning the way to aggressive affront to idolatry was not warranted, their conviction and acceptance of the Divine. although he recognized that while medieval mis- faith to appeal to these primal truths, and sionaries sometimes pursued this course, uni- through the expansion and full development of formly in his opinion, nevertheless "in Rome them, to dislodge and shake off the mass of error itself the heathen temples were preserved-cau- with which they are encrusted. It would seem tiously, carefully and decently preserved-nor the way to conciliate prejudice, and break down was it until the middle of the sixth century that that posture of antagonism which the mind natuthere was any conversion made of a heathen tem- rally assumes, when its faith is directly assailed." ple into a Christian church." (Edinburgh Con- But this is all to the supreme end of leading on ference Report, Vol. IX, p. 190.) from these points of contact to the one essential thing-Christ and the gift of God in Him to man. Perhaps our answer today is not so difficult because so many other forces are engaged in the Professor Oscar M. Buck of Drew University work of destruction. Professor Hung of Yen- made the matter very clear in his address at the ching referred to these, and Mr. Macmurray of North America Foreign Missions Conference in Baliol described them in striking words in his 1930: "You and I must show forth Christ where paper for Jerusalem. He is different from the non-Christian faiths, not merely where He is similar. I feel that we have These religions are going to be smashed anyhow, stopped too easily at the similarities and drawn perhaps not quickly, but surely, and what is going to up much of our technique from that point of view. do it-indeed is already doing it-is modern science, We have not remembered that similarities give us modern commerce, and modern political organization. only our contact; they do not furnish our impact. These are the things that the East wants from us; Similarities never convert, only contrasts do that. and on the whole it does not want our Christianity. Conversion for the sincere non-Christian is not a It will have them and they will destroy its religions, matching, but an exchange, not an easy transiits customs, and its social organizations. It doesn't tion, but a transformation." seem to me to be really worth while to attempt to save from the wreck what seems to us good and valuable Christianity does not go out into the world in the 'older non-Christian civilizations. Why all this merely to carry to men truth they already possess arch~ologism ? When the old systems of life have be- or to confirm that truth. It is true that that truth come a mere memory-as Rome and Greece have for requires Christianity to secure and complete it. us,-then all that is of permanent value in them will But in Jesus' bold language, He came not to call be ripe and available for educational purposes. At the the righteous but sinners to repentance (Mark moment the good and the bad are so thor{)ughly inter- 2: 17). There was perhaps an irony in His twined, so unified in a common concrete way of life, words. He did not say how many righteous there that the destruction of the system must precede the were. And thus He goes abroad today. The comrescue of its valuable elements. mon truth is only the starting point and it may be exaggerated and misused to frustrate the Chris- Christianity's mission may truthfully be de- tian mission. scribed in terms of salvation for individuals and salvage for whatever is good in their religions. There are three warning words which may well There are treasures of art and architecture and be cited. The first is Sir Henry Maine's, appliliterature associated with the non-Christian re- cable to the danger of coloring non-Christian ligions which belong to the wealth of mankind. ideas by interpretations which really misrepre- The forces which Hung and Macmurray describe sent them: "There is no greater delusion than are pitiless in their destruction of these treasures. to suppose that you weaken an error by giving it One reason why Christianity ought at once to pos- the color of truth. On the contrary you give it sess the earth is that these values may be saved pertinacity and vitality and greater power of where alone they can be preserved in safety,-in evil." Christ. Let me preface the two other words from Mr. The Recognition of Truth Edwyn F. Bevan and Mr. Macmurray. From his new Christian viewpoint Paul saw more clearly 5. It is pleasant to come to these more positive than the Jews the true spiritual values of their notes. It is part of the Christian attitude, the inheritance. Even so it is Christians who ought true attitude, to see and to stress all that it can to see and appreciate all true spiritual values find that is good and true. This is what we ought existing anywhere and glory in them. It is a hard to do because it is right. And we ought to do it question of fact, however, as to whether the exbecause the only wise beginning is to find com- altation of these values helps men and women to mon ground. Speaking of the primal truths which come to Christ. In many cases it has done so. are met, Anthony Grant in his Bampton Lectures They have been drawn to Christ by finding in long ago remarked with obvious sound sense: "In

Him the many things they prize most in their per- 17: 22-34; Mat. 13: 1-35; Cf. Heim, "The New fect fulness. But on the other hand there are men Divine Order," pp. 99f.) and women who come to Him for what they have Is There Fulfillment? never found or known even in part. For these Mr. Macmurray and Mr. Bevan in their papers 6. Once more, there are many who find in the for the Jerusalem Missionary Council set forth words "fulfill" and "complete" an expression of one aspect of missionary policy'. Mr. Bevan the true attitude of Christianity to the non-Chris- tian religions. The words appear again and again wrote: in our present-day discussions, and usually we let them pass without stopping to scrutinize them. One great question of principle is: How far should They rest back on our Lord's great saying in the we present to non-Christian peoples what in Christianity is like their own traditions; how far what is unlike? There is a tendency in some quarters to rec- Sermon on the Mount, "Think not that I came to ommend Christianity to the Indians by making it as destroy the law and the prophets: I came not to like Hinduism as possible. On the other hand, it is just the elements in Christianity which are unlike destroy but to fulfill" (Mat. 5: 7). anything else in Hinduism that Indians most need, as But have we adequately examined this idea of Tennyson said of his friend, fulfillment? Does it cover all the facts and the "He supplied my want the more necessities of them? Did Christ come to fulfill That his unlikeness fitted mine." what is evil or untrue? Must not any honest formula include destruction as well as fulfillment?

And Mr. Macmurray said: As Principal Hogg of Madras Christian College There is first a general danger in comparing Chris· says: "Let the missionary, it is said, present tianity with other religi'ons and picking out for em- Christianity as the fulfillment of Hinduism. This phasis what they have in comm'On. That is all right formula has the advantage of permitting Hindu in a university classro'Om, 'Or in merely historical.study. religion to be regarded not· as seeking only but As a basis of P'Olicy it seems t'O me t'O be gratuitously as partial finding: yet beyond this it has little weak. The essential questi'On is t'O disc'Over what practical helpfulness. To call the relation of Christianity has t'O give tD the world that nD other re- Christianity to Hinduism one of fulfillment may ligi'On can give-in any degree. The difference has tD be indeed permissible, but the description obbe 'One of kind. Unless Christianity is essentially and scures the fact that it fulfills by, at least parradically different frDm 'Other religi'Ons, unless there is tially, destroying." Archbishop Trench closed his some sense in which it is just right and they are just great lectures on "Christ, the Desire of the Nawr'Ong, then there isn't much tQ be said fQr the mis- si'Onary drive. tions," with a clear recognition of evil in the non- One 'Of the prQfQundest remarks which I have come Christian religions which has its terrible lesson across abQut religi'On is in CQllingwQQd's Speculum Mentis. He says that religiQn reached its climax in but which is not as evil to be fulfilled. It is to Christ; and in dQing S'O it ceased tQ be religi'On. Us- be wiped out, and to endure only as those exing religiQn in this sense-and it is the only sense in purgated sections of ancient books which reprewhich it can be used when 'One stUdies cQmparative re- sent Christ's destructive power and are "the ligiQn-he seems tQ me tQ be· just right. Much that trophies of the triumph of Christianity." Of the evil in the non-Christian religions it is absolutely belongs tD religion in this sense permeates what we right to use the words not "fulfill" and "leaven" call Christianity-b'Oth in dQctrine, in spiritual 'Outlook, and in 'Organization. And I have a convictiQn but conquer and destroy.

that the points which the various w'Orld religi'Ons have And our Lord's words are to be interpreted in in CQmmQn with Christianity are in large measure the the light of other similar words of His and of the P'Oints which are nQt specifically Christian, but merely facts of history. "I came not to judge the world, religiQus. but to save the world" (John 15: 47). And yet Here is the real lesson to be drawn from Paul's He said also, "For judgment came I into the sermon on Mars Hill. That sermon is made to world" (John 9: 39). "I judge no man, yea and bear too much when it is interpreted as a recog- if I judge, my judgment is true" (John 8: 15, nition of the equality of all religions or an ac- 16). "I have many things to speak and to judge knowledgment by Paul of the validity and ade- concerning you" (John 8: 26). He came indeed quacy of the Athenian acknowledgment of God. not to judge but to save. But His coming was a He begins, indeed, just as the wise preacher does judgment and by every contact and relationship today on common ground but he presses on at of His with men, men are judged. So also He once to the distinctive Christian message and the came to fulfill the law but He fulfilled the law by . e~plosion came with his first· reference to the superseding it. Where is it now? What disposed Resurrection, and the writer adds with a sorrow- of it? Christ destroyed it. And He is abroad to- ful touch, "Then Paul went out from among day to destroy as well as to fulfill,-to fulfill all them." It was not that the method failed. The goodness and righteousness and truth and to de- sower sowed wisely-but, alas! the soil! (Acts stroy, not to leaven or perfect, slavery, polygamy,

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

child marriage, caste, temple prostitution, injus- It is clear that the word "sharing" can be used tice, greed and all the works of "the man of sin in the true Christian sense of making Christ that opposeth and exalteth himself against all available to all the world, but it is to be feared that is called God or that is worshipped so that that the word is sometimes used today with du- he sitteth in the temple of God, setting himself biety of meaning. If it means that Christians forth as God … him will God destroy" (2 Thes. are to go to all men with Christ and the New 2: 3-10; 1 Cor. 3: 17). Here there are no geo- Testament message of Christ and share this in- graphical or religious bounds. Jesus is abroad stead of monopolizing it or keeping it as their on this mission in East and West alike, in all re- own private possession, well and good. If it ligions and in all life. He came indeed to fulfill. means that the Christian Church in America, for But there was and is another side to His mission, example, is to share with the Christian Church equally true. The gentle John spoke of it with in China in the evangelization of China, in the unflinching words: "To this end was the son of common world task of Christianity, in the united God manifested, that he might destroy the works exploration of the riches of Christ and in the in- of the devil" (1 John 3: 8). terchange of what they have found in Him, also And even the very goods and truths of the non- well and good. But if it means that Christianity Christian religions which it may be said Christ and Hinduism, for example, are to share each is to fulfill must themselves be baptized and re- with the other what that other has not, then the deemed. Neither the good of any man nor the conception is contrary to the realities of truth.

good of any religion can stand in itself before the It is to be feared that many use the new phrase blazing light and holiness of Christ. The Conti- in the sense of the equalitarianism of religions.

nental delegates at the International Missionary In other cases it is used to offset or correct the Council in Jerusalem in their statement declared supposed claim of superiority involved in offering their "conviction that the most sublime and heart Christianity to the world as the absolute and final stirring elements in the non-Christian systems if or even as the best religion. Instead of giving they are to be ruled by Jesus Christ, have to be people the Gospel, we "share our experience."

converted and regenerated in order to come to But will not this be seen, as soon as the novelty their complete fulfillment." It is essential for us of the new word is worn off, to imply an even to see this. The non-Christian religions are not more objectionable superiority complex? The to develop naturally into Christianity. They are Gospel is something for which we claim no credit to humble themselves and to be regenerated as a at all. It came to us from Asia and we are only good deal of present-day Christianity must, and passing it on. But our own experience is a per- this is hard for the corporate pride of great sonal claim, and to make it our message o'pens systems. the way to a host of new dangers, and only in- Let there be no mistake. The values of the old creases the old ones from which we were seeking religions themselves and of modern Christianity, to escape. Furthermore is it psychologically pos- too, need conversion. They too must be washed sible to share experience? It can be reported in the blood of the Lamb, pass through the agony but it cannot be shared. To share means to part of the Cross and rise again in the Resurrection. among two, to divide, to possess in common. No But, it is said, this is the very imperialistic one else can possess my experience. He can have tone in Christianity which modern thought has one of his own but it cannot be mine. What each been doing its utmost to eliminate, in the attitude and both of us can do is to experience Christ.

of Christianity to the non-Christian religions. And Christ is what we have to share. He is only Well, there is a false imperialism which is ab- and all. There can be no counter or return from horrent to Christianity, and there is a true im- anyone else.

perialism which is inherent in it. Truth is abso- The Conquering Christ lutely imperialistic and despotic and it cannot be 8. So we come in the end to Christianity's beotherwise. And Jesus Christ is Master and Lord. gining. In the words of F. W. H. Myers' glorious Three times in the New Testament He is so called, poem on St. Paul: despotes or "Emperor" (2 Timothy 2: 21; 2 Peter 2: 1; Jude 4). And no disciple of His has Christ is the end as Christ was the beginning; any warrant to abate His imperial claim, the Christ the beginning, for the end is Christ.

claim of His grace and love, but also of His right And I do not see how we can answer our ques- tion, "What does Christianity propose with reand power. gard to the religions that exist in the world?" . Sharing Religion otherwise than Dr. William NeWton Clarke an- 7. Another word which has come into usage swered it.

with regard to the Christian attitude toward the The attitude of the religion that bears the name 'of non-Christian religions is "sharing." Jesus Christ is not one of compromise, but one of con-

flict and of conquest. It proposes to displace the Why is the word conquer not right and true?

other religions. The claim of Jeremiah is the claim Dr. John Henry Barrows did not hesitate to use of Christianity,-"The gods that have not made the it as the title of his Morse Lectures on returning heavens and the earth, they shall perish from the earth from India, "The Christian Conquest of Asia." and from under the heavens." The survival of the It is not the West conquering the East. It is not Creator, joyfully foreseen, is the ground of its con- even Christianity conquering Hinduism, Budfidence and its endeavor. Christianity thus under- dhism and Islam. It is Christ conquering human takes a long and laborious campaign, in which it must hearts. He has conquered our hearts, or to the experience various fortunes and learn patience from trials and delays; but the true state of the case must extent that He has not done so, they still need not be forgotten, namely, that Christianity sets out His conquest. We rejoice to be His disciples as for victory. The intention to conquer is characteristic our Master, and His subjects as our King. This of the Gospel. This was the aim of its youth when it is the true relationship of men to Him whether went forth among the religions that then surrounded it be men of Asia or men of Europe, men of Hinit, and with this aim it must enter any field in which duism or men of Christianity. old religions are encumbering the religious nature of man. It cannot conquer except in love, but in love it And this is our Christian message,-the suintends to conquer. It means to fill the world. ("A preme, solitary Saviour who has come forth by Study of Christian Missions," p. I07f.) conquering to save, and beside whom there is no Christianity rightly uses the word conquer. other. As Christina Rossetti wrote in her hymn Dr. Clarke Cuthbert Hall says the Christianiza- forty years ago: tion of the world "suggests the conservation of None other Lamb, none 'other Name, all there is in the non-Christian faiths and its None other Hope in heaven or earth or sea, purgation, reconstruction and consummation in the fullness that is Christ Jesus." ("The Uni- None other Hiding Place from guilt and shame, versal Elements of the Christian Religion," p. None beside Thee!

51.) But what is true does not need to be purged. My faith burns low, my hope burns low; It is what is false and evil. And what is false Only my heart's desire cries out in me, and evil needs to be more than purged. It needs to be conquered, driven out, destroyed. If the By the deep thunder of its want and woe, Cries out to Thee!

early missionary leaders spoke of the enterprise Lord, Thou art Life, though I be dead; as war it was, necessary and inevitable war, with Love's Fire Thou art, however cold I be: evil, with polytheism and idolatry. Nor heaven have I, nor place to lay my head, And Christians today who cannot be accused N or home, but Thee.

of bigotry or intolerance think and speak in- .

stinctively in the same terms. Albert Schweitzer It is Jesus Christ and Him only and Him alone, calls the encounter of the basic ideas of Brah- the Son of God and the Son of Man, the only Re- manism and Buddhism on the one side and of deemer, Saviour and Lord, to whom a crown was Christianity on the other a "battle." He and his given and who came forth conquering and to fellow missionaries fighting against darkness and conquer. On this rock the Christian Church stood death, disease and sin are the "advance guard of at the beginning. Here it has stood through all an army." Dr. J. H. Cotton comes home from the the ages. Here it must continue to stand. "Other Joseph Cook lectureship in India with the convic- foundation can no many lay than that is laid."

tion that "with the attitude of Hinduism, the Gos- From this foundation the Church of Christ, so pel of Christ with its urgent Gospel of redemption long as it is true to its message and its mission, can make no peace." whether at home or abroad, will never remove.

Amid the many things that have fallen apart in the secular world and in the world of religious thought, the Bible stands unshaken. That Word is still the "lamp unto our feet and the light unto our path." It is singular that, in a day of criticism against many expressions of religion, this Book of books is being read and studied with greater devotion by more people than ever before. Science, governments, and culture have not kept the world from chaos, but the Word of our God abides forever. More criticism has been directed toward it in the past generation than against all other books of religion, but not one shred. of truth has been found false. In this Book, God still speaks to man and man to God. Gilbraltar may go down before the waves of an angry sea, but the "Rock of Ages" has withstood every storm and stress. We may well still saturate our language with its vocabulary, our lives with its spirit, and our age with its teaching.-DR. JOSEPH R. SIZOO.

the Edge of a Great Closed Land*

By the RIGHT REV. ARTHUR WARD, London, England Bishop of tbe Moravian Church W EST of the Great Closed Land of Tibet bridge-builder came, a single tree, or, where lie several small territories, Tibetan in ponies had to pass, two or more trees side by side speech and in population, and Buddhist, across the chasm, formed a sufficient bridge. In or more correctly Lamaist, in religion. Part of the side valleys an enormous rope of twigs and these territories is under direct British rule, as grass is often the only means of crossing a river.

for instance La- :'~'~~~~'~"';JfQ~·~.q51l'f~~·UjQl ~·~·"tlI·~a·~~·nj'~~~·Q~-t' houl, in which lies the Moravian ~ Mission station ~~~'I:i~..q~'~1J} 1~~W~~~'~~~~ 1~~·~"'I·AI·ii~~i~SI'r,(·qr,~· of Kyelang. Part is under the Ma- ~~:c·~·~·~l;·.fInJ·U~J,;·~·~;r~~~~ '¥I'~~['a'!~~~'~~r:f34f(nrA1¥'~ I harajah of Kash- LlJh·~~·~~4I'~sr~~~·qa·~~~~ll!?~.,~J:r~Z:·~~~~~~~I¥~4J I mir, roughly the Indus Valley, in ~q~~~.tQ·~l~~·e'3~~~~~ilI(l';~~J ~~'~~~~;;rif~~1 11 which Leh and K hal a t s e are THE LORD'S PRAYER PRIXTED IX TlBETA:T found; part is The Iniss ion preHses in 'Vpst Himalaya are printing portions of the ScriptufPS under little ra- and the lll"issionaries distribute thenl, sending' thelll over tl1e border into Tibet.

jahs. Through a Where even that is lacking, he who would pass to the other side must trust himself to the inflated considerable hide of the yak and paddle across with hands and feet. There is no vehicle on wheels in the whole stretch nomads country except a hand-cart which a Christian ar- tisan made for himself in the town of Leh. wander with "Cloudless Ladak," of which Leh is the capital, their flocks and would be a desert, if man had not learned to use the streams to irrigate the sand and the silt that herds, who are Bl'nDHIST PRAYER-:flLL forms a delta at every place where a brook joins supposed to be its river. No rain can come from the north, and subject to some Inscribed with the nlost popular the monsoons that beat upon the southern face of ruler, but live prayer. Om…llani Pad1l1e hHH~, sup- the Himalayas, nourishing the marvelous vegetatheir own life in posed to mean "Oh, jewel in the lotus," tion of the lower levels, and covering the mounthe freedom of gvery turn of the "mill" is supposed tain-tops with snow, seldom send more than a to repeat the prayer; every repetition sprinkle of snow above that giant wall that of the prayer adds to the merit of the stretches more than a thousand miles across their one praying. path. The side valleys on the south are green to the edge of the snow, but the valleys between the mountain, valley, and plateau which nobody covets two mountain-chains are barren, except where man has made the desert fruitful by leading the and few ever see. water of the torrent along tiny channels to the places where he can make a field or a garden. A great part of this land of Western Tibet, or There he plants his apricot trees which supply him with fruit and oil, some willows and poplars Little Tibet, as it is sometimes called, lies be- for timber and fuel, and some barley for his chief food. His fires are mostly fed with dried dung, tween the two main ranges of the Himalayas and his cattle and ponies feed on chaff and such where the long sand valley, thousands of feet above sea-level, is guarded on either side by rocky mountains capped with eternal snows. The passes by which communication with the outside world is possible all lie more than 11,000 feet above the sea and are impassable in winter except along the Indus and the Sutlej Rivers. Through this route the dak-runners carry the mails at the risk of their lives through avalanche, torrent, and landslide.

The inland rivers have a regular tide; for, being fed by the mountain-snow, they rise with the ris- ing sun, and fall as it sets. Until the European . * Plates to illustra.te this article are loaned by The lIIoravian .Zf.'I-is- scant herbage as can be found on the mountain- /:l lO lwry, Bf'thlehem, Pa.

[ 185 ]

side. Where lowland animals would perish of the face of the demons which swarm everywhere hunger, they manage to pick up a livelihood. the sacred Buddhist formula: Om mani padme hum ("Oh Jewel in the lotus !"). Mani walls In such a country the population is necessarily are covered with the same words as a further sparse. It is further kept down by sending one safeguard. This spell is considered so powerful son from every home into a Lamaist monastery.

that it is printed millions of times on cotton or paper and wound round the spindles of barrels large and small, known as prayer-wheels, which whirl in the bed of a stream day and night, or are turned by the hand of priest or nun in the temple, or by the laity as they pass along the road, or sit by the wayside. As the prayer-wheel revolves, all the virtue of all the prayers it con- tains, is thought to add to the merit of him who turns it, or of the rich man who had it made.

Among these people the aim of life is to acquire merit; ,for by merit the position of every living thing is deter- mined in all the six spheres of exist- ence-among gods, titans, men, ani- mals, tortured souls, and denizens of BUDDHIST DEVIL DANCERS OF TIBET hell. By merit Buddha left the Wheel who assist in torturing souls of the departed. The Tibetan religion is one of fear of Life with its endless rebirths and from which missionaries al'~s t7e~~~I~~ If~dJ~~~SP~~;f8{.nto the light of God's love, entered Nirvana, and only by merit can his disciples follow him. This is gained Even so, the number of men exceeds that of the by the use of the rosary and prayer-wheel, by women, some of whom are nuns.. As a result the pilgrimages and prostrations, by reading holy custom of polyandry prevails, and the wife of the books and hearing them read, even when sixty eldest son is the wife of all the brothers who live monks seated in a circle read aloud at the same at home. These husbands are, in turn, often absent. time sixty different pages to get the merit of Their houses are built of stone and are roofed in with branches and twigs covered with earth stamped down till it is hard. Flat stones are also used where these are available. Such roofs would be useless in a country where rain falls often and heavily. The little snow in winter is allowed to lie until spring, and then is shoveled off the roof before it melts. Stairways are made either of rough stone, or of a notched tree. The cattle-shed is below, the hu- man dwelling above. The interior is dark and cheerless, so that the roof is, as it were, the best room. Since arable land is scarce, the village is built on the rock.

The approach to a village is marked by conical structures of solid masonry A CIImSTIA~ SEWING SCHOOL AT LEH called "chortens," intended to be relic- holders, and usually containing miniature images sixty pages simultaneously. Still more merit is made of clay and the ashes of a saint. Prayer- gained by living as a hermit a life of contempla- flags, large and small, are seen on the side of tion, or by being immured in a monastery to live the road, on the chortens, on the houses, and on and die in the dark without speech or sight of the cairn at the top of the pass. These flap into one's fellowmen.

19331 ON THE EDGE OF A GREAT CLOSED LAND

Merit may be lost by means as mechanical as shadowed by Padmasambhava, the queller of de- those by which it is gained, so that few can know mons, who was called into the country from India on which side the balance lies. To take the life of in 747 to conquer the demons who were the dread the meanest creature entails loss of merit; for of the people. He marched through the land vanwho knows what soul was incarnate in that crea- quishing his enemies by the power of his spells ture? The beggar does not thank his benefactor and of the dorje, the emblem of the thunderbolt, for alms, but regards himself as the benefactor which is stilI one of the symbols of the priestly who gave the other the opportunity of gaining power. Padmasambhava founded "The Religion,"

merit by his gift. The giver dare not refuse, for as Lamaism is called, and built the first monastery. to do so would entail loss of merit. Thus all moral Today there are monasteries which are said to standards are confused. The missionary may lay contain as many as 10,000 lamas, and from end to down his life in unselfish service, but the people end of the land the lama rules the lives of the among whom he lived never think of him as unself- people. No important event in the family, in soish, for he was "reaping merit," which is the ciety, or in religion can take place without his crown of life. Christ Himself, when He gave knowledge and his participation. He quells the Himself to suffering and death for the salvation demons, as the founder of his order did, or permits of the world, is considered to have been simply them to work their will on the disobedient. In gaining merit for Himself. They believe that all devil-dances, performed by priests in hideous His love, and all His life, suffer- ~~~s ~~~n~~at~~rcO~~r~el~sH~~t ,-'~'" _>.~O".. ~ .::.:.,:>:::~'~~:;:::-:~~X;'::::':-':~-':!··~::"·~·"'-'f'-~'':.

communicable. He could be an '11>– .. •….", ..,…. "- .(,i);· .•…. ~. '<..- ". "H I"~r.'o:"e…l…-..!.-·.".'.t·;·. ~1o~,tl..,".4,:.·l~' . I", .. "•… _…….. . I ('f !- t' ,…. "'J V ; ~,/ t •.(:5 S"".,..,,h.J,ti< example, as Buddha was, but ~.>,~. ;, ; . ", I •• , • 1. ••' '",: • '< • . '- •.••.

'nothIO ng more. ,,,,,ll…,._L '.,••-J ~ ('hutjtK-~i,.c1.f.#n.~,j~;';''='''·'-'9 ~".',_' ."'L, TL.b~t. o E ven hJeersuI.ns 'hteeaavcehnI',n. gIS 0u.fnlnGt0edI,- ,.'.~..'<,,-,-, J"o:Bt…ol aa.lC.D ….r… •: ur F at 0 ;j~b<£~< ,<I,,<iI, ~ , W..t" . – .s;m~ .,~'l.,. ligible to them at first; for the "-…?,l;1J r….I… 0 '?; ", ) 1. ",10<) V A.~~A=::::::;: Sc..}e.. '1"0"'''''''' I. , .Yt::J.~ , …… . . _~ Tibetan gods, the Lhas, are not · '.-".7"",/:"~~;~':''':'r, ./ r. good in a moral sense. All the g.j""" ". !tJ:…,.s", resources of spells and magic are …..—–, .9n.t;", '……'.l..c·~.:'/.··.~.:".",~..:,}:~i''-'r..1S~-;!;….:…~•..o./../…. '

needed to guard mankind against their spite when they are angry. ………._._J ……. — If a Lha (god) is to escape from T lI3E T AlD TH E WEST HIMALAY A M ISS JO:-< the Wheel of Life, he must be· Kyelang, found ed 185B; Chot, 1897; Leh , ] 885 ; Kh a a tse, 1899 ; a nd Poo, 1865 , come a man and live the life of a Buddha. Then masks, he sets forth the power of the demons to do he too may be saved. When the great mission- harm, if the strong lama, the Superior One, is not ary, Jaeschke, translated the New Testament into there; and proclaims their powerlessness in his Tibetan, he pondered long before he could decide presence. He controls the demons by assuming what word to use for God. At last he chose the aspect of princes of demons, and the saying: "Kon-chog" (dkon-mcog) , a word which really "He casteth out devils by Beelzebub, the prince of designated "The Most Precious Thing." This the devils," would seem to them to be a compliment comprises the triad of Buddhism-the Buddha, and not a reproach. giver of the law; the scriptures that contain his teaching; the priesthood that mediates on his Their power in the last resort is founded upon teaching. Jaeschke thus justifies his choice in their teaching of metempsychosis. The fear of all his dictionary: the possibilities of rebirth, backed by the fears of a demon-ridden land, keep the people in subjection As the original and etymological signification of the to those who claim to know the way of safety, and word is no longer current, so to every Tibetan dkon- have power to put fear into the rebellious. m.cog -suggests the idea of some supernatural power, the existence ·of which he feels in his heart, and the na. Against this ancient and mighty system are ture and properties of which he attributes more or less contending a handful of Moravian missionaries. to the three agents mentioned above, we are fully en- The pioneers, Heyde and Pagell, were sent to titled to assign to the word dkon-rneog also the signifi· Mongolia in 1853 to begin a mission that should cation of God, though the sublime conception which the work eastwards to meet the missionaries in China Bible connects with this word, viz, that -of a personal, who were moving westwards from the coast. Rusabsolute, omnipotent being, will only with the spread sia refused to let them pass through her territory, of Christianity be gradually introduced and e,stab· and after repeated efforts to get through from lished. India, they asked permission to stay in Western Tibet, where they found themselves held up once But in Tibetan Buddhism, the Master is over-

more. They founded Kyelang in Lahoul and Poo shut off from the rest of the world four or five in Kunawur, close to the frontier of the Closed months in the year, and in spite of the perplexing Land. The Church sent out J aeschke, its greatest variety of dialects in a mountainous region, the linguist, to master the language, produce a dic- sense of the message gets through by the aid of tionary, and translate the Bible. He died in 1883, pictures and lanterns. when he had completed all the New Testament, except Hebrews, having chosen as his vehicle from Sometimes the seeming impossibility of the among the many dialects the literary form of task of dealing with the power of Lamaism, not classical Tibetan. His work has been carried on to mention the Hinduism and Mohammedanism by his successors, until the completion of the Old that have followed the trader and the State official Testament is in sight, and thanks to the initial especially in Leh, almost sap one's courage. The fight between David and Goliath was on even terms in comparison with this. But in a service in one of these little congregations, and espe- cially at a celebration of the communion, faith returns; for these Ladakh Christians also were Buddhists; now there has been a new creation.

The oldest station of the Mo- ravians in Asia is Kyel.ang in La- hou!' This has served as the base for wide itineration and for visits to Triloknath, a sacred place of pilgrimage. Some who have heard Christ preached there have gone to Kyelang to be taught more fully. One of the Christians has taken charge of the work as an unpaid volunteer on two occasions when there was no missionary available.

Poo, the second station, had to be closed a few years ago, chiefly on account of the economic circum- THE VILLAGE OF poa, 0::1 THE BORDER OF TIBET Evangelists stances in the Sutley Valley; but there are still Christians there Founded in lRH5, the missionary work was abandoned tenlporarily ill j 92-1. who do not figure on the official in 1930 and 1931 founded a revival of interest.

list. The village is only eight miles work of Jaeschke and the help of three educated from Tibet, which has been entered more than once Tibetans, members of one family, the third of from there, especially on errands of mercy. Since 1904 the British Government has been pledged to prewhom is one of the first two ordained Tibetan vent all Europeans from crossing the border. Conpastors, there will be a translation of the Bible, sidering the disadvantages under which they labor, as Dr. Francke said, which can rank with the the Christians who have remained faithful without Tibetan classics, as the English, and German the support of a missionary must have learned well, Bibles rank foremost among the classics of their so that their faith in Christ has not failed. respective lands. The greatest success has been achieved in Leh, the Reckoned by numbers the Church of Western capital of Ladak. Two native ministers who were Tibet, the fruit of the work of nearly eighty years ordained in 1920 were members of this congregation.

is very small; but it is not the whole of the fruit. Most of the evangelists have sprung from there; so The mission schools have done their share, though have the dispenser at the hospital and the native they have now mostly passed into the hands of the nurse. The latter once said of one of the two native State, except as far as the girls are concerned. ministers: "He gives us soul-food." Every day an Some heathen customs and conceptions have van- address is given at the hospital to the patients who come for treatment. As manY as 600 (sometimes ished for very shame before the face of the Chris- more) come from Turkestan in the few months when tian missionary. Copies of tracts and of the Gos- the passes are open, and over 100 from India. Leh is pels have found their way into Tibet and Nepal a trading center visited from far and near. It is imand into the monasteries themselves. A Tibetan possible to track the results of this daily preaching of news-sheet has carried new facts and new the Gospel by EUropeans and Tibetans. The opposithoughts into Tibetan villages. Evangelizing tion of the lamas is strong, and the people take little tours have taken the Gospel into valleys that are interest in religion, whether th!)ir own or ours.

Liberating India's Outcastes*

By the REV. JAMES F. EDWARDS, Poona, India Editor 0/ the Dnyanodaya; Principal of United Theological College of Western India H UNDREDS of Hindu temples all over India touchability, and not on a comparatively small are at last being opened to India's untouch- issue." ables, in spite of orthodox opposition. Sol- The explanation of India's new attitude toemn resolutions are being passed by caste people wards the outcaste seems to include at least three of all grades that they will cease to reckon anyone factors in bringing about the revolution: the pa- as low merely because of birth. Weare in the tient work of the Indian social reformers; the midst of that social, moral and religious revolu- influence of the British Government and of other tion, the unmistakable signs of which. have been civilizing influences from the West; the work of long detected by discerning eyes. Christian missionaries and the Indian Church.

We see the birth of the new India of missionary The first two of these factors have been deeply dreams, just as the birth of modern Japan was influenced by the third.

heralded in the middle of the last century by the India's social reformers, with invincible opti- noble Samurai class relinquishing the rights they mism, have plodded on with their colossal task.

possessed by virtue of dignity and birth. The editor of the Indian Social Reformer, presid- For caste and all its evils, India has to thank ing at the fortieth National Social Conference, the Hindu faith. The roots of caste go deep down said that he could even then "hear almost every into the Hindu theory of karma which holds the day some part of this medireval system crashing outcaste status to be the punishment for evil deeds to the ground as if struck down by unseen hands."

done in a former existence. Hence, for two thou- On the historic 24th of September when India sand years Hinduism has been the negation of from end to end was trembling for fear lest nationality, split up into 2,300 separate castes. Gandhi should die of the fast he had begun four The denationalizing power of untouchability is days earlier, the Reformer came out with one of clear from the numbers of the outcastes-the lat- the greatest articles in the history of Indian jour- est estimate being 62,000,000. nalism, giving unanswerable facts to support its The Indian Christian Church itself has not es- contention against "Self-Immolation As a Method caped the blighting curse of caste. Sadhu Sundar of Social Reform." Mr. Gandhi himself has for Singh said that the spirit of caste in the Church years had the orthodox pundits fulminating was like elephantiasis in the Church's feet. The against him for his campaign against untouchconverted Brahmin, the late Rev. NiIkanth Nehe- ability, though his campaign has been weakened 'miah Goreh, said that "Christianity with caste by his repeated view that "the caste system is in- herent in human nature." would be no Christianity at all." . . .

Some people speak of the new revolution in Anti-untouchability also owes so much to the India regarding the untouchables as if the revo- influence of the British Government in India. A lution had been accomplished on September 24th well-known Indian writer belonging to the high by the Poona Pact and in virtue of Gandhi's vow caste wrote recently: "The depressed classes to "fast unto death" unless some of the disabili- would have lived in perpetual serfdom, or far ties of the outcastes were removed. The strain of worse than serfdom, if India had not been placed political untouchability still remains in the sepa- under British rule." A few years ago, Sir George rate register for untouchables. in the primary Curtis, then a member of the Bombay Governor's elections approved by Gandhi in the Poona Pact. Council, when a bill was before the House pro- Sir Chimanlal Setalvad, chairman of the Western posing to give to untouchables throughout the India Liberal Association says: "One wishes that Bombay presidency the common rights of using Mr. Gandhi had used the sledge-hammer method public wells and of their children attending public of his fast for the main issue, the removal of un- day schools,' narrated the following incident: Just after the World War it fell to him to nomi- . • Freely quoted from a recent editorial by Dr. James F. Edwards I!) the J]nyononaya, nate on behalf of the Government such members [ 189]

as were needed to ensure all classes of the popu- Every province in India supplies testimony to the lation being represented on the Local Municipal power of Jesus Christ -to uplift those depressed Council. As there had just returned from the war classes who constitute one fifth of the Hindu popuan outcaste who had done notable service for his lation. The Indian Bishop of Dornakal says that country, Sir George thought it fitting he should be among the Telugu-speaking outcastes of Andhra nominated and the Government confirmed the Desa there are no less than 800,000 followers of nomination. After the appointment all the other Jesus Christ, the fruit of at least six missionary members of the Council, being caste people, sent societies. The greatest triumph of the Indian in a representation, requesting that in future all outcaste is that with Christ in his heart and life the business of the Council be done by correspond- he is attracting to Christ the Sudra caste people ence, since they could not tolerate the idea of sit- so successfully that the latter are coming to Christ ting with an untouchable in the Council. Their :'in groups, families and villages," about 26,000 of request was not granted. such people having been attracted to Jesus during "the last five or ten years." First among "the rea- The Chris,tian Influence sons that have led these people Christward" Dr. Azariah places "the attractive power of the life The Christian influence in India's silent revo- of the Christians of outcaste origin." He sees lution reveals the truth that caste, untouchability "the marvelous operation of God the Holy Spirit" and communalism are all plain denials of Christ's in the change that leads those "only a few years principle of brotherhood. The late Maharajah of ago proud and haughty, insolent and insulting in Kolhapur, who by common consent was the leader their manner to Christians and Christian teachers, of India's untouchables, said that it was necessary now to sit in church and chapel and to receive the "to dethrone the Brahmins in order to enthrone holy sacrament without any thought of the caste the Indian nations." When asked why he was origin of the co-recipients or of the ministering." eliminating caste regulations from his State, he "This is the God I am going to worship and to replied that he got the idea in the Presbyterian serve henceforth," said an earnest seeker after Mission Hospital at Miraj. The present Mahara- God who had watched a congregation in prayer jah of Kolhapur has issued an order that un- and who then heard "the story of God suffering touchability is now no longer to be recognized in for men on the Cross." No wonder that the greatthe Kolhapur State. Many years ago Mr. B. G. est triumph of the Indian outcaste is the triumph Tilak, though no friend of Christians, said pub- in and through them of their redeeming Christ. licly in Bombay that Christian missionaries were the only people who had done what was right by Along with this outcaste movement to Christ, the outcastes. is the wonderful movement among the caste peo- ple that began in 1926 and shows no signs of abat- Thousands of facts show that Jesus Christ is the ing. In the past five years, no less than 7,234 liberator of India's outcastes. India's own re- caste Hindus have received Christian baptism. formers, Mr. Gandhi included, show that Jesus has been the chief inspiration of their beneficent The outcaste Christians of the village of Ancampaigns. As the vice-principal of the Rajaram naram have built with their own hands a church College said a few years ago, Jesus Christ is more to seat 250 people without a penny of cost to the and more regarded as "the greatest son of Asia." Missionary Society.

RIGHTS OF THE DEPRESSED CLASSES The untouchables in India equal in number about one half the population of the United States. They are kept in menial servitude and are deprived of many rights of human beings- material, social, political, educational and religious.

These "depressed classes" are now demanding complete adult suffrage, representation on all local legislative bodies on a population basis, special grants for education, and the right to appeal to the Government over any neglect of their interest in education, sanitation or public service. One great question still remains unsolved-the electorate in the Native States. They are still deprived of their rights in Government schools, the free use of village wells, admis- sion to temples, equality in trade and employment and in social fellowship. India has still a long road to travel before equality and justice are established and before the principles of Christ are accepted as the basis for human relationship-to say nothing of the relation of man to God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

the Teacher's House Was

By the REV. GLENN B. OGDEN, Kasganj, U. P., India Missiol1ary of the Presbyterial1 Church, U. S. A.

I N SAIDPUR village there is no high and low for their sick; to explore ways of getting out of caste problem for there are only Chamars the hands of the money lender, to do any such in- living there. They are all farmers though one dependent thing seems to them a very dangeror two of them work part time at making shoes. ous procedure. They are pigeon-hearted, fearful, They are a simple untutored folk with capacities trembling, but one can scarcely blame them. for loyalty, love and faith only partly developed. Their When Mrs. Ogden for the lives are dominated by feai., first time visited their women not so much the fear that and children, talked to them, spiritual darkness engenders gave simple medicines for the many minor illnesses which but fear of their landlord. she found, they took the medi- This landlord is the typical cines gladly, only to throw "big fat baniya" as they call them away a short time after him, who lives in the neigh- the "Memsahiba" had left the boring town of Soron. He village. Someone had frightdoes no work himself, but ened them by a ridiculous loans money to needy farm- rumor: "They have taken ers and is satisfied with your pictures and will send 37%;10 interest for a year! them to their own country. Always ready to loan five or You are now all made mem- ten or even fifty dollars to bers of the pakka (strong any ignorant farmer on these religion). Have nothing to terms; no receipts are given; do with this medicine or you all the papers rest in his will become socially unclean."

strong box. The villagers Out went all the medicines cannot read or write. They and even the salve.

give only thumb impressions Truly the Sahib had taken on stamped papers when a – — – their pictures. A little openm 0 n e y transaction takes air school had, at their own A FIRST VISIT TO A CHAMAR'S VILLAGE place. As long as they do the request, been started in very landlord's bidding and remain his willing slaves primitive conditions. A teacher who was going the Zamindar treats them with consideration; about the country as a Sadhu, doing free and inbut let them cross him in word or deed and there dependent work, was available so long as they is much to pay. One or two henchmen do some would feed him and give him a hut in which to sound beating of thinly clad backs, and he brings live. Progress was being made. Many boys were suit against them for collection of big and long- taught at noon when they came in for food and standing debts. Since all the papers have re- rest after a morning in the fields. Even some mained with him and they have trusted him to of the older youths were eager to do the same at write in the proper amounts, they may find them-· night when the day's work was done. All was selves hopelessly involved in a lawsuit that, if it moving along smoothly and everything looked goes against them, will cripple them for life. hopeful; but there was that landlord who had Any signs of interest in the good things of the been off to a mela, or fair, for ten days or more.

Christian fellowship is an unusual experience for Upon his return he was told that all his people them. To start a school with the help of a friend- in this village were in danger of becoming ly babu (teacher); to receive the missionary and bhangis (a term as hateful as nigger) Christians.

his wife in a friendly way, or receive medicines He immediately decided that the teacher must be [191 ]

driven out of that village at all costs. It was no flames shot up. Then off they went to be at home concern to him that boys from little Piyare up to and quietly asleep. Fifteen roofs burned; fifteen big Baldeo were having their first opportunity to families were left for the most part without learn to read and write. He did not like it that covering or protection against the biting chill of there was a possibility of several literates coming the winter nights. Fifteen families were cast' out of that village. Still less did he fancy the into distress of poverty with their houses ruined. possibility of their becoming Christians and cut Who will help? Will the landlord? No. The fox off from the Hindu political fold. As an ardent tried to make out that the people had fired their Nationalist of the civil disobedience type he has own roofs so as to be able to bring a case against been in jail for his Gandhi activities. Least of him and thus rebel against his authority. all did he like to think of a possible day when the people of his village would become independent But there was help forthcoming, though meaof him and his money bag and might get out from ger. There is a small Christian group in Soron under his heavy heel. and another in Kasganj. Offerings were taken to go with money that friends from America sent in little gifts. New blankets, very rough and coarse but nevertheless warm, were procured for those that could not possibly buy new ones for themselves; grain was bought for those whose pitifully small store- was burned and parched underneath falling grass roofs afire; a grind- stone or two was provided for those whose stones were cracked by the heat and so cut off their flour supply; new ridge poles were brought for those who had not had time to pull down their roofs and save the precious poles; new grass thatch was given those who could not make ar- rangements for themselves.

THE OPEN AIR SCHOOL AT SAIDPUR "Drive that man out of your village at once or MEM-SAHIB CONDUCTING AN OPEN AIR CLINIC it will be a sorry day for you," he ordered. "Beat him, kill him, if necessary, but don't you dare to A little help, but how welcome and timely; it let him stay. If he does not get out of here and made human hearts glad. Who can tell the rethat right soon his house will be burned over his suIts? A new spirit of courage and independence head. We don't want that young devil here." and integrity has already begun to appear as they This is a weak sample of the gali he gave them thought: Are we after all men and not someone's and the abuse he heaped upon the head of the abject slaves? Is it possible that the days of our teacher and those who had placed him there. affliction are nearing an end? What is there in this Christian religion that makes people help us? Midnight came and all was well. A half hour We would see more and learn more. Do not leave later great flames leapt up into the neem tree us now. We are still in danger of that landlord's that stands near the babu'8 house. machinations. Stand by us and stand with us.

"Wake up and get out of there in a hurry!" cried a friendly neighbor of Babu Lall. "Your roof is on fire. Will you stay in there and be burned up with all your bedding and books?" shouted the man.

The threat had been carried out. Late in the night two quiet-moving forms might have been seen carrying a smoldering piece of dried dung cake, placing it in quietly among the thatch straws on the rear side of the house, away from all observers. Then they quietly slipped away to a neighboring field to watch till the first vigorous

Is New in China?

By the REV. CHESTER B. RAPE, B.Sc.

For twenty-four years a Missionary in China mzder the Methodist Episcopal Church W HEN Mrs. Rape and I first went to China Shanghai has proved, they make excellent fight- in 1908 we were surprised that we were ers. not called upon to pass the usual quarantine or customs inspections, and that our pass- While no one can foretell what will be the outports were not called for. After a week in Shang- come of the present struggle between China and hai, outfitting ourselves for life in a semi-tropical Japan, I am sure that there will be at least two important results. In the first place, this strug- climate, we started on our long journey into the gle will unite the various factions in China as interior, a journey which was to take us more nothing else could do. That is already taking than fifty days. As we traveled westward up the place. In my own province of Szechuen for sevgreat Yangtze River, we stopped at many large eral years there have been more than three hun- cities and passed by hundreds of towns and vil- dred thousand soldiers. In order to support this lages. Only in one place, Ichang, one thousand vast standing army, when Mrs. Rape and I left miles inland from Shanghai, were any questions there about a year ago, land taxes had been colwhatsoever asked. Not once in a long journey lected in advance to the year 1952. These solof fifteen hundred miles did we see a soldier or diers are divided among three Chinese generals, the national flag which, at that time, was a black or military lords, as we call them. About a year dragon on a yellow background. ago one of our missionaries wrote that one of On my last journey up the Yangtze in March, these generals had become disgruntled because 1930, I took the steamer at Nanking, the capital he thought he was not getting his share of the of the new China. As I drove from the campus provincial revenues. Therefore he declared war of Nanking University down a broad boulevard, on the other two. Troops were everywhere on a memorial to Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the new national the move and it looked as if civil war could not emblem was everywhere in evidence. Smartly be averted. Suddenly a wireless message was dressed military officers dashed about in the latest received from Shanghai announcing that the models of American cars, with armed guards Japanese had invaded Manchuria. At once these clinging to the running-boards. Soldiers filled three military lords called a conference, settled the streets. As our boat, a British vessel, left their own differences and sent a joint telegram the port of Nanking she dipped her flag to three to the national government in Nanking offering modern, up-to-date Chinese warships in the har- their hearty and united support against Japan.

bor. As we journeyed westward, we saw thou- This struggle will probably confirm the Chinese sands upon thousands of soldiers everywhere; in the belief that the only way they can secure every city, town and village was decorated with justice from the rest of the world is "to arm to the new national flag. the teeth." This is fraught with the gravest of Recently, after a noted European diplomat had danger to the peace of the entire world. Latest visited China and had seen several of the prov- government statistics state that there are now inces, someone asked him what impressed him 474,000,000 people in China. That is one-fourth most. His immediate reply was, "Soldiers, sol- of the population of the entire globe. They candiers, soldiers." You cannot get out of sight of not "arm to the teeth" without having a very soldiers anywhere in China today. You hear the decided reaction upon the peace of the rest of eternal blowing of their bugles from early morn- the world. In his book, "The New Crisis in the ing until late at night. There are in China today Far East," Stanley High says: more than two and one-half million men under China had counted for her security upon the peace arms. To be sure, many of them are poorly machinery.of this post-war world. . . . If China is equipped and ill-trained, but as Chinese Gordon forced into militarism it will be either because the 80proved long ago, and as the recent fighting around called Christian nations of the West have not been [193 ]

Christian enough to secure fairness for her, or be- ping anchor in the harbor for thirty minutes, cause the Christians 'of China, weakened by the weak- and a tax of fifty cents on each parcel and case ening missionary activity, have not been able to stem of cargo carried. On nearing Chungking, my the rapidly mounting tide of nationalist extremism. destination, fifteen hundred miles inland, the first thing that greeted our eyes was an immense sign I pray God that America and Europe may show painted on the city wall, "Down with Imperial- China a better way than war. I have faith ism." Not even the fact that I had resided in enough in the reasonableness of the Chinese to that city for more than twenty years and was believe that if we will only show them that way, well known, saved my baggage from a final inthey will follow. The responsibility is ours. spection.

On arrival at Ichang in 1930, three different The Contrast-1908 and 1930 searching parties boarded our boat. My baggage A TYPICAL STRIDET Di OLD CHUNGKIKG-NARROW, How shall we account for the differences be- DARK, FILTHY tween the years 1908 and 1930? In 1908 China had been for more than two hundred and sixty was inspected not only when I left the first vessel years subject to an alien race, the Manchus. Conon which I had traveled, but again when I em- currently for decades she had been under the barked on a smaller boat which was to take us economic domination and exploitation of various through the famous gorges of the upper Yangtze, foreign powers. Consequently, there was no such the most beautiful scenery in all the world. thing as patriotism. Then, thanks to forty years Across the river from Ichang the whole side of of untiring efforts on the part of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, a mountain was covered with the words twenty- the father of the new China, the Manchu yoke five feet in height, worked in cement, announc- was thrown off in 1911. For fifteen years revoluing to all far and near, "Away with Unequal tion followed revolution until in 1926 that mili- Treaties," "Finish the Establishment of the Re- tary genius, General Chiang Kai-shek, won vicpublic," "Complete the Education of the People." tory after victory and the present Nationalist You will find slogans like these all over China Government was established. today, and they are having tremendous effect in arousing the millions of that land. There is much to be desired in China today, but conditions are not nearly so bad as the Amer- At Wanhsien, twelve hundred miles from ican newspapers would lead us to believe. The Shanghai, our vessel was subjected to a rigid wonder is that conditions have not been worse search by six different government bureaus. We during the last fifteen or twenty years. When a were forced to pay seventy-five dollars for drop- nation of more than four hundred and seventy million people are struggling to be reborn, can this be accomplished without pain and trouble? Think of the chaos that followed our own Amer- ican Revolution, or the French Revolution which was infinitely worse! China, during the last twenty years, has been in travail. After another decade or two, I am confident that China, if left alone by outside influences, will become a strong, vigorous nation that will benefit the whole world.

The present Nationalist Government really has the interests of the masses very much at heart. It has already accomplished phenomenal things and no wonder. Ex-President Chiang Kai-shek and his wife are both Christians. Recently, one of our missionaries who has been working in Nanking for more than forty years wrote that day after day she had been attending a prayer meeting in the home of President and Mrs. Chiang. And for what did they pray? That China might be able to overcome Japan in the present struggle? No; they had something more important than that. They prayed that the lead- ers of China might be given divine guidance; that the masses might be uplifted and brought to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ.

At the Eastern Asia Central Conference of the

WHA'l' IS NEW IN CHINA'?

Methodist Church in Nanl{ing in March, 1930, Three Principles of the People," namely, Na- General Chang Chih-chiang led our devotional tionalism, Democracy, and the People's Liveli- exercises one morning, and gave one of the most hood, and they must pass examinations set by inspiring addresses of that conference. On the government inspectors. This is one of the big- Sunday when Dr. John Goudy and Dr. Wang gest pieces of educational work that the world Chih-ping were consecrated as bishops, two of has ever known. With the young people thor- General Chang's children were baptized. Dur- oughly aroused and awake, it is no wonder that ing the last two years General Chang has given we have a new public consciousness, real patriot- over twenty-six thousand dollars for the distribu- ism, in China today. The Christian Church has tion of the Scriptures in the Chinese language. had a very great influence on the moral and in- Had I time I might mention several other men, tellectual life of the Chinese through its mission now prominent in the national or provincial gov- schools.

ernments, who are strong Christian men. Physical Changes in China China today is new politically. When we first In the third place, China is rapidly becoming went to China the Manchus were still in power new physically. There is a perfect mania for with the old Empress Dowager, Tzu Rsi, still on the building of motor roads, and for the rebuildthe throne. Today these Christian leaders are do- ing of entire cities. The province of Szechuen, ing the best they can to establish a real republican the largest and most westerly of all the provform of government. I am glad that Christianity is having a real part in the remaking of China.

Second.-In China today there is a new public consciousness and real patriotism. For more than twenty years I have been connected with our large school for boys in Chungking. During the first few years we never had one patriotic holi- day. There was nothing to be patriotic about.

But not so with the new China 1 In the fall and winter of 1928, we had thirty-nine such holidays in one term. They were coming three and four each week, but as soon as the new Nationalist Government became strong, the Ministry of Edu- cation took up the question of holidays and de- cided that there should be only eight holidays In A :-.1EW WiDE STREll.'T-SEUAN CHA i R A N D AuTOMOBILE a year. They established a penalty for any in- stitution that closed on any other day. Since inces of China, is five times as large as the State then we have had no further trouble with this of Ohio. It has a population of seventy million super-patriotism of our Chinese students. But I people. Eight years ago there was not a mile of do not blame those young people. China had been good roads in all that province, and wheeled ve- deprived of holidays for two hundred and sixty hicles were unknown among those seventy million years. Why not make up for a few they had lost? people. Our roads were mere stone-paved paths, Students in all schools are now required to and when you came to a hill or a mountain there gather once each week for a half hour's patriotic were stone steps up one side and down the other.

service. The program is very simple: In the You could not use even a wheelbarrow on such front of each auditorium are displayed the pic- roads.

ture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the national flag. For more than twenty years I have been living The student body arises, makes three elaborate in Chungking-a city of eight hundred thousand bows to the flag and picture, very much as we people, fifteen hundred miles up the Yangtze salute the flag in this country. This is followed River, and one thousand miles from the nearest by three minutes of silent prayer, after which accessible railroad. It is surrounded by a great they sing the national anthem, and repeat Dr. stone wall from thirty to forty feet thick and Sun's will. The meeting closes with a report by from fifty to sixty feet high. This wall is pierced a government representative on the progress of by nine massive gates that are closed at night and government policies throughout the land. Not in times of trouble. The city is built on a nar- only is a program like this followed in the row ridge between two rivers, the Yangtze and schools, but also in Chambers of Commerce, busi- Railing.

ness men's conventions, and in all public gather- Until the year 1928, the streets had been nar- ings. row, dark and filthy. There were thousands of Students from the elementary grades through stone steps up and down the hilly streets. In to the colleges are all required to study "The 1927 our military officials gave notice that they

were going to rebuild that great city. In Chinese roads in the province of Szechuen. Today there cities there are no lawns, no parkways. Houses are already completed three thousand miles of and places of business are built on the street line. well-surfaced roads, and twenty-five hundred The people were forced to tear down their houses more miles are now under construction. Several and stores, move back from five to thirty feet; American and European Gompanies have their give that land to the city; rebuild their houses foreign agents in Chungking, selling automobiles, and stores at their own expense and pay for the trucks and road building machinery. Of course, paving of the new wider streets. They never re- all the large oil companies have their agents ceived one cent of compensation or indemnity there. A tremendous new market has been from the government. A military government, opened up, for what I have said of Chungking at the point of a bayonet, can do most anything. and the province of Szechuen is typical of what is going on everywhere. During the last year I When we left Chungking in 1931, there were was in China we had to tear down the fronts of wide streets and avenues, rapidly being lined with eleven different churches in as many different four-story buildings. A new city ordinance re- cities, in order to make way for the widening of quires that every building erected must be at streets. least four stories in height. Where three years before wheeled vehicles had been unknown, there The struggle in China today is the most fasciwere five bus lines in operation, hundreds of cars nating in all human history. It is crowding into going everywhere, and the freight was beginning a single generation the political, economic, social and religious revolutions that took Europe and America several hundred years to complete. China is going to win, for there is in progress every kind of a revolution that the world has ever known-political, intellectual, economic, social and religious. The most insignificant are the petty political revolutions of which you read so much in American newspapers.

THE NEW EDLlCATION-ANATOMY CLASS IN WEST New China and the Church CHINA UNION UNIVERSITY Fourth.-There is a new attitude on the part of to be carried in trucks rather than on the backs the Chinese towards the Church. During the of human beings, as had been the custom for last few years the Christians in China have had centuries. to face difficulties greater than those ever faced by any church. During 1926 and 1927 especially, Remarkable as that development may seem, there was such intense anti-Christian feeling that something more remarkable has taken place out- in many places it was necessary to lock our side the city walls. For a radius of from two churches and hold meetings secretly in the homes and a half to three miles there had been one vast of the people. Incidents from the Olives of our cemetery, hundreds of thousands of graves, the workers during those years would read like cerburial place of the people of Chungking for cen- tain chapters from the Acts. But that antituries. In 1927 the military Government notified Christian storm seems to have passed and indicathe people that they were going to level these tions today are that China has never been so open graves and build a new city in order to relieve to the Gospel message. the congestion within the walls, an area of only a little over four square miles for eight hundred The physical changes are but an indication of thousand people. Three months were given in the changes going on in the hearts and minds of which to move graves of loved ones and at the the Chinese. City walls are coming down; streets expiration of that time the Government set thou- are being widened; and the light of the sun and sands of men to work levelling graves, laying out fresh air are dispelling darkness and disease. wide streets and dividing the area into city lots. But far more significant is the fact that the walls When we left this work was rapidly being com- of fear and ignorance and superstition and rigid pleted and there were wide streets lined with conservatism are coming down; today the Gostrees and lighted with electric lights at night. It pel of Jesus Christ, the Light of the world, is sounds like a story from "The Arabian Nights"! really having a chance at those millions. Thank God, thousands are being transformed by the Eight years ago there was not a mile of motor power of the Gospel.

Do you realize the full significance of the level- ling of all those graves around Chungking? For centuries ancestral worship had a very deep hold upon the Chinese. On Ching Ming, which comes

WHAT IS NEW IN CHINA?

about our Easter time, each family was required There is also a new attitude on the part of our to repair the graves of its ancestors. On two Chinese Christians in the support of the Church. different occasions each year it was necessary When I became principal of the Chungking High that certain religious rites be performed at the School in 1910, we had almost to pay the stugraves. The desecration of a grave was the most dents to attend school. We granted many of heinous crime. Only twelve years ago, one of our them free tuition and board, loaned them their missionaries caused a riot by cutting off the cor- books, and even bought clothes for some of them. ner of a grave mound when building a road to Today that institution is practically self-supporthis new residence. But during 1927 and 1928 ing. Neither has this advance interfered with our hundreds of thousands of graves were levelled Christian purpose, for the majority of the stuaround Chungking, and hardly a voice was raised dents are Christians, and there is a real Christian against it. How do you account for it? Simply atmosphere in the institution. Our hospitals have this, today the Chinese have broken with the past also made the same gain in self-support. and they are scrapping old superstitions; even ancestral worship is losing its hold on the people. The other day I received an air-mail letter which came from Chungking to Delaware, Ohio, VAST CE:VIETEf~Y orTSI DE WALLS OF CH 1;~GKI~G in twenty days. In 1908 it took us fifty-three days to make the· journey from Shanghai to This is very significant for the Christian Church, Chungking! Today we have a splendid airport for it means that they are more open to the Gos- at Chungking and regular passenger and mail pel message than ever before. But we must service between that city and the coast. But the realize, too, that China is open to all kinds of great surprise was not in this remarkable change propaganda and there never was such a need to in method of transportation, but in the message preach the Christ way of living and all that that that the letter brought. It came from our Chinese means. Christian leaders and was written in their lan- Fifth.-There is a new spirit in the Church in China. When we first went to the Chungking guage. It expressed deep sympathy with the Conference twenty-four years ago, every admin- Christian people of America during this time of istrative position in the Church was occupied by depression, and a prayer that conditions might foreign missionaries. Every district superintend- soon improve. Second: It recorded real appreciaent, every superintendent of a hospital, every tion for what the Church in America has done principal of a mission school, and many pastors for the Church in China. Third: They said that of Chinese churches were missionaries. Today they were determined to make the churches in there is not one administrative position in the the Chungking Conferences self-supporting by hands of our missionaries there. Splendidly the end of the year 1933. The letter closed with trained Chinese Christian leaders have gotten this challenge: "Our word in the face of the last under the burdens and are filling these positions cable from the Board saying there would be no with credit to themselves and to the Church. What a privilege it is for us, as missionaries, to ~EW ROAD THHOl'Gll aLl) CJC:IET~jHY Ol:TS']DE CHUNGKING cooperate with these leaders in the task of rebuilding the life of a people! What a vast differ- appropriation for our work in 1933, is, 'Go forence, too, this change has made in our lives and ward.' Weare planning to concentrate and move in our work! Never have we been on such inti- ahead." mate terms with the people. Never have we been admitted to so many homes. Never have we had Many casual observers, because of banditry, them seek our help and advice so much. And famine, civil war, and the threat of communism, never have we been so happy in our work. take a pessimistic view of the outlook in China, but I am more optimistic about China today than I have ever been during my twenty-four years of residence there. I have learned to allow a very

liberal discount for those things in present-day has been at the very center of the movement out conditions which alarm casual observers. I have of which the new China is slowly emerging." learned to place great confidence in the solid, abiding things in Chinese character and civiliza- Today China's needs are many, but her supreme tion which have endured through the centuries. need is Jesus Christ. Let Christians redouble their efforts in China. Let the many fine char- Today China is aroused as never before. The acteristics of the Chinese people be dominated by Christian Church there has an influence far be- the spirit of Jesus Christ, and there is no doubt yond the power of mere statistics to show. As as to the ultimate triumph of the cause of right- Stanley High says, "Christianity for a century eousness and peace.

A Message from African Jungles By JANET MILLER, M.D., Congo, Central Africa Author of "Jungles Preferred"; Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South I DO not bring a message from one of the great sidering the greatest good to the greatest number, metropolises of the world where life has be- consider that the richest boon of this wonderful come a chaos of specialized activities. My century is the progress made in the science of message comes from the heart of Central Africa medicine. The leaves of the tree of science have where primitive conditions prevail. been for the physical healing of the nations. This "But," perhaps you will say, "you are yourself is a fact of great personal import to each of us.

a specialist in medical science." During my last term of service in Africa a True, I am a medical missionary; but I am also strange and wonderful thing happened on the an agriculturalist. It is part of my task to teach earth-something which no prophet foretold, of the African Blackman to make a better garden which no seer dreamt. A Japanese scientist made and to improve his standard of living. a great discovery and a marvelous material gift I am also an engineer. We have built a sub- to suffering humanity on the African Gold Coast stantial reservoir in a near-by stream to conserve -a specific for yellow fever. We owe this boon drinking water. The Black people no longer drink to the hunting instinct and the sacrificiaJ labor the water in which they wash their clothes. of one man.

I am also a contractor and a carpenter. New We need to examine this primitive hunting inbuildings on our hospital reservation are con- stinct. It is a powerful driving force and an instructed under my supervision. dispensable part of our natural endowment. Let us lift it up and center it around the noble ambi- So I may claim to be in sympathy and under- tion for solving the problems not only of personal standing with men of many trades and profes- need but of international depression and despair sions. which are in the world today.

In an African jungle, where food is plentiful, Our civilization calls for courageous leadership many individual animals are seeking it. Here is which will set men at the central task of searcha huge jungle prowler who procures his food by ing for a cure for the distressing conditions which sheer strength. Another animal, a young antelope, prevail everywhere. We desperately need leaders lacking the strength of the leopard or the lion, escapes being devoured by his fleetness of foot; he lives by his wits, as verily as any human ad- who will search for life's holy places where guid- venturer. ance in this great task is to be had; leaders who Nature has implanted the hunting instinct in will call to a progressive crusade for righteousevery living creature. It is a valuable asset, for ness.

the hunting instinct is the foundation of all re- Beyond the scientific force discovered in the search work. To the hunting instinct in man we hidden resources of nature, we must find spiritual owe the best that has come to the human race power. Let us undertake the search for spiritual from the material world. resources which are seen on earth among men and Members of the medical profession, who deal women who live close to God. Let nations, as with the individual and measure progress by con- well as individuals, undergo a spiritual rebirth.

THE STORY OF KONDYABAI

To this we must look for the establishment of Some new and vitalizing principal must guide peace and prosperity upon earth. the nations through the perilous meshes of inter- national relationships. A world movement must There is a better way of dealing with interna- sensitize the hearts of men so that they will turn tional differences and depression than through to spiritual power to set things right over the courts of arbitration, valuable as they are; that habitable globe. better way is through a world-wide spiritual revival which will set to work in the hearts of men Let us search for young men in our universities a zeal which cannot rest until Jesus Christ is a who are magnificently endowed with this primiliving and life-giving reality to every man. The tive hunting instinct-this instinct for research. teachings of Christ are the only possible basis for They must be men of courageous and positive perthe era of reconstruction so desperately needed. sonalities, valiant moral warriors for the Cause of Christ, who will fight a great fight for the The realization of universal peace and prosper- Kingdom of God and His righteousness upon ity can only come as the fruit of patient devotion earth. to the propagation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. A new dispensation in the history of the world A new era must come through the enlightened must come through men's awakening to the real- conscience of the civilized world, and through the ization that there is no remedy for the present heroic element in man, desiring the spiritual world sickness except by a great spiritual re- awakening of all peoples of whatever color or generation. Our times require the adoption of clime. Then a rational growth will begin which the Golden Rule, with a large outlook which in- will make more beautiful all human life. Let us cludes all nations of the earth. carry the Gospel of Christ to the ends of the earth, beginning with our own nation. Let Amer- During the present century the world has come ica undertake the culture of her own soul, at the to regard commercial rivalry as a necessity; a same time that she is sending her representatives domination in trade is considered a matter of to people of less fortunate lands. Every step that paramount importance. But today no such nar- leads toward that culture leads to the establishrow materialistic outlook will suffice. A more in- ment of prosperity•. telligent and more liberal policy is imperative.

The Story of Kondyabai By Mrs. F. E. G. COWHUD, Yeotmal, Berar, India Free Metbodist Mission of Nortb America T HE first stories we heard about Kondyabai Then the young and desolate mother came to were unsavory. "The Gi~ls' School" at Umbri to help with the She remembers her mother taking her to babies. She was afraid that it would break her the temple and teaching her to worship the hide- caste if she did the menial work for the children ous idols. When she was about ten years of age and it became necessary to send her away. she began to think that idols were of no value and told her mother what she thought. This After she left us she was again thrown with shocked her mother but indicated that Kondya- her own people. The contrast between the heabai's observations were keen, even in childhood. then life of the village and life of the mission compound impressed her very much, and she Kondyabai was married when a mere child, ac- came again and again begging to be taken back. cording to the customs of her caste. She was a She would say, "If you will take me back I will mother at thirteen and soon after was deserted do anything, even if it means to break caste comby her husband. She had to go to the cotton fields pletely and never to see my own people again." to earn enough to keep soul and body together, the prey to all the vileness of a very evil com- Finally we took her back and she became a very munity. She worked for a Mohammedan who useful woman with the babies. She was motherly became the father of several of her children. and seemed worth saving. When this man died his wife sent Kondyabai and her children away, so that she was again thrown A Bible woman was sent every day to teach her on evil times. the stories of the Bible. She used to come nearly every night to the bungalow and told me many things about her village. There is nothing more

shocking in "Mother India" than the things which decided that she was praying. For the first time she described in her village and which the people she had gotten a sense of the exceeding sinfulthought only the ordinary way to live. ness of sin and her life seemed a long vista of horror. Once her prayer ran like this, "As I take During these evening visits Kondyabai and I my soiled sari (garment) to the river and wash often prayed together and she professed to be it clean, so 0 Lord wash and make me clean." converted and was baptized. At last peace came to her troubled soul and she slept like a tired babe. Her face seemed to take Some time after this a spirit of prayer came on a new glow of purity. among the little girls in the school and they prayed every evening from five o'clock until their Today Kondyabai is a blessed woman; she tesevening meal. They prayed for everybody-the tifies at every opportunity, and has been an inpreachers, Bible women, teachers, scholars, mis- spiration to many missionaries. It is a beautiful sionaries on the field, missionaries in the home- sight to see her gather the little children about land, the girls, and especially for Kondyabai. her for evening prayers. She is full of love and When the big girls caught this spirit of prayer, draws the children like a magnet. they prayed so long that we could hardly get them to bed at night. Last year she visited her village and was able to bear testimony to her own people who listened One night we heard a loud screaming and with greatest interest to her story of the saving thought it was jackals. Then we recognized a grace of Christ. At the camp meeting recently woman's voice and thought the crazy son of our held in the district three of her caste people were old sweeper woman must be beating her. Later baptized. we discovered it was our own Kondyabai, who was crying out in great distress, like the wailing Pray that hundreds of heathen women like of a lost soul. At first we thought her insane Kondyabai may be saved, and lifted to lives of but as we listened to moanings and groanings we purity.

• South America-An Analogy* TWO children, anxious to decorate for Christ- gaily to the edge of the precipice, and, with the mas Eve, climbed the mountain of Montser- money in her hands, toppled over into the chasm rat, caroling as they went, searching for of insolvency. There should have been more suitable greenery. They came to a precipice hid- margin. den by gorgeous overhanging verdure. Thinking only of the magic of the Christmas celebration, II. It is so in politics. Latin America dreams they began to accumulate mosses and trailing of an ideal government which shall be a panacea vin,es. The enthusiasm of youth dulled all sense for all ills. She is convinced that when the right of danger. One held the other's hand while she officials get into power all will be well. Unavailreached for a lovely flower, but she .suddenly ingly has she clutched at the cactus of dictatorslipped and dragged her companion into a deep ships and the lush growth of socialistic democchasm. The papers told of a tragedy while in racy, only to find herself slipping, slipping. pursuit of a purpose; deceptive environment; confident but misguided youth. III. In matters of religion, Latin America is clinging to frail but alluring environment, and Graphically, pathetically, does not this illus- missing the Tree of Life, rooted in the Rock of trate what is happening on a large scale in Latin Ages. Processions and pictures, images and in- America; fine sentiments ending in catastrophe; cense attract her, but can never give a solid foungood intentions led astray by inexperience; un- dation for morals, education and the home. They justified optimism terminating in a crash; a ma- cannot bear the weight of a continent's need. terialistic search leading to death; a land of promise full of disillusion. Had we known it in time how gladly would we have snatched these children from the edge of the 1. This delusion has been, for example, in the abyss. What we would have done for them let matter of loans. Finding the United States able us do for the people of South America. We can and willing to lend money, Latin America walked only do it by giving them reality in place of a delusion; Jesus Christ and His Gospel in place • Adapted frolll a contribution to The Bible Today, New York. of false standards and hopes.

Situation in Latin America*

By SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York I~ Author of "Trailing the Conquistodores," etc., etc. I I -~ I~==========================~ TATIN American countries are conscious that thing to carry out the spirit of this prayer?" The L they are adrift and they do not know where audience was tremendously affected. She slipped they are going. The leadership acknowl- away while the crowd was standing spellbound edged a few years ago is often displaced or re- with her eloquence. But her identity was learned, tains its position only through oppressive and and the socialist party decided to discipline her militaristic measures. The old assurances of the for speaking in an anti-democratic meeting and economic interpretation of history, the "out-of- without permission of the party.

dateness" of religion, the power of political de- The well-known Argentine writer, Dr. Ricardo mocracy, the struggle for industrialism, are wab- Rojas, author of "The Invisible Christ," says that bling, if not disappearing. Argentina has so many int~rnal problems that Take Argentina for example-until the revolu- she is overwhelmed with them.

tion of 1931 which unseated President Irigoyen Brazil has held together longer than any simi- she had not had a revolution for forty years. She larly extended tropical territory in all history.

had adopted the secret ballot, had committed- her- Many feel that the recent revolution of Sao Paulo self to the capitalistic order, with more foreign represents a deep division between the various commerce and more railroads than any other sections of Brazil and that with great difficulty Latin American country, with a continued flow will these sections be held together. The nation of European emigrants, with a standardized pro- is facing most critical conditions and must have, gram of public education, modernized indiffer- if it is not to go to pieces, not only wise political ence toward religion, with the politicians run- and economic guidance, but vital faith in funda- ning the government and the rest of the country mental, spiritual values. Dynamic religious faith indifferent so long as they were allowed to pur- is needed if Brazil is to move forward unitedly sue their own objects. into a new order. Her enormous territory, much Today all is different. The present govern- of which is uninhabited except by Indians, her ment of the conservative party is in an anomalous large percentage of illiterate people, her divisions position. The Uriburu dictatorship was so un- into northern, central and southern sections, all popular that he was compelled to call new elec- make her present problems tremendously appeal- tions. The radicals were not allowed to nominate ing to her friends. This is a time when the Chris- a candidate so that the conservative candidate, tian forces should exert themselves to help Brazil.

Senor Justo, became President without the other Chile presents likewise an intensely difficult party voting. Now he is turning iIi every direc- situation. A little oligarchy of some hundred tion to secure from the Church, various conserv- families ruled Chile during the first century of ative groups and certain foreign interests, the its independence and it was only in 1920 that the needed backing. Freedom of speech is severely lower classes and the few people who had begun limited. to form a middle class, were able to give expres- Recently a reactionary group was holding an sions to their demands for reform. They elected enormous meeting in front of the capitol to pro- a reform leader, President Arturo Alessandri.

test against "communism." A suggestion was Chile literally seethed with new social thoughts, made for a movement against the Jews and it but Alessandri's reforms were too rapid and he seemed that the mob would take it up. A mem- was sent into exile. General Ibanez as President ber of the socialist party, Madame Gucovsky, a combined with American capitalists to turn over prominent social worker, asked to speak but did the greatest riches of Chile, the nitrate beds, to not reveal her identity. She began to appeal to a semi-government corporation dominated by for- the crowd by quoting the Lord's Prayer and com- eigners. Radical and communistic forces, even menting on each one of its phrases. "You are among public school-teachers, had been growing Christians," she said, "You are proud of your rapidly. Ibanez was overthrown; chaotic condi- Church. Would it not be the most Christian tions followed' such as Chile has not witnessed • Abbreviated from the Secretary's annual report to the Commit- since the immediate days following her independtee on Cooperation in Latin America. ence from Spain. President Alessandri has again [201 ]

been called to govern. He faces the most difficult primary schools which might receive help from kind of task. It would seem that only by a rapid a religious organization.

socialization program can he stay in power and Some of the early revolutionary leaders have stave off the threatening period of bloodshed and themselves become immense landholders. The chaos. generals seem to have a new lease on life and Peru is an equally critical situation. Many power. Communism, without any fundamental thought that President Leguia, in spending vast understanding of its significance and scientific sums on modernization, was saving his country; planning for its acceptance, is threatening. The but now is a good time for the glorifiers of dic- future for Mexico is less clear, the road is more tatorships and loans to visit Peru. The splendid obscure, than it has been since Madero began his new system of pavements, waterworks and roads, uprisings against Diaz in 1910. Here again the the beautifying of the city, magnificent public Christian forces seem to be on the defensive. The and private buildings recently erected, all are in spiritual idealism resident in a fine group of process of decay. Another dictator has come. young men a decade ago has largely disappeared. The members of the radical party "Apra" are in No doubt much of the old ideology is still present prison or in exile and the government is pushing in the people but as far as the leadership is cona quarral with Colombia, hoping to find public cerned it is difficult to find.

support on this account. The reactionary ele- Disorganized Student Life ments, consisting of· the military, the Church and the landed interests, are endeavoring to hold Peru Higher education in many of these countries is in the old ways. almost as completely disorganized as is political life. In 1918 the students at the University of In Cuba the situation seems dark. Economical- Cordoba, Argentina, called a strike, a protest ly the country has given herself over completely against the old and reactionary methods in the to the capitalistic system with one crop her only university and their close dependence on political guarantee of prosperity, foreign bankers and in- life. Thus was initiated a movement known as vestments controlling her material life. Presi- the University Reform, which spread over Latin dent Machado and his enemies are engaged in a America. This reform, calling for the modernreign of terror. Political assassinations are fre- ization of the curriculum, the participation of quent; numerous scientific and literary organiza- students in the election of the faculty as well as tions are closely watched by spies. The university other fundamental changes, has thrown the stuand the secondary schools of the country are dents into leadership against reactionary governclosed. The whole of Cuban life, national and ments. These governments have in turn closed international, economic and educational, must be the universities time after time. reorganized. The Platt Amendment, granting the United States the right to intervene in Cuba when In Cuba the university has been closed almost conditions seem to demand it, makes it necessary continually from 1927 up to the present. The for the United States either to take cognizance students and progressive members of the faculty of the present reign of terror or to supplant the have banded together against President Machado; Platt Amendment with a treaty which will put many have been killed and press despatches tell the responsibility of government and develop- of new arrests both of students and professors. ment, economic as well as spiritual, on the Cuban Even the public high schools have been closed people themselves. because the government claims that they also are centers of revolt.

Mexico, in 1917, adopted a socialized constitu- In Peru, the ancient University of San Marcos, tion which has been largely copied by other coun- Lima, has hardly had a continuous session for the tries like that of Spain. But has the idealism last ten years. After the fall of President Leguia of ten years ago been able to survive? As far a new rector, Dr. Jose Encinas, was installed and as the government is concerned this is question- began to modernize the institution, but he found able, with the exception of the rural educational himself in opposition to President Sanchez Cerro program. Much has been done in giving the and today the university is completely disorgan- Mexican people a new social attitude toward life. ized.

Peonage has been eliminated. The program for In Chile during the last three years students the distribution of land, however, has practically have often abandoned the classroom to do battle ceased. It was thought that the bitter struggle in favor of what they considered a reform move- between the State and the Roman Catholic Church ment. In July, 1931, they organized a movement was settled in 1928 but it has recently been re- which resulted in the overthrow of Ibanez and opened. Radical laws have been passed limiting have had active participation in the various severely the number of clergy in various states changes of government. It was reported that the and the Federal District, as well as prohibiting university had ceased to be a center of culture

THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA

and had become a center of radical agitators. money, munitions and military mISSIOns, these The teaching force in the primary schools of latter often explaining the confidence of an ex- Chile is honeycombed with communism. The alted nationalism and its refusal to accept peace- average salary of these teachers is three hundred ful means, such as were used formerly, to settle pesos (about ten dollars) per month. A few these questions.

weeks ago the press reported a strike of teachers. The boundary question between Bolivia and In Venezuela the dictatorial regime of General Paraguay has existed for a century but became Gomez is continually in conflict with the univer- acute when petroleum concessions and coloniza- sity students and faculty. tion privileges were granted by Bolivia to foreign In Mexico the students have held the university interests. Large sums were then spent in England buildings against the attacks of the police and and the United States for bombing planes and firemen on several occasions and during the last other war material and General Hans Kundt of three years, since the university has secured its the German army was engaged to modernize the independence from the National Government, war machine in Bolivia. The country rose up there has been almost continuous strife. against the dictator Siles in 1930 and he and Gen- In Colombia, hundreds of schools have been eral Kundt had to flee. But the military elements closed because of financial difficulties; the same were well intrenched, and were soon again in the thing is true of other lands. Everywhere through- saddle. An undeclared war was launched in the out Latin America the educational situation is Chaco in the summer of 1932 and at the close of critical and in some of the countries it is more the year the German general was recalled to head chaotic than it has been for a quarter of a a drive to the Paraguay River. The resolutions century. passed by small groups of missionaries and South This is not to say that there is not much good American Christians against the war seem piti- educational work going on in these lands. The ably ineffective in face of the munitions furnished rural schools of Mexico, the new organization of by America and Europe.

education in Rio de Janeiro under a group of de- In the same way in Peru and Colombia, two voted, modern-trained educators, the new Dalton other countries where American missions main- schools in Chile and Paraguay, the remarkable tain schools, hospitals and evangelical work, cer- development of the University of Concepcion tain American business interests are backing the (Chile), the new spirit shown in the universities winner, whichever it may be, in the war openly of Buenos Aires and of Montevideo, the "Gim- being prepared. Colombia has recently fitted up nasio Moderno" of Bogota, the "Children's Re- a merchant ship as a war vessel and has dis- publics" of Colombia, and many other educational patched it with 800 men to the Amazon River.

developments recently appearing show the vital- Peru is counting on her aviation force, organized ity of education in spite of difficult economic and by an American naval mission, augmented by as political conditions. much new air equipment and other war machin- The Clash of International Wars eryas she can buy. The ownership of Leticia was settled by arbi- The last international war in South America tration in a treaty signed by both Colombia and was the one between Chile, Peru and Bolivia in Peru in 1922. But on September 1, 1932, this 1879-81. The only one before that, barring those sleepy little tropical Colombian village, located in connected with the liquidation of the revolts a triangle made by the forks of the Putumayo against Spain, was the war against Paraguay and Marafion Rivers in the jungles where they waged by Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay from unite to form the Amazon, was attacked by a small 1865 to 1870. Today, the whole continent is group of Peruvians. The Peruvian government, threatened because of the undeclared war be- instead of apologizing and withdrawing these tween Paraguay and Bolivia over the Chaco, and self-appointed conquerors, begins to raise funds the mobilization of the forces of Peru and Colom- to purchase fifteen bombing planes-just as Co- bia over the Leticia incident. This is another lombia raises an internal loan of $10,000,000 to proof of the chaotic moral life which has over- purchase other planes and ships.

taken the continent. South America lacks the The Ibero American Federation of Students, in idealistic drive it had when Argentina and Chile condemning these war-like preparations, says: settled their boundary dispute in 1904 and erected the "Christ of the Andes" to commemorate it. Most of the Latin American countries, those with Since the beginning of this century practically vast territories and sparse populations, often unculeveryone of these countries has settled by arbi- tured, and of debatable social efficiency, are far from tration disputes with its neighbors. having the necessity of defending their soil because their principle problem is to conquer the physical en- From the very nations from which mission- vironment, make it habitable, and incorporate it in aries go to these countries, there have come also the economy ·of the civilized groups. A conflict of

boundaries for the possession of a small piece of equa- Many other examples might ue given to show torial forests between peoples like ours that have grave problems to solve in the organization of their that below the surface, too often controlled by recivic life, the education of the mestizos and Indians, actionary elements, are stirring strong thoughts the development of industry, etc., is a crime without and emotions, that must sooner or later emerge.

.i ustification. Here for example is a young Chilean, a gradu- ate of the Chilean National University and of the We should not forget, however, to study the University of Paris. His is one of the best known situations that lie behind such conflicts. A British families in this country. While a student in Paris engineer of long residence in South America has he was called upon to write a thesis on some asrecently declared: pect of religious psychology. He bought a Bible to get first-hand information about religion. The The greatest hindrance in the real advance of South Bible made a profound impression upon him. He America in public morality, lies in the facility with looked up some of the leaders of the French Protwhich a very flood of money has been thrown at the estant Church and later in Rome he sought out governments of these republics from London and New the Waldensians and regularly attended their York. Steady retrogression in public morality is church. He was converteed and is now back in at times in evidence. Men of the austere type of Chile and eager to interpret Christianity to his Sarmiento, Avellaneda, or Mitre no longer hold the people. He has translated Monod's book on Protreins of power. estantism into the Spanish and is having it pub- lished at his own expense. Here is a proof of the Fortunately there are indications of a growing reality of the change experienced by this choice revolt against the old order and a determination representative of the best of Chile's life. He has to sacrifice comforts and position for a new day. felt the impulse to serve, so he has gathered Men are hunting for a new basis of life. They around him a group of young men for the purpose are asking what is life, what is the patria, who is of visiting the charity hospitals to carry comfort God, what are one's relationships to the Infinite? and cheer to the lonely sick. He calls this group: The subjects of public lectures, the articles in the Los compaile1'os de Emaus-"The Comrades of press and the books all reveal this. Emmaus."

Senor Carlos Keller, in a most interesting book, Need for Evangelism "La Eterna Crisis Chilena," says: The present economic crisis and the commu- We have given absolute preponderance to the de- nism of Russia are affecting Latin America to a velopment of the intellectual faculties, depreciating considerable extent. We have seen communist disthe sentimental one. Practical religion has been ex- turbances in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, cluded from our government education, what have we Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile; and even Uruguay substituted for it-journalism, the literature of strug- and Argentina are not free from this great dangle, high-sounding phrases without sentiment. The ger. Let us not forget these two important absence of religious feeling in our middle and superior factors: classes is symptomatic of the artificiality of our development during the last century. The Roman Catholic Church seems to have lost its leadership in the Latin American countries. Brazil has had her problems mercilessly ana- Natives with Indian blood, either pure or mixed, lyzed by the recent appearance of a two-volume constitute the majority in Latin America. The work, "0 Brazil Nadio," by the distinguished stu- Inca empire was a communist regime, and the dent, M. Bomfin, which discussed the realities of Aztec and Mayan empires were semi-communist. Brazilian sovereignty. Scarcely has any nation The Jesuit empire of Paraguay was also based on had such a challenge presented to overcome the communistic ideals. And the Indians today are weaknesses that are eating at its vitals. more restless and more receptive than ever. The work of the governments of Mexico, Central The brilliant young student, Luis Enrique America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Chile is Osorio, leader of the "Unionist Alliance" move- awakening them. ment in Colombia, has written in "Los Destinos del Tropico" a study of the future of the peoples To these two factors we ought to add the direct of tropical America, that faces squarely funda- influence of Russia, exerted by the sending of mental issues. emissaries or money to promote communism. The pure Iberian type, and even the Indian of the In Argentina Ricardo Roj as in "EI Radicalismo middle class, abhors communism; but these are de Manana," Arturo Capdevila in "America," the minority. Alfredo Colmo in a new study on revolutions about to appear, are facing their people with We may, however, feel encouraged because fundamental issues. Young Cubans, like Jorge the communism of Latin America, when native Manach in his "Indagaci6n del Choteo," are laying and not imported, is not antagonistic to religion. bare the reason why their country does not spiritually progress.

1!l33] THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA

The Aztec communist, and the Inca communist, went to South America. He was born in Eng- and the Paraguayan Jesuit communist, were re- land in 1863 in a poor but Christian family. In ligious. Haya de la Torre, the radical leader in 1872 the family emigrated to South America, liv- Peru, was early won to Russian communism but ing first in Paraguay, and next in Argentina. At afterwards repudiated communism because of its sixteen years of age, William went to Buenos lack of idealism and religion. Jose Carlos Maria- Aires where he was employed by an importing tegui, who before his death was the greatest ex- firm. There he was impressed with the moral ponent of communism in Latin America, stated and material misery of hundreds of poor fami- very plainly that religion has a place in the hu- lies, which aroused his desire to serve them. He man life as ~Teat as that of truth or beauty. organized in 1898 the system of schools with Protestant Christians should take advantage which was connected a wide philanthropic agency of the present crisis by carrying out a great to help poor children. From an attendance of continental campaign of spiritual appeal, em- 126 the schools grew to number between six and bracing: First, the Protestant constituency, seven thousand. The Argentine government con- bringing it a greater vision of the present op- tributed directly to these schools and a large portunities; second, the common people; third, circle of distinguished Argentines and foreigners the cultured classes; fourth, the Indians. Devo- not only gave money but time to the development tion, vision and leadership for this are needed. of these remarkable institutions. More than four The services of Dr. George P. Howard are now million dollars was collected during Mr. Morris'

available to all evangelical denominations in life for the schools and charitable aid to the stu- South America. Last year most of his time has dents, that have totaled more than one hundred been given to Buenos Aires and Santiago de thousand.

Chile. In the early months of the year he held Such students of the situation as Dr. John A.

successful series of lectures in Buenos Aires and Mackay believe that good literature must occupy Montevideo; in the spring he transferred his a large, if not the largest, place in reaching the residence to Santiago and began efforts to open general public with the Christian message. Latin the way for his work in Chile. He attended the America needs men like Kagawa of Japan, whose World's Sunday School Convention at Rio de forty-five books explain much of his wide influ- Janeiro and en route held one of the most fruit- ence in his own land and in all parts of the world.

ful series of religious lectures ever presented in Any large Christian movement in Latin Amer- the city of Buenos Aires. One of the large down- ica must be accompanied by the right kind of town halls, with a seating capacity of 800, was books and magazines that will appeal to the mod- rented for a week's lectures. The results were ern youth and adults. Visiting the large well far beyond anyone's expectations. Beginning stocked book shops in Latin American cities, we with an audience of 500 people, the crowd in- find that the books there displayed are, for the creased each evening until on the last evening the most part, "communistic," philosophical and radi- doors had to be closed to prevent overcrowding, cal. This indicates the difference in the thinking over a thousand people being present. These and of the young Latin American today and the youth other experiences have enthused him more than in the United States. The temper of the modern ever for the task in which he is engaged. He world indicates that more than ever books and writes: periodicals cast in the right form offer the great- I am amazed at the rapidity with which events are est opportunity for reaching wide circles of people.

taking place here in South America. We must act The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amerquickly. This is Latin America's day of white heat. ica is doing its utmost to help the Christian The firm impress of Christ must be laid now on the forces in those countries meet the present need. fluid material of these young commonwealths. The In my recent trip to South America I had opporfrightful chaos in social and political life, the misery tunities to address ministers' associations, coland suffering in economic affairs, are all creating a feeling of nostalgia for something imperishable and lege and seminary faculties, endeavoring to show a willingness to listen to any who claim to have the them the possibilities that lie before them in these way, the truth and the life. And we know that we troublous times. Stimulating Christian literature have them. is also sent to the field; summer conferences are The wide influence of the lives of Christian being held in some countries; regional gatherings workers, even though organization seems to slow were held following the World's Sunday School down, has been emphasized this year through the Convention at Rio de Janeiro; conferences, lec- death of Rev. William Morris, the founder of the tures and retreats are arranged to bring together series of schools known as the Argentine Philan- persons engaged in evangelical work; and local thropic Schools and Institutes. Many believe that evangelical workers are cooperating to extend Mr. Morris was the greatest missionary that ever the Kingdom of God in Latin America.

R. Matt: Missionary to the

By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, D.D., I New Haven, Connecticut I r=""- Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University i FORTUNATELY Dr. Mott is still with us, as that have since passed he has sought great things, hard at work and as youthful in outlook as they have not been for himself. He has truly en- ever. We are not here primarily seeking to deavored to "seek first the Kingdom of God." express our appreciation of a great life. Dr. Mott would not wish for praise and the Christian world One of the secrets of Dr. Mott's immense useis so well aware of his usefulness that any verbal fulness has been that he has interpreted that tribute comes near to be- phrase, "the Kingdom of God," in large termsing superfluous. Rather we attempt briefly to out- that he has never been line what can be accom- willing to set any boundplished by one life, dedi- aries to the Kingdom. He cated in youth to the Will has always been eager to of God, daring to attempt have his conceptions of it great things for God, and broadened, desiring only having confidence to ex- that he should not miss pect great things of God. God's leading and that the Kingdom should always be At the urgent request of God's. To this may probthe program committee, at ably be ascribed two of his a quadrennial convention qualities which have been of the Student Volunteer a constant inspiration to Movement some years ago, his friends-his own con- Dr. Mott departed from tinued growth in outlook, his usual reticence about a characteristic w h i c h his own inner history and gives him a perennially gave a great student audi- youthful quality, and his ence the story of the de- unfailing capacity to lift cision which, in his early other men's horizons. student years, altered the current of his life and put Early in his Christian him in the path which has experience Dr. Mott was led step by step through led to give the central the many open doors of place in his life and large opportunity which thought to Jesus Christ. he has since entered. He Ever since then the living Christ has been to him a rea lit y. It is in the had transferred from a .TOH N R. M aTT strength of that convic- small Christian college to tion and that fellowship a large university, hoping in that way to remove that he has dreamed and labored. Many now in himself from strong Christian influences, and middle life can remember, as though it were yes- while a student in this latter institution he heard terday, how in their student days they heard him one of the Studds, that English family which had speak of the meaning of Christ to him and this been so profoundly stirred and changed through kindled in them the longing that the same experi- D. L. Moody, speak from the words "Seekest thou ence might become theirs. The manner in which great things for thyself? Seek them not. . . . .. his life has been lived is in itself an additional Seek ye first the Kingdom of God." The texts evidence-if one were necessary-of the reality struck home. Dr. Mott was led, after much wres- and the power of that Presence in whom Dr. Mott tling of spirit, to make the decisive dedication of so firmly believes. To that quiet confidence can be his life to the service of God. While in the years attributed, at least in part, the unhurried and al- [206 ] most serene manner which is one of his most the colleges and universities of the United States marked characteristics-even when, as so often, and Canada, organizing associations on campuses, he has seemed to be carrying a suffering world on enlisting leaders, and helping producce literature.

his heart, endeavoring to bring it, redeemed and He showed here, as elsewhere, a remarkable fac- purified, through a long night of agony. ulty for recognizing potential ability in youth, en- Dr. Mott came early to feel that among the listing it in the Christian enterprise, and making meanings of the Kingdom of God is the transfor- opportunity for it to develop to the full. For years mation of defeated lives into victorious lives. To he presided at the annual student conferences at the mission of dealing with individual men in pub- Northfield. He conducted many evangelistic cam- lic address, and in private interviews, he has given paigns in the colleges.

many years. He has by no means forgotten this As chairman for more than thirty years of the mission or felt it to be an outgrown phase of his executive committee of the Student Volunteer development, even though in later years he has Movement, he headed that organization and di- found it necessary to devote much of his time to rected and presided at most of its quadrennial organization. He would be the first to say that conventions. These gatherings alone have had an the machinery in which he has necessarily become outstanding effect in quickening interest and en- so much involved is useless unless it contributes listing life in the world-wide mission of the to this remaking, in Christ's image, of broken Church.

men and women. From 1898-when he was in his early thirties- In his undergraduate days, Mr. Mott·was led to to 1915 he was in charge of the foreign work of think in terms of the entire world. He was one the Young Men's Christian Association and has of that hundred who, in 1886, at that first student been largely responsible for the world outreach of conference at Mt. Hermon, dedicated themselves that organization. During these years he made to foreign missions and with whom the Student tours around the world and to many different Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions began. countries, chiefly for the purpose of reaching stu- He has told how his own vision was strengthened dent groups and enlisting them in the Christian and broadened in the early days of the Movement enterprise. To his vision-when he was barely as a group of which he was a member was led, thirty years of age-was largely due the bringing through study, discussion and prayer, to adopt the into existence of the World's Student Christian watchword "The Evangelization of the World in Federation. For a quarter of a century, from this Generation." Noone knowing him can doubt 1895 to 1920, he was its general secretary, and that through the years, whatever others may have from then to 1928 its chairman.

done, he has been true to that watchword. His As he grew older, Dr. Mott's outstanding abili- conception of what is implied by "evangelization" ties inevitably brought him into a still wider range has been enriched, as it must be for all who are of activities. He became chairman of the Con- open to God's guidance. He recently reminded a tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh Mission- student audience at how many more angles the ary Conference and when that was succeeded by missionary enterprise is now touching the world's the International Missionary Council he was life than was the case in his own undergraduate made chairman of the latter body. In the former days. His vision, therefore, has not only remained capacity he toured the world in 1912-1913, helping world-wide, but he has been led to see more and to set up national committees which should make more how many are the phases of the world's life effective the cooperation begun at Edinburgh.

which must be entered and claimed for Christ. These later grew into the National Christian He has a profound conviction, to which he has Councils. He was the organizing genius and the often given voice, that "Christ must be Lord of presiding officer of the Jerusalem meeting of the all or he is not Lord at all." Through it all, how- International Missionary Council. More than ever, it is evangelization-making open channels any other one man, he has been responsible for for the "good news" of Christ-which has been the coordination and cooperation of Protestant his dominant concern. missionary forces the world around.

The major tasks to which, in pursuance of the In 1915 he became the general secretary of the vision of his youth, Dr. Mott has set his hands and International Committee of the Young Men's heart are part of the history of Christianity of Christian Association and held that office past the the last half-century. He early associated him- usual retiring age. In 1926 he was made chair- self with the Young Men's Christian Association, man of the World's Committee of the Young then in the rising tide of its remarkable growth Men's Christian Association. During the World in this country. As head of its student work for War he carried the heavy load of the general sec- nearly a quarter of a century, he contributed more retaryship of the War Work Council of the Young than anyone can measure to the religious life of Men's Christian Association. He it was who was largely responsible for the magnificent service Dr. Mott has taken time to be a student. He is rendered by that body and upon him fell the a prodigious reader and is the author of a dozen major share of the burden of raising the enormous or more volumes. funds required. Now in his late sixties, although some of his The trusted friend of presidents of the United greatest years of achievement may well yet lie States and of statesmen the world around, more ahead, there is need for rising young leaders who than once he has had offers which might have will take up the work that he will lay down. The lured him into the field of politics and diplomacy. call is for men to do for the coming generation However, he has kept resolutely to his purpose something of what he has done and is doing for of working through organized Christianity. Only ours. Even more than ever, the need is for men on two major occasions, the Mexican Commission who will make a dedication of themselves to God of 1916 and the Special Diplomatic Mission to and his Kingdom in their youth, and who view Russia in 1917, has he been drawn even tempo- that Kingdom as one which is world-wide. The rarily into the field of international politics. power of God is not diminished. We hope and pray that in this new generation there will be Throughout his life, crowded as it has been with those who will allow it free course. travel and heavy administrative responsibilities, AMERICAN CHURCH EXPENDITURES FOR SELVES AND OTHERS Gathered from United Stewardship Council Statistics, 1932 A blank was sent to the officials of the communions beneficent work outside of the budget. The statistics are named below and the statistics are from their replies. for the denominational fiscal years. These statistics are from living donors. Interest and legacies are not included. Budget benevolences are those in The column headed "Total Gifts for All Purposes" in the denominational national budget. Denominational be- some cases contains gifts from living donors which were nevolences include budget benevolences and such other con- given either from nonbudget denominational benevolences tributions as are made 'for denominational missionary and or for non- and interdenominational benevolences, and there is no method of dividing them.

PER Ol~PIT'A GIFTS 'l'OTAL GIFTS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ——–c–.——————- Membership COllUlluniun I Congre- Budget Denomina- Cungre- in United Benevo· tional gational All Purposes States and gational All Purposes Oanada – ) – – – – Expenses lences Benevolences Expenses (18) $12.94 $'2,911 ,823.00 ! $12,20'3,275.00 : $15,115,0'98.0'0' 943,063 (:;) 5.87 (2) 21.04 1,22S,()~2.10 , 1,,,.57 .437 .51 56000 (17) (10) 16.81 24,313,7?4.oo : 28,360,4:18.00' ' (25) 2.BO (24) 6.80 26, 79R, 75,:~.(j:l 1,445:615 (]4) (25) 5.06 32,618,125.56 :;,044,566 1.47 (6) 18.31 855,543.()O i 1 ,:~56,477 .00' (~1l :1.13 (22) 7.1:; 19,195,468.00 I 22,652,901.00 143,425 2.51 11 ,217,168.9:1 14,134,186.16 , 1,0'48,205 U41 (5) 18.66 4,245,640'.00 5,129,171.00 1,572,732 (15 ) 1.1'5 227,472 :~.12 (10) 3.69 (13) ]5.8.'1 3.774,171.27 4,658,574.94 2:;9,611 (2~) 2.48 (D) 4,:381,634.78 5,090,461.84 259,896 16.~6 (23) 1.89 (21) 670',862.00' 837,148.00 87,52:3 7.66 (0) 3.87 (17) 18.42 12,207,358.00 i 15,728,268.00 !J09,307 (13) ~.28 (8) 17.8:; 67,863,940.00 , 82,758,490.00 , 31,616,016.00 :1,915'.755 (19) 2.71 (20) 9.23 24,028,455.00' 2,603,095 (7) 4.61 (14) . 15.55 353,739.22 445,369.83 (11) 16.70- I 18,378 (8) 4.46 3,020,939.00 , 3,909,209.00 180',956 (.5) 5.35, I (3) 20.45 50,426.861.00 1,957,999 39,95O',927.m : 11,063,584.00 468,532 (2) 6'.93 (12) 16.68 i 7,816,420'.00 ' 1,860,90;] (20) 2.68 32,520',350.00' 37,500,000.00 100,198 (6) 4.97 (23) 6.06 4,569,420.00 346 945 (12) ::L~9 3.613,083.00 , 396;687 (18) 2.i2 (1) 22.55 ! 4,812,035.00 , 6,0'41,700.00 615,751 (4) 5.42 4,883,171.00 : 5,525,530.00 1,001,520 (11) 3.:32 (16) 1:3.87 14,326,371.00 178,177 10,735,812.00 i 18,036,646.0'0' 0) 0.24 (19) 11.05 14,702,001.00 i 5,159,950.00 (7) 17.H 3,-«)8,516.00 , (15) 14.6R ;, (4) 19.13 $3.79 $14.56 – – – – – – – – – – – .. ——–.—–.——-'—~——————— Compiled for the United Stewardship CounCil, HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 152 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Above is a part of the annual statement pre- obtained from denominations claiming 23,729,604 pared by the United Stewardship Council, show- members within the United States. Probably ing the gifts toward congregational expenses and there are approximately seven million more membenevolences reported by twenty-five Protestant bers in the 190 other Protestant denominations denominations (twenty-two of them in the United listed in North America. States and three in Canada). Judging from the total of membership given in the table, 24,582,311, While the figures are impressive it can be seen and deducting 852,707 as the total of the three by a comparison with the reports for previous Canadian churches, the statement shows figures years that the present financial shortage is being reflected in the treasuries of the churches.

-Facing the Future in Home Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D., New York Executive Secret4ry of the Home Missions Council I T IS much easier to look backward over the We have not yet fully realized the effect upon past, or to review the present than it is to pre- Home Missions, for example, of the passing of the dict the future. This is particularly true in frontier in the early nineties which marked the these changing and uncertain times. Noone can first great change of direction in the "march of see very far, or very clearly today in the thick democracy" in America. Neither have we in any weather through which we are sailing. Visibility adequate wa.y sensed the significance of the rise is exceedingly low. He would be rash, indeed, who and dominance of the great city in America, which would assume to speak with very much certainty is rapidly urbanizing our entire civilization, and about anything today, especially about Home Mis- producing a new type of humanity with which the sions. The old trails over which we have come Church must deal. Nor have we fully appreciated stand out in bold relief, but the highways of the the revolutionary influences of what Prof. Randall future are still largely uncharted. calls the reign of the twin gods of science and the As we lift our eyes to the future of Home Mis- machine, "which, though they have held sway over sions we are confronted with some sobering facts us barely fifty years, have destroyed more that and situations. Several disconcerting clouds hang was old and built up, more than is new, than any across the horizon of the new day-the cloud of invading army in the history of man." Nor have a national and world-wide depression that gives we recovered our equilibrium since the World no sign of lifting in the near future; the cloud of War, which so completely upset our civilization declining incomes and diminishing budgets that and disturbed our religious and ecclesiastical orthreatens to remain for a considerable time; the cloud of an amazing lack of interest on the part ganizations. of the rank and file of our church membership, We cannot wisely plan our Home Missionary which shows but few breaks of penetrating light; and the cloud of a rapidly changing America, program today unless we take into account the which is complicating the task and changing the effect of these great changes that have taken place entire character of the enterprise for all time to in America during the last forty years, and parcome. ticularly within the last twenty-five years. Since the Home Missions Council and the Council of No one can read the report of President Women for Home Missions were organized in Hoover's Commission on "Re,cent Social Trends" 1908 something unprecedented has happened to without being dazed by the kaleidoscopic changes America, and consequently something has haptaking place in America. No part of our national pened to Home Missions. Both the old America and the old Home Missions have gone.

life is being more affected by these "trends" than How Shall We Face the Future? our religious life-no institution is more affected by them than the Church-and no part of church First of all we must face the future; we cannot life is more influenced by them than Home Mis- escape it. We cannot live in the past. We cansions. The President's Commission says, "Of the not rest in the present. The future claims us. great social organizations, two, the economic and We must face it with a calm and resolute deterthe governmental, are growing at a rapid rate, mination to carryon. while two other historic organizations, the Church and the family, have declined in social signifi- The greatest peril to Home Missions today is cance, although not in human, values." It is un- the temptation to surrender to the "depression" doubtedly true that the Church has been the slow- -to withdraw within our tents and wait for the est of all our institutions to sense the changes of clouds to roll by. Our dangers are lack of courrecent years, and the tardiest to adjust itself to age, loss of morale, failure of faith and counseling the new situations. with fears. While the times are hard and distress very real, there is a good deal of scare about the whole situation. We need to read history and * An address at the Fe!Iowship Dinner on the occasion of the recall "the years of the right hand of the Most Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. High."

[209 ]

This i:,; no time for letting up in our work. praisal conferences having for their purpose the This is the time for a real advance. When Gen- re-evaluation of Home Missions. Since the Wash- eral Joffre found the situation going against him ington Congress about fifty follow-up conferences at the Marne he said, "My left is shattered, my have been held in different parts of the country right is wavering-let the center advance." The to discuss the new day for Home Missions.

only way out of the present disturbing situation is Last year our study book, "The Challenge of ahead. We cannot afford to wait for the depres- Change," carried to thousands of mission groups sion to lift; it may remain for some time. We in the churches over the land the message of the cannot afford to wait for the income of boards to Washington Home Missions Congress.

increase, we may need to get accustomed to Through surveys and special studies made we smaller budgets. We cannot afford to wait for a have gathered more than one five-foot shelf of more convenient season, or a more advantageous valuable data on Home Missions, which has en- position, the center must advance without delay. abled us to determine our objectives and get our Theodore Roosevelt is quoted as saying, "Nine- new directions in Home Missions.

tenths of wisdom is being wise in time; and if a Lay Out Our Program of Advance country lets the time for wise action pass it may bitterly repent when, a generation later, it strives This program will be reported to the two Coununder disheartening difficulties to do what could cils in January, 1934, by the Five Year Program have been done easily if attempted at the right Committee. The advance recommended will be moment." neither to the right nor left, but straight ahead.

This is the time for a forward movement in It is not a new direction we need now in Home Missions, both home and foreign. We must ad- Missions, it is a new emphasis. We have already vance now, and from where we are. We are prone turned the corner. We need now to speed up the to be like the Kentucky mountaineer of whom processes already started. Weare headed right; President Hutchins of Berea College tells, who was let us quicken our pace.

asked by a traveler the way to Cincinnati. After Mission Boards have been in process of read- making several attempts to direct him how to get justment for some time. Our cooperative proc- out of the hills to the main highway the moun- esses began twenty-five years ago, when these two taineer said, "Well, str:anger to be squar' with Councils were organized. The leaders of that day you, if ye want to git to Cincinnati, ye'd better not "discerned the signs of the times" and began to start from here." work together.

Preliminary Steps for an Advance We are not now contemplating anything spec- tacular or extravagant. Any advance movement In any advance movement there are certain should be simple, practical, inexpensive and un- things to be done. ostentatious.

First, we must determine our objectives and get In conclusion, we ought to go into this uncer- our directions. This has largely been accom- tain, but intriguing future with new slogans, with plished. We have been "re-thinking" Home Mis- new appeals, and with a new unity. Let us say sions for five years. Three years before the Lay- less about budgets and quotas and reports, and men's Commission began its study of Foreign more about needs and service and Kingdom inter- Missions, the Five Year Program of Survey and ests. Let us say less about hardships and more Adjustment of the Home Missions Councils had about the claims of Christ and the opportunities.

been under way. Let us say less about denominations and more Surveys have been made of twenty-five states about our common responsibility for the saving in whole or in part. A number of special project of America. The great days of Home Missions surveys and intensive studies have been made. are not all in the past.

Four large national conferences have been held- There are great days for Home Missions pos- the Cleveland Comity Conference, 1928-the De- sible in the next twenty-five years. But we must troit City Conference, 1929 – the Washington make them. My one appeal is that in spite of Home Missions Congress, 1930-and the recent declining incomes and reduced budgets, in spite Chicago Conference on the City and the Church in of the clouds that hover over us, in the name of the Present Crisis, 1932. All of these were ap- Christ and America let us go forward.

To have courage without pugnacity; to have conviction without bigotry; to have charity without condescension; to have faith without credulity; to have love of humanity without mere sentimentality; to have meekness with power and emotion with sanity-that is Christianity.-Charles Evans Hughes.

Out a Demon in

The Story of Some Results of Student Evangelism* I Told by DR. GEORGE S. McCUNE _·otEf President of Union Christian College Pyengyang, Korea H ~, CAME in howling like a wild maniac. have thought that old sinner would repent and They say I'm crazy!" he cried. "Be still! live again with his wife?" Let me alone! I will tell you . . ." and a They never saw it on this fashion before, and volley of incoherent verbiage burst into the quiet the fame went abroad. Every night nine hun- dred gathered to hear the Word, and over three morning precincts of prayer. hundred became Christians.

A hundred faces in the dim light of dawn sud- If the Gospel word is sharp enough to cut asunder the base instincts of the soul from the denly turned toward the great door of the court- Godward yearnings of the spirit, as it had for Mr. Kim, can it not pierce to the hidden depths yard. of the human mind and relieve a demon pos- sessed man? Something like this must have been "The demon possessed man," they whispered the reasoning of these simple-hearted villagers. For the afflicted man's family hope burst as a and instinctively shrank away. ' springtime blade from the ashen years of help- less resignation. . Th~ unfortunate victim's family were leading And so on the calm of the morning air break hIm m for prayer, and the worshippers would the cries of this wild maniac: have fled had not this wretched figure become a' "Don't strike me! Keep away!" His relatives held him firmly and led him to the fampiar one to them through the years. student in charge. It was a prayer meeting, and here was a subject for prayer forcibly and bodily SIxteen years before this the village of Pyuk- presented, albeit an unusual one. Alone the stu- dent would never have included such a point in dong had heard a group of college boys from his outline notes. He inwardly trembled. But the Holy Spirit sometimes takes charge of church Pyenl?yang preach the Gospel, and then had sunk meetings, and God often thrusts strange words into yielded mouths. back mto the age-old darkness apparently to drag The boy preacher prayed simply, definitely, earnestly to the Lord Christ who is the same yeson the weary days as before. But now another terday, today, and forever-to the sympathizing Jesus, on whose lips it seems natural to hear the Gospel Team from Pyengyang Union Christian word of authority, "Be thou made whole." Again to the evening service came the pos- College had come; and the power of the Holy sessed man, and together the boys continued in prayer all through the night. Spirit was coming upon them. When it came time to close the meetings and go on to the next village, the afflicted man with For months, almost from the beginning of the his relatives followed after them. The disciples of old, in their annoyance, petulantly murmured, fall term, .thir~y or forty of the college boys had "Send her away"; but these students saw in the case the leadi~g of God. They asked the Chrisbe:n meetmg m fo~r groups, praying for special tians in the village to unite with them in interces- sion .and spent in turn a good part of the night gUIdance and blessmg. At the close of the spring praymg.

term eighteen of them were led to form three evangelistic teams, six students in each group.

~fter praying they decided they must go out dur- mg the summer vacation and preach nothing other than Jesus Christ and Him crucified.

One of these teams came to the village of Pyuk- dong, where they could not find a single Chris- tian, although some confessed to having heard the Jesus doctrine preached some sixteen years be- fore. A man of the village offered them a board- ing place and cleared an open space for their meetings. They preached in the power of the Holy Spirit and a well-to-do man, consorting with two concubines, was convicted of sin, gave the two "small wives" a .good.living, sent them away, and made a home wIth hIS own wife.

sai"dT. his"TJheseures'sdoMctrr.inKe iisma-wsthrayn,gewhtoheinv~gr" people would P('~~~2)Ol'tP(1 for The /Io,'ca, Mission Fidd, by ViC'tOJ' 'Vellington [ 211 ]

While they were praying an old woman was evening meetings at the Union Christian College convicted of sin. She had all her lifetime been Auditorium. The main floor is filled every morn- in bondage to the fear of evil spirits, but now she ing at five-thirty for prayer. Thirty millions souls met a Loving One who could break every fetter in Manchuria need to be saved for Christ and our and set the sinner free; she heard His word, boys are preparing for that conquest. Some Ko- "This is life eternal, that they should know thee, rean students already speak Chinese fluently and the only true God." She went home and gathered they will make excellent missionaries in the next all the family together, seventeen of them. Evi- few years. Some of the students of our College dently, as in the days of the apostles, she "and and Academy, 'of the Theological Seminary, the all her household" believed unto salvation, for Soong In and the Girls' Academy, gave their pen- they collected all their articles of sacrifice and the nies, dimes and dollars. Some are living on two objects connected with spirit worship and brought meals a day; others are wearing patched clothes; them out to burn. some saved money by not going home for vaca- Thus God manifested His favor in one village tion, and others earned money by hard labor, to by redeeming an old polygamist and in the next send a Korean missionary to Manchuria.

by revealing to a whole family that He alone is God. The man bound by Satan was not yet re- A LUCKNOW GOSPEL TEAM stored, though he seemed to be getting better.

Apparently God was drawing faith out to a great- This team grew out of the Student Christian er victory. Association Camp. Each year an initiation cere- mony takes place in which the pledge of member- The next place the evangelistic team entered ship is taken by new and renewed by old memwas a large market town. It was a strategic point bers. It is expected that they abide by certain for a Gospel victory, and the students were im- principles and put into practice the team's motto, pressed with the greatness of the opportunity. which is: To this place also followed the afflicted man. God seemed to be waiting for the best time to answer. Service on the basis of friendship with God, friend- God's silences are as purposeful as His clearest ship with Team members, and friendship with other words. people. The ideals are to keep clean and pure in word, action, thought, body and heart. Through the long night hours they pleaded that the power of Almighty God might be manifested The pledge of the membership runs as follows: and that He might receive all the glory. God answered, "I have both glorified my name and Trusting in God to help me, I promise to abide by will glorify it again"; for had He not saved a the principles ·of the Gospel Team, and sincerely enhopeless polygamist in the first village and in the deavor to put into practice its ideals throughout my second delivered a family from a host of demonic life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view spirits and gathered many people to His name? solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean in thought, word and deed; About three in the morning they felt led to call to maintain brotherly love; to treat all women and to the demon possessed man: "In the name of girls with respect and honor; and to willingly accept Jesus of Nazareth we command you to leave this punishment for any breach 'of the Gospel Team rules.

man." This year the team has decided upon the follow- That Name has lost none of its ancient power ing forms of service: on prayerful lips; instantly the demon left and 1. Meditation and sharing of experience. the man was fully restored. The power of Jesus 2. Village uplift or rural reconstruction. Telling the was talked about through all that district and people the primary principles in sanitation, and first where only thirty or forty Christians had met be- aid in common accidents. Educating men and chilfore, now twelve hundred crowded in every night dren. to hear the new and living Way expounded. A 3. Social Service. Visiting the sick in hospitals, church of eight hundred is now worshipping in and wherever required. Helping in burials.

this market center every Sunday. 4. Neighborhood Service. Night school. House vis- Student Work for Manchuria itation. Holding Sunday schools and services for servants.

The Christian young men of Korea are inter- 5. Religious Service. Preaching the Gospel in moested in extending Christ's Kingdom and fifteen hallas, villages and slums among Christians and nonhundred men have come in from all parts of Christians. Bazaar and mela preaching. Giving full Pyengyang province to study the Bible. About assistance and cooperation with prayer and active two-thirds of those enrolled are under thirty service, and making definite contribution in all reliyears of age. It is proving to be a council of war gious and social camps, conferences, institutes, conto wrest from Satan's grip a million souls for ventions and evangelistic and revival meetings. Help- ing the various churches in the city and outside the God's Kingdom. Four to six thousand attend the city, whereVer help is necessary.-Indian. Witness.

A Continental View of the Laymen's

Report By the REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany I N MY view, the second and third part of "Re- Church and mIssIOnaries are attempting to ac- Thinking Missions," with the review of the complish. We, in Europe, hoped that after Lau- situation and the problems of selected mis- sanne and Jerusalem and Herrnhut there was a sionary agencies, are by far most valuable but no common conviction on the content of the Chris- attempt is made to give a comprehensive view of tian message but the Report calls every such state- the missionary situation in any of the countries ment in doubt. If, in spite of the deficiencies of visited. It seems to me im- the dogmatical statement, at- possible to evaluate the rela- tention is concentrated on the tive importance of these agen- This paper by Dr. Julius Christian "way of life" that, cies in the different countries Richter, the well-known au- by the overwhelming majority without such a background. thority on continental missions of friends of missions will be The presentation lacks per- and the author of "Missions in regarded as misleading and spective. Any true appraisal India," "Protestant Missions in unsatisfactory. After reading of the mISSIOns and the the Near East," and other stand- the first and the fourth parts churches in India or China or anredntvaloluEmueros,peshanoswslohookw actontthie- of the Report and vividly pro- Laymen's Appraisal Report, and Japan should keep in mind how it presents itself to a man testing against many of their what has been attempted there who has devoted twenty-seven content, many will not have in former times, what meth- years to writing the history of the patience to peruse careods they have used, and what fully the second and third sec- have been the results. If such the Protestant missions in all tions which contain the most a general critical survey is at- foreign countries. He expresses valuable recommendations. tempted by a group which is great respect for the writers of Again, there is a veil of in- able to carry it through with "Re-Thinking Missions," and definiteness spread over the the broadest outline, the his- gratitude that these fifteen men Report. One almost never and women devoted a year to a tory of the past work should close study of the missionary knows it relates only to the not be left out. From this re- situation in Asia. At the same seven denominations or if the port it is impossible to obtain time he takes a very decided ex- mission boards have any di- a satisfactory view of the mis- ception to their basic ideas and rect relation to the sweeping sionary situation in any of many of their findings. proposals. In many cases it these countries as a whole. is apparent that the Apprais- Any critical remarks can be ers have in view the whole correctly weighed only from this background. Protestant missionary movement, and yet evi- It seems also a pity that the Commissioners dently their information is insufficient. No athave put the whole emphasis of their authority on tempt is made to differentiate American, British the first and the fourth part of the volume con- and Continental missions. As a whole, the Re- taining their philosophy of the missionary move- port seems to have in view the average type of ment from the standpoint of enlightened human- American missions, but what type that is in their ism. We appreciate with what candor and eyes one can only surmise. impressiveness Professor Hocking is arguing Many of the practical proposals of the Report against a shallow secul::trism; these chapters should be read not as an attack against a positive are in line with the plans of the International Mis- sion Council and of the commissions sent out in Biblical and historical conception of the Christian connection with the Council, as, for example, the faith, but as an attempt to render the foreign Burton CommIssion to China, the Lindsay Com- missionary movement acceptable to many Ameri- mission or Christian Higher Education in India, cans, who have lost any conception of what the the Commission on Christian Education in Japan.

[213 ]

In almost every case they go beyond what these Would a central recruiting office, perhaps in concommissions and the International Missionary nection with the American office of the Interna- Council think attainable under present circum- tional Missionary Council be commendable? stances. This surplus calls for comment. A council on rural community work, drawing Cooperation of the Protestant missionary forces upon the united strength both of the mission and is the watchword of all missionary conferences of the Church in each country, might become an since Edinburgh. But it is extremely doubtful if intelligent and far-seeing agency for planning acan all powerful ministry with autocratic authority tivities, for selecting and training the personnel to direct foreign missions, is possible either for and for making the necessary financial arrangethe whole Protestantism or separately for North ments, yet what unheard of unification and con- America, Great Britain, and Continental Europe. centration of foreign missions would be required It is hardly worth while to elaborate the merits of to make it really effective. so chimerical a proposal. It is also questionable whether more would be gained or lost by relegat- It is easy for an American to thunder against ing the functions of the denominational foreign the shortcomings of the denominationalism, but mission boards to higher authorities for the col- interdenominational unification in common work lection of money only. The Roman Catholic on a large scale is already in view. If the regions Church is attempting the experiment. Would it of denominational narrowness are toned down too be wise to follow its leadership in this field which far will there not be danger of indifference and of must be handled so discreetly? looseness in church adherence?

Much might be gained if it were possible so to Almost every proposal looks inviting at first, amalgamate and to concentrate educational ef- but in view of the rash enthusiasm of the Comforts, either for the colleges and universities or missioners, the wisdom of the International Misextending the cooperation downward to the high sionary Council is evident in making haste slowly. schools, the secondary schools or even the primary schools. The example of the Roman Catholic The Report puts its finger on many sore points strategy is alluring, but how far is it practicable? in the Protestant missionary movement, and it Will the academic institutions of British India, never shrinks from giving clear cut advice. In originating from Great Britain and from North this respect it may serve as a healthy stimulant. America, ever be amalgamated that way? Will We can wish that the eyes of the general missionthat ever be possible in China? Would it be pos- ary public should be turned from the much desible to pool the financial resources coming from a bated parts I and IV and concentrated on the numscore of denominations with different ideals, such berless practical questions of part II and III so as the Baptists and the high church Anglicans? that the situations described there might be care- fully studied, and the recommendations given more adequate consideration.

T. he Indian Mission of Fellowship The Rt. Rev. J. S. C. Bannerji, Assistant Bishop of La- fectively conveyed except in the spirit of true hore, who was the leader of the Mission of Fellowship friendship and real fellowship. This has given us from the Churches in India to the Churches in Great Brit- a new insight into the problems of missionary ain, thus describes the three months' tour of the principal work in India. centers in Great Britain and Ireland made by the four Indian Christians. The Mission of Fellowship has enabled us to see certain things with reference to the land to which THIS three months has been a new revelation we brought our message. Great Britain when seen to us and we thank God for the riches in in her true perspective, is truly great. She has Christ Jesus that are ours by virtue of the taught us many a truth which we shall carry with age long search of our forefathers for things spir- us back to our own land. itual and unseen in that land of India. We go back with renewed zeal to claim for ourselves and our We have also seen something of the heart of Church the fullness that is ours in Christ Jesus. Christian England. We have seen how much warm sympathy and goodwill and a sincere desire to do the very best for India there is deep down in We have come to consider afresh the question the heart of the Christian people of England. We why in spite of the openness of the heart of India know we can trust them. Enthusiasm for things to receive spiritual truths, there has been in re- spiritual and abiding is very great. When we saw cent years a spirit of resistance against Christ and thousands of men and women gathered to hear the His Gospel. We have seen, as never before, that simple word of God, we realized that deep down in no spiritual message to a foreign land can be ef- their hearts there is a hunger for God.

~~'~==..,….".,.–"""""===-~~~"""""""'~====~=——-""=~==I~

Effective Ways of Working I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I=====================II~'

SPRINGTIME SUGGES- we bow in Japan," "In India we "Resurrection from the dead." TIONS will all salaam," "In China we A description of Easter customs shake our very own hands," etc. in other countries follows, the An Easter Program for children repeating after the Children The decorations suggested for leader well-known greetings- the Easter program are flowers the girls saying, "He is risen," "If children pray together -brought by the children them- and the boys replying, "He is and play together the world is selves if possible-canaries in r i sen indeed." In America saved." cages, artificial butterflies, green Easter cards take the place of and white hangings and Easter Easter calls, visiting and feast- This is the basic thesis of eggs 'providing that their sig- ing, and the church service is "Festive Programs," a series nificance is fully explained. The the great event. Special musical published by the Women's Mis- invitations consist of a card numbers complete this simple sionary Society of the United with a simple white flower but impressive service.* Lutheran Church in America, painted in the corner by the from which we take the follow- children, or represent a bell or April Showers ing suggestions. cluster of bells cut from white cardboard, with dignified in- In an article in The Mission- Based on the holidays or festi- scriptions. Instead of a real ary Link, describing a send-off vals of various countries, the ob- game is suggested a study of the service for a group of new misject is to show that the boys and sionaries, the presiding officer girls in all countries have happy countries in which Easter is remarked that without doubt times just as they do in Amer- celebrated because Christ is the new missionaries had each ica, and that they love their known. Maps are used if de- had many "showers," but she country and its festivities just sired. The children are asked proposed to the assembly that as American children 10 v e to name countries which keep one more be given them-a theirs. In this setting, "Reli- Easter and those which do not, "Shower of Promises" to cheer gious festivals are introduced to lining up as for a spelling match, them on their way. These prombring abo.ut the realization of the leader calling for the Chris- ises came rapidly and spontanethe need of a Saviour in all na- tian countries from one side and ously from the audience as each tions…. Emphasis is put upon one gave some Scriptural promthe similarities instead of the the non-Christian from the ise which had been his or her differences in the nations of the other, the sides vying as to which own stay in life: "Commit thy world. Where a difference is can hold its place longer. Lead- way unto the Lord"; "He shall noted it is explained that it is er explains that while Japan, give his angels charge over the lack of the knowledge of China, etc., do not keep Easter thee" ; "Be careful for noth- Jesus Christ that makes people as a nation, many of their peo- ing"; "My grace is sufficient for different. Racial and color char- ple who have attended our mis- thee"; "In quietness and in conacteristics are ignored. The sion schools and churches do. fidence shall be your strength," programs are simply a 'coming etc. The leader's own contributogether' of the boys and girls The program proper begins tion was most inspiring: "Courof our country and others." with the reading of the Easter age! it is I" (Revised Version). Memory work, handwork, deco- story, Luke 24: 1-10, by a child rations, invitations, music and or its repetition by a group of In a young woman's organizagames are outlined; the last- children, one or more appropri- tion, a shower of paper butternamed-excellent adaptations of ate hymns or carols, and sen- flies fluttered down from an umour familiar games to mission- tence prayers. The leader then brella opened above the group; ary words and actions-are op- explains the changes in spring- each butterfly was inscribed tional in the programs. For time and its consequent appro- with a number corresponding to instance, an adaptation of "Here priateness for the Easter season. that on a piece of missionary lit- We Go 'Round the Mulberry Seed or cocoon development may erature to be claimed by the Bush" begins, "Here we go furnish the visualization. The 'round the world together," and very word Easter comes from· * Booklet obtainable at the Literature in its several choruses the re- an old word meaning April; but frain repeats, "This is the way the meaning of the word which Headquarters, 723 Muhlenberg Building, we know best and celebrate is, 1228 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. Price, 15 cents. [ 215]

recipient. A similar plan uses yond argument. Mrs. Claire part of September (sometimes small paper tags hanging by Goodsill Chandler writes us re- as picnic meetings with quilt threads from the edge of a sus- garding this feature in the piecing as an avocation), the pended umbrella. In May the Galesburg Baptist church. She groups read, discussed and disame purpose is served by a tells how the girls in her Sun- gested the subject matter. In- basket of crepe paper flowers, day-school class, after studying cidentally they rolled up a large each of which is attached to a "On Racial Understanding" number of points in the Baptist missionary leaflet. Half opened (Youth and Christian Life Se- Reading Contest. The demand rosebuds may be used in June. ries), decided to adopt Christian is for more porch parties next All such plans add zest which Americanization as their acti- season. Mrs. Chandler adds: tends to create an appetite for vating project. After inviting "It was a delightfully easy the inspirational reading matter. a successful leader in such work method for encouraging mis- to hold a conference with them, sionary reading; and 0 n c e AFTER THE SCHOOL OF they started out on a schedule started with a dependable lead- of weekly calls in the homes of er it took care of itself." MISSIONS-WHAT? local foreigners-mostly Mexi- N. B.-A cool drink served by Recent suggestions of this De- can, Hungarian, Greeks and the hostess was the limit of the partment have majored on spe- Italians. They give lessons in inevitable "refreshments," thus cial plans for mission study, as English and in many other ways minimizing preparatory work featured in the annual School of show themselves good friends and maximizing attention to the World Friendship. Shall it now and neighbors to the "New subjects in hand. be left with a sense of: There, Americans." The class prothat's over for another year!- an unrelated sidetrip in the grams for the year carry out IMPERSONATING MAGAyear's trek? Or shall it be so the same motive. Each month ZINES integrated with the year's en- is spent considering a different deavor as to be a fundamental country, with the committee in Eternal vigilance is the price and continuous factor? The charge planning decorations, of much besides "liberty." Plans prime essential for the latter programs, refreshments, enter- for stimulating the subscription plan is: tainment, etc., after the manner endeavor must be varied and of the country studied. Showers oft repeated. We are indebted A Missionary-Minded Pastor for Baptist stations, in the coun- to Viola Merritt Lyle, of Turtle tries considered during the Creek, Pennsylvania, for the fol- The Rev. W. N. Sager, of School of Missions, are held lowing excellent contribution: Bucyrus, Ohio, writing in the under the direction of a spe- Evangelical-Messenger, says: cially appointed "Shower Lady," At one of our meetings the litera- ture secretary used impersonations to make her subject matter more inter- The pastor is, or should be, the whose task is to plan appropri- esting. Securing magazine covers leader, director and example in mis- ately for the reception of small from local subscribers to the three sionary study, appeal and response in articles of ascertained need in publications to be considered, she so far as his congregation is unre- Indian stations in Arizona and basted these· decoratively on the white lated to the needs of the unevangel- Montana. These may be placed dresses of a corresponding number of ized. The business of missions is the on a dateless Christmas tree, or enthusiastic women who could be debusiness of the Church, the business in an Indian drum. Amounts of pended upon to give their subject of the Gospel. … This is the supreme money needed for specific ob- matter convincingly. The monologues purpose of the Church. For the nec- jects in stations in China are to ran something as follows: essary recruits we must look to the be dropped into a Chinese lanleaders of these flocks. The shep- tern to "send out the light." 1. I am the Year Book of Prayer. herds are responsible for their train- Come with me and I will show you ing. . . . The task is so important, so Another plan that has proved the fields where our missionaries far-reaching that the utmost loyalty of great value in this church is work. We will visit lonely places in to the Master's Plan and the most en- that of Porch Reading Groups. our land where probably you have during faithfulness must obtain, if Both the Home and the Foreign never gone, and then cross the ocean the work is to be well done. Not only study books seemed so readable to other countries. I will show you would indifference or neglect on the last summer that the local Mis- schools where· the thought of God has part of the pastor limit his useful- sionary Education Committee been so changed that instead of bowness and bring a smaller harvest, but suggested the formation of ing in terror before an idol, the chilthis would depreciate the activity of neighborhood reading groups dren love and worship the Father in the members of his church, and as a for the summer afternoons. heaven. We will see the Spirit of consequence, his church would not ac- Leaders were secured in differ- Christ at work in the colleges, on the complish its share of the work of the ent parts of town, and near-by campus and in the classrooms. Let Great Commission. . ',' Our church, women, girls and available men me take you to hospitals where suflocal and general, is dependent for were invited to become parts of fering people find healing for souls as her success on the mental training, their groups. The Woman's So- well as bodies. . . . Best of all, I will spiritual devotion and loyal obedience ciety bought the books-five of lead you to the Throne of God in earof her pastors to the program and nest prayer for the coming of His leadership of those in authority. the most colorful-each leader Kingdom. 0 come with me this year. making her own selection. Meet- Importance of Follow-Up ing weekly during August and I am the Year Book of Prayer. Projects (She remains standing as the next The paramount value of acti- impersonator enters eagerly and joins vating the study material is be- her.) 2. I am Women and Missions. My sister has offered to show you other people and lands. Now let me take you into the homes of the missionary

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and their friends where you May wisdom, knowledge of the work, a five-pointed star with the re- may hear them telling why a mission- enthusiasm and the ability to inter- quest that she secure one recruit ary wants to go to China-or Arizona, est others be yours in good measure. for each point during the year, and what he does through the happy, The duties of your office require writing the names on the succes- crowded days. . . . In my pages you (enumerates duties). For you we sive points and publicly posting will hear girls and boys who have light this White Candle (suits action the stars at the final meeting. learned the joy of Christian living tell to word), as symbol of your office. how they have gone home to show White is made up of all the colors; -MRS. JOHN A. PRICE, Re/ormed their own people the way of life. And so the president must have the sup- Church, Toledo, Ohio. my pictures! What a host of scenes port of all her officers to make her they will show you! Come with me work complete." RECIPES FOR CHINESE through the year: meet my people: EDIBLES hear their stories: laugh with them: (President is then led back to her cry with them: love them. Come, chair and vice-president taken for- Candied Apples journey with me around the world. I ward to be similarly inducted.) am Wotnen and Missions. Small apples (like crab ap- "For you we light the Yellow ples) are cored and dipped in a No.3. I am THE MISSIONARY RE- Candle, as symbol, etc. YeJlow de- sugar sauce (syrup made of VIEW OF THE WORLD. My sister pub- notes life, strength, sunshine-all nec- brown sugar and water cooked lications have offered you many essary in assisting the president to do until brittle when tried in cold attractions, but you need me to com- her work." water). The Chinese have from plete your missionary library. My 5 to 10 apples on each stick. sisters are largely concerned with the A similar ritual is used for the rework of one denomination. But sure- cording secretary for whom a Blue The Chrysanthemum Bowl ly your sympathies are not confined to Candle is lighted as signifying truth, the fields of the Presbyterians alone. steadfastness, faithfulness. For the The Chrysanthemum Bowl is I bring you news of other groups. corresponding secretary, a Rose Can- a Chinese chafing dish in which The Church of England speaks dle, rose denoting the rosy hue which the flame from the alcohol rises through its missionary bishop; the must run through the correspondence, about the bowl of steaming food American Bible Society tours Brazil especially to the sick, shut-ins, be- likE;: the petals of a chrysanthewith you. Laymen and theologians reaved. For the treasurer, a Gold mum. Served with rice and folspeak to you about the things of the Candle is symbolical of money. For lowed by an orange or pumello world-wide Kingdom. The voice of the secretary of supplies, program, (the nearest to that in America "Effective Ways of Working" tells of Christian citizenship, membership, is the grapefruit) it makes a new ways to do the ever-recurring stewardship, literature, etc. (accord- very palatable meal. tasks that grow so stale if done in ing to local roster), as a group, a the same old way every year. Through Green Candle symbolizes growth- Tea Eggs me you may learn what is done in the new members, program, ideas, litera- Council of Women for Home Mis- ture, etc. 1 doz. eggs; 1/2 cup dark tea sions, and the· Federation of Women's Boards. My "World-wide Outlook" All newly installed officers are then leaves; 1 tbsp. salt; 1 stick cinwill keep you posted on current namon. events, and my "Missionary Book- asked to rise and face audience to be shelf" furnishes infinite variety. Boil eggs hard, then crack the Take me to your heart and home. I introduced individually. The install- shells thoroughly and put into a am THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ing officer asks for support of entire pot with hot water to cover. WORLD. society and administers the following Sprinkle over the top with tea pledge: leaves, add salt and cinnamon, (SeclIre subscriptions at close.) and let simmer slowly long "Do vou, as members of this so- enough to become thoroughly INSTALLATION OF ciety, p'ledge your loyal support and brown inside. OFFICERS whole-hearted cooperation with these officers?" Fish Chinese Style By MRS. C. B. STAUFFER, Lakewood, Ohio Answer, "We do." 1 fish; 2 tbsp. flour; 1 cup All rise, form circle and sing, water; 2 tsp. soy s a u c e ; This service opens with a few "Blest Be the Tie that Binds." Clos- chopped ginger to taste; 1 tsp. remarks appropriate to the or- ing prayer. Chinese onion; 1 tsp. brown ganization, given by an install- supar; salt. ing officer, after which the METHODS BRIEFS chairman of the nominating Clean fish and fry in deep fat. committee comes forward and Accentuate interest and ac- Drain. When wanted for use, addresses the officer somewhat tivity in any missionary group reheat in the following sauce: as follows: by dividing its membership into Prepare thick sauce of flour, wa- two sections named after the ter and salt. Cook five minutes, We present to you these women fields or subjects for the cur- add soy sauce, chopped onion, who have been selected to carryon rent year's study-Chinese and ginger and sugar. the work of our Women's Home Mis- Indians this year-and have sion Society fQr the coming year. We them vie with each other for Sweet Potatoes, Roasted believe they possess the qualifications points such as attendance, dues Chestnuts necessary to do their work cheerfully, or offerings, new members obthoughtfully, prayerfully. Each has tained, etc. These are two popular foods been chosen for her special adapta- sold on the streets, baked in a tion to the work of her office and it is For reporting a convention or portable stove, often "called" in with pleasure that we present them. associationaI meeting: Have one the s t r e e t s .-From Chinese person-presumably an invalid Dishes for Occidentals. (Chairman of nominating commit- or stay-at-home-sewing in her tee then leads new president to plat- own living room when one or form and introduces her.) more callers come in and tell with animation, as news, the Installing Officer: "The honor that main points of the meeting to· is yours is not greater than the re- be reviewed. This takes away sponsibility which the office conveys. the formality of a report.

Give each member in the fall

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I ~,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CONTINUING PRAYER could pray that "the Chinese difficulties of the migrant la- soldiers be victorious," her reply borers have been multiplied a On March 3, 1933, individu- was that as Christians they hundredfold. In times of plenty als and groups who are follow- would "ask God the Father of the migrant laborer is the last ers of Him, who came to give all to aid in the victory of the to share; in times of distress life and more life, to all men, country which had the greatest he is the first to be eliminated prayed to be faithful in walk- contribution to make to the hap- from the educational, health and ing the same Way of Life. Mrs. piness of the peoples of the recreational plans of the com- C. C. Chen of Shanghai, who world." munity. After years of neglect, prepared the program for medi- migrant schools were organized tation and prayer which was Therefore with all this host for the migrant children in Caliused all round the world, has of witnesses encircling us, we fornia. In 1932 everyone of growing children whom she must strip off every handicap these schools in one county was would guard from venom of the . . . run our appointed course closed; now hospitals have in hatred of Japanese children. 'So steadily with our eyes fixed upon some cases closed their doors to they are taught at this time of Jesus as the pioneer and the per- the "migrant." great tenseness between the na- fecter of faith.-{Hebrews 12: tions that in Japan are families 111o.ffat translation.} At this time of curtailment in with grandparents, fathers and all these programs, the life of mothers and children like them- THE CRISIS IN THE WORK the migrant laborer is further selves; and, that the suffering AMONG MIGRANT burdened by irregular employof the many people both Chinese CHILDREN and Japanese is caused by mili- ment and wage cuts from 25 % tarists rather than by followers In these days when the atten- to 50 %. They receive forty of the Prince of Peace. When tion of each is centered on the one of her sons asked if one needs in his own community the cents instead of one dollar and fifty cents as in 1928 for pick- ROSALJE READY FOR HER BATH ing one hundred pounds of cot- ton. In some crops children of [ 218 ] five and six years are found working in the fields to add even a few cents to the family earn- ings in spite of school attend- ance laws.

Word has come from a field in the West that the "starvation period" has arrived. In Janu- ary and February from the East, in New Jersey, comes the report of terrific floods. The shacks, already elevated on stilts to escape the incoming tide, are flooded. Eight hundred "mi- grants" are sleeping on army cots in available buildings in the town. One large oyster house is so damaged that business has ceased and many of these people have been thrown out of work with no money or food. From five to eight hundred are being fed daily by the churches in the neighborhood. The Red Cross has been enlisted. Never has the work of the Council in this field been so valued by the com-

1!l33] BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL 011' WOMEN .FOR HOME MISSIONS

munity and the migrant families was demonstrated by the num- for strengthening it, but there as in these days of crisis. With ber who in this time of economic was also a strong conviction the added difficulties in the mi- stress were in attendance at the that in it, along with disarmagrant situation have come added Eighth Conference on the Cause responsibilities to the Council of and Cure of War held in Wash- ment, lay the only hope of the Women for Home Missions. As ington' D. C., January 17-20, of world for permanent peace. a result the year's work closed this year. The delegates from That public opinion, as repre- December 31 with a deficit of the eleven national women's or- sented in these women's organover seven hundred dollars. You ganizations which cooperate in izations, has progressed during may know of individuals or or- this annual conference came the eight years that these conganizations who could help. from all parts of the country, ferences have been held toward north, south, east and west, and a manifest desire for greater in- AGAIN WE SAY, represented groups of women in ternational cooperation is shown many varied activities, such as by the "Declarations of Princi- "Let No Man Despise Your Youth!" clubs, Leagues of Women Vot- ples" unanimously adopted by ers, Y. W. C. A., W. C. T. V., the conference, which is as fol- James Frederick Green, Yale missionary societies and church lows: 1932, representative of the Na- tional Student Disarmament groups of various kinds. The After eight years of exploration into the causes and cures of war by Council of V. S. A., in his ad- organized church women were means of a program based on condress to the World Disarma- delegates of the Council of ment Conference, Geneva, Feb- Women for Home Missions or sidered study and action, we, the ruary 2, 1932, said in part: the Federation of Woman's members of the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, make the After contemplating the events pre- Boards of Foreign Missions following Declaration of Principles: ceding the catastrophe of 1914 we re- which are two of these eleven main unconvinced as to the wisdom of member organizations of the 1. We believe that international coour predecessors. . . . We respect the National Committee on the operation and international concilianoble war dead, but we question the Cause and Cure of War. tion must proceed on a wide front judgment of those responsible for and without further delay through their death. The theme for the conference governmental and through private was "War and Waste," and the and public agendes. Organized slaughter, we realize, program included some very does not settle a dispute; it merely realistic presentations of the 2. We believe in the political intersilences an argument. . . . situation in the world today in dependence of nations. its bearing upon international The other speakers have much at 3. We believe in the economic instake; we have even more, for we terdependence of nations. are literally fighting for our lives. I 4. We believe in the active promo- tion through governmental and other stand before you as an attorney for relations, and the machinery set channels of the cultural relations of the defense, pleading for a reprieve. up since the World War for the the nations. . . . It is the young men and women prevention of war. Among the 5. We believe in the creation and of my age who will be commanded mobilization of an informed public to commit suicide. It is my genera- speakers were Dr. Stephen P. opinion, in order to exert a continution which will be requested to de- ous pressure on the Executive and stroy the best of human culture, per- Duggan, who gave a most inter- the Congress of the United States of haps civilization itself, for causes esting account of conditions in which future historians will discover South America; Dr. Mary E. America so that the principles here- in enunciated may be translated into to be erroneous, if not utterly stupid Woolley, who spoke on "The or actually vicious. We have thus Status of Disarmament"; Mr. measures effective for world unity lost interest in being prepared for Ralph H. Stimson, who talked and world peace. cannon fodder. about the war provoking influ- ences of the manufacture of Among the resolutions passed In a sense, I am presenting an ulti- armament, and Mrs. Vera M. by the conference was one exmatum, rather than a petition. For Dean, who gave an address on pressing satisfaction with the behind your deliberations stands star- "Russia Plans a New Order." policy for implementing the ing down at us the specter of Death. In the program also, were Pact of Paris announced by the We desire to live and to live at peace. Round Table discussions on war Hoover administration and its We desire to construct a world so- debts, disarmament, and the Far appreciation of the stand taken ciety providing freedom, equal op- Eastern situation, all led by ex- by the incoming President in reportunity, and a sense of security. perts on these subjects. The affirming the necessity of strict We desire to make possible for every final session closed with an ad- maintenance of treaty obligahuman being full development of per- tions. Another resolution exsonality in terms of the highest human and spiritual values we know.

EIGHTH CONFERENCE ON dress by President Neilson of pressed approval of the Joint THE CAUSE AND CURE Smith College, who spoke of the Resolution b e for e Congress OF WAR "Chances for Peace in the World granting to the President the power to prohibit the exporta- Today."

By ELINOR K. PURVES As the discussions proceeded tion of arms to nations at war, That women are vitally inter- through the four days of the where in his opinion a sufficient ested in the movement for inter- conference it was made clear to number of nations are willing to national cooperation and world all that the peace machinery of cooperate in such actions, and peace and are willing to make the world had many weaknesses urged favorable action by Con- sacrifices in order to secure it and that there was great need gress.

One of the features of the Following Christ is no less the addresses, but broke up into conference was the jury of than living Christ. smaller group conferences for twelve which listened to the dis- the discussion of the many difficussions and at the final session Live Christ culties that are preventing the brought in as Findings the Dec- nations of the world from atlaration of Principles referred Live Christ! – and though the way taining permanent peace. Some to above, and the "Objectives for may be of the problems included "Four 1933" for the member organiza- Public Enemies – Armaments, tions, the main purpose of the In this world's sight adversity, Debts, Tariffs, and War Costs"; conference being to set up a He who doth heed thy every need "Has the United States a Peace program around which the De- Policy?"; "International Mapartments of International Re- Shall give thy soul prosperity. chinery to Bring Peace"; "The lations of these organizations Church and War"; "Christianmay build their respective pro- Live Christ! – and though the road ity and Coercion." gram for the year. may be A Peace Picture Exhibit was The "Objectives for Action" The narrow street of poverty shown in connection with the He had not where to lay His head, conference. Numbering 451 call upon the women of these or- cartoons, posters, photographs ganizations to arouse public Yet lived in largest liberty. and pictures on the war-peace opinion in favor of (1) the im- issue, this display showing the Live Christ! – and though the road horrors of war is considered one mediate ratification of the World may be of the finest collections of its Court Protocols; (2) the dec- kind. It was collected by Dr. The straight way of humility laration of an embargo on arms He who first trod that way of God Francis N. Onderdonk, head of to nations at war after the President has secured the coopera- Will clothe thee with his dignity. the Department of Architecture at the University of Michigan, tion of other nations; (3) the Live Christ! – and though thy life and an ardent pacifist. It is concontinual implementing of the may be sidered unusual from an artistic standpoint as well as for its con- Pact of Paris by nonrecognition In much a valedictory, tents. Pre-war painters as well of situation brought about con- The heavy cross brings seeming loss, as the most modern type of Ger- man and Dutch artists were reptrary to its obligations; (4) the But wins the crown of victory. resented, among them, Otto Dix, whose series of prints on the achievement of definite results Live Christ !-and all thy life shall be brutalities of war have labeled during the second stage of the A High Way of Delivery- him as "the Erich Remarque of etchers." Disarmament Conference along A royal road of goodly deeds, certain definite lines, and (5) Gold-paved with sweetest charity. CONTINUING PRAYER the entrance of the United Live Christ !-and all thy life shall be On the first Friday in Lent, A sweet uplifting ministry, February 16, 1934, Christian States into the World Economic women and men young and old Conference without reservations A sowing of the fair white seeds and the children, too, will gather That fruit through all eternity. again in the world fellowship of and with freedom to discuss the -John Oxenham. prayer and giving for others. problems relating to the present Mrs. Lewis Hofmeyer of Cape- YOUNG PEOPLE'S PEACE town, Africa, is preparing the economic crisis. CONFERENCE program on the theme "Pray for the Peace of Jerusalem." In the The Council of Women for The realization that the bur- November issue of the MISSION- dens of the next war will fall on ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD will Home Missions and the Federa- the shoulders of the younger be found the report of the world generation and that a deep sense observance in 1932. tion of Woman's Boards of For- of responsibility rests with them in thwarting propaganda which Mrs. Poling chose as her eign Missions have accepted would precipitate another crisis theme for the March meeting of led the New York Quakers to the Administrative Committee these objectives as the basis for call a two-day Young People's of the Council the year's work, together with Peace Conference, which was held on February 12 and 13 at "According to your faith be it unto those parts of the Federal Coun- the Friends Meeting House, 221 you" and East 15th Street, New York cil's "Memorial on World Peace" City. "A new commandment I give unto you, which related to disarmament, that ye Four hundred and fifty deleinternational cooperation and gates between the ages of fifteen Love one another, as I have loved and thirty-five from churches, you." the World Court, all of which synagogues, schools and colleges are very similar to actions and in New York, New Jersey and recommendations of the Confer- surrounding communities heard ences on the Cause and Cure of Norman Thomas, Frederick J. War. The women of the Libby, Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee, churches, if they accept this pro- minister of Labor Temple, Program, will then be uniting with fessor Allen G. Alley of the other groups of women in nine League of Nations Association, national organizations, and with and Dr. Louis 1. Newman, New the churches represented in the York rabbi, discuss various as- Federal Council in a united ef- pects of the peace problem. The fort to further the cause of in- young people not only took part ternational cooperation for the in the general forums following prevention of war.

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n Our W orld–wide Outlook lr it A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'-I_~'"—–'~"'-"""""'-=–====—=~==-=—-==~==~–=I~~ INDIA-BURMA legislative councils as against 71 the average length of stay here was formerly. They will sit there, 2.03 years. In time the average length Waning Interes,t in Hinduism not as members of the "de- of stay will incline to be shorter. pressed classes," but of the These all go on six months' parole. Twelve years ago half a mil- Hindu community. While politi- The average number of those who relion pilgrims bathed in the God- cally Mr. Gandhi's fast has been turn after parole is 37.5 per cent. It aviri River at Nasik; last year a success there is still a grave may be assumed that most if not all a hundred thousand visited the problem presented by certain of those who do not return are conholy place. These were two orthodox groups who refuse to tinuing to keep well. Of those who Sinhasta Years when the planet give up their ancient customs of have returned the number of relapses Jupiter enters the sign of Leo caste. Unless this is done Mr. is 13 per cent, but none of these were and the water in Ram's Pool is Gandhi announces another fast serious; save in rare cases their nonbelieved to have unique purify- -this time unto death.-J. J. infectivity remained untouched, and ing power. Though ancient In- BANNINGA, Pasumalai, India. they all yielded to brief further treatdia continues to assure the world ment. We keep trace of the Christhat the life of renunciation is Do Not Close the Garo Schools tians who go from the hospital, the way to God, yet it seems evi- through their Christian pastors; with dent that this search is gripping Christian Garos support forty the others we have no such intermedithe Indian people less and less evangelists who work among ary. We should like to keep our "diseach year. Other interests are children in the Garo Hill vil- ease arrested" patients longer under surging forward and religion is lages where the American Bap- observation, but the daily pressure is dropping into the background tists have a mission. As soon as too heavy. particularly among the intelli- these children learn even a little gentsia. If this modern attitude they are never again contented -Without the Camp. is a protest against the sterile re- with all the silly, useless form of sults achieved by overemphasiz- eviil spirit worship. Knowing A United Work for Outcastes ing renunciation, it is a whole- this, many villages will not persome step in advance. If, on the mit a school to be opened, so if Alwaye, in north Travancore, other hand, it means that all re- any of the fifty-seven schools are has become a field of united ligion is to be tabooed, it spells closed it means the end of or- Christian effort on the part of danger for the future.-WILBUR ganized Christian work in that Jacobite and Mar Thoma Syrian S. DEMING in The Missionary village. Recently a conference churches, and the Anglican. The Herald. was held in the Garo Hills at settlement was begun by a group which forty Garo representa- of young Indian and English Legislation by Fasting tives and nine missionaries sat men to grapple in a Christian together for six hours a day for way with the problems of the de- Can you imagine Dr. Daniel four days, discussing many prob- pressed classes. The obj ectives Poling threatening to fast to lems of the work, especially in of the group might be summardeath if America does not posi- regard to retrenchment. The ized as follows: to spread the tively and definitely go "Dry"? Garos pleaded that these schools Gospel among outcastes and to If Dr. Poling did such a thing might somehow be kept open, for help in their uplift, so that real would he get more than condem- often the teacher is the only oneness in Christ might be realnation as a publicity stunt Christian village leader. ized, to train Christian leaders puller? No-not in the United from among the outcastes, to fo- States. But in India-there we – Watchman-Examiner. cus the attention of educated have a different psychology. people on the village problems Nothing strange about Mr. Leprosy Arrested of India, to draw together Chris- Gandhi's method there. Tele- tians of East and West, and grams flew about the country Rev. G. M. Kerr of DichpaIi lastly, to give to students of Unand officers of high rank got Leper H 0 s pit a I, Hyderabad, ion Christian College the chalbusy to see what could be done writes: lenge that higher education for when he began his fast. The de- the Christian should result in pressed classes, numbering about The last eight months have seen 184 higher service. There are still 65,000,000, really gain a great patients discharged as "disease ar- 300,000 non-Christian outcastes deal politically, for they will now rested"-our biggest number as yet in Travancore. occupy 148 seats in the various within such a period, but undoubtedly treatment is becoming more intensive -C. M. S. Outlook. and more speedy in result. Of the last 300 discharges in this category Dacca Mission to Students [221 ] For the last forty years a spe- cial feature of the Dacca Mission

has been the evangelistic work tracts for Moslems. Thus the Burma, non-Christian as well as among students, and some no- School has great potentialities Christian.

table Indian Christian leaders for reaching the whole of India's CHINA have been won as the result of 77,000,000 Mohammedans. -The Mission Field. this quiet, personal, persistent Multiplying Dollars work – through Bible classes, Origin of Gospel Teams Dr. Percy T. Watson writes lectures and social intercourse. The Burma Gospel Team work from Harwood Memorial Hos- This old Moslem capital of East- was started by Mr. Dyer about pital in Fenchow: ern Bengal is the center of a 1923 and the work grew steadily. populous area, and the seat of a In 1930 the Team met a man "For years this hospital has great university. A little group in India who had been changed had to economize on furniture. by his contacts with the Oxford Most of patients' beds had no of Christians was discovered Group and they found that they bedside chairs. The best rooms there in 1817. They were called had much in common. Many of had no dressers or chairs, and "Truth Teachers," and had in the methods, much of the ap- even bedside tables were at a their possession, carefully pre- proach, and all the desires for premium. From a small town of the ultimate goal were the same. less than a thousand people in a served in a wooden box, a much- The Kingdom of God Movement rural section of the United States worn volume from which they in Japan has the same motive a lady sat down and wrote a derived their spiritual guidance. as do the Gospel teams. One hu- check on the small local bank and Noone could say whence the man source common to all these enclosed it in an envelope ad- m 0 v e men t s was Henry B. dressed to the Fenchow Hospital. book had come, but they stated Wright of Yale, who taught suc- No letter accompanied it. That that they had possessed it for ceeding student groups from thin envelope brought many fat many years. It was a copy of 1900 to 1924, and Frank Buch- things-tables, chairs and Chi- Carey's first Bengali version of man, Samuel Shoemaker and V. nese dressers, which averaged the New Testament, printed at W. Dyer were among the num- together, made the cost of each Serampore in 1800. The book ber.-Watchman-Examiner. article only a little over $1.00 in had been Christ's messenger be- American money. This Amerifore any preacher had arrived. Student Questions can check on a small, out-of-the- way American bank was cashed Thirty years ago a hostel was The Rev. Paul J. Braisted of in Tientsin by the North China Judson College, Rangoon, Bur- Mission treasurer, changed into provided and accommodates !50 ma, writes that the modern Chinese money without discount university students. Its ChrIs- at the same rate as a New York tian influence upon the constantly changing groups is im- measurable. -Missionary Herald.

Lahore's School of Islamics Burmese students are keen and draft, and netted in fact $2.00 more in Chinese money than did The Henry Martyn School of earnest sewahrcehnerDs r.afJtoesreptrhutqh.. an international money order Islamics in Lahore was founded Recently for $10.00 American money a few years ago in recognition cashed at the local post office." of the need for better equipment Robbins, Secretary of the AmerIof missionaries in presenting -The Congregationalist. Christianity to India's Moslem can Baptist Foreign Mission Sopopulation. The School has set Schools for the Deaf itself to study Islam in all its ciety visited Rangoon the folbearings, to study Christianity The deaf are the only class of in its relationship with Islam, lowing questions were among people in the world who cannot thereby to help the Christians of be evangelized until they have India to understand Islam; and those propounded to him by the been taught in special schools. then to help missionaries and There are now ten such schools evangelists all over India to students in the Mission College: for the deaf in China, seven defiadopt such methods and litera- nitely under Christian manageture as will meet the problem. What are the marks which should ment. They are not reaching Besides this research, the School more than 400 deaf children out is teaching and writing. For separate a Christian from others? of at least 40,000 who cannot those who cannot make personal hear and should be in schools. contact with the School, "The Need a man who leads a pure and People of the Mosque" has been The forty-four pupils in the prepared. This is the first at~ true life believe in Jesus Christ to go Chefoo school have given a contempt to furnish in textbook tact with many homes and Chiform all the different things a to Heaven? nese people of all classes who What happens to people who follow know very little about the Chris- tian religion. other than Christian religious teach- ers?

Is it possible to live a completely un- selfish life? . .. Can a rich man live a ChrIstIan life? K. Is it possible to establish the mg- dom of God on earth?

Is there a God? How can I get a vital Christian ex- perience? . ?

Do animals have Immortal souls.

Further questions covered the missionary to Moslems needs to range of creation, revelation Evangelizing the Farmers know of Islam. An Urdu edition and denominations. The group is in preparation. The literary included representatives from A mixed Bible school for output also includes a series of all the major racial groups of farmers and students held at

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mienchow in the summer of laymen, medical missionaries, level, approached through rob- 1931 proved so helpful that it and a number of foreign repre- ber-infested country, and the was decided to follow it up by sentatives of institutions and or- seat of an important lamasery, regular e van gel i s tic effort ganizations for the relief of has been occupied. Denja, whose among farmers. Under the lead- lepers, research, and treatment monastery has been visited at in- ership of the Rev. Wu Shuen-hsi for the disease. The attention tervals and is subject to Lhamo, some of the senior students at of the Conference was centered will also soon be occupied. This Mienchow Middle School formed chiefly on the leprosy situation marks real progress in the occu- themselves into an evangelistic in China, distribution of the dis- pation of Tibet. On the Indian- band, and various members, with ease, medical treatment and re- Tibetan border Moravian evan- a leader, went at week ends to search, and consideration of the gelists, who have returned from neighboring farmsteads. They future of leprosy work in China. a journey into Ladakh, report an conducted a lantern service on This Conference has furnished encouraging welcome by the peo- Saturday evening, and the next a stimulus to greater vigilance, ple and a thirst to hear and to day held services for men, and stronger effort in combating read the Gospel. women and children. At one the menace of leprosy. -World Evangelization.

farm, especially, these meetings -Without the Camp. Christian Leadership proved most fruitful. The head farmer burnt his idols publicly West China's Woman Pioneer The following statement was and instituted family worship made recently by Wong Kueiinstead. Since then the work Fourteen young women were Sheng of Nanking: "We Chinese has developed rapidly, and to- graduated last year from West day there are about twenty peo- Christians will not be always reple in that district who worship China Un ion University at peating the names of Jesus and Christ.-C. M. S. Outlook. Chengtu, Province of Szechuan. of God, or confining our energies As each received her diploma, to the preaching of creeds; but Prices for Hospital Care the largest ovation was given to we shall go out and actually save Helen Yoh, a graduate in medi- "If you came to our doors," and liberate and nourish and writes the Superintendent of the cine, the first woman to receive a build up the character and life Presbyterian Hospital at Weih- medical degree from any Szech- of every man who is enslaved by sien Station, "you could have a uan institution. Her father is the power of sin, and so demonnice ward bed, food, nurse's and strate our religious faith." doctor's care, all for 12 cents in almost a millionaire from the U. S. money per day; or you Chinese point of view, and is A similar note is sounded by could go second class with pri- tremendously pro u d of this ,Chao Tzu-Chien, of Yencheng vate room for 60 cts. If you daughter. He 'is a man of the Un i v e r sit y: "Gloriously the were very wealthy, you could go old school and has two wives first class with private nurse, living. The old father is very spirit of Jesus lives forever. If special heating and solitude for my fellow Christians and my $1.20 per day. If you are a third deaf, and uses an ear trumpet countrymen follow His holy exclass patient, your appendix with long rubber tube. Not long would be removed for $2.00, or ago one of the missionaries tried ample with all their hearts and if you want an amputation it is to persuade him to give up this with all their strength, what $2.00, or if you need an X-ray it fear is there for salvation, what is $1.75. If you have leprosy, old-fashioned contrivance, and buy a small electric affair. But fear for man's life?" he would not listen to any such A third statement comes from advice, and said, "I am known Wu Lei-Chuan, former Vice- all over this part of the country Minister of Education: "The de- as the man with the long ear." velopment of China's future is in the hands of the young men of plans are being made to take – Watchman-Examiner. today. Jesus alone is competent care of you. In any given to lead them and worthy of their month we can count upon at In Tibet worship."-Christian Observer.

least 25 who will come in to have The Chinese-Tibetan border JAPAN bullets extracted, after a visit no longer bars the missionary, from bandits. But we are not and Christian guests may take Peace Sentiment looking for patients, for seventy unhindered journeys. Missionare now filling our sixty-nine There is in Japan a liberal aries who have taken into Tibet group to whom war is becoming beds. their wives and children during National Leprosy Conference the summer season have thus abhorrent, however serious the secured firm friends. Chinese provocation. From onoe school The first National Conference control has been effectively ap- comes the news that in chapel on Leprosy to be held in China plied over some important Tibe- prayer had been offered daily met in Shanghai on October 5-6, tan centers and facilitates mis- "for the soldiers on both sides." 1932, under the auspices of the sionary occupation. Lhamo, a Another writes, "Weare holding Chinese Mission to Lepers. The nomad center three days' ride wee k I y interdenominational membership of the Conference beyond the Chinese border, prayer meetings to pray for included Chinese medicals and twelve thousand feet above sea peace."

The following stanza is from was organized in 1904 with 24 Evangelistically-Minded Korea the pen of Kagawa: members; today its membership is over 800. One hundred and Because both missionaries and "Again I have become the child of an thirty-six were baptized in the Korean Christian leaders have aching heart, new edifice and many were re- emphasized prayer, Bible study ceived into full church member- and witness bearing, the Korean Carrying the burden of Japan's ship. The new building is not Church has always been evan- crime, large enough to accommodate gelistically-minded. The largest the church school which meets recorded attendance in a Bible Begging pardon of China and of the in open sheds adjoining the class for women was 1,300, and world for men, 1,800. There have church building. Rev. Takie been several "Forward Move- With a shattered soul; Okumura has been the pastor Again I am a child of sadness." and inspiration of the church. ments." In the "Great Revival of 1907," prayer and confession -Christian Advocate. -The Christian Century. of sin were very prominent.

Three Days with Kagawa Rev. C. J. L. Bates, D.D., President of the Kwansei Ga- kuin in. west Japan, outlines Give Us Religion Only Three years later, in the "Mil- Kagawa's program of three day lion Souls Movement," there meetings for students, and char- A Buddhist priest asked Rev. were one hundred thousand Clarence F. McCall of Niigata, acterizes them as masterly dem- Japan, to come and pay his peo- days' preaching and 700,000 onstrations of rare intellectual ple a visit. "Bring your stere- copies of the Gospel of Mark power. His underlying purpose opticon slides," said he. "All were distributed. As a result, in these studies of the relation of right," replied Mr. McCall, "I will give you an evening of pic- the number of communicants in science and religion was to show tures showing American and the Korean Pre s b y t e ria n the inadequacy of the material- Japanese scenery, health hints, Church, U. S. A., increased in istic view. In the first address farm animals, and perhaps a bit four years from 12,500 to 32,- he traced modern scientific ideas, on morality or religion." An 500; and the total number of and showed the trend of thought astonishingly prompt reply came adherents from 44,000 to 110,- away from the materialistic to- -"I want pure religion, weav- 000. The gains of those revival wards a more spiritual interpre- ing in morality," announced the tation of reality. priest. So for a half hour Mr. years have never been lost. McCall spoke on the relation of There was also the "Kim Ik Tu His second "address discussed morality and religion and for the principles of Marxian eco- one hour and a half he showed Revival" in Seoul, in the fall of nomics, and challenged its claims his slides on "THE LIFE OF 1920, when 600 were present at to explain human interest and CHRIST." early morning prayer meetings, activity, affirming the conviction and 6,000 at evening meetings. In one offering, besides money, that it is only in the application of Christian love to the solution two hundred finger rings, two gold watches, twenty silver of social problems that these Baby Week in Seoul watches, clothes and bridal ornapressing problems can be solved. ments were received.

The third address examined The Child Welfare Union of Three times in connection the mechanistic view of life, and Seoul has an annual "Baby with government expositions in "Behaviorism," in a thorough Week." Dr. Y. S. Koo is its med- Seoul, evangelistic halls were set and convincing analysis; and ical director. Among the many made clear the impossibility of instructive booths was one for up near the entrance gate, and providing for choice and moral dental examination and advice; tens of thousands heard the Gosdistinction on the basis of such another to demonstrate baby pel preached. The present hypothesis. foods, where were shown many Forward Movement is a three- things the Korean women did year program, initiated in 1931 While speaking he uses a not know were allowable in a and is a j oint program of brush and India ink to draw baby's diet; one showed how to Methodist and Presbyterian graphs and diagrams. Each of bathe and dress an infant and Churches. The first year was his three addresses was two still another displayed 100 one of prayer, consecration, hours long. health posters loaned by the Bible reading and study. The Red Cross. There were also second is a year of evangelism -United Church Record. talks on the causes and preven- and the third is to be a year for tion of disease, and a model Ko- the widest possible distribution Makiki's New Church rean house was shown. At the and sale of Christian literature. end of two days some six hun- The Makiki Castle Congrega- -The Presbyterian. tional church is modeled after an old castle built at Yamato in dred people had come to see the "You Can't Preach There" 1560 by Lord Hisade, a Chris- exhibition. Large crowds came tian. It was the first Christian at night to see moving pictures Kimsi Tok Hung, unlike most place of worship in Japan, and on hygiene and health. One of our Korean friends, is not was called Tenshukaku – the hundred and eighty-five prizes poor. She had intended sending "Place to Worship the Lord of were awarded. Heaven." The Makiki Church a Bible woman to some needy -Korean Mission Field. village when someone said to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

her, "But why don't you give Rural Life Institutes years of opportunity, but I am glad yourself as well as your money?" A distinct contribution to ru- that now I am not afraid to read and She decided to give her service, ral life in the Philippines when study the greatest book in the world. her time, and strength, and went the National Christian Council, out, voluntarily, to tell the Story. in cooperation with agricultural -Christian Advocate. Some time later it came to her heart to go to the village of high schools, insular, provincial NORTH AMERICA Song Gari, but the Sam Dung and municipal government offi- Century of Progress Crusade folk remonstrated, "Noone can cials and other agencies, con- Probably the most epochal preach there; they have beat up united church program ever ateveryone who has tried to." ducted six Rural Life Institutes Kimsi replied that it would be in the autumn of 1932. An im- tempted in the history of Chia new experience for her! She posing array of talent provided cago is the call to 1,000 churches is a good path breaker and im- information, entertainment and and 500,000 inactive church mediately got a hearing in this worship. Attendance at lectures members to participate in a vast proud village which had in past and demonstrations ran from world's fair religious movement. days been a well-to-do commu- thirty to 250, and audiences that Those expected to cooperate innity but through drink and vice gathered for evening programs clude 800 churches of 19 denomi- of addresses and music num- nations, representing the Chi- was in very poor circumstances bered from 500 to 2,000. These cago Church Federation. Inwith lands poorly farmed. Some institutes form the link between stead of having an evangelistic thirty, mostly men, accepted the national rural life meeting campaign with centrally located Christ and gave up drink and attended by 36 pastors, deacon- meetings, addressed by visiting tobacco. Later, the Pyengyang esses; farmers and missionaries evangelists, the program aims Men's Missionary Society sent from 18 provinces last March, to strengthen the morale of inout a man evangelist to follow and the short courses for farm- dividual churches, and to inspire up. In less than a year's time ers to be held .throughout the the membership to attend and the three saloons of the village archipelago as soon as possible. give financial support, and to have been obliged to close their lead better Christian lives. doors! The past summer's crop -Christian Council Bulletin. was better because of the new in- Already 20,000 workers, repdustry of the men. Three weeks "A Dangerous Book" resenting three major sections ago when Mr. Hill went there of the city, have been trained for the first time he found a Hon. Teodoro R. Yangco was and are ready to work when the congregation of eighty. resident commissioner in Wash- Century of Progress Exhibition ington for the Philippines some opens in June. -MARY HILL of Pyengyang. years ago. He is now past sixty-five, is one of the Island's -Presbyterian Advance.

distinguished citizens, known far In Hell's Kitchen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC and wide for his Christian phi- Rev. E. G. W. Meury, D.D., of lanthropy. Speaking before a Challenge of the Celebes convention of pastors and Sun- the Dutch Reformed Church, has day school workers in Manila, he The sprawling, octopus-like is- said: finished thirty years as pastor of land of Celebes lies almost directly south of the Philippines, Before the United States came to Knox Memorial Coli e g i ate 150 miles east of Borneo. Within the Philippines, the Bible was a closed its 69,000 square miles are 53 book. But today, how different! The Chapel in "Hell's Kitchen," New distinct languages. Missionary Bible is open. Sunday schools and York City. During this pastorwork has gone on for a century, churches are free to think. The old practically all fostered by Dutch days of religious oppression are gone ate 807 church members have Protestant churches. To men- forever, thanks to the liberating power tion only the larger racial of Protestant Christianity. been received, of whom 709 were groups, there are 200,000 Menados; 100,000 Toradjas; 1,500,- When I was a small boy my mother on confession of faith. Thirty 000 Boegis; and 600,000 Makas- got hold of a Bible. Curious with in- years ago English, German and sar. A large number of the To- terest, she began to read it. She did Irish were the languages of the not know that the Spanish priest parish while today thirty-two would disapprove. One day the padre languages and dialects are in called at our home. Innocently my use. Nearly half the street signs mother brought out the Bible and said, are in Greek. There is no mo- "See, I have a Bible." notony in the work of this par- ish. Hit by the depression, all radjas have become Christian; "Ah," replied the priest, "that is a the members have taken the a part of their territory is occu- dangerous book for you to read. You blows with a smile, and the unpied by the Salvation Army. The must burn it." With fear and trembling my mother employed have been cared for burned the book then and there. That Menandos are nearly all nominal event made a great impression on my by the sharing of those more for- Christians, and are noticeably youthful mind. I grew up to believll tunate, as they did in the early "westernized." Boegis and Ma- Church. The benevolences of the kassar territories are still un- it was unsafe, and my dear mother congregation have not been re- died believing it was unsafe to read duced, but increased. occupied. Islam and paganism the Bible. I never read it until a few -Christian Intelligencer. holds them in bonds. years ago. I am sorry for those lost

Save Life League Colored Churchmen to Be The teaching of religion and all Twenty-six years ago Dr. Represented acts of devotion or worship are Harry M. Warren of New York forbidden. All but five of the City, founded the nat ion a I By a vote of three to one the native teachers will be dismissed "Save-a-Life League," which has diocesan convention of Upper and all but two of the Americans as its chief purpose the saving South Carolina, has opened the will leave the plant. One hunof persons who contemplate sui- way for representation of col- dred and fifty students must cide. Dr.' Warren recently re- ored churchmen in diocesan af- hereafter secure their education ported that he had in these years fairs. The resolution which re- in government schools. Since interviewed 2,900 people and sulted from much careful delib- business training and domestic eration and discussion is re- science do not come under the that most of them had been garded as a great forward step law, the Commercial Departsaved. The suicide rate of New in the work of the Church, and ment will continue. It is also York City alone is claimed to be reads as follows: hoped to use the school buildings four a day by George LeBrun, as a home for girls who will at- Resolved, That it is the sense of this tend other schools. secretary of the chief medical convention that the Negro clergy caexaminer. According to the New nonically resident in this diocese for -The Living Church. York Herald-Tribune about one at least six months, and working unthird of the cases are mental. der the Bishop of the diocese, and two Bibles for Mam Indians These Dr. Warren refers to psy- lay communicants elected by the con- vocation of colored Churchmen shall chiatrists, whereas the others be entitled to seats and votes in the Western Guatemala has 200,- treated by himself. His treat- diocesan convention. 000 Mam Indians. To make the ment consists in "human sym- Bible available for them, Rev. pathy and understanding" and -The Living Church. H. Dudley Peck has been at work the application of the Gospel with a group of eight translators message of Paul to the Philip- Ukrainians in Alberta and the cooperation of the Amerpian jailer, "Believe in the Lord ican Bible Society. The begin- Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be Around the indian Reserva- nings of an Institute for trainsaved." This message is as pow- tion at Good Fish Lake in north- ing Mam leaders has been erful to save the suicides of to- ern Alberta is growing up a set- mapped out. Evenings during day as it was to save the jailer tlement of Ukranians, a very reat Philippi. ligious people but suspicious of the translation sessions have organized Christianity, as they been employed for evangelistic Navajo Camp Meeting know it. Their number is in- trips, and for making Christ creasing year by year, both by known in their own tongue to immigration and birth rate. The A camp meeting at Chin Lee United Church of Canada is the the many Indian transients in Navajo Mission in Arizona, un- only Protestant Church doing public kitchens, lodges and der the Presbyterian Board, anything in a systematic way to plazas. Week ends have been brought the largest attendance help these people. There is one used to reach three near-by ever witnessed at any of the ordained missionary speaking towns and about fourteen vil- Navajo meetings, a daily attend- their language, but his work is lages. During the June session, ance of 100 being recorded. limited to a small area. The 423 unbelievers from 42 towns There were 15 accessions on con- Board of Home Missions is re- and hamlets heard the message fession of faith. The native sponsible for the hospital at of God's love through the Mam Navajo Christians furnished a Smoky Lake, while the Woman's translators. large part of the food for the Missionary Society has three camp meeting, which heretofore school homes; one at Smoky -Guatemala News.

has been furnished almost en- Lake, one at Wahstao, and one at Jungle Indians in Peru tirely by the missionary. Their Radway.

contribution was eight sheep. -United Church Record. The first twelve jungle In- -Presbyterian Advance. dians of Peru to be baptized Notable Negro Church LATIN AMERICA heard the Gospel for the first The Abyssinian Church of School Must Close time when they came to the Christian Alliance Mission at New York recently entered its The Hooker School in Mexico Cahuapanas. They have com- 125th year. It is the third old- City, under the Episcopal Board, pleted four months' attendance est Negro church in the United is unable to function under the at the Daily Bible School and States. With a membership of new law which makes it impos- have expressed the desire to more than 11,000 it is among sible to incorporate schools learn more in order to give the the largest Protestant churches· which had in the past received, Gospel to their families and in the world. Dr. A. Clayton were now receiving or expected friends. From 35 to 40 are at- Powell has been the pastor of to receive, support from reli- tending special noon meetings, this church for the past quarter gious organizations. The law and it has been in these meetcentury. also forbids any clergyman, or ings that most converts have – Watchman-Examiner. religious teacher in the schools. been won.-Alliance Weekly.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oonverts in Uruguay never-ceasing persecution to articles against the Soviet re- Uruguay has long been known which they are exposed. Hitler gime, has published an open letas a refuge for oppressed peo- has made of anti-Semitism a re- ter in the Daily Express to Joples of other lands. In Monte- ligious dogma. goda, the vice-commissioner of video, the capital, are represen- the G. P. U. (Russian Secret tatives from every European -New York Times. Police) who is a member of the country. Among other nation- presidency of the Bolshevistic alities are about four thousand The President of Ozecho- party. Part of the letter fol- Armenians, who have an evan- slovakia lows: gelical religious background, and some are already Christians be- President Thomas G. Masaryk Can you deny that you have 200,000 fore coming. A few years ago of the new Czechoslovakian Re- prisoners, for the most part from public is a member of the Czech among engineers, attorneys, priests Brethren Church. In his first and other persons of the educated a young Armenian living in presidential message to the Na- class, who are compelled to do forced tional Assembly in Prague he Buenos Aires, Argentina, felt quoted the prophecy of the edu- labor on the canal to the White Sea the call to preach the Gospel to cator and reformer, Comenius: in Karelien? Can you deny that you his own people and decided to banished 35,000 kulak families (farm- ers) in the winter of 1929 from return to Europe for special "0 Bohel1,lian people, I trust in southern Ukraine to the polar re- God, that when the tempest of gions? Thousands of them died of study. He studied in Paris two His wrath brought upon our years and then in Glasgow, Scot- typhoid fever. Can you deny that all the towns in north Russia as Hibinaland, another three years and heads for our sins will have gorsk, Kondolatska, Neuastroy and passed away, the reign of thy Murmansk have been built through there he was ordained to the cause' will again be restored." ministry in 1932. After his or- Their long captivity has made forced labor? Can you deny that in the past mothers were deprived of dination he returned to Argen- their bread tickets by the G. P. U.? tina where he is doing evangel- multitudes ready for the Gospel. You seized old women in order to take In some communities the enter- their last diamonds or a golden braceistic work among his people of ing wedge may be a lecture on let because the Soviet government Argentina and Uruguay. In Huss, but after it the people call needed money. Can you deny that October, he baptized his first 26 every foreigner is watched in Russia; for Gospel sermons. Patriotism converts in Montevideo. is not enough; true freedom in- that our letters are read and our tele- -Home and Foreign Fields. deed can come only through the phone conversa~ions are overheard? Gospel of the Redeemer. Can you finally deny that during the EUROPE years 1930-31 you shed so much blood that your own friends were embit- tered because of it?

Scandinavian Missions To Establish Islam in Hungary AFRIOA A comparative study of the At the recent Pan-Islamic A Life Saver foreign mission activities of Congress held in Jerusalem, it Denmark, Norway and Sweden was decided to recognize Buda- A missionary and an Egyptian was recently given in Luthersk pest in Hungary as a holy city pastor were returning from a Ugeblad, as follows: for all Moslems, and build there long, hard day of visiting among a great mosque and university, various villages in the Delta. At DenJ"nark Norway Slceden that eventually might be to the the point where they separated, West what El Azhar of Cairo is each to return to his own home, Number of 2{0 400 700 to the East. This is considered the pastor hired two men to missionaries by Moslems themselves as the drive him the remaining dis- most important move ever made tance. Reaching a lonely bit of Benevolence for the western extension of Mo- road, the car stopped, the two (in Crowns) 1,750,000 3,000,000 4,250,000 hammedanism. Four centuries men got out, mumbling an ex- ago the Moslem Turks devas- cuse about the engine, whispered Gift per .59 1.1,1 .70 tated Hungary and for two hun- a moment together, then started capita …. dred and fifty years carried on a toward the pastor. Sensing rule of tyranny and cruel exac- trouble, he quickly drew out the Baptized in 1.900 11,000 a,oao tions, which lasted until the lat- only weapon he ever carries, held 1930 .. , ter part of the seventeenth cen- it in his hand, so that, in the tury, when the Hungarians moonlight, it gleamed in the eyes :"ative cou- 29,000 15G,OOO 84,000 drove their oppressors back of the advancing men, and said verts …. across the Danube, and the Turk- to them, "Be careful. I have ish dream of planting Islamic here the best weapon in the Anti-Semitism in Germany banners in Western Europe world, and I am trained in its faded.-Alliance Weekly. use~" Both men stopped and be- The prediction of the late Lord Melchet, a leader of the Jews in England, that one result of the war would be a complete dissociation of Jewish from German interests in Europe appears rapidly proving to be correct as a result of the campaign pursued with such vehemence by Adolf Hitler and his Nazis. Leaders of Jewish opinion in Great Brit- Oruelty in Russia gan to back off, protesting that ain have evidence of the terrible they meant no harm. The pastor situation of their coreligionists A Russian correspondent, could not refrain from laughing, in Germany. Life is being made Miss Clyman, who was asked to and said, "My friends, look here.

intolerable for them by the leave Russia on account of her I am a preacher. I have neither

money nor firearms. What I Apolo and the Pygmies Christians were few the boy who have is that sword which God The church of the Mboga en- beat the call drum for worship has given us to save life rather tirely due to the work of' one than to take it. I have a New went to Dr. Wilmer S. Lehman !,estament. ~he gleam you see, man, Canon Apolo, is already mstead .of bem?, from a pistol the center of a body of men and medical missionary aI nbdeastatihd~: barrel, IS the gllt edge shining women who are scattering the "This should finish.' in the moonlight, even as God's Gospel among thousands of healove shines on our hearts if we then. There is an African say- drum, and no one comes." Dr. will allow it. God's Word is ing "All food is God's," and they sharper than any two-edged never refuse food to a stranger. Lehman replied: "Keep on beatsword, and through it we who The Mboga apply this practice trust God fi~d all our needed help to the Gospel. Mr. Lloyd of the ing the drum, for the day will and protectIon for every time of C~urch. Missi.on Society talked need." wIth SIxty pIOneer evangelists come when this country will be who had come in to Apolo's Tl~e driver came up and begged headquarters. They had assem- full of Christians." The prophforglVeness, explaining, "We saw you come to the crossroad bled from all parts of. the great ecy has come true. On a recent with the foreigner, and sup- AruwImi forest. Ten of them posed you were his assistant in were spending their lives among Sunday morning at the chapel cotton buying in the villages. t~e dwarfs, living in their tiny When you asked to go to your VIllages, partaking the same where the old drum called in town, which is one of the large food, and moving about with cotton centers, we imagined that vain many years ago, 410 people you would be carrying money to them on their hunting expediclose cotton contracts with the tions. They are not a treacher- were present. Beyond, there farmers; and we thought this ous people, nor would they was our opportunity to take it were 52 chapels to which more from you. Will you forgive us dream of attacking others save this wrong?" in self-defense. Brave and clever than 6,000 go when they hear hunters they are, who do not -United Presbyterian. shrink from attacking even an the drum. elephant. At times one can see Sunday Schools Rally in a such game covered with arrows -Presbyterian Banner. Coptic Church as a gigantic pin-cushion with Bantu Essay Competition The World's Sunday School pins. When asked why they of- Association in Egypt held a fer to ~od pots of honey and The South African National Conference in Assiut. Sheikh WIld frUlts they answer: "White Sunday School Association re- Metry S. Dewairy, whose father ~an, we are afraid of Him. He cently arranged an essay compewas a Coptic priest writes of it: I~ cruel and hates Ufl, sending tition for non-Europeans. The sIckness and wild beasts and subject given was "The Impor- On Rally Day, because of limited death. If we put our offerings tance of the Early Years in space, we could only permit 4,000 stu- He may have pity." Christian Education." Altodents to .attend the rally-2,000 in the gether 106 papers were received -So S. Times. almost one third of them being in the vernacular. The papers were judged mainly by a three- fold standard-specific reference to the Bantu child; good reasons why Bible teaching and Chris- tia~ trai~ing should be given dUflp.g chIldhood; practical sug- gestIons as to how it should be done. A number of the papers were of considerable merit and showed knowledge of psychology and pe<,iagogy, as well as an ap- Evangehcal and 2,000 in the Coptic A Revival of Superstition preCIatIOn of the need for Chris- Orth~dox Church near by. The chair- tian religious education during man .Ill the Evangelical Church was a In the Cameroun territory of the early years. A cash prize of CoptIC lawyer, and the chairman in the Basel Mission, the number the Coptic Orthodox Church was an of Christians has been doubled two guineas was awarded the Evangelical elder! In the Evangeli- since 1927. Of late the mission best essay. cal Church there was a choir com- -South African Outlook. posed of t:nelve ~eacons of the Coptic is facing some severe ttrhiaels~'tLhoe­ Church wIth theIr ecclesiastical gar- worst being that of Money No Object ments of white· embroidered robes and velvet head-gears. of different colors. sango" agitation, a secret organ- Five miles from Mt. Silinda They stood before the pUlpit and chanted the Angels' Song in Coptic! ization. After fifteen years of South Africa, is a little bush My ey~s were filled with tears of joy, for thIS was the concrete expression progress the superstitious have school taught by a native Chrisof spiritual unity. We have been working ha!d in. El!;ynt for twelve again heard the voice of the tian, Norah Tamele. When lack years to. achIeve thIS fellowship among the AnCIent and Protestant Churches. mungi, a ravenous beast that of funds made it necessary for life Now. our efforts are being rewarded. demands human sacrifice. The the mission steonct lowsoerdsixthsacthohoerls~ Norah was It wIll mean much for the future fear of this animal is used by of our people. the Losango people in their agi- would be among the fatal num- In Assiut there are 4,500 tation against Christianity. ber. Her reply in Chindau was Drum Call Brings 6,000 as follows: "I want'to say that I wish to Street ~unday School pupils and Lolodorf ch urwcahsinfoCuanmdeerdouin~ continue to teach even if there is 3,000 m the Daily Vacation West Africa, no money at all. I will be very Bible Schools. 1905. In the early years when happy if you will allow me to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

continue to teach my school. It otherwise, in competition everybody tions. Ever since the days of does not make me happy to work will open his shop. It must be com- Dr. Thom, Dr. Andrus and Mr. just for money; no, to teach the pulsory. Emrich, we have been wanting little children and to preach the to rehabilitate Mardin Station- Gospel to the older people is a -Turkish P1'ess Translation farthest American Board station reward greater than gold and Service. to the southeast, near Iraq. At silver. If the missionaries are last, in October, we were able to having difficulties, it is right Shall Turkey Accept place two families there-Dr. and that I should be troubled also Christianity? Mrs. W. L. Nute, and Rev. and and work with you; because Mrs. A. Carleton. They secured when I was poor and uneducated The following article by H. the usual travel permits from you did not turn me away, and Nihal in a Turkish periodical re- the regular Turkish officials at when I was sick you did not re- veals the Turk's attitude toward the points from which they fuse to help me. I am not able religion at the present time. started, but on arrival they were to express my thanks if I may told that a few days before, the remain in God's work." We have decided to follow the West- Angora Government had made ern civilization. But before every- that region again a closed zone The school was allowed to con- thing else we have to know the mean- for foreigners. Therefore they tinue with Nora receiving one ing of civilization. While adopting a could not be granted residence third her former pay. Students new civilization, have we to take over permits pending new instrucincreased in number from 23 to all its institutions and elements, or tions from Angora. They have 34.-Missionary Herald. may we leave out some parts? In en- been told that they must leave tering the Islamic civilization, the right off! After such long and WESTERN ASIA Turks accepted all the institutions of patient effort, our hopes seem that civilization, and naturally its re- likely to be frustrated, after we Friday or Sunday for Turks ligion also. Today while entering the have placed our worker:s there! Western civilization, shall we accept Weare making a final effort to Turkey is considering a change Christianity also which is the religion in the weekly rest day. A ques- of the West? have the decision reversed. tionnaire has been issued to sound out the feelings of the Today religion plays an important There are increasing evidences public regarding the adoption of role in life. With the exception of that many who are earnestly Sunday instead of Friday or the Russia, no nation has dared to declare seeking spiritual life are feeling abolition of a weekly rest day. irreligion. Since the Turkish nation the utter inadequacy of Islam, A large number sent replies ad- also needs a religion, what should it and are turning to Jesus Christ vocating the adoption of Sunday be? to satisfy their need. You may as rest day. Here are some of perhaps find it hard to realize them: Sheikh Bey, professor of psy- their aversion to the name Chris- chology said in a private conver- tian, which to them stands first The laborers have a right to a day sation: of all for a hostile nationalism of rest in the week. This right of the and secondly, for a form of worlaborers should be recognized. For "Since we desire to identify our- ship which they associate with instance, the cleaning of machines is selves with the West, it is necessary idolatry. But they see the winnot allowed on the rest day, and thus for us to make our religion also iden- someness of Christ, and are bea work day is used for cleaning and tical; seeing that it is impossible for ing led to be His followers. repairs. It is necessary that Sunday the West to accept Islam, we have to should be accepted. Even in Egypt accept Christianity." Today a good -C. T. R. they rest on Sunday, and not on Fri- many belonging to "the Enlightened day. The economic relationship of the Group" are of the same opinion. Ac- Effects of Christian Education nations has made Sunday common for cording to some of these, no greater all. . . . Far from abolishing the mistake can be committed than adher- The American School for rest day, half of the preceding day ing to the barbarous religion of Mo- Girls in Beirut had a student also must be set apart for rest. The hammed with its Feast of Sacrifice, body made up of twelve differreal question is not working six or while there is the humane religion of ent nationalities, ten different seven days, but working in a system- Jesus. What we mean is this; today sects of Christians, and five nonatic way. But it is essential that Sun- there is a group of enlightened Turks Christian religions. The nonday should take the place of Friday. who are inclined to Christianity. They Christians represented forty-six Especially in our commercial life we want Christianity not because it is a per cent of the student body. are losing much on account of the religion, but because it is a way lead- But figures are less vivid than present day of rest. . . . The adop- ing to civilization and humanity. individual testimony. Here is a tion of Sunday as a rest day is an ap- girl registered as a Moslem who propriate arrangement from the point On the other hand there is another has three times taken part in of view of our relations with Europe. movement which aims to Turkify Is- prayer before the whole school, It makes no difference whether a man lam. The Koran and the call to prayer and has once prayed publicly in rests on Fridav or Sunday. Only in began to be read in Turkish, but some- the name of Christ for a sick economic life, in bank transactions, it how this did not gain ground, whereas teacher. She expects to work is very important. . . . Sunday must the partisans of Christianity did not among women in Bagdad prison. be the· rest day. We mechants have stop. They continued their propa- A Syrian girl says: "Life," said two days' vacation in the week. We ganda. While the other movement is rest on Friday, and we can do no work passing away like a flame of chaff, on Sunday. Counting the feast days this movement moves on like water also, We! are idle almost half of the under a heap of chaff. Let us be careyear. But the rest day must not be ful, let us beware of doing the same left to the choice of the individual; mistake when we adopted a new civ- ilization. Our national culture is in danger.

-Translation Service.

Complications in Turkey The situation here is always liable to unexpected complica-

she, is full of glimpses of the exact figures are not available, Supervised by a Frenchman, world round about, happiness, as for example in Russia. Inspected by an American, mirth and joy. Friendship ex- Scoured by an Albanian, ists abundantly, not the cheap The Growth of Christianity in Dyed by a Turk, Examined by an Irishman, kind, but the rich, constructive the World friendship. In college I formu- G. L. Kieffer, in the Lutheran Pressed by a Pole. National Council Bulletin esti- -World Comrades. lated a serious idea of life and of mates the Christian population what it meant, of our capacities, of the world at the end of the A Christian Protest and of the many treasures it con- several centuries approximately tains." "Christomol" is the name of as follows: a Christian movement among -Syria News Quarterly. young people in Siberia, in op- A Christian Film in Meshed First Century ……… 500,000 position to the "Komsomol," or Second Century ……. 2,000,000 Godless movement. The Na- Dr. H. A. Lichtwardt of Third Century …….. 5,000,000 tional Bible Society of Scotland Meshed, Persia, sends this inter- Fourth Century ……. 10,000,000 reports that many groups of esting bit of news from that fa- Fifth Century …….. 15,000,000 Christians are being formed in natical holy city of the Moslems, Sixth Century …….. 20,000,000 Siberia. A strenuous attempt where until recently, everything Seventh Century …… 24,000,000 also has been made to transmit Christian was anathema: Eighth Century ……. 30,000,000 over the wireless radio at Har- Ninth Century ……. 40,000,000 bin, Manchuria, the Gospel mes- "During the month of Ramazan, the Tenth Century …….. 50,000,000 sage over the whole Far East time of fasting, in this 'holy' month, Eleventh Century ….. 70,000,000 and into Siberia. in this fanatical Shrine city, the Twelfth Century …… 80,000,000 American film, 'The King of Kings' Thirteenth Century …. 75,000,000 The Christian Protest Moveis being shown in the local cinema to ment, organized in England in huge crowds, which are at least 90% Fourteenth Century '" 80,000,000 1929, to combat the oppression Mohammedans. It is definitely Chris- Fifteenth Century …. 100,000,000 of religion in Russia, has been tian, sympathetically and earnestly Sixteenth Century …. 125,000,000 reorganized to include in its propresented, and has created a great im- Seventeenth Century .. 155,000,000 gram a campaign against the pression among the thinking people. Eighteenth Century … 200,000,000 Communist anti-religious propa- There were many army officers there, Nineteenth Century … 500,000,000 ganda in Great Britain. The and other officials and men of prom- Twentieth Century …. 737,280,000 work is educational in character inence. The Afghan Consul-General and will be carried out through sat directly behind me, and during the These estimates are compiled existing organizations. entire film asked me numerous ques- from Dorchester's "Problem of tions on details which he did not un- Religious Progress" and' from -Alliance Weekly. derstand. The audience was respect- "The World Almanac" and the ful and attentive. Such pictures will Lutheran Missions Prosper have definite evangelistic results, es- "Lutheran World Almanac." pecially as the sub-titles were direct The growth of Protestantism Not one mission under the scripture quotations, with book and verse stated." is estimated as follows since 1851: auspices of the United Lutheran Board of Missions was closed Per Cent during the past year, and the Increase 682 mission congregations and 78 preaching stations showed a MISCELLANEOUS NEWS Year Me1nbers Per new increase of 32,000 members. Increase Yelw Church Membership Gains 1851 82,000,000 106,000,000 ……… The Baptist World Alliance re- 1882 123,657,000 ports at the end of 1932 a sub- 1884 133,500,000 24,000,000 0.94 1888 136,036,600 stantial advance in church mem- 1889 17,657,000 8.32 9,843,000 1.99 2,536,600 1.90 bership, the increase amounting 1891 143,237,625 7,201,025 2.65 Thirty-eight of the missions be- 1900 150,000.000 6,762,375 0.52 came self-supporting. Forty-two to about 190,000. Especially in- 1906 166,066,500 16,066,500 1.78 new missions were started. The teresting are the statistics for 171,650,000 5,583,500 0.37 Lutheran Church spent more 1915 177,300,000 5,650,000 1.65 Asia. The steadiness of Chinese 1917 Christians under difficult condi- 1925 191,259.655 13,959,655 0.98 than a million dollars during the tions is gratifying; a net in- 1932 202,180,000 10,920,345 0.81 past year for home missions and crease of over 1,000 is recorded. The Indian growth is larger, The American Flag church extension work. especially that of South India, -The ChrisUan Century. A flag floats over the J ames- where there are now nearly 125,- town worsted mills. Here is its "There are treasures of love 000 members, forming the larg- history as told by the owner of and character which cannot be est body of communicants in that the mills: lost. For these treasures of the area. The Indian Baptist mem- The flag was made of wool from spirit we can well afford to exbership (apart from Ceylon) ex- American sheepceeds 200,000 ; India, Burma Sorted by an American, ch!mge aU else in order that we and Ceylon together report over Carded by an Italian, may possess them."

322,500. The largest advance Spun by a Swede, Our part is to cultivate and is in the United States, where Warped by a German, the membership of each of the Dressed by an Englishman, protect the garden of the inner Conventions has risen. These Drawn in by a Scotchman, life, but it is God who gives statistics omit all groups where Woven by a Belgian, strength to the stalk and beauty to the flower.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,————~–~~========~==~~~==-=====~~.========~~~====—-~~~.~~ Handmaidens of the King to Fo-reign romance. Mrs. Moffat was a An Ambassador in Bonds. By Mary Lands. By W. Thoburn Clark. 12 daughter of David Livingstone; C. Purser. 8 vo. 83 pp. 28. 6d. mo. 179 pp. Southern Baptist Con- Robert Moffat was a true pio- S. P. G. London. 1933. vention. Richmond, Va. 1932. neer who died just fifty years ago. The story has often been The blind of the world have The s e brief biographical told but this will be found inter- been neglected in all lands where sketches of Southern Baptist esting to those who have not ac- ambassadors of Christ have not missionaries include Mrs. Min- cess to the more complete biog- led the way in caring for them. nie Bland David of Africa; Lula raphies. The Rev. Wm. Henry Jackson, a Whilden, missionary to the blind Church of England missionary, of China; Julia K. Mackenzie of Adventuring with God. By Esther a graduate of Oxford, inventor Chinkiang, China; Ida S. Hayes, E. Baird. 12 mo. 55 pp. Ohio of a simple Braille type in Bura teacher in Mexico and Mrs. Friends Foreign Missionary Society. mese, a poet and musician-and Susan Broxton Taylor, the wife 1932. withal blind-began his work of Dr. Geo. B. Taylor of Italy. for the 25,000 blind of Burma in Some of the photographic por- Miss Baird has for forty years 1917. Burmese, Chinese, Intraits should never have seen the been a missionary in Nowgong, dians, government officials, busilight of day but the women they Central India. As one of the ness men and missionaries so poorly represent are heroines founders of the mission she tells helped to support the work and who served their generation by in this booklet the story of the he was given the Kaiser-in-Hind the Will of God and whose work growth of the Friends' work at gold medal by the Government abides. Chatarpur and the blessing of of Burma. The story told by his God upon the medical and edu- sister is worth reading. School Pat'hs in Africa. By Phyllis cational work-both of which L. Garlick. 12 mo. 102 pp. High- are evangelistic. Miss Baird re- Tefaro, Tales from Africa. By W. J. way Press. London. 1933. cently received the Kaiser-in- W. Roome. 8 vo. 185 pp. 58. Mar- Hind medal for public service in shall, Morgan & Scott. London. The author of "Goodly Fellow- India. Through her clear eyes 1932. ship" and "Uganda Contrasts," and warm Christian heart we gives us in these sketches some see the spiritual darkness and Africa is still a land of rovery interesting glimpses of need of Bundelkund, a district mance and adventure; a land of present day life in Africa-Ni- then untouched by the Gospel. strange scenes and customs; a geria, Ken y a , Tanganyika, They entered the field in time of land of ignorance, cruelty and Uganda-especially the work of famine and gathered 500 chil- large possibilities. Mr. Roome the Church Missionary Society. dren under mission supervision. is a British traveler and Bible We see here the contrasts be- An orphanage was started at translator and reports in these tween heathen and Christian Nowgong and is still going fifty letters what he saw on joureducation; the way schools are strong. Then a dispensary, and neys with a lad, Tefaro, through conducted, and the children who later a hospital, was opened at the Belgium Congo, Uganda, and attend; the results in training Chatarpur, fourteen miles away. Tanganyika. The yare not A f ric a n citizens, industrial The story-too briefly told-de- studies but rather chatty, runworkers, home m a k e r s, and scribes how land was secured ning comments full of interest- Christian workers. This teach- for the hospital and gives clear ing information for young peoing ministry is of great impor- evidence of the intervention of ple and others to whom the tance in order that future lead- God working on the heart of the g r 0 u n d covered is new. We ers may be adequately trained. Maharaj ah. The missionaries catch intimate glimpses of home Here is a remarkable record of have won their way and have life and mission work and occaneed and of accomplishment. made a deep impression on the sionally read thrilling incidents people. This is one of the little connected with the past. The Robert Moffat of Kuruman. By David known pieces of work which, if book is an excellent introduction J. Deane. 12 mo. 191 pp. 28. multiplied a millionfold would to a study of Central African life Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1932. transform the w 0 rId by the and shows how Christian mis- power of the Holy Spirit. sions are meeting the needs of The story of the Moffats in the people. Southern Africa is a missionary Any of the oo()ks not.~d in these columns will be sent by the RRvmw publishers on receipt of price.

[231 ]

The Japanese Invasion and China's Cameos of Our Lord. By Robert The Career and Significance of Jesus. Defiance. A Symposium, Edited WaltE'l' Bcll Denny. 466 pp. Nel- by Wong Chi-yuen, Director of Lee. 191 pp. 3/-net. Pickering & son & Son. NE'W York. Publicity of the 19th Route Army, Inglis. 14 Paternoster Row, Lon- and Tang Leang-Ii, Editor of the Christianity, Communism, Adventism. People's Tribnne. Paper. 80 pp. don. 1932. Alexander Stewart. 121 pp. Stock- $1.00. Shanghai. well. London. Thirty-eight picture studies of As might be expected from its The Christian Enterprise Among authorship, this is an ex parte our Lord are given under such Rural People. Kenyon L. Butter- statement. The wise reader will field. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. take into account statements by titles as "His Face," "His Head," Japanese, and particularly the Christian Unity in Practice and impartial report of the investi- "His Shoulders," "His Arms," Prophecy. Chas. S. Macfarland. gat i n g Commission of the $2.75. 396 pp. Macmillan. New League of Nations headed by "His Feet," with scripture ref- York. Lord Lytton. This is a vivid story of the remarkable achieve- erences containing pointed mes- Delivering Grace. J. T. Mawson. 222 ment of the Chinese 19th Route pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Army and the tragic fate of the sages of salvation. The author's don. Chinese civilian population in the zone of hostilities. style is terse and his theology is The Dark Continent. Africa: The Landscape and the People. H. A. A. J. B. delightfully refreshing in its un- Bernatzik. IlIus. 256 pp. B. West- termann Co. New York. Individual Work for Individuals. By wavering certainty. Each chap- Henry Clay Trumbull. 12 mo. 186 Infonnation and Opinion Concerning pp. $1.00. American Tract Soci- ter closes with an appropriate the Japanese Invasion of Man- ety. New York. 1932. churia and Shanghai from Sources bit of poetry or song. In the Other Than Chinese. Edited by K. More than one revival has N. Lei. 445 pp. Shanghai Bar been started through reading chapter entitled, "The Hands of Assn. 1933. these stories of personal work. The book was first published the Lord" he tells of Satan, Materialism. J. S. HaJdane. 221 pp. over thirty years ago. Dr. $2. Harpers. New York. Trumbull was a remarkable and clothed in princely garb, suddenpersistant personal worker, hav- Robert Moffat of Kuruman. D. J. ing made it a rule to speak each ly visiting a monk in his cell and Deane. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & day to someone on his or her re- Inglis. London. lation to Christ. The book will saying, "I am Jesus." Greatly be a spiritual stimulus to any Moral Man and Immoral Society. pastor, missionary or other perplexed and wondering if this Reinhold Neibuhr. 280 pp. $2. Christian. It is intensely inter- Scribners. New York. esting and suggests many prac- guest were genuine he asked to tical ways in which effective The New Life. Capt. Reginald Walwork may be done in the "one by see his hands. At this, of course, lace. 101 pp. Is. Pickering & one" method. Inglis. London. Satan fled. Then Mr. Lee fol- Elise's Sacrifice. By Norah C. Asher. Northern Baptists Re-Think Mis- 12 mo. 60 pp. 9d. lows with a pointed paragraph sions. Edited by P. H. J. Lerrigo. 128 pp. 25 cents. Baptist Board of Norman's Good Name. By M. S. on "Toil-worn hands," "Holy Education. New York. Comrie. 12 mo. 208 pp. 2s. hands," "Pierced hands," "Grav- Richmond Hill Sermons. J. D. Jones. His Mother's Book. By E. E. Green. 285 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New 12 mo. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- en hands," "Strong hands," etc., York. don. 1932. ending with the following quo- "Re-Thinking Missions" Examined. These stories are not in mod- Robert E. Speer. 64 pp. 50 cents. ern style but they have an in- tation: Revell. New York. terest for children. The first tells of a little girl and her sac- Lord, when I am weary with toiling, Three Kingdom's of Indo-China. rifice for those she loved. The And burdensome seem Thy com- Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., and Theosecond concerns a boy who dore Roosevelt. 330 pp. $3. fought to remove the cloud from mands, Crowell. New York. his good name when he was If my load should lead to complainfalsely accused of theft. The Worship in Other Lands. H. P. third relates the story of a small ing, Thompson. 167 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. boy who was adopted by an old Lord, show me Thy hands-Thy Westminster. animal fancier. All are easy reading, have some adventure nail-pierced hands, Lutheran Mission Yearbook-1933. and good moral teaching. Thy cross-torn hands; my Sav- 158 pp. M2. H. G. Wallman. Leipzig. iour show me Thy hands. Annual Report. American Board of These short chapters make fine Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. 166 pp. Boston. devotional reading for the fam- Perils of the Polar Pack. A. L. ily altar. Ministers will find it Fleming. S. P. C. K. London.

suggestive for series of studies Ramdas-Translations of Mahipati's Santavijaya. Justin E. Abbott. at the Mid-week Devotional 410 pp. Hs. 2 As. 8. Pandit God- bole, Poona, India. Service H. A. ADAIR. The Two Hundred. Frank Hough- New Books ton. Is. China Inland Mission. London. An African Pilgrimage. A. M. Chirg- win. 158 pp. ,28. 6d. Student World F.ellowslhip People. Grace Christian Movement Press. London. Darling Phillips. 105 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. An Ambassador in Bonds. The Story of William Henry Jackson. 2d Edi- The Beauty of Jesus. Gipsy Smith. tion. 83 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. House. 228 pp. $2. Revell. New York. Westminster.

Behind t'he Far Eastern Conflict. Joseph Barnes and Frederick V. Field. 45 pp. 25 cents. American Council, Institute of Pacific Rela- tions. New York.

Conflict in the Far East, 1931-1932. 47 pp. 25 cents. American Coun- cil, Institute of Pacific Relations. New York.

China's Foreign Relations, 1917-1931. Robert T. Pollard. 416 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York.

ITEMS The Indian Government honored

Wanless wit h the Kaiser-i-Hind (Concluded from 2d c01Jer.) (Empress of India) medal, in recog- nition of his public services; later Mrs. James Duguid, Jr., a field sec- King George made him a Knight Printin retary of the Presbyterian Board of Bachelor of the British Empire. Foreign Missions, has been appointed When You Require It vice-president of the Stewardship Sir William was born at Charles- Council of the Churches of Christ in ton, Ontario, on May 1, 1865, and rethe United States and Canada. ceived his early education in Canada. In 1889 was graduated from the Med- '" * ical College of New York University We wish to extend to you an invi· Dr. N. Gist Gee, the new vice-pres- and was appointed a medical mission- tation to become acquainted with ident of Yenching University, Peiping, ary by the Presbyterian Board. He THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of China, is a Methodist layman, who has will long be remembered, both in In- Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. taught in Soochow University and has dia and in America, for his devout served on the China Medical Board. Christian character, his medical and Thousands of institutions and individ- surgical skill, his Christlike spirits uals have accepted a similar invitation, *** and his energetic, effective and sacri- and have enjoyed a profitable printing ficial service. An extended account of association for years. Dr. F. W. Norwood, Pastor of City · . Dr. Wanless's life and work may be Our specialty is Books, Magazines and Temple, London is to have a year's Booklets. We have modern equipment expected in a later number of the RE- to meet all the requirements of your vacation and will leave early in July particular job. Our service is quick. VIEW. careful and courteous. to make a world tour of the mission stations of the London Missionary So- Dr. Amos R. Wells,'"honorary editor Why not allow us to estimate on your next printing? You will be delighted ciety in Africa, India, China and of The Chrwtian Endeavor World and with our product, price, and service. a pioneer leader in the Christian En- Japan. ••• deavor movement, died on March 6, at his home in Auburndale, Massachu- Dr. J. Gordon Holdcroft, has re- setts, at seventy years of age. signed as secretary of the Korea Sun- Dr. 'Wells was born in Glen Falls, day School Association and is to take N. Y., the son of Major Amos P. W. and Mary Hannah Wells, was gradup the work of the Presbyterian Board uated from Antioch College in 1883 and served there as a Professor of of Christian training in Korea and Greek and Geology before becoming The Evangelical Press will be principal of the Arthur T. editorial secretary of the Christian Endeavor movement. Pierson Memorial Bible School of Printers of He was the author of more than a The Missionary Review of the World Seoul. In this postion Dr. Holdcroft hundred books besides the annual volsucceeds the Rev. Wallace J. Ander- ume of "Peloubet's Notes on the Sun- day School Lessons." Some well- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: son, who for some years has rendered known books were "The Missionary Manual," "The Living Bible," "A Suc- Third and Reily Streets Ha:rrisburg, Pa. most efficient service to the school. cessful Sunday School Superintend- ent," and "Think on These Things." Obituary Notes ecutive Committee of Foreign Mis~ Rev. E. H. '"Jon'"es,* for thirty-five sions of the Southern Presbyterian Sir William James Wanless, M.D., Church, died February 11, at Nashfor nearly forty years a Presbyterian years an American Baptist Mission- ville, Tenn. Dr. Williams was ormissionary in India died on March 3, ary in Japan, died in Los Angeles on dained in 1871 and thirty years later in Glendale, California. Dr. Wanless December 24, 1932. Mr. Jones is still he became Secretary of Foreign Miswent to India in 1889 and during the called by some Japanese "the St. Paul sions, and traveled extensively in the thirty-nine years that he was a medi- of Northern Japan." Since retiring Orient and in South America. He recal missionary there, he treated more he has worked among the Japanese in tired from active service several years than 1,000,000 patients and restored ago. Dr. Williams was for some years eyesight to 12,000. Young medical · Southern California. Editor of The MisHionary Survey and students from all over the country '" '" Dr. John A. Savage, who served the was the author of the book, "In Four went to receive instruction from the Continents," published in 1911. "Wizard of India," as he was called. cause of National Missions in the He had the satisfaction of seeing a Presbyterian Church for forty years, The Rev. Fr*ank* K*night Sanders, self-supporting hospital and Christian died January 1, in Franklinton, N. C. church established at Miraj, where Dr. Savage was an Afro-American, D.D., former dean of the Yale Divinthere had not been one Christian when born in Liberia 75 years ago. It was ity School and more recently the presthe medical work was started. Today his pride to build up the Church of ident of Washburn College, in Topeka, the hospital is the largest mission med- Christ among American Negroes. Kan., died at Rockport, Mass., on Febical hospital in India and includes ruary 20, at the age of seventy-one. more than fifty buildings, six branch Miss Annie H*; G'"ow'"ens, for twentyhospitals, a leper asylum, two con- Dr. Sanders after his graduation valescent homes, and the first medical five years a missionary of the Presby- from Ripon College, Wisconsin, remission school in India. terian Board in China, died in To- turned to Ceylon as an instructor at ronto, January 1. She was born and Jaffna College. He was once director Sunday School educated in Scotland. Much of her of missionary preparation for the service was given to rural itineration Foreign Missions Conference of North Supplies in China. America and a former president of the Religious Education Association. Sound. sp,n'/uu/ Miss Minnie '"Cla*rke'", who served in Virginia C. Y*oun'"g, '"formerly a mis- ~'hons of/lie East Africa since 1898 under the ~1'~!~lll'II~1 ·//onrtklllnlJm7o0mhin~lJl/iot~Jj A. B. C. F. M. died at Durban, South sionary of the Protestant Episcopal Africa, January 14. She was born at Church in the Philippines, died in Natal, South Africa, the daughter of Stamford, Connecticut, on March 14th English missionaries, and was edu~ at the age of sixty-six. Miss Young • • cated in England. was one of those who helped to per- suade the savage Moros of Jolo to sub- • mit to the American Government with- out fighting. Later she started a mis- The Rev. Henry Francis Williams, sionary agricultural sehool among the D.D., Secretary Emeritus of the Ex- Moros. After her return from the Philippines in 1916 she earried on deaconess work in New York, assist- ing girls who needed friendly advice or shelter.

ARTICLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER

The Palladium of Islam ……………………… , … , ……….. S. M. Zwemer The Origin of the ld al-Adha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard Bell American Interests in the Near East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James L. Barton Early North African Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gaius J. Siosser A Turkish Interpretation of World History ……………………… Lee Vrooman The Y. M. C. A. in the Near East.. . ………………………. Wilbert B. Smith Spiritual Results Among Moslems in China …………………… George K. Harris From Bahrain to Taif …………………………………….. Louis P. Dame The Religious Background of the Moghuls ……………………. G. H. Schanzlin The Bulgarian Koran ……………………………………. Nalanail NaziforJ Current Topics …… Boole Reviews …… Survey of Periodicals » SUBSCRIBE TODAY Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Filth A.enue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pel_oster Bulldin,., London Price In Gr.el Brllein, Eishl Shlllinss, nal I THE KING'S BUSINESS Girdles the Globe . Subscribers and Contributors In Every Country In the World Stdrk pioneer Adds, isoldted misssion stdtions, crowded, disease· infected, superstition-steeped sections-to all of these THE KING'S BUSINESS ministers. It is quite naturdl thdt out from them there should come to the pdges of THE KING'S BUSINESS missiondry articles, Hdshing with power dnd luminous with dPpedl.

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The Bible Family Magazine for the World Family Something arresting, fdscindting, moving, in every issue for every member of the fdmily! Striking editoridls and drticles of vitdl interest, heart to heart talks with young readers, notes on Christidn Endedvor topics, International SunddY School Lesson Commentdry dnd other valued Fedtures dreoffered every month.

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1931

NOT ETERNAL – WORSHIPING CHRIST IN TIlE MISSION I10)1E IN

June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE •• • iD the Dew ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, Switzerland. £ABIN £LASS June 22-26-WORLD CONFERENCE ON Trans-Pacific travel now has an STEWARDSHIP. For information com- impressive new type of low-cost accommo- municate with the Rev. John A. dation … ffEmpress" Cabin. Its spacious- Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 ness and comfort will appeal to the experi- East 22d Street, New York City. enced traveler. So will its true "Empress" cuisine and service. June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN The white Empress fleet, comprising the CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash. largest, fastest liners to the Orient, also hrings to the Pacific transatlantic size, June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE. speed and luxury. Silver Bay, N. Y. Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia June 29-July 6-GENEVA SUMMER ply the lO-day Speedway, direct to Yoko- SCHOOL OF MISSIONS AT GENEVA, hama. The huge Empress of Canada and WISC. This is an Interdenomina- the new 23.knot Empress of Japan sail via tional school and among the first to Honolulu. Both routes from Vancouver give International Religious Educa- and Victoria. All Empresses offer, ofcour.e, tion credits. It offers courses, under lnxurious First Class. Also "Tourist" and outstanding instructors, in Bible uThird." and Mission Study, Methods, Hand- craft and Parliamentary Law. For Independent travel·touring round the information address: Mrs. George world and Orient conducted tours with P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chi- Canadian Pacific's veteran "know-how." cago, Ill. N ….. Lo…-co..t S ….."…r F ..,…..! "** Fir..t Cl…… and C ….in Cl…… Ro..nd trip••. /ro". 8450 PERSONALS Information, reservationsfrom your Agent DR. S. H. WAINRIGHT, for forty years or Canadian Pacific, New York, Chicago, an American Methodist missionary in Montreal, and 32 other cities in U. S. and Japan, was recently decorated by the Canada. Emperor "for distinguished service to the Empire." That service consisted in CANADIAN giving a Christian literature to Japan. Dr. Wainright is supported by the Fran- PACIFIC .. TO TIlE cis Street Methodist church, in St. Joseph, Missouri. ORiEnT *** Wo.ld'. G••••••• T ••v.1 ,,……

CHARLES N. WONACOTT of Portland, Oregon, has been elected Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Mr. Wonacott served as associate general secretary of the New Era Movement for two years and since 1924 has acted as corporation advisor.

**"

MISS M. JOSEPHINE PETRIE has resigned as Director of Specific Work of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Over thirty-two years ago she became secretary of young people's work and was responsible for the promotion of home missions in Christian Endeavor Societies and Sunday schools.

*** REV. HENRY C. McDOWELL of Galangue, Angola, Portuguese West Africa, a missionary of the American Board, has been awarded a gold medal and an honorarium of four hundred dollars by the Harmon Foundation, which makes annual awards to Negroes who have done outstanding creative work.

*** DR. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, was operated on for hernia in Callao, Peru, on April 10th. He is expected home in New York early in May.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writ in&' to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS May, 1931 FRONTISPIECE–LlVES OVERSHADOW"D BY LEPROSY. Payo THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM ……………….•.•..••. .J. Ohadwick Jacks"" 325 The history oj how a hif.lh caste Hindu pilurim wu-s h'd to Ohrist·-an empcrience both in the change oj name and change 0/ nature.

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS …………………… Wm. M. Danner 32~ A record of Christian service in behalf oj sufferers in 'ill-any land8.

"! DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" ..•..•…..•………. Henry A. Perkins 33l"i The case for foreign 11t188icms presented by a fwo/essor of p},ysiC8 a.t Trin-ity aoUege, HMtJord~ ana copied by permission from THE' AMERICAN MERCURY.

THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES .•..••..•••.•……..•..•.. . R. A. Jal!roll 341 The report 01 a tour oj mi8si()lluwy eu;ploratiOtl to discover the needs oJ unoccupied fieZds in Malaya.

ana MOSLEMS UNDER THE AlIIERICAN FLAG …………………….. Frank Laubaen 343 A 'I11Iissionarll working wmong th(l M()hamrnwdans in the Philippines asks seeks to answer some pertinent questions.

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOU~'H …………………….. Jay fl. fltowell 349 An in.teresting account of wltat is beino done to t(~((,ch the Bible and ChdsNan truth to da·y school pupils in rural districts untouched by churches.

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA ………………………. David M. Sweets 355 The sto-ry of a notable congn~x8 hrld flY the Presbyteria'n Ohurch (~"outh) to present the claim8 and progress of foreiyn 1nissionary work.

WHEN IS YOUR BrnTHDAY ………………..•………. . Emma BeHc D. PiersO'n 361 A brief d.cscription of what hag been called ('the most remarka.ble mi8sionary enter- prise" in the world.. 8turtcd by a school boy in Australia.

THE FORWAnD MOVE~IENT IN SCOTLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald Fraser 363 A. report 01 an enet'getic and spirUual mission to awaken the ~'c(Jtch to a keener Benae of their reBpOt'lsibHity to carry out the great commission 01 Christ.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………..•••••••••••….••..•……………… 365 How lIUCH Is A MISSIONARY ","ORTH INDIA'S DEMAND FOR FREEDOM ENCOURAGIllMENT IN CHINA METHODS FOR WORKERS ………………………. EIHTEIl BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNsoN 371 WUMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………………• 376 WORLD·WIDIiJ OUTLOOK.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 BOOKS WORTH READING ……………………………………… . 399 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONAHY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPBl~R, PYf'sidf'nt W}.I. 1. CH.u,fnERl.AIN, Vice-Prcsident DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Seoretar'1l Publication Office, 3d & Reily Rts., IInrrtshnrg, WAf,TER McDoDQ,J,I" Tr{'nRun'T Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City Eutered itS second-class matter at the Post Offi(>e, Harrlsburg, Pa., under Act of }.~arch 3, lS79. OBITUARY DR. K. T. PAUL; an outstanding native 1 Chriftian of India, died on April 12th at the. age of·fifty-five. He had recently I _• returned from the Round Table Conference in London. LET YOUR GIFT Dr. Paul became an influential Indian to Foreign Missions leader as secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association of India, Burma PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME llnd Ceylon. He traveled widely in the United States and Great Britain and You can make a generous gift to foreign mislater served as president of the All-In- sions and have a needed income for yourself dia Christian Conference. and others from the money you give by the Dr. Paul resigned from the Y. M. C. Annuity Gift Plan A. in order to devote himself to the political uplift of India as a representative This plan relieves you of uncertainty and of Christian Communities. At the Round WOrry caused by changing values of invested Table Conference in London, he was funds and assures you a fixed income of trusted by Hindus and Moslems alike, and declared himself willing to have 4t% to 9% per year Christians in India merged in a general electorate. for the rest of your life ** A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarante~s the prompt payment of annuities to yOU_ ~ LEONARD WOOLSEY CRONKHITE, D.D., for many years a missionary to the Pwo Protect yourself against 1nss through Karen people of Burma, passed away on unwise inV'~stment~and at the sl'lme time February 28, 1931, at his home in Green- help send the gospel to all the world. wich, New York. For full information write ** * Erne.t F.. HoIl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Ann.atiea REV. A. E. SEAGRAVE, Baptist mission- BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ary to the Karens since 1889, died at of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Rangoon, February 6, 1931. Mr. Seagrave lived to see a remarkable expan- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York sion in the Sgaw Karen Mission, with its 200 churches and a membership of AVOID THIS 15,000. All of his four children re- MISFORTUNE turned to Burma for missionary service. "I know of no one more deserving *** of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, with.out ch.ildren to advise DR. EDWARD FIELD PARSON died March her, without business experience, sud- 8th, of pneumonia, in Peiping, North denly left a widow and compelled to China. He was thirty-three years old. settle an estate."

Dr. Parsons and his wife, Marion Who will be her advisor? Tucker Parsons, were commissioned as Who will share her troubles and rethe representatives in China of the First sponsibilities? Congregational Church, Washington, in Who will provide for her in case of 1925, at services attended by Mr. and loss of principal? Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. This can all be avoided by investing **• your savings in Annuity Agreements of the Methodist Mission Boards. MRS. IRA HARRIS, formerly of the Syria Mission, was for thirty.five years a F or further information write: missionary in Syria. She was honorably retired by the Board of Foreign Missions MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of the Presbyterian Church in 1919. A of Foreign Missions of the Methodist daughter, Mrs. B. T. Schuyler, has been Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New for sixteen years in the Punjab Mission York, N. Y., or in India. Mrs. Harris died in Lansdowne, Pa., the home of a son, on No- W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of vember 28, 1930. Home Missions and Church Extension of *** .1_ the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch . St., Philadelphia Pa. THE REV. EDWARD ASHLEY, D.D., LL.D., Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church among the Indians in South Dakota, died March 30th. He labored fifty-eight years among the Indians, translating the prayer book, many hymns and other writings into the Indian tongue.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIIVIIIlW OF THm WORLD in writin~ to advertisers. This mission hosl)itnl. J-Hni-En (<:lardf'n of COmf(H'O, IlWllk~nf'(1 the Jnpnnf>sc goyern- ment to care for l('p~rs .

LEPROSY N01' IlEReDITARY – UNTAINTED CHILDR~;N CARED FOR IN A CHRIS'fIAN MISSION HO~fE IN INDIA GLEAMS OF LIGHT FOR LIVES OVERSHADOWED BY LEPROSY

LIV, No. 😉 May

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM BY THE REV. J. CHADWICK JACKSON, Benares, India T HE Rev. and Mrs. J. Chadwick Jackson are conducting the Kashi Khristiya Sangha or Benares Christian Union, a city mission work especially for the milliorrs of Hindu pilgrims who visit Benares yearly. They come from all parts of India to the many temples; to bathe in the sacred Ganges i to gain merit by walking the sacred way; to listen to the holy gurus,' or to bring their dead to be burned on the ghats by the riverside, so that their ashes may be strewn on the waters of the sacred river and many reincarnations may be avoided.

Mr. Jackson, the superintendent of this United Mission, is a Scotch- man, formerly a missionary of the London Missionary Society and has witnessed for Christ in India for thirty-five years. Mrs. Jackson is also a devoted missionary who has labored with her husband in villages, living in native houses and living the Christ-life among the people. She dons the garb of a pilgrim to work among pilgrims on the river front.

The mission compound at Ram Katora, where the Editor and Mrs. Pier- son visited Mr. and Mrs. Jackson last year, borders on the road over which hundreds of thousands of pilgrims pass every year. They have opened a reading room and Bible shops facing this road and there wel- come weary pilgrims and tell them of Him who gives rest and offers to them the way of Life.

Five missionary societies unite in this mission to pilgrims-the Wesleyan Methodist and Wesleyan Reform Union, The London Mis- sionary Society, the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and the Chris- tian Literature Society. Mr. Jackson is not only an earnest evangelical missionary but he is active in the life of Benares, being for some years a member of the city council, a lecturer at the university and a member of the Committee for the Enforcement of Opium Laws.

This mission and these missionaries are worthy of the sympathetic and active support of every Christian interested in the evangelization of India. EDITOR.

He is a Brahman, a young man In his wanderings he has visited of medium height, with a face rath- every famous shrine in India and er deeply lined for one of his years, has picked up some knowledge of but with sparkling eyes and a brisk several languages, including Engmanner that is earnest and grave. lish. His mother tongue is Oriya 325

but he speaks Hindi fluently and sionary seemed to be an excellent it was in this language that he re- man of noble character, but he lated the following interesting handed me over to the care and story. teaching of one of his Indian work- ers whose conduct and character My parents are both dead. I made his company extremely dishave an elder brother who is a tasteful to me. I therefore rehousehold priest in my native turned to my guru in no way town. My ancestors were Kash- helped spiritually by my experimiri Brahmans. Very few of us ence, and feeling that in Christianlive so far South and it is a rule ity there was no hope of spiritual of cur caste that we shall marry help for me. So I went on discussonly brides from the distant State ing with the few Christians I met, of Kashmir. My brother, and the in a spirit of controversy and op- Raja who is our patron and who position. In a second-hand market gave me a scholarship, desired me in Calcutta, on one occasion, I saw to finish my studies before mar- a liuge pile of old books which riage, hence I am not married. Aft- were being sold by weight at a er I had reached the matriculation very cheap price. I picked out two standard in school, I was put un- -one a huge tome which was ender the care Of a guru (teacher), titled "A Commentary." Not a very learned man, a master of knowing what a Commentary was, arts, himself an eloquent lecturer, I opened it and found most interspeaking fourteen languages, and esting explanations of Bible texts. very much in demand everywhere The other was a dictionary. I for religious orations. Besides my- threw these twa into the scales and self, he had nearly a dozen young paid the price-a few annas only. disciples whom he taught and who The dictionary I sold at a great accompanied him in his travels profit, for three rupees, but the from one sacred shrine to another. Commentary I kept and read it con- We visited all the important bath- stantly, finding it most helpful in ing places and sacred temples in understanding the Bible. From India-Benares, Hardwar, Dwar- this time I read the Bible regularkanath, Puri, Ajodhya and Ra- ly, carrying the three versions meshwaram. along with me, but secretly, as I feared that my guru might know. A Hindu sadhu whom I met on Gradually my mind was changed. our journeys gave me a copy of the New Testament in Hindi, and One incident in South India I read it mainly with the desire to made a great impression on me. I find points of argument with was down by the burning-ghat Christians. Afterwards I obtained reading and meditating, when a copies in Oriya and English and poor widow brought the corpse of became much interested. I felt her son for bUrning. I saw her some desire to meet and associate great grief and felt real pity for with Christians to see their manner her. The officiating Mahabrahman of life. Once in a sacred city I left -a coarse man-came along and our party with the excuse to the said to her "Give me a go-dan (a guru that I was going to Gorakh- gift of a cow) and I will promise pur to worship Gorakhnath. In- that your son shall be born again stead, I joined myself to a Mission as a cow." as a seeker after truth. The mis-

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM

I was indignant and caught hold boys returned and wanted to enter, of his hand, saying: "Shame on but I was resolved to be alone in you! Have you no pity for the my mental struggles, and asked poor mother in her sorrow. Is this them to go away and sleep else- all the comfort you can give her to where. At about two in the morn- tell her the lie about her son's re- ing, when I was so weighed down birth? You know that you cannot that I couldn't rest, I suddenly saw control that. You are trying to a brilliant light in the room, as make profit out of her grief and though someone had turned on a are torturing her further. How flashlight. I turned to see from dare you say that a human soul whence it came, but it seemed to shall be imprisoned in an animal fill the room. As I gazed there body. Shame on you." appeared in the light the form of He repulsed me angrily. The a person, the most beautiful I have impression on my mind was very ever seen or imagined. I could not painful, showing the futility of recognize him at all, but as we Hinduism in the presence of death. were worshipers of Shiva, I won- This thought remained with me dered whether this divine being and I more earnestly read the Bi- had graciously disclosed himself to ble. resolve my doubts. But on looking A Message From God longer and more intently I saw the While I was full of these sad form of a cross on his shoulder thoughts, I sat down and placing and above it the word mukti (salthe Bible before me I allowed it to vation). Then I realized that it fall open of itself to see if I should was a vision of Christ, bearing the be guided to any special "word." It opened at the Twenty-third cross for me. Immediately I saw Psalm. How helpful and blessed what it implied, namely that what was that word of God spoken I had so often read was true. through His servant and prophet There are two crosses, the one David. It was a real message to which He bore and one which I my soul at that time of need. must bear. At that moment I de- cided that I would leave all the old My guru was called to give a life and b~ His follower. I rememseries of lectures in N—. I bered the word of God to Abrawould get away whenever possible, ham: "Get thee out of …… thy keeping my Bible tied close to my father's house, unto the land that body with my sacred thread, even I will show thee." I thought that, out to the place reserved for pri- as I had read in the Bible, having vacy, though reflecting that the become by faith one of the sons of place was impure. I often went to Abraham, I ought to walk in the the lonesome burning-ghat, to read steps of faith and leave all for and meditate, but the thought of Christ.

death and the results of sin op- In the morning I did not bathe, pressed me. We were all invited and when, as our custom was all to go to a natak (play) one eve- gathered to repeat in unison our ning, but I was distressed in mind morning chant "The Gayatri," it and excused myself. I could not was seen that I was absent. Later even eat and was left fasting alone they asked me: "Why have you in the room. I lay down to rest not bathed and why do you not but could not sleep. Very late the come to the worship?"

"I will say and do nothing until Christian man who would tell me I can have an interview with the where to go and what to do. At guru," 1 replied. last I saw a man whose dress seemed to indicate that he might Soon he called me, and 1 told be a Christian. He was a canvasshim all in the presence of the oth- er and to him I told something of ers, of my search for peace and my story. He refused to believe assurance; of my Bible reading and would not trust me at all at and of my last night's wonderful first. But when he saw my eyes full of tears he asked me if 1 had vision. taken food. I told him that for "Oh," said the guru, "It was only two days I had not broken my fast.

a dream." Then I could see that he began "No," said I, "I was not asleep. to believe me. I said: "I want nothing from you-no money, only 1 was wide awake and in my full direct me to some Christian or mis- sionary who will tell me how I may senses. I know what I saw." become a follower of Christ." "Let us discuss the matter to- "There is a very good man, a gether," he said, "you may present London Mission Pastor at – – – " your arguments and 1 will try to he replied. "His name is Aaron. meet them. We may thus arrive Go to him. 1 will speak to the guard and he will allow you to at the truth." travel without a ticket. So I went "Sir," 1 said, "how can I argue and found Pastor Aaron, a very good man in full sympathy but not with you. You are my guru and knowing a word of any of my lan- I am a learner. Between your pro- guages. So I returned by train, found learning and my ignorance, and was directed to go to Miss what a gulf there is. But to me F– at G– who knows Hindi. the vision I have seen, confirming She had, however, gone away the the Bible I have read, puts the mat- previous day. 1 then went on to ter beyond argument. 1 know what Bangalore where 1 was welcomed and very much helped by Mr. and I saw." Mrs. Marler and Mr. Small of the "Where is the Bible," he said. Theological College. On their rec- When I showed it to him, he ommendation 1 went to Benares which I had formerly visited as a took it and tore up part of it and pilgrim. 1 am happy in the Ashthrew it on one side. Then he ram of the Kashi Khristiya Sangha kicked me. preparing for baptism and training for service. The boys were enjoying the dialogue and all started making fun On Janu,arlj #, 1931 the young man, of me. whose story is here given, was bap- tized in the River Ganges at Benares, "Will you become a padri 1" taking the. name of Khristo Mitra. "Will you preach?" Since then he. has been progressing "Will you wear a suit and very well and is a great joy to US.- boots?" etc. J. C. J. I could only repeat that I would be a follower of Christ. From that moment my every movement was watched lest I should leave them. I could take no food for two days but at the end of the second day I managed to escape and went straight to the railway station, searching everywhere for some

LEPER PATIEN'l'S – A HLINn mU;A:-:[f;T AND TilE

AT 'J'U),;GKlIN, Clll:-:A THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS BY WM. M. DANNER, New YO"k S CC1°ctar1/ oJ th e A m cl"ica.n ~Mi88ion to Lepers I NA LARGE church in an east- lepers, cast out evil spirits. Freely ern city I told the story of the ye have received, freely give." needs of the lepers. After- Five specific things the disciples wards the minister arose and said, were told to do in connection with "I want to apologize to my congre- preaching. The lepers of the world gation this morning." I thought claim our attention because our he was going to apologize for the Master said-"Cleanse the lepers." length of my address, but he looked into the faces of his congregation Not long ago a friend in Caliand said: "To the best of my fornia told me that he didn't know knowledge, I have never even there were twenty-five lepers in prayed for a leper in my life. I the world. He had never given have never asked God's blessing on them much consideration. He was a leper, nor directed my congrega- surprised when he heard that there tion to pray for a leper. I apolo- were over five hundred in the Unit- gize for it and mean to do differ- ed States.

ently in the future." Many have never given much Jesus said to His disciples "As thought to the leper and scarcely ye go, preach, saying, the kingdom think of him as a human being.

of heaven is at hand." People of- But he needs and deserves our symten stop there, under the impres- pathy because he is in a class by sion that they are fulfilling this himself. What hotel would be open command when they "preach" or to him? What can he do to earn a hear the preacher. The next words living? When our Master said are: "Heal the sick, cleanse the "Heal the sick" he meant all sick 329

people but He specified "don't for- all over the world. In the Louisiget the lepers." ana hospital a canvass was taken of the patients about the kind of Dr. Victor G. Heiser, a leading Christmas gifts desired. They deleprosy expert connected with the cided that they would like to have Rcckefeller Foundation, estimates the money sent to the Red Cross, the number of lepers in the world for they thought others needed it at two million. This means that more than they did. They were one person out of every 800 on the thinking not about themselves, but earth today is a leper. The disease about others. is found all over the world, especially in hot climates. In some vil- The best advertised leper colony lages practically every person is a in the world is under "the Stars leper. and Stripes" in Hawaii. Five thou- A MODEL LEPER MISSION COLONY AT CHIENGMAI, SIAM The Congress of the United sand acres of Molokai are given States has provided a great nation- over to the lepers. Their hospital al leprosarium at Carville, Louisi- is built on a section of the island ana. Three hundred and thirty shut off by a very high mountain. live in comfortable little cottage In this colony there are 625 lepers. homes and eat in common dining There ate two Protestant churches rooms. Through the good offices of for them under the Hawaiian the American Mission to Lepers a Evangelical Board, with a resident resident Protestant chaplain min- pastor and other ministers making isters to the Protestant patients. regular visits. A church has been built for them and Billy Sunday sent them a sup- When I visited the island the ply of his song books. "Brighten lepers gave me an informal recepthe Corner Where You Are" was tion and hundreds of them were framed and now hangs over the on hand. There were two bands pulpit. These people are doing of stringed instruments, for the their best to live up to that senti- Hawaiians are famous for their ment. music. When I looked into their faces, I said, "If you people can Every year our mission sends sing as well as your bands can play, Christmas gifts to leper patients I would rather hear you sing than

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS

make a speech." Everyone smiled. 5,000. The policy of segregation The leader of the orchestra started is an important factor in stopping to play and they all joined heartily the spread of leprosy. in singing "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us." They sang three In 1874 the Mission to Lepers vers~s from memory and with in- was founded with three objectives: creasing fervor. (1) to preach the Gospel to the lepers, (2) to relieve their terrJqle Tl1e largest leper colony in the sufferings, (3) to supply theIr world, also under "the Stars and simple wants. Now a fourth has Stripes," is at Culion in the Phil- been added-to rid the world of ippine Islands. There are over leprosy. 5,000 at this well-managed colony. It is a municipality managed by In modern leper colonies the pacouncillors elected to represent the tients are taught self-support. The native tribes. The resident physi- women sew, cook, and perform cian is mayor and has the veto other housekeeping duties; while power, which he rarely uses. A the men do the gardening, weaving, minister who had been licensed to tinsmithing and carpentry, even preach in the Manila district be- building their own homes, churches fore he contracted leprosy, was for and schools. Such physical and some years pastor of the leper mental activity are important elechurch. I walked for miles along ments in the cure. streets clean and well kept-a credit to those in charge. Twenty Progress is being made in disyears ago there were 10,000 lepers covering a cure for leprosy. Chaulin the Philippines – now about moogra oil, known for hundreds of years as beneficial to sufferers from leprosy, is now given hypo- SELF-IHJLP FOR LEPER PATIENTS – WOMEN A'l' WORK IN A nICE I"IE[,n

TIIFl MISSION HO)IE FOR LEPER rA'I'IFlNTS AT F'USAN. CHOSEN dermically with encouraging re- sand dollars to apply to work in sults. Many who have been treated the Orient, it will show a much in this way have lost all trace of the larger purchasing power there disease and been free from any than in America. At Taiku that symptom of it for a period of more sum will provide permanent housthan two years. From the Carville ing for 80 lepers. Leper Colony seventy-five lepers have been discharged. Other treat- A typical Korean leper colments have been discovered that ony is not a doleful place-its ocmay help to blot out this awful dis- cupants are seemingly happy. One which we visited had games and ease. afterwards we saw the little' fields Nearly forty years ago a mission where they raise rice and fruit and vegetables, and keep themselves hospital was opened for lepers in ilsefullyoccupied. We saw samples Japan. Seventy lepers were cared of the school work they were doing, for in such an excellent manner as well as some of their industrial that the Japanese Government has work. They use a big black board established six Japanese Govern- music scale in learning to sing by ment Leper Asylums, where the note. They are being taught to lepers are given humane treatment. read, write and count. In the chap- One of the Japanese doctors, Dr. K. el the missionary gave us a dem- Mitsuda, said to me through an onstration of their proficiency in interpreter, "We are doing every- Scripture recitation. They recited thing we can to treat these lepers the Twenty-third Psalm, the Ninelike human beings." At one of the ty-first Psalm, the Beatitudes, and government asylums there was a the Ten Commandments. Some service when eight men and three can recite the entire shorter catewomen were baptized. Five of the chism and others can quote Scripleper women stood together and ture for two hours without any fervently sang, "Fade, fade, each appreciable error. earthly joy, Jesus is mine." Since leprosy is not hereditary, In Korea there are three leper it is a privilege to help care for stations under our American Mis- untainted children of the lepers in sion. When one offers five thou-

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FO~ LEPERS

separate homes. There are thirty sian to Lepers will, on request, furspecial stations for untainted chil- nish free material for such a prodren of lepers where the hand of gram. rescue is outstretched in their behalf. In every church there should be a representative who will give out The missionaries of the Church information and be the connecting of Jesus Christ are joined in a link with the Mission to Lepers, working in harmony with the con- stituted authorities of the church, and seeing that the lepers are not forgotten.

Order a metal pig bank and feed him currency, so that funds may be secured from a host of peo- ple who do not now have a part in this branch of the missionary work of the church. Over seventy thou- ~I1YAKE SAN o~' JAPAN Christiull missionarips were stollt'd away from the Oshima Colony until this .1aJ)~Ulf>8e leper callie (lnn hroll,ght from the Mission IIospitnl the Uo:spel of Chri:st:.

federation or effort, as representa- AX IlDLlN CURED OF LEPROSY tives of some thirty-three American and Foreign Mission Societies 'l'his boy faced a life of suffering or Boards, to do this work. The until he came to the Mission Hos- Mission to Lepers is the tie that pital, received treatment. was trained binds them together in the world- for Christian service, and returned wide work for lepers and their chil- cured to his home in southern India. dren. The Mission aids one hundred and fifty leper hospitals in sand of these banks have already forty countries, but the world-wide been sent out. work is made possible only by the help of those who stand back of Pray for the lepers. these missionaries and this organi- It is our opportunity thus to zation. share in the modern fulfillment of Christ's command. One way to help this work is to use a program to tell the story Oifts may be sent to the American Mission to your own church or to other to Lepers (Fleming H. Revell, Treasurer) 156 churches where you may be speak- Fifth Ave., NIJW York. . ing. If people become interested, they will help. The American Mis-

FROM ASIA*

Opportunities in Persia tieth anniversary of the School for U NHEARD-OF-CROWDS are the Blind. Voluntary Bible study attending evangelistic meet- in boys' middle school is increas- ings. This is a new develop- ing. Chinese leaders and missionment in a Moslem country. There aries are rejoicing in working tois increased demand for schools gether at common tasks in momenfor young women. Dormitories tous days.-Rev. E. E. WaUine.

at Men's College, Teheran, are Tension in China Relieved crowded. One new building imperative. Hospitals are under- Nanking conditions much imstaffed.-Cablegram from Rev. W. proved over last year. Future A. Groves, Ph.D. Christian work hopeful. Conver- sion President Chiang relieving From Syria anti-religious tension. Time ripe for strong advance to win China More pupils than ever! Mos- for Christ. Only possible home lems request J.iission schools. Med- Church continues support with ical work Deir-ez-zore opens up prayer and money. Any retracdistrict along Euphrates. Direct tion now would cripple work, jeopevangelism entering Moslem terri- ardize success. Depending on your tory Sidon Presbytery. School and loyalty.-Rev. J. Russell Chandler. book store stir youth of Aleppo.

Hama with 85,000 unmanned. Punjab Mission Faces New India Send reinforcements. Insure ex- In the midst of the gigantic turpansion. Come. Give. Pray yeo moil of India in 1930 our schools, -Rev. R. C. Byerly. hospitals, bazaar chapels, our vis- Greater Freedom in Iraq iting in zenanas and homes, our colleges and theological seminary Iraq open to Gospel as never b~­ and our preaching of Christ have fore. Word of life preached dI- gone steadily forward. There have rectly to Arab Moslems in Bagh- been baptisms among the higher dad; Mosul, Hillah, Kirkuk, to classes-more numerous and prom- Kurds in Dohuk. Pray that the ising than in any year since the Holy Spirit will apply the message pioneer era of missions. A new of life through crucified and risen sense of the reality, the immediacy Saviour to hearts of these people and the total inadequacy of merewho are lost without Christ.- ly human means in making India United Mission in Mesopotamia, by safe for her new freedom has Rev. A. G. Edwards. opened the hearts and minds of Message from South China men and women as never be- fore. May God stir the American Today in South China: Marked churches until the man in the pews evangelistic opportunity. People gets the vision of this unparalare uniformly friendly. Disorder leled opportunity. Never has there is decreasing. Christians are rais- been a more open door to Christ in ing endowment to celebrate for- India than now.-Rev. E. D. Lucas, • From the Pre/51Jyterirm lYorld Ne'll}8. Ph.D .

334

"1 DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MlSS10NS"*

BY PROF. HENRY A. PERKINS, Hartford, Conn.

Proie880r of PhY8ios in Trinity Oollege. Recently Returned PrQ'm a World Tour (' T .1 DON'T believe in Foreign ability and character as the rest pf Missions. The heathen are a us, though, considering the altru- lot better off left to their istic purpose of their job, they are own ways, and their own religions as a whole somewhat more unself- suit them best." ish than we are, and as they must Thus the man who also says that learn, and learn thoroughly, one or it is a mistake to educate the Ne- more difficult foreign languages, gro, that America can keep out of they may average a little higher in world affairs, that the French are intelligence than those whose only a frivolous people and the Japanese speech is American. The best type dishonest. He believes such things is made up of the kind of person just as he believes billboards. He who, when he has found something has of course never visited a mis- good, is possessed of a consuming sion, and probably never even met desire to pass it along. There really a missionary. If he has travelled, are such people, and the best mis.

his opinio·ns have been formed by sionaries have gone out to China, other tourists like himself, or by India and Africa because they actu- the remarks of some chance ac- ally want to share the best things quaintance doing business in the of our civilization with those who Orient. His impressions of mis- haven't got them; they are old sionaries, who usually travel sec- fashioned enough to believe that ond-class, are derived from observ- child marriage, exposing superflu- ing them from the serene altitude ous infants to die, devil worship of the first-class deck. and so on, do not oontribute to the Though foreign missions had a happiness of a people.

very respectable beginning with Of course, there are many sorts St. Paul, though we owe to mis- of missionaries. Some are eminent sions much of the early exploration scholars whose work on the lan- and development of the continent, guages, literature and religions of and though we have been a great the people they live among has been missionary people, one hears that of large value. Dr. John Chandler, missions are harmful-first, be- of Madras, is such a one, and his cause they unsettle the lower class- work on the dictionary ,of the Tamil es; second, because they introduce language, under the auspices of customs and diseases which are the Indian government, is of great destructive of primitive peoples; importance. Everyone recognizes third, because they give the native his value as a philologist, at any a religion to which he is not suited; rate. Other missionaries are men and fourth, because missionaries of such intimate knowledge of na- live luxurious lives, not in harmony tive peoples and their ways that with the ideals of a religion of governments consult them with re- self-sacrifice. gard to colonial policies; such were Missionaries are as varied in the Humes of Bombay and Ahmad- nagar. Still others are great teachoa~c~':.~~':.~~~ ~~b,!'.:'~~:··;~~l.from The Ame"';- ers like the late Dr. W. A. P. Mar- 335

tin, of China, who adapted the Dr. Raman, of Calcutta, is one of Chinese characters to· the demands the world's ablest physicists. So of modern chemistry. China may some day tell us how to unlock the energy within the atom, At the other end of the scale or make some {)ther discovery of there are ignorant missionaries, vital importance. The Chinese are bigoted missionaries, unkempt and fully our equals in intellectual powunsavory missionaries, who were er, and to withhold our learning perhaps failures at home, or would from them, or from other highly have been if they had stayed there. intelligent peoples, would be as- They form a most unattractive suming a serious responsibility. minority, corresponding to similar minorities among politicians and Nobody denies the value of eleteachers, let us say. They may even mentary education for all, and the do harm, though considering that missions are doing what they can they usually find their own level to provide it, even in the jungles of among the much more hopeless out- Africa. In India, and even in China, casts of lands of poverty and mis- it might seem as if this was the ery, it is hard to see how a desire government's job, and that misto improve conditions-which even sionary effort was superfluous. But they must ·have-can be wholly to educate an almost wholly illiterwithout some benefit to the com- ate people numbering hundreds of munity. Even a worm can elevate millions is a Gargantuan task, and a lump of dirt if he puts his mind the Indian government has only to it. scratched the surface so far. If a province needs a thousand schools As to the missions, as organiza- and the government provides but tions, their purpoges and methods ten, ten more supported by the misare as varied as the churches they sions represent 100% gain. . . . represent, and the individuals who compose them. They all want to Other forms of education fosconvert the heathen. That goes tered by missions are training without saying, but they do much women in improving conditions in more than that-very much more- their homes, in the care of their and their ways of approaching the children, and in all forms of hycommon goal are as different as giene. Such work is not spectacis to be expected, and perhaps de- ular but when the result is seen to sired. be good by other women, the new ideas spread ·of their own accord The Missionary Purpose with ever-increasing momentum.

Conversion is far from being the It is a curious fact that everyone, only purpose of most missions. even the most banal objector, They aim at educating the people. seems to believe in medical mis- There are countless schools, col- sions. Hospitals in a city which leges and even great universities have had none before, doctors in founded and supported by mission- lonely outposts where only native ary effort. Whether it is worth medicine men have hitherto pracwhile educating the Chinese, for ticed, seem like rather obvious huexample, in the theories of modern manitarian activities for the folscience may seem debatable to lowers of the Good Physician. The some, but Japan has certainly pro- appalling diseases of the tropics duced eminent men of science, and and orient, and the advanced stages

"I DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS"

to which they have usually devel- are sometimes reproached for usnped before the doctor sees them, ing healing as a means to converwould be a stimulus to the most sion. Well, what of it? The Foundblase medical man. Moreover, even er of Christianity seems to have those who hold that idol worship given His sanction to this practice. is as good for the heathen as Chris- A fourth activity of modern mistianity is f.or us will hardly argue sionary enterprise is agricultural that native medicine is as good as and industrial enlightenment. This ours in curing the natives' diseases. is not yet as common as the other branches I have discussed, but Such medicine is either magic many missions are beginning to pure and simple, with spells and help the farmers in improving incantations to drive out the devils their methods of cultivating the who are supposed to cause all ills, soil, in securing better seed and in or else it is a pseudo-science of breeding better live stock, while strange drugs and crude surgery. others are very active in teaching A root that happens to look like a the natives how to make and sell man has curative powers; tigers' articles of their own handicraft, claws, ground-up pebbles (any peb- thus helping to preserve beautiful ble will do), and other equally ab- designs and forms which are besurd remedies make up the phar- ginning to disappear in competition macopceia. A few valuable herbs with our own machine-made prodknown to native doctors have in- ucts. The University of Nanking, deed been discovered in Asia and in and some branches of the Y. M. C. the tropics, and have been gladly A., as in Hyderabad, India, offer accepted by our physicians, but in good examples of agricultural eduthe main their medicine is worth- cation and research, while such less compared to ours. Their sur- schools as the Congregational Misgery is even worse, for they haven't sions of Sholapur and Madura in the faintest inkling of aseptic India illustrate industrial training. methods, and it is common to encounter such perverted ideas as the What Are the Objections one prevalent in China, where the pus from a boil or other form of Now we come to the objections. infection is deliberately forced back Do missions unsettle the lower into the body. classes? Of course they do. They make the ignorant eager for know- Medical missions, with all their ledge, and knowledge is always unbeneficent activities, are the direct settling. They make them want result of the evangelistic spirit. better homes, with more pay to Very few doctors, qua doctor, provide for them. To prefer cleanwould have felt the impulse to liness to dirt, wholesome food and practice healing in distant and be- enough of it to a few beans or a nighted lands. They are more apt handful of rice, is awfully disturbto crowd into cities already well ing to the status quo. Small wonder cared for, so that even our own that those who employ native labor rural districts are beginning to suf- in China or India, Java or Angola fer. But doctors imbued with the complain bitterly of the evil inmissionary spirit go where the need fluence of the missions! It makes is greatest, and many are as able all the difference whether you want practitioners as those who prefer a to get something out of the native more remunerative practice. They 2

at the I{),west possible cost, or that seems good in Ohio was also whether you want to give him a mistake, because both our cloth- something that is going to make ing and our homes are inimical to him better, regardless of cost. their health. But one should for- Of course, if one really believes give something to those pioneers that people who are used to grind- who longed for homelike surround- ing poverty, pestilence and famine ings, and remember that they gave are better off as they are, then all they had, even life itself, for an there is nothing further to be said. ideal. It was wrong to lay violent But if one admits that these things hands upon such of the native ways'

are always and everywhere evils, as were innocent, but they did not then one must regard the dissatis- understand, any more than anyone faction which results from a desire else at that time understood, that for better living conditions, better clothes may sometimes be harmful, food and better health as a neces- and that nudity may be more mod- sary consequence, though more or est than an evening gown.

less temporary, ·of a justifiable ef- The Impact of the West fort to create a self-respecting peo- ple, able to take its proper place The mISSIOnaries cannot be among the brotherhood of nations. blamed for the disastrous impact The objection that missions have of Western civilization upon the introduced ways of living out of blissful islands where, if we are to harmony with the native environ- trust the novelist, child-like happi- ment and that they kill off the ness once prevailed. Nor can we aborigines by giving them our dis- lay at their door the rapidly dimin- eases is undoubtedly true in some ishing birth rate among pe{Jples cases, notably in the South Sea doomed to extinction because they Islands. But it is only a half truth. have lost all zest for living. This The manners and practices of our is one of the inevitable tragedies of civilization would, of course, have progress, like the fate of the Amer- reached these islands through trad- ican Indian under the "protection"

ers in any case, and their worst of the American nation.

features, disease, strong drink and Today the enlightened mission- various kinds of depravity, have ary recognizes all these considera- been actually introduced in this tions and modifies his early preju- way. So, since the worst features dices to meet the true needs of his of our culture were inevitable, the flock, even to the extent of dis- importation of a few of our better couraging clothes where they are standards and ideas through the harmful.

missionary was the least that could The relative merits of the great be done by way of recompense. religions of the world is too large A New England meetinghouse a subject to enter upon here. All amo·ng the palms of a tropical is- have claims upon our respect. . . .

land is certainly incongruous and But the fad remains that, lofty a fit subject for the mirth of the as these religions may be in their ungodly, but it is a relatively harm- primitive purity, they lack one or less misfit. Making naked savages more essential features of an ideal dress in the styles of New England religion. Buddha's teachings were was a grave mistake, and teaching atheistic. Confucianism is really them to live in the kind of house not a religion at all, but a system of

morals. Hinduism is grossly poly- much to be desired. So even Mo- theistic, and Mohammedanism is hammedans are a proper field for obviously lacking in the higher Christian missionary enterprise, forms of spirituality. Even with and, a fortiori, the adherents of such limitations these creeds at other religions, increasingly so as their best can produce fine qualities we descend the scale of ignorance.

of character and conduct and true If the converts from these non- beauty of soul among some of their Christian religions did not gain in adherents. But these form a mea- self-respect, peace of soul and gen- ger religious aristocracy in contrast eral intelligence after their con- to Christianity, with its power over version, one might still argue that all grades of intelligence and all so- degradation and fear are best for cial strata. the degraded and fearful, but such There are countless millions of is not the case, as anyone must ad- adherents to the great religions mit who has compared the converts just named, and to others less im- of almost any foreign mission with portant, . . . but an overwhelming their unconverted neighbors. The majority of these millions are ut- converts seem awakened and alert terly ignorant and the victims of by contrast, and when they are either degrading or terrifying su- members of the downtrodden, de- perstitions. Fear of all sorts of spised, untouchable outcasts of In- devils, quite undreamed of by the dia, the contrast is striking indeed.

founders of their religions, is their Luxurious Living only strong religious emotion, and the influence of that fear is appar- What of the luxuries with which ent on every hand in their daily the Christian missionary is said to lives. surround himself? Luxury is a While Buddhism, probably at its very relative term. A fur coat is best in Japan, numbers many de- a superfluity in the tropics, a luxvout and learned priests, in China, ury in New York, and a necessity at any rate, it seems to have sadly in Alaska. Noone accuses Dr. degenerated. . . . Grenfell of luxurious living because As to India, it is only necessary he wears furs when ministering to to visit the Golden Temple at Be- the needs of the fishing folk of nares, the Kali Ghat in Calcutta, Newfoundland and Labrador. The or the Great Temple of Siva and nature of one's occupation also dehis consort in Madura to see what the Hindu religion is like; reading termines what ceases to be a luxury one of the more temperate books and becomes a necessity. Formerly treating of child marriage, the evils a horse, as now an automobile, was associated with purdah, and the a necessity for a country doctor, terrible curse of caste, enables us though a luxury for most of us. to judge Hinduism by its fruits … What seem like luxuries in Amer- ica may be grim necessities in Chi- Even Islam is somewhat overlaid na, especially for a missionary with with superstitious corruptions of a family….

what its founder really taught. It The missionary family is a won- is too fatalistic and too material- derful object lesson to the native.

istic, while if it is to be judged by It shows him the respect and con- its fruits, certainly the Turks, its sideration with which we treat our leading exponents, seem to leave women, it gives him new light on

the upbringing of children, on sani- educated at great expense, trained tation in the home, and on all that in foreign language schools and goes to make for domestic happi- sent out into the field at more exness, not to mention the work pense, should incur the same risks among native women which the as those they seek to help. We do wife is able to accomplish. not put an army surgeon in the front line trenches, to share all the Granted, the value of women and dangers of the men whose wounds children in the mission, we must he is to heal. . . . revise our idea of what are luxuries for missionaries. The most obvious The home of the missionary has, "luxury" they enjoy is that of moreover, other uses than for the household servants. . . . A family missionary alone. Classes of mothliving in an American apartment ers and children, parties for old and young, musical gatherings with no servant still has numerous about the piano or the little reed mechanical servants at its disposal, organ, an occasional garden party, such as the water supply, the steam may all take place in this home, so heat, the gas and electricity, while its charm has a real social value in a cafeteria around the corner sup- elevating the standards and tastes plies occasional meals, a telephone of the people whom we believers in brings supplies to the door, and a Foreign Missions desire to help. trolley, or even an automobile, is available to shorten the time con- The Underlying Motive sumed in necessary shopping. This desire to help China or In- Deprived of these conveniences, dia, or any other great but backthe missionary and his wife would ward nation, is too complex in its have very little time to devote to underlying motives to discuss here. their real business unless they were Perhaps, after all, the desire to help replaced by native servants. Such really needs no explanation. It is a perverted use of effort would self sufficient, a deep-seated imnever be tolerated in any business pulse which we dare not disobey. concern. Moreover, half a dozen It is a very trite remark that the servants may be had for the price nations are bound closer and closer of one at home. . . . together daily as means of rapid inter-communication mUltiply. So Other "luxuries" are a comfort- that what becomes of a backward able house, an attractive garden, nation in the future is of tremencheerfully decorated rooms, good dously vital concern to us all, or beds, screens for the windows, a will be to our posterity. China's convenient kitchen, and a bath tub. ultimate destiny, with her more Some of these mean all the differ- than four hundred million souls, is ence between health and sickness. perhaps the most important, and The fact is that few Occidentals, we cannot look on with indifference especially women and children, can at her upward struggle. In this live as the natives live and keep struggle the missions are playing well, even if there were not the ter- an important part, and the kind of rible risk of such scourges as amre· civilization which that great people bic dysentery, malaria, cholera and will achieve depends a great deal the bubonic plague. If the natives on whether or not they absorb the die like flies because of such dis- best we have to offer them, or the eases, that is no good reason why worst.. men and women who have been of SOUTH CHINA. INDO _CHINA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ShQwiOIi trevel route af recent trip of R. A Jaffray OKE 01<' ~IR. .TAF'FRAT'R JOURKRYS IN I'lBARCII 01<' U:-;OCCUPIRD FIBLDS THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, South China A TR1P to Borneo and the Cele- thought was: "Lord teach me what bes has not been a missionary this means." At once this Scrip- picnic, for these lands are in ture came to mind :-HSon of man, the "uttermost parts of the earth," I have made thee a watchman unto and are dark places without a ray the house of Israel: therefore hear of Gospel Light. the word of my mouth, and give I was feeling glad, after two them warning from me. When I months' absence, to be returning say unto the wicked, Thou shalt home to settle down again to work surely die; and thou give him not in Wuchow, and leave to others warning, nor speakest to warn the the respcnsibility of the perishing wicked of his wicked way, to save souls in these uttermost parts. his life; the same wicked man shall Then the Lord gave me a most die in his inqiuity: but his blood vivid and horrible dream. I thought will I require at thine hand." that I was at home and was a (Ezekiel 3: 17, 18.) I saw the fugitive from justice. It seemed meaning of the blood spots on my that the Lord Jesus was pursuing hands, the blood of immortal souls. me and that I had stains of human What could I do to pay my debt blood on my hands. The pure white and preach the Gospel to them?

snow was on the ground and I All these days I have heard the stopped to wash away the stains. cry of the man of Borneo-"Come Then, as I ran on, I awoke. My first over and help us!" I have had ring- 341 ing in my ears by day and by night In the streets of these cities the the names of "Balik-papan! Balik- darkness that can be felt depressed papan 1 Samarinda 1 Samarinda 1" my soul. It can be dispelled only Satan's complete thraldom over the by the Light of His Word.

souls of men in these parts has Now I hear the call of great never yet been challenged by the cities like Makassar and Surabaya, preaching of the Gospel. names new to me. They ring in I hear the voice of the Great my ears all day and are in my Shepherd saying, "Other sheep I dreams at night. "Makassar!

have ….. them also must I bring." Makassar 1 Surabaya! Surabaya 1"

And again, "Whom shall I send, They represent places of midnight darkness. Thousands of Chinese are in these cities as sheep without a shepherd. The little flocks have no leader. If we can supply Chi- nese Christian workers to help save these dying churches, and to open work in new cities before long we may have a score of self-support- ing Chinese churches here.

We must also send missionaries to the interior of Borneo and the Celebes, where wild head-hunters still live in the jungle. Some day they will hear the glad sound of the Gospel, see the great Light, and be saved. We are debtors to the Chinese, the Malay, the Javanese, the Indian, the Arab of these parts, and to the pagan wild men of the interior. We must not only warn them, but we owe them a debt that we must pay. It is our duty to give them the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. To fulfil this obli- gation some one must go, and some A NATIVE OF THE CELEBES one will have to send. "How shall they call on Him in whom they and who will go for us?" Who have not believed? And how shall will open a Gospel hall in Balik- they believe in Him of whom they papan and Samarinda? There are have not heard? And hew shall Mohammedan mosques at these they hear without a preacher? And places and heathen Chinese tem- how shall they preach except they ples. The devil is worshipped be sent?" (Rom. 10: 14, 15.) there. Theatres, gambling hells, It will require sacrifice; it will and worse places, all in full swing, cost tears and blood; but it is are thronged with people of many worth while. What a joy to go races – Malays, Javanese, Boegis, with Him, to preach His Gospel Chinese, and "the wild man of "where Christ has not been n a m e d ." Borneo" from the interior.

UNDER THE AMERICAN

What Shall We Do With the Moros of Mindanao?

BY THE REV. FRANK LAUBACH, D.D.

Missionary of the A. B. O. F. M., Mindanao" Philippine [slanas I MAGINE a globe, across which for food. Columbus ventured to is flung an American flag, seek India across the Atlantic in reaching from Maine to the the face of the common superstifurthest island of the distant Phil- tion that he would fall off the edge ippines. On the opposite side of of the world. He struck America the globe paint a huge green stock- but could not get around it. Maing stretching from Spain across gellan, with incredible doggedness, Northern Africa and Southern drove southward until he pene- Asia to the Southern end of the trated the stormy, churning straits Philippines. The heel of the green at the lower extremity of South stocking and the tip of the red, America; and then crossed ten white and blue, overlap in Min- thousand miles of open sea in his danao, for here are a half million little sail boats-on and on, and Mohammedans, the famous Moro on-tearing the leather from the pirates who kept the Pacific in ter- masts, and soaking it in the sea ror for centuries. We now hold and gnawing at it for food-on and those Moros because we took them on for a hundred days. When at from Spain. How Spain came into last he and his crew did reach possession of them is a strange land-it happened to. be Mindanao tale. It begins with Mohammed -they fell down weakly upon their himself. faces and gave thanks to God that Beginning his ministry in 610, they had found a way past their this marvellously electric person- Moslem foes. Then they started ality succeeded in galvanizing his out to explore and, did ever fate followers into "the most violent play so cruel a trick I-found the explosion of human energy in his- Moslems or "Mnros," who· had tory." His cheering throngs come around the world the other pushed across Northern Africa, way and swarmed all over the and by the year 732 were in South- Southern Philippines.

ern France. If they had won the This is how it came about that battle ·of Tours, probably all Eu- twenty-nine years after the Moors rope and America would have be- were hurled from Spain, the piticome Moslem. But they lost that ful struggle began again between battle, and began a very slow re- the "Moros" and the Spaniards in treat. It required 760 years to far-off Mindanao. Spain waited push them out of Spain! The very only long enough to become rooted year Columbus discovered Ameri- in the Northern Philippines, and ca, at the battle of Granada the then she equipped a fleet and sailed last Moors ("Morns" in the Span- to Mindanao to exterminate her ish tongue) were forced across ancient foes. The extermination Gibralter into Africa. went the other way, for scarcelJ They had now become a complete a Spaniard escaped to tell what had bar to all caravans to India. Men, happened.

like animals, will dare anything The triumphant Moros were 343

hungry for more blood. When the annihilate the Moros or even to southwest monsoon began to blow, convert them. All they asked was they sent a great fleet northward peace and obedience to the law. to wreak vengeance. They swooped They never attacked first, but if down upon village after unfortu- the Moros attacked, the recoil was nate village, captured Filipinos and as quick and as terrible as possible. Spaniards, set them to cutting the It was not a flattering reputation crops of rice and corn and piling that preceded the soldiers in some them into the Mora vintas, and areas. My teacher, Data Pambaya, then, by way of reward, they cut tells me that when his grandmother off the heads of the men and first set eyes on an American solcarried off the good-looking women dier, she ran home exclaiming, for theh wives, and the children "Why they are not beasts at all; as slaves. Vengeance proved ex- they walk on two feet like we do, citing and profitable, so when the but they are tall and white I" monsoon blew northward the following year the escapade was re- General Wood made a scientific peated. For two centuries the study of Mora psychology. He Moro guns proved superior to those bought all the books on Mohammeof the Spaniards. danism, the Moros, and the Orient that he regarded as having value- The Filipinos came to expect he had a room full of them-and this scourge as a regular part of what is more he read them. Then, their yearly life. Watch tower~ instead of going directly to Minwere built, where vigilant eyes danao, General Wood spent several scanned the seas by night and day, months in Borneo, Java, Sumatra, ready to sound the alarm that the and Singapore, learning all he Moros were coming so that every could from the Dutch and English living soul might flee to the moun- rulers and from the natives, about tains. Manila had a wall around the prejudices and habits of Malay the entire city. During the nine- Moslems. When he did reach the teenth century, the Spaniards, in Moros he was able to win their common with all Europe, gained a hearts and enlist their loyalty in a tremendous advantage by driving remarkably short time. The Motheir ships with steam, and were ros, for all their bloodthirsty hisable to chase the Moro vintas from tory, are real men. If they worship the seas, but to all intents and pur- physical strength and courage, poses these Moslem pirates were they admire mental astuteness even free from all real control by Spain more; and in General Wood they to, the very last. recognized one of the keenest minds of his day. When America arrived in the Philippines in 1898, the Moros met One Way of Making Friends their masters. Our War Department, realizing that here was a It happened that the Sultan of delicate and difficult region, sent Sulu was absent when General strong men to deal with the situ- Wood landed in Jolo, but Rajah ation-Wood, Pershing, Bullard, Mudah was acting in his place, Davis, Baldwin, Bliss, Sumner. and General Wood invited the These and others not so well known Rajah to pay him a visit. The were not only soldiers, but also Rajah replied that he was ill, so statesmen. They had no desire to Wood sent a company of soldiers

MOSLEMS UNDER THE AMERICAN FLAG

to inquire after his health. When personal prowess could command.

the Rajah saw the soldiers stand- It is a perfect example of feudal- ing at attention before the house, ism. When the American troops he made a quick recovery and ac- arrived, these tribes were in a state cepted the invitation. General of continual warfare, and men Wood received him cordially, never thought of eating, working showed him about the camp, and or sleeping without their weapons.

inquired whether he would be in- Wives or children who ventured terested in seeing a machine gun out of sight without close guard work. After the gun had mowed were likely to be stolen and carried down a few trees, the Rajah be- into slavery. Life in Lanao in came a fast and faithful friend of those days was not good for weak the American army. nerves.

S i mil a r treatment won the A scourge of cholera broke out friendship of the other chieftains, about the time that the American and all went well until they were soldiers arrived, and the Moros requested to free their slaves. naturally supposed that the sol- Then they all threatened civil war. diers had brought it. They rea- Datu Ali, the most powerful of the soned that the way to be rid of the Jolo Datos', shut himself in his cholera was to kill the soldiers, so cota, or bamboo fort, which is more they watched in ambush and picked formidable than it may sound. Six on any small group that ventured feet above the ground the rocts of out of camp.

living bamboo are tightly woven One old Mora named Alandug together and covered with mud-a paid several visits to the Camp and wall six feet or more in thickness, talked with Captain Bullard.

and from this wall rise thousands Noticing that the Americans did of huge hard bamboos to a height not die of cholera, he inquired the of ten or twenty feet, covered with reason, and was told that the men thorns. Such a fort is impregnable boiled the water before drinking it by direct infantry attack, but is not to destroy the cholera germs. The proof against modern field guns. old Mora spread the news that the Wood, who was always sparing of Americans had good Mohammedan the lives of his soldiers, was prof- doctrine for they chased the devils ligate wit h ammunition. He out of the water before drinking it.

smothered this Mora fort with In a short time Moros began to artillery fire, and when he had come from all directions for medi- finished, nobody was alive save cine. Many of them drank a cup those who had fled from the fort. of boiled water in the morning- Captain Bullard has written a and drank anything they wished delightful account of his experi- the rest of the day!

ences at Lake Lanao, where he The Moros are overflowing with sought to bring order out of chaos. surplus energy, and they want Around the lake are about ninety money more than anything else in thousand Moros, divided into "an the world. So Bullard set to work infinity of" small tribelets, each building a road from the coast to more or less ruled by small chief- Lake Lanao, thirty miles inland, tains having pompous titles like and paid what seemed to them "Sultan" or "Rajah" or "Data," enormous wages. Old Alandug yet with no more power than their came first "with a handful of ugly

fellows whom we treated like kings 1906, and the tears sprang to the and handled like infernal machines eyes of the young man, "That," he ready to go off at any moment." cried, "was my father. Oh, I want The number of workers increased to write and tell General Bullard daiIy-"armed, a I way s armed, about it!" And he interpreted the stuck all over with daggers and account excitedly to his brother krises." Even bitter enemies, who, who was sitting with us. "My if they had met anywhere else father was a very good Moslem, would have fought on sight, buried and wanted all the people to obey their deadly hatred for a time, and God. And the most ardent desire worked side by side. The love of of my life is to carry out his money, instead of being a root of wishes." It was one of the tensest evil, in this case worked for peace moments in my life. I took the and progress. hand of young Adbul Gani Moor, and said: "Gani, we shall be Tackling Their Religion friends and co-workers for life, for the most ardent desire of my Now Bullard tackled their re- heart is that the Moros and all the ligion. He studied into the night world shall learn to do the will of until he could talk fluently about God." the Koran, .and then invited the priests to visit him, and amazed Among the Moros life was held them with his knowledge of the very cheaply, one's own as well as sacred book. Although they knew that of another. In Jolo (but not little about it themselves, they pre- in Lanao) a Moro who was tired tended to know everything. From of life and wanted to take the that time the Governor had no shortest road to heaven would "run trouble whatever with the religia.us amuck," or juramentado as the problem, which had always proven Spaniards called it. He would the chief stumbling block of the bathe in a sacred spring, shave off Spaniards. Bullard became such his eyebrows, dress in white, and a close friend of Hadji Mohamad present himself before the' priests Noor, the most reverend Moslem to whom he would take a solemn scholar of them all, that this priest oath to die fighting the enemies of arose in Mora. Assembly and an- the faith. Then, hiding weapons nounced that it was the will of under his clothes, he would go to "Allah hoo ta Allah" that the the nearest Christian town, snatch Americans should rule over the his weapon from concealment and Moros and tax them to one-fifth of proceed to kill every person in all their goods! Never before in sight until he himself was killed. history had a Mora paid a cent of Simply injuring this fanatic would tax to anybody! The triumph of not stop him, for he would fight so Bullard's diplomacy was complete. long as there was any life left in him. If bayonetted, he would The best educated young Moro often seize the barrel of the rifle in Lanao has become my fast and push the bayonet farther into friend and my assistant editor. himself in an effort to get nearer "My father," he told me, "was the to the soldier at the other end. very first man to urge the Moros When at last the Moro perished, to obey America." So I read Cap- the news would be carried to his tain Bullard's account which ap- relatives who would then hold a peared in the Atlantic Monthly in

celebration. As night was coming ought to see Washington, the capon, some of them always saw him itol of the United States!" riding on a white horse bound for the abode of the blessed. Ten years after Carpenter began his work, one of the great round People who esteem life as cheap- the world boats was advertising, ly as that are not safe with fire- "See Zamboanga, the most beautiarms. Gathering up all the guns fullittle city in the world !" in the Moro country proved far the most difficult task undertaken by The result of this demonstration American soldiers. The Moros was that the Moros, especially the prize their guns more than any school children, went to work other of their possessions. At planting flowers around their present every Moro who desires to homes, and tried their hand at carry a gun must have a govern- rustic paths and fountains. Govment license. It is a privilege ernor Carpenter scoured the world which all important men prize also for new ideas in agriculture. highly, so they keep the law as Plots of ground were selected carefully as possible for fear their where the Moros could see what license may be taken away from was going on, and commercial them. plants of all kinds were raised for distribution. Seeds were distrib- New Ideas for Old uted free of charge, a specialist even going with the Moros to. show Clearly the chief need of the them how to plant and care for Moros was new ideas to take the the new crops. Coffee, rubber, tree place of their petty feuds and their cotton, avacarda pears and many narrow outlook; and all governors other articles are now permanently of the Moro country have been established. wracking their brains and scouring libraries for such ideas. Gov- The most wonderful tale in ernor Carpenter of Zamboanga Mindanao is this: For the first was the most original. He secured time in the history of Islam, a Moa landscape gardener from Wash- hammedan nation is going to school ington and set him to work beauti- to Christian teachers. The Moros fying Zamboanga. Beautiful little of Lanao are eager for their boys parks began to appear like magic. to have an education, for they see Fountains, charming waterfalls, that there is no other way in which and glorious flower gardens caught they can protect themselves from the eyes of the Moros, who had oppression and exploitation on the always loved color in their clothes part of unscrupulous people. but had not thought of putting it into their landscape. Numerous Even a few of the girls are atcanals, that once had been ugly tending school. But there are mud holes, began to shimmer with many hindrances in their way. An exquisite water lilies. Splendid Indian Moslem visiting the Moros concrete buildings arose along said: "The place of woman is to clean streets, and a great beautiful be subservient to man, and if she pier crept out into the bay, bril- becomes educated she talks back liantly lighted by dozens of gilded and wants too much money, and electric lamps. When the en- you cannot keep her in her place. thralled Moros asked the reason No, it will never do to educate for all this, they were told: "You women!" Then the educated girls tell the Moros that they intend to

marry Christians because they do the beginnings of an experiment in not like the easy divorce customs adult education, rather different of Islam, and they will not tolerate from anything of which I have a second wife. For these and other read elsewhere. Old and young reasons the Bureau of Education alike pile into our schoolroom is worried about the girls whom it whenever we open the doors, and educates, and is actually refusing study how to read our paper until to accept some who apply as stu- we have to invite them to go home dents in the schools. A profound for luncheon or until darkness social change results in these girls, prevents fUrther seeing. It seems and the Bureau wishes to be sure easy to prepare Moros teachers that it is not a change for the who can extend this "folk school" worse, or perhaps lead to a war idea all through the Province, and of the sexes! so teach the Moros how to become acquainted with the events of the A Great Danger in Lanao world around them.

The danger in Lanao is not that America owes a large debt to the Moros will refuse to drop their these Moros. We made them religion, but that they will take a promises which thus far we have cynical attitude toward religion left unfulfilled. They surrendered and morals in general. Those who to America, because they trusted have been in contact with "Chris- her. We deprived them of their tian" civilization are as a rule not means of self-defense. We owe it so good as those who have been to them to see that they are not wholly free from the contact. crushed and even exterminated in the pathway of greed. If we can- Bishop Brent, while in the not help them by peaceful meth- Philippines, became so greatly im- ods, they constantly tell me they pressed with the need of the Moros will resort again to arms, and if that three wealthy society women, they do they will bring misfortune infected with his zeal, went to J 010, upon themselves and all the Philipestablished a fine agricultural pines. They still remain the one school, and almost transformed the menace to Philippine Independence spirit of that once dangerous Is- which most worries many of us. land. On the other hand, if we give Four months ago, the Rev. them the aid they need they can Donato Galia and I opened our new become mighty leaders in this part station in Lanao Province among of the world. Nobody questions some hundred thousand Moros. their innate qualities. Personally We have found them friendly be- I believe that we shall see Moros yond all expectation. We began a driving down into Borneo and Java little newspaper in the Maranao and Sumatra and the Straits with dialect, which has been well re- their boundless energy, carrying ceived and is proving a channel for the new vision of what Christ can ideas of all sorts. It is published do for the enrichment of Islam. in Maranao with Arabic letters, and with Roman letters, and in These ancient pirates of the English. Perhaps half the men of Pacific can become the key tn the Lanao can read one of these three Moslem problem in The Far East. columns, and they all wish they They have it in their blood to do it. could read the other two. We have But what will America do?

RELIG IOU:;; RIHiCNI'ION CLASS IN A COUNTRY DAY

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Director of i'lt lJ licitlf, Board of l1U1nc Mi.'fsions a,1id Church R:.rtcnsion oj the ilIf;thutiist f,;pis("o}Jul ellul'clt OUT in Wyoming a certain A small but growing army of young woman had a "flat" trained young women are today at at a rather inconvenient work in rural areas on a new promoment, for a group of boys and gram which promises to revolugirls was awaiting her arrival at tionize religious procedure for a rural schoolhouse some miles these districts. It holds out to the away. After some tribulations the boys and girls in rural areas new damaged tire was repaired but the and better opportunities in relitraveler was so belated that it gious nurture than they have ever seemed almost foolish to proceed. before had. The plan, if extended, However, her habit of persistence will bring religious nurture to milhad its reward when she met the lions of youth attending rural pubentire group of bays and girls, lic schools, but who, for the most mostly Japanese and Scotch, at a part, have no regular contact with point a mile and a half from the any church or Sllnday-sclwol. It schoolhouse. They had come to will make possible religious train- meet their teacher, both because ing for other millions of boys and they were curious to know what girls who have had only the rather had happened to her and also be- sketchy aid of untrained volunteer cause they were determined not to Sunday-school teachers for twenty miss what she had to offer. That minutes a week when teacher and thing was not any part of the or- pupil have both found it convendinary public school curriculum ient to be present. Perhaps we but was instruction in religion and can best explain by citing the exlife. periences of one day with one of 349

these modern teachers of religion. promise to rural religion. No two One morning I was met at lessons had been alike, but each one' had fitted into a consecutive series. Ithaca by Miss Viola Schuldt, a I had seen small children cut, fold, college-trained young woman with and color their own paper "winpostgraduate w 0 r k in religious dows" which were then held closely education. After an early break- against the glass of the real winfast we headed for the country, dow while the pupils named the hustled for some miles over hard things which they could see for roads, swung onto a narrow, wind- which they wished to thank Gcd. ing, dirt road, and finally reached Afterward these lists were copied the top of a hill, where we found on the paper windows. The items an ancient one-room school. A ranged from trees and flowers to group of children were awaiting cows and people. Those carefully the opening of school, and a teacher made and colored windows, with was approaching from a distance. their list of blessings, wculd be faithfully preserved and would The bell rang and for sixty teach their own lessons during the minutes I listened to a thoroughly days that the teacher was away. prepared teacher presenting, according to approved pedagogical There were drills in the use of methods, a 'very effective lesson on the Bible, for the teacher provides God as the Heavenly Father. The Bibles at small cost. One group pupils belonged to no church and learned an evening prayer. Anattended no Sunday-school; some other discussed and planned in deof them were from homes of pov- tail a Thanksgiving party to be erty. During that hour they re- given at the schoolhouse for their ceived an impression which will mothers. They gave the reasons stay with them through life. They why the items which they sugwere so intent upon the lesson that, gested should be included in the when a huge threshing machine program. lumbered past over the country road in full view of the window, One school presented a simple, scarcely an eye was turned. These but carefully planned, religious farm youth here learned something dramatization, in which practically that will make them better citizens every member of the school parand will permanently enrich their ticipated. The One Hundredth lives. Psalm was used as memory work for one group, and notebook work At ten o'clock we sped on to an- formed a part of the program for other school where a still larger all the groups. Questions as to group of pupils awaited a lesson on what constitutes religious living Thanksgiving, of e qua II y high were discussed. merit; four o'clock found us on another hilltop, completing the Millions of Americans have resixth lesson for the day, this time ceived all the religious training upon the meaning of the Kingdom they ever had in church services or of Heaven. It was one of the most Sunday schools held in some schoolinteresting days I have ever spent, house. These new rural teachers for I had been watching an out- of religion are able to carryon standing representative of a new their work in conjunction with profession putting into practical public school authorities only beoperation a program of amazing cause of the provision of New York

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH

State law making possible the re- of the salaries of the workers. lease of pupils one hour each week Methodists, Presbyterians, Bapfor religious instruction. After tists, Episcopalians and others several years of experience, the have joined and have produced the cash to make this new venture work has so commended itself to possible. parents that they sign written requests that their children shall be Rural teachers of religion are alreleased for it. Other states have ready at work in states as widely similar provisions and the number separated as New York, Pennsylseems likely to increase. In states vania, Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, where laws are different the work Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, is frequently carried on b e for e Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michschool hours, during recess or after school. igan, Oregon, California, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, INDIAN PUPILS IN A MOUNTAIN SCHOOr. AND 'J'HEIR BIBLE TEACHER In Tompkins C 0 u n t y, Miss Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Vir- Schuldt reaches each week 284 gInIa, Wyoming, and probably pupils between Monday and Fri- other states from which no reday. She is one of five such work- ports are at hand. ers giving their time to this work. Tompkins County is, in fact, one In one county in Michigan one of the outstanding counties in the trained girl was now reaching United States in the development more boys and girls each week of this ministry to rural youth. through the public schools than all It has been made possible largely the churches of all denominations by the vision and patient per- in the same territory had reached sistence of Professor Ralph Felton through the Sunday-school at any of the Rural Extension Depart- one time in the past fifteen years. ment of Cornell University, and by the generosity of the churches of In Lane County, Oregon, the Ithaca, which have provided most work was begun three years ago under the personal direction of Miss Mary C. Harding, and was

later taken over by the Lane In one school a mother reported that County Council of Religious Edu- it was the first time her little boy had cation. The first year fifteen attended a religious service, and the first classes were organized with 329 time she and her husband had attended pupils; the next year the work "church" since they were married. In grew to twenty-five classes with another district the school was made up of Czechoslovakian, Polish, Hungarian, Welsh and Scotch children, only one 508 pupils. The present plans call American family being included. Many for fifty classes with an enrolment of the children in the kindergarten could of nearly one thousand. The work speak no English, and the mothers spoke is done on released school time and only brokenly but attended a class or- ganized to teach English.

reaches legging camps and lumber These are brief glimpses of a towns as well as agricultural com- movement that is s pre a din g munities. through rural America much faster These new rural teachers of re- than many imagine. It is bringing ligion are not limited to one meth- into existence a new profession for od of work. During the summer college and normal school grad- months they promote hundreds of uates who have taken time to daily vacation schools of religion. specialize in the work of religious One worker in Illinois reported education. The field is so full of twelve such schools under her di- promise and the method of work rection, with fifty-three volunteer so economical that men of wealth teachers and nearly six hundred would do well to set aside some pupils. Seventeen of these volun- millions of dollars with which to teer workers were public school challenge communities to achieve- teachers with normal training, ment along this line of religious nine college-trained high school nurture for rural youth. The teachers, two college-trained pas- movement might then be stim- tors' wives, three pastors with col- ulated somewhat as Andrew Car- lege training, two other college negie stimulated the loan library graduates, one undergraduate, and or as Julius Rosenwald has stim- nineteen with high school training. ulated the work of elementary edu- Without such trained leadership cation among Negroes.

probably not one of the schools Thus far the churches of Ithaca would have been held and six hun- have led the country in their will- dred boys and girls would have ingness to assume the salaries of missed several weeks of consecu- these rural teachers of religion, tive training in matters of religion. while the communities in which the During last summer Miss Esther work is done have been challenged B. Cutler, a worker in Wyoming, to provide a budget for traveling had charge of eight such vacation expenses and for educational ma- schools of religion with a total en- terials. In Lane County, Oregon, rolment of 240 pupils, ranging the teaching is done largely by stu- from four to twelve years of age. dents on part time. The communi- Of her experiences Miss Cutler ties served are expected to pay the writes: salary of the teacher, while travel- Many of the children are not connected ing expenses are provided by a with any church or church school and financial campaign. In some cases their parents have no church connec- Rural Religious Education Societion. Many of the boys and girls came a long distance on horseback or in car- ties with a membership fee have riages…… . been organized among rural and

town dwellers to support this rural over, but it does mean that we canprogram of religious nurture. Na- not depend upon it exclusively to tional agencies, both denomina- provide religious training for the tional and interdenominational, boys and girls in America. The have also made direct appropria- public school is the only agency tions for this religious ministry. which reaches ninety per cent of All of these methods of support American youth, so that any comhelp, but the field is enormous and prehensive system of religious nuris ripe unto harvest. ture shculd be worked out in terms of school districts and school It has become increasingly clear groups. that the Sunday-school cannot be DRAMATIZING A BIBI,E STORY IN A CLASS IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION depended upon to fill the needs of These new workers in religious the boys and girls of America for education are blazing a new trail full religious nurture. It has for a more comprehensive plan of reached only a fraction of Amer- religious nurture for rural youth. ican youth and it labors under the Our rural regions are crying out handicaps of the "peak-load-at-a- for a great army of well qualified single-hour," the limitations of un- religious teachers, as well trained, trained teachers, and irregularity as well paid, and as sure of an opof attendance on the part of both portunity for service as are public teachers and pupils. The latest re- school teachers. The way is beligious census shows that only 44.1 ginning to open. State legislatures per cent of the children of the are breaking down some of the bar- United States are even enrolled in riers; boys and girls of our rural Sunday-school – an actual decline areas are finely responsive, and a of more than four per cent in a crowd of enthusiastic coli e g edecade. This does not mean that trained workers are crying out, the day of the Sunday-school is "Let's go!"

3

FROM THE FRONT*

Siam Christians Accept Responsibilities crease in enrollment. Reinforce- Na~ionals willingly accepting in- ments and adequate appropriacreasmg responsibility for work tions urgently needed and call for but urgently asking for more train- the earnest prayers of the home ing. All churches in South Siam Church.-Rev. T. E. Barber.

Presbytery united in supporting Guatemala Sends Greetings work in East Siam.-Rev. Herbert Lord's work advances spite erup- W. Stewart. tion, earthquakes, drought, finan- Pray for Japan's Spiritual Advance cial crisis, revolution. Believers Hokkaido, Japan, a land of un- growing in grace, volunteer servlimited opportunities for Christ. ice, giving. Marvelous opportuni- Cities of over 60,000 and 70,000 ties. Force undermanned. Mediwith no resident foreigner demand cal work extended to unserved dismission~ries immediately. North- tricts. Home needed to replace ern Star Girls' School, with every shack for missionaries at boys' teacher a Christian, had over school. New school building Queeighty baptisms last year. You at zaltenango great asset. Praise, home please study, pray and give pray, sustain budget, send best that Japan may advance spiritu- young people.-Rev. L. P. Sullenally as she has materially.-Rev. berger. Leo C. Lake. :Brazil Plans Expansion Venezuela Asks Open Door Presbyterian Missions in Brazil have produced one of strongest National Church and Mission national churches in the world, carrying on in spite of exclusion but vast interior regions still un- of foreign clergy. We unitedly touched by Gospel. Missions plan- ask interest and help in forward ning expansion Amazon Basin movement in Venezuela. Remem- and Indians Upper Xingu. More ber our building program in your prayer, money and reinforcements offerings. Pray for deepened spir- from home churches urgently itual life for Venezuela Church and needed for advance. Confident that God may open way for en- you will not fail us.-Rev. Philip trance of much-needed mission- S. Landes.

aries.-Rev. C. A. Phillips. From West Africa Colombian Government Sympathetic To the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.: Much progress is being New Colombian government by made in the old fields of Cameroun fair election is sympathetic to all and fine opportunities are opening our work. Great opportunities for in unoccupied or partially occupied the spread of the Gospel. Young regions. The church here is men and women offering them- marching forward and no insurselves for service require prepara- mountable obstacles are visible. tion. Critical financial crisis causes Continued support is urgently much distress. Schools greatly in- needed to man properly the line • From the PresblftPT-ian IVorld New8. of occupation.-Rev. R. H. Evans.

354

'J'HE WORLD CONGRESS {W CHRISTIAK }lISSIONS AT

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA The Story of the Notable CO'/1,gress Held in Tennessee BY DAVID M. SWEETS, Louisville, Kentucky Ewit(lr of The Cltr~N«-'H Observer ; BOUT 1,800 registered dele- the report. The Findings Commit- tee brought in its report at the last £". gates attended the Congress session.

on World Missions in Chat- Great enthusiasm was manitanooga in addition to several hun- fested by those attending the Condred unofficial delegates and visi- gress. tors. The large auditorium, with a seating capacity of over 5,009 Dr. J. P. McCallie, of Chattapersons, was comfortably filled at nooga, and the local committee on the night meetings. A magnificent arrangements had made adequate pageant was presented by repre- preparation for the comfort and sentatives of the Chattanooga convenience of all the delegates. churches, portraying the seventy The program had been carefully years of missionary work of the prepared under the direction of Dr. Presbyterian Church in the United C. Darby Fulton. States. Rev. James 1. Vance, D.D., chair- Each afternoon, one of the re- man of the Executive Committee ports* of the six commissions ap- of Foreign Missions, at the openpointed a year ago was read and ing session outlined the task of the immediately the Congress divided church as follows: up into thirty groups-ten in the Men's Division, ten in the Women's Has the church of the twentieth Division, and ten in the Young Peo- century enough character for its task? ple's Division-for discussion of Can it shake off its entanglements with politics, with industry and capi- • The reports of tile Commissions were pub· tal, with civic reforms and credal big- otries, and emancipate itself for its ~~s~ege i~e:u~;~kfo~f i5"2cfnat~e~y c~;1t'n~f t,;h~~~ supreme undertaking which is spir- itual? Can it clothe itself with salva- ~30~1~:;.h~li~,m¥:~~,.of Foreign Missions, Box 355

tion, and flaming with a new passion OOO,OQ() in the next eighteen for Calvary, and bearing the marks of months."

the Cross in its hands and feet, get Dr. James Endicott gave a conto its work? We are here to see. This vincing address, proving that for- Congress will mean next to nothing eign missions is of the very warp unless there issues from it a church and woof of the New Testament. born again, The report of Commission I, of The opening address of the Con- which Dr. Walter L. Lingle was gress was made by Rev. Mark A. chairman, contained the following Matthews, D.D., pastor of the First section on "Missionary Obligation Presbyterian church of Seattle. He and Motive": asserted that the answer to the question, "Why is not our ;cphrch Christ the Only. Foundation more interested in contributing In dealing with the obligations of its ,mdney and its sons and daugh- the Christian church to carry the Gos- ters to missionary work?" was to pel to the nonChristian lands we are be found in the fact that "there touching the crux of the whole prob- are 63,000,000 pagans in America, lem today. Why is it that the interest and it is harder to bring American in foreign missions is everywhere lagpagans to Christ than it is to con- ging and that gifts are faIling off? It is because the Chri·stian people are vert the heathen ….. . no longer gipped by a burning con- "I am standing on the terms of viction that men everywhere are lost without Christ. The sense of urgency, command and by the authority of of immediate danger, of a crisis in Christ, who is absolute in power salvation has largely disappeared. in heaven and earth. Christ is the Many of our preachers no longer only incarnation; there never has been one before and there never preach as dying men to dying men.

will be another. That doctrine Our forefathers believed that men would change America today in everywhere without Christ were in imminent danger of facing the wrath fifteen minutes if the materialistic .of God. Our modern world has largely crowd who are hoarding the wealth lost this urgent note in salvation. We need to restore it. We need to learn would realize it." that we are in danger not only of the Contributions to mission have wrath of God hereafter, but that here and now a world without Christ faces been decreased because "we have immediate disaster in its economic, been spending our money on our- social and international relationships. selves," Dr. Matthews said.

"The organized forces of the antichrist are doing more today to Our age is not primarily interested in weaken the arm of Christianity what it conceives to be a mere figment and to thwart its aim than ever of the theological imagination, but it before," he declared. "Communis- is vitally concerned in present losses tic theories and policies are sweep- and disasters. It is this loss of a ing the world. One billion four mighty conviction about salvation and hundred million people yet unsaved of both a present and a future disaster are lying out before us, presenting to the soul and to modern civilization a field white for the harvest. If without Christ that has cut the nerve Christians were to do the hand- of missionary obligation and enthusi- asm. picked personal work that was What has destroyed this burning done in the first century of the conviction that the nonChristian world church we could touch those 1,400,- is lost without Christ? The problem

1931J WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

here is very little different on the for- Jesus Christ. He loved us and gave eign field from what it is at home. Himself for us. All that we are to- The disease has only come to a head day, and all that we hope to be through a little more quickly on the frontier the eternal age·s to come we owe to lines. What has destroyed the Chris- Him. He wants us to tell all the world tian conviction both at home and the story of His redeeming love. He abroad is the rising tide of secularism. has made His heart's desire known to This, more than the heathen religions, us in many ways. He has even com- is the subtle foe that we must meet manded us to go and preach the Gos- abroad. In fact, the heathen religions pel to every creature. His love should are being undermined by this same be a constraining motive. His com- naturalism ….. . mand should be final with those who At one time all departments of hu- love Him. We have a longing to be man endeavor were built on a churchly Christ-like. If we really want to be foundation. But, one by one, each has like Him, we must share His desire asserted its independence of ecclesi- that all men should be saved ….. . astical control and built its superstructure anew on Ii basis of pure God's ideal for the individual is that naturalism …… Science was once a he should become perfectly like Jesus child of the church; but she has raised Christ. "Whom He did foreknow them the standard 'of revolt, and desires not did He also predestinate to be cononly to rule her own household with- formed to the image of His Son." out outside help, but also to build all His ideal for the world is that it moral and spiritual values on a secu- should become perfectly like heaven. lar foundation. Today the new reli- "Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be gion of Humanism would do without done on earth as it is in heaven." ….. the church, her sacraments and her These ideals can be realized only as supernatural revelation. Such is the men everywhere learn to know and revolt of secularism. It is Christian- love the Christ, and crown Him Lord ity's greatest enemy both at home and of all in their lives ….. . abroad. It has largely taken the nerve out of missionary obligation to a lost An appealing statement was made and dying world. by the Jerusalem Council: Since Christ is the motive, the end of Chris- If this abiding missionary convic- tian missions fits in with that motive. tion and obligation is to be restored, Its end is nothing Jess than the prothen we must show to the world, both duction of Christ-like character in inat home and abYoad, that personality dividuals and societies and nations and modern civilization will perish un- through faith and fellowship with less they are built upon the Rock Christ, the living Saviour, and through Christ Jesus. For other foundati~n corporate sharing of life in a divine can no man lay-not science, philoso- society. Christ is our motive and phy, secularism or humanism-than Chri·st is our end. We must give noththat is laid, which is Jesus Christ. We ing less, and we can give nothing more.

need to show to the world anew the Dr. S. M. Zwemer gave an admeaning of sin both in its individual and in its social aspects, to make clear dress in which he said that the that all secular foundations for the church has lost its sense of the ursoul and for society will ultimately gency of missions, its sense of the fail, to present attractively and con- adequacy of the Gospel and its vincingly the unchanging Christ as sense of the supremacy of Christ. the solution of the world's problems, and as bringing salvation both here Two gripping messages were brought by Dr. Robert E. Speer.

and hereafter. In one he dwelt particularly on the We are under eternal obligation to present day objections that are be-

ing advanced, without and within and who are groping around for the church, concerning foreign mis- the new. sions-objections no different from those which the first Christian had The scope of the Congress can to confront. be seen from the subjects assigned to the six Commissions that pre- In another address he said : "We pared and presented comprehenare facing the same problems with sive reports as follows: which Christianity was confronted at its beginning-problems dealing I. The Missionary Message and with the destiny of the human soul, Obligation-Christianity and the Nonthe personality of Jesus and the Christian Religions. Rev. W. L. relationship of Christianity with Lingle, D.D., chairman. the other religions of the world. The relationship of religion to the II. The Foreign Field-Our Misstate, to politics, to war, to mar- sionary Responsibility. Rev. D. W. riage and to citizenship, also is the Richardson, D.D., chairman. problem of Christianity now as in the beginning." III. The Church at Home-How Can It Meet This Responsibility? Dr. Speer referred to fallacious Rev. H. W. DuBose, D.D., chairman. educational ideas and said: "An idea has been evolved that educa- IV. The Pastor and Missions-His tion must not transmit anything, Place of Leadership. Rev. Wm. M. but must be evocative. We are told Anderson," D.D., chairman. that the experience of mankind in all the years of its existence must V. The Offering of Possessionsnot be transmitted through educa- Adequately Financing the Enterprise. tion. Are we to refrain from teach- Rev. A. S. Johnson, D.D., chairman. ing a language to children until they become eighteen, so that they V. The Offering of Life-The will be able to choose what lan- Missionary Recruits, Past, Present guage they shall learn? Must and Future. Rev. W. Taliaferro everyone start at the beginning of Thompson, D.D., chairman. the human race and learn all its experiences for himself? The Findings things that in the past twenty years the antichristian forces have The facts set forth in the report been attacking are the secondary of Commission I on "The Missionagencies of the church, which we ary Message and Obligation" conhad been told were what the world stitute a ringing appeal to the wanted-the schools and the hos- church. pitals. The need of the world for Jesus "It is sad to see men tearing is as great today as it was when down the old gods before they have He ascended the Cross on Calvary. found the true God, but it gives the The imperative of the Great Com- Christian church an opportunity to mission, "Go ye into all the world replace the old half truths with the and preach the Gospel to every full truth of the living God. The creature," has lost none of its old fanaticisms are dying down, force. He is still saying, "If ye and all over the world one sees men love me, keep my commandments," who have forsaken the old gods "As the Father hath sent me, even so send I you."

In dealing with the obligation of the Christian church to carry the Gospel to the nonChristian lands we are touching the crux of the whole problem today. Why is it that the interest in foreign mis-

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

sions is everywhere lagging and more be placed upon the native that gifts are falling off? It is be- church for support and direction.

cause the Christian people are no Schools which are only secondary longer gripped by a burning con- should not be continued. Recog- viction that men everywhere are nizing the evangelistic value of lost without Christ. these institutions, however, we be- The sense of urgency, of imme- lieve that the church should be diate danger, of a crisis in salva- slow to adopt a policy of establish- tion, has largely disappeared. ing no more schools and hospitals, Many of our preachers no longer but should at present strengthen preach as dying men to dying men. those in existence and be guided Our forefathers believed that men by conditions on the fields in fu- everywhere without Christ were in ture policy.

imminent danger of facing the It should be our missi()nary pro- wrath of God. Our modern world gram to develop in all our fields has largely lost this urgent note self-supporting, self-governing, and in salvation. We need to restore self-propagating native churches, it …… We need to show to the and the church at home should world anew the meaning of sin, supply all that is necessary to real- both in its individual and in its ize this end.

social aspect's, to make clear that To meet these needs there shOUld all secular foundations for the soul be an increase both in missionary and for society will ultimately fail, force and financial support. The to present attractively and con- commission estimates that a twen- vincingly the unchanging Christ ty per cent increase in number of as the solution of the world's prob- missionaries during the next ten lems and as bringing salvation both or fifteen years and an annual in- here and hereafter. crease of five per cent in mission- Our church has not undertaken ery offerings during the same too great a missionary task, and period seems to be a reasonable that we should press on to its com- estimate.

pletion as rapidly as the church Under the guidance of God a furnishes the means for advance. call should be made to all churches Conditions in the world and on our for confession of our inadequate mission fields emphasize the ur- faith, and of our lack of genuine gency of the task and call the self-denial and of devotion to our church to renewed energy and con- Lord and to His service …… The centration to the task. budget should be considered the The effective accomplishment of minimum and that churches should our missionary task means that we be called upon for additional spe- should first establish and strength- cial sacrificial gifts to meet the en the work already under way, great needs of the world as the op- then press on as rapidly as pos- portunityoffers.

sible into unoccupied areas. Direct We strongly endorse the grow- evangelistic work should be ing practice of schools of missions stressed. Institutional work, as and missionary libraries in the represented by scho()ls and hospi- Church, and we especially com- tals should be made subordinate mend schools of missions for men.

and contributory to the evangelistic We believe that there should be objective. They should more and worked Ol,lt some original plan for

the education of the Church in all sound physical condition in order its causes ….. . that the percentage of return be lessened. In the period of prep- The appeal for foreign mission aration, they be encouraged to culsupport should be grounded more tivate a balanced mental attitude largely in a portrayal of the tri- toward life, including participaumphs of the Gospel of Christ and tion in recreational activities, and that the note of defeatism should the cultivation of necessary periods not be so often sounded. of relaxation from their work. They should also be men and wom- The Pastor and Missions en of good general ability. Above all, a missionary must have a sound The pastor, being the divinely moral character and an intense deappointed overseer of the individ- votion for the Master. ual church and the recognized key to all forward movements, should In addition to trying to make the assume the responsibility of mis- missionary spirit permeate all our sionary leadership. It is the judg- homes and institutions, the Church ment of the groups that the pas- has the right to call to particular tor's leadership in missions can be fields such representatives as are made more effective if elders, dea- deemed suitable and desirable. The cons and members of our churches Church through its Foreign Miswould recognize and assume their sion Committee should have the Christ – appointed obligation to power to call a man or woman to a carry out the purpose and program field, but that individual must in of the Great Commission. How- no way be constrained beyond ever, the missionary enthusiasm in what he interprets to be the call of any church, including officers and God to that work. This is not to members, is almost directly pro- be construed to discourage volunportionate to the faithfulness and teering for the field. effectiveness with which the pastor gives missionary information and Our missionary representatives inspiration. should receive the best possible training before being sent out: It There should be greater em- was emphasized again and again phasis on consecration of self and that this training should begin in means, through leadership by pre- Christian homes. This training cept and example of pastor and should, if possible, include the obofficers of every church with firm taining of a college degree because conviction that the tithe is a debt of the necessity for recognition on to the Lord and that gifts come the foreign field. However, the afterward. main emphasis in training should be to secure a real spiritual experi- The Offering of Life ence in the candidate, since the Congress finds the main motive for Missionaries are wanted and are securing, training and sending out needed, and are being sent out to- or going as missionaries "the need day, but that there is a particular and sacrifice of Christ:' need for securing the very best possible type of men and women. These missionaries should be of

IS YOUR BIRTHDAY?

Birthday Bands and Their Remarkable World Wide Mission " H BY EMMA BELLE D. PIERSON, Montclair, New Jersey AVE you ever heard of the Gather Up the Fragments. The most remarkable mission- happy company of 6,000 donors ary enterprise in the now belonging to this Band sent world?" last year over £1300 ($6,500) in This question by a Christian lay- thank offerings of birthday shil- man in Australia was interjected lings.

into a conversation as we sat on a They work through existing mishillside overlooking the city of sionary organizations, helping mis- Brisbane, Queensland. The super- sionaries in tight places when there lative adjective caught our atten- is no money available to meet tion. Then he told us a story of a some peculiarly urgent need. Last world-wide ministry founded by a year the gifts touched twenty-four missionary minded mother and an different countries, supported impressionable lad in Australia twenty-six native Christians, ac- who became interested in working tive messengers for Christ to their and saving and giving to educate own people, and kept in Christian a boy in India. It was in the days homes and schools forty-five boys of paper shaving balls, and the and girls who had been rescued son's willing little hands made doz- from opium dens, idol temples and ens and dozens of these balls and slavery of all kinds. The original sold them, sending a goodly sum Band has increased to eighty-four, on his birthday each year to India with eighty-four prayerful volun- to educate his little brown skinned teer secretaries who send personal brother in a Christian school. Then greetings and missionaries news- the World War came and took this letters to each member as each earnest young Australian boy, birthday comes around. The sec- whose life might have been spent retary's other joyful duty is to for- in the service of Christ in the mis- ward to the central office the "love sion field. The bereaved mother gifts" that come in response to conceived the thought of perpetu- these greetings. There are no paid ating his work, by forming a Mis- officers, (postage stamps are al- sionary Birthday Band to which most their only over-head ex- everyone having a birthday might penses), but such real links are be eligible. being forged between the givers There are missionary enterprises and the needy in far off mission you can visit and see, there are lands that the work is an effective others you cannot. No buildings education.

of stone, no elaborate organiza- One outgrowth from this Mis- tions represent them at home or sionary Birthday Band is as interon the field, but they are neverthe- esting as the Band itself. One less truly adventures for God in member, a retired missionary from the realm of service. Such is the China, appreciating the cheery Missionary Birthday Band formed birthday letter received with news twelve years ago, with the motto: of the one his love gift was help- 361

ing, thought of a bedridden friend little widows who are proteges.

whom he might enroll and thus We stopped at desolate Thursday bring a new outside interest into Island where a tiny girl named his life. The invalid was Mr. Rob- "Little Lovely" is being educated ert A. Byers of Melbourne, for for God's service, enduring there thirty years a helpless paralytic, the hottest average temperature in tc tally blind and partially deaf, and all the world. In the Kwato Mis- hopelessly lock-jawed. With the sion, Papua, we saw how the gifts first birthday greeting to this inva- of the Band are being multiplied lid came a booklet telling of a little a hundredfold in the hands of the blind orphan in India whom the devoted missionaries. In Sydney Band was helping. As a visiting we met Miss Florence Young of friend read to him the story the the Solomon Islands Mission and blind paralytic was filled with a heard of several fine Christian boys longing to do something for the who are being cared for by big countless number of friendless brothers of the Band. In Kobe, blind folk the world over. He spoke Japan, we saw dear old Mrs. Jo to ten friends who joined the who carries on her work for des- Birthday Mission Band, they in pairing women; and in Shanghai turn became leaders of other bands, we visited the Door of Hope, that and eight years later this bedrid- haven for ill-treated child wives den Christian formed his birthday and street girls. All these count the Mission Band into a Mission to the Birthday Bands among their help- Blind, ministering in Bible lands ful friends.

and Far East. When God called Considering the distant out· this brave sufferer to higher serv- reaches of the Band, there is a reice four years ago, the mission in markable family feeling, a touch its seven years had raised over $21,000 and was supporting eight between the needy children and the blind evangelists, five blind Bible parent organization so close that women, and eighty sightless chil- the children themselves show in- terest in each other. Last year the dren, besides publishing Braille blind girls in China felt concern literature in many lands. for the leper children in India and Probably one secret of the suc- undertook to weave a bale of cloth cess of the Birthday Mission Band for them.

lies in its large number of organ- Mr. Byers, founder of the misized prayful volunteer workers. sion to the blind, has been called There is an immense amount of home and ill health has caused Mrs. work entailed in keeping track of Garrett, the mother of the Birthsix thousand birthdays and sup- day Mission Band, to withdraw plying tid-bits of missionary infor- from active service, but friends mation to keep alive a desire to will not permit the rare and lovely cooperate further. work to droop and fade for lack of watering with prayers and gen- On our recent missionary tour we visited several places where the erous gifts. * Band has a loving interest in the work. The Ramabai Mission, near • Jj"or fu['thcl' information write to lIr. W .

Poona, India, includes one or two .J. Tunlpy. 26 Brisbane Arcade, Brisbane, QueellslllllQ.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN

BY THE REV. DONALD FRASER, D.D., Edinburgh, Scotland T HE leaders of the newly show a Christ-like character, and united Church of Scotland attract to Him the million souls in believe that this Church has our own land who are without the now an unrivalled opportunity for Church. influencing the life of Scotland and of the whole world. Since the "The world overseas needs that Union wherever the Church is at we do so. In these days of rapid work there is a spirit of expect- change, when the forces of science, ancy that a forward movement, commerce and nationality are so with a great spiritual dynamic, profoundly influencing the world, will be undertaken by all depart- we who have most to give to shape ments at home and abroad. and guide the nations must see to it that these forces are permeated Such a forward movement has by the spirit of Jesus Christ.

been started and the preliminary "We thank God for all the ac- announcement says: tive efforts of the Church today to "We have the instruments ready overtake its task, yet we must for such a movement. We have a recognize that we have not yet Gospel of the crucified and living proved our adequacy for the enor- Lord, which centuries have proved mous undertakings to which we to be the greatest regenerative are committed. The proposed Formessage of the world. We have ward Movement is a plan by which organizations formed to meet the we may draw more fully upon our needs of the age and to carry this immense resources, by making ourmessage to all classes and races of selves more aware of the task to men. We have our own personali- which we are summoned, and the ties which, if dedicated to the power available to accomplish it.

Kingdom of God, can provide the "The method we would use is to service of men, money and prayer, issue a carefully considered Call to which will make these organiza- the whole Church. This we are tions freely active. preparing through commissions which are reviewing our respon- "What more is required? Only sibilities, and commitments and that the Church should now claim what response these demand of us. and draw upon the unlimited re- The result of their study will be sources of power which are in her embodied in a volume which will membership, and in God the Holy take the form of 'A Call to the Spirit. Service of the Kingdom.' The Call will be conveyed to the Church by "Scotland needs that we do so. a Congress to be held in Glasgow, Our religious habits and faith are October 26 to 30, 1931, at which apt to be merely a heritage from 2,000 to 3,000 delegates from all the past. They must become our the Presbyteries in Scotland will own through deep religious con- be present. Thereafter it has victions, till Christ the Lord of all been suggested that provincial con- Life, so triumphs in our personal gresses of shorter duration should and social life and controls all our relationships, that the Church shall 363

be held. These will be followed by bring definitely before the various a series of Missions of the King- meetings of their Church the purdom from town to town, and Pres- pose and value of the Forward bytery to Presbytery, when there Movement. will be presented to the Church and the whole community the call "Our hope lies in the spirit of to personal and congregational prayer which may be roused and dedication to Christ and the serv- maintained throughout the Church. ice of His Kingdom. In addition We would have the preparation of to, and in preparation for these the Call so directed by the prayers more local efforts, directed and of the Church that when it appears, prayerful study of the Call in the and is conveyed to the Congress at congregations will be essential, in Glasgow, it shall be as the voice of order to reap the maximum of ben- God to His Church. efit and stimulus. "We ask that in the pUlpit serv- "Meanwhile it is necessary that ices, and in all meetings of the a spirit of expectation and of congregation prayers may go unprayer he created and nurtured. ceasingly to God. We suggest that Already many forms of a forward prayer groups should be formed of movement are visible. In some those who shall study the. pamcases it appears in a house to house phlets and pray for the Holy Spirvisitation, which has now become more possible under a plan of ter- it, and that in the family and in ritorial responsibility: in others private devotions the Call and the in united evangelistic services, and Congress he remembered. in meetings for the quickening of spiritual life. "If all bear their part in creat- ing and stimulating this atmos- "A series of papers dealing with phere of prayer and expectation, the Church's task, its message, and we shall see such a Forward Movethe Divine Power necessary, will ment as will change Scotland, and be circulated first to ministers, and influence the whole world." afterwards to the public. Their object is to enable ministers to Are there not valuable sugges- tions here for a world-wide spir- itual revival in every Church and in every land?

THE CHURCH IN A CHANGED WORLD The Church today finds itself in a vastly different world from the one of a few years ago. Modern discoveries, new inventions, the scientific spirit, and the enlarged knowledge of the world in all its aspects have had their effect not only on the world in general but especially on religion and the work of the Church. New problems and new difficulties stand in her path. The whole world has been changed. Mission lands have also felt this impact and, although backward and static for centuries, are now changing rapidly, giving the Church the opportunity of laying Christian principles in the foundations of the new nations that seem destined to exert a mighty influence on the whole family of nations….. .

The world has changed, but the outstanding human needs remain as of yore. The world is poor, and sick, and ignorant, and sinful. Man needs a God who is Christ-like and who makes Christ·like men. The Church knows that God. She has that kind of men. The Church is the human agent by which men may come to iknow Jesus Christ, and may be led into that transformed Life.

-C. H. STAUFFACHER in The Evo.,ngelico.,/ Messenger.

Much Is a Missionary to less than one half its normal

VVorth? Chinese workers are paid in this de- preciated currency and suffer hard- Who can rightly estimate the worth ship from the present higher prices.

of a man-as a unit in society, as a Most missionaries are paid in foreign laborer, as a leader of men, as a fa- currency (gold) and receive the bene- ther, as a prophet of God? In some fit of present exchange rates. (One parts of the world a man's life is gold dollar now buys $4.50 in Chinese worth less than that of a beast-even donars in place of $2.00 at the normal before the law. On the other hand, rate.) If missionaries are paid a fixed some officers of the Bethlehem Steel rate in Chinese dollars they suffer Corporation have received over one when paying foreign obligations in million dollars a year each as a bonus gold.

in addition to salaries. The ground The general cost of living in most on which these huge payments were mission lands has advanced from 25 made was the value of these men from to 100 per cent. Since more responsi- a business point of view. The worth bilities are being placed in the hands of some men and women cannot be of the Nationals in these mission estimated in dollars and "they are fields, they are being taken into the not for sale." councils of the missions and have a Questions have been raised in for- voice in the allocation of mission eign fields and even in home circles funds. Some of them complain of a in regard to salaries paid to mission- lack of Christian justice in the dis- aries and secretaries of some mission tribution of the funds available. They boards. Some clergymen in small par- claim that since all Christians of ishes, with salaries of $500 to $1,500 whatever race are brothers, they a year on which to care for large fam- should share either poverty or wealth mes, look critically on the salaries of with fellow servants of Christ. The from $10,000 to $15,000 a year paid trouble is accentuated in fields where to pastors of wealthy city churches, students have been sent to America even where they have no large family for study, have become accustomed to to support. Self-sacrificing givers to American standards of living and on mission funds sometimes question the return to their home lands have been payment of comparatively large sal- asked to accept service in a mission aries to secretaries and treasurers of with the salary of a native worker. boards supported by these gifts. One They are not ready to return to the mission board at home will pay two standard of living they accepted be- to three times the salary paid to a fore going abroad. This issue has similar officer in another board. become accute in the Peking Union From China and other mission fields Medical College-which is not truly similar questions are raised as to sal- a mission institution and where the aries. Chinese Christian workers, policy is to replace foreign doctors with large families and small incomes and teachers with Chinese. The col- ask why missionaries should receive lege has felt it necessary to offer salaries four to five times as large. high salaries in competition with uni- The problem is aggravated by the fact versities abroad. Naturally the dis- that Chinese currency has depreciated parity between such salaries and those 365

paid to both Chinese and foreigners these plans seem to be impractical for by mission hospitals is very great. If general adoption. If God calls a Chris- Chinese mission doctors, trained in tian, like D. L. Moody or George MUl- Peking or abroad, are paid large sal- ler, to live and work without a definite aries what shall be done about the and regular salary or promised insalaries of equally well trained pro- come then He will provide for his fessors in mission colleges and pas- needs. tors of mission churches? Many Chine.se are adopting the western slo- Noone can estimate what a Godgan "Equal pay for equal work"-at called mission secretary, missionary least in proportion to living expenses. or other Christian worker is worth. Value is not measured in dollars, or Obviously the raising of the sal- we might estimate what a man should aries of nationals in various fields to be willing to take in exchange for his equal or practically equal the mis.sion- soul. Some of the practical Christian aries' salaries from foreign funds principles are however involved in dewould be impossible from the funds termining the salary basis for Chrisavailable, and foreigners' salaries tian service. could not be reduced to the standard of native workers without endanger- 1. The income for living expenses, ing health and life itself. from whatever source or sources, should be based on actual needs-for Most missionaries have no inde- health, progress, effective service and pendent resources. Experience has family responsibilities. On this basis taught that they require enough in- salaries should be adjusted to circumcome to enable them to live so that stances; those with independent inhealth may be preserved in a foreign comes would accept proportionately environment; so that they may have less-a,s some do. occasional furloughs at home and periods of recuperation; so that their 2. No missionary worker-at home children may be properly educated and or abroad-living on mission funds is so that they may be relieved of many justified in luxurious spending-or responsibilities that interfere with living on a scale that hinders testitheir mission work. A foreigner can- mony or shows a lack of Christ-like not, as a rule, live as cheaply as a na- self-sacri5.ce in the interest of His tional and maintain efficiency. Kingdom. There is a great divergence in the scale of living among mission- Foreign and Native Workers aries, even in the same field, but we are convinced that most missionaries We return to the question-How live sacrificially. As at home, so much is a man worth? How much is abroad, some Christians do not know a missionary worth? How large a the meaning of the word sacrifice, essalary should be paid for Christian pecially in physical comforts. service? What should be the ratio of salaries paid to foreign and native 3. Christian testimony and efficient workers; and to whom should native spiritual service are of first impor- Christian workers look for their liv- tance. These come before the probing expenses? lems of saving expen.se in travel, in servants, in equipment or in rest pe- It might be ideal if every Christian riods. But spiritual efficiency and could follow the Apostle Paul's exam- fruitage in service are fortunately or ple and be self-supporting while carry- unfortunately not in proportion to the ing on their mission or if they could, money spent on salaries or equipment. like Christ Himself, live on the hos- These depend on the spiritual life and pitality and free will offerings of those power. who sympathize with His mi.ssion. Some Christian workers are able to 4. To bring the churches on the do this but in this complex age both of mission fields to independence or to dependence on God their eyes must

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

be turned away from America as their Much progress has been made almoner. The sooner these national through the first Round Table Con- workers can receive their support ference and the agreement between from their own people the better it Mr. Gandhi and Lord Irwin. Now the will be. This will not hinder their All-India National Congress has met securing help according to their need at Karachi and Mahatma Gandhi has from fellow Christians in any land. shown his strength by winning the In the days of famine or other troubles delegates over to acceptance of his it is a privilege for Christians to bear constitutional program. He calls not one anothers burdens. It is important, only for Indian political independence however, not to encourage a standard but for the control of the Indian army, of living above what is possible or the national finances, the management desirable for the majority in a given of foreign affair.s and demands com- locality and not to pauperize Chris- mercial and social equality with the tian workers by making them depend- British. He still stands for nonvio- ent on foreign contributions. It is lence and passive resistance. By vote not healthy for a man to feel inde- of the Congres.s, Mr. Gandhi demands pendent of God. a constitution containing the follow- In the early days of missionary ef- ing twenty-four articles: fort, the heroic Christlike self-denial 1. Freedom of association and combiand self-sacrifice of missionaries like Paton, Gih~our, Judson and Hudson nation. Taylor, had a great effect on the 2. Freedom of speech and press. 3. Freedom of conscience and free pro- Church at home and on the natives to whom they witnessed. The same prin- fession and practice of religion. ciple holds good today-for it follows 4. No disability to attach to any perthe example set by Christ Himself. son by reason of religion, caste or creed regarding public employment in office of power or in any trade or calling.

5. Equal rights and obligations of all citizens, with no civic bar on account of India's Demand for Freedom sex.

6. Equal rights of all citizens in use Liberty and independence are quite of public roads, public wells and public distinct. A boy may, like the Prodi- resorts. gal Son, demand and secure independ- 7. The right to keep and bear arms ence only to become a slave. The Philippines might gain independence in accordance with such regulations as of America only to enter a period of may be required for public safety. economic slavery, civil strife or to become the prey of pirates and bandits. 8. Religious neutrality on the part of The most complete liberty is often en- the state. joyed in conjunction with economic and political dependence. As a mat- 9. A living wage for industrial workter of fact, none of us are in reality ers, limited hours of labor, healthy conindependent. Human relations are ditions for work, and protection against too closely intertwined and all are de- economic consequences of old age, sickpendent on God and His laws. ness and unemployment.

In India many radicals desire com- 10. Labor to be freed from conditions plete political independence, even of serfdom. though this may involve "financial and economic ruin and social slavery for 11. Protection of women workers, with multitudes. True Indian statesmen adequate provisions for leave during madesire only such freedom from im- ternity periods. posed control as will give liberty and promote national and racial progress. 12. Prohibition against employment of This liberty Great Britain is ready children of school age in factories.

to grant. 13. Right of labor to form unions. 14. Substantial reduction of land rev- enue and rents. 15. Adult suffrage.

16. Free primary education.

17. Military expenditures cut in half. 18. Civil department expenditures and salaries to be substantially reduced, with no state servant to be paid over the In- dian equivalent of $200 monthly. 19. Protection of native cloth by ex- clusion of foreia-n cloth and foreign yarn.

20. Total prohibition of intoxicating Hindus; a way to uplift the masses drinks and drugs. of India's outcastes; the release of 21. No duty on salt. women from the purdah; laws to pro- 22. Regulation of the exchange ratio tect children; the abolition of obso as to help Indian industries. scenities from religious temples and 23. Control by the state of key indus- rites; greater protection against epitries and mineral resources. demic·s due to temple tanks and lack 24. Control of usury, direct or indirect. of sanitation; and full religious lib- The congress adopted additional res- erty, so far as it is in harmony with olutions deploring the recent communal justice, and morality and does not inriots in Cawnpore and other cities, urg- terfere with the welfare of individuals ing that the northwest frontier province or subvert the authority of the' State. have the same form of government as other provinces; condemning the "for- Encouragement in Cbina ward" policy of the British in the northwest territory; advocating intensifica- In spite of many difficulties the Chition of the picketing of stores sellin~ nese National Government is makforeign goods; appealing to the govern- ing progress. One of the most ments of South Africa and East Africa encouraging signs is the recent acto give Indian settlers in those countries knowledgment of the failures and the same measure of justice they wouI!1 sins of prominent government leaders. claim for their own nationals in -a "Free They are ready to "lose face" to save India," and urging the right of Burma the country. A cable message to the to claim separation from India or to re- New York Times reports: "The fourth main an autonomous partner without plenary session of the Central Execuinterference from the British Govern- tive Committee of the Kuomintang ment. . party reported astonishing public con- fessions of nepotism, corruption, tyr- The justice and advantage of most anny and other abuses, together with of these demands is readily admitted admonitions and orders that there so that they should enli.st the support must be a basic reform in the conduct of every lover of India. Some of the of the government and of the party articles do away with ca~te restric- organization. From General Chiang tions (articles 4, 5, 6 and 10). Others, Kai-shek down, the Nanking leaders if observed, will radically change the made speeches and issued manifestoes religious .situation, will stop persecu- denouncing the failure of the Kuomintion and give protection to these who tang, as an organization, to carry out wish to be baptized as Christians (ar- the principles upon which it was ticles 3, 4, and 8). There are provi- founded. Dire threats of punishment sions against intoxicants and drugs were made against those who in the and to provide for free primary edu- future betray public trusts. cation. Nothing is included, however, to prohibit child marriage and polyg- "General Chiang Kai-shek, at a meamy, or to promote social purity. It morial service for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, is thought that Great Britain will es- made the following admissions: pecially object to the reduction of the army, the curtailment of official sal- " 'The Manchus were overthrown bearies, and the giving to the State full cause they constituted a special caste. control of key industries. But it is a But now we who staged the revolution much easier matter to put provisions for the overthrow of the Manchus into the Constitution than to put them have ourselves come to be regarded into practice. People must be edu- by the people as a privileged caste. cated to enjoy liberty or it becomes They are now cherishing toward us unwholesome license. True personal the same hatred and repugnance with freedom does not interfere with the which they looked upon the Manchus. rights of others. " 'It is all of us party members who There is world-wide interest in In- are responsible for the virulence of dia's struggle for self-government but no lasting peace or true prosperity can come until a remedy is found for_ the antagonism between Moslems and

the Communist menace in this coun- Kai-shek, as acting Minister of Edu- try. The fact that the Communists are cation, is now approaching Chinese rife bears witness to the weakness of Christian leaders to discover their the Kuomintang. That the Kuomin- view of what religious liberty would tang members should have failed to involve in Education.

prevent the people from supporting communism in certain places consti- Home Mission Convictions tutes perhaps the most serious dis- I have just returned from a month's work in the western states deeply imgrace of the party.' . pressed with the importance and value of national missions. This experience "The manner in which the Nanking has deepened in me the following conleaders are facing their tremendous victions: First, the value and imperaproblems is arousing in China a con- tive necessity of national missions; siderable measure of admiration and second, the invaluable service national approval. Even Chinese and foreign missions is rendering today· to the naobservers who have been unsparing tion; third, the increasing demand for in their criticisms of the Nanking wise and efficient Christian leadership; Government now admit that there is fourth, the absolute necessity of evidence of a new sincedty of pur- hearty cooperation on the part of the pose among the leaders. churches and other allied organiza- tions, presbyteries and presbyterials, "The Kuomintang's unpopularity synods and synodicals, headqua :ters with the masses has arisen from facts staff and field staff. There is no subnow frankly admitted by the Nanking stitute for cooperation in promoting leaders-namely, that local city and national missions. provincial Kuomintang organizations have 'insolently usurped power' and The "ambassadors of Christ" are the interfe:ed with civil and even military pioneers of our national progress, the administration. creator-s of our national ideals, the builders of our national institutions, "The Central Executive Committee the inspiration of our national spirit, now proposes a rigid control over the and the incarnation of our national activities of the Kuomintang and faith. They, more than any other men warns the local party organization to in the nation, are converting the spirit confine their efforts and activities to of suspicion into the spirit of faith, educating the people and not to med- the spirit of greed into the spirit of dling with politics or government in the future.

"Reform proposals formally adopted at Nanking as a result of the Plenary giving, the spirit of hatred into the Session may be summarized as fol- spirit of love, the spirit of selfishness lows: into the spirit of sacrifice, the spirit "All branch Kuomintang offices are of America into the spirit of Christ.

to be explicitly instructed against any Wherever the representatives 'of the encroachment upon the rights of the Church go, the home is proteEted, the people. Administrative and judicial school is established, the church is authorities are enjoined against mak- promoted, the hospital is supported, ing arrests or appropriating property the community house is encouraged, except by due process of law. Officials the court is fostered, and the state is and Kuomintang membe.'s violating defended. Let us, then, go at the task these instructions will be punished not with a renewed determination to work only under the Criminal Code but a1so together, work to win, and to make by heavier punishments, especially whatever sacrL'ice is necessary to win prescribed." America for Christ.

It is stated that General Chiang JOHN McDOWELL. 4

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~l # ~ ttt' ~ ~ '"C" t ~ ;l.t- ?I I ~ . ~I ffi :fi !t ~ trJ.

~ PROTE CT YOUR F'OOD ~'ROM ~' LIES KILL INS~JC'l'S THAT SPREAD DIShJAShJ j8iJkmJ ~m ~~2.I~WDH …,.-, •I II NEVER WASH VEGETABLES IN A RATHE YOUR CHILD AT REGULAR TIMES DIWl'Y BROOK GOOD HEALTH POSTICRS FRO",,! KOREA Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, who has .been visit- These Health Posters are now also used ing the mission fields in Asia, has sent a in China and Japan. They illustrate how number of posters which the Korean disea se is carried by the fly and mosquito school children made under the direction and how this may be prevented. They of the Child Welfare Department of the illustrate lessons in the care of children Evangelistic Social Center of Seoul. and in personal hygiene.

370 EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Usable methods for missionary which sets off the heavy rice diets of workers in Child Welfare and Child- these countries. It is also quite rich Health Centers all over the world, in in fat and mineral matter, and last, America as well as elsewhere. The but not least, it is much cheaper. A bean milk recipe referred to later wa,s bottle of cow's milk costs ten sen given in the June, 1930, issue of this whereas a bottle of Soy Bean Milk Department and the fact mentioned oosts two sen. that it was secured in China. Later, Miss Rosenberger of the Social Evan- It has been used very largely in gelistic Center in Seoul, Korea, our work at the Social Evangelistic adopted it. ,From Persia and other Center, Seoul, Korea, as a supplemenfields letters are coming asking for tary feeding, and also as an entire spedfic information concerning its food. For the latter it must be modiuse. To know that little starving fied, and this modification will be given "tummies" are being filled and little with the recipe at the end of this feedbodies are being relieved of suffering ing method. We have even fed one because of this simple method of world case of marasmus on the Soy Bean communication, gives joy to this De- Milk. partment. The picture of before and after us- THE SOY BEAN MILK AS A FOOD ing it will illustrate the success. This baby was brought from an extremely By E. T. ROSENBERGER, R.N. poor home where there were five chil- dren-the father totally blind, the Child Welfare Dept., Social Evangelistic mother half blind. It was a case of Center, Seoul, Korea giving the baby the Bean Milk or let- Having received letters from dif- ting it starve, so we immediately comferent countries regarding Soy Bean menced feeding it and watching it Milk I am giving in these columns a very closely. It gained a pound the full explanation of the p·eparation, first month and the second month likeuses and benefits of it. wise. Then for a time during the winter there was a standstill, but the In the first place it is a fact that pictures will show the results of this the diets of Oriental countries are not attempt after one year's Bean Milk suited to the proper nutrition of young children because of the lack of milk feeding. in them. Milk has been found to be The Soy Bean as an important food the foundation of all foods f.or growing children in all countries. How- dates back to remote history. It is ever, cow's milk is not available in all said that it appears in the Chinese of these countries, and it behooves us Materia Medica of Shen Nung in the to find a substitute. This substitute year 2838 B. C. China to this day has been found in the Soy Bean Milk uses very little dairy or meat products, which has been perfected by Dr. Er- but they have lived for centuries on nest Tso of the Peking Union Medical a diet remarkably well balanced by College. It takes its place so highly the use of the Soy Bean. It is said because it is so very rich in protein that Buddhist monks consecrated at birth to the priesthood are carried 371

through the entire period of childhood add 20 grams of starch either from on the diet of the Soy Bean curd. rice or corn. This is cooked in the same way as you would prepare corn- We feel that it is one food which starch pudding. Also add 60 grams we should encourage to be used for of sugar and 1% grams of calcium small children in Korea where the lactate and one gram of table salt to mortality rate is high and the chil- this mixture. The calcium lactate is dren have such an inadequate diet. It BEFORE FEEDING SAME BABY A FEW MO~THS LATER TIlE EFFECT OF FEEDING A KOUV,AN BABY f;OY BEA:, )fILK is one food that we can safely advo- best added while the milk is cold or cate, make and use because the price else after the mixture is boiled or it is not prohibitive. might curdle. It should be first mixed with a little cold milk and then added. Soy Bean Milk About the same quantity of this 1. One part beans well washed mixture as cow's milk is use::! to feed the babies-according to their caloric 2. Eight parts of pure tap water requirements. No child should have more than 1000 or 1100 c. c. a day of 3. Soak over night this milk. In a little baby it may pro- duce frequent stools, which should be 4. Grind through native mill well watched under a doctor's care. Cod liver oil should be part of the 5. Boil whole quantity five minutes. feeding from the beginning of the use of Soy Bean Milk-at first 6 to 8 6. Put through sieve-the result is c. c. per day and gradually increased milk . to 15-20 a day.

Beans should be half milled and skins removed, if possible.

Additional rwte: To each liter of Soy Bean Milk (1000 c. c. or 32 oz.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

(We have rece.ived at least seventy- first few times she had grown calfive requests to publish the following loused. That, and the stupor that effe.ctive China pwylet.) came from exhaustion and starvation, dulled the quiver and the hurt of be- "NOBODY WANTS" CHANGES HER ing "Nobody Wants."

NAME PART 2 By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER She shivered, drew her ragged gun- ny sacking coat around her and re- PART 1 marked to brother, "The winds of the Southland must have come from our A family of Chinese famine refu- own North Country." gees from the far, frozen, starving North Country struggled around the "And who but you would be bringcorner into Stone Arches Street that ing them, the one Nobody Wants, inled past the Loving Heart School. deed!" he answered scornfully. Their torn padded garments were patched with gunny sacking, their feet But some one was passing by just bled through the straw sandals tied then and the little girl knew it beon with rags. The father and mother, hooved her to bring some coppers into gaunt and worn, each carried a staff the family exchequer or she would and a begging bowl which they held have to be moving along again. out to passers-by on the cobbled street. With a grace the rest of the children "Nobody Wants" was a bit thinner somehow could not achieve, she began and more ragged than the rest of them her little begging dance, running bebecause she didn't belong to them at side the passer-by with sliding side all. She had been following them for steps, one, two, three, and a kneeling a few days as she had followed one curtsy, with her hands held together after another' group of just such wan- in petition, repeating this dance movederers as these, in the long wearisome ment to the accompaniment of her trek from the North Country where little pleading chant: famine had stalked them, and the bitter winter had hounded them to the Some coppers, please, Southland where winter was not so Rich scholar of ease! unkind, and where the rice fields did Your blessings will grow, not fail to feed the fortunate South- Your merit increase, ern Chinese folk. Thus happiness sow, Some coppers, please. Her own father and mother and laughing baby brother the cruel fam- Brother pounced upon the coppers ine had taken those months ago that that the passing gentleman threw her, seemed so many years. When father but "Nobody Wants" scarcely noticed at last had not answered her call, she it. For suddenly, she heard from fled in terror from the tiny house that within the big black door opposite her had once been so happy, but was now the sounds of children's laughter. so still and cold and haunted. Stum- She stopped while the rest of them bling along a frozen road she had wandered on down the street. Quietly joined her first band of refugees she crept to the gate, and cautiously southward. pushed it open a crack so that she could see inside. Of course they had not wanted her. You could not blame them. They al- Children, within a grassy yard, such ready had too many mouths to feed, happy children! and all of them were hungry. So before long she had joined another "Ai! They are playing 'Cat catch group of wanderers, carrying with the mouse.''' she explained, old memher from one band to another, the ories stirring. only name she had heard these many months, "Nobody Wants." After the They were laughing like she and baby brother used to laugh. She dropped down on the stone step to watch them better.

A child put her head outside the her and sat down beside her on the gate, and cried in surprise, "Why, step. look who's here 1" "But where are your big people?" "Nobody Wants" instinctively asked another child. dragged her tired little body from those comfortble steps and began her "Nobody Wants" shook her head little dance and song. and her eyes filled with tears. "The great hunger took them. And so all Some coppers, please, the other 'big people' I follow call me Rich lady of ease- 'Nobody Wants.'''

"I'm not a rich lady," laughed the "Ai, ai," all the children crooned in girl gaily, "but, oh, how pretty you the sympathetic Chinese way, and do it! Love Pearl, Bright Flower, gathered close around her. "We're so Virtue Gold, and all the rest," she Borry." raised her voice delightedly, "come, come quickly!" "It must be that she is hungry, since she has no 'big people:" Love "Nobody Wants" kept on with her Pearl cried, "How could we not think fetching wee dance and tuneless little of it?" song, as the other children gathered and opened wide the gate to watch "She can have a bowl of my rice," her! said one.

"Ai, ai!" they clapped their hands. "And one of my bowls," echoed an- "How pretty!" other.

"It's prettier even than any our "Mine too," cried another and an- Kindergarten Sister-Teacher teaches other. the tiny ones," said one. "If she has no 'big people' she has "Teach us how," Love Pearl cried, no place to go," Bright Flower said. all enthusiasm. "Oh, stay with us," several of them "Yes, yes, do, please, little sister," chorused. "Our school is such a happy they all echoed and gathered around place." "Nobody Wants" patting her and welcoming her. "See," they pointed to the words over the gate. "Its name is the School Their affectionate welcome had of the Loving Heart. It is a Jesus made her f.orget to be shy. She began school you know," as if that explained to do her steps very slowly so that it all. they might see how she did it, chanting her little song the while. They "She can share my bed and my all tried to imitate her, with more or downy comfort," said one very pracless Buccess, laughing over their awk- tically. ward attempts, until finally they did it quite well and in unison with their "No, no, I want her to sleep with little chant. me," said Love Pearl.

Very suddenly "Nobody Wants" sat "No, not every night. She must down and the children noticed that take turns," cried another girl. she was faint. They gathered about her solicitously. "You come from the "See, little sister," Virtue Gold North Country, don't you?" they aBked turned her face about withgenUe her as she rested. "We know from hands. You aren't "Nobody Wants" your speech." any more. You are "Everybody Wants." '''Nobody Wants," nodded her head. "Yes, everybody wants 'Everybody "What's your name?" asked one of Wants,''' the rest of the children them. danced about her, saying the words delightedly. "Nobody Wants," said the little refugee. "But your 'big people' may not want me," the old te "ror coming back Virtue Gold put her arm around to the little refugee.

"Oh, but you do not know how lov- ing they are, the other country teach-

er, and our Big Sister Teacher!" Love Persons required, 2 tall 'teen age boys, 3 'teen age girls, 1 junior boy Pearl assured her. (Dr 2) at least 6 junior girls. "They will love you and teach and Famine Re/ugee.s-Father, mother, care for you just as they do for us,"

said Bright Flower. "You see they at least two children, a boy and small have the Jesus-love in their hearts." girl with a large doll strapped to "Yes, and didn't they tell us about mother's back. "Nobody Wants," a the famine? We've been saving our girl of about 10. This group dress in coppers to send to the North Country, ragged gunny sacking, much patched for oh, such a long time!" coats, worn over overalls tied about "And now the N·orth Country and at ankles with rags.

the famine come to us," the rest of Passer-by in the long coat of a Chi- them finished for Virtue Gold. "Please nese scholar, a young Chinese student, stay with us, Everybody Wants." in khaki or regular Western suit.

"Yes, everybody wants you." They SchooL chiLd7'en in light colored made a little song of it. coats, worn over trousers. Here over- alls will serve but left free at the Then they all noticed suddenly the ankle. Young American and the young Chinese women teachers standing arm in American missionU7CY teacher in orarm in the doorway where they had dinary clothes. been listening to the conversation and nodding to 'each other, smilingly as Chinese teacher in a dark skirt, and light colored Chinese jacket.

they listened. . Setting-A double door between Love Pearl jumped to her feet, and two rooms could be used to represent giving a signal to the other children, the school gate that opens upon the they joined her in the little dance they street, with high compound walls on had just learned, singing as they each side. The doors should open in, danced. with at least one step constructed per- Everybody want her, haps from a long low box. If actual Dear teachers, please. doors are not possible in the center back of the stage, then screens may Your blessings will groW, be placed to represent compound wall, Your merit increase. with a double door made of hinged screens for the gate before which the Thus happiness sow, action takes place. Everybody wants her! A simpler form of the pantomime "Yes, indeed r Everybody wants could dispense with all of the refugees except brother and "Nobody Wants" her," the other country teacher and with Part 1 read as a prologue, the the Chinese sister teacher said to- action beginning with Part 2. gether. 3. As a play, with children taking They stooped down and helped the part in the dialog as well as the action. little refugee to her feet, and the Here, too, Part 1 might be read as a children gathered about her, affection- prologue with children taking the diately leading her inside the gate. As alog and action in Part 2. Or proit closed after them, they were sing- logue and reader may be dispensed ing, with entirely, and the children work out their own dramatization after they She changed her name, have mastered the story, which is the Everybody wants her approved pedogogic method. The very Everybody wants her! simple dance and tunele·ss little song This story may be presented in three ways, 1. As a story told simply, but dramatically. Time required 10 minutes.

2. As a pantomime, with the story which can be a pretty feature should told or read by a reader, while the be mastered but should not take long action is enacted as described. to learn.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE EMERGING EAST in Gujerati, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil and Urdu. Each copy was eagerly By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY passed around to reach a large group of happy children. Within the last The Christian Literature Society year a new expansion has taken place in its circulation. An Indian pub- The Christian Literature Committee lisher has been found who is willing of the Federation of Woman's Boards to take over the publishing and disof Foreign Missions came into being tribution of various editions if the in response to a great need about fif- Committee will simply pay for the teen years ago. The Foreign Mission cost of translation. We now have ar- Boards were faced by the need of rap- ranged for a Telugu and a Burmese idly growing Christian Literature edition and are in process of arrangcommunities 'throughout m iss ion ing for one in Bengali. lands for books, good books, adapted to different ages. We had taught boys Romance of Finance and girls to read but after they had learned the art they had nothing to Through a Memorial Gift of $500 read. As a result, not infrequently given by the delegates at Northfield they lapsed back into illiteracy. it was made possible to begin a maga- zine for children in Burmese; a When the demand for Christian widow gave enough to establish as a books adapted to the use of women Memorial to her husband and daughand children became vocal, the Wom- ter an edition in Gujerati; a misan's Foreign Mission Boards moved sionary society in memory of two dethrough their Federation to supply voted member·s, mother and daughter, the need. The first Chairman of the furnished the money for the first year newly organized Committee was Miss of the Telugu edition; a devoted Epis- Alice M. Kyle of Boston, a woman of copal woman, in memory of her mothvision and faith who continued to di- er, provided for a translation of the rect the affairs of the Committee un- Tamil edition in the country of Bishop til her death in 1930 and who. ·saw the Azariah; a local Federation provided funds for this work increase from for the furnishing of a Christmas proabout $400 to $10,000 annually. gram for all the Sunday Schools in China. Children's Periodicals A Christian Magazine for Africa The Committee decided to publish monthly magazines for children and the home. Happy Childhood, a chil- Soon after the Jerusalem Conferdyen's magazine was the first to be ence an International Committee was published in China. There followed organized to study the situation of a magazine in Japan-Shoshoki. Then Africa in regard to the supply of The Treasure Chest was established to Christian books. As a result the Exbe published in English for India. AI- ecutive Secretary, Miss Margaret most as .goon as it was published the Wrong, came over from England in demand arOse for its publication in the intere·st of the Committee. She the various languages of India. was able to persuade that great mis- Quickly it was expanded to be issued sionary and wonderful writer, Jean 376 Mackenzie, to undertake to edit what was expected at first to be a bi-lingual magazine, half of each page in Eng- lish and half in French, but it was later found that the French wanted the magazine in their own language in the French and Belgian colonies and in West Africa, so Miss Mackenzie will edit the magazine in English for circulation in British East Africa and other British African colonies. The financing of the French magazine and its publication will be arranged for in Paris. "HAPPY CHILDHOOD" COMES TO The Committee on Christian Litera- THE MISSION ture was asked by this International of devout women were abundantly Committee if it would stand behind worthy of our support. The Comtheir venture. The Committee decided mittee took action, and the needed to venture out in faith on this new support is to be sent on. enterprise, and pledged itself to give $1000 toward it during the first year. The case of the Antorcha Missionera in Mexico was likewise investigated.

A Providential Preparation It was found that by incredible cour- age and enterprise the Evangelical The hand of God was so clearly group had brought their magazine for seen in thus providing funds for the the Christian home almost to the point Committee to make this new venture of self support, and that a little help of faith. It has been not less clear in would put it on its feet. This money other forward steps. A year ago last was sent-and so the story goes. July there came a request from the Everywhere there are opening doors, Christian Literature Committee of everywhere clamant needs. Korea for help in establishing a magazine for children which should do for Book Translation the children of Korea what Happy In various fields the way has opened Childhood was doing for the children to p~ovide, often by special gifts, for of China. The resources of the Com- the translation and publication of mis- mittee did not justify our attempting sionary books. The Young Adven- this unless fresh sources of income turers was translated into Chinese as were found. This was explained at a Memorial to Mrs. Cronk, the author.

Northfield, and at once a lady gave The translation of A Straight Way $500, another $300, another $100 and Towa1'd Tomor1"Ow was financed by the the remainder of the $1000 needed to Central Committee for the United underwrite the magazine for three Study of Foreign Missions. A transla- years was raised. The magazine, en- tion into Chinese of From Jerusalem to titled The Child World, began publi- J enlsalem was made possible by the cation in July, 1930. personal gift of the young lady who In Buenos Aire·s. Argentina, a little for more than twenty years has man- group called the Women's Evangelical aged the office of the Central Commit- League was formed, which among tee. Another gift made possible a other things published a Christian Japanese translation. The Adventure magazine for the home. The earnest of Prayer has gone into Chinese and enthusiastic little paper, glowing with Burmese. One Girl's Influence by .Rob- spiritual power, needed a small sub- ert E. Speer, after going through num- sidy to widen its sphere of usefulness berless editions in English, has been about $300. After consultation with translated into Japanese, and has al- Dr. Inman we found that this group ready gone through nine editions.

Plans for Expansion THE OHUROH ON THE MARCH With all these opportunities for ex- Florida Chain of Missionary pansion facing the Committee it was Assemblies decided that more money must be had. A campaign was arranged that shaull By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY plan for parlor meetings and lunch- "Ye shall be my witnesses." In ac- eons in as many centers as possible in cordance with this, a group of fourteen order to bring before the public needs witnesses, missionaries from the ends for Christian lite "ature. The National of the earth, and Christian leaders, Christian Literature Committees in started on a three-week campaign in the different mission lands were ap- Florida, beginning January 16th in pealed to for the names of books, na- West Palm Beach, proceeding to Mi- tive or translated, which were geatly ami, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Clearwa- needed by their countries. These lists ter, Orlando and DeLand, with various have already been received. They are one-day stops in important centers.

appealing, overwhelming. They range The entire expense was met by $1.00 all the way from books on the nursing registrations in each center and vol- and care of children through books untary offerings. There were approx- about the cooperative farm movement imately four thousand registered, and in Denmark, translations of The at least one hundred thousand were Greatest Thin.g in the World, The Life reached by approximately nine hun- of Booker T. Washington, The Story dred missionary addresses. In addi- of Invention, The Teaching of Primary tion, there were radio addresses in Arithmetic, An Introduction to the larger centers, and talks before col- Bible, Life of Christ for Children, leges and public schools, with thoupackets of colored Bible pictu "es, pro- sands of students.

grams for Easter and Chri-stmas, Pil- Among the speakers were: the Rev.

grim's Progress, village booklets and Robert H. Glover, M.D., F.R.C.S., head all sorts of brief tracts. The most am- of the China Inland Mission; Dr.

bitious request comes from Mexico for Royal J. Dye, of the Christian Board, The Prodigal Son in large cisar type from one thousand miles up the Con- for children, using the pictures of an go, at Bolenge; Rev. Harper Brady, Egyptian edition. They can print ten Presbyterian Board South, and of the thousand of these in a first edition Kingdom of God Movement with Kag- for $1000, also a book of stories from awa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Kim, of the Bible with colored pictu'-es which Korea, and Miss Abellera, of the Phil- will cost $2000. ippine Islands, exemplified in their The prices of these various projects own personalities the power of Christ run all the way down from $2000 to in the Oriental woman; Rev. McCoy $500, $300 and $100, also to leaflets Franklin, of Crossnore School in the that can be printed for $10, $25, or mountains of North Carolina, also $50. brought bird songs which he whistled The Committee plans to have a list to the delight of the young and old; of these special gifts printed for use Helen Barrett Montgomery conducted at the luncheons, where sample copies the study on the women's textbook f()r of the various magazines, books and the coming year, "Christ Comes to the leaflets will be displayed. Village"; Dr. Walter Lingle, Presi- It is hoped that in addition to adopt- dent of Davidson College, North Car- ing these various personal project:;: olina, and Dr. Glover gave the morning many will sign the cards making them- Bible lessons.

selves annual, special, sustaining, or In addition to the hour for the chil- life members of the Committee fer dren in the assembly, Mrs. Henry W.

providing Christian Literature to Peabody conducted a forum in each Women and Children in Mission center, on "The United States Senate: Lands. Diagnosis and Remedy," showing the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

reasons for lack of enforcement. An- ship listen, and begin in every state other interesting forum discussion was and city a new pragram,-not af lis- led by Miss Ann McIlvaine, of New tening, but of witnessing?

York, assisted by Dr. Rosalie Morton and the Rev. Mr. Joroszewicz, of Po- INSTITUTES AT CHAUTAUQUA land and Russia. The World Court Home Missions, August 16-21 received attention, and twenty thousand names were signed to petitions The Home Missions Institute at to be sent to various senators, urging Chautauqua is this year. coming af its adoption. The World Court and age. It shauld be the best so far. Law Enforcement are not only prab- The twenty-first session will be held lems at home, but, with the "shocking from Sunday, August 16th thraugh moving pictures exported from this Friday, August 21st. Arrangements country, make a problem for foreign for the pragram are rapidly nea '"ing mIssIOnaries. Resalutians endo'sing completion.

President Hoover for his layal and The opening address an Sunday firm stand on the Eighteenth Amend- afternoon will be made in the Amphi- ment and its enfarcement were sent theater by Rev. John M. Moore, D.D., from every center. a former General Secretary af the The public press gave first-page Federal Council of Churches and au- news and pictures. Local committees, thor of this year's major home mis- of outstanding representatives of sion textbaok. He will remain through wamen's organizations, made each the week to conduct the 3: 45 forum center a delightful experience. The hour in the Hall of Philosophy. Amonj!

morning prayer hour, with faculty and the well-known speakers who will ap- city committees, added to the power pear at this hour are Rev. Charles of these meetings. Farty-five states Stelzle and Dean Lucy Slowe of Ho- were represented, furnishing a crass- ward University.

sectian of America. Chambers of Com- Mrs. Dan B. Brummitt will again merce and Men's Clubs, with organiza- lead the home missian study hour in tions of women, welcomed the speakers Smith-Wilkes Hall at 8: 45, using Dr.

at their luncheons, and business men Moore's book, "The Challenge of have testi5.ed that this has been ·a Change." The class in juniar meth- great ble·ssing to Florida. The larg- ods, again in charge of Mrs. Ethel est auditoriums have been taxed with Holmes Munsey, will meet the second great audiences of men and women; period in the Hall of Missions.

the outdoor forum in St. Petersburg, The literature display, which last with three or fuur thousand on the year evoked expres·sions af warm ap- park benches, listened eagerly. At preciation, will be assembled by Miss the dramatizatiun in St. Petersburg Sarah E. Bitner.

.of the hearing before the Congres- The hour immediately following sional Judiciary, of the Woman's lunch proved last year to be quite sur- National Committee for Law Enforce- prisingly popular and well attended.

ment, the auditorium was filled to. ca-' It will be devoted this year to in- pacity, and as many turned away. formal discussion of some of the vital Business men declared that this dram- topics of the present day and to ad- atization should be given in every city dresses by missionaries. Special fea- and town for its educational value. tures of the week include daily chape1 When the church begins to witness, talks, denominational rallies, the re- as Christ commanded, instead of sit- ception at the Hotel AthemEum and ting in pews and listening critically other opportunities to meet with the to sermons, we shall see the great re- missionaries visiting on the grounds.

vival, which will be missionary. Other Circulars announcing the Institute states are asking for a chain af as- may be secured from the office of the semblies. Will not our church leader- Council of Women for Home Missions,

105 East 22d Street, New York City. There will be classes in methods and story telling, with exceptional oppor- These may be used in letters or f.or tunities for preparation for the work of the coming year. distribution in churches to stimulate FLORENCE G. TYLER. interest and invite attendance. The CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF most effective publicity, however, con- MISSIONS sists in the personal commendation Afflliated with Federlltion of Woman'. Boards of .Foreign Missions and Council of Women and invitation of those who have at- for Home Missions.

tended the institute in other years All without symbol are afflliated with both Federation and Council. and who realize the exceptional op- 'Baltimore, Maryland-October 13-15. portunity it affords for the training Mrs. Arthur C. Day, 542 Radnor Ave., Govans, Baltimore, Maryland. of leaders in the local church. It can- Bethesda, Ohio-July 13-17. not be too emphatically stated that Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, West Virginia. churches within a reasonable traveling 1 Beaumont, Texas-August 12-20. distance should carry in their budgets Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin, Beaumont, Texas. an item providing for one or more Boulder, Colorado-June 16-24. member·s this week of leadership train- Mrs. J. Roy Smith, 1045 South Uni- versity Blvd., Denver, Colorado. ing. Class work is relieved by ample • Chautauqua, New York (Home)-Aurecreational facilities for swimming, gust 16-21.

boating, fishing, tennis, golf and auto- Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, 234 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, New York. ing. The best artists in the country 1 Chautauqua, New York (Foreign)- appear at the amphitheater concerts August 23-28.

in the evening. Honorary Chairman, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Above all, the atmosphere of Chau- Rochester, New York. Acting Chairman, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, tauqua is av.owedly Christian. The 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N; Y.

fellowship is inspiring, and from a Dallas, Texas- Mrs. George A. Brewer, 4301 Edbrief stay may result lasting friend- mondson, Dallas, Texas.

ships. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD. 'Dallas, Texas (Negro)-September 28- October 2. Foreign Missions, August 23-28 Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., In planning for the Foreign Mis- Dallas, Texas. sions Institute at Chautaqua this coming summer several outstanding speak- De Land, Florida-February 3-6, 1932. ers have already been secured. Dr. Mrs. William J. Harkness, 415 East Oscar Buck of Drew Seminary, Madi- New York Ave., De Land, Florida. son, New Jersey, who is at present taking part in one of the mission sur- Houston, Texas-October 12-16. veys in India will deliver a series of Mrs. W. E. Ferguson, 1519 Hawlectures on India, giving special em- thorne, Houston, Texas. phasis to rural reconstruction and the work of the Rural Reconstruction 1 Kerrville, Texas- Units. Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgom- Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin ery, Honorary Chairman of the Insti- Ave., Beaumont, Texas. tute, will lecture on the- woman's textbook, Christ Comes to the Village, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 29-July by Mary Schauffler Platt, and Mrs. F. 6. I. Johnson, who is at the present time touring the mission stations of the Mrs. J. A. Leas, 3731 Clifton Ave., Orient, will be the presiding officer, Chicago, Ill. and will bring to the institute a varied program with dramatic presentations, and a number of speeches by nationals of different Oriental countries. Missionary women will find it a great advantage to spend the week of August 23d at Chautauqua.

Minnesota (Minneapolis, St. Paul)- Seabeck, Washington-July 20-31. June 1-5. Rev. Fred Grey, Sixth and University Streets, Seattle, Washington, or Miss Mrs. W. C. A. Wallar, 304Q Dupont Faye A. Steinmetz, 310 Y. M. C. A. Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. Building, Portland, Oregon.

Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–Au- Silver Bay, New York–June 26-July 6. gust 1-6. Rev. Walter Getty, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., Oak- land, Maryland.

Mount He1'mon, Cali/ornia–July 4-11. All include home and foreign missions except Mrs. W. E. Crouser, 1128 Lincoln Northfield, Chautauqua and the Florida Schools. Ave., San Jose, California. 1 Affiliated with the Federation only. New Orleans, Louisiana-Some time in • Affiliated with the Council only. Autumn. • Conducted by the Council.

Mrs. L. D. Chaffee, 1920 Audubon RAOIAL MINORITY SOHOLARSHIP St., New Orleans, Louisiana. Mount Holyoke College is offering 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Home–July a Racial Minority Competitive Schol- 6-13. arship of one thousand dollars ($1,- 000) for the year 1931-1932, to a Mrs. Frelon Eugene Bolster, Ham- Negro girl, preferably a student ap- mondsport, New York. plying for admission to the Junior Class. Award will be made on the 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Foreign)- basis of scholarship and personality. July 13-21. . Letter of application should be Mrs. James M. Pratt, 135 East 74th handwritten, and should contain state- St., New York, N. Y. ments in regard to age, educational experience, and special interest. Ap- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma- plications for this scholarship should be made by May 1, 1931 to Miss Har- St. Petersburg, Florida-February 1-6, riet Newhall, Executive Secretary to 1932. the Board of Admission, Mount Holy- oke College, South Hadley, Mass. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d Ave., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Angeles)- September 21-25.

Mrs. W. S. Dysinger, 1419 6th Ave., Los Angeles, California.

1 Warren, Ohio-September 22-23. FOR TRIPPERS Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. Trips around the world are being planned by travel bureaus which have Wilson College, Chanwersburg, Penn- as their special interest Wo"ld Friend- sylvania–June 29-July 7. ship. There are trips to Europe which Miss Martha C. Hartman, 233 S. 44th include the unusual privilege of meet- St., West Philadelphia, Pa. ing church women there who hold important positions of leadership. Winona Lake, Indiana–June 24-July 1. There are trips to the Orient, to Mrs. Frank Jensen, 1114 West 81st Africa, and to South America which St., Chicago, Illinois. include visits to many interesting mis- sion stations and points of interest The Florida Chain of Institutes, be- not seen by the average tourist. If sides St. Petersburg and Deland, includes you would be interested in taking a Miami, Tampa, Orlando and Clearwater. trip and finding out first-hand what Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is chairman; the church is doing in industrial, Miss B. Louise Woodford, state chair- international and interracial improveman. All will probably be held between ment, or in making a trip abroad count January 15th and February 8th. for WorId Friendship and Under- standing, write to the Federation of Missionary Education Movcmcnt Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions for further information on this sub- Asilomar, Cali/ornia–July 6-15. ject. Mrs. Clara L. Walberg, 1501 St. Al- bans Road, San Marino, California.

Blue Ridge, North Carolina–July 29- August 7.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, 933 Wood- ward Building, Washington, D. C.

ORLD.WlDE

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC visitor to Honolulu often must, through the throngs of clean, pretty, Strange Cults ot the South Seas bright-faced oriental children on their way to or from school, any prejudice CURIOUS beliefs and cults still ex- he may have is disarmed. ist in the South Sea Islands. A man who had killed his eighth victim Nevertheless, they have brought by an intricate process of magic was their religions with them. Shintoism discovered by the people in a village is there, and Buddhism. The task of not long ago, says the Southern CT088 the Hawaiian Board of Missions grows Lo.q· of the Melanesian Mission with this influx of non-Christians from (Church of England). The mission- the Orient. aries testify that in some cases lin inexplicable evil power is exerted and Union High School ot Manila the victims die from no observable cause. Before the missionaries came, A YOUNG missionary made the the people would have killed the ma- statement that during his four gician when they discovered him. In years' acquaintance with the Union this case, they bound him and sent High School he had come to believe him aboard a labor recruiting ship that no greater opportunity of helpthat came along, with instructions ing students to form Christian charnever to let him return to that island. acter and right attitudes toward life presented itself than is to be found in Dr. C. E. Fox, principal of a Melane- the life of the Union High School. sian Mis,sion school at Ugi, has found survivals of an ancient cult of shark Union High School was started in worship on some of these islands. 1919 in connection with the Union Among other customs, the people bury Theological Seminary-a natural detheir dead in the sea, weighting the velopment resulting from the demand feet with stones. The sharks are be- for higher education in every profeslieved not to touch them. sion. There has been a steady growth from fifty students in the first year The fear of vengeful ghosts, evil to over 450 at present. To meet the spirits, and other powers of evil, is a demands of splendid young men and very active influence among these peo- women who are working during the ple who await the power of Christ to daytime, a night school was opened set them free. in 1923 and has at present 150 stu- dents. The Melanesian Mission has a printing press, operated by an Englishman The school seeks to produce men with native helpers. In the course of and women of character, and to this a year they turn out hundreds of little end it has introduced course,s in the Prayer Books, hymn books, and other Bible into the regular curriculum. In religious material, in three or four addition there is a chapel service three tribal languages. times a week.

The Lovely Hawaiian Islands As its name implies, the Union High School is a union enterprise having H AWAII teems with the life of all as its cooperating missions the Pres- . the races except the African. No- byterians, the United Brethren, and where else is there so little of race the Disciples. The student body is prejudice. When one wades, as the very cosmopolitan. Statistics of a 382 year ago reveal that there were in at- for the summary volume of the 1926 tendance 172 Catholics, 92 Presby- Census of Religious Bodies, shows terians, 38 Methodists, 23 Christians that at least 62 of every hundred adult or Disciples, 14 Aglipayans, with a church members belong to a Protes- sprinkling of adherents from other tant church, while 30 are Roman Cath- Protestant churches, while 60 reported olics, and six are Jews. Women pre- no affiliations at all. The school is dominate in church membership; 48 very cosmopolitan in another way for per cent of the males of the country its students are drawn from nearly over 13 years of age, and 63 per cent all the provinces of the Philippines.- of the females being members.

Donald Dean Parker, in The Philip- There is no state in which either pine Presbyterian. Jews or Roman Catholics constitute a Changing Formosa majority, but there are nine southern states in which the Protestants make ABOUT ~ixty years ago Formosa's up more than half the population. In fi 'st four converts were baptized Utah more than 82 per cent of the and one of the four, Ko Tiong, be- people are members of the Mormon came a pioneer preacher. He married Church. a Christian aboriginal; two sons became Christian doctors, one a devoted Sunday-school enrollments have not minister. A nephew, born in China, been increasing as much as formerly. In 1906 the pupils in Sunday-schools and bearing' an appropriate name, were equivalent to 40 per cent of the Kimseng-meaning "Golden Voice," youth population under 19 years of is now a brilliant church leader. He, age. By 1916 this per cent had too, married a Christian aboriginal. reached 48, but is now 44 per cent.

Of their sons one has recently com- The Roman Catholic Church has de- pleted his medical· studies in Japan, clined in the number of Sunday-school and has settled in Tainan City, For- scholars, but there has been a large mosa. increase in enrollment in parochial The church in Formosa is still schools.

small, but its growth is marvelous. Within recent years there has been Twenty years ago all the men of influ- a tendency for Protestant bodies to ence and wealth were heathen. Today combine. Between 1916 and 1926 no the leading men, the men of letters fewer than 18 denominatIons were in- and of means, are Christians.-Pres- volved in mergers.

byterian Messenger. The Church and the Liquor TraJlic NORTH AMERICA rJ'HE Presbyterian Church has gone Facts About American Churches 1. officially on record with a declara- OUT of every hundred persons over tion that the saloon must never come 13 years of age, in the United back; that the United States Govern- States (according to the Census Bu- ment must not go into the liquor busi- reau), there are today 55 church ness; that the liquor traffic has al- members, (of all sects-Christian and ways been lawless and corrupt; that non-Christian) as there were ten and the liquor situation before prohibition twenty years ago. Only 52 per cent was intolerable; that the prohibition of the rural population belongs to law still has the support of the ma- church as compared with 58 per cent jority of the voters of the United of those in cities. Forty per cent of States; that the church supports the the Protestant ministe"s are not Eighteenth Amendment in the interest graduates of either college or sem- of childhood and youth; that there are inary-most of them in the south and no youth anti-prohibition movements; west. that prohibition has aided the cause Dr. C. Luther Fry, who prepared of social well being; that prohibition the official analysis of church figures has not been the chief cause of law-

lessness; that the law is not religious times that for benevolences. The per but economic; that, all law restricts capita for benevolences had decreased and limits personal liberty; that it during those seven years by thirty- is difficult in the light of the cross to six per cent, and the per capita for talk about personal liberty; that the current expenses had increased by church cannot see at present any sub- thirty per cent. Many objects classed stitute for prohibition which will as benevolences are not missionary so- make for a better solution of a traf- cieties, but "service agencies," phil- fic that has always refused to obey anthropies and cultural or educational any law that has sought to put it un- agencies. How much of our giving der social control; that government to the church is really for others, and control as in Canada is not a success how much for ourselves?

and is not acceptable to the people of the United States, who do not look Tuskegee Jubilee T with favor upon government control HE fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Tuskegee Normal and f.or even legitimate business; that a return to state control would be but Industrial Institutes by Booker T.

a return to the old lawless conditions Washington was observed in Tuskegee which made the Eighteenth Amend- April 10th to 15th. Dr. M. Ashly ment inevitable; that the church is Jones, whose father was chaplain to willing to listen to proposals for a General R{)bert E. Lee, spoke to a large better substitute for prohibition, but audience, comprising both Negroes that so long as no adequate substitute and whites, his text being "The Car- is available the church must set itself penter's Son." Dr. R. R. Moton, is as a flint against any weakening of principal of the institute.

the present law. The Rev. Ben Brave, a South Da- The declaration was adopted unan- kota Indian, who was president at imously by the Administration Com- Hampton of the Wigwam of which mittee of the Presbyterian Board of Booker T. Washington was house fa- Christian Education in executive ses- ther, put a wreath on Dr. Washing- sion in Philadelphia. ton's Tomb.

Self-Support and Giving to Others Other addresses were given by Bish- op R. E. Jones of the Methodist T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Church of New Orleans; Mrs. Vir- gious Research has issued a report ginia Adams Driver, the first graduon "Trends in Protestant: Giving," ate of Tuskegee and Thomas Elsa from carefully collected statistics. In Jones, president of Fisk University. 1913 and 1914 the gifts for local ex- penses in the churches of eleven de- Berea College T nominations were about three and HIS unique institution, with over 2,500 students, stands at the gatethree quarters times the gifts for benevolences. During the war period way of the Appalachian Mountains the amount for benevolences increased, where live 3,000,000 hardy descend- so that gifts for local expenses were ents of pioneer Scotch-Americans.

less than twice those for benevolences. The campus, farm and forest land Since 1920 the ratio has tended stead- comprise 5,600 acres and the college ily back to that of 1913-14. The includes 82 departments with over 200 "benevolence,s" include many gifts for workers. Free tuition is given to the educational and other philanthropic impoverished but earnest students, all objects which do not depend on the of whom contribute to their support missionary boards of the churches. In by working at least ten hours a week.

1920 per capita for current expenses Furnished rooms, with light and heat was two and a half times that for cost 65 cents a week per student and benevolences. In 1927 the amount for food at the rate of 11 cents a meal-a current expenses had risen to five total of $150 a year per student. Berea

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

gives a Christian, but nonsectarian 1914, in accordance with the plan to training, with daily chapel and Bible form one Union Seminary. The numstudy. The president, Dr. Wm. J. ber opposed to the plan increased un- Hutchins, is just returning from In- til in July, 1930, the General Synod dia, whither he went with a commit- of Mexico, ordered the reopening of tee to investigate the missionary the Presbyterian Seminary on Febeducational work. ruary 4, 1931, in order that the synod might have full control over the The Oriental Probleln training of its 'candidates for the min- it;ltry. Since the reopening, presby- ORIENT ALS are our greatest racial teries have placed it on their budgets. problem on the Pacific seaboard. -Christian Observer. There are about 35,000 Japanese in the City of Los Angeles alone, and Earthquake in Nicaragua 50,000 in Southern California. Chinese are decreasing, there being only I N SIX seconds on March 31st a about 3,000 in Los Angeles. Filipinos, violent earthquake .destroyed Manon the other hand, have increased from agua, the capital of Nicaragua. Over 116 in the state in 1910 to about 70,- 1,000 were reported kijIed and thou- 000 in 1930, and about 7,000 of them sands more were injured; the proplive in Los Angeles. With all of these erty damage is estimated at thirty races the disproportion of sexes cre- million dollars. Fire followed the ates a grave social problem. Especially quake and the city was cut off from is this true of the Filipinos, there be- the outside world except for radio ing less than five per cent women messages. The American Government among the 70,000. They live mostly directed that immediate help be given in labor camps and work long hours the sufferers by the army and nav~ for small pay. This is the chief cause and the Red Cross. Only a small group> for the hatred which has precipitated of missionaries were stationed at Manseveral race riots in the past year or agua, members of the American Baptwo. Very little church or social serv- tist Home Mission Society and the ice work is yet being done among Central American Mission; the neighthem. boring town of Masaya was also oc- cupied by these missions. On the other hand, there is a great deal of church and social service work New Evangelical Churches among the Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese are rapidly decreasing owing DR. S. G. INMAN, Executive Secreto the rigid immigration laws, and tary of the Committee on Coopthere is really no Chinese problem. eration in Latin America, summarizes The Japanese are increasing and also events of the past year: becoming more and more Americanized. The second generation of The year stands out as marking the- "Americans of Japanese ancestry" is organization of additional independent coming to the fore, and they are de- evangelical churches in Mexico and sirous of living up to their birthright. Brazil. The union of the Congregational, They are the chief problem in this Christian and United Brethren Churches race.-The Churchman. in Puerto Rico, and the meeting in Puerto Rico of the officers of the com- LATIN AMERICA mission to organize the Latin American Federation of Evangelical Churches are Selninary ReopeD.8 in Mexico other marks of progress.

THE reopening of the Presbyterian Last July, representatives of the Theological Seminary in Mexico on Northern and Southern Methodist February 4, 1931, was significant for Churches, both in Mexico and the United the evangelical movement in Mexico. States, approved the basis for a united The institution had been closed since Methodist Church of Mexico. The first General Conference was held in Mexico 5 City in September, resulting in the elec- tion of Rev. Juan Pascoe as bishop. With

the approval of the Annual Conference two languages. In 1912, there were ()f the Southern Methodist Church at 9,415 corps, or evangelistic posts: now Dallas, last May, a delegation from the there are 15,113. As against 15,988 United States went to Brazil and helped commissioned officers in 1912, there 'organize the Methodist Church of Brazil. are now 25,658. The Army has 1,568 The Brazilians elected as their first social institutions and agencies. In Bishop Rev. J. W. Tarboux, a former its shelters and food depots 24,545,847 missionary, and adopted the Social Creed free or cheap meals were supplied dur- Qf the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America as their own.

ing the year, and 11,516,319 beds pro- Agitation in Brazil vided. In its men's industrial institu- SINCE the Provisional Government tions, houses and workshops, 214,074 of Brazil announced its intention men were found work, permanently of rewriting the Constitution, church or temporarily. At its labor bureau authorities have been campaigning in there were 407,506 applicants and favor of what they term a minimum situations were found for 238,234. In- program of Ciltholic action. This to its women's industrial homes last program demands that the new Con- year 6,416 girls and women were stitution bear the statement that it is received and 5,951 were passed out '!Written in the name of God, that it satisfactorily. At its ninety-two ma- ,declare the Catholic Church the State ternity homes 23,817 women were re- <Church of Brazil, that it make a re- ceived.-The Christian.

ligious marriage ceremony compul- sory, and that the Catholic faith be Religious Liberty in Italy T taught in the State schools. Catholic HE Roman Catholic Church au- thorities in Rome are doing all in clergy are conducting a vigorous campaign from the pulpit while Catholic their power to restrict Protestants laymen are just as busy through news- from enjoying liberty in religious papers and committees. Counter ac- work. The Vatican organ, Osservutore tivities are at work on the part of Romano, keeps up a demand for the nonCatholics. The strife reached a curbing of "Protestant propaganda," climax at a nonCatholic meeting of and the pope gives support to this deprotest in Pernambucco. A crowd of mand. They claim that the Roman Catholic sympathizers caused a riot Catholic Church is maligned and its when they succeeded in preventing the dogmas are misrepresented and they first speaker from addressing the large demand the right to censor the propacrowd of nonCathoIics. The police g and a. The Italian government, had to use force to restore order, and though friendly to the Roman Catholic the feeling is bitter on both sides.- Church and willing to treat it as the United Presbyterian. established church of the State, has EUROPE been insistent upon these principles; freedom of religious belief; freedom Sa.lvation ArD1Y Progress of religious worship; freedom of reli- T HE SalvaUon Army Yearbook far gious propaganda, and equality of civil 1931 is a record of vast operations, rights without regard to religious evangelistic and social, at home and connection.

abroad.

A statistical table is impressive as a Students a.nd the Christian Faith W record of advance since the death of HEN Dr. John R. Mott conducted a series of meetings for students the founder, William Booth. In that .;vear (1912) the Army was established of Oxford in 1905, the results were in fifty-two c{JUntries and colonies. At considered remarkable. From 300 to the opening of 1931, the Army's flag is 800 undergraduates attended. Re- :flying in eighty-two countries, and its cently, when the modern students are message being proclaimed in seventy- said to have no use for religion, 1,000

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and sometimes 2,000 members of the cently fifteen evangelical kindergaruniversity were present day after day tens in Breslau lost the government for eight days listening to the preach- subsidy. An institution for dumb and ing of Christ and learning the way of blind children which has existed for a prayer in meetings conducted by the hundred years was -sold out and the Archbishop of York. children turned over to a state in- stitution. The Blue Cross Society is "The change in the last few years," a useful organization for the rescue the Student Movement declares, "is of drunkards. The Govetnment is remarkable. Men are ready to listen seeking to make its existence imposand many more than some think are sible by regUlations concerning regisready to pray." tration and membership insurance. In Zurich, morning and evening From other companies of young prayers and grace at table have been people a marked response has also interdicted in the city asylum, much been made to the appeal of Christ. to the grief of the aged inmates. The There is a seething in the heart of Central School Commission of Zurich youth today, but there is a readine-ss has cut off from the free evangelical to try experiments. No real picture of school the privilege of free dental youth is presented which leaves out treatment for school children, and has the companies who have entered upon withdrawn the reduction of carfares the way of faith. formerly allowed.-The Sunday-School Times. Christian Progress in Belgium Protest Against Soviet Persecution AMONG Belgium's eight million people, only 50,000 are Protes- T HE Christian Protest Movement tant. Besides the state-supported against Soviet Persecution of Re- Union of Evangelical Churches and ligion, established in Great Britain, the Free Christian Missionary church, has held 270 meetings during the past there are several smaller groups, but year, with the support of all religious Belgium is a Romanist stronghold, organizations. There is now evidence though many are indifferent and many that the protest has reached Russia, merely formal. One secret of Catho- and has brought about some slight lic power in Belgium is its thorough modification. This has changed the organization of education from school policy of the Movement from one of age onwards, and the Protestant' demand to an appeal to the Russian churches cannot compete in this field Government to abandon religious perwith their weak schools and lack of secution.-The Christian. resources. Neverthele-ss, good work is done by colporteurs and the print- Atheism and Christianity in Russia ing press, and the work advances, however slowly. There is no question I N RUSSIA the war between atheof mas-s conversions. New converts ism and Christianity is on, and in are gained one by one, but the labor spite of the great power the atheists is not in vain.-Pastor Buse. exercise, the current is not wholly their way. In Dein Reich Komme we Socialists in Germany are given a remarkable account of the manner in which the Evangelicals and CHRISTIAN institutions in Ger- Baptists are progressing. In the many have been attacked by the Ukraine, according to Pravda, "the Socialists quietly but persistently. sects are no longer sects but great Catholic institutions are spared be- churches or even parties." In the cause of the political alliance between governments of Po!towa, Kherson, and Center and Socialist parties. It is Tver there are whole counties which, proposed to supplant the Protestant according to the Communist papers, nursing sisters and deaconesses with secular nurses and attendants. Re-

are drenched with this Christian and singing them well; black health propaganda. In the Soviet factories workers who, unsupervised, can and do the .sectarians win victory after vic- produce admirable malaria surveys and tory. Thus in the textile factory maps …. In Zanzibar I saw a native Chalturin there are two thousand medical orderly demonstrating hookworkmen who belong to the evangel- worms and hookworm eggs to the chilical societies against less than five dren in a little out-school; and their hundred Communists. The school answers to his questions showed that youth who come under the influence the village schoolmaster had already of the sectarians offer obstinate re- made the hookworm story quite clear to sistance to the Communist pioneers their minds." and draw to their ranks leading members of the Communist young people -The Congregationalist. organizations. The religious situation in Russia is no doubt dark enough, but Welcomed by Tribal Ohiefs the darkness seems to be that which precedes dawn. THE following letter bears the sig- nature of forty chiefs and tribal The Evangelicals of Russia are, ac- rulers of Menderland, Sierra Leone, and was addres·sed to the newly arcording to the American secretary of rived workers at the "Ward United Methodist church" at Bandajuma, esthe All-Russian Evangelical Christian tablished last year: Union, very 'active in improving the general life of Russia. We, the paramount Chief and Tribal Rulers, of Sowa Chiefdom, do hereby AFRIOA meet to welcome you, and we regard this first visit to our Chiefdom as a genuine Oan Blacks be Educated1 red-letter day.

JULIAN HUXLEY, in a recent num- Weare highly proud of the love and ber of the Atla,nticMonthly, dis- respect that you good people are showing cusse.s the possibilities: of "African to us since you started this Mission on Education." The educability of the the 13th of April, 1928. Other missions African and his capacity for intel- have come and failed, and for many lectual and creative work depends years we have been left alone, before it upon the proper opportunity and stim- pleased God to put it into the hearts of ulous. Biology has relatively little to good people in England to send our do with it. Huxley agrees with schol- friend, Rev. A. C. Lamb, to come and ars like Franz Boas, who are con- open the Mission here again. Everyone vinced that variations of mental of us here feels very glad to have the capacity within a race are much Mission here, to teach us and our chilgreater than between races, and that dren. .Although we are Mohammedans, racial capacities overlap very consider- yet we feel that there is one God ·who is ably. It is impossible to say that the both for white and black. capacity of one race is definitely higher than another. Mr. Huxley We wrote some time ago about having says: a white man here and also a hospital, but we have not heard anything from "I have seen dressers in charge of dis- our friend as regards what the good pensaries, clerks keeping the records of people in England will do for us…. We native courts, girls running maternity hope to hear good news. and infant-welfare stations with white inspection only once a month, men in We are ready to help the Mission on charge of a power station on a big whatever we are asked to do. It is our estate, schoolmasters who taught well wish and prayer that God may guide and had their heart in their job, fore- you both in your ruling, and that you men who could be trusted in sole control may prove a blessing to all the other of building operations-all blacks . . . . churches and schools in Sierra Leone Black students who were dissecting a and to the public in general.-Missioncadaver with commendable thorough- wry Echo. ness; a black choir singing Bach motetS', Testing Time. in Bafla SEVERAL fa c tor s are causing troublous times in the Cameroun. A letter from C. E. Whittier, of the Presbyterian Mission in Bafia, gives as one factor the new laws regarding the age of boys and girls allowed in

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 3B9

school, the maximum age being twelve Church Growth in Nigeria to fourteen years. This has meant putting out 125 of the two hundred TWENTY-ONE years ago the Church boys of the French school, and several Missionary Society began missiongirls of marriageable age will not be ary work in the Isoko dIstrict of Niallowed to return. geria, West Africa. The results have been wonderful, the numblJr of Chris- Boys and girls put out of school tian adherents now numbering more can return to their parents, but wilf than 8,000 in the 120 towns having a not want to. Why? If they start a Christian church. It is estimated that cocoa garden or gather palm nuts, as sixty per cent of the Christians are soon as the garden has food ready women, though no organized women's to harvest the chief will send his work was attempted until a year ago police to get it, to supply the amount when two women missionaries were the government asks of him. The assigned to the village of Bethel. The chief may be paid for it, but the boy missionaries are hoping to establish will receive nothing. His labor is welfare centres and small maternity useless. Who can even counsel him homes in six towns in the district, to be industrious, when along every each centre to have a trained woman line of industry his labors will only midwife in charge.-The Christian. enrich his chief, not himself? Thanks From Abyssinia As for the girls, a real trial of faith is experienced when the native Mo- T HE Emperor of Abyssinia issued hammedan chief takes them by force a statement thanking all the Govinto his harem to be his wives. ernments of the world for the interest they have manifested in connection Notable Improvement with the event of his coronation, and for the practical aid given by Euro- MANY changes may be noted as pean and American people toward evidence of improved ·social con- realizing his hope of spreading civiliditions in West Africa. Cannibalism zation in his realm. He also said: is nearly extinct. Slavery is waning. Fetishism is greatly decreased. Most "In this hour in which my heart is of the harmful secret ·societies are lifted up to God, I must offer my heartpractically dead. Tribal wars may be felt thanks for all the good that Amerisaid to be at an end. Murder is very can missions have done for us. They rare, as compared with its frequency have helped to spread the Word of God in the United States. Polygamy is and Christian teaching in all parts of the very greatly decreased. The language country, and we especially thank the has been reduced to writing and the doctors, not only for their great services New Testament, portions of the Old to the members of the Emperor's family, Testament and' many textbooks have but because they have given the blessings been printed. The majority of the of health and strength to thousands of young men and boys, and some thou- my poor people." sands of women and girls can read and write. Young women have more Abyssinia is four times the size of freedom as to school and marriage, Great Britain. At present only seven and some are taking nurses' training of its forty-three provinces are occucourses; some become teachers, and pied by missionaries. Eight societies others dre·ssmakers. Time was when with 71 workers occupy ten stations. all day·s were alike. The introduction There are 72 native workers. The of the Sabbath was a novelty to these Province of Shoa with its capital of people, and has proven a great bless- Addis Ababa is fairly well occupied, ing. Last year's statistics showed having 36 missionaries, or about half that the attendance at Sunday-school the entire mission force. The rest of averaged 94,000. the country is practically untouched. A recent article in World Dominion speaks of the present emperor as a progressive whose desire is to awaken

the soul of the old Church of his coun- Ferment in Persto.

try for the uplift of the nation. It DR. E. M. DODD, writing from is estimated that a quarter of the Persia, says: "Sixteen years ago, adult population of the empire are while here, I heard the remark, 'Persia priests, deacons, or monks in the is a corpse with no one to bury her.' old Aby-ssinia Church. The Church Since then the national attitude has possesses one-third of the land. changed. There is a feeling that all -Woman's Missionary Magazine. things are possible." The country is WESTERN ASIA gradually being emancipated; is A Christian Monthly in Turkey awake to the fact that it is in the march of progress, even though hun- ONE of the daily Turkish papers dreds of miles behind. Education is Son Posta, representing the new making long strides, the most signifpolitical party, criticised the support icant fact being that the new program given by the Government to the maga- includes girls. Many new schools zine Muhit. We translate this as in- have been opened.

dicating the appreciation of the maga- "Hospitals and public health activ- zine ,on the part of the Ministry of ities are moving with only slightly less Education. momentum. Doctors must now be li- "In Istanbul, a monthly magazine censed for the fir.st time. A few cities under the title of Muhit is issued by have municipal hospitals, while in the Bible House, namely the Gospel Teheran, a small medical fraternity Home, whose purpose is to extend meets periodically. In Meshed there Christianity. This Christian Institu- is something similar.

tion prints the Gospel, circulates it, "After all is said, the picture ha's and makes propaganda of Christianity shadows, as well as high-lights. Many all over the country. It has some cross currents are at work; national- schools also in Istanbul and some other ism at times runs riot, and economic cities, where Christianity is taught. conditions are bad. With the Mullahs The Bible House has taken steps to losing their hold, irreligioOn is on the extend its activities, and has begun increase."

to publish missionary books. At the head of this magazine Muhit, is the INDIA, BURMA, SIAM director of the Literature Department Self-Gove1'1lment and Communalism of the Bible House. THE Methodist Episcopal Central "Very well! A missionary organiza- Conference in India, at its recent meeting, declared in favor of Domin. tion has been publishing a magazine. ion Status for India, and pledged help We shall not read it. That finishes in making this status a .success. The the matter! But the matter is not greatest obstacle they declared to be finished in that way. Since the change "communalism"-or the policy of sepin our script, many Turkish magazines arating Indians into distinct classes have been obliged to close, and none dependent on religion, race Ill' social of them has received a grant from the class. It was resolved "that we Department of Education. The Min- (Christians) have no intention of istry of Education has discovered only creating a separate political entity, this magazine to support, and has called the Christian Community . . . decided to buy 2,000 copies every We have no desire to build up around month. Surely it is not reasonable that the Ministry of Education should the Christian Church a separate social use its appropriation for the purpose and political entity … We desire of the extension of the new script to passionately a united India . . . If support a missionary institution; but those who desired to give their spirit- this is a fact, and a most grievous fact ual allegiance to Christ had been al- too!" lowed to stay in their homes and be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

frank, open baptized Christians then been putting emphasis upon evangelthis communalism would not have been ism, but there is a call for more earbuilt up. Even now if those who de- nest and more united efforts. sire to follow Christ should be allowed to stay in their homes without In several of the Provinces a special social or political penalty then we are week of evangelism was set for March willing to see the Christian commu- 8th to 15th. In the United Provinces nity as a political entity fade out, a number of objectives have been set leaving the Christian Church as a for a month of evangelistic effort. moral and spiritual organization con- Here are the objectives: tributing its power to the uplift and regeneration of this land." 1. Every Christian taking part by definite prayer and definite witness- Thirty Million More in India ing; with the aim to sell at least ten Gospel portions-a hundred if pos- I NDIA'S population has increased sible. 30,000,000 during the last decade, according to the estimate in the pre- 2. Special visits in zenanas by liminary census returns. The census Christian women. of 1921 put the figure at 318,000,000, but figures now available show that 3. Public preaching, singing and during the last ten years there has Gospel selling in bazaars by bands of been an increase in population exceed- laymen and ministers. ing all estimates. 4. A rousing Christian procession Freedom from pestilence and fam- at some time during the week. ine, sanitation, medical facilities and more enlightened living generally have These objectives, if carried out, contributed to the increase which ap- wherever possible, will show the pears certain throughout India. earnestness M Christiims to win others to Christ. Burma's population has risen probably 12 per cent. Bikanir State takes Kalighat Ashram the lead, however, with an increase of 41.7 per cent, largely due to the com- BROTHER CHAKRAVARTY, a pletion of a large irrigation project converted Bengali of Calcutta, and the consequent immigration. makes daily visits to the Kalighat temple, where he talks with pilgrims Population increased 35 per cent in and priests. Having retained his the Ahmednagar district and 32 per Bengali name and dre'ss he can move cent in the adjoining Poona district above in such places without attractperhaps because 'Of similar new irri- ing much special attention…. gation works. But there was no decrease elsewhere, showing such gen- This is a purely Indian method and eral pressure of population that the Indians are doing the work. There is people immediately flow into the areas no preaching, no magic lantern lecproviding support far fresh inhabit- ture, no Gospel singing band. The ants. Guru sits in contemplation and the enquirers gather about him. Then he A Month of Evangelism reads a verse from the Word of God, followed by a verse, perhaps, from the I N CHINA, Japan, Korea and else- Bhagavadgita. Then he shows the where, Christian churches are more effective drawing power of the carrying forward definite united evan- Bible to bring men to God. Perhaps gelistic programs. In India such a one from the audience puts a question united plan has not yet been made, and either the Guru, or some member but the National Christian Council has of the audience answers it. The been asked to consider calling the "audience" may consist of two besides Churches of India to unite in such an our missionary or there may be as effort. The Churches of India have many as fifteen in the little room.

Pray that our missionary and his wife may be given strength of body, of mind, and of heart, that they may

be divinely guided in all that they at- finally reach the millions beyond.

tempt for the Kingdom.-V. M. [lahi- Each Church will be free to follow baksh. whatever methods it chooses. 2. The. n.t0vement ai~~ at emphasizing Methodists and the Madura Incident C~rIshan responsIbIlity for positive wltness and sharing with others our T HE recent central conference of experience in Christ. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Asia, at its quadrennial ses- 3. The movement must seek to touch all sion in Cawnpore, India, put that denomination clearly on record as re- !aces, ,,:or)dng in all areas, employ- Ing varIetIes of method, and aiming at establishing the Kingdom of God in all relationships of life. The move- jecting the interpretation of mission- n.tent should be a searching examinaary "neutrality" which the British tIon of our social and industrial conauthorities set up in the case of the d}tions, t? see how far they are con- American Board Mission in Madura. SIstent WIth Christian principles. While recognizing that American missionarie-s "can take no part in political A definite objective may -spur the movements as such," the Methodists Church on to greater efforts of sacriwent on record as holding that "the fice and service. The Council suggests church cannot give itself over to or that "we aim at doubling the number ally itself with any government or of Christians within five years." Such political party or group." It was this a venture calls for great faith, but which the now famous letter of Magis- "All things are po-ssible to him that trate Hall told the American Board believeth." missionaries at Madura the British Government expected of them. The The Evangelistic Committee is Methodists upheld the rights of Chris- praying and working, surveying the tian Indians, Anglo-Indians and field, examining social and industrial Britons to engage in politics as their conditions, planning the pUblication consciences dictate. of direct evangelistic literature in va- rious languages, working out bold and daring methods, with a view to in- auguratng the movement at the annual A BurlUa for Ohrist Movement* meeting of the Council in July. "For T HE Burma Christian Council calls the next six months, the need is to the Church of Christ in Burma to catch the vision of God's purpose, to a movement to make Burma Christian. sanctify ourselves to be the agents of It calls for a fresh outlook and motive, that purpose, and by believing prayer, which begun in penitence and prayer, create an atmosphere in which a great continued in faith, joy and persever- forward movement may be born and ence, -shall regenerate in the Church set going with such momentum that of Burma that spirit which thrills no power can stop the coming of the through the pages of the Acts. The Kingdom of God in Burma."

call is primarily to prayer and peni- The Day of Opportunity in Burma tence, through Communion with God, to realize the greatness of His love, THIS is a day of great opportunity and the magnificence of His purpose. to lead the Burmese to know Christ. "This realization should express itself Returning through Mandalay from in a deepening spiritual life, a grow- the Aungpinle Association at Sagaing ing Christlikeness, a radiant joy, and a the Wesleyan preachers said: "Manpassion for bringing others to Christ." dalay is not like what it was before. They used to hate the Christians; There are three general principles, now they go out of their way to make on which, the movement ought to be friends with us. They may not acbased: cept our religion, but they want to know us." At Sagaing a group of 1. The "Burma for Christ" movement about fifty Buddhist elders came out should extend to every Christian, and in response to an invitation.

'" Condensed from The News" Rangoon, Burma, February, 1931.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

From Bassein, Henzada, Pegu and greater success than that reported in Moulmein come similar reports. The the press has been attained by the Buddhist people have listened with a Nanking Government in the struggle new eagerness and confessed their with rebellious hordes of Communists hunger for someone to trust. Burma and bandits. Some relief from finan- is weary of the doctrine of hate which cial calamity has also been secured has been so industriously preached through increased import duties.

from all sides during the past number The Manchurian leader, Chang of years and wants a gospel of love. Hsueh Liang, has not lost his hold on The economic distress resulting from the Northeastern provinces while low prices, the political risings and maintaining peace in Hopei, Shansi rumors of risings, robberies, murders, and the Northwest and gradually dis- ,sects and parties hating each other in banding the excessive armies in those the villages, have all made the Bur- provinces. Shantung has been more mans look with fear and distrust on peaceful than for several years.

one another, till they do not know As the result of reading the Bible where to turn. After nights of anx- and observance of the fruits of Chrisiety when they meet Christians in the tianity in his home, his social and povillages or bazaars, their faces bright- litical circle and in other relations the en with gladness because they know President, Chiang Kai Shek, has pro- Christians can be trusted and are claimed his C'onviction that for himbearers of love and help. In a world self and for his country, the Saviour of enemies, here are friends. Shout it out to the Christians all over Bur- and the hope is Jesus Christ. After confessing his faith and receiving ma. This is the day of opportunity baptism, he went back to his place of to show Christians love Buddhists.- peril and responsibility in the councils B. C. Case, in The News. of State to make clear, by deeds more News from Siam than by words, his belief that only the AN OUTSTANDING event of the truth can make China free and strong 1'l. year in Siam was the eighth meet- and "equal."-Courtney H. Fenn.

ing of the Far Eastern Association of Strong Leadership Needed Tropical Medicine, continuing for one week in Bangkok. One hundred and T HE Rev: George T. Scott, one of sixty delegates from abroad were pres- the Secretaries of the Presbyterian ent. Board, writes from Shantung: About two years ago the Interna- "In the eleven years since my pre- tional Missionary Council was asked vious visit to China, the most obvious to send a competent man to Siam for outward changes are (1) improved rural economic survey, in the hope roads and motor cars; (2) the well- that a scientific study of the rural informed and disciplined Chinese solpopulation and their problems would diers and police everywhere, in the assist the missions to make wiser and cities and towns, on the railways, drill- more far-reaching, plans. The Siamese ing on parade grounds and over rough Government is facing serious eco- terrain; (3) the many men of all ages nomic problems in connection with the in western dress, and practicaliy all rural situation, and is therefore eager girls and young women "bobbed," with a new independence of life and manto cooperate.-Station Letter. ners; (4) the shops filled with goods CHINA imported from America and Europe; Progress in China (5) and everywhere, at station plat- MORE progress has been made in forms and docks, on buildings and China in the last six months than fences and walls are pasted or painted in any previous similar period since large and small posters and signs to the revolution of 1911-12. Much inspire and to teach patriotism, na-

tionalism, anti-imperialism, popular nese Mission to Lepers decided to and party government. undertake. Shanghai is cursed with some 300 lepers most of whom are "In the present period of readjust- found in Chapei. These affiicted are ment among the most difficult has to not seen in the daytime, but appear do with Christian schools and colleges. on the streets at night. Some live Government regulations are unduly with normal persons, apparently unarestrictive, with a special bent against ware of the danger which lurks in religious worship and instruction. In them, while others even peddle food middle schools and higher institutions without the least interference by the voluntary religious exercises are per- police. There is no ruling that lepers mitted, but not in schools of lower cannot walk in public or engage in grade. The entire Christian move- petty trade, and consequently the most ment, missionary and national, con- dreaded disease of mankind is suffered tinually protests against these in- to victimize the innocent. The Chinese fringements of the liberty of private Mission has at its disposal funds for institutions. During this disturbed the erection and equipping of a home transition period, schools are being for these leper,s in the vicinity of continued and Christianity is being Shanghai. Unfortunately a site which conveyed to the students in many it obtained in Kiangwan was not apways, even where direct precept in the proved of by the Chinese municipal classroom is forbidden; often reli- authorities, neither was a second site gious worship and classes are held in in the Western District. a building adjoining the campus. At present, Christian schools are over- The work of the mission is undercrowded, largely because so many gov- taken by Chinese and foreign physiernment institutions are closed for cians free of charge. These volunteers lack of funds." have their regular duties, and as a consequence, cannot afford to go out Missionaries Murdered of the civic centers to render service to the lepers. It would hardly be fair THE murder of two American wom- to add physical hardship to their vol- en missionaries in the southern untary service which in most counprovince of Yunnan was reported in tries is provided by the government dispatches from there, March 18th. itself. The present deadlock between They were Mrs. Vera M. White and the mission and the Chinese authori- Mr·s. Victoria M. Miller, Seventh Day ties leaves the public only one choice: Adventists. to let the lepers run loose in its midst, or to house them under one roof rea- The crime is believed to have been sonably secluded from the congested committed by or upon the instigation sections.-The China Critic. of revengeful servants who were lately discharged under suspicion of being Standing Firm in Changsha. thieves. ~~NEVER was Christianity less like- The husbands of the women were ly to be stamped out in Changon their way from TaHfu to Yunnanfu, a 150-mile journey, and had been tele- sha," writes Rev. W. H. Clark of the graphed to hasten their return. Mrs. Hun a n Presbyterian Mis s ion. White's two children, Ardyth Marie "Though more than half the congreand Lorena Jean were uninjured and gation have been forced by imminent are being cared for by V. D. Parker, danger of a second communist occuof the Young Men's Christian Associ- pation to leave the city, the fire of ation.-Herald-Tribune. faith burns even the brighter in those who are here. In the humble little A Home for Lepers chapel of the primary school, 110 met for worship on Sunday. While the THE difficulty in selecting a site for hordes of Reds under Peng, Chu and a home for lepers has been retarding humanitarian work which the Chi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mao were hammering at our defense A. student secretary, and Dr. T. Z.

lines not over a mile and a half away, Koo, national student secretary of the and while the hills were ringing to Y. M. C. A.-Christian Advocate.

the sound of rifle and machine gun fire, even there a dozen Christians Finnish Missions in China dared to come to my looted home and T HE Finnish Missions in China are spend an hour in prayer. One Yale passing through great difficulties. boy, just two days before the fiercest In 1927 the greater number of their attacks, said: 'I am not afraid, I am missionaries were compelled to leave in the will of God,' and went off smil- China for many months. Some were ing. The next night his village was never to return to their stations. captured by the Red army and only Those who remained in Hunan were after three weeks did the government in danger of death daily for more troops reenter it. We have no news than half a year. The congregations of him, but I am confident he has were scattered, the churches desestood firm. That which we came to crated, the Chinese pastor,s and teach- China to give, the message of Christ, ers were persecuted, so that they had is a commodity which cannot be looted, to seek seclusion. destroyed, nor burned. We may have lost well over a hundred thousand dol- In February, 1930, three women lars; but there is a 'fellowship of missionaries in Kiangsi were mursuffering' worth infinitely more. Christ dered by Communists. They are the reigns in hundreds of hearts here; he first Finnish martyrs in the Chinese cannot be dislodged whatever comes; field. many a Christian is living the faith: 'Though he slay me, yet will I trust Nothwithstanding all these difficulhim.'" ties only 5% of the Christians gave up their faith. The work has been resumed and the missionaries and Chinese workers have gone long dis- Fifty Years of Service tances on tour and have found many T HE Anglo-Chinese College in Foo- open hearts. The work in the schools chow, under the Methodist Board, has been rendered generally imposwill soon complete fifty years of serv- sible on account of Government reice to China. Plans had been made strictions.

for only 400 stUdents, but when nearly 200 new boys applied for admission A Conference Under Difficulties U in September, acting President S. H. p TO within one week of meeting, it looked as if a conference this Lin arranged to take half of these applicants making an enrollment of year in Central China of the Christian 437 boys. The religious spirit among Alliance would be impos.sible. In July, the students has deepened becau,se of the rising tide of militant bolshevism the unusual activity of the school Y. swept over Changsha and threatened M. C. A. The school, through its six- the Wuhan Center, causing the Con- teen delegates, was host to the Joint suls to forbid their nationals residing Y. M. C. A.-Y. W. C. A. Summer Stu- in Wuchang.

dent Conference last September. The However, on September 2, the Con- boys, who carried on five Daily Vaca- suls lifted the ban and the conference tion Bible Schools during the summer was called. Many experienced trials, vacation, have brought the same spir- but the conference afforded new it of service into the Y. M. C. A. work. encouragement and inspiration. A Recently, over a hundred boys paid dominant note was praise for divine their own expenses to spend the week- protection amid warfare, lawlessness, end in the large Buddhist Monastery and opposition. In spite of the anti- on Kushau Mountain in a conference Christian agitation, one hundred and with Miss Kwaan, national Y. W. C. ten baptisms were reported. War-

fare, banditry, and communism had Whereas today, after seventy years been widespread, and yet evangelism of endeavor, the Christian churches had been carried on everywhere. have no more than 300,000 enrolled Many reported revival, some having members, or about one-half of one per been blessed with a week's meetings cent of the population, two modern held by four Chinese workers from sects of Shinto, not yet fifty years Bethel Mission, Shanghai. old, both incorporating in their tenets and practices features closely resem- The appointment of several "travel- bling those of Christianity, number ing evangelists"-who are really dis- over five million adherents, or nearly trict or provincial pastors-has been ten per cent of the population of modamply justified by their good workin ern Japan. Hunan and Anhwei. The spirit of love and unity and the competent way These sects are not in any real in which some Chinese brethren con- sense Christian; they are obviously ducted the business of conference, subChristian, and any crystallization greatly encouraged us concerning the of the process of development at the future of the church.-Rev. Howard present stage would leave Japan's lead- Van Dyck. ing religious movements manifestly pagan in spirit and rite. Yet these JAPAN AND CHOSEN trends chart the course over which Japan's religious development is mov- Bibles in Jq.panese Hotels ing.-T. T. Brumbaugh.

ABOUT four years ago the "Gid- Empress Aids Leper Work eons" applied for permis·sion to place Bibles in the Imperial Hotel at ST. BARNABAS' MISSION TO Tokyo, but without success. Other LEPERS, Kusatsu, is rejoicing in attempts were made later but met with a gift of seven thousand yen from refusal. However, one of the Chris- the Dowager Empress of Japan. For tians in the management kept the re- many years she has been accumulatquest in mind, and recently word came ing funds for the benefit of the lepers that the management had decided to of Japan by setting aside a certain accept the offer. part of her annual income. On No- vember 10, 1930, this fund was dis- Sunday, November 2d, was set for tributed to the various leper charities, the dedicatory service in the banquet Imperial, Roman Catholic, Anglican, hall of the hotel. Notice of the serv- and Buddhist. With the exception of ice was put in the main lobby. Short the Government Asylum, this Episcoaddresses were delivered by a mis- pal Mission received the largest sionary and by the representative of amount. With this fund it is hoped the Gideons, Captain Swinehart. The to establish a leper settlement suffimanager expressed his appreciation ciently attractive to draw lepers in and the hope that those Bibles would large numbers from all parts of the be helpful to many guests. No doubt, country for voluntary segregation.- that was the first time the Bible was Spirit of Missions. read and prayer offered in that banquet hall.-Bible Society Record.

A Christianized Buddhist Sect Purity Campaign THE Shin sect of Buddhism has THE campaign against licensed adopted so much of obviously prostitution has been called to the Christian thought-forms and method- attention of the Japanese public ology in Japan as to change the very through petitions presented to eleven character and spirit of Buddhism. meetings of the prefectural assemblies. This sect more than any other chal- Two of these passed biHs abolishing lenges the imaginations and commands licensed vice, making seven assemblies the loyalty of modern Japanese. which have recently declared for aboli-

1931J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion. In one prefecture the victory graduates will enter the Theological came as the result of a well-organized Seminary in Pyengyang. Others seven-year fight, during which 135,000 have gone out to start new churches individual petitions, one long petition and win others to Christ. Rev. W. J. containing 60,000 names, and petitions Anderson, the principal writes: "We from over 650 organizations were pre- have some very fine men. Many peosented. The leadership of this move- ple have told me of the great blessing ment is in Christian hands but it ha·s the Bible school students are bringswept far beyond the limits of the ing to territory around Seoul thr,ough church and appeals to the best thought revival meetings and Sunday services of the nation. The medical associa- they are conducting. One student who tions and patriotic societies are coop- was not able to continue his work on erating and purity leagues are organ- account of lack of funds has been used ized in many parts of the country to to start a revival in a village ten miles back up the campaign.-WiUis Lamott. from Seoul. One graduate spent sev- enty days last summer in prayer and Sai Nai Reforms Bible study alone on an island. He returned in power and has been won- SAl NAI, on a river island near derfully used." Seoul, was a notoriously rowdy town. Village feuds played havoc with Christ and Apples the Christian school, interest lagged in church work. Following a week of PUKCHUDONG is a country village revival meetings, and a visit by the whose ·life has been enriched by missionary in charge of the group, Christ and apples. Luscious "red about thirty young men of the village jade" and "light of the nation" are organized a School Boosters Associa- grown in great abundance, because tion, assumed full responsibility for Christian elders have gone at the apall finances of church and school, ple industry with the same thoroughagreed to send more students, started ness as they conduct their church. The a night school, pledged themselves not more apples produced, the more conto touch liquor or tobacco, or gamble, verts secured, it would seem; and the and made it so clear to the head of better Christians they become, the betthe village that things must be dif- ter apples they strive to grow. "And ferent that he resigned. The village so the Lord be thankit," writes Rev. people met and decided that whoever William Scott. was chosen to succeed him must be a Christian.-Korean Broadcasts. The headman of the village is a non- Christian, who once gave much trouble Bible Training in Seoul by his opposition. Reporting on his community at a district meeting of SEVENTEEN Korean young men headmen he said: "It may seem like were graduated on March 18th from boasting, but I believe I have the best The Pierson Memorial Bible School community in the township. Our peoat Seoul. This is the largest class in ple are sober and industrious. There some years and the students have is no carousing, no wrangling, no had a systematic course of study, in thieving. Our folk are of specially the Bible, church work, preaching and good stock." Another village headpersonal evangelism. The week ends man, also a nonChristian, broke in and summer vacations have been spent with the retort: "Good stock, nothing! in teaching, preaching, and personal Your people are the Bame breed as work and most encouraging reports mine. Everybody knows what makes have come of reviva}.s and churches the difference. Take the Christian strengthened. Most of the under church out of your district and you graduates are planning to spend their will be back where we are."-Korean vacation in this work. Some of the Echoes.

~~Tithing Storehouse" While Christian in character and pur- K ONGJU, Korea, has a "Tithing pose, it is not designed to further the Storehouse" as a feature of its special interests of any church 'Or Christian program. This storehouse, other institution. The officers of the association are: 12×12 feet, was erected at the same Rufus M. Jones, president; Mary time as the church, and is probably E. Woolley, vice-president; Paul Wilthe only one of its kind. Christians liam Alexander, recording secretary; bring in the tithe of their rice and Charles J. Ewald, exe.cutive secretary; barley crop, and from this the pas- Robert A. Doan, chairman, Executive tor's food is supplied. Committee.

The pastor, while not a medical graduate, is widely read in medicine; RlLce Prejudice in Great Britain his father is a doctor of the old school, his brother a practitioner of the new. I NSPIRED by movements in the He keeps on hand simple medicines United States and South Africa, and ointments; has healed many mi- the Society of Friends in London has nor ailments and sent many serious instituted a "Joint Council to Promote cases to the Christian doctor in Kong- Understanding Between White and ju. He makes no charge for treat- Colored People in Great Britain," ments, thus avoiding any complications which is described in The Spectator (London) for February 14. "Among with government officials, and local its aims are the study of the misunpolice and government officials are derstandings arising from color prejamong his regular patients.-Chris- udice; an attempt to deal wisely with tian Advocate. cases of the 'color bar' as they arise, GENERAL the encouragement of personal con- tacts and the encouragement 'Of an ap- Association for Christian Cooperation preciation in Great Britain of the T HIS association will seek through contributions of colored people to hu- correspondence, exchange of visits, man welfare." lectureships, public forums, discussion The need for this organization in centers and by any other suitable Great Britain, with its 300,000,000 col- means to stimulate fellowship among ored subjects, is emphasized because those in the United States and other "color prejudice ……cannot be re- countries who are of like mind in the garded as the hallmark of civilization, desire to produce a Christian culture for some of the most civilized peoples with no circumscribed limits. No do not possess it. France has ap- elaborate or standardized organiza- pointed Diagne, a native of Senegal, tion is desired. Except for the modest to the post of Under-Secretary of State expense of maintaining a small office for the Colonies in M. Laval's Cabi- and conducting its meetings, the asso- net."

ciation will operate strictly on the "Much of the ill feeling toward basis of projects and in harmony with Great Britain in India today arises, the following principles: not from a sense of political griev- Projects will not be initiated or ad- ance, but from some personal slight, ministered by the Corporation. imagined or real. At a moment when Projects will be supported by the vot- we are straining every nerve to bring ing of a fixed total amount or by annual about a permanent understanding begrant for a fixed and usually limited tween the peoples of India and ourperiod. ·selves, based on friendship …… can we afford 'to send home (to India) No financial commitments shall be every year hundreds of embittered made unless funds shall have been pro- and disillusioned students, with nothvided in cash, negotiable paper or pledges from responsible Foundations.

The association is incorporated un- ing but unhappy memories of their der the laws of the State of Ohio. stay in England?' "

WORTH

SE3ll~ Any books mentioned in these columns wilt be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Young J. Allen, "the Man Who Seeded It affords a classified index to multi- China." By Warren A. Candler, D.D., farious needs, and gives striking evi- LL.D. 245 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury Press, dence of the many American agencies Nashville. 1!)31. now at work for the needy. "The Year Book is not an encyclopredia of Dr. Timothy Richard once said that social problems or social conditions; "the books of Allen have hurled the Chinese gods from their pedestals." it is a record of organized efforts in The record of this noble life, if con- the United States to deal with such densed and put into more modern problems. The problems themselves form, would win youth to. the great are discussed only to the extent that adventure. The style of thiS old fash- is necessary for an understanding of ioned missionary biography is apt to the forms of social work related to alienate the' sophisticated. In speak- them. No problem or social condition ing of Dr. Allen's oratorical powers is described unless some agency exists we have this sentence: "I searched for its control, prevention or study."

his eye, which was clear as his The topical articles which constitute thought, saw that once or twice dur- Part I are arranged alphabetically, ing the hour it was softened by a and there is a classified index under tear like a dew drop, held in its place such headings as Child Welfare, Menby the self-restraint of a kingly will." tal Hygiene, Health, Industry, Crime, Dr. Allen was distinguished for his Recreation, Church Social Work, etc. literary work which includes nearly The contributors have been carefully one hundred and fifty volumes, orig- selected but some of the articles are inal or translated. provokingly brief. In Part II we have He went out as a pioneer mission- a complete list of national agencies ary of the Southern Methodist Epis- engaged in social work, arranged al- copal Church, during the trying days phabetically and later classified under of reconstruction. He mastered the Protestant, Jewish, Roman Catholic, Chinese language and script, founded Y. M. C. A., etc. The article on Ima newspaper and engaged in evangel- migrants and Foreign Communities ism. In forty years of work, battling contributed by Edith Terry Bremer against ·superstition and idolatry, he is illuminating. All of the entries are is said to have had only a week's sick- accompanied by select bibliographies.

ness and then "he fell dead in his Altogether it is a work worthy of the harness," May 30, 1907. The book Russell Sage Foundation. S. M. Z.

contains some noble tributes from his.

fellow missionaries and an excellent The X Y Z of Communism. By Ethan T.

portrait. S. M. Z. Colton. Illustrated. 8 VO. 423 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New York.

Social Work Year Book. By Fred S. Hall. The author is one of the secretaries 600 pp. $4.00. Russell Sage Founda- of the International Committee of the tion. New York. 1930. Y. M. C. A. and spent some years in Those interested in national mis- Russia. He has a vital message in sions or in the social uplift of the un- this volume which bears a striking fortunate and neglected in our country title. It represents an effort to make will welcome this excellent handbook. clear the results in Russia of the theo- 399

ries expounded in "The A. B. C. of of purpose, beside which our Chris- Communism," one of the propagandist tian missionary organizations seem documents is·sued by present-day Bol- feeble and lukewarm. The volume is shevists. After defining and describ- well documented, and contains a num- ing the "class war," the author ber of illustrations from the Soviet explains .the dictatorship of the pro- press. The Glossary is excellent but letariat of the industrial workers as the index is incomplete. The judg- an instrument for the conquest of so- ments expressed are sincere, well bal- ciety by Communism. He then shows anced, and convincing. Our conviction how this differs from all other forms is that the only hope for Russia is of socialism. Jesus Christ. S. M. Z.

But Russia has not attained a real "dictatorship of the proletariat." It The Good Earth. By Pearl S. Buck. 375 is ruled rather by a dictatorship of pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New York. the Communist party. Mr. Colton describes their principles, their aims, and 1931. their program. The First International (1864-1872), laid the founda- Many missionaries have written tions for Socialism. The Second good novels but it is not often that a International (begun in 1889 and still missionary's story is selected as "the continuing) was supplanted by the book of the month." This means a Third International (1919), which very large assured sale and a reading threw overboard all restrictions and by nonmissionary minded folk. proclaimed "the Communist Revolution can be victorious only as a World Mrs. Buck was herself a Presbytee Revolution." rian missionary in China and married Dr. J. Lossing Buck of Nanking Uni- Mr. Colton fearlessly describes the versity so that she has inhaled the effect of Communism on marriage and atmosphere of China that her novel breathes out. Her first novel "East Wind, West Wind" also deals with the home life, and the restrictions laid Chinese life and her interpretation of upon religious organizations. The her adopted country has been com- hostility to all religion proves that pared with that of Lafcardio Hearn the root of this hatred is not because for Japan.

of the "Orthodox Church," nor is it "The Good Earth" is not a mission- due to the hostility of the Jews. The ary story and on the surface seems purpose in the minds of the leaders unrelated to missions or to Christian- is to extirpate religion in every form. ity. It is a somewhat surprising novel Their own testimony to this effect is to come from a missionary's pen.

monotonously uniform and convincing. With great literary merit, a true to "Created and constituted to make ag- life Chinese atmosphere, a realism gressive and effective this aggregate that is sometimes raw, the story de- army of man, woman, and child-power scribes vividly the life of a Chinese for the eradication of religion, is the farmer who rises from deep poverty Society of the Militant Godless-the to wealth and at the same time sinks tireless, pitiless, presiding mind of from honest independence and simple the propaganda and the persecution. strength to self-indulgence and a slav- Its head is Yaroslavsky, Secretary of ery to material things. While the the Party Control Commission (the story is not altogether pleasant read- Inquisition of Communism), an in- ing it is of absorbing interest and strument of power second only to the deeply impresses both the strength Political Bureau of the Party and the and the weaknesses of Chinese char- O. G. P. U." This chapter is a star- acter and customs. Without pointing tling revelation of the effectiveness of a moral the picture here given shows an agency for the propagation of anti- vividly the need of the Chinese for Christian beliefs and practices; it the truth, the ideals, the joy and the shows an intensity of zeal and a unity power that come from Christ.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1930

OF SUMATRA WEAVlNG CLO'l'H O~' PINEAPPLE

Trousseau £;nens "Keeping within a bride's budget" is a matter of pride with McCutcheon trousseau advisers. The bride with a modest sum at her disposal needs the advice of these experts so that her Linen Closet will be equipped with everything necessary-in the quality that will give excellent service. If the budget for Linens is unlimited-our advisers will see to it that the fortunate bride has the loveliest Linens woven! _ ~ McCutcheon"s ~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy-NINTH STREET IIe<jUSEbtOIl DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK keq. us fill. ott WHAT READERS THINK OF THE "REVIEW"

"There is no magazine which comes to azine assisted our preparation and in my desk which gives more real help than fact gave us the inspiration. All have the REVIEW. It gives inspiration, facts proven most acceptable. Some have been and fresh illustrations of the power of used as the basis of discussions, others the Gospel."-A Pastor. as illuminating talks by some of our ca- pable members. The sketch was given "You can scarcely realize what your this month by some of our men at our magazine means to me."-A Missionary, annual sacrificial meeting and made a- India. great hit. At our monthly executive "We want to keep our students in touch meeting this week we voted to write you with the great missionary movements of our appreciation."-President of a Womthe world, and we find the REVIEW helps." an's Missionary Society. -A Teacher. "Please let me convey to you my best "Your recent letter giving us the good thanks for all the benefit I receive news that your valuable publication, through reading your excellent magazine. MISSIONARY REVIEW, would be sent to us The unique position and contents of the free for the coming year for our library's use, came into my office like a beautiful REVIEW make it almost indispensable for ray of sunshine after a cloudy day. The any missionary who wants to keep in load gets mighty heavy down here at touch with missions throughout the times, and then a letter of good cheer world."-A Missionary in Shansi, China. and interest such as was plainly manifest between the lines in yours, comes "It must be quite forty years since I floating into the office and we are en- began taking the REVIEW. It has always couraged to take up the load again and been a great help and educator. I can carryon. We certainly appreciate your see how it has given me knowledge and courtesy."-Berea College, Kentucky. interest in many countries and missions that I should not have known otherwise. "You will be interested to know some- I do thank you very heartily and sinthing of the help your magazine has cerely for this broadening of sympathy been to our Woman's Missionary Society. and fellowship amid the isolation of work I enclose our program for 1929-30 with in "back blocks" of crowded Bengal. the numbers checked in which your mag- May God bless you abundantlY."_A Missionary in Indm.

Please mention THe MISSIONARY Review OB' THB WORLD In writinK to advertisers. OBITUARIES ing, self-respecting, Christianized Amer- ican citizens. Mas. LEROY F. HEIMBURGER, of Tsinan, China, died February 12, at Tsinan. Mrs. He literally used himself up in the Heimburger was a daughter of Dr. Hunt- work. He was one of the modern miser Corbett, and had been a missionary sionary heroes of the Moravian Church. For the last five years he labored under . .. .. under the Presbyterian Board since 1914. great physical difficulties due to illness, but the Indians did not want to lose him DR. JOSEPH CLARK, after fifty years of and he was loath to give up active serv- ice. But December 31, 1929, he was commissionary service in the Congo under pelled to lay down his work. The Lord did not let him linger long, and early in . .. .. the Baptist Board, died March 8. March took him to his reward. Many of THE REV. DR. HILTON PEDLEY, for his dark-skinned children in the faith forty years a missionary in Japan for were waiting to greet him on the other the A. B. C. F. M., died March 25, in side. Of him it can be truly said that he finished the work which the Lord gave . .. .. Claremont, Calif. him to do. DR. SELDEN PALMER SPENCER, of Can- ton, China, died March 6 after a short PERSONALS illness. Dr. Spencer went to China in 1915 and was engaged in educational DR. F. ERNEST JOHNSON, Executive work. * * .. Secretary Research Department of the Federal Council, has sailed for a three MISS ETHEL M. ESTEY, Methodist mis- months' survey of both Y. M. and Y. W. sionary for twenty-nine years in Pyen- C. A. work in the Orient. yang and Yengbyen, died last September in Los Angeles. The Ethel Estey Bible DR. JAMES H. *FRA*NK*LIN, of the Bap- Training School has been founded in her hOllor in Korea. tist Foreign Mission Society, is visiting the West China Mission, which, in its * * .. forty years of history, has never been visited by a Board representative. Dr. MRS. MARY BLISS DALE, daughter of Franklin will later spend considerable the Rev. Dr. Daniel Bliss, founder and time in East and South China, Japan and first president of the American Univer- the Philippines. sity of Beirut, died in Beirut, Syria, March 8, in her seventy-fourth year. In THE REV. WAN'"G C'"HIH* P'ING, Superin- 1905 Mrs. Dale organized the Woman's Hospital of the American University of tendent of Peiping District of the Chi- Beirut, which, under her administration, has grown until it now has 102 beds and nese Methodist Church, has been elected a school of nursing with 56 students of many nationalities. bishop, the first Oriental to receive this * .. .. office.

*** Lucy C. WANG, graduate of Hwa Nan THE REV. DR. HENRY THOMAS PERRY, for fifty years a missionary in Turkey College, Foochow, China, was installed under the A. B. C. F. M., died March 29, at his home in Ashfield, Mass. Dr. Perry as President of this College on January was almost 92 years old. 18. .. '" '" • * .. MRS. MATSU TSUJI and Mrs. Taki Shi- dachi, of Tokyo, will attend the Y. W. THE REV. WILLIAM HENRY WEINLAND, for more than forty years the devoted C. A. Convention in Detroit, April 25and efficient superintendent of the Moravian mission work among the Indians of May 1. Mrs. Shidachi is President of Southern California, died March 7 at the Tokyo Y. W. C. A. and member of Martinez on the Torres Reservation in Riverside County, California, aged 69. the Woman's Peace Society of Japan. Mr. Weinland was born in Bethlehem, January 23, 1861, and was educated in .. * * the Moravian College and Theological BISHOP KOGORO UZAKI, of the Japan Seminary in Bethlehem. After two years of missionary service in Alaska, which Methodist Church since 1919, died in he was compelled by ill health to relinquish, and two years in an Iowa pastor- Tokyo on April 2, from apoplexy, aged ate, he began work in 1889 among the sixty. Indians of Southern California, upon whom Helen Hunt Jackson, by her thrill- * '" '" ing story of Ramona, published in 1884, had focused the pitying attention of the THE REV. CHARLES W. ABEL, for forty nation. Here he accomplished a work of years a missionary in New Guinea, was outstanding significance. He found the Indians hopeless, despairing, degraded struck by a motor car April 5th in Lonoutcasts. He has left them self-support- don and died April 10th from injuries.

He had gone to England, after touring the United States in the interest of the New Guinea Evangelization Society, to confer with the English friends of the society in regard to the work of the mission. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Africa Inland Mission DEIJAVAN L. PIERSON, EdItor Headquarters: ARTHUR J. BROWN, Editor lor lUQ 373 Carlton Ave. Brooklyn, N. Y.

CONTENTS-MAY, 1930 —~-~– Page Long centuries have elapsed since Cal- vary, but Africa still lies under a pall of FRONTISPIECE – Women of Sumatra midnight blackness, and cruel crimes at- WeLt ving Clotll tend its devil worship.

TODAY TN 'fIlE LAND OF YESTER· Thank" God for the changes which the DAy •…..••… DELAVAN h PIERSON 325 Gospel of grace, preached by mission- aries, has made in places where groups AMERICAN MISSIONS IN SIAM ..•.. of devoted Christians are witnessing to · ……………… PRINCE DAMRON" 331 the power of the blood. But the other ninety per cent of its one hundred and A ~IISSIONARY AND A DONKEy …. fifty million souls—"How shall they hear without a preacher?" ·•••. .. . .. . .. . . ELIZABETH .M. LEE 337 —~— MISSIONARY ROThfANCE IN MALAY- SIA …………. J OH'" R. DENYES 342 Inland Africa and other literature sent free on request. m;RAL LIFE SUNDAY, MAY 25, 1930 · ……………. , ……. COE IIAYNE 347 Pray for Dark Africa EASTER IN HONOLULU •..•••.••..• •••••••.•. . .• •• , WARRE~ B. SCANLON a-U} ISOLATED IN CENTRAL AF'RICA …. • ..•.. By A MISSIONARY IN UHODESIA 350 LEWISCOT LEAGUE .. JAMEs M. SMITH 354 THIRD BIENNIAl, .MEDICAl, MIS- SIONS CON~'ERENCE . . . . _. . . . . . . .

· ………………. EDWIN M. DODD 356 THE INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELA- TIONS •……… EDWARD C. CARTER 358 NEW NEEDS FOR THE OLD BOOK •.

•.•…•..•. . GEORGE WILLIAM BROWN 362 A NEEDY FIELD _……. J. T. LARSEN 364 Unequaled Values TOPICS OF THE TIMES _. __ .. _.. _… 365 Special Discounts 'Wlly Missiotlary Contributions De- dined'

lVhat Ahout Anti-Christian Sentiment in OhinaT General Smuts on Missions in A/rica- METIIODS FOR WORKERS ..•..••.•• · ….. EDITED BY Mas. F. I .•TOHNSON 369 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- Field Secretaries, Purchasing Agents SlON BULLETIN ……….. _. _. _. 376 for religious organizations operating in foreign countries can secure guar- WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK………… 382 anteed quality merchandise direct from us, with special wholesale dis- BOOKS WORTH READING •. _. . . . . . • 395 counts on orders for their stations.

TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 IneJubs of Mission Boards can save money by live.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, ordering all their supplies and equip- 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, ment from our wholesale Depart- 1930, by MISSIONARY RSVIEW PUBLISHING COM- ment. PANY, INC. All right. reserved. Missionaries should write us about 'fHE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. their needs. 10 % cash discounts on ROBERT E. SPIER, President all personal orders of $50.00 or more WILLI.Hi I. CHAHBIlJtLAIN. Vice-President selected from our general catalogue, with the exception of flour and sugar. DmLAvAN L. P n:IlSON, oSecretarll W A.LTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Our catalogue for 1930 No. 112 FREE to Missionaries upon request. Publication Omce, 3d &. Reily St., Harrisburg, Pa. 2M a copy. $2.50 a year.

Editorial Ilnd BUSiness Omce, 156 Flfth-,Avenue, "~"'." New York City Montgomery Ward & Co.

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LIII. No. 5 May

THE MISSIONARY 1f,eWO .. ,–~ .~~~"

TODAY IN THE LAND OF YESTERDAY From the Land of the Sphynx to the Port of Sinbad the Sailor BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER NO.3 T HE modern and the ancient sailed through the skies at ninety jostle' each other in the Ori- miles an hour across the Suez Caent. The camel and the don- nal, the desert of Sinai, and the key dispute the way with the plains of Judea where once dwelt automobile; the airplane sails the the Philistines, landing for break- sky in sight of the dhow that tra- fast at Gaza, the city made famous verses the sea; electric lights il- by Samson. From there we flew lumine museums filled with cen- over the hills and valleys of Judea, turies old pottery lamps; water 1,500 feet above the earth, looking carriers, with goat skins filled with down on the field of Bethlehem water across their backs, pass mod- where the shepherds heard the glad ern soda-water stands; European tidings of the Saviour on the first hotel servants in French dinner Christmas morning, and across to jackets are rival claimants for the hill outside of Jerusalem where backsheesh with black skinned Af- He died for mankind, and to the ricans in long white gowns; for- mountain where He ascended after eigners from all lands, speaking He had given His disciples the many tongues, barter and discuss great mISSIOnary commlSSlon.

religion with men who think and Then we traversed the Dead Sea, act only in accord with the customs while the whole of the land of and traditions of past centuries. Promise from Beersheba to Mount We "hustled the East" and Hermon lay stretched before us like jumped across time and space by a huge relief map-the land where flying in one day, twelve hours, Christian missions were inaugu- from the· land of the Pharaohs to rated and the ambassadors of the the capital city of the Arabian Saviour were empowered.

Nights. It was an experience as After eight hours further flight thrilling as if Aladdin had invited across the barren mountains and us to accompany him on his magic plains of Moab, crossing the Hed- carpet. The thrill began at 5 A. M., jaz railway and the Euphrates Riv- when we left the ground at Heli- er, we looked down upon the lights opolis in sight of the pyramids, and of Baghdad and gracefully landed • 325

on the flat plains of Mesopotamia. best the missionary can provide, One day Haroun a1 Raschid read but the usual daily fare, without A book wherein the poet said: the variety found in American mar- Where are they and where the rest kets, must become wearisome. The Of those who once the world pos- visitor sees the work for a day or sessed? two-a school in session, an Arabic Gone, with all their pomp and show, service, a brief tour for tract dis- Gone the way that thou shalt go. tribution in the bazaar or along the Haroun a1 Raschid bowed his head, road-but he does not appreciate A tear fell on the page he read. the continuous toil in sickness and These words of the ancient poet in health, in summer and winter, have long since been fulfilled with with few seekers after light and regard to Baghdad and the kings little apparent fruit to encourage.

and caliphs that once ruled Mesopo- Visitors come from the land of tamia, now Iraq. The glory has wealth, without much experience of departed and poverty and dirt pre- privation; the missionary lives in vail instead. Here is one of the the midst of dire poverty and, as a chief centers of the United Mission rule, faces continual privation both of Mesopotamia, an experiment in in personal comforts and in equip- united work which for four years ment for the work. All honor to has been carried on under three the missionaries, especially in fields societies, American Presbyterian, like Iraq where fanaticism and su- Reformed Church in America and perstition oppose the messenger of Reformed Church in the U. S. The the Gospel at every turn, and missionaries of these societies are where the hard and stony fields of united in seeking to express the Islam seem to offer little soil where message that will bring new life to the Word planted will take root and these lands of yesterday. bear fruit. The missionary's op- A passing traveler, however timism and faithfulness are not deep and real his interest, cannot stimulated by large congregations clearly describe, much less to pass or abundant backing from the judgment on, mission work to home church, but are based on their which patient toilers have devoted faith in God and in the power of years of thought and labor and the GospeL prayer. In the first place, few Even to the passing traveler board executives or other visitors Baghdad seems a difficult field. It see the climate at its worst. We is in the midst of Shiah Moslems, arrived in Baghdad in winter, and the reformed sect of Islam, who could easily·endure a little rain and have many near-by sacred shrines cold weather. But the missionaries and who consider themselves better live through the season in poorly than the Sunnis. The ignorance of built, unheated houses. Outside, the people also makes mission work the rains fill the narrow streets difficult. While the Iraq Govern- with pools and mud. In summer, ment is establishing public schools, when there are no foreign visitors, there is not room for ten per cent the thermometer rises to furnace of the school age population. Mul- heat from which only partial ref- titudes cannot read or write, and in uge is found in the lowest rooms the bazaars and shops we saw many by day and on the roof by night. public scribes sitting cross-legged A traveler is welcomed with the on the floor with ink horn and reed

TODAY IN THE LAND OF YESTERDAY

SCENE ON THE TIGRIS RIVER AT BAGHDAD pen, writing letters or making doc- The mission work in Busrah conuments for illiterate customers. sists in evangelism, education and When the missionary is asked for ministry to the Christian populaa tract or Scripture portion, before tion. The government hospital complying he makes sure that the meets to a fair degree the medical applicant can read. needs of the community. The evan- gelistic work, in charge of the Rev. But the saddest problem is that F. J. Barney, is in the form of of the women and children. Many preaching services in the mission women are prisoners behind lat- house, tract and Scripture distriticed windows, and those who go bution. We visited the small· misinto the street must wear the black sion bookshops where men gather mantle and veil that allows no part to read and talk and where a Chrisof the body to be seen, except occa- tian worker interviews inquirers. sionally a foot with its heavy an- This bookshop offers an excellent klet. What the Gospel of Christ point of contact. The Arab or Iraqi has done for women is made clear who can read likes to use his abilat every turn in the Orient by the ity. He has few facilities, being sight of those still in bondage. Lit- too poor to buy books. Those who tle children, as seen in the streets, have learned English or French are dirty, ragged and sore eyed, have no desire for fiction but but many have bright smiles and choose foreign books of a serious intelligent faces and are eager to nature. The habit of frequenting learn. One shudders to think that the omnipresent coffee houses at most of them are destined to grow all hours of day and night has been up into men and women of the type the custom at least since the days we see, apparently thinking only of Haroun al Raschid. These cofof how to satisfy their physical ap- fee shops are not merely places for petites and who know God only as gossip and passing the time, but Allah.

are the forums or bourses where Our visit to the Boys' School, in men of various trades meet to charge of the Rev. and Mrs. C. K.

transact business. Thus they offer Staudt, was impressive. There are a good field for tract distribution 365 pupils, many of them from the and personal interviews. Men nat- families of Government officials urally drop into the mission book- and one third of them Moslems.

shop to read or converse, and a Each morning assembly includes skillful Christian worker is able to Scripture reading, prayer and a plant many a good seed. We were Christian message. The Bible is a told that the most popular and ef- regular part of the curriculum and fective Christian literature in Iraq the avowed object of the school is are Gospel portions, such allegories to present Christ to Moslems, Jews as Pilgrims Progress, Arabic Par- and Christians. No objection is ables by Miss 1. Lilias Trotter, made by Moslem or Jewish parents.

"Sweet First Fruits" by Sir Wil- Ministry to the Christians who liam Muir, volumes by Pfander, make their home in Baghdad is an and the biographers of such Chris- important part of the mission tian heroes as Livingstone and work. We attended a Sunday Pennell. morning Arabic service and found Mrs. Pierson saw the education- the room well filled. There are al work for girls in charge of Mrs. many Assyrian Christians who Sharon J. Thoms. It is strictly have found refuge in Iraq from "purdah," no man is permitted to persecution in Persia. These peo- enter. There are 135 pupils, rang- ple are being strengthened for ing from seven to fourteen years service to their fellow nationals.

of age, one third of them Moslems. Infinite faith, patience and devo- It is a school of primary and sec- tion are required for continued ondary grade, but too often the pu- work in a city like Baghdad, but pils of eight to thirteen years of He who called His servants to sow age are taken away by their par- will not deny the harvest. Several ents to be married. Last year the men are now asking for baptism.

Mission was unable to grant much An excellent work is being car- needed funds for additional equip- ried on by the Y. M. C. A. under ment, but the Moslem landlord Donald Munro and Harold Lam- made a contribution in the form of pard. The outstanding service is lower rent, repairs and sanitary to young men of the British Royal improvement so that there might Air Force who find in the "Y" ref- be a good school for his daughter to uge from the temptations of the attend. The girls take pride in city and strength in the Bible learning English and give especial classes and Christian contacts.

attention to their Bible lessons. No The other Mesopotamia stations protest has come from Moslem par- of the United Mission are at Mosul, ents to this Bible study require- near ancient Nineveh, where there ment. The school offers an excel- are a language school, an Arabic lent opportunity for a point of Evangelical Church and eight mis- contact with Moslem houses and sionaries, and at HilIeh, near the Mrs. Thoms is able to visit many ruins of Babylon, where the Rev.

of the mothers and to explain to and Mrs. Albert G. Edwards are them the Bible stories learned by located. The native workers in- their children. clude five ordained men, seventeen

colporteurs and teachers, and in secret, a father and a son each eighteen women. Thus the Gospel warning the missionary not to inis being preached on the plain of form the other of his interest in the Dura near where Nebuchadnezzar Christian message. Mr. Edwards, erected his gold image, where Dav- by his persistent tract distribution, id and his friends witnessed to has won the title of "The Father of their faith in God, and where Bel- the Bookbag." As we visited the shazzar received his warning bazaars and coffee shops he was through the handwriting on the frequently stopped and asked for a wall. book. In Iraq, the Moslems prefer tracts without pictures, as the cin- The proximity of such sacred ema has not yet removed ancient shrines as Kerbela and Nejef STREET SCENE IN MOSUL OPPOSITE NINFJVEI-I means a stronger influence exerted prejudice against them. The Arab by fanatical mullahs against the who can read is proud of the ac- Christian message. When Mr. and complishment and will read aloud Mrs. Edwards opened the station, to his neighbors. They discuss the they met with determined opposi- new point of view presented, argue tion. Moslems refused to serve obscure questions, and then some them and dark looks followed them one decides to ask the foreigner for as they visited the bazaars. Appli- an explanation. Thus the seed is cation to open a bookshop was re- planted and some of it takes root fused, but the missionary used his and grows. The tracts are taken own house for the purpose. Gos- home or carried on journeys and pels and Christian tracts were dis- are often heard of long distances tributed and later the bookshop from the point of distribution. was opened. In spite of warnings and a ban against it by the mul- The apostolic method of evangellahs, the shop is patronized. In- ism is followed in HilIeh. The quirers visit the mission, at times people hesitate to come to the mis- sionary, even by night, so the mis-

sionary goes to If;hem in the bazaars, Abraham left at the call of God to on the roads, and particularly in leave home. Our next stop was at the coffee shops which always pro- Busrah, the ancient Bassorah from vide an audience. Occasionally the which Sinbad, the Sailor, was remissionary has been refused per- puted to set out on his eventful mission to sit and drink coffee in voyages. Here the Reformed these shops, but usually he is wel- Church in America has one of its comed, although his cup is after- principle Arabian stations. The wards taken to the river to be Rev. John Van Ess is in charge of washed ceremonially. Curiosity is the school for boys where each of a powerful motive with the Arab the 430 pupils is brought face to and leads to many an interesting face with the Gospel for at least conversation. The missionary may half an hour each day. Instruction read aloud to the colporteur and of high grade is given, but the soon has a growing audience. Lat- whole purpose is evangelistic. er, some of them ask for tracts or The Busrah girl's school, also Gospels and take them away to under the Arabian Mission, is enread or to ask others to read to joying the fine new buildings rethem. The story of the feeding of cently erected. It is strictly "purthe five thousand is very popular dah" and is in high repute. It also in a country where few have even is playing an important part in the eaten so as to "be filled" or to have building of Christian character. anything left over. At times some There are 130 girls enrolled of interested listener in the crowd will whom about one half are Moslems. quiz the others on what has been A Bible shop, itinerating work, litread. The missionaries also find erature distribution, home visitathat personal testimony as to what tion and Arabic preaching services Christ has done for them is effec- are used as other means of giving tive as it was in the days of the the Gospel to the Arabs of Busrah. apostle Paul. It is a pioneer field The influence of Christian misand no braver, more .cheery Chris- sions in Arabia is clearly shown in tian ambassadors will be found the changed attitude shown by the than those laboring here against Arabs toward the missionary and many adds, physical and religious. the message. Formerly the attitude The Friends of Arabia Mission was almost wholly antagonistic; has also its station in Hilleh. It this year there is a spirit of inquiry was started a few years ago by rather than of controversy. We Miss Grace O. Strang and has now were told that even pilgrims to the six missionaries. Its principles and sacred Shiah shrine tours, such as practice are similar to those of the Kerbela and Nejef, show less hos- Christian and Missionary Alliance. tility. Large areas of Iraq are now Leaving HiIleh, with pleasant open to the Gospel and only wait memories of a faithful' group of for ambassadors of Christ to go in intrepid pioneers, we stopped at and occupy the field. There are Ur of the Chaldees, where Profes- requests for extended work and sor Wooley is carrying on excava- there is no need to camoflage the tions and has recently unearthed Gospel. Now is the time to go up very interesting temples, houses and possess the land in the name and graves of men and women who and power of Jesus Christ, the Savlived over a thousand years before iour of the world.

H. R. H. PRINCE

ON AMERICAN MISSIONS IN SIAM The celebration of the Centennial of in our school. We boys liked them better, for they contained pictures. Protestant Missions in Siam, which I was about ten years of age aroused widespread interest, has been when I came face to face with an American missionary for the first commemorated by an attractive illustrated time-apart, of course, from the medical man who vaccinated me as volume entitled "Historical Sketch of a baby. H. M. King Chulalongkorn Protestant Missions in Siam." A notable feature of the volume is the introductory chapter which was written by His Royal Highness, Prince Damrong, a brother of fonner King Chulalongkorn, an uncle of the present King, long a Cabinet Min- ister and one of the most influential men in modern Siam. He is a Buddhist, but hi s loyalty to his ancestral faith has not prevented him from recognizing the large value of missionary work and from form- ing personal friendships with many mis- sionaries. The editor met him during his visit in Siam,. and was profoundly im- pressed by his ability, character and breadth of outlook. The introduction to the volume referred to is a remarkable statement about Christian missionaries from a man of royal rank in a non-Chris- tian land. We regret that we have not space to publish it in ful1, but we are sure that the following extracts win be A. J. B. read with keen interest.

I APPRECIATE the request to l'HINCE DAMRONG write an introduction as one arising from friendship based had then established an English on mutual respect and confidence. School within the precincts of the It is a great pleasure to me to con- Grand Palace, and, outside the tribute a small share to the cele- school building, there was a lawn bration of this important anniver- on which we played during the insary of the American Missions in terval between school hours. Close Siam. to the playground was occasionally to be seen a tall, spare man with a The American missionaries came beard similar to the traditional to Siam thirty-three years before Uncle Sam himself. He wore a my birth. I came into contact with gray helmet with a chimney-lookthem for the first time when, by ing means of ventilation, a long command of my August Father, black alpaca coat reaching almost H. M. King Mongkut, I was vac- to his knees, a pair of duck troucinated by a medical missionary. sers, with an umbrella in one hand I have the marks of that con- and a number of books in the other. tact on me still. When I began to It was an American missionary, learn to read and write Siamese, the first schoolbooks were in manuscript, but later on printed first lessons in Siamese were published by Bradley's Press and were used 331

and he was distributing books and in the same Government Departpamphlets to bystanders and pass- ment. Some years after, when I ers-by. was in charge of the Department of Education, Dr. McFarland served It was thus that at ten years of as headmaster in a Government age, I first made friends with a School under the direction of my missionary. In later years, when department. The doctor impressed I had learned to speak English, and me, as he impressed all who carne when my English tutor desired me into contact with him, by his excelto practice conversation, he took lent pronunciation of our language. me to English-speaking households To hear him speak without seeing to give me as much opportunity as him, we would not recognize the possible. Roads were few at the voice of a foreigner. Of the Eurotim e, and communication was peans or Americans who have corne mainly by boat. Of the mission- to Siam, many study the language aries whose houses were within of the country and know it very easy reach were Dr. and Mrs. well, but I have not met one with a Chandler and Dr. and Mrs. D. B. pronunciation superior to that of Bradley. We paid frequent visits Dr. S. G. McFarland. to their houses. I remember meeting Dr. Bradley once or twice in Other missionaries I met in that the later years of his life, but after day were, among others, Dr. House, his death we continued to visit his Dr. N. A. McDonald, Dr. Dean and family, of which Mrs. Bradley was Dr. D. McGilvary. With the last then the head. The lady lived long named I carne into contact again after the death of her husband, and later, when, having become Minonce she said to me, "I am old, and ister of the Interior, I visited Chiit matters little when I die. Only engrnai during the course of my one thing weighs on my mind and inspection of the provinces, and it is that the King of Siam is not there renewed the friendship which a Christian yet. When he is con- had started many years before. verted, I shall die happy." I must confess that, being young, I felt My acquaintance with the misamused at the time, but subsequent sionaries began, as above stated, in reflection convinced me of the most my boyhood. As I carne to know earnest good will on her part. more of them, I began to learn the value of their work. Many of the Apart from the Bradleys, the American mIsSIonaries, notably McFarlands were a family with Dr. MacDonald, Dr. Chandler and whom I was on terms of friendship a son of Dr. Bradley, acted as Engfrom my youth. After leaving lish interpreters to the Governschool, I became an officer of the ment. As A. D. C. to King Chula- King's Bodyguard and accompa- longkorn, it was my duty to attend nied His Majesty on most of his trips into the country. At Bejra- on His Majesty at private audiburi I met the McFarlands for the ences granted to foreigners, and it first time. Dr. S. G. McFarland was such occasions which increased was in charge of the Mission in my friendship with the mission- aries who carne to interpret. The that town, and with him I visited King understood English, but did the mission schools for boys and not care to speak it. The intergirls, little thinking that we would, preters knew this, and usually rein time to corne, become colleagues mained silent when a foreign

H. R. H. PRINCE DAMRONG

PRINCE DAMRONG ADDRESSING ~~HE LEPERS AT CHIENGMAI ASYLUM visitor spoke to the King, only monks, who have from time imtranslating H. M.'s words each time memorial instructed the youths of he spoke. There was, however, an the country. But the teaching of interpreter who did his work con- a European language and other scientiously, and tried to translate forms of education based on such everything said in English into Si- language had been introduced by amese, and vice versa. The careful the American missionaries (the interpreter was Dr. Chandler, who Catholics had not yet started the always spoke Siamese with the ut- Assumption College). For the immost deliberation, and in spite of mediate future, education in Siam, his thorough knowledge of our lan- as I saw it, depended not alone on guage, took more time to utter a continuing to utilize the services of the monks but also in enlisting the sentence than any other one I have aid of the missionaries. Would it met. It was amusing when Dr. be possible, considering the diver~ Chandler, having got half-way gence of their religious points of with his translation from English view, to induce the two classes of into Siamese, the King started to people to cooperate so far as the reply, and the interpreter had to temporal education of the youths of stop his translation to the king and the country was concerned. It bebegin translating His Majesty's hooved me, as organizer of a new words to his guest. system of education, to study the work of the missionaries. When I was appointed to take charge of the education of the coun- The primary object of the estry, it was necessary for me to pay tablishment of the American Misgreater attention to the work of sions in this country is, of course, the American mIssIOnaries. In the propagation of the Christian Siam the work of imparting knowl~ faith. But while the aim is comedge in the vernacular has always mon to· all Missions, methods apbeen entrusted to the Buddhist

pear to differ. Apart from spread- fair knowledge of the English lan- ing the knowledge of Christ and of guage, the Siamese went on to the religious instruction, the American study of subjects such as history, missionaries have adopted, from politics, military science, medicine, the beginning, the humane work of engineering, shipbuilding, and so providing medical service to the on. By the middle of the 19th cencommunities among whom they tury (Christian era) their antici- work, and also of assisting in 1}Ie pation proved correct, for our introduction, or the expansioT., of relations with Europe and America education along western lines. The increased to a degree not realized medical and educational services by men of the older generation, and are a means to an end of course treaties of friendship and com- but the means have bpen widely merce came to be made between appreciated apart from the end it- Siam and most of the countries of self. The first American mission- Europe and the United States of aries came here on their way to America. The American mission- China, and came with some knowl- aries, who rendered invaluable edge of the Chinese language, ac- service to the Siamese in the initial quired in Europe and Singapore. stage of their occidental education It was therefore among the Chinese and of their contact with the westresidents of this country that the ern world, continued to serve the Missions originally confined their Government as interpreters up to teaching in Siam. But, in spite of the time of my youth, when I pertheir ignorance of the Siamese lan- sonally had occasion to observe guage, the missionaries were able them at work as translators at into render medical service to the terviews. people, who consequently regarded But in assisting the Siamese all missionary men as doctors. Government as above described, That is why even today a mission- the missionaries neglected no part ary man is usually addressed as of their own work, which, however "Doctor" in the interior of Siam. did not run as smoothly as might The establishment of the first have been the case. As an instance American Missions in Siam coin- of the attitude of the highly placed cided with the time when changes Siamese at an early period, I may began to take place in this country quote a passage from a book by on the question of her foreign pol- Chow Phya Dibakarawongse. icy. Many Siamese of high stand- "Dr. Caswell remarked to me ing, notably the younger members that if the religion of Buddha preof Royalty, realized the necessity, vailed throughout the world, there in order to keep up with the times, would be an end of mankind as all of acquiring a knowledge of for- men would become monks and there eign tongues as a step to further would be no children. This, he learning, and King Mongkut (then urged, showed it was unsuited to in the monkhood) and some of his be the universal religion and therebrothers began to take lessons in fore could not be the true religion. English. They were followed by I replied that the Lord Buddha many of the younger members of never professed that his religion the nobility. Needless to say, it was would be universal. He was but the American missionaries who as a transient gleam of light, inditaught them. After acquiring a cating the path of truth. His re-

ligion was but as a stone thrown lished, and of these I shall have into a pool covered with floating more to say. weeds; it cleared an opening through which the pure water was I will now resume the narration seen, but the effect soon died away of my contact with the American and the weeds closed up as before. missionaries, into which my duties The Lord Buddha saw the bright, the exact, the abstruse, the difficult brought me. As Minister of Educourse, and but for the persuasion cation, my friendship with them of angels would not have attempted eJ abled me to enlist the aid of misto teach that which he considered siodlries interested in education. too difficult for men to follow." Thus Rev. Colombet of the Cath- olic Mission, Dr. S. G. McFarland, It is evident from existing rec- Dr. J. A. Eakin, Dr. E. P. Dunlap, ords that, in spite of aggressive Miss E. 8 Cole of the American Presbyterian Mission, assisted in speech and lively opposition to their many ways in my work. respective views, neither Siamese nor American abandoned the good Of their medical service, much was seen by me later when, as Minfellow-feeling which one enter- ister of the Interior, my inspection tained for the other. Thus the mis- tours took me to all parts of Siam. Among their hospitals in the interisionaries were ever ready to render or of the country those at Bejraservice to the Foreign Minister, buri, Nagar Sridharmaraj, Bishnu- 10k and Chiengmai have rendered which the old nobleman recipro- excellent service to the people of those respective localities. To see cated with warm friendship and such munificent work is to recogwilling assistance whenever de- nize the sterling quality of the men and women who, thousands of miles sired. It is a source of pride to us from the land of their birth, will- ingly serve humanity without the to be able to state that neither King least expectation of material gain, nor people, official and nonofficial their sole object being the conver- sion of alien communities to the alike, have ever taken exception to faith which, to them, is the only the religious views of the mission- enlightened one. Whether or not aries, who have thus been able to they succeed in their initial aim, or establish themselves without let or whatever the extent of success, hindrance from the time of their their humane and altruistic work first arrival in Siam. must be regarded with admiration. To them are due the grateful Of the benefits introduced into thanks of the communities among the country by the American Mis- whom they work. sions, their educational and medical services stand out in especial Speaking from my own observaprominence. In education, the tion, the present work of the Amerteaching of English at a time when ican Missions in this country has there was no other means of ac- prospered beyond comparison with quiring knowledge of that language the work of their pioneers. The must be emphasized as an impor- reason appears to me to be this: tant piece of work …… As re- that the missionaries, having lived gards the medical service, the long enough in Siam, have come to introduction of vaccination and western surgery, by Dr. D. B. Bradley, conferred inestimable benefit on the country. Later on, missionary hospitals were estab~

appreciate the character of her in- persecuted, and this has been emhabitants, and have changed their phasized in an announcement remethods to suit such character. cently made by command of his Thus, instead of abusing Buddhism present majesty, wherein the King as a first step to the extolling of offers a prize each year for the Christianity, they set about to ex- best essay on Buddhism. In that hibit Christian virtue, and thus in- announcement it is plainly stated spire faith in a religion which that an essay submitted in competipossesses such good points. Ag- tion for the prize shall not refer to gressive works have been aban- other religions in contemptuous doned in favor of a gentler method, terms. It is recognized that reliand the results must surely be more gions confer happiness on the peosatisfactory from the missionary ple, and the King's support of all viewpoint. faiths is, in effect, the support of ITINERATING MISSIONARIES The attitude of this country from all his people. Consequently, altime immemorial has been that of though we are essentially a nation complete toleration of the freedom of Buddhists, the King's Governof religious thought. The State re- ment puts no obstacle in the way ligion has always been Buddhism, of any of His Majesty's subjects but the State does not interfere belonging to another religion, be it with its people in the matter of Christianity, Hinduism, Islam or faith. More than that, the Kings any other faith. This fact is well of Siam have always assisted other known to all who know Siam. religions in the country, the most recent instance of such help being As regards the American mis- King Chulalongkorn's gift of the sionaries, their sterling qualities land on which the British Christ and the good work they have done Church stands in Bangkok. It is in educational and medical matters also the desire of the sovereigns have always been fully recognized, that foreign religions shaH not be and their friendship with the peo- ple of Siam extends to all classes.

A MISSIONARY AND A

"M BY ELIZABETH M. LEE Y FIRST trip on my own High up in the little village of II donkey! He is good and Maten stands the old mission house. strong and bays loudly In the spring of the year the place and bids fair to be all that a mis- is abloom with fragrant wistaria sionary donkey should be. His climbing up to the second story name is Ebenezer (didn't I raise balcony, and the garden paths are the money for him in America 1), bordered with white and purple but we call him 'Nebby' for short." iris in full flower. Here Miss Rob- Almost any day the American inson lives with two French girls girl who sent home this appraisal who are her colleagues in the work.

of her first donkey may be seen, accompanied by her French colleague on another donkey, riding Ebenezer over the stony mountain paths of Kabylia, where they are both missionaries.

Martha Robinson, graduate of A KABYLE GIRL WITH HER LITTLE Ohio Wesleyan University not BROTHER many years ago, is the first American missionary to the Kabyle peo- Week after week the American ple, the original Berbers, who fled missionary does not hear her own before the Arab invasion of North language spoken, for her French Africa in the seventh century and friends know no English so she settled high up in the mountains must speak French with them and of Algeria. The Kabyles have tak- with the French pastor and his en the hills unto themselves and wife. With the Kabyles they must there have built their tiny villages all speak the language of the counon the spurs, forever on the look try, a tongue peculiar to these out, standing proudly on the top mountains. of the world, as it were. Back here in their mountain home life for II Maten looks out upon thirteen them is much as it was in the time other villages perched on the mounof Abraham. In dress, furniture and tools they remind one of the patriarchs of the Bible. The women still carry their water from the village well in huge jars on their heads and grind their wheat between two stones. The men till the soil with oxen and a plough such as was used in Bible days. Women rub clothes on a rock in the midst of a stream while the men wash clothes with their feet, dancing a sort of jig meanwhile.

337 2

tain crests, spotting the landscape. girls are different. They can't A Kabyle village is merely a group learn such things." And when the missionaries plead further that the of miserable little stone and mud children be given a chance, the fahuts closely crowded together. The thers shake their heads and reply, way from one village to another "But if they learn too much they lies over winding, rugged, steep will not be content to stay at home paths and the only mode of con- and live as they do." The missionveyance is the donkey. So the two aries have persisted, however, and donkeys, Ebenezer and his pal, in a few years they have built up a form a very important part of the real school which has won the recmission family as they carry the ognition of the French Government missionaries day by day over these of Algeria. Here some thirty little mountain tracks on their work of girls are learning the simplest of lessons and from school are being evangelism. introduced to church and Sunday- Beyond II Maten stand the high- school. The children come out bare- footed, in gay array, with their wee er mountains, majestic when on a brothers and sisters on their backs. bright sunny morning their snow- Having been taught by the miscapped peaks stand forth against sionaries the necessity of clean the sky or ar~ revealed through the hands and faces, some of them mists. Clothed with purple at sun- come running to school dripping set time against a sky of blended with water from the brook, where rose and gold, they are an evening they have made their morning abbenediction to these young women lutions without time to dry off. who are spending their lives in trying to bring to these mountain peo- When "olive season" begins ofple the message of Jesus Christ. ficially in this country the children are kept at horne to help gather The work of this mission is of olives and the school must take a three kinds, educational, evangel- vacation. The season opens with istic and medical. In other mission the offering of sacrifice. The men fields these adjectives are likely to kill bulls and distribute the meat connote modern school buildings, in the village in order to assure a well-equipped hospitals and Bible good olive season. The people of schools. In Kabylia the American a village all begin at the same time girl and her French friends are and spend the first three days gathworking away with the simplest ering the olives that are on the ground. After waiting another equipment, or with none at all, for week they tap the branches of the they live among a people centuries trees to get down the rest. From removed from modern civilization. the grayish green trees comes the First of all they organized a little "tap, tap, tap," as the men knock school for the girls who up to this down the fruit. All over the hills time have had no chance of an ed- one can see women and girls in ucation. bright red dresses, picking up the olives and placing them on large It has not been easy to keep the mats. Olive gathering covers a long school going. Kabyle fathers can- period for when one village has not understand why their little finished its task another begins and girls should learn to read and write, to tell Bible stories and sing hymns, to knit and sew. "That is all very well for your people," they say to the missionaries, "but the Kabyle

A MISSIONARY AND A DONKEY

the people move on to help their kissed him on the top of his head neighbors. This is the social event in gratitude. It was all the pay he of the year when all the villages got!

buzz with excitement. Members of Twice a week, and they wish it the family who work far away in were every day, the missionaries the city of Algiers come home for are able to minister to these sick the occasion and there is joy in the and to tell them of Jesus and His air. The children are so thrilled love, of how He lived and walked over the olives that they think it is among men, teaching them of the no time to sit in school and read Heavenly Father and of Christ's books, and their parents agree with sacrifice for their sins.

them.

These children and their elders know nothing of the art of medi- cine. Their cure-ails are those of ancient times. One day when the missionary had a stiff neck the school children said, HOh, what a shame she did not wash it in the blood of a sheep yesterday, for that would make it well." The impor- tant families often kill a sheep, as did the Israelites, and sprinkle the blood ceremonially, and some of them who have ailments wash themselves in the blood, which is supposed to have healing power.

These queer customs, so common today in Kabylia, make one under- stand better all that has been writ- ten in the Bible about sacrifices.

Christ healed the sick, and such ministry has become a vital part of the missionary work in Kabylia.

One of the French girls who is a EBENEZER AND PERCIVAL RF.ADY FOR nurse carries on a dispensary at A JOURNli) Y the mission where a French doctor from a town lower down the moun- But the donkeys? Where do they tains comes twice a week to help come into the picture? When Miss her care for the more serious cases. Robinson was at home on her fur- Not only from the village of II lough she said that she wanted Maten but from distant villages on above everything else a donkey of the mountains come men and wom- her own or, better still, two don- en and children to show their sores, keys! When she returned to Kaby- to tell of their aches and pains, the Iia last year she carried with her abscesses and scorpion bites. Some the money to purchase these ani- bring along toothaches. Once when mal helpers. Without them she and the Kabyle evangelist, who is some- Mademoiselle Annen, the French thing of a dentist, too, pulled a evangelist, could not carryon their tooth for a village woman, she work all over the mountains.

Mounted on Ebenezer and Percival, of it, live the sheep and goats, the for so the second donkey has been cows, mules and chickens. But here the missionaries always are christened, they may be seen start- received with sweet Kabyle hosing out early in the morning, over pitality and are served couscous, the often dangerous paths, to visit the native food, coffee, figs and the distant villages and carry the goats'milk. message of Christ to those who do not know of His love. Their fame In such a home one day they has gone out through Kabylia and found a baby badly burned and the surrounding villages entreat wound in many layers of filthy them to come and help them. rags. They unwrapped the child, applied ointment to the burns and As they ride into a village they covered them with clean cloths, and often meet the women at the well, gave the grateful mother some inwho need to find in Christ the Liv- structions for the care of her son. ing Water as did the woman of News of the missionaries' coming Samaria. It is a gay group of wom- had spread through the village and en and girls, barefooted, wearing in a little while the room was filled bright red or yellow dresses, often with women and children to whom ragged and torn, with colored Mademoiselle Annen talked about handkerchiefs on their heads, and on their backs the earthen water Christ and said it was His love in jars. Here the missionaries pause their hearts that made them leave a while to rest their donkeys and their own homes and come to help talk with the women. the Kabyle people. In another home they found a young girl who Often the conversation opens in had been officially engaged that a most casual way. One day when the American missionary laughed, very day-which means that her the Kabyle women saw for the first future husband had paid for her. time in their lives a gold tooth. In This wife cost him 500 francs, and great excitement the women pro- she was his fourth! He was hopceeded to show her that where they ing for better luck this time, as the had had teeth taken out there were other three had been so unruly he none to replace them. The incident had divorced them! In a home led to a conversation about good where they had visited before they teeth and bad ones, about taking arranged to hold a regular class out from our hearts other bad each week. The little girl of the things so as to be well and happy, family, excited at the prospect of since God sees all that is in our this weekly visit, asked querously, hearts and wants them to be white "You will come back, won't you?" and clean like the wool one of the The missionary assured her of their women was washing at the time. return but the child, a true Kabyle and more accustomed to lies than The missionaries remount their to the truth, replied sternly, "Look donkeys and ride on to visit in the out that you are not telling a lie!" homes. The houses, for the most part, are of one room, built of mud Often these Christian workers and stone, with tile or thatch roofs. give a practical demonstration of They are low and dark, and have their faith in their own home, as only the ground for a floor. With when they took in a mother- and the family in the same room, or her sick child. The woman was the usually occupying the larger half non-Christian wife of the native

evangelist. These parents had lost the missionaries converted into a little boy a few years before and money for the cause. this one was so ill with congestion of the lungs that the missionaries Miss Robinson, writing of her knew that the only way to save him missionary life in the mountains was to have him in their own home of Kabylia, says, "I seem to see where they could give him constant just how the people pressed around care. However, the mother and Jesus and followed Him from place sick child were not the only ones to place. I am sure they were much who came. The three-year-old like these among whom we work. daughter had to be by her mother's When I see the crowds gather side and two other children who go around us, I realize how it must to the mission school came to see have been when He wrought such the rest of the family. Of course miraculous cures. Oh, He need not the Christian father was there of- have suffered all that He did were ten and the family dog, finding the it not necessary, and somehow away off from civilization, up in village house deserted and lonely, these wild mountains where there came along, too. The mission house is quiet and time to think, and echoed with the cries of Kabyle where there is so much ignorance children. The missionaries busied and black sin, I seem to realize themselves with mustard plasters more than ever why it was Christ and other ministrations to the sick had to come and die for sinful man, baby. The rain descended in tor- and I would rather be an evangelrents so that even the beauty of the istic missionary in Kabylia than mountains was not present to ease anything else in the world." the anxiety of the watchers. And then, when they all were feeling In the midst of her little school that they could not stand any more, girls, who do not sing "Jesus Loves the fever went away and the sun Me" all on the same key, but who came out, and the family with at least all make a joyful noise unto grateful, happy hearts went back the Lord, or out at the village well to the village home, one half of with the women grouped around which is a stable filled with goats her eagerly listening to the Gospel at night. story, or healing the sick, this American girl has only joy that It takes real courage to come she has found her place in the 'out from among Moslem friends midst of a strange people. and relatives and be different, but a few natives have already left Is- "Would I go back to stay in lam behind and become followers of Jesus Christ. The collections America the rest of my life? Ah, taken by this little band often contain strange currency. One day no !. Islam with all that follows in when an offering was taken to buy its train in this country challenges Gospels to be distributed among those who do not have the word of me. The women at the well, so like God, one very poor old woman with great joy brought four eggs, which the one to whom Jesus spoke, and the little children on the hillsides have a peculiar fascination for me. They seem to call me, and I cannot leave them."

ROMANCE IN

BY JOHN R. DENYES, Professor of Missions, Lawrence College T o TRY to tell the story of a population of fifty millions, and missionary work in Malaysia Borneo where a hundred million in the compass of a magazine could find support on a basis far article is to try to do the impossi- higher than that on which the ma- bIe. For variety of social condi- jority of Asiatics are now living.

tions, for linguistic problems, for This is geographical Malaysia, specialized missionary needs, and unlimited in natural resources of for the sheer romance of achieve~ rubber, coal, oil, tin, timber, and ment, the Malaysia field is unpar~ every variety of tropical agricul- alleled. But even an impression- tural products. But the charm of istic glimpse of the needs and the Malaysia lies in its folks. Here we victories is worthwhile, though of have the America of the future, an necessity some splendid groups of indigenous population of 50,000,- men and women and the work they 000 of the Malayan family, corre- are doing must be left unrecorded. sponding to the Red Indian group Malaysia is a land little known of North America. Over this sub- in America, for the major part of stratum of humanity is pouring in the missionary work done there is ever-increasing volume, like the by workers of European origin; lava flow from great volcanoes, the and American commerce has not stream of Aryan Brown and Mon- yet spread abroad an adequate golian Yellow from British India knowledge of the country. and China. Five hundred thousand The Malay Peninsula is the a year are coming from the west bridge which in prehistoric ages and the north, and filtering into connected Southeastern Asia with every nook and cranny of these a great continent, now submerged, home-promising islands. Java with which lay between Asia and Au- a population of 37,000,000 more stralia. Just a narrow stip of land, than all the people in the United 1,800 miles long and 150 miles States west of the Mississippi wide, with a mountain ridge as a River, is already overcrowded, but backbone and wide fertile slopes the Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo"

covered with dense jungles. To and New Guinea can care for 400,- the west lies Sumatra, separated 000,000 more.

only by the shallow Straits of Ma- To the missionary whose objec- lacca; an island equal in size to tive is a Christian social order New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- where a child can be born with at vania, Ohio, and two-thirds of In- least a fighting chance of finding diana. Off to the south lies the in life the full development of his little island of Java, with its hun- body, mind, and personality, or dred volcanoes, of which half are soul, the question forces itself upon still active, but whose soil is of un- him, Where and how shall I take equalled fertility. Further east is hold? Where can the limited re- New Guinea, with its vast unex- sources of men and money which plored interior, while to the north I can command best serve as the are Celebes, capable of supporting leaven with which to leaven this 342

MISSIONARY ROMANCE IN MALAYSIA

whole conglomerate mass of needy multitudes are at least 7,000,000 humanity? Here is a vast inarticu- head-hunters of Borneo, and canni- late concourse of indigenous folks bals of New Guinea, primitive sav- who need to be given a vision of ages living as their fathers have better things. Shall I start at the lived for untold centuries and rep- bottom, where are found the least resenting 200 languages and dia- favored groups, and trust that the lects which have not as yet been Christian ideals will work their reduced to, writing. The tragedy way up till these shall have their lies not alone in their present back- rightful share in the opportunities ward state, but in the utter impos- of life? Or shall I assume that sibility of their meeting the condi- civilization in Malaysia is to be- tio,ns of life which will soon be come a two-strata type of serfs and forced upon them by the European- a privileged class, and that the Chinese-Indian stream of immi- ultimate victory for Christian gration; unless some adequate mis- ideals lies with the Christianiza- sionary force shall come to their tion of the aggressive, progressive, rescue and tit them to meet the westernized immigrant groups competition. Otherwise their story which, for at least a few genera- must be that of the American In- tions, will control the economic and dian.

political destinies of the land? For better or for worse upwards Tucked away in their mountain of a score of missionary societies fastnesses in the Malay Peninsula, have selected each a small section surrounded by 2,000,000 war-like, of this vast area and given of its semi-civilized Mohammedan Ma- best to establish the Kingdom of lays, are 40,000 tree-dwelling pyg- God in its own appointed region.

mies. These have not yet reached Each group has in its own way ex- the tribal stage of society, but for pressed its theory as to the best longer or shorter periods a few method of bringing about the de- families will travel and live in a sired results. Answered prayer, loose group of which each family is spiritual visions, patient and ap- an independent unit. Among these parently hopeless toil, fiery evan- people no missionary work has gelism and plodding school work, been done, for not even an itiner- sacrificial medical help, and glori- ant Methodist preacher could shep- ous martrydom have all found herd a flock which for conscience a place in the fascinating story.

sake never remains more than five In 1834, the American Board of days in one place. Commissioners for Foreign Mis- Speaking broadly, there has been sions sent to No,rth Sumatra two practically no work done for the young graduates from Amherst 5,000,000 Mohammedan Malays College. Scarcely had they found who occupy the Peninsula and the themselves in the interior of the coast regions of all the islands. island when they were killed and In Java, some effort has been ex- eaten by a tribe of Battaks. No pended but with meager results. other missionaries were sent out.

The whole interior of the south- But in the early sixties two Ger- ern half of Sumatra, the interior man missionaries under the pat- of Borneo, and the interior of New ronage of the Rhenish Mission Guinea are virgin missionary ter- found their way to these same Bat- ritory. Amo,ng these unreached tak tribes. One of these, nameq

Nommensen, had first become in- the excess products. The social terested when as a sailor before change has become so marked that the mast his ship sailed along the tribes far distant are appealing for coast of Sumatra and he heard the teachers, and the day of the mass story of Lyman and Munson. movement is upon them.

Thrilling as a "best seller" was In striking contrast to this work the story Nommensen told me of among the Sumatra cannibals is his early struggles to break that of the American Methodist through the crust of animism to Episcopal Mission in the Malay the hearts of these simple folk. Peninsula, North Sumatra, and Again and again they burned his West Borneo. With this group the home. They poisoned him, and for foundations of the Kingdom of a time his life hung in the balance. Heaven are being laid primarily Savage wars and the machinations among those of the immigrant of a powerful medicine-man-king, groups who give promise of fur- the great Singamaharadja, blocked nishing the leadership of the fu- the trail. But after years of ef- ture. If the policy of this Mission fort the harvest came through an were to be formulated it would epidemic in which hundreds of na- probably be about this: Christian- tives died.' The helplessness of the ize the leaders and they will fix the people was the missionary's oppor- social type; it is the thinkers whose tunity. Those who took the mis- ideas and ideals shape the lives of sionary's medicine recovered, but the people. .

those who took the disease and re- Who can determine the power of fused the medicine died. The rea- prayer and who can set its limita- soning was perfectly clear to the tions? In 1885 the Rev. J. M. Tho- primitive mind. The God of the burn, a Methodist missionary in white man was stronger than the India, afterward Bishop, became gods of the Battaks. The field was solicitous about opening a mission ripe for the evangelistic fervor in Singapore. About the same time which characterized this group of a business man in Singapore, workers, and converts came in Charles Philipps, became deeply ever-increasing numbers. Today anxious about the spiritual inter- there are upwards of 300,000 of ests of the Chinese of that city.

the cannibals who have joined the He had been doing evangelistic Mission. Every village has its work among them and had met church and its school. Hospitals with encouraging results, but felt have – been established. Schools his inability to do all that should have been provided for training be done. He appealed to the mis- native preachers and teachers; and sionary societies in England, but a growing literature is being met with no response. Then he brought within the reach of the gave himself to prayer. In a vision people. of the night he saw a ship coming The old fortified cities have into the harbor and on the deck broken down their walls, the land were three missionaries. So vivid is divided into individual farms, was the vision that he went to meet separate homes are springing up, the ship, and on the deck he recog- ambition has been awakened, until nized the missionaries whom he the Government has found it neces- had seen in his vision. These were sary to build a railway to carry off Mr. Thoburn, the Rev. W. F. Old-

ham, later Bishop of Malaysia, and were in dire poverty in Foochow, Bishop of South America, and with them was Miss Julia Batty. China, were taken to Sarawak under the auspices of the Meth- What was started as an evangel- odist Mission. The Raja granted istic mission soon became a great to the Mission for the use of these educational wO'l'k spread over the Peninsula, Sumatra, and West Chinese twelve miles of land along Borneo. Under the care of this both sides of the Redjang River organization are approximately a and as far back into the jungle as hundred schools ranging from they could clear and plant. kindergartens to high schools, as well as boarding schools and Bible In the days to come the aristoc- Training Schools. Except in the racy of Borneo will tell of these remoter villages the instruction is Pilgrim Fathers who suffered ungiven almost wholly in English, the future universal language of this told privations while building for field among the educated classes. their children homes in this land of Twelve thousand boys and girls tropical heat, tropical rains, tropiare being fitted for their places in cal diseases, and tropical peoples. the day when these islands will no But the days of the fiercest struglonger be colonies of England and gles are over. Thousands have fol- Holland but independent republics. lowed these pioneers. Great rice, rubber, cocoanut, and pepper plan- Along with the educational work tations have sprung up. Towns has gone the evangelistic program. The constituency, however, has have been huilt in the wilderness, been largely Chinese and Indian, and civilization is under way. rather than Malayan. The work has been more effective than the In the early days the missionstatistics would indicate. There aries, the Hoovers, lived in the galare at present about 9,000 mem- lery of a palm-leaf church, to bers of the church. But that is not which they climbed by a ladder. the whole story. Preaching to im- They begged money for a rice mill, migrants is preaching to a proces- which spread its benign influence sion. Not infrequently within a even to the depths of the jungle year's time, from one hundred to from which the head-hunters came three hundred converts return to hull their scanty crop of rice. to India or China and find their Schools were started and churches way into the churches there, and built. The Chinese who were not are thus lost to the religious com- Christians forgot to build their munity in Malaysia. But the ra- Buddhist and Taoist temples and tio of permanent settlers is steadily increasing, which means a more fitted themselves into the Christian permanent Christian nucleus upon community life. Nat all the later which to depend for the future Christian state. colonists were Christians, but the dominant life of the river is Chris- Another element of romance tian in tone. came with the colonization of Christians from China in the king- In the early days of Dutch ocdom of Raja Brooke of Sarawak. cupation of Minnehasa, in the In 1902 some 500 Chinese who northern arm of Celebes, the Gov- ernment established work among the natives. Many were registered as Christians, but the results were not satisfactory and the work was well nigh abandoned. Later the Dutch Missionary Society took

over the work among these aban- The second Java romance came doned Christians, and by pressing to the western end of the island.

a positive, evangelical campaign a Here it was a prominent Dutch Christian community has been official, a member of the Governor- established numbering approxi- General's Council, who discovered mately 300,000. For lack of funds God in a personal experience, and these mission churches have been who felt the call to give the good largely returned to Government news to the native folk. This man's control, but the community still name was Anting. Leaving his continues to grow. position in the government, he bor- Twice the god of missionary ro- rowed a few converts from the mance has lighted upon the island mission in East Java, and set up of Java. According to the story an independent mission in Batavia.

told me years ago, it was in the I have sat for hours in the quiet early part of the nineteenth cen- of a tropical night and listened to tury that two impressed seamen stories told me by the old men and were left at Soerabaya in the east- women who in their youth had ern end of Java. As was common been led into the Kingdom by this with Europeans adrift in the Far wonderful man of God. He was East, these men soon "took up" rich, but for their sakes he gave with two Javanese women and away everything he had.

lived in native fashion in one of It is not to be wondered at that the villages. One day while rum- with such a spirit converts soon maging in his sea chest, Emde, a came, and that within a few years watch-maker by trade, came upon upwards of 4,000 Mohammedans a Bible which his mother had had come into the faith. When packed in with his clothes. Having Anting died, there was no organ- nothing else to read, he pored over ized society to perpetuate his work, the pages of the Book. The result and under pressure of religious was a vivid conviction of sin and registration by the Government a need for salvation. He sought many of the younger Christians and found God in a wonderful reli- registered as Mohammedans in gious experience. The experience order to avoid persecution. After was too good to conceal, and soon a few years The Netherlands Mis- his friend had also found a similar sionary Society sent out mission- one. The transformation aroused aries who gathered up many of the Javanese women with whom these abandoned Christians, and they were living, and they too have continued the work among sought and found a new way of the natives of the west end of the life. A missionary came along soon island.

after, and these two couples were Space forbids repeating the married. Then came an enthusi- stories of the Society for the Prop- astic period of witnessing, with the agation of the Gospel, which is result that hundreds of Javanese doing a splendid work in the Penin- Mohammedans adopted the Chris- sula and Borneo, the Salvation tian faith. In due time these Army with its sacrificial work for Christians were taken over by an lepers, and the various other organized mission, and there is groups who in their own way are now a flourishing Christian com- sowing in Malaysia the seeds of a munity, better day to come,

LIFE SUNDAY-MAY 25

BY COE HAYNE 1'1'cparcd (Adapted trom HSuggcstions nnil Materinl for thr OblH'rlluncc of ztural Life Bunday." by the CommiUee on Rural lAte Sunda.lj.) T HE blessing of heaven to pastors and officers of local agen- be invoked by Christian cies interested in the promotion of Churches, of all creeds and in better country life conditions. For all lands, upon the farmer and his information or assistance address lIJork will comfort 1namy with the any member of the Committee on knowledge that their burden.s (ire Rural Life Sunday of the Federal in the anxious sympathetic Council of Churches and the Home thoughts of men of good tvill every- Missions Council: Rev. H. W. where.-President Hoover. Foreman, Rev. M. A. Dawber or Rev. M. R. Zigler, 105 East 22d The above comment of the Presi- Street, New York City. dent on the inauguration of a Rural Life Sunday throughout the The Committee has published a world admirably defines the spirit pamphlet (five cents) which gives underlying the services that will a wealth of suggestions for the obbe held in churches of every creed servance of the day among which on Sunday, May 25. In 1929 are the following: churches of every name and in every section of the world, farm Devote one or more services of the organizations, civic and social clubs Day to sermons, hymns, Bible readkept the day, and the secular and ings and prayers on Rural Life. Arreligious press gave helpful coop- range appropriate programs for the eration. Church School and young peoples' meetings. The Home Missions Council, the Foreign Missions Conference of Where there is more than one North America and the Federal church in a "field," arrange a joint Council of Churches, at recent service in one church, with picnic dinmeetings, adopted the following: ner and suitable program.

Resolved, That in view of the evi- Secure special speakers for sermon dent way in which God has blessed or address, e. g., extension leaders, the observance of Rural Life Sunday leaders of farm organizations, and by church and secular agencies specialists on Rural Life. throughout the world, we hereby approve the observance of the fifth Sun- Invite farm organizations to attend day after Easter each year (May 25 services in a body, and perhaps take in 1930) as Rural Life Sunday and part in the services. commend its observance by all government, state, secular, farm and church Have a "pilgrimage" in some rural agencies in such ways as may seem field, with program, speakers and picpracticable to them. nic dinner.

Present a play, pageant, or operetta on Rural Life in the parish hall or church.

Rural Life Sunday may be ob- The universal appeal of Rural served by churches in rural and Life Sunday and the diversity in urban communities in a variety of the methods of observing the day ways. The value of the services are indicated in many letters rewill depend upon the originality of ceived from pastors of churches 347

who fostered special rural life pro- Mesler, Pastor of Baptist Church, grams in 1929. Morrill, Maine.) One of my churches takes great We had an all-day program on Rupride in the fact that it has kept this ral Church Work June 23. All the day in May every year for fifteen churches in the district were invited. years. The program has been to exalt Addresses and forum discussions were the country church and country life. made. The departments of the Church Speakers have included men of na- school gave demonstrations of their tional reputation. A committee is at work. A basket dinner was served. work on the coming day. No doubt (Rev. A. H. Bartter, First Congregaour people will make as much of the tional Church, Gilman, Iowa.) day as they have in years past. (Rev. C. M. Ford, Pendleton, Virginia.) Music and Poetry Suggestions We duplicated a rural church serv- Suitable hymns for a Rural Life ice at the time of evening worship. Sunday service are to be found in The minister secured an old reed or- standard hymn books, for example: gan. All the lights were extinguished All Things Bright and Beautiful Lord, and a kerosene lamp was placed on the While for All Mankind We Pray, (for organ. Old hymns and folk songs were children); America, the Beautiful; sung and the people were asked to My Country, 'Tis of Thee; For the imagine themselves back in a country Beauty of the Earth; God Bless Our church. (Rev. B. W. Maxfield, Rox- Native Land; We Plow the Fields; bury, Mass.) When Morning Gilds the Skies.

I wrote an article for the local pa- The following nature and country pers on Rural Life Sunday and its life poems may be consulted: "Art meaning. Dean Vivian, of the College and Nature," by Longfellow; "A Song of Agriculture of the Ohio State Uni- of the Rolling Earth," by Whitman; versity, spoke on "What the Farmer "God and the Farmer," by Pierce; Does for the Church." We had a "God of the Open Air," by van Dyke; larger crowd than on Easter. Very "In Green Old Gardens," by Fance; impressive service. (Rev. F. C. F. "June," by Lowell; "The Cotter's Sat- Randolph, Trinity Episcopal Church, urday Night," by Burns; "The Coun- London, Ohio.) try Boy's Creed," by Grover; "The Creed of a Country Girl"; "The The local Grange marched to the Farmer's Creed," by Fuliffson; "The church in a body. A country boy re- Man with the Hoe," by Markham; cited "The Country Boy's Creed." The "The Package of Seed," by Guest; county agent gave an address on the "The Rural Church," by Bailey; "The relation of the farmer to the Church; Voiceless Soil," by Grant; Poems of the pastor spoke on the relation of the Country Life, compiled by F. S. Bry- Church to the farmer." (Rev. W. E. an, Macmillan, $2.25.

BISHOP McOONNELL'S GREETING TO THE RURAL WORKERS THE REV. H. W. FOREMAN, Chairman, Committee on Rural Life Sunday.

My DEAR MR. FOREMAN: I wish for you the very largest success in your effort to promote the observance of Rural Life Sunday. Our American life for decades took its soundness from a social order predominantly rural in character. Now scores of harmful influences are playing upon the rural communities. I am grateful for your effort to give the rural life a larger oppor- tunity. Cordially yours, FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL. BY CAPTAIN WARREN B. SCANLON, United States Army H AWAIl has so long been as- the Punchbowl, an extinct volcanic sociated in the minds of crater rising behind the city. A Americans with a balmy tall white cross is erected on the climate, a sapphire sea, a paradise summit of the hill and thousands of flowers, a place of care-free of Christians of all denominations tropical existence, and entrancing assemble to worship the risen ladies playing ukuleles in the garb Christ. The throngs that attend of Mother Eve, that it is difficult the service are of all nations, all to think of those Islands as con- creeds, all colors, all classes. Some taining serious minded church- ascend part of the way in automo- goers. But the population is in biles; others toil painfully up the fact seriously religious minded. rocky paths in bare feet and simple Visitors have often questioned why cotton garments.

that swaying sensuous dance-the The presiding minister may be a Hula-is taken so seriously by the- white American Bishop, or he may native Hawaiians. The Hula dance be a brown-skinned Hawaiian pas- is of sacred origin. tor, according to seniority. He The gospel of the native Ha- may be assisted by a Catholic waiians has always been Aloha– priest or a Japanese or Chinese a love for one another-and today Christian pastor. The service is this doctrine of brotherly love is held in both English and Ha- practiced by the newcomers to the waiian. The motley crowd that Islands and held as an inherited throngs the mountainside is repre- tradition from the old natives. sentative of the Melting Pot of the This sacred inheritance is publicly Pacific. There are white Ameri- acknowledged each Easter Sunday. cans and British, olive-skinned Two thousand miles out in the Portuguese, Spanish, andFili- Pacific the white surf thunders pinos, Christian Japanese and Chi- on the coral reef and trade winds nese, East Indians and Koreans.

whisper through the palm trees Later in the day denominational that fringe the beach at Waikiki. Easter services are held in the From the seashore the town rises various churches of the city. All through a series of tree-shaded that is lacking is the conventional avenues rich in tropical foliage and Easter Sunday dress parade down flowers, with white houses set in a fashionable thoroughfare, which spacious gardens to the slopes of has increased the church attend- towering verdure covered moun- ance on Easter Sunday in many tains, cleft by narrow valleys. communities of the United States.

In Honolulu, at the Crossroads The people of Hawaii have no of the Pacific, a greater mixture such incentive as a competitive of races and colors can be seen dress parade to urge church at- united in Easter worship than any- tendance on Easter Sunday, the where else in the world. At sun- white cross atop of the volcanic rise-the most beautiful hour of crater-the Punchbowl-being in- the twenty-four-on Easter morn- centive enough for the inhabitants ing a Christian service is held on of the land of Aloha.

349

IN CENTRAL AFRICA*

" I BY A MISSIONARY IN RHODESIA T IS not good for man to be layman may know the remedy that alone," may truthfully be will meet the need, as in cases of applied to life on the foreign snake bite, but in many districts mission field. Though a mission- the densest ignorance and the ary may be ever so busy and happy blackest superstition prevails re- in his work there is, nevertheless, garding the treatment of injuries a sense of separation between him from accidents and nearly all dis- and his yellow or black brother eases. In our district, after a since their training and back- snake bite, the whole neighborhood ground is very different from those will sit down without doing one of his own race. Little does the thing and will watch with dismay uneducated black man or the yel- a man's leg swell up to an enor- low man know about the white mous size from toes to hip, until man's diseases and their treat- he lapses into a state of uncon- ment. In certain cases a native sciousness and dies. Only then medicine man, or some experienced will they get busy to avenge the • '''I'ell us all aoout your daily Ufe," fs n man's death by calling upon the requ es t that comes to us quite often. We have witch doctor with his "smellingtold a hout IIluny experiences, anti now I am out paraphernalia" to discover the goIng t o tell of other mor e intimate t hI ngs luckless individual (in nine cases a ho ut whi ch missionaries rarely write–n hout out of ten a woman) who is act he isolation th a t some of us find most difHcult. ~sIJecially in tim es of iUIlCSI3 .-THE AUTHOR.

350 cused of having "given birth to the for a little sunbeam to come and snake." The penalty is a fine make his abode with us, and now either in money or in another man it seemed as if our prayers were to take the place of the deceased. to be answered. Then came an In many instances death is the in- awful night with no trained help evitable result where dependence at hand. My husband made a fire is placed on the natives for reme- and prepared a sterilizing outfit, dies in sickness. Naturally we and at the same time acted as long for the skilled physician's housekeeper and nurse and doctor training and equipment to treat during the following week, as well the desperate cases that come to our door. We are more fortunate than some isolated missionaries, for in two days' time a runner from our station can reach the nearest physician's door and, if he is so fortunate as to find him at home, he may be back before the end of the fourth day.

Once when my husband had been down for two weeks with a stub- born attack of malaria, and thirty grains of quinine daily had failed to lower his high temperature, a runner was despatched to the near- est physician with strict orders not to loiter by the wayside. The sun set the third day but no run- ner appeared. With heavy heart and an ever-increasing neuralgic pain in my face preparations were made for the night, but towards A MT!,(~TOXAHY T.'()HTHNf1 A HTVF.H midnight the runner returned with fresh remedies. Convalescence be- as teacher, preacher, and fatherly gan for the patient. Every known advisor. The nearest physician remedy failed to bring the slight- said that he could not come down est relief to my aching face. Hav- and that I must come to the hos- ing to serve as nurse indoors, and pital. This necessitated a long and in more than a half dozen capaci- trying two days' journey carried ties out on the back veranda, drew in a hammock on the shoulders of severely on one's physical and twelve men in three relays. In spiritual strength. In the midst step one minute, out of step the of all this the kitchen girl was next,-jerking, shaking, thump- taken ill and confined to bed. At ing, besides climbing some most the end of a week another runner difficult hills. On the return jour- was despatched, but the physician ney added to the same difficulties was away from home so the sun were constant showers and down- was setting on the fifth day before pours, with slippery paths and the runner returned. wet, stinging grass from five to For years we had been hoping fifteen feet long slapping one in

the face all along the way. Sonny in hand he started off on a run. Boy, only four weeks old, was car- At sunrise the note was turned ried on the head of a native in a over to another runner who did little basket made for the occasion. not reach the dentist's abode until No shelter along the way and the sundown, only to find that the docheavy rains made it impossible to tor had left that morning for a see to his needs, so from 12 to 7 town 165 miles away, to be gone a p. m. he was left to look out for week! His good wife hastily put himself. My only consolation was a few things together and started that in his basket he was sheltered off on a long night's ride on a donfrom the rains, which was more key, requesting a police boy to ac- company her. The local official true than in my hammock. and his faithful wife pressed upon Just at sunset we arrived at the her their hammock with house boys and garden boys as carriers, river, which was in a rushing, knowing full well the danger and roaring torrent. The lopsided, difficulty of traveling all night narrow dugout in which we crossed with a donkey whose animosity totipped from side to side, bringing the baby's basket perilously near wards streams and rivers has the water's edge. But God guided given him an unenviable reputaus all the way and we reached tion. Without one moment's rest home without any mishap. Other the carriers 'pressed on through rivers were crossed on fallen trees or by wading. the long, dark night reaching us by noon the next day. It almost seems better, surely it is cheaper, to be without teeth While the doctor's wife was prewhen your nearest dentist is 200 paring to return at midnight miles away! There are the miles Sonny Boy was accidentally pushed of ciVilization, but miles to be cov- off a high veranda, landing on his ered for the most part only de- shoulder. His injuries kept him pending on the brawny' and oft- crying through the early part of times unwilling arm of the native the night. The lanced wound in my heel was causing severe pain along a narrow winding trail, be- so that the police boy was sent off neath a scorching tropical sun, or to hunt up carriers for both mother through the torrential downpours and son. The midday sun of the of the rainy season. It happened next day was well over our head one year that our good dentist was before the long retinue of carriers started back. Camp was pitched coming to OUr district on a three by the river, just in time to escape weeks' hunt. While awaiting his a cold drenching rain which kept arrival I nursed an infected sore up all through the night, followed on my heel. For two weeks it by a drizzle the following day. grew increasingly painful, and then one night I awoke with a Naturally my carriers gave out chill, pains shooting through my more than once owing to my inabil- ity to walk the hills. But all's well body and a fearful thumping of that ends well. my heart. Naturally our first thought was "blood poison!" After When Sonny Boy was three a hasty consultation word was sent years old, and was mother's rightto a trustworthy chap across the hand while daddy was some 400 river, and in a surprisingly short miles away from home, a little time he was at the door. Message

ISOLATED IN CENTRAL AFRICA

burn on my right hand became in- called him back to his station on fected. I was alone, with all the the second day, and during the station work and a new girl from following two weeks we were in the heathen kraals in the kitchen. "the valley of the shadows," but This made it impossible to give the from the very gates of death our hand the required rest, so the heal- little boy carne back to us,-"to ing process did not progress very live and to work for the Lord who rapidly. One night while dressing healed him." the wound, after a very hard and trying day, for the first time in my life I realized that I was in danger of fainting. As the brilliantly lighted room turned pitch black and a sudden swaying motion threw me to one side I managed to grip the arm of my chair and with a fun determination not to faint I began to sing "Jesus, Lover of My Soul." Once, twice, three times I sang the familiar verse before the ordeal passed and I was again mas- ter of my senses. Dad was again several hundred miles away, attending a mission- ary conference when Sonny Boy carne down with a double dose of measles. All went well, however, and he was again on his feet when dad returned. But a few days later, in some mysterious way, he carne down with a sudden and acute attack of dysentery. The first night delirium set in, and the ANOTHER MEANS OF FORDING A RIVER second night, one hour after run- ners had been despatched for the There are localities even more physician, a spasm carne on,-and isolated than this station, and in our bleeding hearts we told Sonny Boy, dad and I have offered Sonny Boy good-bye. Thirty-one to go still farther and deeper into hours later-in the dead of night another region to open a new sta- -our faithful physician was at tion . . . a region where the nearthe door, having traveled by auto est physician will be some 150 the first few miles to the river, by miles away. Can it be wondered bicycle, and bush-car the remain- that our daily prayer is that God ing distance. This faithful friend will send us a nurse and a physiof the sick has already passed his cian to help meet the suffering threescore· years and ten. Duty needs of a vast community?

3

LEAGUE

BY THE REV. JAMES M. SMITH, Big Stone Gap, Va.

T HIS organization was formed outposts. A board of fifteen direc- in 1921 by the Presbyterian tors, with the usual officers, has leaders of Lee, Wise and Scott charge of all of the activities of the counties of Southwest Virginia to League. The entire program is meet .some- of the home mission directly under the Home Mission needs of this tricuunty territory. Committee of the Presbytery of "Lewiscot" is a pleasing combina- Abingdon.

tion of the names of these counties. Six ladies are employed for their Thisds the country of John Fox, full time iIi the League missions.

Jr.,' the scene of the "Trail of the Five preachers are reaching about Lonesome Pine" and the setting of 25 preaching points in the three many more of his attractive stories counties. Many mountain people of mounta'in life. The total popu- are being reached through these lation of these three counties is outposts and won for Christ. Elev- approximafely 100,000. These in en mission Sunday-schools are . the main are native mountain folks. reaching a number of mountain About twenty per cent are profess- children, and giving them a new ing Christians. The remainder outlook on life. Christian Endeav- have not been reached by the Gos- or Societies are formed wherever pel. Coal mining is the basic in- they can be properly directed by dustry, with the manufactUre of adult leaders, and many interesting lumber next. This industrial de- Bible classes are conducted for lit- velopment explains the presence of tle children, boys and girls of high so many people in this section of school age, and for mothers in the the mountains. Many flourishing country communities. The fruits towns have sprung up, large busi- of this plan of evangelism are more ness enterprises have been organ- and more apparent as the months ized, and five railroad companies go by. For example, recently an have built lines to serve nearly old man was received into the every town of importance. All of church who stated that his interest this material development is com- in Christ was aroused when Mrs.

paratively recent. Martin began visiting his home aft- Eight Presbyterian churches are er supper to read the Bible to him located in this district. At the pres- and his family. His wife, son and ent time they are served by five married daughter came with him ministers. The League was mod- into the church. Two little girls eled after the Presbyterian League were received into the church at of Richmond, Va., with a view of another point from a children's Bi- extending the home mission activi- ble class led by one of the League ties of these churches in the com- workers.

munities adjacent to them. A The League has fostered the es- number of splendid leaders are at tablishment of two home mission work in the local churches. The schools within its territory. The League attempts to enlist these first of these to begin work was leaders in the mission work of the the Hoot Owl Hollow School on 354 Stone Mountain about twelve miles them. An additional cottage is from Big Stone Gap and two miles now needed to care for other chil- from Norton. Mail gO€s to the dren about us. A new school buildschool over a rural route from Big ing is badly needed.

Stone Gap. Here Miss Nanie Kline The League workers do a great and her assistant have enrolled deal of community welfare work.

over sixty boys and girls in the We have the poor with us always. grades. A good Sunday-school Many of these are widows with meets every Sunday morning, and small children whose fathers were Mr. Nisbet of the Norton Church killed in the mines and lumber oppreaches for them twice each erations. The winter weather in month. A number of the boys and the mountains brings much suffergirls who have been trained in this ing to these unfortunates. We dis- school have already joined the Nor- tribute used clothing to the chilton Church. This Mission has done dren to enable them to go to school much to transform an entire com- comfortably clothed. The sick are munity since 1921. The second visited and cared for. Those need- school to be established is the Lew- ing hospital attention are assisted iscot Presbyterian Institute which to the nearest medical center. is located on 'a 315 acre farm in the Many crippled children have re- Wild Cat Valley eight miles south ceived the benefits of orthopedic of Big Stone Gap. Mail goes to surgery and are now facing a new this school over a rural route from life. Boys and girls of parts are Big Stone Gap. The Southern singled out and given special en- Railway and the State Highway couragement. Many of these have pass through the farm. Here is a completed high school and college graded school conducted in tem- courses and are now filling imporporary quarters in an old commu- tant positions of responsibility and nity church building. Miss Eliza- usefulness. If they had had no beth McChesney is in charge with helping hand extended to them in 68 children enrolled. Mr. Hamil- the critical time of need, they never ton of the Appalachia Church and could have reached such goals. Dr. Walsh of the Big Stone Gap The League is in urgent need of Church preach here Sunday after- friends who will help underwrite noons, and an interesting Sunday- its Home Mission activities and school is conducted. The Bible is enlarge its program of Christian the chief textbook in both of these service in the mountains. $5,000 schools, and the children receive a was raised and used in this work daily lesson from it. An orphanage during 1927. Who will help provide department has been established on a new school building, or build a the Lewiscot Farm in a new stone new cottage for orphan children, and brick cottage. It was opened or make a new chapel possible as {l. for children in September, 1927, center of Gospel light on a mounand is, therefore, the youngest or- tain creek, or be responsible for a phanage of our church. Fourteen worker's support, or care for an homeless children of the mountains orphan child? If interested in any are now being cared for in this of the above, address the Lewiscot cottage. Miss Blanch Garrett is Presbyterian League, Big Stone the cottage mother in charge of Gap, Va.

BIENNIAL MEDICAL

CONFERENCE BY EDWIN M. DODD, M.D.

Medical Secrctury oj the P'rc8lJytcriu1t Bonrd of Foreign ~~Ii88ion8~ New 'York T HE ease and power of united have met and worked in China, work, when we focus on the Korea, India, or elsewhere. It is task, is nowhere better illus- only within the last four years that trated than in medical mIssiOnary we have been having official inter- gatherings. Science knows no bar- denominational medical confer- riers of geography or race or na- ences at home under the Foreign tionalism. Medicine, as a part of Missions Conference of North the scientific world, shares this America. Four years ago we met catholicity of spirit and infuses it at Baltimore under the helpful with a distinctly human signifi- shadow of Johns Hopkins. Two cance. Medicine, bearing a distinc- years ago we met at Riverdale, N.

tively Christian import, would be Y.; and the special clinic gener- disgraced if it did not measure up ously arranged for us at the new to this universal plane. There is as- Medical Center was, we were told, suredly no peculiar Methodist or the first outside medical gathering Lutheran surgery; it would be to be held in that institition. This hard to identify an Episcopal phar- year we were the guests of the Clif- macology; and there is no exclu- ton Springs Sanitarium, New York, sively Congregational form of run- an appropriate setting both for sci- ning a hospital-whatever may be entific values and because that in- said for Baptist hydrotherapy or stitution from its founding has whatever might once have been been a friend of missions and has said about Presbyterian prognosis! served missionaries so widely. The The basis of a common humani- hospitable spirit and active partici- tarian science and art would be a pation among the Sanitarium staff sufficient platform, even if reli- left nothing to be desired.

gious aim did not enhance the un- About fifty doctors and nurses ity. On the contrary the religious from nine countries and a dozen import, however, is of course a denominations, representing the strong added bond of the spirit, full range from most primitive to indeed the main bond. Thus medi- most highly organized missionary cal missionary gatherings, focusing work, met this year February as they do on the task through the 20-23 inclusive. The carefully pre- medium of common knowledge and pared papers and the free discus- tllchnique and with a common foun- sions which followed dealt with a dation of spiritual conception un- great variety of medical mission- troubled by questions of theology ary and scientific subjects. Among or eccleciastical machinery, can these we were fortunate in having function with a reality and momen- represented two particularly ex- tum which are a delight. tensive and authoritative studies For many years medical mission- of great value for missionary work.

ary associations of constantly One of these, on the recent survey growing usefulness and importance of medical missions in India under 356 the auspices of the National Chris- made practical contributions of tian Council and the Medical Mis- great value both in the program sionary Association of India, was and in numerous personal interpresented in a fine paper by Dr. R. views between sessions. H. H. Goheen, of Vengurla, India. The report of the survey is an in- One of the most enriching imvaluable piece of source material ponderables of such conferences, and marks a mile stone in the con- which do not register in any forsciousness and development of mal fashion, is in the personal conmedical missions. The other paper tacts, the extra program conversawas a unique and exhaustive study tions, and all the range of mental of missionary health, carried out in interchange, Information, perspecbehalf of certain cooperating tive, encouragement and inspiraboards by Dr. W. G. Lennox, of tion. A man in the heart of Africa the Harvard University Medical sees the trails that have been blazed School, formerly of the Peiping in China. And a man in a large Union Medical College, under the and well equipped union institution direction of the Institute of Social in China is reminded of the still existing hard and handicapped will and Religious Research. This pioneer endeavors. Peaceful areas learned of the problems of lands in study, too, serve as invaluable turmoil, and some who had come source material in guiding medical out of the furnace of political tusecretaries and medical advisers of mult were heartened by the relathe various boards, as it makes tively even tenor of work elseavailable for the first time a great where. A man from Egypt could mass of data bearing on health tell some one from India or Korea problems and policies. where to get movies for evangel- istic meetings. And nurses from But it would be difficult to single various regions could help each out a few presentations for special other out with many items of inmention when all were of uni- formation. For future conferences formly high character. It is, how- there should, if possible, be proviever, worth pointing out that the sion for fuller participation by scientific side of our program was nurses and more time than the one more strongly developed than at session of this year for meetings any of the previous conferences. of the nurses themselves. In this we had the special advantage of the generous participation To sum up, I think it can fairly of the able staff of the Sanitarium, be said by those of us who were who gave several papers on timely there that the Clifton Springs Medsubjects, as well as the presence of ical Missions Conference for its Dr. W. F. O'Connor, the expert missionary contribution, its scienhead of the Department of Tropical tific light, its fellowship, and its Medicine at the Medical Center, general stimulus, was a highly New York, and of Dr. M. F. Yates worth-while event in the manifold of the Harvard Dental School, who activities of the missionary entercombined with this experience the background of teaching at West prise. China University. Both these men

INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC

BY EDWARD C. CARTER SccrdU1'Y of the American CounGil of the I11>Stitutc W ITH increasing frequency lowed by a continuing process of we hear the term "the new study and research. The main life conference method" as is at the round tables, which are in against the old diplomacy in inter- session for three hours each morn- national understanding. In his re- ing during the two weeks of the cent visit, General Smuts reminded sessions. Each round table is, as us that in the old days when there near as possible, a cross section of was trouble the slogan was "To the entire gathering. This method Arms." He proposed a new slogan of group discussion, with every le- -"To the Conference Table." For gitimate interest considered and most of the countries of the world, the utmost frankness not only tol- the League of Nations provides erated but urged, inevitably leads such a table. For the American to new ideas and new friendships.

republics there is also the Pan- Official government negotiations American Union. For the countries are enormously facilitated if they bordering on the Pacific the Insti- are preceded by such informal sci- tute of Pacific Relations is provid- entific discussions by responsible ing an invaluable conference table. citizens who are free to approach But the Institute differs from the problems not as politicians but the indispensable League of Na- as students.

tions and the Pan-American Union, The ·three biennial conferences for they are official, whereas the of the Institute, which have been Institute is wholly unofficial. Mem- held thus far, have been experi- bers at the conferences, which are ments in this new conference meth- held every two years, are responsi- od. The first, in Honolulu in 1925, ble to no one but themselves. They helped to clarify American and pass no resolutions. They are pro- Japanese public opinion regarding hibited by the constitution of the Oriental exclusion. The second, Institute from arriving at any in 1927, also in Honolulu, contrib- formal or official conclusions. They uted to a closer understanding be- are simply a group of private tween China and Great Britain.

though competent citizens from When it was proposed that the many countries going to school to third be held in Japan, there was one another. They are chosen by apprehension as to whether the In- responsible national committees in stitute, nourished under the sun- each country because of their ex- shine of tropical skies in a mid- pert knowledge or because they Pacific island, could thrive in a represent significant points of view more realistic setting. But the or for their ability to interpret the third conference was held in Kyoto, conference to various groups of Japan, in December, 1929, and as their fellow citizens at home. it approached the end, it became The technique of the Institute clear to all that the experiment conferences is carefully organized had been entirely successful. With group discussion, preceded and fol- absolute freedom of speech, close 358 to the scene of difficulty, the Con-. of the group was Dr. David Yui, ference thrashed out highly con- who acted as Chairman of the In- troversial questions. Thus a new stitute's governing body and is of- mechanism, tested under the hot ten spoken of as the first citizen of test fire, has been added to the Shanghai.

world's machinery for dealing with The leaders of the American international disputes. group were Jerome D. Greene, There came to Kyoto, the im- New York banker; Roland W.

perial city where for a thousand Boyden, formerly United States years the emperors lived and where observer with the Reparations they are still crowned, some two Commission; Wallace M. Alexan- hundred members from the coun- der, sugar and shipping man from tries facing the Pacific Ocean, in- San Francisco; Miss Katharine cluding Australia, New Zealand, Ludington, Vice President of the China, Japan, the Philippines, Ha- National League of Women Voters; waii, Canada, the United States Paul Scharrenberg, California la- and Great Britain. Observers and bor leader; ex-Governor Farring- guests were present from Russia, ton of Hawaii; and Sterling France, Me:&ico, Java, Korea, The Fessenden, Director General of the League of Nations, and the Inter- Shanghai Municipal Council.

national Labor Office at Geneva. Many and varied questions were The forty-eight Japanese headed by discussed in the Kyoto Round Ta- Dr. Inaso Nitobe, a member of the bles. The most intense discussions House of Peers and formerly Dep- were about Manchuria, probably uty Secretary of the League of Na- the most tangled and dangerous tions, were representive of almost problem in the Far East today.

every aspect of Japanese life. The China, Japan and Russia all believe group from Great Britain, though that their future is at stake. As smaller, reflected many shades of the Soviet guests were attending opinion ranging from Viscount the Conference for the first time, Hailsham, who had been Lord High they took the role of observers Chancellor in Baldwin's Conserva- rather than full participants. This tive Government, to Malcolm Mac- resulted in the discussions concen- Donald, son of the present Prime trating on the complicated issues Minister, himself a Labor member in Southern Manchuria between of Parliament. The Canadians China and Japan. These have were led by a former President of aroused the deepest national emo- the Privy Council, the President of tions and there has been talk of the Canadian Bank of Commerce war.

and the President of the Canadian Although the vast fertile area of Labor Movement since 1918. Manchuria is admittedly a part of There was the greatest diversity China, Russia and subsequently of point of view within the able Japan have secured very valuable group of men and women who came privileges there. Through the from China, some from the North Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, Ja- and some from the South. From pan obtained the lease of the South Peiping came the leading Chinese Manchurian Railway running 700 banker, a great Chinese scholar and miles into the very heart of Man- the editor of perhaps the ablest churia. Japan claims the right to critical journal in China. The head guard the railways and the sur-

rounding communities by armed Manchuria had closed. Gradually Japanese troops. The railway and it become clear that the problem the affiliated mines, factories and could never be solved if the J apa- hotels are handled with high effi- nese and the Chinese regarded each ciency. Japan's investments in Man- other as enemies. For the only real churia today are estimated at a enemy was an exceedingly compli- billion dollars. The Chinese on the cated situation in which those who other hand insist that, as Man- heretofore had regarded themselves churia is China, it must be under as opponents must unite as fellow their political control. Further, inquirers in tackling the problem, many Chinese still believe that J a- instead of tackling each other. At pan has been planning to snatch the instance of both the Chinese this territory from them and to and Japanese groups, the Institute use the railway for the transport made provision for further re- of troops still further to widen search on the Manchurian question their area of influence. in order that more data might be During the opening days at Kyo- available at the next Conference, to, emotions ran high and the feel- which, very significantly, is to be ings of many of the Japanese and held in China in 1931, at the invi- many of the' Chinese were tense. tation of the China Council.

The Chinese stressed their full Next to the Manchurian round rights of sovereignty and men- tables in intensity of interest were tioned many of the annoyances of those on extraterritoriality. The the existing order. They were anx- sessions devoted to the discussion ious to have the Japanese admin- of the machine age and its effect istration of the railway zone trans- on traditional culture were highly ferred to the Chinese authorities. enlightening. Although, of course, The Japanese emphasized treaty they touched no area of actual con- and moral rights growing out of flict, it was evident that East and the blood and treasure spent in the West alike were facing much the war with Russia and their own same problems though in different need of security. degrees of development The discus- The whole question of Manchuria sions on food and population were had been broken up into manage- not as spectacular as those on Man- able parts due to the research that churia, extraterritoriality, foreign had preceded the Conference and concessions and diplomatic rela- to the carefully worked out sylla- tions in the Pacific; but actually bus which had been prepared on there is nothing more dramatic the ground for use at each round than the relation of food and man- table. As the discussion proceeded, kind. It has been the basis of most frequent references were made to of the historic migrations. To pro- the possibility of a settlement by vide enough food for the oncoming which Japan would retain its eco- generations of Japanese and Chi- nomic interests but transfer politi- nese, therefore, is undoubtedly the cal control to China. The Japanese basic problem in the Far East to- felt that the time had not yet come day. As a result of the discussions for this, but both groups were so at Kyoto, the governing body of the eager to get further light that dis- Institute included, as the largest cussions were continued informal- item in its budget, provision for ly after the round tables on research under the direction of the

THE INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS

Chinese and Japanese in this fun- Rev. John MacKay, D.D., the Rev.

damental area which involves the E. W. Wallace, D.D.; of the Brit- life or death, or something half ish Group Canon Streeter and S.

way between, for uncounted mil- K. Datta; and of the American lions. The results of these modest Group G. S. Phelps, now of the studies as to how, peradventure, Tokyo Y. M. C. A., and Dr. J.

food may be increased and popula- Leighton Stuart, President of Yen- tion decreased, may possibly prove ching University in Peiping.

in a generation to have been by far All the members of the Conferthe most significant contribution ence gained enormously from their of the Institute of Pacific Relations, if it aids in removing the threat to contacts with peoples from other stable government which underfed countries. On their way to and and underpaid masses constitute in from the Conference some circled the globe. A few crossed Siberia, both China and Japan. making the long ten-day trip by It has been perfectly clear that train. Many visited China both ignorance of each other was a source of misunderstanding be- before and after the Conference in tween Pacific peoples. It was con- order to study on the spot the comtended that, 'if press rates could be plicated affairs of that great nalowered between America and the tion, and many spent weeks in Far East, there would be an in- Japan before the Conference, comcreasing flow of news. This ques- ing to know its people, making tion was therefore put on the varied and important contacts, and agenda. Many, both in America drinking in the beauties of its and Japan, had been working on cities, temples and hills. Thus the this problem for years. But with- learning attendant on the Conferout doubt the fact that the discus- ence itself was not limited to the sion was announced gave the final two weeks spent in Kyoto. push to the efforts of others and resulted even before the Conference All who were strangers in the assembled in reducing the deferred Orient realized as never before press rate between the United how much they need to know of States and Japan from twenty to Japan and China, and their ancient civilizations. Gradually it became nine cents a word. clear that more must be known of Missions, as such, were not in- this part of the world as a key to understanding a new world yet to cluded in the Kyoto program, as they had been at the conferences in be discovered and as absolutely es- Honolulu in 1925 and 1927. Among sential if the people of the United those at Kyoto who have been close States are to appreciate fully the to missionary work were: of the rich meaning of their citizenship Canadian Group the Rev. C. J. L. in a Pacific Ocean Community of Bates, D.D., Dr. E. M. Best, the Nations.

We can give to the succeeding generation a vast equipment in plant and machinery, a great store of knowledge of how to run it, and we can leave for their stimulation centuries of art and literature. But the world will march forward only as far as we give our children strength of body, integrity of character, training of mind and the inspiration of religion.-President Hoover.

NEEDS FOR THE OLD

BY THE REV. GEORGE WILLIAM BROWN General Hf3cretu,ry oj the Americ(tn Billtc Society T HAT dramatic and dire needs Late in the autumn of 1929, a for Bibles spring up with destructive typhoon with charac- . startling frequency is sur- teristic suddenness hit certain prising news to all save to those areas in the Philippine Islands and whose responsibility places them came within thirty miles of the in a focal point where such needs city of Manila. Logs being floated naturally express themselves. Such down a river by a lumber company a point is the Bible House in New formed a jam against a bridge.

York City where for over three- Becoming torrential, the waters quarters of a century have been lo- caused an inundation which sub- cated the headquarters of the merged a number of towns. The American Bible Society and whith- usual danger and anxiety followed. er are directed the appeals for The agency secretary of the Amer- Scriptures when untoward emer- ican Bible Society, who was soon gencies occur. on the spot, wrote: "The logs in A cablegram from Geneva, the river were washed over the Switzerland, a few weeks ago an- banks and in many cases driven nounced the distressing conditions through people's homes. In one amid which thousands of Lu- instance, a house was washed therans and Mennonite refugees down the stream and the family were living near Moscow, Ham- inside chopped a hole in the roof burg, and Bremen. These reli- and perched there awaiting rescue.

gious-minded folk, mostly farmers, However, one of the logs coming decided to flee from Russia because down the river with tremendous of the intolerable conditions im- force drove through the house posed by the Soviet Government smashing it to bits and killing all which is adamantine in its refusal of the family except the father. In to recognize or tolerate religious other places people were killed in practices. A second cable read: their beds by the logs wrecking PLEASE APPEAL TO BIBLE their homes. In all between forty SOCIET:y BECAUSE NEED FOR and fifty people were killed in that BIBLES VERY STRONG AMONG district." RUSSIAN REFUGEES WHO ARE NOT ALLOWED TO TAKE BIBLES One thinks of course of the Red WITH THEM. Cross in such emergencies and the Red Cross, to be sure, was soon on This was followed by a letter the field. One also realizes that in describing in detail not only the such calamitous experiences few physical suffering but also the spir- of the sufferers in their haste to itual depression and destitution, escape take time to find and carry and stressing the need of Bibles a Testament or Bible. Here was and Scripture portions. The Amer- the opportunity of the agency secican Bible Society at once responded by cabling a substantial retary of the American Bible Society. With the assistance of sum for purchasing Scriptures. pastors, he distributed portions of 362 Scripture to 4,000 of these desti- COMING EVENTS tute people. Man does not live by May 7-GENERAL CONFERENCE, METHODbread alone either in normal or IST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SOUTH, Dalcritical times. Faith must be fed las, Texas. as well as the body. Spiritual bravery is needed when life is to be May 7-9-CHURCH AND DRAMA LEAGUE, reconstructed after a typhoon. New York, N. Y.

The attention of the American May 22-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBY- Bible Society was recently directed TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S., Charto a peculiar need for Old Testa- lottesville, Va. ments. While not a sudden emergency like the above, it is appeal- May 25-RuRAL LIFE SUNDAY. ing if for no other reason because May 2S-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Des Moines, Iowa.

May 28-June 2–NORTHERN BAPTIST CON- VENTION, Cleveland, Ohio.

of its picturesqueness. It is the May 29-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBYneed of the Old Testament for per- TERIAN CHURCH IN U. S. A., Cincinsons known as the Sephardim, liv- nati, Ohio. ing in Constantinople, Salonica, Adrianople, Smyrna, Bulgaria, and June 5-10-GENERAL SYNOD, REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, Asbury Park, N. J.

Cairo. The Sephardim, of whom June 6-14-NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF there are probably 70,000, are SOCIAL WORK, Boston, Mass. Spanish-speaking Jews who were exiled from Spain in the fifteenth June 7-8-ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF MEN'S BI- BLE CLASSES, Washington, D. C.

century by Ferdinand and Isabella. June 11-15-AFRlCAN METHODIST EPIS- They speak a dialect which differs COPAL ZION CHURCH, New York, N. from modern Spanish and is written in Hebrew characters. In or- Y. der to prepare a new edition of the June 16-20-ASSOCIATION OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARIES OF COUNCILS OF CHURCHES, Chicago, Ill.

Old Testament for these thrust- June 17-24-WORLD'S COMMITTEE, Y. W. forth aliens, thereby saving them C. A., Geneva, Switzerland. from secularism, a SUbstantial sum is being sought from philanthropic June 23-29-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF sources. RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Toronto, Canada. Other interesting emergencies could be cited. The ones mentioned June 24-July 5-CONFERENCE FOR above indicate that the circulation CHURCH WORK, Wellesley College, of the Scriptures, the object for Wellesley, Mass. which the American Bible Society June 27-July 8-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Silver Bay-on-Lake, George, N. Y.

June 2S-July 5–M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Blue Ridge, N. C.

was founded, is not perfunctory or July 8-18-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Asilowhitened with tedious administra- mar, Calif. tive pallor, but colorful and buoyant as it rises to meet unusual and July l-S-GOOD WILL PILGRIMAGE OF unexpected opportunties. AMERICAN CONGREGATIONALISTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONGREGATION- AL COUNCIL, Bournemoth, England.

July 22-August I-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Enlarge our minds to grasp Thy Seabeck, Wash.

thought, August 5-10-WORLD'S CHRISTIAN EN- Enlarge our hearts to work Thy plan DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Ger- Assured Thy purpose faileth not many. To put Thy spirit into man! God of the present age and hour, August 14-25-NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- Thrill us anew with holy power! VENTION, Chicago, Ill.

-William Steward Gordon. August 19-24-GENERAL CONFERENCE, SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, Sa- lem, W. Va.

A NEEDY

BY THE REV. J. T. LARSEN Pastor, First BapttBt Church, Johnstown) Calo.

STUDENTS for the ministry, sugar beets, a $28,000,000 crop. who are wondering where God These are often "like sheep with- would have them go, may well out a shepherd." In the late fall, consider the Spanish – speaking they go back to New Mexico for Mexicans in the western states. the crops there, and to Arizona and There has been in recent years a California for the winter lettuce great immigration from Mexico to and fruit harvests. My sympathe United States, until there are thies go out to these benighted now believed to be between 1,000,- souls who are so poorly cared for 000 and 2,000,000 in New Mexico, and so apparently ignorant of spir- Arizona, Colorado, and adjacent itual things. We need bright, able, states. The majority are here for educated Americans, as well as better working conditions or better Spanish-speaking workers who can pay, or more civil and religious do missionary work among their liberty. They are so numerous in own people, winning them to New Mexico that the minutes of Christ who died for them. the Legislature are still read both in English and Spanish. Many Kindly pray about these needy are Roman Catholics but myriads fields, and write to your denominaare virtually without any religion. tional Boards for further and more detailed information.

The Baptists have a Spanish SCRIPTURE IN NEW TONGUES Seminary in Los Angeles, and Two North American languages the Presbyterians, Methodists, and were added in 1929 to the long list some other agencies have mission- of over 800 tongues into which the aries in California, Arizona, New Bible or its parts have been trans- Mexico, and Colorado, but the num- lated, according to a statement by ber is far too small to meet the the American Bible Society. For need in an adequate way. The the first time the four Gospels were Baptists of San Diego, through issued for the Eskimos of the Bristheir City Mission Spanish work- tol Bay and Kuskokwim River disers, are actively at work among trict in Alaska from a translation the Spanish-speaking people in made by Moravian missionaries their neighborhood and there are aided by a group of natives. The Spanish Protestant churches, Bap- four Gospels were also published tist, Methodist, Presbyterian, and in the Hopi tongue for the Indian others, which are doing a good tribe of that name living near the work. No doubt that is true in Grand Canyon. This is the first many other cities where the work time that any part of the Bible has has been organized. been made available for this tribe, r refer especially to the thou- and is the 13th Indian language spoken in the United States in sands of Mexicans who come to which the American Bible Society Colorado from New Mexico and has published Scriptures.-Record Arizona every spring to spend the of Christian Work. summer on the 210,000 acres of 364

Of THE

Why Missionary Contributions place of Missions in the work of the Church: better methods of missionary Declined study to interest both young and old; The Symposium on this subject in supplementing the annual every mem- the April number of THE REVIEW has ber canvass for a general budget by attracted wide attention. It has been concrete information in special mis- referred to in many weekly religious sionary sermons and offerings; deep- newspapers, in several daily papers, ening the spiritual life and strengthen- and we understand that it is to be dis- ing faith in Christ as the only Lord cussed in some of the monthly mis- and Saviour; returning to the sim- sionary magazines. The statements plicities and spiritualities of the Gos- of the twenty pastors, laymen, women pel as the supreme function of the and secretaries give the most repre- Church; renewed emphasis on stew- sentative ero'ss-section of prevailing ardship; and more frequent and ear- opinion that has yet been published. nest prayer.

The causes mentioned are so numer- The Editor feels disposed to make ous and varied and interlocking that a few thousand remarks upon the as- it is not easy to get a consensus out signed causes and remedies and to add of them. The ones most frequently some of his own. But he contents mentioned are increasing seculariza- himself for the present by inviting tion of churches and general lowering suggestions from readers of THE RE- of standards; the merging of all VIEW and in making a few observa- causes in a single budget and the ex- tions.

elusion of special appeals; reaction First, the list of causes is signifi- from the idealism and the high pres- cant for the absence of some objec- sure campaigns for money which fol- tions that were current a few years lowed the World War; dulling of the ago. Apparently the position has original missionary motive of Home shifted.

and Foreign Missions as primarily an Second, the major causes cited do evangel and subordinating it to edu- not lie in boards and missionaries or cational and social work; expenditure the policies and methods of mission- of huge sums on church buildings and ary work, but in lowered ideas of the other local enterprises that absorb spiritual character and mission of available money and create debts whose Christianity itself, a lowering that interest increases annual burdens, etc. finds expression in secularization of The causes are apparently not peculiar thought and activity, provincialism of to anyone denomination or even coun- spirit, weakened evangelistic zeal, and try, since reports from Germany are concentration of effort and money up- that the income of Protestant Foreign on local buildings that gratify com- Missions throughout the world last munity pride.

year was $3,500,000 less than in the Third, the paralyzing effort of the pleceding year and $19,000,000 less inclusive budget system as it is op- than in 1924, although most of the de- erated in the average church is justly cline was in America. emphasized. The effort to induce mem- Prominent among the remedies men- bers to subscribe definite sums at the tioned are more adequate education beginning of the year in a general of the home churches as to the true benevolence budget was intended to 865

stabilize the work of the boards and ary passion is in his soul, he will com- to form a wall behind to prevent re- municate it to his people.

treat. It has turned out in many Fifth, there is no ground for pessim- churches to be a wall in front to pre- ism. The tide has undoubtedly been vent advance, because so many pastors receding, but it will turn. Tides al- assure their people that if they will ways do. The duty and privilege of subscribe to the budget, they will not evangelizing our own land and of giv- be called on again during the year ing the Gospel to the world will not and the average man, not knowing be, cannot be, permanently relegated what developments may affect his in- to second place. The Boards of Home come, "plays safe" by subscribing a and Foreign Missions are staffed by minimum sum. Thus the appeal is on intelligent, alert, and consecrated men a low ground of selfish interest, a and women, and there are many, and bribe "not to be bothered again" rath- we believe an increasing, number of er than an appeal to high spiritual mo- devoted ministers and church members tive, while shutting out presentation who realize both the peril and the of particular boards prevents people opportunity of the present crisis. The- from getting specific information re- ological seminaries are giving in- garding the work and its needs. creased attention to Missions. The Fourth, spirituality does not neces- purpose of God for men is not to fail.

sarily beget. interest in missionary "He is able." If the Church will make work, unless it is supplemented by this a Pentecostal Year in fact as well education. Some spiritually minded as in name, a new waVe of splendid Christians have no interest whatever missionary spirit and power will soon in Missions, either home or foreign, come upon all our churches. Every not because they are opposed to them individual Christian can help to bring or object to the methods of the boards, this about by familiarizing himself but because they do not know any- with missionary work, giving to it, thing about them, and their pastors and above all praying for it.

do not tell them or open their pulpits A. J. B.

or mid-week meetings to those who can. Their spirituality ends in their 'Vhat About Anti-Christian Senown communion with God, the saving of their own souls on their solitary timent in China?

plank. If they have any concern for It is true that some revolutionary the salvation of others, it is for their agitators have published attacks on relatives and friends, or at most the Christianity, and that some govern- unconverted people in their commu- ment regulations are hostile to mis- nity. Manifestly, what such spiritual- sion schools. But the motives of most ly minded Christians need is education. of them were anti-foreign rather than How can it be given? Authors and anti-Christian. Others were un- editors can do something and are do- doubtedly anti-Christian. But why do ing it, but most Christians of the type such things prove more in China than under consideration do not read mis- in England and America? Attacks sionary books or periodicals. Secre- of this kind are made every week by taries and missionaries do the best soap-box spellbinders in Hyde Park, they can, but it is physically impos- London, Union Square, New York, and sible for them to reach one tenth of many other European and American the home churches. Women's societies cities, while hostile books, pamphlets are doing much, nut only a small per- and newspaper articles are legion.

centage of the women in a given Does anyone believe that such prop- church are in these societies. The aganda proves that Christian work is major effort must be by the pastor. futile in our own land? From the He and he alone has the ear of the time of our Lord's earthly ministry whole congregation. If the mission- to the present, Christianity has been

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

assailed by sceptics and infidels. But formidable obstacles to be overcome.

if the churches carry on at home, why Toils and disappointments are un- shouldn't they in China? "Ye shall doubtedly ahead. But if the followers be hated of all the nations for my of Christ in America, Europe and name's sake," said Christ. Did He China pray and labor without ceasing, therefore tell His disciples to give up? the issue is not doubtful. The pur- On the contrary, He made the situation pose of God for humanity certainly an added reason to "endure unto the dces not exclude the one quarter of end," a fresh challenge to greater ac- the human race in China. A. J. B.

tivity in preaching "this Gospel of the kingdom in all the world." The beasts General Smuts on Missions of Nero's arena, the fires of Smithfield, the dungeons of the Tolbooth, in Africa the torture racks of the Inquisition, During his recent visit to Great the ridicule of Voltaire, Paine and Britain and America, General Smuts Ingersoll did not stop Christianity, delivered a series of lectures in Ox- and the assaults of a few thousand ford on the Rhodes' Foundation, which Chinese will not. attracted wide attention. Mr. J. H.

As a matter of fact, recent troubles Oldham, Secretary of the International in China, so far from proving the fu- Missionary Council and a student of tility of the effort to Christianize the Africa for many years, has published Chinese, have proved just the reverse. (Longmans, Green & Co., London and In every station from which mission- New York, 75 cents) a booklet en- aries were temporarily withdrawn by titled "White and Black in Africa, a orders from diplomatic or consular of- Critical Examination of the Rhodes ficials who wanted their nationals out Lectures of General Smuts." While of the war zones, the Chinese Chris- recognizing the eminent services of tians maintained the churches, and, General Smuts and expressing himself wherever they were financially able to as "in hearty accord with much that do so, the schools and hospitals also, he said in his lectures," Mr. Oldham so that when the missionaries re- adds: "On certain questions of funda- turned, they found that the work had mental importance I find myself in gone right on during their absence. acute disagreement with General The demands of Chinese Christians Smuts and am unwilling that his as- for a larger share in the control of sertions should pass unchallenged."

evangelistic and educational work, Our space does not permit a resume while extreme in a few cases, are, in of the various arguments pro and con, general, a good sign and are being but we must at least cite the discus- cordially welcomed by missionaries sion regarding missionary work. Gen- and their home boards. eral Smuts had said: "The Christian Except in the zones of actual fight- missionary has, after a century of ing between Chinese armies,. mission- ceaseless effort, not yet succeeded in ary work is going right on. Schools making any deep impression on Africa.

and hospitals are crowded. The Union Compared to the enormous progress University at Nanking is overcrowded and still rapid spread of Moham- with 1,114 students, the largest num- medanism his success is not very ber in its history. Evangelistic work striking."

is being vigorously pushed by mission- This statement having been chal- aries and Chinese Christians alike. A lenged, he put the following passage five-year evangelistic program, of the in a later lecture on Livingstone: "It National Christian Council, is re- is difficult to conceive what Africa ceiving widespread support. Chris- would have been without the civilizing tianity in China is healthier and more effects of the Christian missions.

virile than ever before. There are in- Mistakes have been made, but the mag- deed difficult problems yet to be solved, nitude of the real service is out of all

comparison to those incidental mis- whom the Church may be proud to in- clude among its members. If nobility takes. Missionary enterprise, with its of character is worthy of reverence, there are Christian Africans to whom universal Christian message and its the writer and other white men would wish to take off their hats. vast educative and civilizing effort, is The other charge brought by General and remains the greatest and most Smuts against missionaries is that they have helped towards the disintegration powerful influence for good in Africa." of native society by their undiscrim- inating attack on native religious ideas. Whereupon Mr. Oldham comments as The earlier missionary efforts, he con- tends, were made without knowledge of follows: native psychology or of the teachings of anthropology. The charge is partly true. It may be left to General Smuts to Missionaries, like all other white men, reconcile the assertion that "the Chris- have made many mistakes in dealing tian missionary has not yet succeeded in with Africans. Moreover there are mismaking any deep impression" with the sionaries and missionaries, just as there statement that "missionary enterprise is, are officials and officials, and settlers and and remains, the most powerful influence settlers, and generalizations are consefor good in Africa." The explanation quently unsafe. Missionaries may not which most naturally occurs to mission- have known as much of native psychology aries is that the remarks belong to the as they ought to have done, but they class of comments, to which they have have known a great deal more than most become well accustomed, made by outside Europeans. Language is the key to the critics, including busy public men, who mind, and the production of literature in have not made any deep or first-hand nearly 250 of the languages of Africa, study of the subject. and of dictionaries and grammars in many of them, has been almost entirely As regards the results of missionary the work of missionaries. The greater work, the Chri'stian Church has been part of our knowledge of African beliefs engaged for so many centuries in the ami customs is likewise due to them. task of trying to transform human nature that it is deeply aware of the diffi- The international missionary conferculties and of the intractability of the ence held at Ie Zoute in Belgium, in 1926, material, and is consequently little in- rec~mmended that all missionary soclined – to make extravagant claims in cietIes- should "provide full opportunity regard to success. Educators and states- and time to African missionaries to men also have their moments of dis- study native languages, customs and reappointment and discouragement. A ligions." The plans for the formation radical change is not effected in human of the International Institute of African nature by affixing a label, as critics of Languages and Cultures, which unites missionary work seem sometimes to sup- the learned societies interested in African pose. This much may, however, be said studies throughout the world and is supwithout fear of contradiction – that ported by most of the governments in throughout nearly the whole of Africa, Africa, took shape at a missionary conat least nine-tenths of the education ference held two years earlier at High which the African .has received he has Leigh, and the missionary societies, had from Christian missions; that some Protestant and Roman Catholic, conof the most successful and progressive tribute to the financial support of the educational work in the continent today Institute. It cannot be maintained, is being done in government schools by therefore, that the missionary body as missionaries, borrowed by government a whole is not alive to the importance of for the task, as well as in missionary understanding African mentality and institutions; that portions of the Bible, African institutions. which at the lowest is the finest literature in the world, have been translated into 243 African languages; and that there are not a few African Christians "No first-class educated African wants to be a white man ….. .

Every educated Negro wants to be a first-class Negro, not a third-class European. . . . .. The superiority complex is doing a tremendous lot of mischief in Africa. . . . .. When I am worried, I go on my knees and I talk to God in my own tongue. . . . .. I plead with the Christian Church to make Africa the first Christian continent. . . . .. For God's sake give Africa Christian leaders." J. E. K. AGGREY.

From "AggrBY of Africa," by Edwin W. Smith. EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions The following describes a method which is being promoted by a joint committee of the Federation, Council and Missionary Education Movement. If you would like such a chain of Assemblies in your state, write us at once.

FLORIDA VHAIN OF MISSIONARY In addition to the study book for the seniors, there were methods for ASSEMBLIES the juniors through the junior study book, "The Treasure Hunt," by Mar- MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY garet Seebach; and a book for little children, "Pedro and the Bells," by A remarkable series of Missionary Mrs.· Peabody. Assemblies has been held in Florida, opening in DeLand January 22, con- A morning Bible hour, conducted tinuing through the 24th; in Orlando by Bible students, some of them for- 25 to 30, in· Tampa 30 to 31, and in eign missionaries who knew how to St. Petersburg February 1 to 7. The teach the Bible, were vivid illustraobject of grouping these Schools or tions from the Orient. The hour on Assemblies of Missions was to reduce Methods gave practical suggestions on the heavy expense of bringing the lec- praise and prayer in the missionary turers and speakers to Florida by di- meeting and on publicity, a neglected viding the expense among the four art in the Woman's Missionary Socischools, and also to reach a much larg- ety. In Orlando this hour was taken er group of people than could be by a brilliant young journalist who reached in one center. had won a Pulitzer prize, and who deserves a prize from mission boards The success of the Assemblies was for her understanding and interest remarkable. The program included and her splendid advice to women's lecturers on the foreign study book missionary societies. for the year, "A Cloud of Witnesses," by Elsie Singmaster. This album of Each Assembly presented at a noted Christian Oriental women, the luncheon or dinner the question of law result of our Woman's Missionary So- enforcement, which is distinctly recieties through the past fifty years, is lated to every Christian and every most impressive. Twenty-four beauti- missionary society, both home and forful half-tone pictures were enlarged eign. We cannot pray: "Lead us not and presented as great water color into temptation, but deliver us from paintings through the kindness of evil" and allow the present situation Mrs. Hill of Minnesota. This art gal- to continue. lery of such women as Lilavati Singh, Dr. Ma-Saw-Sa, Fellow of the Royal Such speakers as Colonel Raymond College of Surgeons, Madam Kaji Robins, Honorable Bertha K. Landes, Yajima, Christian reformer and tem- former Mayor of Seattle, who conperance leader of Japan, and other ducted a real woman's housecleaning outstanding evangelists, teachers, in that municipality, and Mrs. Fred medical workers, those engaged in Bennett, presenting home missions, making Christian literature and in attracted not only women, but mayors welfare work are the strongest argu- and judges and city commissioners. ment of the Woman's Foreign Missionary work ever put forth. The opening meeting at Orlando, in the auditorium seating 3,500 which 369 4 was practically filled, bad as an out- great speakers and missionaries has standing feature an address by W. R. been divided proportionately, so that Moody of Nortbfield. He spoke on none of the Assemblies has been over- bis fatber's work in tbe Northfield burdened, and all are likely to close schools and great summer conferences, without deficit.

and, as a climax, the fact that 200 Perhaps the outstanding feature missionaries bave gone to tbe foreign was the presence of great mission- fields from this school alone, not to aries who came with their story of mention hundreds who have received the marvelous work of our Lord Jesus their impulse at Northfield. The re- Christ in all nations. The boards action from Mr. Moody's address was have been generous in sending their the call for an Assembly for just such best. Dr. Lacey I. Moffett, 25 years a center as Northfield for the south- in China, brought a story of the Gos- ern boy and girl. A great Bible school pel and its power even under present is needed, especially in this day when conditions. Dr. Mary McDaniel, Chief the Bible is getting to be little re- Surgeon of the Medical Missionary garded in many of our so-called Chris- College in Shanghai, China, a South- tian institutes where chapel is elimi- ern girl, stirred every heart with her nated and where teachers are employed story of that great Christian medical who openly state that they have no college. Dr. Paul Counts, a Lutheran belief in the great Christian truths. missionary from Africa, in a beauti- Mr. Moody's' visit and address were ful, simple way, gave young and old most helpful. a vision of Christ's power over there A special feature of all the Assem- in the darkest places. Mrs. Montgom- blies, and a most unusual attraction ery was unavoidably detained from was the presence of Robert Elmore, some of the Assemblies in DeLand and son of Reverend and Mrs. W. T. El- Orlando, and Mrs. Elmore nobly filled more, of Eastern Theological Semina- her place. She was able to be in Tam- ry, Philadelphia. This young boy is pa and St. Petersburg, and made her pronounced by the best authority in great contribution. Mrs. Herbert Bar- New York to be the finest player on ight did a fine piece of work with the pipe organ in America today. Business and Professional Women at Only 16 years of age, he has played as their suppers each evening with a soloist with the New York Philhar- series of talks on "The King's Busi- monic Orchestra. He not only plays ness." Mrs. Induk Kim, of Korea, with marvelous skill, but carries the captured every heart. This lovely, same beautiful, religious life and de- brilliant Christian Korean woman, sire of his missionary father and with her marvelous story, brought motber. Hundreds came to listen to back faith in the supernatural to some his recitals on the great organs of of the people in the many audiences Florida. which listened to her. She came with The day sessions were filled full of a missionary message of Jesus Christ study, lectures and practical sugges- to American men and women; the old, tions. The evenings brought together old story, with its power and beauty, great audiences who filled the largest and she herself was the living illus- churches, leaving not even standing tration of what He can do in a heart room. The whole city has been moved surrendered to Him.

in every instance by the coming of One of the most delightful features the Missionary Assembly. There has of the Assemblies was the community been a certain inspiration in the singing led by a great leader who has thought that eacb one favored by this often been at Northfield, Elsie Hand Assembly in tbis Florida Chain must Klinger. She was willing to give do its best, and this very loving rival- three weeks out of her busy life, clos- ry bas had its effect. The budget of ing her studio, to come down. and nearly $2,000 necessary to bring these teach people how to praise God in

METHODS FOR WORKERS

song. She is unlike any professional four cities. The incomplete returns leader. Her direction of the pageant, are as follows: "At the Cross-Roads," was illuminat- All bills paid by registrations and ing, and the result deeply spiritual. free-will offerings.

Her method is not to show the finest Registrations, approximately 2,500.

possible musical ability, but to take Attendance evening meetings, ap- anyone who can sing, or any group proximately 20,000.

that will give itself up for a few hours, Spiritual interest high, missionary and train them to glorify God in song. zeal quickened.

None of this work could have suc- Communities and press stirred by ceeded without the beautiful and gen- attendance which increased daily in erous cooperation on the part of the every case.

women leaders of the missionary work in all the churches. They laid aside TOOLS WORTH HAVING social affairs, even the duties of house- 1. Short Pageants for the Sundaykeeping. Husbands were called in to School, by Laura S. Copenhaver. Of look after the family while mother all the books dealing with visualizatook a real, glorious outing in a Mis- tion, which have come to my desk dursionary Assembly. One Chairman, a ing the past two years, this is, in my young mistress of a manse, said: "I judgment, the finest for S. S. work. go to everyone of the day sessions, Every suggestion is possible of use. .and my husband takes care of the United Lutheran Headquarters, 723 baby; then I let him go in the eve- Muhlenberg Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ning." So families have adjusted $1.50. themselves. The attendance was beyond our dreams and enthusiasm grew 2. Why I, a Jew, Am a Christian, continually, and the impression left by B. A. M. Schapiro. Hebrew-Chrison the community, we believe is abid· tian Publication Society, 405 Bible ing. A deep, spiritual impression, House, Astor Place, New York. lOco which every city in this country needs today, will lead, we pray, to a revival 3. Twelve Programs, arranged by in this 1900th anniversary of Pente- Emma Gerberding Lippard, on the cost; a revival of witnessing on the book, Little Lord Jesus, by Mrs. Lucy part of every Christian in response to Peabody. The suggestions are fresh, our Lord's last command: "Ye shall ingenious, and adaptable. United be My witnesses." So the Church be- Lutheran Headquarters. gan. Not until the Church as a Church 4. Friendship Trails for Missionary Bands and Other Junior Organiza- revives the personal witness to those tions, by NeTannis Semmens and who do not know Him shall we see the Mary 1. Ritchie. Published by The coming of His Kingdom in power. Woman's Missionary Society of the We believe that every state might well United Church of Canada, 410 Wesley endeavor to follow the example of the Bldg., Toronto, Canada. These ten State of Florida, which will go on an- stories introducing new friends to Caoiher year with an extended chain, nadian children are full of rich spirtaking in other great centers. The itual content. They are adaptable to Federation of Foreign Mission Boards this side of the imaginary boundary has approved this plan. Information line. The illustrations lend themselves may be obtained from the office of the to crayon and chalk use; they are Chairman, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, 419 simple and clever.

Fourth Avenue, New York City. For The following are a few poetic bits sample programs, send to the Chair- from this succulent lay-out of world- man, Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 friendship diet for little world citi- 23d Ave., North, St. Petersburg, zens of tomorrow.

Florida. In hearts too young for enmity Assemblies covered 14 days in the There lies the way to make men free;

When children's friendships are world- Although they're not the sort of clothes wide, that you or I might choose, New ages will be glorified. Can really make no dHference when play- Let child love child and strife will cease Disarm the hearts, for that is peace. time comes around, For girls are girls and boys are boys -Ethel Blair Jordan. wherever they are found.

RECITATIONS Canadians All My Indian Friend We lined on the sidewalk the day he first came (Recitation for a small boy) To give him the laugh to his face, He's not the kind with tomahawk While Hector McPherson, who hated all Or long, sharp hunting knife; Chinks, He doesn't creep about at night Declared he would show him his place. To take a white man's life; And Jimmy McHugh tried to mimic his No eagle feathers wave above walk, His sun-tanned Indian brow, So toddled along on his toes, Though really that wasn't a nice thing And though he wears no deerskin suit, He's my pal, anyhow; to do, For that's not how Lee Ching Wun For he can tell vou where to find The best :fish in the lake, goes. Then Anton de Sayre made great fun of Is never lost in thickest woods But knows which path to take. his clothes, And warned Herman Francks to make The frail canoe he safely guides, The strongest bow can bend- sure That his dog, Fritz, was locked in his I tell you he's a fine young chap, My dark-skinned Indian friend. kennel each night, Or he'd make Chinese soup, rich and And to the One who sees beneath One's skin–red, black or white, pure. But young Lee Ching Wun said never a The color doesn't count for much If a fellow's heart is right. word, He smiled just as friendly and nice As if it were all just some kind of a joke When some one called, "How you like rice?"

Just Girls and Boys Then Teacher, who always knows just what to do The little girls of Holland all wear skirts so long and full, When a fellow's not getting fair play, Said, "Anton, please bring me the great They're busy knitting stockings long of softly colored wool; big world map Their wooden shoes go click-a-clack upon And we'll have a new lesson today." the spotless street, So right from our Canada, boundless and And everything about the town is, oh, so big, wondrous neat. To Ireland, Scotland and France, In Holland boys, though still quite small, To China and Germany, marked on the wear trousers full and wide, map, They watch the whirling windmills that He told us to all take a glance. are seen on every side; Then with his big pencil he drew great They look and dress like little men, these blue marks smiling little boys, From each of these countries to here, But run and play along the dykes with And Anton and Hector and Herman and very boylike noise. Jim Such queer long skirts and trousers wide I tell you all felt mighty queer. and funny wooden shoes, For "From these lands," he said, "have our citizens come, And from a few others, 'tis true," But not a boy spoke till Lee Ching, with a smile, Said, "Me now Clanadian, too."

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Far Round the World Thy Children So Jane Montgomery Smith and I, Who used to feel so proud Sing Their Song Because we were Canadians, (Tunes: Morecambe, or St. Agnes, or Don't say so now out loud. Lang,-an) Closing Prayer Far round the world Thy children sing their song, Dear Father, may these little friends Who feel so much alone, From East and West their voices sweetly blend; Soon find in our good Canada A happy, Christian home. Praising the Lord in whom young lives are strong, Suggestive to Boards Jesus, our Guide, our Hero, and our The following is a report of the findings Friend. of the committee of Secretaries of young people and other workers with young peo- Still there are lands where none hav~ ple, which met at the request of Mrs. F. seen Thy face, 1. Johnson at the meeting of the Federa- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- Children whose hearts have never sions in Atlantic City, J'anuary 11-14, 1930; shared Thy joy; Problems discussed: Yet Thou wouldst pour on these Thy radiant grace, I. Why aren't young people volun- teering for foreign service in as great Give Thy glad strength to every girl numbers as formerly, and why is it and boy. hard to secure workers for the diffi- cult places abroad? Reasons given: All round the world let children sing Thy song; 1. Uncertainty – formerly 0 n e could consider it a life work. From East and West their voice sweet- Now, due to various conditions ly blend, one cannot be certain of it be- ing a life work. Praising the Lord in whom young lives are strong, 2. Finance-The fact that there have been more volunteers than Jesus our Guide, our Hero, and our there has been money to send Friend. -Basil J. Matthews. has resulted in discouraging volunteers and prospective vol- Recitation-Our CIa•• unteers.

There's not a girl in our whole class, 3. Greater education requirements Excepting Jane and me, -Many young people are not willing to spend the longer time Was born right here in Canada, in preparation now necessary, But then, oh dear, dear me! and others cannot because of the real financial problem in- There's Gretchen Van from Holland, volved. And smart Susette from Spain, 4. Need of new type of missionary And Sano San from far Japan -While some are happy to go Has come here to remain; While all the way from China came Lee Wu Shen, oh, so shy, Who beats us all at 'rithmetic (But we love her, Jane and I).

Then Antoinette, who's very French, Can draw so very fine That Teacher sent her painting book To a big art school one time; And Garda's blue embroidered scarf, Worked every bit herself, At last year's Exhibition had A glass case to itself.

out to work with and under na- Student Volunteer Movement in tional leaders, others are not the colleges. willing. 15. The opening to young women of 5. Question of validity of the ex- so many fields of service in tension of Christianity-Some Christian education in addition are questioning whether or not to those of minister, missionary we have a right to carry our re- and deaconess. ligion to other countries. 6. Courses in Comparative Reli- Suggestions to aid in solution: gions in colleges-These are apt to leave the impression that 1. There needs to be an attractive Christianity is merely one of a presentation of missions dwell- world group of religions and ing on the larger implications. has no unique value of its own. 2. Since there is a lack of interest 7. Whole new change in Christian in missions among students due philosophy-Some are doubting largely to the change in Chris- concerning belief in a God. This tian philosophy, and since there is influencing even Christian is a pronounced developing in- groups. terest in world affairs, we sug- gest that missions be presented 8. Quest.ion of marriage-Years as one of the great factors in ago many young women mis- international relationships. sionaries did not marry. This influences some today. 3. Realizing the great benefit which may come to youth from 9. Antiquated and inadequate idea the work of a missionary on of what a mission'try really is. furlough, we suggest that their message be one which fully ap- 10. Policy of Boards, it was pointed preciates the viewpoint of youth. out, may be at fault in (A helpful leaflet, The Mission- ary on Furlough, by Mr. Wy- a. Not giving enough oppor- sham, was called to the atten- tunity for missionaries of tion of the committee.) special ability, as for ex- ample, in the field of cre- 4. Presentation by nationals is a ative literature. most effective means of interest- ing young people. b. Refusing to send colored miSSIOnaries even when 5. Programs of missionary soci- they would be acceptable eties should be more broadly to countries such as China prepared in order to interest and India. young people.

II. Terminology of the application 6. More missionary education blank-Some have been revised but should be presented in children's others are in terminology difficult for groups. young people to understand. 7. There should be an integration 12. Mercenary-Young people are of missionary education and the loathe to give up a good finan- program of Christian education cial position at home for one in the local church. which brings smaller financial returns. 8. The word "missions" must be reclaimed in all its beauty and 13. Change in emphasis-Romance meaning for youth. has been torn away. We now face facts. 9. Missionary work should be pre- sented at vocational conferences 14. The lack of emphasis on mission in schools, Y. W. C. A., and study in the Student Christian churches. Movement-This organization is not closely enough related to the 10. Motion pictures should be wide- ly used in presenting needs of the work.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

11. There should be representation the subcommittee of the World of young women directly asso- Day of Prayer Committee for ciated with young people on the the study of the young people's denominational mission boards. observance of this day, and as II. What books are most helpful to young people's workers we deyoung people and children in deep~n­ sire to continue to urge our ing the spiritual life and develoPI~g groups to share in the observan interest in the world task of mIs- ance emphasizing that the persions? sonnel of the local committee and groups be as interracial as 1. Biography the community makes possible.

Mary Slessor, William Carey, IV. How can the Federation more Livingstone, etc. fully serve the young people and vice Splendor of God-Morrow versa? Seven Thousand Emeralds- Laubach 1. Realizing that the projects of Aggrey of Africa the Federation such as Christian Borden of Yale Literature for Women and Letters of Max Chaplin Children in nonChristian Lands Stories of Missionary Heroes and the Union Colleges in the Archer Wallace's Series Orient are of such a character (Stories of Grit; Heroes of as to appeal to young people, we Peace, Overcoming Handi- suggest that young people's caps) workers of various boards give greater emphasis in their pro- 2. Stories grams to these projects and that Torch-Light Series (M. E. M. young people be kept in mind 20 at 10c each) Fiction-Mrs. Isabel Brown when literature is being pre- Rose and James Livingstone pared on these projects. . Stewart (Some doubt as to 2. Realizing the importance of Ill- the value of these.) teresting young people in the A Daughter of the Samurai work of the Federation and Margaret Applegarth's books realizing also the fact that at- for children tendance at the annual meeting, Just Like You and Nursery which makes possible the fel- Series for Children lowship with those who know so Cease Firing-Hulburt well the work and the securing Sons of Africa-Gollock of a vision of the scope of the work, is one of the bes~ means 3. General to this end, we appreciate the Christ of the Indian Road fact that many boards have in- Christ of the Round Table cluded workers among young Christ of Every Road-Jones people in their representation Blind Spots-Leiper and trust this policy will be con- Between War and Peace- tinued.

Boeckel JANET GILBERT, United Brethren, A Waking World-High Chairman, Stewardship in the Life of Youth MARY MOORE, Pres. in U. S. A., Secy., In Quest of Life and Life's RUTH HEINMILLER, Reformed in U. S. Meaning-Van Deusen SUE WEDDELL, Reformed in America, NONA DIEHL, Lutheran, III. How can young people share MURIEL GRAY, Presbyterian in Canada, more fully in the observance of the JULIA STEVENS, M. E. South, World Day of Prayer? MISS MCARTHUR, Discipl(ls in Canada, We desire to express an appre- MISS SADLER, Y. W. C. A., Cong., ciation of the appointment of II)!}LEN TUPP)!}R, India.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

FLORENCE G. TYLER AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, Editors Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE DEPUTATION TO LONDON next morning accounting for his ab- sence. By JOSEPHINE SCHAIN There were no women from Italy in Administrative Chairman, National our deputation and the British press Committee on the Cause and queried Rome for an explanation. The Cure of War answer as published gave two reasons. First, that Italy was unanimously of When Mrs. Gauntlett wrote Mrs. the same opinion as its delegation and Catt telling on what steamer she therefore, there was no reason to send would arrive in the United States for anyone. Secondly, that the women the Conference on the Cause and Cure were home where they should be, takof War, she stated that another Japa- ing care of the children. nese woman was coming with her and that they w~re going on from Wash- The deputation was most courteousington to the London Naval Confer- ly received. Both Mr. McDonald and ence carrying a petition signed by Mr. Stimson addressed our group. Mr. 180,000 Japanese women. Inspired by McDonald took us into his confidence, this wonderful demonstration, Mrs. explaining many of the difficulties Catt enlisted the American, British, with which the Conference was strug- French and United States organiza- gling. tions in a similar movement and plans were soon under way for a joint depu- Many luncheons and receptions were tation for the London Naval Confer- planned for the joint deputation so ence. With Mrs. Edgerton Parsons that we had an opportunity to discuss and Mrs. Casper Whitney, I sailed for not only the work of the Conference, London a few days after the Confer- but women's work in general with the ence on the Cause and Cure of War, women from other countries. Mrs. carrying three brief cases filled with Corbett Ashby in presiding over our memorials signed by the eleven or- deputation, struck the keynote in sayganizations cooperating in the Con- ing that it was a memorable occasion ference. The Japanese women carried because it introduced women as a new their petition in a huge wicker basket factor in international politics. and Mrs. Gauntlett in her beautiful Japanese costume gave a picturesque ON THE AIR note to our deputation. A hook-up of eighteen radio sta- The British women had undertaken tions carried the message by Mrs. F. arrangements for the hearing, and on I. Johnson who conducted the fifteen February 6th, we were received at minute Morning Devotions over Saint James Palace by Mr. Ramsay WEAF in New York City on the McDonald as chairman of the Naval morning of the World Day of Prayer, Conference; Mr. Stimson, the chair- Friday, March 7, 1930. It is interestman of the American delegation; Mr. ing to scan the list of cities where the Wakatsuki, the chairman of the Japa- stations are situated noting the wide nese delegation; Mr. Fenton of Aus- geographical distribution: New York, tralia, and Mr. Wilford of New Schenectady, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Zealand. Through a misunderstand- Philadelphia, Washington, Providence, ing, M. Tardieu was not present, but R. I., Portland, Me., Davenport, Iowa, he gave a statement to the press the Chicago, Detroit, Omaha, Charlotte, 376 N. C., Jacksonville, Fla., Covington, love and broadcast to us just now, in the Ky., Raleigh, N. C. hush of this moment, the message that each of us needs. Reveal ourselves to The Council of Women for Home ourselves-spare us not. Reveal Thy will Missions and Federation of Woman's concerning each of us for today. Trust Boards of Foreign Missions would ex- us, for we love Thee. press appreciation to the Greater New York Federation of Churches and the Nor do we ask this for ourselves alone, National Broadcasting Company for but for the hundreds of thousands around their courteous yearly according of this "great, wide, beautiful, wonderful this opportunity. The Federation and world, with its wonderful waters around Council would be glad to receive a let- it curled," who are dedicating this day to ter from any who listened in. All prayer, to special communion with Thee. over the land in various other cities women broadcasted from stations on Wherever they may meet–in churches, the Day of Prayer, the City Federa- in cathedrals, chapels, huts, on the housetion or Council of Churches graciously tops, under trees, or by the riversidemaking this possible. When the broad- be Thou, Holy Spirit, in their midst to casting in New York on the World guide and encourage and to save. Day of Prayer was first proposed for the 1927 observance, considerable hes- Especially do we pray for our nomadic itancy was ev:idenced. We were told groups in the United States-our little that the public would not "stand by" migrant children, who ·may have gath. if a feminine voice was heard at this ered the asparagus, or the tomatoes, or daily devotional hour, that women's the fruits which we shall have on our voices did not carry well over the tables today. radio, that it would necessitate an uncomfortably early trip for the broad- Help us to deal humanly with our Incaster-all sorts of reasons and ex- dian youth that is struggling up through cuses for not doing it were put forth. the dark. Finally after numerous conferences, most harmonious and friendly though Compel us to give of ourselves and of skeptical, it was arranged that Mrs. our wealth to provide Christian Litera- John Ferguson, then President of the ture for the youth of other lands, the Council of Women for Home Missions, youth that is entreating us for it. lead the Devotions. Once a precedent had been set it became easy sailing Lay upon the souls of our girls in the and in 1928 Mrs. William Edgar Geil, Union Christian Colleges in China, Jathen President of the Federation, pan, Korea, India, and elsewhere, the broadcasted. It was deemed advisable high responsibility which is theirs by to have a new voice each year; thus reason of their greater opportunities. in 1929 Mrs. D. E. Waid was chosen. We have since rejoiced especially in Our Father, just now, as Thy loving this, for owing to her death soon after, children, we bear witness to Thy power that was the last time possible to have to save and satisfy the human heart her so serve. It seemed well to alter- through Jesus Christ, Thy Revealer, Our nate between those identified with Redeemer. missions in the homeland and overseas and Mrs. Johnson, President of Now turn on Thy celestial radio of the Federation, was selected for this love and, in that mystical way which we year. do not understand but have experienced, fill our hearts in preparation for this day The scripture was Ephesians 2: 1-8. and its tasks; for love alone can win. Those who heard the service may want Amen. to preserve the words of the prayer: FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S Thou Father of us all-white, yellow, red or black-o.pen wide Thy heart of BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Officers President–Mrs. F. I. Johnson.

Vice-Presidents-Mrs. Henry W. Pea- body, Mrs. William Fraser McDowell, Miss Margaret E. Hodge, Mrs. William Edgar Geil, Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, Mrs. H. A. Lavell, Mrs. James C. Colgate, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. Daniel J. Fleming, Mrs. William L. Darby, Mrs. Ellis L. Phillips, Mrs. Herbert E. Good- man, Mrs. Harry R. Miles.

Recording Secretary – Mrs. John C. Shover.

Treasurer-Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook.

Executive Secretary – Miss FIQrence G. Tyler.

Committees and Chairmen MacLeod, Presbyterian in Canada, East- ern Division; Miss Bessie MacMurchy, STANDING Presbyterian in Canada, Western Divi- sion; Miss Janie W. McGaughey, Pres- Administ·rative-Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, byterian in the U. S.; Miss Ann Eliza- Chairman, Miss Margaret E. Hodge, beth Taylor, Presbyterian in the U. S. Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith, Mrs. De- A.; Mrs. Wm. S. Cook, United Presby- Witt Knox , Mrs. L. R. Rounds, Miss terian; Miss Ruth B. Rule, Reformed in Grace Lindley, Mrs. Leslie E. Swain, America; Miss Alice E. Bell, United Mrs. Charles H. Hardie, Mrs. John C. Brethren: Mrs. James Harrison, United, Shover, ex-officio, Miss Florence G. Tyler, Canada. ex-officio. Recording Secretary-Mrs. Edwin W. By-Laws–Mrs. Clayton D. Eulette. Lentz, Reformed in U. S. Confe1'ences and Schools of Missions- Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. T'reasurer-Mrs. Raymond B. Fenner, Foreign Students 'in America.-Mrs. United Lutheran. Leslie E. Swain. Home Bas e Cultivation-Mrs, Paul R. OFFICERS OF 'raE COUNCIL Dickie. 'J'ak(, ll at Annual Mee ting, 1930-seated, Mrs. Inte)·denmnina.tional Institutions on the LUlllz, Mrs. Judd, Mrs. Fenner; standing, Miss Foreign Field-Miss Margaret E. Hodge. Low ry, 11iS8 Quinlan, :Miss ~lor8e. Miss Brick- International Relations-Mrs. E. H. man. Mrs. VUcox and Miss Ballard were Silverthorn. absent. Industrial Missions-Miss Lucy Kent. Missions and Govent1nents-Mrs. Wil- On Executive Committee liam L. Darby. Members-at-I.arge Missionary' Preparation-Mrs. Thomas C. L. Donohugh. Mrs. Fred S. Bennett (President, Student Work-Mrs. Katharine C. 1916-1923). Foster. Wm'ld Day of Prayer-M rs. S. S. Mrs. John Ferguson (President, 1924- Hough. 1928) .

SPECIAL Miss Julia Florance, Mrs. Millard L. Robinson, Mrs. Philip M. Rossman. Annual R eport-Miss Olivia H. Lawrence. Committees and C.hairmen STANDING Bulletin-Miss Jean G. Paxton. Cooperation with Foreign Missions Administmtive-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Conference-Miss Margaret E. Hodge. Chautauqua-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. International Justice and Goodwill- Finance and Promotion-Miss Ruth B. Mrs. F . I. Johnson. Rule. Nominating-Mrs. D. J . Fleming. International R elations-Miss Elinor Program-Miss Margaret E. Burlon. K. Purves. Legislative Matters – Mrs. Samuel COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR Semple. Migmnt WOTk-Mrs. Kenneth D. Mil- HOME MISSIONS ler. Student Work-Miss Muriel Day. Ofticers Study Courses- Miss May Huston.

Honorary President–Mrs. George W. JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES Coleman (President, 1908-1915). With F ederation of Woman's Boards of President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, North- Foreign MiRsions ern Baptist. Conferences and Schools of Missions- Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. Vice-President-a.t-Large– Mrs. F. W. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Wilcox, Congregational. Hough.

Vice-Presidents-Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Baptist; Mrs. Athelia M. Howsare, Christian; Miss Mary Campbell, Disciples of Christ; Miss Grace Lindley, Episcopal; Mrs. J. S. Stamm, Evangelical; Mrs. George C. Rewwer, Evangelical Synod; Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friends; Mrs. Christine S. Smith, African Methodist Episcopal; Mrs. Carrie T. Burritt, Free Methodist; Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Methodist Episcopal; Mrs. J. W. Downs, Methodist Episcopal, South; Mrs. C. S. Kidd, Methodist Protestant; Mrs. W. MacK.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

With Home Missions Council Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mex- ico-Mr. J. C. Ross. Joint Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Pipestone, Minnesota and Fland1'cau, South Dakot~Mr. Isaac Greyearth. A laska- Indian W o-rk–Dr. Frank A. Smith. Genoa, Nebra8k~Rev. J. M. Hinds. City a.nd New Americans- Dr. Charles H. Sears. The personnel in the office always in- cludes various races and at times differ- With Missionary Education Movement ent nationalities. A Jewess, still a well- beloved friend, was the stenographer for Joint Committee on Home Mission Lit- five years; four Negroes have served erature-Miss E. Jessie Ogg. successively; Swedish, Norwegian, Rus- With Federation and Movement OFFICE PER RONNEL OF THE COUNCIL Leadership Tmining-Mrs. Orrin R. Ca~~i::jn'~ir~~~~II~~iSI[al:;~cep~~~t!~~~'; :f~:: Judd. Lncy Woo, Chinese; lirs. Allene Crawford, SPECIAL Negro.

Annual Meeting-Miss E. Jessie Ogg. sian, Japanese young women–one o·f Nominating-Miss E. Jessie Ogg. each nationality-have served, as well Office Administration-Mrs. Millard as those with Italian and Chinese par- L. Robinson. entage. Printed Annual RepoTt—Mrs. Millard L. Robinson. CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF Literature, Study of-Mrs. E. W. MISSIONS Lentz. Survey and Policy-Mrs. Fred S. Ben- 1 Baltimore, Maryland-October 28-30. nett. Mrs. Arthur C. Day, 1007 N. Carolin~ St., Baltimore, Maryland. With Home Missions Council Bethesda, Ohio-July 14-18. Comity and Five-Year Program of Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Survey and Adjustment-Dr. Hermann Ave., Moundsville, West Virginia. N. Morse. 1 Beaumont, Texas- North Am.erica.n Home Miss'ions Con- Bonlder, Colorado- June 18-26. gress-Dr. Charles L. White. Mrs. Henry F. Hoffman, 741 Adams St., Denver, Colorado. With Federation 0/ Woman's Boards 0/ 'Chautauqua, New York (Homel-Au- Foreign Missions gust 10-15.

Literature, Anniversary of Pentecost- Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, 105 East 22d St., Literature, Interchange Translations- New York, N. Y. Policy and Procedure- 1 Chautauqua, New York (Foreignl- With Fede1'ation and National Council of August 17-23. Federated Church Women Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Relationships- Dallas, Texas-September SO-October 4. Mrs. Geor~e A. Brewer, 4301 Ed- Executive Omcers mondson, Dallas, Texas. 'Dallas, Texas (Negro)-September 30- Executive Sec1'etary-Miss Florence E. Quinlan. October 4. Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Director, Indian Work- Miss Helen Dallas, Texas. M. Brickman. De Land, Florida.-January 22-24, 1931. Mrs. W. J. Harkness, 415 East New Secreta.ry for Migrant Work—Miss York Ave., De Land, Florida. Edith E. Lowry.

Western Supe'/'visor, Migrant Work- Miss Adela J. Ballard.

Assista.nt Treas1wer-Miss G. Evelyn Morse.

Other Personnel Office Secret(o'y-Miss Virginia Kaiser.

Worker Among Mexican Migrants, Crtlifornia-Miss Sara J. Reed.

Directors of Religious E'dueation Sherman Institute, Riverside, California-Rev. Floyd O. Burnett.

Haskell In.titute, Lawrence, Kansas- Rev. A. A. Van Sickle.

Theodore Roosevelt School, Fort Apache, Arizona-Miss A. Graham Rowland.

Houston, Texas-October. SCHOOLS FOR RURAL PASTORS Mrs. W. E. Ferguson, 2806 Bagby St., Houston, Texas. The purpose of the short-term 1 Kerrville, Texas-August 13-22. Schools for Pastors of Rural Churches Mrs. J. W. Smiley, 503 Bonner Ave., is to study, in a serious way, the Tyler, Texas. problems of country life and the work Lake Geneva, Wisconsin-June 30-July of the country church. 7. Disturbing phases of church life Mrs. J. A. Leas, 3731 Clifton Ave., and work are found in the country: Chicago, Illinois.

Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)- Professor Chandler says, "The twin June 2-6. gods of the machine and science have Mrs. W. C. A. Wallar, 3040 Dupont St., St. Paul, Minnesota. held sway over us for barely a half Mountain Lake Park, Maryland-July century, but already they have de- 23-30. stroyed more that is old and built up Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., more that is new than any invading New York, N. Y. Mount Hermon, California-July 5-12. army in the history of man."

Mrs. W. E. Crouser, 1128 Lincoln The changing country is demand- Ave., San Jose, California. ing a changed country church. The New Orleans, Louisiana-October 27-31. old-time country church is gone. It Mrs. J. S. Kendall, 1212 Webster Ave., will no longer serve the present age. New Orleans, Louisiana. New methods, new equipment, new programs, new types of service, new 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Home)- lines of ministry are needed. How .July 2-10.

Mrs. Frelon Eugene Bolster, Ham- mondsport, New York. can they be provided? How can the 1 Northfield, Massachusetts (Foreign)- church with its old and changeless July 11-19. message readjust itself to the new conditions, in this new and rapidly Mrs. James M. Pratt, 135 East 74th changing era, so as to preserve reli- St., New York, N. Y. gion and perpetuate the institution of 1 Orlando, Florida-January 26-29, 1931. Mrs. Edna G. Fuller, 605 De Lany, Orlando, Florida. the church? These are the things the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-September pastors of our rural churches must or October. solve. No group of ministers today has more difficult problems or more Mrs. C. O. Cole, 208 West 22d St., serious responsibilities. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

St. Pete1'sburg, Florida-February 2-7, 1931. The Schools for Rural Pastors are Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d studying these things. They have Ave., St. Petersburg, Florida. been conducted in about a dozen places for the past eight years. Last Southern California (Los Angeles)- year ten schools had a total enrollment September 22-26.

Mrs. C. E. Richards, 1211 S. Mag- nolia Ave., Los Angeles, California. of about 750 students. They are not conferences but real schools with a 1 Tampa, Florida-January 30-31, 1931. carefully worked out curriculum and Mrs. J. C. Meyers, Tampa, Florida. well chosen staffs of teachers, made up of professors from the universities, 'Warren, Ohio- of rural life specialists from denomi- Mrs. George Konold, 227 Scott St., national boards, and other carefully Warren, Ohio.

Wilson College, Chambersbu1'g, Penn- sylvania-June 30-July 8.

Miss Martha C. Hartman, 233 South chosen lecturers. Every pastor of a 44th Street, West Philadelphia, Penn- rural church ought to avail himself of sylvania. these advantages. WILLIAM R. KING.

Winona Lake, Indiana-June 19-26.

Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 Elmwood Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. Ave., Oak Park, Illinois. -April 21-May 2, Prof. C. C. Haun.

All without UIlV Bymhol urf' :tfliliahd with D"ew Theological Se1nina1-Y, Madison, l)oth Federation niHl Conncil. All incllHlf' lWllH> N. J.-May 12-30, Dr. Wm. M. Gilbert. find foreign missions excf'pt NorthfielU and Chautanqua. Bangor Theological Seminary, Bangor, Me.-June 9-20, Prof. Ralph S. Adams. 1 Affiliated with the FNleraUon only, 2 Atliliated with the Council only.

Kansas Agricultural College, Manhattan, Bethune – Cookman College, Day ton a 1(an.-June 10-20, Pres. F. D. Farrell. Beach, Fla.-February 24-March 6.

StC'te College of Washington, Pullman, Samuel Houston College, Austin, Texas Was h.-June 16-27, Dr. C. C. Cleve- –March 10-20. land. Rust College, Holly Springs, Miss.- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. April 28-May 9. -June 30-July 11, Dr. J. H. Kolb. Miles Memorial College, Birmingham, Auburn Theological Seminary, Auburn, Ala.-May 12-22. N. Y.-June 30-July 18, Dr. H. L. Reed. Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta, Michigan State College, East Lansing, Ga.-May 26-June 6. Michigan-July 7-18, Dr. Eben Mum- ford. Gul/side, Waveland, Miss.-June 10-21.

Purdue Univenity, Lafayette, Ind.-July Philander Smith College, Little Rock, 14-26, Dr. O. F. Hall. Ark.-June24-July 4.

Estes Pa?'k Association, Y. M. C. A., Wiley College, Marshall, Texas-July 8- Estes Park, Colo.-July 15-31. 18.

Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacks- Livingston College, Salisbury, N. C.- burg, Va.-July 21-Aug. 1, Rev. F. D. July 22-August 2. Goodwin. Morristown College, Morristown, Tenn.- Cornell Univenity, Ithaca, N. Y.-July September 9-18. 21-August 2, Dr. Dwight Sanderson. BOOKS FOR LANDS THAT ARE The cost of attendance ranges from $15 to $25 for board, room and a BOOKLESS small enrollment fee. Some of the denominations grant scholarships for He who gives a child a good book selected men who desire to attend one Gives that child a sweeping look of thOle schools. These scholarships Through its pages usually cover travel expenses both Down the ages; ways at clergy rates and half the ex- Gives that child a ship to sail penses at the school. Pastors should acquaint themselves with the policy of Where the far adventures hail their denomination in this matter and Down the sea make early application for a scholar- Of destiny; ship, if they are interested. Further Gives that child a vision-wide information may be obtained upon ap- As the skies where stars abide plication to the Home Missions Coun- Anchored in cil, 105 East 22d Street, New York, The love of Him; N. Y., or your own Rural Church Department. Gives that child great dreams to dream Sunlit ways that glint and gleam Where the sages Tramp the ages. -Selected.

SCHOOLS FOR NEGRO PASTORS There comes today a great cry for simple Christian books for the use of This is the first year that the Town women and children in the homes of and Country Committee of the Home non-Christian lands. John R. Mott has Missions Council included in its list placed the need of Christian literature of approved schools, any schools for among the major needs in missionary Negro pastors. The committee takes work of the present time. pleasure in placing ten such schools on the list this year. This is possible We search the world for truth; we call because of the vision and generosity The good, the pure, the beautiful, of Mr. Julius Rosenwald, the great From graven stone, and written scroll, benefactor of Negro education. From all old flower fields of the soul; Through a special gift from Mr. And, weary seekers of the best, Rosenwald, ten interdenominational We come back laden from our quest, schools have been set up. To find that all the sages said, Is in the Book our mothers read_ -John Greenleaf Whittier.

sistance of the inmates, chapels

been erected for Protestants and Runians Risk Lives for Gospel Catholics, and Protestant and Catholic pastors have been appointed. The THE American Tract Society is fur- staff includes five nurses and two nishing tracts, in Russian, to coun- clerks, and it is stated that others are teract the movement of the Soviet to be added as need arises. Republic to make Russia a godless country. Twelve thousand tracts have Bulgarian Students' Plight already been distributed in Russia, and 24,000 more are being sent by the THE destitute condition of students urgent request of missionaries who in Bulgaria is described in a recent are carrying on their work, in spite letter from Dr. Walter Kotschnig of of the drastic restrictions of the au- the International Student Service. thorities. The parts of Russia reached "The situation of the students is desare not named because of the danger to perate. The minimum amount necesthose who are risking their lives to sary for existence in Sofia is $20 to get the Gospel. $22 a month. About 40% of the stu- dents have less than $11 a month; 10% Harboring Refugees have less than $6 per month; one third of the whole student body has only one ··CITIES of refuge" for outcasts meal a day. The situation with regard from Russia have been estab- to lodgings is extremely bad, as the great majority of the students live in lished in three places in Germany. garrets, cellars and bathrooms ….. . These "cities" are temporary camps The inevitable result is illness. Fifty constructed to house the expatriated to fifty-two per cent of the students families, largely Lutherans, Mennon- are tubercular. The number of cases ites and Roman Catholics, who were of suicide among students is nearly able to secure passports out of Russia five times as large as that of pre-war during the fall months. The largest of days." the camps is in Hammerstein, where over 3,000 persons have found refuge. Moravian Meetings The first objective of those in charge of the camps is to provide food, clothing, shoes, and linen for the refugees; but at the same time it is necessary to HERRNHUT is looking forward to provide employment so that their lives three eventful years. This spring may be reconstructed, physically and spiritually. the Synod of the Moravian Church on the Continent will meet there, and will Seven shoeshops have been opened, deal with the resolutions for the Gengiving employment to more than 100 eral Synod. In the autumn, representshoemakers, and in addition, furniture, atives of all German Missionary Sowoodwork, tailoring and seamstress cieties will gather there for the tenth shops have been established. Play mission week, when there will be equipment and games occupy the at- daily lectures and discussions on probtention of the children except during lems of the mission field. In 1931, the hours when they are studying under General Synod will assemble there. It teachers selected from the ranks of the was to have met in 1919, if the war refugees themselves. A library has had not made this impossible. In 1932, been established, and with the as- there will be great festivities in honor 382

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of in school societies and study circles, the founding of Moravian Foreign beginning with the little ones of six Missions. To crown all this the In- years and continuing until conformaternational Missionary Council, the tion at eighteen. This campaign has representative of all the Protestant already passed through the first three Missionary Societies of the world, years. Nine years from now the active will be convened there; for, having resolved to meet in Germany, it has ministers of Hungary will have behind been invited by Herrnhut, at the re- them a body of young communicants quest of the German Societies, to trained for Christian activity. Mr. make that its meeting place. Forgaes is apparently a sort of Hun- garian "Father Endeavor Clark."

To Commemorate Reformation AFRICA .4 T THE request of the Reformed Dan Crawford'. Legacy ft Church in Jugoslavia for the strengthening sense of fellowship that MRS. DAN CRAWFORD writes: a universal commemoration of the Ref- "Rejoice with us; the first conormation at a fixed season would signment of the whole Bible in our afford, the Council of the General Luba-Sanga tongue has at last arrived! Presbyterian Alliance, which met in How I wish you could have been with Boston last year, endorsed a proposal us when the fat mail-bags were opened that each year on the last Sunday in in the village square. Such a rush of October, generally regarded by the eager hands to help with the unpackchurches on the Continent as "Refor- ing, while little children, who could mation Day," or on an adjacent Sun- read, pushed in between their elders, day, allusion with thanksgiving should unable to curb their impatience in be made throughout the constituent their eagerness to be the first to open churches to the benefits derived from and read the long-promised Bible. All the Reformation of religion, and that around us crowded the natives, pushthe needs of the sister churches in ing and craning over each other to get lands where the Reformed faith is op- a good look, while those too far from posed or holds a minority position be the table stretched out beseeching then had in prayerful remembrance; hands for a copy to be placed in them, and it invites the officials of all the if but for a moment. None could posconstituent churches to endeavor to sibly estimate the Bible's value,· but secure this by timely reminder to all all knew it had been lovingly printed, their ministers. and sent out to them by their praying white brothers and sisters in Christ, ReUgion in Hungary far across the seas, and they knew also that it was the priceless legacy left to ANATIONAL Missionary Society them by their loved 'Konga Vantu,' and of the Reformed Church of Hun- we were all filled with pride and gary is under way "for the fulfilling thanksgiving for at last receiving this of the command of the Lord Jesus crowning work of his African toiL" Christ as found in Matthew 28: 18-20. This will have both home and foreign Organized Union sections. The leader in this missionary revival is the Rev. Gyula Forgaes THE Congregational Union of South of Savospatchk. His conviction has Africa grew out of the independent been that in order to ensure the supply churches created by the L. M. S. of missionaries, deaconesses, colpor- There are in the Union today less than teurs and Sunday-school teachers, the 3,000 European, and over 20,000 nabegininng must be made with the chil- tive and colored members. Until a few dren. So he is working on a twelve- years ago its annual income was less year campaign of missionary education than £1,000. Now it has £60,000 in capital investments and, with the help

of the Colonial Missionary Society, Country, making a two hundred forty has an income of from four to five mile journey. In spite of our more thousand pounds. But while the mone- than one thousand campers on the tary resources have been small, the ground, our hearts were delighted in Union has been remarkably blessed in the way they cooperated to keep things its leaders. There is now a central as clean as possible. For natives this office in Johannesburg with a perma- was unusual. nent secretariat which directs the Christian activities of the whole field. "The first prayer meeting on the The colored and native churches, at opening day had 500 in attendance and first intensely independent, have been as the tent only holds 400 we saw it persuaded to come in. The Union is was going to be far too small, as peonow, by its constitution, a missionary ple had only begun to come. So we society.-Thll Chronicle. asked those present to go out and gather sticks, poles, grass and other Remembrances necessary materials to enlarge our tabernacle. This was quickly done B ISHOP GAUDERT, who is in- and a large veranda was erected on the specting the African fields of the two sides and one end of the tent, and Moravian Church, tells of his stay in later a second addition was made to Zanzibar, where he visited the cathe- the end veranda, so that nearly a thoudral of the English Universities Mis- sand people could sit in the shade. sion. It is built on the place of the Plans are already beginning to work old slave market and its altar stands out for a grass-roofed tabernacle for on the spot where the slaves used to next year which will seat 2,000 people. be whipped. On a side pillar there Natives are donating the labor and we hangs a plain wooden cross. A tablet have already 683 Ang-olars of the 3,000 on it bears an inscription stating that (about $150) needed for the matethe wood is from the tree beside Lake rials we will have to buy." Bangweolo under which Livingstone died and where his heart was buried. NORTH AMERICA What a remembrance of those who strike wounds and those who heal Religions Education Meeting them! THE annual meeting of the Interna- SlIccessflll Camp Meetillg tional Council of Religious Educa- tion, February 12-19, 1930, was held ACAMP MEETING in Angola is an in Chicago. Problems dealt with by interesting event. Mrs. Susan the Council include those of Religious Wengatz, in the Indian Witness de- Education as carried on by religious scribes one such, held in the Malanje education directors-state, county and District. [Mrs. Wengatz died Jan. 16, local – teachers and denominational of rabies.] secretaries. The membership is drawn from these groups. Two trends seemed "They came from aU directions, ar- very strong: First, the way in which riving at all hours, day or night, a the representatives of many denominacrowd of tired but happy looking men, tions were working together to build women and children, each one carrying a unified religious program; second, a load of food, cooking pots, baskets there was evidence that leaders feel and sleeping mats, or perhaps leading the need to come back to a much a goat or sheep to be killed during the stronger presentation of Christ and week. The largest delegation from the Bible directly, rather than of the anyone native church was 136 people. writings of others concerning these. They walked, including the home going, forty miles. Fifty people from Bible Memorization Contest one vilage walked sixty-two miles to this camp, and one woman, an earnest A PLAN for reaching the unreached Christian, walked from the Sango children of British Columbia was launched last September. There is a

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

vast scattered field in this Province of America's christianization, the chalisolated settlements outside the usual lenge of the day to the Church, the call efforts of the denominations. Follow- for constructive comity, the cooperaing the plan used in Manitoba and tive task, the teachings of Jesus ap- Alberta, the Sunday-school mission plied to industrial conditions, the why sought to form a link with the public and how of church worship, the penteschool teachers of the Province, re- costal spirit, the unfulfilled commisquesting their cooperation in a Bible sion to teach, better church members, Memorization Contest for their pupils. the betterment of the home town Many teachers responded, and 40 through the service and services of the schools enrolled. Of approximately Church, and the courage of evangelism 300 children who have entered the con- were among the important subjects test, a large percentage are scattered discussed. from 20 to 80 miles from any church or Sunday-school. Lutheran Foreign Missions Conference Cou.ncll of Chu.rches ONE hundred representatives of all Lutheran Foreign Mission Boards PROBABLY the greatest mustering in America (except the Missouri of sentiment on the question of Synod) met in the Central Lutheran "Christian Unity" that America has Church of Minneapolis, March 5, 1930, ever seen tool< place at the Centennial in the twelfth annual convention of the Pentecostal Celebration of the Ohio Lutheran Fore:ign Missions Confer- Council of Churches in Columbus, Jan- ence of America. The general topic uary 19-26. More than 3,500 repre- was Mission Evangelism. The prosentatives of Ohio's Protestantism ceedings and excellent papers are to be were registered for the four interde- published in a pamphlet which will be nominational conventions – pastors', of permanent value. The evening seslaymen's, women's and young people's sion was a public meeting conducted -included in the week's program. by the pastor of the church, Dr. J. A. The pastors' reg i s t rat ion alone O. Stub, and the retiring vice-presiamounted to 1,261. dent of the conference, the Rev. Johan Mattson. Dr. George Drach and Dr. The Laymen's Convention findings L. W. Boe, President of St. Olaf Colincluded one resolution declaring that lege, delivered the addresses. "we favor immediate action wherever possible that may finally result in spir- The officers elected for the ensuing itual and organic union," and urging year are: President, the Rev. George that "we proceed as rapidly as prac- Drach, D.D., United Lutheran Church; ticable in local communities, in mis- Vice-President, the Rev. O. J. Johnsionary efforts and by overhead or- son, D.D., Augustana Synod; Secreganizations or officers." The Pastors' tary, the Rev. H. Hoverstad, Nor- Convention expressed itself in favor of wegian Lutheran Church; Treasurer, church consolidation, especially in the Rev. J. H. Schneider, D.D., Joint downtown sections "where maintenance Synod of Ohio. and service have become a problem," and in rural areas where relief from What this conference represents may "intolerable conditions of overchurch- be judged from the following statistics ing and underchurching" is needed. of American Lutheran Foreign Mis- sions: The total annual expenditure The success of this conference fur- of American Lutheran Foreign Misnished the inspiration in large meas- sion Boards now is nearly two millions. ure for a similar gathering of some In more than twenty foreign fields 400 ministers, of all denominations there are 670 missionaries, including and from all parts of the state, at wives, and 6,000 national Christian Springfield, Ill., March 3-5. Evan- workers of all grades. The total numgelism was interpreted and stressed. ber of baptized Christians in all these Such themes as world friendship, fields is 226,940, the pupils in the mis- S

sion schools number 67,260, and the Evangelism Among Filipinos number of treatments in mission hospitals and dispensaries is 235,522. AMERICA has 100,000 Filipinos, The value of mision property, held in .tl. and approximately 800 more are trust for the native churches, has entering the ports of San Francisco, reached the grand total of $4,000,000. Seattle and Los Angeles each month. These statistics are impressive and sig- Under the direction of the Methodist nificant. It is gratifying to observe Episcopal. Church, a series of evanthat during the past ten years since gelistic services have been conducted the World War, there has been a de- in Central and Northern California. cided increase of foreign missionary Many groups of Filipinos in the farminterest and effort in practically all ing and fruit sections of California American Lutheran synods and gen- have also been reached. The farm eral bodies, and if this increase con- youth is sought in the fields by gamtinues unabated, the American Luth- blers, bootleggers and other evil ineran Church soon will have a more fluences, and is therefore as much in worthy ranking in foreign mission need of moral guidance as is the young work. man of the town or city. The rapid influx of these people into the United The Conference requested the Ex- States presents an enormous evangelecutive Committee of the Lutheran istic opportunity. World Convention to constitute a standing sub-committee on Foreign Negro Gains in Decade Missions, one of whose duties shall be to arrange through said Executive A DECREASE during the past ten Committee, a World Lutheran For- years of eighty-eight per cent in eign Missions Conference. – George the annual lynching record is cited as Drach, D.D. obvious evidence of improving inter- racial conditions in the South, in a Adventist Liberality statement just made public by the Commission on Interracial Coopera- THE 112,276 members of the tion on the completion of its first ten Seventh-day Adventist denomina- years of work. The steady decline in tion throughout the United States and the number of lynchings, from 83 in Canada gave $2,839,674.09 in free-will 1919 to eleven in 1928 and ten in the offerings to the advancement of for- year just ended, the Commission coneign mlSSlons in 1929, or an aver- siders a significant and encouraging age of 48.6 cents per week for each index of changing public sentiment. individual. This is an increase of $19,559.98 over 1928, but on account Other important gains of the decade of the larger membership in 1929 the cited are an increase in educational average cents per week is one-half facilities; a decided improvement in cent less. During the past ten years, Negro health and a longer life span; this denomination has paid $24,708,- the better support of Negro welfare 835.09, an average of $24.13 per year agencies through public appropriafor each church member. The goal tions and community budget; the enfor mission giving is 60 cents a week listment of the important religious among the white constituency, but the groups, particularly the organized negro work in the South is based on church women, in programs of inter- 50 cents a week. Two of the twelve racial study and betterment; the inunion conferences – Columbia and troduction of the study of race rela- East Canadian-report the largest tions into hundreds of colleges and total per capita receipts for 1929 that high schools; the publication of many they have ever raised in their history; excellent books and magazine articles while 3 more show larger averages by and about Negroes; and the mothan last year. bilization of several thousand men and women in interracial committees

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

which are working for a larger meas- World's La.rgest Missions ure of justice and opportunity for the South's Negro population. I N THE Lutheran Year Book of Foreign Missions, published in GENERAL Leipzig, Germany, under the editor- ship of Dr. W. Gerber, complete Ministerial Relief statistics of all Lutheran Foreign Missions are given. It will be inter- NINETEEN general church bodies esting to know that the mission of the in America pay 29,665 incapaci- Rhenish Society in the Dutch East tated ministers and ministers' widows Indies is listed as having a baptized and children a total of $9,566,095.53 a membership of 333,145, which makes year in pensions, benefits and minis- it without doubt the largest foreign terial relief, according to F. E. Smith, mission in the world. It can hardly, of Indianapolis, Secretary of the however, be called a distinctively Board of Ministerial Relief of the Dis- Lutheran mission, though perhaps ciples of Christ. These organizations predominantly so. Many of its mishave more than $130,000,000 in endow- sionaries are confessionally Reformed. ment and relief funds for the future care of beneficiaries. Nearly all of The largest all-Lutheran mission in the congregations to whom question- the world is that of the United Lunaires were sent reported plans for ex- theran Church in the Telugu Country tension of th,e scope of their benefit of India, which reports a baptized work. membership of 140,000, and the next largest are those of the Gossner So- A Call to Service ciety in Chota Nagpur, India, with 118,000 baptized members and of the Y OUNG men and women are wanted Norwegian Missionary Society in for service abroad this year under Madagascar, with 101,000. the auspices of the Protestant Churches of the United States and Canada, ac- Step Toward Opium Suppression cording to calls, numbering 1,153, listed in the January number of the T HE t h i r tee nth session of the Student Volunteer Movement Bulletin. League of Nations Advisory Com- This number includes openings for 440 mittee on Opium, at Geneva, January teachers, 274 ordained ministers, 169 20-February 14, produced, with unaniwomen for religious and social work, mous agreement, a far-reaching plan 105 physicians, 99 nurses, 4 dentists, for checking the illicit traffic in nar- 2 pharmacists, I dietician, 11 treas- cotic drugs through direct limitation urers and business managers, 4 agri- of manufacture. The plan has three culturists, 4 printers, 3 builders, 3 fundamental points. It would determatrons and 1 librarian. mine production by securing estimates of legitimate requirements in narcotic Thorough preparation and a gen- drugs annually from each country paruine sympathy with missionary work ticipating in the proposed convention. are essential qualifications for these It would allocate production by arpositions. Candidates under 30 years rangement either between the governof age are preferred, though some or- ments of manufacturing countries, or ganizations will accept persons up to between the manufacturers themselves 35 years of age. For information with the approval of their governwrite to the Foreign Mission Board of ments. It would control distribution your own denomination, or to the Stu- by establishing a Central Office audent Volunteer Movement, 419 Fourth thorized to approve or disapprove ex- Avenue, or to the C. W. E. Committee, ports of narcotics from the supplying 600 LexingtonAvenue, New York City, countries after the export license has from which address leaflets listing the been granted by the national governcalls for teachers, doctors, nurses, or- ment, according to whether the ,ship. dained ministers, and women religious workers may be obtained free.

ment falls within the previously speci- rate of one kilo per million the world fied requirements of the consuming requirements in one year' would be country. about 1,700 kilos of this drug. In WESTERN ASIA the year 1928 (as per above) Roessler C,hanges in Persia. Fils manufactured 4,349 kilos of this THE West Persia Mission of the Presbyterian Church, reports that drug, i. e., two and a half times the "fifteen years ago there was not a single converted Moslem on the staff legitimate requirements of the wfaocrtlod~' and this is only one of several ries in Central Europe.

of our school; now there are four con- A Decade in Turkey verted Moslems on the regular staff, N and two more who are almost within OWHERE else has so great an out- ward change been wrought in one the fold. While there were some 'inquirers' fifteen years ago, today there decade as in Turkey. It is as if the is an organized group of Moslem con- new State wished wholly to forget its verts, a 'church' not only here in the past, though it still finds it difficult to city but also in a number of places subdue the hate of centuries rising in throughout Persia. There are now its blood, and to love mercy. It has, twenty names on the list of proba- at any rate, faced westward and made determined attempt to follow Western tioners. The little group of Moslem . ways. Many who cannot forget the converts recently gave the sum of $17.00 toward helping their brethren past, with its barbarity and butchery, in Meshed build a new church. Books will insist that the old Turk has only and tracts, not including the Scrip- put on new garments, but this view tures, were distributed throughout all must be revised when one considers Persia this year to the number of the reforms which are being pressed. 21,700 as compared with 2,500 two They still come largely from above and years ago. The distribution of the have to contend with the force of age- old tradition and custom, but this is Bible and Bible portions has increased all the stronger proof of the sincerity proportionately." of the leaders. Real progress toward Drug Traflic in Egypt Western ideals has been made in these THE report of the Cairo Central last few years. Most promising of all Narcotics Intelligence Bureau is a is the new system of education under sweeping denunciation of Western which oncoming generations will grow countries, where the drugs are manu- up literate, and familiar with the new factured for shipment to Egypt and national ideals. Following the order the Far East. Russell Pasha, Cairo that everyone must learn to read and POlice Head since 1918 and who has write, and the compulsory adoption of Iileen in Egypt since 1902 says that in Latin characters, 1,036,500 persons the Central European manufacturing learned to read within eight months. Today in place of 3,850 primary countries the unit of calculation when schools where the Koran was taught talking of narcotics is the ton, and without an understanding of the that the narcotic manufacturers of meaning of its verses, we have, 6,580 Central Europe are making colossal schools. In these schools 441,000 stufortunes by pouring their poisons into dents learn history and geography. Egypt and the Far East. The Pasha's report states that the legitimate scientific and medical requirements of Sunday-school Beginnings one European country of 53,000,000 IN MARCH, 1929, Mr. L. N. Zenian, inhabitants are ffty kilograms of hero- an Armenian, began a religious in per annum. If the population of education program in the Gregorian the world is taken as 1,646,000,000 and Church. He tells of organizing the an allowance of heroin given at the Sunday-school work.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"The opening took place December missionary, saying, "I have lost the 1st. Two halls, used for kindergarten girl I loved and my father and mother. during the week, were offered for this Now I want to make it worth all this purpose, the School Board agreeing to cost. Send me to the Kalingas " permit the use of their equipment on Everybody protested, for these were condition that in the near future we the wildest head-hunters of the Benpurchase our own chairs, etc., to be quet Mountains. But he insisted. used on Sundays. On November 24th When he arrived with the soldiers, the from the three church pulpits, refer- chiefs of the tribe hissed through ence was made to the importance of their teeth, "If we were not afraid of religious education through the Sun- these soldiers we would take your day-school. Parents were advise.d to head." Ten years passed. Six hunsend their children to the Sunday- dred Kalingas had joined his church. school for registration. On that same The chiefs were elders in the church Sunday our teachers registered 430 of the man they had once threatened boys and girls, from four to fourteen to will. At length, as his father lay years of age. December 1st, over 500 dying, he sent for Juan to come home. children were present, many having "Juan," he said, feebly raising his no seats. The chairman and secretary thin arms, "forgive me, forgive me, of the Council were our speakers, as for chasing you from home. I have well as one of the priests. I told them watched your career. You are the the story of Jesus blessing the little only boy I have who doesn't drink, children. They listened with deep gamble, or associate with evil women. interest. It was a day of great rejoic- Forgive me, and God help you to make ing for all of us who have been hold- the other boys as you are." Juan aning the children so near to our hearts. swered, "Father, there is nothing to The service lasted more than an hour. forgive, for if you had not done what With our musical leader, the children you did I would not have found Christ practiced chanting the Lord's Prayer. and the Kalingas might still have been without Him." "Many children went home with broken hearts as there was no room United Publishing Vam.paign for them in this first day of school. Every effort will be made to make A N ORGANIZATION to be known places for these and 'Others also, just 1'. as the "Christian Literature Soas soon as possible." ciety," whose purpose is the "promo- tion and publication of indigenous Progress Again in Swing Christian literature in the Philip- pines" has recently been launched. It A LL primary schools in Afghanis- will be the publishing agent of the Na- 1'. tan are to be reopened. The tional Christian Council, and as such Educational Ministry is urged to take will control the projected interdenomearly steps to arrange for the instruc- inational magazine for the churches. tion of those youths who, during the It has a schedule of tract publication, revolutionary days, had to leave school. which provides for issuing one new The King considers education next in tract each month, each tract to be importance to the army. – AUiance published in six dialects. It will pro- duce stewardship, home missions, and Weekly. devotional literature, such as "Pil- grim's Progress," in 3 dialects each. ISLANDS The Enterprising Filipino From the Life I T WOULD be hard to find a new JUAN LEONES walked into a mis- mission in the Church where the sion, heard the story of Christ, and first few years have brought such a carried a Gospel home with him. His father tore the book up and chased the boy from home. Juan returned to the

response and such a promise for the fessed their sins, and express a desire future, as the Mission of St. Francis, for a better life. at Upi, Cotabato Province, on the Island of Mindanao, in the Southern The authorities seem to appreciate Philippine Islands, a promise over- the work for the spiritual and physical whelming unless reinforcement in betterment of the prisoners. It is staff and equipment is forthcoming. hoped by this work to encourage and At least three of the ten outstations possibly inspire those in charge of the of the mission are ready for simple prisons along the line of prison rechurch buildings, walls of split bam- form, as well as to carry the blessing boo, thatched roofs, safe in that part of the Gospel to those who seem to of the Islands where they do not have need it most. floods and typhoons. The local people are giving half the cost. Ja~an's Beneficence CHINA T WO Research Institutes in China are being founded by the J ap- Missionaries in China anese 'Government as a means of re- turning to China part of the indem- I DOUBT the report of the New nities paid by that country to Japan. York Times cor res p 0 n den t in One will be located at Peiping and Shanghai that "the Nationalist move- will deal with philosophy, relJgion, ment is inimical to Christianity and literature and the arts. The other all missions.'" Such a statement is will be at Shanghai and will deal with absurd when so many of the National- the natural and physical sciences. In ist leaders are Christians themselves addition, three hundred Chinese stuand when so many Christian leaders dents in Japan will receive financial -all of them, I should estimate-are aid, and four Japanese hospitals in ardent Nationalists. There is no con- China will receive subsidies. To flict between a sane nationalism and finance these undertakings a fund of Christianity, and the Chinese know 92,000,000 Yen (about $46,000,000) this as well as we. RICHARD H. RITTER, has been set aside from the Boxer and other indemnities paid by China to Presbyterian Missiona1'1J in Peiping. Japan, and is expected to yield 3,000,- 000 Yen a year., Cheer for Prisoners Christian Movement in Transition FOR six years our preachers and Christian workers from the Mc- ACCORDING to Dr. J. Leighton Lain Memorial and Grace Memorial churches in Sunkiang, China, have H Stuart, President of Yenching been visiting the city prison. The prison consists of a group of rooms one University, there is no fundamental story high in which are gathered all clash between the nationalist and sorts of criminals, many with bodies Christian movements in China, The afflicted with every disease to which two are striving after the same goals flesh is heir. No place for bathing or and each can supplement the other. laundry is provided. The Government Time is proving that the Nationalist employs no physician to treat their Government is the best that China can diseases, and no Chinese doctor will have under the circumstances. Out of volunteer without pay to attend to the this critical transitional period, there ills of the suffering mass. In addition has come much questioning and reto the heavy penalties inflicted upon evaluating of the whole missionary these prisoners for crime, great num- enterprise. The Christian organizabers are suffering from trachoma, tion in China contained foreign charwhich soon destroys their sight and acteristics which were non-essentials. leaves them in total darkness. Tender, On the whole, Dr. Stuart looks upon helpful service in a practical way be- the anti-Christian movement as a gets confidence, and many have con- blessing in disguise.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-KOREA In TokYo some rich Buddhists to- Ethical Standards Compared gether with the Buddhist Women's TASUKU HARADA contributes an League, and the Association of Bud- article to Pacific Affairs comparing Japanese ethical ideals with the teach- dhists in Honolulu raised $67,250.00 ing of Christianity. He points out that the dominating factor in the Jap- for a hospital for the poor. anese conception of morality is the sense of ought-a desire for order and Last summer numerous vacation reduty, as opposed to the affection and feelings. When Christ said "He that treats for religion were held in Japan loveth father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me," he said under the auspices of the Buddhist something easy for a Japanese to understand. A sense of gratitude, a Young Men's Association. One of spirit of disinterestedness and dignity and loyalty are among the more im- these was attended by 300 people. portant Japanese virtues. On the other hand Japan's positivistic tend- In November, 1928, a Buddhist Conency rejects the supernatural in the Christian faith, and her belief in pan- gress of priests and laymen was held theism make it impossible for her to conceive the existence of a personal, in Nagoya, which was attended by 1,- heavenly Father. Her instinctive fatalism is another barrier to Chris- 500 delegates. tian belief. The demand of absolute righteousness is unknown in Japanese The western Hongwanji Sect has theocracy. The sudden inrush to Japan of Western materialistic civiliza- arranged for medical aid in 65 remote tion is not favorable to the growth of Christianity. These external condi- villages in which it is difficult to obtions, together with Japanese philosophic con c e p t ion s, offer more tain medical help. The method is to difficulties than does the moral code, which has very noble aspects. have a physician tender medical aid Buddhist Activity for a week at a time to all inhabitants.

ADEVOTED Japanese Buddhist, At the same time a priest is in attend- who acquired some wealth in America, Sakichi Kato, after a pil- ance to minister to the religious wants grimage to the shrines of Buddhism in India, determined to erect a Bud- of the people. dhist temple at his own expense in Buddhagaya. In October, 1929, a German-Japa- A small group of Buddhist priests nese Association was founded under and laymen in TokYo has established three homes for neglected children in the honorary presidency of Prince Tokyo, one of them being for girls. Tokugawa. The impulse was given by In Osaka a Buddhist layman, Tatsujino Shinano, has established a home the German Buddhist Prof. Petzold. for Korean laborers who are emigrating to Japan in increasing numbers. Its object is to promote the study of It has 79 rooms for 300 persons. Mahayana Buddhism and to carry on Buddhist propaganda in Germany by the translation of Buddhist works, the publication of a periodical and the founding of Buddhist chairs in Ger- man universities. A fund of $50,000.00 is being gathered. .

The Buddhist Institute of Prof.

Walleser in Heidelberg has received a gift of $1000.00. from a Japanese, Kunihiko Okura, for the publishing of some Buddhist works.

The above facts, which have been collected by Pastor Witte, show how Christian methods are being adopted.

Kingdom of God Campaign THE Kingdom of God campaign en- tered a new phase with the coming of 1930. It is now a truly united evan- gelistic movement. All over Japan union prayer meetings were held in the churches on January 1, 2, and 3,· for the success of this great undertak- ing. Christian mass meetings have been held in Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto,

Kobe and elsewhere, with thousands in afternoon preaching from house to attendance. Now there is a weekly house and evening services. Each newspaper devoted exclusively to the morning Mr. Kim led in prayer very Kingdom of God campaign, and de- earnestly, and afterward all prayed signed to follow up the advantage silently or quietly. gained when a seeker for truth has his interest aroused, but may not be ready The largest church in Pyengyang to seek out a Christian friend or a has been unable to accommodate the pastor and talk things over. On Jan- crowds which have attended these uary 10 all the leading newspapers of special evangelistic meetings in recent Tokyo and Osaka carried a message years, and a gymnasium-auditorium, from the churches to Japan's non- which will seat as many as 5,000-on Christian millions. the floor in Korean fashion-is being built on the campus of Union Chris- F.Farm Schools for Korea tian College. O. CLARK tells in the Korea Mis- sion Field of the effort to improve INDIA-BURMA economic conditions: Work A:mong the Incurables "Twenty ten-day farm schools are being held this winter, attended by 'dirt I N THE Home for Incurables, Cofarmers' and others interested. One- lombo, there is a regular Sunday third of the time is spent in discus- service in English, Singhalese and sions another third in demonstrations, Tamil, in which Christian workers and the remainder in stock judging, take an active interest. The worshipmachinery, etc. It is hoped to reach pers belong to different denominations 2,5()0 farmers between December and and communities. Among them are a April, and the permanent establish- lady of 97, blind TamiIo, and a crippled ment of two agricultural schools is the boy in his early teens. It is refreshgoal It is planned to send instructors ing to hear them sing, read the Bible out to farms to give practical advice and pray. After the service, the wards on the farmers' problems. An im- are visited. God has signally owned proved farm program involves a con- the work of faith and labor of love. siderable change in the diet of the people, but this can only be brought Health Week in Chupra about when the women are taught how to prepare a variety of foods. We To MAKE Chupra, Christian Benare cooperating in this farm school gal village, clean and healthful, the movement with the mission workers, Church Missionary Society held a together with the Korean church lead- "Health Week," with the slogan: "Cut ers, who are largely responsible for the jungle, kill the mosquito," and a the attendance at these schools." program of lectures, leaflets and pag- eants. Prizes were offered for the best Daybreak Prayer Meetings work in jungle clearing, writing the best play and for the cleanest com- DAYBREAK prayer meetings at pound. This concentrated program 6 a. m., in which more than 1,200 was preceded by the work of the "Antipersons participated, featured the Malaria Society," made up of misspecial evangelistic meetings held in sionaries, older pupils and a few in- Pyengyang, Chosen, for eleven days terested villagers. The society had during November, 1929. Rev. Kim Ik been divided into four groups, each Tu; perhaps the foremost evangelist group making ,itself responsible for of Chosen, called by many the "Billy one part. About once a week these Sunday of Korea," led the meetings. bands sallied forth armed with vari- The program called for daybreak ous implements to cut jungle or spray prayer meetings, morning Bible study, stagnant pools with kerosene. To understand the problem, one must know that in a Bengal jungle every

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

hedge, tree and plant grows prodi- sionary educators, proposes that a giously, until there is one wild tangle commission should be sent out to in- both of undergrowth and overhead vestigate the whole question of Chris- vegetation. The sun, effective purifier, tian Higher Education in India. It cannot get through, and compounds was proposed that the commission become dark, damp and excellent should be appointed jointly by the Con- breeding places for mosquitoes. ference of Missionary Societies in Nearly every compound has a hole Great Britain and Ireland, the· For- whence mud has been dug to build the eign Missions Conference of North house, and here stagnant water lies America, and the National Christian and mosquitoes begin their deadly Council of India, the chairman to be existence.-C. M. S. Outlook. appointed by the International Mis- sionary Council. Steps were taken at National Missionary Society the Williamstown meeting of the com- THE work of this Society is making mittee of the International Missionary steady progress. It is now carry- Council to arrive at a united policy on ing on work in eight provinces of In- this matter, and it is hoped that the dia, comprising ten language areas. names of the commission will be set- It has a total staff of 110 workers, tled within the next few weeks and with a large number of honorary publicly announced. The National workers in different parts of the coun- Christian Council has agreed to the try. Its budget for 1929 is Rs. 72,360. enlarged terms of reference proposed Last year the Society's income from by both the British and American voluntary contributions came to very groups, and the commission will now near Rs. 58,000. This is what the re- deal both with the whole question of port says about this new venture of cooperation and concentration in colfaith: liNepal has been one of our lege work in India and with the wider prospective fields of labor, and it has question of the religious efficiency of been very clear to the U. P. Provincial the colleges and their relation to the Committee and the Central Executive growth of the church in India. It was that the call has come from the Hima- originally intended that the inquiry layan borderland to go over and help should deal solely with problems of our brethren there. Nautanwa, which men's colleges and of high schools for is to be the base of our operations, is boys in so far as they relate to the in British territory, and adjoins the independent State of Nepal, which is colleges. It now appears that the womclosed to all white men. The Rev. Dr. Boaz, of the U. P., has accepted the en's colleges, though not desiring to Society's invitation to start work in be represented on the commission, do wish that some of their difficulties should be laid before the commission, this new center. He is a doctor, and and steps will be taken to ensure that it is hoped that he will proceed to the this is done.

station by October next. Nepal will be the first foreign mission field of the Burma Missionary Conference N. M. S., and was able last year wholly T HE Forty-third Annual Meeting of to support the work of the Society in the Burma Baptist Missionary Contheir area. Mrs. Boaz is also a quali- ference was held in Rangoon recently. fied medical woman." In December, The keynote for the business sessions 1930, the Society will complete twenty- seemed to be "Readjustment." Steps five years of work. are being taken to provide for an Christian Higher Education ever-increasing share of responsibil- ity to be turned over to the "Nation- T HE National Christian Council, als" as they are ready to assume it. supported by a very influential One of the hopeful things about the group of Indian Christian and mis- evangelistic work is the part taken by

the younger Christians. The Press tiently stood through the service, which has published literature in eight dif- lasted two and a half hours. The Inferent languages and progress has dians like long services, however. They been made in putting the New Testa- come to spend the day, and there is never ment into two new languages. any hurry. There was a baptism and then eleven candidates received an apos- LATIN AMERICA tolic rite. After that, Mr. Salinas preached a moving and eloquent sermon in appre- Campaign Against Alcohol in Mexico ciation and loving memory of Bishop Murray. After the service I made an MISS MABEL V. YOUNG, Baptist address to the new members and then missionary teacher at Colegio the spirit moved Pbro. Salinas to preach Howard, Puebla, Mexico, writes the again. It was three thirty when the following encouraging news: "One of service ended and four o'clock when we the helpful plans in the work of the sat down to lunch. After final conferpresent administration in Mexico is a ences and a last word to the young peocampaign against alcohol. We are ple regarding religious duties, we were glad to second this important work by off for Nopala. giving talks to the parents through our Parent-Teacher Association, and Conference in Ca.raca.s to the pupils in school. We procured the services of a doctor in the employ THE Missionary Conference, which of the Government for this work and assembled in Caracas, Venezuela, that of Pro Infancia. He gave enlight- January 11-14, was of great imening talks to our teachers and to the portance and interest. Under the inparents of our pupils on the impor- itiative of the Rev. C. A. Phillips an tance of giving the child a fair chance invitation to the proposed conference in life, by the parents themselves keep- was sent to all the missionaries in ing healthy and clean both physically Venezuela, and all were represented and morally. He emphasized the part except two. From the statistics it is alcoholic liquors played in the degen- noted that in the number of baptized eration of thousands of children. We members there has been an increase secured posters published by the Gov- of almost 160% in the last seven years; ernment on the subject, and used them in the number of organized churches for the meeting. It is very encourag- just one was lacking to have doubled ing to see the efforts the administra- the number; the Sunday-schools have tion is making along these lines." increased almost 150%. With all this there has only been an increase of Mexican India.n Mission three missionaries, whereas the num- ber of national workers has increased BISHOP CREIGHTON, of the Prot- from 19 to 46 in the same period. estant Episcopal Church, writing in the Living Church, describes the The preparation of national worksimple service of an Indian Mission. ers was discussed, and the need for a seminary in Venezuela in which such Humini is one of our most interesting workers may continue their studies congregations. The little white church was keenly felt. It was recommended on the mountainside draws people from that each mission continue preparing all directions who travel long distances its workers as well as possible, but to attend the services. Humini is not a that continual thought be given to the village; it is only our church with two possibility of founding a seminary in or three little stone houses clustered which all may cooperate. Among all around it, but when the bell rings, it the missions, missionaries and nationsends its call up and down the great val- al workers there exists the most comley and the people begin to come over the plete harmony. One of the great trails. benefits of such conferences is the op- portunity to become personally ac- When the morning service started quainted with the workers and breththere was a congregation which packed ren of other churches and of being the church and overflowed into the little edified with them in faith. parish house adjoining. Many men pa-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these C01Ul1tnS will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The China Year Book 1929-1930. Edited its problems that has ever been pub- by H. G. W. Woodhead, C. B. E. 1260 lished in this or any other country." pp. $12.50. The Tientsin Press, China, The comprehensive character of the and the University of Chicago Press. volume limited Christianity to twenty- The China Christian Year Book, 1929. seven pages, but it is suggestive of Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 564 pp. the place that Christianity has already $1.75. Christian Literature Society. achieved in China that while only one Shanghai., 1930.

Books on China have become so third of a page is devoted to Confu- numerous that only a well endowed cianism, two thirds to Taoism, three library can contain all of them. "I quarters to Mohammedanism, and want to keep posted on China," a pas- three and a quarters pages to Bud- tor recently s'aid, "but 1 can't command dhism, twenty-two pages are given to either the time or the money for half Christianity and that the account of of the books that have been published Christian Missions is notably inteIli- and our local public library has only gent and sympathetic. a small and poor collection. What are The China Christian Year Book, as the indispensable ones that 1 ought its title implies, has a more limited buy?" Well, sixteen good books on scope since its primary purpose is to China were listed in the February give the facts about Christian mis- number of the REVIEW, and double this sions and the conditions that affect number could easily have been added. them. This is not done, however, in Since that list was published, we have any narrow way. Part I, of 121 pages, received the two year books mentioned admirably summarizes the political, above. We unhesitatingly place them economic and cultural background of present day China. Then part Ii preamong "the indispensable ones."

The China Year Book has a general sents a wide range of material on scope and under twenty-seven main di- religious thought, ch'urch life, mis- visions and over a hundred subdivi- sionaries, education and social prob- sions gives authoritative information lems, medical work, and literature. A on about every conceivable subject re- chronological table lists the principal lating to China. It has been prepared events in 1928-1929 and four appen- by a committee of editors under the dices cite important documents and a chairmanship of the distinguished bibliography of recent books on China.

editor of the Peking and Tientsin The great labor expended in gather- Times. Many experts, foreign and ing and collecting the data has been Chinese, have cooperated with him. done under the leadership of Dr.

An unusual amount of painstaking la- Rawlinson, the experienced editor of bor has been expended, and the result The Chinese Recorder, Shanghai, as- is a work of reference that is as au- sisted by a competent editorial board thoritative as it is comprehensive. So and a large number of expert contrib- competent a judge as Sir John Jordan, utors. Such authorship and the fact formerly British Minister to China, that the book is issued under the au- declares it to be "beyond all compari- spices of The Christian Literature So- son the most complete and most au- ciety for China and The National thentic compendium of China and all Christian Council of China are the 395

best guarantee of the reliability of book, its sales are phenomenal. His this invaluable compendium of infor- first book ran through 180 editions mation regarding Christianity in and his second brought lines of 200 China. Both of these Year Books are people at the book stores. "One million published in China, but orders through souls for Christ in Japan!" is the slo- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW wiII be gan of Kagawa's present campaign, promptly forwarded to the distribut- and it is stirring the country from ing agencies in America. center to circumference. An individ- ualist he may be, adopting methods Lutherisches Missionsjahrbuch, 1930. By that are sometimes approved and some- W. Gerber. H. G. Wallbaum. Leipzig. times disapproved by church and mis- This valuable year book makes its sion leaders. But no one doubts his whole-hearted devotion to Christ and forty-third annual appearance. It is a his zeal for the salvation of his fellow- men. This book begins with a bioworthy successor of the volumes which graphical sketch of 37 pages by Eleanor M. Hinder and Helen F. Tophave previously appeared. It gives a ping, which tells just the things about him that one wishes to know, and then complete picture of Lutheran missions Kagawa himself sets forth in moving terms his central, passionate teaching all over the world, including those in of Love, the Law of Life. As Rufus M. Jones remarks in a Foreword, "The America. Some articles on mission- Spirit of God breaks into our world in unexpected and uncharted ways. ary subjects are added. Those on Is- And now in a great "Japanese city with its slums and its economic problems lam in India and Africa are particular- a new torch blazes out and kindles multitudes of souls with its flame of ly valuable., The former was written by Missionary Gabler of Madras and is so replete with facts and includes such a full bibliography that it is most useful to students of the subject. The articles are followed by a review of world missions and statistics of all Lutheran missions. C. T. B.

Love the Law of Life. By Toyohiko Ka- love." gawa. 813 pp. Winston Co., Philadelphia, Pa. The Story of DavId LIvingstone. By W. P. Livingstone. 161 pp. $1.50. Harp- It is as heartening as it is signifi- er's. New York. 1930.

cant that the most remarkable Chris- Some figures that loom large while tian evangelist in the world today is living, shrink and are forgotten with- an Asiatic. Better evidence could not in a generation. But fifty-seven years be given that Christianity has taken after his death the figure of the great firm rootage in a great nation, to missionary explorer in Africa still which it was brought by missionaries, towers in undiminished proportions.

and that it is now reproducing itself His life and achievements have been not as an alien but as a native faith. described in many books and innumer- The story of Kagawa forms one of the able articles, but the story never grows most stirring chapters in the history old and every additional publication is of religion. As he is only in his forty- eagerly welcomed. The author of this second year and in the full tide of his book has traveled widely in Africa and wonderful career, the chapter is only talked with many old chiefs who knew partially complete, but his achieve- Livingstone. He knows how to write ments thus far mark one who is being effectively, for he is editor-in-chief of used of God in an extraordinary way. the publications of the Presbyterian Never of robust health, with weak and Church in Scotland, and the author of often painful eyes, he lives a life of "Mary Slessor of Calabar," now in its amazing activity as preacher, author, 34th edition. He tells the fascinating social reformer and labor leader. When story of Livingstone's life in so fresh he speaks, the largest halls are and graphic a way that one reads it crowded, and when he publishes a with keen interest and appreciation.

BOOKS WORTH READING

Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas. By Charles F. tribution of the constituent churches Andrews. 382 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. was illustrated by the presence of dele- New York. 1930. gates from 17 different countries. A Interest in Gandhi is now world- book like this is of interest not only to members of the Presbyterian and wi<ie. He has become one of the great figures of this generation. Indeed, it Reformed Churches but to ministers is doubtful whether any other living and laymen of all denominations who man has so large a personal following. desire to keep in touch with what Other men of comparative prominence other communions are thinking and derive a part of their influence from doing. Important actions were taken their official position, as kings or pres- on vital questions of the modern world, idents or cabinet ministers. But this and addresses of eminent men are givman holds no position, has no official en in full, together with an epitome of rank whatever. He is only a private the discussions. individual, living a simple life in a small town in far-off India. And yet Evangelicals at Havana. By Samuel Guy such is the quality of his personality, Inman. 174 pp. 25c. New York. 1929. the dignity of his character, the purity of his motives, the loftiness of his This is a concise and readable acaspirations, and the devotion of his count of the Hispanic American Evanpatriotism that he is the recognized gelical (Protestant) Congress at Haspokesman of three hundred millio.n vana, Cuba, June 20-30, 1929. There adoring people in his own land and 1S were representatives from 15 differregarded with mingled curiosity and ent denominations from the United awe by hundreds of millions more in States, from 13 countries and islands other lands. in the Caribbean region, 3 South American countries, and from Spain. Just what are the ideas of this amaz- The Congress was a convincing index ing man, the principles for which he of the vitality and progress of the stands and with which not only the Protestant Movement in the Caribbean British but other peoples must reckon? and the book is an authentic report The author of this book may be deemed concerning the personnel, actions, and his most authoritative interpreter. He significance of this Latin American has lived with him for many years, is gathering. Everyone who is interone of his most intimate friends, and ested in the development of the Prothas probably entered more deeply than estant Church in the Americas will be any other foreigner into his spirit. interested in this book. He is careful to state Gandhi's teach- ings on personal, religious, social a~d Cruden's Concordance to the Old and New political questions in citations of h1S Testaments. By Alexander Cruden. own writings and addresses. Noone New edition by the Rev. Alfred Jones, who wishes to know more about that M.A. 757 pp. $2. Revell. New York. extraordinary being, and who does not, can afford to miss this interesting book. Cruden's Concordance has been an indispensable help to Bible students AIllance of the Reformed Churches Hold- for over a century and a half. Hun- ing the Presbyterian System. Edited by dreds of thousands of ministers and W. H. Hamilton. 8 vo. 424 pp. Pub- other Christian workers have kept it lished by The Alliance, Edinburgh. on their desks. Other concordances The numerous churches of the Re- have been published, but none have formed and Presbyterian faith and superseded this classic work. The old order throughout the world long ago unabridged edition however was too formed a General Council which holds bulky for convenient use, and the nu- quadrennial meetings. This. volume merous abridged editions were too in- gives the proceedings of the th1rteenth complete to be satisfactory. Moreover, quadrennial meeting, which was held later study and translations of the Bi- in Boston last June. The wide dis- ble have showed the necessity of some

revision of the concordances that were ment of the Anglo-Catholic party in in use a generation ago. the Protestant Episcopal Church. It The result now appears in this hand- is common knowledge, however, that some volume. Mr. Jones has done an large numbers of Anglicans, both in enormous amount of work in the prep- America and other lands, object to the aration of it, examining every word Anglo-Catholic positions as decidedly of the Scriptures, verifying all ref- as other Protestants do. We may wise- erences, and giving a corrected list of ly leave them to deal with Dr. Hall's proper names in the Old and New Tes- book.

taments together with the significance of the words in their original lan- The Christian Content of the Bible. By guages. Although the volume is an George Holley Gilbert. 207 pp. $2. octavo of 757 pages and the type is Macmillan. New York.

rather small, the paper is of such qual- This is an interesting book from the ity that we now have a complete con- viewpoint of a thorough-going "liber- cordance of the whole Scriptures, a!." He exalts Jesus, but everything in revised and brought down to date, in the New Testament that ascribes a su- a volume of convenient size and mod- pernatural character to His birth, acts erate cost. Every Bible student should and redemptive purpose, is eliminated have this new edition. as well meant but unauthorized efforts of His disciples. His thesis is that the Christian Reunion in Ecumenical Light. time has come to "Christianize the By Francis J. Hall, D.D. 150 pp. Bible" by "reducing it to the standard $1.40. Macmillan. New York. of Jesus." To this end he assembles To the many voices that are discuss- the undisputed sayings of Jesus in the ing church union is now added the first three Gospels, and those portions voice of this distinguished clergyman of other books in the Old and New of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Testaments which he regards as in He declares that he is in full sympathy harmony with the spirit of Jesus, all "with the steps being taken to unite of which he says can be placed on certain denominational churches be- "some 74 pages," or "approximately tween which no divergences of faith one sixteenth of the traditional Bible."

and order exist that are inconsistent The reader is impressed by the sin- with their union," and that he has cerity of the author, who was formerly "come increasingly to realize how a beloved professor of New Testament grave were the provocations which Literature in Chicago Theological caused the Protestant revolt of the Seminary, and who has passed away sixteenth century, how much sincere at the age of 76 since his book was serving of Christ prevails among Prot- published. But the reader is puzzled estants, and how necessary it is to do by the naivete with which he dis- justice to certain principles empha- misses some important evangelical sized by them." But he argues "that ideas about Christ and the Bible and those minor unions should not become rearranges the Scriptures in accord- reasons for evading the larger prob- ance with his own ideas of what Christ lems," and that "whatever may be really said and what parts of the rest possible as between Protestant of the Bible are in harmony with His churches, the only means by which re- words and character. The book will union between Protestant and Angli- interest the well-informed student who can churches can be had, without is able to see the assumption on which causing schism among Anglicans, is a its superstructure is based and the return of Protestants 'to the principles author's misconception of what "the of unity exemplified by the undivided Bible in its entirety" teaches. Ill-in- Catholic Church during the first ages formed minds may be misled by the of its existence.' " assurance with which he states his It is well to have this clear state- radical opinions as settled facts.

The Gospel Among the Red Men. By Rob- slave girls. She describes those trous- ert Hamilton. 239 pp. S. S. Board of ered, cloistered women as she and her the Southern Baptist Convention. medical associate personally witnessed Nashville. 1930. them and ministered to them. The book abounds in tragedy and pathos, This is a history of Baptist mis- with occasional flashes of humor. Alsions to the Indians in the South. though the narritive is cast in the Much of the material is based upon form of a story, it gives a true account the author's experience as a mission- of the actual position and experiences ary among the tribes of the West. of the women of India. It is a real Against the dark background of pa- contribution to the literature of Indian gan rituals and beliefs he presents the life and its social and religious cusliving facts of redemption through a toms. knowledge of Christ. The dealings of the white man with the Indians from the days when the former landed Dan Crawford, Missionary and :Pioneer in on the shores of what is now Virginia Central Africa. By Dr. G. L. Tilsley, until recent times are traced with no F. R. G. S. C8vo. 598 pp. $6.50. disavowal of the mistakes of the white Revell. New York. 1929.

man or of the native virtues of the Dan Crawford was one of the unique red man, which under Christian in- missionary figures of modern times. fluences may contribute, and have con- Few other missionaries had such a tributed, to our national life. hearing before the home churches or COE HAYNE. were listened to with such rapt atten- tion. His evangelistic spirit was a The Long Crooked Rhrer. By Albert flaming fire. He was an indefatigable Boardman Kerr. 235 pp. $2. Knick- itinerator, travelling with the tidings erbocker Press. New York. of the Gospel in the vast African This is a historical novel, the kind jungles and with scant regard to the that is not only interesting while it is season or his own health. Better to being read but that is worthy of pres- burn out for Christ, he thought, than ervation. Much popular fiction adds to spare himself. Dr. Robert Laws of nothing to one's information but sim- Livingstonia, in a Foreword, says: ply entertains for the moment. But "Loving and respecting him as I did, a novel like this throws light upon an I must condemn his want of prudence important historical era and makes and even recklessness with regard to vivid the manners and customs, strug- his own life and health. One cannot gles and problems, loves and tragedies help feeling that thinking ahead, with of pioneer life in Pennsylvania. The regard to work and conditions con- author has based his scenes and char- nected with it, would have saved his acters upon the results of a diligent being brought again and again 'to search through a large number of his- death's door and might have saved the torical documents, and although he lives of some of his companions." But warns the reader that his story is not Dr. Laws rightly adds that Crawford history, it is none the less historical "had a God-given message to proclaim, in its general picture. and with all his heart he did it. Sin was to him a terrible reality. With Trousers of Taffeta. By Margaret Wilson. the incisive and relentless diagnosis 256 pp. $2. Harpers. New York. of the disease came his application of This is the intriguing title of a nov- the remedy-Jesus Christ as the only el of the child mothers of India by the Saviour." But while he was a great Pulitzer prize novelist of 1923. She evangelist, he was also a translator spent seventeen years as a missionary and an educator. "The greatest lin- in India, and she therefore had ample guist we have anywhere in Central opportunity to know the lives of child Africa," once said Dr. Donald Fraser.

wives, matriarchs, concubines ,and He made a well nigh perfect transla-

tion of the New Testament into the of carefully sifted historical evidence language of the natives. Then, finding on the origin of the Christian movethat they did not know how to read, ment. The immense resources of he established several schools and was knowledge and the great literary abilplanning for ten more when death ity of this distinguished scholar are overtook him. centered on the early evidences-He- brew, Greek, Latin and Christian-in The soundness in some of his mis- an effort to determine what of this sionary methods has sometimes been material will stand the test of modern questioned. He was an individualist, historical criticism. Though showing a man of splendid qualities, but with no sympathy with the Christian cause, "the defects of his qualities." But it and, as would be expected, rejecting is hard to apply ordinary rules to such the supernatural elements, the invesa man. Whatever the differences of tigation is approached in a spirit of opinion as to the best ways of support- judicial fairness which commands reing and conducting missionary work, spect. There is no hesitation in reno one who knew him could fail to be jecting the fanciful stories in the impressed by the nobility of his char- Talmud and other early Hebrew litacter, his utter unselfishness, and his erature, much of which is classed as wholehearted consecration to the serv- folklore. While strict literary canons ice of Christ. He was a veritable cause him to exclude a few sentences apostle to .Africa, and when he died, from the brief record of Josephus, the June 3, 1926, at the age of only ftfty- chief historical facts related by this six, multitudes in Africa, America and authority are allowed to stand as se- Great Britain mourned. curely established. The Apostle Paul is accepted as a witness on certain The author of this biography, as a vital points, and in complete disregard nephew and associate, had exceptional of traditional Jewish belief and the opportunities for gathering his ma- standpoint of Jewish historians, the terial. He wrote at the request of Mr. essential facts of the life and death of Crawford himself, who had been urged Jesus, as recorded in the Gospels, are to write an autobiography but felt accepted as true. To quote a single that he had not the time for it and that striking sentence: "It is quite impos- sible for a purely fabricated presentahis life ought to be written by some- tion of the figure of Jesus so firmly to have gripped people's imagination one else. Dr. Tilsley has done his work that historians like Josephus and Taci- tus should believe in his existence." with rare skill and has made a volume which will take its place among the HUGH R. MONRO.

great missionary biographies. We fear that the price is rather high for many who would be glad to buy it.

But it is a large book, beautifully il- lustrated, and the material in these The Church at Work. By Clarence H. 600 pages is worth a dozen ordinary Benson. 155 pp. $1.25. Biola Book books. Room. Los Angeles.

Jesus of Nazareth. By Joseph Klausner. This is an excellent guide for or- Translated from the Hebrew by Her- ganizing and administering the work bert Danby, D.D. 434 pp. $2.50. Mac- of a church so as to make it a more efficient agency for the promotion of millan. New York. the cause of Christ. The author, who is instructor of Church Supervision at This remarkable book, by a leading the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, Zionist and foremost Hebrew scholar lucidly discusses many practical quesand historian, has already exercised a tions. While primarily prepared as a profound influence upon Jewish thought. It is a work of great im- textbook for students, it also suggests portance, also, to the Christian stu- to pastors a helpful program of activident, forming as it does a compendium ties. .

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1928

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t~ !–l MISSIONARIES {) ~ A Gift that 1 I Pays an Income Read This, and Save Money I 3 3 3 Are you interested in missions? OUR Missionary Bureau has been 3 supplying Food, Clothing, House- 3 Are you able to give as much as hold Articles and Missipn Equipment 3 you would like? to Missionaries for more than half a 3 century.

3 Why not consider a gift from your capital New Missionaries may equip with 3 our guaranteed merchandise at sub- 3 that will pay you an income possibly stantial savings. All personal effects 3 larger than you now have? forwarded in one shipment. 3 3 No investment can be found which is 3 Special Discounts to Foreign Mission . 3 more secure than an Annuity Agree- Stations, Schools and Hospitals. Field 3 ment"of one of the Mission Boards of Secretaries, Purchasing Agents and Mission Boards are invited to request 3 the Methodist Episcopal Church. our lowest wholesale prices. Safe de- 3 livery of every order guaranteed. If you haven't a catalogue write today ~3 For further information write: for a FREE copy. Morri. W. Ehneo, Treasurer, Board of Foreign ~ Mi·sions of the Methodi,t Episcopal Church, 150 MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. ~ FIlth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or ~ W. J. Elliott. Treasurer, Board of Home Millions Missionary Bureau Chicago, I1linoit 3 and Church Extension of the Method;'t Epilcopal J Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

S ~~~~ Please menUou TlDI MISSIONARY REVIEW 01' THm WOIUd> In writing to advertlserL THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD HARTFORD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor MAY TABLE OF CONTENTS SEMiNARY FOUNDATION • PaDe Theological Seminary School of Religious Education COVER ……………………….. . Kennedy School of Missions DEDICATION OF A CHURCH IN PAPUA FRONTISPIECE …….•……••……

B.PTISMAL SIlRVICE IN NEW GUINIlA NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST w. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President • •..••.•••.••••• W. F. KRAUSHAAR 341 A UNIV&RSI'l'Y of religion. Three schoo1s of MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAK- Christian training on one campus, The Theologi· ING ..••. MAy-JUNE REVIEW. 1878 345 cal Seminary trains for the ministry: the School of Missions for the foreign field: the School of THE "ONE SHEEP" ASSOCIATION IN Religious Education for the lay worker and teacher JAPAN •. THE OMI MUSTARD SEED 346 and for SOCial service. Courses in any of the three schools are open to all students. Thus opportunity WHAT IS THE MESSAGE OF THE is offered for a futI rounded professional training CHURCH? •.••. RORERT H. GLOVER 347 for religious leadership.

CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE Hartford Seminary Foundation is located in the STOOD .. QUOTATIONS FROM LETTERS 351 center of the intellectual and cultural life of New England. half way between Boston and New York. INDIA. THE RUDDER OF ASIA ••••••• 356 A series of handsome and well-appointed build- PANDITA RAlIIABAI'S MUKTI MIS- ings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in SION ..•••..••.••••• WM. MOYSER 357 its section of the country. The Case Memorial Li· brary containing 200,000 volumes and pamphlets INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE is fOT the use of the three schools. This is one of· Y. M. C. A. . ….. ·FRED H. RINDGE 361 the richest theological libraries in the country. The faculty is composed of thirty scholarly men and KNOWING GOD AND KNOWING SELF women who have attained distinction in their reo · ……….. SAD!"U SUNDAR SINGH 367 spective fields.

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO … Year Book and further information sent on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. W. TAYLOR 870 application to the DeanB, A SUCCESSFUL JAPANESE CHURCH …………… STEPHEN J. COREY 875 55 Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Conn• HOW WE TRAINED 30.000 CONVERTS …………… . M. A. LIVERMORE 877 FACTS FOR FUEL ……………….. 379 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••..••.•..•••. 381 OBITUARY AWAKENING IN KOBEA. MRS. WILLIAM W. SCUDDER who, with her late husband, was a member of the NEW POLICIES IN JAPAN. Arcot Mission (South India) of the THE NANKING AGREEMBNT. Reformed Church in America from 1858 THE CASE OF MARSHALL FENG. until 1894, died at Glastonbury, Ct., February 6th, at the age of ninety-seven. OPPOSITION IN DAMASCUS. REV. ROBERT C*ASE* BE*EBE, M.D., medi- BEST MISSIONARY METHODS FOR cal missionary in China of the Methodist CHILDREN ………………. . • •••••••• lIARGARET T. ApPLIlGARTH 385 Episcopal Church for thirty-nine years until his retirement in 1923, died in WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN Clifton Springs, N. Y., on March 13th, • • EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 392 three days before his seventy-third birth- WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLE· TIN. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 395 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK .. , ••••••• , •• 398 BOOKS WORTH READING •• , ••••••••• 413 day. ••• TERMS,-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of MRS. RICHARD HURST (Florence Scott five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted. Hurst) passed away on Tuesday, March 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- 6, 1928, after a brief illness. She is sur- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. vived by a husband and daughter. She brought to the foreign missionary enter- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING prise the combined advantage of rich COMPANY, INC. spiritual background, extensive knowl- ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident edge and deep personal interest. She Wn. LIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President was a regular contributor to the Junior Missionary Friend (a publication of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretcwy WALTER MCDOUGAIJL, Treasurer Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of Publication Office, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, the Methodist Episcopal Church) and, as Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. noted in a recent issue of the REVIEW, Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fifth Avenue had recently succeeded Mrs. E. C. Cronk New York City. ' as Chairman of the Department of Chil- Entered as second-class matter at the Post dren's Wo'l'k of the Federation of Wom- ~.mi~79:rarri.bUrg, Pa" under Act of March an's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'l'~E WORLD in wr1tlng to advertisers. COMING EVENTS 1 Kerrville, Texas-Aug. 2-9. Mrs. H. W. Hamilton, Cotulla, Texas. National Conference of Social Work, the Municipal Auditorium, Memphis, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 25-July Tenn., May 2d t~ 9t~ i~clusive. 2.

·Interdenominational Bible Conference, Mrs. Henry HarmeIing, 24 East 107th St., Chicago, Ill. New York City, May 13th to 18th. St. Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 So. Elm- Nicholas Collegiate Church, under the wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. auspices of the Moody Bible Institute, Mil18 College, Oakland, California- of Chicago. No School of Missions in 1928. Mrs. Paul Raymond, 90 Santa Monica International M'" is's"ion*ary Union, Clif- Way, San Francisco, Calif. ton Springs, New York, May 30th to Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul)- June 3d. *•* June 18-22. Mrs. A. W. Goldsmith, 944 Ashland General Assembly of the Church of the Ave., St. Paul, Minn. . Nazarene will meet in Columbus, Ohio, Mrs. F. F. Lindsay, 25 Seymour Ave., June 13th to 26th. '" S. E., Minneapolis. Mt. Hermon, California–July 21-28. '" Mrs. C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln World's Sunday-School Convention, at Way, San Francisco, Calif. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–July Los Angeles, California, July 11 to 18, 27-August 2. 1928. Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ConferenceB and SchoolB of Missions New Orleans, Louisiana–Nov. 5-9. Mrs. John S. Kendall, 1224 Octavia Affiliated with F.ederation of Woman's Boards St., New Orleans, La. of Foreign Missions and Council of Women S N';rthjield, Massachusetts (East North- for Home Missions. Dates and Chairmen. field)–July 5-13. I Baltimore, Maryland-Oct. 31-Nov. 1. Mrs. Charles E. Blake, 7 Angell Mrs. Peter Ainslie, 10 Hills, Balti- Court, Providence, R. I. more, Md. 2 Northjield, Massachu8etts–July 13-21. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, I Beaumont, Texas–Jan. 11-14. Mass. Mrs. J. D. Campbell, 390 Emile St., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-In Septem- Beaumont, Texas. ber. Bethesda, Ohio–July 16-20. Mrs. Albertis Montgomery, 114 West Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson 22d St., Oklahoma City, Okla. Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. Mrs. Joseph Dupree, 1609 W. 19th Mrs. Love Sheets, 5th and Jefferson, St., Oklahoma City. Moundsville, W. Va. St. Petersburg, Floridar-In January, Boulder, Colorado–In June. 1929. Mrs. Henry F. Hoffman, 1318 E. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 10th Dakota St., Denver, Colo. Ave., N., St. Petersburg, Fla. Mrs. Frank I. Smith, 515 E. 11th Southern California (Los Angeles)- Ave., Denver. May 21-23. 3 Chautauqua, New York-August 12-17. Mrs. F. M. Buley, 800 Rome St., Los Mrs. John Ferguson, )05 East 22d Angeles, Calif. St., New York, N. Y. Mrs. Charles D. Hill, 1488 West 27th St., Los Angeles. 2 Chautauqua, New York-Aug. 19-24. 1 Warren, Ohio-Nov. 7-9. Mrs. Wm. A. Montgomery, 144 Dart- Mrs. George Konold, 227 Scott St., mouth St., Rochester, New York. Warren, Ohio.

4 Dallas, Texas (Negro)-October 1-5. Wi180n College, Chambersburg,. Pa.- Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., June 27-July 4. Dallas, Texas. Miss Mary C. Peacock, Torresdale, Dallas, Texas-October 1-5. Pa. Mrs. Merwin A. Stone, 4807 Swiss Ave., Dallas, Texas. Winona Lake–June 21-28. Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- De Land, Florida–Jan. 30-Feb. 5, 1929. wood Ave., Oak Park, 111. Mrs. Dora Smith, 135 East New York Ave., De Land, Fla. 1 Atliliated with the Federation. 2 Foreign only. A1Iiliated with the Federa- Houston, Texas-Oct. 8-12. tion. Mrs. M. G. Stell, 1525 Michigan Ave., Houston, Texas. S Home only. Conducted by the Councll. Mrs. Chas. Fred Jewett, 406 SuI Rosa • Affiliated with the CouncIL Avenue, Houston, Texas.

Illinois – Missouri (Greenville, III.)- June 18-22.

Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster Groves, Mo.

SERVICE IN THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN MISSION IN NORTHEASTERN NEW

LI, No.5 May

NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST • BY REV. WM. KRAUSHAAR, Aberdeen, South Dakota Seuretary of the BOMa of Foreign Mi ••ion., EVGngelfoa! Latll.,"an Byrow 01 loon M OST Americans associate the and a love that counted even death name of New Guinea with headhunting and cannibal- for naught in the passion which ism. In the history of mISSIons, however, this island of the South finds expression in the motto : Seas is associated with the gripping drama depicting the transfor- New Guinea for Christ! Never a mation of the bloodthirsty cannibal into a bearer of the gospel mes- thought of recalling the missionsage. It furnishes an added proof of the power of God's Word to aries and giving up the field. But transform the Papuan as well as the European or American. intercessory prayer rose daily to The period from 1886 to the the Mercy Seat and the workers at dawn of the new century was seedplanting time in New Guinea. It home and abroad vied with each was a time of heroic self-sacrifice and devotion on the part of the other in self-effacing sacrifice and pioneers on the field as well as on the part of the sending churches at devotion. At last the floodgates home. For more than ten years not one soul was won, and the work were opened and the parched souls seemed to be labor lost. Twentyfive graves dating from this decade of the lost sons and daughters of tell us the story of a faith, a hope, pagan New Guinea began to drink of the Water of Life. .

Since then the history of the Lutheran New Guinea Mission has been a record of victory. The hard- ships and losses of the beginning proved to be a Pentecost, and mourning has given way to rejoic- ing. It is now harvest time out there. During the war when the young Papuan church was thrown wholly upon the help from above, the Papuan Christians wrestled • A tine paper read at the Free General with God as did Jacob, and the Lord answered their prayer by inrsri:,e1~nFtr!~I~~~O~t~;~n 8gri~~~~ni~ganJ~~~:~~: ~:~~t~O't~~" vl~ro".f°rorK~~~B::t:::-bl:h:OB~~~ilM: creasing their own capacity for work, and by sending new friends tor the mission tleld which the Evangelleai from America and Australia who were to step into the breach and ~~~~'i:"e~::,~n':,~~!r~~w~h".:'r~~si:ii~'::~r~ga~lt:.,~ preserve the great work which ~~~~l!i ':ro'i::~ti~~nFre~~erth~a~e,:f G~I.!e,,:reo':,~ f:.:'l:'JI~¥. t~~ ~~c;:ta~n~"~E:.orelgn Mission 341

SOME P APUANS IN FULL DRESS their German brethren across the native hospital. The number of waters had begun. patients treated annually on the field is over 50,000. Today the Mission is in touch with about 150,000 natives. The One of the outstanding features native church numbers 20,000 of this mission is the growing Christians. Seven thousand ap- number of native evangelists and plicants for baptism are receiving teachers supported entirely by the their preparatory instruction. native church. Over 600 trained About 6,000 pupils are enrolled in and untrained helpers are thus bethe 200 village schools. The whole ing maintained either in the home work is directed from nineteen parish or out in new fields. Mismain stations which are manned sionary work that relies solely upon by over 100 adult workers. Each the white staff for the development station is surrounded by a group of the field will sooner or later come of substations at which native to a standstill. One of the first evangelists and teachers endeavor duties impressed upon the Papuan to be living epistles of the grace of Christians was that the love of God. Besides these nineteen sta- Christ must constrain them to betions, at which the evangelistic come messengers of the Gospel work is being carried on, there are which had liberated them from the a number of subsidiary stations bonds of sin. The congregations made necessary because of the were taught right from the beginprimitive condition of the island. ning that they must maintain these There are a printery and bindery, messengers and supervise their a saw-mill, two large stores, four work. Thus the churches of these plantations, two schooners, and young men are responsible for several health stations in the moun- them, select them, consecrate them, tains. Every station has a small install them in their fields, salary

NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST

them and recall them. In order to number of tribes and clans have supply the increasing demand for thus far accepted this change, and trained teachers and preachers, have adopted the new language as these congregations support four the Gospel language. Large parts seminaries, one for each of the four language groups. These higher of the Bible have been translated schools are attended by almost 300 into these four languages, and the young men, the very cream of in- necessary textbooks for the schools telligence and devotion of Papuan have been printed. Each of these manhood. Our hopes for the evan- groups also publishes a monthly gelization of New Guinea rest, next church paper read by practically to God, upon the consecration of every Christian family. The arthis staff of native workers led by their teachers. ticles are furnished by native elders, teachers, and evangelists. One of the greatest handicaps to work in the South Sea Islands is The strongest material evidence the Babel of languages. Villages only five miles apart can hardly of the power of the Gospel in New understand one another. The Bible Guinea is the marked improvement and other necessary books cannot be translated into all of these in the standard of living. Sanitacountless dialects. Therefore the tion and hygiene have lowered the Mission has found it expedient to death-rate, especially infant morventure upon the introduction of tality. Formerly there had been no four community languages. A large communication between the vari~ ous clans and tribes. No roads were built to facilitate travel. On the contrary, the inherent fear with which the animistic religion MISSIONARY ZAHN PREACHING CHRIST TO THE PEOPI..E OF NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA

filled the hearts of the Papuans "Miti" (Gospel). In and around prompted them to hide their vil- Amele, thousands have petitioned lages in the densest jungle. The for teachers. In the Cromwell, as Gospel brought peace and the feel- well as in the Rawlinson Moun- tains, hundreds of tribes are urg- ing the missionaries to come over and help them. In the land of the Rube, there is a waiting list of 7,000. Among the Azera, 15,000 are welcoming the bearers of glad tidings. Five thousand of these at- tended the first baptism there in the year 1925. There are 15,000 natives at Malalo, and a like num- ber in the Waria Valley, waiting for the coming of the Gospel with hearts thirsting for the living God. Truly, "the harvest is plenteous,"

Senior Missionary of the Lutheran Mission A HEA'rHEN PAPUAN CHIEF in New Gnlnea. Went to the field in 1886; still the active leader of the and the cry is heard: "Send more Evangelical Lutheran Mission laborers into the vineyard!"

ing of security. Clans have moved The Lutherall Missloll In New Guinea Is lotogether and established large vil- cated at Huon Gulf on the NortheafJtern Coast lages with churches and schools. of 'British New Guinea. In 1925 the staff' COD- Since they desired to send their slsted of 120 missiona ries In twenty stations messengers of peace into the and 116 branch stations. Native helpers Dum· hinterland, they began to build bered 635, pupils 5,709. and Papuan Commuroads and bridges, at the same time nicants Of715. improving their homes and fields. In every relation of life they have tried to correlate their actions to the principles taught in the Word of God.

This marvelous change is affecting not only small groups but the entire population living along the coast and in the immediate hinterland to a depth of about fifty to seventy-five miles of northern New Guinea. On the large island of Dampier, 9,000 souls are desirous of hearing and embracing the

HISTORY IN THE

As RECORDED IN THE REVIEW FOR MAy-JUNE, 1878 An offer from Robert Arthington of Leeds, England, of $5,000 to the English Baptist Missionary Society to open a mission on the River Congo. (Now 9,230 communicants and 24,000 Christian … * … community.) The Established Church of Scotland selects a site at Blantyre, in Central Africa, for a mission station in honor of David Livingstone. (Now 8,400 communicants and 16,941 Christian community.) … … …

Dr. J. J. Scott, Methodist missionary of Bareilly, India, protests against the proposal t…o dimi n i sh…m i s si o n ar y forces in India.

…

Severe famine reported in China, in Shansi, a province as large as England; an appeal for funds comes from Protestant missionaries to help between three and four million sufferers.

.. * …

A General Conference on Foreign Mission called to meet in Mildmay Park, London, England, October 21 to 26, 1878.

… … …

A telegraph line proposed from Khartum to South Africa. A line already in operation from Alexandria to Khartum and from Capetown to Delagoa Bay. The gap to be connected said to be only 2,600 miles. ………

A conflict with natives in East Africa causes Italian exploring expedition to abandon the .a.. ttemp… t. …

The Church Missionary Society reports large success in its new Uganda Mission on Lake Victoria. (Now 36,909 communi- cants.) … _ … • Slavery in Egypt is reported-three boats laden with slaves, tied together, pass down the Nile between Assiut and Cairo.

… … …

The cost of war computed for twenty-five years (1853 to 1877), involving 1,950,000 lives lost, $12,065,000,000 in money expended. America's bill in the recent World War to date is $48,000,000,000. ………

Rev. Otis Cary, of the American Board, sails to take up work in Japan. … … …

Dr. Alexander Duff, veteran pioneer to India of the Presbyterian Free Church of Scotland, died at Sidmouth, England, February 12th, at the age of seventy-two. He was the first missionary of his church to India, saili..n. g in…Octob…er, 1829.

The American Baptist Missionary Union reports 138 missionaries (today the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society reports 794); 63,445 native communicants (today 269,161); baptized during the year 5,604; total receipts during the year $238,- 771 (last year $1,581,665); and debt $47,361-promptly extinguished at the Annual Meeting. (Deficit last year, $278,100.) 345

"ONE-SHEEP ASSOCIATION" IN JAPAN·

T HE self-limited field of the Not only have evangelistic meet- Omi Mission is the small ings been held and the cause of province of Omi-Iying iso- temperance set forward, but also, lated by a girdle of mountains in for the first time in the memory the center of the Japanese Empire, of those engaged in the undertak- and never honored until very ing, the term "Christian" has recent years by a resident mission- achieved a new and honored con- ary, because it is a rural district. notation among the best non- About two years ago a Japanese Christian people 6f the commu- lawyer, who was recuperating his nity.

health in Kyushu, the most popu- Among their activities for tem- lar Spa of Japan, while searching perance is the effort to have only in a book store for something to "dry" chauffeurs employed on pub- read, came upon a book by Mr. E. lic conveyances. One of the results V. Yoshida, of the Omi Mission, of a recent visit from members of describing the beginnings and the the Omi Mission was the extension principles of the Mission. Al- of this endeavor by the placing of though not himself a Christian, he notices on the cars of the leading had Christian acquaintances and sight-seeing bus line reading: knew something about the Faith; "Safety First-Only Temperance but he had no practical and vital Drivers." As even the most hope- understanding of it. The challenge lessly sake-soaked sot alive will of the principles of this Mission feel more secure behind a sober won him almost on the spot. He chauffeur, the constant beholding saw a vision of attempting a simi- of that legend is bound to do more lar demonstration of Christianity to promote temperance than much in the place where he was. He in- public oratory. It is not incon- terested every Christian of any de- ceivable that the people may yet nomination he could find in the conclude that it would be safer also idea of an interdenominational, or- to have sober heads at the helm of ganized effort. The result is the State!

"One-Sheep Association" of Beppu. A railway station master near The name is taken from the par- Beppu lost his life in trying to able of the "Lost Sheep." The save the life of a drunken pas- members are prominent men and senger. This One-Sheep Associa- women from the several small tion presented the station with a churches of the city and a few silver vase-in memory of the sympathetic outsiders. The object brave martyr, to be kept on the is to promote fellowship among be- desk where he used to sit and al- lievers, to benefit by addresses of ways kept supplied with wild prominent visitors, and to push flowers from the fields near by-on various types of practical Chris- which is recorded the fact that the tian activity for the good of the sacrifice was caused by another's community. drunkenness. Thus a perpetual temperance lesson is put before ·From the Om; Xu.tard·Seed, Haehlman, the public.

lapan.

346

IS THE MISSION OF THE CHURCH?

BY REV. ROBERT H. GLOVER, M.D., F.R.G.S., Germantown, Pa. AS8istant Home Director for North A.merica 0/ the Chi11a Inland Mt.ss10n W HAT impression concerning mitted to be a most important ob- the chief aim and objective jective. of the Christian Church Or it may be claimed that the would an intelligent but unin- aim includes serving the commu- formed non-Christian visitor gath- nity of which the church is a part, er from the regular services and by uplifting its morals, purifying the normal round of activities of its social life, elevating its busi- any of the typical Protestant ness principles and polities. There churches in America? can be no question as to the duty Or what would the pastors or of the church to exert strong in- leading members of many of these fluence upon the right side of every churches describe as the real aim moral, social and industrial issue.

and objective of the Church? From And yet, when due recognition fairly wide observation, it would has been given to each of these seem that many pastors and their factors – personal evangelism, churches have not given this mat- Christian culture and community ter much serious thought. Many service-it still remains that even church meetings, organizations all three of these together do not and activities have no very clear fulfill or exhaust the true New Tes- or definite controlling objective. tament aim and mission of such a How, then, can the success of church. They are all good but they any church be determined? Is it do not go far enough.

by the number of members on the Any church which is in actuality roll? Or by the attendance upon what it is in name-a Christian the services? Or by the financial church-is in the very nature of receipts? Or by the variety of the case committed to Christ to activities? Good as these things bear its full share in the task of may be, no one of them, nor yet the carrying out His great plan and sum of all of them, can be regarded purpose in the world. The local as a safe criterion of success. For church as a constituent part of the this can be measured only by the Church universal must have an achievement of an aim, the accom- identity of aim with it. The true plishment of a purpose. mission of any local church can What then is the legitimate and be discovered only by discovering worthy aim or purpose of a local the God-ordained mission of the Christian church? It may be entire Christian Church.

stated, that the aim is to bring The book of the Acts gives us men to Christ. No one will deny the inspired record of the found- that this is a true and vital func- ing of the Christian Church by her tion of every Christian church. risen Lord, and of the beginnings Or the aim may be said to in- of b.er Hfe and ministry under the clude the building up of the mem- leadership of the Holy Spirit.

bers in Christian faith and The first chapter gives account experience. This likewise is ad- of the contacts and conferences of 347 Christ with the apostles during enjoined by Him upon the Church? that memorable forty-day period Can any thoughtful Christian fail between His resurrection and His to see that the one thing which was ascension. This was His last op- filling the heart and engaging the portunity to instruct and prepare thought of our Lord during His them for the human leadership of last days, and even His latest mothe Church which He had founded. ments, upon earth was the giving Surely, at such a time, He would of the Gospel to the whole world? emphasize the things most central Can we escape the most obvious and vital to the new institution conclusion that Christ founded the which was to bear His name and Christian Church· upon the Great to represent Him on earth. He Commission as its charter, and that spoke to them "of the things per- just as every human institution taining to the Kingdom of God." must abide strictly by the terms of its charter or forfeit its right His One Theme any longer to exist, so the Church When we look to see the particu- of Christ only so long as she conlar things of which He spoke we sistently observes the terms of her find that one thing alone is men- divine charter by being diligently tioned. This one thing is recorded engaged in her appointed task of not merely once but actually five carrying the Gospel to all the different times, namely, here in world can rightly be called by Acts and in each of the four Gos- Christ's name, or claim the prompels as well. And this one thing ise of His continued presence and is the Great Missionary Commis- power, upon which her very life sion. In Matthew it runs: "Go ye and work depend? …… and teach all nations." In Mark: "Go ye into all the world, Christ's promise "Lo, I am with and preach the gospel to every you always" follows and grows dicreature." In Luke: "That repent- rectly out of His command, "Go ance and remission of sins should ye, therefore, and teach all nabe preached among all nations." tions." Similarly, His promised In John: "As My Father hath sent gift of the Holy Spirit's power me, even so send I you." In the (Acts 1: 8) is associated distinctfirst of the Acts, Christ brushes ly with the task enjoined of being aside the apostles' irrelevant discussion of certain "times and sea- His witnesses unto the very ends sons," and presses upon their of the earth. attention the all-engrossing task which faces them of being His wit- It is clear that the missionary nesses "both in Jerusalem, and in enterprise, is no side issue, no secall Judea, and in Samaria, and un- ondary affair, not merely one of to the uttermost part of the earth." a number of equally important, or unimportant, things; it is the pri- Could anything be more signifi- mary thing, the main drive. cant than the fact of this inspired fivefold record of the Great Com- The early Church "continued mission given by the risen Christ steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine to His followers, coupled as it is and fellowship, and in breaking of with the silence of Scripture as to any other task or responsibility bread, and in prayers." (Acts 2: 42.) That is to say, the Church had her gatherings for worship and fellowship, had her doctrinal preaching and teaching for tiui instruction and edification of her ure up to that part in the enter- members, had her sacred ordi- prise which they ought to assume.

nances of baptism and the Lord's A multitude of our home Supper, and all the so-called churches need to see their relation "means of grace." But these were to world evangelization in an en- not meant to be regarded as the tirely new light. They need to see Church's mission. They were not that their assignment of responsi- in themselves an end, but only so bility as units in the combined many means toward an end. The Christian forces is properly repre- Church was not designed to be a sented not by tiny detached blocks reservoir, ever receiving and re- of territory in certain. favored taining for itself God's spiritual towns or rural districts here in blessings, but a conduit conveying America, but rather by narrow them on and out to others every- swaths girdling the entire globe.

where. Her true mission was, and Each local church is to share the must ever continue to be, the same life, the aim, the mission of the as her Lord's-to seek and save entire Church, and to project itself the lost, wherever these are to be in some vital manner into the found. . whole world.

If Christians are really the light A striking illustration of this of the world, they are not simply unity of aim and effort, as between enjoying that light, snugly shut up the whole and its constituent parts, within the comfortable lighthouse is afforded by such a commercial of the Church; they are to be flash- concern as the Standard Oil Com- ing out that light far and wide, pany, whose field of operation ex- that mariners in peril upon a sea tends, like that of the Church, may see it and be guided to safety. literally the world around. The The Church an Army writer has met this company's de- pots and agents in the far interior Is the Church actually a Chris- of a number of distant mission tian army? Then its chief func- fields. But wherever they are met, tion is not merely to maintain drill, whether in North America or in target practice and dress parade the remotest corner of the globe, within the barracks. It is a spir- it is at once apparent that their itual army of conquest, engaged aim, their object is one-they exist in an offensive warfare on a world strictly to sell oil. That is the su- scale, pressing the claims of Christ preme end in view with the central and assisting Him in achieving His organization in America, in keep- glorious purpose for the whole hu- ing with its charter, therefore that man race. also is consistently the end in view How can this truth be brought with every station, big or little, home to the local church of today, near or far, the world over.

with conviction to the conscience A missionary writing from Manand inspiration to the heart? churia tells of seeing displayed by While some local churches have a Standard Oil depot away up there caught the world vision and are the ambitious slogan: "Get The cooperating nobly in the mission- Light to Every Dark Corner of ary enterprise, such churches are the World," Is there not in this a sadly small minority. The large a rebuke and challenge to the majority have not begun to meas- churches of Christ? The fact confronts us that throughout Asia and the heart and will of God's people Africa are found multitudes of being fully enlisted.

towns and villages lighted with the The key to the missionary prob- kerosene oil of the West, but with- lem lies peculiarly with the home out the light of the saving Gospel pastors, who hold the God-given of Christ. office of leadership for the instruc- Merely deploring the fact will tion, inspiration and guidance of serve no useful end. The impor- the people of God in their life and tant thing is to locate the difficulty service. Christians as a rule do with a view to its correction. not go beyond their leaders, in While there may be other factors knowledge, in zeal or in consecra- which contribute to the failure of tion. The pastor holds a position the Church to have carried out of sacred privilege and solemn re- more expeditiously and thorough- sponsibility. More than any other, ly her missionary obligation, yet he can influence missionary re- it is our conviction that the prime cruiting, giving and praying. But cause is to be traced to those pas- that influence will be exerted only tors and church members who have in the measure in which he himself never conceived of the mission of has caught the missionary vision.

the Church of Christ in its true The need for a mighty spiritual and broad proportions, who have revival in our churches is being never "lifted up their eyes" from voiced on every side, and for this their local interests, to think, feel, much earnest prayer is being made pray and act in terms of the whole to God. Is it not also important world. to appreciate that the actuating Some of the home churches have motive for such prayer, and the caught the true missionary vision supreme objective of such revival, and spirit and have contributed so should be not merely spiritual re- much toward world evangelization, freshing for our own souls but, as in the sending forth of their own the result of this, the carrying out sons and daughters and in support- more effectively of God's purpose ing them by sacrificial offerings through us for a lost and unevan- and faithful prayers, that one gelized world? True revival must thrills at the thought of what the always call us back to the will of result would be if every home God. A genuine spiritual revival church were to adopt the same must therefore issue in a mission- standard. ary revival. When such revival Our Forces and Resources comes, the problem of missionary recruits and support will be solved, The Protestant churches of a new volume of missionary inter- North America alone have ample cession will link up the Church to forces and resources to carry out the omnipotence of God, so that their Master's commission within the whole enterprise of world the limits of the present genera- evangelization will move firmly tion. Never before were adven- forward to its consummation.

titious features of every kind so favorable, while the provision of They who know God and obey Him divine leadership and power absolutely can reckon on Him with certhrough the Spirit remains the tainty and confidence. He will not fail same as ever. It is a matter of the soul that ventures wholly on His all- sufficiency.-F. B. Meyer.

CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD*

D URING the present period of Last spring the communists revolution in China, many near Nanchang (Hupeh) were Christians have been the ob- planning to kill a number of leadject of criticism and scurrilous ing men, including an old Chrisattacks which have meant physical tian. Knowing that his property stress and spiritual suffering. At would be confiscated, he determined the same time they have bravely at least to save his Bible. He made taken up the load dropped on their it up in a bundle, dug a hole in the shoulders through the enforced ground and buried it, saying to evacuation of the missionaries. In his son, "If they kill me, you know most cases the incidents given be- that our Bible is buried here. While low are in the words of those who you are not able to read the book, reported them. your son is learning and can read it to you." * '" '" '" '" '" An evangelist in a Hengchow (Hunan) country field, disregard- Pastor Wang in Nitsei, who ing the orders of the local mer- lived near Siangyang, Hupeh, was chants' guild, boldly preached threatened again and again by the Christ in the chapel. He was ar- communists. Finally the Chrisrested, his hands were tied behind tians advised him to leave and save his back, and he was made to wear his life. But he prayed to God a high hat-a symbol of humilia- about it and felt that it was his tion. The courage and grace with duty to stay. By the mercy of God which he bore this trial brought he was spared and is holding his his persecutors to shame, and since ground to this day.

then services in the chapel have * '" '"

been well attended and no further Pastor Liang in Changsha was obstructions have been offered. surrounded by enemies and his Elder Wu of the Lei yang church life was threatened, but a verse of was killed, because he was rich and Scripture came to his mind which a Christian. strengthened him. He said to his '" '" '" enemies: "I will not leave, come The wife of one of the Chen- what may; I am going to stand by chow (Hunan) preachers was told my work." He was spared and is by the chairman of the labor union, continuing his work.

who had been a preacher, that they '" '" '"

would better leave as it might not When the foreigners left Lintbe possible to get away later. Mrs. sing, Shantung, the assistant was Chiang answered: "Why should I made superintendent. He had leave? I have done nothing to be hardly any knowledge of accountashamed of. If I have to die I ing, and only casual knowledge of might as well die here." Her cour- the hospital finances. The acage has been richly rewarded. The counts, check books, and all corre- work has not been interrupted. spondence were placed in his hands, • Incidents taken mainly from the corre- with only an untrained bookkeeper SP0.:l:dt~~eB~~tf:~ ~:dnF~~e~';°Btbr. "s~~1!i':~1~ R.to help him. Five armies passed 361

through Lintsing during the sum- Chao," they said. "He stood at the mer, all of them furnishing many door of the chapel, which was full soldiers as patients, some of them of 500 women and children, and disposed to be disorderly. One kept out the soldiers when every army came through bringing an one else ran. Twice they pointed epidemic of relapsing fever. The their guns at him and once fired year will show 20 % more patients over his head. 'If you intend to and 15% more operations than last harm these women,' he said, 'you year, despite a heavy fall of snow must kill me first.' The Whole vil- which made work very light for lage is going to present him with six weeks in the late winter. The a large wooden tablet of apprecia- hospital was so busy during the tion."

absence of the foreigners that no *** one took a vacation until their re- Mr. 'Chu Chi-chang (a graduate turn. No salaries were raised dur- of Nanking University and now in ing this period, not even those charge of the church at Fudong) promised by previous contract. is a member of the Kuomintang More money was given by local Party but when they came and Chinese supporters than usual, and asked him to help in some organi- by a greater number of individ- zation, he refused because he did uals. not feel the party was true to its *** principles. When he was asked, At the village of Changteng, the "What principles?" he said, "Reli- soldiers looted for two days. Wom- gious liberty. You take churches en and children fled to the chapel and do not let the Christians wor- yard, where a young preacher, just ship in them. I am a Christian and out of school, was in charge. He I cannot help the party unless it called in the leading men of the does differently."

village, organized a refuge for *** women and children and a recep- The last letter sent from Pastor tion committee for invading troops. Sun of Hwaiyuan, Anhwei, tells of Refugees filled the chapel and the the siege, when a portion of the school and overflowed into a neigh- roof of the Girls' School was shot boring yard. This village of about away by a cannon ball. Soldiers 5,000 inhabitants was looted and looted and pillaged all through the the losses were over $100,000. The city, fires destroyed between eight Christian refuge protected over hundred and a thousand homes; 1,000 women and children and was two plain clothes men were shot the only place not looted. down by their enemies in the mis- *** sion chapel and another was be- At Wei Ts'un just behind the headed on the front steps; another battle line, homes were filled with was shot to death at the back gate, soldiers. Hardly had the smoke of the evangelist in charge nearly los- battle cleared away when a delega- ing his life at the same time. Pas- tion from this village came in to tor Sun wrote: "After the Sunday- express their appreciation of what school was over, I heard that there the preacher had done. These call- was a battle in progress on the ers were the village head of police, Boys' School athletic field and that the school teacher, and gentry. several soldiers had been killed.

"No one could have equalled Mr. . … On Wednesday we had prayer-

CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD

meeting as usual, and the spiritual his money was safe, but another atmosphere was a 'taste' of com- pirate came and took his shoes off munion with God. Faith was his feet, and the notes were found!

strengthened a hundredfold…… I He was put on the sampan with live in the midst of deep water and the men who were taken away and hot fire, which forces me daily to kidnapped, but he knelt down and a closer communion with God. I prayed aloud. Then the kidnapped find deeper and richer flavor in the men asked the pirates to put him study of the Scriptures than I ever off because he was demented. So did in times ..o. f p… eac…e and quiet." he was put back onto the ransacked passage boat and when the pirates "Nearly all of the Bible colpor- had left her, a friendly launch came teurs have passed through more or and towed her… ba..c. k t…o Canton." less persecution this year, and Mr.

Sie seems to have had an extra "Mo Min-shan, formerly a Tao- share. He has been cursed on the ist priest, was converted at one of streets, refused lodgings at night, the mission chapels, and after a set upon by mobs, driven out of period of probation was employed town and warned of cruel treat- by the mission as a gate-keeper.

ment should he dare to return His activities in spreading the again. In the middle of the year Good News of salvation led to his he visited the market town of T'eng being appointed as a colporteur, Ts'iang some hundred and twenty and he has done good service. He li north of Nanning. On entering covers a very large area which this market he was held up by the means long journeys, and absence local militia of the Nationalist from the station continually. He party (Tang-pu) who searched him is a brave man, endures hardship and his baggage. Finding that he and faces difficulties with courage, was carrying gospels, the soldiers carrying on his work in face of cursed and reviled him and would opposition. Flood, drought, armies have probably thrown him into and bandits are causes of hindrance j ail had not the head village elder and at times he has to seek refuge, come forward and ordered him to to go forth again when hindrances " be released. This elder warned have disappeared." him, however, that if he ever made … …

his appearance again he would re- The anti-Christian and anti-for- ceive different treatment. Colpor- eign agitators have been exception- teur Sie praised the Lord for this ally busy, and yet the great bulk deliverance and forthwith left for of the Chinese have remained Wuming." friendly and well-disposed. Bible colporteurs have been threatened … " " "An Shang (colporteur) in Jan- and called "foreign dogs" and "for- uary of this year was robbed of eign slaves" and yet the Bible cir- everything. His boat was pirated, culation has been larger than ever.

several of the better-class passen- In spite of all the opposition and gers were kidnapped and every- all the lies that have been told, the thing of value was taken from the work has gone on as usual. It is ship. He had hidden his Hongkong a joy to know, should we be forced dollar notes in his shoes, and when eventually to leave the province, the pirates took his coat he thought that, scattered here and there all 2

over the country are thousands and dered by ruffians. The school was thousands of silent messengers reopened on February 24, 1927, ready to point people to the way of with a depleted staff. Rumors were the Cross. rife. On the morning of March *** 24th a mob broke into the com- The dark cloud which settled pound and threatened the students over Nanking has a radiant lining. with dire consequences unless they In a most remarkable and heart- joined the communists. They re- ening manner stUdents, servants, fused and after an hour and a half Christians and even some non- of fruitless agitation the mob left.

Christians stood by their threat- On May 30th a radical remnant of ened foreign friends, at times the anti-foreign and anti-Christian willingly risking their own prop- party rushed up to the gate, but erty and lives. This loyalty was the naval guard blocked the gate- not the experience of a few only way and succeeded in cooling off but of all. One Nanking mission- the rioters. The loyalty of the ary remarked that the loyal friend- students to the institution and the ship manifested throughout the foreign staff was remarkable.

unanticipated tragedy almost made *** the experience worth while. One Miss Delia Ru, the young Chi- building contractor responded to nese who was left without funds the request of a missionary friend for carrying on the work of the for a loan with which the threats Gracie Kingham Memorial School, of the looters might be averted only enlisted volunteer teachers and has to have his own house looted; he kept school tuition-free for several was also forced to go into hiding. months, thereby preventing the At a moment when another mis- confiscation or occupation of the sionary was ringed about with mission property and giving an rifles and facing the demand, unusual demonstration of Chris- "Your money or your life," two tian service and courage. She is Chinese young men appeared and bitterly attacked by occasional pled for his life. One of them writers in the papers, but the work opened his coat and exposed his she is doing is obviously of such own defenseless body as a pledge high character that no one inter- for his foreign friend. For some feres.

the ricksha man's humble hut pro- *** vided shelter. To keep their Association going *** most of the seven Y. M. C. A. sec- Hwa Nan College (Methodist), retaries in Chengtu gave up a at Foochow, has passed through month's salary. The head of the the agitation in an inspiring way. Construction Department of Nan- As a result of the looting by a king University refused the posi- group of Nationalist soldiers on tion of municipal engineer even January 16, 1927, the school was though it meant a doubling of his closed and the foreign faculty, with salary. In Hangchow all the sec- the exception of two, left. During retaries of the Y. M. C. A. and the time between the passing of Y. W. C. A. accepted 10% to 20% the Northern and the coming of cuts in salaries. In another Asso- the Provisional Government, the ciation all the secretaries, from the teacher of Mandarin was mur- general secretary down, on their

own initiative reduced their own was among the first on the Red salaries to a uniform rate of Mex- List, but running away did not fit ican $30 a month. A girls' school in with Shih's code. He remained principal reports a fifty per cent at the Association till they came reduction in teachers' salaries, in- and got him.

cluding her own. "As soon as Shih had been dis- '" '" '" posed of, soldiery quartered them- selves in the new building, stabled The principal of the junior mid- their horses in the restaurant to dle school in Jenshow, Szechwan, feed upon the imported window said, "I will deal with (the diffi- casings, and made away with sevculties) to the best of my strength eral hundred dollars' worth of new and ability, no matter what arises tables and chairs. The foreign sec- I will not give up." Noting his retary's residence was taken over demeanor in the face of threaten- by the New Youth Club, which ing demands the students said, "If used it most effectively for the it comes to violence, the principal amusement of the young and the will be the first to get in. If he is not afrai<l we need not worry." breakdown of China's ancient tra- dition of isolating the sexes.

* * '" "It was no time for any ordi- "Shih was on the staff of the nary man to interfere, but Lan Liu leading Nanchang daily w hen is no ordinary man. By vocation Frank Lenz induced the editor to an Episcopal clergyman and by send him to cover the Y. M. C. A.'s avocation President of the Y. M.

25th Anniversary Convention in C. A., he called together the few Tientsin in 1920. The Y interested remaining members of the board him. He became a Christian and who had not found it advisable to later business secretary. Natural- leave town and arranged to invite ly fearless and resourceful, his those radical leaders who were varied experiences have taken him causing our troubles to a dinner.

all over China and into all sorts of Then they pointed out to their situations. guests that Shih had done nothing "One night, two years ago, he but his duty and that the program stood off a gang who tried to rush of the Association was entirely un- a Y entertainment. Of course he selfish and for the welfare of so~ knew that they would get him, and ciety. Not being as well grounded that night they did. It was two as they should have been in the in the morning before he was doctrines of Karl Marx, nor in the found, half dead, bruised and various Moscow manifestoes urg- bleeding, in the outer court of the ing immediate elimination of the school for the sons of officials. Y. M. C. A., they were completely "One of the first moves in the won over. Shih was released after attack on the Association was the only six days in prison, though his making of alluring offers to the cell-mates were held till the de- Chinese secretaries. Shih refused parture of the communists. Our to be tempted by any of these, and erstwhile enemies joined them- was left with sole responsibility for selves with the board in organiz- both the Y. M. C. A. and the for- ing a 'Save the Y. M. C. A. So- eign residence property. Friends ciety,' and ordered the staff to gave him warning that his name carryon."

INDIA-THE RUDDER:OF

By BISHOP BENTON T. BADLEY, Lucknow, India I NDIA is the great rudder of Asia. Geographically, it is central, reach- ing out to China and Japan on the east; to Arabia and Egypt on the west; to Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Persia on the northwest, and to Central Asia on the north. What is done in India must ultimately touch all Asia.

In religion, India has always been Asia's spiritual leader-and still is. India is the land where the supreme contest between three great religions of the world must take place. These religions are Hinduism, Mohamedanism and Christianity; and in no other land or continent are they all represented so powerfully. The contact comes in India.

India has 217,000,000 Hindus, 66,000,000 Mohamedans and 4,000,000 Christians. The supreme question is: Which of these is to rule the destiny of this great land? As goes India, so goes Asia.

The greatest awakening Asia has ever known is taking place in India today and, the development is made possible under the stable and enlightened control of Great Britain. The Noncooperators, under the fantastic and fanatical guidance of their leaders, have tried to stampede India into' a wild, premature rush into a nominal independent republic. But India's intelligent people are watching China's rash attempt in that direction, and they are in no hurry to have China's chaos introduced into India. Ninety per cent of India's men and ninety-eight per cent of her women are wholly illiterate, so that the conditions of a safe and enlightened democracy under independent Indian control are not yet present.

Under the tuition of the British, with their educational system and the free institutions of an enlightened ciVilization, India has enjoyed unusual advantages. The natural result of Western ideals and Christian progress is a new national spirit, striving for untramelled, independent expression. With this spirit pervading the land, India's people have entered upon a new era, in which the foundations of Home Rule are being laid. The nation is plastic; the hour of change has come. This is the supreme opportunity of Truth; therefore of Christianity.

Twenty-five years ago, the Hindu father was still asking whether a girl was worth educating. He has ceased to ask that question. Ten years ago, the caste system seemed to have yielded very little to the pressure of Christian teaching and Western civilization: today, many of the strongest opponents to caste are found among the Hindus themselves. It is still comparatively rare for a Hindu widow to be remarried: but the exceptions are becoming more frequent and attract less attention.

India's widows will yet be liberated.

India is also the supreme meeting-place of the West and East. Europe and America have sent some of their strongest sons and noblest daughters to India, and here they have met and mingled with India's best. This has brought about a new international situation. India has become the great interpreter of the West to the East aWndestthewEillasbtetoimthmeeWaseusrta.blWy heenn- East has been brought to her best, the riched.

The eyes of the world are on India. Indian Christian men and women, are not only working for a pure and power-filled Indian Church, alert to the opportunities of the new era, but are also looking for the supreme national movement that will make India a Christian nation.

856

HAPPY BLIND GIRLS AT RAMABAI'S MISSION

PANDITA RAMABAI'S MUKTI MISSION * BY REV. WM. MOYSER, Akola, Berar, India Mi88ionat·y of the Ch1~sUan and JIi!l€iona.ry Ania:nce RAMABAI'S father, a very or- position or be put out of caste. By thodox Brahmin priest, was an overwhelming shew of learning he routed his enemies and proved also a real reformer. He his position; hence he was not excould not see why women and peo- communicated. pIe of other castes should not be allowed to read and write the San- A daughter, Ramabai, was born skrit literature, so he retired to the to this couple in the year 1857, and jungles and there he taught his from her childhood was taught by own' young wife that sacred litera- her parents the Hindu sacred texts ture, such as the Puranic and and quotations from the Puranas Vedic books. For this he was and Vedas. It is said that she brought before the head priest and could quote correctly over 20,000 a large body of Brahmin pundits, of them. She became wise beyond to whdtn he had either to prove his her years as she daily listened to • Having just visited Muktl to hold a Ioeal the learned pundits who visited ~~~~~~t:;. i::~~.l'e~ i~:~ei ~I~hth::!nfhe"!;~~ her father. Both parents died in fta:!~~:i, Cltli:t', v~r:e';em~~k~bl:~uo~i:.n~i~~ the dreadful famines of the seven- ~~eofme:~:tt t~h:o~ed~~n~~:s ~~tal'~~~~ ~~~ ties, and she and her brother have grown up without heartng much of her. wandered on from place to place Many have beard of such ruen as George as pilgrims and as teaching and 1IImler, but the Inte Pandlta Ramnbal was In reading prI•ests. In this way she Bome sense as great as be. A great man of traveled over nearly all of India faith he was, but he had nearly 2,000 years ~fOJ~sh!'m:lfi~I~. be~':~d!~!mBt:~gs <;'~~isi~~eDf~ ~;~::f~~~i~~~ ·'t'il~ h~~~e~oro~h~rw~~~ ng~o~~: and Burma. In 1873 they arrived awgoariknstth!alterb; asanfdewyeetqusahIes, .-uWnd.eMr .God, did a in Calcutta, and soon she became 86'7

famous as a Hindu lecturer and properly, she learned Hebrew and scholar, and before a great gather- Greek. She has also scattered ing of pandits she gained the title freely thousands of Bibles, Testaof Sarasvati, or Doctor of Hindu ments and Gospels throughout Philosophy and Theology, the only Western India; in addition to woman that has so earned that hymns and other literature. She title. She lost her faith in Hindu- gathered a band of devoted women ism, and for the first time (in who, like the Pandita herself, 1873) met Christianity; but it did could trust God for their own daily not impress her at all; it was bread, as well as stand with her for the food of the inmates in the simply a curiosity. homes and schools. Early in the eighties she went to From that small beginning by England, and in 1883, while teach- two women, the work has been caring Sanskrit in an Engli~h college, ried on to the present when the she became a nominal Christian. farm and institutions cover a little While still a nominal Christian she over a hundred acres of land, about read the lives of such men as twenty miles from Poona, in a vil- George Muller, John G. Paton, lage called Kedgaon. She called Hudson Taylor, Mr. Haslam, and her place Mukti, which means "Sal- vation," and those cared for numothers, which helped to deepen her ber between 600 and 700 people Christian experience. Later she from many castes and of various traveled a good deal in England languages. They are deserted and America, where she won a wives, child widows, orphans and multitude of friends. wronged women, for Pandita would turn no woman away; she Returning to India she began a had a heart of sympathy, and none school, or refuge, for Indian were too poor or destitute for her widows, starting her work with love and help. two Brahmin women. This school was especially for high caste wom- The place is well known, and the en, and continued so until about railway guides, or time tables, call 1896 when the Lord began to speak to her about Faith Missions on a attention to the wonderful work of this woman. It is situated on larger scale. She was ready when the highway that leads to one of the famine of 1897 was upon the the great pilgrim centers; the land to launch out in faith to place is easily recognized, for along gather and care for the famine widows. At one time there were the front of the homes are large over 2,000 inmates in the Mukti sheets of iron on which texts ex- Homes. These, who were from plaining the way of salvation are every caste and were entirely de- written in the Marathi characters, pendent upon her and her God. so that those who can read may know of the Way of Life as they Ramabai built up orphanages pass by. and schools, cared for wives and widows who had been deserted or The members of the colony are cast out, and built homes for the busy all day long with school for blind and destitute. Not satisfied the little ones, cooking, sewing and with this, she translated the whole cleaning for the older ones, and Bible into Marathi, one of the Bible training for those desiring hardest languages in the world, arid in order to be able to do this to enter the Lord's service. It is a

PANDITA RAMABAI'S MUKTI MISSION

beehive of industry from early At Phanderpur, some miles from morning until the day closes, when Kedgaon, there is a famous shrine the workers retire for a well- to a god called Vitoba, who is an earned rest. incarnation of Vishnu. The god is represented by a man standing on Let us first of all step into the a brick. Hundreds of thousands of department for the blind under the rupees worth of jewelry are kept care of Miss Jackson. Here we here in a strong room, safe from find thirty-five busy at their work robbers. There are four main so as not to be dependent upon feasts yearly in connection with charity. They make baskets, rope, this idol, besides a number of beadwork, mats, bags, etc. Every- smaller ones. At the main feasts thing, from the cutting of the banana fibre, splitting and dyeing, KRISHNAHAI. ONE OF RAMABAI'S BRAHto the finishing of these articles, is MAN GIRLS, IN CHARGE OF THE taught in this department. SCHOOL WORK In the sewing room, under the as many as 300,000 people gather care of Miss Brown, look at the here to worship Vitoba. Every beautiful work done by the girls. three years there is a larger feast Even from Australia cloth is sent that usually lasts eight days. Pilto be worked into bed spreads, grims come to Phanderpur from table covers, handkerchiefs, etc. all parts of the land, traveling hun- These two departments have won dreds of miles by train, bullock prizes in India and New Zealand- cart, and on foot, some of them prizes that have been open to the even roll on the ground for scores entire world-yet won these for of miles. Bands of men, women Mukti by real merit. and children, with yellow fiags,can be seen all along the highway, sing- When we visit the farm lands, ing their praises to Vitoba. we see the plowing, sowing, grass cutting, irrigating, and the care From Mukti twenty~four womfor scores of animals that are en, who have found salvation in needed for the institution. This is Mukti, have devoted themselves to in charge of Miss MacGregor, who also has charge of the printing press. Here we see three large presses, where thousands of Bibles, Testaments and Scripture portions have been printed. Last year 5,000 Bibles and 10,300 Testaments, and now another edition of 8;800 Testaments have gone out free of charge to strictly non-Christian people. Over 10,000 booklets and 40,000 tracts have either been given or sold from this place last year.

Among the school children are 135 girls and some boys in the lower grades, and 66 in the High School. Pray that many of these will turn out to be splendid workers.

the Lord's work at Phanderpur, The great need of the work is a .and iiveand work all the time with revival of Scriptural holiness that the pilgrims who visit this shrine. will send more of these women out Besides this band a company of to work for God among their own saved women go; out every day people. We also need organized from Mukti to tell the story of the Saviour's love in the surrounding prayer bands to stand in faith and prayer for the whole work. There GRINDING THE MORTAR FOR BUILDING, MUKTI, 1927 towns and villages, and on Sundays are other needs, such as a trained four or five of these bands of wom- nurse, and Marathi-speaking worken go forth with the message of ers to help in the personal work Salvation. On the days of the of the mission. They also need a heavy pilgrim traffic as many as thousand dollars for new Marathi eighty women go out in relays for and English type for the printing press; The church has never .been two hours at a time. to reach the finished. This was. begun by people who pass by the hundreds Ramabai, but because of the on their way to the shrine of Vi- famine it was never finished, and toba. Pray that the seed sown it ought to be completed. Pray may bring forth fruit to the salva- for this work and the workers who tJon. of souls · and to . the glory of are carrying it on. God.

MANY NAMES-ONE NAME ·A.· .. CONGO Chrisdan was studying geography and, after an exhausting hunt for various Congo rivers, lakes and towns appearing by name on the map, he prayed: "0 Lord, there are so many, · many names on this map but among them a1 the name of Jesus is not found once.

LOrd, we kIioW that no one has.ever yet been saved by any of these names, . l:!1twe thank thee forthe ·name of Jesus through which all men may be s.aved/':-:-Inla1ui Africa. .. ..

OF THE RELIGIOUS SHOP MEETINGS FOR INDUSTRIAL

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE Y. M. C. A.

BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, Montclair, N. J.

I NDUSTRY is increasingly re- wholesome recreative advantages alizing that there is such a and fighting for progressive legis- thing as a character basis for lation which will benefit both emefficiency. The "Y" today is not ployer and employee. The Young concerned with so-called "pallia- Men's Christian Association is cotives," but is dealing constructive- operating whole-heartedly with ly with the greatest industrial and such men. One of them recently social problems of the day. These declared that the "Y" has helped "greatest problems" will ultimate- to supply the soul in many so-called ly be solved not by declarations, "soulless corporations." In con- creeds and legislation, but by nection with one of his own plants, changing the narrow, selfish lives this man said: of some of the leaders of Capital "For several years we have been conand Labor and by developing in templating industrial betterment at our them a new and Christian sense of plant. I spent considerable time visiting responsibility for their fellow men. other factories and reading along this How can this be accomplished un- line. We did not want an outside agency, less the character standards of believing that we could do the job better these leaders are raised? ourselves. We delayed starting lest we should make a mistake. Finally we All over America are found reached the conclusion that the Y. M. great captains of industry who are C. A. was better equipped to do this improving "conditions," paying work than any individual manufacturer. no matter how great his interest in his employees!"

better wages, building better homes Later he discovered that his acfor their workers, • providiJ'!g cidents had decreased 49 per cent, 861

lost time from accidents had de- one town there is a staff of eight creased 55 per cent and output per industrial secretaries. One is the man employed had increased 13 general supervisor, another is the per cent, due in large measure to Americanization secretary, a third the Association! "puts music into industry," and a The President of the Riverside fourth promotes twenty shop meet- & Dan River Cotton Mills in Vir- ings and other character-forming ginia declares: activities every week. One man is "Within a few months after the In- a "plant secretary," giving all his dustrial Y. M. C. A. was organized, the time to a large factory, though on community began to wake up. The lead- the staff of the City Y. M. C. A. ers of the 'Y' knew just what was needed to bring about whole-hearted co- In a single month he promoted acoperation; and without denominational strife, there was soon manifested a new tivities having a total attendance community spirit and a great revival of of 23,670 people. A $100,000 spiritual interest. The Association's building has recently been turned practical program, appealing to the essentials of manhood-body, mind and over to the "Y" by this company, spirit-has made industrial democracy and the workers manage it thempossible." selves. The recreation and educa- It should not be overlooked that tional secretaries are just as busy the Association creates the kind of as the rest, and the city is feeling atmosphere and spirit which the results in numerous ways. A makes it easier for Capital and representative week in this city Labor to get together. The reality witnessed 201 special events with of this was illustrated recently, an actual attendance of 14,235 in- when I saw the president of a dustrial men and boys!

great manufacturing company and Furthermore, the college Asso- an ordinary workman from the ciation in the same town is sending shop, bowling fraternally together 100 students each week into indus- in the Y. M. C. A. alleys. That trial communities to teach English was one approach to industrial to foreigners, instruct American democracy. If these two men un- workingmen in technical subjects, derstand each other and get to- coach athletics, lead clubs of ap- gether socially, they will be more prentices and working boys and likely to get together in the shop! render many other varieties of Out of every five members of the service. Leaders are also enlisted American Y. M. C. A. today, one from churches, the Association is an industrial worker! This membership and the industries means that approximately 200,000 themselves. In other words, the men and boys from industry have "Y" in this, as in hundreds of voluntarily joined a Christian or- other centers, is enlisting volun- ganization which at one time was teer leadership to such an extent considered by some, "a white collar as to help thousands of men to live club." Furthermore, the Associa- in their city, and not on it.

tion extends its service, regardless A program of service in a com- of race, color, creed, class or mem- munity aims to meet the spiritual, bership in the organization, to educational, social, physical and 3,000,000 additional working men economic needs of working men and boys annually. and boys-foreign or American, A very large service is being white or black. This comprehen- rendered to industrial workers. In sive plan is promoted to a large

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE Y. M. C. A

extent outside of the "Y" building Possibly the most novel work of -in factories, labor unions, clubs, the Association has been promoted I 0 d g e s, settlements, boarding in cotton mill villages of the South, houses, homes-in short, where in mines and lumber camps of the people are. Religious meetings are East and West, and in other more as frequent in industry as in col- isolated districts. Here are a few leges, and produce just as vital re- of the things brought to pass in a sults among leaders of both Capital mill community of 7,500 people as and Labor. In one city 8,500 dif- "by-products" of the regular work: ferent men and boys attended seventy-four different shop meetings Sentiment was created and funds were provided for a visiting nurse.

A RELIGIOUS MEETING IN A CONSTRUCTION CAMP in a single month. Educational Local physicians agreed to examwork has assumed large dimen- ine school children gratis, and good sions, and splendid progress has results obtained have led to the sebeen made in the past decade in curing of a doctor to devote all his cooperative undertakings with cor- time to this work. Campaigns poration schools and other organi- were waged against typhoid, mazations. Social and physical ac- laria and other diseases. Two tivities have opened new vistas for years ago there were ninety cases hundreds of thousands of men and of typhoid, last year there was boys in overalls, and given them only one case, and the town holds renewed happiness and a new out- the record for the State. A comlook on life. munity tuberculosis campaign was

held, one of the results being the board, wages, housing, etc., are passing of a most advanced county greatly improved and the attitude health law. Association efforts of the employes has entirely have led not only to the improve- changed. ment of local conditions, but also to the remedying of evils in sur- There are eighteen coal mining rounding communities, and to the Young Men's Christian Associapassing of advanced labor laws tions in West Virginia and Colorathroughout the State. do alone, and in many other states as well. The miners, both union Recently, a secretary described and nonunion, are as enthusiastic to me his experience, when he first as the textile workers or lumberarrived at an industrial camp. jacks. During one severe strike the There was one cheerless room in a company's mine guards and strikcold building, labeled "Recreation ers declared a truce at a certain Room" where four hundred men time each day and went swimming gathered. When he entered, four together in the "Y" pool! Who crap games and several well-pa- would say that this did not make tronized poker games were in for better understanding, and progress, .with money piled high doubtless prevented some tragic between the players. Many of the "shooting matches"? Again and men were under the influence of again, in most critical situations, liquor. The Secretary noticed a the Association has helped bring three-cornered tear in the coat of company and men together. one of the special policemen, made by a stiletto. Another man still Real service has been rendered bore on his face the marks of a in hundreds of lumber camps and razor fight. There was general towns and in reclamation and congrumbling over everything and the struction projects, far from any soil was well prepared for the in- "civilization" except that which roads of Bolshevik propaganda. the "Y" affords. Splendid build- Six weeks later that same room ings have sometimes been equipped was warm and well-decorated. even in camps numbering only 200 men. On the other hand, there are There were tables, generously sup- large "manhood factories" like plied with reading matter and sta- those in Pueblo, costing with equiptionery. The "Y" man had a counter in the corner where he sold ment $580,000, and Bayonne, costmoney orders and stamps to the ing $700,000 and serving thou- sands of men, women and children. men, who were urged to send home their spare cash. When the crowd The Y. M. C. A. was the first organization to effect a world proassembled there was a period of singing, motion pictures and an in- gram of service in behalf of emiteresting address. "The best thing grants and immigrants. At pres- ent, trained secretaries are at work we've had yet!" declared the man- all over Europe, in countries of ager. "When is that speaker com- origin, at fourteen strategic ports ing back?" the men wanted to of embarkation, on shipboard, at know. "Say," exclaimed another, many ports of entry and in hun- "1 want to tell you we appreciate dreds of places of destination. Apwhat you've done for us, and even proximately 100,000 "foreigners" more what you're helping us do for ourselves!" Needless to say, the are now in English and citizenship classes and over 1,000,000 attend

indoor and outdoor lectures each colleges are now engaged in many year. Most important of all, the varieties of service with 100,000 "Y" is helping them to express the workingmen and boys. They are best of which they are capable and having some never-to-be-forgotten to make their unique contribution experiences and are gaining far to our American life. Foreign more than they are giving. This, leaders have been influenced to deal however, is only one phase of the justly with their countrymen and movement. Others include promoto stand for higher ideals in their tion of courses in the "Human Side respective communities. of Engineering" and "Industrial Relations" in the regular college The Industrial Service Move- curricula; lectures on industrial ment is impressing college men THE LOBBY IN AN INDUSTRIAL BRANCH OF THE Y. M. C. A.

with the vital importance of human democracy, labor betterment, hurelations in industry, and is de- man relations, etc., by men repreveloping a larger appreciation on senting different points of view; their part of the human side of weekly discussion groups on industheir chosen careers. It is fair to trial and social questions; human say that hundreds of students are engineering bulletin boards, ligraduating each year with a new braries and observation trips; vision of their service opportuni- congresses of human engineering ties and responsibilities, because where the student body and faculty of their touch with one or more of an entire college may be excused phases of this movement in under- from classes for one, two, or three graduate days. days to concentrate their attention on these great themes. It is interesting to note that 5,500 undergraduates from 200 The National Industrial Depart-

ment's mailing list contains infor- with other employers of his State, mation about 8,000 graduates who convincing them that they should have been interested in this Move- abandon the old reactionary meth- ment in the last dozen years. A ods of dealing with labor, and large proportion of these men are adopt a thoroughly Christian exerting the right kind of leader- course of action. And there are ship in the industrial world. How many others like him!

vital it is that these coming indus- It is significant that Charles R.

trial leaders of the nation begin Towson, formerly Senior Secretary now to acquire the right point of of this Department, was a member view in relation to the great social of the original committee which questions of the day! It may mean framed the Social Creed of the Churches. In fact, the Creed was THE RELIOIOU 1 adopted by the Department in its BASIS handbook before it was accepted either by the Y. W. C. A. or the Association Conventions. A large Jonn proportion of the industrial secre- taries throughout the country are college men and they are standing for real progress in industrial de- mocracy and social legislation. It is also significant that the indus- trial work is increasingly support- ed by organized labor, as evidenced by the repeated presence of union OR.JFCT officials at Association gatherings, the large number of union men in ct1RI~TIA l HAR (' fIR the membership and on committees and the approval of labor leaders. AND In the coming days no world SERVICF problems will be solved without reckoning with the forces of in- much to the right solution of our dustry. The Y. M. C. A. is helping industrial problems. to bring character-making influ- For many summers the Indus- ences and higher personal and so- trial Department has promoted cial standards into the lives of the local and territorial conferences on 25,000,000 men and boys who com- "Human Relations." Those at pose and control this great field.

Blue Ridge, N. C., Estes Park, It is significant that this organiza- Colo., and Silver Bay, N. Y., are tion is heartily welcomed by both each attended by 300 to 600 lead- employer and employee, not only ers of industry, with far-reaching in North America but also in other results. Repeatedly, men have parts of the world. As industrial been led to follow a Christian pro- democracy plans become more gram in their own plants as a re- and more of a reality, individual sult of these conferences. One character will inevitably become president of a State Manufactur- more important, for no safe fra- ers' Association, after his return ternity is possible without a Chris- spent all day in continuous meeting tian basis.

GOD AND KNOWING

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SIMLA HILLS, INDIA I F MAN knew himself-who and ing to know ourselves and God we what he is-then he would be can enjoy His blessed life-giving better able to know God, after Presence.

whose "image and likeness" he has When we become children of God been created. The Apostle Paul by being "born again," then His says in Romans 1: 19: "Because Holy Spirit, even without the use that which may be known of God is of earthly language, speaks to us, manifest in them." teaching and revealing to us the But the knowledge of God and of secrets of the spiritual life. When self does not depend on scientific we are born of the Spirit, spiritual or philosophical learning and "wis- language becomes our mother- dom of this world." The human tongue, and we can learn without "'isms" and "'ologies" often lead difficulty what He teaches us.

away from the truth, rather than Earthly language and human to it. Mere worldly wisdom may words may convey earthly mes- cause interference with the inner sages, but a spiritual man, even voice, and a false voice will mislead without words, can understand the us. True knowledge and wisdom truth that God wishes to convey.

comes through the Word of God, If we wish to teach a child, whose with prayer and meditation. "A mother-tongue is English, the word flight of the alone to the Alone" al- for "GOD" in Sanskrit, we tell him lows God to speak in secret to the that "Iswar" means "GOD." But heart. In other words, this world's in what language did he first come knowledge can be attained by tui- to know that "GOD" means AL- tion, but the spiritual knowledge MIGHTY GOD? The blind deaf- comes by intuition enlightened by mute, Helen Keller, says that she God. knew God before she ever learned To obtain spiritual knowledge, His name in earthly language.

the soul's powers, which have be- As the sun can be seen only by come benumbed and deadened by its own light, so the "Sun of Right- sin, should be awakened. A blind eousness," the "Light of the man, who was attempting to read world," can be seen only in His the Bible in Braille, could not dis- own light. Man can know and see tinguish the words because the himself only in this true Light. For severe cold had benumbed his this he needs spiritual eyesight, befingertips. He sat beside the fire cause the blind and those who "seeto warm and rub his hands. In a ing, see not," cannot understand few minutes his fingers glowed this reality (Matt. 13: 13).

with the heat and he was easily If we are to know the deity of able to read. So, by prayer and Christ, we must have more than meditation, the "Sun of righteous- physical life. Man, however perness" (Mal. 4: 2) and the fire of feet, is not sufficient for this. Sinthe Holy Spirit quicken our sensi- ful and fallen man cannot know bilities and enable us to perceive Him; but the "new man," a "new the things of the Spirit. By learn- creation" (Col. 3: 10) can know 367

Him, "who is the image of the in- he who does not deny self, really visible God" (Col. 1: 15). Man commits spiritual suicide!

was created in the image of God If man, who was created in but, by sin, God's image has become God's image and likeness, by dis- disfigured and marred, so that it obedience and foolishness, does not must be remade; only thus can become his own enemy and injure man recognize his Lord and Sav- himself, then there is nothing in iour. the universe which can injure him.

Through sin man has not only But he hurts himself as did the fallen from godly dignity and man- Prodigal Son. When a man injures liness, but he died. That is why himself to such an extent that his unregenerated man does not feel heart .and feelings are deadened, God's presence everywhere. Like then he inj ures others also. His a dead man, who in spite of the air sensibilities being deadened, he being all around, does not feel or does not feel and know that he is breathe it, so those dead in sin can hurting others (1 Cor. 12: 12, 26).

neither sense God nor enjoy the Had he been alive and awakened, breath of prayer. Such cannot instead of hurting and injuring worship Him in spirit and in truth. himself and others, he would have When God breathed into Adam tried to improve his own and "the breath of life" (Gen. 2: 7), he others' spiritual life. Thus he became a "living soul," but through would have fulfilled the will and sin that "living soul" died: there- purpose of God.

fore it was necessary that the Lord The problem of pain and suffer- should breathe again on men a new ing has perplexed many. While spirit and a new life, which is this may be due to sin, it is not eternal (John 20: 22). It is essen- so always. Sometimes God draws tial that man should turn in true His people nearer to Himself repentance to God, and know his through pain and suffering. The real self as seen in His presence, Cross is necessary for spiritual life otherwise the danger is twofold: and growth. If pain and suffering either he will be deprived of the had not been good for His people, bliss of God's sweet Presence, or God would have wiped them from being filled with that same Pres- the face of the earth at once. If ence and His peace, he may begin God does not wish us to be .free to imagine that he is God himself! from the Cross, then why should To know God and self, and to we try to escape what He intends obtain true life, it is necessary that for our good? Consider the grain man deny himself (Luke 9: 23, of wheat sown in the ground.

24). He who denies his own de- Before it appears above the soil sires and will in order to fulfil the and becomes fruitful, it must grow will of God, will become satisfied in the dark. This is the same with completely, and all the. cravings of us. In this world there is not only his soul will rest in that Will that day, but night also. No one can created him. By walking aecord- escape suffering; it is necessary to ing to our own will to satisfy pass through the valley of the self we destroy the capacity to shadow of death (Psalm 23: 4) for satisfy it. In other words, who- a longer or shorter period. But soever denies himself will find God true Christians who bear their and self and all that he needs, but Cross, "dying," yet they "live,"

KNOWING GOD AND KNOWING SELF

and in the midst of persecution strument for thinking and doing.

are like the leaves of a tree which So the Holy Spirit works and mani- fall in winter, only to appear in fests through a regenerated and renewed vigor in the spring, and consecrated life to carry out God's prove they are really living (2 Cor. purposes for the salvation of 4: 8-10, 6: 4-10). In spite of sor- others.

row and suffering their life is hid The Sun of Righteousness also in God. Like the Gulf Stream, reveals Himself through such per- which protects the northern lands sonalities. The pity of it is that from the severe cold by its warm His servants so often are content currents, so the hidden stream of to be like the moon, which only re- the love of God and the current of flects the borrowed light from the the Holy Spirit protect and, keep sun to lighten the dark nights.

His people warm and content. Again, it often causes an eclipse by When a man of God knows him- coming in between the earth and self as he is, he will not be proud the sun. In this way we also some- and highminded, for he realizes times come in between the "Sun of that no credit is due to him but all Righteousness" and the people of is due to the grace of God. There this world, and thus leave them in was once a philosopher who went darkness, and bring dishonor also to see a Christian saint, and asked: to His Name. We should be dili- "Why do people call you a saint?" gent and prayerful that the words The holy man replied: "It is only of Jesus may not be true of us: out of love and respect that they "If therefore the light that is in call me so, really I am only a sinner thee be darkness, how great is that saved by God's grace." The phi- darkness" (Matt. 6: 23). The losopher said, "If you are a sinner, Light of the world may dwell in us what is the difference between you and shine through us. We must and others?" The saint answered take care that the Divine Light in in the words of Socrates: "What- us may not be obscured (Matt. 6: ever I know I have learned to know 16). Jesus told us to let our light that I know nothing." The ques- shine before men that they may tioner said, "If you, being a phi- see our good works and glorify our losopher know nothing, what is the Father which is iJl. Heaven.

difference between you and or- If we know ourselves as God sees dinary people?" Socrates replied, us when we shall know our needs "The difference between me and also, and try our best whole- others is this, that I know I know heartedly to know Him, in whom nothing; whereas they do not even all our needs can be completely know that they know nothing!" satisfied. "The world hath· not The saint continued: "In the same known God" nor can those of the way there is this difference be- world know Him, but we know tween me and others; I know I am Him and so also do those to whom- a sinner, but they don't even know soever Christ, the Incarnation of that they are sinners and therefore Love, will reveal Him (John 17: they remain indifferent and care- 25; Matt. 11: 27).

less about their salvation."

Man's soul, which is far superior The work of winning the world to Christ is the most honorable service In to the body, can manifest itself which any human being can be employed. only by the mind, the sensitive in- -C. F. Schwartz.

3

SEMI-ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCH IN

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO BY REV. N. W. TAYLOR MissifJ'nary 011 the Presbyterian Ohurch, U. S. A.

M EXICO is receiving much rests lightly, intolerance reigns, space on the front pages of and those who disagree with the our newspapers, but a Roman Catholic Church must be great deal of what is being printed ready to suffer for their faith.

misrepresents the attitude of the A few personal experiences Calles Government towards reli- show the truth of this statement. gion. The hierarchy and their In a little mountain village, two friends have consistently presented days from the railroad, lived Guilthe Government as being antago- lermo. His life had been full of nistic to religious liberty. Nothing superstitious fears until he obis further from the truth. All the tained a Bible at one of the centers. Government asks is that the ac- As they read the Bible, Guillermo tivities of religious bodies be con- and his wife gradually came out of fined to their proper sphere. darkness into the knowledge of Christ. People remarked on their On the other hand, missionary non-attendance at mass, but only experience shows that the Roman Catholic Church is intolerant of their most intimate friends knew other religions. In the centers, the reason. One day an Evangelical where the government is respected Christian friend passed through and the law enforced, religious lib- the village. He had with him a erty, which is the law of the land, hymn-book and, as Guillermo knew is an actual fact. But back in the no hymns, promised to teach him a mountains, where the civil law few. Interested friends joined 870

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO

them, but as they sang these hymns few belongings, and escaped under a menacing crowd gathered at the cover of darkness. door and a shower of stones struck one of the women, injuring her Three days later he sat in my seriously. When the crowd had office and told me the tale. As he dispersed, Guillermo went to the concluded, he opened his small mayor of the village to protest bundle and removed a package against this unwarranted attack. which he handed to me saying, He was promised that the case "These are the savings of my lifeshould be dealt with on the morrow time. Please keep them for me but when he presented himself at until I can find a place where we the municipio he was arrested and can live in peace and worship God arraigned on two charges: first, as we desire." Instead of resentbringing the "devil's religion" to ment toward those who had treated the village, and thus causing a dis- him so unjustly he had compasturbance; second, causing the in- sion for them in their ignorance, jury of a villager. The actual cul- and in parting said, "I hope that prits were among the witnesses some day I may be able to return called to testify against him, and to my village and teach them about not a voice was raised in his de- the love of Christ." fence. Not only the believers in their That night he was informed that villages, but the missionaries and men, gathering on the outskirts of workers have had to face this inthe village, were planning tv at- tolerant attitude of the Roman tack the house and kill him. Real- Catholic Church. izing that he could expect no protection from the local authorities, Recently, when I was itinerating he hurriedly gathered together a in the mountains, we stopped for lunch by the side of a mountain stream. While we were removing A VIRGIN FIELD FOR DISTRIBUTING GOSPELS. A MARKET SCENE IN A MOUNTAIN VILLAGlII

the packs and saddles four drunken they asked me why it was we did pack-train drivers came down the not worship the saints and the road and paused to ask who I was. Virgin. I answered their questions and explained to them the way of "He is a Protestant missionary," salvation. Finally they accepted my boy replied. gospel portions and several tracts.

They exclaimed, "He is one of All seemed to be going well unthose whom the priest said we til I said that I was a friend of the should kill," and coming over to Mexicans. Then one of the men produced a bottle and demanded A. YOUNGEVANGELICAL WORKER that 1 drink with them. When I AND HIS FAMILY refused they again threatened me saying, "We have our revolvers, the side of the road where I was too." standing they said : "We are going to kill you." As I was unarmed, and they could easily see that I had nothing Iiiializing that I must put on a on my belt, I was at a loss to underbpld fiont I replied, "Well, go stand their reference. Then I ahead and try it." realized that they had mistaken for a revolver my vest pocket "Wait a bit," cautioned the camera, which hung on my belt. leader, "I have never met one of this sort before, and I would like "Drink with us or we will kill to ask him some questions. We YOU," the leader exclaimed. I recan kill him later." fused. With that they whipped out their knives to attack me. I Then followed a ten- or fifteen- grasped the wrist of the man nearminute conversation, during which est me. Springing back, I picked up a heavy stick that lay near by and placed my hand on my camera.

Having failed to catch me by surprise they hesitated to attack, fearing the "revolver" at my belt. After considerable verbal abuse they left us. As we sat down to lunch that day we lifted our hearts to God in thanksgiving for His pro- tecting care.

That evening I stopped with',a friend who is superintendent of a large mine. As we sat at the sup- per table I told him of my experi- ence in the afternoon, and ex- pressed my surprise that, in a country which guarantees reli- gious liberty to all, the priests should dare to incite the people against us. He hesitated a moment, and then replied: "It may surprise you more to know that the Bishop has written

to me, asking me not to receive Why, that is an accursed book. you missionaries as you journey We must take all this literature to this way." the priest."

I waited, wondering whether In about fifteen minutes the this was a gentle hint that we crowd returned armed and seized should go around by another way the boys' bag of books and their in the future. Then he continued: zarapes. They thrust the lads out on the street and told them to run. "I replied that it had always After they had gone a few paces been our custom to receive all our those of the crowd who had guns friends in our home no matter opened fire. The Lord, however, what their religious beliefs might protected them and they escaped be, and that we saw no reason to without injury. One of the colchange this custom. Furthermore, CHRISTIAN ENDEAVORERS IN A MOUNTAIN CO NGREGATION I allow no one·to dictate to me as porteurs ran off the road into a to whom I shall receive." deep canyon and, becoming lost, wandered without food for almost A few weeks later two of our a day before he found a friendly colporteurs stopped at an inn in a village. Later we learned that the little mountain village. They sold Bibles, Testaments, and Scripture a number of gospel portions to portions were burned in the public those who lounged about, and as square. the interest increased they produced a New Testament, explain- Roman Catholicism recognizes ing that all the Gospels were in it, no other religion than that of the and many other writings of the papacy and therefore to her, reli- Apostles. Next they brought out gious liberty means nothing more a Bible, but as soon as these men than freedom to practice her rites saw the Bible they drew back ex- and ceremonies to the exclusion of claiming, "La Biblia! La Biblia! all other faiths.

In spite of persecution, mission- Gospel. He visited them a number ary work in Mexico is progressing. of times and soon a congregation A surprising readiness to hear the was formed. He decided to move Gospel is experienced in all parts out and live amongst them and the of the country. Early one morn- work developed still more rapidly. ing we arrived at a mountain vil- Last year, while he was on furlage. On entering its outskirts, as lough, I had the joy of going out though prophetic of what was there to the dedication of their about to occur, the sun topped the new church. This is the first ridges in a burst of glory, and its Protestant church to be erected in rays soon penetrated the deepest that whole region. For weeks the valleys, driving away the lurking people had labored on the building shadows. We stopped for break- but when we arrived it was still infast, and while waiting for the complete. Some said that it was meal to be prepared, we gave out impossible to complete it before a number of tracts to the early Sunday, but we encouraged them risers who lounged about the inn. to attempt it, and suspending other It soon became evident that they work they all set to with a will and were interested, so we opened our by Saturday morning even the packs and took out a number of doors were hung. That afternoon gospel portions and some pamphlets the young people scattered far and which we also distributed. Before wide and returned with armfuls we left the village the leading man of boughs and flowers with which came to us to ask if it would be possible for us to send a worker to to adorn the interior. teach them more of the "new re- The following evening, at the call ligion." We readily consented and arranged that one of the lay- of the "cacho" (cow-horn), the workers should return in a few people began to come from every days. He did so and from the very direction, their white clothes markfirst had a large and interested ing them distinctly as they degroup of inquirers. About two scended the mountain paths in the gathering darkness. A hush of months later I returned and found expectancy swept over the people a congregation of about eighty people eager to hear more of the Word as they entered the church and of God. Amongst this number they went silently to their places. were most of the principal men of The women seated themselves on the village. They immediately their mats on the· floor and the formed a school and asked us to men took their places on the supply a teacher. This we gladly benches. It was a solemn meeting did and they paid seventy-five per and the presence of God was felt. cent of his salary. When I left the field last fall they were busily en- "The people that walked in darkgaged in collecting material for ness have seen a great light: they the construction of their church. that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath Four and a half years ago Mr. the light shined." This is true of Van Slyke, one of our missionaries, Mexico. The light is breaking and heard that in a village three-days' the dawn of a better day seems to ride from Oaxaca there was a small be at hand. But Mexico needs our group of men interested in the prayers that true religious liberty may become an accomplished fact throughout the country.

A SUCCESSFUL JAPANESE CHURCH*

BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri Vice-Pre8ldent 0/ the United Chri8tirm Missianrkry Society A CHURCH that partakes of on. The people all respond with the native soil, that has be- "Amen" at the close of prayers, accome "naturalized" and no cording to Japanese ideas. There longer seems to the people an im- is quiet and reverence in the Lord's ported thing, is the Tennoji Chris- house, as in their own temples.

tian congregation in Osaka, Japan. Visiting is done before and after It is as distinctly Japanese as the church. After Sunday morning kimono or Japanese art. service, lunch is spread in the back This church is Japanese directed. room, and plans are made over A Japanese pastor does all the chopsticks and tiny Japanese tea preaching. A Japanese board of cups.

officers conducts all the business Tennoji is an active church and and with the pastor makes all the the people carryon in their own plans. Japanese laymen and way, and in their own way honor women do all the work of the God. Men and women are not used church, from the Sunday-school, to working together outside of the down through the church Y. M. C. home, so they have Y. M. C. A., and A. and Y. W. C. A., the prayer Y. W. C. A. in the church, instead meeting, the ladies' aid, the chil- of Christian Endeavor. To introdren's meetings, and the church duce too rapidly our Western cusproper. The missionaries are vis- toms would cause criticism of the iting brethren and have no part in Christian for throwing down the the working of the congregation bars. The Y. W. C. A. does its unless asked to do so. The organist work quietly and in approved Japais a Japanese and the songs used nese fashion. The Y. M. C. A. are peculiar to Japanese tempera- meets each week and each Sunday ment-either written by their own evening conducts a street meeting. people or, if by a Westerner, se- Twice a month these young men lected because of their minor key conduct an evangelistic service for and Japanese movement. parents and graduates, at 'the kin- One is met at the door by a dergarten. Japanese reception committee, and the greeting is the low Japanese The pastor is a noble Japanese bow. The flowers are arranged ac- man, growing old now, but sweetcording to true Japanese flower ar- spirited and appreciative of the rangement taste; the cadence of young life of the church. The the responsive readings is Japa- young people enjoy the frequent nese; the women sit on one side hospitality of the little parsonage, and the men on the other; the where they sit on the mat floor, preacher wears the Japanese men's Japanese fashion, drinking tea and kimono and sandals; the members eating Japanese cakes, while they leave their street foot gear at the pray and plan together for the door and come in with soft "getas" Lord's work. Once a month the Y. M. C. A. takes the regular Sun- • From the World Call. day evening church service.

375

The Sunday-school has about one Tennoji is a firmly-established hundred in attendance, of whom church. The missionary might one half are adults. There are leave-that would make no differ- good, strong adult classes, taught ence. The church is a part of the by laymen of the church and land and the life of the people. It women's classes taught by women is a Japanese Christian Church. It leaders. Children's Day is "flower it not easy to become such.' Ten- day" according to Japanese custom. noji has chosen the harder, but the Japanese festival days are turned more apostolic way. The Japanese into Christian celebrations and are poor for the most part, and it adapted to the spiritual sanctions would be easier to have a chapel of Christianity. and preacher supported from The Tennoji Church is self- America. Their way is the way of supporting. The people pay their sacrifice, but it is eventually the pastor's salary and look after their only way fQr an indigenous Chris- own finances. They take their of- tianity in Japan or any other land.

fering regularly for home missions It is easy to take money from lov- and then help to spread the Gospel ing gifts in America and establish outside of. their own community. chapels and preaching points and They are self-respecting and be- pay the Japanese pastors from lieve that one of the main necessi- America, while they preach the ties of an indigenous church is to Gospel. Missionary work must be- bear its own burdens. Their ap- gin that way, but eventually, and preciation of what the missionary just as soon as possible, the and the Westerner have done for churches must be self-directing and them is deep, but they feel that self-supporting. No country has they are no longer children and can ever been evangelized through sub- walk alone. The members of the sidies from the Christian people of church do the necessary work another land, although evangeliza- around the building and take pride tion must begin in that way.

in it. Before the communion be- Does this mean that the mission- gan, the morning I attended, two ary is no longer needed? Not at of the leading men busied them- all. Eighty per cent of the Japa- selves polishing the floor around nese have never heard of Christ.

the pulpit and communion table, There is much pioneering to be where the wet morning and a few done. Then besides, the mission- children's feet had left marks. ary, who in the early days was Young men and women were busy pioneer, preacher, and full director at various tasks prior to the serv- of the missionary enterprise and ice. When men are beginning to the native leaders, is now a counse- think of baptism, they begin to help lor, a friend, working with and about the church building. It is a often under the direction of his sure sign. After they are baptized Japanese brethren. Churches like they are ready to speak publicly for Tennoji are bringing a new day for Christ. Christianity in Japan.

A BUDDmST DlITATION OF A CHRISTIAN HYMN "0 for a thousand tongues to sing "Buddha, the name that kills our fears, My holy Buddha's praise; That bids our sorrows cease; The glories of my teacher great, 'Tis music in the speaker's ears, The triumphs of his grace. 'Tis life, and health, and peace."

WE TRAIN 30,000 CONVERTS*

BY (MISS) M. A. LIVERMORE, Bulandshahr, United Provinces M,ssionary oj the M etholti.t Episcopal Ohurch, 1898- T HIS short review of the young and old between might eas- year's work is an attempt to i.ly learn it and make it a part of tell what our force of one their lives. Our ideal was, and is, hundred and fifty workers have to teach this prayer to every tried to do to help shepherd and Christian in the two districts. Ten train 30,000 Christians. thousand have passed and we are At the beginning of the year we trying to reach the remaining put before ourselves, as workers, twenty thousand.

five leading objectives. The first The third object was hymn and was Bible teaching, in the form of lyric singing. The little song book, Bible stories. These stories were born out of this mass movement about sin and its consequences, the work years ago, is still in: use. Saviour, the evils of drink, what This year at the Bareilly convenprayer does; God's protecting care, tion we "tried out" some new worship of God in prayer, and in hymns and lyrics that had recently song, and at Christmas and Easter come out of the life and experi- time the old, old story of Bethle- ence of some of our preachers and hem and of the empty tomb. To chaudhries. They were such a suc- teach these stories with effective- cess that the 500 copies taken to ness and blessing, all workers in the convention were all sold in ten the district, both men and women, minutes, and 5,000 might have were carefully trained. It was been sold. Requests began coming beautiful to see the way this in from our own and other mistraining reached the men, women sions to have the collection printed and children of the village as they for general use. During the sumretold the stories. Over 9,000 mer the Allahabad Tract Society passed in from one to nine stories. printed the first 10,000 copies. The preachers and Bible women These have been in use in some of who passed the highest number of the fall district conferences of this people were crowned at district area and the workers have taken conference, with garlands of In- home hundreds of copies for sale dian flowers. in the villages. The second objective was to teach every Christian man, wom- The people love to sing and an and child a short prayer. This when the singing is accompanied prayer was: "0 God, forgive my by their drums, violins, cymbals, sins, make my heart clean, bless etc., the effect is inspiring. The my loved ones, bless my village great majority of the village neighbors, for Jesus' sake, Amen." Christians cannot read, but they Very short, do you say 7 Well, it can learn by heart these hymns and lyrics which are saturated had to be short so that the tooth- with Christian truth and teaching. less old woman and the lisping These lyrics with their lilt and grandchild at her knee and all the rhythm and beauty are pushing it From The Inat"an Witness. out the low and unworthy songs 377

learned at mela and bazaar gath- develop in a surprising way. Again erings. and again when a chaudhri or other villager has recited the Bible The fourth objective was to story, bringing out the teaching teach the life of Christ. As in the with all its Oriental coloring, we short prayer, so with the life of have had to exclaim. "He would Christ, the aim is to reach the last have been a great preacher had he Christian of the district, so that found Jesus earlier!" We have no Christian man, woman or child found young men and some village may be found who does not know women who would have made fine the life of Christ in short form. preachers, Sunday-school teachers, We have been at this for nine or or Epworth League presidents had ten years and are still working. opportunity come their way. In 1922 a general examination was held. Nearly 6,000 passed. Since And so the village meeting then we have worked just as hard focuses the Christian teaching and on this objective, but have kept no trains in Christian worship. It account. It is thought that in a is the church service, Epworth year or two another district exam- League, prayer-meeting, and, in ination will take place and it is many villages, the Sunday-school hoped that one half of the Chris- of the village congregation. It is tian population will be able to attended not only by Christians, pass. The examinations are not by but by half the non-Christian popclasses but by individuals. This, ulation of the village. of course, entails an immense amount of work. The great objective of the year's work was to get these "ob- The fifth objective is the Jalsa, jectives" over to the village conor the holding of village meetings. gregations. The workers have It is easily understood that when tried. They are conscious of many the people have been prepared in failures. However, they feel that the above four objectives they are a mile-stone has been reached and ready to take part in a village all are eager to take up another meeting. The talking is not all year's work and thus to push on done by the preacher, Bible wom- to another mile-stone in shepherdan or missionary. The people- ing and training in Christian exmen, women and children-unac- perience these mass-movement customed to public speaking, Christians.

THE STEWARD'S PSALM The Lord is my Partner; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down and rest without worry about tomorrow; He leadeth me beside streams of the Water of Life. He restoreth my spiritual life through His Word; He leadeth me in the paths of right dealing and service to man for His Name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of dead churches and deficits I will not fear to go forward, for Thou art with me; Thy encouragement and Thy guidance comfort me. Thou preparest a table of opportunities before me in the presence of op· position; Thou anointest me with the spirit of joyful giving; my tithing en· velope runneth over. Surely Thy goodness and the blessings of Christian stewardship shall follow me all the days of my life, and I will spend all my days in promoting my Partner's business. Cost of Luxuries-According to ported last year to be $50,862,000 for financial fi~res of the Internal Rev- Home Missions and Church Extenenue office, America spends annually sion; $26,000,000 for Foreign Mis- the following sums for "luxuries" or sions (not including undenomina- "non-essentials": tional gifts); $14,323,000 for Sunday For face powder, cosmetics and schools and church education and, by perfumes, $750,000,000; for cigar- twenty-five Protestant denominations ettes, cigars, tobacco and snuff, $2,- alone $342,552,496 for congregational 110,000,000; for jewel r y, $500,- expenses and a total of $91,845,275 000,000; for joy rides, movies and for all benevolences.

races, $3,000,000,000; for furs, $350,- ** * 000,000; for chewing-gum, $50,- American Wealth–More than. $26,- 000,000; for· ice-cream, $250,000,000; 000,000,000 was on deposit in savings for luxurious service, $3,000,000,000. banks and trust companies of the Other items, make a total of $22,- United States on June 30, 1927. This 000,000,000 spent by America for is an increase of $1,368,094,000 over what the Government statistician calls last year. The growth in the number "luxuries." This Bum is over three of savings depositors is notable. In the hundred times more than is spent for thirty-six States reporting depositors missionary work and over fifty times the increase over last year is 1,592, the amount spent for aU church work. 544. The total number of savings de- *** positors reported in banks and trust Cost of War–In addition to the companies is 48,354,784 but fourteen great cost in suffering and in the loss state banking departments do not call of life or health, ,statistics show that for this information in their reports. " "* . before this generation and the next pay America's cost of the World War, Over 31,710 immigrant aliens were the total amount will be over $100,- admitted into the United States last 000,000,000. The treasury estimate October. Of these 5,102 were from of the actual cost today is $48,000,- Germany, 5,030 from Ireland, 6,342 000,000 or double what was estimated from Great Britain, 1,739 from Italy seven years ago. These figures in- and Sardinia, 2,086 from France and clude cost of military activities (six- 4,195 from Mexico. They included teen billion); naval activities (three 210 teachers, 167 engineers, 130 and one-half billions); interest on war clergy, 1,639 clerks and accountants, debt (eight billions); Veterans' Bu- 3,820 servants and 5,339 laborers.

reau (two and one-half billions) and """ other expenditures eighteen billions. Criminal Youth-An "astounding The War Veterans Bureau is the big- number of youths have embarked on gest item in the Cost of Government. careers of crime" in New York State, "" " and especially in New York City, said Cost of Religif.i'n-Church property John S. Kennedy. Chairman of the in the United States is reported by State Commission of Correction, in a the "Handbook of the Churches" to recent report.

be worth nearly three billion dollars "It has been truly said, 'The crim- ($2,820,222,000). The annual expend- inal of today is only the reckless, diffi- itures by all the churches were re- cult, unadjusted child of yesterday.'

379 Boys of sixteen and up to young men ten times as much as is needed for of twenty-one years of age overflow medicinal uses. our penal institutions, the major portion of them charged with all kinds of *** crimes of violence against persons and property." Prohibition and Business-In 1917 America was wet. More than 200,- "A student of criminal activity as- 000 saloons were destroying the thrift serts that although only 2 per cent of and efficiency of the American people. New York's population come in con- There were that year, 7,269 building tact with the law, charged with crime, and loan associations in the United 44 per cent of the crimes committed States with a total membership of 3,- are by boys under twenty-one years 838,612, and total assets of $1,769,- old. For the year ending June 30,1927, 142,175. In 1926 the total number of 227 boys between sixteen and twenty associations was 12,000 with a total were committed to state prisons, and membership of 11,275,000 and total 100 twenty-one years of age; 505 be- assets of $6,280,000,000. Prohibition tween these ages were sent to the New has been a big factor in the marvelous York State Reformatory at Elmira; growth of these financial institutions. 559 between sixteen and twenty-one, and 186 twenty-one years of age were Henry Ford says that prohibition committed to s tat e penitentiaries. has reduced the liquor problem among County jails received thirty-four six- his workers to a point where it can be teen years of age, 4,835 between six- easily handled. Before prohibition teen and twenty-one and 1,310 twenty- each group of 5,000 contained 100 who one years of age." gave trouble through drinking. Now, however, there are not as many as ten *** in each group of 5,000 who give trouble. The men are working more, Causes of Death-Heart disease was working better, wasting less and savthe greatest cause of death in America ing more. The wives are now getting last year. Next came pneumonia, in- what the saloonkeepers formerly reflammation of the kidneys, cancer and tuberculosis. ceived.

The death rate Der 100,000 esti- *** mated population was 1,222.7 in 1926 and 1,182.3 in 1925. Deaths from dis- Growth in Divorce-One divorce to eases of the heart increased from every five marriage licenses issued was 191,226 in 1925 to 209,370 in 1926, the the ratio in Chicago during three. rate jumping from 185.5 to 199.1 per months. In ten years the ratio of un- 100,000. Tuberculosis was the cause happy to successful marriages has of 91,568 deaths. doubled. Judges ascribe the increase chiefly to changing economic condi- *** tions and to departure from the old- fashioned family life with its teach- The Drug Evi/.–"No country suf- ings and its restraints. fers more from the narcotic drug evil than the United States," declared Dr. From bench, bar, church and civic van Dyke, recently. It is estimated and social organizations the cry is that there are at least 1,500,000 drug arising that the divorce evil "perhaps addicts in this country, many of them constitutes the greatest menace to boys and girls. American institutions."

As remedies, he advocates a restric- Last year there were 38,094 martion of the production of the opium riage licenses issued in Cook County poppy, and strict.er enforcement of ex- and 7,285 divorces granted. In eight isting laws. years the number of divorces granted has doubled, while marriages have in- This evil can be checked by inter- creased one eighth. In the past forty national cooperation in addition to years the ratio of divorces to mardomestic legislation. The poppy is riages has increased from one divorce grown to an amount that is more than in seventeen marriages to one in five.

Of THE

A wakening in Korea the people. At Yandukwon, the Christians fasted and prayed for T HE Koreans have, from the seven weeks before the special first introduction of Chris- services and spent one whole night tianity forty-five years ago, in prayer. Before the first service been peculiarly receptive of the the people spent three hours congospel message. Had it not been fessing their sins and asking forfor strong opposing forces, there giveness. The evidence of the is reason to believe that the whole power of the Holy Spirit coming land would have become Christian. on the Christians was their eager- Even now it exerts the most ness to win others to Christ. They powerful influence of any religion went to every house in the village or philosophy. The Church is pe- and the movement spread. culiarly vigorous and apostolic in its spiritual life and work. Dr. THE Mott has even said that Korean New Policies in Japan Christians are of the type that Presbyterian Board of would evangelize the world if other Foreign Missions has recently lands should lapse into heathenism. adopted the policy of reduc- The Korean Christian community ing subsidies for work carried on today numbers over three hun- under the Church of Christ in Ja~ dred thousand, or two per cent of pan, and of discontinuing subsidies the population – a much larger for new work. The Japanese Synod proportion than in China, Japan has accepted this policy beginning or India. But the work of evan- March 31st, 1928, when the Jap- geJization is progressing and over anese presbyteries will take over one million copies of scripture por- the supervision of aided churches tions are being sold annually in under the plan of decreasing the Korea.· There have already been subsidies from foreign funds. This distributed enough copies of the decrease will continue until the Word of God to supply one to mission subsidies disappear en- every man, woman and child of the tirely.

eighteen million Koreans. The Synod of the Church of Rev. M. B. Stokes, of the Meth- Christ in Japan is also considering odist Episcopal Church, South, a plan to recognize missionaries as writes that this year has been members of the presbyteries but marked by a new religious revival. without vote unless they occupy The Korean Christians themselves pastorates in Japan or are given are conducting the evangelistic voting privileges by the pres- campaigns and as a result interest bytery. The right to vote may be has greatly increased. The spirit limited to ordained men in charge of prayer is especially marked. of churches with fifty or more Power from God is working among members and contributing three 881

hundred yen or more per year. The largely fro m Christian homes. Japanese desire to have mission- There were eighty-five applicants, aries and their work entirely un- of good quality, one the daughter der the supervision of standing of a leading physician of the city. committees of the presbyteries. Mr. Spencer continues: "Not A committee has been appointed alone has fine devotion been called to consider the advisability of mak- forth from our Japanese brothers ing changes in the constitution and and sisters by our lack, but more canons of the Church with refer- and more we are being driven to ence to eligibility of missionaries' the more intensive spiritual min- istry, rather than the administravote in the presbytery and synod. tive work of the past. In the past While conditions are changing in few months I have repeatedly had Japan as elsewhere, the Japanese to decline calls for spiritual work Christian church leaders earnestly from sheer overcrowding of the desire foreign missionary workers schedule. The calls included a reto continue their help in evangeliz- turn engagement to the Girls' Coling Japan and in training future lege; a Bible class in the Post Office; spiritual addresses at our leaders. big Haketa railroad station; an- The Rev. Robert S. Spencer, mis- other possible class at the First Bank; all are waiting. 'Ye are sionary in Fukuoka, writes that the salt of the earth'-and as the Japanese colleagues plead for more Chinese girl explained it, salt help. They are not asking for makes people thirsty. Our real job money, but for the help that comes is being such excellent salty Chrisfrom the missionaries' personali- tians that all about us will be ties and message. "A pastor of thirsty for the Living Water." thirty-five years experience, Brother Sugihara, declared with tears in A Nanking Agreement his eyes that he had never seen such open doors, especially in the C HINESE Nationalist author- ities have finally reached an educational world, and that for agreement with the Amerimissionaries to leave now would be can Government on the Nanking striking a blow at the Japanese incident of March, 1927, when Dr. Church. He said: 'The mission- John E. Williams was killed and ary has an unique contribution much American property was de- stroyed. No demand has been which we need.' " made by the American missions for indemnity but the American It is significant that the faculty State Department made an agreeof the Government Girls' High ment by which the Nationalist School at Saseho recently awarded Government has given guarantee3 Bibles to the honor students. The and promise of compensation for faculty of Fukuoka Jo Gekko (a losses incurred. mission school) in an effort to minimize the entrance examination The Nationalist Government in evil, announced that applicants making amends for the attack on whose parents would pledge that Americans when Nationalists octheir children would take no other cupied Nanking, expressed "proexamination provided they wereadmitted to this school, would be taken first. It was expected that perhaps one half of the seventy students would corne that way,

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

found regret" at the indignities to General Chang, who was one of the American flag and to the Marshal Feng's leading generals American Government. It placed and a very earnest Christian evan- the blame on Communists, but as- gelist, said recently in an address, sumed full responsibility and guar- that Marshal Feng's visit to anteed Americans against further Moscow had deceived him in reagitation and similar violence. It gard to the real basis and charundertakes to make complete com- acter of Sovietism. While he has pensation for all damages, and a lost ground spiritually, yet Genmixed Sino-American commission eral Chang maintains that Marshal is to be set up to appraise the damages. Feng is still a Christian at heart and greatly needs the prayers of U. S. Minister MacMurray re- all Christians in his present very newed the statement of Secretary difficult position. Marshal Feng Kellogg of January 27, 1927, that has shown many evidences in the the United States stood ready to past of being a loyal follower of negotiate for a revision of its Christ. He has been the means of treaties with China when any dele- leading many Chinese soldiers into gation fairly representative of all the Christian faith and it is our China appeared for that purpose. hope and belief that he will yet be widely used to extend the Kingdom Who can tell how soon this will be? of God in China. Pray for him.

The Case of Marshal Feng It is reported that General Chang, his friend and former I N OUR March number refer- Chief of Staff, has resigned from ence was made to this famous his position in the army, because "Christian General" and to a of the very great difficulty of statement attributed to him to the maintaining his Christian standeffect that he is no longer a Chris- ards in that connection, and in tian. In view of other testimonies order that he may devote himself from him and about him, we are entirely to evangelistic work. He slow to believe the truth of this has sometimes been called "The statement. While Marshal Feng's Billy Sunday of China." stay in Moscow evidently clouded his vision and warped his judg- Opposition in Damascus ment, there does not seem to be any reason to believe that he has T HE French authorities in renounced his faith in Christ. That Damascus have recently, on he has backslidden from his former complaint of the Moslems, faith and works there seems to be closed the reading-room opened by no doubt. Marshal Feng is in a Pastor Nielson. The ground of very difficult position as a general complaint was a Christian book holding the balance of power in given to one or two Moslems at the midst of anarchy and strong their own request. The Moslems anti-foreign feeling in China. This are evidently alarmed for fear that feeling has turned Marshal Feng their co-religionists cannot withagainst foreigners, including many stand the influence of Christian missionaries, because of his belief literature. The authorities have that they are not unselfish friends also asked Pastor Nielson to leave of China. Damascus for a time.

Progress in the Philippines trated in the religious processions and ceremonies conducted by REMARKABLE progress has Spanish priests and friars! At been made in the Philipp~nes this Young Men's Conference last during the last twenty-eIght New Year there were gathered 469 years, since America has assumed delegates, of whom 195 were Protcontrol. From superstition, big- estants, 94 were Roman C~tholics, otry and intolerance the islanders 13 Mohammedans, 7 Aghpayans, have come into a large degree and 5 Buddhists. They included of enlightenment, openmindedness beside Filipinos, Chinese, Siamese, and freedom. From absolute dom- Japanese, Javanese and Ameriination from Spain and the Roman cans. Jesus Valenzuela, a young Catholic hierarchy the y have Filipino Christian leader, writes: gained their civil and religious "The main topic was 'The Chrisliberty. Their physical and edu- tian Socialization of the Indicational development make the vidual.' . . . There was a lot of transformation fro m the olden preparation for good citizenship days seem like a miracle. From at the conference. It afforded exmedievalism many districts of the ceptional training in leadership islands have advanced into twen- and fine fellowship. The confertieth century cleanliness, light and ence was also a contribution to power. New roads, better hous- student .and community morale. ing, segregation of lepers, hygiene Young men who are to become and sanitation, the development of future leaders of the country commerce and industry have made learned how to use religious ideals the country over. But the most in solving national problems." hopeful prospect is in the education of the youth into more en- Such conferences are of real lightened Christian ideals. value but they miss their high pos- sibilities if they fail to lift up One of the evidences of this Jesus Christ as the one Way of life progress is the Young Men's and wisdom and power, and His Christian Association Conference Gospel as the one way out of failheld at Baguio last January. What ure and death. This is the Gospel a contrast to the forms of religious that the Filipinos and the world instruction and eJCpression illus- needs.

A RECENT CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE IN THE PHILIPPINES LITTLE DROPS OF INK. LITTLE LINES OF PEN MAKE THE INDIA INKLINGS TELL US WHY AND WHEN I BEST MISSIONARY METHODS FOR marvel how you can expect to teach CHILDREN these little Crabs to walk straight in By MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH, Rochester, a mere hour one day a week, when on New York all the other six days of the week their mothers and fathers are walking so Author of "Merry-Go-Round," "A Ohlna crooked at home I" ShepherUe8B," Eto., Etc.

There is a very delicious tale of There is no story so applicable tc how, one day, the Fish became dread- missionary methods! For we realize fully worried over the way some little that "The world wa~k8 forward on the Crabs were walking. "But that isn't feet of little children" and we don't the way to walk, at all, my dears!" the want it to walk crookedly; yet every Fish cried earnestly, and instantly teacher knows that all the very simple started a class to show them exactly understandable ABC's she teaches on how. The little Crabs were just as a Sunday about such big issues as much in earnest over it so that the "race relations," "international ap- Fish sent them home exultantly: preciation," and "world fellowship" ''You're getting the knack! Come back can be shattered in the first half hour next week and we'll show you some after the child reaches home. more." It would seem, therefore, as if like But the next week, alas! the gait of charity-Best Missionary Methods for the little crabs was as woefully side- children should begin at home. The wise as ever; indeed week followed Cradle Roll, Kindergarten and Priweek with new lessons which seemed mary superintendents can do an into be learned faithfully at the time, valuable piece of education in this only to appear quite forgotten the next connection, fostered by the Woman's week. Missionary Society and the Girls'

So the Fish did what all good teach- Mission Club in preparing some of the ers have done since the world began, material necessary, basing their pro- -they held a conference with a meth- cedure on three very simple premises: ods class, which was addressed one day by a perfect whale of a Fish: 1. MOTHERS LOVE BABIEs! There- fore, why not send (or loan) leaflets, "Ladies and gentlemen," said he, "I stories, books, and pictures, collected 4 385 in the most attractive manila enve- ating mothers, calling it perhaps "The lope, about babies of other lands, to Hand That Rocks the Cradle": What all mothers with babies on the Cradle does that hand want for the little Roll? It may be necessary to augment cradle roller? The children themthe number of Cradle Roll callers by selves should be entertained by games volunteers who feel this service is and stories in another room, otherwise significant enough to warrant several the mothers will have their attention calls a year, instead of the usual seriously divided! A church in New annual visit. Asia, The National Geo- York recently gave "Just Suppose" at graphic, and denominational missionary magazines, as well as denomina- a mothers' and daughters' banquet. tionalleaflets, all have unusual pictures This little play is in "Short Missionary of babies and mothers the world Plays" published by the George H. around. Books such as "The Child in Doran Company, New York. A Presthe Midst," "A Straight Way Toward byterian church in Rochester, New Tomorrow," "Please Stand By," and York, has had for years an organiza- "Lotus Buds" have pictures and sto- tion known as "Mothers of the Temries about young children sure to in- ple," with regular meetings for the terest a mother. Every loan or every gift of material should be accompanied discussion of all the problems a mother by a special personal letter, addressing faces in bringing up children in a the mother intimately and telling with Christian way. Any number of all the charm and whimsicality pos- churches today have parents' classes; sible the desire of Christian women to it would seem as if every little while bring the ends of the world into one they could and should get better perneighborhood of warm acquaintance, spective on their own problems by and here is a beginning: "To intro- looking at the whole world of little duce to you the mothers and babies of children. Surely several meetings other lands, so that you may love them could well be given over to the study a little more, and worry over them a of how the children of today may best little more, and want them to share meet their world tomorrow in a Christhe best you have a little more than tian way. you have ever wanted this before!" (1) Are we satisfied with the pres- There is the added suggestion of ent average church member, as such? having a Young Mothers' Party in Does he see things "in the large," or your church once or twice a year, is Jesus' way of life an enigma to him? sponsored by the Woman's Missionary How can this "way be made straight" Society and the Cradle Roll and Kin- in the hearts of parents first, and then dergarten. The writer remembers a in the hearts of children? What did Valentine Party when a large red Jesus come to do? heart was given to each mother when she entered, with the beguiling picture (2) If the word "missions" is taboo, of some little foreign baby on it, an why? Because some straight-laced interesting leaflet or a typed story of narrow souls once created prejudices that baby pasted on the other side of in our heart, is that any reason why the heart-its quaint name, what that we should be unwilling now to let name means, customs in regard to Christianity loose in the world through naming, feeding, amusing, and dress- radiant lives? What else is missions ing the baby, etc., etc. For the program but everybody everywhere learning to cradle songs of all nations were sung follow Jesus Christ? What Christian by "mothers" of all nations, in cos- honestly dares to object to this? tumes, several of whom then told the life stories of their children. A simple (3) What ways are there of making and almost impromptu dramatization world friendships inescapably intercould be worked up by such imperson- esting and vital in the lives of boys and girls?

(4) If mothers dread another war and its toll of sons, what connection is

METHODS FOR WORKERS

there between world missions and ing…..and wouldn't the Honorable world peace'1 Two quotations are apt: Mist! You like to have her other dolls "In hearts too young for enmity There lies the way to make men free; take a pretend trip to Japan-it would When children's friendships are world· mean packing a pretend trunk, sailing wide in a pretend ship, landing in a pre- New ages will be glorified. tend Japan, having pretend tea-parties Let child love child, and strife will and meeting this very real enclosed cease, Miss Plum Blossom; etc., etc. By Disarm the hearts, for that is peace." suggesting enough things to do, and by giving a book of stories also sug- Someone has said: "I can never feel gestive of further developments one hate for any nation if I have even one can really "start something." The /1-iend who is a member of it. I think of that friend and I cannot hate."

Perhaps a debate on this thought would be most stimulating in a par· ents' class: "Resolved, that Christian missions can do more to promote world peace than disarmament." For books see "On Earth-Peace," "World Missions and World Peace," and the magazine, The World Tomorrow.

(5) Sometimes the review of a book is an eye-opener to a new conception of the world. Such books as "Mother India," "Things As They Are," "Thinking Black," "Up from Slavery," "The Debt Eternal," "New Paths for Old Purposes," and a dozen others cannot help but challenge the respect and sympathy of intelligent persons.

So much for what can be attempted with parenthood. Now for childhood!

2. CHILDREN LOVE NEW PLA.Y- MOTHERS LOVE INDIAN BABIES THINGS. This second promise is so possibility of dolls of other nationaliself-evident that it is curious we have ties then occurs to you: the dressing not used the fact more largely in the of them is always fun, the finding of spread of missionary interest. For the suitable stories to accompany them, Mysterious Charm of Bundles could and the penning of an intriguing letbe such an ally! There are always ter of suggestions is equally interestbirthdays, Christmas, sick-at-home ing work. A little girl who really times, when something arriving at the loves dolls is a mother to them; when front door done up in ribbons can be once she has loved a doll of another so very intriguing! Perhaps a doll- nationality she has quite literally is there any earthly reason why American girls must receive only American dolls? Japanese curio shops have such fascinating and reasonable Japanese dolls of all sizes-tiny dolls to be tied on the backs of larger dolls, both to be accompanied by a book or booklet of missionary stories about Japan, with a special personal letter written to "Honorable Dear Miss You!" explaining how and why "we" are arriv-

started developing an "international Along somewhat the same line is mind." the "Thank You" Contest, which cre- ates international thinking as far as A further idea along this line is indebtedness goes, to the ends of the fully as effective, the preparation of earth. Give to each pupil in the class, Loan Boxes containing dolls, model or department, a long strip of cardhouses, stories, etc., only one nation- board. At the top he is to draw a picality to a box. which may become ture of his own home, and underneath known as the China Box, the India to make a list of the various things in Box, the Mexico Box. It is in the it, by rooms: "In the hall is-" etc. preparation of this material that a Then opposite the articles he is to Woman's Society and a Girls' Club can write the places where the objects be asked to cooperate. The work will properly came from originally, with be amusing, and the need for secrecy as much of the procedure of obtaining and mystery makes one seem like a them as he can discover. The best list Santa Claus on a world scale, creating will, of course, be the fullest. Omit a very warm-hearted feeling between the dining-room and pantry from this departments and groups. The boxes list. can be kept two weeks and then exchanged for other playthings. A second development will be an- other long strip of colored cardboard, For older boys and girls there is a at the top of which is to be pasted whole range of other possibilities, a picture of the boy or girl, with a e.g., jig-saw puzzles, mount large pic- list to follow of his wearing apparel, tures with a special significance as to jewelry, etc., where obtained, etc. race and interesting situations (or maps surrounded by small but graphic A third long strip of cardboard can pictures) on fairly heavy cardboard, be headed: "My Daily Bread" with and cut out in unusual shapes. Give the picture of a table spread for a one such picture to each pupil in an meal. This can be interestingly deenvelope to be worked out at home, veloped with colored advertisements and then have a Short Story Contest found in the various women's magaon each picture–what do you suppose zines, where sugar and olives and it is all about? Where is it happen- dates and oranges, tea and coffee and ing? Who are these people? Why? fruits and vegetables are so often pic- When? etc. The pupils are to take tured, and even their sources shown. home an envelope each Sunday and re- In fact, pictures on the two other lists turn it with their original story the will add greatly to the fun of preparfollowing week, then take another, ing them. (In a group of Junior High and another. Great interest can be Girls the suggested headings for these aroused over this "World Acquaint- three discussion topics, which were to ance Plan" both in the church, and in be simply dramatized instead of posthe home, if deacons are asked to be terized, were: "The House Beautiful," the judges of one picture and all the "The Perfect Lady," and "The Wellstories about it; trustees of another; Balanced Meal," the latter to be ushers of a third; men's Bible class brought in balanced on a tray by girls of a fourth; etc. A special Sunday in costume, impersonating the world session could be set aside when each workers who obtained the commodipicture could be thrown on a screen ties. For suggestions see Chapter II by a Balopticon, while tihe winner of the current Junior textbook "Please reads aloud the story adjudged the Stand By.") best on that picture. With appropriate hymns and Bible readings, and These few suggestions show how the special invitations to parents to at- missionary interest, like a game of tend, considerable value can be derived tennis, can be volleyed back and forth from such a continuous plan covering from the school to the home. A third a number of weeks. general scheme is more obvious: S. Boys AND GIRLS LOVE TO READ.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Yet the churches which write into all ages. If children are to know, their annual budgets any amount they must read. "Give ye them to whatever for the training of world read," as Paul said to Timothy. Christians could be counted on the fingers of two hands. There are so SPEAKING OF BIRTHDAYS. Several demany thrilling tales of adventure and nominations print missionary prayer heroism in Christian missions which calendars with the birthdays of the boys and girls enjoy that it seems a missionaries listed day by day. One year the writer tried an interesting pity for more churches not to be tak- experiment-she had a list of every ing a definite step to acquaint them pupil in the department, with birthday with the wonders and glories of the dates and addresses. By arranging greatest adventure in the world. In these in order and referring to the case neither church nor school authori- same date in the prayer calendar it ties have tried to do this, the person was possible to select a missionary for reading this article is herewith chal- every scholar; and on the proper date AN INTERESTING CHINESE FAMILY lenged with the task! Make a list of a picture postcard of the missionary's all the persons you can approach for country was mailed, saying: "This is the donation of a book-perhaps if to wish you a wonderful birthday and they bought the book individually, and to tell you that celebrating with you read it, and inscribed it as their gift, on the very same day is So-and-So it might do double duty, so have an- from Such-and-Such-a-Place," adding other list of books sure to thrill. something both entertaining and curi- Among the very best are: "Living- osity-provoking about either the place stone, the Path Finder," "Ann of or the person. The next day a follow- Ava," "Judson, the Pioneer," "Ugan- up envelope arrived, containing an da's White Man of Work," "The White interesting leaflet about the country Queen of Okoyong," "The Life of or a story about the people there-al- John G. Paton," "The Book of Mis- ways with a gay personal remark to sionary Heroes," "Bearers of the give the intimate appeal: "Here's Torch," "The Black Bearded Barba- some more about So-and-So, your rian," "The Moffats," all of these biog- birthday partner!" Sometimes a third raphies. There are numberless books envelope and leaflet was sent on the of stories and adventures suitable for third day. The plan was an over-

whelming success as far as interest on the wall might begin by being only went, for birthdays are such personal a very large piece of paper. Then, occasions that it is flattering to share like Carey's home-made map opposite them with someone celebrated and im- his cobbler's bench, this one may be portant in the world. allowed to grow bit by bit as each new A simpler plan, considerably easier Sunday sees another country drawn in on the teacher (!) and more stimulat- by the pupil who has selected it for ing to the imagination, would be to "his" missionary. In any case, even have such a prayer calendar kept on on a regularly printed map, the schol- a reference table, provide each pupil ar should write his name on the coun- with a sheet of colored cardboard and try where his missionary lives.

start a contest on "Who Has The Most PARTIES ARE A MISSIONARY ASSET!

Interesting Birthday?" On the poster If you have ever groaned over "hav- should appear the birthday date, and ing" your class at your home for a anything else which lays claim to in- party, because Junior girls are so hard terest, such as certain world events to entertain, then you may be inter– which occurred that date, a mission- ested in a "Dress-Up Box" the writer ary's birthday, pictures of nis adopted has long been adding to, wnere her country and the people there, etc., etc. own class used to solve the party prob- The display of such posters in their lem month after month after month by calendarial order around the walls of dressing up-one as a trained nurse, the department room should prove one as the gorgeous Mrs. Silver Money very stimulating to missionary inter- Bags (with a purse full of silver paper est, especially as the dates fall due money!) others as Hindus, Chinese, when the scholar for the day has five Immigrants, etc. This motley crew minutes to explain his poster, locating instantly wanted to know who they his missionary on a world map, and were, where they came from, and so making his date as interesting as pos- many other hows and whats and whys sible. The choice of a suitable hymn that it meant many a story hour by should belong to the birthday child, the fireside, many a guessing contest and the prayer for the day should link cleverly gotten up on the various that child with that far-flung other countries, many a new game evolved person whose life of usefulness may to focus the attention on a desired seem so full of color and of wonder. point. There were impromptu dramat- Can't you picture some clever girl ics, where Mrs. Silver Money Bags printing hers like a cross- stitch sam- often saved the day by her generosity.

pler with many colored X's to form Certainly other clothes created a truer the words: JAN E S MIT H, HER interest in other nationalities, and B I R T H DAY, with a picture in a many gift boxes were sent nere, there, medallion of some quaint old heroine, and everywhere, and much money perhaps Ann Hasseltine Judson, who, given for projects which had become on such and such a date, 200 years suddenly dearer to their hearts.

ago set sail in an equally quaint old CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL MIND sailing vessel, shown in another medal- THROUGH SERVICE ACTIVITIES. In the lion, for Burma, represented by palm opening months of 1927, an entire de- trees and a hut-on-stilts. Then a nomination of children grew greatly modern ocean liner, the name of the interested in a project presented to living missionary, a picture of his them first on thl! children's page of country, etc., etc. their denominational paper. Week by On the reference table should be week for two months new articles, and kept a list of compiled missionary the printing of their OWn letters in dates and such reference books as reply to these articles, aroused such ''Wonders of Missions" (Mason), and real interest that $550 was easily "Missionaries Every Boy and Girl raised for getting books translated Should Know" (Johnston). The map for the bookless children of the Ori-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

ent. The articles were based on the sketch on page 90 of the textbook also facts given in Chapter V of "Please on the sheet, showing the world's Stand By," the Junior study book for bookcase, one side full, one side empty. 1927-28-showing that boys and girls in the Orient have no story-books, and (3) There was a poster contest, with need them badly! To facilitate the practical appeals for the bookless, sending of gifts in small amounts the judged by the chairman of the Board use of new postage stamps was sug- of Education and two others. gested; instantly the shower started -over $62 the first week! Those de- (4) There was a slogan contest, with siring to duplicate such an experiment, denominationally, may consult back two slogans tied: "No Bookless Coun- try," and "Say It with Books, But Say It with Ours."

(5) There was a five-minute session SOME HAVE BOOKS-SOME HAVE KO],;E, SURELY ~m!ETHING SHOULD BE DONE!

numbers of The Baptist, from the is- spent in giving famous quotations sue of November 13, 1926 for a month about what books are and what they or so thereafter. do.

One local church decided to raise (6) There was another ten-minute $200 for its own translation, and (1) session when a play was given! "The there were four-minute speeches on Book That Fell Through the Earth" the bookless situation, each Sunday, (see Everyland for June, 1927). in every department of the school. (7) There was a splendid final pro- (2) There was the singing of an gram for collecting into a bookcase the original school hymn every Sunday to tiny book-banks (made by a class of the tune Regent Square: Junior High girls) filled with money -nearly $195.* Father, we Thy children thank Thee For the books we love to read- Mention must be made of the now famous Japanese Doll project and the They are keys to wisdom's treasure soon-to-be-famous School Bags for Opening all the lore we need; Mexico; with Lindbergh's recent flight there the imagination of thou- They are trips to lands of pleasure, sands of boys has already centered on Father, books are friends indeed. Mexico; utilize it; help them to "fly" there too! But we hear today with sadness Of the children far away, • Send all money to Miss Alice M. Kyle, Treasurer, Committee on Christian Literature Who are bookless, and we wonder in the Orient, 16 State St., Framingham Cen· If Thou art not saying; "Speed ter, Mass.

And undo this needless blunder, Christian, give ye them to read."

The words were mimeographed in large numbers, with the pen and ink

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK LAW ENFORCEMENT speaking people. But the demand of the railroads and the beet industry for The resolutions passed by a meet- Mexican labor has drawn our parishing of the Woman's National Commit- ioners northward up the Mississippi tee for Law Enforcement held in Valley to Chicago, has scattered them Providence, Rhode Island, May 10-11, throughout the Great Lakes Region, 1927, were carefully considered at the and even pushed them on eastward as annual meeting of the Council of far as New York and New England. Women for Home Missions. After The Mexican is a familiar figure in changes in phraseology they were the employment offices of Chicago. Detroit has its Mexican colony. New heartily adopted as follows: York City is reported to possess be- tween two and three hundred thousand As members of our respective political Spanish-speaking residents. The "solid parties, we pledge ourselves to use our South" is perhaps the only section of utmost endeavors to secure: the country still uninvaded. But Texas is beginning to spill some of its 1. Such presidential and other candi- Mexicans into Louisiana, and Florida dates as shall through their public has its large colony of Cubans. pledges and private performances uphold the Eighteenth Amendment. The possible restriction of Mexican immigration to the United States is 2. Platforms and candidates that rapidly coming to the forefront of stand unequivocally for the support of public interest. Employing interests, the Constitution of the United States. agricultural and industrial, are op- posed to any limitation in the number 3. An administration-federal, state, of entries. But notwithstanding their and local-free from bribery, patronage protests, sentiment for restriction and corruption, pledged to honest enforcement of laws, by men who are for the law and who shall be given sufficient power to be able to fulfill their duty.

If this means the Eighteenth Amendment an issue in the 1928 elections, then we are prepared to make it an issue.

SPANISH-SPEAKING WORK seems to be gaining ground. As long as he comes in such numbers, the Mex- By CHARLES A. THOMPSON ican can but slowly adjust himself to Ours is the privilege of working at American life; further, the new ar- a growing task. The number of Span- rival serves to overstock the labor ish-speaking people in the United market and keep down the wages of States is constantly increasing. Coin-" the resident Mexican.

cident with the Immigration Act of If restriction is effected, we must 1924, there took place a decided reduc- strive that it in no way reflects "UpOn tion in the number of Mexican entries. Mexico's prestige or injures Mexican- But each subsequent year has shown American relations. These latter have a definite increase in the number of undoubtedly shown an improvement Mexican immigrant aliens admitted. during the past year. The tension in In 1925, 32,964 entered; in 1926, 42,- the dispute concerning the oil and 638; and this last year, 1927, the land laws has lessened. The religious figure was 66,766. Save for one year, conflict rests at present in a deadlock, 1924, when we received 87,648 Mex- with no immediate prospect of solu- icans, this is the largest number of tion. It has served to" transfer to this entries in all our history. country a considerable number of We are engaged in a task which is priests and nuns, many of whom have now nation-wide. The Southwest still found employment in the churches and holds the majority of our Spanish- schools of the Southwest. The selec- 392 tion of Dwight W. Morrow, as our There are over 800 different enternew ambassador, has had a most fa- prises located at 800 different points; vorable effect. In his speech to the boarding and day schools number American colony of Mexico City, he thirty-four. As befits good seed sown reminded them of the words uttered in good soil, the work is growing with twenty years before by Secretary of astonishing rapidity. State Elihu Root during his visit to Mexico: "You not only represent your Interdenominational Conncil on country, but you have a duty to perform toward the country in which you Spanish-Speaking Work live. While you continue to be good, loyal American citizens, you should be The office of Executive Secretary good loyal Mexican residents." In the was instituted in December, 1924. same spirit we may call upon the Mex- Perhaps the most concrete, though not icans in the United States, while they the most accurate way of measuring continue to be good loyal Mexican the growing importance of this work citizens to be also good loyal American is the amount of financial support ac- corded to it. The amounts are as folresidents. lows: 1924-1925, $400.00; 1925-1926, Steady and encouraging progress, $1,540.68; 1926-1927, $3,349.58. These totals include both the amounts given under the blessing of God, has been for the office of Executive Secretary made by all the denominations at work. and for Nueva Senda, the monthly A spirit of optimism rules. The eyes paper in Spanish. of faith see great victories in the future. The El Paso Congress, which Nueva Senda seems steadily making met in December, 1926, emphasized a more secure place for itself. We the basic importance of Spanish-speak- are striving constantly to improve and ing work, and its discussions helped strengthen it. Through the generous to define and clarify partially many of cooperation of Dr. Worth M. Tippy, Secretary of the Commission on the our problems. Church and Social Service of the Fed- The greatness of our task is making eral Council of Churches, Nueva Senda is publishing a series of four-page for us unified effort and cooperative supplements, dealing with the social enterprises. Space permits us to men- problems which affect the Mexican imtion but a few examples. In Pasadena, migrant. The first supplement pub- lished in August discussed the social California, where the Methodists have ideals of the Protestant churches; the been allocated the responsibility for second, published in connection with Mexican work, a student from the the December issue, is devoted to Baptist Seminary is assisting the child labor. Methodist pastor. This past year witnessed the organization in Chicago of In recent issues, Rev. Guillermo A. a joint Congregational-Presbyterian Walls, widely and favorably known church for the Spanish-speaking peo- for his pUblications in the field of reple. The Southern California Mexican ligious education, has edited a young Sunday School Association, embracing people's page. Mr. Alberto Rembao has rendered effective services to all the evangelical denominations ex- Nueva Senda. He has carried the cept one, continues to exert a unifying greater part of the editorial work in influence. In Wichita, Kansas, the Spanish, and his counsel has been of union church under the supervision of value in determining the policy of the the local Council of Chur·ches, pros- paper. Natural literary facility and previous journalistic experience fit him pers. for increasingly fruitful service in Few missionary fields can report as this field.

much definite progress as can our en- Nueva Senda should be pushed, as deavors among the Spanish-speaking an organ of interdenominational acpeople of the United States. More than 22,000 communicant members are now enrolled in 888 churches.

quaintance, of instruction in practical In the years following, there was no methods of evangelism and religious regular organization or meetings.

education, and of spiritual inspiration However, in 1911, a Missionary for the advance of the whole Kingdom. Union was organized, having a con- Two more excellent tracts have come stitution and by-laws, and holding at from the pen of Dr. J. H. Heald and least one meeting each year. The Day have been published by the American of Prayer is observed, the MISSIONARY Tract Society. They are entitled (in REVIEW, Everyland and the women's Spanish) "What Christians Think of missionary magazine of each denomi- the Church" and "What Christians nation represented are placed on the Think of Society." Already they have tables of the city reading room, and received a cordial welcome. books are added each year to the mis- We learn to work together by actu- sionary alcove of the city library. At ally working together_ Such associa- the present time, there are 541 memtion brings a more realistic apprecia bers in the Union, and, during the past tion of the difficulties of our coopera- year, the contributions amounted to tive ventures. But it also results in $3,336.

the recognition of our growing unity CHURCH ARCHITECTURE and interdependence. We are close'

together than we realize. We know Statement by a Constituent Board of the Home Missions Council each other better. We love each other more intelligently. Perhaps, also, we We believe the time is at hand for have come to share more of the spa the Church to take an advanced stand cious spirit of our Master, who prayed in the whole matter of church build- that we might all be one. ing. We should no longer suffer ugly and inadequate buildings to be erected.

FORTY-EIGHT YEARS AGO Ugliness, slovenliness or unsuitable ar- By MARY L. TRESSLER NEWCOMER rangements should be looked upon as evidence of irreverence and careless- At our request, Mrs. C. B. Newcomer, ness in sacred things. Historian-Librarian of the Union in Carthage, Illinois, gives this interesting Your church edifice as a center for glimpse into the past. The young girl ministry of worship, evangelism, inwho recorded these minutes of the meet- struction, fellowship and service ing in 1880 later became a missionary in merits the best possible planning and India. We would be glad to hear from care. It should concretely represent other wo men's interdenominational the faith that gave it expression_ As groups which have record of meetings or a sanctuary, the very architecture committees before 1910.

On August 24, 1880, upon the invita- should tend to induce the spirit of rev- tion of Mrs. Peter Wanner, wife of the erence and worship. As a school and Methodist pastor, the missionary so- social building, it should efficiently cieties of the Presbyterian, Methodist, care for the standard educational pro- Baptist, Episcopalian, Christian and gram of your church.

Lutheran churches of Carthage, Illi- Recognizing that the building of nois, met in the Lutheran church in a churches is a highly specialized task, union service. No records of this in which many otherwise good archi- union have been preserved, but the tects are unskilled, we urge the selec- minutes of the Lutheran society give tion of architects who understand a detailed account of this early ven- something of the history of church ture. The program included devo- architecture, who appreciate the archi- tional exercises, several essays, a se- tectural features making for reverence lected reading and discussions on the in worship, who thoroughly under- following subjects: "How shall we in- stand the demands of a modern church terest the young ladies?" "How shall program and who have had actual and we best secure regular attendance of successful experience in the building membership?" of churches.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MESSAGES FROM OTHER LANDS We are presenting with this num- MISS MABEL CRATTY ber brief paragraphs from the addresses of three nationals who thrilled college of which she was a graduate all our hearts at our annual meeting she was called by one who knew her this year. Miss Wu is taking her welI- Ph.D. at the University of Michigan and has been invited to be the President of Ginling College. Miss Esperanza Abellera, a sweet songbird from the Philippine Islands, is one of the young leaders whose career we will follow with deep interest, and Miss Habboob is the first Mohammedan woman to come to America from Syria to study medicine that she may fit herself to go back and help the chi! dren and women of her loved land. I wish all our readers might have heard these marvelous messages. In later editions of the Bulletin we will hear from others.

In recording the homegoing of our beloved Miss Mabel Cratty we do it with a deep sense of loss which will be felt around the world by the missionary women.

Mabel Cratty – International States- "Seer of visions and doer of deeds to the end that life shall be more woman complete for women every- where; The tinal test of leadership is whether or not the influence and in- Poet and philosopher, whose every spiration go on when the leader stands judgment points to whatsoever apart in the clear light. of eternity. things are beautiful; There is for all women working either at home or abroad in the enterprise Explorer of the hearts of women, of foreign missions a continuing in- discovering them to themselves; spiration in the life of Mabel Cratty, the niece of a great missionary bishop, Teacher of life, whose scholarly Dr. James M. Thoburn of India, and guidance has led many in the the executive secretary of the Nation- paths of truth; al Beard of the Young Women's Christian Association from its organization International stateswoman, whose in 1906 to the time of her death on citizenship is of the world; February 27, 1928. Friend of God." When she was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by the Miss Cratty was a stateswoman in international affairs not only because of her place in an international 01.'- ganization with representatives . at 395

work in many lands but most of all colors. But the religion is too perbecause there were no geographical or sonal and fundamental in the concepspiritual limits to her capacity for tion of life, and if we want it to liave fellowship. Her delicately adjusted a fundamental and real value to the sensitiveness to human need and her Chinese mind, it has to be reintertender compassion for all human be- preted by that mind, and that depends ings made it inevitable that she should upon Christian education." think not merely of women in the United States, but of women every- Miss Wu further spoke of the need where. This inevitable world-minded- for Chinese hymns, and closed her ness, rooted in the depth of her address with the slogan of Pastor Wu character, is a quality in Mabel Cratty -"China for Christ and Christ for that will have an abiding influence on China." those with whom she worked or came into touch and through them upon or- Miss Esperanza Abellera of the Phil. ganizations united in the task of making world fellowship. ippine Islands Miss Yifang Wu of Ginling College "I am glad for the commission of Christ, glad for the words, 'All na- Miss Wu spoke of the time of the tions'; for that means that my people looting of Nanking when one of the are included. America sent mission- Chinese young women at GinIing, aries to my country and a people who arguing against the caution of the for centuries lived in darkness have American faculty for them announced seen the Light-lives have been transthat they had counted the cost, that formed, homes sanctified, communities they knew there was a certain risk made better. There has been great of life and reputation and ended by educational and economic development. saying, "If to die for the cause of Much remains to be done. It would Christian education in China is not be a tragedy to withdraw missionaries a worthy cause for sacrifice, what is?" from the Island at this time. Multi- tudes are still unreached-the Moros, Miss Wu showed that through that Igorotes, and others. The growing time of difficulty those Ginling stu- Church in the Island is already senddents were able to demonstrate to the ing out its own missionaries to unsoldiers that the trained Christian touched fields. The student mind is students were as Chinese and as pa- open. They are hungering and thirsttriotic as they who fought for democ- ing for righteousness. We must give racy and the Chinese cause. them that which will satisfy. The church in America can afford to go Miss Wu spoke of the many posi- the second mile in missions. I would tions of leadership to which Ginling like to go back home with the assurgraduates had risen in time of need ance that you will stand by us to the and stressed the need of the work for end. The call I send out comes not these Chinese leaders. only from me but from multitudes in the Philippine Islands who are still "Now we hear of this great move- waiting for the message of salvation." ment for having a Christian Church in China," said Miss Wu. "This marks Miss Sanniyeh Habboob of Syria a new day in the Christian movement in my country, not only because all "I am the first woman who comes the forces would be united, but also from a Mohammedan family to study because the Christian Church in China medicine in the United States. From will have its own way of interpreting the harem to the hospital! From a deits faith. We know when Christianity pendent life to an independent life! was brought to us it came from the From the seclusion of a Mohammedan West; necessarily it came through home to a medical college! Why study Western interpretation and in its medicine and not something else? I

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

had the first chance. I was nine years release their minds from being only old. I stayed in school four years. servants, without hope or outlook. It There was great opposition because I is these things that make any diffi- was the first Mohammedan girl to culties to me easier to bear. The in- enter a missionary school. When I terests and pleasure of having in my entered school my mind began to mind the thought that I am going to grow in a different way from the mind be a sister to women, and a mother, of a Mohammedan girl. I got into not to one child but to thousands." the way of analyzing and verifying things. I asked myself-What is the A GIRL OF AN INDIAN GARDEN* difference between my Christian sister and my Mohammedan mother and sis- By RUTH E. ROBINSON ter? Why is there such a great dif- ference? My mother is perfectly "A Girl of an Indian Garden" rehealthy but has no life and no activ- veals through letters a person of rare ity. Why am I becoming so attached spirit. The letters are selected by her to my teacher? What is the Moham- sister, Ruth Robinson, who has not medan faith and what is Christianity? only understanding aI).d a sense of These were the questions troubling values but the ability of a writer and my mind when I was only eleven years an editor. Both sisters have loved old. But it did not take me long to and served India through the Isabella find out. Thoburn College-the first college of women in Asia-and it is in the life "When I was thirteen I graduated of the college that their interest cenfrom the school and was supposed to ters. be a perfect learned woman with a high school degree, in fact ready for Flora Robinson was a person of marriage, for that is the perfect age high ideals and wide sympathies. She for marriage. Then came the deci- realized these ideals and expressed sion. If I married I would have had these sympathies in practical performno more school life. I was interestet in both religions. I had a special pre ance to Ii degree that is rarely fessor come and teach me Mohammedanism. I studied it five years which achieved. In the midst of the details no other Mohammedan woman had a of plans for the celebration of an anchance to study. Her religion is only niversary she is "constrained to write the teaching that she should pray five a pageant of Lal Bagh for our fiftieth times a day. Finally I did find out anniversary…… It seemed as if the the difference between Mohammedan- very spirits of 'our honored dead' ism and Christianity. It is love-the were there with us on that beautiful love of God. lawn."

"To study medicine at that time was The source of the power of this girl one of the impossibilities for a Mo- of frail body was the close and conhammedan girl. When I first thought stant touch of her spirit with the of it I had eight years before me. Great Spirit who never seemed far off Now it is only three. I came here to but an ever present help. take medicine, not only for my interest in it, but to go back and to be with "Being perplexed, I say, mothers and with little children for 'Lord make it right! whom I can do something-women Night is as day to Thee and children :who are shut up behind Darkness as light. walls still, with no faith and with I am afraid to touch nothing to give them independence to Things that involve so much My feeble hands may shake: Thine can make no mistake- Lord, make it right I' "

-A.G.L.

France. The headquarters in

"Stookholm," a New Quarterly and New York and in Holland are in T HE Continuation Committee of touch with branches in India, Aus- the Universal Christian Confer- tralia, the Dutch East Indies, South ence on Life and Work, held in Stock- Africa, and other parts of the world." holm in August, 1925, has established The agreement to read a portion of a new international review, Stock- the Bible each day and to make it a holm. The first number contains habit to carry a Testament everygreetings from Dr. S. Parkes Cad- where, has 'united several million man and Dr. William Adams Brown, members in all countries. The Amerifor America; the Bishop of Man- can headquarters are at 156 Fifth chester and Principal Garvie, for Avenue, New York City.

Great Britain; Archibishop Soeder- blom, Dr. Kapler, Pastor Wilfred Missionary Training Schoola.

Monod, Bishop Ihmels and Prof. Har- BIBLE Training Schools in Engnack, for the European continent; land and America are making a and Archibishop Germanos for the specialty of training men and women Eastern Orthodox Churches. The journal is in three languages, Dr. for home and foreign missionary Adolf Keller, of Geneva, acting as work. One of the most effective is the the Editor-in-Chief, with Principal Moody Bible Institute of Chicago. A Garvie, Prof. Titius and Rev. Elie recent circular describes a large num- ber of courses provided by trained Gounelle serving as editors for the teachers in preparing pastors and English, German and French sections, other Christian workers for home and respectively. Each article is printed foreign service. Over thirty subjects in the language most natural to the include theology, Biblical doctrine and writer, but following it there is given analysis, story telling, various educaa resume in the two other languages.* tional subjects, music, Sunday-school The Pocket Testament League work, practical medicine and hygiene, comparative religions, the history of T HIS organization, founded by Mr. missions, phonetics, personal evan- and Mrs. Charles M. Alexander in gelism and business courses. Already 1908, has, according to a recent re- 1,436 young men and women have port, "been instrumental in God's been graduated from the Moody Bible hands for carrying His Word to thou- Institute and of these over 1,000 are sands of hungry hearts in many lands at present in active work in home and all over the globe. To a large extent foreign mission fields.

it has been more of a movement than a cut-and-dried organization, although NORTH AMERIVA T there is a definite national headquar- Vhioago'. Day of Prayer ters established in England and the HE Union Ministers' Conference United States, as well as in Canada, of the Chicago Federation of Holland, Germany, Sweden, and Churches, representing about five ~l subscriptions at $2.50 each may be hundred ministers, passed the follow- EplIaIlcsedAwveInthuet,heChCichaicgaog, oIlUl.niversity Press, 5750 ing resolution in appointing a day of 398

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

prayer for the city: "Conditions in thoroughfares, but reach out into the Chicago have reached a place where densely congested tenement-house dis- the ballot box is wantonly violated; tricts.

life and property in large measure are not safe; where the homes of citizens Jews and the New Testament are menaced by bombs; where crime, graft, and corruption are increasingly A BOUT thirty per cent of New York besmirching the good name of our city. The evidence seems clear that .tl. City's population in 1925 was there is a partnership between criminals and some officials. These condi- Jewish, the proportion having retions are destructive of the spiritual mained unchanged since 1916, accordlife of the city. Therefore, be it re- ing to a report of a two-year survey solved that we call upon our people to made public in March by the Bureau assemble in their respective places of of Jewish Social Research. There worship on Wednesday, March 7th, to were 1,503,000 Jews in New York in pray to Almighty God for strength 1916 and 1,728,000 in 1925. The presand vision to discharge our responsi- ent number is estimated at 1,750,000 bilities as citizens in selecting men -"the largest Jewish community the for public office in the primary elec- world has ever known," and in itself tion of April 10th; men who will be a great mission field. Paul I. Morentz, governed by an honest conscience and a Hebrew Christian missionary, writwho will keep the oath of office when ing in The Lutheran of the present atthey take their seats of authority." titude of many Jews toward the New One press report of the observance of Testament, states that Rabbi Isaac the day estimated that 100,000 at- Landman of Temple Israel, Far Rocktended the various services. away, L. I., has introduced the study of the New Testament in his religious school. "The importance of the step," he says, "lies in the fact that Rabbi Evangelum in New York City Landman not only ministers to a large and prominent Jewish congregation, T WENTY-ONE yea r s ago the but is the editor of The American founder of the National Bible In- Hebrew, a popular and influential stitute had a great vision of the need Jewish weekly." The following quotain the city of New York for an evan- tion from that paper shows how the gelistic campaign. The aim was to reach the vast multitudes of the vari- editor justified this step: ous nationalities who have found an abiding place in the United States, The time has come when the New Tes- tament should no longer be a closed book to the Jews. Not so long ago the name but who, apparently, in the majority of Jesus and the Christian holy book of cases, either left their religion in were anathema among our people. The their native land, or else soon forgot Jews will never be able to understand it after coming to their new home. their Christian fellows until they know what there is in the New Testament From a humble beginning of one out- which creates a wall of misunderstanddoor evangelistic meeting a day held ing between them.

at Madison Square Park, New York City, the work has steadily grown Foreign-Born Friends R through the years, until, during the EV. THOMAS BURGESS, D.D., oft h e Protestant Episcopal summer of 1927, the schedule included 168 outdoor evangelistic meetings a Church, reports that its motto is "For week, in addition to four active mis- Every Churchman a Foreign-Born sions, where a gospel Irleeting is held Friend," and says: "Where the for- every night in the year. The outdoor eign-born have no churches of their meetings include noonday meetings in own, the Episcopal Church ministers the financial district, and other centers. directly to them, but tries to keep The evening outdoor meetings are them true to the faith of their fa- conducted not only on the prominent thers. Where they have their own

foreign churches, Orthodox, Catholic, theran and United Brethren. The Lutheran or Reformed, the Episcopal Negro churches were represented as Church helps them to stay faithful, a group, and the Congregational, Asand to fit their churches better into sociated Reformed Presbyterian and American life." Another denomina- Nazarene are expected to come in. tion, the Methodist Episcopal, states Bishop H. M. DuBose, of the Southern that the pastors of its foreign-lan. Methodist Church, was made presiguage churches preach in the follow- dent. "The organization meeting," ing languages: C z e c h, Chinese, says The Christian Century, "was har- Danish, Finnish, French, German, monious and cordial. For some of the Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, participants it was of the nature of Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Por· a new experience. Special attention tuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, will be given to work in rural sections, Swedish, Syrian and Welsh. and to the elimination of unnecessary competition. Bishop DuBose has had American Mission to Lepers a good deal of experience in that sort of thing during his presidency of a NEARLY $1,500,000 has been raised district in the far northwest." An in the United States since 1893 official statement of purposes says: for the work of the American Mission "The council will not seek to unite de· to Lepers. T~e budget asked for 1928 nominations or to discourage them in is $278,000. The Mission to Lepers their work. It will only seek to set was founded in London in 1874 by out facts and situations and to serve Wellesley C. Bailey. Active branches the larger interests of the kingdom have since been established in many for the entire population." parts of the world. The American branch now contributes more annually MOrDlonism and the Government than the parent organization. The Mission officially represents the Prot- MORMON political science is thus estant churches of America, cooperat- summarized in an article in The ing with the regular agencies of the Christian Statesman: "The Governvarious denominations, furnishing ment of the United States, like all buildings and equipment in countries other governments, is illegal. There to which these boards have appointed can be but one perfect governmenttheir missionaries, the missionaries that which is organized by God-by becoming the directors of the work apostles, prophets, teachers, evangelamong the leper populations in their ists. It is not consistent that the peovarious fields. However, practically ple of God should organize or be subnone of these boards contributes fi- ject to a man-made government. . .. nancially to the work of the American Our easy-going American citizens Mission to Lepers. It is entirely de· may treat with indifference, or regard pendent for support upon the indio as a joke, these preposterous claims, viduals and societies and groups of and think them too absurd ever to be various kinds which are voluntarily realized, but think for a moment how contributing toward its work. much of this power is already wielded by the Mormon hierarchy. It holds Tennessee Home Missions Council an immense amount of wealth so that the business world is afraid of giving DENOMINATIONAL leaders of the it offense. It holds the balance of state of Tennessee have just or- power in a number of our states and ganized a state home missions coun- can dictate the selection of state ofcil. Participating in the organization ficials from the lowest to the highest, meeting were representatives of the and can choose the men who represent two Methodist Episcopal Churches, those states in the Congress. Polygthree Presbyterian, the Disciples, the amy as taught and practiced under Baptist, Protestant Episcopal, Lu- the Mormon system is bad enough,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

but this and a multitude of other and no water system. Filth was crimes are possible only because of the thrown into the gutter to rot. The Mormon treasonable system of civil streets swarmed with children who government." were not in school because the schools Our Future Mexican Citizens can accommodate only half the school population."

FUTURE citizens of Mexican blood are growing up in the United The Y. M. C. A. in South America T States by the thousands. The city of HE membership in the Young Men's Christian Associations of Los Angeles, for instance, has more than 25,000 Mexican children in its the Argentine Republic, Brazil, Chile, public schools. Nearly every town Peru and Uruguay, reveals a picture and city from San Diego to Detroit impressive and significant, according has its quota of Mexican children to to Enrique Ewing of Montevideo, who educate. In most communities they writes in The Intercollegian: "These frequently carry off the honors in young men represent a cross-section scholarship and oratory in competition of life in these rapidly developing with Americans of the purest type, countries. They come from the middle and in such things as hand work, class; many are from high school, painting, woodworking, or music the normal and university circles; others Mexican children from segregated are active in professional and business schools decidedly surpass the work of life. Former members of one student the children in the schools from which Association are now scattered over the they are excluded by local race antip- entire republic; they occupy impor- athy. Their teachers find them bright tant state and federal positions; and active, vivacious, obedient, easily young laymen all over the continent controlled, and responsive always to – are beginning to take Association re- kindly and sympathetic treatment. sponsibility seriously. . .'. Much These statements are made by the might be written about the way in· Watchman-Examiner in appealing to which members are beginning to face evangelical Christians to bring to personal problems as well as lend these children the essential moral and themselves for service with under- spiritual influences which are now so privileged, abandoned, and delinquent lacking in their lives. boys. The noticeable increase in the number of individuals and business LATIN AMERICA firms contributing towards the cur- Living Conditions in Porto Rico rent expenses and permanent equip- RETURNING from a visit to Porto ment of our Associations is also a Rico with eight other Congrega- source of encouragement." tionalist home missionary leaders, Rev. George L. Cady, D.D., Corre- Good Friday in Brazil T sponding Secretary of the American HE following description of how Good Friday was observed last Missionary Association, reported that the worst living conditions prevailing year in a town in Central Brazil is anywhere under the American flag are given by an American missionary: on that island. He went on to say: Business houses were open all day, and "The houses are mostly one-room as busy as could be. Mass was cele- huts. If they have partitions these brated outside the church, and in the late are often so flimsy as to be almost afternoon, a sort of bier was carried fictitious. Such homes breed im- around, decorated with flowers and folmorality. Disease, including hook- lowed by a statute of the Virgin Mary. At night the image of the dead C]1rist was prostrate in the church for, every worm, which could be prevented if the one to kiss its feet, and all th~·faithful people could afford shoes, is wide- deposited money in the box. The accomspread. In the city of Ponce we saw panying noise and confusion were indestreets where there was no sanitation scribable. Women chanted in the church, 5

beggars rattled their coins, and whined for our worshippers and also to show for alms just outside, on the steps. others what Buddhism means.' The Booths for sale of drink, coffee, sweets Buddhist priests will be dressed in and trinkets of all varieties were erected robes of orange color. The temple on the grass. Hucksters cried ~heir will fly the Buddhist flag of six colors, wares, gambling dens were opened lIter- blue, red, yellow, white, orange and ally not a stone's throwaway from the the sixth, an amalgamation of the church and people talked and laughed other five, because when Buddha and chatted all the night. The next gained enlightenment under the Bo morning, at ten o'clock, sk;V rockets and tree, tradition says, he was surchurch bells in mad confusIOn announced rounded by an aurora containing all the Resurrection. these."

Building Schools in Paraguay Modern "Mayflower" Voyage REV. FRED W. HUGHES writes THIS name is being used to describe of the buildings which are being "a good-will visit" to the United erected by the Disciples' Mission in States to be made by about 1,200 Brit- Asuncion, Paraguay, where he is at ish Congregationalists in June. The work: "These buildings have already plan originated in England, where it made a contribution to the country in was proposed that an ocean liner be arousing the Catholic Church to do chartered; that it be filled with Consomething for this needy republic. gregationalists of all ranks from Eng- There is a big boys' school about three land, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, inblocks from us, and they have started cluding the leaders, both clerical and to make some improvements. The lay, but also including ministers and Jesuits also are planning to build a laymen from all grades of churches. fine school." He continues: "We were One announcement of the trip states: very much interested in an announce- "This band of pilgrims will land at ment made by the priest at the close Boston on June 11, 1928, and sail from of the mass one morning. He said New York on June 16th. They place they were trying to raise enough themselves unreservedly in the hands money to build a seminary for minis- of American Congregationalists, with terial students, and in order to help the one stipulation that they shall be the cause along they had organized a privileged to conduct on their own raffle. The first prize was to be a account a consecration service at very beautiful image of the boy Jesus. Plymouth Rock. In general, the plan One of the seminary students was provides for spending two days in carrying the image around the church Boston and vicinity, one day in Plymgrounds allowing people to kiss it." outh, and two days in New York. In each of these three places it is planned EUROPE to hold one central meeting, those in Boston and New York probably taking Buddhist Tel11ple in London the form of large banquets."

MOHAMMEDANISM established a Protestant Church in Greece foothold in England several years ago. That Buddhism is seeking STAVROS LAZARIDES, having to do likewise is evident from the been graduated from the Athens following dispatch to the New York School of Religion and remained for Times in March: "The first Buddhist a further year of graduate study, is temple in London soon will be erected now studying for his Ph.D. at the on Gloucester Road. It will be modeled University of Athens. Last summer on that at the famous caves of Ajanta, he carried on Christian work in a place in Hyderabad, India, believed to date of which he writes: "Katerini is a back to 200 B. C. The new temple town at the foot of Mt. Olympus. Four will accommodate 300 persons. 'Our desire is nof to convert,' said Daya Hewaviarne, manager of the Maha Bodhi Society. 'We want the temple

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

years ago Protestant families living this object the Society of Friends has before at different places of Asia Min- secured the permission of the Soviet or and other refugees formed a new Government, and the assurance that settlement near Katerina which now suitable buildings will be put at its has 220 families from Bulgaria and disposal, on the understanding that the Russia. Four years ago they lived cost of the scheme shall be met by the in tents. Now they have two-storied Society. Hence an appeal is being houses. Four years ago they had their made to Christian people in America meetings in the open air under a tree. and in England to secure some £20,- Now they have the largest Evangeli- 000. There are no nurses' training cal church building in Greece, in which schools in Russia, and the attention more than 1,000 people can be gath- given to patients is in most cases very ered, and now they are erecting a primitive. The instruction that the school building which will cost more school will give to selected students than 1,000,000 drachmas." will equip them for efficient service among their own people. Preaching in Eathonian Prisons An Austrian Martyr REV. ADAM PODIN describes in Evangelical. CkristenMm an un- THE martyrdom of Balthazer Hubusual experience which he had in visit- maier who was burned at the stake ing a prison in Pernau, Esthonia: "At as a heretic in Vienna in 1528, was the appointed time I arrived at the commemorated in that city March huge gate; it was opened at once. I 10th-11th. The service was arranged saw that the warders had been sta- for by the American Baptist Foreign tioned differently, and they signalled Mission Society, with representatives something. Just as I arrived at the from British, Czech and Swiss Bapprison door beautiful music saluted tists. Wreaths were placed on the me. I stood in their midst during their place where Hubmaier was burned, singing. I found that all the officials one by Dr. H. A. Rushbrooke, another and others had come in to hear the wreath by Dr. James H. Franklin in Gospel. I tried to show the way of the name of American Baptists, and salvation for the deepest sinner. When others by representatives of European I had "finished my work there I asked Baptists, Mennonites and Austrians. the prison master to send the same choir to the other prison as well, to The ceremonies included rememhelp me and cheer up their comrades. brance of Hubmaier's wife who was Here we had again a blessed time, and thrown into one of the branches of the prisoners thanked me heartily. I the Danube and drowned three days have now made arrangements in three after her husband's death. prisons, where my young people will accompany me with their musical in- AFRICA struments and singing. The prison masters do all they can to give us a School for Blind Sheikhs warm welcome." F OR some years past a blind Chris- School for Nurses in Russia tian who is a member of the C.M.S. congregation at Old Cairo, Egypt, has AS A demonstration on the part been holding classes for blind Mos- 1"1. of followers of Christ of their lems, teaching them the art of reading and writing in Braille, with the aid goodwill toward the rank and file of of special editions of the New Testathe Russian people members of the ment. Recently he has opened a cen- Society of Friends in England have ter in the heart of the district where decided to establish in Russia a model the blind sheikhs live and study, close training-school for nurses. As a first to EI Azhar University. Instead of step toward the accomplishment of attracting, as hitherto, a small group of six or seven, he now has classes of

thirty or forty. It is hoped that it When he asked why the elder had will prove possible to do something come to see him, the latter said, 'I towards teaching the friends of the have come to talk to you about coming blind sheikhs, who accompany them to back to Christ.' He stayed two weeks, the classes, and wait till the lessons until the man's heart was really are over. touched, and he began to make ar- rangements for disposing of his Religious Liberty in Morocco slaves."

T HE Southern Morocco Mission is an undenominational Scottish so- A Successful Evangelist T ciety, which has been at work for near- HE Anglican church in the town ly forty years. Its latest report states: of Uzere, Nigeria, has about seven "Now that religious liberty is practi- hundred members. The following ac- cally assured, we are confident that count of the partly trained evangelist those who have hitherto been converts at work there is, writes Rev. O. N.

secretly will soon be able quietly to Garrard, typical of many of the C. M.

confess before others the Christian S. workers: "He was a heathen boy faith. Under French rule a great and went away to work in Northern religious change is already apparent. Nigedia. While there he was con- During the month of Ramadan many verted through an African Christian abstained from fasting, and no at- working in the same neighborhood.

tempt was made to punish such un- Later he served the Rev. A. Beaghen orthodox Moslems. In previous years a C.M.S. missionary as cook, and they would have been severely flogged. while with him he felt the call to re- Recently a young sharif in the employ turn south and work for God among of a Frenchman openly declared in his own people. He came to us in the presence of the Kadi that he was 1922 and is now in charge of this no longer a Moslem, and refused to large church, doing a work of which submit to that official's judgment. any parish clergyman in England While there was no question of con- might be proud. He has classes for version in this instance, the ease with inquirers, catechumens, confirmation which this person was able to defy candidates, and communicants. He the Kadi suggests the likelihood of conducts daily prayers for the people converts being protected from severe in addition to not less than three serv- persecution in the future." ices on Sunday. He has a small school, and is constantly visiting the sick, Soul-Winners in the Kamerun both heathen and Christian. He is T HE requirement for full member- about twenty-six years of age, and ship in the church in Korea is be- has had only one year of training, but ing enforced at Edea, an outstation he has asked God to use him, and He of the Presbyterian Mission in West is doing it."

Africa. Rev. F. W. Neal writes: "No one goes 'into the church here at Edea Girl-Wives Kept in School I without having actively tried to lead N THE Batanga (West Africa) Presbyterian mission field five someone else to the Saviour. We have more people in our catechumen classes husbands threatened the Bible reader than we do in the church. One of with violence for having taken their our elders, who takes a real interest five little girl-wives into a school. The in winning souls recently walked more undaunted Bible reader told them they than thirty miles to talk with one might summon him to the adminis- whom he had heard about and had trator at Kribi, if they wished, and been praying for-a backslider who send him to prison also; that he had gone into polygamy and had more wasn't afraid, for he knew that the than a half-dozen slaves. He was not law was against child marriage. The even known personally to the elder. angry husbands have not thought it

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

best or safe to report him to the gov- tive students expressing themselves on ernment, so their girl-wives are still live questions with restraint and digin school. "It is a satisfaction," writes a missionary, "to know personally one nity. The visitors were guests of native man who dared to face his members of the staff, all of whom were angry heathen brothers and oppose delighted with the frank and eager spirit displayed by the students.~Tke them in their evil customs." Intercollegian.

A Woman'. "Bounding Heart" THE NEAR EAST HE Africa Inland Mission, founded Turks Take Family Names Tin 1896, has 450 young men now in H training in its Bible schools, and 500 AVING adopted the Western cal- endar and various other features others are already at work. Women of European civilization, the Turks sometimes make very fine workers. are now changing their names. A A heathen woman whose husband was press dispatch describes the situation employed as a builder on the station thus: "Until recently the Turks and heard of the Saviour. His power, said their subject peoples have not set any the missionary, was greater than that particular value on a family name. A of the fateful felile so feared by them Turk has no family name, as father all. As she said afterward, her heart and son are known under different "bounded" at the news. She was eager cognomens equivalent to our given for more. Hoeing in the fields all name. When you want to designate day, she would stop at the mission some particular Turk you will say: house on her way home and ask for 'Ali the son of Yusuf.' But the re- "the words of God." "I am going now publican government has passed a law to cook my husband's supper," she to remedy this difficulty. Turkey is would say, "and I don't want my head going to adopt the Western style of to be full of idle thoughts, so please patronymic. All Turks must choose give me some of His words to think a family name and all school children about." Soon she learned to read, and must be registered hereafter under a by degrees she developed into an ex- patronymic. The reform in nomen- cellent Christian teacher. clature is due to the elaborate plans Interracial Student Contacts that were made for the census, which had more than a statistical value. Its T HE white universities and colleges social difficulties were also considered, of South Africa are keenly alive as well as the endless clerical labor to the importance of the question of and confusion entailed by registering race, are prepared to look it straight the myriads vaguely known as Ali the in the face, to listen to the counsel of son of Yusuf."

those who have some claim to speak with authority, and to form jUdgments Near East College Association C that will be free of prejudice. During OMMITTEES are at work in vari- ous parts of the United States, the short vacation, fifteen students from Huguenot University College seeking to raise a $15,000,000 endow- (Wellington) and Stellenbosch Uni- ment fund for the six educational in- versity visitedtwo native schools, Love- stitutions now incorporated in this dale Institution and Fort Hare College. association. A recent statement of A joint conference was held with the the value to the Near East of these Student Christian Associations-ques- six colleges, which this year have a tions affecting the races being dis- total enrollment of 3,178, reads: cussed in the light of Christian "Graduates from these colleges have principles. The students were obvious- held wide influence from the first.

ly interested to see the various de- Practically all Arabic newspapers and partments of work carried on at the periodicals are published by graduates institutions and to hear the senior na- and former students. Doctors in the

Near East are invariably graduates upon the New Testament than the of the Medical School at Beirut, nurses Koran, and who call themselves "The from the Nursing School of the Amer- People of the Truth," was described ican University of Beirut. The first in the January REVIEW, Rev, John woman pharmacist, the first woman Elder of Kermanshah, writes that doctor, and the pioneers in all pro- they number about 15,000 and says fessions in the Arabic-speaking coun- of .a visit to their principal village: tries are graduates of the American "If we had any lingering doubts as University of Beirut. The most out- to whether these friendly 'People of standing feminist in Turkey, Halideh the Truth' are Moslems or not, cer- Hanum, was graduated from Con- tainly the experiences of our few days' stantinople Woman's College, In every visit among them swept them comcase, our graduates are leaders in their pletely away. The first night we were own communities and the colleges are shown a huge wild boar, fattened eslooked upon by governments as centers pecially for us, and before we left we from which they can procure teachers, had shared a dish, the very thought civil and military doctors, engineers, of which would bring an immediate government officials and workers 'Istaghfar' uUah,' 'May God forgive,' trained in modern, scientific methods from the lips of a pious Moslem. Each and inspired with ideals of service and night I gave stereopticon exhibits to the highest-standards of Western civ- a large and appreciative crowd of vililization." lagers, and my interpreter, who ren- dered my Persian into Kurdish so Seeking Jesus in Tiberias that all could understand, requested that word be given to the other Chris- THE following proofs that "a work tians in Persia that they too are Chris- of God is going on in the hearts tians," of the people" in Palestine are offered by a missionary in Tiberias: "In one Friendly Villagers in Iraq town forty-five families of Moslems and Druses are leaving their old re- THE United Mission in Mesopotaligions and asking to be taught Chris- mia is reaching out into the territian truths. Their religious chiefs tory surrounding its established are offering them land and money to centers. One such contact is thus degive up this movement. Many Jews scribed: "One of our evangelists has are reading and studying the New been in the twin villages of Bashiqa Testament and a prominent rabbi, who and Bahzani, fifteen miles northeast has a large following, is teaching his of Mosul, the chief centers of the people that Jesus Christ is their Mes- Yezidi community. The most notable siah. This comes from the circula- incident of the year is a request of tion of the Scriptures, and the Holy about thirty Yezidi families in Bah- Spirit is working, Our colporteurs zani to join the Protestant milet (rethis past year have been working in ligious community). The designation seventy-seven villages and distributed Christian to them means only mem- 6,000 leaflets, chapters and portions of bership in the religious group of that the Scriptures. Here in Tiberias we name, and their reasons are purely have had Jews and Moslems-young secular, including a school for their men-coming to be taught, their only children and financial aid from the object to learn to know the Lord Jesus mission in time of need. We cannot Christ." accept them on these terms, but their proposal is not without significance, More Christian than Moslem for it means that they recognize the superiority of Christianity to their A UNIQUE sect of so-called Mo- own religion, and are open to Chris- hammedans is eastern Persia, tian teaching." whose code of ethics is based more

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Aeroplanes for "the Hajj" there is practical training in citizen- T HE use of telephones for the con- ship and life through the cooperative venience of pilgrims on the Mecca store, the village bank, the village hosroad was reported in the February pital, the poultry houses, the carpenter REVIEW. A still more modern develop- shop, and the cottage gardens.

ment is announced as follows by World Low-Caste Village Transformed Call: "Mohammedan pilgrimages to Mecca by aeroplane instead of by cam- THE following story is told of work el are expected to be a new develop- done by the Regions Beyond Misment in air travel during 1928. Saiyed sionary Union in Bihar, a large and Auzam, managing proprietor of the needy region west of Bengal: The Hedjaz Pilgrims Transport Agency, village of Bankat was a miserable lithas written the Department of Com- tle place. The people, low-caste Chamerce at Washington that he wants to mars and Tatwas, lived in perpetual charter a dozen aeroplanes capable of fear of evil spirits and an even greatcarrying at least twenty passengers er dread of the money-lender to whom each, to travel from Jedda to Mecca, they were bound hand and foot. It from Mecca to Medina and from Me- was the bank that prepared the way dina to Jerusalem. They are wanted for the Bible. The missionaries were for use in April, May and June. There helping to organize village banks in is no railroad transportation in the order to combat the evils of money- Hedjaz and no good roads for automo- lending, and the Tatwas asked for asbiles. The journey by camel from sistance of this kind. Then Prem Mecca to Medina and Jerusalem is Sukh settled in the village, a fine very difficult." young evangelist with a deep, person- al experience. The community was INDIA AND SIAM gradually changed. The people them- "The Village of the New Day" selves petitioned Government, through the missionary, to have the toddy-shop THIS is the English translation of removed. The money-lender retired Ushagram, the name given to an from the scene. Nowadays practically educational enterprise carried on by all, young and old, attend the Sunday Fred. G. Williams, Methodist Episcopal service, and little by little they are missionary at Asanol, Bengal. Sixty learning what true Christianity means.

boys from the village homes in and A new salutation has become current around Asansol have been brought to- in the village, Yisu sakay, "Jesus our gether at Ushagram. Here they live strength !"

in small, one-room mud cottages quite like those of the ordinary Indian vil- The Wanless SanatoriuJD F lage, except for their cleanliness andOR several years past the Bombay Representative Christian Council, their good ventilation. Each cottage houses five or six boys of varied ages representing about 100,000 Indian and is in itself a family unit. The Christians and nearly thirty mission oldest boy in the cottage plans the organizations in western India, has work of the home and assigns duties desired to build a tuberculosis sana- for each. The village elects a "Pan- torium in the Deccan such as would chayat," representative of the prevail- meet the needs of sufferers belonging ing system of village government. to all castes and creeds. The Governor Each boy of the village spends five of Bombay, replying to an appeal to hours a day in the classroom under support the scheme, which is taking trained teachers. The value of such definite form, suggested that "it would a school is recognized by the Depart- seem appropriate for the name of Sir ment of Education, which gives it an W. J. Wanless to be associated with annual grant of 100 rupees. In addi- it, as some small reminder-although tion to the work of the classroom, reminder will never be necessary-of

the great self-sacrificing work which Si8.lllese Martyr'. Daugihter he has carried on in India for so many A CONTRIBUTOR to The Siam years." As was stated in the March Outlook says of a recent experi- REVIEW, Dr. Wanless, Presbyterian ence: "We had only a fleeting glimpse medical missionary at Miraj, since from the automobile of an ordinary 1899, has been knighted. Dnyanodaya Laos woman well advanced in years, comments: who was returning from market with The scheme would be a sort of parting a meager stock of provisions. In gen- eral appearance, she seemed the same gift, expressive of India's gratitude to as the others who were also walking home-but with this difference: she this distinguished missionary surgeon. was the daughter of one of the Chieng- mai martyrs! Her father, on that In his hospital at Miraj and the five fateful Sunday morning in September branch dispensaries there have been in sixty years ago, had walked in the recent years over 6,000 operations per- formed annually and a total of more than 60,000 treatments given each year, the patients coming from every community in Western India. The successful carrying out of the Wanless Tuberculosis same direction she was taking-not on a first-class graveled highway, but Sanatorium scheme will therefore be in across the fields, much of the way, through water almost knee-deep. He the nature of a thank-offering from the was going to an appointed place, nine people among whom Sir William has spent himself in relieving human suffering.

miles away, where armed men awaited A Century of Missions in Si8.lll him with clubs, pikes, and a death- THIS year, 1928, completes one hun- yoke. An order had gone forth for dred years of evangelical mission- the execution of the Christians-who ary work in Siam. "It is intended to numbered at that time only four. The celebrate the centenary in such a way," daughter walked under the security says the announcement, "as to show of an edict of religious toleration forth to all the people how great things which her father had hoped for in the Lord hath wrought during that vain. He was surrounded on all sides, time. The Executive Committee ap- on that Sunday morning sixty years pointed to have charge of the celebra- ago, by the beautiful hills of Chiengtion, represents two English missions, mai, which look down to-day on a two American missions, the American thousand Christian homes."

Bible Society, and two Siamese Presbyteries, beside two members repre- CHINA AND TIBET senting work among the Chinese. The Chinese Church Carries On D date set for the celebration is the first ESPITE bandits, crop failures, moving of troops, and the genweek of December, 1928. It is to continue through three days and eve- eral unsettled condition of the coun- nings, with a pageant, street parades, try, a successful presbytery meeting and exhibits of various kinds of work. of the new Church of Christ in China There will be public meetings in the was held at Ichowfu, Shantung Prov- evenings addressed by prominent ince, of which The Chinese Recorder speakers in English, Siamese, and says: "The inspirational meetings Chinese." The missionaries write: were a stimulus to all present and the "We earnestly ask for your prayers, business was conducted systematically beseeching the throne of the heavenly and harmoniously. The Chinese were grace that the wisdom and power of willing to carry a greater responsibil- the Holy Spirit may be granted to ity and to work for the progress of those who have charge of this work, the Church in China …… Two very that the hearts of God's people here bright, intelligent, earnest students may be inclined to share in it with one came before Presbytery to be exam- accord, and that the minds of all may ined in order to enter the seminary be opened to the truth of God." after a year's experience in preaching.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Both had suffered severe persecutions for a time feeling against me was at the hands of their parents and rela- rather high. Even the returned stu- tives. One, a lad of nineteen, said, dents and Christians thought I was 'My father snatched my Bible from siding too much with the foreigners me, tore it up and burned it. At one and was not patriotic enough in my time my father would have burned heart. This made me realize that we me alive if it had not been for my Christians had not lived a strong neighbors who intervened.' The Pres- enough life, for if as a class we had bytery decided to conduct more Bible been thoroughly imbued with the spir- dasses, establish new Sunday-schools, it of Christ …… we would have organize new Christian Endeavor so- moved the people around us so that cieties, and promote home Bible study they could see more clearly that we courses, besides carrying on a cam- were following in the footsteps of our paign in the Thousand Character Master, against whom even they had Series." nothing to say. The result was that I resolved to deepen my own spiritual The Chinese Student Viewpoint life by living closer to my Saviour, ACCORDING to an article in the and I think that many of our Chris- organ of the World's Student tians made the same resolve. So now Christian Student Federation, The our Bibles are read more regularly Student World, whereas in China a and family prayers are held in more year ago students were leaving college homes, and we are endeavoring to do in considerable numbers to enter the more personal work by winning souls military academy, or to enlist immedi- for Christ."

ately in the fighting army, to-day they are more inclined to stay by their Manchu Bibles Wanted M studies. Flag-waving and processions ANY, many years ago George Borrow of gipsy fame assisted with students in the lead are not nearly so frequent as they were. The a Russian gentleman to make a Man- doctrine "Down with Imperialism, chu version of the New Testament.

Foreignism, Capitalism, Militarism, For years the plates and the whole Communism" finds a more construc- edition remained in London and it was tive rival in a "Love the School" Move- found there was no use for it in ment. Its purpose is to restore regular China. Finally they were sent to study; to dispel the radical nonstudy- Shanghai. Now a C. 1. M. missionary ing element; to work for the nation- writes from Central Asia that he has alist cause through study of social discovered a colony of 40,000 Man- problems, and through practical serv- chus and desires every copy of the ice during the vacations. The zeal Manchu New Testament that the Bible with which students have participated Society ha~. After lying inert for as instructors in the mass education many years, this version is at last put movement and health campaigns, is in the hands of living men who ap- evidence of their ability and energy preciate it and who understand it.

in this kind of reconstruction. George Borrow and his friends thought that the Manchus, if con- Christian Woman's Testimony verted, would convert China. Work DR. IDA KAHN, the first Chinese done for God is never lost, though woman to obtain a M.D. in the sometimes it is lost to human sight for United States, thus describes her ex- a time.-D. MacGillivray.

periences during the past year: "I tried to tell my people that our troubles Lepers with Shining Faces A were due to our own shortcomings and LETTER from Miss Alma Dodds, written on her return to Tenghnot due to the oppression of the foreigners and Christians. For thinking sien, Shantung Province, is thus thus I was branded as a traitor and quoted in a Canadian paper: "I found

the leper homes in good condition and formed part of this state, it has not very clean. The lepers were really by any means been assimilated. glad to see me, as were the other Throughout Ladakh the inhabitants Chinese friends. I wish those who are with few exceptions pure Tibetans. pray and give and sacrifice for the "Herein," she says, "lies their peculiar lepers might see the shining faces of interest for the Christian Church. Althe inmates. The contrast between though the heralds of the King cannot these inside and those outside is as find an entrance as yet into Tibet itthat of light and dark-between life self, they can leave their message at and hope, death' and despair. The the gate with these native Tibetans. home is on a much-traveled public The translation of the Bible is now road at a favorite resting-place for nearing completion. In the effort to travelers. The lepers stand on their evangelize Tibet the preparation of side of the wire fence and tell the literature naturally occupies the foreresting ones the wonderful story of most place. A considerable quantity God's love. They are faithful wit- of tracts has been printed by the Moranesses for their Lord and Saviour." vian presses and 'Pilgrim's Progress' has recently been translated ….. . Status of Presbyterian Missions Tibetans are yielding to Christ, even while Tibet still shuts Him out. Here I N MARCH the Presbyterian Board are one hundred and fifty-three bap- of Foreig:n Missions (U. S. A.) tized Christians." made the following announcement about its work in China: "Twenty- JAPAN-KOREA six of the thirty-five stations in our eight China missions are now occupied Three Types of Service by American missionaries, the Kiangan Mission being the only mission TANEO CHIBA, a Japanese student entirely unoccupied at the last report. in the United States, points out Sixty-five per cent of the China mis- three fields in which he believes Chrissionaries are at work on the field, tian forces have their greatest opporwhich in view of the circumstances is tunity in his native land to-day, rural a very high average. About thirty- work, social reform, and higher eduthree per cent are in the United States cation. He says: "When we realize on furlough, and the remainder of the that Japan is still predominantly an China force is still in other missions agricultural country and that sixtyhelping out temporarily. Many have five per cent of her population live in already gone back at the request of the rural districts we cannot but feel their missions, and others are prepar- that the Japanese Church ought to ing to return in the early spring. A place greater emphasis upon the imlarge proportion of those on furlough portance of rural evangelization….. . are relieving the Board of all or part When we see thousands of men' and of their support by engaging in re- women enslaved in the mines under munerative work. China statistics for most deplorable conditions, when we the year show a surprisingly small see millions of young women working decrease in the totals as compared with in textile mills in different industrial the previous year." centers under similar heart-breaking conditions, and when we see countless Winning Tibetans numbers of unfortunate women chained to legalized houses of vice we MiSS CHRISTINE I. TINLING cannot help but hear more clearly and interprets in the London Chris- more forcefully the voice of God urgtian the significance of the Moravian ing us to go and minister to these Mission in Ladakh, or Little Tibet, people." Finally, he appeals for a a part of Tibet until it was conquered great Christian university, equal in by Kashmir some eighty-fi:Ve years every way, if not superior, to the best ago. Although since then it has government school in Japan.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A "Steady" Japanese Christian home towns. They will also help in night OF A young man who was bap- classes during the winter for older peo- tized last year Rev. F. S. Curtis, of Shimonoseki, Japan, writes: ple. Sunday Schools and later church groups will come into being through their efforts.

"He is one of the steadiest Christians Korean Christian Villagers I have ever known, never absent from English Bible class or Sunday morn- ONE impression brought back by ing worship. He held meetings in Miss Florence E. Root, of the his own home last summer-inviting Southern Presbyterian Mission in men from the office, to whom the pas- Kwangju, Korea, from: a two weeks' tor preached. Since we recently rented trip among the villages is the way in a preaching place on the Island of which the Christian "stands head and Hiko, he has been invariably present, shoulders" above the non-Christians in taking a class in the Sunday school any community. She says: "One little and helping in the preaching service. village called White Stone was almost He gives a ringing testimony to the entirely heathen. But there was a grace of God, and has influenced many seventeen-year-old Christian girl who of his friends to attend the meetings. had attended our mission school for For a number of months we met in a girls in Chunju for several years. Her rather quiet place where the gather- clothes were clean, she herself was neat ings were like'those of a family group; and clean and alert-a marked conbut latterly we were able to secure a trast to the passiveness and slovenliplace more central and directly on the ness of most of the women there. main street, so the services are more This contrast prevails in greater or thoroughly evangelistic. From this less degree wherever one finds Chrissmall group, three received baptism tians and nonbelievers together." this last winter, and six or seven more are now on the inquirers' list." Another impression she describes as follows: We were even made confidants in what Leaders in Rural Life seemed like a real romance, seeing and talking with both the young people con- THE Methodist Episcopal mission in cerned, though they had never seen each Kongju, Korea, is seeking to train other. It is truly encouraging to see how the boys and girls in its high school Christian parents desirE! to have their for real leadership in the rural com- children marry into other Christian homes, and how they are doing it.

munities to which most of them will return. Courses are now being given Test of a Japanese Prayer R in farm and home economics. The EV. A. K. REISCHAUER, D.D., of Tokyo, tells this story of an schedule has been arranged to include two class periods a week in agriculture old man who asked to be baptized: and sericulture. Besides this there "The minister said, 'I can not baptize will be afternoon hours for work in you unless I know that you are really the fields, in tinsmithing, carpentry, sincere. You lead in prayer and then brick and cement work, blacksmithing, I will decide.' The poor old man had and painting. During the school year never led in prayer in his life. His the boys are taken out into the near- face turned red and the perspiration by villages on Sundays and in vaca- stood on his forehead. 'Pray!' said tions to hold classes and Sunday the minister, and this is what he said: schools. F. E. C. Williams, of Kongju, 'God, my heart is full of prayer things, thus outlines the hoped-for results: but I can not speak them with my After the boys have finished their mouth. They are coming out in the courses some will go on to higher schools, sweat on my head.' The minister bapbut many will go back to their homes to tized him, saying that was a real make a living by means of what they prayer. Anyone who has heard the have learned, These boys will organize 'vain repetition of the heathen,' the classes for the boys and girls of their

mumbled, fast repetitions of certain urged repeatedly to become candidate formulas so characteristic of the old for the governorship of the Moro refigions will appreciate what the min- Province. Indeed, he has had to flee ister meant, that a prayer which makes from that temptation. Only because a man sweat is a real prayer." we could offer him a scholarship in a worthy institution like Union College ISLANDS OF THE SEA was he saved for the ministry. He Signs of Filipino Progress has accomplished miracles already in WRITING of the accessibility of his ministry among the Moros, and the Filipinos to the Gospel, Rev. is clearly the man called of God to Stephen J. Corey, D.D., of the United open the doors in this part of the Christian Missionary Society (Dis- Moslem world."

ciples), points out two special reasons for encouragement: "The destiny of Wanted: A Word for Faith.

R the Philippine Islands educationally, OTUMA is one of the Fiji Islands in which there are about 1,500 politically, commercially, and religiously is rapidly coming into the hands enrolled Christians. Rev. C. M. of a well-educated youth movement. Churchward, of the Methodist Mis- It will only be a few years until the sionary Society of Australasia, writes Philippines will be controlled by those of them: "The work of winning these who have been educated in the public people from a state of out-and-out schools of the last twenty years ….. . heathenism to that of nominal Chris- Perhaps in no country outside of the tianity was done decades ago, but the United States and Great Britain, have longer one lives among them the more women come to such recognition in one becomes convinced that the task family and public life as in the Phil- of teaching the real meaning and reippine Islands. Everywhere the Fili- quirements of the religion of Jesus pino woman is teaching in the public Christ has only just begun. Perhaps schools, and the proportion of Protes- the fact that Rotuma was at one time tant teachers is far above that of the left for eighteen years without a white native Catholic. In striking contrast missionary has something to do with to the great population of the Orient, their twisted ideas of Christian teachwoman is given her proper place. This ing. Another factor is the poverty of status of women is a great factor in the language." This point he elabothe advancement of evangelical Chris- rates as follows: tianity as well as of patriotism." They have no word for "conscience" or for "grace," or even for "faith," or "be- A Moro Christian Minister lieve" in the Christian sense. The word REV. FRANK C. LAUBACH, au- which stands in the present "ersion of thor of "The People of the Phil- the New Testament for "believe" and ippines," writes of the recently opened "faith" (the word maY really means to work among the Mohammedan Moros comply, yield, obey: hence, sermons by natives on the subject of ma, which ought to be sermons on faith, are found of Mindanao: "Matias Cuadra, the to be sermons on obedience, which is not leading Moro of this young genera- infrequently explained as meaning obedition, has become a Christian minister. ence to one's chief and one's minister or He is so powerful that he has been catechist!

"At this time of my retirement," says Dr. Robert Laws, of Livingstonia after nearly sixty years of service for Africa, "the chief thing that I can say is that the call to the world to go and help Africa is even greater today than when my companions and I did what we could to answer the call made by Livingstone fifty-five years ago."-Soutk African Outlook.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these colum'lU! will be forwarded by U8 on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Katharine Scherer Cronk. By Laura scurity. Belgium knows Congo; Brit- Scherer Copenhaver. 38 pp. 35 cents. ain, Uganda, the Union of South M. H. Leavis. Cambridge, Mass. 1928. Africa and other sections; France, French Equatorial Africa and the Like an afterglow of a sunset; like Sudan; Portugal, Angola and so forth. the abiding fragrance of a flower; like the memory of noble deeds, comes A somewhat similar situation exists this collection of choice glimpses of among the evangelical constituencies the mind, the heart, the spirit of a in America. Each knows something beloved friend. The sister has not of the section in which its own dewritten a story of the life, nor has nomination is working. But the day she attempted merely a tribute. She for a comprehensive knowledge of Afhas done better in giving inspira- rica has arrived. Wireless is binding tional memorabilia that will perpetu- the various parts of the continent toate the fragrance of the life and will gether. Recently a message was sent bring into other lives the magic in- from Mozambique to Angola and a fluence of Katharine Scherer Cronk. reply received in two minutes. Eritrea Here we catch first a glimpse of the talks with Somaliland. Colonial govgirl at college, then the daughter in ernors from different areas are comthe home, the wife in the small parish, paring notes. The. Conference at the author of inspirationalleafiets, the LeZoute in September, 1926, brought popular conference speaker and above missionaries and government adminall the friend who brought to many a istrators from remote sections face to new purpose and a more vital contact face. with Jesus Christ and His program. Mrs. Cronk rests from her unceasing In the interests of a comprehensive labors but this attractive and spirit- intelligence in respect to Africa the ually stimulating booklet will be one new volume, "Light and Darkness in of the means by which her work con- East Africa" will do much to help tinues to bear fruit. American readers understand the trend of missionary events in parts of the great continent unfamiliar to Light and Darkness in East Africa. A many of them. The volume surveys mEgisyspiotinaanry Ssuudrvaney, oAfbyUsgsianniad,a, EArnitgrleoa- in a most readable manner the presand the three Somalilands. 206 pp. ent status of Christian missions in 3s, 6d. World Dominion Press. Lon- Uganda, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Abys- don. 1927. sinia, Eritrea and the three Somali- A patchwork knowledge of Africa lands. It contains an especially characterizes the European peoples stimulating review of the ancient who share in the Government of that Abyssinian Church and points out its great continent. As they look at the possible significance in respect to the outline of the great continent their evangelization of other sections of own contacts paint familiar sections Africa.

in vivid colors while the remainder is In 1928 the American churches will to each of them a hinterland of ob- be studying Africa as a whole. Our 413

imaginations may well be captured by and social; the reform and extension the great land of purple shadows and of rural education, including problems brooding mystery. This volume will of administration and curriculum; carryon our interest to remoter sec- the preparation and development of tions until we are able in a measure village teachers, containing a review to fit together the pieces of the inter- of the operation of training schools, national jigsaw puzzle and make of it the courses for professional preparaa great new emerging frontier-land tion and the development of teachers, with spiritual as well as commercial also the place of women teachers. significance for all the world. Scien- What makes this study more imprestists' from Britain, France, Belgium, sive is the fact that one sixth of the Germany and Portugal have recently human race lives in the villages of joined hands in a study of African India, that nine of every ten Indians sleeping-sickness problems under the are villagers and that over ninety-two leadership of the League of Nations. per cent of them are illiterate. The Christian forces should be prepared whole .situation exhibits many elelikewise to pool their intelligence and ments of grave danger for the addimultiply their power. tional reason that a very large share P. H. J. Lerrigo. of the 5,000,000 men and women who Village Schools in India. Mason Olcott. have recently been admitted to the Illustrated.. 8 vo. 23S pp. $1.25. New York. 1926. Indian franchise are illiterate vil- This book, an important contribu- lagers. The difficulties in the way of tion to the subject of elementary education, not only in India, but in making popular education play its related countries, has as its immediate purpose the discovery of the kind of rightful part in the present changes education needed in Indian villages and the best plan for the preparation are indeed staggering. These condiof teachers for such schools. The urgency of making village schools tions are sketched only in their broad educate children effectively for life and citizenship is readily recognized. outlines and most" characteristic Dr. Olcott had his mind first turned in the direction of the problem of phases. village schools in India when he served for a short term as a member of the Of primary interest to the special staff of a college in southern India. He returned to India later with a student, or the Indian missionary, it Fraser Commission when that body made its thorough survey, in 1919, of provides some very interesting and the problems of village education. accurate analyses of conditions and life in the Indian village. Further- more, the tables and compilations. of statistics in the appendices bring to- gether much valuable and interesting data drawn from obscure sources. An extensive bibliography, a good index and the free use of admirable and very relevant illustrations earn for Dr. Olcott the gratitude of many colleagues in his work. w. 1. C.

Subsequently, he took courses in agri- The Land of the Vanished Church: A Sur· cultural and teachers' colleges in vey of North Africa. J. J. Cooksey. America, and returned to India in Pamphlet with map of North Africa.

1923 to devote his life to the work World Dominion Survey Series. 28. Lon· which had engaged his researches all don. 1926.

these years. A very valuable series of pamphlets, The introduction to this book dis- issued under the editorship of Dr.

cusses the problem in hand and the Cochrane of the W orId Dominion work already done. The major por- Press, deal with the Indigenous tion of the study is given to three in- Church, the World-Wide Task of the quiries: the conditions prevailing in Christian Church and special sur- Indian villages, economic, physical veys of Central Asia, Dutch East In-

BOOKS WORTH READING

dies, Latin America, etc. The present their religion. It is a man-made repamphlet- relates to North Africa and ligion with distorted Biblical pasdescribes briefly but very instruc- sages. It is a religion of the flesh, of tiyely the history of the early Church mammon, organized with great skill. in those lands, the causes of its decay, Mr. Huling shows how Mormon docthe revival of missionary work, and trine and practice depart radically the present situation in Morocco, from the teachings of the Bible as to Tunisia, Tripoli and Algeria. It is a God, Christ, the Holy Spirit, Sin and sad story, but contains a challenge to Salvation. The teachings of the two advance. Today some twelve evan- are carefully compared in deadly pargelical societies are at work there with allel columns, with additional coma total of 240 workers in fifty-four ments. Mormons teach that there are stations. There is no other recent many Gods, many Bibles, a human comprehensive survey of this field. Christ who had several wives, the Holy Spirit a material "fluid"; sin a Students and the Future of Christian necessity and a cause for rejoicing; Missions. Edited by Gordon Poteat. 8 the Gospel of Christ a system of rules vO. 350 pp. $2. New York. 1928. and salvation "a life of good works" without any atonement by Christ or The Student Volunteer Movement justification and regeneration by faith is changing-not in its purpose or in Christ. loyalty to Christ, but in its emphasis and method.· This is seen in the re- An Introduction to Child Study. Clarence port of the Detroit Convention pre- R. Benson. 111. 240 pp. $1.50. Chicago. sented here. It is well and promptly 1927. edited and makes interesting reading. The main topics are "Experience of Much emphasi~ has lately been Power; Christian Missions in a placed upon the need for adequate re- Changing World; Abiding and ligious training in the lives of the Changing Aspects; Is Jesus Christ American youth. Even those not Indispensable; Shall We Share our active in the Church call attention Christian Faith with Others; Inter- to the results of the lack of such trainracial Cooperation; and Find our ing as shown in the youthful criminals Place in God's Plan." of whom there is an increasing num- ber. In this book on child study Mr. Those who attended earlier conven- Benson indicates clearlv the value to tions will miss the notes then struck the state as well as to th~ individual of so forcefully and with such effect- careful, constructive religious training Prayer; the Holy Spirit; God's Mis- given to children and those of adolessionary Call; a World Lost Without cent age. The author takes a very con- Christ, and Miracles of Missions. servative Christian view of religious These addresses are different. They training, emphasizing the need for acare as a rule stimulating to thought cepting the Bible as it stands. The and action but the human viewpoint elementary psychology, the phraseand motives prevail. They are worthy ology and illustrations used, will not of study, but God's view of the world be considered by many as up-to-date. and of the missionary enterprise needs The author, however, makes a very to be kept before us. close and vital connection between each bit of psychological information Mormonism and Biblical Christianity. and its practical application in re- Franklin G. Ruling. Pamphlet. 38 pp. ligious training. The book is prepared New York. 1927. for teacher training classes in the Church School, and there are ques- Here is a good antidote to some of tions at the end of each chapter to the literature put out by the "Church test the reader's knowledge of its of the Latter Day Saints." In their contents. These questions, however, writings and their public addresses, they hide the peculiar teachings of

are all factual, and none are designed their faults nor over-exalts their virto stimulate individual thought on the subject.-M. A. L. tues. While he says" In my relations with them I gave little and received much, and always had the best of the Not Tragedy-Triumph. Dohnavur Fellow· deal" he still recognizes that "the ship, No. 10. 46 pp. 2d. 5 cents. St. Louis and Madras. 1927. long oppression of stronger nations This story-taken from two home has driven the Armenians to use craft letters-is a well written and thrilling account of how a murderer in India, and intrigue against strength and while in prison under the death sentence, was converted and of the joy tyranny . . . . . . This does not mean which his new faith brought him and of his triumphant death. K. s. L. that all Armenians are crooked ….. .

It means that the Armenian plays the game according to the rules of the country. "

Against this dark background the virtues of this long persecuted race Thamilla (The Turtle Dove). By Ferdi· are doubly resplendent. "They have nand Duchene, twice recipient of the Grand Prize in Literature, Algiers. Trans· been harried, tortured, exiled, but lated from the French by Isabelle May and Emily M. Newton. 8vo. 175 pp. they are still brave people who can New York. 1927. stamp a home, whatever it is and wherever it is, with their virtue and Monsieur F. Duchene, for years personality." "Courage, independ- Justice of the Court of Appeals of ence, a love of learning, the passion Algiers, moved by his intimate knowl· and inspiration of the poet, a genius edge of the sufferings and injustice for religion-if ever the world needed heaped upon Mohammedan women, these qualities it needs them today."

It is with sympathetic and loving un- through the laws and teachings of derstanding of the Armenian people the Koran, writes this stirring appeal that the author follows them through in behalf of Moslem womanhood. The their tragic history. He draws upon story is full of pathos and sorrow, and their early myths and legends to build reflects the love, hatred and jealousy up his story. With fierce devotion it in the Moslem harem, engendered by was first among the nations to em- the plural marriage system. The brace Christianity, and consistently degradation and slavery of Thamilla through the centuries the Armenians makes a poignant appeaL The pow- have sacrificed their national liberty erful inarticulate cry comes to the for the defense of the faith.

Christian womanhood of the world to Mr. Burtt cannot fail to picture the help hasten the day when these Mos- Turks, and again he shows a fairness lem sisters, living in the thralldom as refreshing as it is unusual. Hav- of the Islam, shall be emancipated ing faithfully set down the enormity of the crimes of 1915-22 the author and enter into the joy and freedom quotes from Dr. Greig, Bishop of which comes through faith in Him Gibraltar: "Judgment and venge- who said, "I am come that they ance are, thank God, not ours. What might have life, and that they might is ours is to help and save."

have it more abundantly." B. The book is very brief but complete as a story of the Armenians. Its The People of Ararat. Joseph Burtt, simplicity and directness are in keep- F.R.G.S. 184 pages. Limp cloth. Illus· trated. 38 6u. London. 1926. ing with the spirit of the Society of "My only justification for writing Friends to which the author belongs. this book is an intimate, personal affection for the Armenians." No one But as a Britisher he repressed without such love could have written so fairly. The author neither spares throughout a scorching passion the passion for justice and mercy d~nied by his own England to "The People of Ararat. " E. W. R.